Template:Delete

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 272 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4847311]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[Image:Icono aviso borrar.png|80px|left]]
'''This page is a candidate for speedy deletion.''' The given reason is: {{{1}}}

If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on this page. If this page obviously does not meet the criteria for speedy deletion, or you intend to fix it, please remove this notice, but do not remove this notice from articles that you have created yourself.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Candidates for speedy deletion]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[eo:Ŝablono:Forigu]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="552" sha1="kqghux6nffb2sprbj8k3omb0e6esefa" xml:space="preserve">These pages should be deleted as soon as possible if they have been legitimately labelled for speedy deletion. Valid reasons for speedy deletion are obvious vandalism, leftover/unused redirects (it is your job to make sure that they are unused) and pages that are causing problems for Wikipedia such as copyright/license violating textdumps. Do not delete a page that might be an honest attempt by a new contributor. Sometimes new editors create new pages and then discover that they cannot make a useful contribution.

[[da:Kategori:Sletningsforslag]]</text>
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[[ay:Wikipedia:Protected titles]]
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[[zh:Wikipedia:被保护的标题]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5046" sha1="0vm4d1pf6tppf6imaz62agzdtgytsdh" xml:space="preserve">{{language
|name=Tsonga
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|states={{flag|Mozambique}} &lt;br /&gt; {{flag|South Africa}} &lt;br /&gt; {{flag|Swaziland}} &lt;br /&gt; {{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|region=[[Limpopo]], [[Mpumalanga]]
|speakers=3,275,105
|nation={{flag|South Africa}}
|iso1=ts|iso2=tso|iso3=tso
}}

'''Xitsonga''' ('''Tsonga''', '''[[Xitonga]] (Thonga)''') - I ririmi ra [[Vatsonga]] leri vulavuriwaka edzongeni wa tiko ra [[Mozambique]], en´walungwini na le vuxeni bya tiko ra [[Afrika-Dzonga]], e[[ESwatini|Swazini]] xikan´we na le ka xiphemu xin´wana xa tiko ra [[Zimbabwe]].

== Matimu ma Ririmi ==
Junod (1977:47) u hlamusela leswaku hi malembe ma va 1500 ku fika 1600 eN’walungwini wa Mozambiki ku sukela eSaint Lucia ni le tikweni hinkwaro, a ku vulavuriwa ririmi leri ku nga huma XiTsonga xa hina eka rona, hi marhavi lamanyingi ya xona. 
Matimu ya ririmi leri ya komba leswaku ririmi leri namuntlha hi ri tivaka tani hi &quot;Xitsonga&quot; khale a ri tiveka hi vito ra &quot;Tonga&quot; kumbe &quot;Thonga&quot;, leswi na Junod a nga swi seketela eka vulavisisi bya yena loko a tsala hi xinghezi a ku&lt;ref&gt;Junod, Henry (1912, 1927), ''The Life of a South African Tribe: The Social Life'', Neuchatel: Imprimerie Attinger Freres.&lt;/ref&gt;:
 ''&quot;My conclusion is then that the Thonga language was already-spoken by the primitive occupants of the country more than 500 years ago and that, together with a certain number of customs, it formed the great bond which bound the Thonga clans together in past centuries.”'' ─ (Junod 1912, p. 33)
Vatsonga a va ri na mavulavulele yo hambana ku ya hi tindhawu leti a va tshama eka tona. Henri Junod (1977:38) u hlamusela leswaku tindzimi ta Vatsonga ti nga avanyisiwa hi tindzin’wana (dialects) leti landzelaka&lt;ref&gt;Junod, Henry (1977), ''Matimu Ya Vatsonga: 1498-1650'', Braamfontein: Sasavona Publishers.&lt;/ref&gt;:

* XiCopi lexi a xi vulavuriwa hi vaCopi lava va tshamaka e kusuhi ni lwandle e Nyembani na le Xai-Xai.
* Xihlengwe kumbe Xitshwa lexi a xi vulavuriwa ekusuhi na milambu ya Limpopo na Save eMozambiki na le Zimbabwe.
* Xinhlanganu lexi a xi vulavuriwa eSwaziland, Mpumalanga, Kruger National Park, milambu ya Sabie na Nkomati eMozambiki.
* Xirhonga lexi a xi vulavuriwa ekusuhi na milambu ya Sabie na Nkomati.
* XiN’walungu lexi a xi vulavuriwa ekusuhi na milambu ya Limpopo na Olifants eMozambiki.
* Xitshwa lexi a xi kumeka eInhambane eMozambiki.
* XiXika lexi a xi vulavuriwa eN’walungu-vuxa bya nambu wa Nkomati.

Namuntlha Xitsonga xi vulavuriwa hi vanhu lavo tala eMozambiki, eAfrika-Dzonga ni le Zimbabwe. Mhaka yo biha hi leswaku ririmi ra Xitsonga ri le ku kuceteriweni hi tindzimi tin’wana. Milavisiso yi komba leswaku nkucetelo wa tindzimi wu humelela emisaveni hinkwayo nakona eka tinxaka to tala. Leswi swi vangiwa hikuva vanhu va hlangana na tinxaka tin’wana. Emisaveni hinkwayo a ti kona tinxaka ta vanhu leti nga hlanganiki na tinxaka tin’wana. Nkarhi wo tala vanhu va hlangana na vanhu van’wana va mindhavuko yo hambana hi ntsako kumbe hi nyimpi. Ku hlangana ka tinxaka to hambana hi ku tekana kumbe ku xaviselana nhundzu swi endla leswaku tindzimi ta vona ti kucetelana.

== Ku hangalaka ka vanhu hi mbangu ==
Xitsonga xi vulavuriwa hi kwalomu ka 1,646,000 wa vanhu eswifundzenikulu swa [[Limpopo]]; [[Gauteng]] na [[Mpumalanga]] e[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika-Dzonga]], ku hlanganisa na kwalomu ka 1.5 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu e [[Mozambique|Mozambhiki]], na 19,000 wa vanhu eSwaziland. Ku ni 100,000 wa vanhu lava va vulavulaka Xitsonga (kumbe rin'we ra marhavi ma kona) eZimbabwe.

=== Xiyimo-mfumo ===
Xitsonga i rin'wana ra tindzimi ta ximfumo ta Afrika-Dzonga.

=== Marhavi ya ririmi/Tinxaka ta Ririmi leri ===
Marhavi ma ririmi ra Xitsonga ma vulavuriwa kuya fikela en'walungwini wa nambu wa Risavi eZimbabwe, ku hlanganisa na kuya fika eDzongeni ra  KwaZulu-Natal. Hambi leswi marhavi lawa ma twisisanaka, ku ni ku hambana loku twalaka hi kuya hi vumbangu na nhlohlotelo wa vukoloni. Xitsonga xi ni maxaka ya le kusuhi ngopfu lawa ku nga: [[Xitonga]] (Thonga); [[Xirhonga]] (Ronga), lexi vulavuriwaka eMaputo, Mozambiki; na Xitshwa (Tswa), lexi vulavuriwaka eNyembane, na Xihlengwe lexi kumekaka kuya eZimbabwe.

Marhavi lawa ma hambana hi mavulavulele. Xikombiso, eka Xitsonga xa le Afrika-Dzonga u nga ku: ''Xikwembu''; EZimbabwe va ku: ''Chikwembu''.

Marhavi lawa hinkwawo ma kume nhlohlotelo lowu nga ringaniki wa ririmi ra [[Xizulu]] naswona, eZimbabwe, hi ririmi ra [[Xindevele]]. Leswi swi hoxe marito lawa a ya nga ri kona eka Xitsonga xa khale.

Swikombiso swa marito lama lombiweke: ngqondo, gqoka, ricingo, qamba, Mugqivela... na swin'wana.

== Nhlamuselo ya le handle ==

Swin'wana swa leswi hlawulekisaka ririmi ra Xitsonga hi leswi landzelaka:

# Mitolovelo
# Ndhavuko
# Matsalele ya ririmi
# Mahlayele ya ririmi
# Mfuwo wa ririmi kumbe rixaka/tinxaka
# Maendlele ya swilo
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tso Tsonga: A language of South Africa]

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|2}}
*[[Puresidente wa India]]
[[Category:Afrika-Dzonga]]
[[Category:Tindzimi]]
[[Category:Xitsonga]]</text>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Oslo kommune'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
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{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
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| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:NO 0301 Oslo.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of the Spain|Flag]])
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: ---''&lt;/big&gt;
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[[File:Oslo-06-Vigelands-Anlagen-1975-gje.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.0|Oslo]]
'''Oslo''' i ririmi leri vulavulavuriwaka e dzongeni wa tiko ra [[Norge]], e n´walungwini na vuxeni bya tiko ra [[Europa]], e Swazin xikan´we na le ka xiphemu xin´wani xa tiko ra [[Sverige]].

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1089" sha1="e79lqipwzerci1kvr52a5w9n2omwmbj" xml:space="preserve">'''Tata wa hina''' ''(latina: '''Pater noster''')''.

== ''Pater noster'' (Latina) ==
:''Pater noster, qui es in caelis'',&lt;br /&gt;
:''sanctificetur nomen tuum''.&lt;br /&gt;
:''Adveniat regnum tuum''.&lt;br /&gt;
:''Fiat voluntas tua'',&lt;br /&gt;
:''sicut in caelo, et in terra''.&lt;br /&gt;
:''Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie'', &lt;br /&gt;
:''et dimitte nobis debita nostra'',&lt;br /&gt;
:''sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris''.&lt;br /&gt;
:''Et ne nos inducas in tentationem'',&lt;br /&gt;
:''sed libera nos a malo''.&lt;br /&gt;
:''Amen''.

== Xitsonga ==

:Tata wa hina la nge matilweni,&lt;br /&gt;
:vito ra wena a ri hlawuriwe;&lt;br /&gt;
:a ku te ku fuma ka wena;&lt;br /&gt;
:ku rhandza ka wena a ku endliwe misaveni,&lt;br /&gt;
:tanihi loko ku endliwa tilweni.&lt;br /&gt;
:U hi ha namuntlha vuswa bya hina,
:
:bya siku rin'wana ni rin'wana;&lt;br /&gt;
:u hi rivalela milandzu ya hina,&lt;br /&gt;
:tanihi loko na hina hi rivalela van'wana,
:
:lava nga ni milandzu eka hina;&lt;br /&gt;
:u nga tshuki u hi yisi emiringweni,&lt;br /&gt;
:kambe u hi ponisa eka Lowo biha,
:
:hikuva ku fuma ika wena,
:
:nimatimba,
:
:nikutwala,
:
:hi masiku na masiku,&lt;br /&gt;
:Amen.</text>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="534" sha1="bkk6n3153bu586emu14rhqy2fk1a4im" xml:space="preserve">'''Mintirho ya swa Ririmi ya Rixaka''' (National Language Services, &quot;NLS&quot;) yi tlakusa no kondletela mbulavulo exikarhi ka tindzimi hinkwato. Ku kota ku fikelela swilaveko leswi nga eka [[vumbiwa]], Mintirho ya swa [[Ririmi]] ya Rixaka (NLS), yi lawula ku hambana loku nga kona ka tindzimi etikweni ra hina ni ku hlanganisa tindzimi hinkwato ta [[vanhu]] hi ku endla leswi nawu wu vulaka swona leswi kongomiseke eka ku tlakusa ku tirhisiwa ka tindzimi leti, xikan’we ni leti khale a ti languteriwa ehansi.

[[Category:Afrika-Dzonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tsonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2013</id>
    <redirect title="Xitsonga" />
    <revision>
      <id>5162</id>
      <timestamp>2007-06-20T22:17:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kanon6917~tswiki</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Xitsonga]]</comment>
      <origin>5162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT[[Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2014</id>
    <redirect title="Xitsonga" />
    <revision>
      <id>5163</id>
      <timestamp>2007-06-20T22:17:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kanon6917~tswiki</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Xitsonga]]</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT[[Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2015</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33430</id>
      <parentid>27223</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-02-16T21:23:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ValJor</username>
        <id>617</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Adding the template for countries of Oceania</comment>
      <origin>33430</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="869" sha1="h0i66ruh1knz3qaxxdc5z9v8mb56cht" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Pule'anga Fakatu'i 'o Tonga'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_Tonga.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tonga.svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Tonga|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Tonga|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]:  Dieu et Tonga sont mon héritage ''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationTonga.png|300px]]
|}

'''Tonga''' i tiko ra Oceania.

{{Oxiyeniya}}

[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]</text>
      <sha1>h0i66ruh1knz3qaxxdc5z9v8mb56cht</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Gwamba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2016</id>
    <redirect title="Xitsonga" />
    <revision>
      <id>5165</id>
      <timestamp>2007-06-20T22:18:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kanon6917~tswiki</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Xitsonga]]</comment>
      <origin>5165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT[[Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shangaan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2017</id>
    <redirect title="Xitsonga" />
    <revision>
      <id>5166</id>
      <timestamp>2007-06-20T22:18:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kanon6917~tswiki</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Xitsonga]]</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT[[Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shangana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2018</id>
    <redirect title="Xitsonga" />
    <revision>
      <id>5167</id>
      <timestamp>2007-06-20T22:18:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kanon6917~tswiki</username>
        <id>70</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Xitsonga]]</comment>
      <origin>5167</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT[[Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>11p35d30drd7xugb3psr1ukwk3o5ytw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Community Portal</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2019</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41562</id>
      <parentid>41526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-26T00:58:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>3421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Request for comment (global AI policy) */ new section</comment>
      <origin>41562</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="338169" sha1="djhs03bykb8j9wp4ajb16gf4fzj2wwj" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ __NEWSECTIONLINK__
&lt;!-- Header --&gt;
{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%&quot;
| style=&quot;width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;&quot; |
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:2em 2em 2em 2em;&quot;&gt; &lt;!-- Top, Right, Bottom, Left --&gt;
{{image|name=Cup of Coffee with Whipped Cream.jpg|width=250px|pad=10px|caption=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:100%;line-height:1.3em;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;'''A hi vulavuleni'''&lt;/p&gt;|float=left}}
&lt;!-- FOR MORE ICONS, GO TO [[Help:Icons]] --&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;'''Welcome to the ts.wikipedia Community portal'''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

This page is for Discussions about the Xitsonga wikipedia and interseting events/feats  or ideas that can be useful to users actively helping out here. Comments in this page can be in English for the benefit of all Xitsonga non-speakers (If written in Xitsonga, a link to a translation will be offered ). 

Please sign your comments with ( &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; ) after leaving a message. 

Always show curtesy to fellow users, abusive speech will not be tolerated in this page. As discussion threads here increase, archiving will be introduced.

&lt;center&gt;''Bot requests can be made on the'' [[Wikipedia:bot]] ''page''.&lt;/center&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto; background:#ccccff;&quot;
|+ '''Archives of Past discussions'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[/Archive-1|2008-2010]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[/Archive-2|2011-2012]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[/Archive-3|2013-2014]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[/Archive-4|2015-2016]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[/Archive-5|2017-2018]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | [[/Archive-6|2019-2020]]
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;align: center; padding: 1em; border: solid 2px black; background-color: aqua;&quot;&gt;
'''[http://ts.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new Please click here to leave a new message.]'''&lt;/div&gt;

----
__TOC__
== Xitsonga Wikipedia Logo tagline translation ==
The current logo translation saying &quot;Encyclopediya ya mahala&quot; has a translation of &quot;mahala&quot; meaning &quot;free&quot; as in &quot;free coffee&quot; and not as in &quot;Freedom&quot;. I propose the following tag line translation:

: ''&quot;Matsalwa lama tsunxekeke&quot;''

I will submit a request for the logo to be updated after a few days. --[[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 05:49, 3 Sunguti 2021 (UTC)

== Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]]

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

[[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning
process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. 

''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 15:16, 27 Sunguti 2021 (UTC) 
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Project Grant Open Call ==

This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.&lt;br&gt; This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.&lt;br&gt;

For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building.  We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:&lt;br&gt;

* Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal:
* [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application&lt;br&gt;
* General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants &lt;br&gt;
* [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]&lt;br&gt;

Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.&lt;br&gt;

We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!&lt;br&gt;

Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 28 Sunguti 2021 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added

We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
--12:57, 1 Nyenyenyani 2021 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Feminism &amp; Folklore 1 February - 31 March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! 

You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. 

You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. 

Feminism and Folklore team,

[[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 02:40, 16 Nyenyenyani 2021 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikifunctions logo contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 01:47, 2 Nyenyankulu 2021 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 ===

{{int:please-translate}}

The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']].

==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ====

The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment.

To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]].

==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ====

From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable.

To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]].

-- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 5 Dzivamusoko 2021 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Line numbering coming soon to all wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

[[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]]
From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. 

More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 15:09, 12 Dzivamusoko 2021 (UTC)
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== Suggested Values ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones.

More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]].

&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 14:08, 22 Dzivamusoko 2021 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 ==

&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 1, June 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC.

Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]].

You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;
* '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]])
* '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]])
* '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]])
* '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]])
* '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:06, 11 Khotavuxika 2021 (UTC)
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== Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions ==

[[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]]
Dear all,

Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021.

'''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]].

Below are some links to guide you through;
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]]

Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. 

'''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. 

'''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have.  Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]]

Best regards,

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:18, 16 Khotavuxika 2021 (UTC)

On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team
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== Editing news 2021 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias|thumb|296x296px|When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]]

Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]].  The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki.  The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor.

The key results were:

* Newer editors who had automatic (&quot;default on&quot;) access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page.
* The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing.

These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful.

&lt;strong&gt;Looking ahead&lt;/strong&gt;

The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months.  This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias.

The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]].  After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis.

You can turn on &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now.  After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 14:14, 24 Khotavuxika 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. &lt;!--

 They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --&gt;

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST,  23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of June 28.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 01:19, 27 Khotavuxika 2021 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' -  Persian language e-books
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik &amp; Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr

Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login!

We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]].

Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]!

--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:23, 11 Mhawuri 2021 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021.

These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input.

Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities.

There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: 

:[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August)
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 14:00 UTC
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 15:00 UTC

Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]].

Please let me know if you have any questions.&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 23:20, 17 Mhawuri 2021 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end ==

Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board.

6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]].

Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better.

10:03, 2 Ndzhati 2021 (UTC)
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== The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello everyone,

We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well.

Summary:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]].
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year ===

In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published.

However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]].

We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist.

=== Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities ===

We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes.

=== A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet ===

We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe.

We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon!

=== Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase ===

If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes!

=== Feedback ===
* What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages?
* How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]]
* What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022?
* What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022?

Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings.
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 Ndzhati 2021 (UTC)
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== Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021.

The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation.

English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months.

We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]:

* Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) 
* Are ready to find compromises. 
* Focus on inclusion and diversity. 
* Have knowledge of community consultations. 
* Have intercultural communication experience. 
* Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. 
* Have experience negotiating with different parties. 

The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place.

Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:02, 10 Ndzhati 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 00:45, 11 Ndzhati 2021 (UTC)
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== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]]

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hello!

As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390
* One tap mobile
** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York)
** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose)
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location]

See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 03:04, 11 Ndzhati 2021 (UTC)
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== Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter ==

Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[User:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[User talk:Dušan Kreheľ|talk]]) 01:41, 30 Ndzhati 2021 (UTC)

== Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections.

'''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.'''

The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021.

Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates&gt;

Learn about the Drafting Committee: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee&gt;

We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at &lt;https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/&gt;

Read the full announcement: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

'''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

Best,

Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
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[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:25, 14 Nhlangula 2021 (UTC)
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== Learn how Movement Strategy Implementation Grants can support your Movement Strategy plans ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy Implementation grants now provide more than $2,000 USD to put Movement Strategy plans into action. Find out more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation grants, the criteria, and how to apply]].&lt;section end=&quot;annoumcent-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)#top|talk]]) 13:30, 29 October 2021 (UTC)
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== Meet the new Movement Charter Drafting Committee members ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
The Movement Charter Drafting Committee election and selection processes are complete.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|election results have been published]]. 1018 participants voted to elect seven members to the committee: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''.
* The Wikimedia Foundation has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] two members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''.

The committee will convene soon to start its work. The committee can appoint up to three more members to bridge diversity and expertise gaps.

If you are interested in engaging with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] drafting process, follow the updates [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] and join the [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group].

With thanks from the Movement Strategy and Governance team&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

15:53, 5 Hukuri 2021 (UTC)
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== Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content /&gt;
:''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022.

While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback:

* What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board?

* What involvement should candidates have during the election?

While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions.

'''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?'''

Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org.

Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:56, 27 N'wendzamhala 2021 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]].

You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... 

Thank you.

'''Feminism and Folklore Team''',

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
--05:49, 11 Sunguti 2022 (UTC)
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== Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now open and will close on 7 February 2022. 

With this Call for Feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team is taking a different approach. This approach incorporates community feedback from 2021. Instead of leading with proposals, the Call is framed around key questions from the Board of Trustees. The key questions came from the feedback about the 2021 Board of Trustees election. The intention is to inspire collective conversation and collaborative proposal development about these key questions.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Join the conversation.]]

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:04, 15 Sunguti 2022 (UTC)
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== Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 5, January 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates.
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 16th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]])
*'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:28, 29 Sunguti 2022 (UTC)
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== Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''.

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations.

The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].'''

To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].'''

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].'''

Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. 

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br/&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:55, 4 Nyenyenyani 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work.

The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:35, 9 Nyenyenyani 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team,

We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc.

We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language.

Best wishes,

'''International Team'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Folklore'''

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:50, 22 Nyenyenyani 2022 (UTC)
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== Coming soon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Several improvements around templates ===
Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki:
* Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]),
* Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]),
* and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right).

All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. &lt;/div&gt; - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:39, 28 Nyenyenyani 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki.

There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss:
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&amp;A|community panel]] recorded on 18 February 2022 shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants.
* The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022 and 25 February 2022.

You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance &lt;br /&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:17, 2 Nyenyankulu 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]].

You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance

Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 00:52, 8 Nyenyankulu 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;Hello! 

The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about &quot;Regional and Thematic Hubs&quot;. The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. 

Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9.

The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''.

Best regards,

[[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]&lt;br /&gt;Movement Strategy
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:31, 10 Nyenyankulu 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. 

([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram])

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]]

A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on  [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]].

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:40, 14 Nyenyankulu 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''.

Thank you,

From the Community Development team&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:20, 18 Nyenyankulu 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]]
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on &lt;b&gt;31 March 2022 11:59 UTC&lt;/b&gt;. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as &lt;i&gt;folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more&lt;/i&gt;

Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. 

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:29, 26 Nyenyankulu 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Greetings,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work.

The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:53, 30 Nyenyankulu 2022 (UTC)
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== Enabling Section Translation: a new mobile translation experience ==

{{int:Hello}} Tsonga Wikipedians!

Apologies as this message is not in Tsonga language, {{Int:Please-translate}}.

The [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_engineering WMF Language team] is pleased to let you know that we will like to enable the [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section translation]] tool in Tsonga Wikipedia. For this, our team will love you to read about the tool and test it so you can:
*Give us your feedback
*Ask us questions
*Tell us how to improve it.
Below is background information about Section translation, why we have chosen your community, and how to test it.

'''Background information'''

[[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. More than one million articles have been created across all languages since the tool was released in 2015. The Wikimedia Foundation Language team has improved the translation experience further with the Section Translation. The WMF Language team enabled the early version of the tool in February in Bengali Wikipedia. Through their feedback, the tool was improved and ready for your community to test and help us with feedback to make it better.

[https://design.wikimedia.org/strategy/section-translation.html Section Translation] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will: 
*Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones.
*Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device.

Tsonga Wikipedia seems an ideal candidate to enjoy this new tool since data shows significant mobile editing activity. 

We plan to enable the tool on Tsonga Wikipedia in the coming weeks if there are no objections from your community. 
After it is enabled, we’ll monitor the content created with the tool and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to raise any concerns or questions you may already have in any of the following formats:
*As a reply to this message 
*On [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]].

'''Try the tool'''

Before the enablement, you can try the current implementation of the tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation our testing instance]. Once it is enabled on Tsonga Wikipedia, you’ll have access to https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation with your mobile device. You can select an article to translate, and machine translation will be provided as a starting point for editors to improve.

'''Provide feedback'''

Please provide feedback about Section translation in any of the formats you are most comfortable with. We want to hear about your impressions on:
*The tool
*What you think about our plans to enable it
*Your ideas for improving the tool.

Thanks, and we look forward to your feedback and questions.

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 15:38, 14 Dzivamusoko 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team

'''PS''': Sending your feedback or questions in English is particularly appreciated. But, you can still send them in the language of your choice.

===Section Translation tool enabled in Tsonga Wikipedia===

Hello Friends!
 
The Language team is pleased to let you know that the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Section_translation Section Translation] tool is [https://ts.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&amp;to=ig&amp;sx=true#/ now enabled in Tsonga Wikipedia]. It means you can translate real content one section at a time using your mobile devices with ease.

Now you can also start translating an article on your mobile device right when you notice it is missing in Tsonga. From a Wikipedia article in any language, switch languages and search for Tsonga. If the article does not exist, an option to translate it will appear, as shown in the image below.
 
[[File:Sx-language-selector-invite-th.png|thumb|center|Image of the entry point]]

We have enabled this tool in your Wikipedia based on your interest and feedback about the tool. This tool will be useful for your community since data shows significant mobile device activity in Tsonga Wikipedia. 

Content created with the tool will be marked [https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges?limit=500&amp;days=30&amp;urlversion=2 with the “sectiontranslation” tag] for the community to review. We’ll monitor the content created, but we are very interested in hearing about your experience using the tool and reviewing the content created with it. 
 
So, [https://ts.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation enjoy the tool] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation provide feedback] on improving it.

Thank you!

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 23:38, 21 Khotavuxika 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 6, April 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----

Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]])
*'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]])
*'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get  up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Also, a draft of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|'''2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan''']] has been published. Input is being sought on-wiki and during [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations|'''several conversations''' with Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander]].

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|See full announcement on Meta-wiki]]. [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:45, 22 Dzivamusoko 2022 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research

Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more.

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today!
&lt;br&gt;--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 Dzivamusoko 2022 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Coming soon: Improvements for templates ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--T:11--&gt;
[[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]]
Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon:

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': 
This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]]

In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]]

Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. 

We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages!
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:14, 29 Dzivamusoko 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Editing news 2022 #1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;
[[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]]

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages.  New editors are more successful with this new tool.  You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]].  Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test.  You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 18:55, 2 Mudyaxihi 2022 (UTC)
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== 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']]

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees.

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees.

The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team.

;Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]].

Thank you for your support, 

Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
10:39, 10 Mudyaxihi 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

We'd like to provide an update on the work on the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct.  After the conclusion of the community vote on the guidelines in March, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs committee (CAC)]] of the Board [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ asked that several areas of the guidelines be reviewed for improvements] before the Board does its final review. These areas were identified based on community discussions and comments provided during the vote. The CAC also requested review of the controversial Note in 3.1 of the UCoC itself.

Once more, a big thank you to all who voted, especially to all who left constructive feedback and comments!  The project team is working with the Board to establish a timeline for this work, and will communicate this next month. 

Members of the two prior [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|UCoC Drafting Committees]] have generously offered their time to help shape improvements to the Guidelines. You can read more about them and their work [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|here]], as well as read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|summaries of their weekly meetings in 2022]]. 

Wikimedians have provided many valuable comments together with the vote and in other conversations. Given the size and diversity of the Wikimedia community, there are even more voices out there who can give ideas on how to improve the enforcement guidelines and add even more valuable ideas to the process. To help the Revisions committee identify improvements, input on several questions for the committee’s review is requested. Visit the Meta-wiki pages ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Enforcement Guidelines revision discussions]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Policy text revision discussions]]) to get your ideas to the Committee - it is very important that viewpoints are heard from different communities before the Committee begins drafting revision proposals.

On behalf of the UCoC project team &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 22:56, 3 Khotavuxika 2022 (UTC)
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== Deployment of FLORES Machine Translation to Tsonga Wikipedia ==

Hello Friends!

The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) support for the Content Translation in Tsonga Wikipedia called FLORES. This means that you can choose to use [https://ai.facebook.com/blog/the-flores-101-data-set-helping-build-better-translation-systems-around-the-world/ FLORES machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles to Tsonga using [[Special:ContentTranslation|the Content Translation]]. 

The FLORES Machine Translation service is provided by an [https://ai.facebook.com/ AI research team at Meta] through a free for use API key that allows the Content Translation to access the service on the FLORES server for an evaluation trial period. This MT is set as optional; in your Wikipedia, which means you can choose not to use it as your preferred initial translator. If you decide to use this service, you can select &quot;FLORES&quot; from the &quot;Initial Translation&quot; dropdown menu where you will find other existing machine translation services on the sidebar.

The Wikimedia Foundation has worked out an agreement that allows the use of FLORES without compromising Wikipedia’s policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user, and brand representation. You can find more information about the FLORES Machine translation on [[mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Flores#Summary_of_our_agreement_with_Meta|this page]].

Please note that the use of the FLORES MT is optional. However, we would want your community to:

* use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service; and
* [[mw:Talk:Content_translation|provide feedback]] about its quality and ask any questions you might have about this addition.

We trust that this addition is a good support to the Content Translations tool towards having better quality articles in Tsonga Wikipedia.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language team. 

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 23:25, 21 Khotavuxika 2022 (UTC)

== Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Hi, Greetings

The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced!

We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]'''

Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project.

We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year.

'''Thank you,'''

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:13, 4 Mawuwani 2022 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass ==

:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Community members in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|propose statements to use in the Election Compass.]]

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

;Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

* July 8 - 20: Community members propose statements for the Election Compass
* July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements
* July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
* August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
* August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
* August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August. The Elections Committee will oversee the process, supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance team. MSG will check that the questions are clear, there are no duplicates, no typos, and so on.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|talk]]) 11:34, 14 Mawuwani 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you for reading! [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:37, 18 Mawuwani 2022 (UTC)
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== Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

'''The Affiliate voting process has concluded.''' Representatives from each Affiliate organization learned about the candidates by reading candidates’ statements, reviewing candidates’ answers to questions, and considering the candidates’ ratings provided by the Analysis Committee. The selected 2022 Board of Trustees candidates are:

* Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[:m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]])
* Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[:m:User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]])
* Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[:m:User:Esh77|Esh77]])
* Kunal Mehta ([[:m:User:Legoktm|Legoktm]])
* Michał Buczyński ([[:m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]])
* Mike Peel ([[:m:User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]])

You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election.

Please take a moment to appreciate the Affiliate Representatives and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and diversity. These hours of volunteer work connect us across understanding and perspective. Thank you for your participation.

Thank you to the community members who put themselves forward as candidates for the Board of Trustees. Considering joining the Board of Trustees is no small decision. The time and dedication candidates have shown to this point speaks to their commitment to this movement. Congratulations to those candidates who have been selected. A great amount of appreciation and gratitude for those candidates not selected. Please continue to share your leadership with Wikimedia.

Thank you to those who followed the Affiliate process for this Board election. You may review the results of the Affiliate selection process.

'''The next part of the Board election process is the community voting period.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|You may view the Board election timeline here]]. To prepare for the community voting period, there are several things community members can engage with in the following ways:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Read candidates’ statements]] and read the candidates’ answers to the questions posed by the Affiliate Representatives.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Propose and select the 6 questions for candidates to answer during their video Q&amp;A]].
* See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee’s ratings of candidates on each candidate’s statement]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Propose statements for the Election Compass]] voters can use to find which candidates best fit their principles.
* Encourage others in your community to take part in the election.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 14:03, 27 Mawuwani 2022 (UTC)
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== Vote for Election Compass Statements ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki.

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

*&lt;s&gt;July 8 - 20: Volunteers propose statements for the Election Compass&lt;/s&gt;
*&lt;s&gt;July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements&lt;/s&gt;
*July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
*August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
*August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
*August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August

Best, 

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 21:01, 27 Mawuwani 2022 (UTC)
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== The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

The Community Voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Here are some helpful links to get you the information you need to vote:

* Try the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics.
* Read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|candidate statements]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|answers to Affiliate questions]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Learn more about the skills the Board seeks]] and how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills]]

If you are ready to vote, you may go to [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] to vote now. '''You may vote from August 23 at 00:00 UTC to September 6 at 23:59 UTC.''' To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]]
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== Invitation to join the Movement Strategy Forum ==

:''{{More languages}}''
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
Hello everyone,

The [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Movement Strategy Forum] (MS Forum) is a multilingual collaborative space for all conversations about Movement Strategy implementation. 

We are inviting all Movement participants to collaborate on the MS Forum. The goal of the forum is to build community collaboration, using an inclusive multilingual platform.

The [[m:Movement Strategy|Movement Strategy]] is a collaborative effort to imagine and build the future of the Wikimedia Movement. Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy, from a comment to a full-time project.

;Join this forum with your Wikimedia account, engage in conversations, and ask questions in your language.

The Movement Strategy and Governance team (MSG) launched the proposal for the MS Forum in May 2022. There was a 2-month community review period, which ended on 24 July 2022. The community review process included several questions that resulted in interesting conversations. You can read the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 Community Review Report]. 

We look forward to seeing you at the MS Forum! 

Best regards,

the Movement Strategy and Governance Team

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 11:32, 29 Mhawuri 2022 (UTC)
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== The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]]
Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.'''

We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022.

It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins.

&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Top of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;A section of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
=== About the skin ===

'''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.]

'''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs.

'''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin.

* The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%.
* The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages.
* The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on.
* The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities.

'''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins.

=== How can editors change and customize this skin? ===

It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. 

=== Our plan ===

'''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar.

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks mw-ui-button&quot;&gt;Request for more time to discuss the change&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Ndzhati 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Update on Vector 2022 ==

[[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]].

We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one.

We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Nhlangula 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]
Hello all, 

During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values &amp; Principles, and Roles &amp; Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. 

With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter&quot;''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback.     

The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: 

*&lt;s&gt;'''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.&lt;/s&gt;
* '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in  Arabic, French and Russian.  
* '''North and South America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. 

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call.

'''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors'''

Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. 

We thank you for your time and participation. 

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 15:33, 7 Hukuri 2022 (UTC)
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== Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community ==

:''{{More languages}}''
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. 
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful.

The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity.

If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application.

Best regards, &lt;br&gt; Movement Strategy and Governance Team &lt;br&gt; Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 16:26, 14 Hukuri 2022 (UTC)
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== Opportunities open for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''
&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The Ombuds commission (OC) and the Case Review Committee (CRC) are looking for members. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to do so. There is more information below about the opportunity and the skills that are needed.

'''About the Ombuds commission'''

The Ombuds commission (OC) works on all Wikimedia projects to investigate complaints about violations of the privacy policy, especially in use of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|Oversight]] (also known as Suppression) tools. The Commission mediates between the parties of the investigation and, when violations of the policies are identified, advises the Wikimedia Foundation on best handling. They may also assist the General Counsel, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Trustees of the Foundation in these investigations when legally necessary. For more on the OC's duties and roles, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|see Ombuds commission on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Volunteers serving in this role should be experienced Wikimedians, active on any project, who have previously used the CheckUser/Oversight tools OR who have the technical ability to understand these tools and the willingness to learn them. They must be able to communicate in English, the common language of the commission. They are expected to be able to engage neutrally in investigating these concerns and to know when to recuse when other roles and relationships may cause conflict. Commissioners will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year).

'''About the Case Review Committee'''

The Case Review Committee (CRC) reviews appeals of eligible Trust &amp; Safety office actions. The CRC is a critical layer of oversight to ensure that Wikimedia Foundation office actions are fair and unbiased. They also make sure the Wikimedia Foundation doesn’t overstep established practices or boundaries. For more about the role, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Case Review Committee|see Case Review Committee on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

We are looking for current or former functionaries and experienced volunteers with an interest in joining this group. Applicants must be fluent in English (additional languages are a strong plus) and willing to abide by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee/Charter|terms of the Committee charter]]. If the work resonates and you qualify, please apply. Committee members will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year).

'''Applying to join either of these groups'''

Members are required to sign the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information|Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] and must be willing to comply with the appropriate Wikimedia Foundation board policies (such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Access to nonpublic information policy|access to non-public information policy]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy|Foundation privacy policy]]). These positions requires a high degree of discretion and trust. Members must also be over 18 years of age.

'''If you are interested in serving in either capacity listed above,''' please write in English to the Trust and Safety team at ca[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the OC) or to the Legal Team at legal[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the CRC) with information about:

* Your primary projects
* Languages you speak/write
* Any experience you have serving on committees, whether movement or non-movement
* Your thoughts on what you could bring to the OC or CRC if appointed
* Any experience you have with the Checkuser or Oversight tools (OC only)
* Any other information you think is relevant

'''The deadline for applications is 31 December 2022 in any timezone.'''

Please feel free to pass this invitation along to any users who you think may be qualified and interested. Thank you!

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Please-translate}}''

{{int:Hello}}

The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually.

We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas!

The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows:
* Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023
* Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023
* Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023
* Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023

If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023!
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 12:59, 13 N'wendzamhala 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:24, 24 N'wendzamhala 2022 (UTC)
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== Editing news 2023 #1 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;

This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work:

# The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it.
# They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]].

&lt;strong&gt;Talk pages project&lt;/strong&gt;
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]]

The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]].

It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new &quot;{{int:skin-action-addsection}}&quot; button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]].

[[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]]

An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site.

&lt;strong&gt;New Project: Edit Check&lt;/strong&gt;

The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click &quot;{{int:publishchanges}}&quot;. The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&amp;nbsp;March&amp;nbsp;2023]] to learn more.&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 Nyenyenyani 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 21:21, 27 Nyenyenyani 2023 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.&lt;section end=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:42, 21 Dzivamusoko 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello,

As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are:

* Community members in good standing
* Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects
* Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type
* Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023
* Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations
* Confidently able to communicate in English

The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff.

The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:01, 26 Dzivamusoko 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Selection of the U4C Building Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 Mudyaxihi 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Announcing the new Elections Committee members&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello there, 

We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. 

Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 28 Khotavuxika 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. 

The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward.

Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]].

Best,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Mhawuri 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:24, 15 Ndzhati 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee  ==&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. 

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Nhlangula 2023 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all, 

Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]].

Best,

Katie Chan &lt;br&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:13, 17 Nhlangula 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: Reference Previews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]]
A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years.  Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]].

Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget.

Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. 

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. 
* Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. 
-- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team,
&lt;section end=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Hukuri 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland
&lt;section end=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 N'wendzamhala 2023 (UTC)
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== Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.''

Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.&lt;br&gt; 
''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.''

The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time.

For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.&lt;br&gt;We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
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== Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? ==

''Apologies for writing in English.''

The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references.

* The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here].
* Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch.
* [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]].
* Sessions will be held in January and February.
* [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.]
* Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment.

We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]]
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== Feminism and Folklore 2024 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 Sunguti 2024 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

-- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 Sunguti 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Sunguti 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Sunguti 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. 

A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks.

Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:24, 12 Nyenyenyani 2024 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 Nyenyankulu 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
: ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: ''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all,

This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. 

Here are the key planned dates:

*  May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions
*  June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5]
*  June-August 2024: Campaign period
*  End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period
*  October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates
*  Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan.

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]].

Best regards,

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group)

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 Nyenyankulu 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:01, 15 Nyenyankulu 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to select members of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 Dzivamusoko 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;Hello all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]].

We look forward to your participation!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:22, 14 Mudyaxihi 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

[[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]

Dear community members,

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. 

You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. 

You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language.

On behalf of the CAC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:26, 22 Mudyaxihi 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. 

We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** –
* Northern and Western Europe
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]]
* Latin America and Caribbean
** –
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
** —
* Sub-Saharan Africa
** –
* Middle East and North Africa
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]]
* East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP)
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]]
* South Asia
** –

The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]]
* –
* –
* –
* –

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:15, 3 Khotavuxika 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hi everyone,

The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading.

'''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?'''

The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

'''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”'''

Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote.

'''Movement Charter ratification vote'''

Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta.

If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org].

On behalf of the MCDC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:45, 11 Khotavuxika 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading.

Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]].

After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further.

If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org'''].

On behalf of the CEC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:52, 25 Khotavuxika 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''.

If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. 

On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:46, 8 Mawuwani 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024.

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]].

In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]].

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:03, 10 Mawuwani 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.  

As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy.

The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: 

'''Individual vote:'''

Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333).

'''Affiliates vote:'''

Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111).

'''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:'''

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].  

With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''.

We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance.

The Charter Electoral Commission,

[[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:52, 18 Mawuwani 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:48, 27 Mawuwani 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 Mhawuri 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:20, 22 Mhawuri 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 Ndzhati 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board.

Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]].

When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:14, 3 Ndzhati 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:38, 20 Ndzhati 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:56, 27 Ndzhati 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,

Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 Nhlangula 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted.

The following four candidates were the most voted:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]]

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:26, 14 Nhlangula 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 Nhlangula 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 Nhlangula 2024 (UTC)
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== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:13, 29 Nhlangula 2024 (UTC)
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== Several advertisment articles ==

Hello Community!

I came acroos of some advertisment articles in your Wikipedia section. In particular these are [[Katamarantraum]], [[Mirago Media AB]], [[Feng Shui Institute Of Excellence]] and [[Alpine Dreams]] (maybe there some more, but these are which I could find). Don't you thing these articles need to be deleted?

[[Special:Contributions/62.216.205.255|62.216.205.255]] 07:42, 31 Nhlangula 2024 (UTC)

== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Hukuri 2024 (UTC)
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== Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! ==

Dear All,

We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. 

This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture.

* Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]]
* When: Jan 19, 2025 
* Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025).
* Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 
* Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]]

To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025.

Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language.

Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all.

Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate.

Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success!

For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Sunguti 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Sunguti 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:36, 29 Sunguti 2025 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:36, 29 Sunguti 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. 

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:49, 3 Nyenyenyani 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone!
[[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]]
We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''.

This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba.

'''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''.

Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]].

We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 08:29, 22 Nyenyenyani 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Nyenyankulu 2025 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.
Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. 

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:56, 13 Nyenyankulu 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Your wiki will be in read-only soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:14, 14 Nyenyankulu 2025 (UTC)
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== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Dzivamusoko 2025 (UTC)
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== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! 

The most active contesters will receive prizes.

If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.
&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;

16:11, 16 Dzivamusoko 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 17 Dzivamusoko 2025 (UTC)
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== Sub-referencing: User testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]]
&lt;small&gt;''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''&lt;/small&gt;

Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further:

#'''Try it out and share your feedback'''
#:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. 
#'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs'''
#:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''.

We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well.

Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! &lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:04, 28 Dzivamusoko 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Dzivamusoko 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mudyaxihi 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|mbulavulo]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:07, 15 Mudyaxihi 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Mudyaxihi 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Tsonga Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Tsonga Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Tsonga Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 10th June 2025.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team.

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 23:50, 27 Mudyaxihi 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:08, 28 Mudyaxihi 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|mbulavulo]]) 16:47, 29 Mudyaxihi 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Khotavuxika 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:44, 17 Khotavuxika 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Khotavuxika 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:46, 14 Mawuwani 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Mhawuri 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:41, 18 Ndzhati 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:48, 9 Nhlangula 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Nhlangula 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Nhlangula 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:43, 20 Hukuri 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Hukuri 2025 (UTC)
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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 Sunguti 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 Sunguti 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 Sunguti 2026 (UTC)
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== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 Dzivamusoko 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:58, 26 Dzivamusoko 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
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      <sha1>djhs03bykb8j9wp4ajb16gf4fzj2wwj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zimbabwe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2024</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38715</id>
      <parentid>35259</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-30T05:20:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aquino101</username>
        <id>10870</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Transportation&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1242793902|Zimbabwe]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>38715</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1104" sha1="31pzkss0rux8e329l8s1cm8pd35i1cz" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of Zimbabwe'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of Arms of Zimbabwe.svg|135px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Zimbabwe|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Zimbabwe|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Unity, Freedom, Work''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationZimbabwe.png]]
|}

'''Zimbabwe''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

President : Emmerson Mnangagwa

{{Afrika}}
{{Commons}}
[[Category:Afrika]]

== Ntleketlo ==

* [[National Railways of Zimbabwe|Swiporo swa Rixaka swa Zimbabwe]]
* [[Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport|Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Matiko ya Misava ra Robert Gabriel Mugabe]]</text>
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    <title>Muzambhiki</title>
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      <text bytes="637" sha1="ch9obwj7bsgh2f7c2cjlfvwz09qu4ff" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique}}
{{Tiko
|name               = Riphabliki ya Muzambhiki&lt;br&gt;República de Moçambique
|mujeko             = Flag of Mozambique.svg
|coa                = EscudoMozambique.PNG
|image              = [[File:LocationMozambique.png|190px]]
|Ntsindza           = Maputo
|official_languages = Xiputukezi
|area               = 799 380
|population         = 24 692 144
|year               = 
|density            = 28,7
}}
'''Muzambhiki''' i tiko leri kumeka e dzonga-vuxa bya [[Afrika]]. [[Xitsonga]] i rinwani ra ntindzimi ta le tikweni ra Muzambhiki.

{{Afrika}}
{{Commons}}
[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Norge</title>
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    <id>2027</id>
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      <timestamp>2019-03-13T18:58:38Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Oil platform</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Kongeriket Norge&lt;br /&gt;Kongeriket Noreg'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of Arms of Norway.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Norway|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Norway|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Alt for Norge'' (English: All for Norway)&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Europe-Norway.svg|300px]]
|}
'''Norge''', [[Oslo]].

&lt;center&gt;&lt;gallery &gt;
Geiranger2.JPG|[https://goo.gl/maps/cyA33CSmrTo Geiranger]
Sognefjord, Norway.jpg|[https://goo.gl/maps/3XJkSpyoEzJ2 Sognefjord]
Vippetangen2.jpg|[https://goo.gl/maps/HnmM7zvxQsp Oslo]
Vegaoyan.jpg|[https://goo.gl/maps/uLaPZ4rJRrs West Norway coast]
Mixed_Picea_(Spruce)_forest_from_Vestfold_county_in_Norway.jpg|[https://goo.gl/maps/ZmaNJ6kah6s  Forest]
Norway National House.JPG|Norway National House
Troll_A_Platform.jpg|[https://goo.gl/maps/prRqHg52cwG2 Oil platform]
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''United States of America'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
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{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
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| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(Pantone).svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of United States|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of United States|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: In God We Trust ''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Location United States.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Amerikha''' i tiko ra [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|Amerika Nwalungu]].

[[File:Map of USA with state names.svg|center|450px|]]
[[File:Uscapitolindaylight.jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[Washington, DC]].]]

{{Amerika ya le N'walungu}}
[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]
[[Category:Amerikha]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 201 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q125]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=November|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Hukuri''' i nwheti yavu khume-n'we e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
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    <title>England</title>
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    <id>2044</id>
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      <comment>Undo revision 34511 by [[Special:Contributions/HaitiMacute|HaitiMacute]] ([[User talk:HaitiMacute|talk]])</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''England'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
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{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of England.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of England|Flag]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Europe location ENG.png|300px]]
|}

A tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. 

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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|name               = Spaniya&lt;br /&gt;España
|mujeko             = Flag of Spain.svg
|coa                = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
|escudo_grandaria   = 90px
|image              = [[File:EU-Spain.svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Madrid
|official_languages = Xipaniya
|area               = 504 645
|population         = 47 007 367
|year               = 2018
|density            = 92,91
}}
'''Spaniya''' ([[Xipaniya]]: ''España'', IPA: [es'paɲa]) i tiko ra le dzongeni ka yuropa, laha ku vulavuriwaka [[Xipaniya]]. Tiko leri ri hlanganisa Xipaniya xa le ribuweni exikarhi ka Lwandle ra Atlantiki na ra Meditera, Swihlala-ntsongo swi mbirhi eka malwandle lama angarheke, kuhlanganisa na swi-mutana leswi tiyimeleke e Nwalungwini wa Afrika. Tiko ra Xipaniya ri le xikarhi ka [[Lwandle ra Meditera]] e dzongeni na vuxa, Lwandle ra Kantabrika enwalungu na lwandle ra Atlantika e vupela-dyambu. Xipaniya xihleriwe hi Phalamende ya xi demokrasi naswona itiko leri tifumaka. Xipaniya xile ka ntlawa wa Nhlangano wa matiko ya Yuropa ku sukela hi lembe ra 1986 naswona i tiko leri hluvukeke leri nga ra vunkaye hi kufuwa e misaveni hinkwayo, kasi riri ra vunthlanu e Yuropa. [https://desgrabador.net/ Desgrabador] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304231235/https://desgrabador.net/ |date=2023-03-04 }} Xipaniya, Portugal na Andora i matiko lama vumbaka ribuwa-nkulu ra Iberiya, naswona ma hlanganisa vu anamo bya kwalomu ka 504,030 km², Hi rona tiko leri anameke ngopfu e vupela-dyambu bya Yuropa(kulandzela Furhwa).

Xipaniya xi hlakarherile e hansi ka mfumo wa rhoma Hispaniya, hikwalaho xi va ri nwana ra matiko ya nkoka e nkarhini wolowo. E minkarhini leyi landzeleke, Xipaniya ri fumiwile hi [[Jarimani]], endhzaku ri ta fumiwa hi mufumi wa mu Islamu. Xipaniya ri hlaserile [[Furhwa]] hi 1793 loko mafurhwa ma dlayile hosi ya wona Luwi wa vu Khume-ntsevu, kambe ri hluriwa kufika laha ri kondleteleke kurhula na furhwa hi 1795.


* [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spain Commons]
{{Yuropa}}
{{Spaniya}}

[[Category:Spaniya]]</text>
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    <title>Yuropa</title>
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      <text bytes="6719" sha1="o635jwdz7xxa5e6no48ctmd94extzu2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0 0 0em 0em; width: 20em; text-align: right; padding: 0.5em 2em; font-size: 0.86em; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of floated right section --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; background: #f0f6fa; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of slate grey box --&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''Yuropa'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:Europe orthographic Caucasus Urals boundary (with borders).svg|180px|Mepe wa misava lowu kombaka tiko-nkulu ra Yuropa]]
&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Vundhzawu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 10,180,000km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 742,452,000
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntlimbano
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 72.9/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (188/sq mi)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Matiko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Matiko ya Yuropa|50]]}}
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Swihlalana 
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Swihlalana swa Yuropa|6]]}} 
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Tindzimi
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[Tindzimi ta Yuropa]] na tinwana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
'''Yuropa''' i rinwana ra Matiko-nkulu (hi xiyenge xa Politiki) ya nkombo, naswona rivumba ribuwa ra Tiko-nkulu (Hi xiyenge xa Mbangu) ra Yuraxiya. Yuropa ri angarhiwe enwalungwini hi Lwandle ra Akthika, e vupela-dyambu hi Lwandle ra Atlanthika, e dzongeni hi Lwandle ra Meditera, na le vuxeni bya le dzongeni hi Tintshava ta Khakhasu, Lwandle ra Ntima na mati-ndlela lama hlanganisaka Lwandle ra Ntima na Meditera. E vuxeni Yuropa ri avanyisiwa na [[Axiya]] hi mati ya Tintshava ta Ura, Nambu wa Ura, na hi Lwandle ra Kaspa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encarta&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007|title=&quot;Europe&quot;|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570768/Europe.html|accessdate=2007-12-27|archive-date=2007-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214005710/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570768/Europe.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yuropa yi funengeta kwalomu ka 10,180,000km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; hi ku anama, kumbe 2% wa Misava hinkwayo. Yuropa, yina matiko ya 50, laha Rhaxiya ringa rona tiko leri kulu ngopfu hi ku anama naswona rithlela riva na vaakatiko vutala kutlula matiko man'wana ya tiko-nkulu leri. Ntsengo wa vaaka tiko va tiko-nkulu leri wu kumbeteriwa kwalomu ka 740 wa timiliyoni.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ World Populations Prospects, the 2015 RevisionS]&quot;. United Nations - Department of Economic and Social Affairs - Population Division.&lt;/ref&gt; Ntshamelo ma xelo wa tiko-nkulu leri ma hlohloteriwa hi lwandle ra Atlanthika, laha tinguva ti cincacincaka kutlurisa mpimo, ngopfungopfu ekusuhi na ribuwa ra lwandle leri.

Tiko ra Griki ra khale rivoniwa tani hi xihlovo xa nhluvuko wale vupela dyambu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Kim Covert|title=Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVMYJNvUiYkC&amp;pg=PP5|date=1 July 2011|publisher=Capstone|isbn=978-1-4296-6831-6|page=5|quote=Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization. ... Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchesne2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Ricardo Duchesne|title=The Uniqueness of Western Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWmDPzPo0XAC&amp;pg=PA297|date=7 February 2011|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-19248-4|page=297|quote=The list of books which have celebrated Greece as the “cradle” of the West is endless; two more examples are Charles Freeman's The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World (1999) and Bruce Thornton's Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization (2000)}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona endzaku ka mfumo wa xigriki, ku landzerile mfumo wa ma Rhoma, ivi kulandzela nguva ya mpfuxelelo na Rivoningo eka tiko nkulu leri. Kusukela eka nguva ya kutsumbula, ku hlanganisa na nguva ya tinkomponi, Yuropa yi rhangerile matiko ya misava eka minhluvuko yo tala. exikarhi ka malembe xidzana ya 16 kuya eka 20, Tihulumendhe ta matiko ya Yuropa, ti lawule matiko ya [[Amerikha wa le N'walungu]] na le [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|Dzongeni]], matiko ya [[Afrika]] hi kutala, Oxeniya na matiko yo tala ya le Axiya.

Kusunguriwa ka nguva wa tinkomponi, luku sunguleke e tikweni ra [[Brithani]] eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu 18, kutisile nhluvuko lowukulu eka timhaka ta ikhonomi, ndzhavuko, na mahanyele ya vanhu. Hivumbirhi bya Tinyimpi ta misava, ti lweriwile etikweni-nkulu leri, naswona tihoxe xandla eku hungutekeni ka matimba ya tiko-nkulu leri emisaveni, naswona rihambukela matiko ya [[Amerikha]] na [[Rhaxiya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;natgeo 534&quot;&gt;National Geographic, 534.&lt;/ref&gt; Hi nguva wa [[Nyimpi yo titimela]], Yuropa ayi tsemiwe exikarhi ka [[NATO]] evupela dyambu na [[Xipfumelelwano xa Warsaw]] evuxeni, kufikela eka nguva ya [[Kulwela Ntshuxeko ka malembe ya 1989]] na [[Khumbi ra Berlin|Kuwisiwa ka khumbi ra Berlin]].

Hilembe ra 1955, Huvo ya Yuropa yi simekiwile endzaku ka nkulumo ya Nkul, [[Winston Churchill]], leswaku yihlanganisa Yuropa eka tipakani leti  fanaka. Huvo leyi yihlanganise matiko hinkwawo ya tiko-nkulu leri, handle ka [[Belarus]], [[Kazakhstan]] na [[Dorobha ra Vatikhani]]. Kuhlanganisiwa ka matiko man'wana eka huvo leyi ku tise ku simekiwa ka [[Nhlangano wa Matiko ya Yuropa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ies.ee/iesp/No11/articles/03_Gabriel_Hazak.pdf|title=The European union—a federation or a confederation?|publisher=|accessdate=4 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mali leyi tirhisiwaka etikweni-nkulu leri yi vuriwa Yuro.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa| ]]
[[Category:Ntivo-mbangu]]
[[Category:Matiko-nkulu]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Tiko</title>
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        <id>97</id>
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      <comment>New page: This is a page for adding all articles about countries.</comment>
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    <title>Wikipedia:Administrator canidates</title>
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    <redirect title="Wikipedia:Administrators" />
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      <comment>[[Wikipedia:Administrator canidates]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Administrators]]: Proper title</comment>
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      <text bytes="38" sha1="pd324cd5xmzd431eclpquyb2m5zv6w2" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Administrators]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4280" sha1="9rar1exefsfad63ajw97b6b3lpsoynd" xml:space="preserve">== Pages locked from recreation ==
&lt;small&gt;1.3

: [en] '''Administrators:''' add a new line here to stop pages being created 
: [es] '''Administradores:''' añadan una nueva línea para evitar que una página vuelva a ser creada
: [nl] '''Beheerders:''' voeg hier een nieuwe regel toe om het aanmaken van pagina's te voorkomen
: [it] '''Amministratori:''' aggiungete una riga qui per impedire la creazione di altre pagine
: [de] '''Administratoren:''' hier eine neue Zeile hinzufügen, um das Neueinstellen einer Seite zu verhindern
:[ms] '''Penyelia:''' sila tambah baris baru untuk menghalang laman tersebut dicipta &lt;small&gt;(Jika sudah mempunyai laman ini dengan tajuk berbeza, sila alihkannya ke sini)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/small&gt;
====bot entries ====

* {{:*}}
* {{:Can not be against traditional law}}
* {{:divergent money}}
* {{:divergent money and power}}
* {{:divergent moneyaction}}
* {{:eu american japon language friendship}}
* {{:english usa divergent friendship}}
* {{:get europe and usa science kind}}
* {{:Get power and money divergent}}
* {{:get science kind}}
* {{:survival of all human up to divergent}}
* {{:National science2}}
* {{:National science3}}
* {{:National science4}}
* {{:National science5}}
* {{:National science6}}

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** Inserting false information
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** Inserting nonsense/gibberish into pages
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[[Image:Pendiente-traducir.png|50px|left]]&lt;small&gt;
''''''Tluka leri ri lava ku hlakarherisiwa no antswisiwa''' 
'''Pfuneta eka tluka leri hi ku hundzuluxa kusuka eka Xinghezi: [{{{1}}} Tluka leri eka Wikipediya ya Xinghezi]. Hi khensa mpfuno wa wena ku hlakarherisa matluka lawa ya Xitsonga.'''
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&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Candidates for Translation]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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*Η σελίδα βοήθειας θα είναι πρώτιστα στα αγγλικά

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*Страница помощи находится главным образом на английском языке

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*La página de ayuda estará sobre todo en inglés

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*La page d'aide sera principalement en anglais

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See the English Wikipedia article on Tsonga or the Tsonga Wiktionary for help with Tsonga. For editing see the English page
==Numbers==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Tsonga
! English
|-
| Nwe
| one
|-
| Mbirhi
| two
|-
| Nharhu
| three
|-
| Mune
| four
|-
| Ntlhanu
| five
|-
| Ntsevu
| six
|-
| Nkombo
| seven
|-
| Nhungu
| eight
|-
| Nkaye
| nine
|-
| Khume
| ten
|-
| Khume na n'we / Khume-n'we
| eleven
|-
| Khume na mbirhi / Khume-mbirhi
| twelve
|-
| Khume na nharhu / Khume-nharhu
| thirteen
|-
| Makhume mambhirhi / Makume-mbirhi
| twenty
|-
| Makhume manharhu / Makume-nharhu 
| thirty
|-
| Mune wa makhume 
| forty
|-
| Tlhanu wa makhume 
| fifty
|-
| Dzana
| hundred
|-
| Gidi
| thousand
|}</text>
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    <title>MediaWiki:Youremail/en</title>
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      <text bytes="65" sha1="a7t3lff44wd7yajijkrpbjhg6vmhx4l" xml:space="preserve">E ndhau leyinga le [[Soweto]] la ku ngava ni [[Soweto uprising]].</text>
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      <text bytes="287" sha1="chr8lajh0ld776hrokqp76xppmo2uv4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Limpopo in South Africa.svg|thumb|250px|Limpopo]]
'''Limpopo''' i xifundzha lexikulu laha tikweni ra [[Afrika-Dzonga]]. i xifundzha lexi xi nga tala hi vurimi. Limpopo i ndhawu leyi ku hisaka ngop;fu hi nkarhi wa ximumu hambi loko kuri nguva ya xixika.

[[Category:Afrika-Dzonga]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6103" sha1="skjelvttgm7aer2spb85vfp947om3ay" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga
|mujeko             = Flag of South Africa.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg
|image              = [[File:LocationSouthAfrica.png|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Pretoria
|official_languages = [[Xitsonga]]
|area               = 1 219 912
|population         = 54 956 900
|year               = 2015
|density         = 40,4
}}
'''Riphabliki ya Afrika-Dzonga''' (leyi tiviwaka hi mavito-ximfumo man'wana) i tiko leri nge Dzongeni ra tikonkulu [[Afrika]]. Ribuwa ra Afrika-Dzonga ri fikela kwalomu ka 2798 km
&lt;ref name=&quot;samsa-main&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.samsa.org.za/|title=South African Maritime Safety Authority|publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority|accessdate=2008-06-16|archive-date=2008-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511165346/http://www.samsa.org.za/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;cia-factbook-coastlines&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|title=World Factbook - Coastline|publisher=[[CIA]]|accessdate=2008-06-16|archive-date=2017-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
hi kuleha naswona ri hambanisa malwandle ya Atlantic na Indian Ocean.
&lt;ref name=safacts&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|title = South Africa Fast Facts|publisher = SouthAfrica.info|date = April 2007|accessdate = 2008-06-14|archive-date = 2008-07-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|dead-url = yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Kuya en'walungu wa Afrika-Dzonga laha ku nga na; [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambique|Mozambhiki]] na [[Swaziland]], kasi [[Lesotho|Mfumo wa Lesotho]] i tiko leri ti yimeleka leri rhendzeriweke hi Afrika-Dzonga. Tiko ra Afrika-Dzonga ri na swifundza swa nkaye kunga: [[Limpopo]]; [[Mpumalanga]]; [[Gauteng]]; [[N'walungu-Vupela dyambu]]; [[Kapa-N'walungu]]; [[Kapa-Vupela dyambu]]; [[Kapa-Vuxa dyambu]]; [[Kwazulu Natala]] na [[Frestata]].
&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-lesotho&quot;&gt;
{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO |title=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Vanhu va ake e Afrika-Dzonga ku ringana kwalomu ka malembe ya dzana ra magidi yamalembe (100,000).
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/history.htm|title = A Short History of South Africa|accessdate = 2008-06-14|publisher = SouthAfrica.info|archive-date = 2008-05-17|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080517150006/http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/history.htm|dead-url = yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Hambiswiritano, ku thumbhiwa ka ntila wa le lwandle lowu hundzaka hi le Kapa, nkomponi ya Madachi na le vuxeni bya [[Indiya]] ma akile xitichi xo wisa endzhawini leyi nga hetelela yi vitiwa Kapa (Cape Town) hi lembe ra 1652.
&lt;ref name=&quot;wcupa-courses&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-19saf.htm |title=African History Timeline |publisher=West Chester University of Pennsylvania |access-date=2008-09-01 |archive-date=2009-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107070748/https://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-19saf.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Kapa rivile e hansi ka vukolonyi bya manghezi hi lembe ra 1806. Vu vutla-tiko by matiko ya yuropa byi sungule ku ndlandlamuka kwalomu ka malembe ya 1820 loko Mabunu
&lt;ref&gt;
'''In English''':The Boers, lava akuri Madachi(Dutch people), Majarimani(German people) na Mafurhwa(French people)
&lt;/ref&gt; 
na manghezi Vavutli va 1820 va koxa tiko ra le nwalungu na le vuxa-dyambu by tiko. Mikwetlembetano e xikarhi ka vaakatiko vosungula, maXhosa na maZulu, na va vutla-tiko va yuropa hi loko yi sungula.

Hambiswiritano ku thumbhiwa, ka dayimani endzhaku nsuku hiswona leswi sunguleke nyimpi ya mabunu na manghezi laha va lweleke ku lawula mfuwo wa swi celwa swa tiko ra Afrika-Dzonga. Hambileswi mabunu ma hluriweke, Afrika-Dzonga yi kumile vutiyimeri byo ringanisela e hansi ka Britaniya hi lembe ra 1910. Mafambisele ya mfumo lawa ama ala manghezi, ma tiyisise vonele ra ku ti yimela loku heleleke loku fikeleriweke hi lembe ra 1961 loko '''Afrika-Dzonga yi endliwa Rhiphabliki'''. Ntlawa lowu rhangeleke wa National Party wu yimise nawu wo yisa emahlweni ku hlawula hi rixaka lowu sunguriweke hi ma Dachi (lowu tiviweke hi ra ''apartheid''), e henhla ka nkaneto lowu veke kona endzeni na le handle ka tiko. Hilembe ra 1990 phresidenti ya nkarhi wolowo F.W. de Klerk yi sungule ku herisa nawu lowu, naswona hi lembe ra 1994 nhlawulo wo sungula wa xi Demokrasi wu endliwile e Afrika-Dzonga. Nhlawulo wolowo wu nyikile [[Nelson Mandela]] na ntlawa lowu fumaka, wa [[African National Congress]] (ANC) matimba yo fuma.

Afrika-Dzonga yi tiveka hi ku hambana-hambana ka tinxaka, tindzimi ta khume-nwe ta ximfumo leti tivekaka na [[nawu nkulu wa tiko]].
&lt;ref name=&quot;safacts&quot; /&gt; 
Xinghezi xi vulavuriwa ngopfu eAfrika-Dzonga eka timhaka ta ximfumo na mabinzu, hambiswiri tano i ririmi ra vunthlanu leri vulavuriwaka e mindyangwini.
&lt;ref name=&quot;safacts&quot; /&gt; 
Afrika -Dzonga ri ni ku hambanahambana ka tinxaka, laha ku nga ni miganga yo tala ya vanhu va nhlonge ya [[Vantima va Afrika-Dzonga|ntima]], yo [[Vanhu vo Basa va Afrika-Dzonga|Basa]], [[Makula va Afrika-Dzonga|Makula]], na [[Makhaladi]] eAfrika hinkwayo. Hambi leswi kwalomu ka 79.6 wa tiphesete ta nthsungu xa vanhu eAfrika-Dzonga kunga vanhu va ntima, exikarhi ka lembe ra 2015, nstengo wa xitshungu xa Afrika-Dzonga a wuri kwalomu ka 54.9&amp;nbsp;wa&amp;nbsp;timilliyoni.

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* [[Portal:Africa|Nyangwa-nkulu wa Afrika]]
* [http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/coa/tsonga.htm Tluka ra Hulumende wa Afrika-Dzonga Hi Xitsonga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203120752/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/coa/tsonga.htm |date=2008-12-03 }}

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Commons}}
{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika-Dzonga]]
[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>skjelvttgm7aer2spb85vfp947om3ay</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Capi ya misava hi lembe ra 2010</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2079</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5392</id>
      <timestamp>2007-11-10T10:15:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comfort~tswiki</username>
        <id>103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Capi leyi, yi endla leswaku tiku ra hina [[economy]] ya hina yi tlakuka ku ringana na matiko ya n'wana.</comment>
      <origin>5392</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="103" sha1="fum98e29xet9fxhrqff31q4sl4908es" xml:space="preserve">Capi leyi, yi endla leswaku tiku ra hina [[economy]] ya hina yi tlakuka ku ringana na matiko ya n'wana.</text>
      <sha1>fum98e29xet9fxhrqff31q4sl4908es</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Economy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2080</id>
    <redirect title="Tidyondzo ta ikhonomi" />
    <revision>
      <id>34108</id>
      <parentid>34107</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-07T07:55:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[Ikhonomi]] to [[Tidyondzo ta ikhonomi]]</comment>
      <origin>34108</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="3wnv2q6k13nev5irir6ub5loua6mp78" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Tidyondzo ta ikhonomi]]</text>
      <sha1>3wnv2q6k13nev5irir6ub5loua6mp78</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Africa-Dzonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2085</id>
    <redirect title="Afrika-Dzonga" />
    <revision>
      <id>5408</id>
      <timestamp>2007-11-12T21:32:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Z~tswiki</username>
        <id>97</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Africa-Dzonga]] moved to [[Afrika-Dzonga]]: title</comment>
      <origin>5408</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="qnon6fyc6iefei472xx1bxga9w0geh7" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Afrika-Dzonga]]</text>
      <sha1>qnon6fyc6iefei472xx1bxga9w0geh7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>True Jesus Church</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2087</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37000</id>
      <parentid>25277</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-23T19:03:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>True Jesus Church hi lembe ra 2007</comment>
      <origin>37000</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="809" sha1="t9yjy3wyhwoginwy960fqzszxeml0r4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:TJC-liaison-office.jpg|right|thumb|300px|True Jesus Church hi lembe ra 2007]]
Kereke ya &quot;'''True Jesus Church'''&quot; i kekere leyi yi ti yimeleke hi yoxe.Yi sunguriwile e tikweni ra Beijing e [[China]] hi [[1917]].
Namuntla ku na ti kereke to tlula 2.5 million hi ti membara eka matiko ya 45 nati kontinente ta 6. 
Kereke leyi yi huma ka kereke ya ma [[pentekosta]] ya khale. ku sukela hi [[1997]] kereke leyi yi sunguriwile laha [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]]. 
Xikongomelo xa yona iku chumayela evangeli eka misava hinkwayo, Yesu agase vuya ra vu mbirhi. Kereke leyi yo tshembela ngopfu ka swilo leswi swa khume

# [[Moya wo kwetsima]]
# [[Ku Khuvuriwa]]
# Ku hlantswa ka milenge
# Xi lalelo
# Siku ra Savata
# [[Yesu Kreste]]
# [[Bibele yo kwetsima]]
# Ku ponisiwa
# [[Kereke]]
# Siku ra ku avanyisiwa</text>
      <sha1>t9yjy3wyhwoginwy960fqzszxeml0r4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Administrators</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32285</id>
      <parentid>32278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-11T09:05:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Wikipedia:Administrators]]&quot; ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>32278</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="161" sha1="gk6myyrmfnj70l7eetkbgtdf2jl5ddd" xml:space="preserve">==Current Administrators==

# [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]
# [[User:Dr. Sroy|Dr. Sroy]]

== Candidates for Admin Rights ==

{{Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights}}</text>
      <sha1>gk6myyrmfnj70l7eetkbgtdf2jl5ddd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Algeriya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2096</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39725</id>
      <parentid>37623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-09-14T15:52:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassimdz03</username>
        <id>11820</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39725</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="890" sha1="ihc4723u08hsa8nya2h7acribd03dj9" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Algeriya'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:National Emblem of Algeria (bronze effect).svg|100px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Algeria|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Algeria|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: بالشّعب وللشّعب ''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Algeria (orthographic projection).svg|300px]]
|}
'''Algeriya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Angola</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2097</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36990</id>
      <parentid>32411</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-23T16:59:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>36990</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="885" sha1="bnrz0hlktzsv4zefh7fu8o5p27vf2i5" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''República de Angola&lt;br /&gt;Repubilika ya Ngola'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Angola.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem of Angola.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Angola|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Angola|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Virtus Unita Fortior''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Angola (orthographic projection).svg|300px]]
|}
'''Angola''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>bnrz0hlktzsv4zefh7fu8o5p27vf2i5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Benin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2098</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36991</id>
      <parentid>31177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-23T17:00:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>36991</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="849" sha1="axx5avmn6jyq77nlfba3v6h0ed8iqm3" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République du Bénin '''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Benin.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Benin|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Benin|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Fraternité, Justice, Travail''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Benin in its region.svg]]
|}
'''Benin''' i tiko ra Afrika.

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Botswana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36992</id>
      <parentid>35287</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-23T17:00:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>36992</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="860" sha1="qorizpwvsgkufn8op8hhvpzcofrc83b" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Botswana'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Botswana.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Botswana.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Botswana|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Botswana|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Pula''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Botswana (orthographic projection).svg|300px]]
|}
'''Botswana''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].
{{Afrika}}
{{Commons}}
[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>qorizpwvsgkufn8op8hhvpzcofrc83b</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Burkina Faso</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2100</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36993</id>
      <parentid>25650</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-23T17:01:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>36993</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="883" sha1="of3jbailqc46gs5qj09imh6e9vleh0i" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Burkina Faso'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Burkina Faso|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Burkina Faso|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Ubumwe, Ibikorwa, Iterambere''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationBurkinaFaso.svg|300px]]
|}
'''Burkina Faso''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>of3jbailqc46gs5qj09imh6e9vleh0i</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Burundi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2101</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35282</id>
      <parentid>31178</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-06-10T01:45:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>193.57.120.87</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35282</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="859" sha1="iqswt2yjh9x3dsodjq8zv7jem0k6o5z" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republika y'Uburundi'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of Burundi.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Burundi|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Burundi|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Unité, Travail, Progrès''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Burundi in its region.svg]]
|}
'''Burundi''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>iqswt2yjh9x3dsodjq8zv7jem0k6o5z</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cameroon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38543</id>
      <parentid>38542</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-22T04:34:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aquino100</username>
        <id>10818</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>38543</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1316" sha1="afw0ftdzky7frkjjdqzykkf45iyz21t" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République du Cameroun&lt;br /&gt;Republic of Cameroon'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Cameroon.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Cameroon|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Cameroon|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Paix – Travail – Patrie''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationCameroon.svg|300px]]
|}
'''Cameroon''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]

== Ntivo-vutomi bya rito ==

Eku sunguleni, Cameroon a ku ri [[exonym]] leyi nyikeriweke hi Maputukezi eka Nambu wa Wouri, lowu a va wu vitana {{Lang|pt|Rio dos Camarões}} leswi vulaka ‘nambu wa ti- shrimp ’ kumbe ‘nambu wa ti- shrimp’, leswi kombetelaka eka ti- ghost shrimp ta le Cameroon leti a ti tele hi nkarhi wolowo .   Namuntlha vito ra tiko leri hi [[Xiputukezi]] ri tshama ri {{Lang|pt|Camarões}} .</text>
      <sha1>afw0ftdzky7frkjjdqzykkf45iyz21t</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cape Verde</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2103</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36994</id>
      <parentid>27237</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-23T17:02:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>36994</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="877" sha1="i2i9nmsj8v7xp3sahom16mnpzvah229" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''República de Cabo Verde'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of Cape Verde.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Cape Verde|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Cape Verde|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Unidade, Trabalho, Progresso''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationCapeVerde.png]]
|}
'''Cape Verde''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>i2i9nmsj8v7xp3sahom16mnpzvah229</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Chad</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2104</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25287</id>
      <parentid>25042</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T16:48:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 176 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q657]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25287</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="888" sha1="mgziyr9a5v8novlbe6iu16fiajmnv87" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République du Tchad&lt;br /&gt;جمهورية تشاد'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Chad.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Chad.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Chad|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Chad|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Unité, travail, progrés''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Chad (orthographic projection).svg|300px]]
|}
'''Chad''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>mgziyr9a5v8novlbe6iu16fiajmnv87</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Djibouti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32514</id>
      <parentid>27242</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-30T13:52:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Coat_of_arms_of_Djibouti.svg with [[File:Emblem_of_Djibouti.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
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      <text bytes="861" sha1="9chty078gbn1ap0ejl6967gju0he6i7" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République de Djibouti'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem of Djibouti.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Djibouti|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Djibouti|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Unité, Égalité, Paix''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationDjibouti.png|300px]]
|}

'''Djibouti''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>9chty078gbn1ap0ejl6967gju0he6i7</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Gibita</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35201</id>
      <parentid>29211</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-05-12T19:24:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ji-Elle</username>
        <id>4211</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+pict.</comment>
      <origin>35201</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="982" sha1="ewrcxmp78v1854gvr3iah0rvpxht603" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_(Official).svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Egypt|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Egypt|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:EGY orthographic.svg|300px]]
|}
[[File:A horse and rider touring the pyramids of Giza, in Cairo Egypt.jpg|thumb|left|Gibita]]
'''Gibita''' i tiko ra Afrika.

[[File:Egypt in its region (undisputed).svg|300px||thumb]]

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gineya ya le Nkaveni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2107</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28013</id>
      <parentid>27957</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-02T10:46:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>217.33.27.53</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>28013</origin>
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      <text bytes="510" sha1="h7ot2261oyqotu0jhgdrx0yqpcbvwk5" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Gineya ya le Nkaveni&lt;br/&gt;''Guinea Ecuatorial''
|mujeko             = Flag_of Equatorial Guinea.svg
|coa                = Coat_of_arms_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg
|image              = [[File:GNQ orthographic.svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Malabo
|official_languages = [[Xipaniya]]
|area               = 28 051
|population         = 1 222 442
|year               = 2014
|density            = 43,57
}}
'''Gineya ya le Nkaveni''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>h7ot2261oyqotu0jhgdrx0yqpcbvwk5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eritreya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2108</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27243</id>
      <parentid>25576</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T17:09:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27243</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="825" sha1="i8fczly8lzrpdp8jinu4cz0ddrnml3t" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''ሃገረ ኤርትራ'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Eritrea.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem_of_Eritrea_(or_argent_azur).svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Eritrea|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Eritrea|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationEritrea.png|300px]]
|}

'''Eritreya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>i8fczly8lzrpdp8jinu4cz0ddrnml3t</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Topiya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2109</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27272</id>
      <parentid>25292</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T18:17:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27272</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="869" sha1="dxk6g0arpz79v5o3ou7qvzfsqtp2n4h" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Ethiopia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ethiopia.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Topiya|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Topiya|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Ethiopia in its region.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Topiya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>dxk6g0arpz79v5o3ou7qvzfsqtp2n4h</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gaboni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2110</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37698</id>
      <parentid>36320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-10-09T21:32:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MARCO 1200</username>
        <id>9932</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>37698</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="795" sha1="2hdnjg4qutu5mobzqa1ydu6s4e7o1nw" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République gabonaise'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Gabon.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Gaboni|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Gaboni|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''Union, travail, justice''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationGabon.png|300px]]
|}

'''Gabon'''

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>2hdnjg4qutu5mobzqa1ydu6s4e7o1nw</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Gambiya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2111</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27245</id>
      <parentid>27017</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T17:13:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27245</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="818" sha1="kb8nrnuc3x94oegp5cs5fgxlvhgj0kb" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of The Gambia'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of The Gambia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of The Gambia.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Gambiya|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Gambiya|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationGambia.png|300px]]
|}

'''Gambiya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>kb8nrnuc3x94oegp5cs5fgxlvhgj0kb</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ghana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2112</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28928</id>
      <parentid>28927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-01-09T14:42:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tulsi</username>
        <id>4267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 28927 by [[Special:Contributions/Mvirus0|Mvirus0]] ([[User talk:Mvirus0|talk]])</comment>
      <origin>28928</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Ghana'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Ghana.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Ghana|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Ghana|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Freedom and Justice''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|300px]]
|}

'''Ghana''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>cmd6qly4jyahscxwi17dd7tkwobxc5t</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tunisia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2113</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36168</id>
      <parentid>27273</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-07-26T11:39:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2A01:E0A:26:3D0:E884:4AAD:A564:BAD</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="833" sha1="pgkl964m4xsxxk99byp6u9puth1ovtn" xml:space="preserve">
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''الجمهورية التونسية'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Tunisia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tunisia.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Tunisia|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Tunisia|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Tunisia in its region.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Tunisia''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>pgkl964m4xsxxk99byp6u9puth1ovtn</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uganda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2114</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27274</id>
      <parentid>25297</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T18:19:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27274</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="803" sha1="etd1ma5x86xsr7t2be0pnpajwp1txjs" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of Uganda'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Uganda.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Uganda|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Uganda|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationUganda.png|300px]]
|}

'''Uganda''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>etd1ma5x86xsr7t2be0pnpajwp1txjs</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Zambiya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2115</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38708</id>
      <parentid>36059</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-30T04:44:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aquino101</username>
        <id>10870</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;See also&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1242890595|Zambia]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>38708</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of Zambia'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Zambia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Zambia.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Zambia|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Zambia|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationZambia.png|300px]]
|}

'''Zambiya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]

== Nakambe vona ==

* [[Index of Zambia-related articles|Index ya swihloko leswi fambelanaka na Zambia]]
* [[Outline of Zambia|Xivumbeko xa Zambia]]</text>
      <sha1>29jgyjlwsisivkg58aa90d472hd6vo4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Gineya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2116</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39182</id>
      <parentid>39179</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-20T17:16:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BlackShadoww</username>
        <id>11192</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>39182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Gineya'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Guinea.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Guinea crest01.png|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Guinea|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Guinea|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Travail - Justice - Solidarité''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationGuinea.svg|300px]]
|}
[[File:Guinea sat.png|thumb]]

'''Gineya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>k9nt27x9p0ms6pwann5ie5yobcxgxwi</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Khenya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2117</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29845</id>
      <parentid>28962</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-08-01T14:16:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Kenya]] to [[Khenya]]: Corrected spelling</comment>
      <origin>29845</origin>
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      <text bytes="822" sha1="2jwss2rw5c9jcrtxxhlmzmtop4cz586" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Jamhuri ya Kenya'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Kenya.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Alternate Coat of arms of Kenya.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Kenya|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Kenya|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Kenya in its region (de-facto).svg|300px]]
|}

'''Kenya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>2jwss2rw5c9jcrtxxhlmzmtop4cz586</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lesotho</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2118</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36714</id>
      <parentid>36710</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-20T17:36:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Teeteeforlife</username>
        <id>8866</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added content</comment>
      <origin>36714</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Muso oa Lesotho'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Lesotho.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Lesotho.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Lesotho|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Lesotho|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationLesotho.png|300px]]
|}

'''Lesotho''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]]. Leri kumekaka exikhari ka [[Afrika dzonga]] . 

{{Afrika}}
{{Commons}}
[[Category:Afrika]]


[http://www.schluesseldienst-mueller.de/ Schlüsseldienst Neuss]</text>
      <sha1>1bjtmfdgcmmoi21wi4hasz49eo01bcv</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Layiberiya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2119</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27251</id>
      <parentid>25303</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T17:48:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27251</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="819" sha1="qq3u57env6i6v444w7ig7onjt9duh6t" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of Liberia'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Liberia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Liberia.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Layiberiya|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Layiberiya|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationLiberia.png|300px]]
|}

'''Layiberiya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>qq3u57env6i6v444w7ig7onjt9duh6t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Libiya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2120</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27252</id>
      <parentid>25304</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T17:49:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27252</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="821" sha1="pjpswdt0ntcneujjnztz71pw4d2lce5" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''دولة ليبيا'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Libya.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:The_emblem_on_the_passport_of_Libya.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Libiya|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Libiya|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Libya in its region.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Libiya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>pjpswdt0ntcneujjnztz71pw4d2lce5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Madagascar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2121</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37159</id>
      <parentid>27253</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-03-04T07:16:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Farhan Okarvi</username>
        <id>9409</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37159</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="836" sha1="clc3p9fuzd7zhyog2z89j4frk5ivfpz" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Repoblikan'i Madagasikara'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Madagascar.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Seal_of_Madagascar.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Madagascar|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Madagascar|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationMadagascar.png|300px]]
|}

'''Madagascar''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].
{{Commons}}{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>clc3p9fuzd7zhyog2z89j4frk5ivfpz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Malawi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2122</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36823</id>
      <parentid>35305</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-11-19T15:41:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rkt2312</username>
        <id>9141</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36823</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="802" sha1="t7jgjrxjjdl0pzrennk2417h1hy71pw" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of Malawi'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Malawi.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Malawi.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Malawi|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Malawi|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationMalawi.png|300px]]
|}
'''Malawi''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>t7jgjrxjjdl0pzrennk2417h1hy71pw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mali (Tiko)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35468</id>
      <parentid>28504</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-09-28T22:58:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>185.228.228.167</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35468</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="791" sha1="4byxlqadc6dkwuqtu84b7ibm7d5p3r1" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République du Mali'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Mali.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Mali.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Mali|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Mali|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationMali.png|300px]]
|}
'''Mali''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>4byxlqadc6dkwuqtu84b7ibm7d5p3r1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maritana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30005</id>
      <parentid>30004</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-08-08T17:48:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fry1989</username>
        <id>2398</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>File renamed. ([[Commons:Commons:GlobalReplace|GlobalReplace v0.6.5]])</comment>
      <origin>30005</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="855" sha1="1qsadwxfar4m2q9buuqvl0s6r7ebbt3" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Seal of Mauritania.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Maritana|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Maritana|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationMauritania.png|300px]]
|}

'''Maritana''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>1qsadwxfar4m2q9buuqvl0s6r7ebbt3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mauritius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27257</id>
      <parentid>25309</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T17:56:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27257</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="825" sha1="8i2vbxecn3mxura5lgig1f1akhovjcp" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République de Maurice'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Mauritius.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Mauritius|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Mauritius|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationMauritius.png|300px]]
|}

'''Mauritius''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>8i2vbxecn3mxura5lgig1f1akhovjcp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Morokho</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36151</id>
      <parentid>36148</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-06-19T03:50:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>1496</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/105.155.143.125|105.155.143.125]] ([[User talk:105.155.143.125|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Flaspec|Flaspec]]</comment>
      <origin>35927</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="808" sha1="qjv2a91qmlaajozx4wjq2mx0wsnu2vc" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Royaume du Maroc'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Morocco.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Morocco|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Morocco|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:MAR orthographic.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Morocco''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>qjv2a91qmlaajozx4wjq2mx0wsnu2vc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Namibiya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2127</id>
    <redirect title="Namibia" />
    <revision>
      <id>23302</id>
      <parentid>22315</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-09-04T15:38:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vargenau</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Namibia]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="21" sha1="qbhl2lhbuocspxexk1ayix04orpiv46" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Namibia]]</text>
      <sha1>qbhl2lhbuocspxexk1ayix04orpiv46</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Niger</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2128</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36046</id>
      <parentid>27260</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-03-02T21:24:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>196.177.98.179</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36046</origin>
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      <text bytes="798" sha1="86b8mrl7b91ealmhd1hfdr4voed2ldw" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République du Niger'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Niger.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Niger.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Niger|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Niger|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationNiger.png|300px]]
|}
'''Niger''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>86b8mrl7b91ealmhd1hfdr4voed2ldw</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nayjeriya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2129</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29842</id>
      <parentid>28191</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-08-01T14:15:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Nayojeriya]] to [[Nayjeriya]]: Corrected spelling</comment>
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      <text bytes="817" sha1="e1lzc8ojveq17snfomtci07ygom130u" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Federal Republic of Nigeria'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Nigeria.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Nigeria|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Nigeria|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationNigeria.png|300px]]
|}

'''Nayojeriya''' i tiko ra Afrika.

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>e1lzc8ojveq17snfomtci07ygom130u</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rwanda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27263</id>
      <parentid>26738</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T18:04:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27263</origin>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République du Rwanda'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Rwanda.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Rwanda|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Rwanda|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationRwanda.png|300px]]
|}

'''Rwanda''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].


{{Commons|Category:Rwanda}}

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>1tk2xck4upi35pbbpia82h4ez521i4t</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Senegal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2131</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27264</id>
      <parentid>25314</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T18:05:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27264</origin>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Sénégal'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Senegal.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Senegal.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Senegal|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Senegal|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationRwanda.png|300px]]
|}

'''Senegal''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>5lu6nvzyie3eip71erwn8mjdckxki4l</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Seychelles</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2132</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25315</id>
      <parentid>24765</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T17:32:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 154 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1042]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Seychelles'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Republic of Seychelles.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Seychelles|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Seychelles|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Finis Coronat Opus''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationSeychelles.png]]
|}

'''Seychelles''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>o74n6ohs8gdu3wcwz70ndvw4wxdsy6v</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Siyera Liyona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2133</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27265</id>
      <parentid>25654</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T18:07:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27265</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="847" sha1="8w51qp6j403qqi4w3aln7p6ta61k05c" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of Sierra Leone'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Sierra Leone.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Siyera Liyona|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Siyera Liyona|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationSierraLeone.png|300px]]
|}

'''Siyera Liyona''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>8w51qp6j403qqi4w3aln7p6ta61k05c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Somalia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33167</id>
      <parentid>33159</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-13T13:07:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>3482</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.105.165.134|103.105.165.134]] ([[User talk:103.105.165.134|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Jonathan1|Jonathan1]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="826" sha1="27il1tbu6n5hamfhq69ixcpj8s41f0c" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Somalia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Somalia|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Somalia|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationSierraLeone.png|300px]]
|}

'''Somalia''' i tiko ra Afrika.

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>27il1tbu6n5hamfhq69ixcpj8s41f0c</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sudan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27268</id>
      <parentid>25953</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T18:11:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27268</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="818" sha1="kmwndv54idq7o6lejy521g5qhr4m7pm" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''جمهورية السودان'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Sudan.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem of Sudan.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Sudan|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Sudan|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Sudan in its region (claimed).svg|300px]]
|}

'''Sudan''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>kmwndv54idq7o6lejy521g5qhr4m7pm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ESwatini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2136</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38517</id>
      <parentid>37598</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-21T12:11:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aquino100</username>
        <id>10818</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Quốc hiệu&quot; from the page &quot;[[:vi:Special:Redirect/revision/71481338|Eswatini]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1338" sha1="goexgyfzrud493j994t0g3lzx7235uy" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Umbuso we Swatini'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Eswatini.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Swaziland.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Swaziland|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Swaziland|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Location Eswatini.png|300px]]
|}

'''Eswatini''' (until April 2018: ''Swaziland'') i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}
{{Commons}}
[[Category:Afrika]]

== Xifaniso xa rixaka ==

Hi ti 19 Hukuri 2018, Hosi Mswati wa Vunharhu u tivise ku cinciwa ka vito ra Mfumo wa Swaziland ku va Mfumo wa Eswatini, hi nkarhi wa... ku tsundzuka malembe ya 50 ya ntshunxeko wa eSwatini.    Vito lerintshwa ra Eswatini ri vula &quot;tiko ra vanhu va Swazi&quot; hi [[Xiswazi]] . Hi ku ya hi njhekanjhekisano wa hosi Mswati wa Vunharhu, vito ra khale ra &quot;Swaziland&quot; ri pfilunganyeka hi ku olova na &quot;Switzerland&quot; - vito ra [[Xinghezi]] ra [[Switzerland]] .</text>
      <sha1>goexgyfzrud493j994t0g3lzx7235uy</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tanzania</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27270</id>
      <parentid>25320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T18:14:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27270</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="834" sha1="5oj2br9vjh0941v6i9r8ofovpkakyee" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Tanzania.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tanzania.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Tanzania|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Tanzania|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Tanzania in its region.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Tanzania''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>5oj2br9vjh0941v6i9r8ofovpkakyee</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Togo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38679</id>
      <parentid>32513</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-28T01:18:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_Togo.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Togo_(3-2).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: 3-2 aspect ratio is more accurate than &quot;golden ratio&quot;.  See [[:c::en:Talk:Flag of Togo#Truly_golden?|]] for more information.).</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République togolaise'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem of Togo.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Togo|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Togo|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationTogo.png|300px]]
|}

'''Togo''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Afrika-Dzonga</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2140</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25322</id>
      <parentid>24440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T17:33:49Z</timestamp>
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    <title>Khanada</title>
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      <text bytes="894" sha1="l4aa3dfyz6ws5wg6jn0dhl6p4mqmckg" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Canada'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Canada|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Canada|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]:  A mari usque ad mare ''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Location_Canada.svg|300px]]
|}
'''Khanada''' i tiko ra [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|Amerika Nwalungu]].

[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]
[[Category:Amerikha]]</text>
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    <title>Axiya</title>
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      <text bytes="7675" sha1="5huytbuy3xiyme3pcgsp8ortxkn36c2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0 0 0em 0em; width: 20em; text-align: right; padding: 0.5em 2em; font-size: 0.86em; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of floated right section --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; background: #f0f6fa; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of slate grey box --&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''Axiya'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:Asia (orthographic projection).svg|180px|Mepe wa misava lowu kombaka tiko-nkulu ra Axiya]]
&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Vundhzawu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 44,579,000km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 4 342 255 000 (2014)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntlimbano
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 99/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (260/sq mi)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Matiko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Matiko ya Axiya|48]]. [[India]]
                                        [[Russia]]}}
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Swihlalana 
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Swihlalana swa Axiya|6]]}} 
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Tindzimi
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[Tindzimi ta Axiya]] na tinwana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

'''Axiya''', i tiko-nkulu leri kulukumba emisaveni naswona leri ngana vanhu votala kutlula matiko-nkulu hinkwawo ya misava. Tiko-nkulu leri ri kumeka e n'walungu na dzonga ramisava. Axiya yi hlanganisa 44,579,000 wati skwe-khilomitara hi ku anama, naswona ri ringana ntsengo wa 30% ya misava hiku angarha. Ritiveka tani hi kaya ra vanhu vanhluvuko wo sungula wa misava naswona ritshamela kuva nanhlayo wa vanhu lavo tala himpfuka ka ku sungula ka nkarhi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The World at Six Billion|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm|publisher=UN Population Division|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042434/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm |archivedate=March 5, 2016 |deadurl=no}}, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160101220025/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf Table 2]&lt;/ref&gt; rithlela riva xihlovo xa minhluvuko ya vanhu.

Hiku angarhela, Axiya yi rhendzeriwe evuxeni hi lwandle ra Phasifiki, edzongeni hi lwandle ra Indiya, na le n'walungu hi lwandle ra Arkthiki. Ndzelakano wale vupela dyambu na Yuropa iwa matimu na [[ndzhavuko]] ntsena hikuva akuna lexi hambanisaka matikonkulu lawa hixiviri. Ndzelakano lowu amukeriwaka hivanhu votala wa matiko-nkulu lawa hilowu hoxaka Axiya evuxeni bya ndlela ya mati yale Suez, nambu wa Urali, tintshava ta Urali, na le dzongeni bya tintshava ta Khawukhasa na lwandle ra Khaspiani na lwandle ra ntima.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=National Geographic Atlas of the World|edition=7th|year=1999|location=Washington, DC|publisher=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]|isbn=978-0-7922-7528-2}} &quot;Europe&quot; (pp. 68–9); &quot;Asia&quot; (pp. 90–1): &quot;A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Chayina]] na [[Indiya]] amaphikizana ekuveni matiko lama ngana ikhonomi leyi kulu emisaveni exikarhi ka malembe ya 1 kuya eka 1800 CE. Chayina akuri tiko leringana matimba ya ikhonomi nkarhi wo leha naswona yi kokele votala ku ya evuxeni,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SRR/Volume14/nalapat.html |title=Professor M.D. Nalapat. Ensuring China's &quot;Peaceful Rise&quot;. Accessed January 22, 2016. |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110045822/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SRR/Volume14/nalapat.html |archivedate=10 January 2010 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&amp;_&amp;ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED460052&amp;ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&amp;accno=ED460052|title=Dahlman, Carl J; Aubert, Jean-Eric. China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century. WBI Development Studies. World Bank Publications. Accessed January 22, 2016.|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_PNTJQTR|title=The Real Great Leap Forward. The Economist. Sept 30, 2004|work=The Economist|access-date=2017-08-07|archive-date=2016-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227234147/http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_PNTJQTR|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://search.ft.com/ftArticle?queryText=China+the+world%E2%80%99s+largest+economy+for+18+of+the+past+20+centuries&amp;y=6&amp;aje=false&amp;x=14&amp;id=050926000484&amp;ct=0 |title=Chris Patten. ''Financial Times''. Comment &amp; Analysis: Why Europe is getting China so wrong. Accessed January 22, 2016. |access-date=August 7, 2017 |archive-date=March 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305025204/http://search.ft.com/ftArticle?queryText=China+the+world%E2%80%99s+largest+economy+for+18+of+the+past+20+centuries&amp;y=6&amp;aje=false&amp;x=14&amp;id=050926000484&amp;ct=0 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ku yakuma vufuwi na kuhumelela ka ndzhavuko wa khale ka Indiya ,&lt;ref&gt;http://www.indianscience.org/essays/22-%20E--Gems%20&amp;%20Minerals%20F.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; naswona byi kokela mabindzu ya Yuropa, kuvalanga ndzhawu na vukolonyi. Kutsunmburiwa ka Amerikha hi Kholumbasi ari karhi a lava Indiya, swi hlamusela ndlela leyi Vayuropa ava navela vufuwi bya le Axiya hayona. Gondzo ra Voya bya Silk, rive ndlela leyi tirhisiweke hi ta mabindzu kusuka e Yuropa kuya e Axiya, kasi ntila wa mati wa Malaka wuve ntila wa tamabindzu hi ku tirhisa lwandle. Axiya yi kombile kukula eka ta ikhonomi, naswona ku andza ka vanhu varona hi lembe xidzana ra vu 20, swi pfunile tamabindzu ya tiko-nkulu leri, hambi leswi ntsengo wa vaaka tiko va rona wusunguleke ku hunguteka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=http://www.economist.com/diversions/millennium/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=346605 | title=Like herrings in a barrel | journal=The Economist | date=23 December 1999 | issue=Millennium issue: Population | publisher=The ''Economist'' online, The Economist Group | access-date=7 August 2017 | archive-date=4 January 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104100155/http://www.economist.com/diversions/millennium/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=346605 | dead-url=yes }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Axiya yive nstindza wa vukhongeri byo tala bya misava ku hlanganisa na [[Vukreste]], [[Vusurumani]], Vuyuda, Vuhindu, Vubhudha, Vukhonfusiyani, Vutawo, Vujayini, Vusikhi, Vuzorowastrani, na byin'wana vukhongeri.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia| ]]
[[Category:Ntivo-mbangu]]
[[Category:Matiko-nkulu]]</text>
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    <title>Indiya</title>
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      <text bytes="12688" sha1="bosehsimrsxsd8867a7a1ivz65rpfum" xml:space="preserve">'''Indiya''' i tiko ra [[Axiya]]
{{Infobox tiko
| conventional_long_name = Republic of India
| common_name = India
| native_name = {{IAST|Bhārat Gaṇarājya}} &lt;!--Do NOT remove this from the infobox as infobox translations and transliterations do not fall under [[WP:INDICSCRIPT]].--&gt;
| image_flag = Flag of India.svg
| alt_flag = Horizontal tricolor flag bearing, from top to bottom, deep saffron, white, and green horizontal bands. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel with 24 spokes.
| image_coat = Emblem of India.svg
| symbol_width = 60px
| alt_coat = Three lions facing left, right, and toward viewer, atop a frieze containing a galloping horse, a 24-spoke wheel, and an elephant. Underneath is a motto: &quot;सत्यमेव जयते&quot;.
| symbol_type = [[State Emblem of India|State emblem]]
| other_symbol = {{native phrase|sa|&quot;[[Vande Mataram]]&quot;|italics=off}}''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;I Bow to Thee, Mother&quot;}}{{lower|0.2em|{{efn|&quot;[...] ''Jana Gana Mana'' is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song ''Vande Mataram'', which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with ''Jana Gana Mana'' and shall have equal status with it.&quot; {{harv|Constituent Assembly of India|1950}}.&lt;!--end efn:--&gt;}}{{sfn|National Informatics Centre|2005}}&lt;!--end lower:--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;india.gov.in&quot;/&gt;}}
| other_symbol_type = National song
| national_motto = {{native phrase|sa|&quot;[[Satyameva Jayate]]&quot;|italics=off}}
| national_anthem = {{native phrase|hi|&quot;[[Jana Gana Mana]]&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;ref name=&quot;india.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols |title=National Symbols &amp;#124; National Portal of India |publisher=India.gov.in |quote=&quot;The National Anthem of India Jana Gana Mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.&quot; |accessdate=1 March 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204121208/https://india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols |archivedate=4 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People&quot;}}{{lower|0.2em|{{sfn|Wolpert|2003|p=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;india.gov.in&quot;/&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;{{center|[[File:Jana Gana Mana instrumental.ogg]]}}&lt;/div&gt;
| languages_type = [[National language]]
| languages = None&lt;ref name=&quot;Times News Network&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NoneNtl&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Press Trust of India&quot;/&gt;
| image_map = India_in_its_region_(disputed).svg
| map_width = 250px
| alt_map = Image of a globe centred on India, with India highlighted.
| map_caption = Area controlled by India shown in dark green;&lt;br /&gt;claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
| capital = New Delhi
| coordinates = {{Coord|28|36|50|N|77|12|30|E|type:city_region:IN}}
| largest_city = Mumbai&lt;br /&gt;{{coord|18|58|30|N|72|49|40|E|type:city_region:IN}}
| official_languages = {{hlist |[[Hindi]]|[[Indian English|English]]{{efn|[[Standard Hindi|Hindi]] in the [[Devanagari]] script is the [[official language]] of the Union. [[Indian English|English]] is an additional official language for government work alongside Hindi.{{sfn|Ministry of Home Affairs 1960}}{{sfn|National Informatics Centre|2005}}&lt;ref name=&quot;india.gov.in2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://india.gov.in/india-glance/profile |title=Profile &amp;#124; National Portal of India |publisher=India.gov.in |accessdate=23 August 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830064815/http://india.gov.in/india-glance/profile |archivedate=30 August 2013 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[States and union territories of India|States and union territories]] can have a different official language of their own other than Hindi or English.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/UI/pagecontent.aspx?pc=MzU%3d |title=Constitutional Provisions – Official Language Related Part-17 Of The Constitution Of India |language=Hindi |website=[[National Informatics Centre]] |accessdate=1 December 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108170457/http://www.rajbhasha.nic.in/UI/pagecontent.aspx?pc=MzU= |archivedate=8 November 2016 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| regional_languages = {{collapsible list
  |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;
  |title = [[Languages with official status in India#State level|State level]] and&lt;br /&gt;[[Languages with official status in India#Eighth Schedule to the Constitution|Eighth Schedule]]&lt;ref name=&quot;langoff&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |accessdate=26 December 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archivedate=8 July 2016 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{hlist
  | [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
  | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
  | [[Bodo language|Bodo]]
  | [[Dogri language|Dogri]]
  | [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
  | [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
  | [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
  | [[Kokborok]]
  | [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
  | [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
  | [[Malayalam]]
  | [[Meitei language|Manipuri]]
  | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
  | [[Mizo language|Mizo]]
  | [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
  | [[Odia language|Odia]]
  | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
  | [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]
  | [[Santali language|Santali]]
  | [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
  | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
  | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
  | [[Urdu]]
  }}
}}
| demonym = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| membership = [[United Nations]], [[World Trade Organisation]], [[BRICS]], [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]], [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]], [[G8+5]], [[G20]]
| government_type = {{nowrap|[[Federation|Federal]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]]&lt;br /&gt;constitutional [[socialist republic|socialist]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Preamble of the Constitution of India|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss%283%29.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Law &amp; Justice|accessdate=27 September 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009180953/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss%283%29.pdf|archivedate=9 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt; [[republic]]{{sfn|National Informatics Centre|2005}}}}
| leader_title1 = [[President of India|President]]
| leader_name1 = Droupadi Murmu
| leader_title2 = [[Vice President of India|Vice President]]
| leader_name2 = 
| leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name3 = {{#statements:P6|from=Q668}}
| leader_title4 = [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]]
| leader_name4 = Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai
| leader_title5 = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
| leader_name5 = Om Birla
| legislature = [[Parliament of India|Parliament]]
| upper_house = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| lower_house = [[Lok Sabha]]
| sovereignty_type = [[Indian independence movement|Independence]]
| sovereignty_note = from the [[United Kingdom]]
| established_event1 = [[Dominion of India|Dominion]]
| established_date1 = 15 August 1947
| established_event2 = [[Republic]]
| established_date2 = 26 January 1950
| area_km2 = 3,287,263&lt;ref name=&quot;india.gov.in2&quot;/&gt;
| area_footnote = {{efn|&quot;The country's exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as {{convert|3287260|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and the total land area as {{convert|3060500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}; the United Nations lists the total area as {{convert|3287263|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and total land area as {{convert|2973190|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.&quot; {{harv|Library of Congress|2004}}.}}
| area_rank = 7th
| area_sq_mi = 1,269,346
| percent_water = 9.6
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|India}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 1,210,854,977&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html|title=Population Enumeration Data (Final Population)|publisher=[[Census of India]]|access-date=17 June 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522213913/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html|archivedate=22 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A-2_Data_Tables/00%20A%202-India.pdf|title=A – 2 DECADAL VARIATION IN POPULATION SINCE 1901|publisher=[[Census of India]]|format=PDF|access-date=17 June 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430213141/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A-2_Data_Tables/00%20A%202-India.pdf|archivedate=30 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 2nd
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_census_rank = 2nd
| population_density_km2 = {{Pop density|{{Indian population clock}}|3287263|km2|disp=num|prec=1}}
| population_density_sq_mi = {{Pop density|{{Indian population clock}}|1269219|sqmi|disp=num|prec=1}}
| population_density_rank = 31st
| GDP_PPP = $10.385 trillion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web|title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2018 – Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=48&amp;pr.y=6&amp;sy=2017&amp;ey=2018&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=534&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF)|accessdate=1 April 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131224719/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&amp;ey=2018&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=47&amp;pr1.y=2&amp;c=534&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|archivedate=31 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 3rd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $7,783&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 116th
| GDP_nominal = $2.848 trillion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 6th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,134&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 133rd
| Gini = 33.9 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 2013
| Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Income Gini coefficient|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/income-gini-coefficient|website=United Nations Development Program|accessdate=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rRcwIiYs?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|archivedate=23 July 2010|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 79th
| HDI = 0.624 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2015 &lt;!--Please use the year to which the HDI [[Human Development Index]] data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;UN&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2016 Summary|publisher=The United Nations|accessdate=21 March 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322153238/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|archivedate=22 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = {{ordinal|131}}
| currency = Indian rupee ([[Indian rupee sign|₹]])
| currency_code = INR
| time_zone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| utc_offset_DST =
| DST_note = ''[[Daylight saving time|DST]] is not observed''
| time_zone_DST =
| date_format = {{nowrap|dd-mm-yyyy}}
| drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Left-hand traffic|left]]
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91]]
| cctld = [[.in]]
| englishmotto = &quot;Truth Alone Triumphs&quot;{{lower|0.2em|{{sfn|National Informatics Centre|2005}}}}
| religion = {{ubl
  | 79.8% [[Hinduism in India|Hinduism]]
  | 14.2% Islam
  | 2.3% [[Christianity in India|Christianity]]
  | 1.7% [[Sikhism in India|Sikhism]]
  | 0.7% [[History of Buddhism in India|Buddhism]]
  | 0.4% [[Jainism in India|Jainism]]
  | 0.9% others{{efn|name=remaining religions}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2011religion&quot;/&gt;
  }}
| area_magnitude = 1 E12
| official_website = &lt;!-- do not add www.gov.in - The article is about the country, not the government - from Template:Infobox country, &quot;do not use government website (e.g. usa.gov) for countries (e.g. United States) --&gt;
}}

{{Axiya}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;/&gt;
{{Commons}}
[[Category:Asia]]
[[Category:Indiya]]</text>
      <sha1>bosehsimrsxsd8867a7a1ivz65rpfum</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chayina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2146</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37573</id>
      <parentid>36275</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-07-17T06:55:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>178.51.132.188</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Li Qiang 2023</comment>
      <origin>37573</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12147" sha1="g2trjxff2ccd54uu30wpcsepz1r75ef" xml:space="preserve">{{bold|Chayina}} i tiko ra [[Axiya]].

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = People's Republic of China
| common_name = China
| native_name = {{vunblist|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|中华人民共和国|italics=no}}}} |{{small|''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó''}}}}
| image_flag = Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| image_coat = People's Republic of China National Emblem.svg
| symbol_type = National Emblem
| national_motto = 
| national_anthem = {{vunblist|&quot;[[March of the Volunteers]]&quot;|{{lang|zh-hans|义勇军进行曲}}|''Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ''}}{{lower|0.2em|[[File:March of the Volunteers instrumental.ogg|center]]}}
| image_map = People's Republic of China (orthographic projection).svg
| map_width = 220px
| map_caption = Area controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
| capital = [[Beijing]]{{efn|[[Postal map romanization|Romanized]] as &quot;Peking&quot; prior to the adoption of [[Pinyin]].}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|39|55|N|116|23|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = [[Shanghai]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Chan, Kam Wing |title=Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China's Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and Implications |journal=[[Eurasian Geography and Economics]] |year=2007 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=383–412 |url=http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf |format=PDF|accessdate=7 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173048/http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf|archivedate=15 January 2013|doi=10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.383}} p. 395&lt;/ref&gt;
| official_languages = {{nowrap|[[Standard Chinese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;langlaw&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/19/content_64906.htm |title=Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37) |publisher=Chinese Government |date=31 October 2000 |accessdate=21 June 2013 |quote=For purposes of this Law, the standard spoken and written Chinese language means Putonghua (a common speech with pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect) and the standardized Chinese characters. |archive-date=24 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724204951/http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/19/content_64906.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ([[Macau]] only), [[English language|English]] ([[Hong Kong]] only).}}}}
| languages_type = [[Official script]]
| languages = [[Simplified Chinese]]{{efn|In the [[special administrative region]]s of [[Hong Kong]] and Macau, [[Traditional Chinese characters]] are used}}
| languages2_type = Recognised regional&lt;br /&gt;languages&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url=http://www.chinatoday.com/general/a.htm#LANGU|title=General Information of the People's Republic of China (PRC): Languages|publisher=chinatoday.com|accessdate=17 April 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages2 = {{hlist |[[Mongolian language|Mongol (Mongolian)]] |[[Uyghur language|Uygur (Uyghur)]] |[[Standard Tibetan|Zang (Tibetan)]] | [[Standard Zhuang|Zhuang]] |[[Languages of China|various others]]}}
| religion = See ''[[Religion in China]]''
| ethnic_groups = {{vunblist
|91.51% [[Han Chinese|Han]]&lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|{{collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;
|title = [[List of ethnic groups in China|55 minorities]]{{efn|Ethnic minorities that are recognized officially.}}
|1.30% [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]] |0.86% [[Manchu people|Man (Manchu)]] |0.79% [[Uyghur people|Uygur (Uyghur)]] |0.79% [[Hui people|Hui]] |0.72% [[Miao people|Miao]] |0.65% [[Yi people|Yi]] |0.62% [[Tujia people|Tujia]] |0.47% [[Ethnic Mongols in China|Mongol]] |0.44% [[Tibetan people|Zang (Tibetan)]] |0.26% [[Buyei]] |0.15% [[Koreans in China|Chosen (Korean)]] |1.05% others
}}
}}
| demonym = Chinese
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[One-party state|one-party]] [[Socialist state|socialist]] [[republic]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitution of the People's Republic of China|url=http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007-11/15/content_1372963.htm|publisher=The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China|date=15 November 2007|accessdate=8 February 2015|archive-date=25 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225141156/http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007-11/15/content_1372963.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1 = [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China|Party General Secretary]]&lt;br /&gt;and [[President of the People's Republic of China|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Xi Jinping]]{{efn|Xi Jinping holds four concurrent positions: [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China]] (''de facto'' [[paramount leader]]), [[President of the People's Republic of China]] (''de jure'' [[head of state]]), and [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission]] ([[Commander-in-chief]]) for both state and party.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121116225447/http://rt.com/news/china-new-leader-xi-734/ &quot;New man at helm: Xi Jinping elected to lead China&quot;]. RT.com. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| leader_title2 = [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]]
| leader_name2 = [[Li Qiang]]
| leader_title3 = {{nowrap|[[Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Congress Chairman]]}}
| leader_name3 = [[Li Zhanshu]]
| leader_title4 = {{nowrap|[[Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Conference Chairman]]}}
| leader_name4 = [[Wang Yang (politician)|Wang Yang]]
| leader_title5 = First Secretary of the [[Secretariat of the Communist Party of China|Party Secretariat]]
| leader_name5 = [[Wang Huning]]
| leader_title6 = [[Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection|Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission]]
| leader_name6 = [[Zhao Leji]]
| leader_title7 = First [[Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China|Vice Premier]]
| leader_name7 = [[Han Zheng]]
| leader_title8 = [[Vice President of the People's Republic of China|Vice President]]
| leader_name8 = [[Wang Qishan]]{{efn|According to the official [[Orders of precedence in China]] (i.e. party comes first), the order of Wang would be inferior to the members of the Standing Committee of Politburo of CPC as he was not appointed office in the 19th Central Committee.}}
| legislature = [[National People's Congress]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of China|Formation]]
| established_event1 = [[Qin's wars of unification#Conquest of Qi|First imperial unification]]
| established_date1 = 221&amp;nbsp;{{sc|bce}}
| established_event2 = [[Xinhai Revolution|Republic established]]
| established_date2 = 1 January 1912
| established_event3 = [[Chinese Civil War|People's Republic declared]]
| established_date3 = 21 September 1949&lt;ref name=prcfounding/&gt;&lt;ref name=prcf2&gt;{{citation |last=Peaslee |first=Amos J. |contribution=Data Regarding the 'People's Republic of China'|p=533|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=9ATxCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA533|title=Constitutions of Nations, ''Vol. I, 2nd ed.'' |date=1956 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht |isbn=978-94-017-7125-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=prcf3&gt;{{citation |last=Chaurasia |first=Radhey Shyam |contribution=Introduction |contribution-url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=D2auy-nwS5IC&amp;pg=PA1 |p=[https://books.google.fr/books?id=D2auy-nwS5IC&amp;pg=PA1 1] |title=History of Modern China |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=D2auy-nwS5IC&amp;printsec=frontcover |publisher=Atlantic |location=New Delhi |date=2004 |isbn=9788126903153 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event4 = [[Chinese Communist Revolution|Proclamation of the People's Republic]]
| established_date4 = 1 October 1949
| established_event5 = [[Constitution of China|Current constitution]]
| established_date5 = 4 December 1982
| established_event6 = [[Macau|Last polity]] [[Transfer of sovereignty over Macau|admitted]]
| established_date6 = 20 December 1999
| area_km2 = 9,596,961
| area_footnote = {{efn|The area given is the official United Nations figure for [[Mainland China|the mainland]] and excludes [[Hong Kong]], [[Macau]] and [[Taiwan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;UN Stat&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2007/Table03.pdf |title=Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density |publisher=UN Statistics |year=2007 |accessdate=31 July 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224063215/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2007/Table03.pdf |archivedate=24 December 2010 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; It also excludes the [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]] ({{convert|5800|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or|sp=us}}), [[Aksai Chin]] ({{convert|37244|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or|sp=us}}) and other territories in dispute with India. The total area of China is listed as {{convert|9572900|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|sp=us}} by the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/111803/China |title=China |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=16 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; For further information, see [[Territorial changes of the People's Republic of China]].}}
| area_rank = 3rd/4th
| area_sq_mi = 3,705,407 
| percent_water = 2.8%{{efn|This figure was calculated using data from the CIA World Factbook.&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;}}
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|China}} {{increase}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 1,339,724,852&lt;ref name=&quot;groups&quot;/&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 1st
| population_census_year = 2010
| population_census_rank = 1st
| population_density_km2 = 145&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST|publisher=IMF|accessdate=16 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_sq_mi = 373 
| population_density_rank = 83rd
| GDP_PPP = $25.238 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/datasets/WEO/1 |title=IMF Data Mapper|publisher=IMF |date=April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 1st
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $18,066&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 79th
| GDP_nominal = $14.092 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 2nd
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $10,087&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 71st
| Gini = 46.2 
| Gini_year = 2015
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=NBS2015&gt;{{cite web|title=China's Economy Realized a Moderate but Stable and Sound Growth in 2015|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/201601/t20160119_1306072.html|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China|accessdate=20 January 2016|date=19 January 2016|quote=Taking the per capita disposable income of nationwide households by income quintiles, that of the low-income group reached 5,221 yuan, the lower-middle-income group 11,894 yuan, the middle-income group 19,320 yuan, the upper-middle-income group 29,438 yuan, and the high-income group 54,544 yuan. The Gini Coefficient for national income in 2015 was 0.462.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.738 
| HDI_year = 2016
| HDI_change = increase 
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf  | title = Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone | publisher = United Nations Development Programme | accessdate = 3 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 90th
| currency = [[Renminbi]] (yuan; ¥){{efn|The [[Hong Kong Dollar]] is used in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] while the [[Macanese pataca]] is used in Macau only.}}
| currency_code = CNY
| time_zone = [[China Standard Time]]
| utc_offset = [[UTC+8|+8]]
| date_format = {{vunblist |yyyy-mm-dd |''or'' yyyy{{lang|zh|年}}m{{lang|zh|月}}d{{lang|zh|日}} |([[Common Era|CE]]; [[Chinese calendar|CE-1949]])}}
| drives_on = right{{efn|Except [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]].}}
| calling_code = [[+86]]
| cctld = {{vunblist| [[.cn]] |[[.中國]] |[[.中国]]}}
| area_magnitude = 1 E12
}}


{{Axiya}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>g2trjxff2ccd54uu30wpcsepz1r75ef</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Riphabliki ya Congo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2147</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37306</id>
      <parentid>36101</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-14T02:35:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing LocationRCongo.svg with [[File:LocationCongoRepublicofthe.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
      <origin>37306</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="943" sha1="hgg569ponm7idrmpvd871kkfh98x46x" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République du Congo'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Riphabliki ya Congo|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Riphabliki ya Congo|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Unité, travail, progrès''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationCongoRepublicofthe.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Riphabliki ya Congo''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>hgg569ponm7idrmpvd871kkfh98x46x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Democratic Republic of the Congo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2148</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37304</id>
      <parentid>36036</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-13T07:00:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing LocationDRCongo.svg with [[File:LocationCongoDemocraticRepublicofthe.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
      <origin>37304</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1025" sha1="fknde1wgo44d4uwub3sn9587dsl5jg9" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République démocratique du Congo'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Democratic Republic of the Congo|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Paix, justice, travail''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationCongoDemocraticRepublicofthe.svg|300px]]
|}
'''Democratic Republic of the Congo''' i tiko ra Afrika. Brr.

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>fknde1wgo44d4uwub3sn9587dsl5jg9</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afrika Wale Xikarhi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2149</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39270</id>
      <parentid>25904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-04-01T19:43:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>110.46.103.54</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39270</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="850" sha1="gvlqp92pkby0pfw055kl228zlcijgsr" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka&lt;br /&gt;République centrafricaine'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of the Central African Republic.svg|125px]]
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Unité, Dignité, Travail''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Central African Republic (orthographic projection).svg|300px]]
|}
'''Afrika Wale Xikarhi''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''République de Côte d'Ivoire'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ivory_Coast.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Côte d'Ivoire|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Côte d'Ivoire|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Union, Discipline, Travail''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire_(orthographic_projection).svg|300px]]
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'''Côte d'Ivoire''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4299475]]</comment>
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|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Image:Crystal Clear action run.png|50px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;|'''This user account is a [[Wikipedia:Bot policy|bot]] operated by [[:{{{site|en}}}:User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] ([[:{{{site|en}}}:User talk:{{{1}}}|talk]]).'''
It is not a [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppet]], but rather an automated or semi-automated account for making repetitive edits that would be extremely tedious to do manually.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;''Administrators: if this bot is malfunctioning or causing harm, please [{{fullurl:Special:Blockip|wpBlockAddress={{PAGENAMEE}}&amp;wpBlockExpiry=indefinite&amp;wpAnonOnly=0&amp;wpEnableAutoblock=0&amp;wpCreateAccount=0&amp;wpBlockReason=Bot%20malfunctioning:%20}} block it].''&lt;/small&gt;
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 223 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1404]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''Rosenstadt Uetersen''
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
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|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Uetersen Stadtwerkehaus.jpg|250px]]
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'''Uetersen''' (ˈyːtɐzən), [[Jarimani]], [[Europa]].

[[Category:Jarimani]]</text>
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    <title>Matikos i Afrika</title>
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    <title>Category:Afrika</title>
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[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5593" sha1="kmbrhmx2bqjvjy05ygdg3jjdec63i1f" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
&lt;!-- Header --&gt;
{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%&quot;
| style=&quot;width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;&quot; |
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:2em 2em 2em 2em;&quot;&gt; &lt;!-- Top, Right, Bottom, Left --&gt;
{{image|name=Bot_Sketch_Eric_Benacek.jpg|width=90px|pad=10px|caption=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:100%;line-height:1.3em;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;'''Useful bot'''&lt;/p&gt;|float=left}}
&lt;!-- FOR MORE ICONS, GO TO [[Help:Icons]] --&gt;
&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;'''This is a Bot requests page'''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Bots are users that edit automatically. 

'''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

|}
&lt;div style=&quot;align: center; padding: 1em; border: solid 2px black; background-color: aqua;&quot;&gt;
'''[http://ts.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Community_Portal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new Please click here to leave a new request.]'''&lt;/div&gt;

----

__TOC__

==Bot flag request for [[User:WOPR]]==

* Bot operator: [[User:White Cat]] ([[:Commons:User:White Cat]]) - En-N, Tr-4, Ja-1
* List of botflags on other projects: Bot has a flag on wikimedia (meta,commons) wikipedia (ar, az, de, en, es, et, fr, is, ja, ku, nn, no, ru, sr, tr, uz, simple) (See: [[m:User:White Cat#Bots]])
* Purpose: Interwiki linking, double redirect fixing, commons delinking (for cases where commonsdelinker fails)
--&lt;small&gt; [[User:White Cat|Cat]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:White Cat|chi?]]&lt;/sup&gt; 12:02, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

== Bot bit request [[User:SieBot|SieBot]] ==
Please give a bot bit to [[User:SieBot|SieBot]], so it will not flood your RC as it adds interwiki links using pywikipedia's interwiki.py. [[User:SieBot|SieBot]] is active on about 140 Wikipedias. See the [[User:SieBot|user page]] of the bot for more details, or check a complete overview of its activities [[:nl:Gebruiker:SieBot/Overview|here]]. Cheers! [[User:Siebrand|Siebrand]] ([[:nl:User talk:Siebrand|talk]]) 09:52, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

== [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]] ==
Hi, i request a bot bit for [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]].
* Botmaster : [[User:Multichill|Multichill]]
* Bot's name : [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]]
* List of botflags on others wikipedias: about 100+ atm (see [[meta:User:Multichill]] for the current list)
* Purpose: Interwiki (pywikipedia)
* Technical details : [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]] is an interwiki bot starting at the [[:nl:Gebruiker:BotMultichill|Dutch wikipedia]]. The bot uses the pywikipedia framework and runs day and night in autonomous mode. Sometimes the bot will run in manual assisted mode to solve interwiki conflicts. [[User:Multichill|Multichill]] 16:07, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

== [[User:Purbo_T|Purbo_T]] ==
Hi, I'd like to request a bot flag for [[User:Purbo_T|Purbo_T]] &lt;small&gt;([[:Special:Contributions/Purbo T|contribs]])&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Operator''': [[:User:Purodha]] = [[:ksh:User:Purodha]] (b'crat @ [[:ksh:|ksh]])
*'''Function''': interwiki
*'''Mode''':  manually-assisted, occasionally in automatic or autonomous mode, starting mostly from the [[:ksh:|Wikipedia of Ripuarian languages]]
*'''Software:''' [[:meta:pywikipedia|pywikipediabot]] framework updated daily from [http://svn.wikimedia.org/svnroot/pywikipedia/trunk/pywikipedia/ svn] to latest version
*'''Already has bot flag on:''' [[:am:|am]], [[:ar:|ar]], [[:be-x-old:|be-x-old]], [[:bn:|bn]], [[:cdo:|cdo]], [[:co:|co]], [[:dsb:|dsb]], [[:hr:|hr]], [[:hsb:|hsb]], [[:ig:|ig]], [[:ksh:|ksh]],  [[:ku:|ku]], [[:ml:|ml]], [[:mr:|mr]], [[:nds:|nds]], [[:simple:|simple]], [[:sv:|sv]], [[:tg:|tg]], [[:vo:|vo]], more pending, [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~purodha/sample/dbswithuser.php?usr=Purbo_T recent&amp;nbsp;data]
Thank you! --[[User:Purodha|Purodha Blissenbach]] 20:10, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
:The flag has been set. --[[User:Dungodung|Dungodung]] 12:29, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

== [[User:AlleborgoBot|AlleborgoBot]] ==
Hi, i request a bot flag for [[User:AlleborgoBot|AlleborgoBot]]
*'''Operator''': [[:it:Utente:Alleborgo|Alleborgo]]
*'''Automatic or Manually Assisted''': Automatic, in &quot;-autonomous&quot; mode. Sometimes the bot will run in manual assisted mode to solve interwiki conflicts.
*'''Programming Language(s)''': Pywikipedia framework daily updated to the last SVN version
*'''Function Summary''': interwiki
*'''Already has a bot flag in''': ar, am, an, ast, az, bar, bat-smg, bg, br, bn, bpy, bs, ca, ceb, cs, cv, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fiu-vro, fr, frp, fy, ga, gl, he, hr, hsb, ht, hu, hy, id, is, it, iu, ja, jv, ka, kk, ksh, ku, lb, li, lmo, ln, lt, lv, mk, mi, ml, mr, ms, mt, nap, nds, nds-nl, nl, nn, no, pl, pms, ps, pt, ro, roa-tara, ru, sco, sh, sk, simple, sl, sq, sr, su, sv, ta, tg, th, to, tr, tt, uk, ur, vec, vi, vls, vo, zh, zh-classical, zh-min-nan, zh-yue. On it.wiki has done more than 65000 edit.
Thanks  --[[User:AlleborgoBot|AlleborgoBot]] 16:28, 2 November 2007 (UTC)


==[[User:GhalyBot|GhalyBot]]==
*'''Operator''': [[:en:User:Ghaly|Ghaly]]
*'''Function''': interwiki
*'''Operation''': automatic 
*'''Software:''' [[:meta:pywikipedia|pywikipediabot]]
*'''Has bot flags on: global and on'''ru, ar, arz, de, da, zh, en, fr, es, nl, simple, da, de, he, hu, th
I have peformed some test edits . Thank you !----[[User:Ghaly|Ghaly]] 20:05, 5 Nyenyankulu 2009 (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Wikipedia:Statistics</title>
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        <id>2760</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4994060]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1088" sha1="5yoqh1sbt9zk0uxxibdeqvshq86ofmk" xml:space="preserve">* [[Special:Statistics]]

* [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm Wikipedia statistics]
** [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaTS.htm ts.wikipedia statistics – tables]
** [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/ChartsWikipediaTS.htm ts.wikipedia statistics – charts]
* [http://www.wikistatistics.net/wikimedia Wikipedia Interactive Statistics]
** [http://www.wikistatistics.net/data/full/sites/wiki/ts.csv ts.wikipedia statistics – tables]
** [http://www.wikistatistics.net/wikipedia/ts ts.wikipedia statistics – charts]


* &lt;u&gt;THEwikiStics&lt;/u&gt;: [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/wikipedia/ts/ Page Hits toplist] &lt;small&gt;(compare [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/ traffic] | [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/searches.htm searches])&lt;/small&gt;


* [http://technorati.com/search/ts.wikipedia.org Technorati]

* [http://www.attentionmeter.com/?d1=ts.wikipedia.org AttentionMeter]

* [http://popuri.us/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fts.wikipedia.org popuri.us]&lt;!-- or: socialmeter.com --&gt;

* [http://toolbar.netcraft.com/site_report?url=ts.wikipedia.org Netcraft statistics]</text>
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        <id>3247</id>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of the Germany|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Germany|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Europe location GER.png|300px]]
|}
'''Jarimani''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. Capital is [[Berlin]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Jarimani]]
[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Curitiba'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
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{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Jardim Botanico de Curitiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&amp;params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W  25° 25' 47&quot; S 49° 16' 19&quot; O]]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | 
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]]
|-
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]]
|}

[[File:Brasão de Armas do Município de Curitiba.png|70px|left]]


'''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ), Southern [[Brazil]], South America.


== Pages ==


* [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curitiba Commons:Curitiba]
* http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ |date=2014-06-26 }} 
* http://www.curitiba-brazil.com</text>
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      <text bytes="1318" sha1="ijfakqv5b977qluumka89c8kjn5uhfp" xml:space="preserve">Wikipediya i ensayiklopediya leyi rhurheriweke hi nhlangano yo ka yinga bindzuli ya [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]], leyi khomeke ti phurojeki ta Tindzimi to tala na Vuxokoxoko bya mahala:
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
| [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[Wikt:ts:Tlukankulu|'''Wikixinari''']]&lt;br /&gt;Dikixinari na thesorasi
| [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[b:en:Main Page|'''Wikibuku''']]&lt;br /&gt;Tibuku to mahala na buku-ntirho
| [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:en:Main Page|'''Wiki-Ntshaho''']]&lt;br /&gt;nxaxamelo wa mintshaho
| [[Image:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[wikisource:Main Page:English|'''Wiki-Xihlovo''']]&lt;br /&gt;Xihlovo xa Matsalwa xa mahala
|-
| [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[Wikispecies:|'''Wiki-Swihari''']]&lt;br /&gt;Nxaxamelo wa swi vumbiwa
| [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[n:Main Page|'''Wiki-Mahungu''']]&lt;br /&gt;Xihlovo xa mahungu ya mahala
| [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:Main Page|'''Tifayili''']]&lt;br /&gt;Tifayili to nhlanganeriwa
| [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[m:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']]&lt;br /&gt;Nkongomiso wa ti phurojeki ta Wikimidiya
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ijfakqv5b977qluumka89c8kjn5uhfp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Wikipedia-Africa</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2223</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39242</id>
      <parentid>30810</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-03-05T01:10:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added Isindebele</comment>
      <origin>39242</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2018" sha1="956cpwo1p2lpfqux67cre3w85o3aryd" xml:space="preserve">; Ti Wikipediya leti ntsongo hi tindzimi ta laha Afrika 
[[:af:|Afrikaans]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ak:|Akan]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:am:|አማርኛ]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:bm:|Bamanankan]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ny:|Chi-Chewa]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:sn:|chiShona]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:tum:|chiTumbuka]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ee:|Ɛʋɛ]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ff:|Fulfude]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ki:|Gĩkũyũ]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ha:|هَوُسَ]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ig:|Ìgbo]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:xh:|isiXhosa]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:rw:|Kinyarwanda]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:rn:|Kirundi]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:sw:|Kiswahili]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:kg:|Kongo]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ln:|Lingala]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:lg:|Luganda]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:mg:|Malagasy]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:om:|Oromoo]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:sg:|Sängö]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:st:|seSotho]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:nso:|sePedi]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:tn:|Setswana]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ss:|SiSwati]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:nr:|Isindebele]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:so:|Soomaaliga]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ti:|ትግርኛ]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ve:|Tshivenda]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:tw:|Twi]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:wo:|Wolof]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:yo:|Yorùbá]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:zu:|Zulu]]&amp;nbsp;·
&lt;br/&gt;

(Leswaku uvona ti Wikipediya leti kulu, langutisa nxaxamelo lowunge ximatsini)

; Ti Wikipediya leti ngana matluka ya 100 nakutlula 
[[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Southern Min)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:jv:|Bahasa Jawa (Javanese)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:su:|Basa Sunda (Sundanese)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:hi:|&amp;#2361;&amp;#2367;&amp;#2344;&amp;#2381;&amp;#2342;&amp;#2368; (Hindi)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:os:|Иронау (Ossetic)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:csb:|Kasz&amp;#235;bsczi (Kashubian)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:sw:|Kiswahili]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ku:|Kurd&amp;#238; (Kurdish)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:lb:|L&amp;#235;tzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:lv:|Latvie&amp;#353;u (Latvian)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:mi:|M&amp;#x0101;ori]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:oc:|Occitan]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:nds:|Plattd&amp;#252;&amp;#252;tsch (Low Saxon)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:sa:|&amp;#2360;&amp;#2306;&amp;#2360;&amp;#2381;&amp;#2325;&amp;#2371;&amp;#2340; (Sanskrit)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ta:|&amp;#2980;&amp;#2990;&amp;#3007;&amp;#2996;&amp;#3021; (Tamil)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:tt:|Tatar&amp;#231;a (Tatar)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:ur:|&amp;#1575;&amp;#1585;&amp;#1583;&amp;#1608; (Urdu)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:vi:|Ti&amp;#7871;ng Vi&amp;#7879;t (Vietnamese)]]&amp;nbsp;·</text>
      <sha1>956cpwo1p2lpfqux67cre3w85o3aryd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Email</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2233</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6557</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-22T15:10:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:Emailuser/{{{user}}}|wpSubject={{urlencode:{{{subject|{{MediaWiki:Defemailsubject}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{message|}}}| &amp;wpMessage={{urlencode:{{{message}}}}}}}}} {{{...</comment>
      <origin>6557</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="703" sha1="dsx1uef625g2j7enzydbapf06dx7itw" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:Emailuser/{{{user}}}|wpSubject={{urlencode:{{{subject|{{MediaWiki:Defemailsubject}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{message|}}}|
&amp;wpMessage={{urlencode:{{{message}}}}}}}}} {{{text}}}]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
Use this template to create a link for e-mailing a user with a customized subject.

== Parameters ==
; user : The name of the user to be e-mailed.
; subject : The customized subject for the e-mail.
; text : The text shown for the link.

== Examples ==
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{email|user=sebmol|subject=Random subject|text=E-mail this user with a random subject}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; gives: {{email|user=sebmol|subject=Random subject|text=E-mail this user with a random subject}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dsx1uef625g2j7enzydbapf06dx7itw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Swivongo swa Xitsonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2235</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36961</id>
      <parentid>35149</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-22T09:32:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36961</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2289" sha1="aoltk15s7i55sh33vosbwikjf2bfpy6" xml:space="preserve">{{Robelbox|theme=10|title=Swivongo swa Xitsonga|icon=P vip.svg|iconwidth=60px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{{:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga/Swivongo}}
{{editme|/Swivongo}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
{|width=100% border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding:0px; margin:2px;&quot; |
|-
|colspan=3 valign=top|
{{Robelbox|theme=10|title=Nxaxamelo wa swivongo swa Xitsonga|icon=Crystal_Clear_action_history.png|iconwidth=20px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{{:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga/Nxaxamelo}}
{{editme|/Nxaxamelo}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
|-
|width=50% valign=top height=50px|
{{Robelbox|theme=10|title=Pfuna ku Hlakarherisa Phurojeki leyi|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
Xana u mutsonga? murhonga? kumbe muthswa?. U nga hi pfuna ku hlakarherisa tluka leri. Loko xivongo xa wena xi nga rikona laha u nga gunguli ntsena. Engetela eka mixaxamelo ya swivongo eka nyangwa lowu wa ku nga Elioenai 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
&lt;!--     Right Column           --&gt;
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
|width=50% valign=top height=50px|
{{Robelbox|theme=10|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku engeteriwa|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
mikongomiso yo tshuka yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko u ri na vuxokoxoko byo karhi, u nga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe u nga lulamisa tsalwa leri sunguriweke hi ku landza nkongomiso wa kona. 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
|}
{{Robelbox|theme=10|title=Ti wiki tinwana to yelana na nyangwa-nkulu wa ta Matimu ya vanhu|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
| [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:Category:Biography|'''Matimu ya vanhu e ka Wikiquote''']]&lt;/br&gt; Minthsho
| [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:Category:Biography|'''Matimu ya vanhu e ka Commons''']]&lt;/br&gt; Swi faniso
| [[Image:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[s:Category:Biography|'''Matimu ya vanhu e ka Wikisource''']]&lt;/br&gt; Matsalwa
| [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[b:Wikibooks:Biography|'''Matimu ya vanhu e ka Wikibooks''']]&lt;/br&gt; Tibuku na matsalwa
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}

[[Category:Ntivo-Swivongo]][[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>aoltk15s7i55sh33vosbwikjf2bfpy6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Ntivo-Swivongo</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2241</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6573</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-22T16:11:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Matluka la ma yelanaka Na xi yenge Xa Ntivo-Swivongo</comment>
      <origin>6573</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="52" sha1="6fdl2wcf8pqg09u8iyrzmm0p7juqi2v" xml:space="preserve">Matluka la ma yelanaka Na xi yenge Xa Ntivo-Swivongo</text>
      <sha1>6fdl2wcf8pqg09u8iyrzmm0p7juqi2v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:User wikipedia/Administrator</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2242</id>
    <revision>
      <id>23248</id>
      <parentid>21624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-08-28T12:33:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Trijnstel</username>
        <id>1644</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>revert deletion request - why?</comment>
      <origin>23248</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="463" sha1="05ss5zmpsuzzkvjlbsesib34yli9wgo" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; border:1px solid #999; margin:1px;&quot; class=&quot;wikipediauserbox&quot;&gt;
{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:238px; background:#EEE;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:45px; height:45px; background:#DDD; text-align:center; font-size:14pt; color:black; padding:1pt; line-height:1.25em; ; vertical-align: middle;&quot; |'''[[Image:Admin mop.PNG|43x43px]]'''
| This user is an '''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]]''' on the [[:ts:Tlukankulu|Xitsonga Wikipedia]]. 
|}&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>05ss5zmpsuzzkvjlbsesib34yli9wgo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ndzawulo</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2245</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6615</id>
      <parentid>6612</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T08:11:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>6615</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2368" sha1="mge64c9gqv5nojbv8b7xtohxtwv9gok" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;float:right; clear:right;&quot;
|
{{Robelbox|theme=14|title=[[Wipedia:Maintenance|Vukorhokeri laha Wikipediyeni]]}}
{| style=&quot;background:transparent; font-size:85%;&quot;
| 
&lt;!--&lt;p align=center style=&quot;font-size:80%; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;--&gt;
&lt;!--&lt;hr&gt;--&gt;
[[Image:Wikipedia_logo_%28svg%29.svg|16px]] '''[[Wikiversity:Maintenance|Leswi lavaka ku endliwa]]'''
* [[Wipedia:Maintenance|Vukorhokeri]]
* [[Wikiversity:Requests for Deletion|Swikombelo swo sula matluka]]
* [[:Category:Candidates for speedy deletion|Swikombelo swo sula hi xi hatla]]
* [[:Category:Possible copyright violations|Minyikelo yo hava mpfumelelo]]
* [[Wipedia:Request custodian action|Requests for custodian action]]
&lt;!--* [[:Category:Things you can do|Leswi unga pfunaka ha swona]]--&gt;
&lt;!--* [[:Category:Items to be merged|Leswi lavaka ku Hlanganisiwa]]--&gt;
&lt;!--* [[:Category:Wipedia maintenance|Vukorhokeri lebyi engetelekeke]]--&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;
[[Image:Wikipedia_logo_%28svg%29.svg|16px]] '''Swivumbiwa-ntirho'''
* [[Xingheniso xa swivumbiwa ntirho]]
* [[Help:Template|Mpfuno wa Swivumbiwa-ntirho]]
* [[:Category:Page flag templates|Swivumbiwa-ntirho swa matluka]]
* [[:Category:Navigational templates|Swivumbiwa-ntirho swo komba ndlela]]
* [[:Category:Administrative templates|Swivumbiwa ntirho swa vu korhokeri]]
* [[Wipedia:Barnstars|Swi thloma risiva]]
* [[Wipedia:Userboxes|Mabokisi ya vatirhisi]]
&lt;hr&gt;
[[Image:Wikipedia_logo_%28svg%29.svg|16px]] '''Ntirho wo aka'''
* [[Topic:Ku aka Wipediya|Ku aka Wipediya]]
* [[Wipedia:Activity bars|Swikombo-matshalatshala]]
* [[MediaWiki Project]]
* [[Topic:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]]
* [[Wipedia:Technical needs|Swi laveko swa vu thekiniki]]
&lt;hr&gt;
[[Image:Wikipedia_logo_%28svg%29.svg|16px]] '''Nthsaho'''
* [[Wipedia:Support staff|Valanguteri]]
* [[How to be a Wikimedia sysop]]
* [[m:MediaWiki|MediaWiki Handbook]]
* [[Special:Log|Logs]]
* [[Wipedia:Bots|Tirhoboti]]
* [[Wipedia:Consensus|Ku pfumelelana]]
* [[Wipedia:Statistics|Mintsengo ya Wikipedia]]
&lt;hr&gt;
[[Image:Wikipedia_logo_%28svg%29.svg|16px]] '''Mahungu na swiendlakalo'''
* [[Wipedia:Announcements|Switiviso]]
* [[Wikimania]]
&lt;!--&lt;hr&gt;--&gt;
&lt;p align=center style=&quot;font-size:80%&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
|}
{{Robelbox/close}}
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Help]]
[[Category:Administrative templates]]
[[Category:Navigational templates]]
[[Category:Wipedia administration]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Category:Wipedia administration]]
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mge64c9gqv5nojbv8b7xtohxtwv9gok</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Robelbox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2246</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6600</id>
      <parentid>6598</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T07:47:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>6600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4497" sha1="01mvw0lynee7ix46p9ldht4b3tqp449" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;
'''''This page has been protected for good reason! If you are a custodian editing this page, please read the talk page first! Thank you.'''''

''This is a special kind of box with a hanging icon in the right hand top corner. The size of the icon can be increased indefinitely without the height of the title bar being affected. If an empty title is specified, the title bar shrinks to a small band.''
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{| cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;margin:0em 0em 0em 0em; width:{{{width|100%}}}; {{#ifeq:{{{height|100%}}}|none||height:{{{height|100%}}}}};&quot;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; {{#ifeq:{{{height|100%}}}|none||height:100%;}} vertical-align:top; border:1px solid {{Robelbox/C2|{{{theme|1}}}}}; background-color:{{Robelbox/C1|{{{theme|1}}}}};&quot; |
{{#ifeq:{{{icon|default}}}|default||[[Image:{{{icon|Namespace Wikipedia.svg}}}|{{{iconwidth|32px}}}|right]]}}
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid {{Robelbox/C2|{{{theme|1}}}}}; background-color:{{Robelbox/C3|{{{theme|1}}}}}; padding:0.2em 0.9em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;{{{title|Title}}}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.75em 1.5em 0em 0.75em;&quot;&gt;
''Parameters:''
* ''theme'': Values 1 to 14; gives colour scheme:
{{Robelbox/theme}}
* ''title'': Box title.
* ''width'': Box width; default is 100%.
* ''height'': Guess; default is 100%.
* ''icon'': Image name for icon.
* ''iconwidth'': Pixel width of icon; default is 56. Include &quot;px&quot;.
''Don't forget to use the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Robelbox/close}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; template after your content!''
&lt;br&gt;''This template should be used together with &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Robelbox/pad}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to pad out the box contents - see examples below, and see talk page.
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
==Simple examples==
__TOC__
===Theme 1: Tan (default)===
This code:
  &lt;nowiki&gt;{{robelbox|title=Test title}}
  &lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
  Test content using a default box
  &lt;/div&gt;
  {{Robelbox/close}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
produces this box:
{{robelbox|title=Test title}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
Test content using a default box
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}

===Theme 2: Mid green===
This code:
  &lt;nowiki&gt;
  {{robelbox|theme=2|title=Test title}}
  &lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
  Test content using a default box with theme=2
  &lt;/div&gt;
  {{Robelbox/close}}
  &lt;/nowiki&gt;
produces this box:
{{robelbox|theme=2|title=Test title}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
Test content using a default box with theme=2
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}

== Color samples ==
{|
|{{Robelbox|theme=1|title=Theme 1|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Theme 2|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|{{Robelbox|theme=3|title=Theme 3|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|{{Robelbox|theme=4|title=Theme 4|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|-
|{{Robelbox|theme=5|title=Theme 5|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|{{Robelbox|theme=6|title=Theme 6|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|{{Robelbox|theme=7|title=Theme 7|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|{{Robelbox|theme=8|title=Theme 8|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|-
|{{Robelbox|theme=9|title=Theme 9|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|{{Robelbox|theme=10|title=Theme 10|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|{{Robelbox|theme=11|title=Theme 11|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox-close}}
|{{Robelbox|theme=12|title=Theme 12|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
''Content goes here.''
&lt;/div&gt;
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|-
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|{{Robelbox|theme=14|title=Theme 14|width=200px|iconwidth=48px}}&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
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|}


[[Category:Design templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Template:Robelbox/C2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2247</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6593</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T07:36:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{#switch:{{{1|1}}}  |1=&lt;nowiki&gt;#E39C79&lt;/nowiki&gt;  |2=ForestGreen  |3=SteelBlue  |4=IndianRed  |5=MediumPurple  |6=Gold  |7=RoyalBlue  |8=&lt;nowiki&gt;#E78A69&lt;/nowiki&gt;  |9=&lt;nowiki&gt;#71be3f&lt;/nowik...</comment>
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      <text bytes="492" sha1="k90q5serajd5itslm8jtbkm7cww7iuz" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1|1}}}
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 |2=ForestGreen
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 |6=Gold
 |7=RoyalBlue
 |8=&lt;nowiki&gt;#E78A69&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |9=&lt;nowiki&gt;#71be3f&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |10=&lt;nowiki&gt;#4290bc&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |11=&lt;nowiki&gt;#C289C3&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |12=&lt;nowiki&gt;#C56B74&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |13=&lt;nowiki&gt;#8488DC&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |14=&lt;nowiki&gt;#aaaaaa&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |15=Thistle
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- 
WARNING: DON'T INTRODUCE ANY NEWLINES INTO THIS TEMPLATE BY ACCIDENT!!!!
--&gt;
[[Category:Design templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Robelbox/C1</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2248</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6594</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T07:37:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{#switch:{{{1|1}}}  |1=&lt;nowiki&gt;#ffFcF1&lt;/nowiki&gt;  |2=MintCream  |3=AliceBlue  |4=MistyRose  |5=LavenderBlush  |6=Ivory  |7=Azure  |8=Seashell  |9=&lt;nowiki&gt;#f6fff1&lt;/nowiki&gt;  |10=&lt;nowiki&gt;#f4f...</comment>
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      <text bytes="472" sha1="ivuau08fyjcspuaehkswdaoxjpckmro" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1|1}}}
 |1=&lt;nowiki&gt;#ffFcF1&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |2=MintCream
 |3=AliceBlue
 |4=MistyRose
 |5=LavenderBlush
 |6=Ivory
 |7=Azure
 |8=Seashell
 |9=&lt;nowiki&gt;#f6fff1&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |10=&lt;nowiki&gt;#f4faff&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |11=&lt;nowiki&gt;#FFF8FF&lt;/nowiki&gt;
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 |13=&lt;nowiki&gt;#F5F5FF&lt;/nowiki&gt;
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 |15=Thistle
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- 
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[[Category:Design templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Robelbox/close</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2249</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6596</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T07:40:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: |}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Design templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <origin>6596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="54" sha1="d415dvlxpgbca9rx7kvp1vakusrg9cd" xml:space="preserve">|}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Design templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Design templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2250</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6597</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T07:41:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Swivumbiwa-ntirho swa nkoka ak timhaka to ku xongisa wikipediya leyi</comment>
      <origin>6597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" sha1="1nb832i19xq0cbb6qz4utfcm66gmu2e" xml:space="preserve">Swivumbiwa-ntirho swa nkoka ak timhaka to ku xongisa wikipediya leyi</text>
      <sha1>1nb832i19xq0cbb6qz4utfcm66gmu2e</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Robelbox/theme</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2251</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6599</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T07:47:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: :# tan (default) :# mid green :# slate blue :# red :# mauve :# yellow :# mid blue :# orange :# grey-green :# sky blue :# better mauve :# light red :# blue :# grey</comment>
      <origin>6599</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="162" sha1="7wf44tn60b4yvy8z9j5w4q709dprw3g" xml:space="preserve">:# tan (default)
:# mid green
:# slate blue
:# red
:# mauve
:# yellow
:# mid blue
:# orange
:# grey-green
:# sky blue
:# better mauve
:# light red
:# blue
:# grey</text>
      <sha1>7wf44tn60b4yvy8z9j5w4q709dprw3g</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Robelbox-close</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2253</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32526</id>
      <parentid>6602</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T06:56:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sangeetha.rs</username>
        <id>5861</id>
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      <origin>32526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="52" sha1="lcf98i6e5t6ydjc7ozqzxcl2pjy4rn6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Design templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lcf98i6e5t6ydjc7ozqzxcl2pjy4rn6</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Robelbox/C3</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2254</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6604</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T07:53:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{#switch:{{{1|1}}}  |1=Wheat  |2=LightGreen  |3=LightSteelBlue  |4=LightCoral  |5=Thistle  |6=&lt;nowiki&gt;#ff9&lt;/nowiki&gt;  |7=LightSkyBlue  |8=Peachpuff  |9=&lt;nowiki&gt;#c0eaa6&lt;/nowiki&gt;  |10=&lt;nowik...</comment>
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      <text bytes="479" sha1="ex0bjbawn3wj6p69glmjqxquuqu2y55" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1|1}}}
 |1=Wheat
 |2=LightGreen
 |3=LightSteelBlue
 |4=LightCoral
 |5=Thistle
 |6=&lt;nowiki&gt;#ff9&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |7=LightSkyBlue
 |8=Peachpuff
 |9=&lt;nowiki&gt;#c0eaa6&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |10=&lt;nowiki&gt;#9AD4F6&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |11=&lt;nowiki&gt;#E6C6E6&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |12=&lt;nowiki&gt;#F4B8BF&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |13=&lt;nowiki&gt;#CED1FA&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |14=&lt;nowiki&gt;#e4e4e4&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 |15=Thistle
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- 
WARNING: DON'T INTRODUCE ANY NEWLINES INTO THIS TEMPLATE BY ACCIDENT!!!! 
--&gt;
[[Category:Design templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ex0bjbawn3wj6p69glmjqxquuqu2y55</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Robelbox/pad</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2255</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6605</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T07:55:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;</comment>
      <origin>6605</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="82" sha1="244oa8zpmrxicihu06aibn3ze6rwhbz" xml:space="preserve">padding-top:0.25em; padding-bottom:0.2em; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;</text>
      <sha1>244oa8zpmrxicihu06aibn3ze6rwhbz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Help</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2256</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25588</id>
      <parentid>25338</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T01:31:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4588883]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25588</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="fyju3w0e8uj5ti4f4smwicxgf2072p9" xml:space="preserve">Mpfuno mayelana na switirhisiwa laha wikipediyeni ya xitsonga</text>
      <sha1>fyju3w0e8uj5ti4f4smwicxgf2072p9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Administrative templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2257</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6608</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T07:59:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Swivumbiwa-ntirho leswi yelanaka na Vulanguteri bya wikipediya ya xitsonga</comment>
      <origin>6608</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="74" sha1="3538azbm89fcf33wemh52y32tdrod4t" xml:space="preserve">Swivumbiwa-ntirho leswi yelanaka na Vulanguteri bya wikipediya ya xitsonga</text>
      <sha1>3538azbm89fcf33wemh52y32tdrod4t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Navigational templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2258</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6609</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-23T08:00:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Swivumbiwa-ntirho swo komba ndlela laha wikipediyeni ya xitsonga</comment>
      <origin>6609</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="7xuzvgpfvpr8y3ryglf137mq9j8otps" xml:space="preserve">Swivumbiwa-ntirho swo komba ndlela laha wikipediyeni ya xitsonga</text>
      <sha1>7xuzvgpfvpr8y3ryglf137mq9j8otps</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Wipedia administration</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2259</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25615</id>
      <parentid>25339</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T14:22:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q2944611]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25615</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="72" sha1="3dfzcaw5tjhfysu91e27hn26r44b0vv" xml:space="preserve">Swivumbiwa-ntirho swa Vulanguteri/Vukorhokeri bya wikipediya ya xitsonga</text>
      <sha1>3dfzcaw5tjhfysu91e27hn26r44b0vv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Wikipedia bots</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2261</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25985</id>
      <parentid>25340</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-04-13T12:25:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KLBot2</username>
        <id>3072</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4615183]]</comment>
      <origin>25985</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57" sha1="petbghop8qhs5sqpo49b8gdrwp8d4bs" xml:space="preserve">Tirhobhoti leti tirhisiwaka laha wikipediyeni ya Xitsonga</text>
      <sha1>petbghop8qhs5sqpo49b8gdrwp8d4bs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ntivo-mbangu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2266</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33169</id>
      <parentid>33161</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-13T13:07:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>3482</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.105.165.134|103.105.165.134]] ([[User talk:103.105.165.134|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]]</comment>
      <origin>27087</origin>
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      <text bytes="1475" sha1="1yj69daqzfotg26j017s1ne15u9pwar" xml:space="preserve">{{Translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography}}

[[File:World map 2004 CIA large 1.7m whitespace removed.jpg|thumb|290px|right|Mpfapfarhuto wa [[Misava]]]]
'''Ntivo-mbangu''' i dyondzo ya mbangu, ku anama, kumanyana, kuhambeta na ku akelana loku nga kona exikarhi ka vanhu na ndhzawu la ha [[Misaveni]], ngopfu-ngopfu swi hlawulekisi ku hlanganisa na ku hangalaka ka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka laha misaveni, kuhlanganisa vanhu na mbuyelo wa migingiriko ya vona e ka ndhzawu leyi va akeke eka yona. Riviti ''geography'' ri tekiwa e ka [[Xigiriki]] ''γη'' (''ge'') kumbe ''γαια'' (''gaia'') (&quot;Misava&quot;) na ''γραφειν'' (''graphein'') (&quot;mbhonya&quot;). [[Physical geography|Mbangu-vu ako]] byi langutisa [[Ntivo-vuthlarhi hi Misava]] (leswi nkarhi wu nwana swi vuriwaka Ntivo-vuthllarhi hi ntumbuluko wa misava). Leswi swi nyika vutivi hi, [[Maxelo]] na [[Vuako]] bya misava. [[Ntivo-mbangu wa vanhu]] wu hlanganisa [[vufuwi]], [[tipolotiki]] na [[cultural geography|mindhzavuko]] hi ku yelana na mbangu naswona byi langutisa [[social science|Ntivo-vuthlarhi hi mahanyele ya vanhu]] kumba swi hlawulekisi leswingariki swa vu ako bya misava. Byi hlahluva ndlela leyi vanhu va tolovelaka no tirhisa mbangu/vuako hayona. ''[[Vativi-mbangu]]'' va thlela va dyondza hi misava kuyelana na [[Solar System|Ndzendzeleko wa misava]] na [[vuako hinkwabyo]] na leswi misava yi khumbekake hakona(kufana na [[Maxelo]], [[Mimoya ya le lwandle]] na [[mabhubhutsa]]).

== Xingheniso ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Speedy deletions</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2267</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8892</id>
      <parentid>8891</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-12-11T19:21:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dferg</username>
        <id>518</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rv vand</comment>
      <origin>8892</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="598" sha1="0jm4eshwhq2lgvs10afkdqeijdwbzgx" xml:space="preserve">This page is for manually logging requests for speedy deletion. Use

 &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Delete| Reason--~~~~}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; 

to mark a page for speedy deletion. Use the follosing to request here for a page to be deleted. 

 &lt;nowiki&gt;==[[Page name]]--Delete==
 Reason for Deletion . ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;

If Anyone opposes Deletion then they must add their comments below message. Administrators can find a complete list of Pages marked for Speedy deletion at '''&lt;nowiki&gt;Category:Candidates_for_speedy_deletion&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''.


----

==&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Page name]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;--Delete==
&lt;nowiki&gt;Reason for Deletion . ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Matiko ya Afrika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2270</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36419</id>
      <parentid>28010</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-01-23T16:29:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rotondus</username>
        <id>7641</id>
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      <origin>36419</origin>
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      <text bytes="1300" sha1="playchvfpxo3z2gyaw34tbcag5jgznp" xml:space="preserve">{| width=&quot;100%&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |
| width=&quot;20%&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; |
* [[Afrika-Dzonga]]
* [[Afrika Wale Xikarhi]]
* [[Algeriya]]
* [[Angola]]
* [[Benin]]
* [[Botswana]]
* [[Burkina Faso]]
* [[Burundi]]
* [[Cameroon]]
* [[Cape Verde]]
* [[Chad]]
| width=&quot;20%&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; |
* [[Comoros]]
* [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
* [[Riphabliki ya Congo]]
* [[Côte d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)]]
* [[Djibouti]]
* [[Egypt]]
* [[Eritreya]]
* [[ESwatini]]
* [[Gaboni]]
* [[Gambiya]]
* [[Ghana]]
* [[Gineya]]
| width=&quot;20%&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; |
* [[Guinea-Bissau]]
* [[Gineya ya le Nkaveni]]
* [[Kenya]]
* [[Lesotho]]
* [[Layiberiya]]
* [[Libya]]
* [[Madagascar]]
* [[Malawi]]
* [[Mali]]
* [[Maritana]]
* [[Mauritius]]
| width=&quot;20%&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; |
* [[Morocco]]
* [[Mozambique]]
* [[Namibia]]
* [[Niger]]
* [[Nigeria]]
* [[Rwanda]]
* [[Western Sahara]]
* [[Sao Tome &amp; Principe]]
* [[Senegal]]
* [[Seychelles]]
* [[Siyera Liyona]]
| width=&quot;20%&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; |
* [[Somalia]]
* [[Sudan]]
* [[Sudan-Dzonga]]
* [[Tanzania]]
* [[Togo]]
* [[Topiya]]
* [[Tunisia]]
* [[Uganda]]
* [[Zambia]]
* [[Zimbabwe]]
| width=&quot;33%&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot; |
[[File:Africa (orthographic projection).svg|190px]]
|}

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Image</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-27T11:50:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="612" sha1="cogl73t3sy7mos4mexg8oijkki7y6nr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;''For better image thumbnails.'' 
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{| width=110px style=&quot;background-color: transparent;&quot;
|
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:{{{float|left}}}; padding:{{{pad|5px}}}&quot;&gt;
{|style=&quot;background-color: transparent;&quot;
|[[Image:{{{name|wikipedia-logo.png}}}|{{{width|100px}}}]]
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;width:{{{width|100px}}}; font-size:80%;line-height:1.3em;&quot;&gt;{{{caption|&lt;noinclude&gt;This is an example of a caption.&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;
|}
{{-}}
----
== Usage ==

&lt;pre&gt;
{{image|name=myimage.png|width=200px|pad=10px|caption=A caption|float=right}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

[[Category:design templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cogl73t3sy7mos4mexg8oijkki7y6nr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Almazán</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2275</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39745</id>
      <parentid>26613</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-10-05T08:59:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Antimuonium</username>
        <id>10424</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Tag correction</comment>
      <origin>39745</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="799" sha1="bso8yssdj927jfl0ebvpih5zmg171x2" xml:space="preserve">{{Muganga
|name = Almazán
|de = d'
|bandera =
|escudo =
|escudo_grandaria = 
|image = [[File:Iglesia Almazán (Soria).jpg|250px|Michael wo Kwetsima]]&lt;br /&gt;Michael wo Kwetsima
|muganga-mfumo = Castile na León
|xifundza = Soria
|bamba = Bamba ra Almazán
|muganga = Almazán
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 165,90
|altaria = 965
|nstengo = 5755
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2004
|kutlimbana = 34.9/km² (90.4/sq mi)
|web = [http://www.almazan.es www.Almazan.es]
|situazión = [[File:Almazán (Soria) Mapa.svg|250px|Almazán e Xifundzeni xa Soria]]&lt;br /&gt;Almazán e Xifundzeni xa Soria
}}
'''Almazán''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spaniya]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2004 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 5,755.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>bso8yssdj927jfl0ebvpih5zmg171x2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Done</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6765</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-25T07:03:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Image:Vista-clean.png|15px| ]] {{{1|'''Done'''}}} &lt;noinclude&gt; [[Category:Administrative templates]] &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <origin>6765</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="114" sha1="q7gscggwq4afb17ywod0r7pu1dh15t0" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Vista-clean.png|15px| ]] {{{1|'''Done'''}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Administrative templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q7gscggwq4afb17ywod0r7pu1dh15t0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adradas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2277</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30991</id>
      <parentid>30990</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-01-22T10:43:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Corr.</comment>
      <origin>30991</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="650" sha1="t72mey6x5hhnlshcp5y2g1k3m5xqnui" xml:space="preserve">{{Muganga
|name = Adradas
|de = d'
|bandera =
|escudo =
|escudo_grandaria = 
|image = 
|muganga-mfumo = Castile na León
|xifundza = Soria
|bamba = Bamba ra Almazán
|muganga = Adradas
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 67,47
|altaria = 1.051
|nstengo = 48
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2017
|kutlimbana = 0.71/km²
|web = 
|situazión = [[File:Adradas (Soria) Mapa.svg|250px|Adradas e Xifundzeni xa Soria]]&lt;/br&gt;Adradas e Xifundzeni xa Soria
}}

'''Adradas''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spaniya]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2017 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 48.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>t72mey6x5hhnlshcp5y2g1k3m5xqnui</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alentisque</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2278</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30992</id>
      <parentid>28969</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-02-02T16:21:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update from Wikipedias (es) + (fr).</comment>
      <origin>30992</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="680" sha1="sbv1b5xhjwnv8licwo47k5wphcthaej" xml:space="preserve">{{Muganga
|name = Alentisque
|de = d'
|bandera =
|escudo =
|escudo_grandaria = 
|image = 
|muganga-mfumo = Castile na León
|xifundza = Soria
|bamba = Bamba ra Almazán
|muganga = Alentisque
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 67,47
|altaria = 1054
|nstengo = 33
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2017
|kutlimbana = 34 km² (13.1 sq mi)
|web = 
|situazión = [[File: Alentisque (Soria) Mapa.svg|250px| Alentisque e Xifundzeni xa Soria]]&lt;/br&gt; Alentisque e Xifundzeni xa Soria
}}
'''Alentisque''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spaniya]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2017 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 33.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>sbv1b5xhjwnv8licwo47k5wphcthaej</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Arenillas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2279</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28972</id>
      <parentid>25620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-02-25T15:54:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rachmat04</username>
        <id>4294</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>28972</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="675" sha1="1juwq0vuw8xtvg1n5l6jkvf66njhd35" xml:space="preserve">{{Muganga
|name = Arenillas
|de = d'
|bandera =
|escudo =
|escudo_grandaria = 
|image = 
|muganga-mfumo = Castile na León
|xifundza = Soria
|bamba = Bamba ra Almazán
|muganga = Alentisque
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 30,39
|altaria = 1.065
|nstengo = 29
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2006
|kutlimbana = 30 km² (11.6 sq mi)
|web = 
|situazión = [[File: Arenillas (Soria) Mapa.svg|250px| Arenillas e Xifundzeni xa Soria]]&lt;/br&gt; Arenillas e Xifundzeni xa Soria
}}

'''Arenillas''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 29.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>1juwq0vuw8xtvg1n5l6jkvf66njhd35</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Barcones</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28976</id>
      <parentid>25621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-02-25T15:55:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rachmat04</username>
        <id>4294</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>28976</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="666" sha1="lrndx7lrhm25kboaee4glu52mcgz7r5" xml:space="preserve">{{Muganga
|name = Barcones
|de = d'
|bandera =
|escudo = 
|escudo_grandaria = 
|image = 
|muganga-mfumo = Castile na León
|xifundza = Soria
|bamba = Bamba ra Almazán
|muganga = Barcones
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 55,42
|altaria = 1100
|nstengo = 35
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2006
|kutlimbana = 0.8/km² (2.1/sq mi)
|web = 
|situazión = [[File:Barcones (Soria) Mapa.svg|250px| Barcones e Xifundzeni xa Soria]]&lt;/br&gt; Barcones e Xifundzeni xa Soria
}}
'''Barcones''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 35.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>lrndx7lrhm25kboaee4glu52mcgz7r5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Berlanga de Duero</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2282</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30827</id>
      <parentid>25622</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-14T07:02:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update from Wikipedia (es)</comment>
      <origin>30827</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="727" sha1="6hxnwu11tpdbkl0e3839pxjpaaroy15" xml:space="preserve">{{Muganga
|name = Berlanga de Duero
|de = d'
|bandera =
|escudo = 
|escudo_grandaria = 
|image = 
|muganga-mfumo = Castile na León
|xifundza = Soria
|bamba = Bamba ra Almazán
|muganga = Berlanga de Duero
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 220,18
|altaria = 936
|nstengo = 923
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2016
|kutlimbana = 5.0/km² (12.9/sq mi)
|web = 
|situazión = [[Image: Berlanga de Duero (Soria) Mapa.svg|250px| Berlanga de Duero e Xifundzeni xa Soria]]&lt;/br&gt; Berlanga de Duero e Xifundzeni xa Soria
}}
'''Berlanga de Duero''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 1,080.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>6hxnwu11tpdbkl0e3839pxjpaaroy15</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Muganga</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2283</id>
    <revision>
      <id>22306</id>
      <parentid>21954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-06-17T08:52:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MerlIwBot</username>
        <id>1813</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Robot: Modifying [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto hispana urbo]]</comment>
      <origin>22306</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4282" sha1="jiwbwli3qhsaishdvpg0qwzae5rgyxh" xml:space="preserve">{| align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; rules=&quot;all&quot; width=&quot;250px&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;  style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background-color: #CEDAF2&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #003399; color: #FFFFFF; font-size:150%;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |
'''{{{nombre|{{PAGENAME}}}}}'''
|-
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFFF;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
{| style=&quot;background:#FFFFFF; text-align: center;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|- 
| {{#if:{{{bandera|}}}|{{canto|[[Image:{{{bandera}}}|130px|Bandera {{{de|de&amp;nbsp;}}}{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]}}}}
| {{#if:{{{escudo|}}}|[[Image:{{{escudo}}}{{!}}{{{escudo_grandaria|70px}}}{{!}}Escudo d'armas {{{de|de&amp;nbsp;}}}{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]}}
|}
|-class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{image|}}}&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFFF;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{image}}}
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot;| [[Tiko]] || style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Spaniya]]
|- class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{muganga-mfumo|}}}&quot; 
| valign=&quot;top&quot;| [[Muganga-mfumo]] || style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot;|  {{#switch:{{{muganga-mfumo}}}|
Andalusia=[[Image:Bandera de Andalucía.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Andalusia]]|
Aragon=[[Image:Flag of Asturias.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Asturias]]|
Asturias=[[Image:Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Islas Balears]]|
Balearic Islands=[[Image:Flag of the Land of Valencia (official).svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[País Balenzián]]|
Basque Country=[[Image:Flag of the Land of Valencia (official).svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Basque Country]]|
Canary Islands=[[Image:Flag of the Land of Valencia (official).svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Canary Islands]]|
Cantabria=[[Image:Flag of the Land of Valencia (official).svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[País Balenzián]]|
Castile-La Mancha=[[Image:Flag of Catalonia.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Cataluña]]|
Castile na León=[[Image:Bandera de Castilla y León.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Castile na León]]|
Catalonia=[[Image:Flag of the Canary Islands.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Canarias]]|
Extremadura=[[Image:Flag of Cantabria.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Cantabria]]|
Galicia=[[Image:Bandera Castilla-La Mancha.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Castiella-La Mancha]]|
Madrid=[[Image:Bandera Castilla-La Mancha.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Castiella-La Mancha]]|
Murcia=[[Image:Bandera de Castilla y León.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Castiella e Lión]]|
Navarre=[[Image:Bandera de Castilla y León.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Castiella e Lión]]|
La Rioja=[[Image:Flag of the Basque Country.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[País Basco]]|
Valencian Community=[[Image:Flag of Galicia.svg|20px]]&amp;nbsp;[[Galizia]]|
|[[{{{muganga-mfumo}}}]]}}
|- class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{xifundza|}}}&quot; 
| valign=&quot;top&quot;| [[Xifundza]] || style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot;|  [[xifundzeni xa {{{xifundza}}}|{{{xifundza}}}]]
|-class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{bamba|}}}&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot;| [[Bamba]] || style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot;| [[{{{bamba}}}]]
|- class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{muganga|}}}&quot; 
| [[Muganga]] ||  style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot; | {{{muganga}}}
|- class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{ndhzuwu-kuleha|}}}&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot;| [[Ndhzawu-kuleha]] || style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot;| {{{ndhzuwu-kuleha}}} [[Ndhzuwu-kuleha |km²]]
|- class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{altaria|}}}&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot;| [[Altaria]] || style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot;| {{{altaria}}} m.
|-class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{distanzia|}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{ta|}}}|{{!}} valign=&quot;top&quot;{{!}} Distanzia {{!}}{{!}} style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot;{{!}} {{{distanzia}}} km á [[{{{ta}}}]] {{#if:{{{distanzia2|}}}|&lt;br/&gt;{{{distanzia2}}} km á [[{{{ta2}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{distanzia3|}}}|&lt;br/&gt;{{{distanzia3}}} km á [[{{{ta3}}}]]}} }}
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot;| [[Nstengo]] || style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot;| {{{nstengo}}} ab.{{#if:{{{ntsengo wa va aki|}}}|&lt;small&gt;&amp;nbsp;([[{{{ntsengo wa va aki}}}]])&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{web|}}}&quot; 
| valign=&quot;top&quot;| [[Pachina web]] ||  style=&quot;background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;&quot; | {{{web}}}
|-class=&quot;hiddenStructure{{{situazión|}}}&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFFF;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{situazión}}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Uso de plantilla}}

[[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto hispana urbo]]
[[nov:Template:Lokes in Spania]]
[[vo:Samafomot:Zif in Spanyän]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jiwbwli3qhsaishdvpg0qwzae5rgyxh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>2284</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37705</id>
      <parentid>37530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-10-26T05:09:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Krinkle</username>
        <id>1168</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Maintenance: remove ineffective rights=purge (all users have this) for HotCat, not needed on this wiki since it isn't enabled by default</comment>
      <origin>37705</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="929" sha1="6l0aowkc8hd2liu05e44stuls4vir7g" xml:space="preserve">== browsing ==

* EnhancedTalk[ResourceLoader]|blank.js|EnhancedTalk.css
* Round Corners[ResourceLoader]|blank.js|Round Corners.css

== editing ==
* Twinkle[ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.user,mediawiki.util,jquery.ui,moment|rights=autoconfirmed]|morebits.js|morebits.css|Twinkle.js|twinkleprod.js|twinkleimage.js|twinklebatchundelete.js|twinklewarn.js|twinkleblock.js|twinklespeedy.js|friendlyshared.js|twinklediff.js|twinkleunlink.js|friendlytag.js|twinkledeprod.js|friendlywelcome.js|twinklexfd.js|twinklebatchdelete.js|twinklebatchprotect.js|twinkleconfig.js|twinklefluff.js|twinkleprotect.js|twinklearv.js|friendlytalkback.js
* HotCat[ResourceLoader|rights=edit]|HotCat.js
* wikEd[ResourceLoader|dependencies=jquery.textSelection,user.options]|wikEd.js
* charinsert-core[ResourceLoader|hidden|dependencies=jquery.textSelection,user,mediawiki.storage]|charinsert-core.js

== Advanced ==

* RTRC[ResourceLoader]|RTRC.js</text>
      <sha1>6l0aowkc8hd2liu05e44stuls4vir7g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-blank.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>2285</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6792</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-25T10:22:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: // this does nothing, its here for allowing gadgets that just chance the appearance.</comment>
      <origin>6792</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="84" sha1="60qetsjoh6ms6tzyq4d51fx436p9bej" xml:space="preserve">// this does nothing, its here for allowing gadgets that just chance the appearance.</text>
      <sha1>60qetsjoh6ms6tzyq4d51fx436p9bej</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-EnhancedTalk.css</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>2286</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6794</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-25T10:23:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: /* Styles for discussion pages; */  .ns-1 dd, .ns-3 dd, .ns-5 dd, .ns-7 dd, .ns-9 dd,  .ns-11 dd, .ns-13 dd,.ns-15 dd, .ns-101 dd, .ns-103 dd, .ns-105 dd, .ns-4.page-Wikiversity_Colloquium...</comment>
      <origin>6794</origin>
      <model>css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="4068" sha1="ouc6zgy7inem6zwz4y0pz0pn24uq697" xml:space="preserve">/* Styles for discussion pages; */

.ns-1 dd, .ns-3 dd, .ns-5 dd, .ns-7 dd, .ns-9 dd, 
.ns-11 dd, .ns-13 dd,.ns-15 dd, .ns-101 dd, .ns-103 dd, .ns-105 dd,
.ns-4.page-Wikiversity_Colloquium dd { 
   margin: 0;
   padding: 0;
}
 
.ns-1 dl, .ns-3 dl, .ns-5 dl, .ns-7 dl, .ns-9 dl, 
.ns-11 dl, .ns-13 dl, .ns-15 dl, .ns-101 dl, .ns-103 dl, .ns-105 dl,
.ns-4.page-Wikiversity_Colloquium dl { 
   border-top: solid 1px #DADAFF; 
   border-left: solid 1px #DADAFF; 
   padding-top: 0.5em; 
   padding-left: 0.5em; 
   margin-left: 1em; 
}
 
.ns-1 dl, .ns-3 dl, .ns-5 dl, .ns-7 dl, .ns-9 dl, 
.ns-11 dl, .ns-13 dl, .ns-15 dl, .ns-101 dl, .ns-103 dl, .ns-105 dl,
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      <comment>New page: /* round corners on Mozilla and others */  #p-cactions ul li, #p-cactions ul li a { -moz-border-radius-topleft:1em;  -moz-border-radius-topright:1em; }  #content                           ...</comment>
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      <comment>New page: &lt;br clear=all&gt;&lt;center&gt; {| id=&quot;toc&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 2em 0 2em;&quot; ! style=&quot;background:#ccccff&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Miganga-mfumo ya [[Bamba ra Almazán]] |- | align=&quot;ce...</comment>
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{| id=&quot;toc&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 2em 0 2em;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#ccccff&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Miganga-mfumo ya [[Bamba ra Almazán]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Adradas]] | [[Alentisque]] | [[Almazán]] | [[Arenillas]] | [[Barca (Soria)|Barca]] | [[Barcones]] | [[Berlanga de Duero]] | [[Borjabad]] | [[Caltojar]] | [[Centenera de Andaluz]] | [[Coscurita]] | [[Escobosa de Almazán]] | [[Frechilla de Almazán]] | [[La Riba de Escalote]] | [[Maján]] | [[Matamala de Almazán]] | [[Momblona]] | [[Morón de Almazán]] | [[Nepas]] | [[Nolay]] | [[Rello]] | [[Soliedra]] | [[Taroda]] | [[Velamazán]] | [[Velilla de los Ajos]] | [[Viana de Duero]]
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    <title>Barca</title>
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      <comment>update url</comment>
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|name = Barca
|de = d'
|bandera =
|escudo = Escudo barca.jpg
|escudo_grandaria = 80px
|image = 
|muganga-mfumo = Castile na León
|xifundza = Soria
|bamba = Bamba ra Almazán
|muganga = Barca
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 44,98
|altaria = 941
|nstengo = 113
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2006
|kutlimbana = 44,98 km²
|web = https://barca-soria.blogspot.com
|situazión = [[File: Barca  (Soria) Mapa.svg|250px| Barca e Xifundzeni xa Soria]]&lt;/br&gt; Barca e Xifundzeni xa Soria
}}
'''Barca''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 113.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q833583]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q177501]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q672878]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q830303]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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--&gt;</text>
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    <title>Category:History</title>
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      <text bytes="142" sha1="1n0w4kbc61g5l5elzh348vkqcbyrmgl" xml:space="preserve">Lowu i nxaxamelo wa matsalwa hinkwawo e hansi ka ntlwawa wa ta matimu.
{{Commonscat|History}}
[[Category:Ku hlawuriwa ka tinhlokomhaka-nkulu]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 40 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5610198]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[Category:Castile na León]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q831414]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q832077]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q837301]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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      <text bytes="227" sha1="1d7aw4rsapai38rg2r8o44sf6mcsz71" xml:space="preserve">'''Maján''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 14.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5827262]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Matamala de Almazán</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2317</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25629</id>
      <parentid>25369</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T16:36:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q836175]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="242" sha1="mchibmwc63wce38z2ma86wbgh9hhgu5" xml:space="preserve">'''Matamala de Almazán''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 372.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Momblona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2318</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25669</id>
      <parentid>25630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-11T10:30:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legobot</username>
        <id>2760</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q832817]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="229" sha1="rgodw0gbpkzr12f026f4ijwrrew5rk4" xml:space="preserve">'''Momblona''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 36.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>rgodw0gbpkzr12f026f4ijwrrew5rk4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Morón de Almazán</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2319</id>
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      <id>25616</id>
      <parentid>25371</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T14:22:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q836955]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="240" sha1="dyiarhdre87zbbg8wyju1gwwfwj14gn" xml:space="preserve">'''Morón de Almazán''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 211.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>dyiarhdre87zbbg8wyju1gwwfwj14gn</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nepas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2320</id>
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      <timestamp>2013-03-08T16:37:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q831075]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="226" sha1="7u0hgftl6qjeu1i9oy1knqvdalq83ri" xml:space="preserve">'''Nepas''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 79.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>7u0hgftl6qjeu1i9oy1knqvdalq83ri</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nolay</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2321</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25373</id>
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      <timestamp>2013-03-07T18:07:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 38 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q835677]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25373</origin>
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      <text bytes="226" sha1="4pwxqvuyiekgshc0sdl8t0l6iwvm250" xml:space="preserve">'''Nolay''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 77.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>4pwxqvuyiekgshc0sdl8t0l6iwvm250</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Rello</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2322</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25632</id>
      <parentid>25374</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T16:41:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1046930]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25632</origin>
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      <text bytes="226" sha1="h7dtba1n37xen1ap7k6svyzlxpu5o99" xml:space="preserve">'''Rello''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 31.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>h7dtba1n37xen1ap7k6svyzlxpu5o99</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Soliedra</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2323</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25769</id>
      <parentid>25633</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-11T10:44:46Z</timestamp>
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        <id>2760</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q830913]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25769</origin>
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      <text bytes="229" sha1="9cbrh2fvgu3b82bwh2dr3zna8mhh3rn" xml:space="preserve">'''Soliedra''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 38.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>9cbrh2fvgu3b82bwh2dr3zna8mhh3rn</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Taroda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2324</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25662</id>
      <parentid>25634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-10T12:18:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q830942]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25662</origin>
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      <text bytes="227" sha1="ggvzbafl3a8htx7qouu3u853s5dvxkf" xml:space="preserve">'''Taroda''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 69.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>ggvzbafl3a8htx7qouu3u853s5dvxkf</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Velamazán</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2325</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25663</id>
      <parentid>25635</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-10T12:24:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q832876]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25663</origin>
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      <text bytes="232" sha1="dcp0qgw9h6bo8e582d28si4v4z3kph9" xml:space="preserve">'''Velamazán''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 118.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
      <sha1>dcp0qgw9h6bo8e582d28si4v4z3kph9</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Velilla de los Ajos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2013-03-10T12:33:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q832805]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25664</origin>
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      <text bytes="240" sha1="nxkuk8cyjg4rd4k44oasj7hng6lx69f" xml:space="preserve">'''Velilla de los Ajos''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 38.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Viana de Duero</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2327</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34168</id>
      <parentid>25665</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-13T07:30:42Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Amire80</username>
        <id>324</id>
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      <comment>added [[Category:Spaniya]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="256" sha1="lks1wyl5l8q2u66x8gzp0wbsytaw6qv" xml:space="preserve">'''Viana de Duero''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 72.

{{Almazán}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Soria]]
[[Category:Spaniya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Matikos i Afrika</title>
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      <parentid>21951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-08-28T12:34:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Trijnstel</username>
        <id>1644</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 21951 by [[Special:Contributions/Kijr|Kijr]] ([[User talk:Kijr|talk]]) - why?</comment>
      <origin>23249</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="8p6ot4j1lq52m89itbhbbilu2ygfluo" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>8p6ot4j1lq52m89itbhbbilu2ygfluo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Geography</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2339</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27015</id>
      <parentid>26615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-03-19T07:02:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing &quot;Oceania2.PNG&quot;, it has been deleted from Commons by [[commons:User:Fastily|Fastily]] because: No source since 11 March 2015: you may [[:c:Special:Upload|re-upload]] the file, but please cite the file's source.</comment>
      <origin>27015</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6128" sha1="4znjwaah4a51p4rd0bzyhyqruarllfi" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwa-nkulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
&lt;!--      Full Column           --&gt;
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{{Robelbox|theme=6|title=Nyangwa-nkulu wa: ta Ntivo-mbangu|icon=Nuvola_filesystems_www.png|iconwidth=60px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;

'''[[Geography|Ntivo-mbangu]]''' i dyondzo ya mbangu, ku anama, kumanyana, kuhambeta na ku akelana loku nga kona exikarhi ka vanhu na ndhzawu la ha [[Misaveni]], ngopfu-ngopfu swi hlawulekisi ku hlanganisa na ku hangalaka ka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka laha misaveni, kuhlanganisa vanhu na mbuyelo wa migingiriko ya vona e ka ndhzawu leyi va akeke eka yona. Riviti ''geography'' ri tekiwa e ka [[:en:wikipedia:Greek language|Xigiriki]] ''γη'' (''ge'') kumbe ''γαια'' (''gaia'') (&quot;Misava&quot;) na ''γραφειν'' (''graphein'') (&quot;mbhonya&quot;). [[Physical geography|Mbangu-vu ako]] byi langutisa [[Earth science|Ntivo-vuthlarhi hi Misava]] (leswi nkarhi wu nwana swi vuriwaka Ntivo-vuthllarhi hi ntumbuluko wa misava). Leswi swi nyika vutivi hi, [[meteorological|Maxelo]] na [[ecological|Vuako]] bya misava. [[Ntivo-mbangu wa vanhu]] wu hlanganisa [[economic geography|vufuwi]], [[political geography|tipolotiki]] na [[cultural geography|mindhzavuko]] hi ku yelana na mbangu naswona byi langutisa [[social science|Ntivo-vuthlarhi hi mahanyele ya vanhu]] kumba swi hlawulekisi leswingariki swa vu ako bya misava. Byi hlahluva ndlela leyi vanhu va tolovelaka no tirhisa mbangu/vuako hayona. ''[[Geographer|Vativi-mbangu]]'' va thlela va dyondza hi misava kuyelana na [[Solar System|Ndzendzeleko wa misava]] na [[Universe|vuako hinkwabyo]] na leswi misava yi khumbekake hakona(kufana na [[climate|Maxelo]], [[Ocean current|Mimoya ya le lwandle]] na [[tide|mabhubhutsa]]).

&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;'''[[Geography|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div &gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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{{Robelbox|theme=6|title=Leswi ngandzeni ka nyangwankulu lowu|icon=Crystal_Clear_action_history.png|iconwidth=60px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid none; text-align:center; padding:0.3em; background-color: transparent&quot;
|{{image|name=LocationAfrica.png|width=150px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=LocationAntarctica.png|width=150px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=LocationAsia.png|width=150px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Africa|Afrika]]
|'''[[Portal:Antarctica|Antarctica]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Asia|Asia]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=LocationEurope.png|width=150px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=LocationNorthAmerica.png|width=150px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=Map-Latin America.png|width=150px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Europe|Yuropa]]'''
|'''[[Portal:NorthAmerica|Amerika Nwalungu]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Latin America|Amerika wa Xilatini]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=|width=150px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=BlankMap-World.png|width=150px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=State_border_sign_on_NY_17.jpg|width=80px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Oceania|Oceania]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Atlas|Swifaniso-mbangu]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Border|Mindzelakano]]'''
|-
|}
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
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|-
|width=50% valign=top height=50px|
{{Robelbox|theme=6|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso ya rihlaza yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Geography|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta ntivo-mbangu eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 

&lt;/div&gt;
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{{Robelbox|theme=6|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku engeteriwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso yo tshuka yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Geography|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta ntivo-mbangu eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 

&lt;/div&gt;
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|}
{{Robelbox|theme=6|title=Ti wiki tinwana to yelana na nyangwa-nkulu wa ta Ntivo-mbangu|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
| [[File:Wikinews-logo.svg|45px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[n:Category:Portal|'''Ntivo-mbangu e ka Wikinews''']]&lt;/br&gt; Mahungu
| [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:Category:Geography|'''Ntivo-mbangu e ka Wikiquote''']]&lt;/br&gt; Minthsho
| [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:Category:Geography|'''Ntivo-mbangu e ka Commons''']]&lt;/br&gt; Swi faniso
| [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[s:Category:Geography|'''Ntivo-mbangu e ka Wikisource''']]&lt;/br&gt; Matsalwa
| [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[b:Wikibooks:Social_sciences_bookshelf#Geography|'''Ntivo-mbangu e ka Wikibooks''']]&lt;/br&gt; Tibuku na matsalwa
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}

[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]</text>
      <sha1>4znjwaah4a51p4rd0bzyhyqruarllfi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:History</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2341</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37765</id>
      <parentid>34647</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-01-25T06:45:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Paula Bigie Fago</username>
        <id>10154</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>History</comment>
      <origin>37765</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6056" sha1="7bt2k67ckd2mzty5u6lctzt7d7igtt2" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwa-nkulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
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{{Robelbox|theme=4|title=Nyangwa-nkulu wa: ta Matimu|icon=|iconwidth=60px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;

'''[[Topic:History|Matimu]]''' i nhlamuselo wa swi endlakalo leswi hundzeke, mintlawa ya vanhu na minhluvuko.  Vito ''history'' ri suka e ka [[:en:Greek language|Xigiriki]] ''historia'' ({{polytonic|ἱστορία}}), &quot;bulo ra leswi vutisiweke&quot; na swona ri fambelana na riviti ra [[:en:wikipedia:English language|Xinghezi]] leringe '''''story'''''. '''' yi vula leswaku &quot;Ta matimu hi ku angarhela i swendlakalo hinkwaso leswi hundzeke, kungari vutomi bya vanhu ntsena, kambe naswiendlakalo swa misava. hnkwaswo leswi cincaka; hikwalaho, mbangu hinkwawo wuna matimu yawona.&quot;

&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;'''[[Topic:History|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div &gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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{| width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid none; text-align:center; padding:0.3em; background-color: transparent&quot;
|{{image|name=CatalHoyukSouthArea.JPG|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=2006 01 21 Athènes Parthénon.JPG|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=Pyramide Kheops.JPG|width=110px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Archaeology|Vuhandzi-matimu]]
|'''[[Portal:Classical Civilisation|Nhuvuko Lowu hundzeke]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Egyptology|Ntivo-vuhandzi bya Gibita]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=Charlemagne.jpg|width=40px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=Astrolabe-Persian-18C.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=M1A1 abrams front.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Ancient Germanic culture|Ndzavuko wa khale ka Jarimani]]'''
|'''[[Portal:History of science|Matimu ya ta ntivo-vuthlarhi]]'''
|'''[[Portal:War|Matimu ya tinyimpi]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=Scutum_1.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=Gouda Arms of Dutch republic County Holland Kingdom The Netherlands.JPG|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=Bust of Julius Caesar from History of the World (1902).png|width=60px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Military of ancient Rome|Vu sochwa bya Rhoma]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Heraldry|Heraldry and vexillology]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Ancient Rome|Rhoma ya khale]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=Byzantine Palaiologos Eagle.svg|width=60px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=British Empire 1897.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=Rev collage.png|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Byzantine Empire|Mfumo wa Byzantine]]'''
|'''[[Portal:British Empire|Mfumo wa Manhezi]]'''
|'''[[Portal:American Revolutionary War|Nyimpi yo pfukela ya Amerika]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=Grandes chroniques Roland.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=FirstCrusade.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=1829-philadelphia-black-bourgeoisie-flesh-coloured.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Middle Ages|Matimu ya malembe ya le xikarhi]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Crusades|Tinyimpi ta Vukhongeri]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Africana|Matimu ya Afrika]]'''
|-
|}
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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|-
|width=50% valign=top height=50px|
{{Robelbox|theme=4|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso ya rihlaza yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:History|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta matimu eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 

&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso yo tshuka yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:History|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta matimu eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 

&lt;/div&gt;
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{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
| [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:History|'''Matimu e ka Wikiquote''']]&lt;/br&gt; Quotes
| [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:History|'''Matimu e ka Commons''']]&lt;/br&gt; Images
| [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[s:Category:History|'''Matimu e ka Wikisource''']]&lt;/br&gt; Texts
| [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[:wikibooks:History|'''Matimu e ka Wikibooks''']]&lt;/br&gt; Manuals &amp; Texts
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[Category:History]]</text>
      <sha1>7bt2k67ckd2mzty5u6lctzt7d7igtt2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Biography</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2342</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26718</id>
      <parentid>26515</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-10-01T00:46:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Faolin42</username>
        <id>3477</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 26515 by [[Special:Contributions/41.50.7.68|41.50.7.68]] ([[User talk:41.50.7.68|talk]])</comment>
      <origin>26718</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5151" sha1="e06vz3eokgkcm5qyo9mmpxbyfmmipde" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwankulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivombangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivovutlhari''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwankulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
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&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
'''[[Biography|Tsalwavutomi (Biography)]]''' (Ri suka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Greek language|Xigiriki]], maviti ''bios'' (βιος), leswi vulaka 'vutomi', na ''graphein'', leswi vulaka 'ku tsala') i xiyenge xa [[literature|Vutsari]] kumbe [[film|Tifilimi]] lexi nyikelaka matimu lama heleleke hi swiendleko leswi hlawulekeke evuton'wini bya munhu loyi a tiviwaka swinene. Hambileswi matimu lawa ma nga ha vulavulaka hi [[fiction| marungula yo tumbuluxiwa (fiction)]] ya munhu, vito leri ri tirhisiwa ngopfu eka vanhu lava hanyeke/hanyaka.  Ku hambana na mikomiso ya matimu ya vutomi bya munhu, lama fanaka na [[profile|Vuxokoxoko bya munhu]] kumbe papilanhlavutelo[[curriculum vitae]], Tsalwavutomi i rungula leri yaka emahlweni ri xiyisisa vumunhu, swihlawulekisi na xiyimo xa yena emugangeni lowu a hanyaka/hanyeke eka wona. 

&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;'''[[Biography|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div &gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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{| width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid none; text-align:center; padding:0.3em; background-color: transparent&quot;
|{{image|name=Portrait_Roi_de_france_Childebert_Ier.jpg|width=150px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=HekeKawiti1846.jpg|width=150px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=GALIP_HASAN_KUSCUOGLU.jpg|width=150px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[:Category:People|Vanhu]]
|'''[[:Category:People_by_nationality|Vanhu hi vutiko]]'''
|'''[[:Category:People_by_occupation|Vanhu hi mitirho]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=Sada_Abe.jpg|width=150px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=Samuel_Joseph_Fuenn.jpg|width=150px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=1439-Col_de_la_Tourette.JPG|width=150px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[:Category:People_by_status|Vanhu hi xiyimo]]'''
|'''[[:Category:Lists_of_people|Nxaxamelo wa vanhu]]'''
|'''[[:Category:Anniversaries|Hi ku velekiwa kumbe mafu]]'''
|-
|}
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Robelbox|theme=10|title= Matsalwa lama lavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
mikongomiso ya rihlaza yi komba matsalwa lawa ma ha lavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa. Loko u ri ni vuxokoxoko byo karhi, u nga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka na leswi ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe u nga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Biography|Nyangwankulu wa ta matimu ya vanhu eka wikipediya ya Xinghezi]]. 

&lt;/div&gt;
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|width=50% valign=top height=50px|
{{Robelbox|theme=10|title=Matsalwa lama lavaka ku engeteriwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
mikongomiso yo tshuka yi komba matsalwa lawa ma ha lavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko u ri ni vuxokoxoko byo karhi, u nga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka na leswi ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe u nga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Biography|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta matimu ya vanhu  eka wikipediya ya Xinghezi]]. 

&lt;/div&gt;
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|}
{{Robelbox|theme=10|title=Tiwiki tin'wana to yelana na nyangwankulu wa ta Matimu ya vanhu|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
| [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:Category:Biography|'''Matimu ya vanhu eka Wikiquote''']]&lt;/br&gt; Mitshaho
| [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:Category:Biography|'''Matimu ya vanhu eka Commons''']]&lt;/br&gt; Swifaniso
| [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[s:Category:Biography|'''Matimu ya vanhu eka Wikisource''']]&lt;/br&gt; Matsalwa
| [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[b:Wikibooks:Biography|'''Matimu ya vanhu eka Wikibooks''']]&lt;/br&gt; Tibuku na matsalwa
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:!</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2346</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7111</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-31T11:07:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: |</comment>
      <origin>7111</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="7boi6rb359a8bssoe6mvr1x1c03ftug" xml:space="preserve">|</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Arts</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2348</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31112</id>
      <parentid>31072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T17:23:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DragonflySixtyseven</username>
        <id>3673</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Quill.jpg]] → [[File:Photomontage with fountain pen and envelope.jpg]] this is not a quill pen, it is a fountain pen</comment>
      <origin>31112</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5954" sha1="963em0o1rwkov1omqjwzm3a9euoyrcy" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwa-nkulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vusini''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
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&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{{image|name=Appolon 1 MK1888.png|width=80px|pad=3px|float=right}}
'''[[Vusini(composition)]]''' i mpaluxo wa vuswikoti kumbe nyiko ya miehleketo yo tumbuluxa vu xongi. Vito '''art''' ritekiwa e ka [[:en:wikipedia:Latin language|Xilatini]] '''''ars''''', leri hundzuluxeriwaka hiku kongoma kuri, &quot;kuhleleka&quot;. vuqambhi byi twisisiwa kuri ku endla mintirho leyi lavaka vuswikoti bya munhu lebyi yeke hala ka mhlamuselo. Hambi lewsi vuqambhi byi hambanisiwaka na [[Vuswikoti|vuswikoti(craft)]] na [[vuti-olori|vuti-olori(recreation)]], ndzelakano lowu wa byiharile. Viti ''vusini-vuxongi(creative arts)'' i nhlengeleto wa vuleteri byo yelana na leswi endleriweke ku tsakisa va hlaleri kumbe vayingiseri leswaku va anakanyisisa haswona. Hikwalaho vuqambi byi hlanganisa swilo leswi tsariwaka([[Swithopo]] [[Vutsari]] na [[Vuthlokovetseri]]); leswi tlangiwaka ([[Kucina]], [[Mintlango]], na [[Vuyimbeleri]]); Leswi hlaleriwaka([[mpfapfarhuto]] ,[[Vuvatli]], [[Ku teka swinepe]], [[Vufanisi]]); kuya eka vuswikoti lebyi tirhisiwaka siku na siku ku hlanganisa na [[Vuaki byo sasekisa]] na [[Swiambalo|ku rhunga swi ambalo]]. Vuqambhi bya ha ye lana nakambe na [[kunyikiwa]], [[Vuxongi]] na ku pfuxa [[switwi(emotions)]].

&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;'''[[Vusini|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div &gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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{|width=100% border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding:0px; margin:2px;&quot; |
|-
|colspan=3 valign=top|
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Leswi ngandzeni ka nyangwankulu lowu|icon=Crystal_Clear_action_history.png|iconwidth=60px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;

{| width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid none; text-align:center; padding:0.3em; background-color: transparent&quot;
|{{image|name=ING House Amsterdam.JPG|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=Comic-sketch.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=Lindy_hop_dip.jpg|width=90px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Architecture|Vuaki-vuxongi]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Comics|Mpfapfarhuto-mafenya]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Dance|Ncino]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=Film reel.svg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=Books-aj.svg aj ashton 01.svg|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=Musical note nicu bucule 01.svg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Film|Filimi]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Literature|Vutsari bya tibuku]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Music|Vuyimbeleri]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=Operalogo.svg|width=120px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=Large format camera lens.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=Photomontage with fountain pen and envelope.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Opera|Vuyimbeleri bya Opera]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Photography|Ku teka swifaniso]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Poetry|Vuthlokovetseri]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=SANGEAN WR-1.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=Braun HF 1.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=P culture.svg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Portal:Radio|Xiya-ni-moya]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Television|Televhixini]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Theatre|Ntlangu wa le rivaleni]]'''
|-
|}

&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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|-
|width=50% valign=top height=50px|
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso ya rihlaza yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Art|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta Vuqambhi eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 

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&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso yo tshuka yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Art|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta Vuqambhi eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 

&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
| [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:Art|'''Vuqambhi e ka Wikiquote''']]&lt;/br&gt; Quotes
| [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:Art|'''Vuqambhi e ka Commons''']]&lt;/br&gt; Images
| [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[s:Category:Art|'''Vuqambhi e ka Wikisource''']]&lt;/br&gt; Texts
| [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[:wikibooks:Art|'''Vuqambhi e ka Wikibooks''']]&lt;/br&gt; Manuals &amp; Texts
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Science</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2349</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25730</id>
      <parentid>25642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-11T10:38:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legobot</username>
        <id>2760</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4541810]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25730</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5392" sha1="oiwthekfpdxgeg085ahpkeri8qno0jr" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwa-nkulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
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{{Robelbox|theme=5|title=Nyangwa-nkulu wa: ta Ntivo-vuthlarhi|icon=Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg|iconwidth=60px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;

'''[[Science|Ntivo-vuthlarhi]]''', hiku angarha, i xiyimiso xo hlengeleta vutivi hindlela leyi hlahluvekaka. Hi ku kongoma ntivo-vuthlarhi i ndlela yo hlengeleta vutivi hi [[ku pima]], [[kuringeta]], na hi ku dyondza [[ntumbuluko]], ku hlanganisa na marungula ya vu tivi lebyi hlengeletiweke hi vanhu hi ku hlahluva. 

[[Va nwa-vuthlarhi]] seketela ku ti thsega hi tindlela ta ntivo-vuthlarhi, leswaku va vumba no hlela tinhlamuselo to ntumbuluko hi ku tirhisa ku pima no tiyisekisa mbuyelo wa kuhlahluva no ringeta. Hikwalaho Ntivo vuthlarhi(Science) byi ringeta ku papalata tinhlamuselo leti sekeriweke aka [[mimoya]] kufekela laha tinhlamuselo hinkwato ti hlahluviwa no tiyisekisiwa, naswona byi ala tinhlamuselo ta vukhale bya ma endlelo.

Marhavi ya ntivo-vuthlarhi ma hambanisiwa hi mintlawa yimbirhi: [[Ntivo-ntumbuluko|Ntivo-ntumbuluko(Natural sciences)]], vu kambisisi bya mafamisele ya ntumbuluko; [[Ntivo-ntumbuluko|Ntivo-ntumbuluko(Social sciences)]], vukambisisi bya ma hanyele ya vanhu. Leswaku dyondzo ya [[Tinhlayo]] yi tekiwa tani hi rhavi ra ntivo-vuthlarhi, swi le eka loyi a swi bumabumelaka.

&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;'''[[Science|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div &gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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|-
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{{Robelbox|theme=5|title=Leswi ngandzeni ka nyangwankulu lowu|icon=Crystal_Clear_action_history.png|iconwidth=60px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid none; text-align:center; padding:0.3em; background-color: transparent&quot;
|{{image|name=Gnome-globe.svg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=P_philosophy.png|width=100px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg|width=80px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Topic:Natural sciences|Ntivo-vuthlarhi hi ntumbuluko]]
|'''[[Topic:Social sciences|Ntivo-vuthlarhi hi ta mahanyele]]'''
|'''[[Topic:Mathematics|Tnhlayo]]'''
|-
|{{image|name=Nuvola_apps_display.png|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|{{image|name=Engineering_WikiProject_Logo1.png|width=75px|pad=3px||float=center}}
|{{image|name=Astrolabe-Persian-18C.jpg|width=100px|pad=3px|float=center}}
|-
|'''[[Topic:Technology|Thekinologi]]'''
|'''[[Topic:Engineering|Vunjiniyela]]'''
|'''[[Portal:History of science|Matimu ya ta ntivo-vuthlarhi]]'''
|-
|}
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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|-
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{{Robelbox|theme=5|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso ya rihlaza yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku hlakarhirisiwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Science|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta Ntivo-vuthlarhi eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 

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&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso yo tshuka yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Science|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta Ntivo-vuthlarhi eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 

&lt;/div&gt;
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{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
| [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:Category:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi e ka Wikiquote''']]&lt;/br&gt; Minthsho
| [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:Category:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi e ka Commons''']]&lt;/br&gt; Swi faniso
| [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[s:Category:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi e ka Wikisource''']]&lt;/br&gt; Matsalwa
| [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[b:Wikibooks:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi e ka Wikibooks''']]&lt;/br&gt; Tibuku na matsalwa
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Contents</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2350</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30936</id>
      <parentid>30925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-12-22T21:55:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Iamahumannotrllylolaaa|Iamahumannotrllylolaaa]] ([[User talk:Iamahumannotrllylolaaa|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]</comment>
      <origin>30936</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3194" sha1="pttcejh7cmcg56xyc0j2jlow3zszqe0" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwa-nkulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
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Ha ku amukela laha wikipediyeni ya xitsonga. Laha u ta kuma vuxoko-xoko bya leswi nga ndzeni ka Wikipediya leyi. Hi lehisele mbilu, tluka leri ri ta thsamela ku cinca loko matsalwa e ka wikipediya leyi maya ma kula. Tivisa varindzi loko u lava ku engetela swinwana eka tluka leri. tluka leri ri sirheleriwile.

Kuta fika e nkarhini lowu, ku na matsalwa ya '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]''' na minyangwa-nkulu ya '''3'''.
&lt;/div&gt;
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Add text here!

&lt;/div&gt;
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:: '''[[Portal:Africa|Afrika]]''' &amp;nbsp;• '''[[Portal:Europe|Yuropa]]''' &amp;nbsp;• '''[[Portal:Latin America|Amerika wa Xilatini]]''' &amp;nbsp;• '''[[Portal:NorthAmerica|Amerika Nwalungu]]''' &amp;nbsp;• '''[[Portal:Asia|Axiya]]''' &amp;nbsp;• '''[[Portal:Antarctica|Antarctica]]'''

&lt;/div&gt;
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Add text here!

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&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;

:'''''Ntivo Vutomi'''''
:: [[Portal:Animals|Swifuwo]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Portal:Birds|Swinyenyani]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Portal:Fish|Tinhlampfi]] &amp;nbsp;• [[Portal:Plants|Swimilana]]

:'''Intivo vuthlarhi'''
:: [[Portal:Chemistry|Mirhi]] &amp;nbsp;• [[Portal:Earthquakes|Kutseka-tseka ka misava]],&amp;nbsp;• [[Portal:Environment|Mbangu]],&amp;nbsp;• [[Portal:Weather|Maxelo]]

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:: [[:Category:People|Vanhu]]

&lt;/div&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Portal:Africa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2352</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29111</id>
      <parentid>25940</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-05-27T11:43:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="2907" sha1="ltcs03qeyuhoja9h23xbr37ij1ti7ai" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
&lt;!--      Full Column           --&gt;
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
{|width=100% border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding:0px; margin:2px;&quot; |
|-
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Nyangwankulu wa Afrika|height=10%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;[[File:Portal_Africa_logo_(ts).png]]&lt;/center&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:75%; padding:4px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Africa|'''Afrika''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Europe|'''Yuropa''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Spain|'''Xipaniya''']]
|}&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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|-
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{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Matiko ya Afrika|height=100%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{{Afrika-xifaniso}}
&lt;BR&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Endzeni ka Nyangwa-nkulu lowu|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{{:Portal:Africa/About}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku Engeteriwa|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
Ha ku amukela laha Nyangweni-nkulu wa Afrika. Laha u ta kuma nxaxamelo wa Matsalwa lawa mafambelanaka na Afrika hixitalo.minkongomiso yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Africa|Nyangwa-nkulu wa Afrika eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]] ivi u sungula kuhundzuluxa. 
&lt;/div&gt;
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|}

{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Ti wiki tinwana to yelana na nyangwa-nkulu wa ta Vuqambhi|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
| [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:Africa|'''Afrika e ka Wikiquote''']]&lt;/br&gt; Quotes
| [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:Africa|'''Afrika e ka Commons''']]&lt;/br&gt; Images
| [[Image:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[s:Category:Africa|'''Afrika e ka Wikisource''']]&lt;/br&gt; Texts
| [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[:wikibooks:Africa|'''Afrika e ka Wikibooks''']]&lt;/br&gt; Manuals &amp; Texts
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:·</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2353</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7165</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-31T15:56:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/includeonly&gt;</comment>
      <origin>7165</origin>
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      <text bytes="75" sha1="7wlsyjhkaursvheduvttms330c7v3tq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Afrika-xifaniso</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2354</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38680</id>
      <parentid>29941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-28T01:28:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_Togo.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Togo_(3-2).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: 3-2 aspect ratio is more accurate than &quot;golden ratio&quot;.  See [[:c::en:Talk:Flag of Togo#Truly_golden?|]] for more information.).</comment>
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      <text bytes="11137" sha1="9updkqpwd6xxf25e8cmg1knv3fgoeqf" xml:space="preserve">{{Image label begin|image=Africa-ts.png|width={{{width|700}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}} 
{{Image label small|x=0.95|y=0.82|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Central African Republic|Afrika wale xikarhi]]}}
{{Image label small|x=1.065|y=0.75|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.66|y=0.40|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Algeria|Algeriya]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.68|y=0.34|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Algeria.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.95|y=1.26|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Angola]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.96|y=1.20|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Angola.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=1.0|y=1.63|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.92|y=1.63|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of South Africa.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.45|y=1.14|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Benin]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.375|y=1.13|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Benin.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=1.059|y=1.46|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Botswana]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.55|y=1.037|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Burundi]]}}
{{Image label small|x=1.66|y=1.034|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Burundi.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.83|y=0.86|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Cameroon]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.85|y=0.80|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Cameroon.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=1.00|y=0.66|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Chad]]}}
{{Image label small|x=1.00|y=0.60|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Chad.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.48|y=0.75|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Cote D'Ivoire]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.62|y=0.53|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Djibouti]]}}
{{Image label small|x=1.73|y=0.52|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Djibouti.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=1.03|y=1.032|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Democratic Republic of the Congo|&lt;Big&gt;DRC&lt;/Big&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=1.13|y=1.025|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=1.20|y=0.35|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Egypt]]}}
{{Image label small|x=1.20|y=0.39|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Egypt.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=1.48|y=0.46|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Eritrea|Eritreya]]}}
{{Image label small|x=1.59|y=0.46|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Eritrea.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.83|y=1.005|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Gabon|Gaboni]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.14|y=0.66|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Gambia|Gambiya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.45|y=0.975|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Ghana]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.25|y=0.79|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Guinea|Gineya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.14|y=0.73|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Guinea Bissau|Gineya Bisawu]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.3|y=1.30|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Equetorial Guinea|Gineya ya le Nkaveni]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.37|y=0.96|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Kenya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.40|y=1.71|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Lesotho]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.94|y=0.40|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Libya|Libiya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.25|y=0.9.1|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Liberia|Layiberiya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.74|y=1.38|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Madagascar]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.61|y=1.14|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Malawi]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.61|y=0.58|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Mali]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.40|y=0.54|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Mauritania|Maritana]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.59|y=0.12|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Morocco]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.40|y=1.56|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Mozambique|Mozambiki]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.89|y=1.46|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Namibia|Namibiya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.82|y=0.62|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Niger]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.75|y=0.75|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Nigeria]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.68|y=0.97|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Rwanda]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.45|y=1.39|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Congo Republic|Repabliki ya Congo]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.09|y=0.36|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Western Sahara|Sahara ya Vupela-dyambu]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=0.40|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Western Sahara.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.14|y=0.60|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Senegal]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.16|y=0.54|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Senegal.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.21|y=0.85|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Sierra Leone|Siyera Liyona]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.40|y=1.65|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Swaziland]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.74|y=0.65|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Somalia|Somaliya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.18|y=0.65|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Sudan]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.30|y=1.13|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Tanzania]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.45|y=1.05|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Togo]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.375|y=1.04|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=1.42|y=0.795|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Ethiopia|Topiya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.02|y=0.12|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Tunisia|Tunixiya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.68|y=0.87|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Uganda]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.11|y=1.28|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Zambia|Zambiya]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=1.19|y=1.38|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Zimbabwe]]}}
{{Image label small|x=1.23|y=1.33|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.05|y=1.50|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=&lt;U&gt;'''[[Swihlala Swa Afrika]]'''&lt;/U&gt;}}

{{Image label small|x=0.13|y=1.56|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Cape Verde]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.05|y=1.55|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Cape Verde.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.38|y=1.56|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Sao_Tome_%26_Principe|Sao Tome na Principe]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.13|y=1.62|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Saint Helena]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.38|y=1.62|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Mauritius]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.13|y=1.68|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Comoros]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.05|y=1.67|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.38|y=1.68|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Seychelles]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.3|y=1.67|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg|border|25px]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.13|y=1.74|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Reunion]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.3|y=1.725|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Juan de Nova Island]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.05|y=1.8|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Bassis de India]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.3|y=1.76|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Europa Island]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.3|y=1.80|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Bouvet Island]]}}

{{Image label small|x=0.60|y=1.80|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Mayotte Island]]}}

{{Image label end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Portal:Africa/About</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2356</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8420</id>
      <parentid>7704</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-10T15:34:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>8420</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4610" sha1="o6vn7kt0lhlu6bpmp5e57vaarl77oju" xml:space="preserve">{| align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;| style=&quot;width:100%; vertical-align:top; background-color:transparent;&quot; |
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Culture of Africa|Ndhzavuko]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Architecture of Africa|Vuaki]] ([[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Tindhzawu ta mfuwo wa rixaka]]){{·}} [[African art|Vuqambhi]]{{·}} [[African cinema|Cinema]] ([[List of film festivals in Africa|Mintlangiso ya tifilimi]]{{·}} [[List of African films|Nxaxamelo wa tifilimi]]){{·}} [[Cuisine of Africa|Swakudya]]{{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Etiquette in Africa|Matikhomele]]{{·}} [[Languages of Africa|Tndzimi]]{{·}} [[African literature|Tibuku]] ([[List of African writers by country|Vatsari kuya hi vutiko]]){{·}} [[Music of Africa|Vunanga]] ([[List of African musicians|Va yimbeleri]]){{·}} [[Religion in Africa|Vukhongeri]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Demographics of Africa|Swiyimo swa vanhu Hi malembe]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[African people|Vanhu]]{{·}} [[List of African countries by population|Matiko hi ku talaka vanhu]]{{·}} [[List of African countries by population density|Matiko hi ku tlimbana ka vanhu]]{{·}} [[HIV/AIDS in Africa|Vuvabyi bya HIV/AIDS]]{{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Urbanization in Africa|Ku Hluvukisiwa ka tinzhawu]] ([[List of most populous cities in Africa|Nxaxamelo wa madoroba lama ngani vanhu hi xitalo]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Economy of Africa|Rifuwo]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[List of African countries by GDP|Matiko kuya hi GDP]]{{·}} [[List of African countries by Human Development Index|Matiko kuya hi HDI]]{{·}} [[Central banks and currencies of Africa|Tibangi mfumo na Mali]]{{·}} [[Poverty in Africa|Vutsweti]]{{·}} [[Renewable energy in Africa|Matimba ya vutirhisi ya ntumbuluko]]{{·}} [[List of African stock exchanges|Mavhengele na kuxavisa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Geography of Africa|Ntivo-mbagu]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Matiko ya Afrika|Matiko]]{{·}} [[Ecology of Africa|Ntivo-ntumbuluko]]{{·}} [[Swihlala_Swa_Afrika|Nxaxamelo wa swihlala]]{{·}} [[List of rivers of Africa|Nxaxamelo wa milambu]]{{·}} [[Regions of Africa|Swifundza]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[History of Africa|Matimu]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Colonisation of Africa|Vu kolonyi]] ([[European exploration of Africa|Kunghenelela ka Yuropa]]{{·}} [[Ku xavisiwa ka mahlonga e Afrika]]{{·}} [[Nkwetlembetwano hi Afrika]]){{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Decolonisation of Africa|Ntshuxeko eka vukolonyi]]{{·}} [[Economic history of Africa|Matimu ya ta Rifuwo]]{{·}} [[Military history of Africa|Matimu ya tinyimpi]] ([[List of conflicts in Africa|Nxaxamelo wa Minjeka-njekisano]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Politics of Africa|Tipolotiki]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Nhlangano wa matiko ya Afrika]]{{·}} [[Nhlawulo e Afrika]]{{·}} [[Tmfanelo to vanhu e Afrika]]{{·}} [[Pan-Africanism]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[:Category:African society|Ntsungu wa vanhu]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Filosofi ya Afrika]]{{·}} [[Education in Africa|Tidyondzo]]{{·}} [[Media in Africa|Vuhaxi]] ([[List of radio stations in Africa|Nxaxamelo wa switichi swa Rhadiyo]]{{·}} [[List of television stations in Africa|Nxaxamelo&amp;nbsp;wa&amp;nbsp;Switichi swa&amp;nbsp;Thelevhixini]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[:Category:Sport in Africa|Mintlangu]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Nhlangano wa Khrikete wa Afrika]]{{·}} [[Mintlangu ya Afrika]]{{·}} [[FIBA Africa]]{{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Nhlangano wa Bholo ya milenge wa Afrika]] ([[Xidlodlo ya Bholo ya milenge xa Afrika]]){{·}} [[List of African stadiums by capacity|Mavala ya mintlangu hi vukulu]]{{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Nhlangano wa Rugby wa Afrika]] ([[Khapu ya Afrika]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[:Category:Africa by year|Malembe]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[2005 e Africa]]{{·}} [[2006 e Africa]]{{·}} [[2007 e Africa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Swivongo swa Xitsonga|Swivongo]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[:Category:Swivongo swa Xitsonga|Swivongo swa Xitsonga]]{{·}} [[:Category:Swivongo swa Xirhonga|Swivongo swa Xirhonga]]{{·}} [[:Category:Swivongo swa Xithswa|Swivongo swa Xithswa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Castile na León</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2357</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2013-03-07T18:11:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5610308]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="20" sha1="eqdr4q5cbfff0eildd0iwtburtf9xwm" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Spaniya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Portal:Spain</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2360</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32170</id>
      <parentid>25759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T12:51:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Content removal</comment>
      <origin>32170</origin>
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      <text bytes="1920" sha1="a5aok0bz8iun3j1pufkheuw3pvh83ye" xml:space="preserve">{| width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;background:#F0F8FF; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:darkkhaki;&quot;
| width=&quot;55%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; margin:0;&quot; | 
&lt;!-- This portal was created using subst:box portal skeleton| topic=Topic|  --&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; width:100%;&quot;&gt;

{{/box-header|'''&lt;big&gt;N&lt;/big&gt;yangwa &lt;big&gt;N&lt;/big&gt;kulu wa &lt;big&gt;S&lt;/big&gt;paniya'''|Portal:Spain/Intro|}}
{{:Portal:Spain/Intro}}
{{/box-footer|}}

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://ts.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Spain&amp;action=purge '''&lt;font color=&quot;002bb8&quot;&gt;Ndzikombe ti mhaka leti tahaku hlawuriwaka'''&lt;/font&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

{{/box-header|Tinhloko-mhkaka leti yelanaka na Spaniya|Portal:Spain/Spain-related topics|}}
{{:Portal:Spain/Spain-related topics}}
{{/box-footer|}}

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; width:49%;&quot;&gt; &lt;!-- This width add to the the margin below to equal 99%--&gt;

{{/box-header|Hlawula nhloko-mhaka|Portal:Spain/Select article|}}
{{:Portal:Spain/Select article}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Hlawula xifaniso|Portal:Spain/Select picture|}}
{{:Portal:Spain/Select picture}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Miganga leyi tiyimeleke ya Spaniya|Portal:Spain/Autonomous Communities of Spain|}}
{{:Portal:Spain/Autonomous Communities of Spain}}
{{/box-footer|}}
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; width:50%&quot;&gt; &lt;!-- This margin should be right of the above --&gt;

{{:Portal:Spain/Select biography}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Hlawula ndzhawu|Portal:Spain/Select place|}}
{{:Portal:Spain/Select place}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Hlawula ntshaho|Portal:Spain/Selected quotes|}}
{{:Portal:Spain/Selected quotes}}
{{/box-footer|}}
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; width:100%&quot;&gt;
{{/box-header|Swiyenge|Portal:Spain/Categories|}}
{{:Portal:Spain/Categories}}
{{/box-footer|}}

{{/box-header|Minyangwa-nkulu|Portal:Spain/Portals|}}
{{:portals-Available}}
{{/box-footer|}}

&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Image label begin</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <timestamp>2015-08-05T22:35:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 3 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8983817]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="263" sha1="tb90bhzp7hq71lahmm4uvnqfw2d8ho0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;nounderlines&quot; style=&quot;float: {{{float|none}}}; margin: {{{margin|none}}}; border: {{{border|none}}}; clear: {{{float|none}}}; &quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative;&quot;&gt;
[[Image:{{{image|Example.png}}}|{{{width|400}}}px]]&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Image label small</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <id>27422</id>
      <parentid>26147</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-05T22:35:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 3 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5989783]]</comment>
      <origin>27422</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="183" sha1="lo8b7yfcazd8v0lyevxbhau5n2kglm0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;&quot;&gt;{{Image label|x={{{x|0}}}|y={{{y|0}}}|scale={{{scale|1}}}|text={{{text}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Image label begin/doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Image label begin/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2365</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7211</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-31T18:25:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;!-- Explicit new line here --&gt; &lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Labelled image map templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/includeonly&gt; {{notice|There are far too many labelled image templates with widths and s...</comment>
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      <text bytes="7905" sha1="1fs088ludkwapmgy8ol3j8312deda26" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Explicit new line here --&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Labelled image map templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;
{{notice|There are far too many labelled image templates with widths and scales of -1 or are inconsistent. Please don't do that. Keep both widths and scales greater than zero and exactly the same in each template. For example, if width is 300, then all the scales must also be 300. Thanks.}}
&lt;center&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; border: 1px dashed black; width: 50px;&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk%3ALanarkshire_and_Ayrshire_Railway_Map&amp;diff=165876967&amp;oldid=165872467 Fix]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

This [[Wikipedia:Template|template]] is a [[Wikipedia:Avoid self-references|self-reference]] and so is part of the Wikipedia project rather than the encyclopaedic content.

This template will automatically categorise the current template into: [[:Category:Labelled image map templates]].
&lt;!--
A div within a div is used to avoid the labels offsetting a little higher than expected when floating left or right:
* &lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: {{{float|none}}}; clear: {{{float|none}}};&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
* &lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;positlion: relative;&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;

Template page may need to be reloaded once to eliminate the slight horizontal offset.

Line height style in div distorts label locations
--&gt;
==How to use==

Consider this example for [[Template:Australia Labelled Map]]:
 &amp;#123;{Image label begin|width=&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;{width|400}}}&lt;/span&gt;|image=&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;Australia location map recolored.png&lt;/span&gt;|float=&lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;{float|none}}}&lt;/span&gt;}} 
 &amp;#123;{Image label small|scale=&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;{width|400}}}&lt;/span&gt;|x=&lt;span style=&quot;color: brown;&quot;&gt;0.260&lt;/span&gt;|y=&lt;span style=&quot;color: brown;&quot;&gt;0.3450&lt;/span&gt;|text=&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&amp;#91;[Western Australia|Western Australia]]&lt;/span&gt;}}
 &amp;#123;{Image label small|scale=&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;{width|400}}}&lt;/span&gt;|x=&lt;span style=&quot;color: brown;&quot;&gt;0.480&lt;/span&gt;|y=&lt;span style=&quot;color: brown;&quot;&gt;0.2000&lt;/span&gt;|text=&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&amp;#91;[Northern Territory|Northern Territory]]&lt;/span&gt;}}
 &amp;#123;{Image label small|scale=&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;{width|400}}}&lt;/span&gt;|x=&lt;span style=&quot;color: brown;&quot;&gt;0.505&lt;/span&gt;|y=&lt;span style=&quot;color: brown;&quot;&gt;0.4025&lt;/span&gt;|text=&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&amp;#91;[South Australia|South Australia]]&lt;/span&gt;}}
 ...
 &amp;#123;{Image label end}}

&lt;div style=&quot;float: right;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/div&gt;
===Width/Scale===

In this example, '''all widths must be set to the same number''' of 400 as the default width.
They must all be the same number of 400 for the template to be &lt;u&gt;functionally scalable&lt;/u&gt;.
This means they can be displayed at a different size by supplying a width parameter to the template when in use.
For example, ''&amp;#123;{Australia Labelled Map|width=500}}'' will display the labelled image as a larger one of 500 pixels in width instead of 400.

To change the default size, put the wiki markup in [[Notepad]], and search and replace
&quot;&lt;tt&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;{width|400}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;
with
&quot;&lt;tt&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;{width|500}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;.

For earthly geographic maps, conforming to these specifications can allow easier conversion to for any other purposes such as for the use of {{tl|Location map+}}.

===X/Y===

X and Y values are always between 0 and 1.
They represent the percentages of the width and height respectively where the label will be placed.
The exact point is the top-left corner of the image label.
 x=0  |y=0   will place the top-left corner of the label at the top-left     of the image
 x=0  |y=1   will place the top-left corner of the label at the bottom-left  of the image
 x=1  |y=1   will place the top-left corner of the label at the bottom-right of the image
 x=1  |y=0   will place the top-left corner of the label at the top-right    of the image
 x=0.5|y=0.5 will place the top-left corner of the label at the centre       of the image

===Image===

The title of the wiki page of the image without the &quot;Image:&quot; prefix.

===Text===

The text label to display as wiki markup.

===Float===

Three options:
 &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{float|none}}}  makes the image sit on its own line of the page by default
 &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{float|left}}}  makes the image pushed to the left of the page  by default
 &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{float|right}}} makes the image pushed to the right of the page by default

==Template set==
* &amp;#123;{[[Template:Image label begin|Image label begin]]|image=Example.png|width=400|float=right}}
** {{tl|Image label start}}
* &amp;#123;{[[Template:Image label|Image label]]|x=0.25|y=0.75|scale=400|text=&amp;#91;[Wikipedia]]}}
* &amp;#123;{[[Template:Image label small|Image label small]]|x=0.25|y=0.75|scale=400|text=&amp;#91;[Wikipedia]]}}
* {{tl|Image label end}}

==Tool==
* [http://mujibab.googlepages.com/labelledimageeditor Labelled Image Editor]
** '''Labelled Image Editor 2''' - ''Coming Soon'' -- [[User:Zondor|Zondor]] 07:38, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

==Sample labelled images==

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 8pt;&quot;&gt;
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-1-of-3}}
* {{tl|Africa Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Armenia Labelled Map}}
* {{t1|Asia Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|AtL Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Australia Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Australian Capitals Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Australian domestic cricket Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Bulgaria Provinces}}
* {{tl|Brazil Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Caribbean Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Caucasus Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Chile Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Colombia Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Dhaka City Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Earth Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|England Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Cornwall Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|England Ceremonial Counties Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Leicestershire Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Europe Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|European Union Labelled Map (blue)}}
* {{tl|European Union Labelled Map (brown)}}
* {{tl|Eurovision Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Eurozone Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|France Regions Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Fußball-Bundesliga teams 07-08 Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Gaza Strip Labelled Map}}
{{Col-2-of-3}}
* {{tl|Georgia Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|IBL}}
* {{tl|India States and Territories Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Indonesia provinces}}
* {{tl|Iraq football labelled map}}
* {{tl|Iran football labelled map}}
* {{tl|Jericho TV series map}}
* {{tl|La Liga teams map 2006-07}}
* {{tl|La Liga teams map 2007-08}}
* {{tl|La Liga teams map 2008-09}}
* {{tl|Lebanon Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Middle-earth Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Peru Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Poland Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Provinces of Iran Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Mazandaran Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Hamedan Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari Labelled Map}}
** {{t1|Neighborhoods of Tehran metropolis Labelled Map}}
** {{t1|Persian Gulf Cup 2007-08 Labelled Map}}
** {{t1|Iran Ethnic Groups Labelled Map}}
* [[Qingzang railway/Map]]
* {{tl|Schengen Agreement Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Shanghai Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Singapore Urban Planning Areas Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|South America Labelled Map}}
{{Col-3-of-3}}
* {{tl|Switzerland Cantons Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Sydney Urban Areas Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Syria Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Al-Hasakah Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Aleppo Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Ar-Raqqah Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|As-Suwayda Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Daraa Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Deir ez-Zor Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Hama Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Homs Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Idlib Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Latakia Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Quneitra Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Rif Dimashq Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Tartus Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Turkey Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Ukraine Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|Crimea Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|United States Labelled Map}}
** {{tl|New York City Labelled Map}}
**[[User:ComputerGuy890100/Western US Map]]
* [[User:Henry Flower/Map]]
* {{tl|West Bank Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|World Labelled Map}}
* {{tl|Yugoslavia Labelled Map}}
{{Col-end}}
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Image label</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>27423</id>
      <parentid>26151</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-05T22:36:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 5 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5614901]]</comment>
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{{Documentation, template|Template:Image label begin/doc}}
 		 
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      <minor />
      <comment>Dr. Sroy moved page [[Template:Documentation, template]] to [[Template:Translation needed]]: Meaningless title was given</comment>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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      <comment>New page: {{Portal:Box-header | title={{{1}}}  |editpage={{{2}}}  |border=#000000         &lt;!-- This is the color of the borders around  Box Sections (H170 S40 V75) --&gt; |titleforeground=white    &lt;!--...</comment>
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|editpage={{{2}}} 
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|titleforeground=white    &lt;!-- This is the color of the Box Section Title Bar text--&gt;
|titlebackground=darkkhaki &lt;!-- This is the color of the Box Section Title Bar (H170 S40 V85) --&gt;
|background=white         &lt;!-- This is the color of the Box Section background --&gt;
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      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 3 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5626313]]</comment>
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         --&gt;position: relative; &lt;!--
         --&gt;border: {{{border-type|solid}}} {{{titleborder|{{{border|#ababab}}}}}}; &lt;!--
         --&gt;border-width: {{{border-top|{{{border-width|1}}}}}}px {{{border-width|1}}}px 0; &lt;!--
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         --&gt;text-align: {{{title-align|center}}};&lt;!--
         --&gt;margin-bottom: 0px;&lt;!--
         --&gt;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{EDITLINK|}}} ||
&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &lt;!--
 --&gt;style=&quot;position: absolute;&lt;!--
             --&gt;top: 1px;&lt;!--
             --&gt;right: 1px;&lt;!--
             --&gt;margin-bottom:.1em;&lt;!--
             --&gt;font-size:{{{font-size|80%}}};&lt;!--

             --&gt; color: {{{titleforeground|#000}}}&quot;&gt;{{
#if: {{{noedit|}}} || [{{fullurl:{{{editpage|/}}}|action=edit{{#if: {{{section|}}} |&amp;section={{{section}}}}}}} &lt;span style=&quot;color: {{{titleforeground|#000}}}&quot;&gt;edit&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;}}{{#if: {{{viewpage|}}} |'''·'''&amp;nbsp;[[:{{{viewpage}}}|&lt;font color=&quot;{{{titleforeground|black}}}&quot;&gt;view&lt;/font&gt;]]&amp;nbsp;}}{{{top|}}}&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;!-- endif EDITLINK
--&gt;{{#if: {{{SPAN|}}} |&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:{{{title-font-size|100%}}}; font-weight:bold; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:{{{titleforeground|#000}}};{{{extra|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{title}}}&lt;/span&gt;|&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-size:{{{title-font-size|100%}}}; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:{{{titleforeground|#000}}};{{{extra|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{title}}}&lt;/h2&gt;}}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display:block; border: {{{border-width|1}}}px solid {{{border|#ababab}}}; &lt;!--
         --&gt;border-top-width: {{{border-top|1}}}px; &lt;!--
         --&gt;vertical-align: top;&lt;!--
         --&gt;background: {{{background|#fefeef}}};&lt;!--
         --&gt; color: {{{foreground|#000}}}; &lt;!--
         --&gt;text-align: {{{text-align|left}}};&lt;!--
         --&gt; margin: 0 0 10px; &lt;!--
         --&gt;padding: {{{padding|1em}}};&lt;!--
         --&gt;padding-top: {{{padding-top|.3em;}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{TOC|}}} | |__NOTOC__}}{{#if: {{{EDIT|}}} | |__NOEDITSECTION__}}&lt;noinclude&gt;Test text with [[Wikipedia:Links|link]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, 

sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. 

Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. 

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.

 Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.{{Portal:Box-footer}}

== Box-header color palettes ==

The following box-headers are examples of [[HSL and HSV|HSV]] color palettes arranged by [[hue]]. They can be copied to your portal's &lt;tt&gt;/box-header&lt;/tt&gt; subpage. 

&lt;center&gt;
'''Border: Hn/S15/V75&amp;nbsp;• Background: Hn/S4/V100&amp;nbsp;• Header 1: Hn/S40/V85&amp;nbsp;• Header 2: Hn/S15/V95&amp;nbsp;• Header 3: Hn/S10/V100'''
&lt;/center&gt;

=== H0 ===

[[Portal:Box-header/1]]
{{Portal:Box-header/1}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/2]]
{{Portal:Box-header/2}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/3]]
{{Portal:Box-header/3}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H30 ===

[[Portal:Box-header/4]]
{{Portal:Box-header/4}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/5]]
{{Portal:Box-header/5}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/6]]
{{Portal:Box-header/6}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H60 ===

&lt;center&gt;
'''Border: H60/S15/V75&amp;nbsp;• Background: H60/S4/V100&amp;nbsp;• Header 1: H60/S40/V100&amp;nbsp;• Header 2: H60/S15/V100&amp;nbsp;• Header 3: H60/S10/V100'''
&lt;/center&gt;

[[Portal:Box-header/7]]
{{Portal:Box-header/7}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/8]]
{{Portal:Box-header/8}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/9]]
{{Portal:Box-header/9}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H60 ===
[[Portal:Box-header/10]]
{{Portal:Box-header/10}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/11]]
{{Portal:Box-header/11}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/12]]
{{Portal:Box-header/12}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H90 ===

[[Portal:Box-header/13]]
{{Portal:Box-header/13}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/14]]
{{Portal:Box-header/14}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/15]]
{{Portal:Box-header/15}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H120 ===
[[Portal:Box-header/16]]
{{Portal:Box-header/16}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/17]]
{{Portal:Box-header/17}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/18]]
{{Portal:Box-header/18}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H150 ===
[[Portal:Box-header/19]]
{{Portal:Box-header/19}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/20]]
{{Portal:Box-header/20}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/21]]
{{Portal:Box-header/21}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H180 ===
[[Portal:Box-header/22]]
{{Portal:Box-header/22}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/23]]
{{Portal:Box-header/23}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/24]]
{{Portal:Box-header/24}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H210 ===
[[Portal:Box-header/25]]
{{Portal:Box-header/25}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/26]]
{{Portal:Box-header/26}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/27]]
{{Portal:Box-header/27}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H240 ===
[[Portal:Box-header/28]]
{{Portal:Box-header/28}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/29]]
{{Portal:Box-header/29}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/30]]
{{Portal:Box-header/30}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H270 ===
[[Portal:Box-header/31]]
{{Portal:Box-header/31}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/32]]
{{Portal:Box-header/32}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/33]]
{{Portal:Box-header/33}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H300 ===
[[Portal:Box-header/34]]
{{Portal:Box-header/34}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/35]]
{{Portal:Box-header/35}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/36]]
{{Portal:Box-header/36}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H330 ===
[[Portal:Box-header/37]]
{{Portal:Box-header/37}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/38]]
{{Portal:Box-header/38}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/39]]
{{Portal:Box-header/39}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

=== H0 S0 ===

&lt;center&gt;
'''Border: H0/S0/V75&amp;nbsp;• Background: H0/S0/V100&amp;nbsp;• Header 1: H0/S0/V75&amp;nbsp;• Header 2: H0/S0/V85&amp;nbsp;• Header 3: H0/S0/V95'''
&lt;/center&gt;

[[Portal:Box-header/40]]
{{Portal:Box-header/40}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/41]]
{{Portal:Box-header/41}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}

[[Portal:Box-header/42]]
{{Portal:Box-header/42}}
{{Portal:Box-footer}}


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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{{{{{rootpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}/{{{subpage}}}/{{#expr: {{rand|{{{max|1}}}|{{mod|{{#time:U}}|{{{seed|17}}}}} }} + 1}}}}
{{ #ifeq: {{{footer|}}}||&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;|{{/box-footer|[[{{{rootpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}/{{{subpage}}}|{{{footer}}}]]}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
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These are the literal class definitions in common.css:
 
/* For template documentation */
.template-documentation {
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    margin: 1em 0 0 0;
    border: 1px solid #aaa; 
    background-color: #ecfcf4; 
    padding: 5px;
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 --&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{heading|μ}}}|&lt;!--**DEFINED BUT EMPTY**--&gt;
  |&lt;!--**NOTHING**--&gt;
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    |&lt;!--**/doc DOESN'T EXIST**--&gt;[[{{fullurl:{{{1|{{Documentation/docname }}}}}|action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Documentation/preload}} create]]
   }}&lt;/span&gt;
  }} &lt;span style=&quot;{{#if:{{{heading-style|}}}|{{{heading-style}}}|{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:template}}|font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%|font-size: 150%}}}}&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{heading|}}}|{{{heading}}}|{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:template}}|[[Image:Template-info.svg|50px]] Template documentation|Documentation}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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 --&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;template_doc_page_transcluded&quot; class=&quot;dablink plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{{1|{{Documentation/docname}}}}}
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 }}}}}}
 &lt;/div&gt;
{{#if:{{{content|}}}|{{{content}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{1|{{Documentation/docname}}}}} | {{ {{{1|{{Documentation/docname}}}}} }} }}}}
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2375</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7230</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-31T18:54:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
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      <comment>New page: &lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;{{{1|}}}&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</comment>
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  <page>
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    <id>2376</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7234</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-31T19:00:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;{{Mod|((({{#time:U}}+({{{2|{{#time:z}}}}}))*({{{3|67}}})+{{NUMBEROFARTICLES:R}})*({{{3|67}}})+{{NUMBEROFUSERS:R}})*({{{3|67}}})+{{NUMBEROFFILES:R}} |{{{1|100}}}}}&lt;/includeonly...</comment>
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|{{{1|100}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
&lt;!-- Please put all metadata in documentation page [[Template:Rand/doc]] --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <id>2377</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7235</id>
      <timestamp>2008-07-31T19:01:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{pp-meta |type=indef |small={{{small|}}} |demospace={{{demospace|}}} |expiry=&lt;!--not applicable--&gt; |dispute=no |icon-text=Thi...</comment>
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|small={{{small|}}}
|demospace={{{demospace|}}}
|expiry=&lt;!--not applicable--&gt;
|dispute=no
|icon-text=This {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:6}}|image, included in a high-risk template or message,|high-risk template}} is indefinitely protected from editing to prevent vandalism.
|reason-text=This {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
  |{{ns:image}}=image, used in one or more [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk templates]] and/or [[Special:Allmessages|system messages]],
  |#default=[[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk template]]
}} has been [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from editing to prevent [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:image}}=&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Do not move this image''' to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]].&lt;/small&gt;}}
|categories={{{categories|[[Category:Protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|categories=no}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;padding:4px 10px;&quot; | {{{1|Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. &lt;noinclude&gt;{{lorem ipsum}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
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|-
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      <text bytes="269" sha1="qbpy8yl2nl95rk1k93mni6gr5epy5n0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;This template adds the help &amp; edit links at the bottom of portal boxes.&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;div align=right style=&quot;float:right; font-size:80%;&quot;&gt;[[Help:Portal|Mpfuno]] | &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}{{{1}}}|action=edit}} Lulamisa]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-01T09:54:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
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      <comment>New page: {{projectbox|theme={{{theme|11}}}|icon={{{icon|Crystal 128 desktop.png}}}|doc=yes|text={{{text|'''[[Help:Resources by completion status|Completion status]]''': unknown.}}} {{#if:{{{add|}}}...</comment>
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      <text bytes="556" sha1="ewojh3ib74zjxk9uarbtpn55dn7ujlj" xml:space="preserve">{{projectbox|theme={{{theme|11}}}|icon={{{icon|Crystal 128 desktop.png}}}|doc=yes|text={{{text|'''[[Help:Resources by completion status|Completion status]]''': unknown.}}} {{#if:{{{add|}}}|{{{add}}}}}|visible={{{visible|yes}}}|style={{{style|userbox}}}}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{cat}}}|stub|{{StubDateSort}}|{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:{{{cat}}}]]}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Topic|[[Category:{{{cat}}}]]}}}} &lt;/includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|[[Category:Development status templates]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category: project box templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Projectbox</title>
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      <text bytes="927" sha1="ozk2qp3fpvub4klcmh0eztea2x6oic4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; clear:right; margin-left:5px; margin-bottom:1px; margin-top:1px; border:1px solid {{Robelbox/C2|{{{theme|9}}}}};&quot;&gt;
{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:350px; background:{{Robelbox/C1|{{{theme|9}}}}}; {{#if:{{{height|}}}|height:{{{height|100%}}}}}; border:0px;&quot;
 | style=&quot;width:45px;height:45px;background:{{Robelbox/C3|{{{theme|9}}}}};text-align:center;border:0px;&quot; | [[Image:{{{icon|Crystal kthememgr.svg}}}|36px]]
 | style=&quot;font-size:8pt; padding:0.5em; line-height:1.25em; border:0px;&quot; | {{{text|This is a project box template}}}
 |}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;

== Usage ==

&lt;pre&gt;
{{projectbox|theme=[0-14]|icon=[name_of_image]|text=[description]}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{Projectbox/doc}}
[[Category:Project box templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|{{#ifeq:{{{doc|no}}}|yes|{{Projectbox/doc}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|[[Category:project boxes]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ozk2qp3fpvub4klcmh0eztea2x6oic4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Projectbox/doc</title>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-01T09:56:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Purpose */</comment>
      <origin>7332</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="5480" sha1="div3itlupu59aa3xt0lws87gme6fhqy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;''This is the documentation for project boxes. It gets transcluded into project box templates. See [[Template:Projectbox]].'' [[Category:project boxes]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;

== Documentation and help for this template ==
&lt;includeonly&gt;''The following information has been transcluded from [[Template:Projectbox/doc]] into this template.''&lt;/includeonly&gt;
* See [[Help:Project boxes]] for a general overview of project boxes.

===Purpose===

The main purpose of project boxes is '''''organisational'''''.
# Project boxes help categorise educational resources on [[Wikipedia]] into the most important categories by which Wikiversity is organised.
# It's '''''better to categorise by template than by manual category tagging''''' because this allows parser functions to be inserted at a later date which can retrospectively divide 1000's of pages into sub-categories when the main category has got too large. Programmers and scriptwriters can also retrospectively change category names, add extra categories or run other advanced organisational operations on resources as a group. In short: you do a great favour to Wikiversity if major categorisation is by template (project box), not by manual category tagging.
# The words, links, colours and icons are all of secondary importance and can be overridden.
# The words, links, colours and icons are attractive, fun and useful. They serve the purpose of encouraging many users to use project boxes. Of course, not everyone will like them. But many will. Many people who never categorise their resources will be attracted to project boxes because of their appearance. It is unlikely that most people will be attracted by the organisational function - they will place appearance first. But attracting people to project boxes ultimately serves the purpose of better organising Wikiversity.

Why does Wikiversity need this extra layer of organisation?

# Most other Wikimedia projects only have one type of resource per project. Wikiversity has a large and indefinite number of resource types. In other words, Wikiversity content is inherently more complex and therefore needs more organisation.
# Small wikis need low-maintenance solutions. Project boxes are a low-maintenance organisational solution.
# '''Metadata''': this is about sharing catalogues of resources with other educational websites. Promotion of [[open educational resources]] largely occurs through metadata sharing. The project boxes project is largely framed around the common metadata schemes and will allow for future MediaWiki extensions to quickly build metadata catalogues.

=== Usage and customisation ===

You can use all project boxes without any additional configuration at all. Normally they just work by inserting their name into the page code between curly brackets - like this:

&lt;div align=center style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

However you can do more than this if you wish by specifying additional parameters.

====List of parameters ====

''Only valid when this template is fully developed.''

* '''text''': specify an alternative text (overrides the default text).
* '''add''': specify text to append to the end of the default text.
* '''theme''': value 0 to 14; specifies an alternative colour scheme.
* '''icon''': specify an alternative icon; just give it the image name.
* '''style''': currently inactive; will enable the template to adopt different styles.
* '''visible''': currently inactive; will enable a user to toggle the template between categorise-only (invisible) or category+box (visible) modes.

=== Default wording ===

By their nature, project boxes have to be economical with words. The use of few words means that ambiguities, unintended interpretations and other unpleasant things may emerge in the course of time, or the choice of words may unwittingly reflect a particular point of view. Further, many of the original project boxes were created rapidly in large numbers, with little reflection or discussion of the wording. If you wish to suggest alternative default wording, you can use the talk pages for this purpose. It may be better to use the '''''talk page of the corresponding help page''''' for this purpose. When suggesting an alternative default wording:
* consider how many users chose to use the template in its current form;
* consider the option to '''''productively fork''''';
* take into account the option for each user to override the defaults when transcluding;
* consider the option to extend rather than fork a template (because the variables are public);
* consider the need to avoid template clutter.

=== Project box controversy and the deletion of this template ===

Project boxes derive from user boxes. User boxes can be controversial and are often proposed for deletion (e.g. [[w:Wikipedia:Deletion review/Userbox debates/Archived]]). Reasons include problems with default wording (see above) as well as a wider feeling that user boxes are a pointless and distracting fad.

Before proposing this template for deletion:
* please remember that Wikiversity project boxes have a different purpose from user boxes - they serve an essential organisational function as regards the content of Wikiversity;
* as a last resort, an alternative is to render the project box invisible by default - i.e. preserve its categorisation function.

=== List of project box help pages ===
{{Help:project_boxes/list}}
__NOTOC__</text>
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      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;''Please don't edit this unless you really know what you are doing! Thanks.&lt;/noinclude&gt; {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:Resources last modified in {{RevisionMonthName}} {{REVI...</comment>
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{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:Resources last modified in {{RevisionMonthName}} {{REVISIONYEAR}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||{{#ifeq:{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}|{{RevisionMonthName}}|[[Category:Freshly started resources]]}}}}</text>
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      <comment>New page: {{#switch:{{{1|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}} |1=Sunguti |2=Nyenyenyani |3=Nyenyankulu |4=Dzivamisoko |5=Mudyaxihi |6=Khotavuxika |7=Mawuwani |8=Mhawuri |9=Ndzhati |10=Nhlangula |11=Hukuri |12=N'wen...</comment>
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|1=Sunguti
|2=Nyenyenyani
|3=Nyenyankulu
|4=Dzivamisoko
|5=Mudyaxihi
|6=Khotavuxika
|7=Mawuwani
|8=Mhawuri
|9=Ndzhati
|10=Nhlangula
|11=Hukuri
|12=N'wendzamhala
}}</text>
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    <title>Category:Freshly started resources</title>
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      <comment>New page: Matsalwa lawa ya ha ku sunguriwaka</comment>
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    <title>Category:Resources last modified in Mhawuri 2008</title>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:17:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Matsalwa lawa yanga hetelela ku lulamisiwa hi Mhawuri 2008</comment>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Help:Resources by completion status</title>
    <ns>12</ns>
    <id>2400</id>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:33:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Purpose of these project boxes */</comment>
      <origin>7366</origin>
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      <text bytes="9481" sha1="cpls4sxyonk1a0xatayaag5mrzhorrd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Project boxes/Nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;This page is a guideline for '''completion status''' [[Help:project boxes|project boxes]]. They can also be thought of as &quot;development cycle&quot; indicators. 

== Purpose of these project boxes ==

The main purpose of these project boxes is to categorise resources into one of '''five''' development status categories ''so that Wikipedia users can more easily sort out what they want to look at''. 
* '''Article developers''' can zoom in on resources which are stuck at the earlier stage of development and help move them along. This can be done even more effectively if a parser function is run against the categories in question to additionally sort them by date of last edit, so that very old and undeveloped resources can be identified (this sorting has already been done using these project boxes).
* '''Learners''' can quickly find well developed resources to learn from, rather than getting lost in the middle of undeveloped ones and running away with the impression that there aren't any learning materials which are sufficiently well developed to be of use.
* '''Metadata extractors''' can work out which resources are sufficiently developed to be worth cataloguing in metadata exports for promoting Wikiversity in other OER projects.

'''Disadvantages''': Wikipedia resources have many different kinds of development cycle, not all of which will fit with the simple system used here. Imposing a 5-level system of development status on any project (let alone Wikipedia) is, to some extent, arbitrary and may simply not fit some cases. However the usefulness of an approximate system of development indicators outweighs this. To compensate for any misleading or other inappropriate effect of completion status project boxes, a number of modification options are available to individual users, including change icon, change text and append text, along with a system of &quot;fun-looking&quot; default boxes which will appeal to some people (but not everyone). All of these methods can be combined so that you can tag a resource with a completion status and, at the same time, convey the impression which you feel is appropriate to a particular resource's development cycle.

== Tagging resource pages by completion status ==
 
=== Serious-looking boxes ===

Write the template code into your resource at any point on the page. As well as an attractive template appearing, the resource will be automatically categorised. If you change the template later, the categories will be automatically updated.

{{usbktop}}
{{usbk|Template:0%done|}}
{{usbk|Template:25%done|}}
{{usbk|Template:50%done|}}
{{usbk|Template:75%done|}}
{{usbk|Template:100%done|}}
{{usbkbottom}}

=== Fun-looking boxes === 

This is an alternative set of templates which is more fun. There are different names for these tags - you may prefer to use the short and friendly names like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{nearlythere}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The percentages given are highly subjective - what really counts is how the templates categorise the resource. There are '''five''' categories for completion status, ranging from freshly started to complete. Some of these categories have two or more &quot;fun&quot; project boxes - e.g. &lt;nowiki&gt;{{launch}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; and &lt;nowiki&gt;{{yawn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; result in the same categorisation (&quot;partly complete&quot;), but look very different on the page.

Please feel welcome to create alternative project boxes. Suggestions can go on the talk page, for example.

{{usbktop}}
{{usbk|Template:0%done-2|shortcut=juststarted|description=Categorisation is complex and includes an automatic date parser to categorise by month of last modification.}}
{{usbk|Template:1%done-2|shortcut=unkstat|description=Categorised as [[:Category: partly developed resources|partly developed]]. This box was made for automatic inclusion by other templates such as [[Template:uncat]].}}
{{usbk|Template:10%done-2|shortcut=launch|description=Categorised as [[:Category: partly developed resources|partly developed]].}}
{{usbk|Template:25%done-2|shortcut=yawn|description=Categorised as [[:Category: partly developed resources|partly developed]].}}
{{usbk|Template:50%done-2|shortcut=halfway|description=Categorised as [[:Category: half-finished resources|half complete.]]}}
{{usbk|Template:51%done-2|shortcut=incomplete|description=Categorised as [[:Category: half-finished resources|half complete.]]}}
{{usbk|Template:75%done-2|shortcut=nearlythere|description=Categorised as [[:Category: resources nearing completion|nearly complete.]]}}
{{usbk|Template:99%done-2|shortcut=testing|description=Categorised as [[:Category: resources nearing completion|nearly complete.]]}}
{{usbk|Template:97%done-2|shortcut=ready|description=Categorised as [[:Category: completed resources|complete.]]}}
{{usbk|Template:100%done-2|shortcut=complete|description=Categorised as [[:Category: completed resources|complete.]]}}
{{usbkbottom}}

''Note: the % figures in the titles of the formal template names are largely meaningless and are a hangover from the original system which was more rigorously attached to a %-completion concept. Please do not set too much store in the presence of a % figure.''

=== More boxes ===

{{usbktop}}
{{usbk|Template:experimental|shortcut=experimental|description=Categorised as [[:Category: partly developed resources|partly developed]].}}
{{usbk|Template:abandoned|shortcut=abandoned|description=Categorised as [[:Category: partly developed resources|partly developed]].}}
{{usbk|Template:skeleton|shortcut=skeleton|description=Categorised as [[:Category: partly developed resources|partly developed]].}}
{{usbk|Template:draft|shortcut=draft|description=Categorised as [[:Category: partly developed resources|partly developed]].}}
{{usbkbottom}}

== Modifying the project boxes ==

This section explains how to modify project boxes to suit your own preferences for describing educational resource development cycles. Please note that the important thing about project boxes is their categorisation function (which remains the same in the examples), along with the option to retrospectively apply parser functions via the template. The visible component of the project boxes is of secondary importance, so there's no harm in applying personal preferences when tagging resources which are mainly your own work.

=== Example #1 ===

You can simply ''append'' some text, shown here applied to the &quot;halfway&quot; template.
{{halfway|add=--[[User:Baah and Bahh]]}}&lt;div style=&quot;width:50%; &quot;&gt;
''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{halfway|add --[[User:Baah and Bahh]]}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Example #2 ===

This uses simple text modification, applied to the &quot;halfway&quot; template. This time we've change the whole text, rather than just adding some to the default.
{{halfway|text=We started this but ran out of ideas. Can someone give us some input, please? --[[User:Baah and Bahh]]}}&lt;div style=&quot;width:50%; &quot;&gt;
''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{halfway|text=We started this but ran out of ideas. Can someone give us some input, please? --[[User:Baah and Bahh]]}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Example #3 ===

This goes a step further, modifying the icon as well.
{{halfway|icon=Domestic Goat Portrait (aka).jpg|text=We started this but ran out of ideas. Can someone give us some input, please? --[[User:Baah and Bahh]]}}&lt;div style=&quot;width:50%; &quot;&gt;
''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{halfway|icon=Domestic Goat Portrait (aka).jpg|text=We started this but ran out of ideas. Can someone give us some input, please? --[[User:Baah and Bahh]]}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''
&lt;/div&gt;

== Tagging resource lists by completion status ==

Sometimes you will want to put indicators onto list pages which indicate a resource's completion status. There's no room for a project box here; you need something smaller.

These are the available mini-indicators:
&lt;pre&gt;
{{0Percent}}
{{25Percent}}
{{50Percent}}
{{75Percent}}
{{100Percent}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

And this is what they look like:
* Blablabla Course {{0Percent}} ''(This course is not at all complete)''
* Blablabla Course {{25Percent}} ''(This course is a little complete)''
* Blablabla Course {{50Percent}} ''(This course is somewhat complete)''
* Blablabla Course {{75Percent}} ''(This course is fairly complete)''
* Blablabla Course {{100Percent}} ''(This course is complete)''

== Tagging resources with a bare category ==

If you prefer not to use a project box, then you can simply categorise the resource instead under one of the following categories. Please note that if you use a project box, categorisation is automatic. Percentages are only a very rough guide. '''''Please note that if you tag with a bare category rather than a project box, you will prevent maintenance staff from including your resource in parser function sorting.'''''

* [[:Category: completed resources]] (c. 100%)
* [[:Category: resources nearing completion]] (c.75%)
* [[:Category: half-finished resources]] (c. 50%)
* [[:Category: partly developed resources]] (c. 25%)
* [[:Category: freshly started resources]] (c. 0%)

:;Example
::To use this automatic cataloging feature, the simplest ways is to add '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Category: completed resources]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' (or the appropriate category) at the bottom of your page.

== Meta-templates and template quick access (admin use only) ==

* [[Template:projectbox]]

* [[Template:0Percent]]
* [[Template:25Percent]]
* [[Template:50Percent]]
* [[Template:75Percent]]
* [[Template:100Percent]]

== See also ==

* [[Help:project boxes]]

&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Help]]
[[Category:Resources by completion status]]
[[Category:Project boxes]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cpls4sxyonk1a0xatayaag5mrzhorrd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Europa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2401</id>
    <redirect title="Yuropa" />
    <revision>
      <id>7342</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:22:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Europa]] moved to [[Yuropa]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="20" sha1="o2h462738kgibumhsmluj6hdgzawc7f" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Yuropa]]</text>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2402</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7345</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:23:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{EasyNav |Help:Project boxes| Ntsindza wa Ma Bokisi ya ti Phurojeki |Help:Resources by completion status| Hi ntsengo wa Hetisa vutsari |Help:Resources by type|Hi muxaka wa Vutsari |Help:R...</comment>
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      <text bytes="484" sha1="s3v4b8dffjaxruy78f0zg3hof9pwwjv" xml:space="preserve">{{EasyNav
|Help:Project boxes| Ntsindza wa Ma Bokisi ya ti Phurojeki
|Help:Resources by completion status| Hi ntsengo wa Hetisa vutsari
|Help:Resources by type|Hi muxaka wa Vutsari
|Help:Resources by subject| Hi dyonzo
|Help:Resource attribution| Hi mu tumbuluxi
|Help:Resource perspectives| Hi mavonele
|Help:Interwiki project boxes| Hi ti wiki
|Help:Resources by quality| Hi ku basa
|Help:Miscellaneous project boxes| Ti bokisi tinwana

|title=Xivono xa ti bokisi ta ti Phurojeki
}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>25986</id>
      <parentid>25387</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-04-13T12:26:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KLBot2</username>
        <id>3072</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4587662]]</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="c8hyl0ju0o6f7hba8q0pcud7tzaq413" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:EasyNav</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>7355</id>
      <parentid>7349</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:30:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7355</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5169" sha1="nhstmasq87e70eq2d0apgcd3jwhbamy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; clear:right;&quot;&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{{icon|default}}}|default|{{Robelbox|title={{{title|Navigation}}}|theme={{{theme|13}}}|width={{{width|243px}}}}}|{{Robelbox|title={{{title|Navigation}}}|icon={{{icon}}}|iconwidth={{{iconwidth|48px}}}|theme={{{theme|13}}}|width={{{width|243px}}}}}}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;div align=center style=&quot;font-size:130%; padding-top:8px;&quot;&gt;

{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:EasyNav|'''''Leswi landzelaka'''''}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|[[{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{3}}}|[[{{{5|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Next''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{5}}}|[[{{{7|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{7}}}|[[{{{9|{{{1}}}}}}|''''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{9}}}|[[{{{11|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{11}}}|[[{{{13|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{13}}}|[[{{{15|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{15}}}|[[{{{17|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{17}}}|[[{{{19|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{19}}}|[[{{{21|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{21}}}|[[{{{23|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{23}}}|[[{{{25|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{25}}}|[[{{{27|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{27}}}|[[{{{29|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{29}}}|[[{{{31|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{31}}}|[[{{{33|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{33}}}|[[{{{35|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{35}}}|[[{{{37|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{37}}}|[[{{{39|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{39}}}|[[{{{41|{{{1}}}}}}|'''''Leswi landzelaka''''']]}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/HR|{{{theme|13}}}}}
{{#ifeq:{{{1|default}}}|default|''Please enter some page names as parameters to use this template correctly.''|* [[{{strip|{{{1}}}}}|{{{2}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{3|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{3}}}}}|{{{4}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{5|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{5}}}}}|{{{6}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{7|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{7}}}}}|{{{8}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{9|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{9}}}}}|{{{10}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{11|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{11}}}}}|{{{12}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{13|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{13}}}}}|{{{14}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{15|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{15}}}}}|{{{16}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{17|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{17}}}}}|{{{18}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{19|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{19}}}}}|{{{20}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{21|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{21}}}}}|{{{22}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{23|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{23}}}}}|{{{24}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{25|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{25}}}}}|{{{26}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{27|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{27}}}}}|{{{28}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{29|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{29}}}}}|{{{30}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{31|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{31}}}}}|{{{32}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{33|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{33}}}}}|{{{34}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{35|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{35}}}}}|{{{36}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{37|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{37}}}}}|{{{38}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{39|default}}}|default||* [[{{strip|{{{39}}}}}|{{{40}}}]]}}
{{Robelbox/HR|{{{theme|13}}}}}
&lt;div align=center style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:EasyNav|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#999999;&quot;&gt;'''''Ndhzaku'''''&lt;/span&gt;}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#999999;&quot;&gt;'''''Ndhzaku'''''&lt;/span&gt;}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{3}}}|[[{{{1}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{5}}}|[[{{{3}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{7}}}|[[{{{5}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{9}}}|[[{{{7}}}|'''''Back''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{11}}}|[[{{{9}}}|'''''Back''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{13}}}|[[{{{11}}}|'''''Back''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{15}}}|[[{{{13}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{17}}}|[[{{{15}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{19}}}|[[{{{17}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{21}}}|[[{{{19}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{23}}}|[[{{{21}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{25}}}|[[{{{23}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{27}}}|[[{{{25}}}|'''''Back''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{29}}}|[[{{{27}}}|'''''Back''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{31}}}|[[{{{29}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{33}}}|[[{{{31}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{35}}}|[[{{{33}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{37}}}|[[{{{35}}}|'''''Ndhzaku''''']]}}{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{{39}}}|[[{{{37}}}|'''''Back''''']]}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category: Navigational templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nhstmasq87e70eq2d0apgcd3jwhbamy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Robelbox/HR</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2405</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7351</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:27:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;hr style=&quot;color:{{Robelbox/C2|{{{1|1}}}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- WARNING: DON'T INTRODUCE ANY NEWLINES INTO THIS TEMPLATE BY ACCIDENT!!!!--&gt; [[Category:Design templates]] &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="178" sha1="rxsoxgal0bs7uu0yfw8u3dg8gjrv0at" xml:space="preserve">&lt;hr style=&quot;color:{{Robelbox/C2|{{{1|1}}}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
WARNING: DON'T INTRODUCE ANY NEWLINES INTO THIS TEMPLATE BY ACCIDENT!!!!--&gt;
[[Category:Design templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <id>2406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37609</id>
      <parentid>34803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-08-17T14:28:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kontrollstellekundl</username>
        <id>7084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>formatting</comment>
      <origin>37609</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="279" sha1="05en9g5ngyzywc8ktftgb17c6u2nfl1" xml:space="preserve">{{navbox|
|list1=[[File:Europe orthographic Caucasus Urals boundary (with borders).svg|100px|right|]]
{{Myyu}}
|name={{BASEPAGENAME}}
|state=
|title= Matiko ya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=font-size:125%&gt;[[Yuropa]]&lt;/div&gt;
|width=20em
|border=1px
|clear=right
|bg=#CCF
}}

[[Category:Yuropa|*]]</text>
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      <id>32003</id>
      <parentid>26829</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T05:13:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Experiment, source copied temporarily to the talk page to avoid accident</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2022-10-22T20:53:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Transparent.gif with [[File:Pix.gif]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]: reversed which duplicate to delete).</comment>
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default [[{{{icon-link|Wikipedia:Protection policy#{{lc:{{{type}}}}}}}}|{{{icon-text|This {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|article|page}} is {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
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desc none
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{{{!}} {{main talk other | demospace={{{demospace|}}}
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{{!}} {{main talk other|1=class=&quot;ambox-image&quot; {{!}} |demospace={{{demospace|}}}}}
[[Image:{{{image|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
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}}}}}|40px|{{{icon-text|This page is {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
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{{!}} {{main talk other|1=class=&quot;ambox-text&quot;|demospace={{{demospace|}}}}} style=&quot;v-align:center; align=left;&quot; {{!}}&lt;!--

--&gt;'''{{{reason-text|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
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}}{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}|indef||{{#if:{{{expiry|}}}|&amp;#32;until {{#time:[[F j]], [[Y]]|{{{expiry}}}}}}}}}{{{reason&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}.}}}'''&lt;br /&gt; {{{explanation-text|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{dispute}}}}}|yes|This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the {{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|move|[{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=move&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} current title]|[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} current version]}}.}} See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protection policy]] and [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=protect&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} protection log] for more details. {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
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}}}}}
{{!}}}
}}&lt;!--End if small--&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{categories|no}}}}}|no||{{{categories|}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>oy4orqczx9098j1eqmyj6vfa29fd33q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Main talk other</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2409</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7357</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:30:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{#switch:   &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;   {{#if:{{{demospace|}}}    | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;   | {{#ifeq:{{NAM...</comment>
      <origin>7357</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="521" sha1="jpwmokpy047zugtgb1ju5rho8ng70q0" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:
  &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;
  {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} 
  | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;
  | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}
    | main
    | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}
      | talk
      | other
      }}
    }}
  }}
| main     = {{{1|}}}
| talk     = {{{2|}}}
| other
| #default = {{{3|}}}
}}&lt;!--End switch--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jpwmokpy047zugtgb1ju5rho8ng70q0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Nowrap</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2410</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7359</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:31:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;!--interwikis/categories go inside doc--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <origin>7359</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130" sha1="t6i8ohuc1gfxpm2leno2txcihaxknea" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;!--interwikis/categories go inside doc--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>t6i8ohuc1gfxpm2leno2txcihaxknea</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Strip</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2411</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7360</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:31:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{#if:x|{{{1}}}}}</comment>
      <origin>7360</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17" sha1="gtfmezoh861w3i5cwqpp9sp4w93fqnx" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:x|{{{1}}}}}</text>
      <sha1>gtfmezoh861w3i5cwqpp9sp4w93fqnx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tnavbar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2412</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9223</id>
      <parentid>7361</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-21T14:14:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>9223</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1808" sha1="1l3ijj3gn47dfzhihrhiwo0b162rh2w" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{nodiv|}}}|&lt;!--then:
--&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; {{{fontstyle|}}}; {{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}} {{{style|}}}&quot;&gt;|&lt;!--else:
--&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar&quot; style=&quot;background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; {{{fontstyle|}}}; {{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}} {{{style|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{mini|}}}{{{miniv|}}}{{{plain|}}}{{{viewplain|}}}|&lt;!--equals:--&gt;1|&lt;!--then:
--&gt;|&lt;!--else:
--&gt;This box:&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
--&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{miniv|}}}{{{viewplain|}}}|&lt;!--equals:--&gt;1|&lt;!--then:
--&gt;[[Template:{{{1}}}|&lt;span title=&quot;View this template&quot; style=&quot;{{{fontstyle|}}};{{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}}&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{viewplain|}}}|view|v}}&lt;/span&gt;]]|&lt;!--else:
--&gt;[[Template:{{{1}}}|&lt;span title=&quot;View this template&quot; style=&quot;{{{fontstyle|}}};{{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}}&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{mini|}}}|v|view}}&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:80%;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Template talk:{{{1}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#002bb8;{{{fontstyle|}}};{{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}}&quot; title=&quot;Discussion about this template&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{mini|}}}|d|talk}}&lt;/span&gt;]]{{#ifeq:{{{noedit}}}|1||&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:80%;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;[{{fullurl:{{ns:10}}:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} &lt;span style=&quot;color:#002bb8;{{{fontstyle|}}};{{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}}&quot; title=&quot;You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{mini|}}}|e|edit}}&lt;/span&gt;]}}&lt;!--
--&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{nodiv|}}}|&lt;!--then:
--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;|&lt;!--else:
--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1l3ijj3gn47dfzhihrhiwo0b162rh2w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Smallsup</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2413</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7362</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:32:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{template doc}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <origin>7362</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="127" sha1="4h5es5zsd8riuj0idxgqhyr4pw88ipj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{template doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4h5es5zsd8riuj0idxgqhyr4pw88ipj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Documentation/docname</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2414</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35893</id>
      <parentid>26144</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T18:13:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35893</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="109" sha1="53u96v0tgu0wxkisr5zbsk971xu3cjn" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}
  |sandbox|testcases={{ #rel2abs: ../doc }}
  |#default={{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}/doc
}}</text>
      <sha1>53u96v0tgu0wxkisr5zbsk971xu3cjn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Usbktop</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2415</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7368</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:34:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {| style=&quot;background: transparent; width: 905px;&quot; ! style=&quot;width: 200px; text-align: left;&quot; | Full code ! style=&quot;width: 260px;&quot; | Appearance ! style=&quot;width: 120px;&quot; | Shortcut ! style=&quot;wid...</comment>
      <origin>7368</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="301" sha1="dkefwpwzin8cac073q0q9w7626632v9" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;background: transparent; width: 905px;&quot;
! style=&quot;width: 200px; text-align: left;&quot; | Full code
! style=&quot;width: 260px;&quot; | Appearance
! style=&quot;width: 120px;&quot; | Shortcut
! style=&quot;width: 95px;&quot; | Uses
! style=&quot;width: 230px;&quot; | Notes
|-&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:User namespace templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dkefwpwzin8cac073q0q9w7626632v9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Flagcountry</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2416</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7369</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:35:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{country data {{{1}}}  | country flagcountry2 | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}}  }}</comment>
      <origin>7369</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="127" sha1="dr8u9z0a0nq29eff1kgwapgjekbv4fa" xml:space="preserve">{{country data {{{1}}} 
| country flagcountry2
| variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}}
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}} 
}}</text>
      <sha1>dr8u9z0a0nq29eff1kgwapgjekbv4fa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Usbk</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2417</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7370</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:35:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;| {{tlu|{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|2={{{2|}}}|3={{{3|}}} }} | {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|nocat=|category=|categories=no}}|&lt;!-- two parameters give...</comment>
      <origin>7370</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="872" sha1="cxcnasdopoxamqdbcqkxrjqrwyngz34" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;| {{tlu|{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|2={{{2|}}}|3={{{3|}}} }}
| {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|nocat=|category=|categories=no}}|&lt;!-- two parameters given for the user category

--&gt;{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|{{{2}}}|nocat=true|category=|categories=no}}|&lt;!-- one parameter given for the user category

--&gt;{{{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|nocat=|category=|categories=no}}}}}}
|{{#if:{{{shortcut|}}}|'''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Template:{{{shortcut}}}|{{{shortcut}}}]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''}}
| [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|Transclusions]]{{#if:{{{category|}}}|&lt;br /&gt;[[:Category:{{{category}}}]]}}&lt;!-- check usage of second param --&gt;{{#if:{{{2|}}}|}}
|{{#if:{{{description|}}}|''&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%; line-height:1.25em;&quot;&gt;{{{description}}}&lt;/span&gt;''}}
|-&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cxcnasdopoxamqdbcqkxrjqrwyngz34</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data Romania</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2418</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36329</id>
      <parentid>25388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-10-18T02:38:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>6628</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>png -&gt; svg</comment>
      <origin>36329</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="574" sha1="1nvosikf6sib49no05ez1a6z4sdovyt" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = Romenia
| flag alias = Flag of Romania.svg
| flag alias-1867 = Flag of Romania.svg
| flag alias-1948 = Flag of Romania (1948-1952).svg
| flag alias-1952 = Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svg
| flag alias-1965 = Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg
| link alias-naval = Nevi bilong Romenia
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1867
| var2 = 1948
| var3 = 1952
| var4 = 1965
| redir1 = ROU
| redir2 = ROM
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1nvosikf6sib49no05ez1a6z4sdovyt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Country showdata</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2419</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40732</id>
      <parentid>7372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-27T11:49:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>6628</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>40732</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8854" sha1="nsy3p8aevjy6u3aqzthd5mtzi52jmx1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;
__NOEDITSECTION__
&lt;div class=&quot;template-documentation&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot;&gt;Template documentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
''This is the documentation for '''Template:{{PAGENAME}}'''. It is automatically generated by [[Template:Country showdata]]''

&lt;code&gt;Template:{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/code&gt; is an internal data container not intended to be transcluded directly. It is used indirectly by templates such as &lt;code&gt;[[Template:flag|flag]]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;[[Template:flagicon|flagicon]]&lt;/code&gt;, and others.  For a more thorough discussion of the flag template system, including parameters not described here, please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Flag Template]].

'''''Please &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=purge}} purge the cache]&lt;/span&gt; after making any changes to this template.'''''

[[Image:{{{flag alias|Sin bandera.svg}}}|thumb|{{#ifexist: {{{alt attribute}}} | See also: [[{{{alt attribute}}}]] |{{#ifexist: Flag of {{{alias}}} | See also: [[Flag of {{{alias}}}]] | }} }}]]
==Standard parameters==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Parameter name !! Value !! Meaning
|-
| &lt;code&gt;alias&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#if: {{{alias|}}} | &lt;code&gt;{{{alias}}}&lt;/code&gt; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''undefined!'''&lt;/span&gt; }}
| Main article name ([[{{{alias}}}]])
{{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} |
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;shortname alias&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{shortname alias}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''(optional)'' Display name to be used for the wikilink, if &lt;code&gt;alias&lt;/code&gt; is a disambiguated article name, for example&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;flag alias&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#if: {{{flag alias|}}} | &lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias}}}&lt;/code&gt; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''undefined!'''&lt;/span&gt; }}
| Image name ([[:Image:{{{flag alias}}}]], shown above right)
{{#if: {{{alt attribute|}}} |
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;alt attribute&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{alt attribute}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''(optional)'' [[alt attribute]] for flag image&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}
|}
{{#if: {{{var1|{{{flag alias-naval|}}}}}} |
==Flag variants==
{{#ifexist: {{{alt attribute}}} | {{details|{{{alt attribute}}}}} | {{#ifexist: Flag of {{{alias}}} | {{details|Flag of {{{alias}}}}} | }} }}
&lt;table class=&quot;wikitable&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Label&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Flag image (40px)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Image name&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if: {{{var1|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var1}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var2|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var2}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var3|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var3}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var4|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var4}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var5|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var5}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var6|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var6}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var7|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var7}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var8|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var8}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var9|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var9}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;naval&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=center&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-naval}}}|40px|border]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-naval}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
}}
{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} |
==Naval ensign==
This template includes a [[Maritime flag|naval ensign]] flag variant that can be used with [[Template:Navy]]:
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{navy|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{navy|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|naval}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|naval}}
}}
{{#if: {{{redir1|}}} |
==Redirect aliases==
This template can also be used via an ''alias'' name (implemented as a redirect to this template):&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;wikitable&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Alias name&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;{{tlx|flag|''alias''}} output&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;{{tlx|flagcountry|''alias''}} output&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir1}}} (&lt;/code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir1}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;code&gt;)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir1}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{redir2|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir2}}} (&lt;/code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir2}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;code&gt;)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir2}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir2}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{redir3|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir3}}} (&lt;/code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir3}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;code&gt;)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir3}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir3}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{redir4|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir4}}} (&lt;/code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir4}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;code&gt;)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir4}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir4}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{redir5|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir5}}} (&lt;/code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir5}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;code&gt;)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir5}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir5}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
}}
==Example usage==
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flag|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} |
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagcountry|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagcountry|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}}} }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var1|}}} |
;Using a flag variant
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flag|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{var1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{var1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{redir1|}}} |
;Using a redirect alias
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{redir1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{redir1}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagcountry|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{redir1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flag|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{redir1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flag|{{{redir1}}}}}
}}
{{#if: {{{related1|}}} |
==Related templates==
Please see the following related &lt;code&gt;country_data&lt;/code&gt; templates:
*[[Template:Country data {{{related1}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:32em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related1}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{related2|}}} |
*[[Template:Country data {{{related2}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:32em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related2}}}}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{related3|}}} |
*[[Template:Country data {{{related3}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:32em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related3}}}}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{related4|}}} |
*[[Template:Country data {{{related4}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:32em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related4}}}}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{related5|}}} |
*[[Template:Country data {{{related5}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:32em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related5}}}}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;}}
{{#ifexist: Template:{{PAGENAME}}/doc |
==Other information==
{{/doc}}
}}
[[Category:Country data templates|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}]]
{{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} | [[Category:Country data templates with distinct shortname|{{{templatename|{{{alias}}}}}}]] }}
{{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | Country data {{{alias}}} | |  {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | Country data {{{shortname alias}}} | | [[Category:Country data templates with distinct template name]] }} }}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{template doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nsy3p8aevjy6u3aqzthd5mtzi52jmx1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Usbkbottom</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2420</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7373</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:37:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;|}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}} ==Purpose== For ending a userbox grouping. See {{tl|userboxtop}} for usage instructions.  ==See also== *[[Template:Userbox...</comment>
      <origin>7373</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="234" sha1="r06w2jmi7hpjzdr94sg0rtcyriijdq8" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;|}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}
==Purpose==
For ending a userbox grouping. See {{tl|userboxtop}} for usage instructions.

==See also==
*[[Template:Userboxtop]]
*[[Template:Userboxbreak]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>r06w2jmi7hpjzdr94sg0rtcyriijdq8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tl</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2421</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7375</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:39:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt; == Usage == The template is used for simple [[Making links|internal linking]] of other templates.   === Examle === '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tl|Rename}}&lt;/now...</comment>
      <origin>7375</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="401" sha1="ti8sw53xiz9a6lx4an72y2idxr6m07a" xml:space="preserve">{{[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
== Usage ==
The template is used for simple [[Making links|internal linking]] of other templates. 

=== Examle ===
'''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tl|Rename}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;p&gt;

creates an internal link to the [[Template:Rename|rename template]]. 

=== Result ===
The result will look like this: &lt;br&gt;
{{tl|rename}}

[[Category:Internal link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ti8sw53xiz9a6lx4an72y2idxr6m07a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Userboxtop</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2422</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7377</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:40:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {|name=&quot;userboxes&quot; id=&quot;userboxes&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 248px; border: {{{bordercolor|#99B3FF}}} solid 1px; background-color: {{{backgroundcolor|#FFFFFF}}};...</comment>
      <origin>7377</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="388" sha1="d5jfb8z9s6rfcozw867qhekmqq045zo" xml:space="preserve">{|name=&quot;userboxes&quot; id=&quot;userboxes&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 248px; border: {{{bordercolor|#99B3FF}}} solid 1px; background-color: {{{backgroundcolor|#FFFFFF}}}; color: {{{textcolor|#000000}}}; {{{extra-css|}}}&quot; align=&quot;{{{2|{{{align|right}}}}}}&quot;
!&lt;big&gt;{{{1|{{{toptext|[[Wikipedia:Userboxes|Userboxes]]}}}}}}&lt;/big&gt;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{boxboxbottom}}</text>
      <sha1>d5jfb8z9s6rfcozw867qhekmqq045zo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Userboxbreak</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2423</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25589</id>
      <parentid>25389</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T02:00:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5924585]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25589</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="154" sha1="f24agdwhgky2muwzjmugz5k6ythvr3n" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{userboxtop}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
|-
! &lt;big&gt;{{{1|{{{toptext|[[Wikipedia:Userboxes|&lt;hr /&gt;]]}}}}}}&lt;/big&gt;
|-
|&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{userboxbottom}}

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>f24agdwhgky2muwzjmugz5k6ythvr3n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Rename</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2424</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7379</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:43:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;center class=&quot;metadata&quot;&gt; &lt;table style=&quot;width: 85%; background:#fee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style=&quot;width: 70px;&quot;&gt;[[Image:W21-1a.svg|40px|logo]]&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;This pag...</comment>
      <origin>7379</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="591" sha1="ik7b1iga5bfge3ylah0akd4walnxqy2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;center class=&quot;metadata&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;width: 85%; background:#fee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 70px;&quot;&gt;[[Image:W21-1a.svg|40px|logo]]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;This page should probably be '''renamed''' to comply with [[WV:NC|naming conventions]] or to simply be more descriptive and concise.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Category:Wikiversity pages needing to be renamed]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
This categorizes pages into [[:Category:Wikiversity pages needing to be renamed]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Page flag templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ik7b1iga5bfge3ylah0akd4walnxqy2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Userboxbottom</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7380</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:44:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;|}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</comment>
      <origin>7380</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" sha1="lz1n3um12icw7aymlc4ufvewo5vof2u" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;|}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lz1n3um12icw7aymlc4ufvewo5vof2u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tlu</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2426</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7382</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:46:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{[[{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&lt;tt&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/tt&gt;{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&lt;tt&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/tt&gt;{{{3}}}}}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&lt;tt&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/tt&gt;{{{4}}}}}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&lt;tt&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;i&gt;etc.&lt;/i&gt;...</comment>
      <origin>7382</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="507" sha1="k3xootugumzzh9v0pdm9wjfa3zbbsur" xml:space="preserve">{{[[{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&lt;tt&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/tt&gt;{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&lt;tt&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/tt&gt;{{{3}}}}}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&lt;tt&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/tt&gt;{{{4}}}}}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&lt;tt&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;i&gt;etc.&lt;/i&gt;}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
----
:Usage: {{Tlx|{{PAGENAME}}|fullpagename|up to three parameters}}
:Like {{Tlx|Tlx|template}}, but ''fullpagename''&amp;#160; can be any page, and especially a user subpage used as template.

[[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Internal link templates|Tlu]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k3xootugumzzh9v0pdm9wjfa3zbbsur</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tlx</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2427</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35886</id>
      <parentid>7384</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T18:01:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35886</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="408" sha1="smo6t2wr8n4rs2qtwisa59ahdrdohij" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[{{{SISTER|}}}{{ns:Template}}:{{{1|}}}|{{{1|}}}]]&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{2|}}}|
&amp;#124;{{{2}}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{3|}}}|
&amp;#124;{{{3}}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{4|}}}|
&amp;#124;{{{4}}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{5|}}}|
&amp;#124;{{{5}}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{6|}}}|
&amp;#124;&lt;i&gt;...&lt;/i&gt;
}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--- {{Tlx/doc}}Place Interwiki's beneath this line ---&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>smo6t2wr8n4rs2qtwisa59ahdrdohij</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tlx/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2428</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35891</id>
      <parentid>35890</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T18:09:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Blanked the page</comment>
      <origin>35891</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tlxm</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2429</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35887</id>
      <parentid>7388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T18:04:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35887</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="140" sha1="dnnk7536ykvc094mir5hpjrothj2vln" xml:space="preserve">{{Tlx|SISTER=w:|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--{{tlx/doc}}---&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dnnk7536ykvc094mir5hpjrothj2vln</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tlxw</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2430</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35888</id>
      <parentid>7390</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T18:04:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35888</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="140" sha1="dnnk7536ykvc094mir5hpjrothj2vln" xml:space="preserve">{{Tlx|SISTER=w:|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--{{tlx/doc}}---&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dnnk7536ykvc094mir5hpjrothj2vln</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Interwikitmp-grp</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2431</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38061</id>
      <parentid>31174</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-04-24T16:02:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>6628</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>38061</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31086" sha1="ozw1f10sil1nj733i8t6oti1ale40ai" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{WPTSP}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!-----
---- Begin block comment to retain old change record until Pass 3 is proven in tests on Wikipedia.
----&gt; '''Ver: 3a Pass 4_c''' Wikibooks ← Commons ← Commons (2x, a+b)&lt;!--
----
---&gt;

==Table 2==
&lt;tt&gt;
;IWG_links quick usage:
* '1'=='E'dit / '2'=='L'inks / '3'=='H'istory / '4'=='SISTER'(prefix) [add colons too!]
* '5'=='PAGENAME override /  T=toggle namespace, undefined--category space, defined Template space.&lt;/tt&gt;
* {{lts|IWG links}} -- {{Tlx|IWG links|&lt;nowiki&gt;T=1| | | | &lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;!---
----- ------------------------------------------------------------------
-----                                                              -----
----- Begin dynamically sized tagging table with links and options -----
----- ------------------------------------------------------------ -----
----&gt;&lt;table style=&quot; clear: right; float:right; &lt;!---
----- ------------&gt; border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; margin:5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;!---
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;Similar templates at English sister projects &lt;small&gt;[&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Interwikitmp-grp|action=edit}} edit]&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;!----
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----- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if: {{{mta|}}}{{{meta|}}} | &lt;!--- Meta-wiki or Meta ---&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; mta &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Meta-wiki&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[M:Template:{{{mta|{{{meta|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;!---
----- -------------&gt;|{{{mta|{{{meta|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]]&lt;!---
--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{wpd}}}{{{wp|}}} | &lt;!--- en.Wikipedia ----&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Wikipedia-logo.svg|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; wpd &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[w:Template:{{{wpd|{{{wp|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;!---
----- -------------&gt;|{{{wpd|{{{wp|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]]&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{cms}}}{{{com|}}} | &lt;!--- Mediawiki Commons, aka The Commons ---&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Commons-logo.svg|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; cms &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Commons&lt;/td&gt;
{{#ifeq: {{SITENAME}}|Wikimedia Commons &lt;!---
---&gt;| &lt;td&gt;[[        Template: {{{cms|{{{com|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}} |&lt;!---
-----&gt; {{{cms|{{{com|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt; &lt;!---
-----  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
---&gt;| &lt;td&gt;[[commons:Template: {{{cms|{{{com|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}} |&lt;!---
-----&gt; {{{cms|{{{com|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt; &lt;!---
---&gt;}}
 &lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{wbk}}}{{{wb|}}} | &lt;!--- Wikibooks ----&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; wbk &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Wikibooks&lt;/td&gt;
    {{#ifeq: {{SITENAME}}|Wikibooks &lt;!---
---&gt;| &lt;td&gt;[[  Template: {{{wbk|{{{wb|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;!---
----&gt; |{{{wbk|{{{wb|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt;&lt;!---
---&gt;| &lt;td&gt;[[b:Template: {{{wbk|{{{wb|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;!---
----&gt; |{{{wbk|{{{wb|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt; &lt;!---
---&gt;}}  
 &lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
----- 
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{wqt|}}}{{{wq|}}}{{{WQT|}}}{{{ALL|}}} | &lt;!--- Wikiquote ----&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; wqt &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Wikiquote&lt;/td&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{SITENAME}}|Wikiquote| &lt;td&gt;[[Template:{{{wqt|{{{wq|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}|{{{wqt|{{{wq|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt;
|    &lt;td&gt;[[q:Template:{{{wqt|{{{wq|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}|{{{wqt|{{{wq|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt; }}
  &lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{wsr|}}}{{{ws|}}}{{{WSR|}}}{{{ALL|}}} | &lt;!--- Wikisource  ----&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Wikisource-logo.svg|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; wsr &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Wikisource&lt;/td&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{SITENAME}}|Wikisource|    &lt;td&gt;[[Template:{{{wsr|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}}}}}|{{{wsr|{{{ws|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt;
|    &lt;td&gt;[[s:Template:{{{wsr|{{{ws|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}|{{{wsr|{{{ws|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt; }}
  &lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{WDY|{{{ALL|}}} }}}| &lt;!--- Wiktionary ----&gt;
&lt;!-- Normal FALSE... If either set (overriding inhibition), WDY to something, enables the sister, Hence can define ALL, test the sister link, and decide what should be set ---&gt;
{{#if: {{{wdy|{{{ALL|}}} }}} |
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; wdy &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/td&gt; &lt;!--- Wiktionary defaults are lowercase first unless explicitly given,
 ---&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[wikt:Template:{{{wdy|{{{2|{{ lcfirst:{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}|{{{wdy|{{{2|{{lcfirst:{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
}}
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{WNW|{{{ALL|}}} }}}{{{wn|}}}{{{wnw|}}}|&lt;!-- Normal FALSE... If either set (overriding inhibition), WDY to something, enables the sister, Hence can define ALL, test the sister link, and decide what should be set ---&gt;
{{#if: {{{wnw|{{{wn|{{{ALL|}}} }}} }}} |
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Wikinews-logo.svg|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; wnw &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Wikinews&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[n:Template:{{{wnw|{{{wn|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}|{{{wnw|{{{wn|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;!--- INDIV Tracking Category would go HERE ----&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
}}
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{wsp}}}{{{species|}}} |  &lt;!-- Wikispecies ---&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Wikispecies-logo.svg|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; wsp &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Wikispecies&lt;/td&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{SITENAME}}|Wikispecies|    &lt;td&gt;[[Template:{{{wsp|{{{species|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;!---
----&gt; |{{{wsp|{{{species|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt; 
|    &lt;td&gt;[[wikispecies:Template:{{{wsp|{{{species|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;!---
----&gt; |{{{wsp|{{{species|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt; }}
  &lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{wvy}}} | &lt;!-- Wikiversity  ---&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Wikiversity-logo.svg|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; wvy &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Wikiversity&lt;/td&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{SITENAME}}|Wikiversity
|    &lt;td&gt;[[  Template:{{{wvy|{{{wv|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;!---
----&gt; |{{{wvy|{{{wv|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt;
|    &lt;td&gt;[[v:Template:{{{wvy|{{{wv|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;!---
----&gt; |{{{wvy|{{{wv|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]] &lt;/td&gt; }}
  &lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
-----&gt;
{{#if: {{{mdw|{{{ALL|}}} }}}{{{mw|}}}| &lt;!-- Normal FALSE... If either set (overriding inhibition), WDY to something, enables the sister, Hence can define ALL, test the sister link, and decide what should be set ---&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[Image:Mediawiki.png|25x25px]]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt; mdw &lt;/td&gt; 
    &lt;td&gt;Mediawiki&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;[[mw:Template:{{{mdw|{{{mw|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}|{{{mdw|{{{mw|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}]]&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------------------------------
----- Former tail-end note
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
----- xxx &gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt; This project now less under construction ...&lt;br&gt; Pardon our appearance whilst we remodel,&lt;br&gt; pull the engine, and change the tires. &lt;/th&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;!--
----&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!------------------------------------- -----
-----                                                        -----
------- Auto-Categorization moved below usage --- 7 Feb 2007 -----
-----&gt;&lt;!---------------------------------------------------- -----
-----
-----&gt;==Table 3==

==Usage==
This template can be used when more than one English language sister projects has a similar template. If the templates have different names on different projects you can use parameters to specify those names:

===Switch and override pagename parameters===
*'''mta'''=template name at Meta-wiki
*'''wpd'''=template name at English Wikipedia
*'''cms'''=template name at Commons
*'''wbk'''=template name at English Wikibooks
*'''wqt'''=template name at English Wikiquote
*'''wsr'''=template name at English Wikisource
*'''wdy'''=template name at English Wikitionary
*'''wnw'''=template name at English Wikinews
*'''wsp'''=template name at English Wikispecies
*'''wvr'''=template name at English Wikiversity
*'''mdw'''=template name at Media-wiki &lt;!--- (unlikely link?)
meta=template name at Meta-wiki 
wp=template name at English Wikipedia 
com=template name at Commons 
wb=template name at English Wikibooks 
wq=template name at English Wikiquote 
ws=template name at English Wikisource 
wt=template name at English Wikitionary 
wn=template name at English Wikinews 
species=template name at English Wikispecies 
wv=template name at English Wikiversity 
mdw=template name at Media-wiki 
---&gt;

::(In some of the discussion below, any one of the above is represented by 'xxx'.)&lt;br&gt;

Passing an empty parameter will cause the item to be omitted from the list. Some sister-projects only have marginal inclusion in, or need for this template sharing. These default to 'off' in the normal display (Wiktionary, Media-wiki, Wikinews currently). 
;Flip parameters
Those which are off, but do use the template being tagged, may be included in the list by defining an all capital letters version of the above all lower case parameters. (Example: '|WDY=y' will include Wiktionary under the same default template name by the template code: &lt;code&gt;'&lt;nowiki&gt;{{{wdy|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;/code&gt;, thus typing in a long name when a normally suppressed template auto-link IS desired, is not necessary. Using XXX=1 to turn off a link, such as when a Sister project TfD decides to not allow the template locally, would be redundant with 'xxx=', add complexity, and is subject to confusion. So the Capital letter flip parameters are available only those sister projects which normally suppress a template. 
&lt;!--- this doesn't need to be here!
Since the suppression is set in the SITE (Sister project) copy of the interwikitmp-grp template, suppression coding in the other sister's templates (all of which are updated at once for consistency) ---&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Example:

{{Template:Interwikitmp-grp|mta=|wqt=|wnw=foo|WDY=on|MDW=1|!Goo|{{PAGENAME}}
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
This produces a box with the Meta and Wikiquote rows ommitted, and the &quot;Template:foo&quot; linked to in the Wikinews row (meaning an ''alternative name'' of the functionally similar template&amp;mdash;presentation may be different, but it does the same task), and link to the normal name on Wiktionary and Media-wiki. 'Goo' is the auto-category(ies) pipe-trick and normally defaults to &lt;nowiki&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, the last arguement is a redundant &lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{2}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; argument, for not given that, it is also defaulted. However, &lt;nowiki&gt;|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; comes into it's own should the local version be the one with a different name. Defining Arg-2 as the normal name, and the local mnemonic shows the local name deviation, and links to the more predominant names on the other sisters... assuming they're enabled.

An interesting experiment: See the different uses the templates {{tl|w}}, {{tl|c}}, {{tl|cat}} and {{tl|tl}} are put to on each English sister project. ''The shorter the name, the more likely a naming collision will occur with a different use of the tool template!''

===Other parameters===
# inhib=''anything'' &amp;mdash; Inhib suppresses auto-categorization to [[:Category:Interwiki utility templates]] (Normally lists tools or other Utility templates).&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{I2}}In use, '''inhib''' is for templates that are part of one interwiki linking system, or the other (two other tagging systems that tie categories together which came first, albeit unofficially as experimental implementations began in the summer of 2006), and lastly, for the site independent templates which are used to generate uniform messages and documentation for such templates, many of these being formating typing aids (i, i0, i2, i5, and indent) powerful category or template links generating tools (lc, lts), or site independent link templates (w2, w2c, Mw, wd). {{I2}}
# General Auto-categorization applies pipe-tricked category sorting using &lt;code&gt;'&lt;nowiki&gt;{{{xxx|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;/code&gt;, which allows the lowercase override name 'xxx', the general sorting name {{{1}}}, or the overall default, the [[M:Help:Magic word|Magic word]] &lt;code&gt;'&lt;nowiki&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;/code&gt;.{{I2}}
# General parameter '''&lt;code&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;{{{2}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;is coded to be a generic override for a locally differently named template using '&lt;nowiki&gt;{{{xxx|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;/code&gt;. {{I5}}Example: Assume Wikitionary uses &lt;!---Subst of {{Tl2}}follows----&gt;&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[{{{LANG|}}}{{{SISTER|}}}{{ns:Template}}: tl|tl]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;!---Subst of {{Tl2}} ends----&gt;&lt;!---
-----
----&gt; for something involving lexicographical meaning (as it does), so assuming the '''local template name''' used instead is 'TL' (all uppercase). A proper back link would then be given as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{interwikitmp-grp|wdy=TL|{{PAGENAME}}|tl}} where {{{1}}}=={{PAGENAME}} (''the category pipetrick''), {{{2}}}=='tl'&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# V=&lt;i&gt;letter 'D' or numbers: {0, 1, 2,..., 6}}&lt;/i&gt; &amp;mdash; from Version P3 will provide auto-categorization same as the suffixed versions of 'interwikitmp-grp##' listed in [[template:interwikitmp-grp/doc]]. (Not currently in place!) // &lt;b&gt;[[User:Fabartus|Fra]]&lt;/b&gt;[[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 07:19, 8 February 2007 (UTC){{I2}}
# ALL=''anything'' &amp;mdash; turns on all links forming elements including those normally shut down. This can use to poll sister projects for template presence, or to distribute the template, despite ''normal non-participation'' by that sister in the template sharing project.{{I2}}
# cat=''bare name''... value supplants [[Category:Miscellaneous templates]] for V=3, 4, 5, and V=6 auto-categorization modes. The replacement category is generally a sub-category of Miscellaneous, such as typing-aid templates or uncategorized templates. 'cat=' may be defined false (not uncommon in V=6 calls where template is a category tagging template linking both internally and externally but used on category pages. Example: [[W:Template:Commonscat1A]], {{W2c|Template:Wikipediacat1A}}, [[Template:WikiPtmp]] (or any 'XXXXtmp' templates listed below) and etcetera.){{I2}}{{#if: {{{cats|}}}|'''PARAMETER ERROR: Parameter 'cats=' depreciated in favor of 'CATS=' or 'cat=' as noted above. {{I2}}}}
# ALL2=  or ALLCATS= ''anything'' &amp;mdash; is an edit-check mode parameter. It is the same as specifying all variations of 'V=' parameter, and turns on ALL autocategorization. (It should not be used on any page in a permanent save, but is for preview mode testing.){{I2}}
# CATS=&lt;small&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Category:non-standard category1|pipetrick1]][[[[Category:non-standard category2|pipetrick2]]...[[Category:non-standard categoryNN|pipetrickNN]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/small&gt;{{I5}}Used primarily in administrative templates where the category structure has been duplicated locally for compatibility.{{i0}}
##Cat1=, Cat2=, Cat3=, ..., Cat5=&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Category:catname|pipe-trick]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, for keeping things neat on separate lines... especially useful when using different pipe-tricked forms.{{I2}}
# SYS=''defined'', or V=0, it asserts [[:Category:Interwiki template-links-tagging templates]] regardless of the 'V=#' parameter's other affects on auto-categorization. 
# ??? - Stay tuned.

==Individual tags== &lt;!--- This label is being used as section link in categories needing list below. Please leave alone ---&gt;
;Templates to use when only some small number of sister projects has a similar template:
:# [[template:Metatmp ]]
:# [[template:commonstmp ]]
:# [[template:WikiBookstmp ]]
:# [[template:Wiktionarytmp ]]
:# [[template:Wikiquote ]]
:# [[template:WikiNewstmp ]]
:# [[template:Wikisourcetmp ]]
:# [[template:WikiSpeciestmp ]]
:# [[template:WikiVersitytmp ]]

&lt;!--- --------------------------------------------- -----
----- THE BELOW SECTION DEFINES THE AUTO CATEGORIES -----
----- --------------------------------------------- -----
----&gt; {{#if: {{{ALLCATS|}}} {{{ALL2|}}} |&lt;!-- This is a test 'when applying' mode, not auto-categorization
----&gt;
# [[:Category:Interwiki templates on all sisterprojects ]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[:Category:template namespace templates ]]&lt;br /&gt; 
# [[:Category:redirects from other template ]]&lt;br /&gt; 
# [[:Category:template documentation ]]&lt;br /&gt; 
# [[:Category:Interwiki template-links-tagging templates ]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[:Category:Internal link templates ]]&lt;br /&gt; 
# [[:Category:Interwiki link templates ]]&lt;br /&gt; 
# [[:Category:Miscellaneous templates ]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{#if: {{{cat|}}}|# [[:Category:{{{cat}}} ]]&lt;br /&gt;}}
# [[:Category:templates used in categories ]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[:Category:Exported templates used only on {{{only|sitename}}} ]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[:Category:templates different on {{{diff|{{{D|sitename}}} }}} ]]&lt;br /&gt;

}} &lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:Category defined test mode ALLCATS/ALL2 ----
-----
----&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{inhib|}}}|{{#if:{{{cat|}}}|&lt;!--- do nothing ---&gt;|[[Category:{{{cat}}} | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]}} | [[Category:Interwiki utility templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]}}&lt;!---
-----
----&gt;{{#if: {{{ALL|}}} |[[Category:Interwiki templates on all sisterprojects | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] &lt;!--- These are very rare, context is participating sister's not literally all sister projects ---&gt;
}}&lt;!---
-----
----&gt;{{#if: {{{CAT|}}} | [[Category:templates used in categories | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
}}&lt;!---
-----
----&gt;{{#if: {{{TMP|}}} | [[Category:template namespace templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
}}&lt;!---
-----
----&gt;{{#if: {{{SYS|}}} | [[Category:Interwiki template-links-tagging templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]&lt;!-- These are the templates that are part of the tagging system, or necessary for it's minimal set (thus includes typing-aids for documentation of templates too).----&gt;[[Category:template namespace templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
}}&lt;!---
-----
----&gt;{{#if: {{{V|}}} |
{{#ifeq: {{{V|}}}| R | [[Category:redirects from other template | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==R ----
----&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{V|}}}| D | [[Category:template documentation | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==D ----
-----
----&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{V|}}}| 0 | {{#if:{{{SYS|}}}|&lt;!-- then skip, already defined ---&gt;|[[Category:Interwiki template-links-tagging templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]}} 
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==0 ----
-----
----&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{V|}}}| 1 | [[Category:Internal link templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==1 ----
-----
----&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{V|}}}| 2 | [[Category:Interwiki link templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==2 ----
-----
----&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{V|}}}| 3 | 
  {{#if: {{{cat|}}}| [[Category:{{{cat}}} | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  | [[Category:Miscellaneous templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  }}
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==3 ----
----&gt;
{{#ifeq: {{{V|}}}| 4 | 
  [[Category:Internal link templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
  {{#if: {{{cat|}}}| [[Category:{{{cat}}} | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  | [[Category:Miscellaneous templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  }}
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==4 ----
----&gt;
{{#ifeq: {{{V|}}}| 5 | 
  [[Category:Interwiki link templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
  {{#if: {{{cat|}}}| [[Category:{{{cat}}} | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  | [[Category:Miscellaneous templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  }}
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==5 ----
----&gt;
{{#ifeq: {{{V|}}}| 6 | 
  [[Category:Interwiki link templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
  [[Category:Internal link templates  | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
  {{#if: {{{cat|}}}| [[Category:{{{cat}}} | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  | {{#if: {{{MISC|}}}|[[Category:Miscellaneous templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]}}
  }}
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==6 ----
----&gt;
|&lt;!--- else: V undefined, so do nothing, but check cat= ----&gt;
  {{#if: {{{cat|}}}| [[Category:{{{cat}}} | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  |{{#if: {{{CAT|}}}| [[Category:templates used in categories | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]}}
  }}
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:V==anything ----
----&gt;
{{#if: {{{UNCAT|}}}| [[Category:Uncategorized templates | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]] 
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:inhib ----
----&gt;
{{#if: {{{only|}}}|
  {{#ifeq:{{{only}}}|COMMONS
  | [[Category:Exported templates used only on Mediawiki commons | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  | [[Category:Exported templates used only on {{{only}}} | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
  }}
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:only ----
-----
----&gt;
{{#if: {{{D|}}}{{{diff|}}} | 
[[Category:templates different on {{{diff|{{{D|sitename}}} }}} | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
[[Category:Interwiki templates varying on other sister projects|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}} }}} ]]
}}&lt;!--- &lt;&lt;&lt;=== endif:diff(erent that site) ----
----&gt;

;Key categories versus parameters:'Sister parameters' are those semi-mnemonic three letter codes noted on the template. Several depreciated equivalents are also legal substitutes: meta wikt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'''Toggle Parameters:'''&lt;br /&gt;Defining one of the three letter mnemonic's expressed as all uppercase toggles the logic for the cell displaying that sister project from'' 'on to off' ''(This template is not used on that sister, the most common need), or from'' 'off to on' ''(A sister which has little need for templates has this particular one).

&lt;pre&gt;
Example:
{{interwikitmp-grp|WDY=1|WPD=1|...}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
:This example would express a template shared in common from the two sites Wiktionary and whereever, but for which Wikipedia (which normally has most everything) does NOT have said template. Wikitionary is toggled from normally&lt;code&gt; off to on&lt;/code&gt;, Wikipedia from normally&lt;code&gt; on to Off. &lt;/code&gt;

:Lower case Mnemonic codes work dissimilarly in that defining such an parameter triggers difference tracking auto-categorization, but is indeed the same &lt;u&gt;in effect&lt;/u&gt; for non-participating sister projects, for whom it is uncommon to share a template.
==Categories by parameter affecting (table)==

;This table is currently untrue. :''''''Auto-categorization' by this template is currently disabled.''''' &lt;B&gt;[[User:Fabartus|Fra]]&lt;/B&gt;[[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 04:33, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

{| Style=&quot;background-color: #f5f5f5; border:1px blue solid; padding:0.5em; font size:3;width:96%; margin:0 2em 1em 2em; &quot; &lt;!---- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_colors#HTML_color_names 
---- PaleGoldenrod EE E8 AA 
---- Azure F0 FF FF 
---- WhiteSmoke F5 F5 F5 
----&gt;
! Categories in the system
! style=&quot;width:25%&quot;| Params in play
|-  bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|-  bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;

| {{lcs|Interwiki template-links-tagging templates }}&lt;br&gt;Templates that are needed by tagging system.&lt;br&gt;Cat includes XXXXtmp individual tagging templates.
| SYS (asserts)&lt;br&gt; and V=0

|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;

| {{lcs|Interwiki utility templates }} &lt;br&gt;Principal tagging and'' 'Tracking category' ''where this tagging utility auto-categorizes (lists) tagged templates.&lt;br&gt;Can only turn off by inhibiting it's expression setting &quot;|inhib='something'.
| inhib (suppresses)

|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;

| {{lcs|Interwiki templates on all sisterprojects}}&lt;br&gt;Rare occurence. Scope refers to paricipating Sister Projects, not literally all.
| ALL2 (asserts)

|- bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;

| {{lcs|Interwiki link templates}}
| cases: V=1, V=4, V=6

|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;

| &lt;br&gt;{{lcs|Miscellaneous templates }}&lt;br&gt;
| cases: V=3, V=4, V=5, and V=6 (If V=6, then '''iff manually defined using &lt;nowiki&gt;'cat=|'&lt;/nowiki&gt; or MISC=''defined''.)

|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;

| {{lcs|Typing-aid templates }}&lt;br&gt;Assumed as a sub-category of Miscellaneous, uses same V=''x'' logic.&lt;br&gt;Use param cat=(bare) ''category name'' to supplant Miscellaneous for all &lt;code&gt;&lt;tt&gt;&amp;#123;&lt;/tt&gt; V: 3,4,5,6 &lt;tt&gt;&amp;#125;&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/code&gt; modes.
| sub-cat of same V=# distribution as Miscellaneous... define using cat= to supplant (replace) Miscellaneous templates.

|- bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;

| {{lcs|Interwiki category linking templates }}&lt;br&gt;
| CAT=''any value''

|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;

| {{lcs|Interwiki templates varying on other sister projects }}&lt;br&gt;tracking category for anomalous templates where&lt;br&gt;the template exists, but has an
| D or diff set 

|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;

| {{lcs|Interwiki name difference other sister project&lt;br&gt;tracking category 
| any mnemonic name parameter&lt;br&gt;being set to an

|- bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;

| {{lcs|Uncategorized templates}}
| UNCAT

|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;

| {{lcs|Navigation templates}} or&lt;br&gt; {{lcs|Navigational templates}} or&lt;br&gt; {{lcs|{{SITENAME}} Navigation templates}}
| '''NAV''' evinces if and only if there exists a defined category of one of these names

|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;

| {{lcs|redirect templates}}
| R

|- bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;azure&quot;

| a1
| a2

|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;PaleGoldenrod&quot;

| c1
| c2

|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; line-height=&quot;25%&quot;|
----
|- bgcolor=&quot;WhiteSmoke&quot;

| e1
| e2

|}
1 Category:Interwiki link templates and Category:Interwiki utility templates -- bridge a gulf
 
2 Category: Internal link templates and Category:Interwiki utility templates.-- Link/Edit another page internally
 
3 Category:[ Miscellaneous || Typing-aid || Uncategorized ] templates and Category:Interwiki utility templates
 
4 Category:Interwiki link templates and Category:Miscellaneous templates -- Combo's of 1 + 3
 
5 Category: Internal link templates and Category:Miscellaneous templates -- Combo's of 2 + 3
 
6 Interwiki link templates, Internal link templates and Category:Miscellaneous templates -- Combo's of 1 + 2 + 3

{|
|-
! {{TL|IWTG size}}=={{IWTG size}}
! {{TL|IWTG width}}=={{IWTG width}}
! {{Lts|Interwiki class-sisterproject}}
|}
{{tl|Interwikitmp-grp/doc}}

{| style=&quot;font-size:80%; background:#f9f9f9; border:#aaa 1px solid; font-face:monotype; width: 98%; margin: 0 auto 1em auto;&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#cedff2&quot; align-text=&quot;center&quot;
!colspan=4 |&lt;center&gt; Version at a glance for [[W:WP:TSP|Template Sharing Project]] [ Template:Interwikitmp-grp ]
|-bgcolor=&quot;#cedff2&quot; align-text=&quot;center&quot;
!Version 
! Origin     
! style=&quot;width:65%&quot;| Change Description 
! datestamp and programmer
|- 
|Ver: 3a4 ||Wikibooks&lt;br/&gt; Commons&lt;br/&gt;Commons||'''c.) (m)''' Fix this table... had interleaved data fields.  (Ooops) +('''M''') Assert normal default categories.&lt;br/&gt;'''b.)''' (m) Move this table to the page bottom, annotation changes&lt;br/&gt;'''a.)''' Logic change, defaults, --mta ||&lt;small&gt;'''c.)''' [[User:Fabartus|Fra]][[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 05:01, 8 July 2008 (UTC)&lt;br/&gt;'''b.)''' &lt;B&gt;[[User:Fabartus|Fra]]&lt;/B&gt;[[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 04:33, 8 July 2008 (UTC)&lt;br/&gt;'''a.)''' &lt;B&gt;[[User:Fabartus|Fra]]&lt;/B&gt;[[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 16:10, 7 July 2008 &lt;/small&gt;
|- 
|Ver: 3a3 || Meta || ||&lt;small&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt; ~~~~ &lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;/small&gt; 
|-  

|Ver: 3a2 || Meta ||(m) Trim out old inline commented history, and remove many unneeded editing/maintenance links ||&lt;small&gt; [[User:Fabartus|&lt;B&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Fra&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/B&gt;]][[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 08:05, 19 April 2007 (UTC)  &lt;/small&gt; 
|-  
|Ver: 3a1 || Meta ||Iterim: Install revised auto-categorization logic, and do some clarification and rework of self documentation.||&lt;small&gt;  [[User:Fabartus|&lt;B&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Fra&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/B&gt;]][[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 06:54, 15 March 2007 (UTC) &lt;/small&gt; 
|-
|Ver: 3a || Meta || Edits to limit bad text nesting, moved and expanded inhib parameter processing. This is Iterim still. ||&lt;small&gt; [[User:Fabartus|&lt;B&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Fra&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/B&gt;]][[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 00:42, 15 March 2007 (UTC) &lt;/small&gt; 
|-
|Ver: 3r1 || Meta || Section edits to tidy up various things. &lt;br&gt;(b) Iterim save, even added the two letter and user unfriendly names the anom wanted. Cleaned up and formatted. Next: Refactor and cut in [[template:IWG_links]]&lt;br&gt; (a) Top=This table || &lt;small&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;3r1b: [[User:Fabartus|&lt;B&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Fra&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/B&gt;]][[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 12:22, 7 March 2007 (UTC)&lt;br&gt;3r1a:  from: &lt;small&gt;10:30, 7 March 2007 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|Ver: 3__ || Meta        || Wikipedia version, with belated auto-categorization added, new table, but saved and Finished on Meta through several iterations... Adding (subst'd WPTSP version table) with this save. ||&lt;small&gt;[[User:Fabartus|&lt;B&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Fra&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/B&gt;]][[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] 08:35, 7 March 2007 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;from: two hours b4 above.

|-
|Ver:2F-k || Wikipedia || Adds Edit link to array box, Fixed logic sense of ALL param., added Inhib/Override params (All UCASE mnemonic) to bypass a sister if they don't or do want a template... whichever is opposite case from normal participation in the project. 
 ||&lt;small&gt;[[User:Fabartus|&lt;B&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;Fra&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/B&gt;]][[User talk:Fabartus|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;nkB&lt;/font&gt;]] ww:zz, xx March 2007 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|}

[[Category:Interwiki template-links-tagging templates |{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Interwiki utility templates |{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ozw1f10sil1nj733i8t6oti1ale40ai</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Lts</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2432</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7394</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:52:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinksneverexpand&quot;&gt;[[:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}]]&amp;#160;&lt;tt&gt;(&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;small&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}...</comment>
      <origin>7394</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="936" sha1="6ptrr6s1v9pq87ilvig64qjohcr2otl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinksneverexpand&quot;&gt;[[:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}]]&amp;#160;&lt;tt&gt;(&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;small&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}} edit]&amp;#160;[[:Template talk:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|talk]]&amp;#160;[{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|limit=500}} links]&amp;#160;[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=history}} history]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;tt&gt;)&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Interwikitmp-grp|!{{PAGENAME}} }}
&lt;--- Old line: Usage: {{Tlx|{{PAGENAME}}|template}}, see [[w:{{TALKPAGENAME}}]] for details.
----&gt;
:''Main discussion &amp; Queries: {{w2|template talk:Lts}}'' &lt;!--- This call form is interwiki compatible and so will always reach en.wikipedia:PAGENAME specified ---&gt;
{{template:Lts/Doc}} &lt;!--- won't work interwiki, but the direct link XXXtmp (e.g. commonstmp) will show usage here with one click ---&gt;
[[Category:Internal link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Lts/Doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2433</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7396</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T10:53:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;:''main discussion &amp; Queries: {{w2|template talk:Lts}}  {{Interwikitmp-grpD|{{PAGENAME}} }}&lt;/noinclude&gt; == Documentation == [[W:Template:Lts]], [[M:Template:Lts]], etc. on vario...</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3235" sha1="mekimd0lha2xqtjhhldao0a1maq31vn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;:''main discussion &amp; Queries: {{w2|template talk:Lts}}

{{Interwikitmp-grpD|{{PAGENAME}} }}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
== Documentation ==
[[W:Template:Lts]], [[M:Template:Lts]], etc. on various {{w2|Wikipedia:Sister projects|sister projects}} is a smaller variant of {{W2|Template:Lt|Lt}} 
with pleasant output, for use especially also on browsers which don't support &lt;tt&gt;{{W2|interpunct|&amp;amp;middot;}}&lt;/tt&gt;.

=== Usage ===

&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lts|template}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; shows links for the specified template.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lts}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; shows links for a template wrt the &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;.

=== Example ===
{|
| '''Code''' || '''Result'''
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lts|Lt}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{Lts|Lt}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lts}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{Lts}}
|}{{-}}

=== See also ===
&lt;!-- intentionally no subst to reflect what Lts actually does --&gt;

{|
| {{Lts|Lts}} || for templates
|-
| {{Lts|Lcs}} || for categories
|-
| {{Lts|Lps}} || for &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ns:Project}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (= &lt;u&gt;{{ns:Project}}&lt;/u&gt;)
|-
| {{Lts|Ltsmeta}} || for templates copied from [[m:|Meta]]
|-
| {{Lts|Lts/}} || for template lists (see below)
|-
| {{Lts|Lx}} || boilerplate for the Lx family
|-
| [[:Category:Internal link templates]] || for a [[#Comparison|comparison]] of this zoo see below
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Ltsmeta|Lps}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Ltsmeta|Lts}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Ltsmeta|Ltsmeta}}
|}{{-}}

=== Comparison ===
We got a zoo of similar templates, pick what you like.
This list is probably incomplete and intentionally
omits variants with parameters like {{Tlx|Tlx|A|B|...|C}} and
redirections like {{Tlx|Tln}}[Template:Lt] :
&lt;!---{{#if:{{SITENAME}}|Wikipedia||---&gt;;On en.Wikipedia templates X0,..., X9:are sandbox templates for experimentation, that must occur in template space. 
:Templates such as that would generally include templates like these below that need to refer to template space. Normally, X0, X1, X2,... would be sub-templates of an esoteric template under development, and these are tools to deal with such situations from a test bed or discussion page.{{I}}
&lt;!--- }} This is interwiki note for other sister projects impoverished without and X0--X9 ---&gt;
{|
| '''Source''' || '''Code''' || '''Result'''
|-
| {{Lts/|lt}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{lt|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{lt|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|lts}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{lts|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{lts|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|lts/}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{lts/|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{lts/|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|tetl}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tetl|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{tetl|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|ti}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ti|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{ti|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|tic}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tic|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{tic|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|tiw}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tiw|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{tiw|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|tl}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tl|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{tl|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|tls}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tls|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{tls|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|tlsetl}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tlsetl|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{tlsetl|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|tlt}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tlt|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{tlt|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|ttl}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ttl|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{ttl|W2}}
|-
| {{Lts/|twlh}}
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{twlh|W2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{twlh|W2}}
|}{{-}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:-</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2434</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26143</id>
      <parentid>7397</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:30:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5007897]]</comment>
      <origin>26143</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="257" sha1="d5hctlgpmzjsv6ms9oq0wej658vqe0p" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;This template &quot;clears&quot; both margins; it is often used before a header to make sure that the header will be the full width of the page. For technical XHTML details see the [[w:Template talk:-|Wikipedia talk page]].

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:25%done</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2435</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7403</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T11:01:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{projectbox|theme=6|icon=25%.svg|text='''[[Help:Resources by completion status|Ntsengo wo Hetisa vutsari]]''': Tluka leri rile ka ~25% leswaku ri hela.}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}...</comment>
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      <text bytes="298" sha1="og93ze05pzwq6od8cuug9jehc4apu7e" xml:space="preserve">{{projectbox|theme=6|icon=25%.svg|text='''[[Help:Resources by completion status|Ntsengo wo Hetisa vutsari]]''': Tluka leri rile ka ~25% leswaku ri hela.}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:partly developed resources]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Ratings templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:50%done</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2436</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7409</id>
      <parentid>7406</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T11:09:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7409</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="295" sha1="snh57ebwmi6vqfjx04col8dlz3x0y22" xml:space="preserve">{{projectbox|theme=6|icon=50%.svg|text='''[[Help:Resources by completion status|Ntsengo wo Hetisa vutsari]]:''' Tluka leri rile ka ~50% leswaku ri hela.}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:half-finished resources]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Ratings templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <id>7408</id>
      <parentid>7407</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-01T11:08:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7408</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="300" sha1="d9u8my20c1atmuylnk7qfze0stq2mx5" xml:space="preserve">{{projectbox|theme=6|icon=75%.svg|text='''[[Help:Resources by completion status|Ntsengo wo Hetisa vutsari]]:''' Tluka leri rile ka ~75% leswaku ri hela.}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:resources nearing completion]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Ratings templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d9u8my20c1atmuylnk7qfze0stq2mx5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:100%done</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2438</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35275</id>
      <parentid>7410</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-06-07T21:01:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing 100%.svg with [[File:100_percent.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: redirect linked from other project).</comment>
      <origin>35275</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="280" sha1="m2cq0e1w9m422b79j0h0a7jd4fu6bdg" xml:space="preserve">{{projectbox|theme=6|icon=100 percent.svg|text='''[[Help:Resources by completion status|Ntsengo wo Hetisa vutsari]]:''' Tluka leri Hetisekile}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:completed resources]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Ratings templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>m2cq0e1w9m422b79j0h0a7jd4fu6bdg</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Candidates for Translation</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2441</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25390</id>
      <parentid>12311</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T18:13:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 17 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4616652]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25390</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="267" sha1="tn7d60y4dso23wg5vp993j5yo4t3iiy" xml:space="preserve">Lowu i nxaxamelo wa matluka lawa ma lavaka ku hundzuluxiwa kusuka eka Wikipediya ya xi nghezi kuya eka xitsonga

U nga hoxa matluka eka xiyenge lexi hi ku tirhisa xi vumbiwa-ntirho hi ndlela leyi:
 &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Translate| link to article in english wiki pedia}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tn7d60y4dso23wg5vp993j5yo4t3iiy</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Merge</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2442</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7618</id>
      <parentid>7575</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T14:57:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7618</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="954" sha1="fpudkqsspq39c5zf5lvjl0bcym60jvh" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;!--{{Merge|{{{1}}}|date={{{date|}}}}} begin--&gt;{{ambox
| type  = merge
| image = [[Image:Merge-arrows.svg|Merge arrows]]
| text  =  Kuna xi bumabumelo xa leswaku {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|tluka}} kumbe xiphemu xa rona xi [[Help:Merging and moving pages|hlanganisiwa]] na ''[[:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{{1}}}|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{{1}}}]]''. ([[{{{discuss|{{{2|:{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}|Mbulavulo]])}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{
#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
|Help|Help talk|Portal|Portal talk|Wikipedia|Wikipedia talk=[[Category:Items to be merged|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|Category|Category talk|Image|Image talk|MediaWiki|MediaWiki talk|Template|Template talk|User|User talk=
|#default=[[Category:All articles to be merged]]{{#if: {{{category|}}}||[[Category:Articles to be merged{{#if: {{{date|}}} | &amp;#32;since {{{date}}} }}|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--{{Merge}} end--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fpudkqsspq39c5zf5lvjl0bcym60jvh</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ambox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2443</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27720</id>
      <parentid>14954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-01-12T16:28:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Ambox_speedy_deletion.png with [[File:Ambox_deletion.png]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:commons:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:commons::File:Ambox deletion.png|]]).</comment>
      <origin>27720</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1588" sha1="jxoho9pa2xcl6ea0t0tfqrj5gwdkgoc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table class=&quot;metadata plainlinks ambox 
{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
| speedy     = ambox-speedy
| delete        &lt;!-- delete = serious --&gt;
| serious    = ambox-delete
| content    = ambox-content
| style      = ambox-style
| move          &lt;!-- move = merge --&gt;
| merge      = ambox-move
| protection = ambox-protection
| notice        &lt;!-- notice = default --&gt;
| #default   = ambox-notice
}}&quot; style=&quot;{{{style|}}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{{image|}}}|none
| &lt;!-- No image. Cell with some width or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width. --&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
| &lt;td class=&quot;ambox-image&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width: 52px;&quot;&gt;
  {{#ifeq:{{{image|}}}|blank
  | &amp;nbsp;
  | {{#if:{{{image|}}}
    | {{{image}}}
    | {{#switch:{{{type|}}}
      | speedy     = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
      | delete
      | serious    = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
      | content    = [[Image:Imbox_content.png|40x40px]]
      | style      = [[Image:Ambox style.png|40x40px]]
      | move
      | merge      = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
      | protection = [[Image:Ambox protection.png|40x40px]]
      | notice          &lt;!-- notice = default --&gt;
      | #default   = [[Image:Ambox notice.png|40x40px]]
      }}
    }}
  }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;td class=&quot;ambox-text&quot; style=&quot;{{{textstyle|}}}&quot;&gt; {{{text}}} &lt;/td&gt;
{{#if:{{{imageright|}}}
| &lt;td class=&quot;ambox-imageright&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width: 52px;&quot;&gt; {{{imageright}}} &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jxoho9pa2xcl6ea0t0tfqrj5gwdkgoc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Documentation</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2444</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37260</id>
      <parentid>25685</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-03-29T15:02:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>50.200.33.170</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replaced content with &quot;{{#invoke:documentation|main|_content={{ {{#invoke:documentation|contentTitle}}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt; &lt;!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage --&gt; &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37260</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="151" sha1="ii1kftoonz87mztj4siz1yhyqeg6agm" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:documentation|main|_content={{ {{#invoke:documentation|contentTitle}}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ii1kftoonz87mztj4siz1yhyqeg6agm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Merge/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2445</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21458</id>
      <parentid>7569</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-04-27T21:36:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MerlIwBot</username>
        <id>1813</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Robot: Removing [[be:Шаблён:Аб'яднаць]] (missing)</comment>
      <origin>21458</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3810" sha1="aczzt2318u6z7bvxlmuvk2k89x5uhaj" xml:space="preserve">{{documentation subpage|{{tl|merge}}, {{tl|mergefrom}} and {{tl|mergeto}}|[[Template:Merge/doc]]}}

{{tl|{{PAGENAME}}}} will add tagged pages to [[:Category:Articles to be merged]]. If the &lt;tt&gt;date&lt;/tt&gt; parameter is specified, pages are added to a subcategory of [[:Category:Merge by month]].

This template is intended to be placed on articles rather than talk pages.

==Usage==
* First parameter: name of page to be merged to (without square brackets)
* Second parameter: location of merge discussion (without square brackets)
* &lt;tt&gt;date&lt;/tt&gt; parameter (optional): date, in &quot;{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}&quot; format

'''To keep discussion of merges to one place, ensure the same location is specified on each page'''.

== Examples ==

;{{tl|merge}}

#&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Merge | ''Article 1'' | Talk:''Article 1#Merge proposal'' |date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}&lt;/code&gt;
#&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Merge | ''Article 2'' | Talk:''Article 1#Merge proposal'' |date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}&lt;/code&gt;

;{{tl|mergefrom}} and {{tl|mergeto}}

#&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Mergefrom | ''Article 2'' | Talk:''Article 1#Merge proposal'' |date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}&lt;/code&gt;
#&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Mergeto | ''Article 1'' | Talk:''Article 1#Merge proposal'' |date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}&lt;/code&gt;

{{Wikipedia:Template messages/Merging and splitting/List}}

*[[Wikipedia:Proposed mergers]]

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
[[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Merge templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;!-- ADD INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE within the proper if-then-else --&gt;
&lt;!---
----- Please place Interwiki's for mergeto below this line
----&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Mergeto|
[[da:Skabelon:SammenskrivesTil]]
[[cs:Šablona:SloučitDo]]
[[es:Plantilla:Fusionar en]]
[[fa:الگو:ادغام با]]
[[fi:Malline:YhdistettäväArtikkeliin]]
[[ja:Template:Mergeto]]
[[he:תבנית:לאחד לתוך]]
[[hr:Predložak:Spoji]]
[[no:Mal:Flett-til]]
[[pl:Szablon:Integruj do]]
[[sv:Mall:Infoga]]
[[th:แม่แบบ:รวมไป]]
[[zh-yue:Template:Mergeto]]
[[zh:Template:Mergeto]]
}}
&lt;!---
----- Please place Interwiki's for merge below this line
----&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Merge|
[[ar:قالب:دمج]]
[[id:Templat:Gabung]]
[[bg:Шаблон:Сливане]]
[[ca:Plantilla:Fusió]]
[[cs:Šablona:Sloučit]]
[[da:Skabelon:Sammenskrives]]
[[de:Vorlage:Redundanz]]
[[el:Πρότυπο:Συγχώνευση]]
[[es:Plantilla:Fusionar]]
[[eo:Ŝablono:Kunigu]]
[[fr:Modèle:À fusionner]]
[[hi:Template:Merge]]
[[he:תבנית:לאחד]]
[[hr:Predložak:Spajanje]]
[[ia:Patrono:Fusionar]]
[[it:Template:Da unire]]
[[kn:ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Merge]]
[[lv:Veidne:Apvienot]]
[[lt:Šablonas:Merge]]
[[hu:Sablon:Összevon]]
[[nl:Sjabloon:Sv]]
[[ja:Template:記事統合]]
[[no:Mal:Fletting]]
[[pl:Szablon:Integruj]]
[[pt:Predefinição:Fusão]]
[[ro:Format:Uneşte]]
[[sq:Stampa:Bashkoji]]
[[simple:Template:Merge]]
[[sk:Šablóna:Spojiť s]]
[[sl:Predloga:Združi]]
[[sr:Шаблон:Спајање]]
[[fi:Malline:Yhdistettävä]]
[[sv:Mall:Slå ihop]]
[[vi:Tiêu bản:Hợp nhất]]
[[tr:Şablon:Birleş]]
[[uk:Шаблон:Об'єднати]]
[[zh-yue:Template:合併]]
[[zh:Template:Merge]]
}}
&lt;!---
----- Please place Interwiki's for mergefrom below this line
----&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Mergefrom|
[[cs:Šablona:SloučitZe]]
[[da:Skabelon:SammenskrivesFra]]
[[es:Plantilla:Fusionar desde]]
[[fa:الگو:ادغام از]]
[[he:תבנית:לאחד עם]]
[[hr:Predložak:Mergefrom]]
[[ja:Template:Mergefrom]]
[[pl:Szablon:Integruj z]]
[[sv:Mall:Infoga från]]
[[th:แม่แบบ:รวมมา]]
[[vi:Tiêu bản:Hợp nhất từ]]
[[zh-yue:Template:Mergefrom]]
[[zh:Template:Mergefrom]]
}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Documentation subpage</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2446</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7570</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:21:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{#if:{{{Original-recipe|}}}{{{Orig|}}} |&lt;!-- reconstruction of original  Template:Template doc page pattern (now the redirected to &quot; Template:Documentation subpage&quot;) template... ca mid-No...</comment>
      <origin>7570</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2290" sha1="7idnsewnq5fdy7rgjg4m4b2bmmje2qv" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{Original-recipe|}}}{{{Orig|}}}
|&lt;!-- reconstruction of original  Template:Template doc page pattern (now the redirected to &quot; Template:Documentation subpage&quot;) template... ca mid-November 2007 --&gt;
&lt;table  class=&quot;messagebox&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.1em;&quot; style=&quot; background:#f9f9b7;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;width:60px;text-align:center;&quot; &gt; [[Image:Edit-paste.svg|40px]]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt; This is the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template documentation]]&lt;!--
--&gt; page for [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}]].&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;This page may not be intended to be viewed directly. &lt;br/
&gt;Links using [[Help:Variable|variable]]s may appear broken; do not replace these with [[hardcoded]] page names or URLs.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;{{#if:{{{inhib|x}}}{{{inhibit|}}}|&lt;!-- skip ---&gt;|&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Template documentation|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;
}}&lt;!-- Please retain the above original template... 

There are templates formulated to [[WP:DPP]] that need this.

Of course, if you all want to start updating all the interwiki exported templates, go on making things more incompatible... queries to User:Fabartus.

---&gt;
|&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}} | {{{override|doc}}}
  | &lt;!-- doc page --&gt;
&lt;/includeonly&gt;{{
    #ifeq: {{{doc-notice|show}}} | show
    | &lt;div class=&quot;messagebox&quot; id=&quot;template_doc_page_viewed_directly&quot; style=&quot;padding-left:1ex;&quot;&gt;'''This is a [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] [[Wikipedia:Subpages|subpage]] for {{{1|[[{{SUBJECTSPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}}}''' &lt;small&gt;(see that page for the {{ #if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} | article }} itself)&lt;/small&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;It contains usage information, [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] and other content that is not part of the original {{ #if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} |{{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} page|article}}. &lt;/div&gt;
  }}{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}}{{
    #if: {{{inhibit|}}}
    | &lt;!-- skip --&gt;
    | [[Category:{{
      #if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}}
      | {{SUBJECTSPACE}}
      | Article
    }} documentation&lt;noinclude&gt;| &lt;/noinclude&gt;]]
  }}&lt;includeonly&gt;
|&lt;!-- if not on a /doc subpage, do nothing --&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-semi-template|small=yes}}
----
{{documentation}}&lt;!--
Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here!
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}</text>
      <sha1>7idnsewnq5fdy7rgjg4m4b2bmmje2qv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Pp-semi-template</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2447</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7571</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:21:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{pp-meta |type=semi |small={{{small|}}} |demospace={{{demospace|}}} |expiry=&lt;!--not applicable--&gt; |dispute=no |icon-text=This...</comment>
      <origin>7571</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="870" sha1="g7wrllzodookcy3ya1dzvni1sg2gl7s" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{pp-meta
|type=semi
|small={{{small|}}}
|demospace={{{demospace|}}}
|expiry=&lt;!--not applicable--&gt;
|dispute=no
|icon-text=This {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:6}}|image, included in a high-risk template or message,|high-risk template}} is semi-protected from editing to prevent vandalism.
|reason-text=This {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
  |{{ns:image}}=image, used in one or more [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk templates]],
  |#default=[[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk template]]
}} has been [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected from editing]] by new or unregistered users to prevent [[Wikipedia:vandalism|vandalism]].
|categories={{{categories|[[Category:Semi-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-semi-template|categories=no}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>g7wrllzodookcy3ya1dzvni1sg2gl7s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Protected templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2448</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36755</id>
      <parentid>26155</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-09-06T16:11:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 1 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9698917]]</comment>
      <origin>36755</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" sha1="gl0vihtny4e614beok07sxngfy4due9" xml:space="preserve">Swivumbiwa-ntirho leswi sirheleriweke</text>
      <sha1>gl0vihtny4e614beok07sxngfy4due9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Templates using ParserFunctions</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2449</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7573</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:23:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: .</comment>
      <origin>7573</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mergefrom</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2450</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7577</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:35:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;!-- {{Mergefrom|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|date={{{date|}}}}} begin --&gt;{{ambox | type  = merge | image = [[Image:Mergefrom.svg|50px]] | imageright =  | text  = It has been suggested that ''[[:{{NA...</comment>
      <origin>7577</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="910" sha1="5chlr4ps79zsmjr3ku6v3vnyl9bp16d" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- {{Mergefrom|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|date={{{date|}}}}} begin --&gt;{{ambox
| type  = merge
| image = [[Image:Mergefrom.svg|50px]]
| imageright = 
| text  = It has been suggested that ''[[:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]'' be [[Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages|merged]] into this {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|page|article}} or section. ([[{{{discuss|{{{2|:{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}|Discuss]])
}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{
#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
|Help|Help talk|Portal|Portal talk|Wikipedia|Wikipedia talk=[[Category:Items to be merged|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|Category|Category talk|Image|Image talk|MediaWiki|MediaWiki talk|Template|Template talk|User|User talk=
|#default=[[Category:Articles to be merged{{#if: {{{date|}}} | &amp;#32;since {{{date}}} }}|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!-- {{Mergefrom|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{{date}}}|}}}} end --&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-semi-template|small=yes}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5chlr4ps79zsmjr3ku6v3vnyl9bp16d</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mergefrom/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2451</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25909</id>
      <parentid>20455</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-17T13:01:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MerlIwBot</username>
        <id>1813</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Robot: Removing [[pl:Szablon:Integruj z]] (deleted)</comment>
      <origin>25909</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3763" sha1="r2prhh1og3k7yahgkvg97p1ep1jgtik" xml:space="preserve">{{documentation subpage|{{tl|merge}}, {{tl|mergefrom}} and {{tl|mergeto}}|[[Template:Merge/doc]]}}

{{tl|{{PAGENAME}}}} will add tagged pages to [[:Category:Articles to be merged]]. If the &lt;tt&gt;date&lt;/tt&gt; parameter is specified, pages are added to a subcategory of [[:Category:Merge by month]].

This template is intended to be placed on articles rather than talk pages.

==Usage==
* First parameter: name of page to be merged to (without square brackets)
* Second parameter: location of merge discussion (without square brackets)
* &lt;tt&gt;date&lt;/tt&gt; parameter (optional): date, in &quot;{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}&quot; format

'''To keep discussion of merges to one place, ensure the same location is specified on each page'''.

== Examples ==

;{{tl|merge}}

#&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Merge | ''Article 1'' | Talk:''Article 1#Merge proposal'' |date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}&lt;/code&gt;
#&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Merge | ''Article 2'' | Talk:''Article 1#Merge proposal'' |date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}&lt;/code&gt;

;{{tl|mergefrom}} and {{tl|mergeto}}

#&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Mergefrom | ''Article 2'' | Talk:''Article 1#Merge proposal'' |date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}&lt;/code&gt;
#&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;Mergeto | ''Article 1'' | Talk:''Article 1#Merge proposal'' |date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} }}&lt;/code&gt;

{{Wikipedia:Template messages/Merging and splitting/List}}

*[[Wikipedia:Proposed mergers]]

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
[[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Merge templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;!-- ADD INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE within the proper if-then-else --&gt;
&lt;!---
----- Please place Interwiki's for mergeto below this line
----&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Mergeto|
[[da:Skabelon:SammenskrivesTil]]
[[cs:Šablona:SloučitDo]]
[[es:Plantilla:Fusionar en]]
[[fa:الگو:ادغام با]]
[[fi:Malline:YhdistettäväArtikkeliin]]
[[ja:Template:Mergeto]]
[[he:תבנית:לאחד לתוך]]
[[hr:Predložak:Spoji]]
[[no:Mal:Flett-til]]
[[pl:Szablon:Integruj do]]
[[sv:Mall:Infoga]]
[[th:แม่แบบ:รวมไป]]
[[zh-yue:Template:Mergeto]]
[[zh:Template:Mergeto]]
}}
&lt;!---
----- Please place Interwiki's for merge below this line
----&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Merge|
[[ar:قالب:دمج]]
[[id:Templat:Gabung]]
[[be:Шаблён:Аб'яднаць]]
[[bg:Шаблон:Сливане]]
[[ca:Plantilla:Fusió]]
[[cs:Šablona:Sloučit]]
[[da:Skabelon:Sammenskrives]]
[[de:Vorlage:Redundanz]]
[[el:Πρότυπο:Συγχώνευση]]
[[es:Plantilla:Fusionar]]
[[eo:Ŝablono:Kunigu]]
[[fr:Modèle:À fusionner]]
[[hi:Template:Merge]]
[[he:תבנית:לאחד]]
[[hr:Predložak:Spajanje]]
[[ia:Patrono:Fusionar]]
[[it:Template:Da unire]]
[[kn:ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Merge]]
[[lv:Veidne:Apvienot]]
[[lt:Šablonas:Merge]]
[[hu:Sablon:Összevon]]
[[nl:Sjabloon:Sv]]
[[ja:Template:記事統合]]
[[no:Mal:Fletting]]
[[pl:Szablon:Integruj]]
[[pt:Predefinição:Fusão]]
[[ro:Format:Uneşte]]
[[sq:Stampa:Bashkoji]]
[[simple:Template:Merge]]
[[sk:Šablóna:Spojiť s]]
[[sl:Predloga:Združi]]
[[sr:Шаблон:Спајање]]
[[fi:Malline:Yhdistettävä]]
[[sv:Mall:Slå ihop]]
[[vi:Tiêu bản:Hợp nhất]]
[[tr:Şablon:Birleş]]
[[uk:Шаблон:Об'єднати]]
[[zh-yue:Template:合併]]
[[zh:Template:Merge]]
}}
&lt;!---
----- Please place Interwiki's for mergefrom below this line
----&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Mergefrom|
[[da:Skabelon:SammenskrivesFra]]
[[es:Plantilla:Fusionar desde]]
[[fa:الگو:ادغام از]]
[[hr:Predložak:Mergefrom]]
[[ja:Template:Mergefrom]]
[[sv:Mall:Infoga från]]
[[th:แม่แบบ:รวมมา]]
[[vi:Tiêu bản:Hợp nhất từ]]
[[zh-yue:Template:Mergefrom]]
[[zh:Template:Mergefrom]]
}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mergeto</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2452</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7579</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:37:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;!--{{Mergeto}} begin--&gt;{{ambox | type  = merge | image = [[Image:Merge-arrow.svg|Merge arrow]] | text  = It has been suggested that this {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|page|article}} or section be [...</comment>
      <origin>7579</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="787" sha1="na770bh84uki96lxnei3luvpf1p6n4m" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--{{Mergeto}} begin--&gt;{{ambox
| type  = merge
| image = [[Image:Merge-arrow.svg|Merge arrow]]
| text  = It has been suggested that this {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|page|article}} or section be [[Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages|merged]] into ''[[:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]''. ([[{{{discuss|{{{2|:{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{{1}}}}}}}}}|Discuss]])}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{
#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
|Help|Help talk|Portal|Portal talk|Wikipedia|Wikipedia talk=[[Category:Items to be merged|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|Category|Category talk|Image|Image talk|MediaWiki|MediaWiki talk|Template|Template talk|User|User talk=
|#default=[[Category:Articles to be merged {{#if: {{{date|}}} |since {{{date}}} }}|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--{{Mergeto}} end--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation|template:merge/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>na770bh84uki96lxnei3luvpf1p6n4m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ambox/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2453</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26149</id>
      <parentid>25910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:31:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5617634]]</comment>
      <origin>26149</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8930" sha1="n3gwuldaf6pp6jgtr8nq7vvu5604kw4" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{high-use| 300,000+ | Wikipedia talk:Article message boxes }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;

This is the {{tl|ambox}} or '''article message box''' meta-template.

It is used to build ''article message box'' templates such as {{tl|wikify}} etc. It offers several different colours, uses default images if no image parameter is given and it has some other features.

This meta-template uses the ambox CSS classes in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]. The classes can also be used directly in a [[Help:Table|wikitable]] if special functionality is needed. See the [[Wikipedia:Ambox CSS classes|how-to guide]] for that.

=== Usage ===

Simple usage example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{ambox | text = Some text.}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{ambox | text = Some text.}}


Complex example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{ambox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{ambox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}

=== Article message box types ===

The following examples use different '''type''' parameters but use no image parameters thus they use the default images for each type.

{{ambox
| type  = speedy
| text  = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt; – Speedy deletion issues, such as {{tl|db-g1}} and {{tl|db-g3}}.
}}
{{ambox
| type  = delete
| text  = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt; – Deletion issues, such as {{tl|afd}} and {{tl|prod}}.
}}
{{ambox
| type  = content
| text  = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt; – Content issues, such as {{tl|POV}} and {{tl|globalize}}.
}}
{{ambox
| type  = style
| text  = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt; – Style issues, such as {{tl|cleanup}} and {{tl|wikify}}. 
}}
{{ambox
| type  = notice
| text  = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt; – Article notices, such as {{tl|current}} and {{tl|inuse}}. 
}}
{{ambox
| type  = move
| text  = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt; – Merge, split and transwiki proposals, such as {{tl|split}} and {{tl|copy to wiktionary}}. 
}}
{{ambox
| type  = protection
| text  = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt; – Protection notices, such as {{tl|pp-vandalism}} and {{tl|pp-semi-protected}}.
}}

=== Other images ===

The default images shown above are mostly for convenience. In many cases it is more appropriate to use more specific images. These examples use the '''image''' parameter to specify an image other than the default images.

{{ambox
| type  = content
| image = [[Image:Unbalanced scales.svg|40px]]
| text  = type = content &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Unbalanced scales.svg|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; This image is often used for {{tl|POV}} and similar issues.
}}
{{ambox
| type  = style
| image = [[Image:Wikitext.svg|50px]]
| text  = type = style &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Wikitext.svg|50px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; This image is often used for {{tl|wikify}} etc.
}}
{{ambox
| type  = move
| image = [[Image:Merge-arrows.svg|50px]]
| text  = type = move &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Merge-arrows.svg|50px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; This image is used for {{tl|merge}} etc. 
}}

=== Special ===

Some other parameter combinations.

{{ambox
| text  = No type and no image given ('''default''')
}}
{{ambox
| image = blank
| text  = No type and '''image=blank''' – Causes a blank area the same size as a default image. Makes the text line up well with other message boxes. 
}}
{{ambox
| image = none
| text  = No type and '''image=none''' – No image is used and the '''text''' uses the whole message box area.
}}

{{ambox
| image = [[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]
| text  = image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; imageright = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
}}

{{ambox
| image = [[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Shuttle.svg|20px]]
| text  = '''This article or section documents a current [[spaceflight]].'''
&lt;br&gt;Content may change as the mission progresses.
}}

=== Parameters ===

List of all parameters:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{ambox
| type  = delete / content / style / notice / move / protection
| image = none / blank / [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| style = CSS value
| textstyle = CSS value
| text  = The message body text. 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

'''type'''
:If no '''type''' parameter is given the template defaults to type '''notice'''. That means it gets a blue side bar.

'''image'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''image''' parameter is given the template uses a default image. Which default image it uses depends on the '''type''' parameter. 
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (Images over 52 pixels width will cause padding problems.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image = [[Image:Unbalanced scales.svg|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''none''' = Means that no image is used.
:'''blank''' = Means that no image is used but an empty area the same size as a default image is used, which means that text in the message box gets aligned well with other article message boxes. (See the &quot;special&quot; examples above.)

'''imageright'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''imageright''' parameter is given then no image is shown on the right side.
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (Images over 52 pixels width will cause padding problems.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;imageright = [[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side.

'''style'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the entire article message box table. Without quotation marks &lt;code&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;/code&gt;. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;style = margin-bottom: 0.5em;&lt;/code&gt;

'''textstyle'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the text cell. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;textstyle = text-align: center;&lt;/code&gt;

'''text'''
:The message body text.

=== Technical details ===

If you need to use special characters in the text parameter then you need to escape them like this: 

&lt;pre&gt;
{{ambox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{ambox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}


This template uses CSS classes in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] for most of its looks, thus it is fully skinnable. 

Internally this meta-template uses HTML markup instead of wiki markup for the table code. That is the usual way we make meta-templates since wiki markup has several drawbacks. For instance it makes it harder to use [[m:Help:ParserFunctions|parser functions]] and special characters in parameters. 

The default images for this meta-template are in png format instead of svg format. The main reason is that some older web browsers have trouble with the transparent background that MediaWiki renders for svg images. The png images here have hand optimised transparent background colour so they look good in all browsers. Note that svg icons only look somewhat bad in the old browsers, thus such hand optimisation is only worth the trouble for very widely used icons.

For more technical details see the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] and the &quot;See also&quot; links below.

=== See also ===

There are several meta-templates in the mbox family:
* {{tl|ambox}} – For article message boxes.
* {{tl|tmbox}} – For talk page message boxes.
* {{tl|imbox}} – For image page message boxes.
* {{tl|cmbox}} – For category message boxes.
* {{tl|ombox}} – For other pages message boxes.
* {{tl|mbox}} – Has namespace detection, for message boxes that are used on several types of pages and thus need to change style depending on what page they are used on.

Other pages:
* [[Wikipedia:Ambox CSS classes]] – Describes how to use the ambox CSS classes directly in [[Help:Table|wikitable]]s and [[HTML element#Tables|HTML tables]]. 
* [[Wikipedia:Article message boxes]] – The style guideline for creating article message boxes.
* [[Wikipedia talk:Article message boxes]] – For discussion about these matters.

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|Ambox]]

&lt;!-- ADD INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
[[ko:틀:알림 상자]]
[[is:Snið:Skilaboð]]
[[no:Mal:Ambox]]
[[sl:Predloga:Opozorilno polje]]
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tmbox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2454</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27470</id>
      <parentid>7581</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-19T17:08:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Imbox_deletion.png with [[File:Ambox_deletion.png]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:commons:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:commons::File:Ambox deletion.png|]]).</comment>
      <origin>27470</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1645" sha1="d9l1uf6a55nu8qm4wklpavxzpm4g3mx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
| speedy     = border: 2px solid #b22222; background: #fee;
| delete     = border: 2px solid #b22222;
| content    = border: 2px solid #f28500;
| style      = border: 2px solid #f4c430;
| move       = border: 2px solid #9932cc;
| protection = border: 2px solid #bba;
| notice          
| #default   = border: 1px solid #c0c090;
}} {{{style|}}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{{image|}}}|none
| &lt;!-- No image. Cell with some width or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width. --&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
| &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.9em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  {{#if:{{{image|}}}
  | {{{image}}}
  | {{#switch:{{{type|}}}
    | speedy     = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]] 
    | delete     = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]] 
    | content    = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
    | style      = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
    | move       = [[Image:Imbox move.png|40x40px]]
    | protection = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
    | notice          &lt;!-- notice = default --&gt;
    | #default   = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
    }}
  }}&lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 100%; {{{textstyle|}}}&quot;&gt; {{{text}}} &lt;/td&gt;
{{#if:{{{imageright|}}}
| &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 2px 0.9em 2px 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; {{{imageright}}} &lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and inter-wikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d9l1uf6a55nu8qm4wklpavxzpm4g3mx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tmbox/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2455</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26153</id>
      <parentid>7582</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:31:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5623701]]</comment>
      <origin>26153</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6880" sha1="7lwszvomgygrpo1e7wamzmkp7yz01gl" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;

This is the {{tl|tmbox}} or '''talk page message box''' meta-template.

It is used to build message box templates for talk pages.

This template works similarly to {{tl|ambox}} and uses the same parameters.

=== Suggested style standard ===

The styles of talk page message boxes and the usage of this template are currently being standardised and discussed on the [[Template talk:Tmbox|talk page]] of this template. Thus &lt;u&gt;don't use this meta-template for real message boxes yet&lt;/u&gt;, but feel free to use it for testing. (The discussions that led to the creation of this template is available at the [[Template talk:Imbox#Other spaces message boxes|talk page]] of imbox.)

A number of alternative suggestions for the styles of this template (and thus for all talk page message boxes) are now shown at [[Template:Tmbox/styles]] with a [[Template talk:Tmbox/styles|special talk page]] to discuss the different designs.

=== Talk page message box types ===

These are the colours and styles that this meta-template currently produces. When this template is used to build actual message boxes they should contain the same (long) texts as before, with links to explanations and they can use more specific images than the default images shown here.

Note that the vast majority of talk page message boxes are expected to use the &quot;notice&quot; type and thus will look the same as they did before.

{{tmbox
| type = speedy
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt; – Speedy deletion templates.
}}
{{tmbox
| type = delete
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt; – Deletion templates.
}}
{{tmbox
| type = content
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt; – Major warnings and problems.
}}
{{tmbox
| type = style
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt; – Minor warnings and problems.
}}
{{tmbox
| type = notice
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt; – Notices and messages of any kind, both permanent and temporary.
}}
{{tmbox
| type = move
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt; – Merge, split, rename and transwiki messages and proposals.
}}
{{tmbox
| type = protection
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt; – Protection templates.
}}

A number of alternative suggestions for these styles are now shown at [[Template:Tmbox/styles]] with a [[Template talk:Tmbox/styles|special talk page]] to discuss the different designs. Discussion about this meta-template is also ongoing at its [[Template talk:Tmbox|talk page]].

=== Usage ===

Simple usage example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{tmbox | text = Some text.}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{tmbox | text = Some text.}}


Complex example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{tmbox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{tmbox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}

=== Parameters ===

List of all parameters:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{tmbox
| type  = speedy / delete / content / style / notice / move / protection
| image = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| style = CSS value
| textstyle = CSS value
| text  = The message body text. 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

'''type'''
:If no '''type''' parameter is given the template defaults to type '''notice'''. That means it gets a gray border.

'''image'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''image''' parameter is given the template uses a default image. Which default image it uses depends on the '''type''' parameter. 
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image = [[Image:Crystal package settings.png|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''none''' = Means that no image is used.

'''imageright'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''imageright''' parameter is given then no image is shown on the right side.
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;imageright = [[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side.

'''style'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the entire message box table. Without quotation marks &lt;code&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;/code&gt;. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;style = margin-bottom: 0.5em;&lt;/code&gt;

'''textstyle'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the text cell. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;textstyle = text-align: center;&lt;/code&gt;

'''text'''
:The message body text.

=== Technical details ===

This template currently uses hard coded styles. Later it will use CSS classes enabling it to be skinned.

If you need to use special characters in the text parameter then you need to escape them like this: 

&lt;pre&gt;
{{tmbox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{tmbox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}

Internally this meta-template uses HTML markup instead of wiki markup for the table code. That is the usual way we make meta-templates since wiki markup has several drawbacks. For instance it makes it harder to use [[m:Help:ParserFunctions|parser functions]] and special characters in parameters. 

For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Tmbox|talk page]]. Since this template works almost exactly like {{tl|ambox}}, {{tl|imbox}}, {{tl|cmbox}} and {{tl|ombox}} their talk pages and related pages might also contain more details.

=== See also ===

There are several meta-templates in the mbox family:
* {{tl|ambox}} – For article message boxes.
* {{tl|tmbox}} – For talk page message boxes.
* {{tl|imbox}} – For image page message boxes.
* {{tl|cmbox}} – For category message boxes.
* {{tl|ombox}} – For other pages message boxes.
* {{tl|mbox}} – Has namespace detection, for message boxes that are used on several types of pages and thus need to change style depending on what page they are used on.

Other pages:
* [[Wikipedia:Talk page templates]] – The guideline specifying the styles for talk page message boxes.

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Talk namespace templates| ]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7lwszvomgygrpo1e7wamzmkp7yz01gl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tmbox/styles</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2456</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27469</id>
      <parentid>14955</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-19T17:08:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Imbox_deletion.png with [[File:Ambox_deletion.png]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:commons:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:commons::File:Ambox deletion.png|]]).</comment>
      <origin>27469</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24154" sha1="t7y5qsd9gdp9b1fxho37kiozbkpf5lg" xml:space="preserve">Below are the proposed designs for {{tl|tmbox}}. Don't get overwhelmed; they're actually just a bunch of different combinations of the same four design elements:
* Schmerker's {{tl|cmbox}} colored backgrounds (vs. the old &quot;coffee roll&quot; color),
* AzaToth's bottom border,
* HereToHelp's left border,
* David G.'s full border, and
* An alternate, less colorful notice style on the less colorful styles. (Don't get too concerned about it yet.)
This is not a [[m:polls are evil|poll]] but rather an attempt to get a rough opinion and narrow the field. We have tried--and will continue to try--to present the options fairly and come to the best, community-supported decision.--[[User:HereToHelp|HereToHelp]] &lt;sup&gt;([[User talk:HereToHelp|''talk to me'']])&lt;/sup&gt; and the rest of the tmbox team 14:03, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

== Schmerker style with cmbox colors: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#Schmerker_style_with_cmbox_colors|discuss]]
{{Mbox/index
 |base=ambox
 |speedy     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #FF9595; border-left: .7em solid #b22222;
 |delete     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #FFDBDB; border-left: .7em solid #b22222;
 |content    = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #FFE7CE; border-left: .7em solid #f28500;
 |style      = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #FFF9DB; border-left: .7em solid #f4c430;
 |notice     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #DFE8FF; border-left: .7em solid #1e90ff;
 |move       = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #F1D0FF; border-left: .7em solid #9932cc;
 |protection = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #EFEFE1; border-left: .7em solid #bba;
}}
{{cmbox
| style = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-left: .7em solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt; The side bar is from {{tl|imbox}}. The background is actually the old &quot;coffee roll&quot; background; if someone wants to change it slightly, that's fine.
}}
{{cmbox
| style = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #ddeedd; border-left: .7em solid #006622;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt; Both colors were derived from the GA icon.
}}

== AzaToth's idea (with amended colors): ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#AzaToth's idea (with amended colors)|discuss]]
{{Mbox/index
 |base=cmbox
 |speedy     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #fee; border-bottom: .7em solid #b22222;
 |delete     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-bottom: .7em solid #b22222;
 |content    = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-bottom: .7em solid #f28500;
 |style      = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-bottom: .7em solid #f4c430;
 |notice     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-bottom: .7em solid #1e90ff;
 |move       = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-bottom: .7em solid #9932cc;
 |protection = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-bottom: .7em solid #bba;
}}
{{cmbox
| style = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-bottom: .7em solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{cmbox
| style = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-bottom: .7em solid #006622;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;
}}

== Schmerker-AzaToth hybrid: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#Schmerker-AzaToth hybrid|discuss]]
{{Mbox/index
 |base=ambox
 |speedy     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #FF9595; border-bottom: .7em solid #b22222;
 |delete     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #FFDBDB; border-bottom: .7em solid #b22222;
 |content    = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #FFE7CE; border-bottom: .7em solid #f28500;
 |style      = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #FFF9DB; border-bottom: .7em solid #f4c430;
 |notice     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #DFE8FF; border-bottom: .7em solid #1e90ff;
 |move       = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #F1D0FF; border-bottom: .7em solid #9932cc;
 |protection = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #EFEFE1; border-bottom: .7em solid #bba;
}}
{{cmbox
| style = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-bottom: .7em solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{cmbox
| style = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #ddeedd; border-bottom: .7em solid #006622;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;
}}

== HereToHelp's idea: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#HereToHelp's idea|discuss]]
{{Mbox/index
 |base=cmbox
 |speedy     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #fee; border-left: 8px solid #b22222;
 |delete     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-left: 8px solid #b22222;
 |content    = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-left: 8px solid #f28500;
 |style      = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-left: 8px solid #f4c430;
 |notice     = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-left: 8px solid #1e90ff;
 |move       = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-left: 8px solid #9932cc;
 |protection = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-left: 8px solid #bba;
}}
{{cmbox
| style = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-left: 8px solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{cmbox
| style = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba; border-left: 8px solid #006622;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{cmbox
| style = border: 1px solid #999999; background: #f8eaba;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice (alternate)&lt;/u&gt; For those of you who dislike color. Note that that the current tmbox uses #c0c090 borders while these use #999999. I have converted this one for uniformity, though we could also convert all of them back to #c0c090. Note that the lack of a sidebar messes up the column of icons.
}}


== David G's version: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#David G's version|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #fee; border: 2px solid #b22222; 
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #f28500;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #f4c430;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #1e90ff;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice (alternate)&lt;/u&gt; (David prefers the above version.)
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #9932cc;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #bba;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #008000;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;
}}

== HereToHelp-David G. hybrid: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#HereToHelp-David G. hybrid|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #fee; border: 2px solid #b22222; border-left: .7em solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #b22222; border-left: .7em solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #f28500; border-left: .7em solid #f28500;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #f4c430; border-left: .7em solid #f4c430;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #1e90ff; border-left: .7em solid #1e90ff;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090; border-left: .7em solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice (alternate)&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #9932cc; border-left: .7em solid #9932cc;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #bba; border-left: .7em solid #bba;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #cba135; border-left: .7em solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #006622; border-left: .7em solid #006622;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;
}}

== AzaToth-David G. hybrid: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#AzaToth-David G. hybrid|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #fee; border: 2px solid #b22222; border-bottom: .7em solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #b22222; border-bottom: .7em solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #f28500; border-bottom: .7em solid #f28500;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #f4c430; border-bottom: .7em solid #f4c430;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #1e90ff; border-bottom: .7em solid #1e90ff;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #9932cc; border-bottom: .7em solid #9932cc;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #bba; border-bottom: .7em solid #bba;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #cba135; border-bottom: .7em solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #006622; border-bottom: .7em solid #006622;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;
}}

== Schmerker-AzaToth-David G. hybrid: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#Schmerker-AzaToth-David G. hybrid|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FF9595; border: 2px solid #b22222; border-bottom: .7em solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FFDBDB; border: 2px solid #b22222; border-bottom: .7em solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FFE7CE; border: 2px solid #f28500; border-bottom: .7em solid #f28500;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FFF9DB; border: 2px solid #f4c430; border-bottom: .7em solid #f4c430;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #DFE8FF; border: 2px solid #1e90ff; border-bottom: .7em solid #1e90ff;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #F1D0FF; border: 2px solid #9932cc; border-bottom: .7em solid #9932cc;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #EFEFE1; border: 2px solid #bba; border-bottom: .7em solid #bba;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #cba135; border-bottom: .7em solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #ddeedd; border: 2px solid #006622; border-bottom: .7em solid #006622;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;
}}

== Schmerker-David G. hybrid: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#Schmerker-David G. hybrid|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FF9595; border: 2px solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FFDBDB; border: 2px solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FFE7CE; border: 2px solid #f28500;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FFF9DB; border: 2px solid #f4c430;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #DFE8FF; border: 2px solid #1e90ff;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #F1D0FF; border: 2px solid #9932cc;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #EFEFE1; border: 2px solid #bba;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #ddeedd; border: 2px solid #006622;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;
}}

== Schmerker-HereToHelp-David G. hybrid: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#Schmerker-HereToHelp-David G. hybrid|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FF9595; border: 2px solid #b22222; border-left: .7em solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FFDBDB; border: 2px solid #b22222; border-left: .7em solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FFE7CE; border: 2px solid #f28500; border-left: .7em solid #f28500;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FFF9DB; border: 2px solid #f4c430; border-left: .7em solid #f4c430;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #DFE8FF; border: 2px solid #1e90ff; border-left: .7em solid #1e90ff;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #F1D0FF; border: 2px solid #9932cc; border-left: .7em solid #9932cc;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #EFEFE1; border: 2px solid #bba; border-left: .7em solid #bba;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #cba135; border-left: .7em solid #cba135;
| image = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #ddeedd; border: 2px solid #006622; border-left: .7em solid #006622;
| image = [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;good&lt;/u&gt;
}}

== Happy‑melon's style: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#Happy‑melon's style|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #fee; border: 2px solid #b22222; 
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}

{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}

== Waltham's style: ==
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#Waltham's style|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #fee; border: 2px solid #b22222; 
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #f28500;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #f4c430;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #9932cc;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}

=== With 1px borders: ===
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#Waltham's style|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #fee; border: 1px solid #b22222; 
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #f28500;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #f4c430;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #9932cc;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}


=== With 2px/1px borders: ===
[[Template talk:Tmbox/styles#Waltham's style|discuss]]
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #fee; border: 2px solid #b22222; 
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #b22222;
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #f28500;
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #f4c430;
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 2px solid #9932cc;
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{imbox
| style = margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f8eaba; border: 1px solid #c0c090;
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>t7y5qsd9gdp9b1fxho37kiozbkpf5lg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Imbox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2457</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37621</id>
      <parentid>27468</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-08-31T05:09:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CalendulaAsteraceae</username>
        <id>9807</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37621</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1656" sha1="4b65o3xw5spq23b7bnrefw8upd1qt08" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table class=&quot;plainlinks imbox 
{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
| speedy     = imbox-speedy
| delete     = imbox-delete
| content    = imbox-content
| style      = imbox-style
| move       = imbox-move
| protection = imbox-protection
| license    = imbox-license
| featured   = imbox-featured
| notice          &lt;!-- notice = default --&gt;
| #default   = imbox-notice
}}&quot; style=&quot;{{{style|}}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{{image|}}}|none
| &lt;!-- No image. Cell with some width or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width. --&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
| &lt;td class=&quot;imbox-image&quot;&gt;
  {{#if:{{{image|}}}
  | {{{image}}}
  | {{#switch:{{{type|}}}
    | speedy     = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]] 
    | delete     = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]] 
    | content    = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
    | style      = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
    | move       = [[Image:Imbox move.png|40x40px]]
    | protection = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
    | license    = [[Image:Imbox-license.svg|40x40px]]
    | featured   = [[Image:Imbox featured.png|40x40px]]
    | notice          &lt;!-- notice = default --&gt;
    | #default   = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
    }}
  }}&lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;td class=&quot;imbox-text&quot; style=&quot;{{{textstyle|}}}&quot;&gt; {{{text}}} &lt;/td&gt;
{{#if:{{{imageright|}}}
| &lt;td class=&quot;imbox-imageright&quot;&gt; {{{imageright}}} &lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{below|}}}
| &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan={{#if:{{{imageright|}}}|3|2}} class=&quot;imbox-text&quot; style=&quot;{{{textstyle|}}}&quot;&gt; {{{below}}} &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
}}
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and inter-wikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4b65o3xw5spq23b7bnrefw8upd1qt08</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cmbox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2458</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39216</id>
      <parentid>37620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-02-05T19:02:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziv</username>
        <id>11245</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>→ File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[:c:GR]])</comment>
      <origin>39216</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1377" sha1="i77di577rzo5zd7hagcbfd625hok6y3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table class=&quot;plainlinks cmbox 
{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
| speedy     = cmbox-speedy
| delete     = cmbox-delete
| content    = cmbox-content
| style      = cmbox-style
| move       = cmbox-move
| protection = cmbox-protection
| notice          &lt;!-- notice = default --&gt;
| #default   = cmbox-notice
}}&quot; style=&quot;{{{style|}}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{{image|}}}|none
| &lt;!-- No image. Cell with some width or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width. --&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
| &lt;td class=&quot;cmbox-image&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width: 52px;&quot;&gt;
  {{#if:{{{image|}}}
  | {{{image}}}
  | {{#switch:{{{type|}}}
    | speedy     = [[Image:Cmbox deletion.png|40x40px]] 
    | delete     = [[Image:Cmbox deletion.png|40x40px]] 
    | content    = [[Image:Cmbox content.png|40x40px]]
    | style      = [[Image:Edit-clear.svg|40x40px]]
    | move       = [[Image:Cmbox move.png|40x40px]]
    | protection = [[Image:Cmbox protection.png|40x40px]]
    | notice          &lt;!-- notice = default --&gt;
    | #default   = [[Image:Information icon4.svg|40x40px]]
    }}
  }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;td class=&quot;cmbox-text&quot; style=&quot;{{{textstyle|}}}&quot;&gt; {{{text}}} &lt;/td&gt;
{{#if:{{{imageright|}}}
| &lt;td class=&quot;cmbox-imageright&quot;&gt; {{{imageright}}} &lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and inter-wikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i77di577rzo5zd7hagcbfd625hok6y3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ombox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2459</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27467</id>
      <parentid>7586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-19T17:07:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Imbox_deletion.png with [[File:Ambox_deletion.png]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:commons:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:commons::File:Ambox deletion.png|]]).</comment>
      <origin>27467</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1640" sha1="bick8adcv3ioblgt8vlwzyzdfqu0ouy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;margin: 4px 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #f9f9f9;
{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
| speedy     = border: 2px solid #b22222; background: #fee;
| delete     = border: 2px solid #b22222;
| content    = border: 1px solid #f28500;
| style      = border: 1px solid #f4c430;
| move       = border: 1px solid #9932cc;
| protection = border: 2px solid #bba;
| notice          &lt;!-- notice = default --&gt;
| #default   = border: 1px solid #aaa;
}} {{{style|}}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{{image|}}}|none
| &lt;!-- No image. Cell with some width or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width. --&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
| &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.9em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  {{#if:{{{image|}}}
  | {{{image}}}
  | {{#switch:{{{type|}}}
    | speedy     = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]] 
    | delete     = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]] 
    | content    = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
    | style      = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
    | move       = [[Image:Imbox move.png|40x40px]]
    | protection = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
    | notice          &lt;!-- notice = default --&gt;
    | #default   = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
    }}
  }}&lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 100%; {{{textstyle|}}}&quot;&gt; {{{text}}} &lt;/td&gt;
{{#if:{{{imageright|}}}
| &lt;td style=&quot;border: none; padding: 2px 0.9em 2px 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt; {{{imageright}}} &lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and inter-wikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bick8adcv3ioblgt8vlwzyzdfqu0ouy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mbox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2460</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7587</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:43:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{   {{namespace detect    | demospace = {{{demospace|}}}   | main      = ambox   | talk      = tmbox   | image     = imbox   | category  = cmbox   | other     = ombox   }} | type       = ...</comment>
      <origin>7587</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="490" sha1="ihu3s1k1o64otmf5qlqxhtcvg04n90w" xml:space="preserve">{{
  {{namespace detect 
  | demospace = {{{demospace|}}}
  | main      = ambox
  | talk      = tmbox
  | image     = imbox
  | category  = cmbox
  | other     = ombox
  }}
| type       = {{{type|}}}
| image      = {{{image|}}}
| imageright = {{{imageright|}}}
| style      = {{{style|}}}
| textstyle  = {{{textstyle|}}}
| text       = {{{text|}}}

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ihu3s1k1o64otmf5qlqxhtcvg04n90w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Namespace detect</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2461</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7588</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:44:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{#switch:   {{lc:               &lt;!--Lower case the result--&gt;     &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;     {{#if:{{{demospace|}}}      | {{{demospace}}}     | ...</comment>
      <origin>7588</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1112" sha1="s6ogdrl3fdu267os41s9fqhwn7osypv" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:
  {{lc:               &lt;!--Lower case the result--&gt;
    &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;
    {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} 
    | {{{demospace}}}
    | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}
      | main
      | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}
        | talk
        | {{NAMESPACE}} 
        }}
      }} 
    }}
  }}
&lt;!-- Only one of the lines below will be executed --&gt;
&lt;!-- Respecting empty parameters on purpose --&gt;
| main      = {{{main| {{{other|}}} }}}
| talk      = {{{talk| {{{other|}}} }}}
| user      = {{{user| {{{other|}}} }}}
| wikipedia = {{{wikipedia| {{{other|}}} }}}
| image     = {{{image| {{{other|}}} }}}
| mediawiki = {{{mediawiki| {{{other|}}} }}}
| template  = {{{template| {{{other|}}} }}}
| help      = {{{help| {{{other|}}} }}}
| category  = {{{category| {{{other|}}} }}}
| portal    = {{{portal| {{{other|}}} }}}
| other
| #default  = {{{other|}}}   &lt;!--&quot;demospace=other&quot; or a new namespace--&gt;

}}&lt;!--End switch--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s6ogdrl3fdu267os41s9fqhwn7osypv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Wikify</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2462</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7589</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:46:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;!--{{Wikify}} start--&gt;{{ambox | type  = style | image = [[Image:Wikitext.svg|50px]] | text  = '''Please [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Wikify|wikify]] this {{{1|article or section}}}.'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;s...</comment>
      <origin>7589</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="934" sha1="0ews4vm67irs5ag5r78t9lhg7rul3t3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--{{Wikify}} start--&gt;{{ambox
| type  = style
| image = [[Image:Wikitext.svg|50px]]
| text  = '''Please [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Wikify|wikify]] this {{{1|article or section}}}.'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Help [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} improve this article] by adding [[Wikipedia:Only make links that are relevant to the context|relevant]] [[Wikipedia:Build the web|internal links]]. {{#if:{{{date|}}}|''({{{date}}})''|}}&lt;/small&gt;}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|Talk=[[Category:All pages needing to be wikified]]{{#if:{{{date|}}}|[[Category:Wikify from {{{date}}}]]|[[Category:Articles that need to be wikified]]}}|}}{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}||{{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{#ifexist:Category:Wikify from {{{date}}}||[[Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template]]}}|}}}}&lt;!--{{wikify}} end--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0ews4vm67irs5ag5r78t9lhg7rul3t3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mbox/index</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2463</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27466</id>
      <parentid>14956</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-19T17:07:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Imbox_deletion.png with [[File:Ambox_deletion.png]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:commons:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:commons::File:Ambox deletion.png|]]).</comment>
      <origin>27466</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="850" sha1="ck21pdu7e0g4id1h7alpfsjmqiipc9k" xml:space="preserve">{{{{{base|ambox}}}
| style = {{{speedy|}}}
| image = [[Image:Imbox speedy deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{{{{base|ambox}}}
| style = {{{delete|}}}
| image = [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{{{{base|ambox}}}
| style = {{{content|}}}
| image = [[Image:Imbox content.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt;
}}

{{{{{base|ambox}}}
| style = {{{style|}}}
| image = [[Image:Imbox style.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{{{{base|ambox}}}
| style = {{{notice|}}}
| image = [[Image:Imbox notice.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{{{{base|ambox}}}
| style = {{{move|}}}
| image = [[Image:Ambox_move.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt;
}}
{{{{{base|ambox}}}
| style = {{{protection|}}}
| image = [[Image:Imbox protection.png|40x40px]]
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>ck21pdu7e0g4id1h7alpfsjmqiipc9k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mbox/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2464</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7591</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:48:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{Documentation subpage}} &lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;  This is the {{tl|mbox}} or '''multi namespace message box''' meta-template.  &lt;span style...</comment>
      <origin>7591</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2788" sha1="e90lm4tu0kaeij1guhw7ik6ellwmxbn" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;

This is the {{tl|mbox}} or '''multi namespace message box''' meta-template.

&lt;span style=&quot;color:#F00;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Note! This template is NOT ready for use yet.'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Don't use this meta-template for real message boxes yet, but feel free to use it for testing. First the {{tl|tmbox}} needs to be properly tested and consensus for its styles achieved. And this template itself needs to be properly tested.

This meta-template is used to build message box templates that are used on several types of pages and thus need to change style depending on what page they are used on. Based on page type detected it uses one of 
{{tl|ambox}}, {{tl|tmbox}}, {{tl|imbox}}, {{tl|cmbox}} and {{tl|ombox}}.

Note that this template should only be used for message boxes that really need to adapt their style. Most message boxes do not need this and should use one of {{tl|ambox}}, {{tl|tmbox}}, {{tl|imbox}}, {{tl|cmbox}} or {{tl|ombox}} directly. Using those templates directly means that your template will look the same on its template page and at any other place you show it, which makes it clear on what kind of pages it is supposed to be used. It also gives you access to any extra features those templates offer, and it saves some server load.

=== Usage ===

This template takes the same parameters as {{tl|ambox}} and {{tl|imbox}} etc. See full documentation there. 

Some of the boxes this template calls only handles images of max 52px width, thus that limitation also applies to this template or you will get ugly padding problems.

This template optionally takes the &quot;demospace&quot; parameter as described at {{tl|namespace detect}}.

(This documentation will be extended when this template is ready for use.)

=== Parameters ===

List of all parameters:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{mbox
| demospace = main / talk / image / category / other
| type  = speedy / delete / content / style / notice / move / protection
| image = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| style = CSS value
| textstyle = CSS value
| text  = The message body text. 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

=== See also ===

There are several meta-templates in the mbox family:
* {{tl|ambox}} – For article message boxes.
* {{tl|tmbox}} – For talk page message boxes.
* {{tl|imbox}} – For image page message boxes.
* {{tl|cmbox}} – For category message boxes.
* {{tl|ombox}} – For other pages message boxes.
* {{tl|mbox}} – Has namespace detection, for message boxes that are used on several types of pages and thus need to change style depending on what page they are used on.

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e90lm4tu0kaeij1guhw7ik6ellwmxbn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:High-use</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2465</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7592</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:49:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{ombox | type = content | text = '''This template is used on [[Special:MostLinkedTemplates|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|many}} pages]].''' &lt;br&gt; To avoid any disruptions and to save server load,...</comment>
      <origin>7592</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="673" sha1="qtgze0lseb39050f1cq44giliqz97r6" xml:space="preserve">{{ombox
| type = content
| text = '''This template is used on [[Special:MostLinkedTemplates|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|many}} pages]].''' &lt;br&gt; To avoid any disruptions and to save server load, any changes should first be tested in this template's [[/sandbox]] or [[/testcases]] subpage, or in your own [[Special:Mypage/Test1|user space]]. The tested changes can then be added in one single edit to this template. As a courtesy to other users, please discuss any changes at {{#if:{{{2|}}}|[[{{{2}}}]]|the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]]}} before implementing them.
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qtgze0lseb39050f1cq44giliqz97r6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:High-use/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2466</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26139</id>
      <parentid>7593</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:30:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6182656]]</comment>
      <origin>26139</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2083" sha1="9fm8vkymabdnpw3tyaj42yfkvpk9w9u" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;

This is the {{tl|high-use}} message box.

It can be put at the top of the documentation for any high-use or high-risk template.

'''Note!''' It is normal that some of the links in the message box are red. 

=== Usage ===

The template can be used as is. But it can also take some parameters: 
* First parameter is the number of pages. See [[Special:MostLinkedTemplates]] to find out how many pages use your template.
* Second parameter is the name of some other talk page if you want discussion to be made there instead. A better option might be to redirect the talkpage of your template to that other talkpage.

Here are some examples:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{high-use| 300,000+ | Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates }}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{high-use| 300,000+ | Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates }}

&lt;pre&gt;
{{high-use| 300,000+ }}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{high-use| 300,000+ }}

&lt;pre&gt;
{{high-use| | Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates }}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{high-use| | Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates }}

When this template is placed on a template's /doc page it can be nice to put it within &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags so it only gets visible on the template page. The full code for a /doc page top then can look like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{high-use| 300,000+ }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

=== Technical details ===

The [[/sandbox]] and [[/testcases]] links are the standard names for such subpages. If those pages are created then the green /doc box for the template will detect them and link to them in its heading. For instance see the top of this documentation.

=== See also ===

* {{tl|intricate template}}
* [[Wikipedia:Template test cases]]
* [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates]]
* {{tlx|pp-template|2=small=yes}} – The protection template that usually is put on high-use templates.

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Template namespace templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9fm8vkymabdnpw3tyaj42yfkvpk9w9u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Imbox/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2467</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37628</id>
      <parentid>26142</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-09-07T02:31:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CalendulaAsteraceae</username>
        <id>9807</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37628</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9891" sha1="atx370i7w8dlxpp8omqfpi3l1hmm3r8" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{high-use| 800,000+ }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;

This is the {{tl|imbox}} or '''image message box''' meta-template.

It is used to build message box templates for image pages, such as {{tl|cleanup-image}} etc. It offers several different colours, uses default images if no image parameter is given and it has some other features.

This template works almost exactly like {{tl|ambox}} and uses the same parameters.

=== We are deploying! ===

After long discussion on the [[Template talk:Imbox|talk page]] of this template and at other places we are finally deploying this template. Feel free to convert any message boxes used on image pages to use this meta-template. If you find any tricky cases then list them on the talk page of this template and you'll get help.

When this template is used to build image message boxes those boxes should contain explanatory texts just like before. (The same texts as before or new improved texts.) If there are more specific images in the boxes or you know a better image, then use them instead of the default images shown here.

=== Usage ===

Simple usage example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{imbox | text = Some text.}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{imbox | text = Some text.}}


Complex example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{imbox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{imbox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}

=== Image message box types ===

The following examples use different '''type''' parameters but use no image parameters thus they use the default images for each type.

{{imbox
| type = speedy
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt; – Speedy deletion templates such as {{tl|isd}}.
}}
{{imbox
| type = delete
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt; – Deletion templates such as {{tl|ifd}}.
}}
{{imbox
| type = content
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt; – Major warnings and problems, such as {{tl|non-free reduce}}.
}}
{{imbox
| type = style
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt; – Minor warnings and problems, such as {{tl|cleanup-image}}.
}}
{{imbox
| type = notice
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt; – Notices and messages of any kind, both permanent and temporary.
}}
{{imbox
| type = move
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt; – Move and rename messages and proposals, such as {{tl|rename media}}.
}}
{{imbox
| type = protection
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt; – Protection templates such as {{tl|pp-protected}} when shown on an image page.
}}
{{imbox
| type = license
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;license&lt;/u&gt; – License templates such as {{tl|GFDL}}.
}}
{{imbox
| type = featured
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;featured&lt;/u&gt; – Featured image templates such as {{tl|FeaturedPicture}}.
}}

=== Other images ===

The default images shown above are mostly for convenience. In many cases it is more appropriate to use more specific images. These examples use the '''image''' parameter to specify an image other than the default images.

{{imbox
| type  = style
| image = [[Image:Gnome-dev-camera.svg|42px]]
| text  = type = style &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Gnome-dev-camera.svg|42px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; This image is used for {{tl|cleanup-image}}. 
}}
{{imbox
| type  = move
| image = [[Image:To Commons.svg|52px]]
| text  = type = move &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:To Commons.svg|52px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; This image is used for {{tl|copy to Wikimedia Commons}}. 
}}
{{imbox
| type  = license
| image = [[Image:Heckert GNU white.svg|48px]]
| text  = type = license &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Heckert GNU white.svg|48px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; This image is used for the GFDL license templates such as {{tl|GFDL}}.
}}

=== Special ===

Some other parameter combinations.

{{imbox
| text  = No type and no image given ('''default''')
}}
{{imbox
| image = none
| text  = No type and '''image=none''' – No image is used and the '''text''' uses the whole message box area.
}}

{{imbox
| type = license
| image = [[Image:PD-icon.svg|40px]] &lt;br&gt; [[Image:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Shuttle.svg|30px]]
| text  = type = license &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:PD-icon.svg|40px]] &amp;lt;br&gt; [[Image:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; imageright = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Shuttle.svg|30px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
}}

{{imbox
| type = license
| image = [[Image:PD-icon.svg|40px]] &lt;br&gt; [[Image:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Shuttle.svg|30px]]
| text  = '''This file is in the [[public domain]] because it was created by [[NASA]].'''
&lt;br&gt;Note that use of NASA logos, insignia and emblems are restricted per US law.
}}

{{imbox
| type       = license
| image      = [[Image:PD-icon.svg|40px]]
| text       = 
type = license &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:PD-icon.svg|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; below = &lt;nowiki&gt;{{imbox | type = content | text = '''This license tag is deprecated!''' }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| below = 
  {{imbox
  | type = content
  | text = '''This license tag is deprecated!'''
  }}
}}

=== Parameters ===

List of all parameters:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{imbox
| type  = speedy / delete / content / style / notice / 
          move / protection / license / featured
| image = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| style = CSS value
| textstyle = CSS value
| text  = The message body text.
| below = More text or another imbox.
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

'''type'''
:If no '''type''' parameter is given the template defaults to type '''notice'''. That means it gets a blue border.

'''image'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''image''' parameter is given the template uses a default image. Which default image it uses depends on the '''type''' parameter. 
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image = [[Image:Gnome-dev-camera.svg|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''none''' = Means that no image is used.

&lt;s&gt;'''bigimage'''&lt;/s&gt;
:This parameter has no function anymore. This template has been upgraded to handle any size images without using this parameter. If a template uses this parameter, just remove the parameter.

'''imageright'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''imageright''' parameter is given then no image is shown on the right side.
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;imageright = [[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side.

'''style'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the entire message box table. Without quotation marks &lt;code&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;/code&gt;. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;style = margin-bottom: 0.5em;&lt;/code&gt;

'''textstyle'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the text cell. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;textstyle = text-align: center;&lt;/code&gt;

'''text'''
:The message body text.

'''below'''
:A full width area below the images and text area. Can take a text or any kind of object, for instance another imbox:
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;below = {{imbox | type = content | text = This license tag is deprecated. }} &lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

=== Technical details ===

If you need to use special characters in the text parameter then you need to escape them like this: 

&lt;pre&gt;
{{imbox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{imbox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}

This template uses the imbox CSS classes in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] for most of its looks, thus it is fully skinnable.

Internally this meta-template uses HTML markup instead of wiki markup for the table code. That is the usual way we make meta-templates since wiki markup has several drawbacks. For instance it makes it harder to use [[m:Help:ParserFunctions|parser functions]] and special characters in parameters. 

The default images for this meta-template are in png format instead of svg format. The main reason is that some older web browsers have trouble with the transparent background that MediaWiki renders for svg images. The png images here have hand optimised transparent background colour so they look good in all browsers. Note that svg icons only look somewhat bad in the old browsers, thus such hand optimisation is only worth the trouble for very widely used icons.

For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Imbox|talk page]]. Since this template works almost exactly like {{tl|ambox}} and {{tl|cmbox}} their talk pages and related pages might also contain more details.

=== See also ===

There are several meta-templates in the mbox family:
* {{tl|ambox}} – For article message boxes.
* {{tl|tmbox}} – For talk page message boxes.
* {{tl|imbox}} – For image page message boxes.
* {{tl|cmbox}} – For category message boxes.
* {{tl|ombox}} – For other pages message boxes.
* {{tl|mbox}} – Has namespace detection, for message boxes that are used on several types of pages and thus need to change style depending on what page they are used on.

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Image namespace templates| ]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>atx370i7w8dlxpp8omqfpi3l1hmm3r8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cmbox/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2468</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26140</id>
      <parentid>7595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:30:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6042279]]</comment>
      <origin>26140</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8494" sha1="1r2tn9m0d8tvh74rgc2q0adquthikom" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{intricate template}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;

This is the {{tl|cmbox}} or '''category message box''' meta-template.

It is used to build message box templates for category pages, such as {{tl|CatDiffuse}} etc. It offers several different colours, uses default images if no image parameter is given and it has some other features.

This template works almost exactly like {{tl|ambox}} and uses the same parameters.

=== We are deploying! ===

After long discussion on the [[Template talk:Cmbox|talk page]] of this template and at other places we are finally deploying this template. Feel free to convert any message boxes used on category pages to use this meta-template. If you find any tricky cases then list them on the talk page of this template and you'll get help.

When this template is used to build category message boxes those boxes should contain explanatory texts just like before. (The same texts as before or new improved texts.) If there are more specific images in the boxes or you know a better image, then use them instead of the default images shown here.

=== Usage ===

Simple usage example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{cmbox | text = Some text.}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{cmbox | text = Some text.}}


Complex example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{cmbox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{cmbox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}

=== Category message box types ===

The following examples use different '''type''' parameters but use no image parameters thus they use the default images for each type.

{{cmbox
| type = speedy
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt; – Speedy deletion templates such as {{tl|db-catempty}}.
}}
{{cmbox
| type = delete
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt; – Deletion templates such as {{tl|cfd}}.
}}
{{cmbox
| type = content
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt; – Major warnings and problems, such as {{tl|CategorisationDisputedPeople}}.
}}
{{cmbox
| type = style
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt; – Minor warnings and problems, such as {{tl|popcat}}.
}}
{{cmbox
| type = notice
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt; – Notices and messages of any kind, both permanent and temporary.
}}
{{cmbox
| type = move
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt; – Move, merge and split messages and proposals, such as {{tl|categoryredirect}}.
}}
{{cmbox
| type = protection
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt; – Protection templates such as {{tl|pp-semi-protected}} when shown on a category page.
}}

=== Other images ===

The default images shown above are mostly for convenience. In many cases it is more appropriate to use more specific images. These examples use the '''image''' parameter to specify an image other than the default images.

{{cmbox
| type  = style
| image = [[Image:Sub-arrows.svg|40px]]
| text  = type = style &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Sub-arrows.svg|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; This image is used for {{tl|verylarge}} and {{tl|CatDiffuse}}. 
}}
{{cmbox
| type  = move
| image = [[Image:Redirect arrow.svg|52px]]
| text  = type = move &lt;br&gt; image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Redirect arrow.svg|52px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; This image is used for {{tl|categoryredirect}}. 
}}

=== Special ===

Some other parameter combinations.

{{cmbox
| text  = No type and no image given ('''default''')
}}
{{cmbox
| image = none
| text  = No type and '''image=none''' – No image is used and the '''text''' uses the whole message box area.
}}

{{cmbox
| image = [[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]
| text  = image = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;br&gt; imageright = &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
}}

{{cmbox
| image = [[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Shuttle.svg|20px]]
| text  = '''This category lists articles about current and recent [[spaceflight]]s.'''
&lt;br&gt;It is populated by the {{tl|current spaceflight}} template.
}}

=== Parameters ===

List of all parameters:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{cmbox
| type  = speedy / delete / content / style / notice / move / protection
| image = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| style = CSS value
| textstyle = CSS value
| text  = The message body text. 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

'''type'''
:If no '''type''' parameter is given the template defaults to type '''notice'''. That means it gets a blue background.

'''image'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''image''' parameter is given the template uses a default image. Which default image it uses depends on the '''type''' parameter. 
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (Images over 52 pixels width will cause padding problems.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image = [[Image:Sub-arrows.svg|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''none''' = Means that no image is used.

'''imageright'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''imageright''' parameter is given then no image is shown on the right side.
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But on this side the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;imageright = [[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side.

'''style'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the entire message box table. Without quotation marks &lt;code&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;/code&gt;. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;style = margin-bottom: 0.5em;&lt;/code&gt;

'''textstyle'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the text cell. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;textstyle = text-align: center;&lt;/code&gt;

'''text'''
:The message body text.

=== Technical details ===

If you need to use special characters in the text parameter then you need to escape them like this: 

&lt;pre&gt;
{{cmbox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{cmbox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}


This template uses the cmbox CSS classes in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] for most of its looks, thus it is fully skinnable.

Internally this meta-template uses HTML markup instead of wiki markup for the table code. That is the usual way we make meta-templates since wiki markup has several drawbacks. For instance it makes it harder to use [[m:Help:ParserFunctions|parser functions]] and special characters in parameters. 

The default images for this meta-template are in png format instead of svg format. The main reason is that some older web browsers have trouble with the transparent background that MediaWiki renders for svg images. The png images here have hand optimised transparent background colour so they look good in all browsers. Note that svg icons only look somewhat bad in the old browsers, thus such hand optimisation is only worth the trouble for very widely used icons.

For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Cmbox|talk page]]. Since this template works almost exactly like {{tl|ambox}} and {{tl|imbox}} their talk pages and related pages might also contain more details.

=== See also ===

There are several meta-templates in the mbox family:
* {{tl|ambox}} – For article message boxes.
* {{tl|tmbox}} – For talk page message boxes.
* {{tl|imbox}} – For image page message boxes.
* {{tl|cmbox}} – For category message boxes.
* {{tl|ombox}} – For other pages message boxes.
* {{tl|mbox}} – Has namespace detection, for message boxes that are used on several types of pages and thus need to change style depending on what page they are used on.

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Category namespace templates| ]]

[[no:mal:Cmbox]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1r2tn9m0d8tvh74rgc2q0adquthikom</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ombox/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2469</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7596</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:53:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{Documentation subpage}} &lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;  This is the {{tl|ombox}} or '''other pages message box''' meta-template.  It is used to ...</comment>
      <origin>7596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7498" sha1="i2jt7pn3pk2fvb9vouo39qbe2m4mlki" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;

This is the {{tl|ombox}} or '''other pages message box''' meta-template.

It is used to build message box templates for pages of the types: User, Wikipedia, MediaWiki, Template, Help, Portal and any new future namespaces. That is, page types not covered by {{tl|ambox}}, {{tl|tmbox}}, {{tl|imbox}} or {{tl|cmbox}}. Thus it should ''not'' be used for boxes for articles, talk pages, image pages or category pages.

This template works almost exactly like {{tl|ambox}} and uses the same parameters.

=== We are deploying! ===

After discussions on the [[Template talk:Ombox|talk page]] of this template and announcing it at several places for some time we are now deploying this template. Feel free to convert any message boxes used on &quot;other pages&quot; to use this meta-template. If you find any tricky cases then list them on the talk page of this template and you'll get help.

When this template is used to build other pages message boxes those boxes should contain explanatory texts just like before. (The same texts as before or new improved texts.) If there are more specific images in the boxes or you know a better image, then use them instead of the default images shown here.

=== Usage ===

Simple usage example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{ombox | text = Some text.}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{ombox | text = Some text.}}


Complex example:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{ombox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{ombox
| type      = style
| image     = [[Image:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]]
| style     = width: 400px; 
| textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
| text      = The message body text.
}}

=== Other pages message box types ===

The following examples use different '''type''' parameters but use no image parameters thus they use the default images for each type.

{{ombox
| type = speedy
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;speedy&lt;/u&gt; – Speedy deletion templates.
}}
{{ombox
| type = delete
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;delete&lt;/u&gt; – Deletion templates.
}}
{{ombox
| type = content
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;content&lt;/u&gt; – Major warnings and problems, such as {{tl|high-use}}.
}}
{{ombox
| type = style
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;style&lt;/u&gt; – Minor warnings and problems. {{tl|intricate}} should perhaps use this type.
}}
{{ombox
| type = notice
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;notice&lt;/u&gt; – Notices and messages of any kind, both permanent and temporary. Such as {{tl|guideline}} and {{tl|how-to}}.
}}
{{ombox
| type = move
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;move&lt;/u&gt; – Merge, split, rename and transwiki messages and proposals.
}}
{{ombox
| type = protection
| text = type=&lt;u&gt;protection&lt;/u&gt; – Protection templates such as {{tl|pp-protected}} when shown on &quot;other pages&quot;.
}}

=== Examples ===

Some examples using the &quot;notice&quot; style:

{{ombox
| type       = notice
| image      = [[Image:Blue check.svg|30px]]
| imageright = {{shortcut|WP:SHORT}}
| text       = 
'''This page documents an English Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|guideline]].''' It is a generally accepted standard that editors should follow, though it should be treated with [[Wikipedia:Use common sense|common sense]] and the [[Wikipedia:Ignore all rules|occasional exception]]. When editing this page, please ensure that your revision reflects [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. When in doubt, discuss on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]].
}}
{{ombox
| type       = notice
| image      = [[Image:Nutshell.png|30px]]
| text       = 
'''This page in a nutshell:''' This template is used to build message boxes for all pages that are ''not'' articles, talk pages, image pages or category pages.
}}

=== Parameters ===

List of all parameters:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{ombox
| type  = speedy / delete / content / style / notice / move / protection
| image = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| imageright = [[Image:Some image.svg|40px]]
| style = CSS value
| textstyle = CSS value
| text  = The message body text. 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

'''type'''
:If no '''type''' parameter is given the template defaults to type '''notice'''. That means it gets a gray border.

'''image'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''image''' parameter is given the template uses a default image. Which default image it uses depends on the '''type''' parameter. 
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image = [[Image:Crystal package settings.png|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''none''' = Means that no image is used.

'''imageright'''
:'''No parameter''' = If no '''imageright''' parameter is given then no image is shown on the right side.
:'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: 
::&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;imageright = [[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|40px]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side.

'''style'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the entire message box table. Without quotation marks &lt;code&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;/code&gt;. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;style = margin-bottom: 0.5em;&lt;/code&gt;

'''textstyle'''
:An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the text cell. For example:
::&lt;code&gt;textstyle = text-align: center;&lt;/code&gt;

'''text'''
:The message body text.

=== Technical details ===

This template currently uses hard coded styles. Later it will use CSS classes enabling it to be skinned.

If you need to use special characters in the text parameter then you need to escape them like this: 

&lt;pre&gt;
{{ombox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &amp;lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{ombox
| text  = &lt;div&gt;
Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. 
But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
And now a pipe and end braces &lt;nowiki&gt;|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
&lt;/div&gt;
}}

Internally this meta-template uses HTML markup instead of wiki markup for the table code. That is the usual way we make meta-templates since wiki markup has several drawbacks. For instance it makes it harder to use [[m:Help:ParserFunctions|parser functions]] and special characters in parameters. 

For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Ombox|talk page]]. Since this template works almost exactly like {{tl|imbox}}, {{tl|ambox}} and {{tl|cmbox}} their talk pages and related pages might also contain more details.

=== See also ===

There are several meta-templates in the mbox family:
* {{tl|ambox}} – For article message boxes.
* {{tl|tmbox}} – For talk page message boxes.
* {{tl|imbox}} – For image page message boxes.
* {{tl|cmbox}} – For category message boxes.
* {{tl|ombox}} – For other pages message boxes.
* {{tl|mbox}} – Has namespace detection, for message boxes that are used on several types of pages and thus need to change style depending on what page they are used on.

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

[[mk:Шаблон:Ombox]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i2jt7pn3pk2fvb9vouo39qbe2m4mlki</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Namespace detect/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2470</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7597</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:53:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{Documentation subpage}} &lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;  This is the {{tl|namespace detect}} meta-template.  It helps other templates detect what...</comment>
      <origin>7597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5083" sha1="e5rhjwmyo60xxg45d99hcji4sep8p8e" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;

This is the {{tl|namespace detect}} meta-template.

It helps other templates detect what type of page they are on.

It detects and groups all the different [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Enumeration|namespaces]] used on Wikipedia into several types:

:'''main''' = Main/article space, as in normal Wikipedia articles.
:'''talk''' = Any talk space, such as page names that start with &quot;Talk:&quot;, &quot;User talk:&quot;, &quot;Image talk:&quot; and so on.
:'''user, wikipedia, image, mediawiki, template, help, category''' and '''portal''' = The other namespaces except the talk pages.
:'''other''' = Any namespaces that were not specified as a parameter to the template. See explanation below.

'''Note!''' For most usage cases it might be better to use the simpler namespace detection templates. (See the [[#See also|see also]] section below.) Since this template is more prone to human errors such as misspelling the parameter names. 

=== Usage ===

This template takes one or more parameters named after the different page types as listed above. Like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{namespace detect
| main  = Article text
| talk  = Talk page text
| other = Other pages text
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the template is on a main (article) page, it will return this:

:{{namespace detect| demospace=main
| main  = Article text
| talk  = Talk page text
| other = Other pages text
}}

If the template is on any other page than an article or a talk page it will return this:

:{{namespace detect
| main  = Article text
| talk  = Talk page text
| other = Other pages text
}}

The example above made the template return something for all page types. But if we don't use the '''other''' parameter or leave it empty then it will not return anything for the other page types. Like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{namespace detect
| image    = Image page text
| category = Category page text
| other    =
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

On any pages other than image and category pages the code above will render nothing.
&lt;!-- Do not remove this one. It is supposed to render nothing, but we have it here for testing purposes. --&gt;
:{{namespace detect
| image    = Image page text
| category = Category page text
| other    =
}}

By using an empty parameter you can make it so the template doesn't render anything for some specific page type. Like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{namespace detect
| main  = 
| other = Other pages text
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

The code above will render nothing when on mainspace (article) pages, but will return this when on other pages:

:{{namespace detect
| main  = 
| other = Other pages text
}}

=== Demospace ===

For testing and demonstration purposes this template can take a parameter named '''demospace'''. Demospace understands any of the page type names used by this template, including the '''other''' type. It tells the template to behave like it is on some specific type of page. Like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{namespace detect | demospace = main
| main  = Article text
| other = Other pages text
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

No matter on what kind of page the code above is used it will return this:

:{{namespace detect | demospace = main
| main  = Article text
| other = Other pages text
}}

It can be convenient to let your template understand the demospace parameter and send it on to the {{tl|namespace detect}} template. Then do like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{namespace detect 
| demospace = {{{demospace|}}}
| main      = Article text
| other     = Other pages text
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the '''demospace''' parameter is empty or undefined then the template will detect page types as usual.

=== Technical details ===

[[Help:Template|Templates]] do have a problem to handle parameter data that contains pipes &quot;&lt;code&gt;|&lt;/code&gt;&quot;, unless the pipe is inside another template &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{name|param1}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or inside a piped link &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Help:Template|help]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Thus templates can not handle [[Help:Table|wikitables]] as input unless you escape them by using the {{tn|!}} template. This makes it hard to use wikitables as parameters to templates. Instead the usual solution is to use &quot;[[Help:HTML in wikitext|HTML wikimarkup]]&quot; for the table code, which is more robust.

For more technical details such as about &quot;copying to other projects&quot; and &quot;CSS based namespace detection&quot; see {{tl|main talk other}} and its talk page.

=== See also ===

Easy to use namespace-detection templates:

* {{tl|main other}} – For article templates.
* {{tl|talk other}} – For talk page templates.
* {{tl|image other}} – For image templates.
* {{tl|category other}} – For category templates.

* {{tl|main talk other}} – Separates some namespaces.
* {{tl|main talk category other}} – Separates some more namespaces.

Technical stuff:

* [[Wikipedia:Namespace]] – Lists all the namespaces.
* [[Help:Magic words]] – About &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{NAMESPACE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; etc.
* [[meta:Help:ParserFunctions]] – About &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#ifeq:|||}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; etc.

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e5rhjwmyo60xxg45d99hcji4sep8p8e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2471</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7598</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T13:56:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <origin>7598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="100" sha1="4pm2b0k58dfi93xpubqt4uz23dmdvk8" xml:space="preserve">{{[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4pm2b0k58dfi93xpubqt4uz23dmdvk8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2472</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40769</id>
      <parentid>19169</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-27T11:55:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>6628</id>
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      <text bytes="3552" sha1="jst6dg7vxam7mhlrz0wtueixzwvzng9" xml:space="preserve">{{template doc page}}
&lt;!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
__NOTOC__
This template is kept temporarily until pages are converted to the merged and improved {{tl|Documentation, template}}.

&lt;big&gt;'''''Note differences in usage mean it cannot be redirected.'''''&lt;/big&gt; See [[#Template parameter differences|Template parameter differences]] below.

This template displays a &quot;Template documentation&quot; box just like you are seeing now.

== Usage ==
Add to the main template at the end of the template code:

 ''{{Colors|black|#CCC|[--last line of your template code--]}}''&lt;NOWIKI&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&gt;
 &lt;!--
     PLEASE DO NOT ADD DOCUMENTATION/CATEGORIES/INTERWIKIS HERE
 --&gt;
 {{Template doc}}
 &lt;!--
     MAKE ADDITIONS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE INSTEAD, THANKS
 --&gt;
 &lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/NOWIKI&gt;

or with a parameter: 1 = name of the documentation page.

Make sure the opening &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; begins on the same line as the last character of the template code (or text), and ''not'' on a new line. Otherwise, extra space will be inserted below the template when it is used, which is usually not wanted.

If the template is already protected, ask an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to do this, or request an edit by using &lt;code&gt;{{[[Template:editprotected|editprotected]]}}&lt;/code&gt; on the template’s talk page. If documentation, categories and interwiki links already exist in a section enclosed within a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; element, move them into the documentation subpage, as it is best not to have documentation split across two separate pages.

Click the &quot;edit&quot; link, which points to the &lt;tt&gt;/doc&lt;/tt&gt; subpage, and write documentation there. If the /doc page does not exist yet {{tiw|Template doc/Preload}} is [[mw:Extension:Inputbox#Preload|preloaded]].

Add categories and interwiki links to the &lt;tt&gt;/doc&lt;/tt&gt; subpage inside &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;.

== Advantages ==
*It allows templates to be [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]] where necessary, while allowing anyone to edit the documentation.

== Limitation ==
A pipe character in the documentation page which is not inside double  or triple braces or double brackets disturbs proper functioning of this template, because the content of that page is assigned to a template parameter. Use &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;#124;&lt;/code&gt; instead.

If the documentation contains includeonly or noinclude tags within nowiki tags, replace the &quot;&lt;&quot; with &quot;&amp;amp;lt;&quot;.

== Template parameter differences ==
=== Parameter for /doc path ===
*{{tl|Template doc}} uses 1=&amp;#123;&amp;#123;'''PAGENAME'''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
:and then transcluded
:*{{tl|Template doc inline}} using
::1=&amp;#123;&amp;#123; &amp;#123;&amp;#123;'''SUBJECTSPACE'''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;:&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;'''1'''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&amp;#125; &amp;#125;&amp;#125;
::2=&amp;#123;&amp;#123;'''SUBJECTSPACE'''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;:&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;'''1'''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
*{{tl|Documentation}} uses 1=&amp;#123;&amp;#123;'''FULLPAGENAME'''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
*{{tl|Documentation, template}} uses 1=&amp;#123;&amp;#123;'''FULLPAGENAME'''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
*{{tl|Template doc inline}} uses 2=&amp;#123;&amp;#123;'''FULLPAGENAME'''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;

== See also ==
{{ Documentation/doc/see also }}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- INTERWIKIS TO THIS PAGE --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
[[Category:Template documentation| {{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;!-- ADD INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
&lt;/includeonly&gt;

[[ar:قالب:Template documentation/doc]]
[[mk:Шаблон:Template doc/doc]]
[[nl:Sjabloon:Sjabdoc/doc]]
[[ro:Format:Template doc/doc]]
[[zh:Template:模板文件/doc]]</text>
      <sha1>jst6dg7vxam7mhlrz0wtueixzwvzng9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tn</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2473</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7600</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T14:04:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Template:{{{1}}}|&lt;nowiki&gt;{&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;   {{template doc}} &lt;!-- Add categories and interw...</comment>
      <origin>7600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="240" sha1="p1ecl5plvxnm4g2o5t4mooe4rm7yciy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Template:{{{1}}}|&lt;nowiki&gt;{&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;


{{template doc}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>p1ecl5plvxnm4g2o5t4mooe4rm7yciy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Tn/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
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      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6211728]]</comment>
      <origin>26146</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1054" sha1="n8uxs35ul2v692dx8dn83r3xxlah8k3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{template doc page transcluded}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{template doc page viewed directly}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;

This macro is used similarly to {{tn|tl}}, to show the name of a template with the open and close braces around it. But this macro makes the inner braces part of the link, whereas {{tn|tl}} does not make the braces part of the link. This is to allow shorter template names to be easier to click on. The &quot;Tn&quot; name is short for '''T'''emplate '''n'''ame.

=== Usage ===

&lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{tn|name}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

It will render this:

:{{tn|name}}

Compare with:

&lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{tl|name}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

Which renders this:

:{{tl|name}}

=== See also ===

There are several similar templates, these two lists most of them with some examples:

* {{tn|tl}}
* {{tn|lts}}


&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
[[Category:Internal link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Typing-aid templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;!-- ADD INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n8uxs35ul2v692dx8dn83r3xxlah8k3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Article message boxes</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2475</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37783</id>
      <parentid>37483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-01-29T19:22:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2A00:23C8:3402:5501:1DC8:873D:8A61:99F8</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Notice */</comment>
      <origin>37783</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16007" sha1="femmm1lzjmnfzy8t90mhnwttnbnnsjm" xml:space="preserve">{{dablink|&quot;WP:AT&quot; redirects here. You may be looking for [[Wikipedia:Amnesia test]] or [[Wikipedia:Attribution]].}}

{{subcat guideline|editing guideline|Article message boxes|WP:AMB|WP:AMBOX}}
{{Nutshell|Article message boxes have a standard design and colours. They use CSS and a meta template to achieve this.}}

{{TOCright}}

There is a standard and consistent design for '''article message boxes''' — templates which go at the top of articles/sections, and identify problems or issues with the article.  The design was standardized and implemented in September 2007.

== Scope  ==

The scope of this effort is the design of '''article message boxes''' (&quot;amboxes&quot;).  Article message boxes are template messages, in a square frame (box), which are placed in articles, and are also ''about'' articles.  They identify issues or important information about the article, but are not part of the article content itself.

The following are presently ''outside'' the scope of this effort:

* The ''wording'' (text) inside article message boxes (present focus is on appearance/formatting)
* Other kinds of ''article templates'', such as [[Template:Navbox|navigation boxes]] and [[Help:Infobox|infoboxes]]
* ''Talk page templates'', which were standardised in 2005 by [[Wikipedia:Talk page templates]]
* ''Project namespace templates'', used in the [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|''Wikipedia:'' namespace]]

=== Terminology ===

* '''Template''': A page which is [[WP:Transclusion|transcluded]] into other pages, typically to re-use the same content in multiple pages.  See [[Help:Template]].
* '''Message box''': Any template that looks like a box and contains a specific message about a specific issue with a page, section, or other thing on Wikipedia.
** This is is in contrast to templates which are used for info boxes, to automate processes, or any of the other myriad things templates are used for.
* '''Article message box''': Message boxes about articles
** Info boxes, nav boxes, and such are ''part'' of an article, not ''about'' the article
* '''ambox''': Short for &quot;article message box&quot;

== Design ==

[[Image:NewbieTags.PNG|thumb|240px|What amboxes looked like before they were standardized]]

The ambox tags that we use to notify people of problems within an article are on thousands of our pages.  Our readers see them and judgements are made not only about the article at hand, but about the project itself.  In the past, we had a myriad of templates that often shared some level of consistency, but still looked very mismatched.

This effort aims to address these issues.  Design principles include:

* Colour-coding is good, but avoid excess
** Coloured/shaded backgrounds can make text hard to read for some people, especially those with [[Color blindness|color-vision deficiencies]]
* Consistent widths make multiple adjacent amboxes easier to read
* This is a deliberate design effort, while the old templates evolved organically over time
* Easily implemented
* The use of CSS allows appearance customization/override on a per-user or per-skin basis

=== Categories and colours ===

Amboxes are divided into various categories.  Each category has a corresponding colour code.  The colour-coding helps to inform of the severity of the issues at a glance.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 0 0 10%; background: #fbfbfb; border-collapse: collapse;&quot;
|- 
! style=&quot;background: #000000;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
! style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | Code
! Name
! Description
! Example Templates
|- style=&quot;background: #FEE;&quot;
| style=&quot;background: #b22222;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | #b22222
| '''Speedy'''
| [[WP:SPEEDY|Immediate deletion]]
| {{tl|db-meta}}
|- 
| style=&quot;background: #b22222;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | #b22222
| '''Deletion'''
| [[WP:AFD|Full-discussion deletion]]; [[WP:PROD|proposed deletion]]
| {{tl|afd}}, {{tl|prod}}
|- 
| style=&quot;background: #f28500;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | #f28500
| '''Content'''
| Problems with the content of an article, i.e., what the article actually says
| {{tl|POV}}, {{tl|globalize}}
|- 
| style=&quot;background: #f4c430;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | #f4c430
| '''Style'''
| Problems not with the content, but how it is [[WP:STYLE|formatted/presented]]
| {{tl|cleanup}}, {{tl|wikify}}
|-
| style=&quot;background: #1e90ff;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | #1e90ff
| '''Notice'''
| Information readers/editors should be aware of
| {{tl|current}}, {{tl|future}}
|-
| style=&quot;background: #9932cc;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | #9932cc
| '''Move'''
| [[WP:MERGE|Merge]], [[WP:SPLIT|split]] and [[Help:Transwiki|transwiki]] proposals
| {{tl|split}}, {{tl|copy to wiktionary}}
|-
| style=&quot;background: #bbbbaa;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | #bba
| '''Protection'''
| Page is [[WP:PROTECT|locked]] against edits
| {{tl|pp-protected}}
|}

The choice of colour is partly inspired by the [[American National Standards Institute|ANSI]] standard safety &quot;Signal Words&quot; and their corresponding colors: Danger (Red), Warning (Orange), Caution (Yellow), and Notice (Blue).

Most amboxes have a background colour of #fbfbfb (slightly off white), which is intended to contrast slightly with the full white (#ffffff) used for articles, while still being easy to read.  The exception is the Speedy category, which uses a pink background (#b22) to highlight the immediate nature of the problem.

== Implementation ==

As of the end of 2007, most [[Wikipedia:Template messages#Article-related namespace|article message boxes]] have been converted to this design.

The design of these article message boxes is controlled by the [[Wikipedia:Ambox CSS classes|Ambox CSS classes]], which are part of [[MediaWiki:Common.css]].

The meta template {{tl|ambox}} makes it easy to create article message boxes in the new design. It has usage documentation and examples. Note that {{tnull|ambox}} is just a thin wrapper for the CSS classes.

The CSS classes can also be applied directly to a [[Help:Table|wikitable]] or [[HTML element#Tables|HTML table]], especially when special functionality is needed.  [[Wikipedia:Ambox CSS classes]] describes how.

===Alternate skins===

It is possible to customize the appearance of ambox templates on a per-user basis.  To do this, you need a [[WP:WHY|named account]].  Then add to or altering the code in [[Special:Mypage/monobook.css|your monobook.css page]].  There are several pre-made &quot;skins&quot; available for this at [[Wikipedia:Ambox CSS classes/Skins]].

== Examples ==

Please note:
* The ''wording'' (text) of these message boxes is outside the scope of this effort.  The wording in the examples below is for illustration purposes only.
* The following box has a white background to mimic article pages.

&lt;div id=&quot;colorcode&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; width: 100%; padding-bottom: 2em; border: 1px solid #aaa;&quot;&gt;

=== Speedy deletion===

{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: &lt;!--#FBFBFB--&gt;#FEE; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #b22222;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''This page may meet Wikipedia’s [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion|criteria for speedy deletion]].'''&lt;br/&gt;The given reason is: &lt;i id=&quot;delete-reason&quot;&gt;It is a very short article providing little or no context (&lt;small&gt;[[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#A1|CSD A1]]&lt;/small&gt;), contains no content whatsoever (&lt;small&gt;[[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#A3|CSD A3]]&lt;/small&gt;), consists only of links elsewhere (&lt;small&gt;CSD A3&lt;/small&gt;) or a rephrasing of the title (&lt;small&gt;CSD A3&lt;/small&gt;).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Please consider placing {&lt;nowiki&gt;{subst:empty-warn|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{FULLPAGENAME}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;} ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; on the User Talk page of the author.&lt;/small&gt;
|}

=== Deletion ===

{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #b22222;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion policy]][[Template:Afd|.]]'''&lt;br/&gt;Please share your thoughts on the matter at '''[[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/{{{1|Template standardisation}}}|this article's entry]]''' on the Articles for deletion page. Feel free to edit the article, but the article must not be blanked, and this notice must not be removed, until the discussion is closed. For more information, particularly on merging or moving the article during the discussion, read the [[Wikipedia:Guide to deletion|guide to deletion]].&lt;br/&gt;
----
&lt;small&gt;''[[Template:AfD footer|Steps to list an article for deletion]]: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;subst:afd}} • [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Afd2+starter&amp;editintro=Template:Afd3+starter&amp;title=Wikipedia:Articles+for+deletion/{{PAGENAMEE}} Preloaded debate] ''OR'' &lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;subst:afd2|pg={{PAGENAME}}|cat=|text=}} • &lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;subst:afd3|pg={{PAGENAME}}}} [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/{{CURRENTYEAR}}_{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}_{{CURRENTDAY}}|action=edit}} log]&lt;/small&gt;
|}

=== Content ===

{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #f28500;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Unbalanced scales.svg|40px]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''The [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutrality]] of this article is [[Wikipedia:NPOV dispute|disputed]].''' &lt;br/&gt;Please see the discussion on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{{1|}}}|talk page]].{{#if:{{{date|}}}|&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;This article has been tagged since {{{date}}}.&lt;/small&gt;}}
|}


{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #f28500;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Newspaper nicu buculei 01.svg|50px]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''This article or section reads like an [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapbox|advertisement]].'''&lt;br/&gt;To meet Wikipedia's [[:Category:Wikipedia style guidelines|quality standards]] and comply with Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] policy, it may require [[Wikipedia:Cleanup|cleanup]].
|}

=== Style ===

{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #f4c430;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Broom icon.svg|40px]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''To meet Wikipedia's [[:Category:Wikipedia style guidelines|quality standards]], this article may require [[Wikipedia:Cleanup|cleanup]].'''&lt;br/&gt;Please discuss this issue on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]], and/or replace this tag with a [[Wikipedia:Template_messages/Cleanup#Specific_issues|more specific message]]. [[Help:Editing|Editing help]] is available.
|}


{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #f4c430;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Wikitext.svg|50px]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''This {{{2|article or section}}} lacks formatting.'''&lt;br/&gt;Please [[Wikipedia:Glossary#Wikify|wikify]] it as suggested in the [[Wikipedia:Guide to layout|Guide to layout]] and the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]].
|}

=== Notice ===

{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #ff0000; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''This {{{1|article}}} documents a [[Portal:Current events|current event]].''' &lt;br/&gt; Information may change rapidly as the event progresses.
|}

=== Move ===

{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #95b;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Merge-arrows.svg]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | It has been suggested that this page or section be  [[Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages|merged]] with ''[[WP:TS#&quot;Merger and transwiki proposal&quot; templates|Page title]]''. &amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;(&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Wikipedia talk:Template standardisation|discuss]])
|}

=== Protection ===

{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #bba;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Padlock.svg|40px]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | 
'''This {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}=article|{{ns:image}}=image|#default=page}} is currently [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from editing {{#if:{{{expiry|}}}|until {{#time:[[F j]], [[Y]]|{{{expiry}}}}} &lt;small&gt;(UTC)&lt;/small&gt;}} to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|deal with vandalism]].''' Protection is [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|not an endorsement]] of the current &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} version]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=protect&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} protection log])&lt;/span&gt;. {{howtoedit|lbreak=}}
|}

=== Stacking demo ===

{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #f28500;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Unbalanced scales.svg|40px]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''The [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutrality]] of this article is [[Wikipedia:NPOV dispute|disputed]].''' &lt;br/&gt;Please see the discussion on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{{1|}}}|talk page]].{{#if:{{{date|}}}|&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;This article has been tagged since {{{date}}}.&lt;/small&gt;}}
|}
{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #f4c430;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Wikitext.svg|50px]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''This {{{2|article or section}}} lacks formatting.'''&lt;br/&gt;Please [[Wikipedia:Glossary#Wikify|wikify]] it as suggested in the [[Wikipedia:Guide to layout|Guide to layout]] and the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]].
|}
{| style=&quot;width: 80%; margin: 0 0 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff;&quot;
|- 
| style=&quot;width: 52px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;&quot; | [[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]
| style=&quot;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;&quot; | '''This {{{1|article}}} documents a [[Portal:Current events|current event]].''' &lt;br/&gt; Information may change rapidly as the event progresses.
|}

&lt;/div&gt; &lt;!-- end of fake white background --&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Wikipedia:Template messages]] -For a complete list of amboxes
* [[Wikipedia talk:Article message boxes]] – For discussion about these matters.
* [[Template:Ambox]] – The meta template that makes it easy to create article message box templates in this new style. It has usage documentation and examples.
* [[Wikipedia:Ambox CSS classes]] – Describes how to use the ambox CSS classes directly in [[Help:Table|wikitable]]s and [[HTML element#Tables|HTML tables]]. 
* [[Wikipedia:Ambox CSS classes/Skins]] – Several article message box skins for your Wikipedia account.
* [[Wikipedia:Talk page templates]] – For [[User:ClockworkSoul/Templates|ClockworkSoul's Coffee Roll]] standard used in talk page templates.
* [[Wikipedia:Template standardisation]] - For standardisation efforts across the template namespace.


[[Category:Wikipedia templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</text>
      <sha1>femmm1lzjmnfzy8t90mhnwttnbnnsjm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Dablink</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2476</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7603</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T14:17:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;div class=&quot;dablink&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <origin>7603</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="102" sha1="jm7gb8nxtwkhhkjkekm6x78g9sttbob" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;dablink&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jm7gb8nxtwkhhkjkekm6x78g9sttbob</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Subcat guideline</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2477</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7604</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T14:18:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{ombox |type = notice |image = [[Image:Blue check.svg|30px]] |text = '''This page documents an English Wikipedia [[:Category:Wikipedia {{{1}}}s|{{{1}}}]].''' It is a generally accepted st...</comment>
      <origin>7604</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="903" sha1="0283dfe62mbip9oua21ww4935ahcwfl" xml:space="preserve">{{ombox
|type = notice
|image = [[Image:Blue check.svg|30px]]
|text = '''This page documents an English Wikipedia [[:Category:Wikipedia {{{1}}}s|{{{1}}}]].''' It is a generally accepted standard that editors should follow, though it should be treated with [[Wikipedia:Use common sense|common sense]] and the [[Wikipedia:Ignore all rules|occasional exception]]. When editing this page, please ensure that your revision reflects [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. When in doubt, discuss first on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]].
|imageright = {{#if:{{{3&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}} | {{Ombox/Shortcut|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}} }} }}
}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACEE}}|{{ns:4}}|{{{category|[[Category:Wikipedia {{lc:{{{1}}}}}s|{{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0283dfe62mbip9oua21ww4935ahcwfl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:TOCright</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2478</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7605</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T14:19:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;clear: {{{clear|right}}}; margin-bottom: .5em; float: right; padding: .5em 0 .8em 1.4em; background: none; width: {{{width|{{{1|auto}}}}}};&quot; {{#if...</comment>
      <origin>7605</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="377" sha1="im3ykcuda5ptu6s2kg2gus9xohv19cr" xml:space="preserve">{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;clear: {{{clear|right}}}; margin-bottom: .5em; float: right; padding: .5em 0 .8em 1.4em; background: none; width: {{{width|{{{1|auto}}}}}};&quot; {{#if:{{{limit|}}}|class=&quot;toclimit-{{{limit}}}&quot;}}
| __TOC__
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>im3ykcuda5ptu6s2kg2gus9xohv19cr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ombox/Shortcut</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2479</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7606</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-05T14:20:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;table class=&quot;shortcutbox noprint&quot; style=&quot;float: right; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; padding: 3px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border: none...</comment>
      <origin>7606</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1019" sha1="skeg2vkehsj8zdalll6tdy0p7qy6cp9" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table class=&quot;shortcutbox noprint&quot; style=&quot;float: right; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; padding: 3px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border: none; background: transparent;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- 
Putting anchors on page:
--&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{1|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{2|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{3|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{4|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{5|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
Adding the shortcut links:
--&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Wikipedia:Shortcut|Shortcut{{#if:{{{2|}}}|s}}]]: {{#if:{{{1|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{1}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{2}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{3}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{4}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{5}}}]] }}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;!--
Reporting if the first parameter is not a valid non-bracketed shortcut name:
--&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}
| {{#ifexist:{{{1|}}}
  | 
  | [[Category:Wikipedia shortcut box first parameter needs fixing|{{PAGENAME}}]]
  }} 
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>skeg2vkehsj8zdalll6tdy0p7qy6cp9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:MERGE</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2480</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9942</id>
      <parentid>9292</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-03-11T15:17:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JAn Dudík</username>
        <id>608</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>moved [[WP:MERGE]] to [[Wikipedia:MERGE]]:&amp;#32;correct namespace</comment>
      <origin>9942</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21255" sha1="8ttlt2e0z1klvv4jjdny3a4t65p2gqx" xml:space="preserve">{{redirect3|WP:DA|You may be looking for [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation]]}}

{{shortcut|WP:MM|WP:MERGE|H:MMP}}

'''Merging and moving''' are two fundamental aspects of how articles are developed, structured, and reformed on [[Wikipedia]]. A '''merger''' is a non-automated process by which two similar or redundant pages are united on one page. A '''move''' ''renames'' a page, giving it a new title.

==Merging==
There are several good reasons to merge a page:
#&lt;span id=&quot;Duplicate&quot; /&gt;'''Duplicate''' - There are two or more pages on exactly the same subject and having the same scope.
#&lt;span id=&quot;Overlap&quot; /&gt;'''Overlap''' - There are two or more pages on related subjects that have a large overlap. [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary|Wikipedia is not a dictionary]]; there does not need to be a separate entry for every concept in the universe. For example, &quot;Flammable&quot; and &quot;Non-flammable&quot; can both be explained in an article on [[Flammability]].
#&lt;span id=&quot;Text&quot; /&gt;'''Text''' - If a page is very short and is unlikely to be expanded within a reasonable amount of time, it often makes sense to merge it with a page on a broader topic. For instance, parents or children of a celebrity who are otherwise unremarkable are generally covered in a section of the article on the celebrity, and can be merged there.
#&lt;span id=&quot;Context&quot; /&gt;'''Context''' - If a short article requires the background material or context from a broader article in order for readers to understand it. For instance, minor characters from works of fiction are generally covered in a &quot;List of characters in &lt;work&gt;&quot;, and can be merged there; see also [[WP:FICT]].

Merging &amp;mdash; regardless of the amount of information kept &amp;mdash; should '''always''' leave a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]] or, in some cases, a [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|disambiguation page]] in place. This is often needed to allow proper attribution through the edit history for the page the merged text came from. Superfluous redirects do not harm anything, and can be helpful in finding articles, e.g. from alternative names.

You may find that some or all of the information to be merged is already in the destination page. That is fine; you can feel free to delete the redundant information and only add the new stuff. If there is no information to be added to the destination page, you can simply redirect the other page there, but please make this clear in the edit summary.

===How to merge pages===
Merging is a normal editing action, something any editor can do, and as such does not need to be proposed and processed. If you think merging something improves the encyclopedia, you can [[WP:BOLD|be '''bold''']] and perform the merge, as described below. Because of this, it makes little sense to object to a merge purely on procedural grounds, e.g. &quot;you cannot do that without discussion&quot; is not a good argument.

If the merger is controversial, however, you may find your merger reverted, and as with all other edits, [[Wikipedia:Edit wars|edit wars]] should be avoided. If you are uncertain of the merger's appropriateness, or believe it might be controversial, or your merge ends up reverted, you can '''propose''' it on either or both of the affected pages.

====Proposing a merger====
'''Do not &quot;subst&quot; these templates.'''
To propose a merger of two or more pages, place the template {{tlx|merge|OTHERPAGE|Talk:THIS PAGE#Merger proposal|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:DATE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} at the top of each page or section.  Using the template &lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:DATE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; as it appears here will generate the correct text. It should appear like this:

&lt;!--
{{Merge|OTHERPAGE|date=January 2008}} start--&gt;{{ambox
| type  = merge
| image = [[Image:Merge-arrows.svg|Merge arrows]]
| text  =  It has been suggested that this {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|page|article}} or section be [[Help:Merging and moving pages|merged]] with ''[[:{{NAMESPACE}}:OTHERPAGE|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}OTHERPAGE]]''. ([[{{{discuss|Talk:THIS PAGE#Merger proposal}}}|Discuss]])}}{{
#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
|Help|Help talk|Portal|Portal talk|Wikipedia|Wikipedia talk=
|Category|Category talk|Image|Image talk|MediaWiki|MediaWiki talk|Template|Template talk|User|User talk=
|#default=}}&lt;!-- End merge 
--&gt;

The date parameter is used to add the article to [[:Category:Merge by month]]. If the date parameter is not used, a [[WP:BOT|Wikipedia bot]] will add it in a day or two.

Please use the second parameters to direct '''to the same Talk page'''. Otherwise, two separate discussions could take place in each of the articles' Talk pages.  If the Talk page parameter is not specified, the &quot;Discuss&quot; links lead to the top of each article's Talk page - again, setting up a possible situation of two separate discussions.

If you know which page should be removed, use {{tlx|mergeto|DESTINATIONPAGE|Talk:DESTINATIONPAGE#Merger proposal|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:DATE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} on that page, and {{tlx|mergefrom|SOURCEPAGE|Talk:DESTINATIONPAGE#Merger proposal|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:DATE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} on the page that will remain and will receive the contents of the source page. If a Talk page parameter is not specified in these templates, all &quot;Discuss&quot; links to lead to the Talk page of the destination page, avoiding the two separate discussions problem possible with {{tl|merge}}.  It may still be preferable to link direction to a section on the Talk page; this is useful for directing the reader to a specific section of a long talk page, when it may not otherwise be obvious where the discussion is located.  The {{tl|mergeto}} and {{tl|mergefrom}} templates will appear as: 

&lt;!--{{Mergeto}} begin--&gt;{{ambox
| type  = merge
| image = [[Image:Merge-arrow.svg|Merge arrow]]
| text  = It has been suggested that this {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|page|article}} or section be [[Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages|merged]] into ''[[:{{NAMESPACE}}:DESTINATIONPAGE|DESTINATIONPAGE]]''. ([[{{{discuss|Talk:DESTINATIONPAGE#Merger proposal}}}|Discuss]])}}{{
#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
|Help|Help talk|Portal|Portal talk|Wikipedia|Wikipedia talk=
|Category|Category talk|Image|Image talk|MediaWiki|MediaWiki talk|Template|Template talk|User|User talk=
|#default=
}}&lt;!--{{Mergeto}} end--&gt;

and

&lt;!-- {{Mergefrom|SOURCEPAGE|Talk:DESTINATIONPAGE#Merger proposal|date=January 2008}} begin --&gt;{{ambox
| type  = merge
| image = [[Image:Mergefrom.svg|50px]]
| imageright = 
| text  = It has been suggested that ''[[:{{NAMESPACE}}:SOURCEPAGE|SOURCEPAGE]]'' be [[Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages|merged]] into this {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|page|article}} or section. ([[{{{discuss|Talk:DESTINATIONPAGE#Merger proposal}}}|Discuss]])
}}{{
#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
|Help|Help talk|Portal|Portal talk|Wikipedia|Wikipedia talk=
|Category|Category talk|Image|Image talk|MediaWiki|MediaWiki talk|Template|Template talk|User|User talk=
|#default=}}&lt;!-- {{Mergefrom|SOURCEPAGE|Talk:DESTINATIONPAGE#Merger proposal{{#if:January 2008|January 2008|}}}} end --&gt;

If you are proposing that many pages be merged into one page, it is better to use a single template on the destination page rather than one for each source page. The above templates will only take one parameter for an article name, so use {{tlx|Mergefrom-multiple|SOURCEPAGEONE|SOURCEPAGETWO|SOURCEPAGETHREE|&lt;nowiki&gt;discuss={{TALKPAGENAME}}#Merger proposal|{{subst:DATE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} This template will take up to 20 article names and looks like this:

{{ambox
|type  = merge
|image = [[Image:Mergefrom.svg|50px]]
|text  = It has been suggested that {{Pagelist|delim=''|SOURCEPAGEONE|SOURCEPAGETWO|SOURCEPAGETHREE|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}} be [[Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages|merged]] into this {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|page|article}} or section. ([[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#Merger proposal|Discuss]])}}{{
#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
|Help|Help talk|Portal|Portal talk|Wikipedia|Wikipedia talk=
|Category|Category talk|Image|Image talk|MediaWiki|MediaWiki talk|Template|Template talk|User|User talk=
|#default=
}}

'''After proposing the merger, place your reasons on the talk page.''' You may be able to invoke a response by contacting some of the major or most-recent contributors via their respective talk-pages. If there is clear agreement with the proposal by consensus, or if there is silence, proceed with the merger.

=====Caveats=====
*If you are unable to merge the pages, or you believe that the merger may be controversial, you might want to add a listing to [[Wikipedia:Proposed mergers]].
*When proposing a merger of pages within &quot;Wikipedia&quot; namespace (any pages that begin with the &quot;Wikipedia:&quot; prefix), do '''not''' include this prefix in the parameter.
*Due to technical limitations, the above templates are incompatible with cross-namespace mergers (mergers between pages from both the article and Wikipedia namespaces). Such instances are rare, and should be handled via manual [[Wikipedia:Template substitution|template substitution]] and editing.
*Do '''not''' use the above templates to propose a ''category'' merger. This should be requested at [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion]], which uses a separate {{tl|cfm}} template.

=====List of merge templates=====
{{Top}}
* [[Template:Merge]]
* [[Template:Merge-multiple]]
* [[Template:Mergeto]]
* [[Template:Mergefrom]]
* [[Template:Mergefrom-multiple]]
* [[Template:Cleanup-combine]]
{{Mid}}
* [[Template:Mergesection]]
* [[Template:Mergesections]]
* [[Template:Merging]]
* [[Template:Mergingfrom]]
* [[Template:Mergeto-multiple]]
* [[Template:Mergetomultiple-with]]
{{Bottom}}

====Closing/archive a proposed merger====
To provide clarity that the merge discussion is over and that a consensus has been reached, it may be important to close and then archive the proposal discussion.  To close a merger proposal discussion, indicate the outcome at the top.

To archive a merger proposal discussion, a &quot;top&quot; template is generally placed between the header and the top of the discussion and a &quot;bottom&quot; template will need to be placed at the bottom of the discussion. Note that placing the &quot;top&quot; template above the section header may interfere with archival bots.

Here is an example of how to archive a merger proposal discussion:

 &lt;nowiki&gt; == Header ==
 {{Discussion top}}
 The result was '''merge''' into DESTINATION PAGE. -- ~~~~
 Hi, I would like to discuss...
 {{Discussion bottom}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

====Performing the merger====
&lt;!-- Note: It read as if the first was the only one --&gt;
There are three basic types of merge; which to use depends on how much content of the source page you want to keep, and how much time and skill you have to do the merge:
*[[#Full-content paste merger|Full-content paste merger]] - most content, clean and fast
*[[#Selective paste merger|Selective paste merger]] - some content, clean but slow
*[[#Text dump merger|Text dump merger]] - *ALL* content, crude but fast and easy

Also remember that almost all article pages have a [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]].  To avoid losing quick access to that historical discussion, a link to the source page's talk-page should be placed at the top of the destination's talk-page, such as:&lt;br&gt; &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Article merged: See old talk-page [[talk:PAGENAME|here]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;!-- Note: If accepted, should add as step 8's below --&gt;

=====Full-content paste merger=====
# Open the source and destination pages in two separate edit windows/tabs.
# Cut/paste the entire content from the source page into the destination page and remove the {{tl|mergefrom}} tag.
# Save the destination page, with an [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] noting &quot;merge content from &lt;nowiki&gt;[[article name]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; ('''This step is required in order to conform with &amp;sect;4(I) of [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|the GFDL]].  Do not omit it nor omit the page name.''')
# Delete ''all'' the text from the source page and replace it with &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[PAGENAME]] {{R from merge}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, note the merger (including the page name) in the [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]], and save the page.
# Edit the destination page again and delete the redundant content, editing until it looks good and consistent.  
# Save the destination page.  (Edit summary of &quot;cleanup after paste/merge&quot; is appropriate.)
# Check [[Wikipedia:What links here|&quot;What links here&quot;]] on the source page for [[Wikipedia:Double redirects|double-redirects]]. 
#* Double-redirects will fail to link, and must be renamed to redirect to the current page name.
Performing a merger in this manner is beneficial when you want to include all the content from both articles in the article history of the final article.

=====Selective paste merger=====
# Open the source and destination pages in two separate edit windows/tabs.
# Cut/paste the non-redundant content from the source page into the destination page.
# Be sure to remove the {{tl|mergefrom}} tag from the destination page before previewing
# Preview and edit the destination page until it looks good and consistent.
# Delete ''all'' the text from the source page and replace it with &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#REDIRECT [[PAGENAME]] {{R from merge}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;.
# Save both, and note the merger (including the page names) in the [[Help:Edit summary|edit summaries]]. ('''This step is required in order to conform with &amp;sect;4(I) of [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|the GFDL]].  Do not omit it or omit the page names.''')
# Check [[Wikipedia:What links here|&quot;What links here&quot;]] on the source page for [[Wikipedia:Double redirects|double-redirects]]. 
#* Double-redirects will fail to link, and must be renamed to redirect to the current page name.
Performing a merger in this manner is beneficial when the source document includes a great deal of material that is not needed in the final article.

=====Text dump merger=====
Simply dumping the text from one page onto another ''is'' progress, because it puts all of the information on the same topic on the same page. This, however, seldom results in a smooth-flowing article. Fixing that may require a great deal of time and rewriting. If you can do that, terrific! Future readers will greatly benefit from your contribution. If you do not have the time or expertise to do so, please tag the article for attention; select a template from [[Wikipedia:Cleanup resources]], such as {{tl|cleanup}} or {{tlp|cleanup|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} (using the current month and year as the parameter).

==Renaming / Moving==
:''See [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions]].

On Wikipedia, usually anyone logged in can rename a page from its current name to a new one. This is also called &quot;moving&quot; because the effect is as if the page has been moved.  A [[Wikipedia:Redirects|redirect]] is automatically created at its old name so that links still work.  
Common reason for moving pages are:
* '''Decapitalization''' - Improper capitalization of page titles, against [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization)|capitalization guidelines]].
*'''Misspelled''' – The most common reason is that a page name is misspelled or incorrectly capitalized. Please fix any and all of these as you see them.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|NPOV]]''' – Terms used in a title express a bias or POV. NPOV policy requires that articles be given &quot;neutral&quot; titles &amp;mdash; using the most general and objective terms.

After a page is moved to a more correct title, the redirect should generally be kept and [[:Category:Redirect templates#mw-pages|categorized accordingly]], unless the redirect is demonstrably harmful, and especially if it is a plausible or common misspelling (or not a misspelling at all). If a page was erroneously created once at the wrong title, there is a good chance it will happen again (as a duplicate article). However, if the redirect is truly an ''implausible'' search parameter and it was recently created, it may be tagged for [[WP:CSD#R3|speedy deletion]] by posting at its top {{tl|db-redirtypo}}.

Sometimes, you may feel that a page is wrongly named for another reason. For example, &quot;Napoleon&quot; may be more properly known as &quot;Napoleon I of France,&quot; but many people refer to him as &quot;Napoleon.&quot; 

This is a situation in which a redirect would be appropriate. Most people would not search for [[Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné]], but rather for [[Mme de Sevigne]]. To some degree the choice of which title to use is debatable, depending on the relevant conventions in the English language or on Wikipedia's encyclopedic standards.

===Cross-namespace moves===
The move feature is capable of moving pages in any [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] (except &quot;Category:&quot; and &quot;Image:&quot;), and even of moving pages from one namespace to another.  Cross-namespace moving is useful when a page is accidentally created in the wrong namespace; for instance, moving [[Talk/Abraham Lincoln]] to [[Talk:Abraham Lincoln]], or moving [[Articles for deletion/Some article]] to [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Some article]].  In some cases, new users may create articles on themselves that they intend to serve as their [[Wikipedia:User page|user page]], in which case such an article may be [[Wikipedia:Userfication|userfied]].

Generally speaking, other types of cross-namespace moves will be controversial and worth discussing with other editors.  [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]] is the proper place for this.  However, when proposing to move what appears to be an article out of the main namespace, it is strongly recommended that some form of [[Wikipedia:Deletion process]] should be used, preferably [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion]], as [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletion]] and [[Wikipedia:Speedy deletion]] do not build consensus.  This is because the redirect that is created by such a move is subject to speedy deletion, which would effectively cause the article to be deleted from the main encyclopedia.

===How to rename a page===
''Note, you must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to do this, to an account that is at least 4 days old and has made more than 10 edits.''
# Go to the page that you wish to rename.
# Click the tab labeled &quot;move.&quot;
# Type the new desired title, add a reason, and click &quot;Move page.&quot;
#* The old title will redirect to the new title. 
#* The old edit history will be moved to the new title.
# Check for redirects. 
#* [[Wikipedia:Double redirects|Double-redirects]] will fail to link, and must be renamed to redirect to the current page name.
*'''''Do not move or rename a page by copying/pasting its content,''''' because doing so destroys the [[Wikipedia:Edit history|edit history]]. (The [[GFDL]] requires acknowledgement of all contributors, and editors continue to hold copyright on their contributions unless they specifically give up this right. Hence it is required that edit histories be preserved for all major contributions until the normal copyright expires.) If you come across a cut-and-paste move that should be fixed by merging the page histories, please follow the instructions [[WP:SPLICE|here]] to have an administrator repair it.

If you cannot rename a page, or you think that the renaming may be controversial, please go to [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]] and list it there.

The most common reason for failure is that there is already an article at the location to which you're trying to move the article. This is especially likely to happen if there is a history of moves from one name to another. This can be dealt with by an administrator after discussion at [[WP:RM]].

If the destination does exist, but it only contains a redirect without any history, the move will still work &amp;mdash; the designers of the MediaWiki software recognised this as a special case in which no information will be lost if a move is performed.

===Talk subpages===
When moving a page, the talk page is automatically moved as well.  A talk page may include subpages, such as archives, todo pages and the like.  To ensure that these subpages are moved, check &quot;Move all subpages, if applicable&quot; during the move process.

If subpages were not moved, they will show as redlinks on the new talk page.  To locate lost subpages, use [[Special:Prefixindex]]; enter the name of the old article page followed by a &quot;/&quot; and set the namespace to Talk.  Move individual subpages as needed.

===Article lead===
{{see|Wikipedia:Lead section}}
Since the article name is reflected in the lead, the lead must be updated to the new name.  Depending on syntax changes, the lead sentence and supporting sentences may also need to be updated.

== Pages to merge==
* Current pages tagged for merging can be found at [[:Category:Articles to be merged]]. 
:* [[:Category:Merge_by_month]] lists pages that have been tagged for merging since a particular month (tagging was begun in September 2006). 
* [[Wikipedia:Proposed mergers]] has a list of pages that are proposed to be merged, with discussion and explanation (this is an optional step; all of these articles should have merger tags as well). 

== See also ==
* [[Wikipedia:Split]]
* [[Wikipedia:How to fix cut-and-paste moves]]
* [[Wikipedia:How to break up a page]]
* [[Help:Moving a page]]
* [[Wikipedia:Article size]]

[[Category:Wikipedia how-to|Merging and moving pages]]</text>
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This template is used to link articles containing further information of the subject at hand. Up to 9 links are possible.

To use ''See also'' links, use {{tl|see also}}. To [[Wikipedia:Piped link|pipe links]] to sections, use {{tl|further}}.

=== Usage ===

;Example with one parameter
{{tlx|see|Year Zero (game)}}
{{see|Year Zero (game)}}

;Example with multiple parameters
{{tlx|see|Iraq and weapons of mass destruction|Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda|Downing Street memo|Bush-Blair memo}}
{{see|Iraq and weapons of mass destruction|Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda|Downing Street memo|Bush-Blair memo}}

;Example of linking a [[Wikipedia:Categorization FAQ|category]]
{{tlx|see|:Category:Wikipedians}}
{{see|:Category:Wikipedians}}

=== See also ===

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|[[Image:Escudo de España.svg|100px|center|Coat of Arms of Spain]]
|-
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'''Spaniya''' (Spanish: España, IPA: [es'paɲa]) i tiko ra le [[Dzongeni ka Yuropa|dzongeni ka yuropa]], laha ku vulavuriwaka [[Spanish language|Xipaniya]]. Tiko leri ri hlanganisa Xipaniya xa le ribuweni exikarhi ka Lwandle ra Atlantiki na ra Meditera, Swihlala-ntsongo swi mbirhi eka malwandle lama angarheke, kuhlanganisa na swi-mutana leswi tiyimeleke e Nwalungwini wa Afrika. Tiko ra Xipaniya ri le xikarhi ka [[Lwandle ra Meditera]] e dzongeni na vuxa, [[Lwandle ra Kantabrika]] enwalungu na [[lwandle ra Atlantika]] e vupela-dyambu. Xipaniya xihleriwe hi [[Phalamende ya xi demokrasi]] naswona itiko leri tifumaka. Xipaniya xile ka ntlawa wa [[Nhlangano wa matiko ya Yuropa]] ku sukela hi lembe ra [[1986]] naswona i tiko leri hluvukeke leri nga ra vunkaye hi kufuwa e misaveni hinkwayo, kasi riri ra vunthlanu e Yuropa. Xipaniya, Portugal na Andora i matiko lama vumbaka ribuwa-nkulu ra Iberiya, naswona ma hlanganisa vu anamo bya kwalomu ka 504,030 km², Hi rona tiko leri anameke ngopfu e vupela-dyambu bya Yuropa(kulandzela Furhwa).

Xipaniya xi hlakarherile e hansi ka [[mfumo wa rhoma]] Hispaniya, hikwalaho xi va ri nwana ra matiko ya nkoka e nkarhini wolowo. E minkarhini leyi landzeleke, Xipaniya ri fumiwile hi [[Jarimani]], endhzaku ri ta fumiwa hi mufumi wa mu Islamu. Xipaniya ri hlaserile [[Furhwa]] hi [[1793]] loko mafurhwa ma dlayile hosi ya wona [[Luwi wa vu Khume-ntsevu]], kambe ri hluriwa kufika laha ri kondleteleke kurhula na furhwa hi [[1795]].

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{{Image label small|x=0.95|y=0.42|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[Caspian Sea|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Caspian&lt;br/&gt;Sea&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.20|y=0.33|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[Celtic Sea|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Celtic&lt;br/&gt;Sea&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.38|y=0.22|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[Skagerrak|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Skagerrak&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.12|y=0.07|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[Greenland Sea|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Greenland Sea&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.09|y=0.58|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[Gulf of Cadiz|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Gulf of&lt;br/&gt;Cadiz&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.38|y=0.46|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[Ligurian Sea|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Ligurian&lt;br/&gt;Sea&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.34|y=0.58|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[Mediterranean Sea|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Mediterranean Sea&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.01|y=0.33|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[North Atlantic Ocean|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;North&lt;br/&gt;Atlantic&lt;br/&gt;Ocean&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=0.23|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[North Sea|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;North&lt;br/&gt;Sea&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=0.10|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[Norwegian Sea|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Norwegian&lt;br/&gt;Sea&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=1.04|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Strait of Gibraltar|&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Strait of Gibraltar&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=1.02|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=&lt;small&gt;[[Gibraltar]] [[United Kingdom|(UK)]]&lt;/small&gt;}}

{{Image label end}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Europe country templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[chr:Template:ᎡᎶᏆ]]
[[en:Template:Europe and Sea]]
[[fa:الگو:اروپا]]
[[ha:Template:Tūrai]]
[[id:Templat:Peta Eropa]]
[[is:Snið:Kort af Evrópu]]
[[ja:Template:ヨーロッパ地図]]
[[km:ទំព័រគំរូ:អឺរ៉ុប និង សមុទ្រ]]
[[ko:틀:유럽 위치지도]]
[[map-bms:Cithakan:Peta Eropa]]
[[nv:Bee álnééhí:Béésh Bich’ahníí Bikéyah]]
[[pt:Predefinição:Mapa detalhado da Europa]]
[[ro:Format:Harta politică a Europei]]
[[ru:Шаблон:Полная Карта Европы]]
[[sah:Халыып:Эуропа]]
[[tr:Şablon:Avrupa haritası]]
[[vep:Šablon:Evrop da merid]]
[[wuu:模板:欧洲和海]]
[[zu:Template:IYurophu]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Portal:Europe</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Legobot</username>
        <id>2760</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 28 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4997598]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2970" sha1="4g0mm640axoi9qfjgutgmgq55ltsi74" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
&lt;!--      Full Column           --&gt;
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
{|width=100% border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;padding:0px; margin:2px;&quot; |
|-
|colspan=3 valign=top|
{{Robelbox|theme=7|title=Nyangwankulu wa Yuropa|height=10%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:200%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Nyangwa-nkulu wa Yuropa'''
|}&lt;center&gt;
&lt;BR&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;BR&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:75%; padding:4px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Africa|'''Afrika''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Europe|'''Yuropa''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Spain|'''Xipaniya''']]
|}&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
&lt;!--     Left Column            --&gt;
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
|-
|width=65% valign=top height=50px|
{{Robelbox|theme=7|title=Matiko ya Yuropa|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{{Yuropa-Xifaniso}}
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{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=7|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku Engeteriwa|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
Ha ku amukela laha Nyangweni-nkulu wa Yuropa.minkongomiso yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Europe|Nyangwa-nkulu wa Yuropa eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]] ivi u sungula kuhundzuluxa. 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
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&lt;!--     Right Column           --&gt;
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
|width=35% valign=top height=50px|
{{Robelbox|theme=7|title=Endzeni ka Nyangwa-nkulu lowu|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{{:Portal:Europe/About}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
|}
{{Robelbox|theme=7|title=Ti wiki tinwana to yelana na nyangwa-nkulu wa ta Yuropa|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:centre&quot;
| [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:Europe|'''Yuropa e ka Wikiquote''']]&lt;/br&gt; Quotes
| [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:Europe|'''Yuropa e ka Commons''']]&lt;/br&gt; Images
| [[Image:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[s:Category:Europe|'''Yuropa e ka Wikisource''']]&lt;/br&gt; Texts
| [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[:wikibooks:Europe|'''Yuropa e ka Wikibooks''']]&lt;/br&gt; Manuals &amp; Texts
|}
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{{Robelbox/close}}</text>
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  <page>
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        <id>89</id>
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      <comment>[[Spain]] moved to [[Spaniya]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="21" sha1="ps0ep0r3ax0s3ewhhoiuiaaa1j102xf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Spaniya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ireland</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
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      <comment>Removing text in English + change for Infobox with more details</comment>
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      <text bytes="477" sha1="i1mg85hp8k0l4heq4uv8urjqj3tmyrf" xml:space="preserve">{{Translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland}}
{{Tiko
|name               = Ireland
|mujeko             = Flag of Ireland.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of Ireland.svg
|image              = [[File:Europe location IRL.png|190px|center]]
|Ntsindza           =  Dublin
|official_languages = -
|area               = 70 273 
|population         = 4 761 865
|year               = 2016
|density            = 67,7
}}

A tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. 

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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      <comment>Redirecting to [[Wikipedia:Bot]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Portal:Europe/About</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-07T08:44:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {| align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;| style=&quot;width:100%; vertical-align:top; background-color:transparent;&quot; | |- ! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Cult...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4078" sha1="1nrek7ys9i8hb0bgqo9jokv4rhvfl2o" xml:space="preserve">{| align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;| style=&quot;width:100%; vertical-align:top; background-color:transparent;&quot; |
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Culture of Europe|Ndhzavuko]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Architecture of Europe|Vuaki]] ([[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Tindhzawu ta mfuwo wa rixaka]]){{·}} [[European art|Vuqambhi]]{{·}} [[European cinema|Cinema]] ([[List of film festivals in Europe|Mintlangiso ya tifilimi]]{{·}} [[List of Europe films|Nxaxamelo wa tifilimi]]){{·}} [[Cuisine of Europe|Swakudya]]{{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Etiquette in Europe|Matikhomele]]{{·}} [[Languages of Europe|Tndzimi]]{{·}} [[European literature|Tibuku]] ([[List of European writers by country|Vatsari kuya hi vutiko]]){{·}} [[Music of Europe|Vunanga]] ([[List of European musicians|Va yimbeleri]]){{·}} [[Religion in Europe|Vukhongeri]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Demographics of Europe|Swiyimo swa vanhu Hi malembe]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[European people|Vanhu]]{{·}} [[List of European countries by population|Matiko hi ku talaka vanhu]]{{·}} [[List of European countries by population density|Matiko hi ku tlimbana ka vanhu]]{{·}} [[HIV/AIDS in Europe|Vuvabyi bya HIV/AIDS]]{{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Urbanization in Europe|Ku Hluvukisiwa ka tinzhawu]] ([[List of most populous cities in Europe|Nxaxamelo wa madoroba lama ngani vanhu hi xitalo]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Economy of Europe|Rifuwo]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[List of European countries by GDP|Matiko kuya hi GDP]]{{·}} [[List of European countries by Human Development Index|Matiko kuya hi HDI]]{{·}} [[Central banks and currencies of Europe|Tibangi mfumo na Mali]]{{·}} [[Poverty in Europe|Vutsweti]]{{·}} [[Renewable energy in Europe|Matimba ya vutirhisi ya ntumbuluko]]{{·}} [[List of European stock exchanges|Mavhengele na kuxavisa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Geography of Europe|Ntivo-mbagu]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Matiko ya Yuropa|Matiko]]{{·}} [[Ecology of Europe|Ntivo-ntumbuluko]]{{·}} [[Swihlala_Swa_Yuropa|Nxaxamelo wa swihlala]]{{·}} [[List of rivers of Europe|Nxaxamelo wa milambu]]{{·}} [[Regions of Europe|Swifundza]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[History of Europe|Matimu]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;([[European exploration of Africa|Kunghenelela ka Yuropa]]{{·}} [[Nkwetlembetwano hi Afrika]]){{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Economic history of Europe|Matimu ya ta Rifuwo]]{{·}} [[Military history of Europe|Matimu ya tinyimpi]] ([[List of conflicts in Europe|Nxaxamelo wa Minjeka-njekisano]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[Politics of Europe|Tipolotiki]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Nhlangano wa matiko ya Yuropa]]{{·}} [[Nhlawulo e Yuropa]]{{·}} [[Tmfanelo to vanhu e Yuropa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[:Category:European society|Ntsungu wa vanhu]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Filosofi ya Yuropa]]{{·}} [[Education in Europe|Tidyondzo]]{{·}} [[Media in Europe|Vuhaxi]] ([[List of radio stations in Europe|Nxaxamelo wa switichi swa Rhadiyo]]{{·}} [[List of television stations in Europe|Nxaxamelo&amp;nbsp;wa&amp;nbsp;Switichi swa&amp;nbsp;Thelevhixini]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[:Category:Sport in Europe|Mintlangu]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Nhlangano wa Khrikete wa Yuropa]]{{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Nhlangano wa Bholo ya milenge wa Afrika]] ([[Xidlodlo ya Bholo ya milenge xa Yuropa]]){{·}} [[List of European stadiums by capacity|Mavala ya mintlangu hi vukulu]]{{·}}&lt;br/&gt;[[Nhlangano wa Rugby wa Yuropa]] ([[Khapu ya Yuropa]])&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | [[:Category:Europe by year|Malembe]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[2005 e Yuropa]]{{·}} [[2006 e Yuropa]]{{·}} [[2007 e Yuropa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Swivongo swa Xitsonga</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2496</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36438</id>
      <parentid>36437</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-07T08:17:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>7445</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Nyamari wa ntima|Nyamari wa ntima]] ([[User talk:Nyamari wa ntima|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="41" sha1="ifkkvkda5coj4ptrfy6xsqvkbsmhzaf" xml:space="preserve">Lowu i nxaxamelo wa Swivongo-swa Xitsonga</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xillenge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2497</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32942</id>
      <parentid>32941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-11-18T14:08:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>/* Xithopo xa muti */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2132" sha1="2n1kdgpxclfmwr7pzwj5e4ggl91tl4g" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       = Xillenge
| title                          = Khwembe
| image                      = [[Image:Love_Pumpkin.png||200px]]
| caption                    = '''&quot;Kwembe ra ku hiwa a rina murhu&quot;'''
| reign                        = Xillenge; Shillenge; Chillengue
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Bushbuckridge]]{{·}}[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Chibabele]]{{·}} [[Chibuto]]{{·}}[[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Hokwe]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                   =  &lt;small&gt;[[Mbuzini]]{{·}}[[Malelane]]{{·}}[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe               =  &lt;small&gt;[[Musapa]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Ntlawa                     = Vahlengwe
}}

'''Muti waka Xillenge''' i muti lowu vulavulaka [[Xitsonga]]. Ku hava vumbhoni lebyi seketelaka leswi, kambe kuvuriwa leswaku vakaxillenge vave tihosi ta ndzhawu leyi vuriwaka leswaku hile: Xillengeni (''Chillengeni''). Kuni swimutana swo hlaya e hansi ka muti wa Xillenge, kambe swi hlangana eka Kokwani-xindhuwe loyi a vuriwaka : '''''Khwembe'''''.

Nxaxamelo lowu tiviwaka wa vakwokwa-wa vakwokwani vaka xilenge wu sungula eka Khwembe ivi wu ta haleno.

== Xithopo xa muti ==
Xi thopo lexi landzelaka i xa muti wa ka Xillenge, naswona xitiveka ngopfu le ka xibhabhele e Muzambhiki.
&lt;blockquote&gt;
''Zindhe!... ( Siyendha )''&lt;BR&gt;
''S'bonge sihle... ( Mthovokazi )''&lt;BR&gt;
''Khwembe!...  ( Kwembe ra ku hiwa arina murhu! )''&lt;BR&gt;
''Nhongo!...''&lt;BR&gt;
''Mzaya!...''&lt;BR&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Lexi hi xona xi thopo lexi tivekaka xa muti lowu. Kuni ku hambana-nyana eka swi mutana swa ka Xillenge loko swiri karhi swi thopa xivongo lexi, kambe hinkwaswo swo thlelela eka khwembe.

== Rhavi e ka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==
Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Xillenge, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va hlengwe''' e ka rixaka ra [[Vatsonga]]. Leri i rhavi Leri kulu eka ma rhavi ya ntsevu lawa Junod a tsaleke ha wona.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>38714</id>
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        <username>Aquino101</username>
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      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5454" sha1="trtycppbuudzm3nniuvh7bv3osdrley" xml:space="preserve">{{Translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia}}
{{infobox Website
| name = Wikipediya
| logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|100px]]
| screenshot = [[File:Www.wikipedia screenshot (2021).png|border|280px|Xifaniso xa nyangwa-nkulu wa tindzimi ya Wikipediya.]]
| caption = Xifaniso xa nyangwa-nkulu wa tindzimi ya Wikipediya.
| url = [http://www.ts.wikipedia.org www.ts.wikipedia.org]
| type of organization = [[Nonprofit|Ayi hakeleriwi]]
| location = [[Miami, Florida|E mayami, florida]]
| type = [[Internet encyclopedia project|encyclopediya ya le ka inthanete]]
| language = 236 wa vuhundzuluxi (253 hixitalo)
| registration = Ahixikolo-kolo
| owner = [[Wikimedia Foundation]]
| author = [[Jimmy Wales]], [[Larry Sanger]]&lt;!-- Please, please, [discuss] on talk page before rewriting history. This has been in this article for years. --&gt;&lt;ref name=projectorigins&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|author=Jonathan Sidener|title=Everyone's Encyclopedia|accessdate=2006-10-15|publisher=San Diego Union Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| launch date = {{birth date|2001|1|15}}
| commercial = E-e
| alexa = #8
| current status = Ntirho lowu yaka emahlweni&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_a_work_in_progress |title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia is a work in progress |accessdate=2008-07-03 |publisher=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| slogan = encyclopediya ya mahala leyi lulamisiwaka hi mani na mani.
}}

'''Wikipediya'''  i nghula ya vutivi ya [[Free content|mahala]],&lt;ref&gt;swi yenge swinwana swa wikipediya ya xinghezi, swini swi faniso leswi sirheleriweke.&lt;/ref&gt; [[multilingualism|tindzimi]] to hambana-hambana, naswona phurojeki leyi yikongomisiwa hi [[non-profit organization|nhlangano lowu nga hakeleriwiki]] e [[United States|Amerika]] kunga [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. Vito rayona i nkatsakano wa maviti ''[[wiki]]'' (thekinologi yo tumbuluxa matluka ya [[inthaneti]] hiku hlanyela ka vanhu) na ''encyclopediya''. Yi sunguriwe hi lembe ra 2001 hi [[Jimmy Wales]] na [[Larry Sanger]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Miliard&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.slweekly.com/index.cfm?do=article.details&amp;id=37BD3969-14D1-13A2-9F5EEAF5A79E0898|title=Wikipediots: Who are these devoted, even obsessive contributors to Wikipedia?|accessdate=2008-02-21|date=2008-03-01|publisher=[[Salt Lake City Weekly]]|first=Mike|last=Miliard|archive-date=2008-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416143610/http://www.slweekly.com/index.cfm?do=article.details&amp;id=37BD3969-14D1-13A2-9F5EEAF5A79E0898|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yi ringeta ku hlengeleta no komisa vutivi hinkwabyo bya vanhu hi tindzimi-nkulu hinkwato.&lt;ref&gt;[http://interviews.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/07/28/1351230 Slashdot | Wikipedia Founder Jimmy Wales Responds&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kusukela hi [[Hukuri]] 2008, Wikipediya yi ve ni matsalwa yo hundza 10&amp;nbsp;wa ti miliyoni hi tindzimi ta '''253''';, laha kutluya xiyenge xa tona tinga tsariwa hi xinghezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ListOfWikipedias&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics | title = Statistics | publisher = [[English Wikipedia]] | accessdate = 2008-06-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Matsalwa ya Wikipediya ya tsariwe hi [[collaboration|kuhlengela]] hi [[volunteer|vupfuneti]] emisaveni hinkwayo, naswona matsalwa hinkawo malulamisiwa himani na mani loyi angani inthaneti.&lt;ref&gt; Eswi yengeni swinwana swa misava, wikipediya e inthanetini yi pfariwile.&lt;/ref&gt; Leswi yi kuleke kusukela loko yi sunguriwa,&lt;ref name=&quot;AlexaStats&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details/wikipedia.org?range=5y&amp;size=large&amp;y=t | title = Five-year traffic statistics for wikipedia.org | publisher = [[Alexa Internet]] | accessdate = 2008-07-15 | archive-date = 2022-01-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220124042758/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org?range=5y | dead-url = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; i yo sungula naswona hi yona leyi kulu ngopfu eka ntirho wo sekela e inthanetini.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html|title=Look Who's Using Wikipedia|first=Bill|last=Tancer|date=2007-05-01|publisher=''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''|accessdate=2007-12-01|quote=The sheer volume of content [...] is partly responsible for the site's dominance as an online reference. When compared to the top 3,200 educational reference sites in the U.S., Wikipedia is #1, capturing 24.3% of all visits to the category|archive-date=2012-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803185245/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html|dead-url=yes}}  ([http://weblogs.hitwise.com/bill-tancer/2007/03/wikipedia_search_and_school_ho.html the author's blog post on the article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325220239/http://weblogs.hitwise.com/bill-tancer/2007/03/wikipedia_search_and_school_ho.html |date=2012-03-25 }})&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;go-to site&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN0819429120070708 |title=Wikipedia remains go-to site for online news |date=2007-07-08 |accessdate=2007-12-16 |first=Alex |last=Woodson |publisher=''[[Reuters]]'' |quote=Online encyclopedia Wikipedia has added about 20 million unique monthly visitors in the past year, making it the top online news and information destination, according to Nielsen//NetRatings.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Commons|Wikipedia}}

&lt;!-- Categories --&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwikis --&gt;

[[Category:Wikipediya|*]]</text>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:125%;&quot; | {{{websitename|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}
|-
{{#if:{{{websitelogo|{{{logo|}}}}}}|
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; {{!}} {{{websitelogo|{{{logo}}}}}}
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{{#ifeq:{{{collapsible|}}}|yes|&lt;!-- then --&gt;
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}}
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|&lt;!-- else --&gt;
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{{!}}-
}}
}}
{{#if:{{{url|}}}|
! [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]]
{{!}} {{{url}}}
{{!}}-
}}
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! [[Xologeni]]
{{!}} {{{slogan}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{alexa|}}}|
! Nkutlunya wa [[Alexa Internet|Alexa]]
{{!}} {{{alexa}}}
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{{#if:{{{commercial|}}}|
! Ku bindzula?
{{!}} {{{commercial}}}
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! Muxaka wa tluka
{{!}} {{{type}}}
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{{#if:{{{reg|{{{registration|}}}}}}|
! Vutsarisi
{{!}} {{{reg|{{{registration}}}}}}
{{!}}-
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! [[Natural language|Tindzimi]] leti ngakona
{{!}} {{{language|}}}
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! Nwini
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! Mali
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! Xiyimo xa sweswi-nyana
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{{!}}-
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      <text bytes="3976" sha1="dc1djoc8ekb6glsqm0dm2imcp7302zr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{template doc page transcluded}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{template doc page viewed directly}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;

==Usage==
{| style=&quot;border: none; background: none;&quot;
|&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox Website
|name           = 
|logo           = 
|screenshot     = 
|caption        = 
|url            = 
|alexa          = 
|commercial     = 
|type           = 
|language       = 
|registration   = 
|owner          = 
|author         = 
|launch date    = 
|current status = 
|revenue        = 
|slogan         =
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
|}

==Parameters==
''Note: Do not link to an article more than once in the infobox. All parameters are optional except '''url''', '''type''', '''owner''', and '''author'''. See also [[WP:WEB]].''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; | Parameter
! style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; | Explanation
|- 
| &lt;code&gt;name&lt;/code&gt;
| The website's most recognised name.
|-
| &lt;code&gt;logo&lt;/code&gt;
| The website logo.
|-
| &lt;code&gt;screenshot&lt;/code&gt;
| A screenshot of the entire homepage, see [[:Image:EnglishWikipediaMainPage3rdAugust2007.PNG|Example 1]]/[[:Image:EBay.png|Example 2]].
|-
| &lt;code&gt;caption&lt;/code&gt;
| Caption saying screenshot of &lt;website&gt; name as of &lt;date&gt;
|-
| &lt;code&gt;url&lt;/code&gt;
| The most used URL of the website, use [[Alexa Internet|Alexa]] to find the most used URL, e.g. [http://www.wikipedia.org/ http://www.wikipedia.org/] ('''required''')
|-
| &lt;code&gt;alexa&lt;/code&gt;
| The website's current [[Alexa Internet|Alexa]] ranking (find on [http://www.alexa.com/ Alexa.com]; make sure to cite Alexa's page for this info)
|-
| &lt;code&gt;type&lt;/code&gt;
| The type of website, search for similar sites for an idea. ('''required''')
|-
| &lt;code&gt;language&lt;/code&gt;
| The language(s) the website is available in
|-
| &lt;code&gt;registration&lt;/code&gt;
| Is there registration, none/optional/required?
|-
| &lt;code&gt;owner&lt;/code&gt;
| The current owner, company name/persons name/alias etc ('''required''')
|-
| &lt;code&gt;author&lt;/code&gt;
| The person or entity that originally created the website ('''required''')
|-
| &lt;code&gt;launch date&lt;/code&gt;
| When the website was launched, consider using the [[WHOIS]] data as a last resort if you are unable to determine the launch date.
|-
| &lt;code&gt;current status&lt;/code&gt;
| Is the site online/offline/sold etc
|-
| &lt;code&gt;revenue&lt;/code&gt;
| The approximate revenue of the site.
|-
| &lt;code&gt;slogan&lt;/code&gt;
| The slogan of the website, e.g. &quot;the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.&quot;
|}

==Example==
{{Infobox Website
|name         = Wikipedia
|logo         = [[Image:Wikipedia-logo.svg|48px|Wikipedia logo.]]
|screenshot   = [[Image:Www.wikipedia screenshot (2021).png|280px|Detail of Wikipedia's multilingual portal. Here, the project's largest language editions are shown.]]
|url          = http://www.wikipedia.org/
|commercial   = No
|location     = [[Miami, Florida]]
|type         = [[Internet encyclopedia project]]
|registration = Optional
|owner        = [[Wikimedia Foundation]]
|author       = [[Jimmy Wales]] and [[Larry Sanger]]
}}
{{-}}
&lt;pre style=&quot;overflow:auto;&quot;&gt;
{{Infobox Website
|name         = Wikipedia
|logo         = [[Image:Wikipedia-logo.svg|48px|Wikipedia logo.]]
|screenshot   = [[Image:Www.wikipedia.org screenshot 2018.png|280px|Detail of Wikipedia's multilingual portal. Here, the project's largest language editions are shown.]]
|url          = http://www.wikipedia.org/
|commercial   = No
|location     = [[Miami, Florida]]
|type         = [[Internet encyclopedia project]]
|registration = Optional
|owner        = [[Wikimedia Foundation]]
|author       = [[Jimmy Wales]] and [[Larry Sanger]]
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

==See also==
*{{tl|Infobox Dotcom company}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
[[Category:Computing infobox templates|Website]]
[[Category:Infobox templates|Website]]
[[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;!-- ADD INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
[[mk:Шаблон:Инфокутија вебсајт]]
[[no:Mal:Infoboks nettsted]]
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| text =
  {{#if:{{{new|{{{2|}}} }}}
  | &lt;!-- New usage (with or without date) 
    --&gt;Xivumbiwa-ntirho lexi {{[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]}} i xokhomela ntsena. Tirhisa {{{new|{{[[Template:{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}]]{{#if:{{{3|}}}
    | &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{3}}}
    }}}} }}} instead.
  | &lt;!-- Old usage (deprecated, being switched) 
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| {{#if:{{{date|}}}
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  }}
| [[Category:Pages using deprecated templates]]
}} }}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
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&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. --&gt;

This is the {{tl|tdeprecated}} template.

'''Note: This template itself is ''not'' deprecated.''' However using it with only one parameter is deprecated, it now takes 2-3 parameters instead. In the display above it gets no parameters, that's why the small text says: &quot;This usage is deprecated.&quot;

{{tl|deprecated template}} redirects here and can be used as an alternative name for this template.

This template notifies users that a given template has been replaced by a different one. This is useful when usage is different (so a redirect won't work) or you'd like to reduce the number of redirects (which makes bot parsing more difficult).

Whenever possible, it should replace the deprecated template's content entirely, so that someone using the template will see the message.

=== Usage ===

: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tdeprecated|old template name|new template name}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tdeprecated|old template name|new template name|date=&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

==== Normal usage ====

Normal usage categorises templates to [[:Category:Deprecated templates]].

&lt;pre&gt;
{{tdeprecated|old|new}}
{{tdeprecated|old|new|parameter}}
{{tdeprecated|old|new|&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;parameter|fuu&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{tdeprecated|old|new|category=}}
{{tdeprecated|old|new|parameter|category=}}
{{tdeprecated|old|new|&lt;nowiki&gt;parameter|fuu&lt;/nowiki&gt;|category=}}

==== With a date ====

Adding the 'date' parameter subcategorises the template to [[:Category:Templates deprecated since {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}]].

&lt;div style=&quot;{{quote style}} font-family:monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{tdeprecated|old|new|date=&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
{{tdeprecated|old|new|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|category=}}

=== Technical details ===

This template changes style depending on what kind of page it is show on. Thus it adheres to the standardised looks for the different pages. For instance if this template becomes visible in an article it looks like this:

{{tdeprecated|demospace=main|old|new|category=}}

=== See also ===

* {{tl|sdeprecated}} – For deprecated shortcuts.
* [[:Category:Deprecated templates]] – The category where this template lists templates it is used on.

&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --&gt;
[[Category:Template namespace templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Redirect templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

[[ar:قالب:قالب مستغنى عنه]]
[[arz:قالب:Tdeprecated]]
[[de:Vorlage:Veraltete Vorlage]]
[[dsb:Pśedłoga:Zestarjona pśedłoga]]
[[en:Template:Deprecated template]]
[[es:Plantilla:Plantilla en desuso]]
[[fa:الگو:الگوی مقبوح]]
[[fr:Modèle:Modèle obsolète]]
[[gd:Teamplaid:Tdeprecated]]
[[hi:साँचा:Tdeprecated]]
[[hsb:Předłoha:Zestarjena předłoha]]
[[it:Template:Template obsoleto]]
[[ka:თარგი:თმოძველდა]]
[[ja:Template:廃止されたテンプレート]]
[[sq:Stampa:Stampa të vjetruar]]
[[km:ទំព័រគំរូ:Tdeprecated]]
[[mk:Шаблон:Tdeprecated]]
[[ms:Templat:Templat dikecam]]
[[nl:Sjabloon:Sjabloon verouderd]]
[[no:Mal:Utdatert mal]]
[[or:ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Tdeprecated]]
[[pt:Predefinição:Pdepreciada]]
[[sd:سانچو:Tdeprecated]]
[[sl:Predloga:Todsvetovana]]
[[sv:Mall:Ersatt mall]]
[[th:แม่แบบ:ยกเลิกการใช้งาน]]
[[tpi:Template:Tdeprecated]]
[[tr:Şablon:Geçersizş]]
[[xmf:თარგი:თმიჯვეშუ]]
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[{{#expr:{{{3}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}]]|[[{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}} {{#expr:{{{3}}}}}]]}} [[{{{1}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}-{{p...</comment>
      <origin>7813</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="377" sha1="66jceei7w1gz5nfbilzkyh0qmck2fnl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[{{#expr:{{{3}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}]]|[[{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}} {{#expr:{{{3}}}}}]]}} [[{{{1}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}-{{padleft:{{MONTHNUMBER|{{{2}}}}}|2|0}}-{{padleft:{{{3}}}|2|0}}&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation|Template:Birth date and age/doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>66jceei7w1gz5nfbilzkyh0qmck2fnl</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Birth date and age/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2513</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36142</id>
      <parentid>36141</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-06-13T04:23:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>1496</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/148.3.14.104|148.3.14.104]] ([[User talk:148.3.14.104|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
      <origin>26167</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4456" sha1="ejgmn4kxhfpqllgnu81gfsmiufot4pg" xml:space="preserve">{{mergefrom|Hcard-bday|Template_talk:Birth_date_and_age#Edit_request}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{template doc page transcluded|Template:Birth date and age}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{template doc page viewed directly}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- 
    PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE
    YOU CAN EDIT THE TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS COMMENT
--&gt;
==Usage==
These templates ('''{{tl|Birth date}}''' and '''{{tl|Birth date and age}}''') return a person’s date of birth and optionally his/her age. The latter also has the shortcut: '''{{tl|Bda}}'''.

Using this template rather than simply inserting the date into articles allows for the inclusion of hidden [[metadata]] about the date. This metadata can be used by web browsers and other software tools to extract the details, and display them using some other website or mapping tool, index or search them.

Syntax:

:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date|year of birth|month of birth|day of birth}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

or

:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date and age|year of birth|month of birth|day of birth}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Bda|year of birth|month of birth|day of birth}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Examples:

:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date|1993|2|4}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; returns &quot;{{Birth date|1993|2|4}}&quot;
:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date|1993|2|04}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; returns &quot;{{Birth date|1993|2|04}}&quot;
:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date|1993|2|24}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; returns &quot;{{Birth date|1993|2|24}}&quot;

:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date and age|1993|2|4}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; returns {{Birth date and age|1993|2|4}}
:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date and age|1993|2|04}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; returns {{Birth date and age|1993|2|04}}
:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date and age|1993|2|24}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; returns {{Birth date and age|1993|2|24}}

===Month First (mf) and Day First (df) Options===

The default output of this template is to display the month before the day. The majority of readers will see the date displayed this way because they aren’t logged in and therefore don't have accounts with a [[help:preferences#Date_format|date preference]] set. This default may not be appropriate articles about people from parts of the world where the day precedes the month in a date. In such articles the optional parameter, &quot;df&quot;, can be set (to &quot;y&quot; or &quot;yes&quot; for example) to display the day before the month. Conversely the parameter &quot;mf&quot; can be set for month first, currently the default behaviour.

Examples:

:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date | 1993 | 2 | 24 | df=yes }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; displays &lt;!-- Don't remove &quot;24_February|&quot; from this example --&gt; &quot;[[24_February|24 February]] [[1993]]&quot; to readers without a date preference.

:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Birth date and age | 1993 | 2 | 24 | df=yes }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; displays &lt;!-- Don't remove &quot;24_February|&quot; from this example --&gt; &quot;[[24_February|24 February]] [[1993]] (age {{Age|1993|2|24}})&quot; to readers without a date preference.

===hCard microformat===

The templates also return the date, hidden by CSS, in the [[ISO 8601]] format needed by [[HCard|hCard microformat]]s. for example:

:&lt;nowiki&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1993-02-24&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/nowiki&gt;

See [[WP:UF|the microformats project]] for details.

===Notes===

When only the year of a person's birth and/or death are known, or if it is desired not to state a person's full dates of birth and death for privacy reasons, use the templates {{tl|Birth year and age}} and {{tl|Death year and age}} instead.

'''Note:''' The template will appear broken when the parameters are left blank (as seen above).

'''Note:''' Do not use this template inside of the [[WP:PERSONDATA|Persondata]] template as it can interfere with data extraction.

==See also==
*[[Wikipedia:Age calculation templates]]
*{{tl|BirthDeathAge}} &amp;ndash; carries out the functions of this template and all the following ones
*{{tl|Birth date and age}} &amp;ndash; same as {{tl|Birth date}}, except that &quot;(age ##)&quot; appears after the birth date
*{{tl|Birth year and age}} &amp;ndash; year of birth and approximate age
*{{tl|Death date}}
*{{tl|Death date and age}} &amp;ndash; same as {{tl|Death date}}, except that &quot;(aged ##)&quot; appears after the death date
*{{tl|Death year and age}} &amp;ndash; year of death and approximate age at death

&lt;includeonly&gt;

&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, THANKS. --&gt;

[[Category:Date mathematics templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE, THANKS. --&gt;
[[eo:Ŝablono:Naskiĝtago kaj aĝo]]
[[ko:틀:출생일과 만나이]]
[[no:Mal:Fødselsdato og alder]]
[[pt:Predefinição:Dni]]
[[ro:Format:Birth date and age]]
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ejgmn4kxhfpqllgnu81gfsmiufot4pg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Birth date and age</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2514</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7816</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T10:55:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[{{#expr:{{{3|{{{day|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{2|{{{month|{{{2}}}}}}}}}}}]]|[[{{MONTHNAME|{{{2|{{{month|{{{2}}}}}}}}}}} {{#expr:{{{3|{{{day|{{{3}}}}}}}}}...</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="594" sha1="i2sy60eto5z3b4bki7cgto4hns7nl21" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[{{#expr:{{{3|{{{day|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{2|{{{month|{{{2}}}}}}}}}}}]]|[[{{MONTHNAME|{{{2|{{{month|{{{2}}}}}}}}}}} {{#expr:{{{3|{{{day|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}}]]}} [[{{{1|{{{year|{{{1}}}}}}}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;{{{1|{{{year|}}}}}}-{{padleft:{{{2|{{{month|}}}}}}|2|0}}-{{padleft:{{{3|{{{day|{{{3}}}}}}}}}|2|0}}&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;{{age | {{{1|{{{year|{{{1}}}}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{month|{{{2}}}}}}}}} | {{{3|{{{day|{{{3}}}}}}}}} }})&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i2sy60eto5z3b4bki7cgto4hns7nl21</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:MONTHNAME</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2515</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7817</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T10:59:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{MONTHNUMBER|{{{1}}}}}|1=January|2=February|3=March|4=April|5=May|6=June|7=July|8=August|9=September|10=October|11=November|12=December|Incorrect req...</comment>
      <origin>7817</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="413" sha1="deotn1uur75fssto74wpcem1fhb2u68" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{MONTHNUMBER|{{{1}}}}}|1=January|2=February|3=March|4=April|5=May|6=June|7=July|8=August|9=September|10=October|11=November|12=December|Incorrect required parameter 1=''month''!}}|Missing required parameter 1=''month''!}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>deotn1uur75fssto74wpcem1fhb2u68</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Age</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2516</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7818</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T11:04:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;{{#expr:({{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}})-({{{1}}})-(({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})&lt;({{{2}}})or({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})=({{{2}}})and({{{6|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}})&lt;({{{3}}}))}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;n...</comment>
      <origin>7818</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="253" sha1="349i4zqur447e6554zo7lz7kt94dqw0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#expr:({{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}})-({{{1}}})-(({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})&lt;({{{2}}})or({{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}})=({{{2}}})and({{{6|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}})&lt;({{{3}}}))}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{template doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>349i4zqur447e6554zo7lz7kt94dqw0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:MONTHNUMBER</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2517</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7819</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T11:06:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}}|january|jan=1|february|feb=2|march|mar=3|apr|april=4|may=5|june|jun=6|july|jul=7|august|aug=8|september|sep=9|october|oct=10|november|n...</comment>
      <origin>7819</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="607" sha1="adjk5wnbmmdi7mwdd5u58uisu9ri7uk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}}|january|jan=1|february|feb=2|march|mar=3|apr|april=4|may=5|june|jun=6|july|jul=7|august|aug=8|september|sep=9|october|oct=10|november|nov=11|december|dec=12|{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}&lt;0|{{#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})round 0)!=({{{1}}})|{{#expr:12-(((0.5-({{{1}}}))round 0)mod 12)}}|{{#expr:12-(((11.5-({{{1}}}))round 0)mod 12)}}}}|{{#expr:(((10.5+{{{1}}})round 0)mod 12)+1}}}}}}|Missing required parameter 1=''month''!}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>adjk5wnbmmdi7mwdd5u58uisu9ri7uk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Reflist</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2518</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29201</id>
      <parentid>28907</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-06-26T22:40:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29201</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="386" sha1="e1dl69pckiupuahwh7vk736xypuq6bj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot; {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}}| style=&quot;-moz-column-width:{{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width:{{{colwidth}}}; column-width:{{{colwidth}}};&quot; | {{#if: {{{1|}}}| style=&quot;-moz-column-count:{{{1}}}; -webkit-column-count:{{{1}}}; column-count:{{{1}}};&quot; }} }}&gt;
{{#tag:references||group={{{group|}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e1dl69pckiupuahwh7vk736xypuq6bj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite web</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2519</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26664</id>
      <parentid>7830</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:16:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From [[:en:Template:Cite web]]</comment>
      <origin>26664</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="122" sha1="rcgmbcxu7hvs583g1f3rzz4c4dkizda" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rcgmbcxu7hvs583g1f3rzz4c4dkizda</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite news</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2520</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26666</id>
      <parentid>7831</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:17:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From [[:en:Template:Cite news]]</comment>
      <origin>26666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="123" sha1="pbjnspfej5gxihr9izxrzkow3f1uf3i" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=news
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pbjnspfej5gxihr9izxrzkow3f1uf3i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite news/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2521</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25911</id>
      <parentid>7832</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-17T13:25:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MerlIwBot</username>
        <id>1813</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Robot: Removing [[pl:Szablon:Cytuj news]] (deleted)</comment>
      <origin>25911</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10205" sha1="ci4ts47z7am0q0iqtqmbefcww0nihv6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{template doc page transcluded}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{template doc page viewed directly}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;
{{mergewith|Citation|template_talk:Citation#Proposal to merge redundant citation templates}}
This template is used to [[WP:CITE|cite sources]] in Wikipedia. It is specifically for news sources.

== Usage ==

All parameter names '''''must''''' be [[lowercase]].

Copy a blank version to use. Remember to use the &quot;|&quot; (pipe) character between each field.  Please delete any unused fields to avoid clutter in the edit window.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;6&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Full version (copy and paste text below and delete parameters you don't need)
|- width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | 
:&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Courier; &quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title= |url= |format= |work= |publisher= |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date= |accessdate=&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTYEAR}}-{{CURRENTMONTH}}-{{CURRENTDAY2}}&lt;nowiki&gt; |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|- width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Most commonly used fields (or you can use this and not have to delete as much)&lt;br/&gt;(This assumes English, HTML format, with today as access date) 
|- width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | 
:&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Courier; &quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= |url= |work= |publisher= |date= |accessdate=&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTYEAR}}-{{CURRENTMONTH}}-{{CURRENTDAY2}}&lt;nowiki&gt; }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|}

;All parameters, vertical format
&lt;pre&gt;
{{cite news
 | first = 
 | last = 
 | authorlink = 
 | author = 
 | coauthors = 
 | title = 
 | url = 
 | format = 
 | work = 
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | id = 
 | pages = 
 | page = 
 | date = 
 | accessdate = 
 | language = 
 | quote = 
 | archiveurl = 
 | archivedate = 
 }}
&lt;/pre&gt;

*'''title''' is required, rest is optional. Note that title must be on one line in order for the hyperlink to display properly. Do not enclose it in quotations marks, italics or other formatting, though it may be wikilinked.
* '''author''': Author.
** '''last''' works with '''first''' to produce &lt;code&gt;last, first&lt;/code&gt;
** '''authorlink''' works either with '''author''' or with '''last''' &amp; '''first''' to link to the appropriate Wikipedia article. Does not work with URLs.
** '''coauthors''': Allows additional authors.
* '''url''': Link to the news item if available online (note this is not for a link to the main web page of the work of publisher, but only to a copy of the item specified in &quot;title&quot;). Start the url with the communications protocol e.g. http://.
** '''format''': Format, e.g. PDF. Don't specify for HTML (implied as default).
**: Specify as'' 'fee required' ''if free access is no longer available.
**: Specify as'' 'Reprint' ''if you use a full original version but not hosted by the original publisher.
* '''work''': The publication that ran the item, e.g. Newsweek. Can also be used for the name of a column or subpart of an issue. Do not italicize.
* '''publisher''': The company or organization that publishes the news source.
** '''location''': Place of the news source, e.g. Toronto for [[The Globe and Mail]].

*'''id''': Identifier such as {{tlx|ISSN|0028–0836}} — remember, if you use this parameter, you '''must''' specify the kind of identifier, not just give a number.
* '''date''': Date of publication. Use the same format as the main text of the article. If the [[ISO 8601]] YYYY-MM-DD format is used it will be automatically [[m:Help:Preferences#Date format|wikilinked]]  to enable [[Special:Preferences#prefsection-4|date user preferences]] if used. If the whole date is known and another date format is used, it should be wikilinked (e.g., &lt;nowiki&gt;date=[[3 December]] [[2007]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;). (Note: for dates earlier than January 2, 1970, ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD automatic wikilinking will not work; you will have to find a workaround that maintains consistent dating throughout the article).
* '''page''' or '''pages''': The page(s) on which the article is found. '''page''' inserts the abbreviation &quot;p.&quot; before the number; '''pages''' inserts &quot;pp.&quot; Use only one of these parameters. If numbers are entered for both, '''pages''' overrides '''page'''.
* '''accessdate''': Date when item was accessed, in [[ISO 8601]] YYYY-MM-DD format e.g. ''2006-02-17''.  Must not be wikilinked; it will be linked automatically. This field does not support American/International dates (they will display incorrectly as redlinks if used).
* '''language''': The language in which the source is written. If English (the default) do not use this parameter.
* '''quote''': Relevant quotation.
*'''archiveurl''': URL of the archive location of the item (requires '''archivedate''', '''title''', and '''url'''); this is for archives such as those at internetarchive.org; for back-issues and the like that are on file at the publisher's site, use the &quot;url&quot; parameter.
*'''archivedate''': Date when the item was archived (requires '''archiveurl''', '''title''', and '''url'''), in [[ISO 8601]] YYYY-MM-DD format, e.g. ''2006-02-17''. Must not be wikilinked; it will be linked automatically. This field does not support American/International dates (they will display incorrectly as redlinks if used).

== Examples ==
; Using first and last to identify the author, and id to supply the ISSN
*&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news
| first=John
| last=Doe
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/
| work=Encyclopedia of Things
| publisher=News co.
| pages= 37&amp;ndash;39
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| id={{ISSN|0028–0836}}
| accessdate=2005-12-11
}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;→ {{
cite news
| first=John
| last=Doe
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/
| work=Encyclopedia of Things
| publisher=News co.
| pages= 37&amp;ndash;39
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| id={{ISSN|0028–0836}}
| accessdate=2005-12-11
}}&lt;/div&gt;

; Using author instead of first and last
*&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news
| author=Staff writer
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/News.pdf
| format=PDF
| publisher=News co.
| pages= 37&amp;ndash;39
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;→ {{
cite news
| author=Staff writer
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/News.pdf
| format=PDF
| publisher=News co.
| pages= 37&amp;ndash;39
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
}}&lt;/div&gt;

; Using authorlink to link to the author's article
*&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news
| first=John
| last=Doe
| authorlink=John Doe
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/background
| format=Reprint
| publisher=News co.
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;→ {{
cite news
| first=John
| last=Doe
| authorlink=John Doe
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/background
| format=Reprint
| publisher=News co.
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
}}&lt;/div&gt;

; Using format
*&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/Archive/News
| format=Fee required
| publisher=News co.
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;→ {{
cite news
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/Archive/News
| format=Fee required
| publisher=News co.
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
}}&lt;/div&gt;

; Using page to identify the reference by page
*&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news
| first=John
| last=Doe
| title=FooBar
| page=1
}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;→ {{
cite news
| first=John
| last=Doe
| title=FooBar
| page=1
}}&lt;/div&gt;

; A very simple citation
*&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news
| title=FooBar
| page=1
}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;→ {{
cite news
| title=FooBar
| page=1
}}&lt;/div&gt;

;Using archiveurl and archivedate to refer to items that went away but are available from an archive site
*&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news
| author=Staff writer
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/News.pdf
| format=PDF
| publisher=News co.
| pages= 37&amp;ndash;39
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070628082911/http://www.example.org/News.pdf
| archivedate=2007-06-28
}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;→ {{
cite news
| author=Staff writer
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/News.pdf
| format=PDF
| publisher=News co.
| pages= 37&amp;ndash;39
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070628082911/http://www.example.org/News.pdf
| archivedate=2007-06-28
}}&lt;/div&gt;

;Omitting archivedate in error
*&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite news
| author=Staff writer
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/News.pdf
| format=PDF
| publisher=News co.
| pages= 37&amp;ndash;39
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070628082911/http://www.example.org/News.pdf
}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;→&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| author=Staff writer
| title=News
| url=http://www.example.org/News.pdf
| format=PDF
| publisher=News co.
| pages= 37&amp;ndash;39
| date=[[2005-11-21]]
| accessdate=2005-12-11
| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070628082911/http://www.example.org/News.pdf
}}&lt;/div&gt;

==COinS==
{{UF-COinS}}

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:Cite sources]]: Style guide
* [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Generic citations]]: Related templates
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Wikicite]]
* [[Template:Cite web]]
* [[Template:Cite book]]

__NOEDITSECTION__
{{esoteric}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Category:Citation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]]

[[bg:Шаблон:Cite news]]
[[cs:Šablona:Citace novin]]
[[de:Vorlage:Cite news]]
[[el:Πρότυπο:Cite news]]
[[es:Plantilla:Cita noticia]]
[[hr:Predložak:Cite news]]
[[gl:Modelo:Cita Novas]]
[[ia:Patrono:Cite news]]
[[it:Template:Cite news]]
[[ko:틀:뉴스 인용]]
[[ms:Templat:Cite news]]
[[ja:Template:Cite news]]
[[no:Mal:Cite news]]
[[pt:Predefinição:Citar notícia]]
[[sk:Šablóna:Cite news]]
[[sl:Predloga:Navedi novice]]
[[sv:Mall:Tidningsref]]
[[th:แม่แบบ:Cite news]]
[[vi:Tiêu bản:Chú thích báo]]
[[zh:Template:Cite news]]
[[zh-yue:Template:引新聞]]
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ci4ts47z7am0q0iqtqmbefcww0nihv6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite news/doc/parameterlist</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2522</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7833</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T11:44:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;pre style=&quot;border:none; display:table;&quot;&gt; {{cite news  | first =   | last =   | authorlink =   | author =   | coauthors =   | title =   | url =   | format =   | work =   | publisher =   | ...</comment>
      <origin>7833</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="317" sha1="000qy8kd5bx81ric2on5v08aj79t2t1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;pre style=&quot;border:none; display:table;&quot;&gt;
{{cite news
 | first = 
 | last = 
 | authorlink = 
 | author = 
 | coauthors = 
 | title = 
 | url = 
 | format = 
 | work = 
 | publisher = 
 | id = 
 | pages = 
 | page = 
 | date = 
 | accessdate = 
 | language = 
 | quote = 
 | archiveurl = 
 | archivedate = 
 }}
&lt;/pre&gt;</text>
      <sha1>000qy8kd5bx81ric2on5v08aj79t2t1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Encyclopediya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2523</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36205</id>
      <parentid>30503</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-08-05T01:49:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8</comment>
      <origin>36205</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1674" sha1="q933uuer2czs0pdokpf408xp7bsln97" xml:space="preserve">{{Translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia}}
[[File:Brockhaus Lexikon.jpg|thumb|Brockhaus Konversations-Lexicon, 1902]]
'''Encyclopediya''' i nghula leyi heleleke ya matsalwa kumbe vuxoko-xoko bya marhavi hinkwawo ya vutivi kumbe vutivi byo krhi lebyi kongomeke. Ti Encyclopediya ti hambanisiwe hi [[Encyclopedia article|matsalwa]] laha kunga ni tsalwa rinwe eka mhaka yinwana na yinwana. Matsalwa lame nge ndzeni ka encyclopediya ma kumeka hi kulandzelelana ka marito, naswona ma kumeka eka buku yinwe kumbe ku tlula, hikuya hi leswi angarhiweke emhakeni yeleyo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070803182506/http://library.rcc.edu/riverside/glossaryoflibraryterms.htm#e &quot;Encyclopedia.&quot;] Glossary of Library Terms. Riverside City College, Digital Library/Learning Resource Center. Retrieved on: [[November 17]], [[2007]].&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{cquote|Entiyisweni, xikongomelo xa encyclopediya i ku hlengeleta vutivi lebyi hangalakeke emisaveni hinkwayo; ku yisi e mahlweni ndlela yo endla swilo eka vanhu lava hi hanyaka na vona, naswona yi siyeriwa lava ngata hi landzela, leswaku ntirho lowu endliweke e malambeni laya hundzeke wu va wa nkoka eka malembe laya ngata landzela; leswaku switukulwana swa hina swi dyondzeka ku antswa, swi engetela eka ntsako wa vona, na leswaku hi nga fi hi nga endlanga nhluvuko eka rixaka ra vanhu.—[[Denis Diderot|Diderot]]&lt;ref&gt;Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=did;cc=did;idno=did2222.0000.004;rgn=main;view=text ''Encyclopédie.'']  University of Michigan Library:Scholarly Publishing Office and DLXS. Retrieved on: [[November 17]], [[2007]]&lt;/ref&gt;}}
== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|2}}</text>
      <sha1>q933uuer2czs0pdokpf408xp7bsln97</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Introduction</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2524</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7948</id>
      <parentid>7850</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T09:10:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7948</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80" sha1="424a62njxjbqivrc1kuhs9x99lplrux" xml:space="preserve">{{Unga khumbi laha}}
&lt;!-- Titwe u tshuxekile ku tsala e hansi ka ntila lowu. --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>424a62njxjbqivrc1kuhs9x99lplrux</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unga khumbi laha</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2525</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7947</id>
      <parentid>7946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T09:09:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7947</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5208" sha1="k9tftzf9zovl67faa88n3af7fxjiqo0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-semi-template|small=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;This template is used in [[Wikipedia:Introduction]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

PLEASE DO NOT list this template for deletion, or make other changes, without reading the talk page, discussing your proposed change, and understanding how the templates and the Introduction pages work together

--&gt;{{Help contents back}}{{Unga khumbi laha/Header}}
&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid #A3B1BF;padding:.5em 1em 1em 1em;border-top:none;background-color:#fff;color:#000&quot;&gt;

Xana wa xivona xikombo lexinge &quot;'''lulamisa'''&quot; ehenhla ka tluka ra wikipediya leyi? , Unga sungula ku '''lulamisa matluka sweswi''', hambi unga pfulanga unghena laha wikipediyeni.

'''&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-large&quot;&gt;Wikipediya i yini?&lt;/span&gt;'''
[[Image:Edit-this-page-large.png|right|thlava '''lulamisa''' leswaku u lulamisa kumbe ku engetela eka tluka]]

Wikipediya i [[encyclopediya]] leyi tsariweke hi [[Collaborative writing|hlanganyeriwa]] hi [[Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia|vahlayi va yona]]. I tluka ro hlawuleka ra inthaneti, leri vuriwaka [[wiki]], leri olovisaka ku hlanganyela ko tsala matluka eka inthaneti. Vanhu votala va karhi va antwsisa wikipediya, hiku endla mindzulamiso yo tala hi awara yinwana na yinwana, mindzulamiso leyi tsariweke yi hlayisiwa eka [[Help:Page history|matimu ya matluka]] na le ka [[Wikipedia:Recent Changes|kucinca ka sweswinyana]]. Mundzulamiso leyi hoxeke hakanyingi ya suriwa hixihatla, naswona vadyohi lava hambetaka va pfaleriwa ku nghena laha eka wikipediya no [[WP:BLOCK|endla mindzulamiso]]. Loko u tsala mhaka yokarhi eka wikipediya leyi, [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|nyikela nkongomiso wa nthsaho]] wo sekela mhaka yaleyo.  [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|Timhka leti pfumalaka minthsaho ta suriwa eka wikipediya]].

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; background-color:#f5faff; padding: .2em .6em; border: 1px solid #cee0f2;&quot;&gt;'''Dyondza leswi engetelekeke hi [[Wikipedia:About|ta phurojeki leyi]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Xana ndzinga pfunisa kuyini?'''&lt;/big&gt;
'''Unga chavi ku lulamisa matluka''' &amp;mdash; ''unwana na unwana'' anga lulamisa tluka rihi na rihi, naswona haku bumabumela leswaku '''[[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|U tiya mbilu]]'''! lava matluka lama lavaka ku hlakarherisiwa, kumbe ku peletiwa u ma antwsisa.

Aswi koteki leswaku u thsova Wikipediya. Xinwana na xinwana xi ololoxeka no lunghisiwa endhzaku. Waha yimele yini?, sungula ku lulamisa matluka leswaku u pfuna ku endla wikipediya, xihlovo xa vutivi hi ririmi ra hina lexi enteke no tsakisa swonghasi eka inthaneti!

&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%&quot;&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''Endla ndzulamiso wa wena wo sungula sweswi:'''&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&amp;action=edit Thlava laha]'''&lt;/span&gt; leswaka u endla ndzulamiso eka bokisi ra sava, ndzhawu yo ringeta mindzulamiso. ( Loko uka kutsariwile eka tluka rero, engetela e hansi ka marito walawo.)
# Tsala marito/ntila wokarhi.
# Tsundzuka leswaku, hambileswi wikipediya yinga encyclopediya ya mahala, a hi [[WP:FORUM|khefi ya mabulo]]!, nhlambha, kumbe [[WP:NPA|kuhlasela munhu hi marito]] aswi nge tiyiseriwi laha.
# [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|Sayina]] minyikelo na mindzulamiso ya wena loko uri eka [[Wikipedia:Talk page|matluka ya mbulavulo]] hi ku tsala leswi (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;) kumbe hiku thlava xi faniso lexi. [[Image:Signature_icon.png]] leswi swi ta tsala vito ra vutirhisi ra wena na siku leri u endleka ndzulamiso wolowo hi rona.
# Thlava eka  '''Komba ku cinca''' leswaku u ringeta ku cinca loku uku endlake, kumbe '''Hlayisa tluka''' loko u tsakela leswi u swi tsaleke.
&lt;!-- not necessary since add section doesn't show the header: #Please do not remove the header message (it's the stuff in &lt;nowiki&gt;{{ }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; marks) --&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cee0f2; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #A3B1BF;&quot;&gt;Leswi landzelaka: [[Wikipedia:Introduction 2|'''dyondza leswi engetelekeke hi ku lulamisa''']] &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
__NOTOC__
&lt;includeonly&gt;[[:Category:Wikipedia basic information|Introduction]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;
[[bg:Уикипедия:Въведение]]
[[bs:Wikipedia:Uvod]]
[[ca:Viquipèdia:Introducció]]
[[da:Hjælp:Velkommen nybegynder]]
[[es:Ayuda:Introducción]]
[[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:آشنایی]]
[[fr:Aide:Premiers pas]]
[[ga:Vicipéid:Réamhrá]]
[[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:Introduction]]
[[he:ויקיפדיה:שער לחדשים]]
[[id:Wikipedia:Pengantar]]
[[is:Wikipedia:Kynning]]
[[ja:Wikipedia:ウィキペディアへようこそ]]
[[ka:ვიკიპედია:შესავალი]]
[[nl:Wikipedia:Introductie]]
[[no:Wikipedia:Introduksjon]]
[[pl:Wikipedia:Wstęp]]
[[pt:Wikipedia:Introdução]]
[[sr:Википедија:Добродошли]]
[[su:Wikipédia:Pangwanoh]]
[[th:วิกิพีเดีย:เริ่มต้น]]
[[tr:Vikipedi:Hoş geldiniz]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:概述]]&lt;!-- 


'''&lt;big&gt;Test edits&lt;/big&gt;'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt; --&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Wikipedia namespace templates]]
&lt;!--Used to populate [[Wikipedia:Introduction]]--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k9tftzf9zovl67faa88n3af7fxjiqo0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unga khumbi laha/Header</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2526</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7840</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T15:02:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop}} {{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1|[[Wikipedia:Introduction|Xingheniso]]}} {{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction 2|dyondza&amp;nbsp;leswi&amp;nbsp;en...</comment>
      <origin>7840</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="419" sha1="3htbrkf6i9zk483gm6zxfhz8zaatfw3" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1|[[Wikipedia:Introduction|Xingheniso]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction 2|dyondza&amp;nbsp;leswi&amp;nbsp;engetelekeke&amp;nbsp;hi ku lulamisa]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction 3|Hlahluva&amp;nbsp;Wikipediya]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab3|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Vuleteri byo koma]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsBottom}}</text>
      <sha1>3htbrkf6i9zk483gm6zxfhz8zaatfw3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2527</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7841</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T15:03:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: __NOTOC__  {| style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto; background:transparent;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; |&lt;noinclude&gt; &lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt; ==Usage== To create a set of ...</comment>
      <origin>7841</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="620" sha1="1ydub0uv2vmatrs5pttzk83edcgfmc8" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
{| style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto; background:transparent;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; |&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these five elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab3]]|Other page name}} (use for flush-right other page name only)&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsBottom]]}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1ydub0uv2vmatrs5pttzk83edcgfmc8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsBottom</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2528</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7842</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T15:04:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;|}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; &lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt; ==Usage== To create a set of tabs, use these five elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for t...</comment>
      <origin>7842</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="519" sha1="76m5cb9v6wk1sr8zkbzx1pu6lbt4clo" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;|}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these five elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab3]]|Other page name}} (use for flush-right other page name only)&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsBottom]]}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>76m5cb9v6wk1sr8zkbzx1pu6lbt4clo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab3</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2529</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7843</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T15:05:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;| style=&quot;padding:0.3em; font-size:90%; background-color:#CEE0F2; border:solid 2px #A3B1BF; text-align:center&quot; width=&quot;23.5%&quot; | {{{1|Tab 2}}} &lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; &lt;br clear...</comment>
      <origin>7843</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="657" sha1="58znmp8wecorbk1fgw368xprb654sw9" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;| style=&quot;padding:0.3em; font-size:90%; background-color:#CEE0F2; border:solid 2px #A3B1BF; text-align:center&quot; width=&quot;23.5%&quot; | {{{1|Tab 2}}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these five elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab3]]|Other page name}} (use for flush-right other page name only)&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsBottom]]}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2530</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7844</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T15:05:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;| style=&quot;padding:0 .3em; background-color:#CEE0F2; font-size:90%; border:solid 2px #A3B1BF; text-align:center&quot; width=&quot;23.5%&quot; | {{{1|Tab 2}}} | style=&quot;border-bottom:2px solid #...</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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| style=&quot;border-bottom:2px solid #A3B1BF&quot; width=&quot;2%&quot; | &amp;nbsp;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these five elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab3]]|Other page name}} (use for flush-right other page name only)&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsBottom]]}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2531</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7845</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T15:06:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;| style=&quot;padding:0 .3em; background-color:white; border:solid 2px #A3B1BF; border-bottom: 0; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot; width=&quot;23.5%&quot; | {{{1|Tab 1}}} | style=&quot;borde...</comment>
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| style=&quot;border-bottom:2px solid #A3B1BF&quot; width=&quot;2%&quot; | &amp;nbsp;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these five elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab3]]|Other page name}} (use for flush-right other page name only)&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsBottom]]}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Help contents back</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2532</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26164</id>
      <parentid>25562</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:32:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6477348]]</comment>
      <origin>26164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="330" sha1="naaaeazd91si32urunmrdp0uk4f56d6" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;background:transparent&quot;
|
&lt;imagemap&gt;
 Image:1leftarrow.png|16px|Help:Contents
 rect 0 0 1000 1000 [[Help:Contents|Leswi nga ndzeni ka tluka ra mpfuno]]
 desc none
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;[[Help:Contents|Leswi nga ndzeni ka tluka ra mpfuno]]&lt;/big&gt;
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia help templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Introduction 2</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2533</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7949</id>
      <parentid>7851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T09:12:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <origin>7949</origin>
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      <text bytes="26" sha1="q4fycyt4za4d0xw3lgtgccy82zh0s6q" xml:space="preserve">{{Unga khumbi tluka leri}}</text>
      <sha1>q4fycyt4za4d0xw3lgtgccy82zh0s6q</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unga khumbi tluka leri</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27427</id>
      <parentid>26182</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-05T22:37:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 4 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5896183]]</comment>
      <origin>27427</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2584" sha1="6g273x0ts8xaz36g38fou5p1h8231tm" xml:space="preserve">{{Help contents back}}{{Unga khumbi tluka leri/Header}}&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid #A3B1BF; padding:.5em 1em 1em 1em;border-top:none;background-color:#fff;color:#000&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:1ex; &quot;&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;float: left; width: 50%; padding-bottom: 1em; border-right: 1px solid #c0c0c0;&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div style=&quot;float: right; padding-right: 8%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-size:100%;margin:0;&quot;&gt;Engetela eka tluka leri nga kona hi khale...&lt;/h3&gt;
* Dyondza leswi engetelekeke hi ku '''[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|lulamisa matluka]]'''
* '''[[Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page#Headings|hlela no peleta]]''' kutsala ka wena
* '''[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page#Images|khandziyisa swifaniso na mipfumawulo]]''' eka matluka ya timhaka
* '''[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page#Links and URLs|thlavinyeta]]''' ti mhaka leti nga eka ti wikipediya tinwana na matluka yale ka inthaneti
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;float: left; width: 44%; margin-left: 4.5%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-size: 100%; margin: 0;&quot;&gt;Tsala tluka ra mhaka yinthswa...&lt;/h3&gt;
* Hlaya hindlela yo tsala '''[[Wikipedia:Your first article|tluka ra wena ro sungula]]'''
* Sungula '''[[Wikipedia:Most wanted articles|tluka leri lavekaka]]'''
* ...kumbe u ringeta '''[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|ntsindza wa muganga]]''' wa hina leswaku u kuma vuxokoxoko
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div style=&quot;width: 17em; margin: 0 auto; clear: both; white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-size:100%;margin:0;&quot;&gt;Kuma leswi engetelekeke...&lt;/h3&gt;
*Vona '''[[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|tindlela to tsemelela]]''' ta swikombiso swa vuhleri byo olova bya matluka
*Antwsisa vululamisi bya wena hi ku ringetela eka '''[[Wikipedia:Sandbox|Bokisi ra sava]]'''
*Tsumbula '''[[Wikipedia:Five pillars|minsinya ya nthlanu]]''' leyi hlamuselaka matikhomela eka wikipediya
*Hlaya hi leswi wikipediya '''[[Wikipedia:About|yingaswona]]''' na leswi wikipediya '''[[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|yinga riki swona]]'''.
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cee0f2; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #a3b1bf;&quot;&gt; Leswi landzelaka: [[Wikipedia:Introduction 3|'''Hlahluva Wikipediya''']] &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

[[ca:Viquipèdia:Introducció II]]
[[mk:Википедија:Вовед 2]]
&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Wikipedia namespace templates]]
&lt;!--Used to populate [[Wikipedia:Introduction 2]]--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6g273x0ts8xaz36g38fou5p1h8231tm</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Unga khumbi tluka leri/Header</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2535</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7855</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T15:23:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop}} {{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction|Xingheniso]]}} {{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1|[[Wikipedia:Introduction 2|dyondza&amp;nbsp;leswi&amp;nbsp;en...</comment>
      <origin>7855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="419" sha1="czz36p9uqmng5o9pkg0xc33slgx2ojm" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction|Xingheniso]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1|[[Wikipedia:Introduction 2|dyondza&amp;nbsp;leswi&amp;nbsp;engetelekeke&amp;nbsp;hi ku lulamisa]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction 3|Hlahluva&amp;nbsp;Wikipediya]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab3|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Vuleteri byo koma]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsBottom}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Introduction 3</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2536</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7952</id>
      <parentid>7860</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T09:26:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7952</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="azt06ni39nsn34brevs69mczq8iaouv" xml:space="preserve">{{unga lulamisi tluka leri}}</text>
      <sha1>azt06ni39nsn34brevs69mczq8iaouv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unga lulamisi tluka leri</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2537</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7953</id>
      <parentid>7857</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-20T09:40:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <origin>7953</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3142" sha1="q8092n1gqok9455n3u6bhzi75x8t52j" xml:space="preserve">{{Help contents back}}{{Unga lulamisi tluka leri/Header}}&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid #A3B1BF; padding:.5em 1em 1em 1em;border-top:none;background-color:#fff;color:#000&quot;&gt;
 &lt;div style=&quot;padding:1ex; &quot;&gt;
  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;padding-bottom:1em&quot;&gt;
   &lt;div style=&quot;margin:1em auto;width:70%&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-size:125%;margin:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;Ungasi hundzela emahlweni, unga ha lava ku '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&amp;type=signup tumbuluxa vito ravutirhisi ra wena nwini]'''.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin:0&quot;&gt;U thsunxekile ku lulamisa mtluka enga tsarisangi, kumbe [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|unga ha vuyeriwa hi ku titsarisa]].&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style=&quot;float:left; width:50%; padding-bottom:1em; border-right:1px solid #A3B1BF;&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div style=&quot;float:right; padding-right:8%; &quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-size:100%; margin:0; &quot;&gt;Hlahluva Wikipediya...&lt;/h3&gt;
* '''[[Wikipedia:Searching|Lava]]''' mhaka yo karhi, ivi u engetela vutivi bya wena
* '''[[Wikipedia:Contents|Lavanga]]''' laha Wikipediyeni
* Vona '''[[Portal:List of portals|minyangwa-nkulu]]''' leyi kongomeke hi mhaka yo karhi
* Kuma '''[[Special:Random|tluka roka ungari hleketangi]]'''
    &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style=&quot;float: left; width: 44%; margin-left: 4.5%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-size: 100%; margin: 0;&quot;&gt;Vani unwana wa muganga lowu...&lt;/h3&gt;
* Hlaya hi '''[[Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia|lava tsalaka Wikipediya leyi]]'''
* Kuma '''[[Wikipedia:Goings-on|leswi endlekaka]]''' laha tikweni ra Wikipediya
* Vana emahlweni hi '''[[Wikipedia:News|mahungu]]''' ya sweswi-nyana
* Kumbe uringeta '''[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|ntsindza wa muganga]]''' wa hina kukuma tindlela tinwana
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div style=&quot;width:17em; margin:0 auto; clear:both; white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-size:100%; margin:0; &quot;&gt;Kuma leswi engetelekeke...&lt;/h3&gt;
*'''[[Wikipedia:FAQ|swivutiso leswi tolovelekeke]]'''
*Kuma leswi engetelekeke hi '''[[Wikipediya]]'''
    &lt;/div&gt;
''Leswaku ukuma mpfuno lowu engetelekeke, vona [[Help:Contents|Nxaxamelo wa mimpfuno]] kumbe [[Wikipedia:Where to ask a question|Laha unga vutisaka kona xivutiso]]''
   &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cedff2; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #B8C7D9;&quot;&gt; Ringeta [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|'''vuleteri byo koma''']] &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[bg:Уикипедия:Въведение 3]]
[[es:Wikipedia:Introducción 3]]
[[ga:Réamhrá 3]]
[[is:Wikipedia:Kynning 3]]
[[mk:Википедија:Вовед 3]]
[[nl:Wikipedia:Introductie 3]]
[[no:Wikipedia:Introduksjon 3]]
[[sl:Wikipedija:Uvod 3]]
[[sr:Википедија:Добродошли 3]]
[[th:วิกิพีเดีย:เริ่มต้น 3]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:概述3]]
[[he:ויקיפדיה:שוטטו בוויקיפדיה]]
&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Wikipedia namespace templates]]
&lt;!--Used to populate [[Wikipedia:Introduction 3]]--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unga lulamisi tluka leri/Header</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2538</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7859</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-18T15:31:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop}} {{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction|Xingheniso]]}} {{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction 2|dyondza&amp;nbsp;leswi&amp;nbsp;en...</comment>
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      <text bytes="419" sha1="tsntsqwe0mycfgutmr1lertoiu8dtjr" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsTop}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction|Xingheniso]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Introduction 2|dyondza&amp;nbsp;leswi&amp;nbsp;engetelekeke&amp;nbsp;hi ku lulamisa]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab1|[[Wikipedia:Introduction 3|Hlahluva&amp;nbsp;Wikipediya]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/Tab3|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Vuleteri byo koma]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Introduction/TabsBottom}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:About</title>
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      <text bytes="735" sha1="p5pdf55ox5hyyt7j2qllmzup67646mv" xml:space="preserve">{{Translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About}}
{{dablink|Lexi ixi ngheniso xa phurojeki ya wikipediya xa va endzi. kuni tsalwa ra encyclopediya ra mhaka leyi eka [[Wikipediya]].}}
[[Image:Www.wikipedia screenshot (2021).png|thumb|300px|Tluka ra wikipedia.org Web , tluka-nkulu ra tindzimi hinkwato ta Wikipediya.]]
'''Wikipediya'''  i nghula ya vutivi ya [[Free content|mahala]], hi [[multilingualism|tindzimi]] to hambana-hambana leyi akiweke eka inthaneti. Vito rayona i nkatsakano wa maviti ''[[wiki]]'' (thekinologi yo tumbuluxa matluka ya inthaneti hiku hlanyela ka vanhu) na ''encyclopediya''. Matsalwa ya wikipediya ma na minkombiso leyi kongomisaka mutirhisi eka matluka lama khomeke vuxoko-xoko lebyi engetelekeke.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Europe and Sea</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <timestamp>2013-03-08T13:00:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 29 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6002821]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Image label small|x=0.57|y=0.49|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Albania}}|&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|Alb.}}&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.29|y=0.47|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Andorra}}|&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|Andorra}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.91|y=0.51|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Armenia}}|&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|Arme.}}&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.48|y=0.39|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Austria}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.95|y=0.51|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Azerbaijan}}|{{SIL|Azer.}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=0.53|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Balearic Islands}}|{{SIL|(Sp.)}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.64|y=0.29|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Belarus}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.33|y=0.33|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Belgium}}|{{SIL|Belgium}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.52|y=0.44|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}|&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|Bosnia}}&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.62|y=0.47|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Bulgaria}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.63|y=0.59|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Crete}}|{{SIL|(Gr.)}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.51|y=0.42|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Croatia}}|&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|Croatia}}&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.75|y=0.60|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Cyprus}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.49|y=0.34|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Czech Republic}}|{{SIL|Czech&lt;br/&gt;Rep.}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.41|y=0.25|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Denmark}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.04|y=0.03|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Greenland}}|{{SIL|(Dk.)}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.60|y=0.20|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Estonia}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.59|y=0.16|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Finland}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.30|y=0.38|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|France}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.41|y=0.48|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Corsica}}|{{SIL|(Fr.)}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.42|y=0.32|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Germany}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.87|y=0.48|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Georgia (country)}}|{{SIL|Georgia}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.58|y=0.53|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Greece}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.93|y=0.69|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Hungary}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.10|y=0.10|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Iceland}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.18|y=0.30|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Republic of Ireland}}|{{SIL|Ireland}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.51|y=0.50|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Italy}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.41|y=0.51|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Sardinia}}|{{SIL|(It.)}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.49|y=0.55|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Sicily}}|{{SIL|(It.)}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.96|y=0.37|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Kazakhstan}}|{{SIL|Kaz.}}]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.58|y=0.47|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Kosovo}}|{{SIL|Kos.}}]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.41|y=0.39|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Liechtenstein}}|&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|Liech.}}&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.59|y=0.49|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Republic of Macedonia}}|&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|Mac.}}&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.67|y=0.39|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Moldova}}|&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|Moldova}}&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.55|y=0.47|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|Montenegro}}|&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|Mont.}}&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.46|y=0.45|scale={{{width|700}}}|text=[[{{SIL|San Marino}}|&lt;small&gt;{{SIL|S. Mar.}}&lt;/small&gt;]]}}
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{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=1.02|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=&lt;small&gt;[[{{SIL|Gibraltar}}]] [[{{SIL|United Kingdom}}|{{SIL|(UK)}}]]&lt;/small&gt;}}

{{Image label end}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:{{SIL|Europe country templates}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2541</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27428</id>
      <parentid>26175</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-05T22:37:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 1 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611719]]</comment>
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 | Atlantic Ocean = Lwandle ra Atlantika
 | Azov&lt;br/&gt;Sea = Azov&lt;br/&gt;Sea
 | Baltic Sea = Baltic Sea
 | Baltic&lt;br/&gt;Sea = Baltic&lt;br/&gt;Sea
 | Barents Sea = Barents Sea
 | Bay of Biscay = Bay of Biscay
 | Bay of&lt;br/&gt;Biscay = Bay of&lt;br/&gt;Biscay
 | Black Sea = Lwandle ra Ntima
 | Black&lt;br/&gt;Sea = Lwandle&lt;br/&gt;ra Ntima
 | Caspian Sea = Lwandle ra Kaspa
 | Caspian&lt;br/&gt;Sea = Lwandle ra&lt;br/&gt;Kaspa
 | Celtic Sea = Celtic Sea
 | Celtic&lt;br/&gt;Sea = Celtic&lt;br/&gt;Sea
 | Greenland Sea = Greenland Sea
 | Gulf of Cadiz = Gulf of Cadiz
 | Gulf of&lt;br/&gt;Cadiz = Gulf of&lt;br/&gt;Cadiz
 | Ligurian Sea = Ligurian Sea
 | Ligurian&lt;br/&gt;Sea = Ligurian&lt;br/&gt;Sea
 | Mediterranean Sea = Lwandle ra Meditera
 | North Atlantic Ocean = North Atlantic Ocean
 | North&lt;br/&gt;Atlantic&lt;br/&gt;Ocean = North&lt;br/&gt;Atlantic&lt;br/&gt;Ocean
 | North Sea = North Sea
 | North&lt;br/&gt;Sea = North&lt;br/&gt;Sea
 | Norwegian Sea = Norwegian Sea
 | Norwegian&lt;br/&gt;Sea = Norwegian&lt;br/&gt;Sea
 | Strait of Gibraltar = Strait of Gibraltar
 | Skagerrak = Skagerrak
 | Sea of Azov = Sea of Azov
 | Asia = Ashiya
 | Europe = Yuropa
 | Eurasia = Yurasia
 | Europe country templates = Europe country templates
 | Albania = Albania
 | Alb. = Alb.
 | Andorra = Andorra
 | Armenia = Armenia
 | Arme. = Arme.
 | Austria = Austria
 | Azer. = Azer.
 | Azerbaijan = Azerbaijan
 | Balearic Islands = Balearic Islands
 | Belarus = Belarus
 | Belgium = Belgium
 | Bosnia = Bosnia
 | Bosnia and Herzegovina = Bosnia and Herzegovina
 | Bulgaria = Bulgaria
 | Canada = Canada
 | Corsica = Corsica
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 | (Dk.) = (Dk.)
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 | (Fr.) = (Fr.)
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 | Georgia (country) = Georgia (country)
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 | Gibraltar = Gibraltar
 | Greece = Greece
 | (Gr.) = (Gr.)
 | Herzegovina = Herzegovina
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 | Tanzania = Tanzania
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&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial</title>
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      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/71.235.232.54|71.235.232.54]] ([[User talk:71.235.232.54|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Sobama|Sobama]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2019" sha1="ba911pbenl5zz45g1alz27dbjq8u5t0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-semi|small=yes}}&lt;/noinclude&gt; 
{{WP help pages (header bar)}}
{{/TabsHeader|This=1}}
&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid #A3B1BF; padding:.5em 1em 1em 1em; border-top:none; background-color:#fff; color:#000&quot;&gt;
{{Shortcut|WP:T}}
== Vuleteri hi ta kululamisa eka Wikipediya - ''Wa amukeriwa!'' ==
'''[[Wikipediya]] i ensayitlopediya leyi ''lulamisiwaka hi ku hlengela'' laha na ''wena'' u nga hlengaka vutivi bya wena kona. Vuleteri lebyi byi ta ku pfuna ku va ''[[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|muwikipediya]]''.

Matluka lama landzelaka ma ta bula hi swihlawulekisi swa Wikipediya, ma nyikela switsundzuxo mayelana na vusasekisi na matsalele ya timhaka, vuxokoxoko hi vanhu va muganga wa Wikipediya, naswin'wana na swin'wana. Tlhandlakambirhi, ma ta hlamusela swinawana swa Wikipediya na mitoloveto ya kona.

Lebyi i ''vuleteri'' byo olova, a hi buku yo hlamusela hi vuenti. Loko u lava vuxokoxoko byo antwsa, landzela mikongomiso yo ya eka matluka man'wana lama yelanaka na mhaka leyi. Leswaku u hlaya matluka lawa hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, u nga ma pfula eka mafasitere man'wana eka inthanete ya wena.

Ku ni mikongomiso yo ya eka matluka ya &quot;''Mabokisi ya sava''&quot; laha u nga dyondzaka hi ku ringeta kona. Ringeta swilo swo hambanahambana naswona u tiphina! Ku hava loyi a nga ta ku karhata eka matluka lawa. 

&lt;p style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;&gt;''Xiya leswaku eka vuleteri lebyi u tirhisa vuhleri bya tluka lebyi tolovelekeke. Loko u pfurile u nghena laha ka Wikipediya ivi u cince mihlawulo ya wena, mikongomiso yi nga va etindhawini to hambana eka tluka ra wena.''&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cee0f2; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border:1px solid #A3B1BF;&quot;&gt;'''Leswi landzelaka:''' '''[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Editing)|A hi dyondze ku lulamisa]]''' &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia tutorial|*]]


&lt;!-- Interwikis found using http://vs.aka-online.de/globalwpsearch/ --&gt;
&lt;!-- Search for Wikipedia:Tutorial --&gt;</text>
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    <title>Template:Pp-semi</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>7882</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-19T13:54:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{pp-meta |type=semi |small={{{small|}}} |demospace={{{demospace|}}} |expiry={{{expiry|}}} |dispute=no |reason={{#if:{{{reason|...</comment>
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|type=semi
|small={{{small|}}}
|demospace={{{demospace|}}}
|expiry={{{expiry|}}}
|dispute=no
|reason={{#if:{{{reason|}}}|&amp;#32;because {{lcfirst:{{{reason|}}}}}}}
|categories={{{categories|[[Category:Semi-protected|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{{expiry|}}}|{{#time:U|today}}&gt;{{#time:U|{{{expiry}}}}}|0}}|[[Category:Protected pages with expiry expired|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-semi-protected|categories=no|demospace=main|reason=of a reason}}
{{Documentation}}

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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2547</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7883</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-19T13:54:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{pp-meta |type=semi |small={{{small|}}} |demospace={{{demospace|}}} |expiry={{{expiry|}}} |dispute=no |reason={{#if:{{{reason|...</comment>
      <origin>7883</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="571" sha1="8acpcsth6m8c4gewcjhemes7kdguzfb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{pp-meta
|type=semi
|small={{{small|}}}
|demospace={{{demospace|}}}
|expiry={{{expiry|}}}
|dispute=no
|reason={{#if:{{{reason|}}}|&amp;#32;because {{lcfirst:{{{reason|}}}}}}}
|categories={{{categories|[[Category:Semi-protected|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{{expiry|}}}|{{#time:U|today}}&gt;{{#time:U|{{{expiry}}}}}|0}}|[[Category:Protected pages with expiry expired|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-semi-protected|categories=no|demospace=main|reason=of a reason}}
{{Documentation}}

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8acpcsth6m8c4gewcjhemes7kdguzfb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:WP help pages (header bar)</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2548</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7928</id>
      <parentid>7927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-19T15:17:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7928</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1049" sha1="oks19gro2t9ctswhvc6fwbxtemnsxsd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:-3px; margin-bottom:0.5em; text-align:center; font-size:98%; vertical-align:bottom; padding:3px&quot;&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia|Haku&amp;nbsp;amukela]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:FAQ|FAQ]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Glossary|Swikomba-ndlela]]{{·}} 
[[Help:Contents|Mpfuno]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Tafula&amp;nbsp;ra&amp;nbsp;mpfuno]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions|Media&amp;nbsp;copyright&amp;nbsp;questions]]{{·}}
[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Tafula&amp;nbsp;ra&amp;nbsp;Swikombo]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

== About this template ==
The above navigation bar provides easier access to Wikipedia's help pages and help resources. 

== See also == 
* [[Template:WP nav pages (header bar)]] -  sister template
* [[Template:Contents pages (header bar)]] - sister template

[[Category:Bar-style templates]]
[[Category:Wikipedia help templates|Help header]]

[[fa:الگو:صفحات راهنمای ویکی‌پدیا (نوار سرصفحه)]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>oks19gro2t9ctswhvc6fwbxtemnsxsd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:WP nav pages (header bar)</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2549</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7926</id>
      <parentid>7885</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-19T15:14:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>7926</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="956" sha1="h4l581hi7gf7nx6k11thqg2elw1t5l5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:-3px; margin-bottom:0.5em; text-align:center; font-size:98%; vertical-align:bottom;&quot;&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Quick directory|Xikombo xa xihatla]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Department directory|Xikombo]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Community portal|Muganga]]{{·}}
[[Wikipedia:Maintenance|Vukorhokeri]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Requests|Swikombelo]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:List of shortcuts|Kutsemelela]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Tips|Tips]]{{·}} 
[[Wikipedia:Tools|Tools]]{{·}}
[[Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia|Nxaxamelo wa swikombo]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}

== About this template ==
This navigation bar was designed to provide easier access to the Wikipedia community's various directories and main resource lists.

==See also==
* [[Template:WP help pages (header bar)]] - sister template
* [[Template:Contents pages (header bar)]] - sister template

[[Category:Bar-style templates]]
[[Category:Wikipedia help templates|Nav header]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h4l581hi7gf7nx6k11thqg2elw1t5l5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Contents pages (header bar)</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2550</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26163</id>
      <parentid>25896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:32:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7211818]]</comment>
      <origin>26163</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="712" sha1="0h3c4mgd4r4q8imug583pjle1icvmrv" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:-3px; margin-bottom:0.5em; text-align:center; font-size:98%;&quot;&gt;
'''[[Portal:Contents|Leswinga-ndzeni]]'''{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/Overviews|Swikomiso]]{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/Lists of topics|Tinhloko-mhaka]]{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/Lists of basic topics|Tinhloko-mhaka&amp;nbsp;to akela]]{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/List of glossaries|Swikomba-ndlela]]{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/Portals|Minyangwa-nkulu]]{{·}}
[[Portal:Contents/Featured content|Swinavetiso]]{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/Categorical index|Swiyenge]]{{·}}
[[Portal:Contents/Quick index|Xikombo A–Z]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-semi-template|small=yes}}
{{documentation}}

[[Category:Bar-style templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0h3c4mgd4r4q8imug583pjle1icvmrv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsHeader</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2551</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26161</id>
      <parentid>8006</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:31:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q11248122]]</comment>
      <origin>26161</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="892" sha1="hcdkgkpzi3zhsgajgak94pex22dlp2i" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tabs
|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tluka-nkulu]]
|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Editing)|Kululamisa]] 
|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Formatting)|kuhlela tluka]] 
|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wikipedia links)|swikombo&amp;nbsp;swa&amp;nbsp;Wikipediya]] 
|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (External links)|Swikombo&amp;nbsp;swa&amp;nbsp;le&amp;nbsp;handle]] 
|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Talk pages)|Matluka&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;mbulavulo]] 
|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Keep in mind)|Tekela&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;nhlokweni]] 
|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Registration)|Vutsarisi]] 
|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wrap-up and more info)|Kugimeta]]
|This={{{This}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
This page is used to make the tabs consistent on all pages.  To understand how to do this directly, see any of the following: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Header]]

To use this page, set '''This=n''' where n is the tab number of the page that calls this macro, e.g '''This=5''' or '''This=8'''

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hcdkgkpzi3zhsgajgak94pex22dlp2i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Shortcut</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2552</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7888</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-19T13:59:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;table class=&quot;shortcutbox noprint&quot; style=&quot;float: right; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; padding: 3px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border: none...</comment>
      <origin>7888</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1110" sha1="shd3om0t2ohsdkdsojrtnxirmkulm8q" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table class=&quot;shortcutbox noprint&quot; style=&quot;float: right; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; padding: 3px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border: none; background: transparent;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- 
Putting anchors on page:
--&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{1|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{2|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{3|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{4|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&lt;span id=&quot;{{{5|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
Adding the shortcut links:
--&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Wikipedia:Shortcut|Shortcut{{#if:{{{2|}}}|s}}]]: {{#if:{{{1|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{1}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{2}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{3}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{4}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&lt;br&gt; [[{{{5}}}]] }}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;!--
Reporting if the first parameter is not a valid non-bracketed shortcut name:
--&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}
| {{#ifexist:{{{1|}}}
  | 
  | [[Category:Wikipedia shortcut box first parameter needs fixing|{{PAGENAME}}]]
  }} 
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>shd3om0t2ohsdkdsojrtnxirmkulm8q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tabs</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2553</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27429</id>
      <parentid>26033</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-05T22:37:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 20 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q14899441]]</comment>
      <origin>27429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1060" sha1="ikrga43tb4zwrvsbi3rfx90cnhmj43e" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab{{ #ifeq:{{{This}}}|1|1|2}}|{{{1}}}}}
{{ #if:  {{{2|}}} |{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab{{ #ifeq:{{{This}}}|2|1|2}}|{{{2}}}}}
{{ #if:  {{{3|}}} |{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab{{ #ifeq:{{{This}}}|3|1|2}}|{{{3}}}}}
{{ #if:  {{{4|}}} |{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab{{ #ifeq:{{{This}}}|4|1|2}}|{{{4}}}}}
{{ #if:  {{{5|}}} |{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab{{ #ifeq:{{{This}}}|5|1|2}}|{{{5}}}}}
{{ #if:  {{{6|}}} |{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab{{ #ifeq:{{{This}}}|6|1|2}}|{{{6}}}}}
{{ #if:  {{{7|}}} |{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab{{ #ifeq:{{{This}}}|7|1|2}}|{{{7}}}}}
{{ #if:  {{{8|}}} |{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab{{ #ifeq:{{{This}}}|8|1|2}}|{{{8}}}}}
{{ #if:  {{{9|}}} |{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab{{ #ifeq:{{{This}}}|9|1|2}}|{{{9}}}}}|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

Usage: 1 to 9 parameters, for each tab to put on the page. After the last item, whichever parameter is the current page is indicated by '''This=''' and the tab number to mark as the current tab, from 1 to 9.  '''This=1''' or '''This=5''' etc.

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ikrga43tb4zwrvsbi3rfx90cnhmj43e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial/Header</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2554</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32620</id>
      <parentid>22303</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T21:11:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 3 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q17346733]]</comment>
      <origin>32620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="843" sha1="j7lsijx2dqhi3wc2qvzy08927zrcbjk" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab1|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tluka-nkulu]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Editing)|Kululamisa]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Formatting)|Formatting]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wikipedia links)|swi kombo swa&amp;nbsp;Wikipediya]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (External links)|Swikombo swa le&amp;nbsp;handle]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Talk pages)|Matluka&amp;nbsp;ya&amp;nbsp;mbulavulo]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Keep in mind)|Tekela&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;nhlokweni]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Registration)|Vutsarisi]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wrap-up and more info)|Kugimeta]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j7lsijx2dqhi3wc2qvzy08927zrcbjk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2555</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26736</id>
      <parentid>26032</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-10-24T16:28:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gire 3pich2005</username>
        <id>3757</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>26736</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="630" sha1="au55c2jmi6hd2xduima7r8hw11o3qh2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;| style=&quot;padding:0.5em; background-color:#CEE0F2; font-size:90%; line-height:0.95em; border:1px solid #A3B1BF; border-bottom:solid 2px #A3B1BF&quot; width=&quot;20&quot; | {{{1|Tab 2}}}
| style=&quot;border-bottom:2px solid #A3B1BF&quot; width=&quot;3&quot; |&amp;nbsp;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these four elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab1]]|Vito ra tluka leri}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2]]|Matluka manwani}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom]]}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>au55c2jmi6hd2xduima7r8hw11o3qh2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab1</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2556</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27430</id>
      <parentid>26030</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-05T22:37:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 21 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q14899519]]</comment>
      <origin>27430</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="620" sha1="fgc3ld5590varx9yah858amq1vzp6lr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;| style=&quot;padding:0.5em; background-color:white; line-height:0.95em; border:solid 2px #A3B1BF; border-bottom:0; font-weight:bold;&quot; width=&quot;20&quot; | {{{1|Tab 1}}}
| style=&quot;border-bottom:2px solid #A3B1BF&quot; width=&quot;3&quot; | &amp;nbsp;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these four elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom]]}}

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fgc3ld5590varx9yah858amq1vzp6lr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2557</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32591</id>
      <parentid>27431</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-23T14:46:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 11 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q14944311]]; 1 langlinks remaining</comment>
      <origin>32591</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="670" sha1="a4s9co3kq94s8a9p08crznz45d9i70e" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__
{| style=&quot;background:#F8FCFF; text-align:center&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; |


&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these four elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom]]}}

To keep editing tags on the sections, use this first line:

{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTopWithEdit]]}}&lt;br&gt;
[[pt:Wikipédia:Tutorial/AbasTopo]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a4s9co3kq94s8a9p08crznz45d9i70e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2558</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27432</id>
      <parentid>26031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-05T22:38:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 20 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q14944307]]</comment>
      <origin>27432</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="469" sha1="tt6w1g6trc99wo1fw68wmv8xrivkb9h" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;| style=&quot;border-bottom:2px solid #A3B1BF&quot; width=&quot;3000&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these four elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom]]}}

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tt6w1g6trc99wo1fw68wmv8xrivkb9h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTopWithEdit</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2559</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27433</id>
      <parentid>26036</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-08-05T22:38:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 7 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q15060049]]</comment>
      <origin>27433</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="615" sha1="4vdf72osbmb1z2x9uy61j3blj72m1on" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
{| style=&quot;background:#F8FCFF; text-align:center&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; |&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these four elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.

{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTopWithEdit]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom]]}}

To remove editing tags on the sections, use this first line:

{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4vdf72osbmb1z2x9uy61j3blj72m1on</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial/Header/doc</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2560</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26039</id>
      <parentid>22475</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-06-01T13:41:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MerlIwBot</username>
        <id>1813</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Robot: Removing [[ur:منصوبہ:Tutorial/Header/doc]] (missing)</comment>
      <origin>26039</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1111" sha1="cqrb6h7hmfjuhr97rc7565f6k3ylf4z" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;
==Usage==
To create a set of tabs, use these four elements. Keep the page tabs in the same order on all pages and use &quot;Tab1&quot; for the current page.  See also [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Header]], [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Editing)/Header]], [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Formatting)/Header]], [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wikipedia links)/Header]], [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (External links)/Header]], [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Talk pages)/Header]], [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Keep in mind)/Header]], [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Registration)/Header]], and [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wrap-up and more info)/Header]].

For an example of how to set this up to be done automatically see [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsHeader]].

{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop]]}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab1]]|Current page name}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2]]|Other page name(s)}}&lt;br&gt;
{{[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom]]}}

&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[en:Wikipedia:Tutorial/Header/doc]]
[[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:خودآموز/سربرگ/توضیحات]]
[[km:វិគីភីឌា:Tutorial/Header/doc]]
[[or:ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Tutorial/Header/doc]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial (Editing)/Header</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2561</id>
    <revision>
      <id>22304</id>
      <parentid>7900</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-06-17T08:45:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MerlIwBot</username>
        <id>1813</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Robot: Adding [[km:វិគីភីឌា:Tutorial/Header]], [[en:Wikipedia:Tutorial/Header]]</comment>
      <origin>22304</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="969" sha1="8fle9grjfz9sekkdnjvusqk257fv38z" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsTop}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tluka-nkulu]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab1|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Editing)|Kululamisa]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Formatting)|Formatting]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wikipedia links)|swi kombo swa&amp;nbsp;Wikipediya]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (External links)|Swikombo swa le&amp;nbsp;handle]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Talk pages)|Matluka&amp;nbsp;ya mbulavulo]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Keep in mind)|Tekela&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;nhlokweni]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Registration)|Vutsarisi]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/Tab2|[[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wrap-up and more info)|Kugimeta]]}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsBottom}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

[[en:Wikipedia:Tutorial/Header]]
[[ja:Wikipedia:チュートリアル/ヘッダ]]
[[km:វិគីភីឌា:Tutorial/Header]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial (Editing)</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2562</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29016</id>
      <parentid>27434</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-04-28T19:45:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sobama</username>
        <id>4862</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Ndzi lo lulamisa matsalelo na mapeletelo hi ku landza Milawu ya Huvo ya Rixaka ya ririmi ra Xitsonga ya 2008.</comment>
      <origin>29016</origin>
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      <text bytes="3493" sha1="gloooslsaod3fnr9iqd8thwwqztesr4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-semi|small=yes}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{WP help pages (header bar)}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsHeader|This=2}}
&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid #A3B1BF; padding:.5em 1em 1em 1em; border-top:none; background-color:#fff; color:#000&quot;&gt;
[[Image:Edit-this-page-large.png|right|Thlava ''lulamisa'' leswaku u endla ku cinca eka tluka]]
Handle ka matluka yo karhi [[Wikipedia:Protected page|lamasirheleriweke]], tluka rin'wana na rin'wana ri'ni nkongomiso lowu nge &quot;'''''Lulamisa'''''&quot;, lowu ku pfumelelaka ku lulamisa tluka leri u ri languteke. I xihlawulekisi xo olova ngopfu xa wikipediya, naswona xi ku pfumelela ku endla milulamiso no engetela eka matluka ya timhaka. Loko u engetela vutivi eka tluka, u komberiwa ku [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|boxa xihlovo xa laha swi humaka kona]], hikuva timhaka [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|leti pfumalaka xihlovo ta suriwa]].

Yana eka [[/sandbox/|bokisi ra sava]] u fika u hlawula nkombo lowu nge &quot;''lulamisa''&quot;. Leswi swi pfula fasitere ro lulamisa leri nga ni vutsari bya wiki bya tluka rero. Tsala swo karhi, swo fana na &quot;ndzawini!&quot; ivi u hlayisa tluka leswaku u vona leswi u swi tsaleke! (Xiya leswi: u nga endli laha eka tluka leri.)

==Komba ku ringanisa==    
Xin'wana xa swihlawulekisi leswi hi nga sungulaka ku swi tirhisa i xikombo lexi nge '''[[Wikipedia:Show preview|komba leswi swi nga ta vonakisa xiswona]]'''. Ringeta ku cinca eka [[/sandbox/|bokisi ra sava]], ivi u tlhava &lt;!-- Can someone put an actual button here to make things clear to newusers? --&gt;'''{{Mediawiki:Showpreview}}''' ematshan'weni ya ''Hlayisa tluka''. leswi swi ku pfumelela ku ringanisa leswi tluka ri ngata va swona, ''emahlweni'' ko hlayisa ku cinca ka wena. Hinkwerhu ha endla swihoxo; xihlawulekisi lexi xi pfuna leswaku u vona swihoxo leswi. Xitirhisiwa lexi xi pfuna leswaku u hlela ku cinca ka wena no lulamisa ehandle ku tata [[Wikipedia:Page history|matimu ya tluka]]. Hambiswiritano u nga rivali ku hlayisa ku cinca ka wena loko u heta ku vona kuringanisa!

==Nkomiso==
[[Image:Edit_Summary-2.png|bokisi ra nkomiso wa ndzulamiso|right]]
U nga si hlawula ''hlayisa tluka'', [[Wikipedia:Etiquette|i mukhuva lowunene]] (kumbe &quot;mukhuva wa wiki&quot;) ku tsala nkomiso wo karhi hi ndzulamiso lowu u wu endleke eka  '''[[Wikipedia:Edit summary|bokisi ra nkomiso]]''' leri nga exikarhi ka fasitere ro lulamisa na swikombo swo hlayisa tluka no komba ku ringanisa. A swi bohi ku ndlandlamuxa nhlamuselo; xikombiso loko u tsala leswaku &quot;kupeleta&quot;, van'wana va ta twisisa leswaku u endle ndzulamiso eka mpeleto, kumbe leswi yelanaka na swona. Nakambe loko u endle ndzulamiso wutsongo, tanihi ku peleta, tiyiseka ku tlhava bokisi leri nge &quot;Lowu i [[Help:Minor edit|ndzulamiso wutsongo]]&quot; (Leswi swi koteka ntsena loko u pfurile u nghena laha wikipediyeni hi wexe).

{{-}}
&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; align:left; margin-top: -1.5em; background-color: #f5faff; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #cee0f2;&quot;&gt;'''Tlangela eka [[/sandbox/|Bokisi ra sava]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cee0f2; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #a3b1bf;&quot;&gt;'''Yana emahlweni na vuleteri hi [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Formatting)|ku hlela]]''' &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia tutorial|*1]]

[[de:Wikipedia:Tutorial/1]]
[[ko:위키백과:길라잡이 (서식)]]
[[vi:Wikipedia:Sách hướng dẫn/Viết bài]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial (Formatting)</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2563</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34831</id>
      <parentid>27435</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-01-25T19:57:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DannyS712</username>
        <id>6098</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>&lt;tt&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt; [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag]]</comment>
      <origin>34831</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4437" sha1="irqcov9up1uagk6gybzegjycl1bi83q" xml:space="preserve">{{WP help pages (header bar)}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsHeader|This=3}}
&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid #A3B1BF; padding:.5em 1em 1em 1em; border-top:none; background-color:#fff; color:#000&quot;&gt;
{{TOCright}}
'''Kuhlela matluka ya Wikipediya''' swa hambana na ku tsala eka xitsala marito xa khompiyuta. kuhambana na ([[WYSIWYG|&quot;leswi u swi vonaka u kuma swona&quot;]]), Wikipediya yi tirhisa mimfungo ya marito ku tumbuluxa swiyenge swo karhi swa tluka (kufana ni nhlokomhaka). Ririmi-vutsari leri ritiviwa hi '''[[vutsari bya Wiki]]''' naswona riendleriwe ku olovisa ku cinca no lulamisa matluka.

== Vutiyisi na xitaliki ==
swiga swa wiki leswi tirhisiwaka ngopfu i '''Vutiyisi (bold)''' na ''Xitaliki (italics)''. '''Kutiyisa marito''' na ''xitaliki xa marito'' swi endliwa hi ku angarha marito hi (&lt;code&gt;'&lt;/code&gt;):

{| style=&quot;border:none; text-align:left;&quot;
|-&lt;!--COLUMN HEADINGS--&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#E6F2FF; padding:0.3em; text-align:center;&quot;|'''U tsala'''	
| style=&quot;background:#E6F2FF; padding:0.3em; text-align:center;&quot;|'''U kuma'''
|-&lt;!--1ST ROW--&gt;
|&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''xitaliki''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|''xitaliki''
|-&lt;!--2ND ROW--&gt;
|
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''vutiyisi'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|
'''vutiyisi'''
|-&lt;!--3RD ROW--&gt;
|
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;'''''Vutiyisi xitaliki'''''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|
'''''Vutiyisi xitaliki'''''
|}

eka Wikipediya, mavito ya nhloko mhaka ma tsariwa hi  '''Kutiyisa marito''' loko ma tshahiwa ro sungula eka tluka. Hi xikombiso, tluka ra mhaka ya [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeta wa vumbirhi wa vanghizi]] ri sungula hi:

:'''Elizabeta II''' (Elizabeta Alexandriya Mariya Windsor; utswariwe hi 21 Dzivamusoko 1926) i nwa-hosi wa swifundza-nkulu swa makume-nkaye.

''Xitaliki'' xi tirhiseriwa mavto ya tibuku, timuvi, ti alibamu na mintlangu ya khompiyuta. Loko kutshaha ko sunula ka mhaka kuri vito ra buku kumbe muvhi, ku tirhisiwa '''''Vutiyisi xitaliki'''''. 

Leswaku ukuma vuxokoxoko lebyi engetelekeke eku tirhisiweni ka vutiyisi na xitaliki, Vona [[Wikipedia:Manual of style|Buku ya mahlelele ya wiki]]

==Tinhloko mhaka na tinhloko mhaka-ntsongo==
Tinhloko mhaka na tinhloko mhaka-ntsongo i ndlela yinwana yo hlela matluka ya timhaka ya wiki. Loko u vona timhaka timbirhi (kumbe kutlula) leti hambaneke, unga ti hambanisa hi ku hoxa '''[[Wikipedia:Section|xiyenge xa nhoko mhaka]]'''.

Tnhloko mhaka ti tumbuluxiwa hindlela leyi landzelaka:

{| width=100% style=&quot;border:none; text-align:left;&quot;
|-&lt;!--COLUMN HEADINGS--&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#E6F2FF; padding:0.3em; text-align:center;&quot;|'''U tsala'''	
| width=&quot;80%&quot; style=&quot;background:#E6F2FF; padding:0.3em; text-align:center;&quot;|'''U kuma'''
|-
|
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;== Nhloko mhaka ==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| 
== Nhloko mhaka ==
|-
|
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;=== Nhloko mhaka-ntsongo ===&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|
=== Nhloko mhaka-ntsongo ===
|}

Loko tluka ra mhaka riri ni tinhloko mhaka ta mune kumbe kutlula, nxaxamelo wa leswi nge ndzeni wu ta humelela hiwoxe. Ringeta ku tsala nhlokomhaka eka tluka leri [[/sandbox/|bokisi ra sava]]. Yi ta hoxiwe eka nxaxamelo wa leswi nga ndzeni ka tluka hi roxe, loko yiri nhlokomhaka ya vumune. 

== HTML ==
Ririmi-vutsari ra [[HTML]] ringa tirhisiwa ku endla ku hlela loku rhahanganeke tani hi muvala, minaxamelo, na vuhleri byi nwana bya matluka. Hambi swiritano, aswi bohi leswaku utiva know HTML leswaku ukota ku tirhisa Wikipediya.

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; background-color:#f5faff; padding: .2em .6em; margin-bottom:10px; border: 1px solid #cee0f2;&quot;&gt;'''Vona [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Ndlela yo lulamisa tluka]] kumbe [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] leswaku u kuma leswi engetelekeke eka ta kuhleriwa ka matluka.'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Unga thlela u vona [[Wikipedia:Annotated article|tluka ra swi kombiso]].'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; background-color: #f5faff; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #cedff2;&quot;&gt;'''Kambela leswi u swi dyondzeke eka [[/sandbox/|bokisi ra sava]]'''&lt;/div&gt;{{-}}

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cedff2; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #B8C7D9;&quot;&gt;'''Yana mahlweni na vuleteri hi [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wikipedia links)|swikombo swa Wikipediya]]''' &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Category:Wikipedia tutorial|*2]]

[[de:Wikipedia:Tutorial/2]]
[[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:خودآموز (قالب‌بندی)|قالب]]</text>
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      <parentid>27436</parentid>
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      <minor />
      <comment>&lt;tt&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt; [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag]]</comment>
      <origin>34833</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4104" sha1="hziksj66ctu1z2ysd3dxky78n8889ti" xml:space="preserve">{{WP help pages (header bar)}}
{{Wikipedia:Tutorial/TabsHeader|This=4}}
&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid #A3B1BF; padding:.5em 1em 1em 1em; border-top:none; background-color:#fff; color:#000&quot;&gt;
{{TOCright}}
'''Ku khwekerisa''' matluka ya Wikipediya i mhaka ya nkoka swinene. swi khwekeriso leswi tumbuluxekaka hiku olova swi pfuna vatirhisi leswaku vakuma vuxokoxoko lebyi yelanaka na mhaka leyi vayihlayaka, naswona swi endla wikipediya yi olova ku tirhisiwa.

==U khwekerisa loko swite yini?==
Ndlela yo olova yo dyondza leswi iku languta matluka ya wikipediya ku vona swikombiso swa maendlelo. Loko lava ku boha kutirhisa nkhwekelo kumbe ee, tivutise &quot;Loko a ndzi hlaya tluka ra mhaka leyi, xana nkhekelo lowu awuta ndzi pfuna kwihi?&quot; kotala ku khwekerisiwa vito (kanwe ntsena eka vito rero) leri nga riku ninhlamuselo leyi nga erivaleni.

==Ndlela yo khwekerisa==
Loko u endla nkhwekelo kuya eka tluka rinwana ra wikipediya(leswi vuriwaka &lt;em&gt;nkwekelo wa wiki&lt;/em&gt;) uboheka ku tirhisa swi angarhi swo ololoka, hindlela leyi:
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Bokisi ra sava]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; = [[Bokisi ra sava]]

Loko u lava marito lawa ma kombiwaka ma hambana na tluka leri khwekeriwaka, unga endla tano hi ku hoxa [[Help:Piped link|phayiphi]] &quot;|&quot; ra xihambanisi (SHIFT + \ eka keyboard ya khompiyuta yawena) ivi a u landzerisa hi vito leri hambaneke. Hixikombiso:
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Tluka leri khwekeriwaka|Marito lama kombiwaka]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; = [[Tluka leri khwekeriwaka|Marito lama kombiwaka]]

Unga thlela u khwekela eka xiyenge xokarhi hi ku kongoma eka tluka hindlela leyi:
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Tluka leri khwekeriwaka#Xiyenge xa tluka|Marito lama kombiwaka]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; = [[Tluka leri khwekeriwaka#Xiyenge xa tluka|Marito lama kombiwaka]]

Loko u lava marito lam kombiwaka leswaku ma tsariwa hi xitaliki kumbe vutiyisi angarha swi angarhi swo ololoka hi ndlela leyi landzelaka:
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;''[[Nyimpi na kurhula]]''&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; = ''[[Nyimpi na kurhula]]''

Tiyisekisa leswaku swi khwekerisi swa wena swi ya eka tluka leri faneleke. Hixikombiso, xikhwekerisi [[Apple]] xikongomisa eka tluka ra muhandzu, kasi xikhwekerisi [[Apple, Inc.]] xikongomisa eka tluka ra nwamabindzu wa ti khompiyuta. Kuni [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|matluka &quot;Kongomisa&quot;]] - lawa ahi matluka ya timhaka, imatluka yo kongomisa kuya eka matluka lama yelanaka. Manga tirhisiwa hi ndlela leyi landzelaka [[Georgia (tiko)]] yinga hambanisiwa hi [[Georgia (tiko)|Georgia]], kunga nkongomiso lowu tumbetiweke.

==Swiyenge==
Unga thlela u hoxa matluka ya timhaka eka swi yenge swinwe na matluka lama yelanaka. U tsala &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Category:]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, ivi u hoxa vito ra xiyenge lexi u xitumbuluxaka endzhaku ka hika-mbirhi.

'''I swankoka swinene ku hoxa matluka lawa u matsalaka eka swiyenge leswi faneleka leswaku vanhu vata kota ku kuma matsalwa ya wena hiku olova.''' Ndlela yo antswa yo tiva xiyenge lexi u nga xitirhisaka iku langutisa matluka laya yelanaka ivi u vona swiyenge leswi tirhisiweke. hixikombiso loko u tsala hi murhi(nsinya) wo karhi, unga ha langutisa tluka ra tsalwa leri hlamuselaka murhu(nsinya) wokarhi lowu yelanaka ivi u lava xiyenge lexi tirhisiweke.

&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; background-color:#f5faff; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #cedff2; margin-bottom:3px;&quot;&gt;'''Leswaku u kuma vuxokoxoko lebyi engetelekeke langutisa tluka ra [[Wikipedia:Categories|Swiyenge]].'''&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; background-color: #f5faff; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #cedff2;&quot;&gt;'''Kambela leswi uswi dyondzeke ake [[/sandbox/|bokisi ra sava]]'''&lt;/div&gt;{{-}}

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cedff2; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #B8C7D9;&quot;&gt;'''Yana mahlweni ni vuleteri hi [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (External links)|Swikombo swa lehandle]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; →&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Category:Wikipedia tutorial|*3]]

&lt;!-- interwiki --&gt;

[[als:Wikipedia:Tutorial/3]]
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Tanihilaha swi hlamuseriweke ha kona eka [[Wikipedia:About|nkomiso wa wikipediya]], &quot;Loko u tsala swo karhi eka tluka, tiyiseka leswaku u hoxa ni [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|ntshaho]], hikuva [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|matsalwa yo pfumala ntshaho]] ya suriwa.&quot; I swinene leswaku u tirhisa [[Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations|Ntsaho wo koma]] leswaku va lulamisi/vatirhisi vanwana na vahlayi vanga kota ku tiyisekisa mhaka leyi uyi engeteleke. Naswona, tiyiseka leswaku swihlovo swa mintshaho ya wena swa [[WP:Reliable sources|tshembeka naswona swa twakala]].

== Matsalwa ya le hansi ==
Ndlela yo olova yo hoxa mintsaho yo koma iku tirhisa [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|matsalwa yale hansi ka tluka]]. Unga tumbuluxa matsalwa yale hansi ka tluka hiku tirhisa '''ririmi-vutsari ra Wiki markup''' hindlela leyi:
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Xihlovo xa nthsaho wawena&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; '''swihlawulekisi swo tsaha swa wiki''' swi angarha ntshaho, naswona 
* &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; kumbe &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ehansi ka nhlokomhaka '''&lt;nowiki&gt;==References==&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ekusuhi ni mahetelelo ya tluka rawena.


'''Loko xihlovo xa ntshaho wa wena kuri tluka rale ka inthaneti''', u boheka ku tumbuluxa '''xikombo xa le handle''' xo khwekerisa tluka rero. Unga tirhisi matluka manwana ya wikipediya tani hi ntshaho. 

Leswaku u tumbuluxa swikombo swalehandle kuya eka ntshaho wa wena, hoxo direse([[URL]]) ya inthaneti ya tluka rero eka swiangi swo ololoka endzhaku ka marito lawa u matsaleke, hindlela leyi 
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.google.com Google search engine]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
Indlela leyi nene yo nyikela nhlamuselo wo koma endzhaku ka direse ya tluka ra le handle ka wikipediya. Nhlamuselo leyi yita kombisiwa eka nxaxamelo wa minthsaho tani hi nhloko mahaka ya tluka rale handle, e matshanwini ya direse ra tluka ra le handle. 

== Ntsaho wo koma lowu pfumalaka tsalwa ra le hansi ==
Ku angarha nkongomiso wa tluka rale handle eka swi angi swo ololoka unga hoxangi nhlamuselo wo koma hindlela leyi:
:&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://www.google.com]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;
swi ta komba nkongomiso wuri nhlayo, hindlela leyi: [http://www.google.com].

Papalata matirhisele lama landzelaka: &quot;hi kuya hi [http://members.lycos.nl/JoyceHoen/moon2000.htm], Nwenti leyi heleleke ya lembe xidzana ra vumbirhi yi vonake hi [[Nwendzamhala 11]], [[1999]].&quot;  

Tirhisa hindlela leyi ematshanwini ya swona: &quot;Nwenti leyi heleleke ya lembe xidzana ra vumbirhi yi vonake hi [[Nwendzamhala 11]], [[1999]]. [http://members.lycos.nl/JoyceHoen/moon2000.htm]&quot;

Loko unga tirhisangi xi hlawulekisi &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ku tumbuluxa tsalwa ra le hansi, u boheka ku ri engetela hiwexe ehansi ka tluka eka nxaxamelo wa mintshaho. 

== Xiyenge xa swikombo swa le handle ==
Matluka yo tala ya Wikipediya mani xiyenge xa '''Swikombo swa le handle'''. Xiyenge lexi i xokhwekerisa matluka laya ngani vuxokoxoko byo engetela eka mhaka leyi tameriweke hi tluka. Ungasi engetela tluka eka xiyenge xa '''swikombo swale handle''', u boheka ku ribumabumela eka '''tluka ra mbulavulo''' ra mhaka yeleyo. 

{{-}}
&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; background-color: #f5faff; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #cedff2;&quot;&gt;'''Kambela leswi uswi dyondzeke ake [[/sandbox/|bokisi ra sava]]'''&lt;/div&gt;{{-}}

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cedff2; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #B8C7D9;&quot;&gt;'''Yana mahlweni ni vuleteri hi [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Talk pages)|Matluka ya mbulavuriswano]]'''&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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[[Category:Wikipedia tutorial|*4]]

[[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:خودآموز (پیوندهای وبگاه‌های مربوطه)]]
[[pt:Wikipedia:Tutorial/Objectos relacionados]]
[[sk:Wikipédia:Príru&amp;#269;ka/Odkazy na podobné stránky]]
[[hr:Wikipedija:Tečaj (Vanjske poveznice)]]
[[lv:Wikipedia:Pam&amp;#257;c&amp;#299;ba (Linki uz saist&amp;#299;tiem projektiem)]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:&amp;#20351;&amp;#29992;&amp;#25351;&amp;#21335; (&amp;#30456;&amp;#20851;&amp;#31449;&amp;#28857;&amp;#38142;&amp;#25509;)]]</text>
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'''Matluka yambulavuriswano''' i xihlawulekisi xa lemahlwemi xa Wikipediya, lexi endlaka swikoteka ku burisana hi leswi khumbaka matluka ya wikipediya na timhaka tinwana leti na va Wikipediya vanwana.

Loko uri na xivutiso hi tluka ro karhi, kumbe xivilelo kumbe vonelo rokarhi, unga endla leswi eka tluka ra '''[[Wikipedia:Talk page|mbulavuriswano]]''' ra kona. U endla leswi hi ku thlava xikombo &quot;mbulavuriswano&quot; ehenhla ka tluka. unga karhateki loko nkongomiso wuri wo tshuka; switolovelekile kutumbuluxa tluka ra mbulavulo loko ukuma leswaku a ringasi tshama ri tumbuluxiwa.

Loko u tsala vonele rintswa, ri tsale e hansi ka tluka ra mbulavuriswano. E handle ka loko u hlamula vonele ra unwana, laha u hoxa vonelo ra wena ehansi ka leri u hlamulaka rona. Hlela tsalwa ra wena hi ku hoxa hika-mbirhi(&lt;code&gt;:&lt;/code&gt;) ekusunguleni ka ntila.

U boheka ku sayina mavonele ya wena(kumbe tinhlamulo) hi ku tsala &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; leswaku u sayina hi vito ra vutirhisi, kumbe &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; leswaku u sayina hi vito ra vutirhisi na nkarhi wa vutsari(Vona bulo ra xikombiso e hansi). Hindlela leyi, loko u hlayisa matluka, nsayino wa wena wu ta titsala hi woxe. ehandle ka swona tinhlamulo na mavonele ya wena ma ta tsariwa ma ri hava vito ra wena. Vunyingi bya hina hi tirhisa nsayino lowu hlanganisaka na nkarhi wo tsala leswaku swi olova ku landzelela bulo. leswaku swiku olovela, kuvekiwe xitirhisiwa xo thlava  e henhla ka bokisi ro lulamisa lexi ngani xifaniso xa nsayino lexi hoxaka &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;--~~~~&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt; hixoxe.

Unga kuma vito ra vutirhisi hiku [[Special:Userlogin|tumbuluxa akhawunti ya wena]] (I ya mahala). Loko uri hava akhawunti, kumbe urivale kupfula u nghena, direse ya khompiyuta [[IP]] ya wena yi ta tirhisiwa e matshanwini ya vito ra vutirhisi ra wena tani hi nsayino wa wena.

== Matluka ya mbulavulo wa mutirhisi ==
mu Wikipediya unwana na unwana uni tluka ra yena ra mbulavulo, laha va wikipediya vanwana va siyaka marungula ya vona kona. Loko unwana a ku siyele rungula, u tavona xiviko lexinge 

&lt;div class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;Uni [[Wikipedia:Tutorial_(Talk_pages)#Matluka ya mbulavulo wa mutirhisi|marungula mantswa]].&lt;/div&gt;

na xikombo xo ya eka tluka ra wena ra mbulavulo.

Unga ha hlamula hiyinwe ya tindlela leti landzelaka:

1. Unga siya nhlamulo eka tluka ra mbulavulo ra loyi aku siyeleke rungula.

2. Unga hlamula eka tluka ra wena ra mbulavulo, ehansi ka rungula leri uri siyeriweke.

Ndlela yo sungula hiyona yi antswaka ngopfu hikuva yi ta siyela mutirhisi xitiviso xa rungula leri siyiweke siku leri a thlelaka a pfula a nghena laha wikipediyeni.

== Kubasisa tluka ==
Kubasias tluka ku endla leswaku bulo ri olova  no landzeleleka,no hlayeka. Maendlele laya tolovelekeke i ku hikahatela kanwe leswaku u entisa bulo ehansi ka rungula.

Kuni tindlela to tala to basisa bulo laha wikipediyeni:

=== Kuhikahata loku tolovelekeke ===
Ndlela yo olova yo basisa tluka iku hoxa [[Hika-mbirhi]] (&lt;code&gt;:&lt;/code&gt;) eku sunguleni ka ntila. Hika-mbirhi unwana na unwana u susumeta ntila exineneni. Ntila lowuntswa wu pfula ku susumeteka ka ntila.

Xikomiso:
: &lt;code&gt;Ntila lowu wu helerile kuya fikela e ximatsini.&lt;/code&gt;
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;: &lt;/nowiki&gt;Ntila lowu wu susumetekile switsanana.&lt;/code&gt;
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;:: &lt;/nowiki&gt;Ntila lowu wu susumetekeile ku hundza lowu gna henhla.&lt;/code&gt;

Swi tsala:
: Ntila lowu wu helerile kuya fikela e ximatsini..
:: Ntila lowu wu susumetekile switsanana.
::: Ntila lowu wu susumetekeile ku hundza lowu nga henhla.

===Tinhla ta tinhlavhu===
Unga basisa hi ku susumeta mintila u tirhisa tinhla ta tinkhavhu, leswi swi fanelaka nxaxamelo. leswaku u hoxa nhlavhu, tirhisa (&lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;). Ntila wu susumeteka tani hile ka nsusumeto hi hika-mbirhi.

Xikombiso xo koma:
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;* &lt;/nowiki&gt;Xosungula eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula&lt;/code&gt;
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;* &lt;/nowiki&gt;Xavumbirhi eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula&lt;/code&gt;
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;** &lt;/nowiki&gt;Xosungula eka nxaxamelo wa xiyenge xavumbirhi xa nxaxamelo wo sungula&lt;/code&gt;
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;* &lt;/nowiki&gt;Xavunharhu eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula&lt;/code&gt;

Swi tsala:
:* Xosungula eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula
:* Xavumbirhi eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula
:** Xosungula eka nxaxamelo wa xiyenge xavumbirhi xa nxaxamelo wo sungula
:* Xavunharhu eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula

=== Nxaxamelo wa nhlayo ===
Unga thlela u vumba nxaxamelo hi nhlayo, hiku tirhisa (&lt;code&gt;#&lt;/code&gt;). 

Xikombiso xo koma:
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;# &lt;/nowiki&gt;Xosungula eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula&lt;/code&gt;
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;# &lt;/nowiki&gt;Xavumbirhi eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula&lt;/code&gt;
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;## &lt;/nowiki&gt;Xosungula eka nxaxamelo wa xiyenge xavumbirhi xa nxaxamelo wo sungula&lt;/code&gt;
: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;# &lt;/nowiki&gt;Xavunharhu eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula&lt;/code&gt;

Swi tsala:
:# Xosungula eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula
:# Xavumbirhi eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula
:## Xosungula eka nxaxamelo wa xiyenge xavumbirhi xa nxaxamelo wo sungula
:# Xavunharhu eka xiyenge xo sungula xa nxaxamelo wo sungula

== Xikombiso xa bulo ==
''Lexi ixi kombiso xa bulo leri tirhisaka swi hleri leswi kumbuweke ehenla ka tluka leri:''

Xewani. Ndzini xivutiso mayelana na tluka leri. Ndzi tiva tindlopfu to rihlaza ti hanya e tikweni ra Amerika ntsena! [[Wikipedia:User page|Nwa-Ndlopfu]] 02:49, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)
: Ndzi sungula kutwa mhaka leyi hi wena. &amp;mdash; [[Wikipedia:User page|Nwa-nghala]] 17:28, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
:: Xana unga seketela mhaka leyi u yi vulaka?. [[Wikipedia:User page|Nwa-mpfundla]] 20:53, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
::: Matluka lawa ya inthaneti ma pfumelelana na mina:
:::* ''Tindlupfu nhweti na whweti''
:::* ''Tiko ra tindlopfu''
::: &amp;mdash; [[Wikipedia:User page|Nwa-Ndlopfu]] 19:09, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Loko u lava ku hoxa nxaxamelo wa nhlamulo ya wena eka bulu, uboheka ku hoxa va hikambirhi emahlweni ka ntila unwana na unwana:

U sayina marungula lawa u masiyeke hi ndlela leyi landzelaka:
* Tsala &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; kusayina hi vito ntsena ([[Wikipedia:User page|Nwa-mpfundla]]), or 
* Tsala &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; kusayina hi vito na siku ([[Wikipedia:User page|tNwa-mpfundla]] 19:09, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)), or
* Tsala &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; kusayina hi siku ntsena (19:09, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)).

== Ringetela ==
Emathsanwini yo lulamisa bokisi ra sava, siya rungula eka tluka ra mbulavulo wa bokisa ra sava, hi ku thlava eka nkongomiso wa &quot;Mbulavuriswano&quot;.  Tsundzuka ku sayina vito ra vutirhisi ra wena. Unga thlela uringeta ku hlamula rungula leri siyiweke hi unwana. Tsundzuka ku vona ku ringanisa ungasi hlayisa tluka.

&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; background-color:#f5faff; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #cedff2; margin-bottom:3px;&quot;&gt;'''Ringeta bulu ro encenyeta eka [[Wikipedia talk:Tutorial (Talk pages)|Tluka ra mbulavulo]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;BR&gt;
&lt;BR&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cedff2; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #B8C7D9;&quot;&gt;'''Yana emahlweni na vuleteri hi [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Keep in mind)|Leswi ufaneleke ku swi tekela enhlokweni]]'''&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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[[Category:Wikipedia tutorial|*6]]

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'''Tekela enhlokweni''' leswi landzelaka loko uri karhi u lulamisa laha wikipediyeni.

==Swinawana swo Lulamisa==
===Timhaka leti tsariwaka===
Timhka leti yelanaka na wikipediya leyi ntsena, hitona tibumabumeriwaka. Tsundzuka leswaku wikipediya leyi yini tindzisana tinwana leti ti nga fanelekelaka mhaka yokarhi.

Kuhlamusela marito kungaha endliwa hiku kongoma eka [[Wikt:ts:Tlukankulu|Wikixinari]] ya xitsonga.

Wikipediya yinga ha tirhiseriwa vulavisisi lebyi nthwsa. kukuma vuxokoxoko lebyi heleleke vona [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|Leswi wikipediya yingariki swona]].

===Unga teki thlelo eka mavonele ya swilo===
Papalata ku nyikela mavonelo ya swilo lawa ma tekaka thlelo loko u tsala matluka ya wikipediya.

===Kuthsaha swihlovo swa vutivi===
Unga rivali ku tsalal laha u tekeke kona vutivi lebyi ubyi nyikelaka.

===Copyrights===
UNGA RHUMERI MATSALWA LA MA SIRHELERIWEKE HANDLE KA MPFUMELELO! 

==Matikhomele==
Wikipediya yi hlohlotela no seketela moya wa kurhula no twisisana. Vatirhisi va wiki leyi va khutaziwa ku tirhisa [[Wikipedia:Civility|vumunhu]].

Kilo xa nkoka ngopfu loko u tirhisana na vanwana iku [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|ehleketelela leswinene]] hi va tirhisi kuloni. Unga teki munhu ari mubihi hi kwalaho ka rungula kumbe tsalwa rinwe leri unga ritwisisiki. Nwu siyele rungula ukombela nhlamuselo wa xiendlo xokarhi lexi u khunguvanyiseke etlukeni ra yena ra mbulavulo.

&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; background-color:#f5faff; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #cedff2; margin-bottom:3px;&quot;&gt;'''Kukuma vuxokoxoko eka mhaka leyi, Vona [[Wikipedia:Etiquette|Matikhomele]].'''&lt;/div&gt;{{-}}

==Kuchuriwa ka matluka nakambe==
Loko u hleketa leswaku tluka ari churiwanga hi ndlela leyi faneleke, yisa tluka eka tluka leri faneleka hiku tirhisa xikombo '''yisa kunwana'''. Kombela mulanguteri loko unga swikoti kuendla leswi.

&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; background-color:#f5faff; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #cedff2; margin-bottom:3px;&quot;&gt;'''Vuxokoxoko lebyi engetelekeke, hi [[Wikipedia:How to rename (move) a page|Ku chula kumbe ku yisa tluka laha rifaneleke kuva kona]].'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; background-color: #f5faff; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #cedff2;&quot;&gt;'''Kambela leswi uswi dyondzeke ake [[/sandbox/|bokisi ra sava]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
{{-}}

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cedff2; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #B8C7D9;&quot;&gt;'''Yana mahlweni ni vuleteri hi  [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Registration)|Kutsarisa]]''' &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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[[Category:Wikipedia tutorial|*7]]

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'''Kutsarisa vito ra vutirhisi''' a hixikolokolo, kambe swa bumabumeriwa ku endla tano.

Unwana na unwana anga nyikela hivutivi eka wikipediya, kunga khatariseki leswaku ulang ku tsarisa kumbe ee. Hambiswiritano u fanela ku tsarisa leswaku u kota ku tumbuluxa matluka lamantswa.

Kuni swi vangelo swinharhu leswi endlaka hi ku bumabumela kutsarisa vito ra vutirhisi:

Kuva na akhawunti laha wikipediyeni [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|swavuyerisa]], kuhlanganisa na minhlawulo no swiolovisi ku lulamisa. Xinwna xa leswi i nxaxamelo wa [[Wikipedia:Watchlist|Leswi ndzi swilanguteke]], lowu olovisaka ku vona ku cinca eka matluka lawa u matsakelaka. Xinwana i kukota ku [[Wikipedia:How to rename (move) a page|yisa matluka eka ndhzawu leyi faneleke]]. Vutisa eka [[Wikipedia:Village pump|Mpompi wa muganga]] kukuma mpfuno wa vatirhisi lava tsariseke.)

Mutirhisi loyi anga tsarisangiki u sayineriwa hi direse ya khompiyuta ya yena ya [[IP]]. Leswi swingaha hoxa khompiyuta ya wena khombyeni ro hlaseriwa hi makhamba ya inthaneti.

Xihotelela i va tirhisi lava tsariseke ntsena lava pfumeleriwaka ku kombela kuva [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Valanguteri]] (Kumbe varisi). Loko u tsarisa unga rivali vito-mpfungulo na vito ra vutirhisi rawena.

Vona [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|Hayini ndzi fanela ku titsarisa]] kukuma vuxokoxoko byinwana.


&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; background-color:#f5faff; padding: .2em .6em; border: 1px solid #cee0f2;&quot;&gt;'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&amp;type=signup Thlava laha leswaku u titsarisa]'''&lt;/div&gt;{{-}}

==Ndlela yo titsarisa==
Leswaku u titsarisa thlava xikombo [[Special:Userlogin|pfula unghena]] ehenhla ka tluka eka voko rawena ra xinene. Ungeswikoti ku cinca vito ra vutirhis loko se u ri langile, hlaya [[Wikipedia:Username|Xinawana xa mavito ya vutirhisi]] ungasi langa vito.
{{-}}
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: #cedff2; color: #000; padding: .2em .6em; font-size: 130%; border: 1px solid #B8C7D9;&quot;&gt;'''Gimeta vuleteri hi [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Wrap-up and more info)|makumu na vuxokoxoko byi nwana]]''' &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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[[Category:Wikipedia tutorial|*8]]

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Hatiyiseka leswaku utiva swilo swankoka leswi ringanaka ku kupfumelela ku pfuneta laha wikipediyene leyi ya Xitsonga. Xana una mavonele kumbe swibumabumelo hi vuleteri lebyi byo koma? Xna swikona leswei kayiveleke? Hitivise swona eka [[Wikipedia talk:Tutorial (Wrap-up and more info)|Tluka ra mbulavuriswano]]. Loko ulava mpfuno lowu engetelekeke, tluka-nkulu rampfuno u ta rikuma '''[[Help:Contents|Laha]]'''.

== Xana kuni swinwana unga swidyondzaka kutlula laha? ==			
Vuleteri lebyi byikomisiwile, kambe unga ya emahleni no dyondza hi wikipediya leyi. Landzelela minkongomiso leyi landzelaka.
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'''Switsundzuxo na vuxokoxoko byi nwana...'''
*The [[Wikipedia:FAQ|Swivutiso leswi tolovelekeke]] Ri hlamula swi vutiso leswi tolovelekeke hi swiyenge swa Wikipediya.
*[[Wikipedia:Faux pas avoidance|Faux pas]] Swihoxo leswi tolovelekeke unga swi papalataka.	 
*Xana u tiva ku nyikela kambe kungari a tivi leswi unga tsalaka ha swona? Vona [[Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|Kunyikela eka Wikipediya]] kukuma mpfuno.	 
*Dyondza hindlela leyi matluka ya timhaka ma kurisiwaka ha yona [[Wikipedia:Article development|kuhlakarherisa matluka]].
*[[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Swikombiso swa matluka ya wikipediya lamasasekeke]], hikuya hi [[Wikipedia:What is a featured article|nhlawulo lowu]].
*[[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Glossary|Nxaxamelo wa swi kombo hi viti]] &amp;mdash; Mavito ya khume lawa unga ta hlangana nawona.
{{ColBreak}}
'''Kululamisa na swi nawana swa kona...'''
*[[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|&quot;Cheatsheet&quot;]] Nxaxamelo wa tindlela to olovisa ku lulamisa.
*[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Ndlela yo lulamisa tluka]] Leyi enteke.	 
*[[Wikipedia:How to start a page|Ndlela yo sungula tluka]]	 
*[[Wikipedia:NPOV tutorial|Vuleteri hi NPOV]] ndlela yo tsala matluka hiku nga teki thlelo.	
*The [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Ntsindza wa muganga]] wu nyikela swi kongomisi swo pfuna muganga.
*[[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|Swinawana]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
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{{WP help pages (header bar)}}
__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ &lt;!--
***************************************************************************

   Do not ask your question on this page! Rather, go to one of the
   listed pages instead.

   This page is among the most visible to viewers and the rest of the web.

   Please keep it very simple. Do not make major changes without first
   achieving a consensus on the talk page:
   http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Questions)

***************************************************************************
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&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color:#cedff2; border-bottom:0px; border: 1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:center; padding-top:4px;&quot;&gt;Laha unga vutisaka kona swi vutiso kumbe ku vulavula kona
&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;!-- 3 line spacing of h2 is important for subsection edit links to work correctly, PLEASE DO NOT FIX --&gt; &lt;/noinclude&gt;

Unga kuma tinhlamula ta swivutiso swo tala eka matluka lama landzelaka:

{| 
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=== Kukuma vuxokoxoko ===
* '''[[Wikipedia:Look it up|Lava]]''' — Eka swi vutiso swo tala leswi olovaka no hatlisa i ku tirhisa [[Special:Search|bokisi ro lava]].

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;margin-left:2em;&quot;&gt;Xikombiso. leswaku u kuma ntsindza wa Afrika dzonga, tsala ''Afrika dzonga'' eka bokisi leringe ximatsini ivi u thlava ''Lava''.&lt;/span&gt;
* '''[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Ntsindza wa mintshaho]]''' — Eka swivutiso leswi yelanaka ni vutivi (hi swinwana na swinwana handle ka vutivi byo tirhisa wikipediya) unga vutisa vapfuneti vo tirhanzela.

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;margin-left:2em;&quot;&gt; Hixikombiso. ''&quot;I tiko rihi leri ngani maboti yo tsheva lama kulu ngopfu?&quot;''&lt;/span&gt;
:[[Wikipedia:Reference desk/Computing|Khompiyuta]] - [[Wikipedia:Reference desk/Entertainment|Ku ti tsakisa]] - [[Wikipedia:Reference desk/Language|Ririmi]] - [[Wikipedia:Reference desk/Humanities|leswi yelanaka na vanhu]] - [[Wikipedia:Reference desk/Mathematics|Tinhlayo]] - [[Wikipedia:Reference desk/Science|ntivo-vuthlarhi]] - [[Wikipedia:Reference desk/Miscellaneous|Swinwana na swinwana]]
| style=&quot;width:50%; background:#F5FAFF;&quot;|
=== Ndlela yo tirhisa Wikipediya ===
{{shortcut|WP:?|WP:Q|WP:DESK}}
* '''[[Wikipedia:FAQ|FAQ]]''' — Swivutiso leswi tolovelekeke leswi yelanaka na Wikipediya
* '''[[Wikipedia:Advice for parents|Switsundzuxo eka vatsari]]''' - Vuxokoxoko hi Wikipediya eka vatswari kumbe vahlayisi.
* '''[[Help:Contents|Nxaxamelo wa mpfuno]]''' — vuxokoxoko hi ku tirhisa Wikipediya.

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;margin-left:2em;&quot;&gt; Xikombiso. ''&quot;Ndzi hoxisa ku yini xifaniso eka tluka ra mhaka?&quot;''&lt;/span&gt;
* '''[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Ntsindza wa mpfuno]]''' — Ndhzawu yo vutisa vapfuneti vo tirandzela swi vutiso hi ku tirhisa no lulamisa Wikipediya.
*'''[[Wikipedia:New contributors' help page|Tluka ra mpfuno ra Vanyikeri lava nthswa]]''' — Vukorhokeri byo hlamula swi vutiso swa lava sungulaka ku tirhisa wikipediya.
*'''[[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions|Media copyright]]''' — Ndzhawu yo vutisa swi vutiso hi mhaka leyi hiku kongoma
|-
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=== Kuvutisa swivutiso kumbe swisolo na swibumabumelo ===
* Tluka rinwana na rinwana rina '''[[Wikipedia:Talk page|tluka ra mbulavuriswano]]''' — thlava eka '''''mbulavuriswano''''' wa '''tluka''' ehenhla ka tluka &amp;mdash; leswaku u vuitsa kumbe ku pota ku onha luku endliweke.
* '''[[Wikipedia:Village pump|Pompi wa muganga]]''' i ndzhawu ya  '''mabulu ya swa vuthekiniki na swivutiso swinwana'''.
| style=&quot;width:50%; background:#F5FAFF;&quot;|
=== IRC — Ndzhawu yo bhula ya inthaneti hi ta mpfuno ===
U amukelekile ku vutisa eka tluka ra inthaneti ra wikipediya eka [[Internet Relay Chat|IRC]]. Loko uri na [[Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients|IRC]] unga nghenela mbulavulo eka [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia-en-help '''#wikipedia-en-help'''] (musele wa mbulavulo wa vatirhisi va Wikipediya hi xinghezi) kumbe [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia '''#wikipedia'''] (mabulo manwana na manwana hi Wikipediya). '''[[Wikipedia:IRC channels|Misele ya IRC]]''' ya wikipediya ya kumeka eka [[freenode]].
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;

'''Tinhla ta nkoka:'''
* Wikipediya yi ekiwe hi vatirhi lava nga hakeriwiki votirhandzela.
* Kuhava vukorhokeri byo &quot;tsala&quot; kumbe vatirhi lava thoriweke ku langutisa swivilelo swa timhaka letinga eka matluka ya wikipediya(ntshaho, kutiyiseka ka mhaka, naswinwana.).
* Tsala swivilelo hinkwaswo swi kongomisiwa eka nstindza wa ntshaho lowu faneleke kumbe tluka ra mbulvuriswano tani hileswi hlamuseriweke.
* '''A hinge hlamuli swivilelo naswi vutiso leswi rhumeriwaka eka ti e-mail ta munhu hi yexe.'''
* '''Unga rhumeri e-mail eka wikipediya ulava matsalwa, vumbangu kumbe tinomboro ta riqingo ta tinqambhi kumbe khampani yokarhi'''.

''Unga tsali xivutiso xa wena eka tluka leri.''
|}
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[[id:Wikipedia:Pertanyaan]]
[[mk:Википедија:Прашања]]
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      <comment>robot  Removing: ar, bg, br, ca, cs, da, es, fa, fr, is, it, ka, kk, ko, mi, nl, pl, pt, ro, ru, sl, sr, su, tl, tr, uk, uz</comment>
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{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; border:1px #A3B1BF solid;&quot;
|-
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&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin:.5em; margin-top:.1em; border-bottom:0; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Xikombo xa A–Z&lt;/h2&gt;
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{{Shortcut|WP:QI}}
software ya [[MediaWiki]] yi [[case sensitive|tiyisisa]] marito: Tluka leringe ehansi ka &lt;code&gt;AA&lt;/code&gt; Ri hambana ngopfu na matluka lamage ehansi ka &lt;code&gt;Aa&lt;/code&gt;.  Eka tluka rinwana ni rinwana ra xikombo, ''xitaliki'' xivula [[Wikipedia:Redirect|vukongomisi]]. Ku langutisa xikombo eka ndhzawu leyi hlawulekeke, ''tirhisa''  '''''[[Portal:Contents|Leswinga-ndzeni]]'''''.

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:105%;&quot;&gt;'''Minxaxamelo'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;!--Overview/format-related:--&gt;
[[Portal:Contents/Overviews|Overviews]]{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/Lists of topics|Tinhloko-mhaka]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;([[Portal:Contents/Lists of basic topics|To olova]])&lt;/span&gt;{{·}} 
[[List of academic disciplines|Tidyondzo ta vuleteri]]{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/List of glossaries|Swikombandlela]]{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/Portals|Portals]]{{·}} 
[[Portal:Contents/Categorical index|Swiyenge]]&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;!--Places/people/time-related:--&gt;
[[Lists of countries|Matiko]]{{·}} 
[[Lists of people|Vanhu]]{{·}} 
[[List of timelines|Minkarhi]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;([[List of centuries|Magidi-malembe]]{{·}}
[[List of decades|Makume-malembe]])&lt;/span&gt;{{·}} 
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[[Portal:Current events|Swiendlakalo swa sweswinyana]]{{·}} 
[[Deaths in {{CURRENTYEAR}}|Mafu ya lembe leri]]

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:105%;&quot;&gt;'''Indices'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
[[List of Dewey Decimal classes|Dewey classes]]{{·}}
[[Library of Congress Classification|LOC classes]]{{·}}
[[Portal:Contents/Quick index|Xikombo A–Z]]
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==See also==
* [[Template:Contents pages (header bar)]]
* [[Template:List resources]]

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&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-size:16pt&quot;&gt;Featured content in Wikipedia&lt;/h2&gt;
[[File:Cscr-featured.svg|right|40px|The featured content star]]
Tluka ra swinavetiso ri kombisa vuxongi bya wikipediya. Lowu i nxaxamelo wa matluka ya timhaka, swifaniso, na minyikelo yinwana leyi kombaka ntirho lowu nene wa nhlanganyelo lowu endliweke laha wikipediyeni. Matluka hinkwawo yo navetisa ma kamberiwa hiku hetelela naswona mabasisiwa manga si kombiwa laha tlukeni leri. Xinyeletana xo hlawuleka ([[File:Cscr-featured.svg|14px|Xinyeletana xo hlawuleka]]) ehenhla ka tluka leri hlawuriweke hile xinenene xikombisa leswaku itluka leri bumabumeriweke.

Tluka leri i ra ku kongomisa kuya eka matluka lamahlawuriweke kuva swinavetiso laha wikipediyeni naswona ku hlawuriwa rinwe eka nxaxamelo wa matluka lama bumabumeriweke, siku na siku leswaku ri kombiwa. unga vona tluka ra xinavetiso leri landzelaka {{purge|tluka rinwana}}.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; unga vona matluka ya swinavetiso lamanga kona eka minyangwa nkulu yinwana [[Portal:Featured content/Wikimedia|minyangwa nkulu yinwana]] ya wiki.
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[[Category:Wikipedia featured content|Featured content]]
[[Category:Portals|Featured content]]
[[Category:Contents|Featured content]]</text>
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&lt;div style=&quot;top:+0.2em; text-align:center; font-size:95%;&quot;&gt;[[encyclopediya|Ensayitlopediya]] yo tshunxeka leyi [[Wikipedia:Introduction|lulamisiwaka&amp;nbsp;hi&amp;nbsp;mani na mani]].&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;articlecount&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Ku na '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}}]]''' wa vatirhisi lava hitekaka, na '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]''' wa matsalwa hi [[Xitsonga|Xitsonga]]&lt;/div&gt;
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|style=&quot;font-size:95%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;| [[Wikipedia:About|Nkomiso]]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Ku lulamisa]]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Wikipedia:Questions|Swivutiso]]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Help:Contents|Mpfuno]]
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[[Portal:Contents|Leswi nga ndzeni]]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|Mitlawa]]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Featured content|Swinavetiso]]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents/Quick index|Xikombandlela A–Z]]
|}{{Main Page banner}}

{| width=100% cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#F1FAFF;&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;background:#E3E4FA; border:1px solid #eeeeee; text-align:center;&quot;  | 
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:120%&quot;&gt;[[Image:Flag of South Africa.svg|35px|:Afrika Dzonga]] [[Image:Flag of Mozambique.svg|35px]] [[Image:Flag of Swaziland.svg|35px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg|35px]] &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background:#E3E4FA; text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Vutsonga i Vukosi. Thimbya-rimbya! Ku veleka vukosi!''&lt;/small&gt;.&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--        TODAY'S FEATURED CONTENT        --&gt;
{| id=&quot;mp-upper&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;&quot;
&lt;!--        TODAY'S FEATURED ARTICLE; DID YOU KNOW        --&gt;
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! style=&quot;padding:2px;&quot; | &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Tsalwa ra siku...&lt;/h2&gt;
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|-
| style=&quot;color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;&quot; | &lt;div id=&quot;mp-dyk&quot;&gt;{{Today's featured picture}}&lt;/div&gt;
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| style=&quot;border:1px solid transparent;&quot; |
&lt;!--        PIC OF THE DAY        --&gt;
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{| id=&quot;mp-right&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&quot;
! style=&quot;padding:2px;&quot; | &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-itn-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Matluka lama hlawuriweke&lt;/h2&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;color:#000; padding:2px 5px;&quot; | &lt;div id=&quot;mp-itn&quot;&gt;{{Featured Articles}}&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;padding:2px;&quot; | &lt;h2 id=&quot;mp-dyk-h2&quot; style=&quot;margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Mitsengo yo hlawuleka&lt;/h2&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;color:#000; padding:2px 5px 5px;&quot; | &lt;div id=&quot;mp-dyk&quot;&gt;{{Vital-Stats}}&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{| width=100% cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;background:#F1FAFF;&quot;
|-
&lt;!--      SECTIONS AT BOTTOM OF PAGE        --&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;mpbanner&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:100%;width: 100%; background-color:#FAFAFA; padding: .2em 0; border: 1px solid #BFB1A3; color: #000; margin-top:+.2em;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica&quot;&gt;{{Wikipedia-Africa}}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;mpbanner&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:100%;width: 100%; background-color:#E3E4FA; padding: .2em 0; border: 1px solid #BFB1A3; color: #000; margin-top:+.2em;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica&quot;&gt;{{Wikipediasister}}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!--        INTERWIKI STRAPLINE TO BE ADDED AT A LATER STAGE       --&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt; &lt;/noinclude&gt;__NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Sitenotice</title>
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    <title>Wikipedia:Tutorial (Editing)/sandbox</title>
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&lt;!-- Tsala e hansi ka laha --&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Unga khumbi tluka leri ra sava</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>8059</id>
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      <text bytes="4500" sha1="6ugaswx0kwelpvhq8z2khu5xwotrput" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;
{| class=&quot;messagebox protected&quot; style=&quot;border:2px solid #99B; padding:0px; font-size:0.9em;&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | [[Image:Padlock.svg|45px| ]]
| '''This page should NOT be used for ''testing purposes''.''' This page acts ''only'' as a transclusion for [[Wikipedia:Sandbox]]. For that reason, testers who wish to experiment should test their edits at [[Wikipedia:Sandbox]], ''not'' here. This page should ''only'' be edited if the ''Sandbox Header'' needs modification(s).
|}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border:1px dotted #000000;padding:2px;margin:2px;&quot;
| ''Ha ku amukela eka  '''Bokisi ra sava ra Wikipediya'''! Tluka leri ri tirhiseriwa ku ringeta swilo leswi uswi dyondzeke. Leswaku u lulamisa, thlava '''[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} laha]''' kumbe '''Lulamisa''' ehenhla, endla ndzulamiso wawena ivi u thlava '''Hlayisa tluka''' loko uhetile. Leswi uswi tsaleke a swi nge tsameli makumu; tluka leri ra tisula endzhaku ka ti '''tiawara to khume-mbirhi.'' 

''Unga hoxi marito ya nhlambha kumbe matsalwa lama sirheleriweke laha mabokisini lawa ya sava. Loko uri ni xivutiso hi ta [[Wikipediya]], Vutisa xivutiso xa wena [[Wikipedia:Help desk|laha]] kumbe eka [[Wikipedia:Village pump|Mpopi wa muganga]]. Khanimambo!'' 

:''Leswaku u twisisa matirhiselo ya tibokisi ta sava [[sandbox|hlaya tsalwa leri]].

''Unga ha tirhisa na swi vumbiwa-ntirho leswi'' 
&lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt; 
[[Template:X1|X1]], [[Template:X2|X2]], [[Template:X3|X3]] na [[Template:X4|X4]]&lt;/font&gt; Leswaku u ringetela.&lt;br/&gt; 

''Vona tibokisi tinwana:'' &lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;[[Wikipedia:Sandbox|Bokisi-nkulu ra sava]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Editing)/sandbox|Bokisi ra sava ra vuleteri 1]] | [[Wikipedia:Tutorial (Formatting)/sandbox|Bokisi ra sava ra vuleteri 2]]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Leswaku uti endlela bokisa ra sava rawena nwini [[Wikipedia:User page|Hlaya laha]].''
|
{| style=&quot;background-color: transparent;&quot;
|-
|&lt;!-- Shortcut Here --&gt;
|-
|&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid black; text-align: center; padding:5px; font-size: small; background: #eeeeee; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt; 
More info:&lt;br&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Introduction|Xingheniso xa Wikipediya]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Wikipedia:About the Sandbox|Ta bokisi ra sava]]&lt;br&gt; 
[[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Vuleteri byo Lulamisa]]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;/sub&gt;
&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Sandbox templates]]
&lt;!--Sandbox for other languages of Wikipedia--&gt;&lt;!--
[[af:Wikipedia:Sandput]]
[[als:Wikipedia:Spielwiese]]
[[ang:Wikipedia:Sandbox]]
[[ar:Wikipedia:Sandbox]] 
[[bg:&amp;#1059;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1082;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1087;&amp;#1077;&amp;#1076;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1103;:&amp;#1055;&amp;#1103;&amp;#1089;&amp;#1098;&amp;#1095;&amp;#1085;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1082;]] 
[[bn:Wikipedia:Sandbox]] 
[[ca:Viquipèdia:Pàgina de proves]] 
[[cs:Wikipedie:P%C3%ADskovi%C5%A1t%C4%9B]]
[[cy:Wicipedia:Bocs_swnd]]
[[da:Wikipedia:Sandkassen]]
[[de:Wikipedia:Spielwiese]]
[[el:Wikipedia:&amp;#913;&amp;#956;&amp;#956;&amp;#959;&amp;#948;&amp;#959;&amp;#967;&amp;#949;&amp;#943;&amp;#959;]]
[[eo:Vikipedio:Testejo]]
[[es:Wikipedia:Zona de pruebas]]
[[fi:Wikipedia:Hiekkalaatikko]]
[[fr:Wikipédia:Bac à sable]]
[[fy:Wikipedy:Kladblok]]
[[ga:Vicipid:Clár dubh]]
[[gd:Tigh-cluiche]]
[[he:ויקיפדיה:ארגז חול]]
[[hu:Wikipédia:Homokozó]]
[[ia:Wikipedia:Sabliera]]
[[id:Wikipedia:Bak pasir]]
[[it:Wikipedia:Sandbox]]
[[ja:Wikipedia:&amp;#12469;&amp;#12531;&amp;#12489;&amp;#12508;&amp;#12483;&amp;#12463;&amp;#12473;]]
[[ko:&amp;#50948;&amp;#53412;&amp;#48177;&amp;#44284;:&amp;#47784;&amp;#47000;&amp;#49345;&amp;#51088;]]
[[la:Wikipedia:Pagina experimentalis]]
[[li:Wikipedia:Zandjbak]]
[[mg:Wikipedia:Fasika toerana]]
[[mi:Wikipedia:Papa t&amp;#257;karo]]
[[ml:Wikipedia:Sandbox]]
[[ms:Sandbox]]
[[na:Wikipedia:Era&amp;#361rõ egato]]
[[nds:Wikipedia:Speelwisch]]
[[nl:Wikipedia:Zandbak]]
[[nn:Wikipedia:Sankasse]]
[[no:Wikipedia:Sandkasse]] 
[[pl:Wikipedia:Brudnopis]]
[[pt:Wikipedia:Página de testes]] 
[[ro:Wikipedia:Cutia cu nisip]] 
[[ru:&amp;#1042;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1082;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1087;&amp;#1077;&amp;#1076;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1103;:&amp;#1055;&amp;#1077;&amp;#1089;&amp;#1086;&amp;#1095;&amp;#1085;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1094;&amp;#1072;]] 
[[si:Wikipedia:Peskovnik]] 
[[simple:Wikipedia:Sandbox]]
[[sr:&amp;#1042;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1082;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1087;&amp;#1077;&amp;#1076;&amp;#1080;&amp;#1112;&amp;#1072;:&amp;#1055;&amp;#1077;&amp;#1089;&amp;#1072;&amp;#1082;]]
[[sq:Wikipedia:Livadhi]] 
[[sh:Wikipedia:Eksperimenti]]
[[sv:Wikipedia:Sandlådan]]
[[th:&amp;#3623;&amp;#3636;&amp;#3585;&amp;#3636;&amp;#3614;&amp;#3637;&amp;#3648;&amp;#3604;&amp;#3637;&amp;#3618;:&amp;#3585;&amp;#3619;&amp;#3632;&amp;#3610;&amp;#3632;&amp;#3607;&amp;#3619;&amp;#3634;&amp;#3618;]] 
[[tr:Vikipedi:Deneme tahtası]]
[[vi:Wikipedia:Ch%E1%BB%97_th%E1%BB%AD]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:&amp;#27801;&amp;#30418;]]
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>New page: {{Unga khumbi tluka leri ra sava}} &lt;!-- Tsala e hansi ka laha --&gt;</comment>
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&lt;!-- Tsala e hansi ka laha --&gt;</text>
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      <comment>New page: {{Unga khumbi tluka leri ra sava}} &lt;!-- Tsala e hansi ka laha --&gt;</comment>
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&lt;!-- Tsala e hansi ka laha --&gt;</text>
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      <comment>New page: {{Unga khumbi tluka leri ra sava}} &lt;!-- Tsala e hansi ka laha --&gt;</comment>
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&lt;!-- Tsala e hansi ka laha --&gt;</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>robot Removing: [[tt:Säläm, Yaña Kilgännär]] (deleted), [[cs:Wikipedie:Vítej ve Wikipedii]] (deleted), [[nds:Infos För Niege]] (deleted)</comment>
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{{WP help pages (header bar)}}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;&quot;
| width=&quot;55%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; margin:0;&quot; | 
{{Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia/box-header|&lt;big&gt;Hakuhoyozela laha Wikipediyeni ya Xitsonga...&lt;/big&gt;|Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia/Intro|}}
{{Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia/Intro}}
{{Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia/box-footer|}}

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;float:right;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Welcoming_committee/Welcome_to_Wikipedia&amp;action=purge refresh page/purge cache]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br clear=both&gt;
== See also ==
* [[Wikipedia:About|Ta Wikipediya]]
* [[Wikipedia:Welcoming committee|Komiti yo amukela]]
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Wikipedia help| ]]
[[Category:Wikipedia_basic_information| ]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

[[id:Wikipedia:Selamat datang]]
[[ms:Wikipedia:Selamat Datang]]
[[bs:Wikipedia:Dobrodošli]]
[[ca:Viquipèdia:Benvinguts a la viquipèdia]]
[[da:Wikipedia:Velkommen nybegynder]]
[[de:Wikipedia:Willkommen]]
[[es:Wikipedia:Bienvenidos]]
[[eo:Vikipedio:Bonvenon al la Vikipedio]]
[[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:تازه‌واردان، خوش آمدید]]
[[fr:Wikipédia:Accueil des nouveaux arrivants]]
[[ia:Wikipedia:Benvenite]]
[[it:Aiuto:Benvenuto]]
[[lb:Wikipedia:Wëllkomm]]
[[lt:Pagalba:Sveiki atvykę į Laisvąją enciklopediją!]]
[[mn:Wikipedia:Википедиад Тавтай морилно уу]]
[[nl:Wikipedia:Welkom voor nieuwelingen]]
[[ja:Wikipedia:新規参加者の方、ようこそ]]
[[ka:ვიკიპედია:კეთილი იყოს თქვენი მობრძანება]]
[[ko:위키백과:환영합니다]] 
[[pl:Wikipedia:Powitanie nowicjuszy]]
[[pt:Wikipedia:Boas-vindas]]
[[ro:Wikipedia:Bun venit]]
[[rmy:Vikipidiya:Mishto avilyan]]
[[sl:Wikipedija:Dobrodošli, novinci]]
[[sr:Википедија:Добродошли]]
[[sv:Wikipedia:Välkommen]]
[[uk:Вікіпедія:Ласкаво просимо]]
[[yi:װיקיפּעדיע:ברוכים הבאים]]
[[zh-cn:Wikipedia:欢迎，新来者]]
[[zh-tw:Wikipedia:歡迎，新來者]]</text>
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      <text bytes="193" sha1="mhtjdrmxw7i6nvnl6xaee53zux8kg61" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;{{{1|}}}&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia/Intro</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8068</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-21T15:13:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Image:Contactus-wmcolors.png|left|60px]] {{shortcut|WP:WEL|WP:WELCOME|WP:COME}} [[Image:welcomebanner.gif|130px]] eka '''[[Wikipediya]]''' leyi ya Xitsonga!  Hi tsaka ngopfu kuva nawena....</comment>
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      <text bytes="1313" sha1="6aa7la9yrz303hk436jdy179n3ndz4x" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Contactus-wmcolors.png|left|60px]]
{{shortcut|WP:WEL|WP:WELCOME|WP:COME}}
[[Image:welcomebanner.gif|130px]] eka '''[[Wikipediya]]''' leyi ya Xitsonga!

Hi tsaka ngopfu kuva nawena. Hi tsakisiwa hi ku ti yimisela ka wena ku pfuneta ku hlakarherisa wikkipediya leyi. Hi ku navelela ntsako eka ku pfuneta na ku tikharhata ka wena tani hilewsi na hina hinga nawona eku pfuneteni laha. Tani hi mupfuneti muntswa unga ha nwokisiwa mongo hi kutala ka matluka ya ti mhaka laha wikipediyeni leyi. Rhurisa moya wa wena, unga kharhateki, swilo wsi ta ku olovela loko nkarhi wuri karhhi wuya. Loko utikuma u lava ku pfuniwa, va wikipediya lavangani ntokoto va tshama vari kona naswona va lunghekele ku ku pfuna. Hi hoxile minkongomiso yinwan ku ku pfuna swa sweswi. Famba hi famba naswona u tiphina.  -- ''Komiti yo amukela ya Wikipediya''

: Ndhzawu yinwana laha unga sugnulaka kona '''[[Help:Contents/Getting started|Masungulo]]'''.

: Ungarivali ku [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sayina]] eka matluka yambulavulo hi ku tirhisa (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); leswaku vito ravutirhisi ra wena na siku ro lulamis switi tsala.

Loko utshika utikuma unga tiphini hi mhaka yo karhi, va pfuneti lava votirhandzela vakona lewsaku va pfuna vatirhisi lavantswa:
* [[Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/members|Vatinyiketeri]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:/current</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8110</id>
      <parentid>8088</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T07:55:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>8110</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1697" sha1="4d3r1sqd5mgfo7vipfk8pu08u815p8i" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
{|style=&quot;border-spacing:8px;margin:2px -8px; background-color:transparent;&quot;
| class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;background-color:#f5fffa;vertical-align:top;color:#000&quot;|
{|width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5fffa&quot;
! &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin:0;background-color:#cef2e0;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;''[[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Tluka ra xinavetiso]]: {{{1|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}''&lt;/h2&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;color:#000&quot;|{{Ha aka}}
|-
|}&lt;!-- Start of right-column --&gt;
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; width=&quot;200px&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;border:1px solid #BFA3B1; vertical-align:top; background-color:#FFF5FA&quot;
! &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin:0;background-color:#F2CEE0;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #BFA3B1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;''[[Wikipedia:Featured portals|Nyangwa-nkulu wa xinavetiso]]''&lt;/h2&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;color:#000;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;center&gt;{{Wikipedia:Featured content/Portals}}&lt;/center&gt;
|}
{| class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; width=&quot;200px&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;margin:8px 0 0 0; border:1px solid #B1BFA3; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background-color:#F2F2F2&quot;
! &lt;h2 style=&quot;margin:0;background-color:#BFBFBF;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #B1BFA3;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;''[[Wikipedia:Featured sounds|Mpfumawulo wa xinavetiso]]''&lt;/h2&gt;
|-
| &lt;imagemap&gt;Image:Gnome-speakernotes.png|50px
rect 0 0 100 100 [[Wikipedia:Media help]]
desc none
&lt;/imagemap&gt;
{{Wikipedia:Featured content/Sounds}}
|}
|}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Featured content/Portals</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2616</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8120</id>
      <parentid>8118</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T08:25:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>8120</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2080" sha1="4sxrf0mxo94cuc9uludw5qn5ivab1j9" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{:Portal:Featured content/Portals}}&lt;br&gt;
{{Purge|Vona nyangwa-nkulu wunwana wo navetisa}}

== Featured portals included here ==
When adding a '''''new''''' portal, please be sure to update the &quot;max&quot; value in the &quot;#switch:&quot; function as well.
&lt;!--
New entries should be added after the last '&lt;/big&gt; at the bottom of this list in the format:

&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;PORTALNUMBER&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:PORTALIMAGE|100x100px|PORTALNAME
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:PORTALNAME]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:PORTALNAME|PORTALNAME]]'''&lt;/big&gt;

Only the 'PORTALNUMBER', 'PORTALIMAGE', and 'PORTALNAME' values need to be changed in most cases. In some instances a different size than 100x100px may be needed.

--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch: {{#expr: {{rand|{{{max|5}}}|{{mod|{{#time:U}}|{{{seed|17}}}}} }} + 1}}
|&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{MultiCol}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;1&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:P vip.svg|100x100px|Vanhu
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:Biography|Vanhu]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:Biography|Vanhu]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;2&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:P_culture.svg|100x100px|Vuqambhi
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:Arts|Vuqambhi]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:Arts|Vuqambhi]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;3&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:Nuvola_filesystems_www.png|100x100px|Ntivo-mbangu
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:Geography|Ntivo-mbangu]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:Geography|Ntivo-mbangu]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;4&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:P_history.png|100x100px|Matimu
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:History|Matimu]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:History|Matimu]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;5&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg|100x100px|Ntivo-vuthlarhi
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:Science|Ntivo-vuthlarhi]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:Science|Ntivo-vuthlarhi]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{EndMultiCol}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Purge</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2617</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8090</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T07:05:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; id=&quot;purgelink&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=purge}} {{{1|Purge}}}]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage...</comment>
      <origin>8090</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="216" sha1="rlnt96cmdmb53q8w43cqtgyq5ff820y" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; id=&quot;purgelink&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=purge}} {{{1|Purge}}}]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rlnt96cmdmb53q8w43cqtgyq5ff820y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Featured content/Portals</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2618</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8119</id>
      <parentid>8117</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T08:24:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>8119</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2061" sha1="mfowz9iyvni829p11rx2v0if0y66fs5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{:Portal:Featured content/Portals}}&lt;br&gt;
{{Purge|Vona nyangwa unwana}}

== Featured portals included here ==
When adding a '''''new''''' portal, please be sure to update the &quot;max&quot; value in the &quot;#switch:&quot; function as well.
&lt;!--
New entries should be added after the last '&lt;/big&gt; at the bottom of this list in the format:

&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;PORTALNUMBER&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:PORTALIMAGE|100x100px|PORTALNAME
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:PORTALNAME]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:PORTALNAME|PORTALNAME]]'''&lt;/big&gt;

Only the 'PORTALNUMBER', 'PORTALIMAGE', and 'PORTALNAME' values need to be changed in most cases. In some instances a different size than 100x100px may be needed.

--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch: {{#expr: {{rand|{{{max|5}}}|{{mod|{{#time:U}}|{{{seed|17}}}}} }} + 1}}
|&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{MultiCol}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;1&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:P vip.svg|100x100px|Vanhu
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:Biography|Vanhu]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:Biography|Vanhu]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;2&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:P_culture.svg|100x100px|Vuqambhi
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:Arts|Vuqambhi]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:Arts|Vuqambhi]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;3&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:Nuvola_filesystems_www.png|100x100px|Ntivo-mbangu
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:Geography|Ntivo-mbangu]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:Geography|Ntivo-mbangu]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;4&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:P_history.png|100x100px|Matimu
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:History|Matimu]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:History|Matimu]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;5&lt;includeonly&gt;=&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg|100x100px|Ntivo-vuthlarhi
rect 0 0 9000 9000 [[Portal:Science|Ntivo-vuthlarhi]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Portal:Science|Ntivo-vuthlarhi]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{EndMultiCol}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mfowz9iyvni829p11rx2v0if0y66fs5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mod</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2619</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25719</id>
      <parentid>25195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-11T10:36:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legobot</username>
        <id>2760</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 268 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611452]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25719</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="379" sha1="awzt9f37znrhbugnhtmlpwejeon60pj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{subst|}}}#ifexpr:({{{2}}})=0|0|{{{{{subst|}}}#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))=((({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))round 0)|0|{{{{{subst|}}}#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))&gt;0 and(({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))&lt;1|{{{{{subst|}}}#expr:{{{1}}}}}|{{{{{subst|}}}#expr:({{{1}}})-((((({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))-0.5)round 0)*({{{2}}}))}}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation, template}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>awzt9f37znrhbugnhtmlpwejeon60pj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:/SetDate</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2620</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8099</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T07:32:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{#switch: {{#expr:floor (1360 * ((({{NUMBEROFUSERS:R}} + {{CURRENTSECOND}}) mod 10)/10 + ({{NUMBEROFARTICLES:R}} mod 10)/100 + ({{NUMBEROFFILES:R}} mod 10)/1000 + ({{CURRENTMINUTE}} mod 1...</comment>
      <origin>8099</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="281" sha1="sxfdqg6lubxrrsj53uuarimt8gkc509" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch: {{#expr:floor (1360 * ((({{NUMBEROFUSERS:R}} + {{CURRENTSECOND}}) mod 10)/10 + ({{NUMBEROFARTICLES:R}} mod 10)/100 + ({{NUMBEROFFILES:R}} mod 10)/1000 + ({{CURRENTMINUTE}} mod 10)/10000)) + 1}}
|1=Mhawuri 22, 2008
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}
}}</text>
      <sha1>sxfdqg6lubxrrsj53uuarimt8gkc509</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:CURRENTMINUTE</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2621</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8101</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T07:37:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{subst|}}}#time:i}}&lt;noinclude&gt;  {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{Documentation}} &lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt; ...</comment>
      <origin>8101</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="199" sha1="a75ffklw0lirgoaycgn3dd1joanwr6p" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{subst|}}}#time:i}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:CURRENTSECOND</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2622</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25563</id>
      <parentid>25100</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T23:00:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 23 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6490198]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25563</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="978" sha1="1ibgba08opi9fstq5x6soekzomtbvzx" xml:space="preserve">{{{{{subst|}}}#time:s}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
----
This template extracts the current integer second on two digits (between 00 and 59) from the current UTC time (as set on the Wikimedia server).
The shown value should match the rightmost two digits of {{CURRENTTIMESTAMP}}.
; Syntax&amp;#58;
: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
: Use {&amp;#123;subst:{{PAGENAME}}|subst=subst:&amp;#125;} to substitute the current second.
; Formula&amp;#58;
: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#expr:s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
: {&amp;#123;subst:{{PAGENAME}}&amp;#125;} copies this code ready for [[Help:Substitution#Optional_substitution|optional substitution]] into another template.
; Warning&amp;#58;
: Pages asking for the current second often also need other parts of {{evaldemo|CURRENTTIMESTAMP|s==}}, and different &quot;current&quot; templates and variables can reflect different timestamps near hh:mm:59.
; See also&amp;#58;
: {{Lts|CURRENTMINUTE}}
: {{Lts|CURRENTSECOND}}

[[Category:Date-computing templates based on current time|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Featured content/Sounds</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2623</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8103</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T07:46:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;center&gt;{{purge|'''Click here to reload'''}}&lt;/center&gt; {|&lt;/noinclude&gt; {{#switch: {{#expr:floor (18 * ((({{NUMBEROFUSERS:R}} + {{#time: s}}) mod 10)/10 + ({{NUMBEROFARTICLES:R}} m...</comment>
      <origin>8103</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="301" sha1="d0tme7eqnimq17nar067ux03lkniive" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;center&gt;{{purge|'''Click here to reload'''}}&lt;/center&gt;
{|&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{#switch: {{#expr:floor (18 * ((({{NUMBEROFUSERS:R}} + {{#time: s}}) mod 10)/10 + ({{NUMBEROFARTICLES:R}} mod 10)/100 + ({{NUMBEROFFILES:R}} mod 10)/1000 + ({{#time: i}} mod 10)/10000)) + 1}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
|}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d0tme7eqnimq17nar067ux03lkniive</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Portals</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2624</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8104</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T07:47:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: -</comment>
      <origin>8104</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6za6z27cqk2qatlebqsiz85czbjf3rd" xml:space="preserve">-</text>
      <sha1>6za6z27cqk2qatlebqsiz85czbjf3rd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Contents</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2625</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8105</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-22T07:47:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: m</comment>
      <origin>8105</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>New page: o</comment>
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      <timestamp>2008-08-22T08:04:02Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>New page: {| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background:transparent;&quot; |[[Image:Crystal Clear action configure.png|50px]] |&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Tluka leri ra hari ku akiweni'''&lt;/big&gt; |[[Image:Crys...</comment>
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|[[Image:Crystal Clear action configure.png|50px]]
|&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Tluka leri ra hari ku akiweni'''&lt;/big&gt;
|[[Image:Crystal Clear action configure.png|50px]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot;|
Hilehisele mbilu, tluka leri rahari ku akiweni. Wikipediya ya hina ya ha kasa, loko hi tsarile no basisa matluka ya hina laha wikipediyeni leyi, hita hoxo lawa mabumabumeriweke eka tluka leri. Unga pfunisa ku fikelela pakani leyi hi ku sungula kumbe ku hlakarherisa matluka ya wikipediya leyi ya xitsonga.
&lt;BR&gt;
&lt;BR&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;***&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;Hikhensa kutikarhata ka wena eku pfuneni ku aka wikipediya leyi&lt;/p&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;both&quot;/&gt;</text>
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}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|, |&amp;nbsp;and }} [[:{{{2}}}|{{{l2|{{{2}}}}}}]]
}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|, |,&amp;nbsp;and }} [[:{{{3}}}|{{{l3|{{{3}}}}}}]]
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}}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|{{#if:{{{8|}}}|, |,&amp;nbsp;and }} [[:{{{7}}}|{{{l7|{{{7}}}}}}]]
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}}{{#if:{{{11|}}}|{{#if:{{{12|}}}|, |,&amp;nbsp;and }} [[:{{{11}}}|{{{l11|{{{11}}}}}}]]
}}{{#if:{{{12|}}}|{{#if:{{{13|}}}|, |,&amp;nbsp;and }} [[:{{{12}}}|{{{l12|{{{12}}}}}}]]
}}{{#if:{{{13|}}}|{{#if:{{{14|}}}|, |,&amp;nbsp;and }} [[:{{{13}}}|{{{l13|{{{13}}}}}}]]
}}{{#if:{{{14|}}}|{{#if:{{{15|}}}|, |,&amp;nbsp;and }} [[:{{{14}}}|{{{l14|{{{14}}}}}}]]
}}{{#if:{{{15|}}}|,&amp;nbsp;and [[:{{{15}}}|{{{l15|{{{15}}}}}}]]
}}{{#if:{{{16|}}}| &amp;mdash; '''&lt;br/&gt;Error: [[Template:See also|Too many links specified (maximum is 15)]]'''
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya Nkoka/xiyenge/3</title>
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      <id>39755</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mavona</username>
        <id>12058</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ntsengo lowu heleleke: 1000 */ Reply</comment>
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      <text bytes="65234" sha1="0adn6ckf605fdcaphfa14fook4bixe6" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Matsalwa Ya nkoka/Level/Nav bar}}

Lawa i matsalwa ya 1,000 yankoka eka '''Wikiphediya leyi ya Xitsonga''', naswona mavumba xiyenge xavunharhu eka nxaxamelo wa matsalwa ya nkoka eka Wikiphediya leyi.
&lt;small&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot;
|+
|-
!Xiyenge!!Nkutlunya &lt;br&gt; wa sweswi!!Pakani ya &lt;br&gt; Nkutlunya 
|-
|Vanhu (''People'')||17||210
|-
|Matimu (''History'')||4||95
|-
|Ntivo-Mbangu (''Geography'')||78||153
|-
|Vutshila (''Arts'')||5||43
|-
|Filosofi na Vukhongeri &lt;br/&gt;(''Philosophy and religion'')||10||47
|-
|Vutomi bya Siku na siku &lt;br/&gt;(''Everyday life'')||43||96
|-
|Sayensi ya mahanyele &lt;br/&gt;(''Society and social sciences'')||12||77
|-
|Ta rihanyo na vutshunguri &lt;br/&gt;(''Health and medicine'')||10||78
|-
|Sayensi (''Science'')||19||91
|-
|Thekinoloji (''Technology'')||6||68
|-
|Ntivo-Tinhlanyo (''Mathematics'')||5||31
|-
|Vupimi (''Measurement'')||11||11
|-
|'''Ntsengo''' || '''220'''||'''1000'''
|}
&lt;/small&gt;

Matsala makamberiwa hi swiyenge leswi landzelaka:
{{Div col|2}}
* Matsalwa ya siku {{Icon|FA}} (Matsalwa lamahlawuriweke ku kombisiwa eka tluka nkulu)
* Xiyenge xa - A {{Icon|A}}  (Tsalwa leri heleleke)
* Xiyenge xa - B {{Icon|B}}  (Tsalwa ra kahle)
* Xiyenge xa - C {{Icon|C}}  (Tsalwa leri lavaka ku hlakarherisiwa)
* Tsalwa ro Amukeleka {{Icon|GA}}
* Tsalwa ra ramasungulo {{Icon|Start}}

{{Div col end}}

Mifungo leyi tirhisiweke laha yingava yi hundzeriwe hi nkarhi, u khutaziwa ku lulamisa swi hoxo loko swirikona.

==Ntsengo lowu heleleke: 1000==
Wu lulamisiwe ro hetelela hi -- [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 17:00, 16 Mawuwani 2025 (UTC)
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;

:ok hankhenda [[User:Mavona|Mavona]] ([[User talk:Mavona|talk]]) 17:29, 11 Nhlangula 2025 (UTC)

== Vanhu (''People'') (17 : 210 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

=== Va N'wavutshila (''Artists'') ===
# [[Leonardo da Vinci]] (''[[:en:Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo da Vinci]]'')
# [[Michelangelo]] (''[[:en:Michelangelo|Michelangelo]]'')
# [[Rembrandt]] (''[[:en:Rembrandt|Rembrandt]]'')
# [[Diego Velázquez]] (''[[:en:Diego Velázquez|Diego Velázquez]]'')
# [[Pablo Picasso]] (''[[:en:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]]'')

=== Va valangi (''Explorers'') ===
# [[Roald Amundsen]] (''[[:en:Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]]'')
# [[Jacques Cartier]] (''[[:en:Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]]'')
# [[Christopher Columbus]] (''[[:en:Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]]'')
# [[James Cook]] (''[[:en:James Cook|James Cook]]'')
# [[Ferdinand Magellan]] (''[[:en:Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]]'')
# [[Marco Polo]] (''[[:en:Marco Polo|Marco Polo]]'')

=== Va N'wa Sayensi na Va Tumbuluxi (''Inventors and scientists'') ===
# [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] (''[[:en:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]]'')
# [[Charles Darwin]] (''[[:en:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]]'')
# [[Thomas Edison]] (''[[:en:Thomas Edison|Thomas Edison]]'')
# [[Albert Einstein]] (''[[:en:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]]'')
# [[Galileo Galilei]] (''[[:en:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]]'')
# [[Isaac Newton]] (''[[:en:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]]'')
# [[Nikola Tesla]] (''[[:en:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]]'')
# [[Sigmund Freud]] (''[[:en:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]]'')
# [[Niels Bohr]] (''[[:en:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]]'')
# [[Marie Curie]] (''[[:en:Marie Curie|Marie Curie]]'')
# [[Elon Musk]]  (''[[:en:Elon Musk Elon Musk]]'')
# [[James J. Andrews]]  (''[[:en:James J. Andrews|James J. Andrews]]'')
# [[Patricia Bath]]  (''[[:en:Patricia Bath|Patricia Bath]]'')
# [[Tebello Nyokong]]  (''[[:en:Tebello Nyokong|Tebello Nyokong]]'')
# [[Mmantsae Moche Diale]]  (''[[:en:Mmantsae Moche Diale|Mmantsae Moche Diale]]'')
# [[Zimkhitha Soji]]  (''[[:en:Zimkhitha Soji|Zimkhitha Soji]]'')

=== Vatsari (''Authors'') ===
# [[Homer]] (''[[:en:Homer|Homer]]'')
# [[Sophocles]] (''[[:en:Sophocles|Sophocles]]'')
# [[Virgil]] (''[[:en:Virgil|Virgil]]'')
# [[Li Bai]] (''[[:en:Li Bai|Li Bai]]'')
# [[Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi]] (''[[:en:Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi|Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi]]'')
# [[Dante Alighieri]] (''[[:en:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]]'')
# [[William Shakespeare]] (''[[:en:William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]]'')
# [[Chinua Achebe]] (''[[:en:Chinua Achebe|Chinua Achebe]]'')
# [[Wole Soyinka]] (''[[:en:Wole Soyinka|Wole Soyinka]]'')
# [[Dinaw Mengestu]] (''[[:en:Dinaw Mengestu|Dinaw Mengestu]]'')
# [[Mariama Bâ]] (''[[:en:Mariama Bâ|Mariama Bâ]]'')
# [[Buchi Emecheta]] (''[[:en:Buchi Emecheta|Buchi Emecheta]]'')
# [[Bessie Amelia Head]] (''[[:en:Bessie Amelia Head|Bessie Amelia Head]]'')
# [[Ngugi wa Thiong'o]] (''[[:en:Ngugi wa Thiong'o|Ngugi wa Thiong'o]]'')
# [[Toni Morrison]] (''[[:en:Toni Morrison|Toni Morrison]]'')
# [[Maya Angelou]] (''[[:en:Maya Angelou|Maya Angelou]]'')
# [[Freddy Mzilikazi Rikhotso]]  (''[[:en:Freddy Mzilikazi Rikhotso|F.M. Rikhotso]]'')
# [[Bennet Keats Mpilele Mtombeni]]  (''[[:en:Bennet Keats Mpilele Mtombeni|B.K.M. Mtombeni]]'')
# [[Khazamula Thomas Charles Manganyi]]  (''[[:en:Khazamula Thomas Charles Manganyi|K.T.C. Manganyi]]'')
# [[Eric Mashangu Nkondo]]  (''[[:en:Eric Mashangu Nkondo|E.M. Nkondo]]'')
# [[Hartley Shobiane Mnisi]]  (''[[:en:Hartley Shobiane Mnisi|H.S. Mnisi]]'')
# [[Thompson Madalela Rikhotso]]  (''[[:en:Thompson Madalela Rikhotso|T.M. Rikhotso]]'')
# [[Silas Phineas Chauke]]  (''[[:en:Silas Phineas Chauke|S.P. Chauke]]'')
# [[Noël Casper Makhuba]]  (''[[:en:Noël Casper Makhuba|N.C. Makhuba]]'')
# [[Max Makisi Marhanele]]  (''[[:en:Max Makisi Marhanele|MM.M. Marhanele]]'')
# [[Samuel Jonas Baloyi]]  (''[[:en:Samuel Jonas Baloyi|S.J. Baloyi]]'')
# [[Mary Misaveni Mabuza]]  (''[[:en:Mary Misaveni Mabuza|M.M. Mabuza]]'')
# [[Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate]]  (''[[:en:Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate|C.T.D. Marivate]]'')
# [[Charlotte Priscilla Nxalati Nkondo]]  (''[[:en:Charlotte Priscilla Nxalati Nkondo|C.P.N. Nkondo]]'')
# [[Patrick Ephraim Ntsanwisi]]  (''[[:en:Patrick Ephraim Ntsanwisi|P.E. Ntsanwisi]]'')
# [[Felix Alois Thuketana]]  (''[[:en:Felix Alois Thuketana|F.A. Thuketana]]'')
# [[Mafemani Joseph Baloyi]]  (''[[:en:Mafemani Joseph Baloyi|M.J. Baloyi]]'')
# [[Nxalati Charlotte Priscilla Golele]]  (''[[:en:Nxalati Charlotte Priscilla Golele|N.C.P. Golele]]'')
# [[Getrude Siphiwe Khosa]]  (''[[:en:Getrude Siphiwe Khosa|G.S. Khosa]]'')
# [[Joseph Hasani Navela Khosa]]  (''[[:en:Joseph Hasani Navela Khosa|J.H.N. Khosa]]'')
# [[Themba Patrick Magaisa]]  (''[[:en:Themba Patrick Magaisa|T.P. Magaisa]]'')
# [[Abner Daniel Mahatlane]]  (''[[:en:Abner Daniel Mahatlane|A.D. Mahatlane]]'')
# [[George Shirhami Mayevu]]  (''[[:en:George Shirhami Mayevu|G.S. Mayevu]]'')
# [[Thomas Howard Khosa]]  (''[[:en:Thomas Howard Khosa|T.H. Khosa]]'')
# [[Daniel Cornel Marivate]]  (''[[:en:Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C. Marivate]]'')
# [[Etienne Penyisi Ndhambi]]  (''[[:en:Etienne Penyisi Ndhambi|E.P. Ndhambi]]'')

=== Tinqambhi ta vunanga (''Composers and musicians'') ===
# [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] (''[[:en:Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]]'')
# [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] (''[[:en:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'')
# [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] (''[[:en:Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]]'')
# [[Frédéric Chopin]] (''[[:en:Frédéric Chopin|Frédéric Chopin]]'')
# [[Richard Wagner]] (''[[:en:Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]]'')
# [[Thomas Hasani Chauke]]  (''[[:en:Thomas Hasani Chauke|Thomas Hasani Chauke]]'')
# [[Bennet Baloyi]]  (''[[:en:Bennet Baloyi|Bennet Baloyi]]'')
# [[Percy Chavani Maluleke]]  (''[[:en:Percy Chavani Maluleke|Percy Chavani Maluleke]]'')
# [[Margareth Bilankulu]]  (''[[:en:Margareth Bilankulu|Margareth Bilankulu]]'')
# [[Esther Mathevula]]  (''[[:en:Esther Mathevula|Esther Mathevula]]'')
# [[Gezani Eric Nkovani]]  (''[[:en:Gezani Eric Nkovani|Gezani Eric Nkovani]]'')
# [[Salvador Mayaze]]  (''[[:en:Salvador Mayaze|Salvador Mayaze]]'')
# [[Tsakani Mhinga]]  (''[[:en:Tsakani Mhinga|Tsakani Mhinga]]'')
# [[William Makhuvele]]  (''[[:en:William Makhuvele|William Makhuvele]]'')
# [[Jabulani Tsambo]]  (''[[:en:Jabulani Tsambo|Jabulani Tsambo]]'')
# [[Freddy Masingi]] (''[[:en:Freddy Masingi|Freddy Masingi]]'')
# [[Linah Khama]]  (''[[:en:Linah Khama|Linah Khama]]'')
# [[Teanet Ngoveni]]  (''[[:en:Teanet Ngoveni|Teanet Ngoveni]]'')
# [[Joseph William Shirimani]]  (''[[:en:Joseph William Shirimani|Joseph William Shirimani]]'')
# [[Chris Mkhonto]]  (''[[:en:Chris Mkhonto|Chris Mkhonto]]'')
# [[Nzama Chavalala]]  (''[[:en:Nzama Chavalala|Nzama Chavalala]]'')
# [[Ntombhi Mokoena]]  (''[[:en:Ntombhi Mokoena|Ntombhi Mokoena]]'')
# [[António Mariva Mpfumu]]  (''[[:en:António Mariva Mpfumu|António Mariva Mpfumu]]'')
# [[Amukelani Maluleke]]  (''[[:en:Amukelani Maluleke|Amukelani Maluleke]]'')
# [[Neyma Julio Alfredo]]  (''[[:en:Neyma Julio Alfredo|Neyma Julio Alfredo]]'')
# [[Sho Madjozi|Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif]]  (''[[:en:Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif|Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif]]'')

=== Vahaxi na Vateki va mahungu hi Xitsonga (''Xitsonga Presenters &amp; Journalists'') ===
# [[Sydney Baloyi]] (''[[:en:Sydney Baloyi|Sydney Baloyi]]'')
# [[Giyani Brian Rikhotso]] (''[[:en:DJ Brian|Brian Rikhotso]]'')
# [[Morgan Shibambu]] (''[[:en:Morgan Shibambu|Morgan Shivambu]]'')
# [[Joas Mashimbye]] (''[[:en:Joas Mashimbye|Joas Mashimbye]]'')
# [[Eric Mabasa]] (''[[:en:Eric &quot;Vaseni&quot; Mabasa|Eric Mabasa]]'')
# [[Monakhisi Phineas Malatjie]] (''[[:en:Monakhisi Malatjie|Monakhisi Malatjie]]'')
# [[Conny Mashimbye]] (''[[:en:Conny mashimbye|Conny Mashimbye]]'')
# [[Rose Tshabalala]] (''[[:en:Rose Tshabalala|Rose Tshabalala]]'')
# [[Eric Makelane]] (''[[:en:Eric Makelane|Eric Makelane]]'')
# [[Richard Mashimbyi]] (''[[:en:Richard Mashimbyi|Richard Mashimbyi]]'')
# [[Bejani David Mashava]] (''[[:en:Bejani David Mashava|Bejani David Mashava]]'')

{{col-break}}

=== Va N'wa tinhlayo (''Mathematicians'') ===
# [[Archimedes]] (''[[:en:Archimedes|Archimedes]]'')
# [[Euclid]] (''[[:en:Euclid|Euclid]]'')
# [[Leonhard Euler]] (''[[:en:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]]'')
# [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] (''[[:en:Carl Friedrich Gauss|Carl Friedrich Gauss]]'')
# [[Gottfried Leibniz]] (''[[:en:Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Leibniz]]'')
# [[Blaise Pascal]] (''[[:en:Blaise Pascal|Blaise Pascal]]'')
# [[Henri Poincaré]] (''[[:en:Henri Poincaré|Henri Poincaré]]'')
# [[Pythagoras]] (''[[:en:Pythagoras|Pythagoras]]'')
# [[Alan Turing]] (''[[:en:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]]'')
# [[Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]] (''[[:en:Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi|Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]]'')

=== Va N'wa Filosofi (''Philosophers and social scientists'') ===
# [[Confucius]] (''[[:en:Confucius|Confucius]]'')
# [[Socrates]] (''[[:en:Socrates|Socrates]]'')
# [[Plato]] (''[[:en:Plato|Plato]]'')
# [[Aristotle]] (''[[:en:Aristotle|Aristotle]]'')
# [[Ibn Khaldun]] (''[[:en:Ibn Khaldun|Ibn Khaldun]]'')
# [[René Descartes]] (''[[:en:René Descartes|René Descartes]]'')
# [[John Locke]] (''[[:en:John Locke|John Locke]]'')
# [[Immanuel Kant]] (''[[:en:Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]]'')
# [[Karl Marx]] (''[[:en:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]]'')
# [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] (''[[:en:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]]'')

=== Va swa vukhongeri (''Religious figures'') ===
# [[Abraham]] (''[[:en:Abraham|Abraham]]'')
# [[Gautama Buddha]] (''[[:en:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]]'')
# [[Guru Nanak Dev]] (''[[:en:Guru Nanak Dev|Guru Nanak Dev]]'')
# [[Jesus]] (''[[:en:Jesus|Jesus]]'')
# [[Muhammad]] (''[[:en:Muhammad|Muhammad]]'')
# [[Engenas Lekganyane]] (''[[:en:Engenas Lekganyane|Engenas Lekganyane]]'')
# [[Isaiah Shembe]] (''[[:en:Isaiah Shembe|Isaiah Shembe]]'')

=== Varhangeri na Van'wa tipolitiki (''Politicians and leaders'') ===
# [[Alexander the Great]] (''[[:en:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]]'')
# [[Julius Caesar]] (''[[:en:Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]]'')
# [[Cleopatra VII]] (''[[:en:Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra VII]]'')
# [[Attila the Hun]] (''[[:en:Attila the Hun|Attila the Hun]]'')
# [[Charlemagne]] (''[[:en:Charlemagne|Charlemagne]]'')
# [[Genghis Khan]] (''[[:en:Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]]'')
# [[Joan of Arc]] (''[[:en:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]]'')
# [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] (''[[:en:Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman the Magnificent]]'')
# [[Elizabeth I]] (''[[:en:Elizabeth I|Elizabeth I]]'')
# [[George Washington]] (''[[:en:George Washington|George Washington]]'')
# [[Napoleon I of France]] (''[[:en:Napoleon I of France|Napoleon I of France]]'')
# [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] (''[[:en:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]'')
# [[Vladimir Lenin]] (''[[:en:Vladimir Lenin|Vladimir Lenin]]'')
# [[Joseph Stalin]] (''[[:en:Joseph Stalin|Joseph Stalin]]'')
# [[Adolf Hitler]] (''[[:en:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]]'')
# [[Mao Zedong]] (''[[:en:Mao Zedong|Mao Zedong]]'')
# [[Nelson Mandela]] (''[[:en:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]]'')
# [[Kwame Nkrumah]] (''[[:en:Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]]'')
# [[Julius Nyerere]] (''[[:en:Julius Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]]'')
# [[Patrice Lumumba]] (''[[:en:Patrice Lumumba|Patrice Lumumba]]'')
# [[Thomas Sankara]] (''[[:en:Thomas Sankara|Thomas Sankara]]'')
# [[Haile Selassie]] (''[[:en:Haile Selassie|Haile Selassie]]'')
# [[Amilcar Cabral]] (''[[:en:Amilcar Cabral|Amilcar Cabral]]'')
# [[Steve Biko]] (''[[:en:Steve Biko|Steve Biko]]'')
# [[Seretse Khama]] (''[[:en:Seretse Khama|Seretse Khama]]'')
# [[Kenneth Kaunda]] (''[[:en:Kenneth Kaunda|Kenneth Kaunda]]'')
# [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] (''[[:en:Gamal Abdel Nasser|Gamal Abdel Nasser]]'')
# [[Muammar Gaddafi]] (''[[:en:Muammar Gaddafi|Muammar Gaddafi]]'')
# [[Samora Machel]] (''[[:en:Samora Machel|Samora Machel]]'')
# [[Jomo Kenyatta]] (''[[:en:Jomo Kenyatta|Jomo Kenyatta]]'')
# [[Idi Amin]] (''[[:en:Idi Amin|Idi Amin]]'')
# [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] (''[[:en:Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]]'')
# [[Jonas Savimbi]] (''[[:en:Jonas Savimbi|Jonas Savimbi]]'')
# [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]] (''[[:en:Ahmed Sékou Touré|Ahmed Sékou Touré]]'')
# [[Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] (''[[:en:Hastings Kamuzu Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]]'')
# [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]] (''[[:en:Boutros Boutros-Ghali|Boutros Boutros-Ghali]]'')
# [[Oliver Thambo]] (''[[:en:Oliver Thambo|Oliver Thambo]]'')
# [[Keneth Kaunda]] (''[[:en:Keneth Kaunda|Keneth Kaunda]]'')
# [[Sam Nujoma]] (''[[:en:Sam Nujoma|Sam Nujoma]]'')
# [[Kofi Atta Annan]] (''[[:en:Kofi Atta Annan|Kofi Atta Annan]]'')
# [[Thabo Mbeki]] (''[[:en:Thabo Mbeki|Thabo Mbeki]]'')
# [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] (''[[:en:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf|Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]]'')
# [[Joyce Banda]] (''[[:en:Joyce Banda|Joyce Banda]]'')
# [[Sahle-Work Zewde]] (''[[:en:Sahle-Work Zewde|Sahle-Work Zewde]]'')
# [[Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi]] (''[[:en:Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi|Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi]]'')
# [[Edward Percy Piet Mhinga]] (''[[:en:Edward Percy Piet Mhinga|Edward Percy Piet Mhinga]]'')
# [[Samuel Nxumalo]] (''[[:en:Samuel Nxumalo|Samuel Nxumalo]]'')
# [[Mbhazima Shilowa]] (''[[:en:Mbhazima Shilowa|Mbhazima Shilowa]]'')
# [[Tito Mboweni]] (''[[:en:Tito Mboweni|Tito Mboweni]]'')
# [[Collins Chabane]] (''[[:en:Collins Chabane|Collins Chabane]]'')

=== Tihosi ta Afrika (''African monarchs'') ===
# [[Khnum Khufu]] (''[[:en:Khnum Khufu|Khnum Khufu]]'') 2567 B.C
# [[Hatshepsut]] (''[[:en:Hatshepsut|Hatshepsut]]'') 1478 B.C
# [[Akhenaton]] (''[[:en:Akhenaton|Akhenaton]]'') 1336 B.C
# [[Ramesses II]] (''[[:en:Ramesses II|Ramesses II]]'') 1213 B.C
# [[Taharqa]] (''[[:en:Taharqa|Taharqa]]'') 664 B.C
# [[Hannibal Barca]] (''[[:en:Hannibal Barca|Hannibal Barca]]'') 247 B.C
# [[Ezana of Axum]] (''[[:en:Ezana of Axum|Ezana of Axum]]'') 325 
# [[Tunka Manin]] (''[[:en:Tunka Manin|Tunka Manin]]'') 1076 
# [[Mansa Kankan Musa]] (''[[:en:Mansa Kankan Musa|Mansa Kankan Musa]]'') 1312
# [[Nyatsimba Mutota]] (''[[:en:Nyatsimba Mutota|Nyatsimba Mutota]]'') 1450
# [[Ewuare I]] (''[[:en:Ewuare I|Ewuare I]]'') 1473
# [[Afonso I]] (''[[:en:Afonso I|Afonso I]]'') 1543
# [[Amina]] (''[[:en:Amina|Amina]]'') 1610
# [[Shamba Bolongongo]] (''[[:en:Shamba Bolongongo|Shamba Bolongongo]]'') 1620
# [[Njinga Mbande]] (''[[:en:Njinga Mbande|Njinga Mbande]]'') 1663
# [[Osei Kofi Tutu I]] (''[[:en:Osei Kofi Tutu I|Osei Kofi Tutu I]]'') 1717 
# [[Shaka ka Sezangakhona]] (''[[:en:Shaka Zulu|Shaka ka Sezangakhona]]'') 1818
# [[Béhanzin Hossu Bowelle]] (''[[:en:Béhanzin Hossu Bowelle|Béhanzin Hossu Bowelle]]'') 1844
# [[Ndate yalla Mobdj]] (''[[:en:Ndate yalla Mobdj|Ndate yalla Mobdj]]'') 1860
# [[Ranavalona I]] (''[[:en:Ranavalona I|Ranavalona I]]'') 1860
# [[Mzilikazi Khumalo]] (''[[:en:Mzilikazi Khumalo|Mzilikazi Khumalo]]'') 1868
# [[Moshoeshoe I]] (''[[:en:Moshoeshoe I|Moshoeshoe I]]'') 1870
# [[Cetshwayo kaMpande]] (''[[:en:Cetshwayo kaMpande|Cetshwayo kaMpande]]'') 1879
# [[Nana Yaa Asantewaa]] (''[[:en:Nana Yaa Asantewaa|Nana Yaa Asantewaa]]'') 1900
# [[Gbudwe]] (''[[:en:Gbudwe|Gbudwe]]'') 1905
# [[Nghunghunyana]] (''[[:en:Nghunghunyana|Nghunghunyana]]'') 1905
# [[Menelik II]] (''[[:en:Menelik II|Menelik II]]'') 1913
# [[Ibrahim Njoya]] (''[[:en:Ibrahim Njoya|Ibrahim Njoya]]'') 1933

{{col-end}}

== Matimu (''History'') (4 : 95 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# [[Matimu]] (''[[:en:History|History]]'')
# [[Nhluvuko]] (''[[:en:Civilization|Civilization]]'')
# [[Matimu ya misava]] (''[[:en:History of the world|History of the world]]'')
# [[Matimu ya Afrika]] (''[[:en:History of Africa|History of Africa]]'')
# [[Matimu ya Amerikha]] (''[[:en:History of the Americas|History of the Americas]]'')
# [[Matimu ya Chayina]] (''[[:en:History of China|History of China]]'')
# [[Matimu ya Yuropa]] (''[[:en:History of Europe|History of Europe]]'')
# [[Matimu ya Indiya]] (''[[:en:History of India|History of India]]'')
# [[Matimu ya Vuxa byale xikarhi]] (''[[:en:History of the Middle East|History of the Middle East]]'')

=== Matimu ya Afrika (''African History'') ===
# [[Mfumo wa Akhisumi]] (''[[:en:Kingdom of Aksum|Aksumite Empire]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Ghana]] (''[[:en:Ghana Empire|Kingdom of Ghana]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Maali]] (''[[:en:Mali Empire|Mali Empire]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Songhayi]] (''[[:en:Songhai Empire|Songhai Empire]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Zimbabye]] (''[[:en:Kingdom of Zimbabwe|Kingdom of Zimbabwe]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Mutapa]] (''[[:en:Kingdom of Mutapa|Kingdom of Mutapa]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Itopiya]] (''[[:en:Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopian Empire]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Khongo]] (''[[:en:Kingdom of Kongo|Kingdom of Kongo]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Benini]] (''[[:en:Kingdom of Benin|Benin Empire]]'')
# [[Kuhangalaka ka vanhu vantima e Afrika]] (''[[:en:Bantu expansion|Bantu expansion]]'')
# [[Tinyimpi to vutla matiko ya N'walungu wa Afika]] (''[[:en:Muslim conquest of the Maghreb|Muslim conquest of the Maghreb]]'')
# [[Bindzu ra mahlonga]] (''[[:en:Slave trade|Slave trade]]'')
# [[Tinyimpi ta matiwana]] (''[[:en:Mfecane|Mfecane wars]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Mazulu]] (''[[:en:Zulu Kingdom|Zulu Kingdom]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Gaza]] (''[[:en:Gaza Empire|Gaza Empire]]'')
# [[Kuvutliwa ka Afrika]] (''[[:en:Scramble for Africa|Scramble for Africa]]'')
# [[Kuherisiwa ka mimfumo ya vukolonyi e Afrika]] (''[[:en:Decolonisation of Africa|Decolonisation of Africa]]'')
# [[Nxaxamelo wa madzolonga e Afrika]] (''[[:en:List_of_conflicts_in_Africa|List of conflicts in Africa]]'')
# [[Mabindzi na kuxaviselana ka matiko ya Afrika]] (''[[:en:African Continental Free Trade Area|African Continental Free Trade Area]]'')
# [[Matimu ya ntwanano wa Afrika]] (''[[:en:History of the African Union|History of the African Union]]'')
# [[Mpfuxetelo wa Africa]] (''[[:en:African Renaissance|African Renaissance]]'')

=== Matimu yo sungula (''Prehistory to Middle Ages'') ===
# [[Matimu yo sungula]] (''[[:en:Prehistory|Prehistory]]'')
# [[Nguva ya ribye]] (''[[:en:Stone Age|Stone Age]]'')
# [[Mesopotamiya]] (''[[:en:Mesopotamia|Mesopotamia]]'')
# [[Nguva ya buronhzo]] (''[[:en:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]]'')
# [[Egipta ya khale]] (''[[:en:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]]'')
# [[Siriya ya khale]] (''[[:en:Assyria|Assyria]]'')
# [[Nguva ya nsimbi]] (''[[:en:Iron Age|Iron Age]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Grika ya khale]] (''[[:en:Ancient Greece|Ancient Greece]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa rhoma wa khale]] (''[[:en:Ancient Rome|Ancient Rome]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Pheresiya]] (''[[:en:Persian Empire|Persian Empire]]'')
# [[Nguva ya le xikarhi]] (''[[:en:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]]'')
# [[Ntungu wa rifu ra ntima]] (''[[:en:Black Death|Black Death]]'')
# [[Tinyimpi ta ripfumelo]] (''[[:en:Crusades|Crusades]]'')
# [[Nguva ya vusurumani]] (''[[:en:Islamic Golden Age|Islamic Golden Age]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa vaMongholi]] (''[[:en:Mongol Empire|Mongol Empire]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Ottomani]] (''[[:en:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]]'')
# [[Nxaniso wa Spaniya]] (''[[:en:Spanish Inquisition|Spanish Inquisition]]'')
# [[Nguva ya maVhayikhingi]] (''[[:en:Viking Age|Viking Age]]'')

{{col-break}}

=== Matimu ya nhluvuko ku ta fika sweswi (''Renaissance to present'') ===
# [[Nhlungo wa ndzhavuko]] (''[[:en:Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]]'')
# [[Nhlungo wa le Furhwa]] (''[[:en:French Revolution|French Revolution]]'')
# [[Tinyimpi ta Napholiyoni]] (''[[:en:Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic Wars]]'')
# [[Mpfuxetelo wa Yuropa]] (''[[:en:Renaissance|Renaissance]]'')
# [[Vukolonyi bya vaYuropa ematikweni-nkulu ya Amerikha]] (''[[:en:European colonization of the Americas|European colonization of the Americas]]'')
# [[Nguva yo pfuletela]] (''[[:en:Age of Discovery|Age of Discovery]]'')
# [[Nguva ya nhlavutelo]] (''[[:en:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa manghiza]] (''[[:en:British Empire|British Empire]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa Rhaxiya]] (''[[:en:Russian Empire|Russian Empire]]'')
# [[Matimu ya tiko ra Amerikha]] (''[[:en:History of the United States|History of the United States]]'')
# [[Nsusumeto wo dlaya vuhlonga]] (''[[:en:Abolitionism|Abolitionism]]'')
# [[Nlhungo wa Sayensi]] (''[[:en:Scientific Revolution|Scientific Revolution]]'')
# [[Nhlungo wa swa tinkomponi]] (''[[:en:Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]]'')
# [[Timfanelo ta vaxisati]] (''[[:en:Women's suffrage|Women's suffrage]]'')
# [[Nyimpi ya misava yo sungula]] (''[[:en:World War I|World War I]]'')
# [[Nswihato lowukulu wa Amerikha]] (''[[:en:Great Depression|Great Depression]]'')
# [[Ku rhutleriwa ka mayuda]] (''[[:en:The Holocaust|The Holocaust]]'')
# [[Nyimpi ya misava ya vumbirhi]] (''[[:en:World War II|World War II]]'')
# [[Matimu ya ntwanano wa Yuropa]] (''[[:en:History of the European Union|History of the European Union]]'')
# [[Nyimpi ya Khoriya]] (''[[:en:Korean War|Korean War]]'')
# [[Nsusumeto wa timfanelo ta vanhu vantima]] (''[[:en:Civil rights movement|Civil rights movement]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa xihlawula nhlonge e Afika Dzonga]] (''[[:en:Apartheid|Apartheid]]'')
# [[Njhekanjhekiswano wa Kaximiri]] (''[[:en:Kashmir conflict|Kashmir conflict]]'')
# [[Nthamuko lowukulu wa Chayina]] (''[[:en:Great Leap Forward|Great Leap Forward]]'')
# [[Nhlungo wale Tayipingi]] (''[[:en:Taiping Rebellion|Taiping Rebellion]]'')
# [[Nhlungo wa tiko ra Cuba]] (''[[:en:Cuban Revolution|Cuban Revolution]]'')
# [[Mhangu ya Khongo]] (''[[:en:Congo Crisis|Congo Crisis]]'')
# [[Kuvalanga xibhakabhaka]] (''[[:en:Space exploration|Space exploration]]'')
# [[Mhangu ya kutekiwa vuhlonga etikweni ra Irani ]] (''[[:en:Iran hostage crisis|Iran hostage crisis]]
# [[Nlhangano wa matiko-xikhale ya Rhaxiya]] (''[[:en:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]'')
# [[Mphikamakaneta wa mathlarhi ya nyimpi]] (''[[:en:Arms race|Arms race]]'')
# [[Hindzimulo wa timakete ta tinhundzu]] (''[[:en:Stock market crash|Stock market crash]]'')
# [[Mhangu ya Cherlobyl]] (''[[:en:Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl disaster]]'')
# [[Kuwa ka rirhangu ra Berlin]] (''[[:en:Berlin Wall|Berlin Wall]]'')
# [[Nyimpi ya xirhami]] (''[[:en:Cold War|Cold War]]'')
# [[Nyimpi ya Bosnia]] (''[[:en:Bosnian War|Bosnian War]]'')
# [[Mbulavuriswani wo herisa mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu e Afrika Dzonga]] (''[[:en:Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa]]'')
# [[Nyimpi yo herisa rixaka e Rwanda]] (''[[:en:Rwandan genocide|Rwandan genocide]]'')
# [[Nguva ya swiviko na vuxokoxoko]] (''[[:en:Information Age|Information Age]]'')
# [[Nhlaselo wa swihondzo swimbirhi swa Amerikha]] (''[[:en:World Trade Center (1973-2001|Attack on the American twin towers]]'')
# [[Nyimpi yolwa ni nchavo lowukulu]] (''[[:en:War on terror|War on terror]]'')
# [[Mhangu ya Fukuxima]] (''[[:en:Fukushima disaster|Fukushima disaster]]'')
# [[Xividyo xa UN xa ku cinca ka ntsamelo maxele ya misava]] (''[[:en:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference]]'')
# [[Timhangu ta vatsutsumi va tinyimpi]] (''[[:en:Refugee crisis|Refugee crisis]]'')
# [[Madzolonga ya Rohindya]] (''[[:en:Rohingya conflict|Rohingya conflict]]'')
# [[Hulumendhe ya vusurumani e Iraki na Siriya]] (''[[:en:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]'')
# [[Yimpi ya swa mabindzu exikarhi ka Chayina na Amerikha]] (''[[:en:China–United States trade war|China–United States trade war]]'')

{{col-end}}

== Ntivo-Mbangu (''Geography'') ( 78 : 153 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# [[Ntivo-mbangu]] (''[[:en:Geography|Geography]]'')
# [[Dorobha]] (''[[:en:City|City]]'')
# [[Tikonkulu]] (''[[:en:Continent|Continent]]'')
# [[Tiko]] (''[[:en:Country|Country]]'')
# [[Mananga]] (''[[:en:Desert|Desert]]'')
# [[Khwati]] (''[[:en:Forest|Forest]]'')
# [[Ntshava]] (''[[:en:Mountain|Mountain]]'')
# [[Lwandle]] (''[[:en:Ocean|Ocean]]'')
# [[Nambu]] (''[[:en:River|River]]'')

=== Malwandle na Milambu (''Bodies of water'') ===
# [[Nammbu wa Amazoni]] (''[[:en:Amazon River|Amazon River]]'')
# [[Lwandle ra Atlanthiki]] (''[[:en:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]]'')
# [[Lwandle ra ntima]] (''[[:en:Black Sea|Black Sea]]'')
# [[Lwandle ra Khaspiya]] (''[[:en:Caspian Sea|Caspian Sea]]'')
# [[Nambu wa Danube]] (''[[:en:Danube|Danube]]'')
# [[Lwandle ra Indiya]] (''[[:en:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]'')
# [[Lwandle ra Medithera]] (''[[:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]]'')
# [[Bhobhoma ra Niyagara]] (''[[:en:Niagara Falls|Niagara Falls]]'')
# [[Nambu wa Niyili]] (''[[:en:Nile|Nile]]'')
# [[Nambu wa Congo]] (''[[:en:Congo river|Congo river]]'')
# [[Nambu wa Nayija]] (''[[:en:Niger river|Niger river]]'')
# [[Lwandle ra Phasifiki]] (''[[:en:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]'')
# [[Ntsemakanyo wa nambu ePhanama]] (''[[:en:Panama Canal|Panama Canal]]'')
# [[Ntsemakanyo wa nambu eSuweza]] (''[[:en:Suez Canal|Suez Canal]]'')
# [[Tiva ra Victoria]] (''[[:en:Lake Victoria|Lake Victoria]]'')
# [[Tiva ra Malawi]] (''[[:en:Lake Malawi|Lake Malawi]]'')
# [[Tiva ra Tanganyika]] (''[[:en:Lake Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]]'')

=== Tintshava na mananga (''Mountains, valleys and deserts'') ===
# [[Tintshava ta Alps]] (''[[:en:Alps|Alps]]'')
# [[Tintshava ta Andes]] (''[[:en:Andes|Andes]]'')
# [[Mananga ya Gobi]] (''[[:en:Gobi Desert|Gobi Desert]]'')
# [[Tintshava ta Grand Canyon]] (''[[:en:Grand Canyon|Grand Canyon]]'')
# [[Tintshava ta Himalayas]] (''[[:en:Himalayas|Himalayas]]'')
# [[Ntshava ya  Everest]] (''[[:en:Mount Everest|Mount Everest]]'')
# [[Mananga ya Sahara]] (''[[:en:Sahara|Sahara]]'')
# [[Mananga ya Kalahari]] (''[[:en:Kalahari|Kalahari]]'')
# [[Mananga ya Namib]] (''[[:en:Namib|Namib]]'')
# [[Ntshava ya Kilimanjaro]] (''[[:en:Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]]'')
# [[Tintshava ta Drakensberg]] (''[[:en:Drakensberg|Drakensberg]]'')
# [[Ntshava ya Tafula]] (''[[:en:Table mountain|Table mountain]]'')
# [[Tintshava ta Rivombo]] (''[[:en:Lebombo mountains|Lebombo mountains]]'')

=== Madorobha (''Cities'') ===
# [[Abuja]] (''[[:en:Abuja|Abuja]]'')
# [[Beyijingi]] (''[[:en:Beijing|Beijing]]'')
# [[Berilini]] (''[[:en:Berlin|Berlin]]'')
# [[Dar es Salaam]] (''[[:en:Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]]'')
# [[Deli]] (''[[:en:Delhi|Delhi]]'')
# [[Harare]] (''[[:en:Harare|Harare]]'')
# [[Hongu Kongi]] (''[[:en:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]'')
# [[Jerusalema]] (''[[:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]'')
# [[Joni]] (''[[:en:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]]'')
# [[Landhani]] (''[[:en:London|London]]'')
# [[Mekha]] (''[[:en:Mecca|Mecca]]'')
# [[Dorobha ra Mekisikho]] (''[[:en:Mexico City|Mexico City]]'')
# [[Moskhowu]] (''[[:en:Moscow|Moscow]]'')
# [[Nyuyoki]] (''[[:en:New York City|New York City]]'')
# [[Pharisi]] (''[[:en:Paris|Paris]]'')
# [[Rhoma]] (''[[:en:Rome|Rome]]'')
# [[Sawo Paulo]] (''[[:en:São Paulo|São Paulo]]'')
# [[Sowuli]] (''[[:en:Seoul|Seoul]]'')
# [[Thokiyo]] (''[[:en:Tokyo|Tokyo]]'')
# [[Thohoyandou]] (''[[:en:Thohoyandou|Thohoyandou]]'')
# [[Giyani]] (''[[:en:Giyani|Giyani]]'')
# [[Polokwane]] (''[[:en:Polokwane|Polokwane]]'')
# [[Thulamahashe]] (''[[:en:Thulamahashe|Thulamahashe]]'')
# [[Nkowankowa]] (''[[:en:Nkowankowa|Nkowankowa]]'')
# [[Dzaneen]] (''[[:en:Dzaneen|Dzaneen]]'')
# [[Musina]] (''[[:en:Musina|Musina]]'')

=== Matiko-Nkulu na Swifundza Swa Misava (''Continents and regions'') ===
# [[Afrika]] (''[[:en:Africa|Africa]]'')
# [[Antakthika]] (''[[:en:Antarctica|Antarctica]]'')
# [[Akthiki]] (''[[:en:Arctic|Arctic]]'')
# [[Asia|Ashiya]] (''[[:en:Asia|Asia]]'')
# [[Yuropa]] (''[[:en:Europe|Europe]]'')
# [[Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi]] (''[[:en:Middle East|Middle East]]'')
# [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu]] (''[[:en:North America|North America]]'')
# [[Oxiyeniya]] (''[[:en:Oceania|Oceania]]'')
# [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni]] (''[[:en:South America|South America]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Matiko (''Countries'') ===
# [[Afghanistan]] (''[[:en:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]'')
# [[Afrika Dzonga]] (''[[:en:South Africa|South Africa]]'')
# [[Algeria]] (''[[:en:Algeria|Algeria]]'')
# [[Angola]] (''[[:en:Angola|Angola]]'')
# [[Argentina]] (''[[:en:Argentina|Argentina]]'')
# [[Australia]] (''[[:en:Australia|Australia]]'')
# [[Austria]] (''[[:en:Austria|Austria]]'')
# [[Bangladesh]] (''[[:en:Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]'')
# [[Belgium]] (''[[:en:Belgium|Belgium]]'')
# [[Benin]] (''[[:en:Benin|Benin]]'')
# [[Botswana]] (''[[:en:Botswana|Botswana]]'')
# [[Bolivia]] (''[[:en:Bolivia|Bolivia]]'')
# [[Brazil]] (''[[:en:Brazil|Brazil]]'')
# [[Burkina Faso]] (''[[:en:Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]]'')
# [[Burundi]] (''[[:en:Burundi|Burundi]]'')
# [[Chad]] (''[[:en:Chad|Chad]]'')
# [[Canada]] (''[[:en:Canada|Canada]]'')
# [[Cameroon]] (''[[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]]'')
# [[Cambodia]] (''[[:en:Cambodia|Cambodia]]'')
# [[Chayina]] (''[[:en:People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China]]'')
# [[Colombia]] (''[[:en:Colombia|Colombia]]'')
# [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (''[[:en:Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'')
# [[Cuba]] (''[[:en:Cuba|Cuba]]'')
# [[Denmark]] (''[[:en:Denmark|Denmark]]'')
# [[Egypt]] (''[[:en:Egypt|Egypt]]'')
# [[Ethiopia]] (''[[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]'')
# [[Estonia]] (''[[:en:Estonia|Estonia]]'')
# [[Eswatini]] (''[[:en:Eswatini|Eswatini]]'')
# [[Finland]] (''[[:en:Finland|Finland]]'')
# [[France]] (''[[:en:France|France]]'')
# [[Ghana]] (''[[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]'')
# [[Germany]] (''[[:en:Germany|Germany]]'')
# [[Greece]] (''[[:en:Greece|Greece]]'')
# [[Guinea]] (''[[:en:Guinea|Guinea]]'')
# [[Haiti]] (''[[:en:Haiti|Haiti]]'')
# [[Indiya]] (''[[:en:India|India]]'')
# [[Indonesia]] (''[[:en:Indonesia|Indonesia]]'')
# [[Iran]] (''[[:en:Iran|Iran]]'')
# [[Iraq]] (''[[:en:Iraq|Iraq]]'')
# [[Republic of Ireland]] (''[[:en:Republic of Ireland|Republic of Ireland]]'')
# [[Israel]] (''[[:en:Israel|Israel]]'')
# [[Italy]] (''[[:en:Italy|Italy]]'')
# [[Ivory Coast]] (''[[:en:Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]]'')
# [[Japani]] (''[[:en:Japan|Japan]]'')
# [[Kenya]] (''[[:en:Kenya|Kenya]]'')
# [[Kuwait]] (''[[:en:Kuwait|Kuwait]]'')
# [[Lesotho]] (''[[:en:Lesotho|Lesotho]]'')
# [[Libya]] (''[[:en:Libya|Libya]]'')
# [[Lithuania]] (''[[:en:Lithuania|Lithuania]]'')
# [[Madagascar]] (''[[:en:Madagascar|Madagascar]]'')
# [[Malawi]] (''[[:en:Malawi|Malawi]]'')
# [[Mexico]] (''[[:en:Mexico|Mexico]]'')
# [[Netherlands]] (''[[:en:Netherlands|Netherlands]]'')
# [[Nigeria]] (''[[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]'')
# [[North Korea]] (''[[:en:North Korea|North Korea]]'')
# [[Norway]] (''[[:en:Norway|Norway]]'')
# [[Pakistan]] (''[[:en:Pakistan|Pakistan]]'')
# [[Philippines]] (''[[:en:Philippines|Philippines]]'')
# [[Poland]] (''[[:en:Poland|Poland]]'')
# [[Russia]] (''[[:en:Russia|Russia]]'')
# [[Saudi Arabia]] (''[[:en:Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]]'')
# [[Sierra Leone]] (''[[:en:Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]]'')
# [[Singapore]] (''[[:en:Singapore|Singapore]]'')
# [[South Korea]] (''[[:en:South Korea|South Korea]]'')
# [[Spain]] (''[[:en:Spain|Spain]]'')
# [[Swaziland]] (''[[:en:Swaziland|Swaziland]]'')
# [[Sweden]] (''[[:en:Sweden|Sweden]]'')
# [[Switzerland]] (''[[:en:Switzerland|Switzerland]]'')
# [[Tanzania]] (''[[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]]'')
# [[Thailand]] (''[[:en:Thailand|Thailand]]'')
# [[Turkey]] (''[[:en:Turkey|Turkey]]'')
# [[Ukraine]] (''[[:en:Ukraine|Ukraine]]'')
# [[United Arab Emirates]] (''[[:en:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]'')
# [[Brithani]] (''[[:en:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]'')
# [[Amerikha]] (''[[:en:United States|United States]]'')
# [[Venezuela]] (''[[:en:Venezuela|Venezuela]]'')
# [[Vietnam]] (''[[:en:Vietnam|Vietnam]]'')
# [[Yemen]] (''[[:en:Yemen|Yemen]]'')
# [[Zambia]] (''[[:en:Zambia|Zambia]]'')
# [[Zimbabwe]] (''[[:en:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]'')


{{col-end}}

== Vutshila na Mfuwo (''Arts and culture'') ( 5 : 43 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
# [[Vutshila]] (''[[:en:Art|Art]]'')
# [[Matimu ya vutshila]] (''[[:en:History of art|History of art]]'')
# [[Vusaseki]] (''[[:en:Aesthetics|Aesthetics]]'')

==== Vutsari (''Literature'') ====
# [[Vutsari]] (''[[:en:Literature|Literature]]'')
# [[Matimu ya vutsari]] (''[[:en:History of literature|History of literature]]'')
# [[Vundhundhuzeri]] (''[[:en:Prose|Prose]]'')
# [[Buku]] (''[[:en:Book|Book]]'')
# [[Hungu-tsalwa ra xibvumbiso]] (''[[:en:Fiction|Fiction]]'')
# [[Hungu-tsalwa]] (''[[:en:Novel|Novel]]'')
# [[Xitori xo koma]] (''[[:en:Short story|Short story]]'')
# [[Vuthlokovetseri]] (''[[:en:Poetry|Poetry]]'')
# [[Vuthlokovetseri bya xikhale]] (''[[:en:Epic poetry|Epic poetry]]'')
# [[Vuthlokovetseri byo koma bya hayiku]] (''[[:en:Haiku|Haiku]]'')
# [[Vuthlokovetseri byo leha bya Sonete]] (''[[:en:Sonnet|Sonnet]]'')

==== Vutsila bya Mintlangu ya le rivaleni (''Performing arts'') ====
# [[Vutsila bya Mintlangu ya le rivaleni]] (''[[:en:Performing arts|Performing arts]]'')
# [[Ncino]] (''[[:en:Dance|Dance]]'')
# [[Filmi]] (''[[:en:Film|Film]]'')
# [[Ntangu wo koma]] (''[[:en:Documentary|Documentary]]'')
# [[Yindlu ya mintlangu]] (''[[:en:Theatre|Theatre]]'')
# [[Ntlangu wa mafenya]] (''[[:en:Comedy|Comedy]]'')
# [[Ntlangu wa khombo]] (''[[:en:Tragedy|Tragedy]]'')

{{col-break}}

==== Vunanga (''Music'') ====
# [[Vunanga]] (''[[:en:Music|Music]]'')
# [[Matimu ya vunanga]] (''[[:en:History of music|History of music]]'')
# [[Xichayani xa vunanga]] (''[[:en:Musical instrument|Musical instrument]]'')
# [[Kuyimbelela]] (''[[:en:Singing|Singing]]'')
# [[Vunanga bya Klasiki]] (''[[:en:Classical music|Classical music]]'')
# [[Vunanga by ndzhavuko]] (''[[:en:Folk music|Folk music]]'')
# [[Vunanga bya Hip hop]] (''[[:en:Hip hop music|Hip hop music]]'')
# [[Vunanga bya Jazz]] (''[[:en:Jazz|Jazz]]'')
# [[Vunanga bya Pop]] (''[[:en:Pop music|Pop music]]'')
# [[Vunanga bya Rock]] (''[[:en:Rock music|Rock music]]'')

==== Vutshila bya vupfapfarhuti (''Visual arts'') ====
# [[Vutshila bya vupfapfarhuti]] (''[[:en:Visual arts|Visual arts]]'')
# [[Vuaki]] (''[[:en:Architecture|Architecture]]'')
# [[Swihlamariso swa nkombo swa matiko ya khale]] (''[[:en:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World|Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]'')
# [[Rirhangu-nkulu ra Chayina]] (''[[:en:Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]]'')
# [[Pfapfarhuta]] (''[[:en:Drawing|Drawing]]'')
# [[Kupenda]] (''[[:en:Painting|Painting]]'')
# [[Xifaniso]] (''[[:en:Illustration|Illustration]]'')
# [[Xifaniso xa munhu]] (''[[:en:Portrait|Portrait]]'')
# [[Vuteka swifaniso]] (''[[:en:Photography|Photography]]'')
# [[Vuvatli]] (''[[:en:Sculpture|Sculpture]]'')
# [[Vuvumbi]] (''[[:en:Pottery|Pottery]]'')
# [[Xifaniso xa ribye]] (''[[:en:Statue|Statue]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Filosofi na Vukhongeri (''Philosophy and religion'') ( 10 : 47 articles) ==
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=== Filosofi (''Philosophy'') ===
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi]] (''[[:en:Philosophy|Philosophy]]'')
# [[Matikhomele]] (''[[:en:Ethics (philosophy)|Ethics|Ethics (philosophy)|Ethics]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vutivi]] (''[[:en:Epistemology|Epistemology]]'')
# [[Ripfumelo]] (''[[:en:Belief|Belief]]'')
# [[Vutivi]] (''[[:en:Knowledge|Knowledge]]'')
# [[Ntiyiso]] (''[[:en:Truth|Truth]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vulongoloxi]] (''[[:en:Logic|Logic]]'')
# [[Vukona]] (''[[:en:Existence|Existence]]'')
# [[Ku ti rhandzela]] (''[[:en:Free will|Free will]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya vupela dyambu]] (''[[:en:Western philosophy|Western philosophy]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya xigriki]] (''[[:en:Greek philosophy|Greek philosophy]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya xikhale]] (''[[:en:Medieval philosophy|Medieval philosophy]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya manguva lawa]] (''[[:en:Contemporary philosophy|Contemporary philosophy]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya vuxa dyambu]] (''[[:en:Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophy]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya xichayina]] (''[[:en:Chinese philosophy|Chinese philosophy]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya xi indiya]] (''[[:en:Indian philosophy|Indian philosophy]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya xisurumani]] (''[[:en:Islamic philosophy|Islamic philosophy]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya vukona]] (''[[:en:Existentialism|Existentialism]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya Vukongomelo]] (''[[:en:Idealism|Idealism]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya Vumunhu]] (''[[:en:Humanism|Humanism]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya VuMaksi]] (''[[:en:Marxism|Marxism]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya Vupimanisi]] (''[[:en:Rationalism|Rationalism]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya Vuhakunene]] (''[[:en:Realism|Realism]]'')
# [[Ntivo-vuhleketi bya Vukanakani]] (''[[:en:Skepticism|Skepticism]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Vukhongeri (''Religion'') ===
# [[Vukhongeri]] (''[[:en:Religion|Religion]]'')
# [[Vukwembu]] (''[[:en:Deity|Deity]]'')
# [[Xikwembu]] (''[[:en:God|God]]'')
# [[Xikwembu manana]] (''[[:en:Goddess|Goddess]]'')
# [[Mythology]] (''[[:en:Mythology|Mythology]]'')
# [[Moya xiviri]] (''[[:en:Soul|Soul]]'')
# [[Vumoya]] (''[[:en:Spirituality|Spirituality]]'')
# [[Ku anakanyisisa]] (''[[:en:Meditation|Meditation]]'')
# [[Xikhongelo]] (''[[:en:Prayer|Prayer]]'')
# [[Vugandzeri]] (''[[:en:Worship|Worship]]'')
# [[Ripfumelo vukwembu]] (''[[:en:Theism|Theism]]'')
# [[Vu ala ripfumelo]] (''[[:en:Atheism|Atheism]]'')

=== Mixaka ya vukhongeri (''Specific religions'') ===
# [[Vubuddha]] (''[[:en:Buddhism|Buddhism]]'')
# [[Vukreste]] (''[[:en:Christianity|Christianity]]'')
# [[Bibele]] (''[[:en:Bible|Bible]]'')
# [[Kereke ya Rhoman]] (''[[:en:Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]'')
# [[Kereke]] (''[[:en:Church|Church]]'')
# [[Mupapa]] (''[[:en:Pope|Pope]]'')
# [[Vuhindu]] (''[[:en:Hinduism|Hinduism]]'')
# [[Vusurumani]] (''[[:en:Islam|Islam]]'')
# [[Kurani]] (''[[:en:Qur'an|Qur'an]]'')
# [[Vuyuda]] (''[[:en:Judaism|Judaism]]'')
# [[Voodoo]] (''[[:en:Voodoo|Voodoo]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Vutomi bya siku na siku (''Everyday life'') ( 43 : 96 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
# [[Sw'ambalo]] (''[[:en:Clothing|Clothing]]'')
# [[Vusweki]] (''[[:en:Cooking|Cooking]]'')
# [[Muvala]] (''[[:en:Colour|Colour]]'')
## wo [[Tshwuka]] (''[[:en:Red|Red]]'')
## wa [[Ribungu]] (''[[:en:Brown|Brown]]'')
## wa [[Tshopi]] (''[[:en:Orange|Orange]]'')
## wa [[Xitshopana]] (''[[:en:Yellow|Yellow]]'')
## wa [[Rihlaza]] (''[[:en:Green|Green]]'')
## wa [[Wasi-lwandle]] (''[[:en:Cyan|Cyan]]'')
## wa [[Wasi]] (''[[:en:Blue|Blue]]'')
## wa [[Vhangazi]] (''[[:en:Violet|Violet]]'')
## wa [[Ntima]] (''[[:en:Black|Black]]'')
## wo [[Basa]] (''[[:en:White|White]]'')
# [[Minthlaveko]] (''[[:en:Emotion|Emotion]]'')
# [[Vukarhi]] (''[[:en:Anger|Anger]]'')
# [[Ku chava]] (''[[:en:Fear|Fear]]'')
# [[Rirhandzu]] (''[[:en:Love|Love]]'')
# [[Ntsako]] (''[[:en:Happiness|Happiness]]'')
# [[Ndyangu]] (''[[:en:Family|Family]]'')
# [[Munhu lonkulu]] (''[[:en:Adult|Adult]]'')
# [[N'wana]] (''[[:en:Child|Child]]'')
# [[Ricece]] (''[[:en:Infant|Infant]]'')
# [[Vukati]] (''[[:en:Marriage|Marriage]]'')
# [[Rimbewu]] (''[[:en:Gender|Gender]]'')
# [[Wanuna]] (''[[:en:Man|Man]]'')
# [[N'wansati]] (''[[:en:Woman|Woman]]'')
# [[Mihleketo]] (''[[:en:Mind|Mind]]'')
# [[Vuhanyanyi]] (''[[:en:Consciousness|Consciousness]]'')
# [[Mi anakanyo]] (''[[:en:Thought|Thought]]'')
# [[Vurhongo]] (''[[:en:Sleep|Sleep]]'')
# [[Norho]] (''[[:en:Dream|Dream]]'')

=== Swakudya na Swonwa (''Food and drink'') ===
# [[Swakudya]] (''[[:en:Food|Food]]'')
# [[Xinkwa]] (''[[:en:Bread|Bread]]'')
# [[Cheese]] (''[[:en:Cheese|Cheese]]'')
# [[Mbhandzu]] (''[[:en:Fruit|Fruit]]'')
# [[Tindzoho]] (''[[:en:Grain|Grain]]'')
# [[Mavele]] (''[[:en:Maize|Maize]]'')
# [[Nyama]] (''[[:en:Meat|Meat]]'')
# [[Zambhala]] (''[[:en:Potato|Potato]]'')
# [[Mpunga]] (''[[:en:Rice|Rice]]'')
# [[Ndlowu]] (''[[:en:Soybean|Soybean]]'')
# [[Miroho]] (''[[:en:Vegetable|Vegetable]]'')
# [[Koroni]] (''[[:en:Wheat|Wheat]]'')
# [[Byala]] (''[[:en:Beer|Beer]]'')
# [[Khofi]] (''[[:en:Coffee|Coffee]]'')
# [[Mati]] (''[[:en:Drinking water|Drinking water]]'')
# [[Masi]] (''[[:en:Milk|Milk]]'')
# [[Tiya]] (''[[:en:Tea|Tea]]'')
# [[Vhinyu]] (''[[:en:Wine|Wine]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Ririmi (''Language'') ===
# [[Ririmi]] (''[[:en:Language|Language]]'')
# [[Alifabeti]] (''[[:en:Alphabet|Alphabet]]'')
# [[Letere]] (''[[:en:Letter (alphabet)|Letter|Letter (alphabet)|Letter]]'')
# [[Vuvulavuri]] (''[[:en:Grammar|Grammar]]'')
# [[Rito]] (''[[:en:Word|Word]]'')
# [[Vutsari]] (''[[:en:Writing|Writing]]'')
# [[Xiarabi]] (''[[:en:Arabic language|Arabic language]]'')
# [[Xichayina]] (''[[:en:Chinese language|Chinese language]]'')
# [[Xinghezi]] (''[[:en:English language|English language]]'')
# [[Xifurhwa]] (''[[:en:French language|French language]]'')
# [[Xijarimani]] (''[[:en:German language|German language]]'')
# [[Xihindi]] (''[[:en:Hindi language|Hindi language]]'')
# [[Xilatin]] (''[[:en:Latin language|Latin language]]'')
# [[Xiphutukezi]] (''[[:en:Portuguese language|Portuguese language]]'')
# [[Xirhaxiya]] (''[[:en:Russian language|Russian language]]'')
# [[Xipanichi]] (''[[:en:Spanish language|Spanish language]]'')
# [[Xiswahili]] (''[[:en:Swahili language|Swahili language]]'')
# [[Xitsonga]] (''[[:en:Tsonga language|Tsonga language]]'')
# [[Xizulu]] (''[[:en:Zulu language|Zulu language]]'')
# [[Xiqhoza]] (''[[:en:Xhosa language|Xhosa language]]'')
# [[Xisuthu]] (''[[:en:Sotho language|Sotho language]]'')
# [[Xipedi]] (''[[:en:Northern Sotho language|Pedi language]]'')
# [[Xitswana]] (''[[:en:Tswana language|Tswana language]]'')
# [[Xindhevele]] (''[[:en:Ndebele language|Ndebele language]]'')
# [[Xivhenda]] (''[[:en:Venda language|Venda language]]'')
# [[Xiswazi]] (''[[:en:Swati language|Swati language]]'')
# [[Xi makhuwa]] (''[[:en:Macua language|Macua language]]'')
# [[Xixona]] (''[[:en:Shona language|Shona language]]'')
# [[Xiherero]] (''[[:en:Herero language|Herero language]]'')
# [[Xicewa]] (''[[:en:Chichewa language|Chichewa language]]'')
# [[Xilunganda]] (''[[:en:Luganda language|Luganda language]]'')
# [[Xi oromo]] (''[[:en:Oromo language|Oromo language]]'')
# [[Xi Arabhu]] (''[[:en:Arabic language|Arabic language]]'')
# [[Xiheveru]] (''[[:en:Hebrew language|Hebrew language]]'')
# [[Xihausa]] (''[[:en:Hausa language|Hausa language]]'')
# [[Xi Igbo]] (''[[:en:Igbo language|Igbo language]]'')

=== Mintlangu na vuhungasi (''Recreation and entertainment'') ===
# [[Kuti olola]] (''[[:en:Recreation|Recreation]]'')
# [[Ntlangu]] (''[[:en:Game|Game]]'')
# [[Mintlangu ya ncuva]] (''[[:en:Board game|Board game]]'')
# [[Ncuva wa Chesi]] (''[[:en:Chess|Chess]]'')
# [[Ncuva]] (''[[:en:Mancala|Mancala]]'')
# [[Ntlangu wa vidhiyo]] (''[[:en:Video game|Video game]]'')
# [[Gembula]] (''[[:en:Gambling|Gambling]]'')
# [[Tamintlangu]] (''[[:en:Sport|Sport]]'')
# [[Nhlangano wa bolo ya milenge]] (''[[:en:Association football|Association football (soccer)]]'')
# [[Tamajatu]] (''[[:en:Athletics (track and field)|Athletics (track and field)]]'')
# [[Xitlangiso]] (''[[:en:Toy|Toy]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Mintlawa ya vanhu na Tidyondzo ta mahanyele (''Society and social sciences'') ( 12 : 77 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
# [[Nhlangano wa vanhu]] (''[[:en:Society|Society]]'')
# [[Ndzhavuko]] (''[[:en:Culture|Culture]]'')

=== Timhaka ta Mahanyele (''Social issues'') ===
# [[Ku xixa nyimba]] (''[[:en:Abortion|Abortion]]'')
# [[Kudlaya ka ntwelavusiwana]] (''[[:en:Euthanasia|Euthanasia]]'')
# [[Ku tisunga]] (''[[:en:Suicide|Suicide]]'')
# [[Xihlawuhlawu]] (''[[:en:Discrimination|Discrimination]]'')
# [[Xihlawuhlawu hi rixaka]] (''[[:en:Racism|Racism]]'')
# [[Xihlawuhlawu hi rimbewu]] (''[[:en:Sexism|Sexism]]'')
# [[Dyondzo]] (''[[:en:Education|Education]]'')
# [[Ntsuxeko (Politiki)|Ntsuxeko]] (''[[:en:Freedom (political)|Freedom|Freedom (political)|Freedom]]'')
# [[Vuhlonga]] (''[[:en:Slavery|Slavery]]'')
# [[Nawu]] (''[[:en:Law|Law]]'')
# [[Xigwevo xa rifu]] (''[[:en:Capital punishment|Capital punishment]]'')
# [[Timfanelo ta vumunhu]] (''[[:en:Civil rights|Civil rights]]'')
# [[Vumbiwa]] (''[[:en:Constitution|Constitution]]'')
# [[Vugevenga]] (''[[:en:Crime|Crime]]'')
# [[Vululami]] (''[[:en:Justice|Justice]]'')
# [[Phorisa]] (''[[:en:Police|Police]]'')
# [[Kurhula]] (''[[:en:Peace|Peace]]'')
# [[Nyimpi]] (''[[:en:War|War]]'')
# [[Vuthyakisi]] (''[[:en:Pollution|Pollution]]'')
# [[Vusiwana]] (''[[:en:Poverty|Poverty]]'')
# [[Kulwela timfanelo ta mbangu]] (''[[:en:Environmentalism|Environmentalism]]'')
# [[Kulwela timfanelo ta vaxisati]] (''[[:en:Feminism|Feminism]]'')

=== Sayense ya mahanyele (''Social sciences'') ===
# [[Sayense ya mahanyele]] (''[[:en:Social sciences|Social sciences]]'')
# [[Tidyondzo ta mahanyele ya vanhu]] (''[[:en:Anthropology|Anthropology]]'')
# [[Tidyondzo ta politiki]] (''[[:en:Political science|Political science]]'')
# [[Tidyondzo ta mihleketo ya vanhu]] (''[[:en:Psychology|Psychology]]'')

=== Mahungu na Vuhaxi (''Media'') ===
# [[Vunavetisi]] (''[[:en:Advertising|Advertising]]'')
# [[Vuhaxi]] (''[[:en:Broadcasting|Broadcasting]]'')
# [[Vuteki-mahungu]] (''[[:en:Journalism|Journalism]]'')
# [[Xibukwana]] (''[[:en:Magazine|Magazine]]'')
# [[Mahungu]] (''[[:en:News|News]]'')
# [[Phephahungu]] (''[[:en:Newspaper|Newspaper]]'')
# [[Vukandziyisi]] (''[[:en:Publishing|Publishing]]'')

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=== Ta Mabindzu (''Business and economics'') ===
# [[Mabindzu]] (''[[:en:Business|Business]]'')
# [[Ntivo vuhlayisi bya timali]] (''[[:en:Economics|Economics]]'')
# [[Nhundzu]] (''[[:en:Good (economics and accounting)|Good|Good (economics and accounting)|Good]]'')
# [[Vukorhokeri]] (''[[:en:Service (economics)|Service (economics)]]'')
# [[Mphakelo na nkhongelo]] (''[[:en:Supply and demand|Supply and demand]]'')
# [[Komponi]] (''[[:en:Company (law)|Company|Company (law)|Company]]'')
# [[Swa timali]] (''[[:en:Finance|Finance]]'')
# [[Tinkomponi]] (''[[:en:Industry|Industry]]'')
# [[Vurimi]] (''[[:en:Agriculture|Agriculture]]'')
# [[Vutumbuluxa tinhundzu]] (''[[:en:Manufacturing|Manufacturing]]'')
# [[Migodi ya swicelwa]] (''[[:en:Mining|Mining]]'')
# [[Makete]] (''[[:en:Market|Market]]'')
# [[Mali]] (''[[:en:Money|Money]]'')
# [[Yuro]] (''[[:en:Euro|Euro]]'')
# [[Yen ya Japani]] (''[[:en:Japanese yen|Japanese yen]]'')
# [[Mpondho]] (''[[:en:Pound sterling|Pound sterling]]'')
# [[Dolara]] (''[[:en:United States dollar|United States dollar]]'')
# [[Xibhalo]] (''[[:en:Tax|Tax]]'')
# [[Nxaviso]] (''[[:en:Trade|Trade]]'')
# [[Politiki]] (''[[:en:Politics|Politics]]'')
# [[Hulumende]] (''[[:en:Government|Government]]'')
# [[Khapitalizimu]] (''[[:en:Capitalism|Capitalism]]'')
# [[Soxalizimu]] (''[[:en:Socialism|Socialism]]'')
# [[Civics]] (''[[:en:Civics|Civics]]'')
# [[Khomunizimu]] (''[[:en:Communism|Communism]]'')
# [[Demokirasi]] (''[[:en:Democracy|Democracy]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa tihanyi]] (''[[:en:Dictatorship|Dictatorship]]'')
# [[Vuhosi]] (''[[:en:Monarchy|Monarchy]]'')
# [[Mfumo wa matilo]] (''[[:en:Theocracy|Theocracy]]'')
# [[Vurhumiwa bya tiko]] (''[[:en:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]]'')
# [[Impheriyalizimu]] (''[[:en:Imperialism|Imperialism]]'')
# [[Vusocha]] (''[[:en:Military|Military]]'')
# [[Vutiko]] (''[[:en:Nationalism|Nationalism]]'')
# [[Tiko]] (''[[:en:State|State]]'')
# [[Nhlangano wa yuropa]] (''[[:en:European Union|European Union]]'')
# [[Nhlangano wa xihambano xo tshuka]] (''[[:en:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]]'')
# [[NATO]] (''[[:en:NATO|NATO]]'')
# [[Sagwati ra Nobel]] (''[[:en:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]]'')
# [[OPEC]] (''[[:en:OPEC|OPEC]]'')
# [[Matiko lamahlanganeke]] (''[[:en:United Nations|United Nations]]'')
# [[Nhlangano wa misava wa swarihanyo]] (''[[:en:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]]'')
# [[Nhlangano wa misava wa swamabindzu]] (''[[:en:World Trade Organization|World Trade Organization]]'')

{{col-end}}

== Ta rihanyo na Vutshunguri (''Health and medicine'') ( 10 : 78 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
=== Rihanyo (''Health and fitness'') ===
# [[Rihanyo]] (''[[:en:Health|Health]]'')
# [[Kutiolola]] (''[[:en:Physical exercise|Exercise|Physical exercise|Exercise]]'')
# [[Mabasele]] (''[[:en:Hygiene|Hygiene]]'')
# [[Kunyuhela]] (''[[:en:Obesity|Obesity]]'')
# [[Ntshikelelo wa mihleketo]] (''[[:en:Stress (medicine)|Stress|Stress (medicine)|Stress]]'')
# [[Swidzidziharisi]] (''[[:en:Drug|Drug]]'')
# [[Swakudya]] (''[[:en:Nutrition|Nutrition]]'')
# [[Ntungu]] (''[[:en:Epidemy|Epidemic]]'')

=== Mirhi ya vutshunguri (''Medicine'') ===
# [[Mirhi ya vutshunguri]] (''[[:en:Medicine|Medicine]]'')
# [[Swipfala-mbeleko]] (''[[:en:Birth control|Birth control]]'')
# [[Vutsoniwa]] (''[[:en:Disability|Disability]]'')
# [[Vubofu]] (''[[:en:Blindness|Blindness]]'')
# [[Kufa tindleve]] (''[[:en:Hearing impairment|Hearing impairment]]'')
# [[Vuvabyi bya miehleketo]] (''[[:en:Mental illness|Mental illness]]'')
# [[Ku tshoveka marhambu]] (''[[:en:Bone fracture|Bone fracture]]'')
# [[Onhokelo ra byongo]] (''[[:en:Brain damage|Brain damage]]'')
# [[Kutshwa]] (''[[:en:Burn (injury)|Burn|Burn (injury)|Burn]]'')
# [[Kuyimeriwa hi mbilu]] (''[[:en:Cardiac arrest|Cardiac arrest]]'')
# [[Kutongola]] (''[[:en:Bleeding|Bleeding]]'')
# [[Kupfimba]] (''[[:en:Inflammation|Inflammation]]'')
# [[Kuheleriwa hi moya]] (''[[:en:Respiratory failure|Respiratory failure]]'')
# [[Richuho]] (''[[:en:Shock (medical)|Shock|Shock (medical)|Shock]]'')
# [[Ku oma thlelo]] (''[[:en:Stroke|Stroke]]'')
# [[Milombyana]] (''[[:en:Medication|Medication]]'')
# [[Nthlavelo]] (''[[:en:Vaccine|Vaccine]]'')
# [[N'anga]] (''[[:en:Physician|Physician]]'')

=== Xiyimo xa rihanyo (''Medical conditions'') ===
# [[Nhlombo]] (''[[:en:Allergy|Allergy]]'')
# [[Nkelunkelu]] (''[[:en:Insomnia|Insomnia]]'')
# [[Sulu]] (''[[:en:Colic|Colic]]'')
# [[Swintlakula]] (''[[:en:Tonsils|Tonsils]]'')
# [[Vukhandlu/Malolo]] (''[[:en:Muscle Cramp|Muscle Cramp]]'')
# [[Xilumi]] (''[[:en:Menstrual Cramps|Menstrual Cramps]]'')
# [[Mongolo]] (''[[:en:Nasal Hemorrhage|Nasal Hemorrhage]]'')
# [[Ntshitani]] (''[[:en:Miscarriage|Miscarriage]]'')
# [[Xirivalisana]] (''[[:en:Amnesia|Amnesia]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Mavabyi (''Disease'') ===
# [[Mavabyi]] (''[[:en:Disease|Disease]]'')
# [[Fukuzani]] (''[[:en:Cancer|Cancer]]'')
# [[Nchuluko]] (''[[:en:Cholera|Cholera]]'')
# [[Ndzombe]] (''[[:en:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]]'')
# [[Xikuna]] (''[[:en:Dysentery|Dysentery]]'')
# [[Mukhuhlwana]] (''[[:en:Influenza|Influenza]]'')
# [[Dzedzedze]] (''[[:en:Malaria|Malaria]]'')
# [[Xitsongwatsongwana xa AIDS]] (''[[:en:AIDS|AIDS]]'')
# [[Xikandzameti]] (''[[:en:Syphilis|Syphilis]]'')
# [[Nyezani]] (''[[:en:Smallpox|Smallpox]]'')
# [[Rifuva]] (''[[:en:Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]]'')
# [[Rihuhu]] (''[[:en:Rabies|Rabies]]'')
# [[Nhlokonho]] (''[[:en:Leprosy|Leprosy]]'')
# [[Mukhuhlwana wa Zika]] (''[[:en:Zika_virus|Zika virus]]'')
# [[Vubofu bya le nambyeni]] (''[[:en:Onchocerciasis|Onchocerciasis]]'')
# [[Mukhuhlwana wa tihumba]] (''[[:en:Schistosomiasis|Schistosomiasis]]'')
# [[Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya Ebola|Ebola]] (''[[:en:Ebola_virus_disease|Ebola]]'')
# [[Dari]] (''[[:en:Fever|Fever]]'')
# [[Makolo]] (''[[:en:Diphteria|Diphteria]]'')
# [[Mbatata]] (''[[:en:Gonorrhea|Gonorrhea]]'')
# [[Mbukuli]] (''[[:en:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]]'')
# [[Milombyana]] (''[[:en:Convulsions|Convulsions]]'')
# [[Muna]] (''[[:en:Edema|Edema]]'')
# [[Ndatshwa]] (''[[:en:Gout|Gout]]'')
# [[Nkalangati]] (''[[:en:Anemia|Anemia]]'')
# [[Nkhwanyalo]] (''[[:en:Paralysis|Paralysis]]'')
# [[Nkhwanya-nhlaya]] (''[[:en:Tetanus|Tetanus]]'')
# [[Nyamakati]] (''[[:en:Rheumatism|Rheumatism]]'')
# [[Rifuva]] (''[[:en:Asthma|Asthma]]'')
# [[Rihlanyi]] (''[[:en:Dementia|Dementia]]'')
# [[Rihuhu]] (''[[:en:Schizophrenia|Schizophrenia]]'')
# [[Rikuvali]] (''[[:en:Hemorrhage|Hemorrhage]]'')
# [[Swinwayana]] (''[[:en:Scabies|Scabies]]'')
# [[Tshasi]] (''[[:en:Eczema|Eczema]]'')
# [[Vutukulu]] (''[[:en:Parkinson’s disease|Parkinson’s disease]]'')
# [[Xibokisana]] (''[[:en:Erysipelas|Erysipelas]]'')
# [[Xifesani]] (''[[:en:Paronychia|Paronychia]]'')
# [[Xikohe]] (''[[:en:Bilharzia|Bilharzia]]'')
# [[Ximawa]] (''[[:en:Migraine|Migraine]]'')
# [[Ximbyembye]] (''[[:en:Pertussis|Pertussis]]'')
# [[Xitsamba]] (''[[:en:Hydrops|Hydrops]]'')
# [[Xitshinana]] (''[[:en:Measles|Measles]]'')
# [[Xitsuli]] (''[[:en:Apoplexy|Apoplexy]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Ntivo-Vuthlarhi (''Science'') ( 19 : 91 articles) ==
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# [[Sayensi]] (''[[:en:Science|Science]]'')
# [[Matimu ya Sayensi]] (''[[:en:History of science|History of science]]'')
# [[Ntumbuluko]] (''[[:en:Nature|Nature]]'')
# [[Nkongomiso wa Sayensi]] (''[[:en:Scientific method|Scientific method]]'')

=== Ntivo-Vutomi (''Biology'') ===
# [[Ntivo-vutomi]] (''[[:en:Biology|Biology]]'')
# [[Vutomi]] (''[[:en:Life|Life]]'')
# [[Ntivo-swirho]] (''[[:en:Anatomy|Anatomy]]'')
# [[Byongo]] (''[[:en:Brain|Brain]]'')
# [[Marhumbu]] (''[[:en:Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal tract]]'')
# [[Mbilu]] (''[[:en:Heart|Heart]]'')
# [[Masocha ya miri]] (''[[:en:Immune system|Immune system]]'')
# [[Mahahu]] (''[[:en:Lung|Lung]]'')
# [[Marhambu]] (''[[:en:Skeleton|Skeleton]]'')
# [[Vuveleki]] (''[[:en:Reproduction|Reproduction]]'')
# [[Nyimba]] (''[[:en:Pregnancy|Pregnancy]]'')
# [[Tamasangu]] (''[[:en:Sex|Sex]]'')
# [[Tidyondo ta swihlahla]] (''[[:en:Botany|Botany]]'')
# [[Xitekelela]] (''[[:en:Heredity|Heredity]]'')
# [[Xivumbiwa]] (''[[:en:Organism|Organism]]'')
# [[Xiharhi]] (''[[:en:Animal|Animal]]'')
# [[Xikokovisiwa]] (''[[:en:Amphibian|Amphibian]]'')
# [[Xinyenyana]] (''[[:en:Bird|Bird]]'')
# [[Nhlapfi]] (''[[:en:Fish|Fish]]'')
# [[Xitsotso]] (''[[:en:Insect|Insect]]'')
# [[Swiharhi leswi mamisaka]] (''[[:en:Mammal|Mammal]]'')
## [[Homu]] (''[[:en:Cattle|Cattle]]'')
## [[Ximanga]] (''[[:en:Cat|Cat]]'')
## [[Mbyana]] (''[[:en:Dog|Dog]]'')
## [[Hanci]] (''[[:en:Horse|Horse]]'')
## [[Vanhu]] (''[[:en:Human|Human]]'')
# [[Xikokovi]] (''[[:en:Reptile|Reptile]]'')
# [[Xiborisi]] (''[[:en:Bacteria|Bacteria]]'')
# [[Xikowa]] (''[[:en:Fungus|Fungus]]'')
# [[Ximilana]] (''[[:en:Plant|Plant]]'')
# [[Xiluva]] (''[[:en:Flower|Flower]]'')
# [[Nsinya]] (''[[:en:Tree|Tree]]'')
# [[Muhlovo wa vuharhi]] (''[[:en:Species|Species]]'')
# [[Ntivo-swiharhi]] (''[[:en:Zoology|Zoology]]'')

=== Swa  Tinyeleti (''Astronomy'') ===
# [[Ntivo tinyeleti]] (''[[:en:Astronomy|Astronomy]]'')
# [[Vusirhela N'hweti]] (''[[:en:Eclipse|Eclipse]]'')
# [[Ndhzendzeleko]] (''[[:en:Orbit|Orbit]]'')
# [[Pulaneti]] (''[[:en:Planet|Planet]]'')
# [[Mafambisele ya ndhzendzelo wa dyambu]] (''[[:en:Solar System|Solar System]]'')
# [[Dyambu]] (''[[:en:Sun|Sun]]'')
# [[Misava]] (''[[:en:Earth|Earth]]'')
# [[N'hweti]] (''[[:en:Moon|Moon]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Chemistry (''Chemistry'') ===
# [[Ntivo-Mirhi]] (''[[:en:Chemistry|Chemistry]]'')
# [[Xikahla]] (''[[:en:Acid|Acid]]'')
# [[Athomu]] (''[[:en:Atom|Atom]]'')
# [[Xihoko]] (''[[:en:Alcohol|Alcohol]]'')
# [[Oyili]] (''[[:en:Oil|Oil]]'')
# [[Munyu]] (''[[:en:Salt (chemistry)|Salt|Salt (chemistry)|Salt]]'')
# [[Mati]] (''[[:en:Water|Water]]'')
# [[Koporo]] (''[[:en:Copper|Copper]]'')
# [[Nsuku]] (''[[:en:Gold|Gold]]'')
# [[Moya]] (''[[:en:Oxygen|Oxygen]]'')
# [[Silivere]] (''[[:en:Silver|Silver]]'')
# [[Xivavula]] (''[[:en:Sulfur|Sulfur]]'')
# [[Nghilazi]] (''[[:en:Glass|Glass]]'')
# [[Nsimbhi]] (''[[:en:Metal|Metal]]'')
# [[Swicelwa]] (''[[:en:Mineral|Mineral]]'')

=== Sayensi ya Misava (''Earth science'') ===
# [[Sayensi ya misava]] (''[[:en:Earth science|Earth science]]'')
# [[Matimu ya misava]] (''[[:en:History of Earth|History of Earth]]'')
# [[Kutseka-tseka ka Misava]] (''[[:en:Earthquake|Earthquake]]'')
# [[Nkhukulo]] (''[[:en:Erosion|Erosion]]'')
# [[Ntshava yo hlanta ndzilo]] (''[[:en:Volcano|Volcano]]'')
# [[Ntshamelo-maxele]] (''[[:en:Climate|Climate]]'')
# [[Marifu]] (''[[:en:Cloud|Cloud]]'')
# [[Ndhambhi]] (''[[:en:Flood|Flood]]'')
# [[Mpfula]] (''[[:en:Rain|Rain]]'')
# [[Ximbhembhe]] (''[[:en:Tornado|Tornado]]'')
# [[Bubutsa]] (''[[:en:Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]]'')
# [[Maxele]] (''[[:en:Weather|Weather]]'')

=== Physics (''Physics'') ===
# [[Ntivo-Ntumbuluko]] (''[[:en:Physics|Physics]]'')
# [[Matimba]] (''[[:en:Energy|Energy]]'')
# [[Matimba ku tirha]] (''[[:en:Kinetic energy|Kinetic energy]]'')
# [[Matimba ku xungeta]] (''[[:en:Potential energy|Potential energy]]'')
# [[Ntamu]] (''[[:en:Force|Force]]'')
# [[Matimbankokelo ya gezi]] (''[[:en:Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]]'')
# [[Matimbankokelo ya misava]] (''[[:en:Gravitation|Gravitation]]'')
# [[Kuhisa]] (''[[:en:Heat|Heat]]'')
# [[Mahisele]] (''[[:en:Temperature|Temperature]]'')
# [[Rivoningo]] (''[[:en:Light|Light]]'')
# [[Rivilo ra rivoningo]] (''[[:en:Speed of light|Speed of light]]'')
# [[Mivala leyivonakaka]] (''[[:en:Visible spectrum|Visible spectrum]]'')
# [[Vunyingi]] (''[[:en:Mass|Mass]]'')
# [[Ntikelo]] (''[[:en:Weight|Weight]]'')
# [[Xiaka-Swilo]] (''[[:en:Matter|Matter]]'')
# [[Mpfumawulo]] (''[[:en:Sound|Sound]]'')
# [[Mpfhuka-tilo]] (''[[:en:Space|Space]]'')
# [[Nkarhi]] (''[[:en:Time|Time]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Thekinoloji (''Technology'') ( 6 : 68 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
# [[Thekinoloji]] (''[[:en:Technology|Technology]]'')
# [[Matimu ya Thekinoloji]] (''[[:en:History of technology|History of technology]]'')
# [[Vunjhiniyera]] (''[[:en:Engineering|Engineering]]'')
# [[Vuthlarhi bya michini]] (''[[:en:Artificial intelligence|Artificial intelligence]]'')
# [[Xitirhisiwa]] (''[[:en:Tool|Tool]]'')

=== Matimba (''Energy'') ===
# [[Gezi]] (''[[:en:Electricity|Electricity]]'')
# [[Matimba ya kuhisa ka misava]] (''[[:en:Geothermal power|Geothermal power]]'')
# [[Matimba ya mabhobhoma]] (''[[:en:Hydropower|Hydropower]]'')
# [[Matimba ya nyukliya]] (''[[:en:Nuclear power|Nuclear power]]'')
# [[Matimba ya dyambu]] (''[[:en:Solar energy|Solar energy]]'')
# [[Matimba ya moya]] (''[[:en:Wind power|Wind power]]'')

=== Electronics (''Electronics'') ===
# [[Switirhisiwa swa gezi]] (''[[:en:Electronics|Electronics]]'')
# [[Betiri]] (''[[:en:Battery (electricity)|Battery|Battery (electricity)|Battery]]'')

=== Mechanical and structural engineering (''Mechanical and structural engineering'') ===
# [[Njini]] (''[[:en:Engine|Engine]]'')
# [[Mphiselo]] (''[[:en:Lever|Lever]]'')
# [[Xitlakusi]] (''[[:en:Pulley|Pulley]]'')
# [[Rhoboti]] (''[[:en:Robot|Robot]]'')
# [[Vhilwa]] (''[[:en:Wheel|Wheel]]'')
# [[Buloho]] (''[[:en:Bridge|Bridge]]'')
# [[Mugerho]] (''[[:en:Canal|Canal]]'')
# [[Damu]] (''[[:en:Dam|Dam]]'')
# [[Yindlu]] (''[[:en:House|House]]'')
# [[Xihondzo]] (''[[:en:Tower|Tower]]'')

=== Vutleketli (''Transportation'') ===
# [[Vutleketli]] (''[[:en:Transport|Transport]]'')
# [[Movha]] (''[[:en:Vehicle|Vehicle]]'')
# [[Xihahampfhuka]] (''[[:en:Aircraft|Aircraft]]'')
# [[Xipandzamananga]] (''[[:en:Automobile|Automobile]]'')
# [[Baysikeni]] (''[[:en:Bicycle|Bicycle]]'')
# [[Xihahampfhuka-phatsa]] (''[[:en:Helicopter|Helicopter]]'')
# [[Xithuthuthu]] (''[[:en:Motorcycle|Motorcycle]]'')
# [[Xitimela]] (''[[:en:Train|Train]]'')

=== Information technology (''Information technology'') ===
# [[Thekinoliji-mahungu]] (''[[:en:Information technology|Information technology]]'')
# [[Khalikhuleta]] (''[[:en:Calculator|Calculator]]'')
# [[Khompuyuta]] (''[[:en:Computer|Computer]]'')

=== Optical (''Optical'') ===
# [[Xiteka-Swifaniso]] (''[[:en:Camera|Camera]]'')
# [[Nghilazi]] (''[[:en:Glasses|Glasses]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Vuhaxi na mbulavuriswano (''Media and communication'') ===
# [[Imeyili]] (''[[:en:E-mail|E-mail]]'')
# [[Inthaneti]] (''[[:en:Internet|Internet]]'')
# [[Vugandlisi]] (''[[:en:Printing|Printing]]'')
# [[Xiyanimoya]] (''[[:en:Radio|Radio]]'')
## [[Munghana Lonene FM]] (''[[:en:Munghana Lonene FM|Munghana lonene fm]]'')
# [[Riqingo]] (''[[:en:Telephone|Telephone]]'')
# [[Thelevhixini]] (''[[:en:Television|Television]]'')
# [[Vhidiyo]] (''[[:en:Video|Video]]'')

=== Vuvalangi na ku khoma nkarhi (''Navigation and timekeeping'') ===
# [[Calendara]] (''[[:en:Calendar|Calendar]]'')
# [[Wachi]] (''[[:en:Clock|Clock]]'')
# [[Xikomba-n'walungu]] (''[[:en:Compass|Compass]]'')

=== Mathlarhi (''Weapons'') ===
# [[Thlarhi]] (''[[:en:Weapon|Weapon]]'')
# [[Vurha]] (''[[:en:Bow (weapon)|Bow|Bow (weapon)|Bow]]'')
# [[Xibamu]] (''[[:en:Firearm|Firearm]]'')
# [[Mukwana]] (''[[:en:Knife|Knife]]'')
# [[Xibamu xa muchini]] (''[[:en:Machine gun|Machine gun]]'')
# [[Thlarhi ra nyukliya]] (''[[:en:Nuclear weapon|Nuclear weapon]]'')
# [[Banga]] (''[[:en:Sword|Sword]]'')

=== Material and chemical (''Material and chemical'') ===
# [[Khandhlele]] (''[[:en:Candle|Candle]]'')
# [[Ndzilo]] (''[[:en:Fire|Fire]]'')
# [[Xibuluswa]] (''[[:en:Explosive material|Explosive material]]'')
# [[Petirolo]] (''[[:en:Gasoline|Gasoline]]'')
# [[Vusweki bya tinsimbhi]] (''[[:en:Metallurgy|Metallurgy]]'')
# [[Plastiki]] (''[[:en:Plastic|Plastic]]'')
# [[Rhaba]] (''[[:en:Rubber|Rubber]]'')

=== Swakudya na Rihanyo (''Food and health'') ===
# [[Kuvirisa]] (''[[:en:Pasteurization|Pasteurization]]'')
# [[Xigwitsirisi]] (''[[:en:Refrigerator|Refrigerator]]'')
# [[Xitofu]] (''[[:en:Stove|Stove]]'')
# [[Ekisi-rheyi]] (''[[:en:X-ray|X-ray]]'')

=== Xibhakabhaka (''Space'') ===
# [[Kuphatsama e n'wetini]] (''[[:en:Moon landing|Moon landing]]'')
# [[Rhokheti]] (''[[:en:Rocket|Rocket]]'')
# [[Sathalayiti]] (''[[:en:Satellite|Satellite]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Dyondzo-Tinhlayo (''Mathematics'') ( 5 : 31 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
# [[Dyondzo-tinhlayo]] (''[[:en:Mathematics|Mathematics]]'')
# [[Nomboro]] (''[[:en:Number|Number]]'')
# [[Tinhlayo-tinomboro]] (''[[:en:Arithmetic|Arithmetic]]'')
# [[Nhlanganiso]] (''[[:en:Addition|Addition]]'')
# [[Nsuso]] (''[[:en:Subtraction|Subtraction]]'')
# [[Muandziso]] (''[[:en:Multiplication|Multiplication]]'')
# [[Muavanyiso]] (''[[:en:Division (mathematics)|Division|Division (mathematics)|Division]]'')
# [[Xiphemu (Tinhlayo)|Xiphemu]] (''[[:en:Fraction (mathematics)|Fraction|Fraction (mathematics)|Fraction]]'')
# [[Xidzana]] (''[[:en:Percentage|Percentage]]'')
# [[Maringanisele ya tinhlayo]] (''[[:en:Equation|Equation]]'')
# [[Tinhlayo-swiyenge]] (''[[:en:Algebra|Algebra]]'')
# [[Nkambisiso-tinhlayo]] (''[[:en:Mathematical analysis|Mathematical analysis]]'')
# [[Ntsandza-vahlayi]] (''[[:en:Infinity|Infinity]]'')
# [[Ntsemano (Tinhlayo)|Mpimo]] (''[[:en:Limit (mathematics)|Limit|Limit (mathematics)|Limit]]'')
# [[Vukumbeteri]] (''[[:en:Probability|Probability]]'')

{{col-break}}
# [[Ntsengo wa tinhlayo]] (''[[:en:Statistics|Statistics]]'')
# [[Tinhlayo-vupimi]] (''[[:en:Geometry|Geometry]]'')
# [[Mbyekelo]] (''[[:en:Angle|Angle]]'')
# [[Vudzhawu (Tinhlayo)]] (''[[:en:Area|Area]]'')
# [[Tinhla to komba vundzhawu]] (''[[:en:Coordinates (mathematics)|Coordinates|Coordinates (mathematics)|Coordinates]]'')
# [[Mpimo]] (''[[:en:Dimension|Dimension]]'')
# [[Ntila]] (''[[:en:Line (mathematics)|Line|Line (mathematics)|Line]]'')
# [[Yinhla (Tinhlayo)|Yinhla]] (''[[:en:Point (mathematics)|Point|Point (mathematics)|Point]]'')
# [[Xivumbeko]] (''[[:en:Shape|Shape]]'')
# [[Xirhendzevutana]] (''[[:en:Circle|Circle]]'')
# [[Bokisi ro ringanana]] (''[[:en:Cube|Cube]]'')
# [[Rhandzavula]] (''[[:en:Sphere|Sphere]]'')
# [[Xikwere]] (''[[:en:Square (geometry)|Square|Square (geometry)|Square]]'')
# [[Yinhlanharhu]] (''[[:en:Triangle|Triangle]]'')
# [[Mpimo-kufunengeta]] (''[[:en:Volume|Volume]]'')
# [[Tinhlayo-vubyekelo]] (''[[:en:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Vupimi (''Measurement'') ( 11 : 11 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# [[Mpimo]] (''[[:en:Measurement|Measurement]]'')
# [[Siku]] (''[[:en:Day|Day]]'')
# [[Lembe]] (''[[:en:Year|Year]]'')
# [[Kuleha]] (''[[:en:Length|Length]]'')
# [[Mitara]] (''[[:en:Metre|Metre]]'')
# [[Mpfhuka]] (''[[:en:Distance|Distance]]'')
{{col-break}}

# [[Litara]] (''[[:en:Litre|Litre]]'')
# [[Vunyingi-swilo]] (''[[:en:Mass|Mass]]'')
# [[Ntikelo]] (''[[:en:Weight|Weight]]'')
# [[Khilogiramu]] (''[[:en:Kilogram|Kilogram]]'')
# [[Thani]] (''[[:en:Ton|Ton]]'')

{{col-end}}

== Vona na kambe ==
*[[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/2|Matsalwa ya nkoka ya 100]]

[[Category:Matsalwa yankoka|Matsalwa yankoka]]</text>
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| Australian | orchid = &lt;nowiki&gt;#eba9ee&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| Austroasiatic | Austro-Asiatic | Austro-asiatic | lightcoral = lightcoral
| Austronesian | tomato = pink
| pink = tomato
| Caucasian = lightgreen
| Conlang | conlang | constructed language | black = black
| Creole | creole = tan
| Dravidian | mediumspringgreen = mediumspringgreen
| Eskimo-Aleut | lightcyan = lightcyan
| Hmong-Mien = &lt;nowiki&gt;#ff0033&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| Indo-European | lawngreen = lawngreen
| isolate | language isolate | Isolate | #dddddd = &lt;nowiki&gt;#dddddd&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| Khoisan | goldenrod = goldenrod
| Mixed | mixed = tan
| Na-Dene | Na-Dené | Dene-Yeniseian | Dené-Yeniseian | deepskyblue = deepskyblue
| Niger-Congo | orange = orange
| Nilo-Saharan | gold = gold
| Palaeosiberian | Palaeo-Siberian | Palaeo-siberian | Paleosiberian | Paleo-Siberian | Paleo-siberian = darkseagreen
| Papuan | violet = &lt;nowiki&gt;#fd79da&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| Pidgin | pidgin = tan
| Sign | sign | sign language | silver = silver
| lightgreen = lightgreen
| Sino-Tibetan = tomato
| Tai-Kadai | lavender = lavender
| Uralic | limegreen = limegreen
|
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;


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| colspan=&quot;{{
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 |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{
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      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9396120]]</comment>
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|-
| style=&quot;top; padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; |{{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{#ifeq:{{Infobox Language/family-color|{{{3|}}}}}|black}}
  | Setting and usage
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  | {{{2|—}}}
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      <contributor>
        <username>YiFeiBot</username>
        <id>3774</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 1 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q13530092]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2180" sha1="k5smcl2v543am644bgpyo2ankm7xrog" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;
'''Usage:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[template:Infobox Language|Infobox Language]]&lt;nowiki&gt;/genetic2|&lt;family/color&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;Replace &lt;family/color&gt; with the language family or specific color to display genetic classification for.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{
#switch:{{{1|}}}
| Afro-Asiatic | Afro-asiatic | yellow = [[Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]]
| Niger-Congo | orange = [[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo]]
| Nilo-Saharan | gold = [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]]
| Khoisan | goldenrod = [[Khoisan languages|Khoisan]]
| Indo-European | lawngreen = [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
| Caucasian | lightgreen = [[Languages of the Caucasus|Caucasian]]
| Altaic | yellowgreen = [[Altaic languages|Altaic]]
| Uralic | limegreen = [[Uralic languages|Uralic]]
| Dravidian | mediumspringgreen = [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]]
| Paleosiberian | Paleo-Siberian | Paleo-siberian | Palaeosiberian | Palaeo-Siberian | Palaeo-siberian = [[Paleosiberian languages|Paleosiberian]]
| Austronesian | pink = [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]
| Austro-Asiatic | Austro-asiatic | Austroasiatic | lightcoral = [[Austro-Asiatic languages|Austro-Asiatic]]
| Sino-Tibetan | tomato = [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]
| Hmong-Mien = [[Hmong-Mien languages|Hmong-Mien]]
| Australian | orchid = [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australian]]
| Papuan | violet = [[Papuan languages|Papuan]]
| Tai-Kadai | lavender = [[Tai-Kadai languages|Tai-Kadai]]
| American | lightblue = [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|American]]
| Na-Dene | Na-Dené | deepskyblue = [[Na-Dené languages|Na-Dené]]
| Dene-Yeniseian | Dené-Yeniseian | deepskyblue = [[Dené-Yeniseian languages|Dené-Yeniseian]]
| Eskimo-Aleut | lightcyan = [[Eskimo-Aleut languages|Eskimo-Aleut]]
| Creole | creole = [[Creole language|Creole]]
| Pidgin | pidgin = [[Pidgin|Pidgin]]
| Mixed | mixed = [[Mixed language|Mixed]]
| Isolate | isolate | language isolate | #dddddd = [[language isolate]]
| Sign | sign | sign language | silver = [[sign language]]
| Conlang | conlang | constructed language | black = [[constructed language]]
| Default | default | white = —
|
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>8167</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>New page: |- |colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;boilerplate metadata&quot; style=&quot;line-height:10pt; padding:0.5em;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;'''Note''': This page may contain [[Help:IPA|IPA]] phonetic symbols in [[Unicode]]. {{#if:{{{I...</comment>
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|colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;boilerplate metadata&quot; style=&quot;line-height:10pt; padding:0.5em;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;'''Note''': This page may contain [[Help:IPA|IPA]] phonetic symbols in [[Unicode]]. {{#if:{{{IPAChartEng|}}}|See [[Help:pronunciation]] for an [[English language|English]]-{{unicode|​}}based pronunciation key.}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;
[[af:Sjabloon:Inligtingskas Taal/IFA kennisgewing‎]]
[[eu:Txantiloi:Hizkuntza infotaula/NAF oharra]]
[[ml:ഫലകം:Infobox Language/IPA notice]]
[[ja:Template:Infobox Language/IPA notice]]
[[sl:Predloga:Infopolje Jezik/IPA opomba]]
[[vi:Tiêu bản:Language IPA notice]]
[[zh:Template:Infobox Language/IPA notice]]
[[Category:Language infobox templates|IPA]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <id>2641</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8169</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:19:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>New page: {{ {{{1}}} | alias = ? | flag alias = Sin bandera.svg | name = ? }}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
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{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2019-05-21T05:46:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
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      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_Mozambique_(1975-1983).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Mozambique_(1975–1983).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:).</comment>
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| alias = Muzambhiki
| flag alias = Flag of Mozambique.svg
| flag alias-1974 = Flag of Mozambique (1974-1975).svg
| flag alias-1975 = Flag of Mozambique (1975–1983).svg
| flag alias-1983 = Flag of Mozambique (1983).svg
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1974
| var2 = 1975
| var3 = 1983
| redir1 = MOZ
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>8171</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:22:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{country data {{{1|}}} | country flag2 | name = {{{name|{{{1|}}}}}} | variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}} | size = {{{size|}}} }}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
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      <text bytes="167" sha1="hbn67h8abmpsaaj6ofn1v50a6b0tsjz" xml:space="preserve">{{country data {{{1|}}}
| country flag2
| name = {{{name|{{{1|}}}}}}
| variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}}
| size = {{{size|}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hbn67h8abmpsaaj6ofn1v50a6b0tsjz</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Country flag2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2644</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8172</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:23:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|22x20px}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}} |{{{alt attribute|Flag ...</comment>
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      <text bytes="286" sha1="2ft8x27yc8hxv4404kk04oafszc5051" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|22x20px}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}} |{{{alt attribute|Flag of {{{alias}}}}}}]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;[[{{{alias}}}|{{{name}}}]]&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <redirect title="Template:Country data Mozambique" />
    <revision>
      <id>8173</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:23:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Template:Country data Mozambique]]</comment>
      <origin>8173</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86" sha1="p1iyms0nekbou8g3zmfvnuqszmfdb8m" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Country data Mozambique]]
[[category:country data redirects|MOZ]]</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2646</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32086</id>
      <parentid>27445</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:58:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
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      <comment>Trial</comment>
      <origin>32086</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="637" sha1="76c6afznl35dam06cuzt46596tynjez" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = Afrika-Dzonga
| flag alias = Flag of South Africa.svg
| flag alias-1910 = Flag_of_South_Africa_1910-1912.svg
| flag alias-1928 = Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of South Africa.svg
| link alias-naval = South African Navy
| flag alias-air force = SAAF flag.png
| link alias-air force = South African Air Force
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1910
| var2 = 1928
| redir1 = ZAF
| redir2 = RSA
| related1 = Transvaal
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data RSA</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2647</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Country data South Africa" />
    <revision>
      <id>8175</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:25:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Template:Country data South Africa]]</comment>
      <origin>8175</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="88" sha1="6bqy05919hywg3awf16tjpzclvm9umi" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Country data South Africa]]
[[category:country data redirects|RSA]]</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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    <redirect title="Template:Country data South Africa" />
    <revision>
      <id>8176</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:25:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Template:Country data South Africa]]</comment>
      <origin>8176</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="88" sha1="8j6k7fea7gxrqpwgj7kxgnpecm66sbz" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Country data South Africa]]
[[Category:Country data redirects|ZAF]]</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2649</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8177</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:26:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>New page: &lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|22x20px}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}} |{{{alt attribute|Flag ...</comment>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2650</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32812</id>
      <parentid>8178</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-11-06T19:28:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
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      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_Swaziland.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Eswatini.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · The name in en.wiki has been changed to [[:c::en:Eswati</comment>
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| alias = Swaziland
| flag alias = Flag of Eswatini.svg
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| redir1 = SWZ
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>8180</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:31:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Redirecting to [[Afrika-Dzonga]]</comment>
      <origin>8180</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="qnon6fyc6iefei472xx1bxga9w0geh7" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Afrika-Dzonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Country flagcountry2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2652</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8181</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:31:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|22x20px}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}} |{{{alt attribute|Flag ...</comment>
      <origin>8181</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="340" sha1="a6z56bhm4e26snmdklyx546cs726ssi" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[Image:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|22x20px}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}} |{{{alt attribute|Flag of {{{alias}}}}}}]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;[[{{{alias}}}|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{shortname alias|{{{alias}}}}}}}}]]&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data SWZ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2653</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Country data Swaziland" />
    <revision>
      <id>8182</id>
      <timestamp>2008-08-27T16:33:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Template:Country data Swaziland]]</comment>
      <origin>8182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" sha1="rhomabc6313zw53ib494qqjelhh8kfx" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT[[Template:Country data Swaziland]]</text>
      <sha1>rhomabc6313zw53ib494qqjelhh8kfx</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data Zimbabwe</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26092</id>
      <parentid>8183</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-06-23T13:01:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>EmausBot</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q5853799]]</comment>
      <origin>26092</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="343" sha1="bl0hn8w01oew3xuxvfu7f2xgqyog4d9" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;
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| alias = Zimbabwe
| flag alias = Flag of Zimbabwe.svg
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| redir1 = ZWE
| redir2 = ZIM
| related1 = Rhodesia
| related2 = Southern Rhodesia
| related3 = Zimbabwe Rhodesia
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q10096880]]</comment>
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|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; color: {{{1}}}; background-color: {{{2}}};&quot;|Official status
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; |Ririmi-ximfumo e:
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot;|{{{3|''none''}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; |[[List of language regulators|Rilanguteriwa hi]]:
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot;|{{{4|''none''}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Language infobox templates|Official]]
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      <comment>fix lint</comment>
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&lt;!----------Name----------&gt;
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{{#if:{{{image|}}} |
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|4|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|5|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|6|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|7|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|8|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|9|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|0|
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| state_house0 = {{{state_house0|}}}
| state_legislature0 = {{{state_legislature0|}}}
| state_senate0 = {{{state_senate0|}}}
| state0 = {{{state0|}}}
| succeeded0 = {{{succeeded0|}}}
| succeeding0 = {{{succeeding0|}}}
| successor0 = {{{successor0|}}}
| taoiseach0 = {{{taoiseach0|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termend0|}}}||_}}end0 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termend0|}}}||_}}end0|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termstart0|}}}||_}}start0 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termstart0|}}}||_}}start0|}}}
| term0 = {{{term0|}}}
| title0 = {{{title0|}}}
| vicegovernor0 = {{{vicegovernor0|}}}
| vicepresident0 = {{{vicepresident0|}}}
| vicepremier0 = {{{vicepremier0|}}}
| viceprimeminister0 = {{{viceprimeminister0|}}}
| party = {{{party|}}}
| prior_term0 = {{{prior_term0|}}}
}}}}
&lt;!----------Personal data----------&gt;
{{Infobox Officeholder/Personal data
| birth{{#if:{{{birthdate|}}}||_}}date = {{{birth{{#if:{{{birthdate|}}}||_}}date|}}}
| birth{{#if:{{{birthplace|}}}||_}}place = {{{birth{{#if:{{{birthplace|}}}||_}}place|}}}
| death{{#if:{{{deathdate|}}}||_}}date = {{{death{{#if:{{{deathdate|}}}||_}}date|}}}
| death{{#if:{{{deathplace|}}}||_}}place = {{{death{{#if:{{{deathplace|}}}||_}}place|}}}
| date of birth = {{{date of birth|}}}
| place of birth = {{{place of birth|}}}
| date of death = {{{date of death|}}}
| place of death = {{{place of death|}}}
| restingplace = {{{restingplace|}}}
| restingplacecoordinates = {{{restingplacecoordinates|}}}
| birthname = {{{birthname|}}}
| nationality = {{{nationality|}}}
| party = {{{party|}}}
| otherparty = {{{otherparty|}}}
| spouse = {{{spouse|}}}
| partner = {{{partner|}}}
| relations = {{{relations|}}}
| children = {{{children|}}}
| residence = {{{residence|}}}
| alma_mater = {{{alma_mater|}}}
| occupation = {{{occupation|}}}
| profession = {{{profession|}}}
| net worth = {{{net worth|}}}
| cabinet = {{{cabinet|}}}
| committees = {{{committees|}}}
| portfolio = {{{portfolio|}}}
| religion = {{{religion|}}}
| blank1= {{{blank1|}}}
| data1= {{{data1|}}}
| blank2= {{{blank2|}}}
| data2= {{{data2|}}}
| blank3= {{{blank3|}}}
| data3= {{{data3|}}}
| blank4= {{{blank4|}}}
| data4= {{{data4|}}}
| blank5= {{{blank5|}}}
| data5= {{{data5|}}}
| website= {{{website|}}}
| nickname = {{{nickname|}}}
| allegiance = {{{allegiance|}}}
| branch = {{{branch|}}}
| serviceyears ={{{serviceyears|}}}
| rank = {{{rank|}}}
| unit = {{{unit|}}}
| commands = {{{commands|}}}
| battles = {{{battles|}}}
| awards = {{{awards|}}}
| military_blank1= {{{military_blank1|}}}
| military_data1= {{{military_data1|}}}
| military_blank2= {{{military_blank2|}}}
| military_data2= {{{military_data2|}}}
| military_blank3= {{{military_blank3|}}}
| military_data3= {{{military_data3|}}}
| military_blank4= {{{military_blank4|}}}
| military_data4= {{{military_data4|}}}
| military_blank5= {{{military_blank5|}}}
| military_data5= {{{military_data5|}}}
| footnotes = {{{footnotes|}}}
| date= {{{date|}}}
| year= {{{year|}}}
| source= {{{source|}}}
| signature = {{{signature|}}}
}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n82es28zlt5w0frhfkr6h8fd9hdwm0e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox Officeholder/Office</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2658</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8231</id>
      <parentid>8230</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-09-01T08:46:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>8231</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15413" sha1="ct6u8x9fwkje8cmly2jbhdjf8zm2sez" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;
:''This template is used in conjunction with {{tl|Infobox Officeholder}}.''
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!----------Speaker of the House----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{speaker|}}}|
{{#if:{{{state_legislature|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;{{{speaker}}} [[Speaker of the {{{legislature|}}} Legislature]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
|{{#if:{{{state_assembly|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;{{{speaker}}} [[Speaker of the {{{state_assembly|}}} {{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|Nevada||{{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|New Jersey|General|State}}}} Assembly]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
|{{#if:{{{speaker|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;{{{speaker}}} {{#if:{{{speaker_office|}}}|{{{speaker_office}}}|[[Speaker of the {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}} |{{{state_delegate}}}|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|United States}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}|Speaker of the {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}} |{{{state_delegate}}}|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|U.S.}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}]]}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
}}
}}
}}
&lt;!----------Office----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|nominee|candidate}}{{{1}}}|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt; {{#if:{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}|{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}&amp;nbsp;}}{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#if:{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}|n|N}}ominee|{{#if:{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}|c|C}}andidate}} for&lt;br&gt;{{{{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|nominee|candidate}}{{{1}}}|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}|}}}{{{election_date{{{1}}}|}}} |
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:none; text-align:center;&quot;{{!}}'''Election&amp;nbsp;date'''&lt;br /&gt;{{#if:{{{election_date{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{election_date{{{1}}}}}}|{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
}}
{{#if:{{{majority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{majorityleader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{minority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{minority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{majority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}||
{{#if:{{{jr/sr{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;[[United States Senate|{{{jr/sr{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}} |-elect}}]]&lt;br /&gt;from {{{state{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{jr/sr and state{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;{{{jr/sr and state{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{state_senate{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;Member of the [[{{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]&lt;br /&gt;from the {{{district{{{1}}}}}} district{{#if:{{{prior_term{{{1}}}|}}}|
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{{prior_term{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{state_legislature{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;Member of the [[{{{state_legislature{{{1}}}}}} Legislature]]&lt;br /&gt;from the {{{district{{{1}}}}}} district&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
}}
{{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{ambassador_from{{{1}}}|}}}|ambassador|minister}}_from{{{1}}}|}}}||
{{#if:{{{order{{{1}}}|}}} | 
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}} &lt;hr/&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;{{{order{{{1}}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}} |&amp;nbsp;[[{{{office{{{1}}}}}}]]}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{state{{{1}}}|}}}  |&amp;nbsp;[[{{{state{{{1}}}}}}]]}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{title{{{1}}}|}}}  |&amp;nbsp;{{{title{{{1}}}}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-|
{{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;{{{office{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{title{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;{{{title{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
}}
}}
&lt;!----------Ambassador----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{ambassador_from{{{1}}}|}}}|ambassador|minister}}_from{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{#if:{{{country{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{order{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{order{{{1}}}}}}}} [[{{{{{#if:{{{ambassador_from{{{1}}}|}}}|ambassador|minister}}_from{{{1}}}}}} Ambassador to {{{country{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{minister_from{{{1}}}|}}}|{{!}}{{{minister_from{{{1}}}}}} Minister to {{{country{{{1}}}}}}}}]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
}}
&lt;!----------MP----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|AM|MP}}{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{parliament{{{1}}}|}}}|Ireland|[[Teachta Dála]]|{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#if:{{{assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|Member of the [[{{{assembly{{{1}}}}}} Assembly]]|Assembly Member}}|Member of {{#if:{{{parliament{{{1}}}|}}}|the [[{{{parliament{{{1}}}}}} Parliament]]|Parliament}}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;for {{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|AM|MP}}{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{riding{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#if:{{{assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|Member of the [[{{{assembly{{{1}}}}}} Assembly]]|Assembly Member}}|Member of {{#if:{{{parliament{{{1}}}|}}}|the [[{{{parliament{{{1}}}}}} Parliament]]|Parliament}}}}&lt;br /&gt;for {{{riding{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!----------Majority Leader (State Senate)----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{majority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;{{{majority_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Majority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Majority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!----------Majority Floor Leader (State Senate)----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{majority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;{{{majority_floor_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Majority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Majority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!----------Minority Leader (State Senate)----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{minority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;{{{minority_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Minority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Minority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!----------Minority Floor Leader (State Senate)----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{minority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;{{{minority_floor_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Minority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Minority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!----------Majority Leader----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{majorityleader{{{1}}}|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;{{{majorityleader{{{1}}}}}} [[United States Senate Majority Leader]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!----------Congressman----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{state_legislature{{{1}}}|}}}{{{state_senate{{{1}}}|}}}{{{jr/sr{{{1}}}|}}}{{{jr/sr and state{{{1}}}|}}}||
{{#if:{{{district{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Representative-elect{{#if:{{{state{{{1}}}|}}}|&amp;nbsp;from&lt;br /&gt;{{{state{{{1}}}}}}'s {{{district{{{1}}}}}}}}
{{!}}-|{{#if:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender;&quot;&gt;Member of the [[{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}} {{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|Nevada||{{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|New Jersey|General|State}}}} Assembly]]&lt;br /&gt;from {{#if:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|the {{{district{{{1}}}}}}}} district&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
|{{#if:{{{district{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:110%;&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background:lavender; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Member of the [[{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}} |{{{state_house{{{1}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}}}}|United States}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}|{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}} |{{{state_house{{{1}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}}}}|U.S.}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}]]&lt;br /&gt;from {{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|the |{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}}|the |{{{state{{{1}}}}}}'s}}}} {{{district{{{1}}}}}} district{{#if:{{{prior_term{{{1}}}|}}}|
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{{prior_term{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
&lt;!----------Term----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|nominee|candidate}}{{{1}}}|}}}||
{{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:none; text-align:center;&quot;{{!}}'''Taking&amp;nbsp;office'''&lt;br /&gt;{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
|{{#if: {{{term{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:none; text-align:center;&quot;{{!}}'''E&amp;nbsp;ofisini'''&lt;br /&gt;{{{term{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}|}}}|
{{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termend{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}end{{{1}}}|}}}
|&lt;!--then term has start and end:--&gt;
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:none; text-align:center;&quot;{{!}}'''E&amp;nbsp;ofisini'''&lt;br /&gt;{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}&amp;nbsp;&amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp;{{{term{{#if:{{{termend{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}end{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}|&lt;br /&gt;Serving with {{{alongside{{{1}}}}}}}}
{{!}}-
|&lt;!--else:--&gt; &lt;!--term is ongoing--&gt;
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background:lavender;&quot;{{!}} '''[[Incumbent]]'''
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termend{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}end{{{1}}}|}}}
|&lt;!--then nothing else; term has ended--&gt;
|&lt;!--else term is ongoing:--&gt;
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;{{!}}'''Assumed&amp;nbsp;office&amp;nbsp;'''&lt;br /&gt;{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}|&lt;br /&gt;Serving with {{{alongside{{{1}}}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
}}
}}
}}
&lt;!---------- President, Prime Minister, Governor----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{monarch{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Monarch
{{!}} {{{monarch{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{president{{{1}}}|}}}|
! presidenti
{{!}} {{{president{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general{{{1}}}|}}}|-|_}}general{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Governor{{#if:{{{governor-general{{{1}}}|}}}|&amp;ndash;|&amp;nbsp;}}General
{{!}} {{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general{{{1}}}|}}}|-|_}}general{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{primeminister{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Prime&amp;nbsp;Minister
{{!}} {{{primeminister{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{chancellor{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Chancellor
{{!}} {{{chancellor{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{taoiseach{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Taoiseach
{{!}} {{{taoiseach{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{firstminister{{{1}}}|}}}|
! First&amp;nbsp;Minister
{{!}} {{{firstminister{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{premier{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Premier
{{!}} {{{premier{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{governor{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Governor
{{!}} {{{governor{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{lieutenant_governor{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Lieutenant&amp;nbsp;Governor
{{!}} {{{lieutenant_governor{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!---------- Vice president/s, Vice Prime Minister/s, Deputy/ies, Lieutenant/s----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{vicepresident{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Xandla&amp;nbsp;xa&amp;nbsp;Presidenti]]|Xandla&amp;nbsp;xa&amp;nbsp;Presidenti}}|Xandla&amp;nbsp;xa&amp;nbsp;Presidenti}}
{{!}} {{{vicepresident{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{vicegovernor{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Vice&amp;nbsp;Governor]]|Vice&amp;nbsp;Governor}}|Vice&amp;nbsp;Governor}}
{{!}} {{{vicegovernor{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{viceprimeminister{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|[[Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Vice&amp;nbsp;PM]]|Vice&amp;nbsp;[[Prime Minister|PM]]}}
{{!}} {{{viceprimeminister{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{vicepremier{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Vice {{{office}}}|Vice&amp;nbsp;Premier]]|Vice&amp;nbsp;Premier}}|Vice&amp;nbsp;Premier}}
{{!}} {{{vicepremier{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{deputy{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Deputy {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Deputy {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Deputy]]|Deputy}}|Deputy}}
{{!}} {{{deputy{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{leader{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Leader
{{!}} {{{leader{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{lieutenant{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|[[Lieutenant {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Lieutenant]]|Lieutenant}}
{{!}} {{{lieutenant{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{nominator{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Nominated&amp;nbsp;by
{{!}} {{{nominator{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer|}}}|r|d}}{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Appointed&amp;nbsp;by
{{!}} {{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer|}}}|r|d}}{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!---------- Blank fields ----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{1namedata{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{{1blankname{{{1}}}|}}}
{{!}} {{{1namedata{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{2namedata{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{{2blankname{{{1}}}|}}}
{{!}} {{{2namedata{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{3namedata{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{{3blankname{{{1}}}|}}}
{{!}} {{{3namedata{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{4namedata{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{{4blankname{{{1}}}|}}}
{{!}} {{{4namedata{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{5namedata{{{1}}}|}}}|
! {{{5blankname{{{1}}}|}}}
{{!}} {{{5namedata{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!----------Predecessor/successor----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{runningmate{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Running&amp;nbsp;mate
{{!}} {{{runningmate{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{opponent{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Opponent(s)
{{!}} {{{opponent{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{incumbent{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Incumbent
{{!}} {{{incumbent{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Loyi a landzeleke
{{!}} {{{succeeding{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
|{{#if:{{{preceding{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Loyi a rhangeke
{{!}} {{{preceding{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{predecessor{{{1}}}|}}}|predecessor|preceded}}{{{1}}}|}}} |
! U&amp;nbsp;landzela
{{!}} {{{{{#if:{{{predecessor{{{1}}}|}}}|predecessor|preceded}}{{{1}}}|}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#switch:{{{{{#if:{{{successor{{{1}}}|}}}|successor|succeeded}}{{{1}}}|}}}
| Incumbent
| '''Incumbent'''
| ''Incumbent''
| [[Incumbent]]
| incumbent
| '''incumbent'''
| ''incumbent''
| [[incumbent]] =
|{{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{successor{{{1}}}|}}}|successor|succeeded}}{{{1}}}|}}} |
! A&amp;nbsp;landzeriwa&amp;nbsp;hi
{{!}} {{{{{#if:{{{successor{{{1}}}|}}}|successor|succeeded}}{{{1}}}|}}} }}
{{!}}-
}}}}
&lt;!-----Constituency-----&gt;
{{#if:{{{constituency{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Constituency
{{!}} {{{constituency{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!-----Majority-----&gt;
{{#if:{{{majority{{{1}}}|}}}|
! Majority
{{!}} {{{majority{{{1}}}}}}
{{!}}-
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ct6u8x9fwkje8cmly2jbhdjf8zm2sez</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox Officeholder</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2659</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36751</id>
      <parentid>8200</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-09-04T05:26:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>6628</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix lint</comment>
      <origin>36751</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38309" sha1="s53qnmzkj10wq7ilcu07lllhkqsypoj" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 1px; width:23em; font-size:90%; text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;&quot;
&lt;!----------Name----------&gt;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:140%; font-weight:bold;&quot;|&lt;div class=&quot;imagemap-inline&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{honorific-prefix|}}}|&lt;span class=&quot;honorific-prefix&quot; style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;{{{honorific-prefix}}}&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;}}&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;{{#if:{{{honorific-suffix|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;honorific-suffix&quot; style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;{{{honorific-suffix}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;
|-
&lt;!----------Image----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{image|}}} |
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; {{#switch:{{{image}}}|Replace this image male.svg|Replace this image female.svg|Replace this image1.svg|Replace this imageb.svg=class=dummy}}{{!}}[[Image:{{{image}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{image|}}}|Replace this image1.svg|150px|{{#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{imagesize}}}|{{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|225px}}}}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;small&gt;{{{caption|}}}&lt;/small&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{image name|}}} |
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;{{!}} [[Image:{{{image name}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{image name|}}}|Replace this image1.svg|150px|{{#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{imagesize}}}|160px}}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;small&gt;{{{caption|}}}&lt;/small&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{smallimage|}}} |
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;{{!}} [[Image:{{{smallimage}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{{caption|}}}&lt;/small&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
&lt;!----------Office----------&gt;
{{#if:{{{speaker|}}}|
{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}||
{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|2|
| 1blankname2 = {{{1blankname2|}}}
| 1namedata2 = {{{1namedata2|}}}
| 2blankname2 = {{{2blankname2|}}}
| 2namedata2 = {{{2namedata2|}}}
| 3blankname2 = {{{3blankname2|}}}
| 3namedata2 = {{{3namedata2|}}}
| 4blankname2 = {{{4blankname2|}}}
| 4namedata2 = {{{4namedata2|}}}
| 5blankname2 = {{{5blankname2|}}}
| 5namedata2 = {{{5namedata2|}}}
| alongside2 = {{{alongside2|}}}
| ambassador_from2 = {{{ambassador_from2|}}}
| appointe{{#if:{{{appointer2|}}}|r|d}}2 = {{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer2|}}}|r|d}}2|}}}
| assembly2 = {{{assembly2|}}}
| chancellor2 = {{{chancellor2|}}}
| constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM2|}}}|AM|MP}}2 = {{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM2|}}}|AM|MP}}2|}}}
| constituency2 = {{{constituency2|}}}
| country2 = {{{country2|}}}
| deputy2 = {{{deputy2|}}}
| district2 = {{{district2|}}}
| firstminister2 = {{{firstminister2|}}}
| governor{{#if:{{{governor-general2|}}}|-|_}}general2 = {{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general2|}}}|-|_}}general2|}}}
| governor2 = {{{governor2|}}}
| jr/sr2 = {{{jr/sr2|}}}
| jr/sr and state2 = {{{jr/sr and state2|}}}
| leader2 = {{{leader2|}}}
| legislature2 = {{{legislature2|}}}
| lieutenant_governor2 = {{{lieutenant_governor2|}}}
| lieutenant2 = {{{lieutenant2|}}}
| majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader2|}}}||_}}leader2 = {{{majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader2|}}}||_}}leader2|}}}
| minister_from2 = {{{minister_from2|}}}
| minority_floor_leader2 = {{{minority_floor_leader2|}}}
| majority_floor_leader2 = {{{majority_floor_leader2|}}}
| majority2 = {{{majority2|}}}
| minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader2|}}}||_}}leader2 = {{{minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader2|}}}||_}}leader2|}}}
| monarch2 = {{{monarch2|}}}
| nominator2 = {{{nominator2|}}}
| office2 = {{{office2|}}}
| order2 = {{{order2|}}}
| parliament2 = {{{parliament2|}}}
| predecessor2 = {{{predecessor2|}}}
| preceding2 = {{{preceding2|}}}
| preceded2 = {{{preceded2|}}}
| premier2 = {{{premier2|}}}
| president2 = {{{president2|}}}
| primeminister2 = {{{primeminister2|}}}
| riding2 = {{{riding2|}}}
| speaker = {{{speaker|}}}
| speaker_office = {{{speaker_office|}}}
| state_assembly = {{{state_assembly|}}}
| state_delegate = {{{state_delegate|}}}
| state_house = {{{state_house|}}}
| state_legislature = {{{state_legislature|}}}
| state_senate = {{{state_senate|}}}
| state = {{{state|}}}
| succeeded2 = {{{succeeded2|}}}
| succeeding2 = {{{succeeding2|}}}
| successor2 = {{{successor2|}}}
| taoiseach2 = {{{taoiseach2|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termend2|}}}||_}}end2 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termend2|}}}||_}}end2|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termstart2|}}}||_}}start2 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termstart2|}}}||_}}start2|}}}
| term2 = {{{term2|}}}
| title2 = {{{title2|}}}
| vicegovernor2 = {{{vicegovernor2|}}}
| vicepresident2 = {{{vicepresident2|}}}
| vicepremier2 = {{{vicepremier2|}}}
| viceprimeminister2 = {{{viceprimeminister2|}}}
| party = {{{party|}}}
| prior_term = {{{prior_term|}}}
}}}}}}
{{Infobox Officeholder/Office||
| 1blankname = {{{1blankname|}}}
| 1namedata = {{{1namedata|}}}
| 2blankname = {{{2blankname|}}}
| 2namedata = {{{2namedata|}}}
| 3blankname = {{{3blankname|}}}
| 3namedata = {{{3namedata|}}}
| 4blankname = {{{4blankname|}}}
| 4namedata = {{{4namedata|}}}
| 5blankname = {{{5blankname|}}}
| 5namedata = {{{5namedata|}}}
| alongside = {{{alongside|}}}
| ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from|}}}
| appointe{{#if:{{{appointer|}}}|r|d}} = {{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer|}}}|r|d}}|}}}
| assembly = {{{assembly|}}}
| candidate = {{{candidate|}}}
| chancellor = {{{chancellor|}}}
| constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM|}}}|AM|MP}}|}}}
| constituency = {{{constituency|}}}
| country = {{{country|}}}
| deputy = {{{deputy|}}}
| district = {{{district|}}}
| election_date = {{{election_date|}}}
| firstminister = {{{firstminister|}}}
| governor{{#if:{{{governor-general|}}}|-|_}}general = {{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general|}}}|-|_}}general|}}}
| governor = {{{governor|}}}
| incumbent = {{{incumbent|}}}
| jr/sr = {{{jr/sr|}}}
| jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state|}}}
| leader = {{{leader|}}}
| legislature = {{{legislature|}}}
| lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor|}}}
| lieutenant = {{{lieutenant|}}}
| majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader|}}}||_}}leader = {{{majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader|}}}||_}}leader|}}}
| majority = {{{majority|}}}
| minister_from = {{{minister_from|}}}
| minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader|}}}
| majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader|}}}
| minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader|}}}||_}}leader = {{{minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader|}}}||_}}leader|}}}
| monarch = {{{monarch|}}}
| nominator = {{{nominator|}}}
| nominee = {{{nominee|}}}
| office = {{{office|}}}
| opponent = {{{opponent|}}}
| order = {{{order|}}}
| parliament = {{{parliament|}}}
| party_election = {{{party_election|}}}
| predecessor = {{{predecessor|}}}
| preceding = {{{preceding|}}}
| preceded = {{{preceded|}}}
| premier = {{{premier|}}}
| president = {{{president|}}}
| primeminister = {{{primeminister|}}}
| riding = {{{riding|}}}
| runningmate = {{{runningmate|}}}
| state_assembly = {{{state_assembly|}}}
| state_delegate = {{{state_delegate|}}}
| state_house = {{{state_house|}}}
| state_legislature = {{{state_legislature|}}}
| state_senate = {{{state_senate|}}}
| state = {{{state|}}}
| succeeded = {{{succeeded|}}}
| succeeding = {{{succeeding|}}}
| successor = {{{successor|}}}
| taoiseach = {{{taoiseach|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termend|}}}||_}}end = {{{term{{#if:{{{termend|}}}||_}}end|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termstart|}}}||_}}start = {{{term{{#if:{{{termstart|}}}||_}}start|}}}
| term = {{{term|}}}
| title = {{{title|}}}
| vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor|}}}
| vicepresident = {{{vicepresident|}}}
| vicepremier = {{{vicepremier|}}}
| viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister|}}}
| party = {{{party|}}}
| prior_term = {{{prior_term|}}}
}}
{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}||
{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|1|
| 1blankname1 = {{{1blankname1|}}}
| 1namedata1 = {{{1namedata1|}}}
| 2blankname1 = {{{2blankname1|}}}
| 2namedata1 = {{{2namedata1|}}}
| 3blankname1 = {{{3blankname1|}}}
| 3namedata1 = {{{3namedata1|}}}
| 4blankname1 = {{{4blankname1|}}}
| 4namedata1 = {{{4namedata1|}}}
| 5blankname1 = {{{5blankname1|}}}
| 5namedata1 = {{{5namedata1|}}}
| alongside1 = {{{alongside1|}}}
| ambassador_from1 = {{{ambassador_from1|}}}
| appointe{{#if:{{{appointer1|}}}|r|d}}1 = {{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer1|}}}|r|d}}1|}}}
| assembly1 = {{{assembly1|}}}
| chancellor1 = {{{chancellor1|}}}
| constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM1|}}}|AM|MP}}1 = {{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM1|}}}|AM|MP}}1|}}}
| constituency1 = {{{constituency1|}}}
| country1 = {{{country1|}}}
| deputy1 = {{{deputy1|}}}
| district1 = {{{district1|}}}
| firstminister1 = {{{firstminister1|}}}
| governor{{#if:{{{governor-general1|}}}|-|_}}general1 = {{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general1|}}}|-|_}}general1|}}}
| governor1 = {{{governor1|}}}
| jr/sr1 = {{{jr/sr1|}}}
| jr/sr and state1 = {{{jr/sr and state1|}}}
| leader1 = {{{leader1|}}}
| legislature1 = {{{legislature1|}}}
| lieutenant_governor1 = {{{lieutenant_governor1|}}}
| lieutenant1 = {{{lieutenant1|}}}
| minority_floor_leader1 = {{{minority_floor_leader1|}}}
| minister_from1 = {{{minister_from1|}}}
| majority_floor_leader1 = {{{majority_floor_leader1|}}}
| majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader1|}}}||_}}leader1 = {{{majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader1|}}}||_}}leader1|}}}
| majority1 = {{{majority1|}}}
| minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader1|}}}||_}}leader1 = {{{minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader1|}}}||_}}leader1|}}}
| monarch1 = {{{monarch1|}}}
| nominator1 = {{{nominator1|}}}
| office1 = {{{office1|}}}
| order1 = {{{order1|}}}
| parliament1 = {{{parliament1|}}}
| predecessor1 = {{{predecessor1|}}}
| preceding1 = {{{preceding1|}}}
| preceded1 = {{{preceded1|}}}
| premier1 = {{{premier1|}}}
| president1 = {{{president1|}}}
| primeminister1 = {{{primeminister1|}}}
| riding1 = {{{riding1|}}}
| state_assembly1 = {{{state_assembly1|}}}
| state_delegate1 = {{{state_delegate1|}}}
| state_house1 = {{{state_house1|}}}
| state_legislature1 = {{{state_legislature1|}}}
| state_senate1 = {{{state_senate1|}}}
| state1 = {{{state1|}}}
| succeeded1 = {{{succeeded1|}}}
| succeeding1 = {{{succeeding1|}}}
| successor1 = {{{successor1|}}}
| taoiseach1 = {{{taoiseach1|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termend1|}}}||_}}end1 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termend1|}}}||_}}end1|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termstart1|}}}||_}}start1 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termstart1|}}}||_}}start1|}}}
| term1 = {{{term1|}}}
| title1 = {{{title1|}}}
| vicegovernor1 = {{{vicegovernor1|}}}
| vicepresident1 = {{{vicepresident1|}}}
| vicepremier1 = {{{vicepremier1|}}}
| viceprimeminister1 = {{{viceprimeminister1|}}}
| party = {{{party|}}}
| prior_term1 = {{{prior_term1|}}}
}}
{{#if:{{{speaker|}}}||
{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|2|
| 1blankname2 = {{{1blankname2|}}}
| 1namedata2 = {{{1namedata2|}}}
| 2blankname2 = {{{2blankname2|}}}
| 2namedata2 = {{{2namedata2|}}}
| 3blankname2 = {{{3blankname2|}}}
| 3namedata2 = {{{3namedata2|}}}
| 4blankname2 = {{{4blankname2|}}}
| 4namedata2 = {{{4namedata2|}}}
| 5blankname2 = {{{5blankname2|}}}
| 5namedata2 = {{{5namedata2|}}}
| alongside2 = {{{alongside2|}}}
| ambassador_from2 = {{{ambassador_from2|}}}
| appointe{{#if:{{{appointer2|}}}|r|d}}2 = {{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer2|}}}|r|d}}2|}}}
| assembly2 = {{{assembly2|}}}
| chancellor2 = {{{chancellor2|}}}
| constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM2|}}}|AM|MP}}2 = {{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM2|}}}|AM|MP}}2|}}}
| constituency2 = {{{constituency2|}}}
| country2 = {{{country2|}}}
| deputy2 = {{{deputy2|}}}
| district2 = {{{district2|}}}
| firstminister2 = {{{firstminister2|}}}
| governor{{#if:{{{governor-general2|}}}|-|_}}general2 = {{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general2|}}}|-|_}}general2|}}}
| governor2 = {{{governor2|}}}
| jr/sr2 = {{{jr/sr2|}}}
| jr/sr and state2 = {{{jr/sr and state2|}}}
| leader2 = {{{leader2|}}}
| legislature2 = {{{legislature2|}}}
| lieutenant_governor2 = {{{lieutenant_governor2|}}}
| lieutenant2 = {{{lieutenant2|}}}
| majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader2|}}}||_}}leader2 = {{{majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader2|}}}||_}}leader2|}}}
| minister_from2 = {{{minister_from2|}}}
| minority_floor_leader2 = {{{minority_floor_leader2|}}}
| majority_floor_leader2 = {{{majority_floor_leader2|}}}
| majority2 = {{{majority2|}}}
| minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader2|}}}||_}}leader2 = {{{minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader2|}}}||_}}leader2|}}}
| monarch2 = {{{monarch2|}}}
| nominator2 = {{{nominator2|}}}
| office2 = {{{office2|}}}
| order2 = {{{order2|}}}
| parliament2 = {{{parliament2|}}}
| predecessor2 = {{{predecessor2|}}}
| preceding2 = {{{preceding2|}}}
| preceded2 = {{{preceded2|}}}
| premier2 = {{{premier2|}}}
| president2 = {{{president2|}}}
| primeminister2 = {{{primeminister2|}}}
| riding2 = {{{riding2|}}}
| state_assembly2 = {{{state_assembly2|}}}
| state_delegate2 = {{{state_delegate2|}}}
| state_house2 = {{{state_house2|}}}
| state_legislature2 = {{{state_legislature2|}}}
| state_senate2 = {{{state_senate2|}}}
| state2 = {{{state2|}}}
| succeeded2 = {{{succeeded2|}}}
| succeeding2 = {{{succeeding2|}}}
| successor2 = {{{successor2|}}}
| taoiseach2 = {{{taoiseach2|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termend2|}}}||_}}end2 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termend2|}}}||_}}end2|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termstart2|}}}||_}}start2 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termstart2|}}}||_}}start2|}}}
| term2 = {{{term2|}}}
| title2 = {{{title2|}}}
| vicegovernor2 = {{{vicegovernor2|}}}
| vicepresident2 = {{{vicepresident2|}}}
| vicepremier2 = {{{vicepremier2|}}}
| viceprimeminister2 = {{{viceprimeminister2|}}}
| party = {{{party|}}}
| prior_term2 = {{{prior_term2|}}}
}}}}
{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|3|
| 1blankname3 = {{{1blankname3|}}}
| 1namedata3 = {{{1namedata3|}}}
| 2blankname3 = {{{2blankname3|}}}
| 2namedata3 = {{{2namedata3|}}}
| 3blankname3 = {{{3blankname3|}}}
| 3namedata3 = {{{3namedata3|}}}
| 4blankname3 = {{{4blankname3|}}}
| 4namedata3 = {{{4namedata3|}}}
| 5blankname3 = {{{5blankname3|}}}
| 5namedata3 = {{{5namedata3|}}}
| alongside3 = {{{alongside3|}}}
| ambassador_from3 = {{{ambassador_from3|}}}
| appointe{{#if:{{{appointer3|}}}|r|d}}3 = {{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer3|}}}|r|d}}3|}}}
| assembly3 = {{{assembly3|}}}
| chancellor3 = {{{chancellor3|}}}
| constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM3|}}}|AM|MP}}3 = {{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM3|}}}|AM|MP}}3|}}}
| constituency3 = {{{constituency3|}}}
| country3 = {{{country3|}}}
| deputy3 = {{{deputy3|}}}
| district3 = {{{district3|}}}
| firstminister3 = {{{firstminister3|}}}
| governor{{#if:{{{governor-general3|}}}|-|_}}general3 = {{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general3|}}}|-|_}}general3|}}}
| governor3 = {{{governor3|}}}
| jr/sr3 = {{{jr/sr3|}}}
| jr/sr and state3 = {{{jr/sr and state3|}}}
| leader3 = {{{leader3|}}}
| legislature3 = {{{legislature3|}}}
| lieutenant_governor3 = {{{lieutenant_governor3|}}}
| lieutenant3 = {{{lieutenant3|}}}
| minority_floor_leader3 = {{{minority_floor_leader3|}}}
| minister_from3 = {{{minister_from3|}}}
| majority_floor_leader3 = {{{majority_floor_leader3|}}}
| majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader3|}}}||_}}leader3 = {{{majority{{#if:{{{majorityleader3|}}}||_}}leader3|}}}
| majority3 = {{{majority3|}}}
| minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader3|}}}||_}}leader3 = {{{minority{{#if:{{{minorityleader3|}}}||_}}leader3|}}}
| monarch3 = {{{monarch3|}}}
| nominator3 = {{{nominator3|}}}
| office3 = {{{office3|}}}
| order3 = {{{order3|}}}
| parliament3 = {{{parliament3|}}}
| predecessor3 = {{{predecessor3|}}}
| preceding3 = {{{preceding3|}}}
| preceded3 = {{{preceded3|}}}
| premier3 = {{{premier3|}}}
| president3 = {{{president3|}}}
| primeminister3 = {{{primeminister3|}}}
| riding3 = {{{riding3|}}}
| state_assembly3 = {{{state_assembly3|}}}
| state_delegate3 = {{{state_delegate3|}}}
| state_house3 = {{{state_house3|}}}
| state_legislature3 = {{{state_legislature3|}}}
| state_senate3 = {{{state_senate3|}}}
| state3 = {{{state3|}}}
| succeeded3 = {{{succeeded3|}}}
| succeeding3 = {{{succeeding3|}}}
| successor3 = {{{successor3|}}}
| taoiseach3 = {{{taoiseach3|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termend3|}}}||_}}end3 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termend3|}}}||_}}end3|}}}
| term{{#if:{{{termstart3|}}}||_}}start3 = {{{term{{#if:{{{termstart3|}}}||_}}start3|}}}
| term3 = {{{term3|}}}
| title3 = {{{title3|}}}
| vicegovernor3 = {{{vicegovernor3|}}}
| vicepresident3 = {{{vicepresident3|}}}
| vicepremier3 = {{{vicepremier3|}}}
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|4|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|5|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|6|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|7|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|8|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|9|
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{{Infobox Officeholder/Office|0|
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&lt;!----------Personal data----------&gt;
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&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
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&lt;!----------Birth/Death----------&gt;
{{!}}-
{{!}}colspan=&quot;2&quot;{{!}}&lt;hr/&gt;
{{!}}-
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| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
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| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
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| [[Kuomintang]] (KMT)
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{{!}}-
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&lt;!----------Other Political Party Affiliations----------&gt;
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{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{WPMILHIST Infobox style|header_bar}} {{!}} '''Military service'''
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      <comment>New page: [[Image:Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Kuomintang]]&lt;noinclude&gt; [[Category:Republic of China political parties name templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
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      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- removing Image:Democratic_Progressive_Party_of_Taiwan_flag.svg, Image:DPP-Taiwan.svg, and Image:DPP_logo.png as they are non-free images and can only be use as fair use in ...</comment>
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    <title>Nelson Mandela</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340202251|Nelson Mandela]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela,''' ku velekiwa '''Rolihlahla Mandela''' 18 Nhlangula Ntlhanu na nhungu wa madzana nkombo na nhungu&amp;nbsp;kufikela ti Tlhanu ta Nwendza-mhala 2013 a ri mulweli -xihlawuhlawu wa Afrika-Dzonga na mufumi wa mfumo loyi a nga va president wo sungula wa Afrika-Dzonga ku sukela hi Ntlanu na nhungu wa madzana kaye na mune ku ya fika hi Gidi n madzana kaye na makhume kaye kaya. A a ri nhloko ya mfumo yo sungula ya Vantima etikweni na ku hlawuriwa ro sungula eka nhlawulo wa xidemokirasi lowu a wu yimela hi ku hetiseka . Vulawuri bya yena byi kongomisiwile eka ku herisa ndzhaka ya xihlawuhlawu hi ku kurisa ku vuyelelana ka tinxaka, ntwanano wa ku rhula wa rixaka naswona eku heteleleni xidemokirasi xa tinxaka to hambana. Hi tlhelo ra miehleketo ari African nationalist and socialist, u tirhile tani hi president wa vandla ra African National Congress (ANC) kusukela hi Gidina madzana kaye na makhume kaye na tin'we kuya eka 1997.

Mandela u velekiwile endyangwini wa vuhosi bya Thembu e Mvezo, Afrika Dzonga. U dyondzele nawu eYunivhesiti ya Fort Hare na le Yunivhesiti ya Witwatersrand a nga si tirha tanihi gqweta [[Joni|eJoni]] . Kwalaho u nghenelerile eka tipolotiki to lwisana na vukoloni na vutiko bya Afrika, a joyina vandla ra ANC hi Gidi na madzana kaye na kaye makhume mune na nharhu na ku simeka swin’we na nhlangano wa yona wa Youth League hi Gidi na madzana kaye na makume mune na mune. Endzhaku ka loko mfumo wa National Party wa valungu ntsena wu simeke xihlawuhlawu, endlelo ro hambanyisa rixaka leri a ri nyika valungu lunghelo, Mandela na ANC va tinyiketerile ku yi hlula. U hlawuriwile tani hi president wa rhavi ra ANC ra Transvaal, a tlakuka kuya eka ndhuma hikokwalaho ka ku nghenelela ka yena eka 1952 Defiance Campaign na 1955 Congress of the People . U khomiwile hi ku phindha-phindha hikwalaho ka mintirho yo pfukela mfumo naswona u hehliwile kambe a nga humelelanga eka Nandzu wa Vuxengi wa 1956 . Hiku kuceteriwa hi Marxism, u joyine exihundleni eka vandla ra South African Communist Party (SACP) leri ari yirisiwa. Hambi leswi ekusunguleni a tinyiketerile eka ku kombisa ku vilela loku nga riki na madzolonga, hi ku tirhisana na SACP u simeke ntlawa wa vapfukeri wa uMkhonto we Sizwe hi 1961 lowu nga rhangela pfhumba ro onha ku lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu. U khomiwile kutani a pfaleriwa ekhotsweni hi 1962, naswona, endzhaku ka Rivonia Trial, u gweviwe ku tshama ekhotsweni vutomi hinkwabyo hikwalaho ko endla xikungu xo herisa mfumo.

Mandela u hete malembe ya Makume mbirhi na nkombo ekhotsweni, a avana exikarhi ka [[Robben island|Robben Island]], Pollsmoor Prison, na Victor Verster Prison. Exikarhi ka ntshikelelo lowu kulaka wa laha kaya na matiko ya misava xikan’we naku chava nyimpi ya xin’wana-manana ya tinxaka President FW de Klerk u n’wi ntshunxile hi Ndzana wa gidi -nkaye ni makume-makaye. Mandela na de Klerk va rhangele matshalatshala yo burisana ku herisa xihlawuhlawu leswinga endla leswaku kuva na nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa tinxaka to hambana hi Gidi-nkaye ni makume-makaye mune laha Mandela anga rhangela vandla ra ANC kuya hlula kutani ava president. Loko a rhangela mfumo wo anama wa ntwanano lowu nga humesela vumbiwa byintshwa, Mandela u kandziyisile ku vuyelelana exikarhi ka mintlawa ya tinxaka ta tiko na ku tumbuluxa Khomixini ya Ntiyiso na ku Vuyelelana ku lavisisa ku tlula ka timfanelo ta ximunhu eka nkarhi lowu hundzeke. Hi tlhelo ra ikhonomi, ndzawulo ya yena yi hlayise rimba ra ntshunxeko ra loyi a yi rhangeleke hambi leswi a ri na ripfumelo ra yena ra vusoxalisi, yi tlhele yi nghenisa magoza yo hlohlotela ku cinca ka misava, ku lwisana na vusweti na ku ndlandlamuxa vukorhokeri bya nhlayiso wa rihanyo. Ematikweni ya misava, Mandela u tirhile tani hi muhlanganisi eka nandzu wa ku buluka ka tibomo wa Pan Am Flight 103 naswona u tirhile tani hi matsalani-jenerala wa Non-Aligned Movement kusukela hi 1998 kuya eka 1999. U arile nkarhi wa vumbirhi wa vupresidente naswona u tlhandlamiwe hi xandla xa yena, [[Thabo Mbeki]] . Mandela u vile mufumi lonkulu naswona u kongomise eka ku lwisana na vusweti na [[HIV/AIDS]] hi ku tirhisa nhlangano wo pfuneta wa swa timali wa Nelson Mandela Foundation .

Mandela ari munhu loyi a kanetiwaka ngopfu eka nkarhi wotala wa vutomi bya yena. Hambileswi vaxopaxopi va le tlhelo ra xinene va n’wi solaka tanihi mutherorisi wa vukhomunisi naswona lava nga etlhelo ra ximatsi swinene va n’wi teke a hisekela ngopfu ku burisana ni ku vuyelelana ni vaseketeri va xihlawuhlawu, u kume ku bumabumeriwa emisaveni hinkwayo hikwalaho ka ku lwela ka yena. Emisaveni hinkwayo u tekiwa tanihi xifaniso xa vurhangeri bya mahanyelo, ku rhula, [[Demokhrasi|xidemokirasi]] na vululami bya ntshamisano, u kumile ku tlula 250 wa swidlodlo, ku katsa na Sagwadi ra Nobel ra ku Rhula . U khomiwa hi xichavo lexikulu endzeni ka Afrika Dzonga, laha a talaka ku vitaniwa hi vito ra rixaka ra yena ra Thembu, Madiba, na swona u hlamuseriwa tani hi Tatana wa Rixaka. Mandela u tekiwa ngopfu tani hi un’wana wa vanhu lavakulu vo tsakeriwa swinene eka lembe xidzana ra va Makume ma mbirhi.
[[Category:1918 births]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite book</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26658</id>
      <parentid>8241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:12:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From [[:en:Template:Cite book]]</comment>
      <origin>26658</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="123" sha1="hq4yscm08hccl43rjw83qi7egacgxec" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=book
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hq4yscm08hccl43rjw83qi7egacgxec</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Spain/Autonomous Communities of Spain</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2670</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35319</id>
      <parentid>14851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-07-20T07:02:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Bandera_de_la_Comunidad_Valenciana_(2x3).svg with [[File:Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_(2x3).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: file renamed or replaced on Commons).</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4919" sha1="r4z4553p03k7q0b75fy6yifjkkewjvt" xml:space="preserve">{{Image label begin|image=Autonomous communities of Spain no names.svg|width={{{width|370}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}} 
{{Image label small|x=0.1|y=0.07|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.55|y=0.093|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Navarre]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.4|y=0.32|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Community of Madrid|Madrid]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.45|y=0.19|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.625|y=0.2075|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Aragon]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.755|y=0.1725|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Catalonia]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.63|y=0.38|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Valencian Community|Valencia]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.465|y=0.39|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Castile-La Mancha|Castilla&lt;br&gt; La Mancha]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.175|y=0.42|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Extremadura]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.04|y=0.48|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=''[[Portugal|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Portugal&lt;/span&gt;]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.2775|y=0.17|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Castile na León|Castile&lt;br&gt; na León]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.21|y=0.03|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Asturias]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.35|y=0.045|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Cantabria/Translation|Cantabria]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.46|y=0.045|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.5425|y=0.559|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Region of Murcia|Murcia]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.31|y=0.59|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Andalusia]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.22|y=0.8|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Ceuta]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.48|y=0.85|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Melilla]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.80|y=0.055|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=''[[France|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;France&lt;/span&gt;]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.8175|y=0.432|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=''[[Balearic Islands|Balearic&lt;br&gt;Islands]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.68|y=0.732|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=''[[Canary Islands|Canary&lt;br&gt;Islands]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.6725|y=0.6225|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=''[[Mediterranean Sea|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Mediterranean Sea&lt;/span&gt;]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.38|y=0|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=''[[Bay of Biscay|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Bay of Biscay&lt;/span&gt;]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.10|y=0.745|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=''[[Atlantic Ocean|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Atlantic&lt;br/&gt;Ocean&lt;/span&gt;]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.7|y=0.09|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=''[[Andorra|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Andorra&lt;/span&gt;]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.9|y=0.9|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=''[[Atlantic Ocean|&lt;span style=&quot;color: #48A3B5;&quot;&gt;Atlantic&lt;br/&gt;Ocean&lt;/span&gt;]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.8525|y=0.48|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.32|y=0.6225|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Bandera de Andalucía.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.3|y=0.225|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Castilla y León.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.63|y=0.42|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of the Valencian Community (2x3).svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.46|y=0.44|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Bandera Castilla-La Mancha.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.61|y=0.24|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Aragon.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.38|y=0.35|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of the Community of Madrid.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.45|y=0.146|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of La Rioja (with coat of arms).svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.43|y=0.8|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Melilla.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.77|y=0.2|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Catalonia.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.3|y=0.7875|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=}}
{{Image label small|x=0.36|y=0.077|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Cantabria.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.46|y=0.08|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of the Basque Country.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.095|y=0.1|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Galicia.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.20|y=0.45|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag_of_Extremadura_with_COA.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.53|y=0.12|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Navarre.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.21|y=0.06|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of Asturias.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.795|y=0.765|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of the Canary Islands.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.5425|y=0.59|scale={{{width|370}}}|text=[[Image:Flag of the Region of Murcia.svg|border|25px]]}}
{{Image label end}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Spain/Categories</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2671</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26078</id>
      <parentid>8265</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-06-22T07:41:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>26078</origin>
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      <text bytes="1791" sha1="tpj2jk9mpa9fq0sh8paq44hnz6htbfe" xml:space="preserve">* [[Image:Spain stub.png|18px]] '''[[:Category:Spaniya|Spaniya]]'''
::[[:Category:Economy of Spain|Economy]] • [[:Category:Education in Spain|Education]] • [[:Category:Environment of Spain|Environment]] • [[:Category:Government of Spain|Government]] • [[:Category:Military of Spain|Military]] • [[:Category:Spanish people|People]]
* [[Image:Crystal Clear app package network.png|18px]] '''[[:Category:Geography of Spain|Geography]]'''
:: [[:Category:Deserts of Spain|Deserts]] • [[:Category:Landforms of Spain|Landforms]] • [[:Category:Maps of Spain|Maps]] • [[:Category:Parks in Spain|Parks]] • [[:Category:Protected areas of Spain|Protected areas]] • [[:Category:Settlements in Spain|Settlements]] • [[:Category:Subdivisions of Spain|Subdivisions]]
* [[Image:Money.png|18px]] '''[[:Category:Economy of Spain|Economy]]'''
:: [[:Category:Spanish brands|Brands]] • [[:Category:Spanish businesspeople|Businesspeople]] • [[:Category:Companies of Spain|Companies]] • [[:Category:Currencies of Spain|Currencies]] • [[:Category:Economy of Catalonia|Economy of Catalonia]] • [[:Category:Tourism in Spain|Tourism]] • [[:Category:Trade unions of Spain|Trade unions]]
* [[Image:Vista-Login Manager2.png|18px]] '''[[:Category:Spanish culture|Culture]]'''
:: [[:Category:Arts in Spain|Arts]] • [[:Category:Spanish awards|Awards]] • [[:Category:Bullfighting|Bullfighting]] • [[:Category:Spanish cuisine|Cuisine]] • [[:Category:Entertainment in Spain|Entertainment]] • [[:Category:Festivals in Spain|Festivals]] • [[:Category:Spanish folklore|Folklore]] • [[:Category:Spanish media|Media]] • [[:Category:Museums in Spain|Museums]] • [[:Category:Spanish clothing|Clothing]] • [[:Category:Sport in Spain|Sport]]
&lt;!--
&lt;big&gt;[[:Category:Spain|Spain]]&lt;/big&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tpj2jk9mpa9fq0sh8paq44hnz6htbfe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portals-Available</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2673</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8273</id>
      <timestamp>2008-09-01T15:46:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {| width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid none; text-align:center; background-color: transparent&quot; |&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:Africa satellite orthographic.j...</comment>
      <origin>8273</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="407" sha1="p1xjt4ysfrui60es5ftswm6hawshkhx" xml:space="preserve">{| width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid none; text-align:center; background-color: transparent&quot;
|&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|60px|England
default [[Portal:Afrika]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
|&lt;imagemap&gt;Image:Spain topo.jpg|60px|Wales
default [[Portal:Spain]]
desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;
|-
|'''[[Portal:Africa|Afrika]]'''
|'''[[Portal:Spain|Spain]]'''
|}</text>
      <sha1>p1xjt4ysfrui60es5ftswm6hawshkhx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Spain/Select picture</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2674</id>
    <revision>
      <id>8275</id>
      <timestamp>2008-09-01T15:47:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: [[Image:Campo de Criptana Molinos de Viento 1.jpg|300px|center|Windmills]] &lt;center&gt;&lt;small&gt;Credit: [[commons:User:Lourdes Cardenal|Lourdes Cardenal]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/center&gt; Active windmills shown...</comment>
      <origin>8275</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="465" sha1="23no820oexrx4llqjk5u0s6kcof9xf5" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Campo de Criptana Molinos de Viento 1.jpg|300px|center|Windmills]]
&lt;center&gt;&lt;small&gt;Credit: [[commons:User:Lourdes Cardenal|Lourdes Cardenal]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
Active windmills shown turning in '''[[La Mancha]]'''. The area is now famous for its windmills and scenic views.
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant:small-caps&quot;&gt;    
'''[[Portal:Spain/Selected picture/Archives|Archives]]''' • '''[[La Mancha|Read more...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
      <sha1>23no820oexrx4llqjk5u0s6kcof9xf5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Spain/Select place</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2676</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34825</id>
      <parentid>8280</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-01-25T19:54:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DannyS712</username>
        <id>6098</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>thumb - [[Special:LintErrors/bogus-image-options]]</comment>
      <origin>34825</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="270" sha1="138exz1cnc9rdai77731axvb2halvad" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Almazán (Soria) Mapa.svg|right|250px|thumb|Almazán e Xifundzeni xa Soria]]

'''Almazán''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Soria]], [[Castile na León]], e [[Spain]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2004 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 5,755.</text>
      <sha1>138exz1cnc9rdai77731axvb2halvad</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Spain/Selected quotes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2677</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33155</id>
      <parentid>33153</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-13T13:05:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>3482</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.105.165.134|103.105.165.134]] ([[User talk:103.105.165.134|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]</comment>
      <origin>8282</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="712" sha1="qvl7p01ckrw2iltltn9h5ga8w0vd70d" xml:space="preserve">{{cquote|Yesterday, the president met with a group he calls the coalition of the willing. Or, as the rest of the world calls them, Britain and Spain.}}
::::::::::::::::::— [[Jon Stewart]]
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant:small-caps&quot;&gt;    
'''[[Template:Portal:Spain/Selected quotes|Archives]]''' • '''[[q:Main_Page|Read more...]]''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
----
{{cquote|In Spain, the dead are more alive than the dead of any other country in the world.}}
::::::::::::::::::— [[Federico García Lorca]]
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant:small-caps&quot;&gt;    
'''[[Template:Portal:Spain/Selected quotes|Archives]]''' • '''[[q:Main_Page|Read more...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qvl7p01ckrw2iltltn9h5ga8w0vd70d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Spain/Spain-related topics</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2678</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34501</id>
      <parentid>27968</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-09-23T03:51:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Holder</username>
        <id>2179</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>corr using [[Project:AWB|AWB]]</comment>
      <origin>34501</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7077" sha1="7y2oyu1spicn857n641qb1gjprume6l" xml:space="preserve">{| 
|- 
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; | 
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;  border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| width=&quot;10%&quot; | [[Image:Swiss Federal Palace from South.jpg|75px|center]]
| width=&quot;90%&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot; |
'''[[Politics of Spain|Ta politiki ta Spaniya]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
[[Audiencia Nacional of Spain|Audiencia Nacional ya Spaniya]] -
[[Spanish Government|Hulumende ya Spaniya]] -
[[List of political parties in Spain|Nxaxamelo wa mintlawa ya politiki ya Spaniya]] -
[[Elections in Spain|Nhlawulo wa mani na mani e Spaniya]] -
[[Foreign relations of Spain|Ndzawulo ya timhaka ta le handle ya Spaniya]] 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|- 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:Matterhorn Riffelsee 2005-06-11.jpg|75px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;&quot; |
'''[[Geography of Spain|Ntivo-mbangu wa Spaniya]] &lt;BR /&gt;
[[Inner Plateau|Ganga ra le ndzeni]] -
[[Pyrenees]] -
[[List of lakes of Spain|Nxaxamelo wa malwandle ya Spaniya]] -
[[List of rivers of Spain|Nxaxamelo wa milambu ua Spaniya]] -
[[Comarcas of Spain|Comarcas ya Spaniya]] -
[[List of cities in Spain|Nxaxamelo ya matluka ya le Spaniya]] -
[[Municipalities of Spain|Masipala ya le Spaniya]]
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|- 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:Johann Heinrich Füssli 018.jpg|75px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;&quot; |
'''[[History of Spain|Matimu ya Spaniya]] '''&lt;BR /&gt; 
[[Wilhelm Tell]] -
[[Early history of Spain|Matimu ya khale ka Spaniya]] -
[[Reformation in Spain|Ku akiwa vuntswa]] -
[[Early Modern Spain|Spaniya wa manguva lawa wo sungula]] -
[[Spain in the Napoleonic era|Spaniya hi nkarhi wa Napholiyoni]] -
[[Spain as a federal state|Ku endliwa ka Rhephabliki]] -
[[Spain during the World Wars|Spaniya eka tinyimpi ta misava]] -
[[Modern history of Spain|Spaniya wa manguva lawa]]
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|- 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:Karte Kantone der Schweiz farbig 1996.png|75px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;&quot; | 
'''[[Autonomous communities of Spain|Maganga leyi ti yimeleke ya Spaniya]] &lt;BR /&gt;
[[Aargau]] - 
[[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] - 
[[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] - 
[[Basel-Landschaft]] - 
[[Basel-Stadt]] - 
[[Canton of Berne|Bern]] - 
[[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] - 
[[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]] - 
[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] -
[[Graubünden]] -
[[Canton of Jura|Jura]] -
[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] - 
[[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] - 
[[Nidwalden]] -
[[Obwalden]] - 
[[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] - 
[[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] - 
[[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]] - 
[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] -
[[Thurgau]] - 
[[Ticino]] -
[[Canton of Uri|Uri]] -
[[Valais]] - 
[[Vaud]] -
[[Canton of Zug|Zug]] -
[[Canton of Zürich|Zürich]] 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|}
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;  border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:Sbb rabde500.jpg|75px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot; |
'''[[Economy of Spain|Rifuwo ra Spaniya]]'''&lt;BR /&gt;
[[List of Spanish companies|Nxaxamelo wa tinkomponi ta Spaniya]] -
[[Swiss franc]] -
[[Banking in Spain|Ku veka mali e Spaniya]] -
[[Transportation in Spain|Switirhisiwa swo rhwala vanhu e Spaniya]] -
[[Education in Spain|Dyondzo e Spaniya]] -
[[Spanish miracle|Mahlori ya Spaniya]]
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|- 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|
| style=&quot;font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;&quot; | 
'''[[Education in Spain|Dyondzo e Spaniya]]'''&lt;BR /&gt; 
[[List of universities in Spain|Nxaxamelo wa ti yunivhesithi ta Spaniya]] - 
[[Educacion Infantil|Dyondzo ya tincece]] -
[[Educación primaria|Dyondzo ya vana va kondlo andzidyi]] -
[[Educación Secundaria|Dyondzo ya xikolo xa lehenhla]] -
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|- 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:Swiss_cheese_cubes.jpg|75px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;&quot; | 
'''[[Culture of Spain|Ndzhavuko wa Spaniya]]'''&lt;BR /&gt; 
[[Xipaniya|Ririmi ra Xipanishi]] - [[Catalan language|XiKatalani]] - [[Basque language|XiBaski]] - [[Astur-Leonese language|XiAstu-Leyona]] - [[Fala|XiFala]] - [[Francoprovençal|XiFrankoprovenka]]- [[Aragonese language|XiAragona]]- [[Caló|XiKalo]] - [[Eonavian|XiOnaviya]] - [[Asturian language|XiAsturiya]] - [[Leonese language|XiLeyona]] - [[Cantabrian language|XiKantabra]] - [[Extremaduran language|XiEktramadu]] - [[Mirandese language|XiMiranda]]
[[Music of Spain|Vunanga bya Spaniya]] -
[[Spanishliterature|Matsalwa ya Spaniya]] -
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|-
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:Leonhard_Euler.jpg|75px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;&quot; | 
'''[[Spanish people|Vanhu vale Spaniya]] ''' ([[List of Spanish people|Nxaxamelo]])&lt;BR /&gt;
[[Pelayo of Asturias|'''Pelayo''' wa Asturiya]] -
[[Abd-ar-Rahman III|'''Abd-ar-Rahman III''']] -
[[Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir|'''Al-Mansur''']] -
[[Alfonso X of Castile|'''Alfonso X''' wa Kastile]] -
[[James I of Aragon|'''James I''' wa Aragon]] -
[[Isabella of Castile|'''Isabella''' wa Kastile]]
[[Ferdinand II of Aragon|'''Ferdinand II''']], ''[[Catholic Monarchs|wa muKatolika]]''
[[Francisco Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros|Francisco Jiménez waka '''Cisneros''']]
[[Juana of Castile|Juan wa Kastila]]
[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Charles V''']] 
[[Philip II of Spain|'''Philip II''']]
[[Philip V of Spain|'''Philip V''']]
[[Charles III of Spain|'''Charles III''']]
[[Ferdinand VII of Spain|'''Ferdinand VII''']]
[[Leopoldo O'Donnell, Duke of Tetuan|Leopoldo '''O'Donnell, Hosi ya Tetuwana''']]
[[Juan Prim|Juan '''Prim''']]
[[Antonio Cánovas del Castillo|Antonio '''Cánovas del Castillo''']]
[[Manuel Azaña|Manuel '''Azaña''']]
[[José María Aznar|José María '''Aznar''']]
[[Josep Borrell|Josep '''Borrell''']]
[[Buenaventura Durruti|Buenaventura '''Durruti''']]
[[Francisco Franco|Francisco '''Franco''']]
[[Felipe González|Felipe '''González''']]
[[Juan Carlos I of Spain|'''Juan Carlos I''']]
[[Adolfo Suárez|Adolfo '''Suárez''']] 
''[[Alfonso X of Castile|'''Alfonso X''' of Castile]]''
[[Baltasar Gracián y Morales|Baltasar '''Gracián''']]
[[Bartolomé de Las Casas|Bartolomé de '''Las Casas''']]
''[[Ramon Llull|Ramón '''Llull''']]''
[[Ignatius of Loyola|Ignatius of '''Loyola''']]
[[Gregorio Marañón|Gregorio '''Marañón''']]
[[Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo|Marcelino '''Menéndez Pelayo''']]
[[Ramón Menéndez Pidal|Ramón '''Menéndez Pidal''']]
[[Antonio de Nebrija|Antonio de '''Nebrija''']]
[[José Ortega y Gasset|José '''Ortega y Gasset''']]
[[Bernardino de Sahagún|Bernardino de '''Sahagún''']]
[[Miguel de Unamuno|Miguel de '''Unamuno''']]
[[Juan Luís Vives|Juan Luis '''Vives''']]
[[Xavier Zubiri|Xavier '''Zubiri''']]
|}
|}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maluleke</title>
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      <text bytes="13290" sha1="hb7v2k839x6236awnnjpvubfpne6xvv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       = Maluleke
| title                      = Van'wanati
| image                      = 
| caption                    = '''&quot;Vadyi va bhangu&quot;'''
| reign                      = Maluleke; Makuleke; Maluleka; Maluleque.
| Afrika Dzonga              = &lt;small&gt;[[Mhinga]]{{·}}[[Elim]]{{·}}[[Xikundu]]{{·}}[[Xigalu]]{{·}}[[Nkuri]]{{·}}[[Xikhumba]] {{·}} [[Matsilele]]{{·}} [[Mapayi]] {{·}} [[Malamulele]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki                 = &lt;small&gt;[[Magude]]{{·}} [[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Hokwe]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                    =  &lt;small&gt;[[Mbuzini]]{{·}}[[Malelane]]{{·}}[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe                   =  &lt;small&gt;[[N`wanedzi]]{{·}}[[Xikombedzi]]{{·}}[[Gezani]]{{·}}[[Malipati]]{{·}}[[]]{{·}}[[Gezani]]{{·}}[[Malipati]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Ntlawa                     = [[Van'wanati]] (N'walungu)
| Rixaka                     = [[Vatsonga]] (Vatonga/Vathonga)
}}

[[File:Johnston,_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic,_Orange_Free_State,_Natal,_Basuto_Land,_etc.,_crop_Zoutpansberg.jpg|thumb|Map wa Afrika Dzonga hi 1897,wu kombaka tiku ra mfumu wa ka Maluleke na man'wani]]
Va ka Maluleke i [[Vatsonga]], Van’wanati. I vantukulu va [[Malenga]] wa [[Hosinkulu Gunyule]]. A va tshama kusuhi ni lwandle laha a va ku vitana ku hi le Nyambani (Inhambane), na le kusuhi na nambu lowukulu va nge N’wampfhukwe. Va sukile eManjakazi [[Mozambique]] na hosi Malenga hi vo 1640 va luleka va ta eN'walungu (ka nambu wa Limpopo), kambe van'wani va sala e Xai-Xai, Manjakazi na le ka Makwakwa, va tshama va longoloka na nambu wa Limpopo va hlota tindlopfu va xavisa timhondzo, madzovo, malapi, mbewu ya mihandzu, na switirhisiwa swa risinda. 

Nxaxameto lowu wu tiviwaka wa vakwokwa-wa vakwokwani vaka Maluleke wu sungula eka Malenga ivi wu ta haleno, kambe kokwani lonkulu a tivekaka wa Van'wanati hinkwavo i Hosinkulu Gunyule. Hikuya ka nkarhi kuvile ku velekiwa chavani ,Loyi na yena anga pfuxeta swa vukosi bya va kowani wa va kokwana Gunyule .Laha anga fuma tiko ra vatsonga kunga Mulamula.

== Xitlhokovetselo xa Muti ==
 ''Hi Van’wanati, hi va dyi va bhangu hina;
 Hi va ka nkala na visi bya yona;
 Va ka tindlopfu a ti luvani, ti luvana hi minxakwa;
 Va ka macimba ya tihuku ya lema rihlelo;
 Hi va ka xinyela-babeni hina;
 Hi va ka Xikandzaxive xi kandza magego:Va ka betsa ra matsala-tsala;
 Va mafula hi xivuri hi tshika nyundzu;
 Va ka timamba a ti luvani, ti luvana hi mincila;
 Gunyule!

 Mn’wanati!''

Lexi hi xona xithopo lexi tivekaka xa muti lowu. Kuni ku hambana-nyana eka swi mutana swa ka Maluleke loko swiri karhi swi thopa xivongo lexi, kambe hinkwaswo swi tlhelela eka Malenga na tatana wakwe Gunyule.
Van'wanati va ti themendela hi swiharhi leswi landzelaka:

-&gt; Nkala (Vutlharhi)
-&gt; Ndlopfu (Matimba)
-&gt; Nghala (Ku hlota ni Vurhena)

== Matimu ya muti ==

Kokwani kumbe tatana lonkulu va n'wu thopaka ngopfu eka xitlhokovetselo xa ndyangu i Xikandzaxive (van'wani va ri Xixangaxile). 

Kambe matimu ya va ka Maluleke ya tiveka hi vuenti ku sukela eka Hosinkulu [[Gunyule]], wa Xikandzaxive. Gunyule a ri hosinkulu ya Van'wanati xikanwe na [[Vacopi]]. Vacopi a va ri vahloti na masocha ya rixaka leri khale a ri tiveka kuri &quot;vaTonga&quot; lava a va vulavula [[Xitonga] xa le Nyembani, Mozambique.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/toh/ Tonga] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). [http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/gito1238 &quot;Gitonga&quot;]. Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.&lt;/ref&gt; Xitonga lexi xa le Mozambique xa yelana na lexi xa le Zambia, swo hambana ntsena hi laha xa le Zambia xi nga tekela swintsongo eka Xikalanga na Xishona.&lt;ref&gt;Hopgood, CR (1992), ''A Practical Introduction to Chitonga'', Zambia: Zambia Educational Publishing House.&lt;/ref&gt; Namuntlha Van'wanati va vulavula Xitsonga xa le Afrika Dzonga lexi xi nga hlanganisiwa hi Xirhonga Xicopi, Xilenge, na Xitswa, xikan'we na tindzin'wana to hambana-hambana. Vito leri ra &quot;Tonga&quot; i ra khale ngopfu, va ka Maluleke va ri hlaya riri na malembe ho hundza 1000, kutani hi laha va nga ta na rona ku suka e Central Africa, laha marhavi ya va Beja Tonga ya nga hangalaka na Vudzonga bya Afrika, ku ta fika e Malawi, Zambia, na Mozambique.&lt;ref&gt;Velez Grilo, VH (1958), The  Dispersion  of  The  Wa-Remba  (Or &quot;Vha-Lemba&quot;)  and  Tribes  Related, South  of  The  Zambezi, ''South African Journal  of  Science'', pp. 111─117.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku suka e Central Afrika hi vo 200AD, vaTonga (ku katsa Vacopi na Vanyembane) va fikile e Vuxa bya Mozambique laha va nge hi le Nyambane (Inhambane).&lt;ref&gt;Junod, Henri (1977), ''Matimu Ya Vatsonga: 1498-1650'', Braamfontein: Sasavona Publishers.&lt;/ref&gt; Hi nkarhi wa vo 1400-1500 vaTonga na Vacopi va Nyembane va fikile laha va nga rhangeriwa hi vuhosinkulu bya Gunyule. Gunyule a ti vula &quot;xinyela-babeni&quot; hi kuva a nga chavanga ku nghena laha van'wani a va chava kuya siya thyaka. Loko a huma lahaya a ku eka vona &quot;hi mina xinyela-babeni mina!&quot;. 

Gunyule u velekile Malenga, loyi a nga suka na muti wakwe e Xayi-Xayi va lulekela e nambyeni wa N'wanati (Limpopo River) - vito ra &quot;Maluleke&quot; ri huma eka Malenga (ri vula ku longoloka ni ku rhula). Malenga u velekile [[Ncelwa]], [[Muswana]], na [[Maxakadzi]]. Malenga na vuthu rakwe ri sukile hi tlhelo ra Manjakazi va siya va ka Makwakwa na Van'wanati lavan'wani. Vuthu ra Malenga a ri katsa na vana vakwe Muswana na Maxakadzi lava a va ri valwi va tinyimpi. Loko Malenga a longoloka na vuthu rakwe, va hlule vaaki lava va nga hlangana na vona. Muswana u dlawe enyimpini a karhi a lwa na Vanyayi hi nkarhi lowu tatana wa yena Malenga a ha hanya. Maxakadzi u tekile nsati eka Manganyi, ivi a suka na muti wakwe va ya tshama e Nyandweni, e [[Afrika Dzonga]].

Hi kuya ka nkarhi, Maxakadzi u kotile ku fuma ndzhawu leyi namuntlha yi tivakaka ku hi le Kruger National Park. Va ka Maluleke a va tiveka ngopfu e Libombo tani hi leswi a va kota ku hlota na ku endla switirhisiwa swa risinda na ku xavisa mihandzu na timhondzo.&lt;ref&gt;Theal, GM (1902), ''The Beginning of South African History'', London: T.Fisher unwin.&lt;/ref&gt; Va hangalakile hi ku famba ka malembe, van'wani va fikela eka Malamulele, ivi van'wani va wela endzeni ka tiko ra Mozambique. Va fike laha a va ti themendela ku &quot;va macimba ya tihuku ya lema rihlelo&quot; hikuva nyimpi ya vona a yi kota ku suka nkarhi wun'wani na wun'wani tani hi huku loko yi karhi yi famba.

Va ka Maluleke i vamakwavo na va ka Makwakwa, va ka Mabota, na va ka Mondlani. Va ka Makwakwa na Mondlani va salerile endzhaku e Manjakazi na Xai-Xai loko Malenga, Muswana, Ncelwa, na Maxakadzi va rhurhela e Afrika Dzonga. Va ka Makwakwa na Mondlani va sarile endzhaku tani hi xiyenge xa Vacopi. Hi 1820 va ka Makwakwa va hluriwile e Nyimpini hi Vangoni va ka Ndwandwe, kambe Vangoni va tsandzekile ku hlula Vacopi hi kokwalano a va nga pfumeli ku rhangeriwa hi Vangoni va ka Gaza. Mbingwana a ri hosinkulu ya Vacopi, a veleka Xipenenyana. Xipenenyana hi yena a nga lwa na masocha ya Nghunghunyane a va hlula e nyimpini ya Manjakazi hi tinyimpi ta 1895-1897.&lt;ref&gt;Afrolegends (2013) ‘Gungunyane: The Lion of Gaza or the Last African King of Mozambique’, accessed on 17 July 2017 from http://afrolegends.com/2013/09/21/gungunyane-the-lion-of-gaza-or-the-last-african-king-of-mozambique/&lt;/ref&gt;

Vacopi a va akile e Bileni, exikarhi ka Libombo na Nyembane. Vatswa va ka Sono vona a va akile e N’walungwini wa Nkolwana-Benjana, ku ya fika e Nkumeni. Loko va ka Maluleke va hambana na va ka Makwakwa, va ka Maluleke va lulame na Vhembe kusuhi na Limpopo River, va hlota tindlopfu, va fika amahlanganeni ya Vhembe na Rivubye. Va aka kona, e N’walungwini laha va nga akelana na va ka Mbhombhi na [[Valozyi]] (Valoyi/[[Baloyi]]), kutani va fuma tiko leri nga exikarhi ka Xingwedzi, Xirindzi, Vhembe, Nadaje, na Valdezia.

XIVONGO:

- Gunyule u velekile Malenga;  

- Malenga u velekile Ncelwa (tata wa Mayeke), Muswana na Maxakadzi  

Hi ndzhavuko wa Xitsonga, vuhosinkulu byi tekiwa hi n'wana wa nsati wo sungula. Ncelwa a ri wo sungula ku velekiwa kambe a nga velekiwanga hi nsati wo sungula. Muswana na Maxakazi hi vona lava nga velekiwa hi nsati wo sungula wa Malenga. Malenga a lavile ku nyika vuhosi eka Muswana kambe eka Maluleke a wu fane u rhanga u ti komba vurhangeri hi ku lwa tinyimpi. Muswana u fele e nyimpini a nga tswalanga vana. Kutani Malenga a rhuma Ncelwa ku ya lwa ni valala, kambe mana wa Ncelwa a ku ka yena: “U nga yi, u nga ta dlawa!”, Kutani Malenga a vutisa Maxakadzi a ku: “Wena u ri yini?”, Maxakadzi a ku: “ndzi ta ya”, kutani a ya a hlula Vanyayi, a fuma tiko. Malenga u hundze emisaveni kutani a lahliwa ekusuhi na nambu lowu wu vitaniwaka Pfukwe.

- Maxakadzi u velekile Guyu, Dlhamani, Makahlule...
-Guyu u velekile Mayimisi na Xihimu na vanwana.....
-Mayimisi u veleke Maswingidzi....
-Maswingidzi u veleke Dzanda...
-Dzanda u veleke Phatsameri...
-Mphatsameri u veleke Mahosi, Msimeki, Nhlengani na Mhangeni
-Mahosi u Veleke Risenga, Masenyana na vanwana......
-Risenga a veleka Salani, Mdun’wazi, Mkhayisi, Mkhacani, Gezani, Makhosani, Phahlela na vanwana...
Mdun’wazi u veleke Sikheto , Mzamani, Musamanisi, Risimati na Magezi
Sikheto u veleke Risenga na Mdun’wazi na vanwana.....
-Mkhacani u veleke Mbhazima, Yingwani, Hasani, Nhlengani, Risenga, Salani , Gezani na vanwani.....
------------------------------------------------

- Dlhamani u velekile Cuvuka, Xitanda, Nkuri na van'wani

- Nkuri u velekile Mhinga

== Rhavi eka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==

Hi ku ya hi vulavisisi bya ririmi na rixaka, [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] u dyondze leswaku va ka Maluleke, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra &quot;Va N'walungu&quot; eka rixaka ra Vatsonga (Tonga, Thonga).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Junod, Henri (1927), ''Life of a South African Tribe: The Social Life'', London: Macmillan &amp; Co.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vukosi ==

Va ka Maluleke va khomile vuhosi na kwalano ka nkarhi wa le hansi ka 1500 loko va ha rhangeriwa hi tihosi ta vona to sungula ta le vutonga (&quot;Vutonga&quot; hi ririmi ra Xilenge swi vula &quot;Vuxa&quot;). Hi malembe ya ti 1500 vito na mfumu wa Maluleke a wu nga se va kona hi ku xivongo xa Maluleke xi sunguriwe hi Malenga, kutani va ka Maluleke a va ha tivitana Vatonga nakona a va ha fuma evutonga eka Ntemelapi na Pajila. Va ka Maluleke va tiveke ngopfu e Afrika Dzonga hi minkarhi ya 1630-1660 loko se va rhangela hi Hosinkulu Malenga na Maxakadzi tani hi leswi Maxakadzi a nga pfuna ku fuma tinxaka to hambana-hambana ku fana na Valozyi, Vanyai, Balobedu, na Varhonga, hi ndlela ya ku vumba switirhisiwa na swilwi, ku hlota hi Vacopi, na maendlelo ya switirhisiwa swo hambana-hambana. N'wana wakwe Dlhamani na yena u fikile laha a nga tiveka ngopfu hi ku yisa emahlweni na leswi tatana wa yena va nga n'wu siya na swona, laha se vanghezi va nga va vitana ku i &quot;Maluleke Dynasty&quot; eka matsalwa yo hambana-hambana.&lt;ref&gt;Addresses and Papers of the Joint Meeting of British and South African Associations for the Advancement of Science, Johannesburg 1905&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Bandama, F (2013), ''The Archaeology and Technology of Metal Production in the Late Iron Age of the Southern Waterberg, Limpopo Province'', South Africa, Doctors thesis, University of Cape Town.&lt;/ref&gt; Tonga i ndlela yinwani yovula ku Tsonga kufana na Maputu/Maputo ndlela yinwani yovula ku Maputsu kumbe Themba ndlela yinwani yovula ku tshemba na Vatwa ndlela yinwani yovula ku Vatswa, ko va ku hambana ka mavulavulelo kumbe ndzinwana. Mutonga i xithopo xa ka Maluleke va vuhosinkulu bya khale ngopfu. Vatonga lava nga tswala Vanyembane na Vacopi.

Van'wanati va na tihosi ivi va va na hosinkulu. Ndyangu na vuhosinkulu bya Van'wanati Maluleke byi famba hi ndlela leyi:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

&lt;small&gt;Xilungwa Mhinga II&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Sunduza II&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Maxawu&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Nkhavi&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Sunduza I&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Mhinga I (u lovile hi 1883)&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;'''*Nkuri'''&lt;/small&gt; (u hanye hi ti 1790s-1850s)

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Xihala wa Mayeke (Malume wa ndyangu, a lo khomela vuhosi)&lt;/small&gt; (u hanye hi ti 1790s-1830s) 

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;'''*Xitanda (a nga vangi na mudyandzhaka)''' (u hanye hi ti 1790s-1820s)&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Guyu ─ '''*Dlhamani''' &lt;/small&gt; (va hanye hi ti 1740s-1800s)

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Ncelwa ─ Muswana ─ '''*Maxakadzi''' (ti 1700s)&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Malenga/Maluleke (ti 1600s&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Gunyule/N’wanati Xixandza Mahlwehlwe (ti 1600s)&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;|&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;Xixangaxile&lt;/small&gt;

E Afrika Dzonga, va ka Maluleke i tihosi eka tindhawu leti: Xikundu, Mhinga, Muyexe, Nhlaniki, Malamulele, Nkurhi, Xigalo, Makuleke, Mulamula, Valdezia, Mashawu na tin'wani. E Mozambique: Ka Matsilele ku fika ka Hosi Mapai. Na le Vudzonga-vuxa bya le Zimbabwe va na vuhosi.

== Swikombo swa lehandle ==
# [http://www.facebook.com/groups/111668039094/  Va ka Maluleke eka Facebook]

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]
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    <title>Ndzhavuko</title>
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'''Ndhavuko'''  i dyondzo leyi hlanganisaka mahanyelo ya vanhu, minhlangano, na maendlelo lama kumekaka eka vanhu, xikan'we na [[vutivi]], tidyondzo, [[vutshila]], [[Nawu|milawu]], mindhavuko, vuswikoti, malangutelo na mikhuva ya vanhu eka mintlawa leyi.Ndhavuko wu tala ku huma kumbe ku vuriwa leswaku wu huma eka ndhawu yo karhi.

Vanhu va kuma ndhavuko hi maendlelo yo dyondza ya enculturation na socialization, leswi kombisiwaka hi ku hambana ka mindhavuko eka miganga hinkwayo. Mukhuva wa ndhavuko wu tsala milawu ya mahanyelo lama amukelekaka eka vaaki; yi tirha tanihi nkongomiso wa mahanyelo, maambalelo, ririmi, na mahanyelo eka xiyimo, leswi tirhaka tanihi xikombiso xa ku langutela eka ntlawa wa ntshamisano. Ku amukela ntsena ndhavuko wun’we eka ntlawa wa ntshamisano swi nga rhwala makhombo, tani hi leswi muxaka wun’we wu nga oma loko wu langutane na ku cinca ka mbango, hikwalaho ka ku pfumaleka ka tinhlamulo leti tirhaka eka ku cinca.Xisweswo eka ndhavuko wa masocha, vutlhari byi hlayiwa tanihi mahanyelo lama tolovelekeke eka munhu hi xiyexe, naswona ntirho, ku xiximeka ni ku tshembeka eka ntlawa wa ntshamisano swi hlayiwa tanihi timfanelo letinene kumbe tinhlamulo leti tirhaka eka ku ya emahlweni ka nyimpi. Eka vukhongeri, timfanelo leti fanaka ti nga tiviwa eka ntlawa wa ntshamisano.

Ku cinca ka ndhavuko, kumbe ku cinca xiyimo, i ku pfuxetiwa ka ndhavuko wa vanhu. Mindhavuko yi khumbheka endzeni ka yona hi matimba lama khutazaka ku cinca na matimba lama lwisanaka na ku cinca. Mindhavuko yi khumbheka ehandle hi ku hlangana exikarhi ka vanhu. Tinhlengeletano to fana na UNESCO ti ringeta ku hlayisa ndhavuko na ndzhaka ya ndhavuko.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
 
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  <page>
    <title>Afrika</title>
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      <text bytes="7625" sha1="c2o2bi0v8qcemcpakjxrp9mnwwtrx6j" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0 0 0em 0em; width: 20em; text-align: right; padding: 0.5em 2em; font-size: 0.86em; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of floated right section --&gt;
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&lt;big&gt;'''Afrika'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:Africa (orthographic projection).svg|190x190px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Vundhzawu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{km2 to sq mi|30221532|abbr=yes}}
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 1,203,000,000&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.prb.org/pdf16/prb-wpds2016-web-2016.pdf &quot;World Population&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828162128/http://www.prb.org/pdf16/prb-wpds2016-web-2016.pdf |date=2017-08-28 }} - POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU - (2016 WORLD POPULATION DATA SHEET)&lt;/ref&gt; (2016)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntlimbano
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 30.51/km² (about 80/sq mi)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Matiko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Matiko ya Afrika|53]] |[[Algeria]] |[[Angola]] |[[Benin]] |[[Botswana]] |[[Burkina Faso]] |[[Burundi]] |[[Cameroon]] |[[Cape Verde]] |[[Central African Republic]] |[[Chad]] |[[Comoros]] |[[Congo]] |[[Côte d'Ivoire]] |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |[[Djibouti]] |[[Egypt]] |[[Equatorial Guinea]] |[[Eritrea]] |[[Ethiopia]] |[[Gabon]] |[[Gambia]] |[[Ghana]] |[[Guinea]] |[[Guinea-Bissau]] |[[Kenya]] |[[Lesotho]] |[[Liberia]] |[[Libya]] |[[Madagascar]] |[[Malawi]] |[[Mali]] |[[Mauritania]] |[[Mauritius]] |[[Morocco]] |[[Mozambique]] |[[Namibia]] |[[Niger]] |[[Nigeria]] |[[Rwanda]] |[[São Tomé and Príncipe]] |[[Senegal]] |[[Seychelles]] |[[Sierra Leone]] |[[Somalia]] |South Africa |[[Sudan]] |[[Swaziland]] |[[Tanzania]] |[[Togo]] |[[Tunisia]] |[[Uganda]] |[[Western Sahara]] |[[Zambia]] |[[Zimbabwe]] }}
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Swihlalana 
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[List of African dependencies|7]] |[[Mayotte]] | [[Réunion]] |[[Canary Islands]] |[[Ceuta]] |[[Madeira Islands]] |[[Melilla]] |[[Saint Helena]]}} 
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Demonym
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | African
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Tindzimi
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[African languages|Tindzimi ta Afrika]] na tinwana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
'''Afrika''' i tiko-nkulu ra vumbirhi hi vukulu naswona i ro sungula hi ntalo wa va aki, ku landzela [[Axiya]]. Ku fikela kwalomu ka 30.2 wa timiliyoni ta km²) kuhlanganisa na swihlala leswi rhendzeleke, ri funengeta kwalomu ka 6% wa [[misava]] na 20.4% wa vundhzawu hinkwabyo bya misava.&lt;ref name=Sayre&gt;Sayre, April Pulley. (1999) ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 0-7613-1367-2.&lt;/ref&gt; Kwalomu ka 1,201 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu (kusukela hi lembe ra 2005)&lt;ref&gt;[http://esa.un.org/unpp/ &quot;World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511162049/http://esa.un.org/unpp/|date=2011-05-11}} [[United Nations]] (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population division)&lt;/ref&gt; e tindhzawini ta 61, ri yimila kwalomu ka 14.2% wa nthsungu wa misava. Tiko-nkulu leri ri rhendzeriwe hi [[Mediterranean Sea|Lwandle ra Meditera]] e nwalungwini, [[Suez Canal]] na [[Red Sea|lwandle ro tshuka]] enwalungwini bya vuxa, lwandle ra [[Indiya]] u dzongeni ra vuxa, na lwandle ra Atlantiki e vupela-dyambu. Kuni 53 wa matiko, kuhlanganisa na [[Madagascar]] na swihlala leswi tsongo.

Ntsengo wa malembe ya vaaka tiko ra Afrika, wukomba leswaku kuna vantshwa votala etikweni-nkulu leri kutlula amtiko-nkulu man'wana;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/08/17/5-ways-the-world-will-look-dramatically-different-in-2100/ Washington Post]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/njideka-u-harry/african-youth-innovation-_b_3904408.html|work=Huffington Post|first=Njideka U.|last=Harry|title=African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society|date=11 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malembe ya vukhale eka hafu ya vaaka tiko hilembe ra 2012 akuri 19.7, kasi ntsengo lowu awuri 30.4 loku kulangutiwa vanhu va misava hinkwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf|title=item,4 of the provisional agenda&amp;nbsp;– General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth|work=UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA|author=ABDOULIE JANNEH|date=April 2012|accessdate=15 December 2015|archive-date=10 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110111359/http://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Algeria]] hi rona tiku leri kulu eAfrika kuya hi kuanama, kasi [[Nayjeriya]] hiyona yingana vaaka tiko votal kutlula matiko man'wana ya Afrika. Tiko-nkulu leri ra Afrika, ngopfungopfu Nkava ya Afrika, hiyona leyi ku pfumeriwaka leswaku vanhu vu tumbuluke ku suka kona, naswona ku kumeke marhambu yotala ya vanhu vakhale endzhawini leyi, lama tikombaka mari na malembe ya kwalomu ka 200,000 hivukhale,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homo sapiens: University of Utah News Release: 16 February 2005 |url=http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html |access-date=2 August 2017 |archive-date=24 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024234234/http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Afrika yi tsemiwa hi ntila wa [[equator]] naswona tiko-nkulu leri ri hlanganisa tinguva hinkwato kusukela e dzongeni kuya a n'walungu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.visualgeography.com/continents/africa.html|title=Africa. General info|author=Visual Geography|accessdate=24 November 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Afrika yina switikwana swo tala, mindzhavuko na tindzimi to tala. Eka nguva ya vukolonyi matiko ya [[Yuropa]] ma kwetlembetanile mahlurisana ku phanga na kufuma kwalomu ka matiko hinkwawo ya Afrika. Afrika rina tindzhawu, ti ikhonomi, vuxaka bya matimu na swiyimso swa tihulumendhe swo hambana hambana. Hambiswiritano, matiko yo tala ya Afrika wa manguva lawa maha tinyanga ma fidzula ya vukolonyi bya lembe xidzana ra vu 20. Matiko ya Afrika ma ringete ku tirhisiana hi ku simeka [[Nhlangano wa matiko ya Afrika]], leyi ngana ntsindza wa yona e[[Addis Ababa]].
== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist}}

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika| ]]
[[Category:Matiko-nkulu]]</text>
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      <text bytes="33" sha1="s097rvm0nbsf32t5i2nm7fosvcmw3fd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:km2 to mi2]]</text>
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      <comment>New page: &lt;noinclude&gt;;Usage: :&lt;nowiki&gt;{{km2 to mi2 | num | abbr | spell | precision | wiki}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;  ;Examples: :''[[WP:MOSNUM#Units of measurement|Manual of Style]] notation'': &lt;nowiki&gt;{{km2 to m...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2995" sha1="slxni8fa6obsez9qi64dnugxqrnkr80" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;;Usage:
:&lt;nowiki&gt;{{km2 to mi2 | num | abbr | spell | precision | wiki}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

;Examples:
:''[[WP:MOSNUM#Units of measurement|Manual of Style]] notation'': &lt;nowiki&gt;{{km2 to mi2|100}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;rarr; {{km2 to mi2|100}}
:''Short notation'': &lt;nowiki&gt;{{km2 to mi2|258.99|abbr=yes}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;rarr; {{km2 to mi2|258.99|abbr=yes}}
:''Full notation'': &lt;nowiki&gt;{{km2 to mi2|num=100|abbr=no|spell=Commonwealth|precision=2|wiki=yes}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;rarr; {{km2 to mi2|num=100|abbr=no|spell=Commonwealth|precision=2|wiki=yes}}

''Italicized'' parameters are optional:
*'''num''' is a required parameter, which specifies the number of square kilometers to be converted to square miles.  Please do not format this parameter; i.e., use 1234 instead of 1,234.
*'''''abbr''''' can take values of either ''mos'', ''yes'', or ''no''.  ''Mos'' will show the names of the units as specified in the [[WP:MOSNUM#Units of measurement|Manual of Style for dates and numbers]] (square kilometers, sq&amp;nbsp;mi); ''yes'' will show the abbreviated names of the units (km², sq&amp;nbsp;mi); and ''no'' will show the full names of the units (square kilometers, square miles).  The default value is ''mos''.
*'''''spell''''' can take values of ''American'' or ''Commonwealth'' and is only meaningful when ''abbr'' is set to ''no''.  ''American'' will use &quot;kilometers&quot;, and ''Commonwealth''&amp;mdash;&quot;kilometres&quot;.  The default value is ''American''.
*'''''precision''''' is the number of decimal digits in the converted value.  The default value is&amp;nbsp;1.
*'''''wiki''''' specifies whether the names of the units should be wikified or not and can take values of either ''yes'' or ''no''. The default value is ''no''.

Capitalization of the parameters is unimportant.&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{FORMATNUM:{{#if:{{{num|}}}|{{{num}}}|{{{1}}}}}}}&amp;nbsp;{{#ifexpr:({{#ifeq:{{LC:{{{abbr|mos}}}}}|mos|1|0}} OR {{#ifeq:{{LC:{{{abbr|mos}}}}}|no|1|0}})|{{#ifeq:{{LC:{{{spell|american}}}}}|american|{{#ifeq:{{LC:{{{wiki|no}}}}}|yes|[[square kilometre|square kilometers]]|square kilometers}}|{{#ifeq:{{LC:{{{wiki|no}}}}}|yes|[[square kilometre]]s|square kilometres}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{LC:{{{wiki|no}}}}}|yes|[[square kilometre|km²]]|km²}}}} ({{FORMATNUM:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{num|}}}|{{{num}}}|{{{1}}}}}/2.589988110336 round {{{precision|1}}}}}}}&amp;nbsp;{{#ifeq:{{LC:{{{abbr|mos}}}}}|no|{{#ifeq:{{LC:{{{wiki|no}}}}}|yes|[[square mile]]s|square miles}}|{{#ifeq:{{LC:{{{wiki|no}}}}}|yes|[[square mile|sq&amp;nbsp;mi]]|sq&amp;nbsp;mi}}}})&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-template}}
==See also==
;This set of templates contains many useful convert a given number and display both in [[WP:MOS]] format :in a family of consistently named templates:
* {{tl|ft to m}}, {{tl|m to ft}}, {{tl|ft2 to m2}}, {{tl|m2 to ft2}}, {{tl|ft3 to m3}}, {{tl|m3 to ft3}}&lt;BR /&gt;as well as:
* {{tl|mi to km}}

* {{tl|mi2 to km2}}

* {{tl|mi3 to km3}}

* {{tl|km to mi}}

* {{tl|km2 to mi2}}

* {{tl|km3 to mi3}}

[[Category:Conversion templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.4</comment>
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      <text bytes="1400" sha1="mgq7ujxqq7k8g3gas4bza9ks47vok1w" xml:space="preserve">'''Xivongo''' i vito leri nyikiwaka munhu ku ya hi muti lowu a tswaleriweke eka wona, kumbe laha a tekiweke kona. Hi xitalo xivongo i vito ra muti. Ku tshuriwa ka swivongo loku tsariweke ku sungule kwalomu ka malembe ya [[1375]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;surname&quot;. Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. 10 Dec. 2007. &lt;Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surname&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Swihlamusela-marito swo tala swi tirhisa &quot;xivongo&quot; tanihi &quot;Vito ra muti&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;&lt;Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surname&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; . Eka mindhavuko yin'wana, munhu u tiveka ku sungula hi xivongo ivi ku landzela vito, leswi tolovelekeke eka [[mavito ya Xichayina]] ni mindhavuko yin'wana.

Swivongo swi hlohloteriwa hi swilo swo tala leswi tolovelekeke, ku fana ni vito ra tatana kumbe mana wa munhu, ntumbuluko wa munhu, ntirho, kumbe vito leri sunguleke evutsongwanini. Loko swivongo swi tumbuluxiwa, swi hlamule swivutiso leswi landzelaka: munhu u tswariwa hi mani? munhu u huma kwihi? munhu u tirha yini? Xihlawulekisi xa nkoka emirini wa munhu?&lt;ref&gt;Scottish Surnames&lt;http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/content/help/index.aspx?560&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;Last Names Dictionary http://www.last-names.net/Articles/Anatomy.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024151257/http://www.last-names.net/Articles/Anatomy.asp |date=2008-10-24 }}&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Swivongo==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Swivongo]]</text>
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      <text bytes="523" sha1="nwoool4gsrrcpnpa64mjpupaqxuo6rx" xml:space="preserve">Va ka Maluleke I Van’wanati. A va tshama enambyeni wa N’wanati, ka Gaza, kusuhi ni lwandle, ni tiva lerikulu va nge N’wampfukwe. Va sukile kona loko ku fika Vangoni ni Sigodo. Va tsemekanya, ku sala Mbingwana, a ta veleka Xipenenyana. Van’wana va ku hi yona hosi leyikulu ya va ka Maluleke. Kutani van’wana va ta Transvaal, va kuma Vanyayi.
Hi ku entisa hina va ka maluleke hi va copi,tihosi ta hina ati kalangi ti fumiwa hi soshangane kutani hingaka hi nga vuriwi machangani,ho si ya va copi ya ndhuma i Mandlati</text>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="8826" sha1="jf9zu4vezc9o63lfl1bv49shezii7g9" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

Hosi '''Mdungazwe Nghunghunyana Nxumalo''' ''(ca [[1850]] - † 26 [[N'wendzamhala]] [[1906]])''&lt;ref name=Lipschutz&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lipschutz |first=Mark R. |title=Dictionary of African Historical Biography |last2=Rasmussen |first2=R. Kent |publisher=University of California Press |year=1986 |isbn=9780520066113 |edition=2nd |pages=79 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;, a kuri hosi ya mfumo wa le kaGaza( e [[Mozambique|mozambhiki]]) laha a fumeke kusukela hi lembe ra 1884 kuya e ka lembe ra 1895. Mdungazwe i hosana ya muti wa ka Dlamini. Nghonyama ya Gaza (tani hi leswi a a tivewa ha kona) yi yi kote ku tiyisa mfumo wa kaGaza, hi ku tirhisa mano na vutsila bya vuthu rakwe ra nyimpi nkarhi wo ringana malembe yo tlulanyana makume nkombo-nthlanu (75) a nga si khotsiwa hi ka ntsikelelo wa maphutukezi.

Kutani eku heteleleni u hluriwile, naswona u bohiwile a yisiwa e tikweni ra maphutukezi e ntsindza wa kona kunga [[Lisbon]]. U tekiwe na vasati vakwe va nkombo; n'wana, malume wakwe na swirho swin'wana swa vuthu rakwe. Endzhaku ko tshama xinkadyana e lisbon, u rhurhiseriwe e xihlaleni xa [[Azore]], laha a tshameke kona kufikela loko a khinsama ra makumu endzhaku ka malembe ya khume-nw'e a ri mubohiwa e azore.

==Malembe ya vutomi bya yena==

===Kutswariwa na rixaka===
'''Mdungazwe''' kumbe ''Mudungazi'' loyi a tlakuseriwe e xiluvelweni xa vukosi bya le kaGaza hi lembe ra 1884, u tswariwile e vukosini hi lembe ra 1850 kun'wana e xikarhi ka nambu wa [[Zambezi river|Zambhezi]] na nambu wa [[Incomati River|Nkomati]], naswona swinga endleka leswaku u tswaleriwe kunwana kusuhi na ribuwa ra Limpopo laha ntsindza wa mfumo wale kaGaza a wu simekiwe kona.

Mdungazi i n'wana wa [[Mzila|Hosi Mzila Nxumalo]] (loyi a fumeke kusukela hi lembe ra 1861 kuya e ka lembe ra 1884) na Yosiwo, loyi a tshuriweke vito ra Umpebekecana endzhaku ka rifu rakwe. Kokwa wakwe a a ri n'wana wa Hosi Soshangane '''Manukosi''' Nxumalo, murhangheri wa Vangoni lava va tsutsumeke nyimpi e tikweni ra kaZulu hi nkarhi wa [[Umfecane|Matiwana]](Kumbe Mfecane), naswona a aka mfumo wa le kaGaza.

===Malembe ya vunthswa (1850-1864)===
Mdungazwe u kule enkarhini lowu madzolonga na ku chava a ku hlasele tiko hinkwaru. Kokwa wakwe Manukosi a a ha ku rhurhela en'walungu wa tiko ku suka etikweni ra kaZulu, a a rhangele vuthu leri chavekaka ra Vangoni ( Va-angune kumbe Vatuwa hikuya hi maphutukezi)
hinkarhi wa tinyimpi ta mpisana kwalomu ka lembe ra 1820. Manukosi u simeke mfumo wa le kaGaza (Vito ra Kokwa wakwe Gaza), lowu a wu aname hi 56 000 km² naswona u lange  muganga wa [[Chayimeti]] tani hi ntsindza wa mfumo.

Hi xona xiyimo lexi Mdungazi loyi a a tava '''Nghunghunyani''' ''Nghonyama ya Gaza'' a tswaleriweke e hansi ka xona, n'wana wa Hosi Mzila waka Nxumalo, Hosana ya muti wa ka Dlamini. U kule a dyondza nyimpi naswona a a hoxa xandla eka tinyimpi leti ntsongo to ndlandlamuxa mfumo leti a ti lulamisiwa hi kokwa wakwe, ndzhaku tata wakwe lembe ni lembe. Nghunghunyani a a akekele kulwa, naswona a nga hlwelanga ku twisisa ndlela ya nyimpi leyi sunguriweke hi kokwa wakwe Manukosi na Hosi Shaka.

===Mfumo wa Hosi Mzila (1864-1884)===
Endzhaku ka ku khinsama ka Soshangane ra makumu, ku sung ule nyimpi yo lwela vukosi e xikarhi ka [[Mawewe]] na [[Mzila]], naswona hambi leswi Manukosi a a lange Mzila tani hi mudyandzhaka wa yena, Mawewe u tekile vukosi. Mzila u hlurile makwavo hi ku pfuniwa hi maphutukezi hi lembe ra 1864 naswona u sungurile ku kurisa vukosi bya kwe e mfun'weni hinkwawo wa tiko ra le ka Gaza.

Hi nkarhi lowu, Mdungazwe a a sungula ku tolovela ehubyeni ya Mzila. Loko tata wa kwe a khinsama ra makumu, Mafemani a ari yena mudyanzhaka tani hi leswi mana wakwe a kuri yena Nsati-nkulu (Nkosikazi), kambe Mdungazi u sungele nyimpi yo lwela vukosi naswona u dlayile mafemani leswaku a kuma xiluvelo xa vukosi bya le kaGaza. Leswi swi bohe Hanyani na Mafabazi leswaku va ya e vuchavela-hwahwa.

Hikwalaho hi lembe ra 1884, Mdungazwe u hlambanyisiwe tani hi mufumi wa le kaGaza naswona a ti tshula vito ra '''Nghunghunyana''' n'wana wa Mzila wa ka Nxumalo ''Nghonyama ya Gaza''.

===Hosi Nghunghunyana (1884 -1895)===
[[Image:Ngungunhane Gungunhana.jpg|thumb|right|Hosi Nghunghunyana hi lembe ra 1885]]
U ku sunguleni ka ku fuma kakwe, mfumo wa le kaGaza a nase wu ndlandlamuke kufikela kwalomu ka 90 000 km² hi ku anama naswona a wuri na va aka tiko va kwalomu ka nthanu wa madzana-dzana ( 500 000 ). Nghunghunyani a rhurherise ntsindza wa mfumo wakwe ku suka e Chayimeti naswona a wusimeka e Mandhlakazi (Manjacaze) hi rona lembe rero.

A ri na ma lembe ya makume-nharhu mune (34), u sungule ku fuma e nkarhini lowu kotlaneke na [[Berlin Conference|ntsombano wa le Berlin]] ( Hi 15 Nhlangula (October) 1884 ku ya ka  26 Nhlangula 1885 ) laha Afrika yi aviweke hi matiko lamakulu ya [[Europe|Yuropa]]. Xikan'we-kan'we huvo ya hosi nghunghunyani yi rhumerile pfhumba hi n'hweti ya Sunguti e ka muyimeri wa mfumo wa ma phutukezi e dorobeni ra ka Xiluvani, leswaku va yisa nyiko ya vunghana no tivisa mufumi lontshwa.

Murhangeri wa rhavi [[Agostinho Coelho]] e ka Xiluvani narona ri hlamule hi ku rhumela muyimeri wa rona eka huvo ya nghunghunyana e xikarhi ka lembe ra 1885. Muyimeri loyi a langiweke a ku ri [[Casaleiro Jose de Alegria Rodrigues]], loyi a hatleke a xiximeka e hubyeni leyi. Ku hlawuriwa ka Casaleiro ku haxe mbewu ya makwanga e xikarhi ka vayimeri va maphutukezi lava a va ri eka xiluvani, naswona leswi swi vange ma dzolonga lama landzeleke.

Casaleiro u nyikiwe ntirho wo tsundzuxa hosi nghunghunyana hi ta ntwanano wa lembe ra 1861 lowu a wu ri kona e xikarhi ka Maputukezi na tata wa kwe Hosi Mzila wa ka Nxumalo, lowu a nase a wu rivariwile. Nghunghunyana u pfumerile ntwanano wolowo ivi ku vumbiwa phfumba ra vukosi leswaku ri ya yimela Hosi Nghunghunyana (Hikwalaho kaswiyilana leswi a swi sivela vanhu vale vukosini ku tluta lwandle) hale ka malwadle e tikweni ra Maphutukezi, e mahlweni ka Hosi Louis wosungula. Pfhumba leri a ri akiwa hi vavanuna vambirhi lava a vari e hubweni ya Hosi Nghunghunyana, kunga Mathanda-Konke (60 wamalembe hi vu khale) na Maphinda (60 wamalembe hi vu khale). Pfhumba leri ri fike eDorobeni ra Lisbon naswona vahlangana na Hoi hi 18 September 1885.{{Kulaveka vumbhoni}}

Hambileswi pfhumba leri ari kanakanisa e mahlweni ka huvo ya Hosi Louis, vasayinile ntwanano wa vunghana e xikarhi ka Hosi Nghunghunyana wa mfumo wa le kaGaza na Hosi Louis wosungula wa mfumo wa maphutukezi hi siku ra 12 October?? 1885, leswi kandziyisiweke eka Gazzete ya xifundza xa Mozambhiki hi siku ra 9 Sunguti 1886.

Ntwanano a wu tiyisekisa vukona bya maphutukezi e tikweni ra mfumo wa le kaGaza nawona wu pfumelela ku famba-famba na ku fambisa mabindzu, hi hala thlelo wu nyika hoi nghunghunyani mfanelo ya ku rhangela ntlawa wa vumbhirhi wa vuthu ra maphutukezi naswona yena navuthu rakwe va nyikiwa Unifomo ya mavuthu ya maphutukezi. Ntwanano lowu a wu amukeriwanga kahle hikwalaho ka ku kanakanisa ka pfhumba leri rhumeriweke na nhlohlotelo lowu Casaleiro a a hleketeriwa ku va nawona.

Pfhumba ra vumbirhi ri rhumiwile hi hosi nghunghunyani kuya e ka hosi Louis wo sungula hi lembe ra 1887, laha ku rhumiweke N'Tonga wa yindlu ya Mandlakazi na Udaka wa yindlu ya Udengo. pfhumba leri ri antswine ngopfu ku tlula lero sungula. Ri amukeriwe Hi Hosi Louis na nghamu yakwe, naswona va memeriwe eka rendzo ra ximfumo ro hlahluva mavuthu na swibalesa swa mfumo.

Hambiswiritano xiboho xa ntsombano wa Berlin wo aviwa ka Afrika xi vule leswaku maphutukezi a ma boheka ku tiyisisa vukolongi bya mfumo wa vona e mozambhiki. Nghunghunyana u sungule ku xunghetiwa hi vafiki lava  kunga maphutukezi na maghezi tanihileswi a a swivona leswaku va lwetana hi ku lava ku lawula tiko ra yena. leswi swi sungule ku byala mano yobiha hi huvo ya yena na hi vamakwavo lava a va rile vuchavela-whawha.

==Minkombo ya le handle==
*[http://www.vidaslusofonas.pt/ngungunhane.htm Ngungunhane] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217064251/http://www.vidaslusofonas.pt/ngungunhane.htm |date=2010-02-17 }}
*[http://www.fmsoares.pt/arquivo_biblioteca/CronoXX/popup_biografias_id.asp?registo=69 Nota biográfica de Gungunhana.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224025532/http://www.fmsoares.pt/arquivo_biblioteca/CronoXX/popup_biografias_id.asp?registo=69 |date=2008-02-24 }}
*[http://www.macua.org/gungunhana/ Gungunhana no seu reino.]
*[http://maschamba.weblog.com.pt/arquivo/2004_05.html#108420 O último discurso de Gungunhana.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028021315/http://maschamba.weblog.com.pt/arquivo/2004_05.html#108420 |date=2008-10-28 }}
*[http://www.macua.org/livros/VIII.htm O império de Gaza.]


== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Tihosi ta Gaza}}
{{Lifetime|1850|1906|Nghunghunyani}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Tihosi]]</text>
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      <comment>Replacing Finland_road_sign_142.svg with [[File:Finland_road_sign_142_(1995–2020).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: Update file name to include years of use.).</comment>
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  |State union |State Union |Union = {{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|&lt;!-- State union --&gt;}}
  |Special |Special territory = {{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|&lt;!-- Special territory --&gt;}}
  |Unrecognized |Unrecognised |Unrecognized state |Unrecognised state |Unrecognized State |Unrecognised State={{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|[[List of unrecognized countries|Unrecognized state]]}}
  |City-state |City-State |City state |City State |City = {{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}} |{{#if:{{{empire|}}}|{{#switch:{{{empire|}}}
    |Holy Roman Empire |HRE = [[Free Imperial City]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] {{#if:{{{year_end|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{{year_end}}}&gt;1806|&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(until 1806)&lt;/small&gt;}}|}}
    |#default = City-state {{#if:{{{empire|}}}|of [[{{{empire}}}]]|}}
    }} | &lt;!-- City-state --&gt; 
  }}}}
  |Commonwealth realm |Commonwealth Realm = {{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}| [[Commonwealth Realm]]}} 
  |League of Nations Mandate | League of Nations |Mandate = {{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|{{#if:{{{empire|}}}|[[League of Nations mandate|Mandate]] of&amp;nbsp;{{#switch:{{{empire}}}
    |United Kingdom |UK=the [[United Kingdom]]
    |#default = {{#ifexist:{{{empire}}}|[[{{{empire}}}]]|{{{empire}}}}}
    }} | [[League of Nations mandate]]
  }}}}
  |United Nations Trust Territory| UN Trust Territory |Trust Territory={{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}| [[United Nations Trust Territories|Trust Territory]] {{#if:{{{empire|}}}|&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;{{#switch:{{{empire}}}
    |United Kingdom |UK = the [[United Kingdom]]
    |United States |US | USA = the [[United States]]
    |#default =  {{#ifexist:{{{empire}}}|[[{{{empire}}}]]|{{{empire}}}}}
  }}}}}}
  |Protectorate = {{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|Protectorate of&amp;nbsp;{{#if:{{{empire|}}}| {{#switch:{{{empire}}}
    |United Kingdom |UK=the [[United Kingdom]]
    |United States |US |USA =the [[United States]]
    |#default = {{#ifexist:{{{empire}}}|[[{{{empire}}}]]|{{{empire}}}}}
    }} |whom? {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|S]]}}
  }}}}
  |Client |Client state |Client State |Puppet |Puppet-state |Puppet state= {{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|{{#if:{{{empire|}}}| {{#switch:{{{empire}}}
    |First French Empire |France = [[French client republic|Client]] of the [[First French Empire]]
    |#default = [[Puppet state]] of {{#ifexist:{{{empire}}}|[[{{{empire}}}]]|{{{empire}}}}}
    }} | Puppet state ''(of whom?)'' {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|S]]}}
  }}}}
  |Vassal={{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|{{#switch:{{{empire|}}}
    |Holy Roman Empire |HRE = [[States of the Holy Roman Empire|State]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] {{#if:{{{year_end|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{{year_end}}}&gt;1806|&lt;small&gt;(until 1806)&lt;/small&gt;}}|}}
    |#default =  Vassal{{#if:{{{empire|}}}|&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;{{{empire}}}|&amp;nbsp;of whom? {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|S]]}}}}
  }}}}
  |Fief={{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|{{#switch:{{{empire|}}}
    |#default =  Fief{{#if:{{{empire|}}}|&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;{{{empire}}}|&amp;nbsp;of whom? {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|S]]}}}}
  }}}}
  |Abbey={{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|{{#switch:{{{empire|}}}
    |Holy Roman Empire |HRE = [[Imperial Abbey]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] [[Category:Imperial abbeys|{{{common_name}}}]]
    |#default =  Abbey{{#if:{{{empire|}}}|&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;{{{empire}}}|&amp;nbsp;of whom? {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|S]]}}}}
  }}}}
  |Satellite |Satellite State | Satellite state ={{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}| Satellite state of the [[Soviet Union]]}} 
  |Colony={{#switch:{{ucfirst:{{{empire}}}}}
    |United Kingdom |UK |British Empire |England| Britain=[[Evolution of the British Empire|British colony]] 
    |France |First French Empire| French Empire=[[French colonial empires|French colony]] 
    |NL |Netherlands |The Netherlands=[[Dutch Empire|Dutch colony]] 
    |Belgium=[[Belgian colonial empire|Belgian colony]] 
    |Spain |Spanish Empire=[[Spanish Empire|Spanish colony]]
    |Portugal=[[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese colony]] 
    |Germany |German Empire=[[German colonial empire|German colony]] 
    |Italy=[[Italian Empire|Italian colony]] 
    |Sweden={{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}| [[Swedish colonial empire|Swedish colony]] }}
    |Denmark=[[Danish colonial empire|Danish colony]] 
    |Norway=Norwegian colony
    |Russia=Russian colony
    |Japan=[[Japanese Empire|Japanese colony]]
    |#default = Colony ({{#if:{{{empire|}}}|{{{empire}}}|''of whom?''{{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|S]]}}}})
  }}
  |Provisional |Provisional Government |Provisional government ={{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}| [[Provisional government]]}} 
  |Exile |Exiled Government = {{#if:{{{year_exile_start|}}}|[[Government in exile|In Exile]] {{#if:{{{year_exile_end|}}}|&amp;nbsp;({{{year_exile_start}}}&amp;nbsp;–&amp;nbsp;{{{year_exile_end}}})|since {{{year_exile_start}}}}}|[[Government in exile]] }} 
  |#default={{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{{status_text}}}|{{{status}}}}}
}}}}
&lt;!-- EXCERPT ZZZ FROM HERE ---
---&gt;
|- 
&lt;!----- Start and end dates of the subdivision plus preceding and succeeding entities
For the preceding and succeeding entities, give as input the name the territory. If there is already flag at &quot;Image:Flag of _.svg&quot; no address to that image needs to be provided. -----&gt;
&lt;!-- If the number of states is too high, use the pn/sn parameters below --&gt;

|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #aaa; padding: 0.2em 0em 0.2em 0em; background:#EFEFEF&quot;|
    {| width=100% style=&quot;text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:none;&quot;
    |-
    |width=50px style=&quot;border:0; vertical-align:middle; font-size:30%; line-height: 105%;&quot;| {{#if:{{{p5|}}}|[[#before-after|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;↓&lt;/span&gt;]]| {{#if:{{{p1|}}}|[[{{{p1}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;←&lt;/span&gt;]] {{#if:{{{flag_p1|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p1}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_p1|}}}|{{{image_p1}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}}&lt;br&gt;}}{{#if:{{{p2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;[[{{{p2}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;←&lt;/span&gt;]] {{#if:{{{flag_p2|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p2}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_p2|}}}|{{{image_p2}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}}&lt;br&gt;}}{{#if:{{{p3|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;[[{{{p3}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;←&lt;/span&gt;]] {{#if:{{{flag_p3|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p3}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_p3|}}}|{{{image_p3}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}}&lt;br&gt;}}{{#if:{{{p4|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;[[{{{p4}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;←&lt;/span&gt;]] {{#if:{{{flag_p4|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p4}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_p4|}}}|{{{image_p4}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}}&lt;br&gt;}}{{#if:{{{p5|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;[[{{{p5}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;←&lt;/span&gt;]] {{#if:{{{flag_p5|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p5}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_p5|}}}|{{{image_p5}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}}&lt;br&gt;}}}}
    |style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:115%; border:0&quot; | {{#if:{{{year_end|}}}| {{#if:{{{life_span|}}}|'''{{{life_span}}}''' |'''{{#ifeq:{{{year_start|}}}|{{{year_end}}}|{{{year_start}}}|{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|{{{year_start}}}&amp;nbsp;–&amp;nbsp;}}{{{year_end}}}}}'''}} |'''Life span?''' }}
    |width=50px style=&quot;border:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align:right; line-height: 105%; font-size:30%;&quot;| {{#if:{{{s5|}}}|[[#before-after|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;↓&lt;/span&gt;]]| {{#if:{{{s1|}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_s1|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s1}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_s1|}}}|{{{image_s1}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}} [[{{{s1}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;br&gt;}}{{#if:{{{s2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{flag_s2|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s2}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_s2|}}}|{{{image_s2}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}} [[{{{s2}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;br&gt;}} {{#if:{{{s3|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{flag_s3|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s3}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_s3|}}}|{{{image_s3}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}} [[{{{s3}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;br&gt;}}{{#if:{{{s4|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{flag_s4|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s4}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_s4|}}}|{{{image_s4}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}} [[{{{s4}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;br&gt;}}{{#if:{{{s5|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{flag_s5|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s5}}}|border|30px]]|{{#if:{{{image_s5|}}}|{{{image_s5}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|30px|border]]}}}} [[{{{s5}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:300%;&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;br&gt;}}}}
    |}
&lt;!----- Flag and coat of arms -----&gt;
{{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}|{{#if:{{{image_coat|}}}|
{{!}}- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;maptable&quot;{{!}}
{{{!}} width=100% style=&quot;text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:none;&quot;
{{!}}-
{{!}}align=center style=&quot;border:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} [[Image:{{{image_flag|&lt;noinclude&gt;Sin bandera.svg&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|{{{flag_size|125px}}}|Flag{{#ifeq:{{{flag_border|}}}|no||{{!}}border}}]]
{{!}}align=center style=&quot;border:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} [[Image:{{{image_coat|&lt;noinclude&gt;Sin escudo.svg&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|{{{coa_size|85px}}}|Coat of arms]]
{{!}}- style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
{{!}} style=&quot;border:0; text-align:center;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag|}}}|[[{{{flag}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|{{{flag_type}}}|Flag}}]]| {{#ifexist:Flag of {{{common_name}}}|[[Flag of {{{common_name}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|{{{flag_type}}}|Flag}}]]| {{#ifexist:Flag of the {{{common_name}}}|[[Flag of the {{{common_name}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|{{{flag_type}}}|Flag}}]] |{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|{{{flag_type}}}|Flag}}}}}}}}
{{!}} style=&quot;border:0; text-align:center;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{symbol|}}}|[[{{{symbol}}}|{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|{{{symbol_type}}}|Coat of arms}}]]|{{#ifexist:Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}|[[Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}|{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|{{{symbol_type}}}|Coat of arms}}]]|{{#ifexist:Coat of arms of the {{{common_name}}}|[[Coat of arms of the {{{common_name}}}|{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|{{{symbol_type}}}|Coat of arms}}]]|{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|{{{symbol_type}}}|Coat of arms}}}}}}}}
{{!}}} 
|{{!}}- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;maptable&quot; align=center {{!}}
&lt;p&gt;[[Image:{{{image_flag|&lt;noinclude&gt;Sin bandera.svg&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|125px{{#ifeq:{{{flag_border|}}}|no||{{!}}border}}|Flag of {{{common_name}}}]]&lt;p&gt; {{#if:{{{flag|}}}|[[{{{flag}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|{{{flag_type}}}|Flag}}]]| {{#ifexist:Flag of {{{common_name}}}|[[Flag of {{{common_name}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|{{{flag_type}}}|Flag}}]]| {{#ifexist:Flag of the {{{common_name}}}|[[Flag of the {{{common_name}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|{{{flag_type}}}|Flag}}]] |{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|{{{flag_type}}}|Flag}}}}}}}}}}}}
|-
{{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}||{{#if:{{{image_coat|}}}|
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;maptable&quot; align=center {{!}}
&lt;p&gt;[[Image:{{{image_coat|&lt;noinclude&gt;Sin escudo.svg&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|{{{coa_size|85px}}}|{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|{{{symbol_type}}}|Coat of arms}} of {{{common_name}}}]] &lt;p&gt; {{#if:{{{symbol|}}}|[[{{{symbol}}}|{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|{{{symbol_type}}}|Coat of arms}}]]|{{#ifexist:Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}|[[Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}|{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|{{{symbol_type}}}|Coat of arms}}]]|{{#ifexist:Coat of arms of the {{{common_name}}}|[[Coat of arms of the {{{common_name}}}| |{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|{{{symbol_type}}}|Coat of arms}}]]|{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|{{{symbol_type}}}|Coat of arms}}}}}}}}}}}}
|-
&lt;!-- EXCERPT ZZZ TO HERE
---&gt;
&lt;!----- Motto -----&gt;
{{#if: {{{xihlambanyo|}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-size:95%;&quot; {{!}} '''[[Xihlambanyo]]'''&lt;br/&gt;{{{xihlambanyo}}}
}}
|-
&lt;!----- Anthem -----&gt;
{{#if: {{{risimu_ra_ri_xaka|}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-size:95%;&quot; {{!}}  '''[[National anthem|Risimu ra ri xaka]]'''&lt;br/&gt;{{#ifexist:{{{risimu_ra_ri_xaka}}}|[[{{{risimu_ra_ri_xaka}}}]]|{{{risimu_ra_ri_xaka}}}}}
}}
|-
&lt;!----- Maps -----&gt;
{{#if:{{{image_map|}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:95%; padding:0.6em 0em 0.6em 0em;&quot; {{!}} [[Image:{{{image_map|&lt;noinclude&gt;Missing map.png&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|{{{image_map_size|250px}}}|center|Location of {{{common_name}}}]]&lt;small&gt;{{#if:{{{image_map_caption|}}}|{{{image_map_caption}}}}}&lt;/small&gt; | {{#if:{{{location_map|}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:95%; padding:0.6em 0em 0.6em 0em;&quot; {{!}} {{{location_map}}} }} }}
{{#if:{{{image_map2|}}} |
{{!-}} class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; padding:0.6em 0em;&quot; {{!}} [[Image:{{{image_map2}}} |{{{image_map2_size|280px}}} |center |Location of {{{common_name}}}]] &lt;small&gt;{{#if:{{{image_map2_caption|}}}|{{{image_map2_caption}}}}}&lt;/small&gt;
}}
|- {{#if:{{{capital_exile|}}}|class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;}} 
&lt;!----- Capital -----&gt;
| width=50% | '''[[List of historical national capitals|Ntsindza]]'''
| width=50% | {{#if:{{{ntsindza|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{ntsindza}}}|[[{{{ntsindza}}}]]|{{{ntsindza}}}}}|''Not specified''}}
|- {{#if:{{{ntsindza|}}}| class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{capital_exile|}}} |
&lt;!----- Capital-in-exile -----&gt;
{{!}} '''Capital-in-exile'''
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{capital_exile}}}|[[{{{capital_exile}}}]]|{{{capital_exile}}}}}
}}
|-
&lt;!----- Common language(s) -----&gt;
{{#if: {{{common_languages|}}}|
{{!}} '''Tindzimi'''
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{common_languages}}} language|[[{{{common_languages}}} language|{{{common_languages}}}]] |{{#ifexist:{{{common_languages}}}|[[{{{common_languages}}}]]|{{{common_languages}}}}}}}
}}
|-
&lt;!----- Religion -----&gt;
{{#if: {{{religion|}}}|
{{!}} '''[[State religion|Vukhongeri]]'''
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{Vukhongeri}}}|[[{{{Vukhongeri}}}]]|{{{Vukhongeri}}}}}
}}
|- {{#if:{{{title_leader|}}}{{{title_deputy|}}}{{{title_representative|}}}|class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;}}
&lt;!----- Government -----&gt;
|'''[[Hulumende|{{#if:{{{hulumende|}}}|Hulumende|{{#if:{{{status|}}}|Political structure|Hulumende}}}}]]'''
|| {{#if:{{{hulumende|}}}|{{#switch:{{ucfirst:{{{hulumende}}}}}
  |Constitutional monarchy |Constitutional Monarchy|Elective monarchy|Elective Monarchy |Absolute Monarchy |Absolute monarchy
  |Monarchy=[[{{{hulumende}}}]] {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||{{#switch:{{{continent}}}
    |Europe=[[Category:Former monarchies of Europe|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
    |Asia=[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
    |North America=[[Category:Former monarchies of North America|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
    |South America=[[Category:Former monarchies of South America|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
    |Africa=[[Category:Former monarchies of Africa|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
    |Oceania=[[Category:Former monarchies of Oceania|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
    |Eurasia=[[Category:Former monarchies of Europe|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]][[Category:Former monarchies of Asia|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
    |Afroasia=[[Category:Former monarchies of Africa|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]][[Category:Former monarchies of Asia|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
    |Afroeurasia=[[Category:Former monarchies of Europe|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]][[Category:Former monarchies of Asia|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]][[Category:Former monarchies of Africa|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]|[[Category:Former monarchies|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
    }}}}
  |Republic|Federal Republic|Federal republic=[[Republic]] {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|| [[Category:Former republics|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]}}
  |Principality=[[Principality]] {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|| [[Category:Former principalities|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]}}
  |Emirate=[[Emirate]] {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|| [[Category:Former emirates|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]}}
  |Socialist state |Socialist republic |Socialist State |Socialist Republic=[[Socialist state|Socialist republic]] {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|| [[Category:Former socialist republics|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]}}
  |Dictatorship |Military Dictatorship=[[Dictatorship]] 
  |Theocracy = [[Theocracy]] {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|| [[Category:Former theocracies|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]}}
  |Various = 
  |#default = {{#ifexist:{{{hulumende}}}|[[{{{government_type}}}]]|{{{hulumende}}}}}&lt;!-- ''Value specified for &quot;hulumende&quot; [[Template:Infobox_Former_Country/Instructions#Politics|does not comply]]'' --&gt;[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|G]]
  }}|{{#if:{{{status|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{status}}}|[[{{{status}}}]]|{{{status}}}}}|''Not specified''}}
}}
|- {{#if:{{{year_leader1|}}}{{{leader2|}}}{{{deputy1|}}}{{{representative1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;|class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
&lt;!-- Head of state. For colonies and dependant territories, this is still the head of the ruling entity --&gt;
&lt;!-- eg. The head of state of a British colonies is the British monarch --&gt;
{{#if:{{{leader1|}}}|
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_leader1|}}}|colspan=&quot;2&quot;}} {{!}} '''{{#if:{{{title_leader|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{title_leader}}}|[[{{{title_leader}}}]]|{{{title_leader}}}}}|{{#switch:{{{government_type}}}|Monarchy=[[{{#ifexist:King of {{{common_name}}}|King of {{{common_name}}}|{{#ifexist:King of the {{{common_name}}}|King of the {{{common_name}}}|Monarch}}}}|King]]|Constitutional monarchy=[[{{#ifexist:King of {{{common_name}}}|King of {{{common_name}}}|{{#ifexist:King of the {{{common_name}}}|King of the {{{common_name}}}|Monarch}}}}|King]]|[[{{#ifexist:President of {{{common_name}}}|President of {{{common_name}}}|{{#ifexist:President of the {{{common_name}}}|President of the {{{common_name}}}|President}}}}|President]]}}}}'''{{#if:{{{year_leader1|}}}||
{{!!}}{{#ifexist:{{{leader1}}}|[[{{{leader1}}}]]|{{{leader1}}}}}}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{leader2|}}}{{{deputy1|}}}{{{representative1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{year_leader1|}}}| 
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;- {{{year_leader1}}}
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{leader1}}}|[[{{{leader1}}}]]|{{{leader1}}}}}
}}}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{leader3|}}}{{{deputy1|}}}{{{representative1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{leader2|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_leader2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_leader2}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{leader2}}}|[[{{{leader2}}}]]|{{{leader2}}}}} 
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{leader4|}}}{{{deputy1|}}}{{{representative1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{leader3|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_leader3|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_leader3}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{leader3}}}|[[{{{leader3}}}]]|{{{leader3}}}}}
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{leader5|}}}{{{deputy1|}}}{{{representative1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{leader4|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_leader4|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_leader4}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{leader4}}}|[[{{{leader4}}}]]|{{{leader4}}}}} 
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{leader6|}}}{{{deputy1|}}}{{{representative1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{leader5|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_leader5|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_leader5}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{leader5}}}|[[{{{leader5}}}]]|{{{leader5}}}}} 
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{deputy1|}}}{{{representative1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{leader6|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_leader6|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_leader6}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{leader6}}}|[[{{{leader6}}}]]|{{{leader6}}}}} 
}}
&lt;!-- DO NOT ADD ANY MORE LEADER SLOTS! ANY EXTRAS WILL BE DELETED --&gt;
&lt;!-- Representative of head of state (eg. colony governors) - for many entities this section should be blank --&gt;
|- {{#if:{{{year_representative1|}}}{{{representative2|}}}{{{deputy1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{representative1|}}}|
{{!}} '''{{#if:{{{title_representative|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{title_representative}}}|[[{{{title_representative}}}]]|{{{title_representative}}}}}|[[{{#ifexist:Governor of {{{common_name}}}|Governor of {{{common_name}}}|{{#ifexist: Governor of the {{{common_name}}}|Governor of the {{{common_name}}}|Governor}}}}|Governor]]}}'''
{{!!}} {{#if:{{{year_representative1|}}}||{{#ifexist:{{{representative1}}}|[[{{{representative1}}}]]|{{{representative1}}}}}}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{representative2|}}}{{{deputy1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{year_representative1|}}}| 
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;- {{{year_representative1}}}
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{representative1}}}|[[{{{representative1}}}]]|{{{representative1}}}}}
}}}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{representative3|}}}{{{deputy1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{representative2|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_representative2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_representative2}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{representative2}}}|[[{{{representative2}}}]]|{{{representative2}}}}} 
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{representative3|}}}{{{deputy1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{representative3|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_representative3|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_representative3}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{representative3}}}|[[{{{representative3}}}]]|{{{representative3}}}}}
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{representative5|}}}{{{deputy1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{representative4|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_representative4|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_representative4}}}}} 
{{!!}}{{#ifexist:{{{representative4}}}|[[{{{representative4}}}]]|{{{representative4}}}}}
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{deputy1|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{representative5|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_representative5|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_representative5}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{representative5}}}|[[{{{representative5}}}]]|{{{representative5}}}}}
}}
|- {{#if:{{{year_deputy1|}}}{{{deputy2|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
&lt;!-- Head of government (if different from head of state), or second-in-charge --&gt;
{{#if:{{{deputy1|}}}|
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_deputy1|}}}|colspan=&quot;2&quot;}} {{!}} '''{{#if:{{{title_deputy|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{title_deputy}}}|[[{{{title_deputy}}}]]|{{{title_deputy}}}}}|[[{{#ifexist:Prime minister of {{{common_name}}}|Prime minister of {{{common_name}}}|{{#ifexist:Prime minister of the {{{common_name}}}|Prime minister of the {{{common_name}}}|{{#ifexist:Prime Minister of {{{common_name}}}|Prime Minister of {{{common_name}}}|{{#ifexist:Prime Minister of the {{{common_name}}}|Prime Minister of the {{{common_name}}}|Prime minister}}}}}}}}|Prime minister]]}}'''{{#if:{{{year_deputy1|}}}||
{{!!}}{{#ifexist:{{{deputy1}}}|[[{{{deputy1}}}]]|{{{deputy1}}}}}}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{deputy2|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{year_deputy1|}}}| 
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;- {{{year_deputy1}}}
{{!}} {{#ifexist:{{{deputy1}}}|[[{{{deputy1}}}]]|{{{deputy1}}}}}
}}}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{deputy3|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{deputy2|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_deputy2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_deputy2}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{deputy2}}}|[[{{{deputy2}}}]]|{{{deputy2}}}}} 
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{deputy4|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{deputy3|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_deputy3|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_deputy3}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{deputy3}}}|[[{{{deputy3}}}]]|{{{deputy3}}}}}
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{deputy5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{deputy4|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_deputy4|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_deputy4}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{deputy4}}}|[[{{{deputy4}}}]]|{{{deputy4}}}}}
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{deputy6|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if:{{{deputy5|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_deputy5|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_deputy5}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{deputy5}}}|[[{{{deputy5}}}]]|{{{deputy5}}}}}
}}
{{!}}- class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;
{{#if:{{{deputy6|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if:{{{year_deputy6|}}}|&amp;nbsp;- {{{year_deputy6}}}}} 
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{deputy6}}}|[[{{{deputy6}}}]]|{{{deputy6}}}}}
}}
|-
{{#if: {{{legislature|}}} |
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{house1|}}}{{{house2|}}} | class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;}}
&lt;!----- Legislature -----&gt;
{{!}} '''[[Legislature]]'''
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{legislature}}}|[[{{{legislature}}}]]|{{{legislature}}}}}
{{#if:{{{house1|}}}| 
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{house2|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;- {{#if:{{{type_house1|}}}|{{{type_house1}}}|Upper house}}
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{house1}}}|[[{{{house1}}}]]|{{{house1}}}}}}}
{{#if:{{{house2|}}}| 
{{!}}- class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;- {{#if:{{{type_house2|}}}|{{{type_house2}}}|Lower house}}
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{house2}}}|[[{{{house2}}}]]|{{{house2}}}}}}}
}}
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
&lt;!----- Events  -----&gt;
| {{#if:{{{era|}}}|'''Nkarhi wa ma timu'''|'''Matimu'''}}
|| {{#if:{{{era|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{era|}}}|[[{{{era}}}]]|{{{era}}}}} {{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||{{#switch:{{{era}}}
  |Cold War=[[Category:Former polities 1945-1991|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
  |Interwar period=[[Category:Former polities of the Interwar period|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]
  }} }} }}
{{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|| {{#ifeq:0|{{#expr:{{{year_end}}}&gt;({{{year_start}}}+10)}}|[[Category:{{#switch:{{{era}}}
  |World War II=Short-lived states of World War II
  |World War I=Short-lived states of World War I
  |#default=Short-lived states}}|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]] }} }}
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; 
{{#if:{{{event_pre|}}}|{{WPFCevent|event={{{event_pre}}}|year=|date={{#if:{{{date_pre|}}}|{{{date_pre}}}}}}}}}
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; 
{{WPFCevent|event={{#if:{{{event_start|}}}|{{{event_start}}}|Wusimekiwe hi}}|year={{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|{{{year_start}}}|''Enter start year''{{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|D]]}}}}
|date={{#if:{{{date_start|}}}|{{{date_start}}}}}}}
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
{{#if:{{{event1|}}}|{{WPFCevent|event={{{event1}}}|year=|date={{#if:{{{date_event1|}}}|{{{date_event1}}}}}}}}}
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; 
{{#if:{{{event2|}}}|{{WPFCevent|event={{{event2}}}|year=|date={{#if:{{{date_event2|}}}|{{{date_event2}}}}}}}}}
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; 
{{#if:{{{event3|}}}|{{WPFCevent|event={{{event3}}}|year=|date={{#if:{{{date_event3|}}}|{{{date_event3}}}}}}}}}
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; 
{{#if:{{{event4|}}}|{{WPFCevent|event={{{event4}}}|year=|date={{#if:{{{date_event4|}}}|{{{date_event4}}}}}}}}}
|- {{#if:{{{event_post|}}}|class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;|class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}} 
{{WPFCevent|event={{#if:{{{event_end|}}}|{{{event_end}}}|Wuhela hi}}|year={{#if:{{{year_end|}}}|{{{year_end}}}|''Enter end year''{{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|D]]}}}}|date={{#if:{{{date_end|}}}|{{{date_end}}}}}}}
|- class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot; 
{{#if:{{{event_post|}}}|{{WPFCevent|event={{{event_post}}}|year=|date={{#if:{{{date_post|}}}|{{{date_post}}}}}}}}}
|- {{#if: {{{stat_year1|}}}||class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;}}
&lt;!----- Area -----&gt;
{{#if: {{{stat_year1|}}}|
{{#if: {{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} '''[[List of countries and outlying territories by area|Ku anama]]'''|
}}
{{!}}- {{#if: {{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_area1|}}} |
{{!}} {{#if: {{{stat_year1|}}}|&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{{stat_year1}}} {{#if:{{{ref_area1|}}}|{{{ref_area1}}} }} }} 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_area1|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;km² {{nowrap|({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_area1}}} div 2.589988110336 round 0}}}}&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
}}
{{!}}- {{#if:{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_area2|}}} | {{ #ifeq: {{{stat_area2|}}} | {{{stat_area1|}}} | |
{{!}} {{#if: {{{stat_year2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{{stat_year2}}} }} 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_area2|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;km² {{nowrap|({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_area2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 0}}}}&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
}} }}
{{!}}- {{#if: {{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_area3|}}} | {{ #ifeq: {{{stat_area3|}}} | {{{stat_area2|}}} | |
{{!}} {{#if: {{{stat_year3|}}}|&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{{stat_year3}}} }} 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_area3|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;km² {{nowrap|({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_area3}}} div 2.589988110336 round 0}}}}&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
}} }}
{{!}}- {{#if: {{{stat_area5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_area4|}}} | {{ #ifeq: {{{stat_area4|}}} | {{{stat_area3|}}} | |
{{!}} {{#if: {{{stat_year4|}}}|&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{{stat_year4}}} }} 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_area4|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;km² {{nowrap|({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_area4}}} div 2.589988110336 round 0}}}}&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
}} }}
{{!}}- class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;
{{#if: {{{stat_area5|}}} | {{ #ifeq: {{{stat_area5|}}} | {{{stat_area4|}}} | |
{{!}} style=&quot;padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;&quot; {{!}} {{#if: {{{stat_year5|}}}|&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{{stat_year5}}} }} {{!}}{{!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_area5|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;km² {{nowrap|({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_area5}}} div 2.589988110336 round 0}}}}&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
}} }}
| {{#if: {{{stat_area1|}}} |
 {{!}} '''[[List of countries and outlying territories by area|Ku anama]]'''
 {{!!}}  {{formatnum:{{{stat_area1|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;km² {{nowrap|({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_area1}}} div 2.589988110336 round 0}}}}&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)}}
}}
}}
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
&lt;!----- Population -----&gt;
{{#if: {{{stat_pop1|}}}{{{stat_pop2|}}}{{{stat_pop3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} '''[[List of countries by population|Ntsengo wa vanhu]]'''
}}
|- {{#if: {{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_pop2|}}}{{{stat_pop3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_pop1|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{#if:{{{stat_year1|}}}|{{{stat_year1}}} }} est.{{#if:{{{ref_pop1|}}}|{{{ref_pop1}}} }}
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_pop1|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;
{{!}}- {{#if: {{{stat_pop2|}}}{{{stat_pop3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_area1|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; [[Population density|Ntlimbano]] 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{{stat_pop1}}} div {{{stat_area1}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/km²&amp;nbsp; ({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_pop1}}} * 2.589988110336 div {{{stat_area1}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)
}}}}
|- {{#if: {{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_pop3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}} 
{{#if: {{{stat_pop2|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{{stat_year2}}} est. 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_pop2|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;
{{!}}- {{#if: {{{stat_pop3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}} 
{{#if: {{{stat_area2|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; [[Population density|Ntlimbano]] 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{{stat_pop2}}} div {{{stat_area2}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/km²&amp;nbsp; ({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_pop2}}} * 2.589988110336 div {{{stat_area2}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)
}}}}
|- {{#if: {{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_pop3|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{{stat_year3}}} est. 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_pop3|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;
{{!}}- {{#if: {{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_area3|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; [[Population density|Ntlimbano]] 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{{stat_pop3}}} div {{{stat_area3}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/km²&amp;nbsp; ({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_pop3}}} * 2.589988110336 div {{{stat_area3}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)
}}}}
|- {{#if: {{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_pop4|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{{stat_year4}}} est. 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_pop4|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;
{{!}}- {{#if: {{{stat_pop5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_area4|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; [[Population density|Ntlimbano]] 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{{stat_pop4}}} div {{{stat_area4}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/km²&amp;nbsp; ({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_pop4}}} * 2.589988110336 div {{{stat_area4}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)
}}}}
|- {{#if: {{{stat_area5|}}} | class=&quot;mergedrow&quot; | class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;}}
{{#if: {{{stat_pop5|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{{stat_year5}}} est. 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{{stat_pop5|}}}}}&amp;nbsp;
{{!}}- class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;
{{#if: {{{stat_area5|}}} |
{{!}} &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; [[Population density|Ntlimbano]] 
{{!!}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{{stat_pop5}}} div {{{stat_area5}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/km²&amp;nbsp; ({{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{stat_pop5}}} * 2.589988110336 div {{{stat_area5}}} round 1}}}}&amp;nbsp;/sq&amp;nbsp;mi)
}}}}
|-
{{#if: {{{currency|}}} |
&lt;!----- Currency -----&gt;
{{!}} '''[[Currency|Mali]]'''
{{!!}} {{#ifexist:{{{currency}}}|[[{{{currency}}}]]|{{{currency}}}}}
}}
|-
{{#if:{{{cctld|}}} |&lt;!--then:
     --&gt;
          {{!}} '''[[Country code top-level domain|Internet TLD]]'''
          &lt;td&gt;{{{cctld}}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}
|-
{{#if:{{{calling_code|}}} |&lt;!--then:
     --&gt;
          {{!}} '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling code]]'''
          &lt;td&gt;[[+{{{calling_code}}}]]
             {{#ifexist:{{{calling_code_note|}}} |&lt;!--then:--&gt;
          &lt;td&gt;   {{{calling_code_note}}} }}
}}
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
{{#if:{{{pn1|}}} |[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|F]]}}{{#if:{{{sn1|}}} |[[Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance|F]]}}
{{#ifeq: {{#expr: {{#expr:{{#if:{{{p5|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{s5|}}}|1|0}}}} &gt; 0}} | 1 |
&lt;!----- Preceding and succeding entities without flags (used if more than 5) -----&gt;
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}}
{{{!}} width=100% style=&quot;text-align:center; margin:0 auto;&quot;
{{!}}- 
{{!}} align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:0; padding-bottom:0&quot;{{!}}&lt;div id=&quot;before-after&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; {{#if:{{{p1|}}}|'''Preceded by'''}} {{!}}{{!}} align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:0; padding-bottom:0;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{s1|}}}|'''Succeeded by'''}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:0;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{p1|}}} | {{{!}} width=100% style=&quot;text-align:center; margin:0 auto;  border:0;&quot;
{{!}}-
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p1|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p1}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p1|}}}|{{{image_p1}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p1}}}]]
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p2|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p2|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p2}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p2|}}}|{{{image_p2}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p2}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p3|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p3|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p3}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p3|}}}|{{{image_p3}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p3}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p4|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p4|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p4}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p4|}}}|{{{image_p4}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p4}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p5|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p5|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p5}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p5|}}}|{{{image_p5}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p5}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p6|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p6|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p6}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p6|}}}|{{{image_p6}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p6}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p7|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p7|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p7}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p7|}}}|{{{image_p7}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p7}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p8|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p8|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p8}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p8|}}}|{{{image_p8}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p8}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p9|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p9|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p9}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p9|}}}|{{{image_p9}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p9}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p10|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p10|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p10}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p10|}}}|{{{image_p10}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p10}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p11|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p11|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p11}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p11|}}}|{{{image_p11}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p11}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p12|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p12|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p12}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p12|}}}|{{{image_p12}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p12}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p13|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p13|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p13}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p13|}}}|{{{image_p13}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p13}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p14|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p14|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p14}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p14|}}}|{{{image_p14}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p14}}}]]}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{p15|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_p15|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_p15}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_p15|}}}|{{{image_p15}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{p15}}}]]}}
{{!}}}
}}
{{!}} valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:0;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{s1|}}} | {{{!}} width=100% style=&quot;text-align:center; margin:0 auto; style=&quot;border:0;&quot;
{{!}}-
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s1}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s1|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s1}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s1|}}}|{{{image_s1}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s2|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s2}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s2|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s2}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s2|}}}|{{{image_s2}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s3|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s3}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s3|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s3}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s3|}}}|{{{image_s3}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s4|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s4}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s4|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s4}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s4|}}}|{{{image_s4}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s5|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s5}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s5|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s5}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s5|}}}|{{{image_s5}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s6|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s6}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s6|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s6}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s6|}}}|{{{image_s6}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s7|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s7}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s7|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s7}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s7|}}}|{{{image_s7}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s8|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s8}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s8|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s8}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s8|}}}|{{{image_s8}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s9|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s9}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s9|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s9}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s9|}}}|{{{image_s9}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s10|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s10}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s10|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s10}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s10|}}}|{{{image_s10}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s11|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s11}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s11|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s11}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s11|}}}|{{{image_s11}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s12|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s12}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s12|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s12}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s12|}}}|{{{image_s12}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s13|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s13}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s13|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s13}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s13|}}}|{{{image_s13}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s14|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s14}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s14|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s14}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s14|}}}|{{{image_s14}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}-
{{#if:{{{s15|}}} |
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;&quot;{{!}} [[{{{s15}}}]]
{{!}}style=&quot;border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;&quot;{{!}} {{#if:{{{flag_s15|}}}|[[Image:{{{flag_s15}}}|20px|border]]|{{#if:{{{image_s15|}}}|{{{image_s15}}}|[[Image:Blank.png|20px|border]]}}}}}}
{{!}}}
}}
{{!}}}
}}
|-
{{#if: {{{today|}}} |
&lt;!----- Present Divisions -----&gt;
{{!}} '''Today part of'''
{{!!}} {{{today}}}
}}
|-
&lt;!----- Footnotes -----&gt;
{{#if: {{{footnotes|}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} &lt;small&gt;{{{footnotes}}}&lt;/small&gt; }}
|-
&lt;!----- Footnotes -----&gt;
{{#if: {{{footnotes2|}}} |
{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{!}} &lt;small&gt;{{{footnotes2}}}&lt;/small&gt; }}
|-
{{#if:{{{_noautocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;yes&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||{{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|[[Category:{{{year_start}}} establishments|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_start}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{year_end|}}}|[[Category:{{{year_end}}} disestablishments|{{{common_name}}}, {{{year_end}}}]]}} }}
|}&lt;!-- End Template proper --&gt;
|}&lt;!-- End padding table --&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-----End of template--------&gt;
{{/Blank}}

*This infobox is a part of '''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Former countries|WikiProject Former countries]]'''.
*Review the '''[[Template:Infobox Former Country/doc|Documentation]]'''
*Read the '''[[Template:Infobox Former Country/Instructions|Instructions]]'''

{{Documentation, template}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox Former Country/Blank</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2785</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35491</id>
      <parentid>26540</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-11-03T13:14:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Finland_road_sign_142.svg with [[File:Finland_road_sign_142_(1995–2020).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: Update file name to include years of use.).</comment>
      <origin>35491</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6126" sha1="pksrws5mklosqk8cc8rqqn09k2e69z9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Former Country
|_noautocat=yes
|Vito_ra_ndzhavuko = {{{Vito_ra_ndzhavuko}}}
|conventional_long_name = {{{conventional_long_name}}}
|common_name = {{{common_name}}} 
|
|continent = Afrika
|region    = &lt;!--- Reserved for generating categories on subregions of continents ---&gt;
|country   = &lt;!--- The country, to which this historic entity belongs today ---&gt;
|era       = 
|status    = 
|status_text= &lt;!--- A free text to describe status and empire at the top of the infobox like: &quot;State of the Holy Roman Empire&quot; ---&gt;
|empire    = &lt;!--- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency ---&gt;
|government_type    = &lt;!--- Specify &quot;Monarchy&quot;, &quot;Republic&quot;, etc to generate categories ---&gt;
|
|&lt;!--- Rise and fall, events, years and dates ---&gt;
|&lt;!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say &quot;abolition&quot; or &quot;declaration&quot;--&gt;
|
|year_start  = {{{year_start}}}
|year_end    = {{{year_end}}}
|
|event_start = {{{event_start}}}
|date_start  = {{{date_start}}}
|event_end   = {{{event_end}}}
|date_end    = {{{date_end}}}
|
|event1      = {{{event1}}}
|date_event1 = {{{date_event1}}}
|event2      = {{{event2}}}
|date_event2 = {{{date_event2}}}
|event3      = {{{event3}}}
|date_event3 = {{{date_event3}}}
|event4      = {{{event4}}}
|date_event4 = {{{date_event4}}}
|
|event_pre   = {{{event_pre}}}
|date_pre    = {{{date_pre}}}
|event_post  = {{{event_post}}}
|date_post   = {{{date_post}}}
|
|&lt;!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 ---&gt;
|p1          = &lt;!--- Name of the article for preceding entity, numbered 1-5 ---&gt;
|flag_p1     = &lt;!--- Default: &quot;Flag of {{{p1}}}.svg&quot; (size 30) ---&gt;
|image_p1    = &lt;!--- Use: [[Image:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] ---&gt;
|p2          = 
|flag_p2     = 
|p3          = 
|flag_p3     = 
|p4          = 
|flag_p4     = 
|p5          = 
|flag_p5     = 
|s1          = &lt;!--- Name of the article for succeeding entity, numbered 1-5 ---&gt;
|flag_s1     = &lt;!--- Default: &quot;Flag of {{{s1}}}.svg&quot; (size 30) ---&gt;
|image_s1    = &lt;!--- Use: [[Image:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] ---&gt;
|s2          = 
|flag_s2     = 
|s3          = 
|flag_s3     = 
|s4          = 
|flag_s4     = 
|s5          = 
|flag_s5     = 
|
|image_flag   = Sin bandera.svg
|flag         = &lt;!--- Link target under flag image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} ---&gt;
|flag_type    = &lt;!--- Displayed text for link under flag. Default &quot;Flag&quot; ---&gt;
|
|image_coat   = Sin escudo.svg
|symbol       = &lt;!--- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} ---&gt;
|symbol_type  = &lt;!--- Displayed text for link under symbol. Default &quot;Coat of arms&quot; ---&gt;
|
|image_map    = Missing map.png
|image_map_caption  = {{{image_map_caption}}}
|
|capital          = {{{capital}}}
|capital_exile    = {{{capital_exile}}}
|latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= 
|
|national_motto   = {{{national_motto}}}
|national_anthem  = {{{national_anthem}}}
|common_languages = {{{common_languages}}}
|religion         = {{{religion}}}
|currency         = {{{currency}}}
|
|&lt;!--- Titles and names of the first and last leaders an their deputies ---&gt;
|leader1      = {{{leader1}}}
|leader2      = {{{leader2}}}
|leader3      = {{{leader3}}}
|leader4      = {{{leader4}}}
|year_leader1 = {{{year_leader1}}}
|year_leader2 = {{{year_leader2}}}
|year_leader3 = {{{year_leader3}}}
|year_leader4 = {{{year_leader4}}}
|title_leader = {{{title_leader}}}
|representative1      = {{{representative1}}}
|representative2      = {{{representative2}}}
|representative3      = {{{representative3}}}
|representative4      = {{{representative4}}}
|year_representative1 = {{{year_representative1}}}
|year_representative2 = {{{year_representative2}}}
|year_representative3 = {{{year_representative3}}}
|year_representative4 = {{{year_representative4}}}
|title_representative = {{{title_representative}}}
|deputy1      = {{{deputy1}}}
|deputy2      = {{{deputy2}}}
|deputy3      = {{{deputy3}}}
|deputy4      = {{{deputy4}}}
|year_deputy1 = {{{year_deputy1}}}
|year_deputy2 = {{{year_deputy2}}}
|year_deputy3 = {{{year_deputy3}}}
|year_deputy4 = {{{year_deputy4}}}
|title_deputy = {{{title_deputy}}}
|
|&lt;!--- Legislature ---&gt;
|legislature  = {{{legislature}}}
|house1       = {{{house1}}}
|type_house1  = {{{type_house1}}}
|house2       = {{{house2}}}
|type_house2  = {{{type_house2}}}
|
|&lt;!--- Area and population of a given year ---&gt;
|stat_year1 = 
|stat_area1 = 
|stat_pop1  = 
|stat_year2 = 
|stat_area2 = 
|stat_pop2  = 
|stat_year3 = 
|stat_area3 = 
|stat_pop3  = 
|stat_year4 = 
|stat_area4 = 
|stat_pop4  = 
|stat_year5 = 
|stat_area5 = 
|stat_pop5  = 
|footnotes  = {{{footnotes}}}
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;Here is the former country infobox with '''some''' fields displayed. Some fields cannot be clearly displayed in this default setting. (eg. area, population, preceding/succeeding states)

Almost all fields are optional, some fields are more optional than others. Some fields are hidden but necessary for infobox functionality. 

'''For more information, see the [[Template talk:Infobox Former Country#Empty syntax|empty syntax]] and [[Template:Infobox Former Country/Instructions|instructions]]'''.


{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; width=65%  align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:3px solid red;&quot;
| style=&quot;background:red; padding:1em&quot; | [[Image:Finland road sign 142 (1995–2020).svg|60px]]
| This infobox is under '''constant development'''. For many entries, the infobox has been implemented by one of the main developers. Other users are welcome to implement the infobox themselves, but developers might make modifications later on - largely for functionality reasons. 

The main developers are: 
*[[User:52 Pickup|52 Pickup]] ([[User_talk:52 Pickup|talk]])
*[[User:Domino theory|Domino theory]] ([[User_talk:Domino theory|talk]])
*[[User:MJCdetroit|MJCdetroit]] ([[User_talk:MJCdetroit|talk]])

If you are unsure about the usage of this template, or if you want to know why a certain modification was made, please contact a developer. Your comments and questions assist the developers in creating, improving and documenting infobox features.
|}

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pksrws5mklosqk8cc8rqqn09k2e69z9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:WPFCevent</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2786</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9006</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-12T04:48:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{!}} &amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{#switch:{{ucfirst:{{{event|}}}}}  |Established |Establishment |Formation |Foundation = {{{event}}}  |Disestablished |Disestablishment |Abolition |Dissolution |Downfall...</comment>
      <origin>9006</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="472" sha1="axveqejn2vqyx59qfx5vrc65t4tbsyl" xml:space="preserve">{{!}} &amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;{{#switch:{{ucfirst:{{{event|}}}}}
 |Established |Establishment |Formation |Foundation = {{{event}}}
 |Disestablished |Disestablishment |Abolition |Dissolution |Downfall |Collapse= {{{event}}}
 |#default = {{#ifexist:{{{event}}}|[[{{{event}}}]]|{{{event}}}}} }}
{{!!}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{date}}}|[[{{{date}}}]]{{#if:{{{year}}}|,&amp;nbsp;{{{year}}}}}|{{{date}}}}}|
{{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{{year}}}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[da:Skabelon:WPFCevent]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>axveqejn2vqyx59qfx5vrc65t4tbsyl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:!!</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2787</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9008</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-12T04:49:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: ||&lt;noinclude&gt; {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <origin>9008</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" sha1="9fjpl6cbo4eij50opnxqugirwbn88lv" xml:space="preserve">||&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9fjpl6cbo4eij50opnxqugirwbn88lv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox Emperor</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2788</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9044</id>
      <parentid>9041</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-12T14:41:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>9044</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3551" sha1="1yegskgxosvg0mz4a7buzq84tpbdby5" xml:space="preserve">{{ infobox
| bodyclass  = vcard
| abovestyle = color:#ffffff; background-color: #b80049
| above      = {{{name|&lt;includeonly&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| aboveclass = fn

| header1    = {{{title|}}}
| data2      = {{{image|}}}
| data3      = {{{caption|}}}

| label4     = Vukosi
| data4      = {{{reign|}}}
| label5     = Coronation
| data5      = {{{coronation|}}}
| label6     = Investiture
| data6      = {{{investiture|}}}
| label7     = Vito leri heleleke
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| data20     = {{{A lova hi|}}}
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| data22     = {{{Sirha ra kwe e|}}}{{#if: {{{date of burial|}}}, {{{date of burial}}}}}
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| data23     = {{{Hosi leyi n'wi rhangeleke|}}}
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| label25    = Hosi leyi n'wi landzeleke
| data25     = {{{Hosi leyi n'wi landzeleke|}}}
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[[Category:TOC templates|CatAZ]]

[[ms:Templat:CatAZ]]
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      <comment>New page: {{cmbox | type = notice | image = [[Image:Sub-arrows.svg|40px]] | textstyle = text-align: center; | text = '''Articles in this category should be moved to subcategories when appropriate.''...</comment>
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'''Articles in this category should be moved to subcategories when appropriate.''' &lt;br&gt; This category may require frequent maintenance to avoid becoming too large. It should list very few, if any, article pages directly and should mainly contain subcategories.
}}{{category other 
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{{pp-template|small=yes}}
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      <timestamp>2009-01-15T09:12:10Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>New page: {{#switch:   &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;   {{#if:{{{demospace|}}}    | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;   | {{#ifeq:{{NAM...</comment>
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{{pp-template|small=yes}}
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      <sha1>tbfrhibykn50orncikj2yqmyca7zsxq</sha1>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>32678</id>
      <parentid>32675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:52:19Z</timestamp>
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[[Category:{{{{{subst|}}}#switch:{{{{{subst|}}}uc:{{{1|}}}}}
 || MISSING = lembe ro velekiwa {{{{{subst|}}}#switch:{{{{{subst|}}}uc:{{{2|}}}}}||LIVING=(vanhu lava hanyaka)}}
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&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:{{{3}}}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
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    <id>2797</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25660</id>
      <parentid>24892</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-10T11:19:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6647191]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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    <title>Category:Living people</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26631</id>
      <parentid>25668</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-08-17T12:35:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>91.197.junr3170</username>
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      <comment>+: [[Category:Wikipedia]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="93" sha1="cdkdcvbb78tf0qkfaggnsgmwa28pjkt" xml:space="preserve">Nxaxamelo wa matluka ya vanhu lava ha hanyaka laha wikipediyeni leyi.

[[Category:Wikipedia]]</text>
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      <comment>Redirecting to [[Category:Tihosi]]</comment>
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    <title>Category:1850 births</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <parentid>25083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-10T11:10:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6646185]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="60" sha1="6irefyxsp4o34kdxoz4ro6hsscsudp4" xml:space="preserve">Xiyenge xa matluka ya vanhu lava tswariweke hi lembe ra 1850</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mfumo wa Gaza</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>37298</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-10T18:42:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>updated infobox</comment>
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      <text bytes="4654" sha1="edpnfssr6zk2g9461qwqjec2yo50iq2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name            = Mfumo wa Gaza
|conventional_long_name = (Gazaland Empire)
|common_name            = Gaza Empire
|continent              = Afrika
|region                 = Latin America
|country                = [[Mozambique|Mozambhiki]]
|era                    = [[Colonial|Vukolonyi]]
|status                 = 
|status_text            = 
|government_type        = Monarchy
|year_start             = 1820
|year_end               = 1895
|date_start             = 
|date_end               = 
|event_start            = 
|event_end              = 
|event_pre              = 
|date_pre               = 
|s1                     = Mozambique
|flag_s1                = Flag of Mozambique.svg
|image_map              = LocationMozambique.png
|ntsindza               = Chayimeti ([[Mandlakazi]])
|xihlambanyo            = 
|national_anthem        = 
|common_languages       = 
|Vukhongeri             = Xintu
|currency               = ([[Ku Cincisana]])
|common_languages       = [[Xingoni]], [[Xitsonga]], [[Xithswa]], [[Xirhonga]], [[Nyembane]], [[Xihlengwe]] 
|hulumende              = [[Mfumo wa vukosi]]
|title_leader           = [[Hosi]]
|leader1                = [[Soshanghana]]
|year_leader1           = 1820-1858
|leader2                = [[Mawewe]]
|year_leader2           = 1859-1861
|leader3                = [[Mzila]]
|year_leader3           = 1861-1884
|leader4                = [[Nghunghunyana]]
|year_leader4           = 1884-1895
|stat_area1             = 56000
|footnotes              = 
}}

'''Mfumo wa le kaGaza''' a wu simekiwe laha namunthla ku nga [[Mozambique|Mozambhiki]] na [[Zimbabwe]], kusukela e ka [[Komati River|nambu wa Nkomathi]] kuya e ka [[Pungwe River|Nambu wa phungwe]].

==Matimu ya Mfumo wa kaGaza==
===Kutumbuluka (1820 - 1858)===

Mfumo wale kaGaza wu sungule hi lembe ra 1828 hinkarhi ma lembeya [[Mfecane|Matiwani]] &lt;Ref&gt; [http://www.sedibafountain.org.za/pebble.asp?relid=1914&amp;t=178&amp;language=Xitsonga... MASUNGULO]&lt;/ref&gt; 
loko [[Soshangana]] Manukosi (''Manukuza'') a tsutsumela e n'walungu wa [[Afrika-Dzonga]] endzhaku ka ku hluriwa ka mavuthu ya ka [[Ndwandwe]] 
hi mavuthu ya [[Shaka]] e hansi ka vurhangeri bya [[Zwide]], enambyeni wa [[Mhlathuzi]]. Hi 1835 Soshangana u fikile a aka e ribuweni ra nambu wa Tembe e ku suhi a tiko ra [[Swaziland]]. Shaka u rhumele phfumba ra hakelo kuya hlasela vatsuvuki lava, hikwalaho soshangana na machangana lawa a 
amarhangela marhurhele e xifundzeni xa [[Limpopo]] ma kongoma enwalungu ku kondza vaya fika enambyeni wa [[Zambezi]]. Hilaha va fikeke va hlangana
na vasuvuki va va ngoni lava rhangeke, Zwangendaba na Xaba. Endzaku ka tinyimpi timbirhi laha Soshangana a hluleke kona, u rhurhele e [[Musapa]] e tikweni ra [[Zimbabwe]] laha va akeke kona&lt;Ref&gt; [http://www.sedibafountain.org.za/pebble.asp?relid=1914&amp;t=178&amp;language=Xitsonga... MASUNGULO]&lt;/ref&gt;.Hiloko kusungula mfumo wa Gaza, lowu ntsindza wa wona wosungula wuveke [[Musapa]]. Mfumo lowu Soshangana a wusimekeke u wu chule vito ra [[Gaza]] leria kuri vito ra kokwa-xindhue wakwe.

Hi lembe ra 1838, mfumo wa kaGaza wu lahlekeriwe hi mavuthu yo tala lawa ma dlaweke hi ntungu wa mpondzo lowu hlaseleke tiko hinkwaro, leswi endleke leswaku Soshangana a rhurhisa mfumo wakwe a thlelela e [[Limpopo]] laha a fikeke a aka e [[Chayimeti]] e [[Massurize]] lowu veke ntsidza wa mfumo wa ka Gaza hi 1840.Tiko ra kaGaza anase ri aname kwalomu ka 56 000km². Eku fambafambeni loku Soshangana u hoxe tinxaka-nxaka ta vanhu lava a vahluleke e hansi ka mfumo wakwe, votalavavanhu lava a vari matsonga lava a va kumeka e limpopo. Vaboheke ku amukela ndlela yo hanya ya xizulu, kumbe xingoni. Majaha ya matsonga ama tirhisiwa e mavuthwiniya soshangana tani hi ''mabulandlela'' kumbe lava pfulaka ndlela &lt;Ref&gt;http://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_shangaan_tsonga.html Matsonga machangana&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tanihileswi mfumo wa kaGaza anase wu ndlandlamuke kusukel e n'walungwini wa Swaziland kuya fikela e dzonge wa [[Inhambane|Nyembane]] leyi akuri ndhzawu ya maphutukezi,wusungule kuva mfumo wavumbirhi hivukulu kulandzela mfumo wa Shaka. Mfumo wa maphutukezi, wu rhumele phfumba rakurhula eka soshangana hi siku ra vu 18 e n'whetini ya mhawurihi lembe ra 1840. Pfhumba leri a ri rhangeriwe hi [[Caetano Pinto dos Santos]] loyi a a lerisiwe ku endla ntwanano wa kurhula na Soshangan. Hikakunene, u amukeriwile e hubyweni ya Soshangana e Chayimeti laha a nyikeleke hi nyiko ya Banga na bandi, naswona Soshangana u nyikele hi Zagiya na xivhiko xayena. Kambe kuhava ntwanano lowu fungiweke
exikarhi kavona.

==Minthsaho==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Afrika]]
[[Category:Gazaland]]
[[Category:African Kingdoms]]</text>
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      <text bytes="634" sha1="a74rdednja2s745fexpdlpowpk2ni0o" xml:space="preserve">{{Lists of capitals}}
Emisaveni hinkayo, kuna '''madoroba lawa maveke madoroba-ntsindza [[Capital (political)|Doroba-ntsindza]]''' kamba sweswi mangahariki wona hikwalaho ka kuherisiwa ka tiko kumbe mfumo wolowo, kumbe ntsindza wu rhurhele endzawini yin'wana, kumbe wu [[Geographical renaming|thyiwe]] vito rin'wana. Lowu inxaxamelo wa madoroba walawo, ma avanyisiwe hi tiko na siku.

== AfriKa ==

{| class=wikitable
! [[capital city|Ntsindza]] wa khale
! [[Country|Tiko]], [[empire|Mfumo]]
! Kusukela hi
! Kuya e ka
! kucinca, xivangelo
|-
| [[Mossurize]] 
| [[Gazaland|Mfumo wa kaGaza]]
| 1830??
| 1887
| [[Nkambani]], ku Rhurha
|}</text>
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|-
! Lists of capitals
|-
|style=&quot;padding:0.6em 0 0 0.4em;&quot;| • [[List of national capitals|Hi mavito]]&lt;/tr&gt;
|style=&quot;padding-left:0.4em;&quot;| • [[List of capitals by country|Hitiko]]&lt;/tr&gt;
|style=&quot;padding-left:0.4em;&quot;| • [[List of capitals by country#By continent|Hi tiko nkulu]]&lt;/tr&gt;
|style=&quot;padding-left:0.4em;&quot;| • [[List of former national capitals|Ntsindza wa khale]]&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.2em 0 0 1.3em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.1em;&quot;&gt;• [[Timeline of country and capital changes|Nkarhi&lt;br/&gt;{{pad|0.5em}}na ku cinca ka ntsindza]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
|style=&quot;padding-left:0.4em;&quot;| • [[List of purpose-built capital cities|Nstsindza wa xikongomelo]]&lt;/tr&gt;
|style=&quot;padding-left:0.4em;&quot;| • [[List of capitals and largest cities by country|Ntsindza&lt;br/&gt;{{pad|0.5em}} na Madoroba hi vukulu]]&lt;div style=&quot;padding:0.2em 0 0 1.3em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.1em;&quot;&gt;• [[List of countries whose capital is not their largest city|Matiko mangani&lt;br/&gt;{{pad|0.5em}}nstindza-doroba lowu tsongo]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
|style=&quot;padding-left:0.4em;&quot;| • [[List of capitals outside the territories they serve|Ntsindza lo wu nge&lt;br/&gt;{{pad|0.5em}}handle ka ndhzawu ya vukorhokeri]]&lt;/tr&gt;
|style=&quot;padding-left:0.4em;&quot;| • [[List of countries with multiple capitals|Matiko manga na&lt;br/&gt;{{pad|0.5em}}mintsindza-doroba yo tala]]&lt;/tr&gt;
|-
| &lt;center&gt;{{Tnavbar|Nxaxamalo wa mintsindza-doroba|mini=1}}&lt;/center&gt;
|-
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Capital city templates| ]]
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/* &lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; */</text>
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    <title>Henri-Alexandre Junod</title>
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      <comment>Junod hi lembe ra 1912</comment>
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      <text bytes="3047" sha1="o8uzeqcro34g0mgw2xop9hdb1qailic" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio|caption=Junod hi lembe ra 1912}}
'''Henri-Alexandre Junod''' (''kumbe Henri A. Junod''; [[17. Mudyaxihi]] [[1863]] – † 22. [[Dzivamusoko]] [[1934]]) a ari murhumiwa wa vukhongeri bya vuphurostentanti bya le [[France|Furwa]] naswona u tiveka ngopfu hi ntirho wa yena e xikarhi ka va [[Vatsonga]] na ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]] e n'walungu wa [[Afrika-Dzonga]] na le [[Mozambique|muzambhiki]] e xikarhi ka [[varhonga]]. Hambi leswi a loveke ari e Geneva, xileriso xa yena xo hetelela a kuri ku ya vekiwa e kaya rakwe ra makumo e Rikatla e tikweni ra [[Mozambique|Muzambhiki]]. Junod u hoxe xandla ekutsariweni ka [[Vutsari_bya_Xitsonga|matsalwa ya Xitsonga]] evuton'wini byakwe ku fikela loko ata hundza emisaveni.

==Vutomi==
Henri Junod u velekiwe e ximutanini xa Val-de-Ruz, Chézard-Saint-Martin e tikweni ra [[switzerland]] hi 17. Mudyaxihi 1863 ([[sonto]]), Laha tata wakwe mufundhisi Henri Junod na mana wakwe  Marie-Dubied Junod a va ake kona. Henri na vamakwovo Daniel na Samuel vakurisiwile e hansi ka ndyangu wa vukhongeri bya vuswiss, laha tata wa vona a a ri mufundhisi kona.

Kusukela e ma lembeni ya vutsongwana, Henri u kombe mboyamelo eka tidyondzo ta [[ntivo-vuthlari]] (''Science'') ngopfu-ngopfu eka ta [[ntivo-vutomi]] (''Biology''). Leswi swi tsakise mudyondzisi  wa yena Nkul. Billeter, kambe nhlohlotelo lowukulu a wu kumeka e kaya hi tata wa yena. Hiswona leswi endleke Henri ku tsakela vukhongeri swonghasi.

==Swikombo swa le handle==
Switsariwe hi xinghezi:

*[http://www.junod.ch/en/africa_south.shtml Henri-A. Junod] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027230218/http://www.junod.ch/en/africa_south.shtml |date=2007-10-27 }}
*[http://translate.google.co.za/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=fr&amp;u=http://www.regard.eu.org/Livres.12/Henri_A_Junod/index.html&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=translate&amp;resnum=1&amp;ct=result&amp;prev=/search%3Fq%3DHenri-A.%2BJunod%2BMissionnaire%2Bet%2BSavant%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rlz%3D1G1GGLQ_ENZA289%26sa%3DG Henri-A. Junod. Missionary &amp; Scholar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603200637/http://translate.google.co.za/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regard.eu.org%2FLivres.12%2FHenri_A_Junod%2Findex.html&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=translate&amp;resnum=1&amp;ct=result&amp;prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHenri-A.%2BJunod%2BMissionnaire%2Bet%2BSavant%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rlz%3D1G1GGLQ_ENZA289%26sa%3DG |date=2015-06-03 }} {{en}} (Google translated)

Switsariwe hi ti ndzimi timbe:
*[http://www.regard.eu.org/Livres.12/Henri_A_Junod/01.html Henri-A. Junod. Missionnaire et Savant] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114819/http://www.regard.eu.org/Livres.12/Henri_A_Junod/01.html |date=2008-10-10 }} {{fr}}
*[http://www.junod.ch/fr/henri_alexandre_junod.shtml Biographie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604103810/http://www.junod.ch/fr/henri_alexandre_junod.shtml |date=2016-06-04 }} {{fr}}
*[http://hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D11230.php Kurzbiographie] {{de}}
*[http://www.museums.org.za/bio/people/junod-h-a.htm Junod als Kerfenkundler]

{{Lifetime|1863|1934|Junod, Henri A}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]</text>
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      <parentid>22829</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:06:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 151 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q2730]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25420</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="822" sha1="6g2ia2dj0yzc7ip07snhfzr1umxax9u" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
* '''[[1918]]''' — [[Nelson Mandela]] Khale ka phresidenti ya [[Afrika Dzonga]]
* ...

&lt;!-- 
Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list
Do not trust “this year in history” websites for accurate date information
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
--&gt;

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

&lt;!-- Do not add yourself or other people without Wikipedia articles to this list
Do not trust &quot;this year in history&quot; websites for accurate date information
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
--&gt;

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* {{BBC: On This Day}}
{{Commons|July 18}}</text>
      <sha1>6g2ia2dj0yzc7ip07snhfzr1umxax9u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:JulyCalendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2821</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9406</id>
      <parentid>9363</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T14:17:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>9406</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1793" sha1="ei7h3op0fz64v9ljirycza9r23baqe2" xml:space="preserve">{{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0701}}
|float={{{float|none}}}
|titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}};
|weekstyle=background-color:{{{color2|#ccccff}}};
|cur_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Mawuwani {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|{{{2|}}} Mawuwani {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}]]
|prev_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Khotavuxika {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|&lt;&lt;]]
|next_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Mhawuri {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|&gt;&gt;]]
|01=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 1{{{4|}}}|1]]
|02=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 2{{{4|}}}|2]]
|03=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 3{{{4|}}}|3]]
|04=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 4{{{4|}}}|4]]
|05=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 5{{{4|}}}|5]]
|06=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 6{{{4|}}}|6]]
|07=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 7{{{4|}}}|7]]
|08=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 8{{{4|}}}|8]]
|09=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 9{{{4|}}}|9]]
|10=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 10{{{4|}}}|10]]
|11=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 11{{{4|}}}|11]]
|12=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 12{{{4|}}}|12]]
|13=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 13{{{4|}}}|13]]
|14=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 14{{{4|}}}|14]]
|15=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 15{{{4|}}}|15]]
|16=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 16{{{4|}}}|16]]
|17=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 17{{{4|}}}|17]]
|18=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 18{{{4|}}}|18]]
|19=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 19{{{4|}}}|19]]
|20=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 20{{{4|}}}|20]]
|21=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 21{{{4|}}}|21]]
|22=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 22{{{4|}}}|22]]
|23=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 23{{{4|}}}|23]]
|24=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 24{{{4|}}}|24]]
|25=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 25{{{4|}}}|25]]
|26=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 26{{{4|}}}|26]]
|27=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 27{{{4|}}}|27]]
|28=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 28{{{4|}}}|28]]
|29=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 29{{{4|}}}|29]]
|30=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 30{{{4|}}}|30]]
|31=[[{{{1|}}}Mawuwani 31{{{4|}}}|31]]
|EndNote={{{EndNote|'''[[{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}|{{#time:xrY}}]]'''}}}
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ei7h3op0fz64v9ljirycza9r23baqe2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartRavunharhu</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2822</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9369</id>
      <parentid>9364</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T09:54:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>9369</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1160" sha1="sxmq207f5h2g9dlio913juhop67wo2f" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|{{{prev_month|&lt;&lt;}}}
|colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| '''{{{cur_month|Nhweti}}}'''
|{{{next_month|&gt;&gt;}}}
|- style=&quot;border: none; {{{weekstyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Sonto
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Musomb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunh
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumu
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunt
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Muqciv
|-
|-
|    ||    ||        ||{{{01}}}||{{{02}}}||{{{03}}}||{{{04}}}
|-
|{{{05}}}||{{{06}}}||{{{07}}}||{{{08}}}||{{{09}}}||{{{10}}}||{{{11}}}
|-
|{{{12}}}||{{{13}}}||{{{14}}}||{{{15}}}||{{{16}}}||{{{17}}}||{{{18}}}
|-
|{{{19}}}||{{{20}}}||{{{21}}}||{{{22}}}||{{{23}}}||{{{24}}}||{{{25}}}
|-
|{{{26}}}||{{{27}}}||{{{28}}}||{{{29|}}}||{{{30|}}}||{{{31|}}}||
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{EndNote|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}{{{EndNote}}} }}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}&lt;b&gt;[[{{{year}}}]]&lt;/b&gt;}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sxmq207f5h2g9dlio913juhop67wo2f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Calendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2823</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25641</id>
      <parentid>25421</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T21:23:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6396244]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25641</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1205" sha1="h3pc18px5n36cncvizoss46lq2jiwyg" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;background:none;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:larger;&quot; |
Almanaka ya [[{{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}]]
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=01}}
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=02}}
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=03}}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=04}}
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=05}}
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=06}}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=07}}
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=08}}
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=09}}
|- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=10}}
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=11}}
|{{CalendarSingle|year={{{year|{{#time:Y}}}}}|month=12}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

==See also==
*[[Template:CURRENTCALENDAR]], gives current month with [[ISO week date|Week numbers]].
*[[Template:ISOCALENDAR]], gives the chosen month with [[ISO week date|Week numbers]].

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h3pc18px5n36cncvizoss46lq2jiwyg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:CalendarSingle</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2824</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26162</id>
      <parentid>9366</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:31:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5617994]]</comment>
      <origin>26162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4597" sha1="aqfi73qbv3s02snsk8yd27vaezq0pd8" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;
{{Calendar/{{{format|Sun1st}}}MonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01 +1 second}}
|float={{{float|none}}}
|cur_month=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}}]]
|prev_month=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01 last month}}|&lt;&lt;]]
|next_month=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01 next month}}|&gt;&gt;]]
|01=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 1|1]]
|02=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 2|2]]
|03=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 3|3]]
|04=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 4|4]]
|05=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 5|5]]
|06=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 6|6]]
|07=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 7|7]]
|08=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 8|8]]
|09=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 9|9]]
|10=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 10|10]]
|11=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 11|11]]
|12=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 12|12]]
|13=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 13|13]]
|14=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 14|14]]
|15=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 15|15]]
|16=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 16|16]]
|17=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 17|17]]
|18=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 18|18]]
|19=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 19|19]]
|20=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 20|20]]
|21=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 21|21]]
|22=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 22|22]]
|23=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 23|23]]
|24=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 24|24]]
|25=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 25|25]]
|26=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 26|26]]
|27=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 27|27]]
|28={{#ifexpr:{{#time:t|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} &gt;= 28|[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 28|28]]}}&lt;!-- May not exist --&gt;
|29={{#ifexpr:{{#time:t|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} &gt;= 29|[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 29|29]]}}&lt;!-- May not exist --&gt;
|30={{#ifexpr:{{#time:t|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} &gt;= 30|[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 30|30]]}}&lt;!-- May not exist --&gt;
|31={{#ifexpr:{{#time:t|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} &gt;= 31|[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 31|31]]}}&lt;!-- May not exist --&gt;
|year={{#if:{{{show_year|}}}|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}
}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
==Description==
This template allows the display of any monthly calendar (from 1970-2037).  It is customizable in that the user can select which day the calendar should start on (Sunday or Monday).

==Usage==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{CalendarCustom}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;: Displays the current month's calendar.&lt;br&gt;
Parameters:
The following parameters can be used to display any calendar
*year=''year'' (four digit year, e.g. year=2008, valid years are 1970-2037) - default = &lt;nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTYEAR}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
*month=''month'' (Full month name or number, e.g. month=March or month=03) - default = &lt;nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTMONTH}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
*format=''startday'' (Calendar start day (leftmost day), can be Sun1st or Mon1st, e.g. format=Sun1st) - default = Sun1st
*show_year=''true/false'' (Display the year under the calendar, e.g. show_year=true) - default = false
*float=''right/left'' (float the calendar left or right, e.g. float=left) - default = none
&lt;hr&gt;
{{CalendarCustom}}

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Day</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9374</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T10:14:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] is the {{ordinal|{{Day/Totaldays|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|0}}}} day of the year {{#ifexpr: {{#time:z|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} &lt; 59 |&lt;!-- then: --&gt;|&lt;!-- else: --...</comment>
      <origin>9374</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1279" sha1="jov6fsfiqabhh1m7f86dnxue2px4jy1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] is the {{ordinal|{{Day/Totaldays|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|0}}}} day of the year {{#ifexpr: {{#time:z|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} &lt; 59 |&lt;!-- then: --&gt;|&lt;!-- else: --&gt;({{ordinal|{{Day/Totaldays|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|1}}}} in [[leap year]]s)}} in the [[Gregorian calendar]]. There {{#switch:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}
|December 31=are no days remaining until the end of the year.
|December 30=is one day remaining until the end of the year.
|December 29=are two days remaining until the end of the year.
|December 28=are three days remaining until the end of the year.
|December 27=are four days remaining until the end of the year.
|December 26=are five days remaining until the end of the year.
|December 25=are six days remaining until the end of the year.
|December 24=are seven days remaining until the end of the year.
|December 23=are eight days remaining until the end of the year.
|December 22=are nine days remaining until the end of the year.
|are {{#expr:365 - {{Day/Totaldays|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|0}}}} days remaining until the end of the year{{#ifexpr: {{#time:z|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} &lt; 59 |&lt;!-- then: --&gt;&amp;#32;({{#expr:366 - {{Day/Totaldays|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|0}}}} in [[leap year]]s)|&lt;!-- else: --&gt;}}.}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jov6fsfiqabhh1m7f86dnxue2px4jy1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartRavumune</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2827</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9375</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T10:15:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 |- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot; |{{{prev_month...</comment>
      <origin>9375</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1168" sha1="0ek0v3n58uiitwvtte2b8yuyq6ue6o1" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|{{{prev_month|&lt;&lt;}}}
|colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| '''{{{cur_month|Month}}}'''
|{{{next_month|&gt;&gt;}}}
|- style=&quot;border: none; {{{weekstyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Sonto
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Musomb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunh
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumu
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunt
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Muqciv 
|-
|-
|   ||     ||        ||        ||{{{01}}}||{{{02}}}||{{{03}}}
|-
|{{{04}}}||{{{05}}}||{{{06}}}||{{{07}}}||{{{08}}}||{{{09}}}||{{{10}}}
|-
|{{{11}}}||{{{12}}}||{{{13}}}||{{{14}}}||{{{15}}}||{{{16}}}||{{{17}}}
|-
|{{{18}}}||{{{19}}}||{{{20}}}||{{{21}}}||{{{22}}}||{{{23}}}||{{{24}}}
|-
|{{{25}}}||{{{26}}}||{{{27}}}||{{{28}}}||{{{29|}}}||{{{30|}}}||{{{31|}}}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{EndNote|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}{{{EndNote}}} }}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}&lt;b&gt;[[{{{year}}}]]&lt;/b&gt;}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0ek0v3n58uiitwvtte2b8yuyq6ue6o1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSun</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2828</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9379</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T10:31:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 |- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot; |{{{prev_month...</comment>
      <origin>9379</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1239" sha1="jtgnunlra8m7s9hwwp6t8x1j5u54yjh" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|{{{prev_month|&lt;&lt;}}}
|colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| '''{{{cur_month|Month}}}'''
|{{{next_month|&gt;&gt;}}}
|- style=&quot;border: none; {{{weekstyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Sonto
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Musomb 
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunh
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumu
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunt
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Muqciv
|-
|-
|{{{01}}}||{{{02}}}||{{{03}}}||{{{04}}}||{{{05}}}||{{{06}}}||{{{07}}}
|-
|{{{08}}}||{{{09}}}||{{{10}}}||{{{11}}}||{{{12}}}||{{{13}}}||{{{14}}}
|-
|{{{15}}}||{{{16}}}||{{{17}}}||{{{18}}}||{{{19}}}||{{{20}}}||{{{21}}}
|-
|{{{22}}}||{{{23}}}||{{{24}}}||{{{25}}}||{{{26}}}||{{{27}}}||{{{28}}}
|-
{{#if:{{{29|}}}{{{30|}}}{{{31||}}}|
{{!}}{{{29|}}}{{!}}{{!}}{{{30|}}}{{!}}{{!}}{{{31|}}}{{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} 
}}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{EndNote|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}{{{EndNote}}} }}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}&lt;b&gt;[[{{{year}}}]]&lt;/b&gt;}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jtgnunlra8m7s9hwwp6t8x1j5u54yjh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>18 Mawuwani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2829</id>
    <redirect title="Mawuwani 18" />
    <revision>
      <id>9383</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T13:04:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[18 Mawuwani]] moved to [[Mawuwani 18]]:&amp;#32;Consistency</comment>
      <origin>9383</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="4a8kfpgl1cdvscx6dizsuzosluiuyrs" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Mawuwani 18]]</text>
      <sha1>4a8kfpgl1cdvscx6dizsuzosluiuyrs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartRavunthlanu</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2830</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16857</id>
      <parentid>9384</parentid>
      <timestamp>2011-02-26T01:26:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Correct Start Tuesday &gt; Friday.</comment>
      <origin>16857</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1402" sha1="ccujp57uqfjoqya0y852aenpsa55hb3" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|{{{prev_month|&lt;&lt;}}}
|colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| '''{{{cur_month|Month}}}'''
|{{{next_month|&gt;&gt;}}}
|- style=&quot;border: none; {{{weekstyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Sonto 
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Musomb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunh
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumu
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunt
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Muqciv
|-
|-
|   ||     ||        ||        ||        ||{{{01}}}||{{{02}}}
|-
|{{{03}}}||{{{04}}}||{{{05}}}||{{{06}}}||{{{07}}}||{{{08}}}||{{{09}}}
|-
|{{{10}}}||{{{11}}}||{{{12}}}||{{{13}}}||{{{14}}}||{{{15}}}||{{{16}}}
|-
|{{{17}}}||{{{18}}}||{{{19}}}||{{{20}}}||{{{21}}}||{{{22}}}||{{{23}}}
|-
|{{{24}}}||{{{25}}}||{{{26}}}||{{{27}}}||{{{28}}}||{{{29|&lt;noinclude&gt;''{{{29}}}''&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}||{{{30|&lt;noinclude&gt;''{{{30}}}''&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
|-
{{#if:{{{31|&lt;noinclude&gt;—&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|
{{!}}{{{31|&lt;noinclude&gt;''{{{31}}}''&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}{{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} 
}}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{EndNote|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}{{{EndNote}}} }}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}&lt;b&gt;[[{{{year}}}]]&lt;/b&gt;}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ccujp57uqfjoqya0y852aenpsa55hb3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartMusombhunuko</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2831</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9385</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T13:12:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 |- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot; |{{{prev_month...</comment>
      <origin>9385</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1150" sha1="pkuvxdjcv1w3aegn3dlx5supg5xx47e" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|{{{prev_month|&lt;&lt;}}}
|colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| '''{{{cur_month|Month}}}'''
|{{{next_month|&gt;&gt;}}}
|- style=&quot;border: none; {{{weekstyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Sonto 
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Musomb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunh
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumu
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunt
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Muqciv
|-
|-
|  || {{{01}}}||{{{02}}}||{{{03}}}||{{{04}}}||{{{05}}}||{{{06}}}
|-
|{{{07}}}||{{{08}}}||{{{09}}}||{{{10}}}||{{{11}}}||{{{12}}}||{{{13}}}
|-
|{{{14}}}||{{{15}}}||{{{16}}}||{{{17}}}||{{{18}}}||{{{19}}}||{{{20}}}
|-
|{{{21}}}||{{{22}}}||{{{23}}}||{{{24}}}||{{{25}}}||{{{26}}}||{{{27}}}
|-
|{{{28}}}||{{{29|}}}||{{{30|}}}||{{{31|}}} || || ||
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{EndNote|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}{{{EndNote}}} }}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}&lt;b&gt;[[{{{year}}}]]&lt;/b&gt;}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pkuvxdjcv1w3aegn3dlx5supg5xx47e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartRavumbirhi</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2832</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9386</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T13:12:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 |- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot; |{{{prev_month...</comment>
      <origin>9386</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1152" sha1="0zq6itur97fsspmrdfq1syas2idgldq" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|{{{prev_month|&lt;&lt;}}}
|colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| '''{{{cur_month|Month}}}'''
|{{{next_month|&gt;&gt;}}}
|- style=&quot;border: none; {{{weekstyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Sonto 
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Musomb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunh
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumu
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunt
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Muqciv
|-
|-
|      || ||{{{01}}}||{{{02}}}||{{{03}}}||{{{04}}}||{{{05}}}
|-
|{{{06}}}||{{{07}}}||{{{08}}}||{{{09}}}||{{{10}}}||{{{11}}}||{{{12}}}
|-
|{{{13}}}||{{{14}}}||{{{15}}}||{{{16}}}||{{{17}}}||{{{18}}}||{{{19}}}
|-
|{{{20}}}||{{{21}}}||{{{22}}}||{{{23}}}||{{{24}}}||{{{25}}}||{{{26}}}
|-
|{{{27}}}||{{{28}}}||{{{29|}}}||{{{30|}}}||{{{31|}}}|| ||
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{EndNote|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}{{{EndNote}}} }}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}&lt;b&gt;[[{{{year}}}]]&lt;/b&gt;}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0zq6itur97fsspmrdfq1syas2idgldq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartMuqhivela</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2833</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9387</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T13:12:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 |- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot; |{{{prev_month...</comment>
      <origin>9387</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1295" sha1="hysigrcq1k58ou7ygbat72peaeze08z" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|{{{prev_month|&lt;&lt;}}}
|colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| '''{{{cur_month|Month}}}'''
|{{{next_month|&gt;&gt;}}}
|- style=&quot;border: none; {{{weekstyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Sonto 
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Musomb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunh
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumu
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunt
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Muqciv
|-
|-
|          ||      ||        ||        ||        ||        ||{{{01}}}
|-
|{{{02}}}||{{{03}}}||{{{04}}}||{{{05}}}||{{{06}}}||{{{07}}}||{{{08}}}
|-
|{{{09}}}||{{{10}}}||{{{11}}}||{{{12}}}||{{{13}}}||{{{14}}}||{{{15}}}
|-
|{{{16}}}||{{{17}}}||{{{18}}}||{{{19}}}||{{{20}}}||{{{21}}}||{{{22}}}
|-
|{{{23}}}||{{{24}}}||{{{25}}}||{{{26}}}||{{{27}}}||{{{28}}}||{{{29|}}}
|-
{{#if:{{{30|}}}{{{31||}}}|
{{!}}{{{30|}}}{{!}}{{!}}{{{31|}}}{{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}} {{!}}{{!}}
}}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{EndNote|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}{{{EndNote}}} }}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}&lt;b&gt;[[{{{year}}}]]&lt;/b&gt;}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hysigrcq1k58ou7ygbat72peaeze08z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:CalendarCustom</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2834</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9390</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T13:16:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt; {{Calendar/{{{format|Sun1st}}}MonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01 +1 second}} |float={{{float|none}}} |cur_month=[[{{#time:F|{{{yea...</comment>
      <origin>9390</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4665" sha1="6mkot1fwmystm6jml0lrff52dpv75mc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;
{{Calendar/{{{format|Sun1st}}}MonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01 +1 second}}
|float={{{float|none}}}
|cur_month=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}}]]
|prev_month=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01 last month}}|&lt;&lt;]]
|next_month=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01 next month}}|&gt;&gt;]]
|01=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 1|1]]
|02=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 2|2]]
|03=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 3|3]]
|04=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 4|4]]
|05=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 5|5]]
|06=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 6|6]]
|07=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 7|7]]
|08=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 8|8]]
|09=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 9|9]]
|10=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 10|10]]
|11=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 11|11]]
|12=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 12|12]]
|13=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 13|13]]
|14=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 14|14]]
|15=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 15|15]]
|16=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 16|16]]
|17=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 17|17]]
|18=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 18|18]]
|19=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 19|19]]
|20=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 20|20]]
|21=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 21|21]]
|22=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 22|22]]
|23=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 23|23]]
|24=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 24|24]]
|25=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 25|25]]
|26=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 26|26]]
|27=[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 27|27]]
|28={{#ifexpr:{{#time:t|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} &gt;= 28|[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 28|28]]}}&lt;!-- May not exist --&gt;
|29={{#ifexpr:{{#time:t|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} &gt;= 29|[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 29|29]]}}&lt;!-- May not exist --&gt;
|30={{#ifexpr:{{#time:t|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} &gt;= 30|[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 30|30]]}}&lt;!-- May not exist --&gt;
|31={{#ifexpr:{{#time:t|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} &gt;= 31|[[{{#time:F|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-01}} 31|31]]}}&lt;!-- May not exist --&gt;
|year={{#if:{{{show_year|}}}|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}
}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
==Description==
This template allows the display of any monthly calendar (from 1970-2037).  It is customizable in that the user can select which day the calendar should start on (Sunday or Monday).

==Usage==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{CalendarCustom}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;: Displays the current month's calendar.&lt;br&gt;
Parameters:
The following parameters can be used to display any calendar
*year=''year'' (four digit year, e.g. year=2008, valid years are 1970-2037) - default = &lt;nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTYEAR}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
*month=''month'' (Full month name or number, e.g. month=March or month=03) - default = &lt;nowiki&gt;{{CURRENTMONTH}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
*format=''startday'' (Calendar start day (leftmost day), can be Sun1st or Mon1st, e.g. format=Sun1st) - default = Sun1st
*show_year=''true/false'' (Display the year under the calendar, e.g. show_year=true) - default = false
*float=''right/left'' (float the calendar left or right, e.g. float=left) - default = none
&lt;hr&gt;
{{CalendarCustom}}

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

[[ca:Plantilla:CalendariMensual]]
[[pt:Predefinição:Calendário]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6mkot1fwmystm6jml0lrff52dpv75mc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Month header</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2835</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26172</id>
      <parentid>26132</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-08-18T20:32:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5612286]]</comment>
      <origin>26172</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="454" sha1="7600rkxchzjt0rh33v61g8ncasnt5cv" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;WSerieH&quot; id=&quot;WMois&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; background: transparent&quot;
|[[Sunguti]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Nyenyenyani]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Nyenyankulu]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Dzivamusoko]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Mudyaxihi]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Khotavuxika]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Mawuwani]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Mhawuri]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Ndzhati]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Nhlangula]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[Hukuri]]&amp;nbsp;·
|[[N'wendzamhala]]
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Calendar templates]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7600rkxchzjt0rh33v61g8ncasnt5cv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:CURRENTCALENDAR</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2836</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9392</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T13:31:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: &lt;includeonly&gt;{{ISOCALENDAR|[[{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-1}}|&lt;&lt;]] [[{{monthname|{{#expr:{{CURRENTMONTH}}-1}}}}|&lt;]] [[{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}]] [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]] [[{{monthname|{{#expr:{{CURRENTM...</comment>
      <origin>9392</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="383" sha1="hnfi8r6ofagim54jae42e4otxrrqc1x" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{ISOCALENDAR|[[{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-1}}|&lt;&lt;]] [[{{monthname|{{#expr:{{CURRENTMONTH}}-1}}}}|&lt;]] [[{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}]] [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]] [[{{monthname|{{#expr:{{CURRENTMONTH}}+1}}}}|&gt;]] [[{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}+1}}|&gt;&gt;]]|y={{CURRENTYEAR}}|m={{CURRENTMONTH}}|cw={{CURRENTISOWEEK}}|cdow={{CURRENTISOWEEKDAY}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hnfi8r6ofagim54jae42e4otxrrqc1x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>N'wendzamhala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2837</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>25423</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-11T10:41:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legobot</username>
        <id>2760</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q126]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="231" sha1="61nejv7eaztobqgnyg93c5igw0eeb9o" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=December|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''N'wendzamhala''' i nwheti yavu khume-mbirhi, naswon i yo hetelela e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhlangula</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2838</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25718</id>
      <parentid>25424</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-11T10:36:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legobot</username>
        <id>2760</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q124]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25718</origin>
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      <text bytes="220" sha1="6zow5pe23tzkjsljpplqworamx6ybpt" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=October|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Nhlangula''' i nwheti yavu khume e lembeni.

{{Commonscat|October}}

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndzhati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2839</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26425</id>
      <parentid>25655</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-03-05T11:21:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.133.19</ip>
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      <text bytes="198" sha1="cwy8chao0v6lx95ijlptyymzd8gz3g2" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=September|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Ndzhati''' i nwheti yavu nkaye e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
      <sha1>cwy8chao0v6lx95ijlptyymzd8gz3g2</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Mhawuri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2840</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25767</id>
      <parentid>25426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-11T10:44:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legobot</username>
        <id>2760</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q122]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="193" sha1="38wcmyzqpuwre75wncf3pe2e7wf0rka" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=August|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Mhawuri''' i nwheti yavu nhungu e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
      <sha1>38wcmyzqpuwre75wncf3pe2e7wf0rka</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Sunguti</title>
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    <id>2841</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33108</id>
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      <timestamp>2018-12-13T12:55:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>3482</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.105.165.134|103.105.165.134]] ([[User talk:103.105.165.134|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Lotje|Lotje]]</comment>
      <origin>27605</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="217" sha1="jx5dcuy6p6qv1xj6tv6jf3guselcvo2" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=January|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Sunguti''' i nwheti yo sungula e lembeni.

{{commonscat|January}}
[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
      <sha1>jx5dcuy6p6qv1xj6tv6jf3guselcvo2</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyenyenyani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2842</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25428</id>
      <parentid>25011</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:30:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 207 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q109]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25428</origin>
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      <text bytes="201" sha1="2izhv9rrfnx9xjfd3bwu9racf08jhtq" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=February|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Nyenyenyani''' i nwheti yavu mbirhi e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
      <sha1>2izhv9rrfnx9xjfd3bwu9racf08jhtq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyenyankulu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2843</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25429</id>
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      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:30:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 202 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q110]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="195" sha1="mmgcvbszm3xrkffjbr2nukpjmam2xjq" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=March|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Nyenyankulu''' i nwheti yavu nharhu e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
      <sha1>mmgcvbszm3xrkffjbr2nukpjmam2xjq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Dzivamusoko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2844</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25430</id>
      <parentid>25000</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:30:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 203 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q118]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25430</origin>
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      <text bytes="193" sha1="bofisjshsspmphnxkwk5c8m4lp0oybm" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=April|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Dzivamusoko''' i nwheti yavu mune e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
      <sha1>bofisjshsspmphnxkwk5c8m4lp0oybm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mudyaxihi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2845</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36463</id>
      <parentid>36452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T04:00:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BRPever</username>
        <id>4333</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/136.158.10.53|136.158.10.53]] ([[User talk:136.158.10.53|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
      <origin>25431</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="190" sha1="9icy7dvaun2ejvueiinip6p58mhqgp0" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=May|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Mudyaxihi''' i nwheti yavu nthlanu e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
      <sha1>9icy7dvaun2ejvueiinip6p58mhqgp0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Khotavuxika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2846</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34541</id>
      <parentid>25432</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-10-09T12:11:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>207.166.239.199</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>34541</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="193" sha1="63h86fi2z3hjywnhi7dc24nu7ixly36" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=June|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''🅱️enis''' i nwheti yavu ntsevu e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
      <sha1>63h86fi2z3hjywnhi7dc24nu7ixly36</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mawuwani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2847</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25433</id>
      <parentid>25005</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:31:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 203 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q121]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25433</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="190" sha1="bn477w62tlgkbl7m86lxfv06q3l0u60" xml:space="preserve">{{translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July}}
{{Month header}}
{{CalendarCustom|month=July|show_year=true|float=right}}
'''Mawuwani''' i nwheti yavu nhungu e lembeni.

[[Category:N'hweti]]</text>
      <sha1>bn477w62tlgkbl7m86lxfv06q3l0u60</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Calendar templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2848</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9405</id>
      <timestamp>2009-01-30T13:54:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Swivumbiwa-ntiro swa Almanaka</comment>
      <origin>9405</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" sha1="90jhz45xc9pym2wdpvtlwsg48cqnhnk" xml:space="preserve">Swivumbiwa-ntiro swa Almanaka</text>
      <sha1>90jhz45xc9pym2wdpvtlwsg48cqnhnk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>18 July</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2850</id>
    <redirect title="Mawuwani 18" />
    <revision>
      <id>9441</id>
      <parentid>9440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2009-02-02T06:34:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Mawuwani 18]]</comment>
      <origin>9441</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="4a8kfpgl1cdvscx6dizsuzosluiuyrs" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Mawuwani 18]]</text>
      <sha1>4a8kfpgl1cdvscx6dizsuzosluiuyrs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Vanhu</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2851</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25886</id>
      <parentid>23176</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-14T05:11:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legobot</username>
        <id>2760</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 48 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6992752]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25886</origin>
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      <text bytes="163" sha1="41jyntxo5z5242i6mgugvftwhdy4k3e" xml:space="preserve">Leyi i '''[[lists of people|Minxaxamelo ya Vanhu]]'''. Vona na kambe [[:Category:People]].

{{CatAZ}}
{{catdiffuse}}

[[Category:Vanhu| ]]
[[Category:Lists|Vanhu]]</text>
      <sha1>41jyntxo5z5242i6mgugvftwhdy4k3e</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Tihosi</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2852</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9448</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-02T06:45:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: Lexi i Xiyenge xa Matsalwa ya Tihosi, lama kumekaka eka wikipediya leyi.</comment>
      <origin>9448</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="72" sha1="kj0byrcbqydwg096r88o8hp3c2a2uft" xml:space="preserve">Lexi i Xiyenge xa Matsalwa ya Tihosi, lama kumekaka eka wikipediya leyi.</text>
      <sha1>kj0byrcbqydwg096r88o8hp3c2a2uft</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afrika Dzonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2853</id>
    <redirect title="Afrika-Dzonga" />
    <revision>
      <id>9453</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-02T09:56:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirecting to [[Afrika-Dzonga]]</comment>
      <origin>9453</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="4vabfwg99fftdbkn1h8sq0jzkudo295" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT:[[Afrika-Dzonga]]</text>
      <sha1>4vabfwg99fftdbkn1h8sq0jzkudo295</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1918</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2854</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36222</id>
      <parentid>25434</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-08-05T18:23:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8</comment>
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      <text bytes="1623" sha1="3fimdi8jfj8ort8tdwwidkmklmv7q2r" xml:space="preserve">Lembe ra '''1918''' ( ''Magidi-nwe, madzana-nkaye khume na nhungu'') i lembe leri tolovekeke leri sunguleke hi Ravumbirhi.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt; &quot;Calendar in year 1918 ([[Russia]])&quot; (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage: &lt;!--
--&gt; [http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/index.html?year=1918&amp;country=19 Julian-1918]&lt;!--
--&gt; (Romania used Julian in 1919, when Russia adopted Gregorian).
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leswi endlekeke hi 1918 ==
=== Sunguti ===
* ...

=== Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu ===
* ...

=== Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi ===
* ...

=== Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani ===
* ...

=== Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati ===
* ...

=== Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri ===
* ...

=== N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi 1918 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* * '''[[Mawuwani 18]]''' - [[Nelson Mandela]] Khale ka phresidenti ya [[Afrika Dzonga]]

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava loveke hi 1918 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Swikombo ==
{{reflist}}

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* [http://www.datesofhistory.com/1918.year.html 1918 World History Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720075939/http://www.datesofhistory.com/1918.year.html |date=2008-07-20 }}
&lt;!--years 19xx are blank-category--&gt;

[[Category:1918| ]]</text>
      <sha1>3fimdi8jfj8ort8tdwwidkmklmv7q2r</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:1918</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2855</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25435</id>
      <parentid>25022</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:31:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 96 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5610937]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25435</origin>
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      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>1850</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2856</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25436</id>
      <parentid>25087</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:32:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 140 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7653]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25436</origin>
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      <text bytes="1340" sha1="hjnucszeecvx9in0hq5dqcpd9avpu9s" xml:space="preserve">Lembe ra '''1850''' ( ''Magidi-nwe, madzana-nhungu na khume-nthlanu'') i lembe leri tolovekeke leri sunguleke hi Ravumbirhi.
&lt;ref&gt;
   &quot;Calendar in year 1850 (Russia)&quot; (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage:
   [http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/index.html?year=1850&amp;country=20 Julian-1850]
   (Russia used the Julian calendar until [[1919]]).
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leswi endlekeke hi 1850 ==
=== Sunguti ===
* ...

=== Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu ===
* ...

=== Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi ===
* ...

=== Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani ===
* ...

=== Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati ===
* ...

=== Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri ===
* ...

=== N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi 1850 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

=== N'wheti a yitiviwi ===
* [[Nghunghunyana]] Hosi yo hetelela ya mfumo wa [[Gazaland|kaGaza]].

== Lava loveke hi 1850 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Swikombo ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1850| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1906</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2857</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26614</id>
      <parentid>25437</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-08-01T08:32:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Escarbot</username>
        <id>55</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>wikidata interwiki</comment>
      <origin>26614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1117" sha1="kveljqo4g36evb951mjxx1cjbhpzhrw" xml:space="preserve">Lembe ra '''1906''' ( ''Magidi-nwe, madzana-nkaye na ntsevu'') i lembe leri tolovekeke leri sunguleke hi Sonto.

== Leswi endlekeke hi 1906 ==
=== Sunguti ===
* ...

=== Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu ===
* ...

=== Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi ===
* ...

=== Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani ===
* ...

=== Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati ===
* ...

=== Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri ===
* ...

=== N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi 1906 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

=== N'wheti a yitiviwi ===
* ...

== Lava loveke hi 1906 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

=== N'wheti a yitiviwi ===
* [[Nghunghunyana]] Hosi yo hetelela ya mfumo wa [[Gazaland|kaGaza]].


== Swikombo ==

[[Category:1906| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1863</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2858</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38083</id>
      <parentid>28965</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-05-05T23:56:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1350" sha1="flri9a4bi3e4v8vpi6fhknuuukd82ku" xml:space="preserve">Lembe ra '''1863''' ( ''Magidi-nwe, madzana-nhungu makume-tsevu na nharhu'') i lembe leri tolovekeke leri sunguleke hi Ravumune.

== Leswi endlekeke hi 1863 ==
=== Sunguti ===
* ...

=== Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu ===
* ...

=== Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi ===
* ...

=== Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani ===
* ...

=== Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati ===
* ...

=== Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri ===
* ...

=== N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi 1863 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* '''[[Mudyaxihi 17]]''' - [[Henri-Alexandre Junod]] murhumiwa wa le swisi
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava loveke hi 1863 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Swikombo ==

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* [http://www.familytales.org/results.php?year=1863 Historic Letters of 1863] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603175704/http://www.familytales.org/results.php?year=1863 |date=2007-06-03 }}
&lt;!--years 19xx are blank-category--&gt;

[[Category:1863| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1934</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38177</id>
      <parentid>28966</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-07-08T15:14:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>38177</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1368" sha1="78icgm6enkq4elqehacnfeb4jgwotpx" xml:space="preserve">Lembe ra '''1934''' ( ''Magidi-nwe, madzana-nkaye makume-nharhu na mune'') i lembe leri tolovekeke leri sunguleke hi Musombhunuko.

== Leswi endlekeke hi 1934 ==
=== Sunguti ===
* ...

=== Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu ===
* ...

=== Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi ===
* ...

=== Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani ===
* ...

=== Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati ===
* ...

=== Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri ===
* ...

=== N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi 1934 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava loveke hi 1934 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* '''[[Mudyaxihi 22]]''' - [[Henri-Alexandre Junod]] murhumiwa wa le swisi
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Swikombo ==

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* [http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/Time/1934/1934fr.html The 1930s Timeline: 1934] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124002344/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/time/1934/1934fr.html |date=2009-01-24 }}
&lt;!--years 19xx are blank-category--&gt;

[[Category:1934| ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Masiku ya Lembe</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2860</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25666</id>
      <parentid>24886</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-10T23:13:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 24 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6675695]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1087" sha1="sy7g5apo2ai5hokbop2zqdm45fe8b97" xml:space="preserve">This category is for all of the days of the year (Sunguti 1 … N'wendzamhala 31) and it is distinct from [[: Category:Masiku]] which is a category of categories about date related pages. Other related articles should not be included in this category. 
 
{| id=&quot;toc&quot; class=&quot;toc plainlinks&quot; summary=&quot;Contents&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
! {{MediaWiki:Toc}}&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} Top]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''·'''&amp;nbsp; 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=A}} Sunguti] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=B}} Nyenyenyani] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=C}} Nyenyankulu] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=D}} Dzivamusoko] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=E}} Mudyaxihi] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=F}} Khotavuxika] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=G}} Mawuwani] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=H}} Mhawuri] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=I}} Ndzhati] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=J}} Nhlangula] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=K}} Hukuri] 
[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|from=L}} N'wendzamhala] 
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Calendars]]
[[Category:Chronology]]
[[Category:Siku]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mudyaxihi 17</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2861</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26648</id>
      <parentid>26388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-08-27T22:18:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DragonflySixtyseven</username>
        <id>3673</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>(Script) [[commons:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:India r150024.png]] → [[File:India the rapper (2002 Adult Entertainment Expo).png]] this is not the nation of India</comment>
      <origin>26648</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="971" sha1="2j4n0t4x45ws0c4sfzks6a2xnie72of" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:India the rapper (2002 Adult Entertainment Expo).png|thumbnail|100px|India]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1863]]''' - [[Henri-Alexandre Junod]] murhumiwa wa le swisi
* '''[[1977]]''' - India
* ...

&lt;!-- 
Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list
Do not trust “this year in history” websites for accurate date information
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
--&gt;

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

&lt;!-- Do not add yourself or other people without Wikipedia articles to this list
Do not trust &quot;this year in history&quot; websites for accurate date information
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
--&gt;

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* {{BBC: On This Day}}
{{Commons|May 17}}</text>
      <sha1>2j4n0t4x45ws0c4sfzks6a2xnie72of</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:MayCalendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9472</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-02T10:55:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New page: {{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0501}} |float={{{float|none}}} |titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}}; |weekstyle=background-color:{{{color2|#ccccf...</comment>
      <origin>9472</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1824" sha1="eopcbara1vq70zcrcoox5a1c4dnich5" xml:space="preserve">{{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0501}}
|float={{{float|none}}}
|titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}};
|weekstyle=background-color:{{{color2|#ccccff}}};
|cur_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Mudyaxihi {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|{{{2|}}} Mudyaxihi {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}]]
|prev_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Dzivamusoko {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|&lt;&lt;]]
|next_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Khotavuxika {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|&gt;&gt;]]
|01=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 1{{{4|}}}|1]]
|02=[[{{{1|}}}May 2{{{4|}}}|2]]
|03=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 3{{{4|}}}|3]]
|04=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 4{{{4|}}}|4]]
|05=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 5{{{4|}}}|5]]
|06=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 6{{{4|}}}|6]]
|07=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 7{{{4|}}}|7]]
|08=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 8{{{4|}}}|8]]
|09=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 9{{{4|}}}|9]]
|10=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 10{{{4|}}}|10]]
|11=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 11{{{4|}}}|11]]
|12=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 12{{{4|}}}|12]]
|13=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 13{{{4|}}}|13]]
|14=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 14{{{4|}}}|14]]
|15=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 15{{{4|}}}|15]]
|16=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 16{{{4|}}}|16]]
|17=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 17{{{4|}}}|17]]
|18=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 18{{{4|}}}|18]]
|19=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 19{{{4|}}}|19]]
|20=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 20{{{4|}}}|20]]
|21=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 21{{{4|}}}|21]]
|22=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 22{{{4|}}}|22]]
|23=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 23{{{4|}}}|23]]
|24=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 24{{{4|}}}|24]]
|25=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 25{{{4|}}}|25]]
|26=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 26{{{4|}}}|26]]
|27=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 27{{{4|}}}|27]]
|28=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 28{{{4|}}}|28]]
|29=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 29{{{4|}}}|29]]
|30=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 30{{{4|}}}|30]]
|31=[[{{{1|}}}Mudyaxihi 31{{{4|}}}|31]]
|EndNote={{{EndNote|'''[[{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}|{{#time:xrY}}]]'''}}}
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>17. Mudyaxihi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2863</id>
    <redirect title="Mudyaxihi 17" />
    <revision>
      <id>9474</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-02T10:56:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[17. Mudyaxihi]] moved to [[Mudyaxihi 17]]:&amp;#32;Consistency</comment>
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      <text bytes="26" sha1="ti9gnwfbse658lpqlycvba3tj2m4wdc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Mudyaxihi 17]]</text>
      <sha1>ti9gnwfbse658lpqlycvba3tj2m4wdc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mudyaxihi 22</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2864</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26412</id>
      <parentid>25441</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T12:26:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>26412</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="751" sha1="hk0771yew8x61gefa25lug2xddehvsf" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Miss Zimbabwe 08 Cynthia Muvirimi.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Cynthia Muvirimi]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1983]]''' - [[Cynthia Muvirimi]]
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* '''[[1863]]''' - [[Henri-Alexandre Junod]] murhumiwa wa le swisi
* ...

&lt;!-- Do not add yourself or other people without Wikipedia articles to this list
Do not trust &quot;this year in history&quot; websites for accurate date information
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
--&gt;

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* {{BBC: On This Day}}
{{Commons|May 22}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>22. Mudyaxihi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2865</id>
    <redirect title="Mudyaxihi 22" />
    <revision>
      <id>9477</id>
      <timestamp>2009-02-02T10:58:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[22. Mudyaxihi]] moved to [[Mudyaxihi 22]]:&amp;#32;Consistency</comment>
      <origin>9477</origin>
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      <text bytes="26" sha1="pxzinsdb7m3uu656m5kkqr3u4tzjepr" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Mudyaxihi 22]]</text>
      <sha1>pxzinsdb7m3uu656m5kkqr3u4tzjepr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Mudyaxihi</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2866</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25591</id>
      <parentid>25233</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T02:40:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 103 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6493782]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Mawuwani</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <timestamp>2013-03-08T13:21:42Z</timestamp>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5460716]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kurow</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2868</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25443</id>
      <parentid>24817</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:34:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 228 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q2316]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1273" sha1="etjd4dnlh4etgrkpsx6si9w7tg44e5g" xml:space="preserve">{{Translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w }}
[[File:POL_Kur%C3%B3w_COA.svg|thumb|right|Mfungo wa rixaka wa Kurow]]

'''Kurów''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e Dzongeni wa vuxa dyambu bya [[Poland]], wu kumeka e xikarhi ka [[Puławy]] na [[Lublin]], e ribuweni ra nambu wa [[Kurówka]]. I ntsindza wa [[gmina]] (maspala) lowutivekaka hira [[Gmina Kurów]]. Muganga lowu wuni kwalomu ka 2804 wa va aka tiko (kusukela hi 2007).

== Matimu ==
Kurów yi simekiwe hi [[1185]]. Kwalomu ka ma lembe ya 1431 na 1442 muganga lowu wu sungule ku tiyimela woxe hi kuya hi nawu wa Magdeburg. Tani hi xidorobana lexi tiyimeleke, wu sungule ku va ntsindza wa swa mabindzu eka miganga leyi rhendzeleke. 

Endzhaku ka malembe ya 1660, doroba ri hlanganyele matimu ya miganga leyi rhendzeleke. Hi 1795, Kurów yi wele e hansi ka [[Austria]]. Hi 1809, yi wela ehansi ka [[Duchy of Warsaw|Warsaw]]. Hi 1815, Kurów yi sungule kuwela ehansi ka [[Congress Poland|Mfumo wa Poland]]. Hi Nyenyenyani wa 1831, e nyimpini ya le Kurów, ma vuthu ya maPoli e hansi ka Murhangeri [[Józef Dwernicki]] ma hlule mavuthu ya maRhaxiya. Kusukela hi 1918, Kurów yi thlelele ehansi ka tiko ra Poland.

== Miako na tindzhawu ta khale ==
* ...

== Tidyondzo ==
* ...

== Mintlangu ==
* ...

== Mintshaho ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Đồng Hới</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>37732</id>
      <parentid>25592</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-11-25T05:43:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing LocationVietnamQuangBinh.png with [[File:Location_of_Quang_Binh_within_Vietnam.png]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:).</comment>
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      <text bytes="778" sha1="edgotw0d56ssig9d2lx0pv3qieaeb3t" xml:space="preserve">{{Muganga
|name = Quảng Bình
|de = d'
|bandera =
|escudo =
|escudo_grandaria = 
|image = [[File:Nhat Le River.jpg|250px|Nhat Le River e Dong Hoi]]&lt;br /&gt;Nhat Le River
|muganga-mfumo = 
|xifundza = Quang Binh
|bamba = Bamba ra Bac Trung Bo
|muganga = Quảng Bình
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 155.54
|altaria = 965
|nstengo = 103,988
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2004
|kutlimbana = 34.9/km² (90.4/sq mi)
|web =
|situazión = [[File:Location of Quang Binh within Vietnam.png|250px|Dong Hoi e Xifundzeni xa Quang Binh]]&lt;/br&gt;Đồng Hới e Xifundzeni xa Quang Binh
}}

'''Đồng Hới''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Quang Binh]], [[Bac Trung Bo]], e [[Vietnam]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2006, muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 103,988.

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Quang Binh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Portal:Swimilana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2913</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36564</id>
      <parentid>30627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-05-21T19:47:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Diversity_of_plants_image_version_5.png with [[File:Diversity_of_plants_(Streptophyta)_version_2.png]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous n</comment>
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      <text bytes="4070" sha1="4rg40r6i1v4l4sfhk6pa3x0mx3knzxc" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwa-nkulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
&lt;!--      Full Column           --&gt;
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Nyangwa-nkulu wa: Swimilana|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{{image|name=Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png|width=120px|pad=3px|float=right}}
'''Swimilana''' i xiyenge lexi kulu xa mixaka ya swivumbiwa leswihanyaka tani hi minsinya, matsavu na byanyi hi ku hambana-hambana. ku na kwa lomu ka 350,000 wa tinxaka ta swimilana. Swi milana swo tala i swa muvala warihlaza, naswona swi tirhisa matimba ya dyambu ku tswala mihandzu no kula. Matluka lawa makumekaka eka nyangwa-nkulu lowu:
{|
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''[[Portal:Miroho|Miroho]]''' ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} '''[[Portal:Mihandzu|Mihandzu]]''' ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} '''[[Portal:Minsinya|Minsinya]]''' ||
|}
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Nxaxamelo wa minsinya leyi tivekaka eka Vatsonga|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;{{:Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo}}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola_filesystems_www.png|16px]] '''[[Portal:Minsinya|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]''' &lt;/div&gt;
{{editme|/Nxaxamelo}} 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Nxaxamelo wa miroho leyi tivekaka eka Vatsonga|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;{{:Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-2}}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola_filesystems_www.png|16px]] '''[[Portal:Miroho|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]''' &lt;/div&gt;
{{editme|/Nxaxamelo-2}} 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Nxaxamelo wa mihandzu leyi tivekaka eka Vatsonga|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;{{:Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-3}}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola_filesystems_www.png|16px]] '''[[Portal:Mihandzu|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]''' &lt;/div&gt;
{{editme|/Nxaxamelo-3}} 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku engeteriwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso yo tshuka yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Plants|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta swimilana eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Ti wiki tinwana to yelana na nyangwa-nkulu wa swimilana|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
| [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[q:Plants|'''Swimilana e ka Wikiquote''']]&lt;/br&gt; Quotes
| [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[commons:Plants|'''Swimilana e ka Commons''']]&lt;/br&gt; Images
| [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[s:Category:Plants|'''Swimilana e ka Wikisource''']]&lt;/br&gt; Texts
| [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]
| [[:wikibooks:Plants|'''Swimilana e ka Wikibooks''']]&lt;/br&gt; Manuals &amp; Texts
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
[[Category:Swimilana]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]
[[Category:Mihandzu]]
[[Category:Miroho]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Softredirect</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2924</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26214</id>
      <parentid>25785</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-09-05T10:02:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jafeluv</username>
        <id>1346</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link to meta; no tsonga page yet but feel free to translate</comment>
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      <text bytes="233" sha1="3od1ia3wbyve1fi05fipamdy92w9jgy" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Redirectltr.png|#REDIRECT ]]&lt;span class=&quot;redirectText&quot; id=&quot;softredirect&quot;&gt;[[{{{1}}}]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%; padding-left:52px;&quot;&gt;This page is a [[m:Soft redirect|soft redirect]].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3od1ia3wbyve1fi05fipamdy92w9jgy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Cita</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>10974</id>
      <timestamp>2009-06-30T02:16:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Canelo123</username>
        <id>842</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with '&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 1em 4em 1em&quot; class=&quot;citado&quot; {{#if:{{{estilo|}}}|style=&quot;{{{estilo}}}&quot;}}&gt;{{#if: {{{col2|}}}   |{{{!}} style=&quot;background:transparent;&quot; {{!}} {{{1}}} {{!}} style=...'</comment>
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      <text bytes="396" sha1="7tbhstz9gr6x40a9h9rlj4jvw5oe6ap" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 1em 4em 1em&quot; class=&quot;citado&quot; {{#if:{{{estilo|}}}|style=&quot;{{{estilo}}}&quot;}}&gt;{{#if: {{{col2|}}}
  |{{{!}} style=&quot;background:transparent;&quot;
{{!}} {{{1}}}
{{!}} style=&quot;padding-left: 1em;&quot; {{!}} {{{col2}}}
{{!}}}
  |{{{1}}}
}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if: {{{col2|}}}||&lt;br /&gt;}}&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentación de plantilla}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7tbhstz9gr6x40a9h9rlj4jvw5oe6ap</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Commonscat</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2927</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25445</id>
      <parentid>19174</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:34:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q48029]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="455" sha1="rifsjazmf68ox95n3dbk3oyzj6wzpzg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;interProject&quot;&gt;[[commons:Category:{{{1|{{{nombre|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}|Commons]]&lt;/span&gt;
*[[File:Commons-logo.svg|15px|Colabora en Commons.]] [[Wikimedia Commons]] alberga {{{objeto|contenido multimedia}}} {{{preposicion|{{{preposición|sobre}}}}}} '''[[Commons:Category:{{{1|{{{nombre|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{etiqueta|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]]'''.&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Categoría:Wikipedia:Plantillas de enlace entre proyectos|Commonscat]]


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rifsjazmf68ox95n3dbk3oyzj6wzpzg</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ivory Coast</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2938</id>
    <redirect title="Côte d&#039;Ivoire" />
    <revision>
      <id>11264</id>
      <timestamp>2009-07-17T19:05:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Qmwne235</username>
        <id>112</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>moved [[Ivory Coast]] to [[Côte d'Ivoire]]: The English Wikipedia uses the official name of the country in French, and until a name can be found in Xitsonga, we should probably follow the English precedent, as done in other articles.</comment>
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      <text bytes="28" sha1="ak03to0pq0gt8mwfpwvht7dtl3ys868" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Côte d'Ivoire]]</text>
      <sha1>ak03to0pq0gt8mwfpwvht7dtl3ys868</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lithuania</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2944</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25446</id>
      <parentid>25078</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:35:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 227 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q37]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25446</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="955" sha1="6sazcgjbj7xaawe16c0qh6he0kds1by" xml:space="preserve">{{Translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania}}
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Lietuvos Respublika'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of Arms of Lithuania.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of the Lithuania|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Lithuania|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Europe location LIT.png|300px]]
|}
'''Lithuania''' (lt. - ''Lietuva, Liteuvos Respublika'') a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. Qongo - [[Vilnius]]. Tiko ra Lithuania ri le xikarhi ka [[Lwandle ra Baltic]]. 

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>6sazcgjbj7xaawe16c0qh6he0kds1by</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Republic of Ireland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2945</id>
    <redirect title="Ireland" />
    <revision>
      <id>11626</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-22T09:47:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bearas</username>
        <id>858</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Ireland]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="20" sha1="bisxiyjr2ui9qkg7b8zax9uky2dkl1e" xml:space="preserve">#redirect[[Ireland]]</text>
      <sha1>bisxiyjr2ui9qkg7b8zax9uky2dkl1e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lwandle ra Meditera</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2947</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36117</id>
      <parentid>25447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-06-01T11:38:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>31.200.13.109</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36117</origin>
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      <text bytes="575" sha1="t43qqp80yby6ho61bu8uvjy3demft5p" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mediterranean Relief.jpg|thumb|Lwandle ra Meditera]]
'''Lwandle ra meditera''' i lwandle ra [[Yuropa]], [[Afrika]], [[Asia]]. 


== Matiko ya Lwandle ra Meditera ==
=== Yuropa ===
* [[Albania]]
* [[Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina]]
* [[Croatia]]
* [[France]]
* [[Greece]]
* [[Italy]]
* [[Malta]]
* [[Monaco]]
* [[Montenegro]]
* [[Slovenia]]
* [[Spaniya]]

=== Asia ===
* [[Cyprus]]
* [[Turkey]]
* [[Syria]] 
* [[Lebanon]] 
* [[Israel]]

=== Afrika ===
* [[Egypt]] 
* [[Libya]] 
* [[Tunisia]] 
* [[Algeria]]
* [[Morocco]]

[[Category:Yuropa]]
[[Category:Afrika]]
[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>t43qqp80yby6ho61bu8uvjy3demft5p</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Lwandle ra Baltic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2948</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25448</id>
      <parentid>25165</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:35:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 132 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q545]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25448</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="281" sha1="ldmb1se84cjrkefj25d13qw4vslfwzv" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Baltic Sea map.png|thumb|Lwandle ra Baltic]]
'''Lwandle ra Baltic''' i lwandle ra [[Yuropa]].

== Matiko ya lwandle ra Baltic ==
* [[Sweden]]
* [[Finland]]
* [[Russia]]
* [[Estonia]]
* [[Latvia]]
* [[Lithuania]]
* [[Poland]]
* [[Jarimani]]
* [[Denmark]]

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>ldmb1se84cjrkefj25d13qw4vslfwzv</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baltic Sea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2949</id>
    <redirect title="Lwandle ra Baltic" />
    <revision>
      <id>11680</id>
      <timestamp>2009-08-30T15:14:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bearas</username>
        <id>858</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Lwandle ra Baltic]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="31" sha1="prwd0es867ufu1nw2t5mwoh4x1zhn74" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Lwandle ra Baltic]]</text>
      <sha1>prwd0es867ufu1nw2t5mwoh4x1zhn74</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lwandle ra Ntima</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2950</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25449</id>
      <parentid>24905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T19:35:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3024</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 146 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q166]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <origin>25449</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="235" sha1="1dyksg4hz2u6ynvkk6romyg92smk2iy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Black Sea map.png|thumb|Lwandle ra Ntima]]
'''Lwandle ra Ntima''' i lwandle ra [[Yuropa]].

== Matiko ya lwandle ra Ntima ==
* [[Ukraine]]
* [[Russia]]
* [[Georgia]]
* [[Turkey]]
* [[Bulgaria]]
* [[Romania]]

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>1dyksg4hz2u6ynvkk6romyg92smk2iy</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>File:Pendiente-traducir.png</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>2964</id>
    <revision>
      <id>11981</id>
      <timestamp>2009-09-26T02:46:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>190.232.6.212</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with 'the lost city of the incas ,macchu pichu ,is located at the top of the macchu picchu'</comment>
      <origin>11981</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="84" sha1="17oexb22jk4uruwe7ric2oaljtxyt07" xml:space="preserve">the lost city of the incas ,macchu pichu ,is located at the top of the macchu picchu</text>
      <sha1>17oexb22jk4uruwe7ric2oaljtxyt07</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Barca (Soria)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2967</id>
    <redirect title="Barca" />
    <revision>
      <id>12145</id>
      <timestamp>2009-10-19T13:11:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andre Engels</username>
        <id>72</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>moved [[Barca (Soria)]] to [[Barca]]: two near-similar pages about the same subject</comment>
      <origin>12145</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="19" sha1="odp55swauy1dls9soxhgaqomge7r471" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Barca]]</text>
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      <text bytes="394" sha1="ib4ortea4gdgytylaj6ax2340pibdtq" xml:space="preserve">==Filimi==
[[File:Institut Lumière - CINEMATOGRAPHE Camera.jpg|thumb|Cinématographe Lumière at the [[Institut Lumière]], France]]
'''Filimi''' i ngharingeto lowu kombisiwaka hi swifaniso leswi fambaka. Yi ntumbuluxiwa hi ku kandziyisa swifaniso hi khamera, kumbe hitindlela ta vumunhuhati kumbe vuantwisi bya swifaniso. Vuntumbuxi bya tifilimi byi hundzuke vutshila na ndlela yo bizundzula.</text>
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[[Category:Categories]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5461174]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4966070]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 133 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q199]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''N'we''', vito ra tinomboro 1.

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 109 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5460837]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q204]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''Tandza''' / '''Noto''' / '''Ziro''' , vito ra tinomboro 0.

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 127 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q200]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''Mbirhi''' , vito ra tinomboro 2.

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 120 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q201]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''Nharhu''' , vito ra tinomboro 3.

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 119 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q202]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''Mune''' , vito ra tinomboro 4.

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 114 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q203]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''Ntlhanu''' , vito ra tinomboro 5.

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q23488]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''Tsevu''' , vito ra tinomboro 6.

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q23350]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''Nkombo''' , vito ra tinomboro

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 110 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q23355]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''Nhungu''' , vito ra tinomboro 8.

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'''Kaye''' , vito ra tinomboro 9.

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'''Khume''' , vito ra tinomboro 10.

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 243 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5544939]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 140 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5546003]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 121 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6399325]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567039]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6446464]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6446385]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 184 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6403269]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6386298]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6447959]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 22 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567015]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Osasco'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
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|-
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| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File: SaoPaulo_Municip_Osasco.svg|150px]]
|-
|}
|-
|}


'''Osasco''' (o’zasku), [[Brazil]], South America.


== Pages ==


* [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Osasco Commons:Osasco]
* http://www.osasco,sp.gov.br 
* http://www.osascobrazil.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530101138/http://www.osascobrazil.com/ |date=2008-05-30 }}

[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:First word</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16839</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:45:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16839</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="218" sha1="4fqumie92t9e3doeyrqxpcm8resz8sm" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq: {{str find|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}| }} | -1 | {{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | {{trunc|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{str find|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}| }}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4fqumie92t9e3doeyrqxpcm8resz8sm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str find</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3277</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16840</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:45:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16840</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130" sha1="j88y1yfnwt3yyzwcseg6lffa1zkq9c7" xml:space="preserve">{{#titleparts: {{str find/logic|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{str len|*{{{2|}}}*}}-2}}-1|1}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j88y1yfnwt3yyzwcseg6lffa1zkq9c7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str find/logic</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3278</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16841</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:46:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16841</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5306" sha1="olwom9jdltgh1l5bbbtq83vpnz2egvx" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}}}}}}* | *{{{2}}}* | 1/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} +  1}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|1}}{{{2}}}* |  2/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} +  2}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|2}}{{{2}}}* |  3/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} +  3}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|3}}{{{2}}}* |  4/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} +  4}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|4}}{{{2}}}* |  5/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} +  5}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|5}}{{{2}}}* |  6/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} +  6}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|6}}{{{2}}}* |  7/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} +  7}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|7}}{{{2}}}* |  8/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} +  8}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|8}}{{{2}}}* |  9/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} +  9}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|9}}{{{2}}}* | 10/}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 10}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|10}}{{{2}}}* | 11/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 11}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|11}}{{{2}}}* | 12/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 12}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|12}}{{{2}}}* | 13/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 13}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|13}}{{{2}}}* | 14/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 14}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|14}}{{{2}}}* | 15/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 15}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|15}}{{{2}}}* | 16/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 16}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|16}}{{{2}}}* | 17/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 17}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|17}}{{{2}}}* | 18/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 18}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|18}}{{{2}}}* | 19/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 19}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|19}}{{{2}}}* | 20/}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 20}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|20}}{{{2}}}* | 21/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 21}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|21}}{{{2}}}* | 22/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 22}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|22}}{{{2}}}* | 23/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 23}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|23}}{{{2}}}* | 24/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 24}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|24}}{{{2}}}* | 25/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 25}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|25}}{{{2}}}* | 26/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 26}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|26}}{{{2}}}* | 27/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 27}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|27}}{{{2}}}* | 28/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 28}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|28}}{{{2}}}* | 29/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 29}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|29}}{{{2}}}* | 30/}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 30}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|30}}{{{2}}}* | 31/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 31}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|31}}{{{2}}}* | 32/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 32}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|32}}{{{2}}}* | 33/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 33}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|33}}{{{2}}}* | 34/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 34}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|34}}{{{2}}}* | 35/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 35}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|35}}{{{2}}}* | 36/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 36}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|36}}{{{2}}}* | 37/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 37}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|37}}{{{2}}}* | 38/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 38}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|38}}{{{2}}}* | 39/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 39}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|39}}{{{2}}}* | 40/}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 40}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|40}}{{{2}}}* | 41/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 41}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|41}}{{{2}}}* | 42/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 42}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|42}}{{{2}}}* | 43/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 43}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|43}}{{{2}}}* | 44/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 44}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|44}}{{{2}}}* | 45/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 45}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|45}}{{{2}}}* | 46/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 46}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|46}}{{{2}}}* | 47/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 47}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|47}}{{{2}}}* | 48/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 48}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|48}}{{{2}}}* | 49/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq: *{{str left|{{{1}}}|{{#expr: {{{3}}} + 49}}}}* | *{{str left|{{{1}}}|49}}{{{2}}}* | 50/}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>olwom9jdltgh1l5bbbtq83vpnz2egvx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str left</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3279</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16842</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:48:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16842</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="123" sha1="cutn7u48qhxa3fmcgppddlk8iixlaw1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft: |{{{2|1}}}|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cutn7u48qhxa3fmcgppddlk8iixlaw1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str len</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3280</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16843</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:48:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16843</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="620" sha1="5abrmrqmzng0bbezkp5j4fm9z8p9kom" xml:space="preserve">{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:x|{{{1|}}}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| 500 }}   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- str &gt;= 500 --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
| 500
| {{{{{|safesubst:}}}str len/core   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- xx0-xx9 --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
  |{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:x|{{{1|}}}}}
  | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}str len/core   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- x0x-x9x --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
    |{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:x|{{{1|}}}}}
    | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}str len/core   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- 0xx-4xx --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
      |{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:x|{{{1|}}}}}
      | | hundreds
      }}| tens
    }}| ones
  }}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5abrmrqmzng0bbezkp5j4fm9z8p9kom</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str len/core</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16844</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:49:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16844</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3311" sha1="0n2akycaj4x8wq6bxbht2featuk3wen" xml:space="preserve">{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch: {{{3|}}}

| hundreds =   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- 0xx-4xx, using linear search since most strings will probably be less than 100 bytes. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| 100 }}  &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--str &gt;= x--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
| {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| 200 }}
  | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| 300 }}
    | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| 400 }}
      | 4
      | 3
      }}
    | 2
    }}
  | 1
  }}
|   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- Don't return 0, since tens and ones don't want a leading 0 in parameter 2. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}

| tens =   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- x0x-x9x, using linear search for 0x-3x, binary search for 4x-9x, since most strings will probably be 0-39 bytes. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{{2|}}}{{
{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}10 }}  &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--str &gt;= x--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
| {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}20 }}
  | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}30 }}
    | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}40 }}
      | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}60 }}
        | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}80 }}
          | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}90 }}
            | 9
            | 8
            }}
          | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}70 }}
            | 7
            | 6
            }}
          }}
        | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}50 }}
          | 5
          | 4
          }}
        }}
      | 3
      }}
    | 2
    }}
  | 1
  }}
| {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|0}}   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- Only return 0 if &gt;=100, since ones don't want a leading 0 in parameter 2. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}

| ones =   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- xx0-xx9, using binary search. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{{2|}}}{{
{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}4 }}  &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--str &gt;= x--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
| {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}6 }}
  | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}8 }}
    | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}9 }}
      | 9
      | 8
      }}
    | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}7 }}
      | 7
      | 6
      }}
    }}
  | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}5 }}
    | 5
    | 4
    }}
  }}
| {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}2 }}
  | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}3 }}
    | 3
    | 2
    }}
  | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{1|}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}}1 }}
    | 1
    | 0
    }}
  }}
}}

}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0n2akycaj4x8wq6bxbht2featuk3wen</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Trunc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3282</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16845</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:50:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16845</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="158" sha1="1a749qv0l8g6odqqhp5k991e5mjjpt4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{padright: {{#iferror: {{#expr: 0 + {{{2}}}}} | {{{1}}} |}} | {{{2|}}} | {{{1}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1a749qv0l8g6odqqhp5k991e5mjjpt4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Second of two words</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3283</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16846</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:52:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16846</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="196" sha1="9lv475lgkrvatloqn5uko89bqc0nxyx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{str right|{{{words|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{str len|{{first word|{{{words|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}} + 1}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9lv475lgkrvatloqn5uko89bqc0nxyx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str right</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3284</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16847</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:53:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16847</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="254" sha1="8rnkj19jx87anp2newcfj3rrxpk4b5d" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Str sub long|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Str len|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}}}-{{{2}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8rnkj19jx87anp2newcfj3rrxpk4b5d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str sub long</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3285</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16848</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:54:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16848</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21761" sha1="i30i2njrv9otnuocf2t2dou8ji0mhjc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{2|0}}}|0|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str_left|{{{1}}}|{{{3|0}}}}}|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 1 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 1|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|1}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 2 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 2|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 3 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 3|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 4 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 4|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|4}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 5 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 5|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|5}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 6 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 6|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 7 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 7|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|7}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 8 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 8|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 9 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 9|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|9}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 11 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 11|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|11}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 12 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 12|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|12}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 13 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 13|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|13}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 14 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 14|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|14}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 15 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 15|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|15}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 16 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 16|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 17 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 17|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 18 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 18|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 19 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 19|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|19}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 21 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 21|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 22 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 22|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|22}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|23}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 24 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 24|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|24}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 25 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 25|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

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--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|26}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 27 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 27|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|27}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 28 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 28|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|28}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 29 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 29|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|29}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 30 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 30|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|30}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 31 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 31|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|31}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 32 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 32|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|32}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 33 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 33|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|33}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 34 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 34|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|34}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 35 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 35|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|35}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 36 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 36|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|36}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 37 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 37|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|37}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 38 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 38|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|38}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 39 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 39|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|39}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 40 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 40|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|40}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 41 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 41|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|41}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 42 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 42|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|42}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 43 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 43|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|43}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 44 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 44|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|44}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 45 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 45|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|45}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 46 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 46|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|46}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 47 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 47|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|47}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 48 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 48|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|48}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 49 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 49|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|49}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 50 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 50|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|50}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 51 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 51|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|51}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 52 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 52|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|52}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 53 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 53|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|53}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 54 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 54|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|54}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 55 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 55|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|55}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 56 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 56|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|56}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 57 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 57|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|57}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 58 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 58|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|58}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 59 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 59|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|59}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 60 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 60|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|60}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 61 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 61|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|61}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 62 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 62|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|62}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 63 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 63|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|63}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 64 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 64|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|64}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 65 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 65|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|65}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 66 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 66|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|66}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 67 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 67|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|67}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 68 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 68|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|68}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 69 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 69|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|69}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 70 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 70|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|70}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 71 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 71|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|71}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 72 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 72|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|72}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 73 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 73|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|73}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 74 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 74|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|74}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 75 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 75|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|75}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 76 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 76|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|76}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 77 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 77|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|77}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 78 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 78|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|78}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 79 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 79|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|79}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 80 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 80|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|80}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 81 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 81|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|81}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 82 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 82|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|82}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 83 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 83|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|83}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 84 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 84|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|84}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 85 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 85|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|85}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 86 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 86|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|86}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 87 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 87|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|87}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 88 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 88|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|88}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 89 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 89|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|89}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 90 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 90|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|90}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 91 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 91|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|91}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 92 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 92|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|92}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 93 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 93|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|93}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 94 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 94|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|94}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 95 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 95|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|95}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 96 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 96|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|96}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 97 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 97|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|97}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 98 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 98|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|98}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 99 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 99|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|99}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &lt; 100 and {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt;= 100|&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index any|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|{{{1}}}|100}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}} &gt;= 100 or {{{2|0}}} + {{{3|0}}} &gt; 100|{{FormattingError|nocategory={{{nocategory|}}}|max index is 100 for str sub long}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i30i2njrv9otnuocf2t2dou8ji0mhjc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str index any</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3286</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16849</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:55:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16849</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="483" sha1="tc0srn13nt0bbhpp04ab3zv6p8392wd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str ≥ len
| 1 = {{{1|}}}
| 2 = {{{2|0}}}
| 3 = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}str index/getchar |nocategory={{{nocategory|}}} |*{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str left |nocategory={{{nocategory|}}} |{{{1|}}}|{{{2|0}}}}}*|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}str left |nocategory={{{nocategory|}}} |{{{1|}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{2|0}}}-1}}}}}}
| 4 = &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--IGNORE: {Str index any} - End of string.--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tc0srn13nt0bbhpp04ab3zv6p8392wd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str ≥ len</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3287</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16850</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:55:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16850</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="232" sha1="5xf86htlmge49bm5s4m7k23cgovprf0" xml:space="preserve">{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:x|{{{1|}}}}} | x{{{{{|safesubst:}}}padleft:{{{1|}}}| {{{2|}}} }}   &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- str &gt;= len --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
| {{{3|}}}
| {{{4|}}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5xf86htlmge49bm5s4m7k23cgovprf0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str index/getchar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3288</id>
    <revision>
      <id>16851</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-25T23:57:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Budelberger</username>
        <id>214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Création.</comment>
      <origin>16851</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5835" sha1="6m6mcjxvookqib8guuo865d6rtpfs8k" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch: {{{1}}}
| *{{{2}}} * =&amp;#32;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--matches a space--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
|*{{{2}}}a*=a
|*{{{2}}}b*=b
|*{{{2}}}c*=c
|*{{{2}}}d*=d
|*{{{2}}}e*=e
|*{{{2}}}f*=f
|*{{{2}}}g*=g
|*{{{2}}}h*=h
|*{{{2}}}i*=i
|*{{{2}}}j*=j
|*{{{2}}}k*=k
|*{{{2}}}l*=l
|*{{{2}}}m*=m
|*{{{2}}}n*=n
|*{{{2}}}o*=o
|*{{{2}}}p*=p
|*{{{2}}}q*=q
|*{{{2}}}r*=r
|*{{{2}}}s*=s
|*{{{2}}}t*=t
|*{{{2}}}u*=u
|*{{{2}}}v*=v
|*{{{2}}}w*=w
|*{{{2}}}x*=x
|*{{{2}}}y*=y
|*{{{2}}}z*=z&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
|*{{{2}}}A*=A
|*{{{2}}}B*=B
|*{{{2}}}C*=C
|*{{{2}}}D*=D
|*{{{2}}}E*=E
|*{{{2}}}F*=F
|*{{{2}}}G*=G
|*{{{2}}}H*=H
|*{{{2}}}I*=I
|*{{{2}}}J*=J
|*{{{2}}}K*=K
|*{{{2}}}L*=L
|*{{{2}}}M*=M
|*{{{2}}}N*=N
|*{{{2}}}O*=O
|*{{{2}}}P*=P
|*{{{2}}}Q*=Q
|*{{{2}}}R*=R
|*{{{2}}}S*=S
|*{{{2}}}T*=T
|*{{{2}}}U*=U
|*{{{2}}}V*=V
|*{{{2}}}W*=W
|*{{{2}}}X*=X
|*{{{2}}}Y*=Y
|*{{{2}}}Z*=Z&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
|*{{{2}}}1*=1
|*{{{2}}}2*=2
|*{{{2}}}3*=3
|*{{{2}}}4*=4
|*{{{2}}}5*=5
|*{{{2}}}6*=6
|*{{{2}}}7*=7
|*{{{2}}}8*=8
|*{{{2}}}9*=9
|*{{{2}}}0*=0&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
|*{{{2}}}!*=!
|*{{{2}}}@*=@
|*{{{2}}}#*=#
|*{{{2}}}$*=$
|*{{{2}}}%*=%
|*{{{2}}}^*=^
|*{{{2}}}&amp;*=&amp;
|*{{{2}}}**=*
|*{{{2}}}(*=(
|*{{{2}}})*=)&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
|*{{{2}}}.*=.
|*{{{2}}},*=,
|*{{{2}}}&lt;*=&lt;
|*{{{2}}}&gt;*=&gt;
|*{{{2}}}:*=:
|*{{{2}}};*=;
|*{{{2}}}[*=[
|*{{{2}}}]*=]
|*{{{2}}}'*='
|*{{{2}}}&quot;*=&quot;
|*{{{2}}}?*=?
|*{{{2}}}/*=/
|*{{{2}}}\*=\
|*{{{2}}}{*={
|*{{{2}}}}*=}
|*{{{2}}}~*=~
|*{{{2}}}`*=`
|*{{{2}}}{{=}}*={{=}}
|*{{{2}}}-*=-
|*{{{2}}}{{!}}*={{!}}
|*{{{2}}}+*=+
|*{{{2}}}_*=_
|*{{{2}}}♣*=♣
|*{{{2}}}♦*=♦
|*{{{2}}}♥*=♥
|*{{{2}}}♠*=♠&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
|*{{{2}}}Á*=Á
|*{{{2}}}á*=á 
|*{{{2}}}À*=À 
|*{{{2}}}à*=à 
|*{{{2}}}Â*=Â 
|*{{{2}}}â*=â 
|*{{{2}}}Ä*=Ä
|*{{{2}}}ä*=ä 
|*{{{2}}}Ǎ*=Ǎ 
|*{{{2}}}ǎ*=ǎ 
|*{{{2}}}Ă*=Ă 
|*{{{2}}}ă*=ă 
|*{{{2}}}Ā*=Ā 
|*{{{2}}}ā*=ā 
|*{{{2}}}Ã*=Ã 
|*{{{2}}}ã*=ã 
|*{{{2}}}Å*=Å 
|*{{{2}}}å*=å 
|*{{{2}}}Ą*=Ą 
|*{{{2}}}ą*=ą 
|*{{{2}}}Æ*=Æ 
|*{{{2}}}æ*=æ&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
|*{{{2}}}Ć*=Ć 
|*{{{2}}}ć*=ć 
|*{{{2}}}Ċ*=Ċ 
|*{{{2}}}ċ*=ċ 
|*{{{2}}}Ĉ*=Ĉ
|*{{{2}}}ĉ*=ĉ 
|*{{{2}}}Č*=Č 
|*{{{2}}}č*=č 
|*{{{2}}}Ç*=Ç 
|*{{{2}}}ç*=ç 
|*{{{2}}}Ď*=Ď 
|*{{{2}}}ď*=ď 
|*{{{2}}}Đ*=Đ 
|*{{{2}}}đ*=đ 
|*{{{2}}}Ð*=Ð 
|*{{{2}}}ð*=ð 
|*{{{2}}}É*=É 
|*{{{2}}}é*=é 
|*{{{2}}}È*=È 
|*{{{2}}}è*=è 
|*{{{2}}}Ė*=Ė 
|*{{{2}}}ė*=ė 
|*{{{2}}}Ê*=Ê 
|*{{{2}}}ê*=ê 
|*{{{2}}}Ë*=Ë 
|*{{{2}}}ë*=ë 
|*{{{2}}}Ě*=Ě 
|*{{{2}}}ě*=ě 
|*{{{2}}}Ĕ*=Ĕ 
|*{{{2}}}ĕ*=ĕ 
|*{{{2}}}Ē*=Ē 
|*{{{2}}}ē*=ē 
|*{{{2}}}Ẽ*=Ẽ 
|*{{{2}}}ẽ*=ẽ 
|*{{{2}}}Ę*=Ę 
|*{{{2}}}ę*=ę
|*{{{2}}}Ġ*=Ġ 
|*{{{2}}}ġ*=ġ 
|*{{{2}}}Ĝ*=Ĝ 
|*{{{2}}}ĝ*=ĝ 
|*{{{2}}}Ğ*=Ğ 
|*{{{2}}}ğ*=ğ 
|*{{{2}}}Ģ*=Ģ 
|*{{{2}}}ģ*=ģ
|*{{{2}}}Ĥ*=Ĥ 
|*{{{2}}}ĥ*=ĥ 
|*{{{2}}}Ħ*=Ħ 
|*{{{2}}}ħ*=ħ 
|*{{{2}}}İ*=İ 
|*{{{2}}}ı*=ı 
|*{{{2}}}Í*=Í 
|*{{{2}}}í*=í 
|*{{{2}}}Ì*=Ì 
|*{{{2}}}ì*=ì 
|*{{{2}}}Î*=Î 
|*{{{2}}}î*=î 
|*{{{2}}}Ï*=Ï 
|*{{{2}}}ï*=ï 
|*{{{2}}}Ǐ*=Ǐ 
|*{{{2}}}ǐ*=ǐ 
|*{{{2}}}Ĭ*=Ĭ 
|*{{{2}}}ĭ*=ĭ 
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      <text bytes="677" sha1="cwmkgaeh34pbx8s57tlvhefyypqg6d5" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Dave Cummings, Jeannie Pepper.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Jeannie Pepper]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1958]]''' - [[Jeannie Pepper]]
* ...


== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

&lt;!-- Do not add yourself or other people without Wikipedia articles to this list
Do not trust &quot;this year in history&quot; websites for accurate date information
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
--&gt;

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* {{BBC: On This Day}}
{{Commons|July 9}}</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 148 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q2716]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="740" sha1="kn3menrjql3dfi6o38gq53y2x21crm0" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
* ...

&lt;!-- 
Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list
Do not trust “this year in history” websites for accurate date information
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
--&gt;

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

&lt;!-- Do not add yourself or other people without Wikipedia articles to this list
Do not trust &quot;this year in history&quot; websites for accurate date information
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
--&gt;

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* {{BBC: On This Day}}
{{Commons|July 30}}</text>
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    <title>Monzón</title>
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|de = d'
|bandera = Bandera de Monzon.svg
|escudo = Escudo de Monzón.svg
|escudo_grandaria = 70px
|image = [[File:Castillo de Monzon (15530066601).jpg|250px|Monzón castle]]&lt;br /&gt;Monzón castle
|muganga-mfumo = Aragón
|xifundza = Huesca
|bamba = Cinca Medio
|muganga = Monzón
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 155,01
|altaria = 273
|nstengo = 17260
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2014
|kutlimbana = 110.41/km² 
|web = [http://www.monzon.es www.monzon.es]
|situazión = [[File:Localización de Cinca Medio (Aragón).svg|250px|Monzón e Aragón]]&lt;/br&gt;Monzón e Aragón
}}

'''Monzón''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Huesca]], [[Aragón]], e [[Spaniya]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2014 (INE), muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 17 260.

{{Monzón}}

[[Category:Spaniya]]
[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Huesca]]</text>
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Chile|Flag]])
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg|300px]]
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A tiko ra [[Amerika wa Xilatini]].

[[File:Pueblo de San Pedro de Atacama 2013-09-21 11-52-31.jpg|left|thumb|270px|Atacama]]

[[Category:Amerika wa Xilatini]]</text>
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[[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|thumb|200px]]
[[File:COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg]]

[[Category:Amerika wa Xilatini]]</text>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[Wikipedia:Community Portal]]</comment>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-15T08:45:17Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Undo revision 37307 by [[Special:Contributions/2601:586:5100:B5F0:98F9:D523:A1AA:321|2601:586:5100:B5F0:98F9:D523:A1AA:321]] ([[User talk:2601:586:5100:B5F0:98F9:D523:A1AA:321|talk]])</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Российская Федерация'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
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| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Russia|Flag]])
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|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Russian_Federation_2014_(orthographic_projection)_-_verde_claro.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Russia''' - a tiko ra [[Yuropa]] ([[Moscow]]).

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/102.220.77.240|102.220.77.240]] ([[User talk:102.220.77.240|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Thanks on my|Thanks on my]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3733" sha1="busrmi4j1il0vj9c7hzc94ty5xkeiee" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       =  Baloyi 
| title                          = Baloyi Mathebula Nyimba ya khalanga
| image                      = [[File:Coats of arms of None.svg||125px]]
| caption                    = '''&quot;Vaka ncila a va ololi&quot;'''
| reign                        = Barodzwi,Valozi,Valozwi,Valoyi; Baloyi
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Chibabele]]{{·}} [[Chibuto]]{{·}}[[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Hokwe]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                   =  &lt;small&gt;[[Malelane]]{{·}}[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe               =  
| Ntlawa                     = N'walungu
}}

Va ka Baloyi, Kumbe Varodzwi va tumbuluka etikweni ra Zimbabwe  vatukulu va Changameri Dombo Hosi ya Varodzwi. Lowu i muti lowu tivekaka eka miti ya Vatsonga. Namuntlha kuna Miti mimbiri yaka Makhuva na Nwamitwa lava nga miti leyintsongo eka lowu wa vatukulu va Changamire vanga Tinhloko ta Muti wa vuhosi lowu yimeleke hi Madanci Xidlavuta Changamire Baloyi.

== Xithopo 
Khalanga, mthondolovhana,munyayi, vale   ncila a va ololi, loko vo olola wa tshoveka, va olola hi xigombo sangweni, 
va ma khandziya hi murhi ma ehla hi rhavi, va ma dyela ntshaveni. Mathevula,  Valoyi

== Matimu ya muti ==
Va ka Baloyi va huma eka N'wa-Hlongeni (A xihaheni). Vatekeriwe vukosi bya vona hileswi vakokwa-xinuna wa vona, va nyikeke Mabhunu swibhamu leswi a vaswikume hinkarhi wa nyimpi ya Mabhunu na Manghezi. Va aka tiko va le ka Bhungeni va ale ku fumiwa hi N'wa-Xivambu hi leswi a ari hosi ya n'wansati. (Xiyenge lexi axi hetisekanga hikuva Varodzwi ava zanga va tekeriwa Vuhosi. Va longoloke kuya fika eMozambique laha ku nga huma nyimba ya Makhuva na Nwamitwa. Namuntlha vatukulu va Changamire va kumeka ePitori vanga ndyanngu ya Vukosi leswi va nga hangalaka Afrika Dzonga,Zimbabwe,Malawi,Botswana na Mozambique avana hosi kanmbe nhloko ya muti wa Barodzwi loya nga ntukulu wa Changamire na Gulukhulu wa nyimba ya Magulasavi hi hala kava mana wakwe i ntukulu wa Gwamba Mativula ya Munyayi. Vakulela eka vakokwa wa vona mbeleka manana loyi aari ntombhi ya Mhlengwe yaka Cawuke. Nhloko ya Muti lowu i Xidlavuta Madanci Changamire Baloyi loyi anga muyimeri kuya hi tidyondzo ta yena.
Vanwana vava ntukulu va changameri vakumeka e Afrika Dzonga eLimpopo haha  
ku nga Giyani na Malamulele
vona vativitana vana kumbe va Ntukulu va Maguxe 
Vona Veri hi vona vaka Baloyi-Maguxe

== Rhavi eka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==

Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Baloyi, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va N'walungu''' eka rixaka ra [[Vatsonga]]. Leri i rhavi Leri kulu eka ma rhavi ya mune lawa Junod a tsaleke ha wona.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt; Vaka Baloyi ahi Machangana i Vatsonga Henri Junod hi nkarhi lowu anga tsala aanga switivi leswaku Vatsonga ni Machangana ahi Nyimba yin'we.

== Swivongo leswi yelanaka ==

Swivongo leswi fambisanaka na xivongo lexi i : Mathebula, Mkansi, Makaringe, Magoveni, Munyai, Matjokana, Xilowa, lowani na Mkhalangana hileswi vanga Vakalanga. Va tumbuluka eka Nyimba ya Changamire (Cangamela) Loyi aa a fuma etolo andzhawini ya Mapungubwe namuntlha.

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xipata ==
baloyi,makaringe,xilowa. ndzi mthondolovhana wa gwamba,wa madanci,wa nengwani,wa magulasavi,wa makhuva, wa nkami, wa phangweni, wa ghulukhulu, wa changamire. ndzi ncila ava ololi loko wo olola wu ta tshoveka wu oloriwa hi mbita ya nyama, ndzi mudyi wa swipame, mudyi wa mihandzu, ndzi khandziya nsinya ndzi chika hi marhavi, ahee khalanga ahee murodzwi ahee ntukulu wa gwamba.


{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}

[[Category:Swivongo swa Xitsonga]]</text>
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|image              = [[File:Location_Albania_Europe.png|250px]]
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|area               = 28 748
|population         = 3 000 664
|year               = 2014
|density            = 104,38
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'''Albania''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Latvijas Republika'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
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{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
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|-
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|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:EU-Latvia.svg|300px]]
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A tiko ra Yuropa. 
Tsalwa leri ri hlamusela hi tiko ra le Yuropa

{{Yuropa}}

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 155 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q23495]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''Moshchena''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e Dzongeni wa vuxa dyambu bya [[Ukraine]]. Muganga lowu wuni kwalomu ka 581 wa va aka tiko (kusukela hi 2010).</text>
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{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot; width:100%; margin-bottom:0; background:{{{info-background|{{{2|{{{info-c|#EEE}}}}}}}}}&quot;
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{{documentation|content=This template allows adding CSS3 rules, by specifying the unprefixed selector, and it automatically adds the browser prefixes (-moz-, -ms-, -o- and -webkit-).}}

[[Category:Cross-browser compatibility templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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[[Category:Wikipedia-related user templates]]
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      <text bytes="99" sha1="0q0q6gf1ur3gby3qhuu4bgh6g5mbnxd" xml:space="preserve">Leti i tindzimi na swihlawulekisi swa tona hikuya hileswi tisekeriweke swona eka translatewiki.net.</text>
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[[Category:{{SITENAME}}|Users]]</text>
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}
/* For IE8 */
.hlist dl dl dd.hlist-last-child:after,
.hlist ol ol li.hlist-last-child:after,
.hlist ul ul li.hlist-last-child:after {
    content: &quot;)&quot;;
    font-weight: normal;
}
/* Put numbers in ordered lists */
.hlist.hnum ol li {
    counter-increment: level1;
}
.hlist.hnum ol li:before {
    content: counter(level1) &quot; &quot;;
}
.hlist.hnum ol ol li {
    counter-increment: level2;
}
.hlist.hnum ol ol li:first-child:before {
    content: &quot;(&quot; counter(level2) &quot; &quot;;
}
.hlist.hnum ol ol li:before {
    content: counter(level2) &quot; &quot;;
}

/* Unbulleted lists */
.plainlist ul {
    line-height: inherit;
    list-style: none none;
    margin: 0;
}
.plainlist ul li {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Default style for navigation boxes */
.navbox {                     /* Navbox container style */
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    width: 100%; 
    margin: auto;
    clear: both;
    font-size: 88%;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1px;
}
.navbox-inner,
.navbox-subgroup {
    width: 100%;
}
.navbox th,
.navbox-title,
.navbox-abovebelow {
    text-align: center;       /* Title and above/below styles */
    padding-left: 1em;
    padding-right: 1em;
}
th.navbox-group {             /* Group style */
    white-space: nowrap;
    /* @noflip */
    text-align: right;
}
.navbox,
.navbox-subgroup {
    background: #fdfdfd;      /* Background color */
}
.navbox-list {
    border-color: #fdfdfd;    /* Must match background color */
}
.navbox th,
.navbox-title {
    background: #ccccff;      /* Level 1 color */
}
.navbox-abovebelow,
th.navbox-group,
.navbox-subgroup .navbox-title {
    background: #ddddff;      /* Level 2 color */
}
.navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,
.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow {
    background: #e6e6ff;      /* Level 3 color */
}
.navbox-even {
    background: #f7f7f7;      /* Even row striping */
}
.navbox-odd {
    background: transparent;  /* Odd row striping */
}
table.navbox + table.navbox {  /* Single pixel border between adjacent navboxes */
    margin-top: -1px;          /* (doesn't work for IE6, but that's okay)       */
}
.navbox .hlist td dl,
.navbox .hlist td ol,
.navbox .hlist td ul,
.navbox td.hlist dl,
.navbox td.hlist ol,
.navbox td.hlist ul {
    padding: 0.125em 0;       /* Adjust hlist padding in navboxes */
}
.navbox .hlist dd,
.navbox .hlist dt,
.navbox .hlist li {
    white-space: nowrap;      /* Nowrap list items in navboxes */
    white-space: normal !ie;  /* IE &lt; 8 no-wraps entire list, so disable it */
}
.navbox .hlist dd dl,
.navbox .hlist dt dl,
.navbox .hlist li ol,
.navbox .hlist li ul {
    white-space: normal;      /* But allow parent list items to be wrapped */
}
ol + table.navbox,
ul + table.navbox {
    margin-top: 0.5em;        /* Prevent lists from clinging to navboxes */
}

/* Default styling for Navbar template */
.navbar {
    display: inline;
    font-size: 88%;
    font-weight: normal;
}
.navbar ul {
    display: inline;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.navbar li {
    word-spacing: -0.125em;
}
.navbar.mini li span {
  font-variant: small-caps;
}
/* Navbar styling when nested in navbox */
.navbox .navbar {
    display: block;
    font-size: 100%;
}
.navbox-title .navbar {
    /* @noflip */
    float: left;
    /* @noflip */
    text-align: left;
    /* @noflip */
    margin-right: 0.5em;
    width: 6em;
}

/* 'show'/'hide' buttons created dynamically by the CollapsibleTables javascript
   in [[MediaWiki:Common.js]] are styled here so they can be customised. */
.collapseButton {       
    /* @noflip */
    float: right;
    font-weight: normal;
    /* @noflip */
    margin-left: 0.5em;
    /* @noflip */
    text-align: right;
    width: auto;
}
/* In navboxes, the show/hide button balances the v·d·e links
   from [[Template:Navbar]], so they need to be the same width. */
.navbox .collapseButton {
    width: 6em;
}

/* Styling for JQuery makeCollapsible, matching that of collapseButton */
.mw-parser-output .mw-collapsible-toggle {
    font-weight: normal;
    /* @noflip */
    text-align: right;
}
.navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle {
    width: 6em;
}

/* Infobox template style */
.infobox {
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
    color: black;
    margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
    padding: 0.2em;
    /* @noflip */
    float: right;
    /* @noflip */
    clear: right;
    text-align: left;
    font-size: 88%;
    line-height: 1.5em;
}
.infobox caption {
    font-size: 125%;
    font-weight: bold;
}
.infobox td,
.infobox th {
    vertical-align: top;
}
.infobox.bordered {
    border-collapse: collapse;
}
.infobox.bordered td,
.infobox.bordered th {
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
}
.infobox.bordered .borderless td,
.infobox.bordered .borderless th {
    border: 0;
}

.infobox.sisterproject {
    width: 20em;
    font-size: 90%;
}

.infobox.standard-talk {
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;
    background-color: #f8eaba;
}
.infobox.standard-talk.bordered td,
.infobox.standard-talk.bordered th {
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;
}

/* styles for bordered infobox with merged rows */
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th {
    border: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
    border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

.infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedrow th {
    border: 0;
    border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

/* Styles for geography infoboxes, eg countries,
   country subdivisions, cities, etc.            */
.infobox.geography {
    /* @noflip */
    text-align: left;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    line-height: 1.2em; 
    font-size: 90%;
}

.infobox.geography  td,
.infobox.geography  th {
    border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
    padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;
}
.infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th {
    border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
    padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;
}

.infobox.geography .mergedrow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedrow th {
    border: 0;
    padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;
}

.infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th {
    border-top: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;
    padding: 0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;
}

.infobox.geography .maptable td,
.infobox.geography .maptable th {
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

/* Normal font styling for table row headers with scope=&quot;row&quot; tag */
.wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=row] {
    font-weight: normal;
    /* @noflip */
    text-align: left;
}

/* lists in data cells are always left-aligned */
.wikitable td ul,
.wikitable td ol,
.wikitable td dl {
    /* @noflip */
    text-align: left;
}

/* Icons for medialist templates [[Template:Listen]],
   [[Template:Multi-listen_start]], [[Template:Video]],
   [[Template:Multi-video_start]]
*/
div.listenlist {
    /* @embed */
    background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gnome_speakernotes_30px.png&quot;);
    /* @noflip */
    padding-left: 40px;
}

/* Style rules for media list templates */
div.medialist {
    min-height: 50px;
    margin: 1em;
    /* @noflip */
    background-position: top left;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
div.medialist ul {
    list-style-type: none; 
    list-style-image: none;
    margin: 0;
}
div.medialist ul li {
    padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
div.medialist ul li li {
    font-size: 91%;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Change the external link icon to an Adobe icon for all PDF files
   in browsers that support these CSS selectors, like Mozilla and Opera */
div#content a[href$=&quot;.pdf&quot;].external, 
div#content a[href*=&quot;.pdf?&quot;].external, 
div#content a[href*=&quot;.pdf#&quot;].external,
div#content a[href$=&quot;.PDF&quot;].external, 
div#content a[href*=&quot;.PDF?&quot;].external, 
div#content a[href*=&quot;.PDF#&quot;].external,
div#mw_content a[href$=&quot;.pdf&quot;].external, 
div#mw_content a[href*=&quot;.pdf?&quot;].external, 
div#mw_content a[href*=&quot;.pdf#&quot;].external,
div#mw_content a[href$=&quot;.PDF&quot;].external, 
div#mw_content a[href*=&quot;.PDF?&quot;].external, 
div#mw_content a[href*=&quot;.PDF#&quot;].external {
    /* @embed */
    background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif&quot;) no-repeat right;
    /* @noflip */
    padding-right: 18px;
}

/* Change the external link icon to an Adobe icon anywhere the PDFlink class
   is used (notably Template:PDFlink). This works in IE, unlike the above. */
div#content span.PDFlink a,
div#mw_content span.PDFlink a {
    /* @embed */
    background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif&quot;) no-repeat right;
    /* @noflip */
    padding-right: 18px;
}

/* Content in columns with CSS instead of tables [[Template:Columns]] */
div.columns-2 div.column {
    /* @noflip */
    float: left;
    width: 50%;
    min-width: 300px;
}
div.columns-3 div.column {
    /* @noflip */
    float: left;
    width: 33.3%;
    min-width: 200px;
}
div.columns-4 div.column {
    /* @noflip */
    float: left;
    width: 25%;
    min-width: 150px;
}
div.columns-5 div.column {
    /* @noflip */
    float: left;
    width: 20%;
    min-width: 120px;
}

/* Messagebox templates */
.messagebox {
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
    width: 80%;
    margin: 0 auto 1em auto;
    padding: .2em;
}
.messagebox.merge {
    border: 1px solid #c0b8cc;
    background-color: #f0e5ff;
    text-align: center;
}
.messagebox.cleanup {
    border: 1px solid #9f9fff;
    background-color: #efefff;
    text-align: center;
}
.messagebox.standard-talk {
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;
    background-color: #f8eaba;
    margin: 4px auto;
}
/* For old WikiProject banners inside banner shells. */
.mbox-inside .standard-talk,
.messagebox.nested-talk {
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;
    background-color: #f8eaba;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 2px 0;
    padding: 2px;
}
.messagebox.small {
    width: 238px;
    font-size: 85%;
    /* @noflip */
    float: right;
    clear: both;
    /* @noflip */
    margin: 0 0 1em 1em;
    line-height: 1.25em; 
}
.messagebox.small-talk {
    width: 238px;
    font-size: 85%;
    /* @noflip */
    float: right;
    clear: both;
    /* @noflip */
    margin: 0 0 1em 1em;
    line-height: 1.25em; 
    background: #F8EABA;
}

/* Cell sizes for ambox/tmbox/imbox/cmbox/ombox/fmbox/dmbox message boxes */
th.mbox-text, td.mbox-text {   /* The message body cell(s) */
    border: none; 
    /* @noflip */
    padding: 0.25em 0.9em;     /* 0.9em left/right */
    width: 100%;               /* Make all mboxes the same width regardless of text length */
}
td.mbox-image {                /* The left image cell */
    border: none; 
    /* @noflip */
    padding: 2px 0 2px 0.9em;  /* 0.9em left, 0px right */
    text-align: center; 
}
td.mbox-imageright {           /* The right image cell */
    border: none;
    /* @noflip */
    padding: 2px 0.9em 2px 0;  /* 0px left, 0.9em right */
    text-align: center; 
}
td.mbox-empty-cell {           /* An empty narrow cell */
    border: none;
    padding: 0px;
    width: 1px;
}

/* Article message box styles */
table.ambox {
    margin: 0px 10%;                  /* 10% = Will not overlap with other elements */
    border: 1px solid #aaa; 
    /* @noflip */
    border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff;  /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
    background: #fbfbfb; 
}
table.ambox + table.ambox {      /* Single border between stacked boxes. */
    margin-top: -1px;
}
.ambox th.mbox-text, 
.ambox td.mbox-text {            /* The message body cell(s) */
    padding: 0.25em 0.5em;       /* 0.5em left/right */
}
.ambox td.mbox-image {           /* The left image cell */
    /* @noflip */
    padding: 2px 0 2px 0.5em;    /* 0.5em left, 0px right */
}
.ambox td.mbox-imageright {      /* The right image cell */
    /* @noflip */
    padding: 2px 0.5em 2px 0;    /* 0px left, 0.5em right */
}

table.ambox-notice {
    /* @noflip */
    border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff;    /* Blue */
}
table.ambox-speedy {
    /* @noflip */
    border-left: 10px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
    background: #fee;                   /* Pink */
}
table.ambox-delete {
    /* @noflip */
    border-left: 10px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
}
table.ambox-content {
    /* @noflip */
    border-left: 10px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}
table.ambox-style {
    /* @noflip */
    border-left: 10px solid #f4c430;    /* Yellow */
}
table.ambox-move {
    /* @noflip */
    border-left: 10px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}
table.ambox-protection {
    /* @noflip */
    border-left: 10px solid #bba;       /* Gray-gold */
}

/* Image message box styles */
table.imbox {
    margin: 4px 10%; 
    border-collapse: collapse; 
    border: 3px solid #1e90ff;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
    background: #fbfbfb;
}
.imbox .mbox-text .imbox {  /* For imboxes inside imbox-text cells. */
    margin: 0 -0.5em;       /* 0.9 - 0.5 = 0.4em left/right.        */
    display: block;         /* Fix for webkit to force 100% width.  */
}
.mbox-inside .imbox {       /* For imboxes inside other templates.  */
    margin: 4px;
}

table.imbox-notice {
    border: 3px solid #1e90ff;    /* Blue */
}
table.imbox-speedy {
    border: 3px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
    background: #fee;             /* Pink */
}
table.imbox-delete {
    border: 3px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
}
table.imbox-content {
    border: 3px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}
table.imbox-style {
    border: 3px solid #f4c430;    /* Yellow */
}
table.imbox-move {
    border: 3px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}
table.imbox-protection {
    border: 3px solid #bba;       /* Gray-gold */
}
table.imbox-license {
    border: 3px solid #88a;       /* Dark gray */
    background: #f7f8ff;          /* Light gray */
}
table.imbox-featured {
    border: 3px solid #cba135;    /* Brown-gold */
}

/* Category message box styles */
table.cmbox {
    margin: 3px 10%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border: 1px solid #aaa; 
    background: #DFE8FF;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
}

table.cmbox-notice {
    background: #D8E8FF;    /* Blue */
}
table.cmbox-speedy {
    margin-top: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    border: 4px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
    background: #FFDBDB;          /* Pink */
}
table.cmbox-delete {
    background: #FFDBDB;    /* Red */
}
table.cmbox-content {
    background: #FFE7CE;    /* Orange */
}
table.cmbox-style {
    background: #FFF9DB;    /* Yellow */
}
table.cmbox-move {
    background: #E4D8FF;    /* Purple */
}
table.cmbox-protection {
    background: #EFEFE1;    /* Gray-gold */
}

/* Other pages message box styles */
table.ombox {
    margin: 4px 10%; 
    border-collapse: collapse; 
    border: 1px solid #aaa;       /* Default &quot;notice&quot; gray */
    background: #f9f9f9;
}

table.ombox-notice {
    border: 1px solid #aaa;       /* Gray */
}
table.ombox-speedy {
    border: 2px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
    background: #fee;             /* Pink */
}
table.ombox-delete {
    border: 2px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
}
table.ombox-content {
    border: 1px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}
table.ombox-style {
    border: 1px solid #f4c430;    /* Yellow */
}
table.ombox-move {
    border: 1px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}
table.ombox-protection {
    border: 2px solid #bba;       /* Gray-gold */
}
 
/* Talk page message box styles */
table.tmbox {
    margin: 4px 10%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; gray-brown */
    background: #f8eaba;
}
.mediawiki .mbox-inside .tmbox { /* For tmboxes inside other templates. The &quot;mediawiki&quot; class ensures that */
    margin: 2px 0;               /* this declaration overrides other styles (including mbox-small above)   */
    width: 100%;                 /* For Safari and Opera */
}
.mbox-inside .tmbox.mbox-small { /* &quot;small&quot; tmboxes should not be small when  */
    line-height: 1.5em;          /* also &quot;nested&quot;, so reset styles that are   */   
    font-size: 100%;             /* set in &quot;mbox-small&quot; above.                */
}

table.tmbox-speedy {
    border: 2px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
    background: #fee;             /* Pink */
}
table.tmbox-delete {
    border: 2px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
}
table.tmbox-content {
    border: 2px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}
table.tmbox-style {
    border: 2px solid #f4c430;    /* Yellow */
}
table.tmbox-move {
    border: 2px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}
table.tmbox-protection,
table.tmbox-notice {
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;    /* Gray-brown */
}

/* Disambig and set index box styles */
table.dmbox {
    clear: both; 
    margin: 0.9em 1em; 
    border-top: 1px solid #ccc; 
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; 
    background: transparent;
}
 
/* Footer and header message box styles */
table.fmbox {
    clear: both;
    margin: 0.2em 0;
    width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    background: #f9f9f9;     /* Default &quot;system&quot; gray */
}
table.fmbox-system {
    background: #f9f9f9;
}
table.fmbox-warning {
    border: 1px solid #bb7070;  /* Dark pink */
    background: #ffdbdb;        /* Pink */
}
table.fmbox-editnotice {
    background: transparent;
}
/* Div based &quot;warning&quot; style fmbox messages. */
div.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt,
div.mw-lag-warn-high,
div.mw-cascadeprotectedwarning,
div#mw-protect-cascadeon {
    clear: both;
    margin: 0.2em 0;
    border: 1px solid #bb7070;
    background: #ffdbdb;
    padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
}
/* Div based &quot;system&quot; style fmbox messages. 
   Used in [[MediaWiki:Readonly lag]]. */
div.mw-lag-warn-normal,
div.fmbox-system {
    clear: both;
    margin: 0.2em 0;
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    background: #f9f9f9;
    padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
}

/* These mbox-small classes must be placed after all other 
   ambox/tmbox/ombox etc classes. &quot;body.mediawiki&quot; is so 
   they override &quot;table.ambox + table.ambox&quot; above. */
body.mediawiki table.mbox-small {   /* For the &quot;small=yes&quot; option. */
    /* @noflip */
    clear: right;
    /* @noflip */
    float: right;
    /* @noflip */
    margin: 4px 0 4px 1em;
    width: 238px;
    font-size: 88%;
    line-height: 1.25em;
}
body.mediawiki table.mbox-small-left {   /* For the &quot;small=left&quot; option. */
    /* @noflip */
    margin: 4px 1em 4px 0;
    width: 238px;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-size: 88%;
    line-height: 1.25em;
}

/* Remove default styles for [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]]. */
div.noarticletext {
    border: none;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
}

/* Bold save button */
#wpSave {
    font-weight: bold;
}

/* class hiddenStructure is defunct. See [[Wikipedia:hiddenStructure]] */
.hiddenStructure {
    display: inline ! important;
    color: #f00; 
    background-color: #0f0;
}

/* suppress missing interwiki image links where #ifexist cannot
   be used due to high number of requests see .hidden-redlink on 
   [[m:MediaWiki:Common.css]]
*/
.check-icon a.new {
    display: none; 
    speak: none;
}

/* Removes underlines from certain links */
.nounderlines a,
.IPA a:link, .IPA a:visited { 
    text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* Standard Navigationsleisten, aka box hiding thingy
   from .de.  Documentation at [[Wikipedia:NavFrame]]. */
div.NavFrame {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 4px;
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    text-align: center;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-size: 95%;
}
div.NavFrame + div.NavFrame {
    border-top-style: none;
    border-top-style: hidden;
}
div.NavPic {
    background-color: #fff;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 2px;
    /* @noflip */
    float: left;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavHead {
    height: 1.6em;
    font-weight: bold;
    background-color: #ccf;
    position: relative;
}
div.NavFrame p,
div.NavFrame div.NavContent,
div.NavFrame div.NavContent p {
    font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavEnd {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    line-height: 1px;
    clear: both;
}
a.NavToggle {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    /* @noflip */
    right: 3px;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 90%;
}

/* Hatnotes and disambiguation notices */
.rellink,
.dablink {
    font-style: italic;
    /* @noflip */
    padding-left: 1.6em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.rellink i,
.dablink i {
    font-style: normal;
}

/* Allow transcluded pages to display in lists rather than a table.
   Compatible in Firefox; incompatible in IE6. */
.listify td    { display: list-item; }
.listify tr    { display: block; }
.listify table { display: block; }

/* Geographical coordinates defaults. See [[Template:Coord/link]]
   for how these are used. The classes &quot;geo&quot;, &quot;longitude&quot;, and
   &quot;latitude&quot; are used by the [[Geo microformat]].
 */
.geo-default, .geo-dms, .geo-dec  { display: inline; }
.geo-nondefault, .geo-multi-punct { display: none; }
.longitude, .latitude             { white-space: nowrap; }

/* When &lt;div class=&quot;nonumtoc&quot;&gt; is used on the table of contents,
   the ToC will display without numbers */
.nonumtoc .tocnumber { display: none; }
.nonumtoc #toc ul,
.nonumtoc .toc ul {
    line-height: 1.5em;
    list-style: none;
    margin: .3em 0 0;
    padding: 0;
}
.nonumtoc #toc ul ul, 
.nonumtoc .toc ul ul { 
    /* @noflip */
    margin: 0 0 0 2em; 
}

/* Allow limiting of which header levels are shown in a TOC;
   &lt;div class=&quot;toclimit-3&quot;&gt;, for instance, will limit to
   showing ==headings== and ===headings=== but no further
   (as long as there are no =headings= on the page, which
   there shouldn't be according to the MoS).
 */
.toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,
.toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,
.toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,
.toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,
.toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,
.toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul {
    display: none;
}

/* Styling for Template:Quote */
blockquote.templatequote { 
     margin-top: 0; 
}
blockquote.templatequote div.templatequotecite { 
    line-height: 1em;
    /* @noflip */
    text-align: left;
    /* @noflip */
    padding-left: 2em;
    margin-top: 0;
}
blockquote.templatequote div.templatequotecite cite {
    font-size: 85%;
}

/* User block messages */
div.user-block {
    padding: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    border: 1px solid #A9A9A9;
    background-color: #FFEFD5;
}

/* Prevent line breaks in silly places: 
   1) Where desired
   2) Links when we don't want them to
   3) Bold &quot;links&quot; to the page itself
   4) HTML formulae
   5) Ref tags with group names &lt;ref group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt; --&gt; &quot;[Note 1]&quot;
*/
.nowrap,
.nowraplinks a,
.nowraplinks .selflink,
span.texhtml,
sup.reference a { 
    white-space: nowrap;
}

/* For template documentation */
.template-documentation {
    clear: both;
    margin: 1em 0 0 0;
    border: 1px solid #aaa; 
    background-color: #ecfcf4; 
    padding: 1em;
}

/* Inline divs in ImageMaps (code borrowed from de.wiki) */
.imagemap-inline div {
    display: inline;
}

/* Increase the height of the image upload box */
#wpUploadDescription {
    height: 13em;
}

/* Minimum thumb width */
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Thumb'],
figure[typeof~='mw:File/Frame'],
.thumbinner {
    min-width: 100px;
}
 
/* The backgrounds for galleries. */
div#content .gallerybox div.thumb {
    background-color: #F9F9F9;   /* Light gray padding */
}
/* Put a chequered background behind images, only visible if they have transparency
   Remove '.filehistory a img' and '#file img:hover' once 1.19 is deployed */
.gallerybox .thumb img,
.filehistory a img,
#file img:hover {
    /* @embed */
    background: white url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png&quot;) repeat;
}
/* But not on articles, user pages, portals or with opt-out. */
.ns-0 .gallerybox .thumb img,
.ns-2 .gallerybox .thumb img,
.ns-100 .gallerybox .thumb img, 
.nochecker .gallerybox .thumb img {
    background: white;
}

/* Category tree */
#mw-subcategories ul {
    list-style: none none;
    margin-left: 0.25em;
}
.CategoryTreeChildren {
    margin-left: 1.25em;
}

/* Prevent floating boxes from overlapping any category listings,
   file histories, edit previews, and edit [Show changes] views */
#mw-subcategories, #mw-pages, #mw-category-media, 
#filehistory, #wikiPreview, #wikiDiff {
    clear: both;
}

/* Selectively hide headers in WikiProject banners */
.wpb .wpb-header             { display: none; }
.wpbs-inner .wpb .wpb-header { display: block; }     /* for IE */
.wpbs-inner .wpb .wpb-header { display: table-row; } /* for real browsers */
.wpbs-inner .wpb-outside     { display: none; }      /* hide things that should only display outside shells */

/* Styling for Abuse Filter tags */
.mw-tag-markers {
    font-family:sans-serif;
    font-style:italic;
    font-size:90%;
}

/* Hide stuff meant for accounts with special permissions. Made visible again in [[MediaWiki:Group-sysop.css]] and [[MediaWiki:Group-accountcreator.css]]. */
.sysop-show, .accountcreator-show {
    display: none;
}

/* Remove bullets when there are multiple edit page warnings */
ul.permissions-errors &gt; li {
    list-style: none;
}
ul.permissions-errors {
    margin: 0;
}

/* No linewrap on the labels of the login/signup page */
body.page-Special_UserLogin .mw-label label,
body.page-Special_UserLogin_signup .mw-label label { white-space : nowrap; }

/* Disable the automatic text-size adjust of WebKit on iPhones etc.
   It scales some text, and not the other. Use none, or fixed percentage instead.
   Use media selector, because defining a value, overwrites platform defaults. */
@media only screen and (max-device-width: 480px) {
    body {
        -webkit-text-size-adjust: none;
    }
}

/* Pie chart test: Transparent borders */
.transborder {
    border: solid transparent;
}
* html .transborder {  /* IE6 */
    border: solid #000001;
    filter: chroma(color=#000001);
}

/* Fix so &lt;syntaxhighlight&gt; tags and .css and .js pages get normal text size.
   [[Bugzilla:26204]] */
div.mw-geshi div,
div.mw-geshi div pre,
span.mw-geshi,
pre.source-css,
pre.source-javascript {
    font-family: monospace, Courier !important;
}

/* Reduce excess space between category links.
   Remove this when bug 31547/r100869 is resolved/deployed */
#catlinks {
    line-height: 1.25em;
}
#catlinks li {
    line-height: 1.25em;
    margin: 0.125em 0;
    padding: 0 0.5em;
}
#catlinks li:first-child {
    padding-left: 0.25em;
}

/* Fix styling of transcluded prefindex tables */
table#mw-prefixindex-list-table,
table#mw-prefixindex-nav-table {
    width: 98%;
}


/* BREADCRUMB CODE FOR THE ACCOUNT CREATION PROCESS */
 
.breadcrumb {
    list-style: none;
    overflow: hidden;
    font: 14px Helvetica, Arial, Sans-Serif;
}
.breadcrumb li {
    float: left;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}
.breadcrumb li a {
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 10px 0 10px 45px;
    position: relative;
    display: block;
    float: left;
}
.breadcrumb li a:after,
.breadcrumb li a:before {
    content: &quot; &quot;;
    display: block;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-top: 50px solid transparent;           /* Go big on the size, and let overflow hide */
    border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    margin-top: -50px;
    left: 100%;
    z-index: 2;
} 
.breadcrumb li a:before {
    border-left: 31px solid white;
    margin-left: 1px;
    z-index: 1;
}
.breadcrumb li:first-child a {
    padding-left: 20px;
}
.currentcrumb a {
    background: #069;
}
.currentcrumb a:after {
    border-left: 30px solid #069;
}
.currentcrumb a:hover, .prevcrumb a:hover, .nextcrumb a:hover {
    background: #002d44;
}
.currentcrumb a:hover:after, .prevcrumb a:hover:after, .nextcrumb a:hover:after {
    border-left-color: #002d44 !important;
}
.prevcrumb a {
    background: #396;
}
.prevcrumb a:after {
    border-left: 30px solid #396;
}
.nextcrumb a {
    background: #999;
}
.nextcrumb a:after {
    border-left: 30px solid #999;
}

/* Makes it possible for the boxes in the Account Creation Process to overlap */
#userlogin {
    margin: 0;
    width: 90% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    padding: 1.5em;
    padding-top: 0.75em !important;
    border: 0;
    -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
    -moz-border-radius: 7px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 7px;
    border-radius: 7px;
    background: white;
    background: #fff;
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #fff 90%, #F5F5F5 100%);
    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(90%,#fff), color-stop(100%,#F5F5F5));
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #fff 90%,#F5F5F5 100%);
    background: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #fff 90%,#F5F5F5 100%);
    background: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #fff 90%,#F5F5F5 100%);
    background: linear-gradient(bottom, #fff 90%,#fff 100%);
}

/* Hides the longer title for the listed pages */
body.page-MediaWiki:Customusertemplate-ACP1-Fancycaptcha-createaccount #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki:Customusertemplate-ACP1-Welcomecreation #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Welcomecreation #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_History_Copyediting #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Which_skills_do_you_have_to_offer #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Geography_Copyediting #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Technology_Organizing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Technology_Searching_the_web #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Technology_Research_Writing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Technology_Copyediting #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Biology_Organizing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Biology_Searching_the_web #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Biology_Research_Writing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Biology_Copyediting #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_History_Organizing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_History_Searching_the_web #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_History_Research_Writing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Arts_Organizing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Arts_Searching_the_web #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Arts_Research_Writing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Arts_Copyediting #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Mathematics_Organizing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Mathematics_Searching_the_web #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Mathematics_Research_Writing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Mathematics_Copyediting #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Geography_Organizing #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Geography_Searching_the_web #firstHeading,
body.page-MediaWiki_Customusertemplate-ACP2-Be_a_part_of_Wikipedia_Geography_Research_Writing #firstHeading {
    display: none !important;
}

/* For portals, added 2011-12-07 -bv */
/* On wide screens, show these as two columns */
/* On narrow and mobile screens, let them collapse into a single column */
.portal-column-left {
    float: left;
    width: 50%;
}
.portal-column-right {
    float: right;
    width: 49%;
}
.portal-column-left-wide {
    float: left;
    width: 60%;
}
.portal-column-right-narrow {
    float: right;
    width: 39%;
}
.portal-column-left-extra-wide {
    float: left;
    width: 70%;
}
.portal-column-right-extra-narrow {
    float: right;
    width: 29%;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 800px) {
    /* Decouple the columns on narrow screens */
    .portal-column-left,
    .portal-column-right,
    .portal-column-left-wide,
    .portal-column-right-narrow,
    .portal-column-left-extra-wide,
    .portal-column-right-extra-narrow {
        float: inherit;
        width: inherit;
    }
}

/* For announcements */
#bodyContent .letterhead {
    background-image:url('//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Tan-page-corner.png');
    background-repeat:no-repeat;
    padding: 2em;
    background-color: #faf9f2;
}</text>
      <sha1>e1xlez3nkusu5qbbay72zksn2x09lkp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Main Page interwikis</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>21675</id>
      <timestamp>2012-05-12T17:36:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;[[simple:]] [[ar:]] [[id:]] [[ms:]] [[bg:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[et:]] [[el:]] [[es:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[eu:]] [[fa:]] [[fr:]] [[gl:]] [[ko:]] [[he:]...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>21675</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="416" sha1="4edojn7m6g3iy3k22fi8q9hcv86kysl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;[[simple:]] [[ar:]] [[id:]] [[ms:]] [[bg:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[et:]] [[el:]] [[es:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[eu:]] [[fa:]] [[fr:]] [[gl:]] [[ko:]] [[he:]] [[hr:]] [[it:]] [[lt:]] [[hu:]] [[nl:]] [[ja:]] [[no:]] [[nn:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sh:]] [[fi:]] [[sv:]] [[th:]] [[vi:]] [[tr:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4edojn7m6g3iy3k22fi8q9hcv86kysl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Article Feedback Blacklist</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>3527</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21676</id>
      <timestamp>2012-05-12T17:38:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;This catergory will be corrected later&quot;</comment>
      <origin>21676</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="iw51k9a0lg2jvw0co7igmezr44qrczs" xml:space="preserve">This catergory will be corrected later</text>
      <sha1>iw51k9a0lg2jvw0co7igmezr44qrczs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Today's featured picture</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3528</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34489</id>
      <parentid>30703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-09-22T07:24:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <origin>34489</origin>
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      <text bytes="8606" sha1="6xpyvaa6njif56c090ixe4d99qkq5e5" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch: {{CURRENTDAY}}
 |0=[[File:Slaves ruvuma.jpg|center|300px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Mahlonga loko matekiwa eRvuma etikweni ra Tanzaniya.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |1=[[File:HJ-2-P477.png|center|175px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Nhenha ya Mutsonga wale xipilongo. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |2=[[File:HJ-2-P428.png|center|325px]][[File:HJ-2-P420.png|center|200px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''swilombyana kumbe mirhi na vuhlalu bya Xitsonga. Swifaniso leswi swi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |3=[[File:HJ-2-P253.png|center|200px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Timbila i xichayani xa Xitsonga lexi humesaka mpfumawulo wofana na Piyano naswona xina tinoti ta khume ntsena. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |4=[[File:HJ-2-P115.png|center|325px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Vavasati vale ku thlokoleni mavele hi musi na tshuri. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |5=[[File:HJ-2-P114.png|center|175px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Nkambana na swipunu leswi vatliweke. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |6=[[File:HJ-2-P107.png|center|150px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Swinkwamana na mindzheko ya Xitsonga. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |7=[[File:HJ-2-P104.png|center|350px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Ndzheko wa Xitsonga, lowu a wu tirhiseriwa ku hoxa swakudya leswi tshoveriweke emasin'wini. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |8=[[File:HJ-2-P101.png|center|300px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Mufana wale xipilongo na swimun'hwana swayena swa vumba. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |9=[[File:HJ-2-P97.png|center|300px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Wansati na xihiso xa yena xo tiyisa makhuwana. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |10=[[File:HJ-2-P85.png|center|175px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Vuvatli na vuhori bya Xitsonga. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |11=[[File:HJ-2-P44.png|center|300px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Xitirhisiwa xo kamela chukela ra mimova. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |12=[[File:HJ-2-P27.png|center|300px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Mfunge i xiyindlwana lexi akiwaka leswaku ku vekiwa mavele lama tshoveriweke. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |13=[[File:HJ-1-P465.png|center|300px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Yindlu ya Hosi Muhlava e thabina e n'walungu-vuxa bya khale ka Transvaal. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 2 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |14=[[File:Joburg top.jpg|center|320px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''[[joni|Joni]] idorobha lerikulu e[[Gauteng|Gauteng]]. Hirona lerikulu ku tlula hinkwawo madorobha e[[Afrika Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]].''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |15=[[File:HJ-1-P16.png|center|185px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Mepe wa tinxaka ta Vatsonga, leswi ava hangalakise swona hi lembe ra kwalomu ka 1900. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |16=[[File:HJ-1-P427.png|center|200px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Mathlarhi ya Xitsonga. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |17=[[File:HJ-1-P399.png|center|200px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Hosi muhlava wale n'walungu-vuxa bya khale ka Transvaal. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |18=[[File:HJ-1-P395.png|center|350px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Hosi Sunduza na huvo ya yena en'walungu-vuxa bya khale ka Transvaal. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |19=[[File:HJ-1-P304.png|center|280px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Vavasati va le xipilongo, va thlokola leswaku vata sweka swakudya swa namadyambu. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |20=[[File:HJ-1-P260.png|center|400px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Tihomu tin'wa mati enkoveni. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |21=[[File:HJ-1-P176.png|center|200px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Ndlela yo endla vuhlolo byohambana hambana. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |22=[[File:HJ-1-P171.png|center|200px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Swinhwanyetana swi veleke tindzisana ta swona. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |23=[[File:HJ-1-P141.png|center|330px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Sirha ra Sokisi, n'wanuna wa le Rikatla. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |24=[[File:HJ-1-P139.png|center|300px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Xifaniso xa sirha ra murhonga. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |25=[[File:HJ-1-P81.png|center|420px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Xikolo xo yimba en'walungu-vuxa bya khale ka Transvaal . Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |26=[[File:HJ-1-P62.png|center|400px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Vafana varisa tihomu. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |27=[[File:HJ-1-P48.png|center|230px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Mihlembetwana ya milombyana. Yitirhiseriwa ku khoma mirhi yo tshungula. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |28=[[File:HJ-1-P44.png|center|115px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''N'wansati u veleke n'wana hi ntehe. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |29=[[File:HJ-1-P32.png|center|250px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Xifaniso xa nhenha ya Xitsonga. Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a south african tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |30=[[File:Oprente Trommel der Firma djembe-shop aus Tweneboa Holz.jpg|center|155px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Xigubhu xa le nkaveni ya tinkonkulu ra Afrika''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 |31=[[File:Giyani.JPG|center|400px]]&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Giyani i khale ka dorobha ra tikoxikaya ra Gazankulu''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Swifaniso swasiku|Vona swifaniso swin'wana leswi hlawuriweke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Featured list</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3531</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21710</id>
      <parentid>21709</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-05-14T17:10:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="830" sha1="r9zvq21gp5uyqylfyctncvgmdz0symq" xml:space="preserve">; Nxaxamelo wa matsalwa lawa unga matsakelaka eka wikipediya leyi ya xitsonga 
[[Xitsonga|Ririmi ra Xitsonga]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[Topic:History|Matimu]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[Xitsonga-Media|Xitsonga na vuhaxi]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[Sciences|Ntivo vuthlarhi]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[Folklore|Migaringani]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[Swivongo swa Xitsonga|Swivongo]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[Portal:Africa|Tiko-nkulu ra Afrika]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]]&amp;nbsp;·

; Matluka lawa ma ha lavekaka eka wikipediya leyi ya xitsonga 
[[meta:List of articles all languages should have|Matluka ya nkoka eka tindzimi hinkwato]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[Wikipedia:Vital articles|Matluka ya nkoka swinene (1000)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[Wikipedia:Vital 100|Matluka ya nkoka swinene (100)]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[:en:Multilingual coordination|Tindzimi leti tirhisanaka]]&amp;nbsp;·
[[m:How to start a new wikipedia|Sungula wikipediya yintswa]]&amp;nbsp;·</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Did you know</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3532</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30737</id>
      <parentid>30736</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T05:28:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
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      <text bytes="3828" sha1="j26wb274iutdj3fiofg3gm7j8p3bg88" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch: {{CURRENTDOW}}
 |0=&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:South Africa 2001 Tsonga speakers proportion map.svg|100px|Swifundza swa laha Afrika-Dzonga laha ku vulavuriwaka Xitsonga]]&lt;/div&gt;
'''[[Xitsonga|Xitsonga]]''' i ririmi leri vulavuriwaka e[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika-Dzonga]] hi vanhu lava kwalomu ka -1&amp;nbsp;992&amp;nbsp;201 (Hikuya hi nhlayo ya tiko ya lembe ra-2001). Lowu i nkatsakanyo wa tinhlayo ta mfumo. Xirho xa mfumo xihlavutele hi tinhlayo. 
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Xitsonga|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
 |1=&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:The visit of the wise-men.jpg|100px|khisimusi.]]&lt;/div&gt;
'''[[Khisimusi|khisimusi]]''' i nkarhi lowu tsakeriwaka ngopfu hi maninamani emisaveni hinkwayo. Nkarhi lowu wu hlanganisa maxaka na mindyangu, laha swirho swa mindyangu leswi tshamake ekule swi kotaka ku hlangana swivonana endzawini yin'we. eka va kreste votala lri i siku ra ku tswariwa ka Yesu kreste. Loko siku leri ri tshinela hi vona ku xongisiwa ka mapatu na ti ndlela ku hlanganisa na mavhengele. 
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Khisimusi|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
 |2=&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:Shangaan-retouch.png|100px|Ndhavuko.]]&lt;/div&gt;
'''24 wa Ndzhati''' isiku ra kuxiximiwa no tlangela ndavuko etikweni ra [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika-Dzonga]], laha ku un'wana na un'wana a hlohloteriwaka ku tsundzuka ndhavuko wa yena n'wini. Exifundzeni xa le Natala, siku leri a ri tsundzukiwa tani hi siku ra Hosi Xaka Zulu. 
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Ndzhavuko|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
 |3=&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:Happiness.jpg|100px|Ina kumbe Ee]]&lt;/div&gt;
'''Kuhlakahla nhloko''' loko hi pfumela kumbe ku kaneta leswi hi swiyingiseke swi hlamuseriwe ro sungula hi Charle Darwin. U fanise mikhuva ya n'wana loyi a deyaka. Ina u yelana na ku hlakahla nhloko emahlweni na le ndzhaku, swi yelana na ku lava vele.Ee yi yelana na ku hlakahla nhoko ka n'wana loko a xurhe vele. 
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[N'wana|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
 |4=&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:PeanutButter.jpg|100px|Xigugu]]&lt;/div&gt;
'''Xigugu''' kumbe botere ya timanga, iswakudya leswi Vatsonga va swi tsakelaka na swona a xikhomiwa hi munhu loyi angata teka ri endzo ro leha. Botere ya timanga i hleketeleriwa leswaku vanhu vasungule ku yitirhisa hikwalomo ka 1000 wa malembe kungasi tswariwa hosi yesu. 
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Xigugu|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
 |5=&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:Krunkwerke - IMG 4515 (by-sa).jpg|100px|Rihati]]&lt;/div&gt;
'''Rihati''' imatimba ya ghezi lamatsutsumaka hi rivilo leri kulukumba, leswo loko aswikoteka ku rikongomisa, ari ta fika en'wetini tisekondi timbirhi na hafu. Rihatii ri ba kwalomu ka ndzana wa minkarhi hi sekondi yin'wana na yin'wana emisaveni. Swinonohwa ngopfu leswaku rihati ribha munhu hi kukongoma. Swa koteka leswaku rihati ribha eka ndzhawu yin'we kambirhi. 
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Rihati|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
 |6=&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:Double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg|100px|Kwangalatilo]]&lt;/div&gt;
'''Kwangala tilo''' i mivala leyivoniwaka exibhakabhakeni loko ku heta kuna mpfula. Vanhu ava hleketa leswaku mikwangalatilo a yi endleki navusiku. Rivoningo ra n'wetiraswikota ku endla kwangalatilo navusiku, kambe swilaveko swa kona swi tele. 
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[kwangalatilo|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Featured Article</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21731</id>
      <timestamp>2012-05-15T12:43:02Z</timestamp>
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        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;!-- In the interim this Template will be used for rotating feautured article until a proper archiving method has been developed --&gt; {{#switch: {{CURRENTDOW}}  |0={{Featured-A...&quot;</comment>
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In the interim this Template will be used for rotating feautured article until a proper archiving method has been developed
--&gt;
{{#switch: {{CURRENTDOW}}
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Featured-Article-0</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3535</id>
    <revision>
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      <text bytes="817" sha1="ptb43sundf0yp0chpvesjbedtsikubg" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Tsonga_languages_and_dialects.jpg|thumbnail|left|130px|'''Vatsonga''']] 
'''Vatsonga''' i rixaka ra mimfumu na swivongo swo hambana-hambana lava va kumekaka etikweni ra Afrika. Vatsonga va kumeka ngopfu e [[Afrika Dzonga]], hi laha rixaka ra Vatsonga ri nga hetelela ri tshama hi ku rhula tani hi rixaka leri ri tivekaka ri ri Vatsonga. Vatsonga i vanhu lava va vulavulaka ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]].
 
Mutsonga namuntlha wa swi kota ku langha ku dyondza Xitsonga exikolweni; ririmi ra manana ra yelana hambi kuri exikolweni kumbe mavulavulelo ya le kaya, kambe van'wani va tsakela ku antswisa vutivi hi ndlela ya vudyondzisi bya matimu ya Xitsonga ni ku ti antswisela hi ririmi ro hlantsweka.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Vatsonga|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Featured-Article-1</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3536</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30815</id>
      <parentid>29061</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-08T06:23:37Z</timestamp>
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        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="861" sha1="svtazzw9f6g0cqqwm7bd7trkku1a1g8" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Hans_Rottenhammer_-_Allegory_of_the_Arts_-_WGA20147.jpg|thumbnail|left|130px|'''Hans Rottenhammer''']] 
'''Ta Vutshila''' ti yimela kutiphofula ka matitwele, naswona hakanyingi ti hlohloteriwa hi [[Ndzhavuko|ndzhavuko]] ivi tithlela ti hlohlotela ku cinca ka ndhavuko. Mintlawa-nkulu ya ta vutshila yi hlanganisa Matsalwa - lama hlanganisaka Vuthlokovetseri, tinovhele na Mintlangu yo koma; Mintlangu-Vutshila - exikarhi ka yona kuna vuyimbeleri, ncino, na mintlango ya le rivaleni; Vutshila bya vusweki byi hlanganisa kubhaka, ku sweka vulombe na ku vhuvela Wayini; Vutshila bya Mahungu tani hi kuteka swinepe na ku rhekhoda filimi, ivi ku hetelela hi ntlawa wa Vutshila bya leswi voniwaka - byi hlanganisa kupfapfarhuta na vuvatli.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Vutshila|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3537</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30816</id>
      <parentid>28343</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-08T06:24:04Z</timestamp>
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        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="695" sha1="pm97fbs9m9b910xt59ixi8725yxdu1g" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Gungunhana.jpg|thumbnail|left|130px|'''Nghunghunyana''']] 
'''Hosi Mdungazwe Nghunghunyana Nxumalo''' ([[1850]] - [[1906]]), hosi yo hetelela ya mfumo wa le kaGaza( e [[Mozambique|mozambhiki]])
laha a fumeke kusukela hi lembe ra 1884 kuya e ka lembe ra 1895. Mdungazwe i hosana ya muti wa ka Dlamini. Nghonyama ya Gaza
(tani hi leswi a a tivewa ha kona) yi yi kote ku tiyisa mfumo wa kaGaza, hi ku tirhisa mano na vutsila bya vuthu rakwe ra 
nyimpi nkarhi wo ringana malembe yo tlulanyana makume nkombo-nthlanu (75) a nga si khotsiwa hi ka ntsikelelo wa maphutukezi.

&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Nghunghunyana|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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    <title>Template:Featured-Article-3</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3538</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30817</id>
      <parentid>28352</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-08T06:24:39Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="791" sha1="296tncpvbb636h1m1daj5qlpwtah0j6" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Nelson Mandela.jpg|thumbnail|left|130px|'''Nelson Mandela''']] 
'''Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela'''(xolíɬaɬa mandéːla; loyi a tswariweke hi 18 Mawuwani 1918) i khale ka Presidenti ya [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]], i wo sungula ku hlawuriwa eka nhlawulo wa xi demokrasi lowu yimeleka vanhu hinkavo. Angasi hlawuriwa , Mandela a a lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu(apartheid) tani hi murhangeri wa African National Congress na vuthu ra nyimpi leri tiviweke hi ra Umkhonto we Sizwe. U hete 27&amp;nbsp;wa malembe e khotsweni, yo tala ya wona e Xihlaleni xa Robben, ehenhla ko voniwa milandzu leyi hlanganisaka ku kavanyeta matirhele ya mfumo wa xi hlawu-hlawu. 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Nelson Mandela|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="720" sha1="hotildixdi30ef89n3pqiaehsiw1j8q" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:E.P. Ndhambi.png|thumbnail|left|130px|'''E.P Ndhambi''']] 
'''Etienne Penyisi Ndhambi''' (''9 [[Hukuri]] 1912 - †  09 [[Ndzhati]] 1986'') A ari mutsari wa tibuku ta xitsonga leti hlanganisaka swiphato, swithlokovetselo na tinovele to hlaya, naswona utiveka ngopfu hi novhele ya yena leyi ayitsheke ''&quot;Mambuxu&quot;''. U tlakusile ta ririmi ra Xitsonga hi ku va xirho xa Xitsonga Langauge Board ku sukela hi 1960 ku fikela 1972. U tekiwa tani hi un'wana wa vatswari va matsalwa ya xitsonga naswona u gingirikele matswalwa ya Xitsonga kuya fikela emakumu ka vutomi bya yena laha misaveni.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Etienne P Ndhambi|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Featured-Article-6</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3540</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30820</id>
      <parentid>30582</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-08T06:25:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Template:Featured-Article-6]]&quot; ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>30820</origin>
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      <text bytes="589" sha1="3d27bkk2tpnxc15poeh1leiy8jeaifl" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Marula02.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px|'''Nkanyi''']] 
'''''Nkanyi''''', (''Sclerocarya birrea'') i nsinya lowu kumekaka ekhwatini ra Miombo e dzongeni ra Afrika, evupela-dyambu bya Afrika, nale [[Madagascar]]. Nsinya lowu wu kula wu anamisa marhavi ya wona. Mihandzu ya wona yi tirhisiwa ku endla byala bya xitsonga lebyi vuriwaka Vukanyi na bya xilungu lebyi vuriwaka Amarula. Nsinya lowu wu rhandziwa ngopfu hi vanhu lava a va ake e tinzhawini ta le kusuhi ni mati.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Nkanyi|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3d27bkk2tpnxc15poeh1leiy8jeaifl</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Featured-Article-4</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3541</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30818</id>
      <parentid>30704</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-08T06:25:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Template:Featured-Article-4]]&quot; ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite))</comment>
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      <text bytes="1194" sha1="79nrtly2y9inwihv8eeklqflurwu699" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Henri_A_Junod.jpg|thumbnail|left|130px|'''Henri-Alexandre Junod''']] 
'''Henri-Alexandre Junod''' (''kumbe Henri A. Junod''; [[17. Mudyaxihi]] [[1863]] - † [[22. Mudyaxihi]] [[1934]]) a ri murhumiwa wa vukhongeri bya vuphurostentanti bya le [[France|Furwa]] na swona u tiveka ngopfu hi ntirho wa yena e xikarhi ka [[Vatsonga]] e n'walungu wa [[Afrika-Dzonga]] na le [[Mozambique|muzambhiki]]. Hambi leswi a loveke ari e Geneva, xileriso xa yena xo hetelela a kuri ku ya vekiwa e kaya rakwe ra makumo e Rikatla e tikweni ra [[Mozambique|Muzambhiki]].

Nkulukumba Junod u tiveka ngopfu hi tibuku ta yena leti a ti tsaleke hi rixaka ra Vatsonga leri eka matsalwa a nga ri tsala ku i &quot;Thonga tribe&quot;. Nhlokomhaka ya ti buku ta yena yiri: '''The life of a South African tribe - Vol 1 &amp; 2'''. Hi hlanganise matsalwa ya yena na swifaniso leswikumekaka etibukwini ta yena, laha e wikipediyeni ya [[Xitsonga]]. Tibuku ta yena na ntirho wa yena a swa ha sirheleriwangi hi ximfumo hikwalaho ka leswi ku hundzeke dzana ra malembe endzhaku ko khandziyisiwa ximfumo.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[[File:Bullet go.png|12px]] '''[[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikimedia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3548</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21881</id>
      <parentid>21879</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-05-22T19:33:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <origin>21881</origin>
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      <text bytes="1128" sha1="7da1c4sdmjf2t0v70aadzzjm2dpr092" xml:space="preserve">{{Translate|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation}}
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|143px|right]]
'''Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.''' i nhlangano wale tikweni ra Amerika woka wunga bindzuli lowungana ntsindza e San Francisco, California, eAmerika. wu languteriwa ehansi ka milawu ya xifundza xale Florida, laha wu akeke kona. Nhlangano lowu wu kongomisa tiphurojeki tohambana hambana leti ngana vatirhi votirhanzela votala kuhlanganisa ; [[Wikipediya]], [[Wikt:ts:Tlukankulu|Wikixinari]], [[q:en:Main Page|Wiki-Ntshaho]], [[b:en:Main Page|Wikibuku]], [[wikisource:Main Page:English|Wiki-Xihlovo]], [[commons:Main Page|Tifayili ta wiki]], [[Wikispecies:|Wiki-Swihari]], [[n:Main Page|Wiki-Mahungu]], [[Wikiversity:|Yunivhesithi ya wiki]], kuhlaya letikulu. Phurojeki ya wona leyi tivekaka ngopfu i Wikpediya, nsawona yihlayiwa eka matluka ya inthaneti ya khume lawa ma vhakeriwak swonghasi emisaveni hinkwayo. Nhlangano wu velekiwe hiximfumo hi siku ra 20 eka nhweti ya Khotavuxika, hilembe ra 2003, yisimekiwa hi [[Jimmy Wales]], loyi a a kongomisa Wikipediya ehansi ka khampani yakwe ya '''Bomis'''.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Foundation date</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3549</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21876</id>
      <timestamp>2012-05-22T19:05:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if: {{{4|}}}   |{{#if: {{{5|}}}      |{{padleft:{{{4}}}|2|0}}:{{padleft:{{{5}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{6|}}}                                                    |&amp;#58;{...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1041" sha1="gv7yy9puklvf23fh75dyfhgipe0mkrt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if: {{{4|}}}
  |{{#if: {{{5|}}}
     |{{padleft:{{{4}}}|2|0}}:{{padleft:{{{5}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{6|}}}
                                                   |&amp;#58;{{padleft:{{{6}}}|2|0}} }},&amp;#32;}} }}&lt;!--ABOVE FOR TIME; BELOW FOR DATE
--&gt;{{#if: {{{1|}}}
     |{{#if: {{{2|}}}
        |{{#if: {{{3|}}}
           |{{#if: {{{df|}}}|{{#expr:{{{3}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}} {{#expr:{{{3}}}}},}} {{{1}}}|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}} {{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{7|}}}
              |&amp;#32;({{#ifeq: {{{7}}}|Z|UTC|{{{7}}}}})}}&lt;!-- BELOW FOR hCalendar
--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{1|}}}
  | {{{1}}}{{#if: {{{2|}}}
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--&gt;{{#if: {{{4|}}}
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        | &amp;#58;{{padleft:{{{5}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{6|}}}
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox non-profit</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3550</id>
    <revision>
      <id>21878</id>
      <parentid>21877</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-05-22T19:17:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>21878</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2840" sha1="dmoehvxr0x3wc2behxjry696ut2hyss" xml:space="preserve">{{ infobox
| bodyclass  = vcard
| titleclass = fn org
| title    = {{{name&lt;includeonly&gt;|{{{organization_name|{{{Non-profit_name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| image    = {{{image&lt;includeonly&gt;|{{{organization_logo|{{{Non-profit_logo|}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| caption  = {{{caption|}}}

| label1   = Founder(s)
| data1    = {{{founder&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label2   = Type
| data2    = {{{type&lt;includeonly&gt;|{{{organization_type|{{{Non-profit_type|}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| class2   = category
| label3   = Tax ID No.
| data3    = {{{tax_id&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label4   = Registration No.
| data4    = {{{registration_id&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label5   = Founded
| data5    = {{{formation&lt;includeonly&gt;|{{{founded|{{{founded_date|}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| class6   = label
| label6   = Location
| data6    = {{{location&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label7   = Coordinates
| data7    = {{{coordinates&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label8   = Origins
| data8    = {{{origins&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label9   = Key people
| data9    = {{{key_people&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label10   = Area served
| data10    = {{{area_served&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label11   = [[Product (business)|Products]]
| data11    = {{{products&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label12  = Services
| data12   = {{{services&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label13  = Focus
| data13   = {{{focus&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| class13  = category
| label14  = Mission
| data14   = {{{mission&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label15  = Method
| data15   = {{{fields&lt;includeonly&gt;|{{{method|}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}&lt;!-- Not sure if &quot;fields&quot; is the same that &quot;method&quot; --&gt;
| label16  = Revenue
| data16   = {{{revenue&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label17  = Endowment
| data17   = {{{endowment&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label18  = Volunteers
| data18   = {{{num_volunteers&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label19  = Employees
| data19   = {{{num_employees&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label20  = Members
| data20   = {{{num_members&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label21  = Subsidiaries
| data21   = {{{subsid&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label22  = Owner
| data122   = {{{owner&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| class23  = note
| label23  = Motto
| data23   = {{{motto&lt;includeonly&gt;|{{{organization_motto|{{{Non-profit_slogan|{{{non-profit_slogan|}}}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label24   = Formerly called
| data24    = {{{former name&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label25  = Website
| data25   = {{{homepage&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| label26  = Dissolved
| data26   = {{{extinction&lt;includeonly&gt;|{{{dissolved|}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}

| below      = {{#if:{{{footnotes&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}|'''References:''' {{{footnotes}}} }}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Afrika</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3565</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32175</id>
      <parentid>31984</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:01:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed image</comment>
      <origin>32175</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="255" sha1="8ej4si5nelduwk0gcmrsivhseujsz8a" xml:space="preserve">{{navbox|
|list1={{Myaf}}
|name={{BASEPAGENAME}}
|state=
|title=&lt;div&gt;[[File:Africa_(orthographic projection).svg|55px|right|]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Matiko ya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[[Afrika]]&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|width=20em
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      <sha1>8ej4si5nelduwk0gcmrsivhseujsz8a</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Republic of the Congo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3566</id>
    <redirect title="Riphabliki ya Congo" />
    <revision>
      <id>22105</id>
      <parentid>22101</parentid>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:42:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Riphabliki ya Congo]]</comment>
      <origin>22105</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33" sha1="mite0gkjzhf7jiaw8pt5pfgrkaldjz2" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Riphabliki ya Congo]]</text>
      <sha1>mite0gkjzhf7jiaw8pt5pfgrkaldjz2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Repabliki ya Congo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3567</id>
    <redirect title="Riphabliki ya Congo" />
    <revision>
      <id>22104</id>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:41:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Repabliki ya Congo]] to [[Riphabliki ya Congo]]</comment>
      <origin>22104</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33" sha1="mite0gkjzhf7jiaw8pt5pfgrkaldjz2" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Riphabliki ya Congo]]</text>
      <sha1>mite0gkjzhf7jiaw8pt5pfgrkaldjz2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sierra Leone</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3568</id>
    <redirect title="Siyera Liyona" />
    <revision>
      <id>22108</id>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:44:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Sierra Leone]] to [[Siyera Liyona]]</comment>
      <origin>22108</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="72jgglf1m3egmccnkan2ss5u3hcwpkc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Siyera Liyona]]</text>
      <sha1>72jgglf1m3egmccnkan2ss5u3hcwpkc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ethiopia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3569</id>
    <redirect title="Topiya" />
    <revision>
      <id>22111</id>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:45:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Ethiopia]] to [[Topiya]]</comment>
      <origin>22111</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="c2qdgfahkuzke0dea7wwzkmae6k3e1u" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Topiya]]</text>
      <sha1>c2qdgfahkuzke0dea7wwzkmae6k3e1u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Central African Republic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3570</id>
    <redirect title="Afrika Wale Xikarhi" />
    <revision>
      <id>22114</id>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:46:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Central African Republic]] to [[Afrika Wale Xikarhi]]</comment>
      <origin>22114</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33" sha1="ekbvrjht3f0tl8nxxs4x108cl3nqs2c" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Afrika Wale Xikarhi]]</text>
      <sha1>ekbvrjht3f0tl8nxxs4x108cl3nqs2c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Algeria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3571</id>
    <redirect title="Algeriya" />
    <revision>
      <id>22117</id>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:47:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Algeria]] to [[Algeriya]]</comment>
      <origin>22117</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="7khkvx5l6mkq2nywp1skijvs33orkzs" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Algeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>7khkvx5l6mkq2nywp1skijvs33orkzs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eritrea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3572</id>
    <redirect title="Eritreya" />
    <revision>
      <id>22120</id>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:48:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Eritrea]] to [[Eritreya]]</comment>
      <origin>22120</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="eacfufyt3i9y6oqgccne9ycd8zb3duz" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Eritreya]]</text>
      <sha1>eacfufyt3i9y6oqgccne9ycd8zb3duz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gabon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3573</id>
    <redirect title="Gaboni" />
    <revision>
      <id>22123</id>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:48:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Gabon]] to [[Gaboni]]</comment>
      <origin>22123</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="o5fexi9zkudu5gwxwtdp6gyvivcvkiv" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Gaboni]]</text>
      <sha1>o5fexi9zkudu5gwxwtdp6gyvivcvkiv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gambia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3574</id>
    <redirect title="Gambiya" />
    <revision>
      <id>22127</id>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:49:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Gambia]] to [[Gambiya]]</comment>
      <origin>22127</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="sxyor1sa9rdphroca2ppxcm3ens1va6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Gambiya]]</text>
      <sha1>sxyor1sa9rdphroca2ppxcm3ens1va6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Guinea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3575</id>
    <redirect title="Gineya" />
    <revision>
      <id>22130</id>
      <timestamp>2012-06-05T11:49:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kijr</username>
        <id>89</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Guinea]] to [[Gineya]]</comment>
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      <comment>Kijr moved page [[Equatorial Guinea]] to [[Gineya ya le Nkaveni]]</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of Namibia'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of Namibia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Namibia.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Namibiya|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Namibiya|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationNamibia.png|300px]]
|}

'''Namibiya''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}
{{Commons}}
[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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    <title>Guinea-Bissau</title>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''República da Guiné-Bissau'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
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{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Guinea-Bissa|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Guinea-Bissa|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationGuineaBissau.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Guinea-Bissau''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

* President: Umaró Umbaló Sissoko (2020)
* Prime Minister: Geraldo Martins (2023)

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 90%; &quot; &gt;
Xana ungatsakela ku hundzuluxela Mediyawiki kusuka eka xinghezi kuya eka Xitsonga? Loko nhlamulo ya wena yiri INA, thlava nkhwekelo [http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:LanguageStats/ts lowu], kumbe u tihlanganisa na [http://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Thuvack mutirhisi loyi] a rhangelaka vuhundzuluxeri bya [http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Portal:Ts Xitsonga] eka [http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Main_Page Beta Wiki].
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      <comment>Replacing LocationVietnamKhanhHoa.png with [[File:Location_of_Khanh_Hoa_within_Vietnam.png]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:).</comment>
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|name = Nha Trang
|de = d'
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|escudo_grandaria = 
|image = [[File:Nha Trang skyline.jpg|250px|Nha Trang]]&lt;br /&gt;Nha Trang
|muganga-mfumo = 
|xifundza = 
|bamba = Bamba ra Dong Nam Bo
|muganga = 
|ndhzuwu-kuleha = 251
|altaria = ?
|nstengo = 292,988
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2010
|kutlimbana = 1450/km² (90.4/sq mi)
|web =
|situazión = [[File:Location of Khanh Hoa within Vietnam.png|250px|Nha Trang e Xifundzeni xa Khanh Hoa]]&lt;/br&gt;Nha Trang e Xifundzeni xa Khanh Hoa
}}

'''Nha Trang''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Khanh Hoa]], [[Nam Trung Bo]], e [[Vietnam]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2010, muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 392,988.

*[[:en:voy:Nha_Trang|Nha Trang - Wikivoyage]] {{en}}

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Khanh Hoa]]</text>
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|name = Ho Chi Minh City
|de = d'
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|escudo =
|escudo_grandaria = 
|image =&lt;br /&gt;Ho Chi Minh City
|muganga-mfumo = 
|xifundza = 
|bamba = Bamba ra Dong Nam Bo
|muganga = 
|ndhzuwu-kuleha =2095
|altaria = ?
|nstengo = 7,392,398
|ntsengo wa va aki = 2010
|kutlimbana = 3450/km² (90.4/sq mi)
|web =
|situazión = [[File:LocationVietnamSaiGon.png|250px|Ho Chi Minh City e Vietnam]]&lt;/br&gt;Ho Chi Minh City e Vietnam
}}

'''Ho Chi Minh City''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Dong Nam Bo]], e [[Vietnam]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2010, muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 7,392,398.

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Vietnam]]

== Ntleketlo ==

Hikwalaho ka swiyimo leswinene swa ntumbuluko, Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh ri hundzuke ntsindza wa nkoka wa swo famba [[Vietnam|eVietnam]] ni le Dzonga-vuxa bya Asia . Ku hambana na Hanoi, vutleketli bya mati eDorobeni ra Ho Chi Minh byi endla tibiliyoni nawu wa nkoka. Hi mayelana na vutleketli bya nhundzu ntsena, vutleketli bya le lwandle byi endla kwalomu ka 29% naswona vutleketli bya milambu byi endla kwalomu ka 20% wa vholumo hinkwayo hi ku tirhisa ntsindza wa doroba. Magondzo ya endla ntsena 44% wa vutleketli bya nhundzu kambe 85.6% wa vutleketli bya vakhandziyi  . Malunghana na vutleketli bya swihahampfhuka, Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Matiko ya Misava ra Tan Son Nhat i rivala ra swihahampfhuka lerikulu swinene [[Vietnam|eVietnam]] hi ku ya hi ndhawu ya xitichi xa swihahampfhuka na vuswikoti &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Có nên xây sân bay quốc tế mới ở tỉnh Hải Dương&quot;, Tạp chí Hàng không, số tháng 10 năm 2007 của Cục hàng không dân dụng Việt Nam.&lt;/ref&gt; . Hi 2006, vutleketli bya le madorobeni byi rhwale nhlayo ya 73,743 wa tithani ta nhundzu, 239 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu naswona byi layicha ni ku rhurhisa 44,341 wa tithani ta nhundzu.  Hi September 2011, doroba hinkwaro a ri ri ni timovha ta 480 473 ni swithuthuthu swa 4 883 753. &lt;ref name=&quot;giaothong2&quot;&gt;Ngô Lực Tải, ''[http://www1.mt.gov.vn/ykienatgt/print.asp?ArticleId=2576 Tìm lời giải chung cho giao thông ở Hà Nội và TP. HCM] {{Webarchive}}''. Bộ Giao thông Vận tải, 29 tháng 5 năm 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gondzo ===
Tinhlayo ta le xikarhi ka 2017 ti kombisile leswaku doroba leri ri na kwalomu ka 7.6 wa timiliyoni ta swithuthuthu (leswi endlaka 1/3 wa swithuthuthu swa tiko) na kwalomu ka 700,000 wa timovha, kasi vaaki hinkwavo i 13 wa timiliyoni  . Ku tala ka timovha ku khumba nhluvukiso [[Economy|wa ikhonomi]] naswona i yin’wana ya mintlhontlho ya doroba.

Emalembeni ya sweswinyana, switirhisiwa swa magondzo swa doroba leri swi cinciwile hi ndlela yo tala leyi hlamarisaka. Sweswi, doroba leri ri hlanganisiwe ni swifundzha swin’wana hi magondzo mambirhi lamakulu: Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh - Long Thanh - Dau Giay Expressway na Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh - Trung Luong Expressway . Ku engetela kwalaho, Magondzo ya Rixaka na Magondzo ya Gede na wona ya ndlandlamuxiwile swinene, ku fana na Nguyen Van Linh Avenue (Dzonga wa Saigon), Hanoi Highway (ku ya eBien Hoa ) na East - West Avenue na Thu Thiem Tunnel ku tsemakanya Nambu wa Saigon . Doroba ri tlhele ri vekisa eka mabuloho yo tala lamakulu ku hunguta ku famba ka mimovha ku ya etindhawini ta le makaya, hi ntolovelo Phu My Bridge, Saigon 2 Bridge na Thu Thiem Bridge . 

Ku famba ka mimovha endzeni ka doroba, hikwalaho ka ku kula ka vaaki hi xihatla, vupulani byo tsana, sisiteme ya magondzo lamatsongo... ku endla leswaku doroba ri tshama ri langutana ni swiphiqo swa ku tala ka vanhu. Doroba leri ri ni mabuloho ya 239, kambe yo tala ya wona i matsongo ku tlula ku anama ka patu, leswi vangaka swiphiqo eka timovha. A hi swona ntsena, xiphemu xa mabuloho xina tithani tale hansi kutani xiri eka xiyimo xo biha. Eka swifundzha swa le makaya, fambiselo ra magondzo ra ha ri ngopfu magondzo ya misava na maribye.

Doroba leri ri na switichi swa mabazi swa 2 swa le xikarhi ka swifundzha leswi hangalasiweke eka tinyangwa: Mien Dong, Mien Tay na switichi swo hlayanyana swa mabazi swo pfuneta eka [[Bến xe Quận 8|Xifundzha xa 8]], [[Bến xe An Sương|An Suong]] na [[Bến xe Ngã Tư Ga|Nga Tu Ga]] . Netiweke leyi yi na vuswikoti byo amukela mimovha yo tlula 1,200/siku, yi rhwala kwalomu ka 41,000 wa vakhandziyi/siku ku ya eswifundzheni swa le Dzongeni wa Xikarhi, Central Highlands, Southeast, na Mekong Delta . Tikhampani to tala ta timovha ta phurayivhete ti tlhela ti hlanganyela eku yiseni ka vakhandziyi eswitichini leswi nga riki swa ximfumo etindhawini to tala ta le ndzeni ka doroba, ekusuhi ni tindhawu to tshama eka tona ni le tisenthara ta vaendzi. Nakambe hi ku ya hi datha ku suka hi 1994, nhlayo hinkwayo ya vakhandziyi va le xikarhi ka swifundzha lava hundzaka edorobeni i kwalomu ka 106.4 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu/lembe, ku nga nhlayo leyikulu hi ku tirhisa National Highway 1 . 

=== Xiporo xa xiporo ===
Vutleketli bya swiporo swa doroba byi katsa milayeni ya le ndzeni ka doroba na tindhawu leti rhendzeleke leti lawuriwaka hi Railway Union Enterprise 3, milayeni ya le N’walungwini - Dzonga na swiyenge swi nga ri swingani swo hlawuleka swa magondzo, leswi sweswi swi nga kusuhi no yimisiwa. Ku ni switichi swimbirhi leswikulu edorobeni leri: Song Than na Saigon . Handle ka sweswo, kutlhela kuva na switichi swin’wana leswintsongo swofana na Di An, Thu Duc, Binh Trieu, Go Vap . Hikuva netiweke ya swiporo a yi hlanganisiwanga hi ku kongoma na swikepe naswona switirhisiwa i swa khale, vutleketli bya swiporo swa Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh a byi hluvukisiwanga, byi endla ntsena kwalomu ka 6% wa vholumo ya ndzhwalo na 0.6% wa vholumo ya vakhandziyi. 

=== Ndlela ya mati ===
Sweswi doroba leri ri na ndlela ya mati ya vakhandziyi exikarhi ka swifundzha, layini ya swikepe swa hydrofoil leyi hlanganisaka Ribuwa ra Nha Rong na Ribuwa ra Cau Da, Doroba ra Vung Tau . Nakambe ku ni kwalomu ka 50 wa swikepe ni swikepe leswi tirhelaka vutleketli bya vakhandziyi, laha lexikulu eka swona ku nga Cat Lai Ferry leyi hlanganisaka doroba ra Thu Duc ni xifundzha xa Nhon Trach, exifundzheni xa Dong Nai .

Ndhawu ya Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh yi na 4 wa swikepe leswikulu swa lwandle: Saigon, [[Cảng Bến Nghé|Ben Nghe]], [[Cảng Nhà Bè|Nha Be]], Tan Cang na swikepe swa milambu ya Binh Dong, Tan Thuan, Ton That Thuyet, Binh Loi, Binh Phuoc... Ribuwa ra Saigon i rin’wana ra swikepe leswikulu eVietnam, leswi endlaka 25% wa vholumo hinkwayo ya nhundzu hi ku tirhisa swikepe swa le lwandle etikweni hinkwaro. Ben Nghe Port yi kumeka ehansi ka nambu wa Saigon, 32 wa ti hectares hiku anama, total wharf ku leha 528m, yinga amukela swikepe leswingana tonnage ya 15,000 - 20,000 tons. Hambi leswi vuswikoti bya swikepe swa Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh byi nga byikulu, ku cinca exikarhi ka vutleketli bya le magondzweni, elwandle na milambu swa tika. Eka swikepe swotala swa milambu, hikokwalaho ka ku pfumaleka ka switirhisiwa, ku layicha na ku rhurhisa hi mavoko swaha laveka. 

=== Ndlela ya moya ===
Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Matiko Hinkwawo ra Tan Son Nhat ri kumeka eXifundzheni xa Tan Binh, eDorobeni ra Ho Chi Minh, timinete ta 7 ntsena ku suka exikarhi ka doroba.&amp;nbsp;km. Lexi i rivala ra swihahampfhuka leri nga tala ngopfu naswona ri na nhlayo ya le henhla ya vutleketli etikweni , i nyangwa lowukulu wa swihahampfhuka swa matiko ya misava wa Dzonga-vuxa bya Asia, laha ku nga na ku tlula 41 wa timiliyoni ta vakhandziyi lava fikaka no suka hi 2019  . Sweswi ku na 43 wa tikhamphani ta swihahampfhuka ta matiko ya misava leti pfulaka swihahampfhuka ku ya erivaleni ra swihahampfhuka leri. Theminali ya vunharhu yi ta akiwa ku engetela vuswikoti bya rivala ra swihahampfhuka ra Tan Son Nhat ku ya eka 45 wa timiliyoni ta vakhandziyi/lembe, leswi languteriweke ku sungula ku akiwa eka kotara ya vunharhu ya 2022. Eka nkarhi lowu taka, loko Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Matiko ya Misava ra Long Thanh ri hetiwile no pfuriwa, rivala leri ra swihahampfhuka ri ta rhwala nhlayo ya nkoka ya vakhandziyi ku suka eTan Son Nhat, ku pfuneta ku hunguta xiyimo xa sweswi xa ku tlula mpimo lexi heleleke. 

=== Swifambo swa mani na mani ===

Leswaku ku tlhantlhiwa swiphiqo swa vutleketli bya le madorobeni, Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh ri vekisa mali eka fambiselo ra swo famba swa mani na mani . Hi 2008, doroba leri a ri ri na 3,250 wa mabazi na 8,000 wa mathekisi, ntsena ku fikelela kwalomu ka 10% wa xilaveko xa maendzo lembe na lembe.  Ngopfungopfu, sisiteme ya mabazi leyi pfuxetiweke ku sukela hi 2002 yi tlanga xiave xa nkoka edorobeni. Hambi leswi ku nga na vuvekisi eka ku ndlandlamuxa switirhisiwa na mpfuneto eka tindlela to tala, netiweke leyi a yi tisanga vukorhokeri bya le henhla, 65% wa tindlela ti phindhiwile. Ku katsa ni netiweke ya mabazi, phurojeke ya xitimela xa le hansi ka misava xa Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh na yona ya le ku endliweni. Hi ku ya hi pulani leyi amukeriweke hi 2013, doroba ri ta va na 8 wa milayeni ya swiporo swa le madorobeni, leswi nga na ku leha hinkwako ku tlula 160 wa timitara.&amp;nbsp;km.   Ku languteriwe leswaku eku sunguleni ka 2024 , layini yo sungula ya metro ( layini ya metro ya nomboro yin'we Ben Thanh - Suoi Tien ) leyi sunguleke hi Dzivamisoko 2007 yi ta sungula ku tirha endzhaku ka malembe yo tlula 17 ya ku akiwa  . Leyi i layini ya xiporo xa le madorobeni leyi nga na xiphemu xa le henhla xa vuvekisi hinkwabyo, leyi nga na ku tlakuka ka xiphemu xa le henhla ku fika eka 2.7 wa minkarhi loko ku pimanisiwa na xiringanyeto xo sungula, ngopfungopfu ntsengo wo sungula wa 17,387 wa tibiliyoni ta VND. VND leyi lulamisiweke sweswi 43,757.15 wa tibiliyoni Xiphemu xa xipano lexi ringanaka na kwalomu ka 26,400 wa tibiliyoni koporo  . Ku engetela kwalaho, phurojeke ya ndlela ya mabazi ya le nambyeni ya Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh na yona yi kunguhatiwile no tirhisiwa. Sweswi, ndlela ya mabazi ya le nambyeni ya nomboro yin’we (Bach Dang, Xifundzha 1 - Linh Dong, Doroba ra Thu Duc) yi sungule ku tirha ku sukela hi November 25, 2017. 

=== Nomboro ya pulati ya layisense ===

==== Movha ====

* 41, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 na 59A
* 41, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 na 59D
* 41, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 na 59 C
* 41, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 na 59B
* 41, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 na 59LD.

*</text>
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    <title>Phan Thiet</title>
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'''Phan Thiet''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Khanh Hoa]], [[Nam Trung Bo]], e [[Vietnam]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2010, muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 392,988.

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'''Ben Tre''' i muganga lowu kumekaka e [[Xifundzeni xa Ben Tre]], [[Mekong Delta]], e [[Vietnam]]. Hi kuya hi Nhlayo wa vanhu wa 2010, muganga lowu, wu hlayisa Va aki va 116,000.

[[Category:Xifundzeni xa Ben Tre]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Hungary</title>
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      <comment>Infobox</comment>
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|name               = '''Magyarország'''
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|Ntsindza           = Budapest
|official_languages = 
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|population         = 9 797 561
|year               = 2017
|density            = 105
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'''Hungary''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

[[File:Agárd 009.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Lake Velence, Agárd, Hungary]]

{{Yuropa}}

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    <title>Template:Infobox Swivongo</title>
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      <text bytes="766" sha1="t3a3n9e21ujchjmrlrhgmn9rrow8x6l" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Swivongo|Xivongo]]'''  xi hlayiwa tanihi vito-nkulu ra munhu. Xivongo nakambe xi thlela xi voniwa tanihi vito ra Muti kumbe ndyangu. Xi tirhisiwa ku paluxa muti lowu munhu a humaka eka wona. Swivongo swi tirhisiwa ngopfu ku vulavula na/hi munhu wo karhi eka mindhavuko yo tala. Ndhavuko wun'wana na wun'wana wu ni swinawana swa wona swa matirhiselo ya Xivongo.

Xikongomelo xa phurojeki leyi i ku lavisisa nxaxamelo wa Swivongo swa Xitsonga, Xitshwa, Xirhonga ni swa Xicopi. Ku ya emahlweni yi ta lavisisa ku hangalaka ka swivongo leswi, hi Vundhawu ni Ririmi. Swivongo swo tala leswi kumekaka eka Xitsonga swi kona ni le ka tindzimi tin'wana to fana ni Xizulu ni Xiswazi.

&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;'''[[Swivongo|Hlaya leswi engetelekeke...]]'''&lt;/div &gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="5549" sha1="4ukqfbftg42n4uuyca7d4zc8qsclwix" xml:space="preserve">{|masangu
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''ABC'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Babangu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Baloyi]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Banyini]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Bevhula]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Bila]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Bilankulu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Chavalala]]||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Cauke|Cauke]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Cuma]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''DEF'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}}  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''GHI'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Gavaza]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Hlatshwayo]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Hlungwani]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Honwani]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||
|-  
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''JKL'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Khosa]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Kubayi]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''M''' 
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Mabunda]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot;|{{·}} [[Mabila]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot;|{{·}} [[Mahlaule]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}}  [[Makamu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}}  [[Maluleke]] 
|
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Mathonsi]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Maswanganyi]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Mathiye]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Manganyi]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Mongwe]] ||Makhayingi 
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Makhongele]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Masangu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Maphophe]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Mphambo]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Mbhalati]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Mathe]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Mthombheni]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Mthimkhulu]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Manghanghe]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Mahonisi]] ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''N'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Nkuna]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Ngoveni]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Nukeri]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Novela]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Ndubane]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Nkovani]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}Nkanyani  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||[[Ndhove]]
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''OPQ'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Phaweni]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Phakula]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''RST'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Rikhotso]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Rivisi]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Siweya]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Sundhuza]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}shisana  ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''UVW'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Vhuma]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Vhukeya]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''XYZ'''
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Xigalo]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Xilowa]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Xillenge]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Xivambu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Zitha]] ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Xirindza]] || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  || width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}}  ||

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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Україна (Oukraïna)'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Ukraine|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Ukraine|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
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|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Europe-Ukraine (disputed territory).svg|300px]]
|}

'''Ukraine''' (lang-uk - Україна, [[Romanization of Ukrainian|transliterated]]: {{lang|uk-Latn|''Ukraina''}}, IPA-uk - ʊkrɐˈjinɐ) i tiko ra Yuropa (Kyiv).


== Mintsaho ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2024-03-27T18:49:16Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Deniz Çiçin</username>
        <id>10423</id>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Рэспубліка Беларусь'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
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{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
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| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Belarus (2020–present).svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Belarus|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Belarus|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
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'''Belarus''' i tiko ra Yuropa (Minsk).

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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&lt;td style=&quot;font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em&quot;&gt;'''[[:Category:User uk|Українська мова]]''' для цього користувача є '''[[:Category:User uk-N|рідною]]'''.&lt;br&gt;Ya iya Ukraina &quot;kaman jakin kano&quot;.[[Category:User uk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User uk-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/td&gt;
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| name                       =Bila
| title                          = Mashimbye
| image                      =  [[Image:Coats of arms of None.svg||125px]]
| caption                    = 
| reign                        = 
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Phalaborwa]]{{·}}[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]{{·}}[[Malamulele]]{{·}}[[Nkowankowa]]{{·}}[[Bushbuckridge]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Chibuto]]{{·}}[[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Magudu]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]{{·}}[[Mabalane]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                   =
| Zimbabwe               =  
| Ntlawa                     = Va Bila
}}

'''Muti waka Bila''' i muti lowu vulavulaka [[Xitsonga]], naswona iva ndyangu wa Mashimbye. Iva mhlanhlandlela va dyi va timanga. I timbeva ta ntima. Va xihlakala milenge mbilu a yi hlakali. Ku teka ka mkhulu swa tlarihisa.

== Xithopo xa muti ==


== Matimu ya muti ==


== Rhavi eka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==

Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Bila, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va Bila''' eka rixaka ra [[Vatsonga]]. Leri i rhavi Leri kulu eka ma rhavi ya ntsevu lawa Junod a tsaleke ha wona.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swivongo leswi yelanaka ==

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Meadowlands Secondary School</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3850</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26054</id>
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      <timestamp>2013-06-16T14:17:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
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      <text bytes="758" sha1="arpquh7pwqiiev5wg4yn8kdjzm6e0bj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox school
| name = Meadowlands Secondary School
| image = 
| motto = Per Aspera ad montes
| established = 1955
| type = Government
| session = single
| principal = Mr Gaolatlhwe Moses Senye
| city/town = [[Meadowlands]] - [[Soweto]]
| school code = 140806
| enrolment = 1400
| colours = Navy, Powder blue and Gold
| homepage = 
}}
[[File:MeadowlandsHighPlaque.png|right|300px|thumb|Xifaniso xa ribye raxitsundzuxo xa ntila wa ti16 Khotavuxika e xikolweni xa le henhla xa meadowlands]]
'''Meadowlands Secondary School''' (Xithlela nakambe xivitaniwa Meadowlands High kumbe Ndofaya High) i xikolo xa mfumo lexi akiweke e [[Meadowlands]] xiphemu xa [[Soweto]]. I xikolo xosungula lexi akiweke e Meadowlands endzhaku ko susiwa ka vanhu e [[Sophiah Town]].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Georgia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>39215</id>
      <parentid>28806</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-02-04T22:18:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Narazeni</username>
        <id>11288</id>
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      <comment>vuxokoxoko lebyi engeteriweke</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''საქართველო&lt;br /&gt; ''Sak'art'velo'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Georgia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of the Georgia|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Georgia|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: ძალა ერთობაშია - ''[[Dzala ertobashia]]''''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Georgia (orthographic projection with inset).svg|300px]]
|}
'''Georgia''' (hi [[Xigeorgia]]: საქართველო; ''Sak'art'velo'') a tiko ra [[Yuropa]] na [[Axiya]]. I xiphemu xa xifundzha xa [[Caucasus]], lexi rhendzeriweke hi [[Lwandle ra Ntima]] evupela-dyambu, [[Rhaxiya]] en’walungwini ni en’walungu-vuxa, [[Turkey]] edzonga-vupela-dyambu, [[Armenia]] edzongeni ni [[Azerbaijan]] edzonga-vuxa. Georgia ri ni ndhawu ya 69 700 wa swikwere-khilomitara. Yi na vaaki va 3.7 wa timiliyoni, lava ku tlula n’we-xa-nharhu xa vona va tshamaka entsindza ni doroba lerikulu swinene, ku nga [[Tbilisi]]. Vanhu va le Georgia, lava humaka endhawini yoleyo, va vumba vunyingi bya vaaki va tiko leri naswona i tiko ra rona leri nga ni xithopo.

Georgia a ku ri ni vaaki ku sukela emahlweni ka matimu, laha ku nga ni tindhawu to sungula leti tiviwaka emisaveni hinkwayo to endla vhinyo, ku ceriwa nsuku ni malapi. Nguva ya xikhale yi vone ku humelela ka mimfumo yo hlayanyana, yo tanihi [[Colchis]] na [[Mfumo wa Iberia|Iberia]], leyi vumbeke xisekelo xa mfumo wa manguva lawa wa Georgia. Eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vumune, vanhu va le Georgia va amukele [[Vukreste]] ximfumo, leswi hoxeke xandla eka vun’we bya vona ehansi ka [[Mfumo wa Georgia]]. Georgia ri fikelele Nguva ya rona ya Nsuku hi nkarhi wa Malembe ya le Xikarhi ya le Henhla ehansi ka ku fuma ka Hosi Davhida wa Vumune na Hosi ya Xisati Tamar. Ku sukela hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-15, mfumo lowu wu hungutekile ni ku hahluka hikwalaho ka ntshikilelo wa mimfumo yo hambana-hambana ya xifundzha, ku katsa ni [[Mongolia]], [[Mfumo wa Ottoman]] na [[Peresiya]], wu nga si hlanganisiwa hakatsongo-tsongo eka [[Mfumo wa Rhaxiya]] ku sukela hi 1801.

Endzhaku ka [[Nkutsulo wa le Rhaxiya]] hi 1917, Georgia ri humelerile hi nkarhinyana tanihi [[Riphabliki ra Xidemokirasi ra Georgia|riphabliki leri tiyimeleke]] ehansi ka nsirhelelo wa Jarimani, kambe yi hlaseriwe ivi yi tekiwa hi [[Vuthu ro Tshwuka]] hi 1921, ri va rin’wana ra tirhiphabliki ta [[Soviet Union]]. Hi va-1980, vandla ra ntshunxeko ri kurile hi ku hatlisa, leswi endleke leswaku Georgia ri tihambanisa ni Soviet Union hi April 1991. Eka xiphemu lexikulu xa malembe ya khume lama landzeleke, tiko leri ri tiyisele swiphiqo swa ikhonomi, ku nga tshamiseki ka tipolitiki ni tinyimpi ta ku tihambanisa eAbkhazia ni le Ossetia Dzonga. Endzhaku ka [[Nkutsulo wa Rose]] hi ku rhula hi 2003, Georgia ri landzele hi matimba pholisi ya matiko mambe leyi seketelaka matiko ya le Vupela-dyambu, yi nghenisa nxaxamelo wa ku cinca ka xidemokirasi ni ka ikhonomi loku kongomisiweke eku hlanganiseni ni [[Nhlangano wa Yuropa]] ni [[Nhlangano wa Ntwanano wa Atlantic N’walungu|NATO]]. Ku langutana loku ka le Vupela-dyambu ku endle leswaku vuxaka na Rhaxiya byi nyanya, lebyi heteleleke hi [[Nyimpi ya le Rhaxiya ni ya le Georgia|Nyimpi ya le Rhaxiya ni le Georgia]] hi 2008 naswona Rhaxiya ri ye emahlweni ri teka [[Tindhawu leti tekiweke hi Rhaxiya eGeorgia|swiphemu swa Georgia]].

Georgia i xidemokirasi lexi yimelaka lexi lawuriwaka tanihi riphabliki ra palamende leri nga ni vun’we. I tiko leri hluvukaka leri nga na Xikombiso xa Nhluvukiso wa Vanhu xa le henhla swinene na ikhonomi ya makete leyi hluvukaka. Ku cinca lokukulu ka ikhonomi ku sukela hi 2003 ku endle leswaku ku va na yin’wana ya swiyimo swa mabindzu leswi ntshunxekeke swinene emisaveni, ntshunxeko lowukulu wa ikhonomi na ku va erivaleni, na le xikarhi ka mimpimo leyi hatlisaka swinene ya ku kula ka GDP. Hi lembe ra 2018, Georgia ri vile tiko ra vumbirhi ku veka cannabis enawini, naswona rive tiko rosungula ra khale ka vusoxalisi ku endla tano. Georgia i xirho xa tinhlengeletano to tala ta matiko ya misava, ku katsa na Huvo ya Yuropa, Eurocontrol, BSEC, GUAM, Energy Community. Tanihi xiphemu xa Association Trio, Georgia i n’wandla wa ku va xirho xa Nhlangano wa Matiko ya Yuropa.

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bulgaria</title>
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      <timestamp>2019-07-10T16:56:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Praxidicae</username>
        <id>5650</id>
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      <comment>spam</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Република България'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Bulgaria|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Bulgaria|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Съединението прави силата ''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:EU-Bulgaria.svg|300px]]
|}

'''Bulgaria''' ('''България''') a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andorra</title>
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|name               = Andorra
|mujeko             = Flag of Andorra.svg
|coa                = Coat_of_Arms_of_Andorra.svg
|image              = [[File:Location_Andorra_Europe.png|190px]]
|Ntsindza           = -
|official_languages = -
|area               = 468
|population         = 76 949
|year               = 2014
|density            = 164,42
}}
'''Andorra''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Armenia</title>
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{{bold|Armenia}} i tiko ra [[Axiya]].
{{Infobox tiko
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Armenia
| common_name = Armenia
| native_name = {{small|Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|hy|Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun}}}}
| image_flag = Flag of Armenia.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Armenia.svg
| national_motto = 
| national_anthem = &lt;br /&gt;[[Mer Hayrenik|Մեր Հայրենիք]]&lt;br /&gt;''Mer Hayrenik''&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|&quot;Our Fatherland&quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Mer Hayrenik instrumental.ogg|center]]
| image_map = Armenia (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map2 = Armenia - Location Map (2013) - ARM - UNOCHA.svg
| capital = [[Yerevan]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|11|N|44|31|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = [[Armenian language|Armenian]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitution of Armenia, Article 20|url=http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/ |publisher=president.am}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| national_languages = 
| languages_type = 
| languages_sub = 
| languages = 
| languages2_type = 
| languages2_sub = 
| languages2 = 
| ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list |98.1% [[Armenians]] |&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;1.2% [[Yazidis in Armenia|Yazidis]] |&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0.4% [[Russians in Armenia|Russians]] |&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;0.3% other&lt;ref&gt;Asatryan, Garnik; Arakelova, Victoria (Yerevan 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110511044234/http://www.hra.am/file/minorities_en.pdf The Ethnic Minorities in Armenia]. Part of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]].  at [[WebCite]] (16 April 2010).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ministry of Culture of Armenia [http://mincult.am/datas/media/azg.poqr.%20ev%20xorhurd%20mshak.nax.%20(1).doc &quot;The ethnic minorities in Armenia. Brief information&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010143439/http://mincult.am/datas/media/azg.poqr.%20ev%20xorhurd%20mshak.nax.%20(1).doc |date=2017-10-10 }}. As per the most recent census in 2011. [http://mincult.am/national_minority.html &quot;National minority&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2011
| religion = [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.am/parliament.php?id=constitution&amp;lang=eng|title=National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia - Official Web Site - parliament.am|website=www.parliament.am}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religion_year = 
| demonym = [[Armenians|Armenian]]
| government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]]}} [[republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Armenia|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Armen Sarkissian]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Armenia|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Nikol Pashinyan]]
| leader_title3 = [[President of the National Assembly of Armenia|President of the National Assembly]]
| leader_name3 = [[Ara Babloyan]]
| legislature = [[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type = Formation and independence
| established_event1 = Traditional date
| established_date1 = 2492 BC
| established_event2 = [[Hayasa-Azzi]]
| established_date2 = 1500–1290 BC
| established_event3 = [[Shupria|Arme-Shupria]]&lt;ref&gt;[[David Marshall Lang|Lang, David Marshall]]. ''Armenia: Cradle of Civilization''. London: Allen and Unwin, 1970, p. 114. {{ISBN|0-04-956007-7}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Redgate, Anna Elizabeth. ''The Armenians''. Cornwall: Blackwell, 1998, pp. 16–19, 23, 25, 26 (map), 30–32, 38, 43 {{ISBN|0-631-22037-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_date3 = 14th century–1190 BC
| established_event4 = [[Urartu]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Redgate |first=A. E. |title=The Armenians |year=2000 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford |isbn=0-631-22037-2 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3nef10a3UcC&amp;dq |edition=Reprint |quote=However, the most easily identifiable ancestors of the later Armenian nation are the Urartians.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_date4 = 860–590 BC
| established_event5 = [[Orontid dynasty]]
| established_date5 = 6th century BC
| established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Greater&lt;br /&gt;Armenia]] united under&lt;br /&gt;the [[Artaxiad Dynasty]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor1-last=de Laet |editor1-first=Sigfried J. |editor2-last=Herrmann |editor2-first=Joachim |title=History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. |date=1996 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-92-3-102812-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WGUz01yBumEC&amp;pg=PA128 128] |edition=1st |quote=The ruler of the part known as Greater Armenia, Artaxias (Artashes), the founder of a new dynasty, managed to unite the country...}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| established_date6 = 190 BC&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia Americana: Ankara to Azusa |date=2005 |publisher=[[Scholastic Library Publishing]] |page=393 |quote=It was named for Artaxias, a general of Antiochus the Great, who founded the kingdom of Armenia about 190 B.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event7 = [[Arsacid dynasty of Armenia|Arsacid dynasty]]
| established_date7 = 52–428
| established_event8 = [[Bagratid Armenia]]
| established_date8 = 885–1045
| established_event9 = [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Kingdom of Cilicia]]
| established_date9 = 1198–1375
| established_event10 = [[First Republic of Armenia]] [[Declaration of Independence of Armenia (1918)|declared]]
| established_date10 = &lt;br /&gt;28 May 1918
| established_event11 = [[Independence Day (Armenia)|Independence]] from the [[Soviet Union]]
| established_date11 = 21 September 1991
| area_km2 = 29,743
| area_rank = 138th
| area_sq_mi = 11,484 
| percent_water = 4.71&lt;ref name=&quot;cia-fact&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The World Fact Book – Armenia |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=17 July 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719074837/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html |archivedate=19 July 2010 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Armenia}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 3,018,854&lt;ref name=&quot;Armenia information&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |title=Statistical Service of Armenia|publisher=Armstat |accessdate=20 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;News.am&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Armenia Population |url=http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |agency=countrymeters.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_census_rank = 134th
| population_density_km2 = 101.5
| population_density_sq_mi = 262.9 
| population_density_rank = 99th
| GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$28,282 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&amp;ey=2017&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=43&amp;pr1.y=12&amp;c=911&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|work=[[World Economic Outlook]] Database, April 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=17 January 2018|location=Washington, D.C.|date=4 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,456&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$11,548 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot;/&gt;}}
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,861&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot;/&gt;
| Gini = 31.5 
| Gini_year = 2013
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=WB1&gt;{{cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title= Gini index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |accessdate= 12 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.743 
| HDI_year = 2015 
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Human Development Report 2016 |year=2016 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=28 September 2017 |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 84th
| currency = [[Armenian dram|Dram]]&amp;nbsp;([[Armenian dram sign|֏]])
| currency_code = AMD
| time_zone = [[Armenia Time|AMT]]
| utc_offset = +4
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Armenia|+374]]
| patron_saint = [[Gregory the Illuminator|St. Gregory]]
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.am]] |[[.հայ]]}}
}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;Armenia&quot;&gt;
Yerevan-Republic Square-46-Transport-2019-gje.jpg|Yerevan
Garni-24-Tempel-von Suedwesten-2019-gje.jpg|Garni
Vagharshapat-St Hripsime-02-Mauern-2019-gje.jpg|Vagharshapat
Khor Virap-Muttergotteskirche-04-2019-gje.jpg|Khor Virap
Sevanavank-Apostelkirche-02-Muttergotteskirche-2019-gje.jpg|Sevanavank
Yerevan-20-Kreuzstein von St Johannes in Chahuk-2019-gje.jpg|Khatchkar
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Axiya}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Asia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Austria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>7084</id>
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      <comment>+</comment>
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      <text bytes="396" sha1="fkz3fm4b0ny42zgj0dzmxrtze9nk21u" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name    = Austria
|mujeko  = Flag of Austria.svg
|coa     = Coat_of_arms_of_Austria.svg
|image   = [[File:EU-Austria.svg|250px|center]]
|Ntsindza= -
|official_languages = German
|area      = 83 883
|population= 8 902 600
|year      = 2020
|density   = 106
}}
'''Austria''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

== Weblinks ==
{{Commons|Austria}}

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa| ]]
[[Category:Austria| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Azerbaijan</title>
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{{bold|Azerbaijan}} i tiko ra [[Axiya]].
{{Infobox tiko
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Azerbaijan
| common_name = Azerbaijan
| native_name =   {{native name|az|Azərbaycan Respublikası}}
| image_flag = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
| alt_flag = Three equally sized horizontal bands of blue, red, and green, with a white crescent and an eight-pointed star centered in the red band
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Azerbaijan.svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| national_motto = 
| national_anthem = {{vunblist |''[[Azərbaycan marşı]]'' |{{small|&quot;March of Azerbaijan&quot;}}|&lt;center&gt;[[File:Azerbaijan national anthem (vocal version).ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;}}
| image_map = Azerbaijan (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption = Location of Azerbaijan (green)&lt;ref group=lower-alpha name=&quot;region&quot;/&gt; (light green).
| capital = [[Baku]]
| largest_city = capital
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|25|N|49|50|E|type:city}}
| official_languages = [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]
| ethnic_groups_year = 2009&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131110034957/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/az/AP_/AZ_1.shtml The State Statistical Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic, The ethnic composition of the population according to the 2009 census.] {azstat.org&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list |91.60% [[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijani]] |2.02% [[Lezgian people|Lezgian]]|1.35% [[Armenians in Azerbaijan|Armenian]]|1.34% [[Russians in Azerbaijan|Russian]]|1.26% [[Talysh people|Talysh]]|item3_style=padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em|2.43% [[Azerbaijan#Ethnic groups|Others]]}}
| languages_type = Ethnic minority languages
| languages = [[Avar language|Avar]], [[Budukh language|Budukh]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Juhuri language|Juhuri]], [[Khinalug language|Khinalug]], [[Kryts language|Kryts]],  [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], [[Lezgian language|Lezgian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Rutul language|Rutul]], [[Talysh language|Talysh]], [[Tat language (Caucasus)|Tat]], [[Tsakhur language|Tsakhur]] and [[Udi language|Udi]]
| demonym = Azerbaijani
| government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]]}} {{nowrap|[[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;LaPorte2016&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=LaPorte |first=Jody |author-link=&lt;!-- Jody LaPorte --&gt; |year=2016 |chapter=Semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/978-1-137-38781-3_4 |chapter-format=PDF |editor1-last=Elgie |editor1-first=Robert |editor1-link=Robert Elgie (academic) |editor2-last=Moestrup |editor2-first=Sophia |editor2-link=Sophia Moestrup |title=Semi-Presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/978-1-137-38781-3 |location=London |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |publication-date=15 May 2016 |pages=91–117 |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-38781-3_4 |isbn=978-1-137-38780-6 |lccn=2016939393 |oclc=6039791976 |access-date=13 October 2017 |quote=LaPorte examines the dynamics of semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan’s regime is a curious hybrid, in which semi-presidential institutions operate in the larger context of authoritarianism. The author compares formal Constitutional provisions with the practice of politics in the country, suggesting that formal and informal sources of authority come together to enhance the effective powers of the presidency. In addition to the considerable formal powers laid out in the Constitution, Azerbaijan’s president also benefits from the support of the ruling party and informal family and patronage networks. LaPorte concludes by discussing the theoretical implications of this symbiosis between formal and informal institutions in Azerbaijan’s semi-presidential regime. |postscript=. |ref=harv }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1 = [[President of Azerbaijan|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Ilham Aliyev]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Azerbaijan|Vice President]]
| leader_name2 = [[Mehriban Aliyeva]]
| leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Azerbaijan|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name3 = [[Novruz Mammadov]]
| legislature = [[National Assembly of Azerbaijan|National Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of Azerbaijan|Formation]]
| established_event1 = [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Democratic Republic]]
| established_date1 = 28 May 1918
| established_event2 = [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Socialist Republic]]
| established_date2 = 28 April 1920
| established_event3 = Independence from [[Soviet Union]]
| established_date3 = 30 August 1991 (declared)&lt;br /&gt;18 October 1991 (independence)&lt;br /&gt;25 December 1991 (completed)
| established_event4 = [[Alma-Ata Protocol|Full membership into the CIS]]
| established_date4 = 21 December 1991
| established_event5 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 742|Admitted to the]] [[United Nations]]
| established_date5 = 2 March 1992
| established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Azerbaijan|Constitution]] adopted}}
| established_date6 = 12 November 1995
| area_km2 = 86600
| area_rank = 111th
| area_sq_mi = 33436 
| percent_water = 1.6
| population_estimate = 9,911,646&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/azerbaijan-population/ |title=Azərbaycanda demoqrafik vəziyyət |language=Azerbaijani |publisher=Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi |date=13 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2018
| population_estimate_rank = 91st
| population_density_km2 = 113
| population_density_sq_mi = 293 
| population_density_rank = 99th
| GDP_PPP = $175&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;
{{cite web 
|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=66&amp;pr.y=6&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=912&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=
|title=Azerbaijan
|publisher=International Monetary Fund 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 72nd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $17,857&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 71st
| GDP_nominal = $39.207 billion &lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 110th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,097&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 110th
| Gini = 31.8 
| Gini_year = 2018
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AZ |title=Gini Index|publisher=World Bank |accessdate=13 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.759 
| HDI_year = 2018
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2016 – &quot;Human Development for everyone&quot;|date=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 78th
| currency = [[Azerbaijani manat|Manat]] (₼)
| currency_code = AZN
| time_zone = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]] ([[UTC+04]])
| utc_offset_DST = 
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Azerbaijan|+994]]
| cctld = [[.az]]
}}

{{Axiya}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;/&gt;
 
[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>4z8ow0qu3r526bhxdg1o1wyqqr1xy8e</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Comoros</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3868</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36995</id>
      <parentid>32517</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-23T17:03:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>36995</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="874" sha1="ffu5msn2hh6jxgrmtroz4g48vrgzyfq" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''الاتحاد ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮي '''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Comoros.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Seal of the Comoros.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Comoros|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Comoros|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Unité - Solidarité - Développement''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationComoros.png]]
|}
'''Comoros''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sudan-Dzonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3869</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27267</id>
      <parentid>26301</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-04-26T18:10:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27267</origin>
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      <text bytes="862" sha1="6a2j1j2fk9x3nq71vkzc4ldci6kmfcw" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Republic of South Sudan'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of South Sudan.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Sudan.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Sudan Dzonga|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Sudan Dzonga|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:South Sudan hd (orthographic projection).svg|300px]]
|}

'''Sudan Dzonga''' i tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}

[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yindlu ya Satyagraha</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Satyagraha-House-1.jpg|Satyagraha-House-1.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Satyagraha-House-1.jpg|]].</comment>
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      <text bytes="4406" sha1="eg3qyc3fw8863vgkwoaex41tzoxr7cg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Satyagraha House 4.jpg|thumb|Yindlu yaSatyagraha]] '''Yindlu yaSatyagraha''', leyi tivekaka ngopfu hi  '''Yindlu yaGandhi''', i muti wa [[Mahatma Gandhi]] lowu akiweke e  [[Joni]], naswona hi laha a tshameke no tirhela kona eka maleme ya 1908 na 1909. Yi tsarisiwe eka nxaxamelo wa matimu na ndhavuko wa Joni. Sweswi wuI tirhisiwa tani hi yindlu yo rhurhela va yeni naswona wu thlela wu tirhisiwa tanihi Myuziyamu. Rito '''Satyagraha''' rivula '''kukhoma ntiyiso'''. Yindlu leyi yi mpfapfarhutiweriwe Gandi hi [[Hermann Kallenbach]].

==Matimu==
[[File:Gandhi, Sonia Schlesin, Hermann Kallenbach.jpg|thumb|right|upright| Mahatma Gandhi, Sonia Schlesin (Matsalani wa Gandhi), Hermann Kallenbach]]
Gandhi uhete makume mbirhi-n'we(21) wamalambe e Afrika Dzonga, kusukela hi lembe ra 1893 kuya eka 1914, hambileswi a khomeke maendzo yoya e Indiya na Bhrithani.&lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt; Kuvuriwa leswaku Gandhi dyondze hi xihlawuhlawu ro sungula loko ata khomiwa exitichini xa xitimela xa dorobha ra Pietermaritzburg, hikwalaho ka ku kumeka a khandziye eka kalichi ra valungu ntsena.&lt;sup&gt;[2]&lt;/sup&gt;

Hi lembe ra 1904, Gandhi u hlangane na Herman Kallenbach, Mupfapfarhuli wa swiako loyi a ari mujarimani wa mujuda naswona a fikeke laha Afrika Dzonga hi lembe ra 1896. Hi lembe ra 1907, Kallenbach u pfapfarhute yindlu leyi a yisekeriwe eka ma akele ya rhontavula &lt;sup&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt; kambe yi akiwe hi maekele yale Yuropa. Yindlu leyi yityiwe Tshanga.

Yindlu leyi ayirini mavala ya ti hanci na rivala rotlanga Thenisi, hambiswiritano havumbirhi byavona a va hanya vutomi byo titsona no encisa. Gandhi a atlela e lawuni rale henhla laha a anghena hi ku gonya xitepisi, hambiswiritano havambirhi a va hlanganela kutirhisa xitiko naswona a ava amukela vayeni a lawini rohumula. Yindlu a yiri hava minyangwa ya lendzeni, leswi aswi endla leswaku vaboheke kuhumela ehandle leswaku vakota ku nghena e lawini rin'wana. Kallenbach u hundzuriwe swinene hivutomi lebyi a va byi hanya, kufikela laha mali leyi a tihanyisa hi yona yi hungutekeke kuya aka vukhume bya leyi a yitirhisa.&lt;sup&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt; Vahetelele va rhurhile hi lembe ra 1909, naswona yindlu yindlu yive na vinyi vohlayanyana &lt;sup&gt;[5]&lt;/sup&gt; kufikela hi lembe ra 2009 loko yi ta xaviwa khampani ya mafurhwa (Voyageurs du Monde), leswi endleke mfumo wa le Indiya gome tani hileswi a va tiyimisele kuxava yindlu leyi, va xavela ku yiendla ndzaka ya matimu.&lt;sup&gt;[6]&lt;/sup&gt; Khampani ya mafurhwa yi pfuxelele yindlu leyi naswona yi yi endla Miyuziyamu leyi pfumelelaka ku endzeriwa hi mani na mani naswona yitlela yiva yindlu yo rhurhela va endzi hi lembe ra 2011.

Miyuziyamu leyi yirhangeriwa no hlayisiwa hiLauren Segal,&lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt; loyi a hlayisaka timiyuziyamu tin'wana, kuhlanganisa na miyuziyamu ya Khale ka mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu (Apartheid).&lt;sup&gt;[7]&lt;/sup&gt; Rito Satyagraha ri hunduluxeriwa kuvula &quot;Matimba ya Ntiyiso&quot;, naswona ri hlamusela mahanyelo vusihalari byo kala nyimpi lebyi sunguriweke hi Gandhi loko a ha tshama laha e Afrika Dzonga.&lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt;

==Mintshaho==
# [http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=7418&amp;Itemid=266 &quot;Serene Satyagraha House opens&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102242/http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=7418&amp;Itemid=266 |date=2015-07-08 }}. City of Johannesburg. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
# [http://www.satyagrahahouse.com/en/gandhi-history-in-south-africa Gandhi History in South Africa], accessed 18 June 2013
# [http://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/arch_det.php?archid=864&amp;bldgorder=%60tblbldg%60.%60name%60&amp;orderby=&amp;initial=&amp;source=1 &quot;Hermann Kallenbach&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427215855/http://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/arch_det.php?archid=864&amp;bldgorder=%60tblbldg%60.%60name%60&amp;orderby=&amp;initial=&amp;source=1 |date=2016-04-27 }}, Artefacts.co.za, accessed 18 June 2013
# [http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_who-was-hermann-kallenbach_1527719 &quot;Who was Hermann Kallenbach&quot;], DNA India.
# [http://www.satyagrahahouse.com/en/Gandhi-History-Johannesburg &quot;the Museum&quot;]. satyagrahahouse.com. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
# Smith, David (9 October 2009). [http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/09/mahatma-gandhi-south-africa-house &quot;French firm wins bidding war for Gandhi house&quot;]. The Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
# [http://www.satyagrahahouse.com/en/Museum-Johannesburg-exhibit Musum], satyagrahahouse.com, accessed 18 June 2013</text>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/8.25.96.32|8.25.96.32]] ([[User talk:8.25.96.32|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]</comment>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Mundlhovu Ndlovu&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Vanessa Blue 4.jpg|thumbnail|100...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
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* '''[[1926]]''' - [[Rashidi Kawawa]]
* '''[[1928]]''' - [[Johan Heyns]]
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{{Commons|May 27}}</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Lacey Duvall.jpg|thumbnail|100px...&quot;</comment>
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* '''[[1982]]''' - [[Lacey Duvalle]] 
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{{Commons|April 5}}</text>
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&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hukuri 24</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3962</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26371</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-01T15:37:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.18</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==  * '''[[1978]]''' - [[Nomsebenzi Tsotsobe]]  * ...  == Lava hundzeke e misaveni...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="262" sha1="hdib34ezp0zjasse721e9lmnqq5pvp9" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==

* '''[[1978]]''' - [[Nomsebenzi Tsotsobe]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|November 24}}</text>
      <sha1>hdib34ezp0zjasse721e9lmnqq5pvp9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:NovemberCalendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3963</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26372</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-01T15:46:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.18</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0501}} |float={{{float|none}}} |titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}}; |weekstyle=background-color:{{{...&quot;</comment>
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|22=[[{{{1|}}}Hukuri 22{{{4|}}}|22]]
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|24=[[{{{1|}}}Hukuri 24{{{4|}}}|24]]
|25=[[{{{1|}}}Hukuri 25{{{4|}}}|25]]
|26=[[{{{1|}}}Hukuri 26{{{4|}}}|26]]
|27=[[{{{1|}}}Hukuri 27{{{4|}}}|27]]
|28=[[{{{1|}}}Hukuri 28{{{4|}}}|28]]
|29=[[{{{1|}}}Hukuri 29{{{4|}}}|29]]
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|EndNote={{{EndNote|'''[[{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}|{{#time:xrY}}]]'''}}}
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&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hukuri 26</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3964</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26373</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-01T16:13:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.18</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:GarcelleBeauvaisNilon.jpg|thumbn...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="384" sha1="l9c0i8034zjbrt3m7a5gd2icnozq5np" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:GarcelleBeauvaisNilon.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Garcelle Beauvais]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1966]]''' - [[Garcelle Beauvais]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|November 26}}</text>
      <sha1>l9c0i8034zjbrt3m7a5gd2icnozq5np</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nyenyankulu 1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26389</id>
      <parentid>26374</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T08:10:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>26389</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="392" sha1="7380mjdw4wh9peyovvli63ixulbzbfj" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Liya Kebede at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival.JPG|thumbnail|100px|Liya Kebede]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1978]]''' - [[Liya Kebede]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|March 1}}</text>
      <sha1>7380mjdw4wh9peyovvli63ixulbzbfj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:MarchCalendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3966</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26375</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-01T22:45:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.18</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0501}} |float={{{float|none}}} |titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}}; |weekstyle=background-color:{{{...&quot;</comment>
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|prev_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Nyenyenyani {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|&lt;&lt;]]
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|31=[[{{{1|}}}Nyenyankulu 31{{{4|}}}|31]]
|EndNote={{{EndNote|'''[[{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}|{{#time:xrY}}]]'''}}}
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&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Khotavuxika 18</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3967</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26429</id>
      <parentid>26376</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-03-05T15:34:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.133.19</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>26429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="464" sha1="0ybc4p08n9pgan7ia7a91iefpqba37u" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Thabo Mbeki]]
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Semrakebede.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Semra Kebede]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1942]]''' - [[Thabo Mbeki]]
* '''[[1987]]''' - [[Semra Kebede]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|June 18}}</text>
      <sha1>0ybc4p08n9pgan7ia7a91iefpqba37u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:JuneCalendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3968</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26377</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-01T23:10:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.18</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0501}} |float={{{float|none}}} |titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}}; |weekstyle=background-color:{{{...&quot;</comment>
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|prev_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Mudyaxihi {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|&lt;&lt;]]
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|01=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 1{{{4|}}}|1]]
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|11=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 11{{{4|}}}|11]]
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|19=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 19{{{4|}}}|19]]
|20=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 20{{{4|}}}|20]]
|21=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 21{{{4|}}}|21]]
|22=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 22{{{4|}}}|22]]
|23=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 23{{{4|}}}|23]]
|24=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 24{{{4|}}}|24]]
|25=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 25{{{4|}}}|25]]
|26=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 26{{{4|}}}|26]]
|27=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 27{{{4|}}}|27]]
|28=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 28{{{4|}}}|28]]
|29=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 29{{{4|}}}|29]]
|30=[[{{{1|}}}Khotavuxika 30{{{4|}}}|30]]
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|EndNote={{{EndNote|'''[[{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}|{{#time:xrY}}]]'''}}}
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&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ddhje0zmwu0xz4bui8257il033xy7vv</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mhawuri 19</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3969</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26378</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-01T23:21:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.18</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Sara Nuru Bread n Butter.JPG|thu...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26378</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="369" sha1="lv6261uszuhua52pml4wpyz0w50lhr6" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Sara Nuru Bread n Butter.JPG|thumbnail|100px|Sara Nuru]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1989]]''' - [[Sara Nuru]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|August 19}}</text>
      <sha1>lv6261uszuhua52pml4wpyz0w50lhr6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:AugustCalendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3970</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26379</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-01T23:29:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.18</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0501}} |float={{{float|none}}} |titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}}; |weekstyle=background-color:{{{...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26379</origin>
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|prev_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Mawuwani {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|&lt;&lt;]]
|next_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Ndzhati {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|&gt;&gt;]]
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|16=[[{{{1|}}}Mhawuri 16{{{4|}}}|16]]
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|25=[[{{{1|}}}Mhawuri 25{{{4|}}}|25]]
|26=[[{{{1|}}}Mhawuri 26{{{4|}}}|26]]
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|31=[[{{{1|}}}Mhawuri 31{{{4|}}}|31]]
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&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhlangula 2</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3971</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26383</id>
      <parentid>26381</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-03-03T15:02:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.25</ip>
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      <origin>26383</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="369" sha1="ie19s2b3dhhjas647m6dll89hmvblhh" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Sokereke.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Stephanie Okereke]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1982]]''' - [[Stephanie Okereke]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|October 2}}</text>
      <sha1>ie19s2b3dhhjas647m6dll89hmvblhh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:OctoberCalendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3972</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26382</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-02T00:10:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.18</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0501}} |float={{{float|none}}} |titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}}; |weekstyle=background-color:{{{...&quot;</comment>
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|10=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 10{{{4|}}}|10]]
|11=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 11{{{4|}}}|11]]
|12=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 12{{{4|}}}|12]]
|13=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 13{{{4|}}}|13]]
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|15=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 15{{{4|}}}|15]]
|16=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 16{{{4|}}}|16]]
|17=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 17{{{4|}}}|17]]
|18=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 18{{{4|}}}|18]]
|19=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 19{{{4|}}}|19]]
|20=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 20{{{4|}}}|20]]
|21=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 21{{{4|}}}|21]]
|22=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 22{{{4|}}}|22]]
|23=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 23{{{4|}}}|23]]
|24=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 24{{{4|}}}|24]]
|25=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 25{{{4|}}}|25]]
|26=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 26{{{4|}}}|26]]
|27=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 27{{{4|}}}|27]]
|28=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 28{{{4|}}}|28]]
|29=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 29{{{4|}}}|29]]
|30=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 30{{{4|}}}|30]]
|31=[[{{{1|}}}Nhlangula 31{{{4|}}}|31]]
|EndNote={{{EndNote|'''[[{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}|{{#time:xrY}}]]'''}}}
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&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhlangula 14</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3973</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33121</id>
      <parentid>33119</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-13T12:57:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>3482</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.105.165.134|103.105.165.134]] ([[User talk:103.105.165.134|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:89.215.201.25|89.215.201.25]]</comment>
      <origin>26384</origin>
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      <text bytes="369" sha1="f11m8o099hhxlffhd7xqhr8iir0rp24" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Nyomi Banxxx 2009.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Nyomi Banxxx]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1972]]''' - [[Nyomi Banxxx]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|October 14}}</text>
      <sha1>f11m8o099hhxlffhd7xqhr8iir0rp24</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyenyenyani 18</title>
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    <id>3974</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26401</id>
      <parentid>26385</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T10:05:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
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      <origin>26401</origin>
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      <text bytes="365" sha1="tw18yv6nht60pqzdj7kawescrqqf4qp" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Skin Diamond.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Skin Diamond]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1987]]''' - [[Skin Diamond]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|February 18}}</text>
      <sha1>tw18yv6nht60pqzdj7kawescrqqf4qp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:FebruaryCalendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3975</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26386</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-03T15:27:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.25</ip>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0501}} |float={{{float|none}}} |titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}}; |weekstyle=background-color:{{{...&quot;</comment>
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|titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}};
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|prev_month=[[{{{1a|{{{1|}}}}}}Sunguti {{{3|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}}|&lt;&lt;]]
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|01=[[{{{1|}}}Nyenyenyani 1{{{4|}}}|1]]
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&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhlangula 1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3976</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26387</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-03T17:33:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>89.215.201.25</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Leilani Leeane at AVN Adult Ente...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="406" sha1="298dy61blp2uj7y2bcwlzvor3h9a9sd" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Leilani Leeane at AVN Adult Entertainment Expo 2012 2.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Nyomi Banxxx]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1992]]''' - [[Leilani Leeane]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|October 1}}</text>
      <sha1>298dy61blp2uj7y2bcwlzvor3h9a9sd</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>N'wendzamhala 31</title>
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    <id>3977</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26390</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T08:13:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Sinnamon Love 2.JPG|thumbnail|10...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Sinnamon Love 2.JPG|thumbnail|100px|Sinnamon Love]]
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&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1973]]''' - [[Sinnamon Love]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|December 31}}</text>
      <sha1>of6g86034kdnlgqca5lao1as1eoy7ti</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Hukuri 1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3978</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26391</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T08:27:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Marie Luv at 2005 AEE Friday 1.j...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26391</origin>
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      <text bytes="376" sha1="2p5hlrzjkgwbu2irerrkcjwljc5uqxe" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Marie Luv at 2005 AEE Friday 1.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Marie Luv]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1981]]''' - [[Marie Luv]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|November 1}}</text>
      <sha1>2p5hlrzjkgwbu2irerrkcjwljc5uqxe</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Mawuwani 19</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3979</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26392</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T08:32:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Midori db.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Mi...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="346" sha1="49je8hnpzsp5a3brv5flt22e4ky38p9" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Midori db.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Midori]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1968]]''' - [[Midori]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|July 19}}</text>
      <sha1>49je8hnpzsp5a3brv5flt22e4ky38p9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sunguti 20</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3980</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34298</id>
      <parentid>34297</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-26T04:41:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WhitePhosphorus</username>
        <id>6561</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>revert edit of &lt;username hidden&gt;</comment>
      <origin>34298</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="357" sha1="tadixuby8kgfzxeor6wcvpw2yzb7efy" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Monique r120021.png|thumbnail|100px|Monique]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1975]]''' - [[Monique]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|January 20}}</text>
      <sha1>tadixuby8kgfzxeor6wcvpw2yzb7efy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:JanuaryCalendar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3981</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26394</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T08:48:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Calendar/Sun1stMonthStart{{#time:D|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}0501}} |float={{{float|none}}} |titlestyle=background-color:{{{color|#ccccff}}}; |weekstyle=background-color:{{{...&quot;</comment>
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|18=[[{{{1|}}}Sunguti 18{{{4|}}}|18]]
|19=[[{{{1|}}}Sunguti 19{{{4|}}}|19]]
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|28=[[{{{1|}}}Sunguti 28{{{4|}}}|28]]
|29=[[{{{1|}}}Sunguti 29{{{4|}}}|29]]
|30=[[{{{1|}}}Sunguti 30{{{4|}}}|30]]
|31=[[{{{1|}}}Sunguti 31{{{4|}}}|31]]
|EndNote={{{EndNote|'''[[{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}|{{#time:xrY}}]]'''}}}
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nyenyankulu 26</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3982</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26396</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T08:58:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Misty Stone 2010.jpg|thumbnail|1...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Misty Stone 2010.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Misty Stone]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1986]]''' - [[Misty Stone]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|March 26}}</text>
      <sha1>9aowdokjc5ktaprhf9rbytywhxjigt9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSont</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26397</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T09:36:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:{{{float|none}}}; margin-left: 1em; text-align:center;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 |- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot; |...&quot;</comment>
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|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|{{{prev_month|&lt;&lt;}}}
|colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| '''{{{cur_month|Month}}}'''
|{{{next_month|&gt;&gt;}}}
|- style=&quot;border: none; {{{weekstyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Sonto
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Musomb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumb
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunh
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravumu
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Ravunt
|width=&quot;14%&quot;| Muqciv 
|-
|-
|{{{01}}}||{{{02}}}||{{{03}}}||{{{04}}}||{{{05}}}||{{{06}}}||{{{07}}}
|-
||{{{08}}}||{{{09}}}||{{{10}}}||{{{11}}}||{{{12}}}||{{{13}}}||{{{14}}}
|-
|{{{15}}}||{{{16}}}||{{{17}}}||{{{18}}}||{{{19}}}||{{{20}}}||{{{21}}}
|-
|{{{22}}}||{{{23}}}||{{{24}}}||{{{25}}}||{{{26}}}||{{{27}}}||{{{28}}}
|-
|{{{29|}}}||{{{30|}}}||{{{31|}}}|| || || ||
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{EndNote|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}{{{EndNote}}} }}
|- style=&quot;{{{titlestyle|background-color: #ccccff;}}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{!}}colspan=&quot;7&quot;{{!}}&lt;b&gt;[[{{{year}}}]]&lt;/b&gt;}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:Calendar templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3mglc1oq7t9xa15513uu15j9i38ho5s</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nhlangula 29</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3984</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26433</id>
      <parentid>26398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-03-05T16:19:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.133.19</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>26433</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="517" sha1="7fdjsrcqku0himpsxthzjyz2ud7q1p2" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Ana Foxxx AVN Awards 2013.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Ana Foxxx]]
&lt;td&gt;[[File:20131005 - Open LFB - Villeneuve d'Ascq-Basket Landes 092.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Lorraine Lokoka]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1988]]''' - [[Ana Foxxx]] 
* '''[[1989]]''' - [[Lorraine Lokoka]]
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|October 29}}</text>
      <sha1>7fdjsrcqku0himpsxthzjyz2ud7q1p2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mudyaxihi 7</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3985</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26399</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T09:56:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Arlenis Sosa in Carlos Miele FW2...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26399</origin>
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      <text bytes="409" sha1="gyiny7fm2tdqlnxkx2k7roihq4m8qkj" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Arlenis Sosa in Carlos Miele FW2009, Photographed by Ed Kavishe.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Arlenis Sosa]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1989]]''' - [[Arlenis Sosa]]
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|May 7}}</text>
      <sha1>gyiny7fm2tdqlnxkx2k7roihq4m8qkj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Khotavuxika 9</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3986</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26400</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T10:03:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Flaviana.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Fla...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26400</origin>
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      <text bytes="362" sha1="l69mdm1xa5dvktme3teiae8y9zk7cky" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Flaviana.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Flaviana Matata]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1988]]''' - [[Flaviana Matata]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|June 9}}</text>
      <sha1>l69mdm1xa5dvktme3teiae8y9zk7cky</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nyenyenyani 19</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3987</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26402</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T10:07:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Miriam Odemba.jpg|thumbnail|100p...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Miriam Odemba.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Miriam Odemba]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1983]]''' - [[Miriam Odemba]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|February 19}}</text>
      <sha1>cg0qnugnl2fcx6lf2gzkmlvmb7r365t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nyenyenyani 26</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3988</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26403</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T10:15:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Leila Lopes 2012 Shankbone.jpg|t...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26403</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="377" sha1="33zowxiia15mgo5ajpefx0lui1johl8" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Leila Lopes 2012 Shankbone.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Leila Lopes]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1986]]''' - [[Leila Lopes]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|February 26}}</text>
      <sha1>33zowxiia15mgo5ajpefx0lui1johl8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sunguti 1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3989</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34302</id>
      <parentid>34301</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-26T04:44:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WhitePhosphorus</username>
        <id>6561</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>revert edit of &lt;username hidden&gt;</comment>
      <origin>34302</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="469" sha1="q5dg08a6p83bp0j3hay9ib654ppirgn" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:ThuliSithole.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Thuli Sithole]]
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Camilla Barungi.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Camilla Barungi]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1981]]''' - [[Camilla Barungi]]
* '''[[1984]]''' - [[Thuli Sithole]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|January 1}}</text>
      <sha1>q5dg08a6p83bp0j3hay9ib654ppirgn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nyenyankulu 14</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3990</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26405</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T11:01:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Lira (South African singer).jpg|...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26405</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="357" sha1="6pa9c6frfzyhq0rgi4aq8ghkxlvnbu6" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Lira (South African singer).jpg|thumbnail|100px|Lira]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1979]]''' - Lira 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|March 14}}</text>
      <sha1>6pa9c6frfzyhq0rgi4aq8ghkxlvnbu6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sunguti 23</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34300</id>
      <parentid>34299</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-26T04:42:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WhitePhosphorus</username>
        <id>6561</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>revert edit of &lt;username hidden&gt;</comment>
      <origin>34300</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="377" sha1="eb4qk03f4f32kfavx3gflnpqlg0mvub" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Simphiwe Dana Wien2007g.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Simphiwe Dana]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1980]]''' - [[Simphiwe Dana]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|January 23}}</text>
      <sha1>eb4qk03f4f32kfavx3gflnpqlg0mvub</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nyenyenyani 14</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3992</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26407</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T11:40:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Tsakane.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Tsak...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26407</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="394" sha1="p7ao6reign1jxke7grzpk4ve3csik06" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Tsakane.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Tsakane Valentine Maswanganyi]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1979]]''' - [[Tsakane Valentine Maswanganyi]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|February 14}}</text>
      <sha1>p7ao6reign1jxke7grzpk4ve3csik06</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nyenyankulu 22</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3993</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26408</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T11:52:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Kandyse McClure Wondercon 2013 (...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26408</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="396" sha1="01bs5ypxj4nw6pzwp0qeglwygou7hx5" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Kandyse McClure Wondercon 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumbnail|100px|Kandyse McClure]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1980]]''' - [[Kandyse McClure]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|March 22}}</text>
      <sha1>01bs5ypxj4nw6pzwp0qeglwygou7hx5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dzivamusoko 13</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3994</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26469</id>
      <parentid>26409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-03-28T17:55:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>The file [[:Image:FikileMthwalo.jpg]] has been removed, as it has been deleted by [[:commons:User:Steinsplitter]]: ''Copyright violation, see [[commons:Commons:Licensing]]''. ''[[m:User:CommonsDelinker|Translate me!]]''</comment>
      <origin>26469</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="310" sha1="cpbqx852bnlzyrtg6yv4ti1lalf6s7q" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1989]]''' - [[Fikile Mthwalo]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|April 13}}</text>
      <sha1>cpbqx852bnlzyrtg6yv4ti1lalf6s7q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nhlangula 8</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3995</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26410</id>
      <timestamp>2014-03-04T12:08:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.132.117</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Miss South Africa 08 Tansey Coet...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26410</origin>
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      <text bytes="390" sha1="n8rsii1cmam0d0dke3zmrgcwbv6blc2" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Miss South Africa 08 Tansey Coetzee.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Tansey Coetzee]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1984]]''' - [[Tansey Coetzee]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|October 8}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mawuwani 4</title>
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      <timestamp>2020-02-02T02:05:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
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      <comment>Replacing Neide.jpg with [[File:Neide_Van-Dúnem.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: #2).</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Neide Van-Dúnem.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Neide Van-Dúnem]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1986]]''' - [[Neide Van-Dúnem]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|July 4}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyenyankulu 24</title>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Anksa Kara.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Anksa Kara]]
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Luisa Tomas 2012.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Luisa Tomas]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1983]]''' - [[Luisa Tomas]] 
* '''[[1985]]''' - [[Anksa Kara]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|March 24}}</text>
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== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Miss Angola 08 Brigith dos Santos.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Birgite dos Santos]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1989]]''' - [[Birgite dos Santos]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|October 5}}</text>
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    <title>Nyenyankulu 23</title>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Steve Holmes at 2005 AEE Awards.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Steve Holmes]]
&lt;td&gt;[[File:MalaikaFirth-MichaelKorsSS14-ChristopherMacsurak.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Malaika Firth]]
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&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1961]]''' - [[Steve Holmes]]
* '''[[1994]]''' - [[Malaika Firth]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|March 23}}</text>
      <sha1>9x6oqcbzak55cqtttxlmb2ht7x7d8w4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Mhawuri 18</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Till Kraemer.jpg|thumbnail|100px...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
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== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Till Kraemer.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Till Kraemer]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1977]]''' - [[Till Kraemer]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|August 18}}</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Pierre Woodman at work in Captow...&quot;</comment>
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&lt;td&gt;[[File:Pierre Woodman at work in Captown.png|thumbnail|100px|Pierre Woodman]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
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* '''[[1963]]''' - [[Pierre Woodman]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|April 29}}</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Philippe Dean.jpg|thumbnail|100p...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
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&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Philippe Dean.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Philippe Dean]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1969]]''' - [[Philippe Dean]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|January 3}}</text>
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  <page>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Rocco Siffredi 2010.jpg|thumbnai...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Rocco Siffredi 2010.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Rocco Siffredi]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1964]]''' - [[Rocco Siffredi]]
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|May 4}}</text>
      <sha1>p3tbqfpvym7l15hdl83xuguxu0qg6lr</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndzhati 1</title>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Princess Sikhanyiso Dlamini-001....&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Princess Sikhanyiso Dlamini-001.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Sikhanyiso Dlamini]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1987]]''' - [[Sikhanyiso Dlamini]]  
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|September 1}}</text>
      <sha1>elxam15dcnyq4tkviopcwoou0h5f8o9</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:SeptemberCalendar</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2014-03-05T11:19:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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  <page>
    <title>Sunguti 18</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4006</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34296</id>
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      <timestamp>2019-08-26T04:39:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WhitePhosphorus</username>
        <id>6561</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>revert edit of &lt;username hidden&gt;</comment>
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      <text bytes="359" sha1="oob0ti22yu9usfp7t5npvvfg0hkjdmq" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Zimglobal.jpg|thumbnail|200px|Ropa Garise]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1986]]''' - [[Ropa Garise]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|January 18}}</text>
      <sha1>oob0ti22yu9usfp7t5npvvfg0hkjdmq</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Mhawuri 13</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Helalia Johannes.jpg|thumbnail|1...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

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&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Helalia Johannes.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Helalia Johannes]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1980]]''' - [[Helalia Johannes]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|August 13}}</text>
      <sha1>3i05tsmc9fvavnnxjqn9fqou9uwrlf3</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Mhawuri 27</title>
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    <id>4008</id>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <ip>87.97.133.19</ip>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Mangosuthu Buthelezi (1983).jpg|...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Mangosuthu Buthelezi (1983).jpg|thumbnail|100px|Mangosuthu Buthelezi]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1928]]''' - [[Mangosuthu Buthelezi]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|August 27}}</text>
      <sha1>cxz9mqm7if7cycva3xyn11figfkfmb7</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Mawuwani 6</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Makhaya Ntini, Sydney 2009.jpg|t...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[File:Makhaya Ntini, Sydney 2009.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Makhaya Ntini]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1977]]''' - [[Makhaya Ntini]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|July 6}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hukuri 28</title>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Nosimo-21-02-09.JPG|thumbnail|10...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
&lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;
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&lt;td&gt;[[File:Nosimo-21-02-09.JPG|thumbnail|100px|Nosimo Balindlela]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1949]]''' - [[Nosimo Balindlela]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

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    <title>Mudyaxihi 25</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==  * '''[[1974]]''' - [[Bettina Campbell]] * ...  == Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==

* '''[[1974]]''' - [[Bettina Campbell]]
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

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  <page>
    <title>Nyenyenyani 9</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:20131006 - Open LFB - Hainaut-Na...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="396" sha1="d6a4lo28p6zs680t853l5uxj9nhmol9" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

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&lt;td&gt;[[File:20131006 - Open LFB - Hainaut-Nantes 068.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Pauline Akonga]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

* '''[[1982]]''' - [[Pauline Akonga]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

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    <title>Dzivamusoko 16</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Siku ra Lembe}}  == Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri == * ...  == Lava tswariweke hi siku leri == &lt;table border=0 align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;File:Alek Wek, Red Dress Collection 2...&quot;</comment>
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== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
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&lt;td&gt;[[File:Alek Wek, Red Dress Collection 2007.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Alek Wek]]
&lt;/tr&gt;
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* '''[[1977]]''' - [[Alek Wek]] 
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|April 16}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Joni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6099" sha1="dq2cf3l5otmggkkvfotv74gf2y3hlrf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Doroba ra Afrika-Dzonga
|name                   = Joni
|native_name            = 
|nickname               = Doroba ra nsuku
| image_skyline         = Montage Johannesburg.jpg
| image_caption         = 
|motto                  = &quot;Vun'we e ku hluvukiseni&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za-gt-jb.html|title=Johannesburg (South Africa)|publisher=Crwflags.com|access-date=9 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pushpin_map            = Gauteng
|pushpin_map_caption    = Ndzhawu ya doroba e xifundzeni xa Gauteng
|xifundza               = Gauteng
|muganga               = Johannesburg Metropolitan
|masipala              = Johannesburg Metropolitan
|area_total_km2         = 1,644.98
|elevation_m            = 1753
|population_as_of       = 2019
|population_total       = 8,000,000
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=population&gt;[http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/johannesburg-population&quot; Population of Johannesburg]&lt;/ref&gt;
|latd=26  |latm=12  |lats=16  |latNS=S
|longd=28 |longm=2 |longs=44 |longEW=E
|language_source        = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/760009 Census 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;
|language_year          = 2011
|language_name1         = xiNghezi 
|language_value1        = 31.1%
|language_name2         = xiZulu
|language_value2        = 19.6%
|language_name3         = xiBhunu
|language_value3        = 12.1%
|language_name4         = xiQhoza
|language_value4        = 5.2%
|language_name5         = Tin'wana
|language_value5        = 31.9%
|postal_code            = 2001
|area_code              = 010 na 011
|censuscode             =
|website                ={{URL|http://www.joburg.org.za}}
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Joni''', rithlela ritiviwa hi ra '''Jozi,''' kumbe '''&quot;Doroba ra nsuku&quot;'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Mango&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Johannesburg: The City of Gold | website=Johannesburg: The City of Gold | date=22 October 2019 | url=https://www.flymango.com/en/explore/johannesburg-the-city-of-gold | access-date=17 December 2020 | archive-date=18 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118162157/https://www.flymango.com/en/explore/johannesburg-the-city-of-gold | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SA.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=The history of Joburg, City of Gold | work=SouthAfrica.net| url=https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/the-history-of-joburg-city-of-gold | access-date=17 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;, i doroba leri kulukumba etikweni ra Afrika Dzonga,&lt;ref name=&quot;citypopulation&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/|title=Major Agglomerations of the World|website=CityPopulation.de|access-date=September 17, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona i rin'wana ra madoroba ya khume-nthlanu lama kulukumba e misaveni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= Th. Brinkhoff|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html|title=Principal Agglomerations of the World |publisher=Citypopulation.de|date=23 January 2010|access-date=2 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Joni i doroba-nkulu rithlela ri va ntsindza wa xifundza xa [[Gauteng]], kunga xifundza lexi fumeke ngopfu e Afrika-Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fasken.com/johannesburg/|title=Johannesburg|access-date=25 May 2015|archive-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426213642/http://www.fasken.com/johannesburg/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Joni rithlela riva vutshamo bya Huvo-nkulu ya vumbiwa, kunga huvo ya le henhla-henhla ya tiko ra Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1080/02587203.2018.1432100|title = The Constitutional Court as the apex court for the common law of contract: Middle ground between the approaches of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal|year = 2018|last1 = Bhana|first1 = Deeksha|journal = South African Journal on Human Rights|volume = 34|pages = 8–32}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tikomponi to tala ta le Afrika Dzonga ku hlanganisa na tibangi ti na ti ofisi-nkulu ta tona e Joni. Doroba leri ri kumeka eka xitshabyana xa Witwatersrand lexi ngalo moo! hi swicelwa na nxaviso wa nsuku na dayimani. Doroba leri akuri rin'we ra madoroba la ma rhurheleke xidlodlo xa misava xa FIFA xa lembe ra 2010.

Doroba-nkulu leri i ri'wana ra madoroba-nkulu ya misava hi laha ri xaxametiweke ha kona hi Nhlangano ya Vulavisisi hi ta kuhangalaka ka mabindzu na Madoroba ya Misava Hinkwayo. Hi 2019, vaaki va doroba ra Joni a va ri 5,635,127, leswi endleke leswaku doroba leri ri va doroba lerikulu eAfrika Dzonga.&lt;ref name=population/&gt; Hi lembe rero, nhlayo ya vaaki va le madorobeni ya le Joni yi vekiwe eka 8,000,000.&lt;ref name=population/&gt; Vundzhawu bya doroba ({{convert|1645|km2||abbr=on|disp=or}}) byi aname ngopfu loko byi ringanisiwa ni bya madoroba man'wana lamakulu, lama endlaka nhlayo leyi ringaniseriweke ya ku tlimbana ka vaaka - tiko va 2,365 eka swikwere - khilomitara (6,120/sq mi).

Doroba leri ri simekiwe hi 1886 endzhaku ka loko ku kumiwe nsuku endzhawini leyi a yi ri purasi. Hikwalaho ka mphakelo lowukulu wa nsuku lowu kumiweke etlhelo ka Witwatersrand,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ritchie |first1=Kevin |title=A jubilee that truly sparkles |url=https://www.iol.co.za/travel/south-Africa/northern-cape/a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles-1332007 |publisher=IOL|date=2 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku nga si hela malembe ya khume, vaaka-tiko a va andze va fika eka 100,000.

Doroba leri hambaneke ku sukela eku heleni ka va - 1970 ku fikela hi 1994, kunga Soweto leri sweswi ri nga xiyenge xa Joni. Eku sunguleni a ku ri ni ndhawu leyi vanhu va le Afrika a va tshama eka yona, leyi eka yona a ku tshama vatirhi vo tala va le Afrika lava humaka emugodini wa nsuku. Hambileswi eku heteleleni Soweto yi hlanganisiweke e hansi ka doroba ra Joni, kambe se a ku tshama vantima, lava a va nga pfumeleriwi ku tshama le Joni. Lenaxiya ixidorobana lexi ngana  vanhu vo tala va le Afrika Dzonga lava vulavulaka Xinghezi lava humaka eIndiya. Tindhawu leti a ti tiviwa tanihi tindhawu ta vanhu vantima hi ku pfumelelana ni milawu ya xihlawuhlawu ya hulumendhe ya Afrika Dzonga.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Gauteng_Province}}

[[Category:Madoroba ya Afrika Dzonga]]
[[Category:Mintsindza ya swifundza swa Afrika Dzonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Turkey</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4031</id>
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      <id>39265</id>
      <parentid>33211</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-03-23T18:33:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2003:F9:8F48:82AD:AC11:D513:8706:E8A</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ist not Turkey anymore it's Türkiye</comment>
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      <text bytes="870" sha1="av4aht5kwdr53jmhuk228udx1c7htuu" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:TurkishEmblem.svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Turkey|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Turkey|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;''[[National motto]]: Yurtta sulh, cihanda sulh ''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Europe_location_Turkey.svg|300px]]
|}

Türkiye a tiko ra [[Yuropa]], [[Axiya]].

{{Yuropa}}
{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Turkey]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kazakhstan</title>
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      <parentid>37602</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-08-17T07:24:49Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Quinlan83</username>
        <id>8214</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/78.85.49.230|78.85.49.230]] ([[User talk:78.85.49.230|talk]]) to last version by Metropolis123456789</comment>
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      <text bytes="512" sha1="0asfx3wlvocrg7p8d2m1bz6ngwwaxsc" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = '''Қазақстан Республикасы'''
|mujeko             = Flag of Kazakhstan.svg
|coa                = Emblem_of_Kazakhstan.svg
|image              = [[File:Kazakhstan_(orthographic_projection).svg|190px|right]]
|Ntsindza           = Nursultan
|official_languages = 
|area               = 2 724 900
|population         = 17 987 736
|year               = 2016
|density            = 6.5
}}
'''Kazakhstan''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}
{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bosnia and Herzegovina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>27224</id>
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        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
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      <origin>27224</origin>
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      <text bytes="903" sha1="rqv2wa3tn47y0kjphxuonx0vku36abj" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Bosna i Hercegovina'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Location_Bosnia-Herzegovina_Europe.png|300px]]
|}

'''Bosnia and Herzegovina''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sung Jae-gi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4036</id>
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      <timestamp>2023-09-08T16:52:19Z</timestamp>
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        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="2999" sha1="pkv5fkrpqotihapm6g7qbam697e967m" xml:space="preserve">'''Sung Jae-gi''' (Korea:성재기, china:成在基, [[Ndzhati 11]] [[1967]] - [[Mawuwani 26]] [[2013]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/07/116_140028.html Activist's 'suicide' causes huge stir] Koreatimes 2013.07.26 (English)&lt;/ref&gt;), i khale ka Human right activists yo Civil right activists&lt;ref&gt;[http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2013/07/27/0200000000AEN20130727001300320.html Police continue search for missing men's rights activist] yonhapnews 2013.07.27 (English)&lt;/ref&gt;, liberalism philosophers ya [[Korea Dzonga]]. hi found wa [[Association of Korean Male]](남성연대 男性連帶).&lt;ref&gt;[http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2013072913348 ''Suicide performance and journalist ethics] News Dongah'' (English)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Minkombo ya le handle ==
* [http://www.avoiceformen.com/mens-rights/mhra-sung-jae-gi-dead/ MHRA Sung Jae-gi dead] A-Voice of Man (English)
* [http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2013072913348 ''Suicide performance and journalist ethics] News Dongah'' (English)
* [http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130729000881 Body of Sung Jae-gi found in Han River] Koreaherald 2013.07.29 (English)
* [http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/07/116_140028.html Activist's 'suicide' causes huge stir] Koreatimes 2013.07.26 (English)
* [http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2013/07/27/0200000000AEN20130727001300320.html Police continue search for missing men's rights activist] yonhapnews 2013.07.27 (English)
* [http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2013/11/08/seoul-bridge-of-life-still-attracts-suicide-attempts/ Seoul ‘Bridge of Life’ Attracts More Suicide Attempts] korearealtime 2013.11.08 (English)
* [http://marcianosmx.com/grabacion-suicidio-corea-del-sur/ Grabación de un suicidio en Corea del Sur abre el debate sobre la ética de los medios de comunicación] (Español)
* [http://www.elgonzi.com/2013/08/activista-sung-jae-ki-se-suicido-frente.html Activista Sung Jae-ki se suicidó frente a las cámaras de televisión] (Español)
* [http://www.humanrightskorea.org/2013/opinion-now-showing-suicidal-performance-what/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103234311/http://www.humanrightskorea.org/2013/opinion-now-showing-suicidal-performance-what/ |date=2013-11-03 }} &lt;nowiki&gt;[&lt;/nowiki&gt;Opinion&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Now Showing Suicidal Performance! WHAT?!] - humanrights moniter Southkorea (English)
* [http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201307292238-0022943 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801233640/http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201307292238-0022943 |date=2013-08-01 }} South Korean channel films suicide] (English)
* [http://actualites.ca.msn.com/in-memoriam-2013-juin-juillet?page=50 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407082603/http://actualites.ca.msn.com/in-memoriam-2013-juin-juillet?page=50 |date=2014-04-07 }} In memoriam 2013:Sung Jae-ki] (France)

{{Lifetime|1967|2013|Sung Jae-gi}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Tihosi]]</text>
      <sha1>pkv5fkrpqotihapm6g7qbam697e967m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Khoriya Dzonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4037</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36493</id>
      <parentid>36490</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-03-06T12:36:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36493</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="858" sha1="ckg0nxam3um05mnkdjropjsmn7t0ljt" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''대한민국 / 大韓民國'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Korea Dzonga|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Korea Dzonga|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:South Korea on the globe (Japan centered).svg|300px]]
|}

'''Khoriya Dzonga''' i tiko ra [[Asia]].

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>ckg0nxam3um05mnkdjropjsmn7t0ljt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mabunda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4045</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36411</id>
      <parentid>36159</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-01-14T11:28:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>196.7.68.10</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Matimu ya Muti waka hlayuku mabunda */</comment>
      <origin>36411</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4197" sha1="mj3d2mlost91w21xhvwwx93yguspag4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       = Mabunda
| title                          =  Hlaluki
| image                      =  [[Image:Coats of arms of None.svg||125px]]
| caption                    = 
| reign                      = Mabunda, Mavundza
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Phalaborwa]]{{·}}[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]{{·}}[[Malamulele]]{{·}}[[Knowankowa]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Chibuto]]{{·}}[[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Magudu]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                   =  &lt;small&gt;[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/smallxd&gt;
| Zimbabwe               =  
| Ntlawa                     = Vadjonga
}}

Ku vuriwa leswaku xivongo xa ka Mabunda xi ni ti nyimba to hlaya; tin'wana ta tona I nyimba ya ka Nyavani kumbe Nyabane na nyimba ya ka Hlayuki kumbe Hlaluki. Nyimba yaka Hlaluki  hi yona hinga ta hlaya hi yona vuenti laha hansi:

'''Muti waka hlayuki- Mabunda''' i muti lowu vulavulaka Xitsonga, naswona iva ndyangu waka patson,manhegwane,mzilikazi, MGodzo, Xilawuli, kwaxulu, hlayuku.

==Matimu ya Muti waka hlayuku mabunda==
kutshembewi leswaku vaka Mabunda-hlayuku ava ake e St Lucia Bay kusuhi swinene na tiko ra Ka Zulu, leri tivekaka namunthla hi vito ra KwaZulu Natal kumbe Zululand. Ava tiveka ngopfu hi xivongo xaka Mazibuko, kwalomu ka malembe ya 1200 kuya ka 1300, naswona ava akelane na vaka Maswanganyi. Va sukile kwalomu ka 1700 kumbe 1730 vakongoma e Delagoa Bay(maputsuland) e tikweni ra Muzambhiki  thlelo ra nambu wa Savi wale henhla, laha vanga ncica xivongo xaka Mazibuko xiva xaka Mabunda (Vahlavi), ava chava leswaku loko MaZulu vo va kuma ava ta va dlaya, kutani va ncica Xivongo. MaZulu I rixaka ro loko vanhu vava balekela va swi kota ku va sala endzaku kutani vava dlaya. Vanhu hinkwavo loko va baleka va suka etikweni ra MaZulu ava fanele va ncica xivongo leswaku vata pona ku dlayiwa hi MaZulu. Vatsonga vo tala va ncice swivongo swa vona eAfrika Dzonga hikokwalaho ku chava ku dlayiwa hi Mazulu.

Eku sunguleni ka malembe ya vo 1800, ku fikile tinyimpi etikweni ra Mozambiki, tinyimpi leti ati tiveka hi tinyimpi ta Soshangane, laha vaka Mabunda va nga hluriwa hi Soshangane kutani va balekela etikweni ra VhaVenda laha va nga fika va aka kona hi malembe ya 1820 to fika 1830. Hi kuya ka minkarhi, va ka Mabunda va vile na vuxaka bya kahle swinene na hosi ya VhaVenda leyi ayi tiveka hi vito ra Davhani tshimbufhe.   

Hosi yaka Mabunda leyi nga endla vunghana bya kahle na Hosi Davhani wa VaVhenda i loyi a tivekaka namunthla hi vito ra Hosi [[Bungeni]], loyi ari mu akelani wa Hosi Davhani. Vanwani vaka Mabunda va hangalake na matiko yo hambana hambana, vanwani vayile vaya aka a xivhalwini ka hosi Mutshumukulu Mabunda laha namuthla kutiviwaka kuri  hile  Mbebule-jokweni bolobedi. Van'wana va sukile a Xivalwini hi lembe ra 1946 vaya aka e Muswanama river kufikela hi 1968. Hi lembe rero, Van'wana va rhurhele ka Mnghoghoma ka Mark Mdzadzameri, vanwana ka mageba. Hi lembe ra 1971 van'wana va sukile vaya tshama ka Mbhendle ka Shilowa.   

Lawa hi wona matimu ya swi phemu swa muti wa ka hlayuku-Mabunda. Miti yaka mgondzo wa hlayuki leyinga kona; hile ka manhegwane mabunda eka mbhendle, bekwa mabunda ka mghoghoma, phosa mabunda ka mageba, masocha mabunda ka mageba, famanda mabunda ka mageba, benson mabunda ka mageba,vaka mthini  mabunda ka mageba nale phalawubeni,  galela mabunda ka nkomo, muganu mabunda a babheni, mafiri mabunda ka mushiyani, Jim mabunda ka mageba, Vujaha Ka Mageva  &lt;blockquote&gt;
''MABUNDA KA... ''&lt;BR&gt;
''MHANEGWANI KA...''&lt;BR&gt;
''MZILIKAZI KA... ''&lt;BR&gt;
''MGODZO KA... ''&lt;BR&gt;
''XILAWULI KA... ''&lt;BR&gt;
''KWAXULU KA... ''&lt;BR&gt;
''HLAYUKI KA... ''&lt;BR&gt;
''SONO RA MAVUNDZA'' 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Lexi hi xona xi thopo lexi tivekaka xa muti lowu. Kuni ku hambana-nyana eka swi mutana swa ka Mabunda loko swiri karhi swi thopa xivongo lexi.

== Rhavi e ka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==
Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Mabunda, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va djonga va Vahlavi''' e ka rixaka ra Vatsonga.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>mj3d2mlost91w21xhvwwx93yguspag4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alfred Bitini Xuma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4047</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37631</id>
      <parentid>34099</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-09-08T10:41:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37631</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="638" sha1="n5gworjz1vyof7b2uj5upi9hpaxhl59" xml:space="preserve">'''Alfred Bitini Xuma'''  (8 [[Nyenyankulu]] 1893 - †  27 [[Sunguti]] 1962) a tivekaka ngopfu hi maviti ya yena nkomiso kunga AB Xuma, naswona ari murhangeri na mulweri wa ntsuxeko naswona a thlela ava muprezidenti wa vandla ra [[AAfrican National Congress|ANC]] ku suka hi lembe ra 1940 ku ya eka 1949. A ari nandza wa ntlawa wa Alpha Phi Alpha wa le America.

== Ndhzaka ==
Endhzaku ka ku lova kakwe, nhundzu ya tibuku ta yena yi nyikeriwe layiburari yale Orland East hi nsati wakwe Madie Hall Xuma. Layiburari hi yona yo sungula ku akiwa hi xikongomelo xova layiburari e [[Soweto]].

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1893|1962|AB Xuma}}</text>
      <sha1>n5gworjz1vyof7b2uj5upi9hpaxhl59</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Matimba Elliot Miyambo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4049</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34161</id>
      <parentid>34159</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-10T08:39:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>34161</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1408" sha1="h5r5tcqt75bigbmmsxt59622lx8q0up" xml:space="preserve">'''Matimba Elliot Miyambo''' (1984) i [[mutsari]] wa tibuku, vutlhokovetseri , mitlangu ya tiyetarha, mitlangu ya swiyanimoya ni ya thelevhixini. Hi lembe ra 2007 i khomile xiyimo xa ndzhangelo eka vutsari bya tlangu wa xiyanimoya(phofula express yourself competition 2007), enzhaku ka swona, uthlele a tsala tlangu wa xiyanimoya lowu wunga haxiwa emoyeni eka [[SAFM]] hi lembe ra 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.smashwords.com/interview/Miyambo|title=Smashwords – Interview with Matimba Miyambo, Sr|website=www.smashwords.com|access-date=2019-08-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Miyambo i n'wana wa vumbirhi wa Hasani na Martha Miyambo, u velekiwile emugangeni wa ka Makahlule hi lembe ra 1984.  Miyambo u thwasele tidyondzo ta vu dyondzisi e [[Yunivhesiti ya Venda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/Miyambo|title=Matimba Miyambo, Sr|website=Smashwords|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutsari ==
Miyambo u tsarile &quot;Fihlo Wa Swiyila&quot; kunga tsalwa ra vutlhokovetseri &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.smashwords.com/books/view/953065|title=Fihlo Wa Swiyila, an Ebook by Matimba Miyambo, Sr|website=Smashwords|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;, naswona tsalwa leri ri humelerisiwe no gandlisiwa hi va Via Afrika hi lembe ra 2019.

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1984||Matimba Elliot Miyambo}}
[[Category:Vatsari]]
[[Category: Vatsari va Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>h5r5tcqt75bigbmmsxt59622lx8q0up</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ronald Reagan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4050</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37401</id>
      <parentid>36999</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-17T03:54:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Wow</username>
        <id>6021</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>color correction</comment>
      <origin>37401</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="359" sha1="o3yz97mympvi27fqsf56hd612q0wcjt" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ronald Reagan 1981 presidential portrait.jpg|300px|thumb|Reagan hi lembe ra 1981]]
'''Ronald Wilson Reagan''' (1911-2004) 40th Presiden de [[United States]] (1981-1989).
[[File:President Ronald Reagan at a Rally for Senator David Durenberger in Minneapolis, Minnesota (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|200px|Reagan hi lembe ra 1984]]

[[Category:United States]]</text>
      <sha1>o3yz97mympvi27fqsf56hd612q0wcjt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Loloka Block 29E ka Dzumeri , Giyani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4052</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34671</id>
      <parentid>34670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-12-16T17:47:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>41.114.2.151</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>34671</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1269" sha1="f8xzazm98pczqiis8qtqupzjjznqncn" xml:space="preserve">{{ Infobox Swivongo
| name
= ''' LOLOKA BLOCK 29E ''' Ka-DZUMERI,  GIYANI
| title
= '''Loloka Block 29E'''
| image
=
| caption
= Loloka Village
| Xifundza
= Limpopo
| Doroda
= Giyani
}}

 '''''[[Loloka Block 29E]]''''' is a small larger beautiful Village under [[Dzumeri Tribal Authority]] in [[Greater Giyani Municipality]] [[Mopani District]] in [[Limpopo Province]]

'''''[[Loloka Block 29E]]''''' yi wela eka ward 24 laha ehansi ka vurhangeri bya [[Giyani]] naswona ku fumaka vandla ra ANC
 
were known as ''[[Ka- Gidiya]]'' or  
 GIJA  it changed its name to [[Loloka]]  its under the leadership of cheif Dzumeri

[[Loloka]] Block 29E is very beautiful small place to live in it has [[Bvuma Primary School]] and Health Centre

== Ti phurojeke ==

[[Loloka Block 29E]] has many projects. Ti phurojete to fana na 

 □ [[Loloka Drop in Centre]]
 □ [[Loloka Poultry farm]]
 □ [[Loloka Feeding Skeam]]
 □ [[Bvuma Old age]] well known as 'Avakheguleni'

na ti n'wani ti phurojete to tala to hambana hambana 

Eka ti phurojete hinkwato ti sunguriwile hi vamanana va muganga wa Loloka

 the involvement of women in these projects is making [[Loloka]] a good big village .

It has a small larger population

▪ Yi tsariwe hi [[Benny Makamu]] e[[Loloka Block 29E ]]</text>
      <sha1>f8xzazm98pczqiis8qtqupzjjznqncn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Makamu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4060</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30649</id>
      <parentid>30606</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-10-27T17:49:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>30649</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1427" sha1="lv4oju42dvrssyl5j4p7moz886qmi52" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       = Makamu
| title                          = Twala
| image                      =  [[Image:Coats of arms of None.svg||125px]]
| caption                    = 
| reign                        = 
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Phalaborwa]]{{·}}[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]{{·}}[[Malamulele]]{{·}}[[Knowankowa]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Chibuto]]{{·}}[[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Magudu]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                   =  &lt;small&gt;[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe               =  
| Ntlawa                     = Va Djonga
}}

'''Muti waka Makamu''' i muti lowu vulavulaka [[Xitsonga]], naswona iva ndyangu wa Shikweni, Ngamba, Hlomani, Twala ,Manyongotela

== Xithopo xa muti ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;
''Makamu... '' &lt;BR&gt;
''N'wina vo chava ku tsongola swava nwani...'' &lt;BR&gt;
''N'wina vo natswa munyu mithlela...'' 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Lexi hi xona xi thopo lexi tivekaka xa muti lowu. Kuni ku hambana-nyana eka swi mutana swa ka Makamu loko swiri karhi swi thopa xivongo lexi.

== Rhavi e ka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==
Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Makamu, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va Djonga va Vahlavi''' e ka rixaka ra Vatsonga.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}


{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>lv4oju42dvrssyl5j4p7moz886qmi52</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Swivongo Tsonga</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4061</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33682</id>
      <parentid>29023</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-07-03T19:28:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>33682</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1112" sha1="62c8un34qlmu54rz7macf1bst72wbj6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt; 
{{Navbox
&lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt;
| name = Swivongo_Tsonga
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| title = [[Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga|Swivongo swa Vatsonga]]
| bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = '''Djonga :'''
| list1 =
[[Hlatshwayo]] {{·}} [[Khosa]] {{·}} [[Mabunda]] {{·}} [[Makamu]] {{·}} [[Shikweni]] {{·}}[[Manyongotela]] {{·}} [[Hlomani]] {{·}}[[Maswanganyi]] {{·}} [[Mathiye]] {{·}} [[Nkuna]] {{·}} [[Nkwinika]] {{·}} [[Rikhotso]] {{·}} [[Shivuri]] {{·}} [[Tsungu]]

| group2 = '''N'walungu :'''
| list2 =
[[Baloyi]] {{·}} [[Maluleke]] {{·}} [[Xivambu]] {{·}} [[Mathebula]]

| group3 = '''Hlanganu :'''
| list3 =
[[Mabila]] {{·}} [[N'wamba]] 

| group4 = '''Bila :'''
| list4 =
[[Bila]]

| group5 = '''Hlengwe :'''
| list5 =
[[Cauke]] {{·}} [[Cuma]] {{·}} [[Magwinyane]] {{·}} [[Makwakwa]] {{·}} [[Mavube]] {{·}} [[Mbenzane]] {{·}} [[Ndindane]] {{·}} [[Nkumbi]] {{·}}  [[Khambane]] {{·}}  [[Xillenge]] {{·}} [[Yingwane]]

| group6 = '''Mpisane :'''
| list6 =
[[Mpisane]]

| below =
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>62c8un34qlmu54rz7macf1bst72wbj6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cuma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4062</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39522</id>
      <parentid>39041</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-24T03:35:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>41.13.17.132</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kusiyiwe tiko leri ni humaka eka rona</comment>
      <origin>39522</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3329" sha1="89fy9yx8ou76cueexed4v5i46tav1k0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       = Cuma
| title                          = Mpahleni
| image                      =  [[Image:Coats of arms of None.svg||125px]]
| caption                    = 
| reign                        = 
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Phalaborwa]]{{·}}[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]{{·}}[[Malamulele]]{{·}}[[Nkowankowa]]{{·}}[[Bushbuckridge]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Chibuto]]{{·}}[[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Magudu]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]{{·}}[[Mabalane]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                   =
| Zimbabwe               =  
| Ntlawa                     = Vandzau
}}

'''Muti waka Cuma''' i muti lowu kumekaka eka tindzimi ta ku tala emisaveni, laha hi ta hlamusela muti wa ka Cuma lowu kumekaka eka ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]]. eka Xitsonga muti lowu wu tiveka hi swi vongo swimbirhi, kunga Cuma na Moyane.

== Xithopo xa muti ==
Xithopo lexi xi tirhisiwa ngopfu hi va Tsonga va ka Cuma lava tumbulukaka le ka Mabalani e Musambiki kunga vona va Cuma vo sungula eka vaTsonga.

&lt;blockquote&gt;
''Cuma... '' &lt;BR&gt;
''Mpahleni...'' &lt;BR&gt;
''Nghunyulu...''&lt;BR&gt;
''Moyane ...'' &lt;BR&gt;
''Huchuza...''&lt;BR&gt;
''Va xwexwexwe...&lt;BR&gt;
''Va mpanamana...&lt;BR&gt;
''Va basa mahlo...&lt;BR&gt;
''Va le vuxeni ka misinya ya ku tswala byala na nyama...''
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Lexi hi xona xi thopo lexi tivekaka xa muti lowu e ka ririmi ra xiTsonga.

== Matimu ya muti ==
Muti wa ka Cuma wu tumbuluka e n'wa lungu wa Afrika, aku na vumbhoni lebyi kombaka tiko ro sungula kwale n'wa lungu.
Va hangalake na matiko ya Afrika hi tindzimi to hambana hambana. Vo tala va tsala xivongo lexi hi ndlela leyi yi pfumelelanaka na ririmi leri va ri vulavulaka. Kambe vo tala va ha xi hlayisa xi ri Chuma (Cuma).

Va Tsonga va ka Cuma vona va huma eka Ntshinani le Musambiki, hi lomu va Cuma vo sungula loko va huma n'wa lungu wa Afrika va nga fikela kona. Ivi va pela nambu wa Lipompo (Miminthi) va ya tshama eka Mangende, leri i tiko ra vanhu va ka Cuma ntsena,xi vongo xin'wana lexi kumekaka eka tiko leri xi lo luvela. Tiko ra Ntshinani na Mangende ma le hansi ka xi fundza xa ka Mabalani.

Hi ko kwalaho ka tinyimpi na ku famba va handza ndlala, va Cuma (Chuma) va hangalake na matiko. Van'wana hi va kuma eka Maputsu (Maputo), va n'wana eka Xokwe, Afrika Dzonga (Malamulele, Giyani,Phalaborwa, Bushbuckridge, Eylim na Joni).

Kuna va'wana va Chuma lava hi va vonaka va huma Nigeria, Malawi,Mali na matiko ma n'wana. Lava hi vona va Cuma vo rhanga eka tinxaka ta ka Cuma e misaveni.Va Tsonga va muti wa ka Cuma va vuriwa va le vuxeni ka misinya ya kutswala byala na nyama, hi kwalaho ka ku xonga ka tiko ra vona, leri nga na minala leyi humesaka vucema (palm wine),mikanyi leyi humesaka vukanyi(Marula),mimova leyi humesaka Thonthontho na makalavatla lama humesaka xikalavatlani. Kasi misinya leyi tswalaka nyama i magungu(mixanatsi) leyi tswalaka matomani(maxonje).

== Rhavi eka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==

Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Cuma, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va Vandau ''' eka rixaka ra [[Vatsonga]]. Leri i rhavi Leri kulu eka ma rhavi ya mune lawa Junod a tsaleke ha wona.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swivongo leswi yelanaka ==

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
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| name           = Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya Ebola
| image          = 7042 lores-Ebola-Zaire-CDC Photo.jpg
| caption        = Xifaniso xa 1976 xa vaongori vambirhi lava va yimeke emahlweni ka [[Mayinga N’Seka|Mayinga N.]], na munhu loyi a nga na xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya Ebola; u love ntsena endzhakunyana ka masiku ma nga ri mangani hikwalaho ka ku humetela ngati endzeni
| DiseasesDB     = 18043
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|98|4|a|90}}
| ICD9           = {{ICD9|065.8}}
| MedlinePlus    = 001339
| eMedicineSubj  = med
| eMedicineTopic = 626
| MeshID         = D019142
}}
'''Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya Ebola''' ('''EVD''') kumbe '''Dari ya ku humesa ngati ''' ('''EHF''') i vuvabyi bya vanhu lebyi vangiwaka hi [[xitsongwatsongwana xa Ebola]].&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; swikombiso hi ntolovelo swi sungula ku tikomba masiku mambirhi ku ya eka mavhiki yanharhu endzhaku ko khomiwa hi xitsongwatsongwana, hi [[dari]], swirhumbana enkolweni, [[ku vava ka tinyama]], na [[ku pandza ka tihloko]].&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; swikombiso [[ku hlamba timbilu]], ku hlanta, na [[ku chuluka]] ku landzela swirhumbana, ku fambisana na [[xivindzi]] na ti[[yinswo]].&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Eka nkarhi lowu, vanhu van'wana va sungula ku va na swiphiqo[[swo huma ngati]].&lt;ref name=WHO2014&gt;{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease Fact sheet N°103|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=12 April 2014|date=March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!-- Cause and Diagnosis--&gt;
Xitsongwatsongwana xi nga kumeka hi ku hlangana na [[ngati]] kumbe swi[[xihalaki swa miri]] wa xiharhi lexi khomiweke(hi xitalo tinkawa kumbe ti[[mangadyana ta mihandzu]])&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; ku hangalasiwa hi moya a swi si tsariwa eka tindhawu ta ntumbuluko.&lt;ref name=WHOAir2014&gt;{{cite web|title=2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa|url=http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=3 August 2014|date=Apr 21 2014|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729034008/http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Timangadyana ta mihandzu ku pfumeriwa leswaku ti rhwala na ku hangalasa xitsongwatsongwana handle ko khumbeka.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Xikan'wekan'we loko ku va na ku tluleriwa ka vanhu, vuvabyi byi nga ha hangalasiwa na le exikarhi ka vanhu.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Vaxinuna lava ponaka va nga swi kota ku tluleta vuvabyi hi[[xipeme]] ku tshinela eka tin'hweti timbirhi.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; ku kota ku hlahluva vuvabyi, hi ntolovelo mavabyi man'wana lawa ya nga na swikombiso swo fana na [[malariya]], [[kholera]] na [[xitsongwatsongwana xa dari ro huma ngati]]&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt;Ku tiyisisa ku hlahluva vuvabyi swikombiso swa ngati swi kamberiwa switsongwatsongwana [[masocha ya miri]], switsongwatsongwana [[RNA]], kumbe xitsongwatsongwana ha xoxe.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;

&lt;!-- Prevention --&gt;
Ku sivela ku katsa ku hunguta ku hangalaka ka vuvabyi ku sukela eka tinkawa leti tluletiweke na tinguluve ku ya eka vanhu &lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Leswi swi nga endliwa hi ku kambela swihari swoleswo eka ku tluleta na ku dlaya na ku cukumetiwa kahle ka mintsumbu loko vuvabyi byi kumiwile.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Ku sweka nyama yi vupfa hi ku hetiseka na ku ambala swiambalo swo sirhelela loko u khoma nyama naswona swi nga pfuna,&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; tanihi loko hi ambala swiambalo swo ti sirhelela na [[ku hlamba swandla]] loko u ri kusuhi na munhu loyi a nga na vuvabyi.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Swikambelo swa swihalaki swa miri na misiha leyintsongo kusuka eka vanhu lava nga ni vuvabyi swi fanele ku hlayisiwa hi vukheta.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;

&lt;!-- Treatment, Prognosis and Epidemiology--&gt;
A ku na vutshunguri byo kongoma eka vuvabyi lebyi; matshalatshala yo pfuna vanhu lava tluletiweke ya katsa ku nyika ku nga ha va [[matshungulelo yo nyika mati]] ( mati yo nyanganya na ku va na munyu ku va va nwa) kumbe [[swihalaki leswi nghenisiwaka hi tidiripi]].&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;Vuvabyi byi na nhlayo ya le henhla ya [[rifu hi xitalo]]: byi tala ku dlaya exikarhi ka 50% na 90% ta lava va tluletiweke xitsongwatsongwana.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Elsevier/Academic Press&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=C.M. Fauquet|title=Virus taxonomy classification and nomenclature of viruses; 8th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780080575483|page=648|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Wy7Jgy5RWYC&amp;pg=PA648}}&lt;/ref&gt; EVD yi boxiwe ro sungula e [[Sudan]] na le [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Vuvabyi hi ntalo byi humelela hi ntungu hi xihatla eka swifundza hisa swa [[ Sub-Saharan Afrika]].&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Kusukela 1976( loko byi boxiwile ro sungula) ku fika 2013, vanhu va le hansi ka 1000,00 va tluletiwile hi lembe.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=MMWRJune2014&gt;{{cite web|title=Ebola Viral Disease Outbreak — West Africa, 2014|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6325a4.htm?s_cid=mm6325a4_w|website=CDC|accessdate=26 June 2014|date=June 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntungu lowukulu ku fika sweswi wu ya emahlweni [[ntungu wa Ebola wa le Vupeladyambu bya Afrika wa2014]], lowu khumbaka [[Guinea]], [[Siera Leone]], [[Liberia]] ku nga va na le [[Nigeria]].&lt;ref name=CDC2014&gt;{{cite web|title=CDC urges all US residents to avoid nonessential travel to Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone because of an unprecedented outbreak of Ebola.|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/ebola-liberia|website=CDC|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=July 31, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=CDCAug2014N&gt;{{cite web|title=Outbreak of Ebola in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/index.html|website=CDC|accessdate=5 August 2014|date=August 4, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku sukela hi Mhawuri 2014 ku tlula 1600 wa swiviko swi boxiwile.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease update - West Africa|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_08_04_ebola/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=6 August 2014|date=Aug 4, 2014|archive-date=23 November 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6UJCrmDvn?url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_08_04_ebola/en/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matshalatshala yo [[nsawutiso]] ya ya emahlweni; hambiswiritano, a ku si kumeka na wun'we.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;

==Ku yelanisa==
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}

; Nongonoko wa matsalwa
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|last=Klenk|first=Hans-Dieter|title=Marburg and Ebola Viruses (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology)|date=January 1999|publisher=Springer-Verlag Telos|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-540-64729-4|ref=CITEREFKlenk1999}}
* {{Cite book|first1=Hans-Dieter|last1=Klenk|first2=Heinz|last2=Feldmann|title=Ebola and Marburg viruses: molecular and cellular biology|url=http://books.google.com/?id=EV_mFgnyPoMC|format=Limited preview|year=2004|publisher=Horizon Bioscience|location=Wymondham, Norfolk, UK|isbn=978-0-9545232-3-7|ref=CITEREFKlenkFeldmann2004}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kuhn|first=Jens H.|title=Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20|url=http://books.google.com/?id=LaOue0F9Ns4C|format=Limited preview|year=2008|publisher=SpringerWienNewYork|location=Vienna|isbn=978-3-211-20670-6|ref=CITEREFKuhn2008}}
* {{Cite book|last1=McCormick|first1=Joseph|last2=Fisher-Hoch|first2=Susan|others=Horvitz, Leslie Alan|title=Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC|url=http://books.google.com/?id=QEvR3aJX2m0C|format=Limited preview|origyear=1996|edition=Updated [3rd]|year=1999|publisher=Barnes &amp; Noble|isbn=978-0-7607-1208-5|ref=CITEREFMcCormickFisher-Hoch1999|month=June}}
* {{Cite book|last=Pattyn|first=S. R.|title=Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever|year=1978|url=http://www.itg.be/ebola/|format=Full free text|edition=1st|publisher=Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=0-444-80060-3|ref=CITEREFPattyn1978|access-date=2014-08-29|archive-date=2010-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211083855/http://www.itg.be/ebola/|dead-url=yes}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Ryabchikova|first1=Elena I.|last2=Price|first2=Barbara B.|title=Ebola and Marburg Viruses: A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy|year=2004|publisher=Battelle Press|location=Columbus, Ohio|isbn=978-1-57477-131-2|ref=CITEREFRyabchikovaPrice2004 }}
{{Refend}}

==Linki ya le handle==
{{Refbegin}}
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/207.html ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses] – Virological repository from the [[Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics]]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever] – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch
* [http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/ WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever] – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response
* [http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.do?decorator=filo Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae]
* [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/searchResults.html/?q=ebola 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808072117/http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/searchResults.html/?q=ebola |date=2014-08-08 }}
* [https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&amp;msid=202977755949863934429.0004c658eb30f9c4fb1c0&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;t=h&amp;ll=27.371767,5.273438&amp;spn=110.017392,184.21875&amp;z=2&amp;source=embed&amp;dg=feature Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819171607/https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&amp;msid=202977755949863934429.0004c658eb30f9c4fb1c0&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;t=h&amp;ll=27.371767,5.273438&amp;spn=110.017392,184.21875&amp;z=2&amp;source=embed&amp;dg=feature |date=2014-08-19 }}
* [http://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/filovirus_infection_control/en/ WHO recommended infection control measures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816223245/http://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/filovirus_infection_control/en/ |date=2014-08-16 }}
{{Refend}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
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* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK3}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName3|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK4|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK4}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName4|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK5|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK5}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName5|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK6|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK6}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName6|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK7|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK7}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName7|}}}}}}}

}}--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tieyk83rj9z40gf5epbzz9r66poswm3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Refbegin</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4074</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26656</id>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:09:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From [[:en:Template:Refbegin]]</comment>
      <origin>26656</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="752" sha1="l6okm8135xhah28f8cuz338k0vca2pn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;refbegin &lt;!--
 --&gt;{{#if: {{{normalfont|}}}
    | refbegin-100 }} &lt;!--
 --&gt;{{#if: {{{1|}}}
    | columns {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} &gt; 1 }}
      | references-column-width 
      | references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} }}
    | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}}
      | references-column-width }} }}&quot; style=&quot;&lt;!--
 --&gt;{{#if: {{{1|}}}
    | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} &gt; 1 }}
      | {{column-width|{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}}}
      | {{column-count|{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}}} }}
    | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}}
      | {{column-width|{{{colwidth}}}}} }} }}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
 --&gt;{{#if: {{{indent|}}}
    | &lt;dl style=&quot;text-indent: -{{{indentsize|3.2}}}em;&quot;&gt;}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
{{/TemplateData}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>l6okm8135xhah28f8cuz338k0vca2pn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Refend</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4075</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26657</id>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:10:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From [[:en:Template:Refend]]</comment>
      <origin>26657</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="251" sha1="ge8cznfxl0zil9rreahsolaz4ivrvek" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{template doc|Template:refbegin/doc}}
{{TemplateDataHeader}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;
{
    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Ends a reference lists started by {{refbegin}}.&quot;,
    &quot;params&quot;: {
    }
}
&lt;/templatedata&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ge8cznfxl0zil9rreahsolaz4ivrvek</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4076</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26659</id>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:13:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From [[:en:Module:Citation]]</comment>
      <origin>26659</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="22060" sha1="bn0bkgu1e9g2vis9w2hkddtba2hjtfm" xml:space="preserve">---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Module:Citation - Lua module for Citation auxiliary templates
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- For the {{citation}} formatting functions, see: Module:Citation/CS1
--                               (see NOTES at bottom)
--require &quot;mw.text&quot;

local z = {
    wikitext = require(&quot;Module:Wikitext&quot;),
    extensiontags = {
        nowiki = true,
        ref = true,
        gallery = true,
        pre = true,
        source = true,
        categorytree = true,
        charinsert = true,
        hiero = true,
        imagemap = true,
        inputbox = true,
        math = true,
        poem = true,
        ref = true,
        references = true,
        syntaxhighlight = true,
        timeline = true,
    }
}

function trim( str )
    if str == nil then
        return nil;
    end
    return str:match( &quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot; );
end

function hideinprint(content)
    return content
end

function onlyinprint(content)
    return &quot;&quot;
end

-- This returns a string with HTML character entities for wikitext markup characters.
function wikiescape(text)
    text = text:gsub( '[&amp;\'%[%]{|}]', {    
            ['&amp;'] = '&amp;#38;',    
            [&quot;'&quot;] = '&amp;#39;',    
            ['['] = '&amp;#91;',    
            [']'] = '&amp;#93;',	
            ['{'] = '&amp;#123;',	
            ['|'] = '&amp;#124;',	
            ['}'] = '&amp;#125;' } );
    return text;
end

function createTag(t, frame)
    local name = t.name or &quot;!-- --&quot;
    local content = t.contents or &quot;&quot;
    local attrs = {}
    if ( z.extensiontags[name] ) then
        -- We have to preprocess these, so that they are properly turned into so-called &quot;strip markers&quot; in the generated wikitext.
        if ( not frame ) then error (&quot;Please supply an extra frame argument to the createTag() function.&quot;) end
        local params = {}
        for n,v in pairs(t.params) do
            table.insert(params, &quot;|&quot; .. n .. &quot;=&quot; .. v)
        end
        return frame:preprocess(&quot;{{#tag:&quot; .. name .. &quot;|&quot; .. content .. table.concat(params) .. &quot;}}&quot;)
    else   
        for n,v in pairs(t.params) do
            if (v) then
                table.insert(attrs, n .. &quot;=\&quot;&quot; .. wikiescape(v) .. &quot;\&quot;&quot;)
            else
                table.insert(attrs, n)
            end
        end
        if (&quot;&quot; == content) then
            return &quot;&lt;&quot; .. name .. &quot; &quot; .. table.concat(attrs, &quot; &quot;) .. &quot;/&gt;&quot;
        else
            return &quot;&lt;&quot; .. name .. &quot; &quot; .. table.concat(attrs, &quot; &quot;) .. &quot;&gt;&quot; .. content .. &quot;&lt;/&quot; .. name .. &quot;&gt;&quot;
        end
    end
end

--[[
This is a clone of mw.text.nowiki.  When the mw.text library is installed,
this can be replaced by a call to that library. ]]
function nowiki( s )
    -- string.gsub is safe here, because we're only caring about ASCII chars
    s = string.gsub( s, '[&quot;&amp;\'&lt;=&gt;%[%]{|}]', {
        ['&quot;'] = '&amp;#34;',
        ['&amp;'] = '&amp;#38;',
        [&quot;'&quot;] = '&amp;#39;',
        ['&lt;'] = '&amp;#60;',
        ['='] = '&amp;#61;',
        ['&gt;'] = '&amp;#62;',
        ['['] = '&amp;#91;',
        [']'] = '&amp;#93;',
        ['{'] = '&amp;#123;',
        ['|'] = '&amp;#124;',
        ['}'] = '&amp;#125;',
    } )
    s = string.sub( string.gsub( '\n' .. s, '\n[#*:;]', {
        [&quot;\n#&quot;] = &quot;\n&amp;#35;&quot;,
        [&quot;\n*&quot;] = &quot;\n&amp;#42;&quot;,
        [&quot;\n:&quot;] = &quot;\n&amp;#58;&quot;,
        [&quot;\n;&quot;] = &quot;\n&amp;#59;&quot;,
    } ), 2 )
    s = string.gsub( s, '://', '&amp;#58;//' )
    s = string.gsub( s, 'ISBN ', 'ISBN&amp;#32;' )
    s = string.gsub( s, 'RFC ', 'RFC&amp;#32;' )

    return s
end

function externallinkid(args)
    local sep = args.separator or &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;
    args.suffix = args.suffix or &quot;&quot;
    local url_string = args.id
    if args.encode == true or args.encode == nil then
        url_string = mw.uri.encode( url_string );
    end
    
    local t0 = onlyinprint(args.label .. sep .. args.id)
    local t1 = hideinprint(&quot;[[&quot; .. args.link .. &quot;|&quot; .. args.label .. &quot;]]&quot; .. sep .. &quot;[&quot; .. args.prefix .. url_string .. args.suffix .. &quot; &quot; .. nowiki(args.id) .. &quot;]&quot;)
    
    return t0 .. t1
end

function doi(id, inactive, nocat)
    local cat = &quot;&quot;
    local text;
    if ( inactive ~= nil ) then 
        text = &quot;[[Digital object identifier|doi]]:&quot; .. id;
        cat = cat .. &quot;[[Category:Pages with DOIs inactive since &quot; .. selectyear(inactive) .. &quot;]]&quot;
        inactive = &quot; (inactive &quot; .. inactive .. &quot;)&quot; 
    else 
        text = externallinkid({link=&quot;Digital object identifier&quot;,label=&quot;doi&quot;,prefix=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/&quot;,id=id,separator=&quot;:&quot;})
        inactive = &quot;&quot; 
    end
    if ( string.sub(id,1,3) ~= &quot;10.&quot; ) then
        cat = cat .. &quot;[[Category:Pages with DOI errors]]&quot; .. '&lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt; Bad DOI (expected &quot;10.&quot; prefix) in code number&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
    if ( nocat and nocat ~= &quot;&quot; ) then cat = &quot;&quot; end
    return text .. inactive .. cat    
end

function selectyear( str )
    local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
    local good, result;
    good, result = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'Y', str )
    if good then 
        return result;
    else
        return '';
    end
end

function anchorid(label, args)
    local P1 = trim(args[1]) or &quot;&quot;
    local P2 = trim(args[2]) or &quot;&quot;
    local P3 = trim(args[3]) or &quot;&quot;
    local P4 = trim(args[4]) or &quot;&quot;
    local P5 = trim(args[5]) or &quot;&quot;
    local anchor = P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4 .. P5;
    if anchor ~= '' then  -- See bug description in Citation/CS1
        anchor = mw.uri.anchorEncode( anchor );
    end
    
    return label .. anchor
end

function refid(label, args)
    local p = args.p or &quot;&quot;
    local pp = args.pp or &quot;&quot;
    local loc = args.loc or &quot;&quot;
    return anchorid(label, args) .. p .. pp .. loc    
end

function name(args)
    local P1 = trim(args[1]) or &quot;&quot;
    if ( args[5] ~= nil) then
        return P1 .. &quot; et al.&quot;
    else
        local P2 = trim(args[2]) or &quot;&quot;
        local P3 = trim(args[3]) or &quot;&quot; 
        local P4 = trim(args[4]) or &quot;&quot;
        if ( args[4] ~= nil ) then
            P4 = &quot; &quot; .. P4
            P3 = &quot; &amp;amp; &quot; .. P3
            P2 = &quot;, &quot; .. P2
        elseif ( args[3] ~= nil ) then
            P3 = &quot; &quot; .. P3
            P2 = &quot; &amp;amp; &quot; .. P2
        elseif ( args[2] ~= nil ) then
            P2 = &quot; &quot; .. P2            
        end
        return P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4
    end 
end

function crossref(frame, label, args)
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local LB = config.BracketLeft or &quot;&quot;
    local RB = config.BracketRight or &quot;&quot;
    local anchor = args.ref or args.Ref or anchorid( label, args)
    local text = name(args)
    local loc = args.loc
    local page
    local pages = args.pp or args.pages
    if pages == nil or pages == '' then
        page = args.p or args.page;
    end 
    if nil == loc then loc = &quot;&quot; else loc = &quot; &quot; .. loc end
    if ( page ~= nil ) then
        local pagesep = config.PageSep or &quot;, p.&amp;nbsp;&quot;
        loc = loc .. pagesep .. page
    end
    if ( pages ~= nil ) then
        local pagessep = config.PagesSep or &quot;, pp.&amp;nbsp;&quot;
        loc = loc .. pagessep .. pages
    end        
    local pagename = args.pagename or &quot;&quot;
    local ps = args.Postscript or &quot;&quot;
    return LB .. &quot;[[&quot; .. pagename .. &quot;#&quot; .. anchor .. &quot;|&quot; .. text .. &quot;]]&quot; .. loc .. RB .. ps
end

function r0(frame, name, group, page)
    if ( name == nil ) then return &quot;&quot; end
    if ( group == nil ) then group = &quot;&quot; end
    local p = &quot;&quot;
    if ( page ~= nil ) then 
        local contents = &quot;:&quot; .. page
        p = createTag({name=&quot;sup&quot;,contents=contents,params={class=&quot;reference&quot;,style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;}}) 
    end
    return createTag({name=&quot;ref&quot;,contents=&quot;&quot;,params={name=name,group=group}}, frame) .. p
end

function reflist0(frame, config, args)
    local contents = args.refs or &quot;&quot;
    local liststyle = args.liststyle
    local count = args[1]
    local width = args.colwidth
    local group = args.group or config.default_group
    if ( nil == tonumber(count) and nil == width ) then 
        width = count
        count = nil
    end
    if ( nil == liststyle ) then
        if ( &quot;upper-alpha&quot; == group or &quot;lower-alpha&quot; == group or &quot;upper-roman&quot; == group or &quot;lower-roman&quot; == group or &quot;upper-greek&quot; == group or &quot;lower-greek&quot; == group ) then
            liststyle = group
        else
            liststyle = config.default_liststyle
        end
    end
    local params = {}
    params.class = &quot;reflist&quot;    
    params.style = z.wikitext.liststyle(liststyle)
    if ( nil ~= count ) then        
        params.class = params.class .. &quot; references-column-count references-column-count-&quot; .. count
        params.style = params.style .. &quot; &quot; .. z.wikitext.columncountstyle(count)
    end    
    if ( nil ~= width ) then
        params.class = params.class .. &quot; references-column-width&quot;
        params.style = params.style .. &quot; &quot; .. z.wikitext.columnwidthstyle(width)
    end
    local references = createTag({name=&quot;references&quot;,contents=contents,params={group=group}}, frame)
    return createTag({name=&quot;div&quot;,contents=references,params=params})
end

function refbegin0(frame, config, args)
    local liststyle = args.liststyle
    local indent = args.indent
    local indentsize = args.indentsize
    local count = args[1]
    local width = args.colwidth
    if ( nil == tonumber(count) and nil == width ) then 
        width = count
        count = nil
    end
    if ( nil == liststyle ) then
        if ( &quot;upper-alpha&quot; == group or &quot;lower-alpha&quot; == group or &quot;upper-roman&quot; == group or &quot;lower-roman&quot; == group or &quot;upper-greek&quot; == group or &quot;lower-greek&quot; == group ) then
            liststyle = group
        else
            liststyle = config.default_liststyle
        end
    end
    local params = {}
    params.class = &quot;refbegin&quot;
    params.style = z.wikitext.liststyle(liststyle)
    if ( nil ~= count ) then        
        params.class = params.class .. &quot; references-column-count references-column-count-&quot; .. count
        params.style = params.style .. &quot; &quot; .. z.wikitext.columncountstyle(count)
    end    
    if ( nil ~= width ) then
        params.class = params.class .. &quot; references-column-width&quot;
        params.style = params.style .. &quot; &quot; .. z.wikitext.columnwidthstyle(width)
    end
    local dlopen
    if ( nil ~= indent ) then
        dlopen = z.wikitext.OpenHTMLTag({name=&quot;dl&quot;,params={style=&quot;text-indent: -&quot; .. (indentsize or &quot;3.2&quot;) .. &quot;em;&quot;}})
    else
        dlopen = &quot;&quot;
    end
    return z.wikitext.OpenHTMLTag({name=&quot;div&quot;,params=params}) .. dlopen
end

function refend0(frame, config, args)
    local indent = args.indent
    local dlclose
    if ( nil ~= indent ) then
        dlclose = &quot;&lt;/dl&gt;&quot;
    else
        dlclose = &quot;&quot;
    end
    return dlclose .. &quot;&lt;/div&gt;&quot;
end

-- This is used by {{doi}} to create DOI links in the style used in citations.
function z.doi(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local id = pframe.args.id or pframe.args[1] or &quot;&quot;
    return doi(id)
end

-- This is used by {{ISSN}} to create ISSN links in the style used in citations.
function z.ISSN(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local Name = pframe.args[1] or &quot;&quot;
    return hideinprint(&quot;[[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[http://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&amp;q=n2:&quot; .. Name .. &quot; &quot; .. Name .. &quot;]&quot;)
end

-- This is used by templates such as {{SfnRef}} to create the (encoded) anchor name for a Harvard cross-reference hyperlink.
function z.SFNID(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    return anchorid('FOOTNOTE', pframe.args)
end

-- This is used by templates such as {{Harvard citation}} to create the Harvard cross-reference text.
function z.Harvard(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    return crossref(frame, pframe.args)
end

-- This is used by templates such as {{sfn}} to create the entire cross-reference.
function z.sfn(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    pframe.args.Postscript = pframe.args.postscript or pframe.args.ps or &quot;.&quot;;
    
    local content = crossref(frame, 'CITEREF', pframe.args)
    local args = { name = refid( 'FOOTNOTE', pframe.args) }
    return createTag({name = &quot;ref&quot;, contents = content, params = args}, frame)
end

-- This is used by template {{r}}.
function z.r(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    args.page1 = args.page1 or args.page
    local text = &quot;&quot;
    -- This would be shorter using ipairs(), but that doesn't work on an arguments table supplied to a template.
    local index = 1
    while args[index] ~= nil do
        local arg = args[index]
        local t = r0(frame, arg, args.group, args[&quot;page&quot; .. index])
        text = text .. t
        index = index + 1
    end
    return text
end

-- This is used by template {{ref label}}.
function z.reflabel(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    local P1 = args[1] or &quot;&quot;
    local P2 = args[2] or &quot;&quot;
    local P3 = args[3] or &quot;&quot;
    local id = nil
    local contents = &quot;[[#endnote_&quot; .. P1 .. P3 .. &quot;|&amp;#91;&quot; .. P2 .. &quot;&amp;#93;]]&quot;
    local params = {}
    params.class=&quot;reference&quot;
    if ( args.noid == nil or args.noid == &quot;&quot; ) then params.id = &quot;ref_&quot; .. P1 .. P3 end
    return createTag({name=&quot;sup&quot;,contents=contents,params=params})
end

-- This is used by template {{note label}}.
function z.notelabel(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    local id = args[1] or &quot;&quot;
    local arrow = args[3] or &quot;&quot;
    local postscript = args[4] or &quot;&quot;
    local contents 
    if arrow ~= &quot;&quot; then
        local sup_arrow = createTag({name=&quot;sup&quot;,contents=arrow,params={}})
        contents = &quot;[[#ref_&quot; .. id .. arrow .. &quot;|&lt;b&gt;&quot; .. sup_arrow .. &quot;&lt;/b&gt;]]&quot; .. postscript
        if &quot;none&quot; == arrow then arrow = &quot;^&quot; end -- Change this AFTER using it in the ID parameter and the contents.
    else
        contents = (args[2] or &quot;&quot;) .. postscript
    end
    local params = { class=&quot;citation wikicite&quot; }
    if id ~= &quot;&quot; and ( args.noid == nil or args.noid == &quot;&quot; ) then 
        params.id = mw.uri.anchorEncode(&quot;endnote_&quot; .. id .. arrow)
    end
    return createTag({name=&quot;span&quot;,contents=contents,params=params})
end

-- This is used by templates {{reflist}} and {{notelist}}.
function z.reflist(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    return reflist0(frame, config, args)
end

-- This is used by template {{refbegin}}.
function z.refbegin(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    return refbegin0(frame, config, args)
end

-- This is used by template {{refend}}.
function z.refend(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    return refend0(frame, config, args)
end

-- This is used by template {{efn}}.
function z.efn(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    return createTag({name=&quot;ref&quot;,contents=(args[1] or &quot;&quot;),params={name=args.name,group=config.default_group}}, frame)
end

return z
---------------------------------------------------------------------
--NOTES
--
-- NOTE A1: This Lua module was originally designed to handle a mix
--      of citation styles, crossing Vancouver style with Wikipedia's
--      local Citation Style 1 (CS1) from {Template:Citation/core}.
--      However, the conflicting positions of parameters, scattered
--      in twisted locations across this module, led to a separate
--      variation just to untangle the CS1 format of citations.
--
-- NOTE D2: The placement of dots and other separators between the
--      displayed parameters has been a continual headache, to keep
--      coordinated with the data in parentheses &quot;(data)&quot;. There
--      has been a need to pre-check for the existence of related
--      options, to keep from putting double-dots &quot;..&quot; in some cases.
--      In particular, the omission of the &quot;title=&quot; parameter has led
--      to several cases of a spurious dot &quot;. .&quot; because the original
--      design had treated the title as a mandatory parameter.
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--HISTORY:
--18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter by omitting &quot; &quot;.
--18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter/Title as end &quot; &quot; of Authors/Date/...
--19Oct2012 Put HISTORY comments to log major changes (not typos).
--19Oct2012 Fixed extra dot &quot;..&quot; in Title by omitting at end of &quot;tcommon=...&quot;.
--19Oct2012 For pages, put &amp;nbsp in &quot;p.&amp;nbsp;&quot; etc.
--19Oct2012 Enhanced &quot;pages=&quot; to detect lone page as &quot;p.&quot; else &quot;pp.&quot; prefix.
--19Oct2012 Fixed to show &quot;.&quot; after Periodical name (work, newspaper...).
--19Oct2012 Fixed web-link to have spaces &quot;[...  Archived] from the original&quot;.
--19Oct2012 Fixed to show &quot;;&quot; between authors &amp; coauthors.
--19Oct2012 Fixed to omit extra &quot;.&quot; after coauthors.
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data to not urlencode all, as &quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&quot;
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not end as &quot;&amp;&quot; but use lead &quot;&amp;rft...=&quot; form.
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not url.encode page's &quot;rfr_id=...&quot; pagename.
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data when &quot;web&quot; to default to rft.genre &quot;book&quot;.
--05Nov2012 Add a span wrapper even when there is no Ref parameter
--15Feb2013 Added Agency for &quot;agency=xx&quot;.
--19Feb2013 Put NOTES comments to explain module operation.
--19Feb2013 Copied as Module:Citation/CS1 to alter to match wp:CS1 form.
--19Feb2013 Changed OrigYear to use [__] for CS1 style.
--19Feb2013 Fixed to not show duplicate Publisher/Agency.
--19Feb2013 Moved page-number parameters to after final date.
--19Feb2013 Fixed to not put double-dots after title again.
--20Feb2013 Changed to omit dot &quot;.&quot; if already ends with dot.
--20Feb2013 If class &quot;journal&quot; shows Publisher after Periodical/Series.
--20Feb2013 Shifted Format to after Language, and Others after Volume.
--20Feb2013 Set AccessDate + &lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;
--20Feb2013 Fixed url when deadurl=no.
--20Feb2013 Added sepc for separator character between parameters.
--20Feb2013 Put &quot;OCLC&quot; for &quot;Online Computer Library Center&quot;.
--20Feb2013 Fix empty &quot;authorlink=&quot; as person.link ~= &quot;&quot;.
--20Feb2013 Added space after AuthorSep &amp; AuthorNameSep.
--21Feb2013 Added args.contributor (was missing parameter).
--21Feb2013 Fixed EditorSep (was misspelled &quot;EdithorSep&quot;).
--21Feb2013 Set OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&quot;
--21Feb2013 Checked to omit blank codes (asin= | doi= etc.).
--21Feb2013 Set enddot to end line if not config.CitationClass &quot;citation&quot;.
--21Feb2013 Fixed to show &quot;issn=x&quot; as the ISSN code.
--21Feb2013 Fixed to show &quot;id=x&quot; after Zbl code.
--21Feb2013 Changed to omit double-dot before date when already dot.
--21Feb2013 Order config.CitationClass &quot;citation&quot;: Volume, Issue, Publisher.
--21Feb2013 Put warning &quot;Bad DOI (expected &quot;10.&quot;..)&quot; in DOI result.
--21Feb2013 Automatically unbolded volume+comma when &gt; 4 long.
--21Feb2013 Changed to allow lowercase &quot;asin-tld&quot;.
--22Feb2013 Fixed ref=harv to extract Year from Date.
--22Feb2013 Set Harvard refer. span id if config.CitationClass &quot;citation&quot;.
--22Feb2013 Fixed config.CitationClass &quot;citation&quot; as span class=&quot;citation&quot;.
--22Feb2013 Capitalized &quot;Archived/Retrieved&quot; only when sepc is dot &quot;.&quot;.
--23Feb2013 Fixed author editor for &quot;in&quot; or &quot;In&quot; and put space after sepc.
--23Feb2013 Changed to omit dot in &quot;et al.&quot; when sepc is &quot;.&quot; separator.
--23Feb2013 Fixed &quot;author1-first&quot; to also get args.given or args.given1.
--23Feb2013 Fixed args.article to set Title, after Periodical is Title.
--23Feb2013 Fixed to allow blank Title (such as &quot;contribution=mytitle&quot;).
--23Feb2013 Fixed double-dot &quot;..&quot; at end of Editors list
--26Feb2013 Moved &quot;issue=&quot; data to show before &quot;page=&quot;.
--26Feb2013 Moved &quot;type=&quot; data to show after &quot;format=&quot;.
--26Feb2013 For &quot;pmc=&quot; link, omitted suffix &quot;/?tool=pmcentrez&quot;.
--27Feb2013 For coauthors, omitted extra separator after authors.
--27Feb2013 For date, allowed empty date to use month/day/year.
--27Feb2013 Fixed double-dot &quot;..&quot; at end of authors/coauthors list.
--27Feb2013 Reset editor suffix as &quot;, ed.&quot; when date exists.
--27Feb2013 Removed duplicate display of &quot;others=&quot; data.
--27Feb2013 Removed parentheses &quot;( )&quot; around &quot;department&quot; TitleNote.
--05Mar2013 Moved Language to follow Periodical or Series.
--05Mar2013 Fixed Edition to follow Series or Volume.
--05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show article as quoted Chapter.
--05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show page as &quot;pp.&quot; or &quot;p.&quot;.
--07Mar2013 Changed class encyclopaedia to omit &quot;( )&quot; around publisher.
--07Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot by string.sub(idcommon,-1,-1) was &quot;-1,1&quot;.
--13Mar2013 Removed enddot &quot;.&quot; after &quot;quote=&quot; parameter.
--13Mar2013 Changed config.CitationClass &quot;news&quot; to use &quot;p.&quot; page format.
--13Mar2013 Fixed missing &quot;location=&quot; when &quot;web&quot; or &quot;encyclopaedia&quot;.
--14Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot after book/work title.
--14Mar2013 Fixed double-dot before &quot;p.&quot; or &quot;pp.&quot; page number.
--14Mar2013 Fixed config.CitationClass &quot;book&quot; to use p./pp. page.
--
--End</text>
      <sha1>bn0bkgu1e9g2vis9w2hkddtba2hjtfm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4077</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40734</id>
      <parentid>26660</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-27T11:50:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>6628</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>40734</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="83816" sha1="dxvavpb7f10caztnzq181eo6q9arl5p" xml:space="preserve">local z = {
	error_categories = {};
	error_ids = {};
	message_tail = {};
}

-- Whether variable is set or not
function is_set( var )
	return not (var == nil or var == '');
end

-- First set variable or nil if none
function first_set(...)
	local list = {...};
	for _, var in pairs(list) do
		if is_set( var ) then
			return var;
		end
	end
end

-- Whether needle is in haystack
function inArray( needle, haystack )
	if needle == nil then
		return false;
	end
	for n,v in ipairs( haystack ) do
		if v == needle then
			return n;
		end
	end
	return false;
end

--[[
Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  Because deprecated parameters (currently |day=, |month=,
|coauthor=, and |coauthors=) aren't related to each other and because these parameters may be concatenated into the variables used by |date= and |author#= (and aliases)
details of which parameter caused the error message are not provided.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated parameters in the citation.
]]
function deprecated_parameter()
	if true ~= Page_in_deprecated_cat then	-- if we haven't been here before then set a 
		Page_in_deprecated_cat=true;		-- sticky flag so that if there are more than one deprecated parameter the category is added only once
--		table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'deprecated_params', {error_message}, true ) } );		-- add error message
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'deprecated_params', {}, true ) } );		-- add error message
	end
end

-- Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table.
function substitute( msg, args )
--	return args and tostring( mw.message.newRawMessage( msg, args ) ) or msg;
	return args and mw.message.newRawMessage( msg, args ):plain() or msg;
end

--[[
Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the Module and a leading or trailing quote mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value.
This function will positive kern  either single or double quotes:
	&quot;'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'&quot;
	&quot; 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' &quot; (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example)
]]
function kern_quotes (str)
	local left='&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:0.2em;&quot;&gt;%1&lt;/span&gt;';		-- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark
	local right='&lt;span style=&quot;padding-right:0.2em;&quot;&gt;%1&lt;/span&gt;';		-- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark
	
	if  str:match (&quot;^[\&quot;\'][^\']&quot;) then
		str = string.gsub( str, &quot;^[\&quot;\']&quot;, left, 1 );				-- replace (captured) leading single or double quote with left-side &lt;span&gt;
	end
	if str:match (&quot;[^\'][\&quot;\']$&quot;) then
		str = string.gsub( str, &quot;[\&quot;\']$&quot;, right, 1 );			-- replace (captured) trailing single or double quote with right-side &lt;span&gt;
	end
	return str;
end

-- Wraps a string using a message_list configuration taking one argument
function wrap( key, str, lower )
	if not is_set( str ) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	elseif inArray( key, { 'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title' } ) then
		str = safeforitalics( str );
	end
	if lower == true then
		return substitute( cfg.messages[key]:lower(), {str} );
	else
		return substitute( cfg.messages[key], {str} );
	end		
end

--[[
Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument 
mapping defined in the configuration file so that multiple names
can be transparently aliased to single internal variable.
]]
function argument_wrapper( args )
	local origin = {};
	
	return setmetatable({
		ORIGIN = function( self, k )
			local dummy = self[k]; --force the variable to be loaded.
			return origin[k];
		end
	},
	{
		__index = function ( tbl, k )
			if origin[k] ~= nil then
				return nil;
			end
			
			local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k];
			
			if type( list ) == 'table' then
				v, origin[k] = selectone( args, list, 'redundant_parameters' );
				if origin[k] == nil then
					origin[k] = ''; -- Empty string, not nil
				end
			elseif list ~= nil then
				v, origin[k] = args[list], list;
			else
				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
				-- v, origin[k] = args[k], k;
				error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] );
			end
			
			-- Empty strings, not nil;
			if v == nil then
				v = cfg.defaults[k] or '';
				origin[k] = '';
			end
			
			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
			return v;
		end,
	});
end

--[[
Looks for a parameter's name in the whitelist.

Parameters in the whitelist can have three values:
	true - active, supported parameters
	false - deprecated, supported parameters
	nil - unsupported parameters
]]
function validate( name )
	local name = tostring( name );
	local state = whitelist.basic_arguments[ name ];
	
	-- Normal arguments
	if true == state then return true; end		-- valid actively supported parameter
	if false == state then
		deprecated_parameter ();				-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
		return true;
	end
	
	-- Arguments with numbers in them
	name = name:gsub( &quot;%d+&quot;, &quot;#&quot; );				-- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last#
	state = whitelist.numbered_arguments[ name ];
	if true == state then return true; end		-- valid actively supported parameter
	if false == state then
		deprecated_parameter ();				-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
		return true;
	end
	
	return false;								-- Not supported because not found or name is set to nil
end

-- Formats a comment for error trapping
function errorcomment( content, hidden )
	return wrap( hidden and 'hidden-error' or 'visible-error', content );
end

--[[
Sets an error condition and returns the appropriate error message.  The actual placement
of the error message in the output is the responsibility of the calling function.
]]
function seterror( error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix )
	local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[ error_id ];
	
	prefix = prefix or &quot;&quot;;
	suffix = suffix or &quot;&quot;;
	
	if error_state == nil then
		error( cfg.messages['undefined_error'] );
	elseif is_set( error_state.category ) then
		table.insert( z.error_categories, error_state.category );
	end
	
	local message = substitute( error_state.message, arguments );
	
	message = message .. &quot; ([[&quot; .. cfg.messages['help page link'] .. 
		&quot;#&quot; .. error_state.anchor .. &quot;|&quot; ..
		cfg.messages['help page label'] .. &quot;]])&quot;;
	
	z.error_ids[ error_id ] = true;
	if inArray( error_id, { 'bare_url_missing_title', 'trans_missing_title' } )
			and z.error_ids['citation_missing_title'] then
		return '', false;
	end
	
	message = table.concat({ prefix, message, suffix });
	
	if raw == true then
		return message, error_state.hidden;
	end		
		
	return errorcomment( message, error_state.hidden );
end

-- Formats a wiki style external link
function externallinkid(options)
	local url_string = options.id;
	if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then
		url_string = mw.uri.encode( url_string );
	end
	return mw.ustring.format( '[[%s|%s]]%s[%s%s%s %s]',
		options.link, options.label, options.separator or &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;,
		options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or &quot;&quot;,
		mw.text.nowiki(options.id)
	);
end

-- Formats a wiki style internal link
function internallinkid(options)
	return mw.ustring.format( '[[%s|%s]]%s[[%s%s%s|%s]]',
		options.link, options.label, options.separator or &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;,
		options.prefix, options.id, options.suffix or &quot;&quot;,
		mw.text.nowiki(options.id)
	);
end

-- Format an external link with error checking
function externallink( URL, label, source )
	local error_str = &quot;&quot;;
	if not is_set( label ) then
		label = URL;
		if is_set( source ) then
			error_str = seterror( 'bare_url_missing_title', { wrap( 'parameter', source ) }, false, &quot; &quot; );
		else
			error( cfg.messages[&quot;bare_url_no_origin&quot;] );
		end			
	end
	if not checkurl( URL ) then
		error_str = seterror( 'bad_url', {}, false, &quot; &quot; ) .. error_str;
	end
	return table.concat({ &quot;[&quot;, URL, &quot; &quot;, safeforurl( label ), &quot;]&quot;, error_str });
end

-- Formats a link to Amazon
function amazon(id, domain)
	if not is_set(domain) then 
		domain = &quot;com&quot;
	elseif ( &quot;jp&quot; == domain or &quot;uk&quot; == domain ) then
		domain = &quot;co.&quot; .. domain
	end
	local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ASIN'];
	return externallinkid({link = handler.link,
		label=handler.label , prefix=&quot;//www.amazon.&quot;..domain..&quot;/dp/&quot;,id=id,
		encode=handler.encode, separator = handler.separator})
end

--[[
format and error check arXiv identifier.  There are two valid forms of the identifier:
the first form, valid only between date codes 9108 and 0703 is:
	arXiv:&lt;archive&gt;.&lt;class&gt;/&lt;date code&gt;&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;archive&gt; is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation
	&lt;class&gt; is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation
	&lt;date code&gt; is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
		first digit of YY for this form can only 9 and 0
	&lt;number&gt; is a three-digit number
	&lt;version&gt; is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces (undocumented)
	
the second form, valid from April 2007 is:
	arXiv:&lt;date code&gt;.&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;date code&gt; is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
	&lt;number&gt; is a four-digit number
	&lt;version&gt; is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces
]]

function arxiv (id)
	local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ARXIV'];
	local year, month, version;
	local err_cat = &quot;&quot;
	
	year, month, version = id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/([90]%d)([01]%d)%d%d%d([v%d]*)$&quot;);				-- test for the 9108-0703 format
	if not year then		-- arXiv id is not proper 9108-0703 form
		year, month, version = id:match(&quot;^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d([v%d]*)$&quot;);	-- test for the 0704- format
		if not year then	
			err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_arxiv' );							-- arXiv id doesn't match either format
		else	-- id is the 0704- format
			year = tonumber(year);
			month = tonumber(month);
			if ((7 &gt; year) or (1 &gt; month and 12 &lt; month)) or					-- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years)
				((7 == year) and (4 &gt; month)) or								-- when year is 07, is month invalid (before April)?
				is_set (version) and nil == version:match(&quot;v%d+&quot;) then			-- is version proper format of single 'v' followed by digits?
					err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_arxiv' );					-- set error message
			end
		end
	else	-- id is the 9108-0703 format; are the date values ok
		year = tonumber(year);
		month = tonumber(month);
		if ((91 &gt; year and 7 &lt; year) or (1 &gt; month and 12 &lt; month)) or			-- if invalid year or invalid month
			((91 == year and 8 &gt; month) or (7 == year and 3 &lt; month)) or 		-- if years ok, are starting and ending months ok?
				is_set (version) and nil == version:match(&quot;v%d+&quot;) then			-- is version proper format of single 'v' followed by digits?
					err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_arxiv' );					-- set error message
		end
	end

	return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
			prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat;
end

--[[
lccn normalization (http://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#normalization)
1. Remove all blanks.
2. If there is a forward slash (/) in the string, remove it, and remove all characters to the right of the forward slash.
3. If there is a hyphen in the string:
	a. Remove it.
	b. Inspect the substring following (to the right of) the (removed) hyphen. Then (and assuming that steps 1 and 2 have been carried out):
		1. All these characters should be digits, and there should be six or less. (not done in this function)
		2. If the length of the substring is less than 6, left-fill the substring with zeroes until the length is six.

Returns a normalized lccn for lccn() to validate.  There is no error checking (step 3.b.1) performed in this function.
]]

function normalize_lccn (lccn)
	lccn = lccn:gsub (&quot;%s&quot;, &quot;&quot;);									-- 1. strip whitespace

	if nil ~= string.find (lccn,'/') then
		lccn = lccn:match (&quot;(.-)/&quot;);								-- 2. remove forward slash and all character to the right of it
	end

	local prefix
	local suffix
	prefix, suffix = lccn:match (&quot;(.+)%-(.+)&quot;);						-- 3.a remove hyphen by splitting the string into prefix and suffix

	if nil ~= suffix then											-- if there was a hyphen
		suffix=string.rep(&quot;0&quot;, 6-string.len (suffix)) .. suffix;	-- 3.b.2 left fill the suffix with 0s if suffix length less than 6
		lccn=prefix..suffix;										-- reassemble the lccn
	end
	
	return lccn;
	end

--[[
Format LCCN link and do simple error checking.  LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the
rightmost eight are always digits. http://info-uri.info/registry/OAIHandler?verb=GetRecord&amp;metadataPrefix=reg&amp;identifier=info:lccn/

length = 8 then all digits
length = 9 then lccn[1] is alpha
length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both alpha or both digits
length = 11 then lccn[1] is alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both alpha or both digits
length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both alpha

]]
function lccn(lccn)
	local handler = cfg.id_handlers['LCCN'];
	local err_cat =  '';								-- presume that LCCN is valid
	local id = lccn;									-- local copy of the lccn

	id = normalize_lccn (id);							-- get canonical form (no whitespace, hyphens, forward slashes)
	local len = id:len();								-- get the length of the lccn

	if 8 == len then
		if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then						-- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits)
			err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' );	-- set an error message
		end
	elseif 9 == len then								-- LCCN should be adddddddd
		if nil == id:match(&quot;%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then			-- does it match our pattern?
			err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' );	-- set an error message
		end
	elseif 10 == len then								-- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd
		if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then							-- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ...
			if nil == id:match(&quot;^%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then	-- ... see if it matches our pattern
				err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' );	-- no match, set an error message
			end
		end
	elseif 11 == len then								-- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd
		if not (id:match(&quot;^%a%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;)) then	-- see if it matches one of our patterns
			err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' );	-- no match, set an error message
		end
	elseif 12 == len then								-- LCCN should be aadddddddddd
		if not id:match(&quot;^%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then	-- see if it matches our pattern
			err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' );	-- no match, set an error message
		end
	else
		err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' );		-- wrong length, set an error message
	end

	if not is_set (err_cat) and nil ~= lccn:find ('%s') then
		err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' );		-- lccn contains a space, set an error message
	end

	return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
			prefix=handler.prefix,id=lccn,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat;
end

--[[
Format PMID and do simple error checking.  PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the PMID to see that it
contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued.
]]
function pmid(id)
	local test_limit = 30000000;						-- update this value as PMIDs approach
	local handler = cfg.id_handlers['PMID'];
	local err_cat =  '';								-- presume that PMID is valid
	
	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then							-- if PMID has anything but digits
		err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmid' );		-- set an error message
	else												-- PMID is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber(id);					-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or test_limit &lt; id_num then		-- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries
			err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmid' );	-- set an error message
		end
	end
	
	return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
			prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat;
end

--[[
Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |embargo= against today's date.  If embargo date is
in the future, returns true; otherwise, returns false because the embargo has expired or |embargo= not set in this cite.
]]
function is_embargoed(embargo)
	if is_set(embargo) then
		local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
		local good1, embargo_date, good2, todays_date;
		good1, embargo_date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo );
		good2, todays_date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'U' );
	
		if good1 and good2 and tonumber( embargo_date ) &gt;= tonumber( todays_date ) then	--is embargo date is in the future?
			return true;	-- still embargoed
		end
	end
	return false;			-- embargo expired or |embargo= not set
end

--[[
Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles.

The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future
the PMC identifier will not be linked to the article.  If the embargo specifies a date in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then
the PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix.

PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less
than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued.
]]
function pmc(id, embargo)
	local test_limit = 5000000;							-- update this value as PMCs approach
	local handler = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'];
	local err_cat =  '';								-- presume that PMC is valid
	
	local text;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then							-- if PMC has anything but digits
		err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmc' );			-- set an error message
	else												-- PMC is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber(id);					-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or test_limit &lt; id_num then		-- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries
			err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmc' );		-- set an error message
		end
	end
	
	if is_embargoed(embargo) then
		text=&quot;[[&quot; .. handler.link .. &quot;|&quot; .. handler.label .. &quot;]]:&quot; .. handler.separator .. id .. err_cat;	--still embargoed so no external link
	else
		text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,			--no embargo date, ok to link to article
			prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat;
	end
	return text;
end

-- Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors.

-- DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash.
--  Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code
--  Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant

-- This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix.  If the doi name contains spaces or endashes,
-- or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message.

-- DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash,
-- and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in doi names.

function doi(id, inactive)
	local cat = &quot;&quot;
	local handler = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'];
	
	local text;
	if is_set(inactive) then
		local inactive_year = inactive:match(&quot;%d%d%d%d&quot;) or '';		-- try to get the year portion from the inactive date
		text = &quot;[[&quot; .. handler.link .. &quot;|&quot; .. handler.label .. &quot;]]:&quot; .. id;
		if is_set(inactive_year) then
			table.insert( z.error_categories, &quot;Pages with DOIs inactive since &quot; .. inactive_year );
		else
			table.insert( z.error_categories, &quot;Pages with inactive DOIs&quot; );	-- when inactive doesn't contain a recognizable year
		end
		inactive = &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['inactive'] .. &quot; &quot; .. inactive .. &quot;)&quot; 
	else 
		text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
			prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode})
		inactive = &quot;&quot; 
	end

	if nil == id:match(&quot;^10%.[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$&quot;) then	-- doi must begin with '10.', must contain a fwd slash, must not contain spaces or endashes, and must not end with period or comma
		cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_doi' );
	end
	return text .. inactive .. cat 
end

-- Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors.
function openlibrary(id)
	local code = id:sub(-1,-1)
	local handler = cfg.id_handlers['OL'];
	if ( code == &quot;A&quot; ) then
		return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
			prefix=&quot;http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL&quot;,id=id, separator=handler.separator,
			encode = handler.encode})
	elseif ( code == &quot;M&quot; ) then
		return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
			prefix=&quot;http://openlibrary.org/books/OL&quot;,id=id, separator=handler.separator,
			encode = handler.encode})
	elseif ( code == &quot;W&quot; ) then
		return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
			prefix= &quot;http://openlibrary.org/works/OL&quot;,id=id, separator=handler.separator,
			encode = handler.encode})
	else
		return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
			prefix= &quot;http://openlibrary.org/OL&quot;,id=id, separator=handler.separator,
			encode = handler.encode}) .. 
			' ' .. seterror( 'bad_ol' );
	end
end

--[[
Validate and format an issn.  This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but has separated the two groups of four
digits with a space.  When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked like this:

	|issn=0819 4327 gives: [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327]  -- can't have spaces in an external link
	
This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the issn midpoint.  It also validates the issn for length and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees
with the calculated value.  Incorrect length (8 digits), characters other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check issn
error message.  The issn is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the issn was given as a single group of 8 digits.
]]
function issn(id)
	local issn_copy = id;		-- save a copy of unadulterated issn; use this version for display if issn does not validate
	local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ISSN'];
	local text;
	local valid_issn = true;

	id=id:gsub( &quot;[%s-–]&quot;, &quot;&quot; );									-- strip spaces, hyphens, and endashes from the issn

	if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match( &quot;^%d*X?$&quot; ) then		-- validate the issn: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position
		valid_issn=false;										-- wrong length or improper character
	else
		valid_issn=is_valid_isxn(id, 8);						-- validate issn
	end

	if true == valid_issn then
		id = string.sub( id, 1, 4 ) .. &quot;-&quot; .. string.sub( id, 5 );	-- if valid, display correctly formatted version
	else
		id = issn_copy;											-- if not valid, use the show the invalid issn with error message
	end
	
	text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
		prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode})
 
	if false == valid_issn then
		text = text .. ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_issn' )			-- add an error message if the issn is invalid
	end 
	
	return text
end

--[[
This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=&lt;default value&gt;) for those citations that have defaults.
Also handles the special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none).
]]
function set_titletype(cite_class, title_type)
	if is_set(title_type) then
		if &quot;none&quot; == title_type then
			title_type = &quot;&quot;;					-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed
		end
		return title_type;						-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value
	end

	if &quot;AV-media-notes&quot; == cite_class or &quot;DVD-notes&quot; == cite_class then		-- if this citation is cite AV media notes or cite DVD notes
		return &quot;Media notes&quot;;					-- display AV media notes / DVD media notes annotation

	elseif &quot;podcast&quot; == cite_class then			-- if this citation is cite podcast
		return &quot;Podcast&quot;;						-- display podcast annotation

	elseif &quot;pressrelease&quot; == cite_class then	-- if this citation is cite press release
		return &quot;Press release&quot;;					-- display press release annotation

	elseif &quot;techreport&quot; == cite_class then		-- if this citation is cite techreport
		return &quot;Technical report&quot;;				-- display techreport annotation
	
	elseif &quot;thesis&quot; == cite_class then			-- if this citation is cite thesis (degree option handled after this function returns)
			return &quot;Thesis&quot;;					-- display simple thesis annotation (without |degree= modification)
	end
end

--[[
Determines whether a URL string is valid

At present the only check is whether the string appears to 
be prefixed with a URI scheme.  It is not determined whether 
the URI scheme is valid or whether the URL is otherwise well 
formed.
]]
function checkurl( url_str )
	-- Protocol-relative or URL scheme
	return url_str:sub(1,2) == &quot;//&quot; or url_str:match( &quot;^[^/]*:&quot; ) ~= nil;
end

-- Removes irrelevant text and dashes from ISBN number
-- Similar to that used for Special:BookSources
function cleanisbn( isbn_str )
	return isbn_str:gsub( &quot;[^-0-9X]&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
end

-- Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS.
--TODO: Fix so this code supports urls like this:
--	http://www.history.navy.mil/download/va125153.pdf#page=13 %w/:\.
function get_coins_pages (pages)
	if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end			-- if no page numbers then we're done
	
	while true do
		pattern = pages:match(&quot;%[(%w*:?//[^ ]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]&quot;);	-- pattern is the opening bracket, the url and following space(s): &quot;[url &quot;
		if nil == pattern then break; end					-- no more urls
		pattern = pattern:gsub(&quot;([%^%$%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])&quot;, &quot;%%%1&quot;);	-- pattern is not a literal string; escape lua's magic pattern characters
		pages = pages:gsub(pattern, &quot;&quot;);					-- remove as many instances of pattern as possible
	end
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;[%[%]]&quot;, &quot;&quot;);						-- remove the brackets
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;–&quot;, &quot;-&quot; );							-- replace endashes with hyphens
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;&amp;%w+;&quot;, &quot;-&quot; );						-- and replace html entities (&amp;ndash; etc.) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like &amp;#32; and the like?
	return pages;
end

--[[
ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all isbn/issn digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in checkisbn().
If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, issbn/issn must be checked for length and stripped of dashes,
spaces and other non-isxn characters.
]]
function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len)
	local temp = 0;
	isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) };	-- make a table of bytes
	len = len+1;							-- adjust to be a loop counter
	for i, v in ipairs( isxn_str ) do		-- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum
		if v == string.byte( &quot;X&quot; ) then		-- if checkdigit is X
			temp = temp + 10*( len - i );	-- it represents 10 decimal
		else
			temp = temp + tonumber( string.char(v) )*(len-i);
		end
	end
	return temp % 11 == 0;					-- returns true if calculation result is zero
end

-- Determines whether an ISBN string is valid
function checkisbn( isbn_str )
	if nil ~= isbn_str:match(&quot;[^%s-0-9X]&quot;) then return false; end		-- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X
	isbn_str = isbn_str:gsub( &quot;-&quot;, &quot;&quot; ):gsub( &quot; &quot;, &quot;&quot; );	-- remove hyphens and spaces
	local len = isbn_str:len();
 
	if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then
		return false;
	end

	if len == 10 then
		if isbn_str:match( &quot;^%d*X?$&quot; ) == nil then return false; end
		return is_valid_isxn(isbn_str, 10);
	else
		local temp = 0;
		if isbn_str:match( &quot;^97[89]%d*$&quot; ) == nil then return false; end	-- isbn13 begins with 978 or 979
		isbn_str = { isbn_str:byte(1, len) };
		for i, v in ipairs( isbn_str ) do
			temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber( string.char(v) );
		end
		return temp % 10 == 0;
	end
end

-- Gets the display text for a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B
function removewikilink( str )
	return (str:gsub( &quot;%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]&quot;, function(l)
		return l:gsub( &quot;^[^|]*|(.*)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot; ):gsub(&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;);
	end));
end

-- Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions
function safeforurl( str )
	if str:match( &quot;%[%[.-%]%]&quot; ) ~= nil then 
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'wikilink_in_url', {}, true ) } );
	end
	
	return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {	
		['['] = '&amp;#91;',
		[']'] = '&amp;#93;',
		['\n'] = ' ' } );
end

-- Converts a hyphen to a dash
function hyphentodash( str )
	if not is_set(str) or str:match( &quot;[%[%]{}&lt;&gt;]&quot; ) ~= nil then
		return str;
	end	
	return str:gsub( '-', '–' );
end

-- Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... ''
function safeforitalics( str )
	--[[ Note: We cannot use &lt;i&gt; for italics, as the expected behavior for
	italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that they will be inverted
	(i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition, &lt;i&gt; and ''
	tend to interact poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy. ]]
	
	if not is_set(str) then
		return str;
	else
		if str:sub(1,1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = &quot;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&quot; .. str; end
		if str:sub(-1,-1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = str .. &quot;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&quot;; end
		
		-- Remove newlines as they break italics.
		return str:gsub( '\n', ' ' );
	end
end

--[[
Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.

TODO: safejoin() has a flaw where it won't remove the duplicate character from a |title= / |url= combination.
This is because by the time we get here, |title=http://somesite.com and |title=Document Title. have been combined:
	[http://somesite.com and ''Document Title.'']
so that now, the last character is not sepc but is ] (unless sepc == ']' which breaks the external link)
]]
function safejoin( tbl, duplicate_char )
	--[[
	Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions.
	
	This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as 
	long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII.  The strings
	in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8.
	]]
	
	local str = '';
	local comp = '';
	local end_chr = '';
	local trim;
	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
		if value == nil then value = ''; end
		
		if str == '' then
			str = value;
		elseif value ~= '' then
			if value:sub(1,1) == '&lt;' then
				-- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
				comp = value:gsub( &quot;%b&lt;&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
			else
				comp = value;
			end
			
			if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then
				trim = false;
				end_chr = str:sub(-1,-1);
				-- str = str .. &quot;&lt;HERE(enchr=&quot; .. end_chr.. &quot;)&quot;
				if end_chr == duplicate_char then
					str = str:sub(1,-2);
				elseif end_chr == &quot;'&quot; then
					if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;''&quot; then
						str = str:sub(1, -4) .. &quot;''&quot;;
					elseif str:sub(-5,-1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]''&quot; then
						trim = true;
					elseif str:sub(-4,-1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]''&quot; then
						trim = true;
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot;]&quot; then
					if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]&quot; then
						trim = true;
					elseif str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]&quot; then
						trim = true;
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot; &quot; then
					if str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. &quot; &quot; then
						str = str:sub(1,-3);
					end
				end

				if trim then
					if value ~= comp then 
						local dup2 = duplicate_char;
						if dup2:match( &quot;%A&quot; ) then dup2 = &quot;%&quot; .. dup2; end
						
						value = value:gsub( &quot;(%b&lt;&gt;)&quot; .. dup2, &quot;%1&quot;, 1 )
					else
						value = value:sub( 2, -1 );
					end
				end
			end
			str = str .. value;
		end
	end
	return str;
end  

-- Attempts to convert names to initials.
function reducetoinitials(first)
	local initials = {}
	local i = 0;										-- counter for number of initials
	for word in string.gmatch(first, &quot;%S+&quot;) do
		table.insert(initials, string.sub(word,1,1))	-- Vancouver format does not include full stops.
		i = i + 1;										-- bump the counter 
		if 2 &lt;= i then break; end						-- only two initials allowed in Vancouver system; if 2, quit
	end
	return table.concat(initials)						-- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
end

-- Formats a list of people (e.g. authors / editors) 
function listpeople(control, people)
	local sep = control.sep;
	local namesep = control.namesep
	local format = control.format
	local maximum = control.maximum
	local lastauthoramp = control.lastauthoramp;
	local text = {}
	local etal = false;
	
	if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= &quot; &quot; then sep = sep .. &quot; &quot; end
	if maximum ~= nil and maximum &lt; 1 then return &quot;&quot;, 0; end
	
	for i,person in ipairs(people) do
		if is_set(person.last) then
			local mask = person.mask
			local one
			local sep_one = sep;
			if maximum ~= nil and i &gt; maximum then
				etal = true;
				break;
			elseif (mask ~= nil) then
				local n = tonumber(mask)
				if (n ~= nil) then
					one = string.rep(&quot;&amp;mdash;&quot;,n)
				else
					one = mask;
					sep_one = &quot; &quot;;
				end
			else
				one = person.last
				local first = person.first
				if is_set(first) then 
					if ( &quot;vanc&quot; == format ) then first = reducetoinitials(first) end
					one = one .. namesep .. first 
				end
				if is_set(person.link) then one = &quot;[[&quot; .. person.link .. &quot;|&quot; .. one .. &quot;]]&quot; end
				if is_set(person.link) and nil ~= person.link:find(&quot;//&quot;) then one = one .. &quot; &quot; .. seterror( 'bad_authorlink' ) end	-- check for url in author link;
			end
			table.insert( text, one )
			table.insert( text, sep_one )
		end
	end

	local count = #text / 2;
	if count &gt; 0 then 
		if count &gt; 1 and is_set(lastauthoramp) and not etal then
			text[#text-2] = &quot; &amp; &quot;;
		end
		text[#text] = nil; 
	end
	
	local result = table.concat(text) -- construct list
	if etal then 
		local etal_text = cfg.messages['et al'];
		result = result .. &quot; &quot; .. etal_text;
	end
	
	-- if necessary wrap result in &lt;span&gt; tag to format in Small Caps
	if ( &quot;scap&quot; == format ) then result = 
		'&lt;span class=&quot;smallcaps&quot; style=&quot;font-variant:small-caps&quot;&gt;' .. result .. '&lt;/span&gt;';
	end 
	return result, count
end

-- Generates a CITEREF anchor ID.
function anchorid( options )
	return &quot;CITEREF&quot; .. table.concat( options );
end

--[[
Gets name list from the input arguments

Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters.
Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't
find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done.

This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3=
are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required to have a matching |firstn=.
]]
--Original function
function extractnames(args, list_name)
    local names = {};
    local i = 1;
    local last;
 
    while true do
        last = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'redundant_parameters', i );
        if not is_set(last) then
            -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter
            break;
        end
        names[i] = {
            last = last,
            first = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'redundant_parameters', i ),
            link = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'redundant_parameters', i ),
            mask = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'redundant_parameters', i )
        };
        i = i + 1;
    end
    return names;
end

--[[ Broken.  Editor CITEREF IDs are broken by this code (no editor list). Author CITEREF ID render correctly
function extractnames(args, list_name)
	local names = {};			-- table of names
	local i = 1;				-- loop counter/indexer
	local count = 0;			-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)
	
	local err_msg_list_name = list_name:match (&quot;(%w+)List&quot;) .. 's list';		-- modify AuthorList or EditorList for use in error messages if necessary

	while true do
		names[i] =				-- search through args for name components beginning at 1
			{
			last = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'redundant_parameters', i ),
			first = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'redundant_parameters', i ),
			link = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'redundant_parameters', i ),
			mask = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'redundant_parameters', i )
			};
		if names[i].first and not names[i].last then							-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn
			names[i].first = nil;												-- set first to nil so we don't confuse the implicit et al message code
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'first_missing_last', {err_msg_list_name, i}, true ) } );	-- add this error message
			break;																-- and done because lastn not found
		elseif not names[i].first and not names[i].last then					-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done?
			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first
			if 2 == count then													-- two missing names and we give up
				break;															-- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which
			end
		else																	-- last with or without a first
			if 1 == count then													-- if the previous name was missing
				table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'missing_name', {err_msg_list_name, i-1}, true ) } );		-- add this error message
			end
			count = 0;															-- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- bump to the next name
	end
	return names;																-- all done, return our list of names
end
]]


-- Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings
function extractids( args )
	local id_list = {};
	for k, v in pairs( cfg.id_handlers ) do	
		v = selectone( args, v.parameters, 'redundant_parameters' );
		if is_set(v) then id_list[k] = v; end
	end
	return id_list;
end

-- Takes a table of IDs and turns it into a table of formatted ID outputs.
function buildidlist( id_list, options )
	local new_list, handler = {};
	
	function fallback(k) return { __index = function(t,i) return cfg.id_handlers[k][i] end } end;
	
	for k, v in pairs( id_list ) do
		-- fallback to read-only cfg
		handler = setmetatable( { ['id'] = v }, fallback(k) );
		
		if handler.mode == 'external' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, externallinkid( handler ) } );
		elseif handler.mode == 'internal' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, internallinkid( handler ) } );
		elseif handler.mode ~= 'manual' then
			error( cfg.messages['unknown_ID_mode'] );
		elseif k == 'DOI' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, doi( v, options.DoiBroken ) } );
		elseif k == 'ARXIV' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, arxiv( v ) } ); 
		elseif k == 'ASIN' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, amazon( v, options.ASINTLD ) } ); 
		elseif k == 'LCCN' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, lccn( v ) } );
		elseif k == 'OL' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, openlibrary( v ) } );
		elseif k == 'PMC' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, pmc( v, options.Embargo ) } );
		elseif k == 'PMID' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, pmid( v ) } );
		elseif k == 'ISSN' then
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, issn( v ) } );
		elseif k == 'ISBN' then
			local ISBN = internallinkid( handler );
			if not checkisbn( v ) and not is_set(options.IgnoreISBN) then
				ISBN = ISBN .. seterror( 'bad_isbn', {}, false, &quot; &quot;, &quot;&quot; );
			end
			table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, ISBN } );				
		else
			error( cfg.messages['unknown_manual_ID'] );
		end
	end
	
	function comp( a, b )	-- used in following table.sort()
		return a[1] &lt; b[1];
	end
	
	table.sort( new_list, comp );
	for k, v in ipairs( new_list ) do
		new_list[k] = v[2];
	end
	
	return new_list;
end
  
-- Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider
-- Generates an error if more than one match is present.
function selectone( args, possible, error_condition, index )
	local value = nil;
	local selected = '';
	local error_list = {};
	
	if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end
	
	-- Handle special case of &quot;#&quot; replaced by empty string
	if index == '1' then
		for _, v in ipairs( possible ) do
			v = v:gsub( &quot;#&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
			if is_set(args[v]) then
				if value ~= nil and selected ~= v then
					table.insert( error_list, v );
				else
					value = args[v];
					selected = v;
				end
			end
		end		
	end
	
	for _, v in ipairs( possible ) do
		if index ~= nil then
			v = v:gsub( &quot;#&quot;, index );
		end
		if is_set(args[v]) then
			if value ~= nil and selected ~=  v then
				table.insert( error_list, v );
			else
				value = args[v];
				selected = v;
			end
		end
	end
	
	if #error_list &gt; 0 then
		local error_str = &quot;&quot;;
		for _, k in ipairs( error_list ) do
			if error_str ~= &quot;&quot; then error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-separator'] end
			error_str = error_str .. wrap( 'parameter', k );
		end
		if #error_list &gt; 1 then
			error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-final-separator'];
		else
			error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-pair-separator'];
		end
		error_str = error_str .. wrap( 'parameter', selected );
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( error_condition, {error_str}, true ) } );
	end
	
	return value, selected;
end

-- COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) allows automated tools to parse
-- the citation information.
function COinS(data)
	if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then
		return '';
	end
	
	local ctx_ver = &quot;Z39.88-2004&quot;;
	
	-- treat table strictly as an array with only set values.
	local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, {
		__newindex = function(self, key, value)
			if is_set(value) then
				rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( removewikilink( value ) ) } );
			end
		end
	});
	
	if is_set(data.Chapter) then
		OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&quot;;
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;bookitem&quot;;
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.btitle&quot;] = data.Chapter;
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Title;
	elseif is_set(data.Periodical) then
		OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&quot;;
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;article&quot;;
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.jtitle&quot;] = data.Periodical;
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Title;
	else
		OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&quot;;
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;book&quot;
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.btitle&quot;] = data.Title;
	end
	
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.place&quot;] = data.PublicationPlace;
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.date&quot;] = data.Date;
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.series&quot;] = data.Series;
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.volume&quot;] = data.Volume;
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.issue&quot;] = data.Issue;
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pages&quot;] = data.Pages;
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.edition&quot;] = data.Edition;
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pub&quot;] = data.PublisherName;
	
	for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do
		local id, value = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS;
		if k == 'ISBN' then value = cleanisbn( v ); else value = v; end
		if string.sub( id or &quot;&quot;, 1, 4 ) == 'info' then
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat{ id, &quot;/&quot;, v };
		else
			OCinSoutput[ id ] = value;
		end
	end
	
	local last, first;
	for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do
		last, first = v.last, v.first;
		if k == 1 then
			if is_set(last) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.aulast&quot;] = last;
			end
			if is_set(first) then 
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.aufirst&quot;] = first;
			end
		end
		if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = table.concat{ last, &quot;, &quot;, first };
		elseif is_set(last) then
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = last;
		end
	end
	
	OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL;
	OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ &quot;info:sid/&quot;, mw.site.server:match( &quot;[^/]*$&quot; ), &quot;:&quot;, data.RawPage };
	OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil );
	
	-- sort with version string always first, and combine.
	table.sort( OCinSoutput );
	table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, &quot;ctx_ver=&quot; .. ctx_ver );  -- such as &quot;Z39.88-2004&quot;
	return table.concat(OCinSoutput, &quot;&amp;&quot;);
end

--[[
This is the main function doing the majority of the citation
formatting.
]]
function citation0( config, args)
	--[[ 
	Load Input Parameters
	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple
	aliases to single internal variable.
	]]
	local A = argument_wrapper( args );

	local i 
	local PPrefix = A['PPrefix']
	local PPPrefix = A['PPPrefix']
	if is_set( A['NoPP'] ) then PPPrefix = &quot;&quot; PPrefix = &quot;&quot; end
	
	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.	
	local Authors = A['Authors'];
	local a = extractnames( args, 'AuthorList' );

	local Coauthors = A['Coauthors'];
	local Others = A['Others'];
	local Editors = A['Editors'];
	local e = extractnames( args, 'EditorList' );

	local Year = A['Year'];
	local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate'];
	local OrigYear = A['OrigYear'];
	local Date = A['Date'];
	local LayDate = A['LayDate'];
	------------------------------------------------- Get title data
	local Title = A['Title'];
	local BookTitle = A['BookTitle'];
	local Conference = A['Conference'];
	local TransTitle = A['TransTitle'];
	local TitleNote = A['TitleNote'];
	local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];
	local Chapter = A['Chapter'];
	local ChapterLink = A['ChapterLink'];
	local TransChapter = A['TransChapter'];
	local TitleType = A['TitleType'];
	local Degree = A['Degree'];
	local Docket = A['Docket'];
	local ArchiveURL = A['ArchiveURL'];
	local URL = A['URL']
	local URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('URL');
	local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL'];
	local ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');
	local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL'];
	local ConferenceURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');
	local Periodical = A['Periodical'];

	local Series = A['Series'];
	local Volume = A['Volume'];
	local Issue = A['Issue'];
	local Position = '';
	local Page = A['Page'];
	local Pages = hyphentodash( A['Pages'] );	
	local At = A['At'];

	local Edition = A['Edition'];
	local PublicationPlace = A['PublicationPlace']
	local Place = A['Place'];
	
	local PublisherName = A['PublisherName'];
	local RegistrationRequired = A['RegistrationRequired'];
	local SubscriptionRequired = A['SubscriptionRequired'];
	local Via = A['Via'];
	local AccessDate = A['AccessDate'];
	local ArchiveDate = A['ArchiveDate'];
	local Agency = A['Agency'];
	local DeadURL = A['DeadURL']
	local Language = A['Language'];
	local Format = A['Format'];
	local Ref = A['Ref'];
	local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken'];
	local ID = A['ID'];
	local ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'];
	local IgnoreISBN = A['IgnoreISBN'];
	local Embargo = A['Embargo'];

	local ID_list = extractids( args );
--[[ Hide unfinished cite newsgroup code so that long delayed update can take place
	-- special case for cite newsgroup which uses |id= for a usenet article or post id
	-- |id= is not included in COinS so here we convert it to an ID that will be included in COinS
	if ('newsgroup' == config.CitationClass) and (is_set (ID)) then
		ID_list['USENETID']=ID;			-- add this new 'id' to the list of IDs
		ID = '';						-- and unset
	end
]]	
	local Quote = A['Quote'];
	local PostScript = A['PostScript'];

	local LayURL = A['LayURL'];
	local LaySource = A['LaySource'];
	local Transcript = A['Transcript'];
	local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL'] 
	local TranscriptURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');
	local sepc = A['Separator'];

	local LastAuthorAmp = A['LastAuthorAmp'];
	local no_tracking_cats = A['NoTracking'];

--these are used by cite interview
	local Callsign = A['Callsign'];
	local City = A['City'];
	local Cointerviewers = A['Cointerviewers'];			-- deprecated
	local Interviewer = A['Interviewer'];				-- deprecated
	local Program = A['Program'];

--local variables that are not cs1 parameters
	local page_type;									-- is this needed?  Doesn't appear to be used anywhere;
	local use_lowercase = ( sepc ~= '.' );
	local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();		--Also used for COinS and for language
	local anchor_year;									-- used in the CITEREF identifier
	local COinS_date;									-- used in the COinS metadata

-- Set postscript default.
	if not is_set (PostScript) then						-- if |postscript= has not been set (Postscript is nil which is the default for {{citation}}) and
		if (config.CitationClass ~= &quot;citation&quot;) then	-- this template is not a citation template
			PostScript = '.';							-- must be a cite xxx template so set postscript to default (period)
		end
	else
		if PostScript:lower() == 'none' then			-- if |postscript=none then
			PostScript = '';							-- no postscript
		end
	end

--check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories.
	if not is_set(no_tracking_cats) then				-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page
		for k, v in pairs( cfg.uncategorized_namespaces ) do	-- otherwise, spin through the list of namespaces we don't include in error categories
			if this_page.nsText == v then				-- if we find one
				no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;				-- set no_tracking_cats
				break;									-- and we're done
			end
		end
	end

-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. 
	if is_set(Page) then
		if is_set(Pages) or is_set(At) then
			Page = Page .. &quot; &quot; .. seterror('extra_pages');	-- add error message
			Pages = '';										-- unset the others
			At = '';
		end
	elseif is_set(Pages) then
		if is_set(At) then
			Pages = Pages .. &quot; &quot; .. seterror('extra_pages');	-- add error messages
			At = '';											-- unset
		end
	end	

-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different
	if not is_set(PublicationPlace) and is_set(Place) then
		PublicationPlace = Place;							-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
	end
	
	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end		-- don't need both if they are the same
	
--[[
Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia:
When the citation has these parameters:
	|encyclopedia and |title then map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title
	|encyclopedia and |article then map |encyclopedia to |title
	|encyclopedia then map |encyclopedia to |title

	|trans_title maps to |trans_chapter when |title is re-mapped

All other combinations of |encyclopedia, |title, and |article are not modified
]]
	if ( config.CitationClass == &quot;encyclopaedia&quot; ) then
		if is_set(Periodical) then					-- Periodical is set when |encyclopedia is set
			if is_set(Title) then
				if not is_set(Chapter) then
					Chapter = Title;				-- |encyclopedia and |title are set so map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title
					TransChapter = TransTitle;
					Title = Periodical;
					Periodical = '';				-- redundant so unset
					TransTitle = '';				-- redundant so unset
				end
			else									-- |title not set
				Title = Periodical;					-- |encyclopedia set and |article set or not set so map |encyclopedia to |title
				Periodical = '';					-- redundant so unset
			end
		end
	end

--special cases for citation.
	if (config.CitationClass == &quot;citation&quot;) then		-- for citation templates
		if not is_set (Ref) then						-- if |ref= is not set
			Ref = &quot;harv&quot;;								-- set default |ref=harv
		end
		if not is_set (sepc) then						-- if |separator= is not set
			sepc = ',';									-- set citation separator to its default (comma)
		end
	else												-- not a citation template
		if not is_set (sepc) then						-- if |separator= has not been set
			sepc = '.';									-- set cite xxx separator to its default (period)
		end
	end

-- check for special case where |separator=none
	if 'none' == sepc:lower() then						-- if |separator=none
		sepc = '';										-- then set it to an empty string
	end

-- Special case for cite techreport.
	if (config.CitationClass == &quot;techreport&quot;) then	-- special case for cite techreport
		if is_set(Issue) then						-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations aliase to 'issue'
			if not is_set(ID) then					-- can we use ID for the &quot;number&quot;?
				ID = Issue;							-- yes, use it
				Issue = &quot;&quot;;							-- unset Issue so that &quot;number&quot; isn't duplicated in the rendered citation or COinS metadata
			else									-- can't use ID so emit error message
				ID = ID .. &quot; &quot; .. seterror('redundant_parameters', '&lt;code&gt;&amp;#124;id=&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&amp;#124;number=&lt;/code&gt;');
			end
		end	
	end

-- special case for cite interview
	if (config.CitationClass == &quot;interview&quot;) then
		if is_set(Program) then
			ID = ' ' .. Program;
		end
		if is_set(Callsign) then
			if is_set(ID) then
				ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. Callsign;
			else
				ID = ' ' .. Callsign;
			end
		end
		if is_set(City) then
			if is_set(ID) then
				ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. City;
			else
				ID = ' ' .. City;
			end
		end

		if is_set(Interviewer) then
			if is_set(TitleType) then
				Others = ' ' .. TitleType .. ' with ' .. Interviewer;
				TitleType = '';
			else
				Others = ' ' .. 'Interview with ' .. Interviewer;
			end
			if is_set(Cointerviewers) then
				Others = Others .. sepc .. ' ' .. Cointerviewers;
			end
		else
			Others = '(Interview)';
		end
	end

--Account for the oddity that is {{cite journal}} with |pmc= set and |url= not set
	if config.CitationClass == &quot;journal&quot; and not is_set(URL) and is_set(ID_list['PMC']) then
		if not is_embargoed(Embargo) then
			URL=cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix .. ID_list['PMC'];	-- set url to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed
			URLorigin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1];		-- set URLorigin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
		end
	end

-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
--TODO: if this is only for {{cite conference}}, shouldn't we be checking? (if config.CitationClass=='conference' then ...)
	if is_set(BookTitle) then
		Chapter = Title;
		ChapterLink = TitleLink;
		TransChapter = TransTitle;
		Title = BookTitle;
		TitleLink = '';
		TransTitle = '';
	end

-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite episode}}, before generation of COinS data.
--[[	-- {{cite episode}} is not currently supported by this module
	if config.CitationClass == &quot;episode&quot; then
		local AirDate = A['AirDate'];
		local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];
		local Season = A['Season'];
		local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];
		local Network = A['Network'];
		local Station = A['Station'];
		local s, n = {}, {};
		local Sep = (first_set(A[&quot;SeriesSeparator&quot;], A[&quot;Separator&quot;]) or &quot;&quot;) .. &quot; &quot;;
		
		if is_set(Issue) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages[&quot;episode&quot;] .. &quot; &quot; .. Issue); Issue = ''; end
		if is_set(Season) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages[&quot;season&quot;] .. &quot; &quot; .. Season); end
		if is_set(SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages[&quot;series&quot;] .. &quot; &quot; .. SeriesNumber); end
		if is_set(Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end
		if is_set(Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end
		
		Date = Date or AirDate;
		Chapter = Title;
		ChapterLink = TitleLink;
		TransChapter = TransTitle;
		Title = Series;
		TitleLink = SeriesLink;
		TransTitle = '';
		
		Series = table.concat(s, Sep);
		ID = table.concat(n, Sep);
	end
-- end of {{cite episode}} stuff]]

-- legacy: promote concatenation of |day=, |month=, and |year= to Date if Date not set; or, promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set.
	if not is_set(Date) then
		Date = Year;						-- promote Year to Date
		Year = nil;							-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF
		if is_set(Date) then
			local Month = A['Month'];
			if is_set(Month) then
				Date = Month .. &quot; &quot; .. Date;
				local Day = A['Day']
				if is_set(Day) then Date = Day .. &quot; &quot; .. Date end
			end
		elseif is_set(PublicationDate) then	-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set
			Date = PublicationDate;			-- promote PublicationDate to Date
			PublicationDate = '';			-- unset, no longer needed
		end
	end

	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end	-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation


--[[
Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where
we get the date used in the metadata.

Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
]]
	anchor_year, COinS_date, error_message = dates({['accessdate']=AccessDate, ['airdate']=AirDate, ['archivedate']=ArchiveDate, ['date']=Date, ['doi_brokendate']=DoiBroken,
		['embargo']=Embargo, ['laydate']=LayDate, ['publicationdate']=PublicationDate, ['year']=Year});
	if is_set(error_message) then
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'bad_date', {error_message}, true ) } );	-- add this error message
	end

-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.

	-- COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) for
	-- automated parsing of citation information.
	local OCinSoutput = COinS{
		['Periodical'] = Periodical,
		['Chapter'] = Chapter,
		['Title'] = Title,
		['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace,
		['Date'] = first_set(COinS_date, Date),		-- COinS_date has correctly formatted date if Date is valid; any reason to keep Date here?  Should we be including invalid dates in metadata?
		['Series'] = Series,
		['Volume'] = Volume,
		['Issue'] = Issue,
		['Pages'] = get_coins_pages (first_set(Page, Pages, At)),	-- pages stripped of external links
		['Edition'] = Edition,
		['PublisherName'] = PublisherName,
		['URL'] = first_set( URL, ChapterURL ),
		['Authors'] = a,
		['ID_list'] = ID_list,
		['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText,
	};

	if is_set(Periodical) and not is_set(Chapter) and is_set(Title) then
		Chapter = Title;
		ChapterLink = TitleLink;
		TransChapter = TransTitle;
		Title = '';
		TitleLink = '';
		TransTitle = '';
	end
--[[ Hide unfinished cite newsgroup code so that long delayed update can take place
-- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername and ID
	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then
		if is_set (PublisherName) then
			PublisherName = '[Newsgroup]:&amp;nbsp;' ..  externallink( 'news:' .. PublisherName, PublisherName );
		end
	end
]]


	-- Now perform various field substitutions.
	-- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
	-- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
	if not is_set(Authors) then
		local Maximum = tonumber( A['DisplayAuthors'] );
		
		-- Preserve old-style implicit et al.
		if not is_set(Maximum) and #a == 9 then 
			Maximum = 8;
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('implict_etal_author', {}, true ) } );
		elseif not is_set(Maximum) then
			Maximum = #a + 1;
		end
			
		local control = { 
			sep = A[&quot;AuthorSeparator&quot;] .. &quot; &quot;,
			namesep = (first_set(A[&quot;AuthorNameSeparator&quot;], A[&quot;NameSeparator&quot;]) or &quot;&quot;) .. &quot; &quot;,
			format = A[&quot;AuthorFormat&quot;],
			maximum = Maximum,
			lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp
		};
		
		-- If the coauthor field is also used, prevent ampersand and et al. formatting.
		if is_set(Coauthors) then
			control.lastauthoramp = nil;
			control.maximum = #a + 1;
		end
		
		Authors = listpeople(control, a) 
	end

	if not is_set(Authors) and is_set(Coauthors) then	-- coauthors aren't displayed if one of authors=, authorn=, or lastn= isn't specified
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('coauthors_missing_author', {}, true) } );	-- emit error message
	end

	local EditorCount
	if not is_set(Editors) then
		local Maximum = tonumber( A['DisplayEditors'] );
		-- Preserve old-style implicit et al.
		if not is_set(Maximum) and #e == 4 then 
			Maximum = 3;
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('implict_etal_editor', {}, true) } );
		elseif not is_set(Maximum) then
			Maximum = #e + 1;
		end

		local control = { 
			sep = A[&quot;EditorSeparator&quot;] .. &quot; &quot;,
			namesep = (first_set(A[&quot;EditorNameSeparator&quot;], A[&quot;NameSeparator&quot;]) or &quot;&quot;) .. &quot; &quot;,
			format = A['EditorFormat'],
			maximum = Maximum,
			lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp
		};

		Editors, EditorCount = listpeople(control, e);
	else
		EditorCount = 1;
	end

	local Cartography = &quot;&quot;;
	local Scale = &quot;&quot;;
	if config.CitationClass == &quot;map&quot; then
		if not is_set( Authors ) and is_set( PublisherName ) then
			Authors = PublisherName;
			PublisherName = &quot;&quot;;
		end
		Cartography = A['Cartography'];
		if is_set( Cartography ) then
			Cartography = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase );
		end		
		Scale = A['Scale'];
		if is_set( Scale ) then
			Scale = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Scale;
		end		
	end
	
	if  not is_set(URL) and
		not is_set(ChapterURL) and
		not is_set(ArchiveURL) and
		not is_set(ConferenceURL) and
		not is_set(TranscriptURL) then
		
		-- Test if cite web or cite podcast |url= is missing or empty 
		if inArray(config.CitationClass, {&quot;web&quot;,&quot;podcast&quot;}) then	
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'cite_web_url', {}, true ) } );
		end
		
		-- Test if accessdate is given without giving a URL
		if is_set(AccessDate) then
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'accessdate_missing_url', {}, true ) } );
			AccessDate = '';
		end
		
		-- Test if format is given without giving a URL
		if is_set(Format) then
			Format = Format .. seterror( 'format_missing_url' );
		end
	end
	
	-- Test if citation has no title
	if  not is_set(Chapter) and
		not is_set(Title) and
		not is_set(Periodical) and
		not is_set(Conference) and
		not is_set(TransTitle) and
		not is_set(TransChapter) then
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'citation_missing_title', {}, true ) } );
	end
	
	Format = is_set(Format) and &quot; (&quot; .. Format .. &quot;)&quot; or &quot;&quot;;
	
	local OriginalURL = URL
	DeadURL = DeadURL:lower();
	if is_set( ArchiveURL ) then
		if ( DeadURL ~= &quot;no&quot; ) then
			URL = ArchiveURL
			URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')
		end
	end
	
	-- Format chapter / article title
	if is_set(Chapter) and is_set(ChapterLink) then 
		Chapter = &quot;[[&quot; .. ChapterLink .. &quot;|&quot; .. Chapter .. &quot;]]&quot;;
	end
	if is_set(Periodical) and is_set(Title) then
		Chapter = wrap( 'italic-title', Chapter );
		TransChapter = wrap( 'trans-italic-title', TransChapter );
	else
		Chapter = kern_quotes (Chapter);				-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks
		Chapter = wrap( 'quoted-title', Chapter );
		TransChapter = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransChapter );
	end
	
	local TransError = &quot;&quot;
	if is_set(TransChapter) then
		if not is_set(Chapter) then
			TransError = &quot; &quot; .. seterror( 'trans_missing_chapter' );
		else
			TransChapter = &quot; &quot; .. TransChapter;
		end
	end
	
	Chapter = Chapter .. TransChapter;
	
	if is_set(Chapter) then
		if not is_set(ChapterLink) then
			if is_set(ChapterURL) then
				Chapter = externallink( ChapterURL, Chapter ) .. TransError;
				if not is_set(URL) then
					Chapter = Chapter .. Format;
					Format = &quot;&quot;;
				end
			elseif is_set(URL) then 
				Chapter = externallink( URL, Chapter ) .. TransError .. Format;
				URL = &quot;&quot;;
				Format = &quot;&quot;;
			else
				Chapter = Chapter .. TransError;
			end			
		elseif is_set(ChapterURL) then
			Chapter = Chapter .. &quot; &quot; .. externallink( ChapterURL, nil, ChapterURLorigin ) .. 
				TransError;
		else
			Chapter = Chapter .. TransError;
		end
		Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. &quot; &quot; -- with end-space
	elseif is_set(ChapterURL) then
		Chapter = &quot; &quot; .. externallink( ChapterURL, nil, ChapterURLorigin ) .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;
	end		
	
	-- Format main title.
	if is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(Title) then
		Title = &quot;[[&quot; .. TitleLink .. &quot;|&quot; .. Title .. &quot;]]&quot;
	end
	
	if is_set(Periodical) then
		Title = kern_quotes (Title);				-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks
		Title = wrap( 'quoted-title', Title );
		TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
--[[ Hide unfinished cite newsgroup code so that long delayed update can take place
	elseif inArray(config.CitationClass, {&quot;web&quot;,&quot;news&quot;,&quot;pressrelease&quot;,&quot;conference&quot;,&quot;podcast&quot;,&quot;newsgroup&quot;}) and
]]	elseif inArray(config.CitationClass, {&quot;web&quot;,&quot;news&quot;,&quot;pressrelease&quot;,&quot;conference&quot;,&quot;podcast&quot;}) and
			not is_set(Chapter) then
		Title = kern_quotes (Title);				-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks
		Title = wrap( 'quoted-title', Title );
		TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
	else
		Title = wrap( 'italic-title', Title );
		TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-italic-title', TransTitle );
	end
	
	TransError = &quot;&quot;;
	if is_set(TransTitle) then
		if not is_set(Title) then
			TransError = &quot; &quot; .. seterror( 'trans_missing_title' );
		else
			TransTitle = &quot; &quot; .. TransTitle;
		end
	end
	
	Title = Title .. TransTitle;
	
	if is_set(Title) then
		if not is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(URL) then 
			Title = externallink( URL, Title ) .. TransError .. Format	   
			URL = &quot;&quot;;
			Format = &quot;&quot;;
		else
			Title = Title .. TransError;
		end
	end
	
	if is_set(Place) then
		Place = &quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'written', Place, use_lowercase ) .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;
	end
	
	if is_set(Conference) then
		if is_set(ConferenceURL) then
			Conference = externallink( ConferenceURL, Conference );
		end
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Conference
	elseif is_set(ConferenceURL) then
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. externallink( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURLorigin );
	end
	
	if not is_set(Position) then
		local Minutes = A['Minutes'];
		if is_set(Minutes) then
			Position = &quot; &quot; .. Minutes .. &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['minutes'];
		else
			local Time = A['Time'];
			if is_set(Time) then
				local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption']
				if not is_set(TimeCaption) then
					TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event'];
					if sepc ~= '.' then
						TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower();
					end
				end
				Position = &quot; &quot; .. TimeCaption .. &quot; &quot; .. Time;
			end
		end
	else
		Position = &quot; &quot; .. Position;
		At = '';
	end
	
	if not is_set(Page) then
		if is_set(Pages) then
			if is_set(Periodical) and
				not inArray(config.CitationClass, {&quot;encyclopaedia&quot;,&quot;web&quot;,&quot;book&quot;,&quot;news&quot;,&quot;podcast&quot;}) then
				Pages = &quot;: &quot; .. Pages;
			elseif tonumber(Pages) ~= nil then
				Pages = sepc ..&quot; &quot; .. PPrefix .. Pages;
			else
				Pages = sepc ..&quot; &quot; .. PPPrefix .. Pages;
			end
		end
	else
		if is_set(Periodical) and
			not inArray(config.CitationClass, {&quot;encyclopaedia&quot;,&quot;web&quot;,&quot;book&quot;,&quot;news&quot;,&quot;podcast&quot;}) then
			Page = &quot;: &quot; .. Page;
		else
			Page = sepc ..&quot; &quot; .. PPrefix .. Page;
		end
	end
	
	At = is_set(At) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. At) or &quot;&quot;;
	Position = is_set(Position) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Position) or &quot;&quot;;
	if config.CitationClass == 'map' then
		local Section = A['Section'];
		local Inset = A['Inset'];
		if first_set( Pages, Page, At ) ~= nil or sepc ~= '.' then
			if is_set( Section ) then
				Section = &quot;, &quot; .. wrap( 'section', Section, true );
			end
			if is_set( Inset ) then
				Inset = &quot;, &quot; .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, true );
			end
		else
			if is_set( Section ) then
				Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'section', Section, use_lowercase );
				if is_set( Inset ) then
					Inset = &quot;, &quot; .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, true );
				end
			elseif is_set( Inset ) then
				Inset = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, use_lowercase );
			end			
		end			
		At = At .. Section .. Inset;		
	end	

	--[[Look in the list of iso639-1 language codes to see if the value provided in the language parameter matches one of them.  If a match is found, 
	use that value; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter.
	
	Categories are assigned in a manner similar to the {{xx icon}} templates - categorizes only mainspace citations and only when the language code is not 'en' (English).
	]]
	if is_set (Language) then
--		local name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName( Language:lower(), &quot;en&quot; );	-- experiment: this seems to return correct ISO 639-1 language names
		local name = cfg.iso639_1[Language:lower()];		-- get the language name if Language parameter has a valid iso 639-1 code
		if nil == name then
			Language=&quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'language', Language );	-- no match, use parameter's value
		else
			if 0 == this_page.namespace and 'en' ~= Language:lower() then	--found a match; is this page main / article space and English not the language?
				Language=&quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'language', name .. '[[Category:Articles with ' .. name .. '-language external links]]' );	-- in main space and not English: categorize
			else
				Language=&quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'language', name );	--not in mainspace or language is English so don't categorize
			end
		end
	else
		Language=&quot;&quot;;	-- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string;
	end

	Others = is_set(Others) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Others) or &quot;&quot;;

-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values

	if inArray(config.CitationClass, {&quot;AV-media-notes&quot;, &quot;DVD-notes&quot;, &quot;podcast&quot;, &quot;pressrelease&quot;, &quot;techreport&quot;, &quot;thesis&quot;}) then
		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType);
		if is_set(Degree) and &quot;Thesis&quot; == TitleType then	-- special case for cite thesis
			TitleType = Degree .. &quot; thesis&quot;;
		end
	end

	if is_set(TitleType) then					-- if type parameter is specified
		TitleType = &quot; (&quot; .. TitleType .. &quot;)&quot;;	-- display it in parentheses
	end

	TitleNote = is_set(TitleNote) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. TitleNote) or &quot;&quot;;
	Edition = is_set(Edition) and (&quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'edition', Edition )) or &quot;&quot;;
	Issue = is_set(Issue) and (&quot; (&quot; .. Issue .. &quot;)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;;
	Series = is_set(Series) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Series) or &quot;&quot;;
	OrigYear = is_set(OrigYear) and (&quot; [&quot; .. OrigYear .. &quot;]&quot;) or &quot;&quot;;
	Agency = is_set(Agency) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Agency) or &quot;&quot;;

	if is_set(Volume) then
		if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) &gt; 4 )
		  then Volume = sepc ..&quot; &quot; .. Volume;
		  else Volume = &quot; &lt;b&gt;&quot; .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. &quot;&lt;/b&gt;&quot;;
		end
	end

--[[ This code commented out while discussion continues until after week of 2014-03-23 live module update;
	if is_set(Volume) then
		if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) &gt; 4 )
		  then Volume = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Volume;
		  else
			  Volume = &quot; &lt;b&gt;&quot; .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. &quot;&lt;/b&gt;&quot;;
			  if is_set(Series) then Volume = sepc .. Volume;
			  end
		end
	end
]]	
	------------------------------------ totally unrelated data
	--[[ Loosely mimic {{subscription required}} template; Via parameter identifies a delivery source that is not the publisher; these sources often, but not always, exist
	behind a registration or paywall.  So here, we've chosen to decouple via from subscription (via has never been part of the registration required template).
	
	Subscription implies paywall; Registration does not.  If both are used in a citation, the subscription required link note is displayed. There are no error messages for this condition.
	]]
	if is_set(Via) then
		Via = &quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'via', Via );
	end

	if is_set(SubscriptionRequired) then
		SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['subscription']; --here when 'via' parameter not used but 'subscription' is
	elseif is_set(RegistrationRequired) then
		SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['registration']; --here when 'via' and 'subscription' parameters not used but 'registration' is
	end

	if is_set(AccessDate) then
		local retrv_text = &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['retrieved']
		if (sepc ~= &quot;.&quot;) then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end
		AccessDate = '&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;' .. sepc
			.. substitute( retrv_text, {AccessDate} ) .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
	end
	
	if is_set(ID) then ID = sepc ..&quot; &quot;.. ID; end
   	if &quot;thesis&quot; == config.CitationClass and is_set(Docket) then
		ID = sepc ..&quot; Docket &quot;.. Docket .. ID;
	end

	
	ID_list = buildidlist( ID_list, {DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = ASINTLD, IgnoreISBN = IgnoreISBN, Embargo=Embargo} );

	if is_set(URL) then
		URL = &quot; &quot; .. externallink( URL, nil, URLorigin );
	end

	if is_set(Quote) then
		if Quote:sub(1,1) == '&quot;' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '&quot;' then
			Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2);
		end
		Quote = sepc ..&quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'quoted-text', Quote ); 
		PostScript = &quot;&quot;;							-- CS1 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
	end
	
	local Archived
	if is_set(ArchiveURL) then
		if not is_set(ArchiveDate) then
			ArchiveDate = seterror('archive_missing_date');
		end
		if &quot;no&quot; == DeadURL then
			local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived'];
			if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			Archived = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. substitute( cfg.messages['archived-not-dead'],
				{ externallink( ArchiveURL, arch_text ), ArchiveDate } );
			if not is_set(OriginalURL) then
				Archived = Archived .. &quot; &quot; .. seterror('archive_missing_url');							   
			end
		elseif is_set(OriginalURL) then
			local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead'];
			if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			Archived = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. substitute( arch_text,
				{ externallink( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'] ), ArchiveDate } );
		else
			local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-missing'];
			if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			Archived = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. substitute( arch_text, 
				{ seterror('archive_missing_url'), ArchiveDate } );
		end
	else
		Archived = &quot;&quot;
	end
	
	local Lay
	if is_set(LayURL) then
		if is_set(LayDate) then LayDate = &quot; (&quot; .. LayDate .. &quot;)&quot; end
		if is_set(LaySource) then 
			LaySource = &quot; &amp;ndash; ''&quot; .. safeforitalics(LaySource) .. &quot;''&quot;;
		else
			LaySource = &quot;&quot;;
		end
		if sepc == '.' then
			Lay = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. externallink( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary'] ) .. LaySource .. LayDate
		else
			Lay = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. externallink( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary']:lower() ) .. LaySource .. LayDate
		end			
	else
		Lay = &quot;&quot;;
	end
	
	if is_set(Transcript) then
		if is_set(TranscriptURL) then Transcript = externallink( TranscriptURL, Transcript ); end
	elseif is_set(TranscriptURL) then
		Transcript = externallink( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURLorigin );
	end
	
	local Publisher;
	if is_set(Periodical) and
		not inArray(config.CitationClass, {&quot;encyclopaedia&quot;,&quot;web&quot;,&quot;pressrelease&quot;,&quot;podcast&quot;}) then
		if is_set(PublisherName) then
			if is_set(PublicationPlace) then
				Publisher = PublicationPlace .. &quot;: &quot; .. PublisherName;
			else
				Publisher = PublisherName;  
			end
		elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then
			Publisher= PublicationPlace;
		else 
			Publisher = &quot;&quot;;
		end
		if is_set(PublicationDate) then
			if is_set(Publisher) then
				Publisher = Publisher .. &quot;, &quot; .. wrap( 'published', PublicationDate );
			else
				Publisher = PublicationDate;
			end
		end
		if is_set(Publisher) then
			Publisher = &quot; (&quot; .. Publisher .. &quot;)&quot;;
		end
	else
		if is_set(PublicationDate) then
			PublicationDate = &quot; (&quot; .. wrap( 'published', PublicationDate ) .. &quot;)&quot;;
		end
		if is_set(PublisherName) then
			if is_set(PublicationPlace) then
				Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. &quot;: &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
			else
				Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;  
			end			
		elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then 
			Publisher= sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
		else 
			Publisher = PublicationDate;
		end
	end
	
	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
	if is_set(Periodical) then
		if is_set(Title) or is_set(TitleNote) then 
			Periodical = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap( 'italic-title', Periodical ) 
		else 
			Periodical = wrap( 'italic-title', Periodical )
		end
	end

--[[
Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be &quot; (Speech)&quot; so that
the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided).
]]
	if &quot;speech&quot; == config.CitationClass then				-- cite speech only
		TitleNote = &quot; (Speech)&quot;;							-- annotate the citation
		if is_set (Periodical) then							-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter 
			if is_set (Conference) then						-- and if |event= is set
				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;		-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering
			end
		end
	end

	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.

	local tcommon
	if inArray(config.CitationClass, {&quot;journal&quot;,&quot;citation&quot;}) and is_set(Periodical) then
		if is_set(Others) then Others = Others .. sepc .. &quot; &quot; end
		tcommon = safejoin( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Scale, Series, 
			Language, Cartography, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume, Issue}, sepc );
	else 
		tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Scale, Series, Language, 
			Volume, Issue, Others, Cartography, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
	end
	
	if #ID_list &gt; 0 then
		ID_list = safejoin( { sepc .. &quot; &quot;,  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. &quot; &quot; ), ID }, sepc );
	else
		ID_list = ID;
	end
	
	local idcommon = safejoin( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc );
	local text;
	local pgtext = Position .. Page .. Pages .. At;
	
	if is_set(Authors) then
		if is_set(Coauthors) then
			Authors = Authors .. A['AuthorSeparator'] .. &quot; &quot; .. Coauthors
		end
		if is_set(Date) then
			Date = &quot; (&quot;..Date..&quot;)&quot; .. OrigYear .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
		elseif string.sub(Authors,-1,-1) == sepc then
			Authors = Authors .. &quot; &quot;
		else
			Authors = Authors .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
		end
		if is_set(Editors) then
			local in_text = &quot; &quot;;
			local post_text = &quot;&quot;;
			if is_set(Chapter) then
				in_text = in_text .. cfg.messages['in'] .. &quot; &quot;
			else
				if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
					post_text = &quot;, &quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'];
				else
					post_text = &quot;, &quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'];
				end
			end 
			if (sepc ~= '.') then in_text = in_text:lower() end
			Editors = in_text .. Editors .. post_text;
			if (string.sub(Editors,-1,-1) == sepc)
				then Editors = Editors .. &quot; &quot;
				else Editors = Editors .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			end
		end
		text = safejoin( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon }, sepc );
		text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
	elseif is_set(Editors) then
		if is_set(Date) then
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. &quot;, &quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'];
			else
				Editors = Editors .. &quot;, &quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'];
			end
			Date = &quot; (&quot; .. Date ..&quot;)&quot; .. OrigYear .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
		else
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			else
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			end
		end
		text = safejoin( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc );
		text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
	else
		if is_set(Date) then
			if ( string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) ~= sepc )
			  then Date = sepc ..&quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigYear
			  else Date = &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigYear
			end
		end
		if config.CitationClass==&quot;journal&quot; and is_set(Periodical) then
			text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc );
			text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
		else
			text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date}, sepc );
			text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
		end
	end
	
	if is_set(PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then
		text = safejoin( {text, sepc}, sepc );  --Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
		text = text:sub(1,-sepc:len()-1);
--		text = text:sub(1,-2);	--Remove final separator (assumes that sepc is only one character)
	end	
	
	text = safejoin( {text, PostScript}, sepc );

	-- Now enclose the whole thing in a &lt;span/&gt; element
	local options = {};
	
	if is_set(config.CitationClass) and config.CitationClass ~= &quot;citation&quot; then
		options.class = &quot;citation &quot; .. config.CitationClass;
	else
		options.class = &quot;citation&quot;;
	end
	
	if is_set(Ref) and Ref:lower() ~= &quot;none&quot; then
		local id = Ref
		if ( &quot;harv&quot; == Ref ) then
			local names = {} --table of last names &amp; year
			if #a &gt; 0 then
				for i,v in ipairs(a) do 
					names[i] = v.last 
					if i == 4 then break end
				end
			elseif #e &gt; 0 then
				for i,v in ipairs(e) do 
					names[i] = v.last 
					if i == 4 then break end				
				end
			end
			names[ #names + 1 ] = first_set(Year, anchor_year);	-- Year first for legacy citations
			id = anchorid(names)
		end
		options.id = id;
	end
	
	if string.len(text:gsub(&quot;&lt;span[^&gt;/]*&gt;.-&lt;/span&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;):gsub(&quot;%b&lt;&gt;&quot;,&quot;&quot;)) &lt;= 2 then
		z.error_categories = {};
		text = seterror('empty_citation');
		z.message_tail = {};
	end
	
	if is_set(options.id) then 
		text = '&lt;span id=&quot;' .. mw.uri.anchorEncode(options.id) ..'&quot; class=&quot;' .. mw.text.nowiki(options.class) .. '&quot;&gt;' .. text .. &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;;
	else
		text = '&lt;span class=&quot;' .. mw.text.nowiki(options.class) .. '&quot;&gt;' .. text .. &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;;
	end		

	local empty_span = '&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;';
	
	-- Note: Using display: none on then COinS span breaks some clients.
	local OCinS = '&lt;span title=&quot;' .. OCinSoutput .. '&quot; class=&quot;Z3988&quot;&gt;' .. empty_span .. '&lt;/span&gt;';
	text = text .. OCinS;
	
	if #z.message_tail ~= 0 then
		text = text .. &quot; &quot;;
		for i,v in ipairs( z.message_tail ) do
			if is_set(v[1]) then
				if i == #z.message_tail then
					text = text .. errorcomment( v[1], v[2] );
				else
					text = text .. errorcomment( v[1] .. &quot;; &quot;, v[2] );
				end
			end
		end
	end
	
	no_tracking_cats = no_tracking_cats:lower();
	if inArray(no_tracking_cats, {&quot;&quot;, &quot;no&quot;, &quot;false&quot;, &quot;n&quot;}) then
		for _, v in ipairs( z.error_categories ) do
			text = text .. '[[Category:' .. v ..']]';
		end
	end
	
	return text
end

-- This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text.
function z.citation(frame)
	local pframe = frame:getParent()
	
	if nil ~= string.find( frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true ) then				-- did the {{#invoke:}} use sandbox version?
		cfg = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox' );	-- load sandbox versions of Configuration and Whitelist and ...
		whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox' );
		dates = require('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox').dates	-- ... sandbox version of date validation code
	else																	-- otherwise
		cfg = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' );			-- load live versions of Configuration and Whitelist and ...
		whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' );
		dates = require('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation').dates		-- ... live version of date validation code
	end
	
	local args = {};
	local suggestions = {};
	local error_text, error_state;

	local config = {};
	for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
		config[k] = v;
		args[k] = v;	   
	end	

	for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do
		if v ~= '' then
			if not validate( k ) then			
				error_text = &quot;&quot;;
				if type( k ) ~= 'string' then
					-- Exclude empty numbered parameters
					if v:match(&quot;%S+&quot;) ~= nil then
						error_text, error_state = seterror( 'text_ignored', {v}, true );
					end
				elseif validate( k:lower() ) then 
					error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}, true );
				else
					if #suggestions == 0 then
						suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' );
					end
					if suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil then
						error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions[ k:lower() ]}, true );
					else
						error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored', {k}, true );
					end
				end				  
				if error_text ~= '' then
					table.insert( z.message_tail, {error_text, error_state} );
				end				
			end
			args[k] = v;
		elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then
			args[k] = v;
		end		
	end	
	
	return citation0( config, args)
end

return z</text>
      <sha1>dxvavpb7f10caztnzq181eo6q9arl5p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4078</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26661</id>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:14:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist]]</comment>
      <origin>26661</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="8061" sha1="fwukir9kiszdkcd1xiqvcsnheiskk0b" xml:space="preserve">--[[
Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items now can have three values:
	true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters
	false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported
	nil - these parameters are no longer supported (when setting a parameter to nil, leave a comment stating the reasons for invalidating the parameter)
]]
whitelist = {

basic_arguments = {
	['accessdate'] = true,
	['access-date'] = true,
	['agency'] = true,
	['airdate'] = true,
	['air-date'] = true,
	['albumlink'] = false,			-- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of titlelink used by old cite AV media notes
	['albumtype'] = nil,			-- controled inappropriate functionality in the old cite AV media notes
	['archivedate'] = true,
	['archive-date'] = true,
	['archiveurl'] = true,
	['archive-url'] = true,
	['article'] = true,
	['artist'] = false,				-- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of others used by old cite AV media notes
	['arxiv'] = true,
	['ARXIV'] = true,
	['asin'] = true,
	['ASIN'] = true,
	['asin-tld'] = true,
	['ASIN-TLD'] = true,
	['at'] = true,
	['author'] = true,
	['Author'] = true,
	['author-first'] = true,
	['authorformat'] = true,
	['author-format'] = true,
	['author-last'] = true,
	['authorlink'] = true,
	['author-link'] = true,
	['authormask'] = true,
	['author-mask'] = true,
	['author-name-separator'] = true,
	['authors'] = true,
	['author-separator'] = true,
	['bibcode'] = true,
	['BIBCODE'] = true,
	['booktitle'] = true,
	['book-title'] = true,
	['callsign']=true,				-- cite interview
	['call-sign']=true,				-- cite interview
	['cartography'] = true,
	['chapter'] = true,
	['chapterlink'] = true,
	['chapter-link'] = true,
	['chapterurl'] = true,
	['chapter-url'] = true,
	['city']=true,					-- cite interview
	['coauthor'] = false,
	['coauthors'] = false,
	['cointerviewers'] = false,		-- cite interview
	['conference'] = true,
	['conferenceurl'] = true,
	['conference-url'] = true,
	['contribution'] = true,
	['contributionurl'] = true,
	['contribution-url'] = true,
	['date'] = true,
	['day'] = false,
	['deadurl'] = true,
	['dead-url'] = true,
	['degree'] = true,
	['department'] = true,
	['dictionary'] = true,
	['director'] = false,			-- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of author used by old cite DVD-notes
	['displayauthors'] = true,
	['display-authors'] = true,
	['displayeditors'] = true,
	['display-editors'] = true,
	['docket'] = true,
	['doi'] = true,
	['DOI'] = true,
	['DoiBroken'] = true,
	['doi-broken'] = true,
	['doi_brokendate'] = true,
	['doi-broken-date'] = true,
	['doi_inactivedate'] = true,
	['doi-inactive-date'] = true,
	['edition'] = true,
	['editor'] = true,
	['Editor'] = true,
	['editor-first'] = true,
	['editorformat'] = true,
	['editor-format'] = true,
	['EditorGiven'] = true,
	['editor-given'] = true,
	['editor-last'] = true,
	['editorlink'] = true,
	['editor-link'] = true,
	['editormask'] = true,
	['editor-mask'] = true,
	['editor-name-separator'] = true,
	['editors'] = true,
	['editor-separator'] = true,
	['EditorSurname'] = true,
	['editor-surname'] = true,
	['embargo'] = true,
	['Embargo'] = true,
	['encyclopaedia'] = true,
	['encyclopedia'] = true,
	['entry'] = true,
	['episodelink'] = true,
	['episode-link'] = true,
	['event'] = true,
	['eventurl'] = true,
	['event-url'] = true,
	['first'] = true,
	['format'] = true,
	['given'] = true,
	['host'] = true,
	['id'] = true,
	['ID'] = true,
	['ignoreisbnerror'] = true,
	['ignore-isbn-error'] = true,
	['in'] = true,
	['inset'] = true,
	['institution'] = true,
	['interviewer'] = true,			--cite interview
	['isbn'] = true,
	['ISBN'] = true,
	['isbn13'] = true,
	['ISBN13'] = true,
	['issn'] = true,
	['ISSN'] = true,
	['issue'] = true,
	['jfm'] = true,
	['JFM'] = true,
	['journal'] = true,
	['jstor'] = true,
	['JSTOR'] = true,
	['language'] = true,
	['last'] = true,
	['lastauthoramp'] = true,
	['last-author-amp'] = true,
	['laydate'] = true,
	['lay-date'] = true,
	['laysource'] = true,
	['lay-source'] = true,
	['laysummary'] = true,
	['lay-summary'] = true,
	['layurl'] = true,
	['lay-url'] = true,
	['lccn'] = true,
	['LCCN'] = true,
	['location'] = true,
	['magazine'] = true,
	['medium'] = true,
	['minutes'] = true,
	['month'] = false,
	['mr'] = true,
	['MR'] = true,
	['name-separator'] = true,
	['network'] = true,
	['newsgroup'] = true,
	['newspaper'] = true,
	['nocat'] = true,
	['no-cat'] = true,
	['nopp'] = true,
	['no-pp'] = true,
	['notestitle'] = false,			-- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of chapter used by old cite AV media notes
	['notracking'] = true,
	['no-tracking'] = true,
	['number'] = true,
	['oclc'] = true,
	['OCLC'] = true,
	['ol'] = true,
	['OL'] = true,
	['origyear'] = true,
	['orig-year'] = true,
	['osti'] = true,
	['OSTI'] = true,
	['others'] = true,
	['p'] = true,
	['page'] = true,
	['pages'] = true,
	['people'] = true,
	['periodical'] = true,
	['place'] = true,
	['pmc'] = true,
	['PMC'] = true,
	['pmid'] = true,
	['PMID'] = true,
	['postscript'] = true,
	['pp'] = true,
	['PPPrefix'] = true,
	['pp-prefix'] = true,
	['PPrefix'] = true,
	['p-prefix'] = true,
	['program']=true,				-- cite interview
	['publicationdate'] = true,
	['publication-date'] = true,
	['publicationplace'] = true,
	['publication-place'] = true,
	['publisher'] = true,
	['publisherid'] = false,		-- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of others used by old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD-notes
	['quotation'] = true,
	['quote'] = true,
	['ref'] = true,
	['Ref'] = true,
	['registration'] = true,
	['rfc'] = true,
	['RFC'] = true,
	['scale'] = true,
	['season'] = true,
	['section'] = true,
	['sectionurl'] = true,
	['section-url'] = true,
	['separator'] = true,
	['series'] = true,
	['serieslink'] = true,
	['series-link'] = true,
	['seriesno'] = true,
	['series-no'] = true,
	['seriesnumber'] = true,
	['series-number'] = true,
	['series-separator'] = true,
	['ssrn'] = true,
	['SSRN'] = true,
	['station'] = true,
	['subject'] = true,
	['subjectlink'] = true,
	['subject-link'] = true,
	['subscription'] = true,
	['surname'] = true,
	['template doc demo'] = true,
	['template-doc-demo'] = true,
	['time'] = true,
	['timecaption'] = true,
	['time-caption'] = true,
	['title'] = true,
	['titlelink'] = true,
	['title-link'] = true,
	['titleyear'] = false,			-- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of origyear used by old cite DVD-notes
	['trans_chapter'] = true,
	['trans-chapter'] = true,
	['transcript'] = true,
	['transcripturl'] = true,
	['transcript-url'] = true,
	['trans_title'] = true,
	['trans-title'] = true,
	['type'] = true,
	['url'] = true,
	['URL'] = true,
	['version'] = true,
	['via'] = true,
	['volume'] = true,
	['website'] = true,
	['work'] = true,
	['year'] = true,
	['zbl'] = true,
	['ZBL'] = true,
},

numbered_arguments = {
	['author#'] = true,
	['Author#'] = true,
	['author-first#'] = true,
	['author#-first'] = true,
	['author-last#'] = true,
	['author#-last'] = true,
	['author-link#'] = true,
	['author#link'] = true,
	['author#-link'] = true,
	['authorlink#'] = true,
	['author-mask#'] = true,
	['author#mask'] = true,
	['author#-mask'] = true,
	['authormask#'] = true,
	['authors#'] = true,
	['editor#'] = true,
	['Editor#'] = true,
	['editor-first#'] = true,
	['editor#-first'] = true,
	['EditorGiven#'] = true,
	['editor#-given'] = true,
	['editor-given#'] = true,
	['editor-last#'] = true,
	['editor#-last'] = true,
	['editor-link#'] = true,
	['editor#link'] = true,
	['editor#-link'] = true,
	['editorlink#'] = true,
	['editor-mask#'] = true,
	['editor#mask'] = true,
	['editor#-mask'] = true,
	['editormask#'] = true,
	['editors#'] = true,
	['EditorSurname#'] = true,
	['editor#-surname'] = true,
	['editor-surname#'] = true,
	['first#'] = true,
	['given#'] = true,
	['last#'] = true,
	['subject#'] = true,
	['subject-link#'] = true,
	['subject#link'] = true,
	['subject#-link'] = true,
	['subjectlink#'] = true,
	['surname#'] = true,
},
};

return whitelist;</text>
      <sha1>fwukir9kiszdkcd1xiqvcsnheiskk0b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4079</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26662</id>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:15:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation]]</comment>
      <origin>26662</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="19624" sha1="a211cvgxj3ept1dvp5exqptfobllb0v" xml:space="preserve">
local p = {}

-- returns a number according to the month in a date: 1 for January, etc.  Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid month, returns 0
function get_month_number (month)
local long_months = {['January']=1, ['February']=2, ['March']=3, ['April']=4, ['May']=5, ['June']=6, ['July']=7, ['August']=8, ['September']=9, ['October']=10, ['November']=11, ['December']=12};
local short_months = {['Jan']=1, ['Feb']=2, ['Mar']=3, ['Apr']=4, ['May']=5, ['Jun']=6, ['Jul']=7, ['Aug']=8, ['Sep']=9, ['Oct']=10, ['Nov']=11, ['Dec']=12};
local temp;
	temp=long_months[month];
	if temp then return temp; end				-- if month is the long-form name
	temp=short_months[month];
	if temp then return temp; end				-- if month is the short-form name
	return 0;									-- misspelled, improper case, or not a month name
end

-- returns a number according to the sequence of seasons in a year: 1 for Winter, etc.  Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid season, returns 0
function get_season_number (season)
local season_list = {['Winter']=1, ['Spring']=2, ['Summer']=3, ['Fall']=4, ['Autumn']=4}
local temp;
	temp=season_list[season];
	if temp then return temp; end				-- if season is a valid name return its number
	return 0;									-- misspelled, improper case, or not a season name
end

--returns true if month or season is valid (properly spelled, capitalized, abbreviated)
function is_valid_month_or_season (month_season)
	if 0 == get_month_number (month_season) then		-- if month text isn't one of the twelve months, might be a season
		if 0 == get_season_number (month_season) then	-- not a month, is it a season?
			return false;								-- return false not a month or one of the five seasons
		end
	end
	return true;
end


-- Function gets current year from the server and compares it to year from a citation parameter.  Years more than one year in the future are not acceptable.
function is_valid_year(year)
	if not is_set(year_limit) then
		year_limit = tonumber(os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;))+1;	-- global variable so we only have to fetch it once (os.date(&quot;Y&quot;) no longer works?)
	end
	return tonumber(year) &lt;= year_limit;			-- false if year is in the future more than one year
end

--[[
Returns true if day is less than or equal to the number of days in month and year is no farther into the future than next year; else returns false.

Assumes Julian calendar prior to year 1582 and Gregorian calendar thereafter. Accounts for Julian calendar leap years before 1582 and Gregorian leap years after 1582.
Where the two calendars overlap (1582 to approximately 1923) dates are assumed to be Gregorian.
]]
function is_valid_date (year, month, day)
local days_in_month = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
local month_length;
	if not is_valid_year(year) then	-- no farther into the future than next year
		return false;
	end
	
	if (2==month) then							-- if February
		month_length = 28;						-- then 28 days unless
		if 1582 &gt; tonumber(year) then			-- Julian calendar
			if 0==(year%4) then
				month_length = 29;
			end
		else									-- Gregorian calendar
			if (0==(year%4) and (0~=(year%100) or 0==(year%400))) then	-- is a leap year?
				month_length = 29;				-- if leap year then 29 days in February
			end
		end
	else
		month_length=days_in_month[month];
	end

	if tonumber (day) &gt; month_length then
		return false;
	end
	return true;
end

--[[
Check a pair of months or seasons to see if both are valid members of a month or season pair.

Month pairs are expected to be left to right, earliest to latest in time.  Similarly, seasons are also left to right, earliest to latest in time.  There is
an oddity with seasons.  Winter is assigned a value of 1, spring 2, ..., fall and autumn 4.  Because winter can follow fall/autumn at the end of a calender year, a special test
is made to see if |date=Fall-Winter yyyy (4-1) is the date.
]]

function is_valid_month_season_range(range_start, range_end)
	local range_start_number = get_month_number (range_start);
	
	if 0 == range_start_number then								-- is this a month range?
		local range_start_number = get_season_number (range_start);		-- not a month; is it a season? get start season number
		local range_end_number = get_season_number (range_end);			-- get end season number

		if 0 ~= range_start_number then							-- is start of range a season?
			if range_start_number &lt; range_end_number then		-- range_start is a season
				return true;									-- return true when range_end is also a season and follows start season; else false
			end
			if 4 == range_start_number and 1 == range_end_number then	-- special case when range is Fall-Winter or Autumn-Winter
				return true;
			end
		end
		return false;		-- range_start is not a month or a season; or range_start is a season and range_end is not; or improper season sequence
	end

	local range_end_number = get_month_number (range_end);		-- get end month number
	if range_start_number &lt; range_end_number then				-- range_start is a month; does range_start precede range_end?
		return true;											-- if yes, return true
	end
	return false;												-- range_start month number is greater than or equal to range end number; or range end isn't a month
end

--[[
Check date format to see that it is one of the formats approved by WP:DATESNO or WP:DATERANGE. Exception: only allowed range separator is endash.
Additionally, check the date to see that it is a real date: no 31 in 30-day months; no 29 February when not a leap year.  Months, both long-form and three
character abbreviations, and seasons must be spelled correctly. Future years beyond next year are not allowed.

If the date fails the fomat tests, this function returns false and does not return values for anchor_year and COinS_date.  When this happens, the date parameter is
used in the COinS metadata and the CITEREF identifier gets its year from the year parameter if present otherwise CITEREF does not get a date value.

Inputs:
	date_string - date string from date-holding parameters (date, year, accessdate, embargo, archivedate, etc)

Returns:
	false if date string is not a real date; else
	true, anchor_year, COinS_date
		anchor_year can be used in CITEREF anchors
		COinS_date is date_string without anchor_year disambiguator if any
]]
function check_date (date_string)
	local year;			-- assume that year2, months, and days are not used;
	local year2=0;		-- second year in a year range
	local month=0;
	local month2=0;		-- second month in a month range
	local day=0;
	local day2=0;		-- second day in a day range
	local anchor_year;
	local coins_date;

	if date_string:match(&quot;^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$&quot;) then										-- year-initial numerical year month day format
		year, month, day=string.match(date_string, &quot;(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)&quot;);
		month=tonumber(month);
		if 12 &lt; month or 1 &gt; month or 1583 &gt; tonumber(year) then return false; end			-- month number not valid or not Gregorian calendar
		anchor_year = year;

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^%a+ +[1-9]%d?, +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then						-- month-initial: month day, year
		month, day, anchor_year, year=string.match(date_string, &quot;(%a+)%s*(%d%d?),%s*((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end												-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
				
	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^%a+ +[1-9]%d?–[1-9]%d?, +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then				-- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash
		month, day, day2, anchor_year, year=string.match(date_string, &quot;(%a+) +(%d%d?)–(%d%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		if tonumber(day) &gt;= tonumber(day2) then return false; end							-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same;
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end												-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d? +%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then						-- day-initial: day month year
		day, month, anchor_year, year=string.match(date_string, &quot;(%d%d*)%s*(%a+)%s*((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end												-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d?–[1-9]%d? +%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then				-- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash
		day, day2, month, anchor_year, year=string.match(date_string, &quot;(%d%d?)–(%d%d?) +(%a+) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		if tonumber(day) &gt;= tonumber(day2) then return false; end							-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same;
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end												-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d? +%a+ – [1-9]%d? +%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then		-- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash
		day, month, day2, month2, anchor_year, year=date_string:match(&quot;(%d%d?) +(%a+) – (%d%d?) +(%a+) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end	-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later;
		month = get_month_number (month);
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^%a+ +[1-9]%d? – %a+ +[1-9]%d?, +[1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$&quot;) then		-- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year;  uses spaced endash
		month, day, month2, day2, anchor_year, year=date_string:match(&quot;(%a+) +(%d%d?) – (%a+) +(%d%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end
		month = get_month_number (month);
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d? +%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d – [1-9]%d? +%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then		-- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash
		day, month, year, day2, month2, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match(&quot;(%d%d?) +(%a+) +(%d%d%d%d?) – (%d%d?) +(%a+) +((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)&quot;);
		if tonumber(year2) &lt;= tonumber(year) then return false; end							-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end									-- year2 no more than one year in the future
		month = get_month_number (month);
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^%a+ +[1-9]%d?, +[1-9]%d%d%d – %a+ +[1-9]%d?, +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then		-- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year;  uses spaced endash
		month, day, year, month2, day2, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match(&quot;(%a+) +(%d%d?), +(%d%d%d%d) – (%a+) +(%d%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		if tonumber(year2) &lt;= tonumber(year) then return false; end							-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end									-- year2 no more than one year in the future
		month = get_month_number (month);
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^Winter +[1-9]%d%d%d–%d%d%a?$&quot;) then							-- special case Winter year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash
		local century;
		year, century, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match(&quot;Winter +((%d%d)%d%d)–((%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		anchor_year=year..'–'..anchor_year;													-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		year2 = century..year2;																-- add the century to year2 for comparisons
		if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end						-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end									-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^Winter +[1-9]%d%d%d–[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then					-- special case Winter year-year; year separated with unspaced endash
		year, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match(&quot;Winter +(%d%d%d%d)–((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		anchor_year=year..'–'..anchor_year;													-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end						-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end									-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d% – %a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then				-- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash
		month, year, month2, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match(&quot;(%a+) +(%d%d%d%d) – (%a+) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		anchor_year=year..'–'..anchor_year;													-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end							-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end									-- no year farther in the future than next year
		if not((0 ~= get_month_number(month) and 0 ~= get_month_number(month2)) or 			-- both must be month year or season year, not mixed
			(0 ~= get_season_number(month) and 0 ~= get_season_number(month2))) then return false; end

	elseif date_string:match (&quot;^%a+–%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then								-- month/season range year; months separated by endash 
		month, month2, anchor_year, year=date_string:match (&quot;(%a+)–(%a+)%s*((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or (not is_valid_year(year)) then
			return false;
		end
		
	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^%a+ +%d%d%d%d%a?$&quot;) then							-- month/season year
		month, anchor_year, year=date_string:match(&quot;(%a+)%s*((%d%d%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		if not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end
		if not is_valid_month_or_season (month) then return false; end

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d%d%d?–[1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$&quot;) then				-- Year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999
		year, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match(&quot;(%d%d%d%d?)–((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)&quot;);
		anchor_year=year..'–'..anchor_year;										-- assemble anchor year from both years
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d%d%d–%d%d%a?$&quot;) then						-- Year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash
		local century;
		year, century, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match(&quot;((%d%d)%d%d)–((%d%d)%a?)&quot;);
		anchor_year=year..'–'..anchor_year;										-- assemble anchor year from both years
		if 13 &gt; tonumber(year2) then return false; end							-- don't allow 2003-05 which might be May 2003
		year2 = century..year2;													-- add the century to year2 for comparisons
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif date_string:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$&quot;) then							-- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY
		anchor_year, year=date_string:match(&quot;((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)&quot;);
		if false == is_valid_year(year) then
			return false;
		end

	else
		return false;											-- date format not one of the MOS:DATE approved formats
	end

	local result=true;											-- check whole dates for validity; assume true because not all dates will go through this test
	if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then		-- YMD (simple whole date)
		result=is_valid_date(year,month,day);

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-d (day range)
		result=is_valid_date(year,month,day);
		result=result and is_valid_date(year,month,day2);

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-md (day month range)
		result=is_valid_date(year,month,day);
		result=result and is_valid_date(year,month2,day2);

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 ~= year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-ymd (day month year range)
		result=is_valid_date(year,month,day);
		result=result and is_valid_date(year2,month2,day2);
	end
	
	if false == result then return false; end
																-- if here, then date_string is valid; get coins_date from date_string (leave CITEREF disambiguator) ...
	coins_date=date_string:match(&quot;^(.+%d)%a?$&quot;);				-- last character of valid disambiguatable date is always a digit
	coins_date= mw.ustring.gsub(coins_date, &quot;–&quot;, &quot;-&quot; );			-- ... and replace any ndash with a hyphen
	
	return true, anchor_year, coins_date;						-- format is good and date string represents a real date
end	

--[[
Cycle the date-holding parameters in passed table date_parameters_list through check_date() to check compliance with MOS:DATE. For all valid dates, check_date() returns
true. The |date= parameter test is unique, it is the only date holding parameter from which values for anchor_year (used in CITEREF identifiers) and COinS_date (used in
the COinS metadata) are derived.  The |date= parameter is the only date-holding parameter that is allowed to contain the no-date keywords &quot;n.d.&quot; or &quot;nd&quot; (without quotes).

Unlike most error messages created in this module, only one error message is created by this function. Because all of the date holding parameters are processed serially,
a single error message is created as the dates are tested.
]]

function p.dates(date_parameters_list)
	local anchor_year;		-- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date=
	local COinS_date;		-- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date=
	local error_message =&quot;&quot;;
	local good_date=false;
	
	for k, v in pairs(date_parameters_list) do										-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set(v) then															-- if the parameter has a value
			if v:match(&quot;^c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$&quot;) then								-- special case for c. year or with or without CITEREF disambiguator - only |date= and |year=
				local year = v:match(&quot;c%. ([1-9]%d%d%d?)%a?&quot;);						-- get the year portion so it can be tested
				if 'date'==k then
					anchor_year, COinS_date = v:match(&quot;((c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?)%a?)&quot;);	-- anchor year and COinS_date only from |date= parameter
					good_date = is_valid_year(year);
				elseif 'year'==k then
					good_date = is_valid_year(year);
				end
			elseif 'date'==k then													-- if the parameter is |date=
				if v:match(&quot;n%.d%.%a?&quot;) then										-- if |date=n.d. with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v:match(&quot;((n%.d%.)%a?)&quot;);	--&quot;n.d.&quot;; no error when date parameter is set to no date
				elseif v:match(&quot;nd%a?$&quot;) then										-- if |date=nd with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v:match(&quot;((nd)%a?)&quot;);	--&quot;nd&quot;;	no error when date parameter is set to no date
				else
					good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = check_date (v);			-- go test the date
				end
			else																	-- any other date-holding parameter
				good_date = check_date (v);											-- go test the date
			end
			if false==good_date then												-- assemble one error message so we don't add the tracking category multiple times
				if is_set(error_message) then										-- once we've added the first portion of the error message ...
					error_message=error_message .. &quot;, &quot;;							-- ... add a comma space separator
				end
				error_message=error_message .. &quot;&amp;#124;&quot; .. k .. &quot;=&quot;;				-- add the failed parameter
			end
		end
	end

	return anchor_year, COinS_date, error_message;		-- and done
end

return p;</text>
      <sha1>a211cvgxj3ept1dvp5exqptfobllb0v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4080</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26663</id>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:15:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]]</comment>
      <origin>26663</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="27355" sha1="eaq8xfsny76nsayf7ffs8e3oqzhufom" xml:space="preserve">citation_config = {};

-- override &lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt; styling to remove color, border, and padding.  &lt;code&gt; css is specified here:
-- https://git.wikimedia.org/blob/mediawiki%2Fcore.git/69cd73811f7aadd093050dbf20ed70ef0b42a713/skins%2Fcommon%2FcommonElements.css#L199
local code_style=&quot;color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;&quot;;

--[[
List of namespaces that should not be included in citation
error categories.  Same as setting notracking = true by default

Note: Namespace names should use underscores instead of spaces.
]]
citation_config.uncategorized_namespaces = { 'User', 'Talk', 'User_talk', 'Wikipedia_talk', 'File_talk', 'Template_talk',
	'Help_talk', 'Category_talk', 'Portal_talk', 'Book_talk', 'Draft', 'Draft_talk', 'Education_Program_talk', 
	'Module_talk', 'MediaWiki_talk' };

--[[
Translation table

The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation.
This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this
module.
]]
citation_config.messages = {
  ['published'] = 'published $1',
  ['lay summary'] = 'Lay summary',
  ['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1',
  ['inactive'] = 'inactive',
  ['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2',
  ['archived-not-dead'] = '$1 from the original on $2',
  ['archived-missing'] = 'Archived from the original$1 on $2',
  ['archived'] = 'Archived',
  ['original'] = 'the original',
  ['editor'] = 'ed.',
  ['editors'] = 'eds.', 
  ['edition'] = '($1 ed.)', 
  ['episode'] = 'episode',
  ['season'] = 'season', 
  ['series'] = 'series',
  ['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1',
  ['section'] = 'Section $1',
  ['inset'] = '$1 inset',
  ['written'] = 'Written at $1',
  ['in'] = 'In',
  ['et al'] = 'et al.', 
  
  ['subscription'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555&quot;&gt;(subscription required (&lt;span title=&quot;Sources are not required to be available online. Online sources do not have to be freely available. The site may require a paid subscription.&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help&quot;&gt;help&lt;/span&gt;))&lt;/span&gt;' ..
  	'[[Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content]]', 

  ['registration']='&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555&quot;&gt;(registration required (&lt;span title=&quot;Sources are not required to be available online. Online sources do not have to be freely available. The site may require registration.&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help&quot;&gt;help&lt;/span&gt;))&lt;/span&gt;' ..
  	'[[Category:Pages with login required references or sources]]',
  
  ['language'] = '(in $1)', 
  ['via'] = &quot; &amp;ndash; via $1&quot;,
  ['event'] = 'Event occurs at',
  ['minutes'] = 'minutes in', 

  ['quoted-title'] = '&quot;$1&quot;',
  ['italic-title'] = &quot;''$1''&quot;,
  ['trans-quoted-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;$1&amp;#93;&quot;,
  ['trans-italic-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;''$1''&amp;#93;&quot;,
  ['quoted-text'] = '&quot;$1&quot;',

  ['parameter'] = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
  ['parameter-separator'] = ', ',
  ['parameter-final-separator'] = ', and ',
  ['parameter-pair-separator'] = ' and ',

  -- Error output
  -- .error class is specified at https://git.wikimedia.org/blob/mediawiki%2Fcore.git/9553bd02a5595da05c184f7521721fb1b79b3935/skins%2Fcommon%2Fshared.css#L538
  -- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display
  ['hidden-error'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;display:none;font-size:100%&quot; class=&quot;error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
  ['visible-error'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%&quot; class=&quot;error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
  
  -- Determines the location of the help page
  ['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors',
  ['help page label'] = 'help',
  
  -- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad)
  ['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition',
  ['unknown_manual_ID'] = 'Unrecognized manual ID mode',
  ['unknown_ID_mode'] = 'Unrecognized ID mode',
  ['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable',
  ['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare url found but origin indicator is nil or empty',
}

-- Aliases table for commonly passed parameters
citation_config.aliases = {
	['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'},
	['Agency'] = 'agency',
	['AirDate'] = {'air-date', 'airdate'},
	['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'},
	['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'},
	['ASINTLD'] = {'ASIN-TLD', 'asin-tld'},
	['At'] = 'at',
	['Authors'] = {'authors', 'people', 'host'},
	['AuthorFormat'] = {'author-format', 'authorformat'},
	['AuthorSeparator'] = 'author-separator',
	['AuthorNameSeparator'] = 'author-name-separator',
	['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'},
	['Callsign'] = {'call-sign', 'callsign'},				-- cite interview
	['Cartography'] = 'cartography',
	['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section', 'notestitle'},	-- notestitle is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used by old cite AV media notes
	['ChapterLink'] = {'chapter-link', 'chapterlink'},
	['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'chapterurl', 'contribution-url', 'contributionurl', 'section-url', 'sectionurl'},
	['City'] = 'city',										-- cite interview
	['Coauthors'] = {'coauthors', 'coauthor'},				-- coauthor and coauthors are deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014
	['Cointerviewers'] = 'cointerviewers',					-- cointerviewers is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used by cite interview
	['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'},
	['ConferenceURL'] = {'conference-url', 'conferenceurl', 'event-url', 'eventurl'},
	['Date'] = 'date',
	['Day'] = 'day',
	['DeadURL'] = {'dead-url', 'deadurl'},
	['Degree'] = 'degree',
	['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'displayauthors'},
	['DisplayEditors'] = {'display-editors', 'displayeditors'},
	['Docket'] = 'docket',
	['DoiBroken'] = {'doi-broken', 'doi-broken-date', 'doi-inactive-date', 'DoiBroken', 'doi_brokendate', 'doi_inactivedate'},
	['Edition'] = 'edition',
	['Editors'] = 'editors',
	['EditorFormat'] = {'editor-format', 'editorformat'},
	['EditorSeparator'] = 'editor-separator',
	['EditorNameSeparator'] = 'editor-name-separator',
	['Embargo'] = {'Embargo', 'embargo'},
	['Format'] = 'format',
	['ID'] = {'id', 'ID', 'publisherid'},					-- publisherid is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used by old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD notes
	['IgnoreISBN'] = {'ignore-isbn-error', 'ignoreisbnerror'},
	['Inset'] = 'inset',
	['Interviewer'] = 'interviewer',						-- cite interview
	['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'},
	['Language'] = {'language', 'in'},
	['LastAuthorAmp'] = {'last-author-amp', 'lastauthoramp'},
	['LayDate'] = {'lay-date', 'laydate'},
	['LaySource'] = {'lay-source', 'laysource'},
	['LayURL'] = {'lay-url', 'lay-summary', 'layurl', 'laysummary'},
	['Minutes'] = 'minutes',
	['Month'] = 'month',
	['NameSeparator'] = 'name-separator',
	['Network'] = 'network',
	['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'},
	['NoTracking'] = {'template-doc-demo', 'template doc demo', 'no-cat', 'nocat', 
		'no-tracking', 'notracking'},
	['OrigYear'] = {'orig-year', 'origyear', 'titleyear'},	-- titleyear is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used in old cite DVD notes
	['Others'] = {'others', 'artist', 'director'},			-- artist and director are deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used in old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD notes
	['Page'] = {'p', 'page'},
	['Pages'] = {'pp', 'pages'},
	['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'newspaper', 'magazine', 'work',
		'website',  'periodical', 'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'},
	['Place'] = {'place', 'location'},
	['PPrefix'] = {'p-prefix', 'PPrefix'},
	['PPPrefix'] = {'pp-prefix', 'PPPrefix'},
	['Program'] = 'program',								-- cite interview
	['PostScript'] = 'postscript',
	['PublicationDate'] = {'publicationdate', 'publication-date'},
	['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'},
--[[ Hide unfinished cite newsgroup code so that long delayed update can take place
	['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'distributor', 'institution', 'newsgroup'},
]]	['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'distributor', 'institution'},
	['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'},
	['Ref'] = {'ref', 'Ref'},
	['RegistrationRequired'] = 'registration',
	['Scale'] = 'scale',
	['Section'] = 'section',
	['Season'] = 'season',
	['Separator'] = 'separator',
	['Series'] = {'series', 'version'},
	['SeriesSeparator'] = 'series-separator',
	['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'},
	['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no', 'seriesnumber', 'seriesno'},
	['Station'] = 'station',
	['SubscriptionRequired'] = 'subscription',
	['Time'] = 'time',
	['TimeCaption'] = {'time-caption', 'timecaption'},
	['Title'] = 'title',
	['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'titlelink', 'episodelink', 'albumlink'},	-- albumlink is deprecated; remove after 1 October 2014; used by old cite AV media notes
	['TitleNote'] = 'department',
	['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'},
	['TransChapter'] = {'trans-chapter', 'trans_chapter'},
	['Transcript'] = 'transcript',
	['TranscriptURL'] = {'transcript-url', 'transcripturl'},
	['TransTitle'] = {'trans-title', 'trans_title'},
	['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'},
	['Via'] = 'via',
	['Volume'] = 'volume',
	['Year'] = 'year',

	['AuthorList-First'] = {&quot;author#-first&quot;, &quot;author-first#&quot;,
		&quot;first#&quot;, &quot;given#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Last'] = {&quot;author#-last&quot;, &quot;author-last#&quot;, 
		&quot;last#&quot;, &quot;surname#&quot;, &quot;Author#&quot;, &quot;author#&quot;, &quot;authors#&quot;, &quot;subject#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Link'] = {&quot;author#-link&quot;, &quot;author-link#&quot;, 
		&quot;author#link&quot;, &quot;authorlink#&quot;, &quot;subject-link#&quot;, &quot;subject#link&quot;, &quot;subject#-link&quot;, &quot;subjectlink#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Mask'] = {&quot;author#-mask&quot;, &quot;author-mask#&quot;, 
		&quot;author#mask&quot;, &quot;authormask#&quot;},
	
	['EditorList-First'] = {&quot;editor#-first&quot;, 
		&quot;editor-first#&quot;, &quot;editor#-given&quot;, &quot;editor-given#&quot;, &quot;EditorGiven#&quot;},
	['EditorList-Last'] = {&quot;editor#-last&quot;, &quot;editor-last#&quot;,
		&quot;editor#-surname&quot;, &quot;editor-surname#&quot;, &quot;EditorSurname#&quot;, &quot;Editor#&quot;, &quot;editor#&quot;, &quot;editors#&quot;},
	['EditorList-Link'] = {&quot;editor#-link&quot;, &quot;editor-link#&quot;, 
		&quot;editor#link&quot;, &quot;editorlink#&quot;},
	['EditorList-Mask'] = {&quot;editor#-mask&quot;, &quot;editor-mask#&quot;, 
		&quot;editor#mask&quot;, &quot;editormask#&quot;},
	
}

-- Default parameter values
citation_config.defaults = {
	['DeadURL'] = 'yes',
	['AuthorSeparator'] = ';',
	['EditorSeparator'] = ';',
	['NameSeparator'] = ',',
	['PPrefix'] = &quot;p.&amp;nbsp;&quot;,
	['PPPrefix'] = &quot;pp.&amp;nbsp;&quot;,	
}

--[[
Error condition table

The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the 
code.  For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to
include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment.

Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors
]]

citation_config.error_conditions = {
	accessdate_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;accessdate=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url',
		category = 'Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL',
		hidden = true },
	archive_missing_date = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archiveurl=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archivedate=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_date',
		category = 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors',
		hidden = false },
	archive_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archiveurl=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_url',
		category = 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors',
		hidden = false },
	bad_arxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_arxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',
		hidden = false },
	bad_authorlink = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;authorlink=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_authorlink',
		category = 'CS1 errors: authorlink',
		hidden = false },
	bad_date = {
		message = 'Check date values in: &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: dates',
		hidden = true },
	bad_doi = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_doi',
		category = 'Pages with DOI errors',
		hidden = false },
	bad_isbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;isbn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_isbn',
		category = 'Pages with ISBN errors',
		hidden = false },
	bad_issn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;issn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_issn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN',
		hidden = false },
	bad_lccn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;lccn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_lccn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN',
		hidden = false },
	bad_ol = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ol=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ol',
		category = 'Pages with OL errors',
		hidden = false },
	bad_pmc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC',
		hidden = false },
	bad_pmid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMID',
		hidden = false },
	bad_url = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt; scheme',
		anchor = 'bad_url',
		category = 'Pages with URL errors',
		hidden = false },
	bare_url_missing_title = {
		message = '$1 missing title',
		anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title',
		category = 'Pages with citations having bare URLs',
		hidden = false },
	citation_missing_title = {
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;title=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'citation_missing_title',
		category = 'Pages with citations lacking titles',
		hidden = false },
	cite_web_url = {										-- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'cite_web_url',
		category = 'Pages using web citations with no URL',
		hidden = true },
	coauthors_missing_author = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;coauthors=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;author=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'coauthors_missing_author',
		category = 'CS1 errors: coauthors without author',
		hidden = false },
	deprecated_params = {
		message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameters',
		anchor = 'deprecated_params',
		category = 'Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters',
		hidden = true },
	empty_citation = {
		message = 'Empty citation',
		anchor = 'empty_citation',
		category = 'Pages with empty citations',
		hidden = false },
	extra_pages = {
		message = 'Extra &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pages=&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;at=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'extra_pages',
		category = 'Pages with citations using conflicting page specifications',
		hidden = false },
	first_missing_last = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;first$2=&lt;/code&gt; missing &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;last$2=&lt;/code&gt; in $1',
		anchor = 'first_missing_last',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing author or editor',
		hidden = false },
	format_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;format=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'format_missing_url',
		category = 'Pages using citations with format and no URL',
		hidden = true },
	implict_etal_author = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;displayauthors=&lt;/code&gt; suggested',
		anchor = 'displayauthors',
		category = 'Pages using citations with old-style implicit et al.',
		hidden = true },
	implict_etal_editor = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;displayeditors=&lt;/code&gt; suggested',
		anchor = 'displayeditors',
		category = 'Pages using citations with old-style implicit et al. in editors',
		hidden = true },
	missing_name = {
		message = 'Missing &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;last$2=&lt;/code&gt; in $1',
		anchor = 'missing_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing author or editor',
		hidden = false },
	parameter_ignored = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored',
		category = 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters',
		hidden = false },
	parameter_ignored_suggest = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored (&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; suggested)',
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest',
		category = 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters',
		hidden = false },
	redundant_parameters = {
		message = 'More than one of $1 specified',
		anchor = 'redundant_parameters',
		category = 'Pages with citations having redundant parameters',
		hidden = false },
	text_ignored = {
		message = 'Text &quot;$1&quot; ignored',
		anchor = 'text_ignored',
		category = 'Pages with citations using unnamed parameters',
		hidden = false },
	trans_missing_chapter = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;trans_chapter=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;chapter=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'trans_missing_chapter',
		category = 'Pages with citations using translated terms without the original',
		hidden = false },
	trans_missing_title = {
		message = '&lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;trans_title=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code style=&quot;'..code_style..'&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;title=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'trans_missing_title',
		category = 'Pages with citations using translated terms without the original',
		hidden = false },
	wikilink_in_url = {
		message = 'Wikilink embedded in URL title',
		anchor = 'wikilink_in_url',
		category = 'Pages with citations having wikilinks embedded in URL titles',
		hidden = false },
}

citation_config.id_handlers = {
	['ARXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'arxiv', 'ARXIV'}, 
		link = 'arXiv',
		label = 'arXiv',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//arxiv.org/abs/', 						-- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:arxiv',
		separator = ':',
	},
	['ASIN'] = {
		parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' },	   
		link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number',
		label = 'ASIN',
		mode = 'manual',
		COinS = 'info:asin',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = false;
	},
	['BIBCODE'] = {
		parameters = {'bibcode', 'BIBCODE'}, 
		link = 'Bibcode',
		label = 'Bibcode',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = 'http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:bibcode',
		separator = ':',
	},
	['DOI'] = {
		parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI' },
		link = 'Digital object identifier',
		label = 'doi',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = 'http://dx.doi.org/',
		COinS = 'info:doi',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
	},
	['ISBN'] = {
		parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN', 'isbn13', 'ISBN13'}, 
		link = 'International Standard Book Number',
		label = 'ISBN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/',
		COinS = 'rft.isbn',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['ISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'}, 
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number',
		label = 'ISSN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.issn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['JFM'] = {
		parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'}, 
		link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik',
		label = 'JFM',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = 'http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'rft.jfm',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['JSTOR'] = {
		parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'}, 
		link = 'JSTOR',
		label = 'JSTOR',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = '//www.jstor.org/stable/', 				-- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'rft.jstor',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['LCCN'] = {
		parameters = {'LCCN', 'lccn'}, 
		link = 'Library of Congress Control Number',
		label = 'LCCN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = 'http://lccn.loc.gov/',
		COinS = 'rft.lccn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['MR'] = {
		parameters = {'MR', 'mr'}, 
		link = 'Mathematical Reviews',
		label = 'MR',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = '//www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=', 	-- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'rft.mr',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['OCLC'] = {
		parameters = {'OCLC', 'oclc'}, 
		link = 'OCLC',
		label = 'OCLC',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/',
		COinS = 'info:oclcnum',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['OL'] = {
		parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' },
		link = 'Open Library',
		label = 'OL',
		mode = 'manual',
		COinS = 'info:olnum',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		endode = true,
	},
	['OSTI'] = {
		parameters = {'OSTI', 'osti'}, 
		link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information',
		label = 'OSTI',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = '//www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=',	-- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'info:osti',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['PMC'] = {
		parameters = {'PMC', 'pmc'}, 
		link = 'PubMed Central',
		label = 'PMC',
		mode = 'manual',									-- changed to support unlinking of PMC identifier when article is embargoed
		prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC', 
		suffix = &quot; &quot;,
		COinS = 'info:pmc',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['PMID'] = {
		parameters = {'PMID', 'pmid'}, 
		link = 'PubMed Identifier',
		label = 'PMID',
		mode = 'manual',									-- changed from external manual to support PMID validation
		prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/',
		COinS = 'info:pmid',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['RFC'] = {
		parameters = {'RFC', 'rfc'}, 
		link = 'Request for Comments',
		label = 'RFC',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = '//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc',
		COinS = 'info:rfc',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
	['SSRN'] = {
		parameters = {'SSRN', 'ssrn'}, 
		link = 'Social Science Research Network',
		label = 'SSRN',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = '//ssrn.com/abstract=', 					-- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'info:ssrn',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
--[[ Hide unfinished cite newsgroup code so that long delayed update can take place
	['USENETID'] = {
		parameters = {'id', 'ID'}, 
		link = 'Usenet',
		label = 'Usenet:',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = 'news:',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:usenet',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
]]	['ZBL'] = {
		parameters = {'ZBL', 'zbl'}, 
		link = 'Zentralblatt MATH',
		label = 'Zbl',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = 'http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'info:zbl',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
	},
}

--iso639-1 language codes and names.
citation_config.iso639_1 = {
	[&quot;aa&quot;] = &quot;Afar&quot;,
	[&quot;ab&quot;] = &quot;Abkhazian&quot;,
	[&quot;ae&quot;] = &quot;Avestan&quot;,
	[&quot;af&quot;] = &quot;Afrikaans&quot;,
	[&quot;ak&quot;] = &quot;Akan&quot;,
	[&quot;am&quot;] = &quot;Amharic&quot;,
	[&quot;an&quot;] = &quot;Aragonese&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;Arabic&quot;,
	[&quot;as&quot;] = &quot;Assamese&quot;,
	[&quot;av&quot;] = &quot;Avaric&quot;,
	[&quot;ay&quot;] = &quot;Aymara&quot;,
	[&quot;az&quot;] = &quot;Azerbaijani&quot;,
	[&quot;ba&quot;] = &quot;Bashkir&quot;,
	[&quot;be&quot;] = &quot;Belarusian&quot;,
	[&quot;bg&quot;] = &quot;Bulgarian&quot;,
	[&quot;bh&quot;] = &quot;Bihari languages&quot;,
	[&quot;bi&quot;] = &quot;Bislama&quot;,
	[&quot;bm&quot;] = &quot;Bambara&quot;,
	[&quot;bn&quot;] = &quot;Bengali&quot;,
	[&quot;bo&quot;] = &quot;Tibetan&quot;,
	[&quot;br&quot;] = &quot;Breton&quot;,
	[&quot;bs&quot;] = &quot;Bosnian&quot;,
	[&quot;ca&quot;] = &quot;Catalan&quot;,
--	[&quot;ca&quot;] = &quot;Valencian&quot;,
	[&quot;ce&quot;] = &quot;Chechen&quot;,
	[&quot;ch&quot;] = &quot;Chamorro&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;Corsican&quot;,
	[&quot;cr&quot;] = &quot;Cree&quot;,
	[&quot;cs&quot;] = &quot;Czech&quot;,
	[&quot;cu&quot;] = &quot;Church Slavic&quot;,
--	[&quot;cu&quot;] = &quot;Old Slavonic&quot;,
--	[&quot;cu&quot;] = &quot;Church Slavonic&quot;,
--	[&quot;cu&quot;] = &quot;Old Bulgarian&quot;,
--	[&quot;cu&quot;] = &quot;Old Church Slavonic&quot;,
	[&quot;cv&quot;] = &quot;Chuvash&quot;,
	[&quot;cy&quot;] = &quot;Welsh&quot;,
	[&quot;da&quot;] = &quot;Danish&quot;,
	[&quot;de&quot;] = &quot;German&quot;,
	[&quot;dv&quot;] = &quot;Divehi&quot;,
	[&quot;dv&quot;] = &quot;Dhivehi&quot;,
	[&quot;dv&quot;] = &quot;Maldivian&quot;,
	[&quot;dz&quot;] = &quot;Dzongkha&quot;,
	[&quot;ee&quot;] = &quot;Ewe&quot;,
	[&quot;el&quot;] = &quot;Modern Greek&quot;,
	[&quot;en&quot;] = &quot;English&quot;,
	[&quot;eo&quot;] = &quot;Esperanto&quot;,
	[&quot;es&quot;] = &quot;Spanish&quot;,
--	[&quot;es&quot;] = &quot;Castilian&quot;,
	[&quot;et&quot;] = &quot;Estonian&quot;,
	[&quot;eu&quot;] = &quot;Basque&quot;,
	[&quot;fa&quot;] = &quot;Persian&quot;,
	[&quot;ff&quot;] = &quot;Fulah&quot;,
	[&quot;fi&quot;] = &quot;Finnish&quot;,
	[&quot;fj&quot;] = &quot;Fijian&quot;,
	[&quot;fo&quot;] = &quot;Faroese&quot;,
	[&quot;fr&quot;] = &quot;French&quot;,
	[&quot;fy&quot;] = &quot;Western Frisian&quot;,
	[&quot;ga&quot;] = &quot;Irish&quot;,
--	[&quot;gd&quot;] = &quot;Gaelic&quot;,
	[&quot;gd&quot;] = &quot;Scottish Gaelic&quot;,
	[&quot;gl&quot;] = &quot;Galician&quot;,
	[&quot;gn&quot;] = &quot;Guarani&quot;,
	[&quot;gu&quot;] = &quot;Gujarati&quot;,
	[&quot;gv&quot;] = &quot;Manx&quot;,
	[&quot;ha&quot;] = &quot;Hausa&quot;,
	[&quot;he&quot;] = &quot;Hebrew&quot;,
	[&quot;hi&quot;] = &quot;Hindi&quot;,
	[&quot;ho&quot;] = &quot;Hiri Motu&quot;,
	[&quot;hr&quot;] = &quot;Croatian&quot;,
--	[&quot;ht&quot;] = &quot;Haitian&quot;,
	[&quot;ht&quot;] = &quot;Haitian Creole&quot;,
	[&quot;hu&quot;] = &quot;Hungarian&quot;,
	[&quot;hy&quot;] = &quot;Armenian&quot;,
	[&quot;hz&quot;] = &quot;Herero&quot;,
	[&quot;ia&quot;] = &quot;Interlingua&quot;,
	[&quot;id&quot;] = &quot;Indonesian&quot;,
	[&quot;ie&quot;] = &quot;Interlingue&quot;,
	[&quot;ie&quot;] = &quot;Occidental&quot;,
	[&quot;ig&quot;] = &quot;Igbo&quot;,
--	[&quot;ii&quot;] = &quot;Sichuan Yi&quot;,
	[&quot;ii&quot;] = &quot;Nuosu&quot;,
	[&quot;ik&quot;] = &quot;Inupiaq&quot;,
	[&quot;io&quot;] = &quot;Ido&quot;,
	[&quot;is&quot;] = &quot;Icelandic&quot;,
	[&quot;it&quot;] = &quot;Italian&quot;,
	[&quot;iu&quot;] = &quot;Inuktitut&quot;,
	[&quot;ja&quot;] = &quot;Japanese&quot;,
	[&quot;jv&quot;] = &quot;Javanese&quot;,
	[&quot;ka&quot;] = &quot;Georgian&quot;,
	[&quot;kg&quot;] = &quot;Kongo&quot;,
--	[&quot;ki&quot;] = &quot;Kikuyu&quot;,
	[&quot;ki&quot;] = &quot;Gikuyu&quot;,
--	[&quot;kj&quot;] = &quot;Kuanyama&quot;,
	[&quot;kj&quot;] = &quot;Kwanyama&quot;,
	[&quot;kk&quot;] = &quot;Kazakh&quot;,
--	[&quot;kl&quot;] = &quot;Kalaallisut&quot;,
	[&quot;kl&quot;] = &quot;Greenlandic&quot;,
	[&quot;km&quot;] = &quot;Central Khmer&quot;,
	[&quot;kn&quot;] = &quot;Kannada&quot;,
	[&quot;ko&quot;] = &quot;Korean&quot;,
	[&quot;kr&quot;] = &quot;Kanuri&quot;,
	[&quot;ks&quot;] = &quot;Kashmiri&quot;,
	[&quot;ku&quot;] = &quot;Kurdish&quot;,
	[&quot;kv&quot;] = &quot;Komi&quot;,
	[&quot;kw&quot;] = &quot;Cornish&quot;,
--	[&quot;ky&quot;] = &quot;Kirghiz&quot;,
	[&quot;ky&quot;] = &quot;Kyrgyz&quot;,
	[&quot;la&quot;] = &quot;Latin&quot;,
	[&quot;lb&quot;] = &quot;Luxembourgish&quot;,
--	[&quot;lb&quot;] = &quot;Letzeburgesch&quot;,
	[&quot;lg&quot;] = &quot;Ganda&quot;,
--	[&quot;li&quot;] = &quot;Limburgan&quot;,
--	[&quot;li&quot;] = &quot;Limburger&quot;,
	[&quot;li&quot;] = &quot;Limburgish&quot;,
	[&quot;ln&quot;] = &quot;Lingala&quot;,
	[&quot;lo&quot;] = &quot;Lao&quot;,
	[&quot;lt&quot;] = &quot;Lithuanian&quot;,
	[&quot;lu&quot;] = &quot;Luba-Katanga&quot;,
	[&quot;lv&quot;] = &quot;Latvian&quot;,
	[&quot;mg&quot;] = &quot;Malagasy&quot;,
	[&quot;mh&quot;] = &quot;Marshallese&quot;,
	[&quot;mi&quot;] = &quot;Maori&quot;,
	[&quot;mk&quot;] = &quot;Macedonian&quot;,
	[&quot;ml&quot;] = &quot;Malayalam&quot;,
	[&quot;mn&quot;] = &quot;Mongolian&quot;,
	[&quot;mr&quot;] = &quot;Marathi&quot;,
	[&quot;ms&quot;] = &quot;Malay&quot;,
	[&quot;mt&quot;] = &quot;Maltese&quot;,
	[&quot;my&quot;] = &quot;Burmese&quot;,
	[&quot;na&quot;] = &quot;Nauru&quot;,
	[&quot;nb&quot;] = &quot;Norwegian Bokmål&quot;,
	[&quot;nd&quot;] = &quot;North Ndebele&quot;,
	[&quot;ne&quot;] = &quot;Nepali&quot;,
	[&quot;ng&quot;] = &quot;Ndonga&quot;,
	[&quot;nl&quot;] = &quot;Dutch&quot;,
--	[&quot;nl&quot;] = &quot;Flemish&quot;,
	[&quot;nn&quot;] = &quot;Norwegian Nynorsk&quot;,
	[&quot;no&quot;] = &quot;Norwegian&quot;,
	[&quot;nr&quot;] = &quot;South Ndebele&quot;,
	[&quot;nv&quot;] = &quot;Navajo&quot;,
--	[&quot;nv&quot;] = &quot;Navaho&quot;,
--	[&quot;ny&quot;] = &quot;Chichewa&quot;,
--	[&quot;ny&quot;] = &quot;Chewa&quot;,
	[&quot;ny&quot;] = &quot;Nyanja&quot;,
	[&quot;oc&quot;] = &quot;Occitan&quot;,
	[&quot;oj&quot;] = &quot;Ojibwa&quot;,
	[&quot;om&quot;] = &quot;Oromo&quot;,
	[&quot;or&quot;] = &quot;Oriya&quot;,
	[&quot;os&quot;] = &quot;Ossetian&quot;,
	[&quot;os&quot;] = &quot;Ossetic&quot;,
--	[&quot;pa&quot;] = &quot;Panjabi&quot;,
	[&quot;pa&quot;] = &quot;Punjabi&quot;,
	[&quot;pi&quot;] = &quot;Pali&quot;,
	[&quot;pl&quot;] = &quot;Polish&quot;,
--	[&quot;ps&quot;] = &quot;Pushto&quot;,
	[&quot;ps&quot;] = &quot;Pashto&quot;,
	[&quot;pt&quot;] = &quot;Portuguese&quot;,
	[&quot;qu&quot;] = &quot;Quechua&quot;,
	[&quot;rm&quot;] = &quot;Romansh&quot;,
	[&quot;rn&quot;] = &quot;Rundi&quot;,
	[&quot;ro&quot;] = &quot;Romanian&quot;,
--	[&quot;ro&quot;] = &quot;Moldavian&quot;,
--	[&quot;ro&quot;] = &quot;Moldovan&quot;,
	[&quot;ru&quot;] = &quot;Russian&quot;,
	[&quot;rw&quot;] = &quot;Kinyarwanda&quot;,
	[&quot;sa&quot;] = &quot;Sanskrit&quot;,
	[&quot;sc&quot;] = &quot;Sardinian&quot;,
	[&quot;sd&quot;] = &quot;Sindhi&quot;,
	[&quot;se&quot;] = &quot;Northern Sami&quot;,
	[&quot;sg&quot;] = &quot;Sango&quot;,
	[&quot;si&quot;] = &quot;Sinhala&quot;,
--	[&quot;si&quot;] = &quot;Sinhalese&quot;,
	[&quot;sk&quot;] = &quot;Slovak&quot;,
	[&quot;sl&quot;] = &quot;Slovenian&quot;,
	[&quot;sm&quot;] = &quot;Samoan&quot;,
	[&quot;sn&quot;] = &quot;Shona&quot;,
	[&quot;so&quot;] = &quot;Somali&quot;,
	[&quot;sq&quot;] = &quot;Albanian&quot;,
	[&quot;sr&quot;] = &quot;Serbian&quot;,
	[&quot;ss&quot;] = &quot;Swati&quot;,
	[&quot;st&quot;] = &quot;Southern Sotho&quot;,
	[&quot;su&quot;] = &quot;Sundanese&quot;,
	[&quot;sv&quot;] = &quot;Swedish&quot;,
	[&quot;sw&quot;] = &quot;Swahili&quot;,
	[&quot;ta&quot;] = &quot;Tamil&quot;,
	[&quot;te&quot;] = &quot;Telugu&quot;,
	[&quot;tg&quot;] = &quot;Tajik&quot;,
	[&quot;th&quot;] = &quot;Thai&quot;,
	[&quot;ti&quot;] = &quot;Tigrinya&quot;,
	[&quot;tk&quot;] = &quot;Turkmen&quot;,
	[&quot;tl&quot;] = &quot;Tagalog&quot;,
	[&quot;tn&quot;] = &quot;Tswana&quot;,
	[&quot;to&quot;] = &quot;Tonga (Tonga Islands)&quot;,
	[&quot;tr&quot;] = &quot;Turkish&quot;,
	[&quot;ts&quot;] = &quot;Tsonga&quot;,
	[&quot;tt&quot;] = &quot;Tatar&quot;,
	[&quot;tw&quot;] = &quot;Twi&quot;,
	[&quot;ty&quot;] = &quot;Tahitian&quot;,
--	[&quot;ug&quot;] = &quot;Uighur&quot;,
	[&quot;ug&quot;] = &quot;Uyghur&quot;,
	[&quot;uk&quot;] = &quot;Ukrainian&quot;,
	[&quot;ur&quot;] = &quot;Urdu&quot;,
	[&quot;uz&quot;] = &quot;Uzbek&quot;,
	[&quot;ve&quot;] = &quot;Venda&quot;,
	[&quot;vi&quot;] = &quot;Vietnamese&quot;,
	[&quot;vo&quot;] = &quot;Volapük&quot;,
	[&quot;wa&quot;] = &quot;Walloon&quot;,
	[&quot;wo&quot;] = &quot;Wolof&quot;,
	[&quot;xh&quot;] = &quot;Xhosa&quot;,
	[&quot;yi&quot;] = &quot;Yiddish&quot;,
	[&quot;yo&quot;] = &quot;Yoruba&quot;,
	[&quot;za&quot;] = &quot;Zhuang&quot;,
--	[&quot;za&quot;] = &quot;Chuang&quot;,
	[&quot;zh&quot;] = &quot;Chinese&quot;,
	[&quot;zu&quot;] = &quot;Zulu&quot;,
}
return citation_config;</text>
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    <title>Template:Cite journal</title>
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      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:17:02Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>From [[:en:Template:Cite journal]]</comment>
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{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>From [[:en:Template:ICD9]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="105" sha1="inlm7lg4izfzyun1823ezel8jsddgvh" xml:space="preserve">[http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9={{{1}}} {{{1}}}]&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
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    <title>Template:ICD10</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <comment>From [[:en:Template:ICD10]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="538" sha1="qu6gervjpcg01kjw33s2fk73fzv2nfu" xml:space="preserve">[[{{#ifeq: {{{1|}}} | H
| {{#ifexpr: {{{2|-1}}} &gt;= 0 and {{{2|}}} &lt; 60
  | ICD-10 Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa
  | {{#ifexpr: {{{2|-1}}} &gt;= 60
    | ICD-10 Chapter VIII: Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
    | ICD-10 Chapter H
    }}
  }}
| ICD-10 Chapter {{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}}]][http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/{{{1}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}} {{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}}]&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Ebola</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4084</id>
    <redirect title="Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya Ebola" />
    <revision>
      <id>26669</id>
      <timestamp>2014-08-29T12:19:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFCF</username>
        <id>3676</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#REDIRECT [[Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya Ebola]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="53" sha1="l5brnk2hs3dy6ug1n4zdgx29rphju59" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya Ebola]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Trojany</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4085</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26978</id>
      <parentid>26686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-01-28T02:59:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <minor />
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'''Trojany''', ra [[Poland]].

[[Category:Poland]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hlatshwayo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37042</id>
      <parentid>33599</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-25T10:35:20Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="2148" sha1="5l6cd9go2rxltwm3lcvv2q71vdx87gq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       =  Hlachwayo/Hlatswayo/Hlatshwayo
| title                      =  Ntlhavani
| Afrika Dzonga              =  &lt;small&gt;[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]{{·}}[[Nelspruit]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki                 =  &lt;small&gt;[[Magudu]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                    =  &lt;small&gt;[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe                   =  
| Ntlawa                     = Va Djonga
|Izithakazelo=}}

'''Muti waka Hlachwayo''' i muti lowu vulavulaka Xichangana, Xitsonga, Xiswati na Xizulu.

==Matimu ya Muti== 

Lexi hi xona xi thopo lexi tivekaka xa muti lowu. Kuni ku hambana-nyana eka swi mutana swa ka Hlatshwayo loko swiri karhi swi thopa xivongo.

&lt;blockquote&gt;
hi va ka risenga/ Joni/Mahlekisi/Biyoko/ Mxayixa

wa mukhomazi,

wa xikhutu,

wa bingwana,

wa kaneti,

kaneti wa mhaka,

hi va ka rimani hi mimbhanyi hi tshika swikomu wi nga at helela,

swikomu hi ta lovola hi swona vavansati,

hi va ka mhandzi ya nkonono,

va ku; Hlachwayo, va ku; ntlhavani.

&quot;Ntlhavani&quot; hi yona nyimba ya ka hina.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

xivongo lexi I xona lexi mina Wisani Moses Hlatywayo xiluke xa sirha Gezani, Jemson, Hlachwayo na Nghozi, Nyanisi Hletswayo ,loyi a velekiweke eka mtititi Lombard ndzi nga kula ndzi karhi ndzi dyondzisiwa xona, inkomu.

== Rhavi e ka swiyenge swa rixaka ==
muti wa ka Hlachwayo/Hlatswayo/Hlatshwayo i muti wa tihosi lowu a wu rhangele hi Hosi Zwangendaba wa rixaka ra ka ka jele(jele clan) lava a va ri hansikumbe ku tirhisana na vuhosi bya ka Ndwandwe, Hosi Zwangendaba u hlanganile na Soshangane hi malembe ya va 1825, kutani va vumba nhlangano kambe a wu yanga ekule hikuva Soshangane a lava ku va Hosinkulu, kutani va hambanile laha a ku suke dzolonga exikarhi ka Soshangane na makwavo wa yena Mhlaba laha Soshangana a nga kongoma eMocambique kutani Zwangendaba na Mhlava va ya tlhama eVenda, Limpopo (Vembe) and Livubu (Rivubye) laha vakokwani va rhwariweke hi ti G.G kusuka eBwerhani ku ya aka eka Mtititi va n'wana va rhule eka Mdavula, Gandlanani, Mavambe, Phungwani na tin'wana tindhawu.

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stary Dwór</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4108</id>
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      <id>26977</id>
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      <minor />
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'''Stary Dwór''', ra [[Poland]].

[[Category:Poland]]</text>
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    <title>Vuqambhi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4119</id>
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      <id>35976</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Eniisi Lisika</username>
        <id>4934</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 35973 by [[Special:Contributions/212.85.72.61|212.85.72.61]] ([[User talk:212.85.72.61|talk]])</comment>
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'''Vuqambhi''' i mpaluxo wa vuswikoti kumbe nyiko ya miehleketo yo tumbuluxa vu xongi. Vito '''art''' ritekiwa e ka [[:en:wikipedia:Latin language|Xilatini]] '''''ars''''', leri hundzuluxeriwaka hiku kongoma kuri, &quot;kuhleleka&quot;. vuqambhi byi twisisiwa kuri ku endla mintirho leyi lavaka vuswikoti bya munhu lebyi yeke hala ka mhlamuselo. Hambi lewsi vuqambhi byi hambanisiwaka na [[Vuswikoti|vuswikoti(craft)]] na [[vuti-olori|vuti-olori(recreation)]], ndzelakano lowu wa byiharile. Viti ''vuqambhi-vuxongi(creative arts)'' i nhlengeleto wa vuleteri byo yelana na leswi endleriweke ku tsakisa va hlaleri kumbe vayingiseri leswaku va anakanyisisa haswona. Hikwalaho vuqambi byi hlanganisa swilo leswi tsariwaka([[Swithopo]] [[Vutsari]] na [[Vuthlokovetseri]]); leswi tlangiwaka ([[Kucina]], [[Mintlango]], na [[Vuyimbeleri]]); Leswi hlaleriwaka([[mpfapfarhuto]] ,[[Vuvatli]], [[Ku teka swinepe]], [[Vufanisi]]); kuya eka vuswikoti lebyi tirhisiwaka siku na siku ku hlanganisa na [[Vuaki byo sasekisa]] na [[Swiambalo|ku rhunga swi ambalo]]. Vuqambhi bya ha ye lana nakambe na [[kunyikiwa]], [[Vuxongi]] na ku pfuxa [[switwi(emotions)]].</text>
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File:Marula02.jpg|[[Nkanyi]]
File:Trichilia_dregeana,_blaarkruin,_Louwsburg.jpg|[[Nkuhlu]]
File:Terminalia_sericea,_a,_Seringveld.jpg|[[Nkonolo]]
File:Euclea_natalensis_subsp_natalensis,_blare,_eMakhosini.jpg|[[Nhlangulane]]
File:Mimusops_caffra_new_leaves.JPG|[[Ndzhole]]
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    <title>Portal:Miroho</title>
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&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwa-nkulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
&lt;!--      Full Column           --&gt;
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Nyangwa-nkulu wa: Miroho|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{|
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''ABC'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''DEF'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''GHI'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''JKL'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''M'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''N'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''OPQ'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''RST'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''UVW'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''XYZ'''
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||

|}
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku engeteriwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso yo tshuka yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Plants|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta swimilana eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
[[Category:Swimilana]]
[[Category:Miroho]]</text>
      <sha1>dbwzgb61db285ps8sly8df42wxrs92a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Mihandzu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27293</id>
      <parentid>26784</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-05-11T06:50:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27293</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5764" sha1="3o5gslodg1xxcmjbzyty1jmv9td92kh" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwa-nkulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
&lt;!--      Full Column           --&gt;
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Nyangwa-nkulu wa: Mihandzu|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{|
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''ABC'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''DEF'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''GHI'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''JKL'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''M'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''N'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''OPQ'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''RST'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''UVW'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''XYZ'''
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||

|}
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku engeteriwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso yo tshuka yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Plants|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta swimilana eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
[[Category:Swimilana]]
[[Category:Mihandzu]]</text>
      <sha1>3o5gslodg1xxcmjbzyty1jmv9td92kh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Minsinya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36960</id>
      <parentid>36958</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-22T09:18:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36960</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10817" sha1="3kdoqhmh117vrrtbszweyq3aouf2at3" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__ 
&lt;!----------Strapline immediately below banner----------&gt;
{|style=&quot;width:100%; background:none; margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0;&quot;
|style=&quot;font-size:120%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|'''Minyangwa-nkulu ya laha Wikipediyeni leyi:'''
|style=&quot;font-size:100%; padding:10px 0; margin:0px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot;|[[Portal:Arts|'''Vuqambhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Biography|'''Biography''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Geography|'''Ntivo mbangu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:History|'''Matimu''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Science|'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''']]&amp;nbsp;'''·''' [[Portal:Contents|'''Minyangwa-nkulu hinkwayo''']]
|}
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
&lt;!--      Full Column           --&gt;
&lt;!--------------------------------&gt;
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Nyangwa-nkulu wa: Minsinya|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{{image|name=Ash Tree - geograph.org.uk - 590710.jpg|width=120px|pad=3px|float=right}}
'''Nsinya''' i muxaka wa ximilana lexi ngana magaja lama kulaka ku ya e henhla kumbe e mathlelo. Minsinya yi tirha ku khoma misava leswaku yi nga kukuriwi hi mati ya mpfula naswona yithlela yiva na xandla eka maxelo. Minsinya ya nhova i kaya ra swihari swa mixakaxaka na swimilana swo hambana hambana. Minsinya yi endla ndhzuti wo sirhelela dyambu naswona yithlela yi tirhiseriwa ti ku endla ndzilo wa sweka na ku kufumela. Minsinya yo tala yi tswala mihandzu leyi dyiwaka hi vanhu na swihari.

&lt;Br&gt;
Lowu i nxaxamelo wa minsinya leyi tivekaka eka matsonga na vatshami vale matiko-xikaya ya la dzongeni bya tiko-nkulu wa Afrika. Nxaxamelo lowu wu tshegiwe eka ntirho wa Henri Junod loyi a tsaleke kuya hi vutivi lebyi a byikumeke eka va aki va le Rikatla.   

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&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
{|
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''ABCDEFG'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Balekanhloko]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Bungu]]||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Fenyana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Gorihwa]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Gowana]] ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''HIJKL'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Hlampfurha]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Hlehlwa]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Hlunguhlungu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Kamele]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Kelekele]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Khawa]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Lisekaseka]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Litlange]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Luhlwa]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''M'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Masinga]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Mbungu]]||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Menyamamba]]||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Midyanhwari]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Mondzo]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Mpfungura]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Mphyinsha]]||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Mudyanhwari]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Muhlu-tjhobo|Muhlu tjhobo]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Muhlwadyambu]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Murilwane]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Muxindzi]]||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Milala]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||

|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''N'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Ncensi_wa_ntlhaba|Ncensi wa ntlhaba]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Ncensi_wa_nyaka|Ncensi wa nyaka]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Ncesi]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Ndj'iba]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Ndziva]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Nembe-nembe]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Ngalangala]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Ndzhole]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nhdzutlwane]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Nhlale]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Nhlangula (Nsinya)]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nhlangula-vatsongwana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nhlangulane]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nhlungunu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nkahlu-tjhobo]]||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Nkuhlu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nkaka_wa_vacopi|Nkaka wa vacopi]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nkaka_wa_tjhobo|Nkaka wa tjhobo]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nkaka|Nkaka/Nkakana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Nkanyi]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Nkiish]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nkompfana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nkondlwahari]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nkonolo]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Nkukula-shibuya]] || 
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Nkushe]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nkuwa]]||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nkwakwa]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nsala]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Ntamunga]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Ntiti]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Ntjenge]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Ntjinsi]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Ntjulu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Ntshontshongori]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Ntshontshongori]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nulu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nwamahlanga]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Nyamari]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''OPQRSTUVW'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Papala]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Phakama]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Pfilu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Rongolo ra nhlohe]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Rulane]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Swavutemu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; |{{·}} [[Swekamafurha]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot;| {{·}} [[Thlavathlavane]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Tibu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Tsuna]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | {{·}}  [[Vuputwane]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Vuxale]]||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} Add text ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||

|- 
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; | '''XYZ'''
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Xekane]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xene]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xifodyana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xihlangwana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Xihlowa]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Xihumbula]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xiilnwana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xikokombela]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xilawana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Ximbyati]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Xincesinyana_xa_ntshava|Xincesinyana xa ntshava]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xincinosana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xindzivana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xinghalafumane]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Xinhdzivane]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Xintitana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xinyandjana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xirakarana]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xirhole]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Xirimbyati]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Xirimbyati_xa_mutfu|Xirimbyati xa mutfu]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xirimbyati_xa_mutju|Xirimbyati xa mutju]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xirimbyati_xa_tjhune|Xirimbyati xa tjhune]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xirimbyati_xa_tjhune|Xirimbyati xa tjhune]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  [[Xiringeti]] ||
|-
|width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;inherit&quot; |{{·}} [[Xiringeti_xa_tjhune|Xiringeti xa tjhune]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xitshirinyilita]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xitsinyambita]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}} [[Xixengane]] ||width=&quot;300&quot; background-color=&quot;transparent&quot; | {{·}}  Add text ||
|}
{{Robelbox/close}}
{{Robelbox|theme=2|title=Matsalwa malavaka ku engeteriwa|icon=Admin_mop.PNG|iconwidth=46px|height=30%}}
&lt;div style=&quot;{{Robelbox/pad}}&quot;&gt;
minkongomiso yo tshuka yikomba matsalwa lawa mahalavaka ku engeteriwa. Loko uni vuxoko-xoko byo karhi, unga tumbuluxa tsalwa leri yelanaka ivi u sungula ku tsala. Kumbe unga langutisa tsalwa leri yelanaka eka [[:en:wikipedia:Portal:Plants|Nyangwa-nkulu wa ta swimilana eka wikipediya ya xinghezi]]. 
&lt;/div&gt;
{{Robelbox/close}}
[[Category:Swimilana]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>3kdoqhmh117vrrtbszweyq3aouf2at3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-2</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4128</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36949</id>
      <parentid>36946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-22T08:58:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36949</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="251" sha1="ef95vmu9gn2g430a3rxptppjunh72yb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;gallery widths=110px&gt;
File:Collard-Greens-Bundle.jpg|[[Makhofu]]
File:Pumpkin_flower.jpg|[[Matsavu]]
File:Doperwt_rijserwt_peulen_Pisum_sativum.jpg|[[Timbaweni]]
File:ARS_red_onion.jpg|[[Tinyala]]
File:Cassava1_(3945716612).jpg|[[Mathapi]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ef95vmu9gn2g430a3rxptppjunh72yb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-3</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4129</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37097</id>
      <parentid>37096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-02-10T09:54:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37097</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="243" sha1="t0u2ewf228gw53fi0ksslcr0oanm5ad" xml:space="preserve">&lt;gallery widths=110px&gt;
File:Oranges_-_whole-halved-segment.jpg|[[Lamula]]
File:Marula01.jpg|[[Nkanyi|Makanyi]]
File:Hapus_Mango.jpg|[[Manghozi]]
File:Ficus_carica0.jpg|[[Nkuwa|Makuwa]]
File:Strychnos_spinosa_fruit.jpg|[[Nsala|Sala]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
      <sha1>t0u2ewf228gw53fi0ksslcr0oanm5ad</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xivambu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30646</id>
      <parentid>30645</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-10-27T17:44:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>30646</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1461" sha1="l3yelyythnzd3okv8m4d3zpljsm7o8c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       =  Xivambu
| title                      =  Ndhonga
| image                      =  [[Image:Coats of arms of None.svg||125px]]
| caption                    = 
| reign                      = 
| Afrika Dzonga              =  &lt;small&gt;[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]{{·}}[[Nelspruit]]{{·}}[[Bushbuckridge]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki                 =  &lt;small&gt;[[Magudu]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                    =  &lt;small&gt;[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe                   =  
| Ntlawa                     = Va N'walungu
}}

'''Muti waka Xivambu''' i muti lowu vulavulaka [[Xitsonga]]. Matsalele ma n'wana ya xivongo i Xibambu kumbe Shibambo.

==Matimu ya Muti== 

== Xithopo xa muti ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;
''Ndhonga...''&lt;BR&gt;
''Xivambu...''&lt;BR&gt;
''Ndhonga wa mamba,''&lt;BR&gt;
''wa ntsunga na kuxa''&lt;BR&gt;
''A mbingwanini...''&lt;BR&gt;
''A ka xihunguhungu xo ba madonga lamakulu''&lt;BR&gt;
''N'wanyanchomu, otlakula a mbeya''&lt;BR&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Lexi hi xona xi thopo lexi tivekaka xa muti lowu. Kuni ku hambana-nyana eka swi mutana swa ka Xivambu loko swiri karhi swi thopa xivongo lexi.

== Rhavi e ka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==
Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Xivambu, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va N'walungu''' e ka rixaka ra [[Vatsonga]].&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>l3yelyythnzd3okv8m4d3zpljsm7o8c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:\</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4131</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26818</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T13:45:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&amp;nbsp;/&amp;#32;&lt;noinclude&gt; &lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt; &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26818</origin>
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      <text bytes="106" sha1="6xbfie6vzb1p5la65l0915xn0l3ac1r" xml:space="preserve">&amp;nbsp;/&amp;#32;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6xbfie6vzb1p5la65l0915xn0l3ac1r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Portal-inline</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4132</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26819</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T13:46:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:{{#invoke:portal|image|{{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|Science&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{size|}}}|tiny|16x16px|32x28px}}|alt=Portal icon]] Portal:{{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|Science&lt;/noinclude...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26819</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="342" sha1="cvxm1ray7hk8seyeqyrxojm89k6z6qk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:{{#invoke:portal|image|{{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|Science&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{size|}}}|tiny|16x16px|32x28px}}|alt=Portal icon]] [[Portal:{{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|Science&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|{{{text|{{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|Science&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}&amp;#32;portal}}}]]&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cvxm1ray7hk8seyeqyrxojm89k6z6qk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Portal</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4133</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26820</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T13:49:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[==[ This module is a Lua implementation of the old {{Portal}} template. As of August 2013 it is used on nearly 5,000,000 articles. -- Please take care when updating it! It...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26820</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="9823" sha1="surdpujycdvikrn789sy5g6rzzhxm2t" xml:space="preserve">--[==[ This module is a Lua implementation of the old {{Portal}} template. As of August 2013 it is used on nearly 5,000,000 articles.
-- Please take care when updating it! It outputs two functions: p.portal, which generates a table of portals, and p.image, which
-- produces the image name for an individual portal.

-- The portal image data is kept in submodules of [[Module:Portal/images]], listed below:
-- [[Module:Portal/images/a]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;A&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/b]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;B&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/c]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;C&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/d]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;D&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/e]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;E&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/f]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;F&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/g]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;G&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/h]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;H&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/i]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;I&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/j]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;J&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/k]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;K&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/l]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;L&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/m]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;M&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/n]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;N&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/o]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;O&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/p]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;P&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/q]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;Q&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/r]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;R&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/s]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;S&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/t]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;T&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/u]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;U&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/v]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;V&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/w]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;W&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/x]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;X&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/y]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;Y&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/z]]		- for portal names beginning with &quot;Z&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/other]]	- for portal names beginning with any other letters. This includes numbers,
-- 									  letters with diacritics, and letters in non-Latin alphabets.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/aliases]]	- for adding aliases for existing portal names. Use this page for variations
-- 									  in spelling and diacritics, etc., no matter what letter the portal begins with.
--
-- The images data pages are separated by the first letter to reduce server load when images are added, changed, or removed.
-- Previously all the images were on one data page at [[Module:Portal/images]], but this had the disadvantage that all
-- 5,000,000 pages using this module needed to be refreshed every time an image was added or removed.
]==]

local p = {}

local function matchImagePage(s)
	-- Finds the appropriate image subpage given a lower-case
	-- portal name plus the first letter of that portal name.
	if type(s) ~= 'string' or #s &lt; 1 then return end
	local firstLetter = mw.ustring.sub(s, 1, 1)
	local imagePage
	if mw.ustring.find(firstLetter, '^[a-z]') then
		imagePage = 'Module:Portal/images/' .. firstLetter
	else
		imagePage = 'Module:Portal/images/other'
	end
	return mw.loadData(imagePage)[s]
end

local function getAlias(s)
	-- Gets an alias from the image alias data page.
	local aliasData = mw.loadData('Module:Portal/images/aliases')
	for portal, aliases in pairs(aliasData) do
		for _, alias in ipairs(aliases) do
			if alias == s then
				return portal
			end
		end
	end
end

local function getImageName(s)
	-- Gets the image name for a given string.
	if type(s) ~= 'string' or #s &lt; 1 then
		return 'Portal-puzzle.svg'
	end
	s = mw.ustring.lower(s)
	return matchImagePage(s) or matchImagePage(getAlias(s)) or 'Portal-puzzle.svg'
end

function p._portal(portals, args)
	-- This function builds the portal box used by the {{portal}} template.
	local root = mw.html.create('div')
		:addClass('noprint portal')
		:addClass(args.left and 'tleft' or 'tright')
		:css('border', 'solid #aaa 1px')
		:css('margin', args.margin or (args.left == 'yes' and '0.5em 1em 0.5em 0') or '0.5em 0 0.5em 1em')
		:newline()

	-- Start the table. This corresponds to the start of the wikitext table in the old [[Template:Portal]].
	local tableroot = root:tag('table')
		:css('background', '#f9f9f9')
		:css('font-size', '85%')
		:css('line-height', '110%')
		:css('max-width', '175px')
		:css('width', type(args.boxsize) == 'string' and (args.boxsize .. 'px') or nil)

	-- If no portals have been specified, display an error and add the page to a tracking category.
	if not portals[1] then
		tableroot:wikitext('&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;No portals specified: please specify at least one portal&lt;/strong&gt;[[Category:Portal templates without a parameter]]')
	end

	-- Display the portals specified in the positional arguments.
	for _, portal in ipairs(portals) do
		local image = getImageName(portal)

		-- Generate the html for the image and the portal name.
		tableroot
			:newline()
			:tag('tr')
				:css('vertical-align', 'middle')
				:tag('td')
					:css('text-align', 'center')
					:wikitext(string.format('[[File:%s|32x28px|alt=Portal icon|class=noviewer]]', image))
					:done()
				:tag('td')
					:css('padding', '0 0.2em')
					:css('vertical-align', 'middle')
					:css('font-style', 'italic')
					:css('font-weight', 'bold')
					:wikitext(string.format('[[Portal:%s|%s%sportal]]', portal, portal, args['break'] and '&lt;br /&gt;' or ' '))
	end
	return tostring(root)
end

function p._image(portals)

	-- Wrapper function to allow getImageName() to be accessed through #invoke.
	return getImageName(portals[1])
end

local function getAllImageTables()
	-- Returns an array containing all image subpages (minus aliases) as loaded by mw.loadData.
	local images = {}
	for i, subpage in ipairs{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'other'} do
		images[i] = mw.loadData('Module:Portal/images/' .. subpage)
	end
	return images
end

function p._displayAll(portals, args)
	-- This function displays all portals that have portal images. This function is for maintenance purposes and should not be used in
	-- articles, for two reasons: 1) there are over 1500 portals with portal images, and 2) the module doesn't record how the portal
	-- names are capitalized, so the portal links may be broken.
	local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	local count = 1
	for _, imageTable in ipairs(getAllImageTables()) do
		for portal in pairs(imageTable) do
			portals[count] = lang:ucfirst(portal)
			count = count + 1
		end
	end
	return p._portal(portals, args)
end

function p._imageDupes()
	-- This function searches the image subpages to find duplicate images. If duplicate images exist, it is not necessarily a bad thing,
	-- as different portals might just happen to choose the same image. However, this function is helpful in identifying images that
	-- should be moved to a portal alias for ease of maintenance.
	local exists, dupes = {}, {}
	for _, imageTable in ipairs(getAllImageTables()) do
		for portal, image in pairs(imageTable) do
			if not exists[image] then
				exists[image] = portal
			else
				table.insert(dupes, string.format('The image &quot;[[:File:%s|%s]]&quot; is used for both portals &quot;%s&quot; and &quot;%s&quot;.', image, image, exists[image], portal))
			end
		end
	end
	if #dupes &lt; 1 then
		return 'No duplicate images found.'
	else
		return 'The following duplicate images were found:\n* ' .. table.concat(dupes, '\n* ')
	end
end

local function processPortalArgs(args)
	-- This function processes a table of arguments and returns two tables: an array of portal names for processing by ipairs, and a table of
	-- the named arguments that specify style options, etc. We need to use ipairs because we want to list all the portals in the order
	-- they were passed to the template, but we also want to be able to deal with positional arguments passed explicitly, for example
	-- {{portal|2=Politics}}. The behaviour of ipairs is undefined if nil values are present, so we need to make sure they are all removed.
	args = type(args) == 'table' and args or {}
	local portals = {}
	local namedArgs = {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		if type(k) == 'number' and type(v) == 'string' then -- Make sure we have no non-string portal names.
			table.insert(portals, k)
		elseif type(k) ~= 'number' then
			namedArgs[k] = v
		end
	end
	table.sort(portals)
	for i, v in ipairs(portals) do
		portals[i] = args[v]
	end
	return portals, namedArgs
end

local function makeWrapper(funcName)
	-- Processes external arguments and sends them to the other functions.
	return function (frame)
		-- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking
		-- template, or the args passed to #invoke if any exist. Otherwise
		-- assume args are being passed directly in from the debug console
		-- or from another Lua module.
		local origArgs
		if type(frame.getParent) == 'function' then
			origArgs = frame:getParent().args
			for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do
				origArgs = frame.args
				break
			end
		else
			origArgs = frame
		end
		-- Trim whitespace and remove blank arguments.
		local args = {}
		for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do
			if type(v) == 'string' then
				v = mw.text.trim(v)
			end
			if v ~= '' then
				args[k] = v
			end
		end
		return p[funcName](processPortalArgs(args)) -- passes two tables to func: an array of portal names, and a table of named arguments.
	end
end

for _, funcName in ipairs{'portal', 'image', 'imageDupes', 'displayAll'} do
	p[funcName] = makeWrapper('_' .. funcName)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>surdpujycdvikrn789sy5g6rzzhxm2t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Portal/images/s</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26821</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T13:52:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[==[ This is the &quot;S&quot; list of portal image names. It contains a list of portal images for use with [[Module:Portal]] -- for portal names that start with the letter &quot;S&quot;. For a...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26821</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="8876" sha1="1i2dhshv5oz2iapba41t2fuepoh9m4h" xml:space="preserve">--[==[ This is the &quot;S&quot; list of portal image names. It contains a list of portal images for use with [[Module:Portal]]
-- for portal names that start with the letter &quot;S&quot;. For aliases to existing portal names, and for portal names that
-- start with other letters, please use the appropriate page from the following list:
 
-- [[Module:Portal/images/a]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;A&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/b]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;B&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/c]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;C&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/d]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;D&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/e]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;E&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/f]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;F&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/g]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;G&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/h]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;H&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/i]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;I&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/j]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;J&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/k]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;K&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/l]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;L&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/m]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;M&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/n]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;N&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/o]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;O&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/p]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;P&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/q]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;Q&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/r]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;R&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/t]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;T&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/u]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;U&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/v]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;V&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/w]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;W&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/x]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;X&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/y]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;Y&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/z]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;Z&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/other]]   - for portal names beginning with any other letters. This includes numbers,
--                                    letters with diacritics, and letters in non-Latin alphabets.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/aliases]] - for adding aliases for existing portal names. Use this page for variations
--                                    in spelling and diacritics, etc., no matter what letter the portal begins with.
 
-- When adding entries, please use alphabetical order. The format of the images table entries is as follows:
--          [&quot;portal name&quot;] = &quot;image.svg&quot;,
-- The portal name should be the name of your portal, in lower case. For example, the portal name for 
-- &quot;Portal:United Kingdom&quot; would be &quot;united kingdom&quot;. The image name should be capitalised normally, and the &quot;File:&quot;
-- namespace prefix should be omitted.
]==]
 
return {
	[&quot;saarc&quot;] = &quot;SAARC.png&quot;,
	[&quot;sabah&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Sabah.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;saguenay–lac-saint-jean&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;sailing&quot;] = &quot;Sailing pictogram.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;saints&quot;] = &quot;Gloriole blur.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;san diego&quot;] = &quot;Flag of San Diego, California.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;san diego county&quot;] = &quot;WPSAN San Diego County Map Version 1.png&quot;,
	[&quot;san diego–tijuana&quot;] = &quot;San Diego-Tijuana JPLLandsat.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;san francisco bay area&quot;] = &quot;SF From Marin Highlands3.jpg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;santana&quot;] = &quot;Img 1 big.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;sarawak&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Sarawak.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;saskatchewan&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Saskatchewan.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;saskatchewan communities and neighbourhoods&quot;] = &quot;Flag-map of Saskatchewan.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;saudi arabia&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;saxony&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Saxony.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;saxony-anhalt&quot;] = &quot;Wappen Sachsen-Anhalt.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;schleswig-holstein&quot;] = &quot;Landeswappen Schleswig-Holstein.png&quot;,
	[&quot;schools&quot;] = &quot;School.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;science&quot;] = &quot;Nuvola apps kalzium.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;science fiction&quot;] = &quot;Sf-userbox.png&quot;,
	[&quot;scientology&quot;] = &quot;Scientology e meter blue.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;scotland&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Scotland.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;scouting&quot;] = &quot;WikiProject Scouting fleur-de-lis dark.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;seamounts&quot;] = &quot;Seamount.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;seattle&quot;] = &quot;SpaceNeedleTopClose.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;sega&quot;] = &quot;SEGA logo.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;senegal&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Senegal.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;september 11 attacks&quot;] = &quot;Y24-Wtc-september-5.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;serbia&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Serbia.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;set theory&quot;] = &quot;Venn0001.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;seventh-day adventist church&quot;] = &quot;James and Ellen White.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;sexuality&quot;] = &quot;Sexual orientation - 4 symbols.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;shakespeare&quot;] = &quot;Shakespeare (oval-cropped).png&quot;,
	[&quot;shakira&quot;] = &quot;S by shakira logo.png&quot;,
	[&quot;shanghai&quot;] = &quot;Shanghainame.png&quot;,
	[&quot;shania twain&quot;] = &quot;Shania Twain Portrait.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;sharjah&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Sharjah.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;sharks&quot;] = &quot;Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;shinto&quot;] = &quot;Shinto torii icon vermillion.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;sierra leone&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;sikhism&quot;] = &quot;Khanda emblem.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;silesia&quot;] = &quot;Silesia Inferior COA.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;sindh&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Sindh.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;singapore&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Singapore.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;slipknot&quot;] = &quot;SlipknotProject.png&quot;,
	[&quot;slovakia&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Slovakia.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;slovenia&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Slovenia.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;snk&quot;] = &quot;SNK PLAMORE LOGO.png&quot;,
	[&quot;soap operas and telenovelas&quot;] = &quot;Drama-icon.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;soccer in the united states&quot;] = &quot;Soccerball USA.png&quot;,
	[&quot;social and political philosophy&quot;] = &quot;P derecho.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;socialism&quot;] = &quot;Red flag II.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;social movements&quot;] = &quot;Peace sign.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;social sciences&quot;] = &quot;DrustveneNauke.png&quot;,
	[&quot;social welfare and social work&quot;] = &quot;Vista Login Manager Cropped.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;society&quot;] = &quot;Social sciences.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;sociology&quot;] = &quot;Logo sociology.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;software&quot;] = &quot;Crystal Clear device cdrom unmount.png&quot;,
	[&quot;software testing&quot;] = &quot;Green bug and broom.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;solar system&quot;] = &quot;Solar system.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;somalia&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Somalia.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;somaliland&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Somaliland.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;somerset&quot;] = &quot;Somerset shield.png&quot;,
	[&quot;sonic&quot;] = &quot;Chaos emeralds.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;sony&quot;] = &quot;Sony logo.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;sony playstation&quot;] = &quot;PS3-slim-console.png&quot;,
	[&quot;south africa&quot;] = &quot;Flag of South Africa.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;south america&quot;] = &quot;South America.png&quot;,
	[&quot;south asia&quot;] = &quot;India 78.40398E 20.74980N.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;south australia&quot;] = &quot;Flag of South Australia.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;south carolina&quot;] = &quot;Flag of South Carolina.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;south dakota&quot;] = &quot;Flag of South Dakota.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;southeast asia&quot;] = &quot;Location Southeast Asia.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;south east england&quot;] = &quot;EnglandSouthEast.png&quot;,
	[&quot;southern california&quot;] = &quot;HollywoodSign.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;south korea&quot;] = &quot;Flag of South Korea.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;south park&quot;] = &quot;SP in.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;south sudan&quot;] = &quot;Flag of South Sudan.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;southwest asia&quot;] = &quot;Southwest-Asia-map.PNG&quot;,
	[&quot;soviet union&quot;] = &quot;Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;space&quot;] = &quot;Earth-moon.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;spaceflight&quot;] = &quot;RocketSunIcon.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;spain&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Spain.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;spanish american wars of independence&quot;] = &quot;Red versus blue swords.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;special operations&quot;] = &quot;APP-6 Special Operations Forces.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;speculative fiction&quot;] = &quot;Iris centralheterochromy.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;spirituality&quot;] = &quot;EndlessKnot03d.png&quot;,
	[&quot;spongebob squarepants&quot;] = &quot;WikiProject_SpongeBob_logo_-_Logo.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;sport in canada&quot;] = &quot;313px-CanadaSoccer.png&quot;,
	[&quot;sports&quot;] = &quot;Sports icon.png&quot;,
	[&quot;sports and games&quot;] = &quot;Sports and games.png&quot;,
	[&quot;sri lanka&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;st. john's, newfoundland and labrador&quot;] = &quot;City of St. John's.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;stamford&quot;] = &quot;Stamford town crest.png&quot;,
	[&quot;star&quot;] = &quot;He1523a.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;star trek&quot;] = &quot;Delta-shield.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;star wars&quot;] = &quot;Lightsaber blue.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;state of georgia&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;statistics&quot;] = &quot;Fisher iris versicolor sepalwidth.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;steampunk&quot;] = &quot;Steampunk-falksen.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;strategy games&quot;] = &quot;Chess.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;submarine&quot;] = &quot;Submarine.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;sudan&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Sudan.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;sufism&quot;] = &quot;Soefi symbool.gif&quot;,
	[&quot;superhero fiction&quot;] = &quot;Question bubble thing.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;supreme court of the united states&quot;] = &quot;Supreme Court.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;suriname&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Suriname.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;surrey&quot;] = &quot;EnglandSurrey.png&quot;,
	[&quot;sussex&quot;] = &quot;SussexBrit5.PNG&quot;,
	[&quot;sustainable development&quot;] = &quot;Sustainable development.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;sweden&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Sweden.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;swimming&quot;] = &quot;Swimming pictogram.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;switzerland&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Switzerland.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;syracuse, new york&quot;] = &quot;SyracuseSkyline01.JPG&quot;,
	[&quot;syria&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Syria.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;syriac&quot;] = &quot;Syriac Sertâ book script.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;syriac christianity&quot;] = &quot;Bible and Pulpit, Mor Hananyo.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;syrian civil war&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Syria (2011 combined).svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;systems science&quot;] = &quot;Complex-adaptive-system.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;são tomé and príncipe&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg|border&quot;
}</text>
      <sha1>1i2dhshv5oz2iapba41t2fuepoh9m4h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Icon</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26822</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T13:57:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;File:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{class|{{{1|}}}}}}}}  |fa             = Featured article star.svg               {{!}} Featured article  |far            = Cscr-star piece.png...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26822</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7371" sha1="lcuzhf2cwb49sms392wyhq5zb4r5jqs" xml:space="preserve">[[File:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{class|{{{1|}}}}}}}}
 |fa             = Featured article star.svg               {{!}} Featured article
 |far            = Cscr-star piece.png                     {{!}} Featured article review
 |farc           = Cscr-star piece.png                     {{!}} Featured article removal candidate
 |ffa|dfa        = Featured article star - cross.svg       {{!}} Former featured article
 |fac|fan        = Cscr-candidate.svg                      {{!}} Featured article candidate
 |ffac|nofa      = Featured article star - cross.svg       {{!}} Failed featured article candidate
 |fl             = Featured article star.svg               {{!}} Featured list
 |flrc|flr       = Cscr-star piece.png                     {{!}} Featured list removal candidate
 |ffl|dfl        = Cscr-featured-strike.svg                {{!}} Former featured list
 |flc|fln        = Cscr-candidate.svg                      {{!}} Featured list candidate
 |fflc|nofl      = Cscr-former.svg                         {{!}} Failed featured list candidate
 |a              = Symbol a class.svg                      {{!}} A-Class article
 |dac|daa        = Symbol unsupport A vote.svg             {{!}} Demoted A-Class article
 |acc|acn|aac    = A candidate.svg                         {{!}} A-Class article candidate
 |noac|faac      = Symbol unsupport A vote.svg             {{!}} Failed A-Class article candidate
 |ga             = Symbol support vote.svg                 {{!}} Good article
 |gar            = GA Candidate Neutral vote(ChaosNil).svg {{!}} Good article reassessment
 |dga            = Symbol unsupport vote.svg               {{!}} Delisted good article
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 |ga2            = Symbol neutral vote.svg                 {{!}} Good article, 2nd opinion
 |gah            = Symbol wait.svg                         {{!}} Good article on hold
 |fgan|noga|gaf|gf = Symbol oppose vote.svg                {{!}} Failed good article nominee
 |fp             = Cscr-featured.svg                       {{!}} Featured picture
 |ffp            = Cscr-former.svg                         {{!}} Former featured picture
 |vp             = ENWP VP Logo.svg                        {{!}} Valued picture
 |vpc            = Valued pics 1.svg                       {{!}} Valued picture candidate
 |fs             = Cscr-featured.svg                       {{!}} Featured sound
 |ffs            = Cscr-former.svg                         {{!}} Former featured sound
 |fsc            = Cscr-candidate.svg                      {{!}} Featured sound candidate
 |fpo            = Cscr-featured.svg                       {{!}} Featured portal
 |fpor           = Cscr-star piece.png                     {{!}} Featured portal review
 |ffpo           = Featured article star - cross.svg       {{!}} Former featured portal
 |fpoc           = Cscr-candidate.svg                      {{!}} Featured portal candidate
 |ft             = Cscr-featuredtopic.svg                  {{!}} Featured topic
 |ftrc           = Cscr-star piece.png                     {{!}} Featured topic removal candidate
 |fft|dft        = DFT candidate_cluster.svg               {{!}} Former featured topic
 |ftc|ftn        = FT candidate cluster.svg                {{!}} Featured topic candidate
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 |book           = Symbol book class2.svg                  {{!}} Wikipedia book
 |cat|categ
 |category       = Folder Hexagonal Icon.svg               {{!}} Category
 |dab|disamb
 |disambig
 |disambiguation = Symbol dab class.svg                    {{!}} Disambiguation page
 |image|file     = Video-x-generic.svg                     {{!}} File
 |portal         = Portal-puzzle.svg                       {{!}} Portal
 |project        = Symbol information vote.svg             {{!}} Project page
 |red|redir
 |redirect       = Symbol redirect vote2.svg               {{!}} Redirect
 |temp|templ
 |template       = Symbol template class.svg               {{!}} Template
 |essay          = Essay.svg                               {{!}} Essay
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 |pr             = Nuvola apps kedit.png                   {{!}} Peer review
 |ppr            = Nuvola apps kedit.png                   {{!}} Portal peer review
 |q|question     = Symbol question.svg                     {{!}} Question
 |qi             = Quality images logo.svg                 {{!}} Quality image on Wikimedia Commons
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 |tfa            = Wikipedia-logo.svg                      {{!}} Today's Featured Article
 |itn            = Globe current.svg                       {{!}} In The News
 |otd            = Nuvola apps date.svg                    {{!}} On This Day
 |wikiproject    = People icon.svg                         {{!}} WikiProject
 |wikipedia      = Wikipedia-logo.svg                      {{!}} Wikipedia page
 |commons        = Commons-logo.svg                        {{!}} Commons page
 |wikiquote      = Wikiquote-logo.svg                      {{!}} Wikiquote page
 |wikiversity    = Wikiversity-logo.svg                    {{!}} Wikiversity page
 |wikibooks      = Wikibooks-logo.svg                      {{!}} Wikibooks page
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 |wiktionary     = Wiktionary-logo.svg                     {{!}} Wiktionary page
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 |wikivoyage     = Wikivoyage-logo.svg                     {{!}} Wikivoyage page
 |meta           = Wikimedia Community Logo.svg            {{!}} Meta-wiki page
 |four           = Four Award.svg                          {{!}} Four Award
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 |#default       = Symbol question.svg
}}|{{{size|16x16px}}}|link=]]&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Portal/images/f</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4136</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26823</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T14:00:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[==[ This is the &quot;F&quot; list of portal image names. It contains a list of portal images for use with [[Module:Portal]] -- for portal names that start with the letter &quot;F&quot;. For a...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26823</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5122" sha1="7g5sx0ptdzgjtdvwdvqyei8ty2z10z4" xml:space="preserve">--[==[ This is the &quot;F&quot; list of portal image names. It contains a list of portal images for use with [[Module:Portal]]
-- for portal names that start with the letter &quot;F&quot;. For aliases to existing portal names, and for portal names that
-- start with other letters, please use the appropriate page from the following list:
 
-- [[Module:Portal/images/a]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;A&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/b]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;B&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/c]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;C&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/d]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;D&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/e]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;E&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/g]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;G&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/h]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;H&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/i]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;I&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/j]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;J&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/k]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;K&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/l]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;L&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/m]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;M&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/n]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;N&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/o]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;O&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/p]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;P&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/q]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;Q&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/r]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;R&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/s]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;S&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/t]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;T&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/u]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;U&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/v]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;V&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/w]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;W&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/x]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;X&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/y]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;Y&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/z]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;Z&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/other]]   - for portal names beginning with any other letters. This includes numbers,
--                                    letters with diacritics, and letters in non-Latin alphabets.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/aliases]] - for adding aliases for existing portal names. Use this page for variations
--                                    in spelling and diacritics, etc., no matter what letter the portal begins with.
 
-- When adding entries, please use alphabetical order. The format of the images table entries is as follows:
--          [&quot;portal name&quot;] = &quot;image.svg&quot;,
-- The portal name should be the name of your portal, in lower case. For example, the portal name for 
-- &quot;Portal:United Kingdom&quot; would be &quot;united kingdom&quot;. The image name should be capitalised normally, and the &quot;File:&quot;
-- namespace prefix should be omitted.
]==]
 
return {
	[&quot;faisalabad&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Punjab.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;falun gong&quot;] = &quot;Falun Gong Logo.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;family guy&quot;] = &quot;Family Guy television set.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;faroe islands&quot;] = &quot;Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;fascism&quot;] = &quot;Fasces lictoriae.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;fashion&quot;] = &quot;BathingSuit1920s.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;feminism&quot;] = &quot;Woman-power emblem.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;fencing&quot;] = &quot;Fencing pictogram.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;fictional characters&quot;] = &quot;Friendly stickman.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;figure skating&quot;] = &quot;Figure-skates-1.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;film&quot;] = &quot;Video-x-generic.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;film/canadian cinema task force&quot;] = &quot;Canadafilm.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;film in the united states&quot;] = &quot;United States film.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;final fantasy&quot;] = &quot;Final Fantasy wordmark.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;finger lakes&quot;] = &quot;Fingerlakesmap2.PNG&quot;,
	[&quot;finland&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Finland.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;fire&quot;] = &quot;Large bonfire.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;fish&quot;] = &quot;Antennarius striatus.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = &quot;Fish icon.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;florida&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Florida.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;folklore&quot;] = &quot;Horseshoe and devil.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;food&quot;] = &quot;Foodlogo2.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;football in africa&quot;] = &quot;Africa Football 3.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;football in argentina&quot;] = &quot;ArgentinaFootball.png&quot;,
	[&quot;football in germany&quot;] = &quot;Football Germany.png&quot;,
	[&quot;forestry&quot;] = &quot;Pine forest in Sweden.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;formula one&quot;] = &quot;Motorsport current event.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;france&quot;] = &quot;Flag of France.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;franco-americans&quot;] = &quot;Drapeau Franco-Américain.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;frank zappa&quot;] = &quot;Zappa.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;freedom of speech&quot;] = &quot;Free-speech-flag.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;freemasonry&quot;] = &quot;Square compasses.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;free software&quot;] = &quot;Free Software Portal Logo.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;french and francophone literature&quot;] = &quot;Open book nae French flag.png&quot;,
	[&quot;french guiana&quot;] = &quot;Flag of French Guiana.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;french language and french-speaking world&quot;] = &quot;New-Map-Francophone World.PNG&quot;,
	[&quot;french military history&quot;] = &quot;Flag of France.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;french politics&quot;] = &quot;Hémicycle 2 Palais Bourbon scropped and smaller.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;french polynesia&quot;] = &quot;Flag of French Polynesia.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;friends&quot;] = &quot;Friends logo.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;fungi&quot;] = &quot;Karl Johanssvamp, Iduns kokbok.png&quot;,
	[&quot;furry&quot;] = &quot;Furry blue paw logo.png&quot;,
	[&quot;futurama&quot;] = &quot;Earth Flag.svg&quot;
}</text>
      <sha1>7g5sx0ptdzgjtdvwdvqyei8ty2z10z4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Portal/images/d</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26824</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T14:01:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[==[ This is the &quot;D&quot; list of portal image names. It contains a list of portal images for use with [[Module:Portal]] -- for portal names that start with the letter &quot;D&quot;. For a...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26824</origin>
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      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="4551" sha1="5t0nup0fqzlkcuabsbm1pt98tghlyvu" xml:space="preserve">--[==[ This is the &quot;D&quot; list of portal image names. It contains a list of portal images for use with [[Module:Portal]]
-- for portal names that start with the letter &quot;D&quot;. For aliases to existing portal names, and for portal names that
-- start with other letters, please use the appropriate page from the following list:
 
-- [[Module:Portal/images/a]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;A&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/b]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;B&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/c]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;C&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/e]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;E&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/f]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;F&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/g]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;G&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/h]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;H&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/i]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;I&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/j]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;J&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/k]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;K&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/l]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;L&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/m]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;M&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/n]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;N&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/o]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;O&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/p]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;P&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/q]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;Q&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/r]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;R&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/s]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;S&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/t]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;T&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/u]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;U&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/v]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;V&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/w]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;W&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/x]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;X&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/y]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;Y&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/z]]       - for portal names beginning with &quot;Z&quot;.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/other]]   - for portal names beginning with any other letters. This includes numbers,
--                                    letters with diacritics, and letters in non-Latin alphabets.
-- [[Module:Portal/images/aliases]] - for adding aliases for existing portal names. Use this page for variations
--                                    in spelling and diacritics, etc., no matter what letter the portal begins with.
 
-- When adding entries, please use alphabetical order. The format of the images table entries is as follows:
--          [&quot;portal name&quot;] = &quot;image.svg&quot;,
-- The portal name should be the name of your portal, in lower case. For example, the portal name for 
-- &quot;Portal:United Kingdom&quot; would be &quot;united kingdom&quot;. The image name should be capitalised normally, and the &quot;File:&quot;
-- namespace prefix should be omitted.
]==]

return {
	[&quot;dacia&quot;] = &quot;Dacie Burebista -60-44.png&quot;,
	[&quot;dallas – fort worth metroplex&quot;] = &quot;Downtown Dallas from the Trinity River.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;daman and diu&quot;] = &quot;India Daman and Diu locator map.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;dance&quot;] = &quot;Ballerina-icon.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;death&quot;] = &quot;Skull 2.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;degrassi&quot;] = &quot;Degrassi logo 2013.png&quot;,
	[&quot;delaware&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Delaware.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;delhi&quot;] = &quot;India Gate 600x400.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;dhaka&quot;] = &quot;Ahsan Manzil-Front View.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;democratic republic of the congo&quot;] = &quot;Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;denmark&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Denmark.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;dentistry&quot;] = &quot;Dentistry stub.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;derbyshire&quot;] = &quot;Derbyshire flag.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;design&quot;] = &quot;Design portal logo.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;devon&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Devon.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;dinosaurs&quot;] = &quot;Tyrannoskull.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;disability&quot;] = &quot;Handicapped Accessible sign.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;disasters&quot;] = &quot;SanFranHouses06.JPG|border&quot;,
	[&quot;discrete mathematics&quot;] = &quot;Nuvola apps atlantik.png&quot;,
	[&quot;discrimination&quot;] = &quot;Disclogo1.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;discworld&quot;] = &quot;Discworld icon.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;disney&quot;] = &quot;Magic Kingdom castle.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;djibouti&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Djibouti.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;doctor who&quot;] = &quot;TARDIS-trans.png&quot;,
	[&quot;dogs&quot;] = &quot;Aussie-blacktri.jpg&quot;,
	[&quot;dominican republic&quot;] = &quot;Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;dorset&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Dorset.svg|border&quot;,
	[&quot;dragon ball&quot;] = &quot;DBZ UBX2.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;dravidian civilizations&quot;] = &quot;Dravidische Sprachen.png&quot;,
	[&quot;drink&quot;] = &quot;Goblet Glass (Banquet).svg&quot;,
	[&quot;dubai&quot;] = &quot;Flag of Dubai.svg&quot;,
	[&quot;dungeons &amp; dragons&quot;] = &quot;Icosahedron.svg&quot;
}</text>
      <sha1>5t0nup0fqzlkcuabsbm1pt98tghlyvu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Clear</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26826</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T14:13:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;div style=&quot;clear:{{{1|both}}};&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;  &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>26826</origin>
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      <text bytes="64" sha1="blx9c26hzclzcpdgbajwu63x5dup2hk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;clear:{{{1|both}}};&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>blx9c26hzclzcpdgbajwu63x5dup2hk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:For</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4139</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26827</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T14:14:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Hatnote|For {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|other uses}}, see [[:{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} (disambiguation)}}}]]{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|, [[:{{{3}}}]], {{#if:{{{5|}}}|[[:{{{4}}}]], and...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="261" sha1="rux2yiv6epuem1kan29c25gjbtks6zi" xml:space="preserve">{{Hatnote|For {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|other uses}}, see [[:{{{2|{{PAGENAME}} (disambiguation)}}}]]{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|, [[:{{{3}}}]], {{#if:{{{5|}}}|[[:{{{4}}}]], and [[:{{{5}}}]]|and [[:{{{4}}}]]}}|&amp;#32;and [[:{{{3}}}]]}}}}.}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rux2yiv6epuem1kan29c25gjbtks6zi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Hatnote</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4140</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32039</id>
      <parentid>26828</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T14:48:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Warning User:Thuvack for this type of editing!</comment>
      <origin>32039</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="171" sha1="8nnude79i1y2v6yy2z7j285k1k4v8p3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Hatnote|hatnote}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8nnude79i1y2v6yy2z7j285k1k4v8p3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Plants</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4141</id>
    <redirect title="Portal:Swimilana" />
    <revision>
      <id>26853</id>
      <timestamp>2014-12-30T15:32:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Portal:Plants]] to [[Portal:Swimilana]]: Translation</comment>
      <origin>26853</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="prc4vdofgzangyzokybltlpu0m3niaq" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Portal:Swimilana]]</text>
      <sha1>prc4vdofgzangyzokybltlpu0m3niaq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Plants/Nxaxamelo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4143</id>
    <redirect title="Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo" />
    <revision>
      <id>26872</id>
      <timestamp>2015-01-07T17:55:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Portal:Plants/Nxaxamelo]] to [[Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo]]: moved portal</comment>
      <origin>26872</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="mfeo8ra0lo8lt9wvgs4ths4niiyhfkn" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo]]</text>
      <sha1>mfeo8ra0lo8lt9wvgs4ths4niiyhfkn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Plants/Nxaxamelo-2</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4144</id>
    <redirect title="Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-2" />
    <revision>
      <id>26874</id>
      <timestamp>2015-01-07T17:56:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Portal:Plants/Nxaxamelo-2]] to [[Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-2]]: portal moved</comment>
      <origin>26874</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" sha1="ccswazbiyqro7syfkfmkkz1jsgstfts" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-2]]</text>
      <sha1>ccswazbiyqro7syfkfmkkz1jsgstfts</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portal:Plants/Nxaxamelo-3</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4145</id>
    <redirect title="Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-3" />
    <revision>
      <id>26876</id>
      <timestamp>2015-01-07T17:56:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Portal:Plants/Nxaxamelo-3]] to [[Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-3]]: moved portal</comment>
      <origin>26876</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" sha1="6vwbg4dm1k62701bdskugsfh748et91" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Portal:Swimilana/Nxaxamelo-3]]</text>
      <sha1>6vwbg4dm1k62701bdskugsfh748et91</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox Nsinya</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4146</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26901</id>
      <parentid>26899</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-01-07T18:53:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>26901</origin>
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      <text bytes="417" sha1="3u1a5058uoy84w2r0796tzrpyeiztjy" xml:space="preserve">{{ infobox
| bodyclass  = vcard
| abovestyle = color:#000000; background-color: #33FF66
| above      = {{{name|&lt;includeonly&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| aboveclass = fn

| header1    = {{{title|}}}
| data2      = {{{image|}}}
| data3      = {{{caption|}}}

| label4     = Mbanzu
| data4      = {{{Mbanzu|}}}
| label5     = Switirhisiwa 
| data5      = {{{Switirhisiwa|}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3u1a5058uoy84w2r0796tzrpyeiztjy</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nkanyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4147</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38984</id>
      <parentid>36318</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-09-21T03:21:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Astrid Xavi</username>
        <id>10951</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>38984</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15624" sha1="gw137je53xkzctn9oli2cel3m0lh6cr" xml:space="preserve">
{{Featured article}}
{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nkanyi
| title                      = Hosi ya minsinya ya nhova
| image                      = [[Image:Marula02.jpg||250px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = [[Makanyi]]
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mafurha]]{{·}}[[Timongo]]
}}
[[File:Marula01.jpg|thumb|right|Makanyi ya rihlaza]]
[[File:Marula fruits Ongwediva March 2016.jpg|thumb|right|Makanyi la ya wisiweke hi ximbhembhe]]
[[File:Sclerocarya birrea - Seed.jpg|thumb|right|Timongo ta Nkanyi]]
'''''Nkanyi''''', ('''Sclerocarya birrea''', Hi kuya hi xi Griki) i nsinya lowu kumekaka e, khwatini ra Miombo e dzongeni ra Afrika, e vupela-dyambu bya Afrika, na le [[Madagascar]]. Nsinya lowu wu kula wu anamisa marhavi ya wona. Mihandzu ya wona yi tirhisiwa ku endla byala bya xitsonga lebyi vuriwaka [[Vukanyi]] na bya xilungu lebyi vuriwaka [[Amarula]]. Nsinya lowu wu rhandziwa ngopfu hi vanhu lava a va ake e tinzhawini ta le kusuhi ni mati.

Mihandzu ya wona yi vupfa exikarhi ka Nwendzamhala na Nyenyankulu, yi na muvala wa xitshopana naswona wu tele vitamin C (kwalomu ka tlandla ka nhungu ka ntengo wa Vitamin C leyi kumekaka eka Lamula).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Wickens |first=G. E. |author2=Food and Agriculture Organization |title=Edible Nuts |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8929E/v8929e00.htm |accessdate=2008-11-10 |series=Non-Wood Forest Products |volume=5 |year=1995 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |location=Rome |isbn=92-5-103748-5 |oclc=34529770 |chapter=Potential Edible Nuts |chapterurl=http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8929E/v8929e06.htm |archive-date=2008-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029213245/http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8929E/v8929e00.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Endzeni ka makanyi kuna nyunge leyi khomeke mongo. Timongo ti fananyana na timanga naswona ti rhanziwa ngopfu hi makondlo na timbeva.

== Matimu la ma yelanaka ==
Nkanyi wa dorobha ra Magudu (Kumbe Magude eMozambique), inkanyi lowu tiviwaka ngopfu hi Vatsonga. Nkanyi lowu a wuri e rivaleni ra khale ka ntsindza wa vukosi bya Hosi Magudzu Khosa.  

Kuvuriwa leswaku hi nkarhi wa vukolonyi, Maphutukezi ma ringetile ku tsema nkanyi lowu leswaku vadlaya nhlohlotelo wa vuhosi bya Vatsonga. Maphutukezi maringetile kotala ku dlaya nkanyi lowu kambe vatsandzeka, nkanyi a wuhluka wuthlela wu leha kutlurisa laha ava wutsema kona. Van'wana va vula leswaku nkanyi awu tsemiwa namunthla, mundzuku wupfuka wu hlukile. Ekuheteleleni, Maphutukezi ma amukele kuhluriwa hi nkanyi ivi vahumesa nawu waleswaku kusukela kwalano navona vatahlanganela eku xiximeni kankanyi lowu hi ku nwa vukanyi na tihosi ta tiko kan'we enkhubyeni wo luma vukanyi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gutenberg-e.org/geh01/frames/fgeh01.html Binding Memories: Women as Makers and Tellers of History in Magude, Mozambique] - Friends of Magude (February 1995) - Last accessed 16 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuta fikiela na namunthla xirhapa xakona xa ha tiviwa hileswaku hile &quot;Magudu Nkanyini&quot;.

== Matirhisele ya nkanyi ==
Timongo ta makanyi ti tele hi ti phurotheyini na mafurha naswona ti tirhisiwa ngopfu e swakudyeni. Rhavi leri omeke ra nkanyi ri tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya tinsuna (Malariya), no antswisa vuxungu bya swipamu na tinyoka. Matluka ya nkanyi wona matirhisiwa ku chucha a ndzeni na xianghulela. Ntsutsu wamakanyi wuhlanganisiwe na mati swi tirhisiwa ku susa swigalana eka tihomu.

=== Ntirho wa Makanyi: ===
Mihandzu ya nkanyi yi vuriwa makanyi. Loko makanyi ma nga si vupfa i ya rihlaza kasi loko ma vupfile i ya muhlovo wa xitshopana. Makanyi ma na mati endzeni ka wona lama ma tirhisiwaka ku endla vukanyi. Vukanyi byi va kona ku sukela hi n`hweti ya Sunguti ku ya fika Nyenyankulu eka lembe rin'wana na rin'wana. Makanyi ya rholeriwa hi vavasati, va cheletela emasakeni va rhwala va muka na wona ekaya ku ya rhumbula vukanyi hi foroko kumbe mhandzi leyi nga vatliwa tanihi foroko, endzhaku ku cheriwa mati yo ringanela leswaku byi ta tala. Endzhaku ka swona bya kukumuka leswaku byi ta tala. [[Vukanyi]] byi na khuvi ro basa. Makanyi ma tlhela ma va na comela ra wona rantumbuluko. Loko byi nga si nwiwa, ku wunguriwa khuvi leri ro basa kutani se byi nwiwa. Murhi wa nkanyi wu tirhisiwa tanihi murhi wo tshungula nchuluko eka munhu. Makanyi ma na vhithamini C yo tala swinene. Makanyi I mihandzu leyi yi rhandziwaka hi swiharhi swo fana na timfenhe. Endzhaku ka loko makanyi ma rhumburiwile ku sala mbewu ya kona leyi vanhu va yi vitanaka hi vito ra timongo, leti ti tlhelaka ti tirhisiwa ku kandzela muroho loko vavasati va sweka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:i&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntirho wa Mahanti ya nkanyi: ===
Mahanti ya nkanyi ya cakunhiwa ya mitiwa hi xikongomelo xa leswaku ya ta pfuna eka mpfuvelo wa swakudya. Mati lama ma humaka etimitswini loko ya swekiwile ya pfuna ku horisa vuvabyi bya malariya na ku pandza ka nhloko leyi nga yimeki. Mati lama ma tlhela ma pfuna ku pfula mbeleko eka vamanana loko va pfalekile mbeleko kasi hala tlhelo, mati lama ma tlhela ma pfuneta ku hanyisa vuvabyi bya masangu. 

Mahanti ya nkanyi ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya malaria na ku tlhela ma tirha ntirho lowukulu eka loko swa vukati swi nga fambi kahle, waxisati a nga tswali swihlangi. Ku tirhisiwa mahanti ya murhi lowu ku tshungula wansati lowo tani. Mahanti ya murhi wa nkanyi ya omisiwa ya kandziwa hi tshuri. Muhlovo wa wona i wo tshwuka. Loko ku kandziwile ku tlhela ku sefiwa mapa lama ma cheriwa emukapini ku dyiwa, ya tlhela ya tirhisiwa ku hangalasa ku tlhaviwa hi ngati.&lt;ref name=&quot;:i&quot; /&gt;

=== Ntirho wa Matluka ya nkanyi: ===
Mati ya matluka ya nkanyi ma tshungula vuvabyi bya chukela eka munhu loyi a vabyaka byona. Mati lama ya matluka ma swekiwa, ma nga hlanganisiwi na nchumu kutani ya nwiwa kunene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:i&quot; /&gt;

=== Ntirho wa Timitsu ya nkanyi: ===
Timitsu ta nkanyi na tona ta swekiwa kutani mati ya kona ya tirhisiwa ku horisa mukhuhlwana na muthundangazi. Tin`anga ti wu tirhisa ngopfu ku tshungula vuvabyi byo hambanahambana. Murhi lowu wu tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya chukele eka matiko man'wana ya Afrika-Dzonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:i&quot; /&gt;

=== Ntirho wa Marhavi ya nkanyi: ===
Marhavi ya nkanyi ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula swirhumbana leswi humaka ematihlweni. Loko ma swekiwa ku huma ximusi lexi ku orheliwaka nkahelo wa kona. Loko munhu a va orhelile nkahelo lowu, u kumeka a tshungulekile eka vuvabyi bya yena bya matihlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:i&quot; /&gt;

== Mulumulo wa makanyi ==
Nthsovelo wa mihandzu yo sungula ya nguva wufambelana na swiyalana swa wona eka Vatsonga. Hi kuya hi ndhavuko wa Vatsonga, mihandzu yo sungula ya makanyi yi fanele ku lumiwa kuya hi swiyenge swa rixaka leswaku ntshovelo wu ta katekisiwa. Mulumulo wa makanyi kumbe ku luma vukanyi inkuvo low yelanaka na kuwa ka makanyi e xikarhi ka tin'wheti ta N'wendzamhala na Sunguti. Eka nguva leyi yo nwa vukanyi kuhava ntirho lowu endliwaka e tikweni, hinkwaswo swilo swa yimisiwa. Kuni swiyenge swa mune swa nkuvo wo luma vukanyi, hi laha kulandzelaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[Henri-Alexandre Junod]], [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 1, - Page 370 &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ku luma ka swikwembu na Hosi ===
{{quote box|width = 200px|quote=&quot;Hi yo nguva...&lt;br&gt; Hi nga dlayani...&lt;br&gt; A hi n'weneni ha hombe!&quot;|source=Nkolele}}
Makanyi yo sungula kuwa, ma hlengeletiwa ivi ma yisiwa entsindzeni wa hosi ta ni hi magandzelo yo endla vukanyi byo sungula e tikweni. Swikwembu na hosi hi Makanyi lawa mahlengeletiweke e ntsindzeni, boxiwa ivi makamiwa. Ntsutsu wo basa lowu humaka hibyona byala bya vukanyi. Byala lebyi byi ta cheriwa/halateriwa swikwembu egandzelweni ra hosi leyi loveke. Byala lebyi byi cheriwa/halateriwa eka nsinya wa swikwembu, naswona swivitiwa kuta katekisa nguva leyintswa ya nkhuvo wo luma vukanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hi kuya hi xiviko xa [[Henri-Alexandre_Junod|Henri Junod]], Ndhuna Nkolele wa le Libombo a a katekisa nkuvo lowu hi xikhongelo lexi nga e xineneni. Ndlela yinwana yo katekisa vukanyi lebyi he leyinge:
 
  ''&quot;Vukanyi lebyi byi, a byi pfumali vuxungu...''&lt;br&gt;
  '' Byinga hi pyopyi hi dlayana...''&lt;br&gt; 
  '' Byinga vangi tinyimpi!&quot; ''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 1, - Page 371&lt;/ref&gt;

Loko swikwembu swi heta kuluma vukanyi, marhambu ma ta hlahluviwa. Loko mawa kahle, Hosi hi yona leyi nga ta landzela ku luma vukanyi naswona yi hetisekisa Ku pfuriwa ka nkuvo.

=== Ku luma ka mavuthu ya nyimpi ===
Endhzaku ka Ku luma ka swikwembu na Hosi, vantswa va va hlenegeltiwa leswaku va basisa ntsindza na mapatu ya tiko, leswaku ku sungula nkhuvo wo luma vukanyi.Vavasiti va le ntsindzeni wa tiko vapfuka namixo va ba minkulungungwana (Swibubutana), naswona va ta hlengeleta makanyi etikweni naswona va matisa e rivaleni ra ntsindza watiko. Ntirho woboxa makanyi wa sunguriwa. Makanyi maboxiwa hi rimhandzana rototswa naswona ntsutsu wakona wu hlengeletiwa jomeleni. Byala byaVukanyi byi teka masiku manharhu kuvila. Kwalomu ka khume wa Miphongolo yita hlengeletiwa leswaku yikhoma byala lebyi talaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Loko byi virile, mavuthu ya nyimpi mahlengeletiwa kuta luma vukanyi. Lavangata fika kusungula e ntsindzeni wa tiko i tinhenha ta nyimpi leti dlayeke enyimpini n'wexemo. Tinhenha ti fika ti ambale tinjhovo naswona va khome swithlangu swavona leswi tsongo swo tlanga. Muphongolo wunwe wu ta hlawuriwa ivi ku cheriwa vuhlungu byi milurhu leswaku lava va dlayeke valala vanga hetiwi matimba hi mimoya yavalala kumbe va xengiwa mahlo. Vavanuna va ta hi kulandzelelana (ku katsa na hosi loki a dlele munhu enyimpini) ivi va nyikiwa ndzheko wa vukanyi lebyi nga ni vuxungu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 1, - Page 372&lt;/ref&gt; Un'wana na un'wana a nwaka vukanyi u fanele ku tsutsumela e nyangweni wa ntsindza ivi a tshutela vukanyi lebyi nga e nonweni ivi aku.

 ''&quot;Tatana na whee manana, a ndzi hanye,''&lt;br&gt;
 '' ndzikhoma ndzheko lowu na mundzuku!''&lt;br&gt;
 '' Hi laha kunga heriki!&quot;''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Mavuthu-kulori Lava hlaleleke va hleka ivi va yimbelela nghoma ya nyimpi vaku:
 
  ''&quot;Hi nwa nkanyi lomu'ntswa !''&lt;br&gt;
  '' A hi nga vuli leswaku hi ta nwa ndzheko lowu na kambe&quot;''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Enzhaku ka loko tinhenha leti dlayeke n'wexemo ti hetile kunwa, miphongolo leyi saleke ya pfuriwa ivi mavuthu hinkwawo ya nyimpi matiphina hi byala bya vukanyi. Tindhuna ta nyimpi ti ta vitana nhlangano wa nyimpi ivi mavuthu ya nyimpi ma nyikiwa nawu lowu landzelaka:
 
  ''&quot;Minwa ha hombe. Minga onhi vukanyi lebwi ''&lt;br&gt;
  '' hi ku thlava vamakwenu hi mathlarhi.''&lt;br&gt;
  '' Fambani miya nwa e migangeni yan'wina,''&lt;br&gt; 
  '' naswona minga pfuki tinyimpi nalava ''&lt;br&gt;
  '' va tsemakanyaka emigangeni ya n'wina.&quot;''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 1, - Page 373&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku herisa sweleswo Ku luma ka mavuthu ya nyimpi.

=== Kuluma vukanyi ka muganga ===
Ntirho wo pfula nkhuvo wo luma vukanyi wu hetisekile, sweswi i nkarhi wo sungula nguva ya vukanyi e migangeni hinkwayo ya tiko. Vavasati lava a vasele emakaya loko vavanuna na tinhenha ta nyimpi, va hete ku hlengeleta makanyi yo tala, leswi nsinya lowu wu teleke e tikweni. Nkhuvu lowu wu fanele wukatekisiwa hi ndhuna ya muganga, hi ku sungula yinwa vukanyi emahlweni ka va akatiko. Endzhaku kaswona, un'wana na un'wana u thsunxekiwe ku n'wa vukanyi lebyi kamiweke e mugangeni nale muntini wa yena hi kurhandza.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Va aka tiko va ta nwa vukanyi hikuya hi makotele ya vona, vusiku na nhlikanhi ku kondza nguva ya vukanyi yi hela. Loko vu kanyi byihela e mutini, vanhu vata famba va byi lava eka va akelani  vavona kumbe eka muganga un'wana. Vukanyi lebyi endliwaka hi nkanyi wa nunge hi byona lebyi bhavaka kutlurisa.&lt;ref&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 1, - Page 374&lt;/ref&gt; Hi kuya hi kuxiyaxiya ka [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] hi nguva ya vukanyi, nawu wa tiko a wutiyi. Hambi swiritano, xibhalo xa hosi a xirivariwi. Va akatiko va yisa vukanyi e hosini e ka nguva ya vukanyi naswon swivuriwa ku ''&quot;Lumisa Hosi&quot;''. Ntirho wo lumisa hosi wu endliwa hi kuya hi miganga. Vavasati va tisa majomela lama teleke maku ni tshiki! hi vukanyi e hosini. Ti ndhuna leti amukelaka, kotala ti tekela majomela yo karhi, hambi swiritano byala byiva byitele le kamkhulu. Hosi yi ta thlerisela majomela mangari mangani eka vu pfhimba lava tiseke vukanyi. Vavasati lava rhurheriwa naswona va tiphina hi vukanyi lebyi va byitiseke. Hi xa mundzuku va ta pfuka va thlelela e migangeni ya vona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 1, - Page 375&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Nkhuvo wa hosi ya muganga ===

Lowu intirho wo hetelela wo katekisa nguva ya vukanyi. E kuheleni ka nguva ya vukanyi, ma byanyi masungule ku leha tani hi leswi tiko a riri e nkhuveni naswona kuri hava loyi a hlakulaka. Makanyi ma sungula ku vupfa ngopfu naswona amaha talanga. Nwheti ya hela na swona nweti lowutswa wu tshinele naswona wuvuriwa Sivandlela hi kuva ndlela yo ya eka minkanyi yi mile byanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

E tikweni ra ka nkuna sivandlela yi landzeriwa hi nkhuvo wo tsema lembe (kumbe kudya nwaka). Nkhuvo lowu wu tlangeriwa hi ku sweka kwembe leri swekiweke e nstindzeni wa tiko ra yena. Kwembe ri swekiwe na mirhi yo nisa mpfula, naswona hosi yi ta dya kwembe leri na madyambu. Loko yi hetile yi tsala xihambano eka xighubhu, endzhaku ka swona vanhu vata vitaniwa hi nghoma ya xighubu. Vavanuna va ta na swinangana leswi va hlayisaka kona murhu wo nisa mpfula. Swinangana naswona swifanela ku dyisiwa nwaka ku katekisa nsthovelo. Loyi a kumekaka a rhangele hosi kudya mihandzu yo sungula uta vabya kumbe afa, kumbe a tekeriwa nkavi yin'we.&lt;ref&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 1, - Page 376&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ya nsinya lowu hi Xilungu ==
Masiku lawa, Makanyi wa tirhisiwa hixitalo ku endla byala bya xilungu lebyi vitiwaka '''Amarula''', lebyi nga eka xiyimo xavumbirhi e misaveni eka byala lebyi katsiweke na meleke.&lt;ref name=&quot;HinduBusiness&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/07/08/stories/2007070850261800.htm|title=Capturing the taste of Africa|last=Datta|first=P.T. Jyothi|date=July 7, 2007|work=The Hindu Business Line|publisher=Kasturi &amp; Sons|accessdate=2009-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216203657/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/07/08/stories/2007070850261800.htm|archivedate=2009-02-16|deadurl=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkomponi ya '''MIMRMA''' leyi nga e[[Phalaborwa]], yihlengeleta kwalomu ka Magidi ya mune (4 000) wa tithani ta makanyi hi lembe eka va aka tiko vale matiko-xi-kaya. Byala lebyi va byi kamelaka kusuka eka makanyi, byi yisiwa eka nkomponi leyi vitiwaka '''Distel''' e[[Kapa-Vupela dyambu]], laha byi fikaka byihlanganisiwa na maleke ivi byi virisiwa. Kusuka kona byi cheriwa e mabhodleleni ivi byi xavisiwa misava hinkwayo.

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
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    <title>Category:Minsinya</title>
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    <title>Category:Mihandzu</title>
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    <title>Category:Miroho</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Benny Makamu</title>
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      <comment>mavito na tiko</comment>
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      <text bytes="474" sha1="bkuozgf953hfnitjlgncfahzn11ci9w" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Xivongo Xaka Makamu]]'''

Makamu i xivongo xa Va[[Tsonga]] maChangani va ndyangu wa [[Shikweni, Ngamba, Hlomani, Twala, Manyongotela]]

[[Makamu]] i muti lowu ku valavuriwaka [[Xitsonga]] Xichangana

''[[Xivongo Xaka Makamu]]''

• Yi Tsariwe hi '''[[Benny Hlomani Makamu]]''' e[[Loloka Block 29E]]

== Akani Makamu ==
[[Akani Makamu]] i mufana loyi a tshamaka eka Dzumeri
 mphaghane

[[File:Benny Makamu.jpg|450px|thumbnail|centre|Lexi I xinepe can ''Benny Makamu'']]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nkuhlu</title>
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      <text bytes="2531" sha1="lai2g0vng3rg8scvrbo2dooua28p5sy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nkuhlu
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[Image:Trichilia dregeana, blaarkruin, Louwsburg.jpg||250px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = [[Tihuhlu]]
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mafurha]]{{·}}[[Tihuhlu]]
}}
[[File:Trichilia dregeana, stam, Ou Fort, Durban.jpg|270px|right|]]
[[File:Trichilia dregeana fruit.JPG|270px|right|]]
'''''Nkuhlu''''', ('''Trichilia dregeana''', Hi kuya hi xi Griki) i nsinya lowu kumekaka e dzongeni ra Afrika, e vupela-dyambu bya Afrika, na le [[Madagascar]]. Nsinya lowu wu tirhisiwa ngopfu ku endla mafurha. Nsinya lowu wu rhandziwa ngopfu hi vanhu lava a va ake e tinzhawini ta le kusuhi ni mati.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Elsa Pooley (1993) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0620176970 The complete field guide to trees of Natal, Zululand &amp; Transkei], Durban: Natal Flora Publications Trust. ISBN 0-620-17697-0.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mbhanzu wa nkuhlu wuvuriwa Huhlu naswona wuna rikampfi ra muvala warihlaza-rozwihala naswona rabhava rithlela ripfelela mafurha. Mbhazu lowu vupfeke wuna bululu ramuvala wobhasa lerirhendeleke rikampfi, naswona rinadzika ngopfu. Bululu leri ri funengetiwe hi xikhumba xa muvala wamulamula. Mbhanzu lowu wutshoveriwa hitinhweti ta [[Hukuri]] na [[N'wendzamhala]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Junod&quot;&gt;[[Henri-Alexandre Junod]], [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric02junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 2, - Page 19&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Matimu la ma yelanaka ==
Eka buku yayena Henri Junoid uhlamale leswilandzelaka hintshovelo watihuhlu eMozambhiki:

:: ''Vinyi vatiko vakhaya tihuhlu exikarhi ka Hukuri na N'wendzamhala naswona vatata milomo yavona kukondza swihlaya swavona swindlandlamuka. Marhi ya olovusa bululu ra tihuhlu naswona risungula ku nyunguluka no nandzika hiswintsanana kufikela laha rihelaka ivi kusala rikampfi. Swatala kukuma kusukela eka swihlangi kuyafika eka vadyuhari, vakukumuke swihlaya hitihuhlu naswona minkolo yavona yirikarhi yipyompya bululu ratihuhlu lerinandzikaka swonghasi kufikela loko kusala rikampfi ntsena. Makampfi ma hlengeletiwa hivukheta naswona matirhiseriwa ku endla mafurha, kumbe maxaviseriwa valungu lava navona vahundziselaka eMarseilles laha kuendliwaka mafurha ya michini''&lt;ref name=&quot;Junod&quot;/&gt;

== Matirhisele ya nkuhlu ==

== Mulumulo wa nkuhlu ==

== Matirhisele ya nsinya lowu hi Xilungu ==

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mpfhuka</title>
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      <text bytes="430" sha1="ikxlq5e2g7yyqcd96qjrpn8rt6s1s53" xml:space="preserve">'''Mpfhuka''' impimo wo hlamusela vukule exikarhi ka swilo swimbirhi. Mpfhuka wu tirhisiwa ku hlamusela vuxaka e xikarhi ka swilo swimbirhi leswaku swile kule kumbe kusuhi na kusihi. Mpfhuka wu nga pimiwa hi kutirhisa [[mitara]].

== Swikombiso ==
* Bholo rosungula rile kule eka bholo ravumbirhi hi ti [[mitara]] ta nthlanu (5). Mpfhuka exikarhi ka tibholo leti i timitara ta nthlanu.

[[Category:Matematiki]]
[[Category:Vupimi]]</text>
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|altname = 
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|pronunciation = 
|region = [[Spaniya]], [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni]], [[Gineya ya le Nkaveni]]
|speakers = 407,2 million
|date =2010
|ref  = ne2010
|speakers2 = {{sigfig|89.5|2}} million [[L2 speakers]] (no date)&lt;ref name=EthnologueSp&gt;{{e18|spa|Spanish}}&lt;!--e18 is the first ed. w this figure. Previous one was 59M (1991) in e14--&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
|fam4 = [[Western Romance languages|Western Romance]]
|fam5 = [[Ibero-Romance languages|Ibero-Romance]]
|fam6 = [[West Iberian languages|West-Iberian]]
|fam7 = [[Castilian languages]]
|ancestor = [[Old Spanish language|Old Spanish]]
|script = [[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Spanish alphabet]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Spanish Braille]]
|sign = [[Signed Spanish]] (Mexico, Spain, &amp; presumably elsewhere)
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|agency = [[Association of Spanish Language Academies]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{lang |es|[[Real Academia Española]]}} and 21 other national Spanish language academies)&lt;/small&gt;
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{{legend|#000080|''Spanish is a co-official language''}}
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[[File:Detailed SVG map of the Hispanophone world.svg|frameless|upright=2|center]]
'''Xipaniya''' - i ririmi leri vulavuriwaka e [[Spaniya]], [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni]] na [[Gineya ya le Nkaveni]].

[[Category:Spaniya]]
[[Category:Tindzimi]]</text>
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    <title>Walter Sisulu Square of Dedication</title>
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| title           = 
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| Ndhawu          = [[Kliptown]], [[Soweto]]
| Muaki           = [[Rusty Bernstein]]
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Walter Sisulu Square i ndhawu leyi kumekaka exifundzheni-nkulu xa  Gauteng, Johannesburg, a Soweto,exikarhi ka xitikwana xa Kliptown. Hi 1955 ntlawa wa vanhu lava ava lwisana na nfumo wa avanyiso[apartheid] va hlanganile eKliptown ku twa mavonelo ya vanhu hi kungu ra Papila ra Tinfanelo([[Freedom Charter]]) leri kunguhatiweke hi Rusty Bernstein. Hi ti 26 Khotavuxika 1955. kwalomu ka magidi nharhu(3 000) wa varhangeri va maAfrika Dzonga va hlanganile eka Walter Sisulu Square ku ta tsala Papila ra Tinfanelo&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title = Walter Sisulu Square|url = http://www.waltersisulusquare.co.za/history.htm|website = www.waltersisulusquare.co.za|accessdate = 2015-07-18|archive-date = 2015-07-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150725170810/http://www.waltersisulusquare.co.za/history.htm|dead-url = yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ndhawo leyi yi  vitaniwa hi vito ra nwatipolitiki loyi na yena a lwela ntshuxeko wa maAfrika Dzonga [[Walter Sisulu]], a ri wun'wana wa varhangeri va [[African National Congress]] (ANC).

== Matimu ==
Walter Sisulu Square of Dedication, mavumbelo ya xona ya vile saqwadi eka vaaki va xona va stuidio MAS. Hi ti 26 Khotavuxika ku vuriwa leswaku kwalomu ka magidi-nharhu wa vanhu va Afrika Dzonga, ngopfu-ngopfu vanwatipolitiki va hlanganile eka  square xo thyaka xa ritshuri ku ta kunguhata hi goza leri va nga ta ri teka ku lwela tinfanelo ta maAfrika Dzonga. Laha hi kona la vanwatipolitiki kun'we ni vaaka tiko va Afrika Dzonga va nga tsala papila ra tinfanelo (Freedom Charter). Papila leri a ri nga lweli tinfanelo ntsena kambe ari  lwela tiko leri nga ta fumiwa hi vanhu va tihlonge to hambana-hambana&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title = Kliptown and the Freedom Charter|url = http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/kliptown-220605.htm|website = www.southafrica.info|accessdate = 2015-07-18|archive-date = 2015-07-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150725180417/http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/kliptown-220605.htm|dead-url = yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Papila ra Tinfanelo ri na nkoka swinene eka ntlawa wa ANC, naswona ndhawu leyi yi pfulrile tindlela to akiwa ka yindlu leyikulu ya Afrika Dzonga ya nawu. Ndhawu leyi a va hlangana ka yona a yi thyakile no va na ritshuri kambe namuntlha yi vitaniwa hi vito ro xiximeka swinene naswona yi hlayiwa eka ntlawa wa tindhawu ta ndhavuko. Hi ti 26 Khotavuxika 2005 khale ka murhangeri wa Afrika Dzonga Thabo Mbeki u lumekile ndzilo wo kombisa ntshuxeko, hi ndlela yo tlangela makume-ntlhanu wa malembe ya papila ra timfanelo (Freedom Charter).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

==Tindhawu to koka mahlo ==
Walter Sisulu Square xi rhendzeriwile hi tindhawu to hambana-hambana le ti hlanganisaka, hodela ya Soweto; mavhengele; ndhawu yo oxa nyama; ndhawu yo hlayisa tibuku, naswona yi na rivala le ri nga na swifanekiso swa vo nwatipolitiki. 

&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Papila ra tinfanelo.JPG| Ribye leri nga tsariwa tinfanelo.
File:Khumbi ra timfanelo.JPG| Makhumbi ya khume ya swikoxo swatimfanelo.
File:Hodela ya Soweto.JPG| Hodela ya Soweto.
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;

=== Makhumbi ya papila ra timfanelo ===
Rivala ra Walter Sisulu Square ri ni makhumbi ya khume lawa ma tsariweke swikoxo swa timfanelo leswi tsariweke eka papila ra timfanelo leswi landzelaka:
# Vanhu va ta fuma
# Mintlawa ya vanhu va tiko yi ta va ni timfanelo leti ringaneke
# Vanhu va ta avelana rifumo ra tiko
# Tiko ri ta avanyisiwa exikarhi ka lava ri tirhaka
# Hinkwavo va ta ringana emahlweni ka nawu
# Hinkwavo va ta tsakela timfanelo ta vanhu
# Ku ta va ni mintirho ni vuhlayiseki
# Minyangwa ya dyondzo ni ndhavuko yi ta pfuleka
# Ku ta va ni tiyindlu, vuhlayiseki ni vutshamiseki
# Ku ta va ni kurhula ni vunghana

=== Hodela ya Soweto ===
Hodela ya Soweto hi yona ntsena leyi kumekaka eSoweto, naswona yi hlawuriwa hi tinyeleti ta mune.

==Minkombo ya vuxokoxoko==

[[Category:Mfumo wa Xihlawuhlawu]]</text>
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      <text bytes="18486" sha1="bcm9zdm0sqwwy36272naaliz0p38iz2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;navbox collapsible {{{state|autocollapse}}} nowraplinks noprint&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; width:100%; clear:both; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; {{{style|}}}{{{bodystyle|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;!--
----------------------------------------------------- Barra del titolo -----------------------------------------------------
--&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{image|}}}&lt;!--
---------------&gt;| 3&lt;!--
---------------&gt;| 2&lt;!--
---------------&gt;}}&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100%; background:#ccf; font-size:90%; {{{titlestyle|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
---------------------------------------------------------- V.D.M. ----------------------------------------------------------
--&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;noprint plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;float:left; font-size:xx-small; width:6em; text-align:left; padding:0 10px;&quot;&gt;{{#switch:{{{navbar|}}}
| plain=
| #default=[[Template:{{{name}}}|&lt;span title=&quot;Vai alla pagina del template.&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;[[Discussioni template:{{{name}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#002bb8;&quot; title=&quot;Discuti del template.&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;[{{fullurl:Template:{{{name}}}|action=edit}} &lt;span style=&quot;color:#002bb8;&quot; title=&quot;Per modificare il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare.&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;]}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:110%;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
---------------------------------------------------------- V.D.M. ----------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------- Titolo ----------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------&gt;{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|}}&lt;!--------------------------------------------
--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;!--
---------------------------------------------------------- Titolo ----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------- Barra del titolo -----------------------------------------------------
--&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;!--
----------------------------------------------------- Above (opzionale) ----------------------------------------------------
--&gt;{{#if:{{{above|}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;| &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background:#ddf; text-align:center; font-size:90%; {{{abovestyle|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{image|}}}&lt;!--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;| 3&lt;!--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;| 2&lt;!--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;}}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
------------------------------------------------------&gt;{{{above|}}}&lt;!-------------------------------------------------------
----&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;}}&lt;!--
----------------------------------------------------- Above (opzionale) ----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------- Gruppi ----------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------- Lista1 ----------------------------------------------------------
--&gt;{{#if:{{{list1|}}}
| &lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group1|}}}
      | &lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group1style|}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
------------------------------------------------------&gt;{{{group1}}}&lt;!-------------------------------------------------------
-------&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;!--
-----&gt;}}&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group1|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list1style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{group1|}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;| 1&lt;!--
--&gt;| 2&lt;!--
--&gt;}}&quot;&gt;{{{list1}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;!--
--------------------------------------------------------- Immagine ---------------------------------------------------------
----&gt;{{#if:{{{image|}}}
|&lt;td rowspan=&quot;{{#expr:
{{#if:{{{list1|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list2|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list3|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list4|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list5|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list6|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list7|}}}|1|0}}
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+{{#if:{{{list13|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list14|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list15|}}}|1|0}}
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+{{#if:{{{list17|}}}|1|0}}
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+{{#if:{{{list19|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list20|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list21|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list22|}}}|1|0}}
+{{#if:{{{list23|}}}|1|0}}
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+{{#if:{{{list26|}}}|1|0}}
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+{{#if:{{{list29|}}}|1|0}}
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----&gt;}}&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;!--
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---------------------------------------------------------- Lista1 ----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------- Liste successive -----------------------------------------------------
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--&gt;{{#if:{{{list3|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group3|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group3style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group3}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group3|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list3style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group3|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list3}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list4|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group4|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group4style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group4}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group4|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list4style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group4|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list4}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list5|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group5|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group5style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group5}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group5|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list5style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group5|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list5}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list6|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group6|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group6style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group6}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group6|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list6style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group6|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list6}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list7|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group7|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group7style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group7}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group7|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list7style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group7|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list7}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list8|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group8|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group8style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group8}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group8|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list8style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group8|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list8}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list9|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group9|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group9style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group9}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group9|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list9style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group9|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list9}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list10|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group10|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group10style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group10}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group10|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list10style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group10|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list10}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list11|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group11|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group11style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group11}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group11|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}};{{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list11style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group11|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list11}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list12|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group12|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group12style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group12}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group12|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list12style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group12|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list12}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list13|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group13|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group13style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group13}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group13|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list13style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group13|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list13}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list14|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group14|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group14style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group14}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group14|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list14style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group14|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list14}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list15|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group15|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group15style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group15}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group15|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list15style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group15|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list15}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list16|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group16|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group16style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group16}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group16|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}};{{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list16style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group16|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list16}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list17|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group17|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group17style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group17}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group17|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list17style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group17|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list17}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list18|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group18|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group18style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group18}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group18|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list18style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group18|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list18}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list19|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group19|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group19style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group19}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group19|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list19style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group19|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list19}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list20|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group20|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group20style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group20}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group20|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list20style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group20|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list20}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list21|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group21|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group21style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group21}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group21|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}};{{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list21style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group21|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list21}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list22|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group22|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group22style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group22}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group22|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list22style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group22|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list22}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list23|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group23|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group23style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group23}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group23|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list23style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group23|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list23}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list24|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group24|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group24style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group24}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group24|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list24style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group24|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list24}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list25|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group25|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group25style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group25}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group25|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list25style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group25|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list25}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list26|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group26|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group26style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group26}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group26|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}};{{{evenstyle|}}}; {{{list26style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group26|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list26}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list27|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group27|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group27style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group27}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group27|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list27style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group27|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list27}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list28|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group28|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group28style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group28}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group28|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list28style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group28|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list28}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list29|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group29|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group29style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group29}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group29|}}}|left|center}}; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list29style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group29|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list29}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#if:{{{list30|}}}|&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{group30|}}}|&lt;th style=&quot;background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; {{{groupstyle|}}}; {{{group30style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group30}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:{{#if:{{{group30|}}}|left|center}};background:#f7f7f7; {{{liststyle|}}}; {{{oddstyle|}}}; {{{list30style|}}}&quot; colspan=&quot;{{#if:{{{group30|}}}|1|2}}&quot;&gt;{{{list30}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}&lt;!--
-------------------------------------------------------- Fine liste --------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------- Below (opzionale) ----------------------------------------------------
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------------------------------------------------------&gt;{{{below|}}}&lt;!-------------------------------------------------------
----&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;}}&lt;!--
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--&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[cy:Nodyn:Blwch llywio generig]]
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&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Spaniya</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Navbox generic | name = Spaniya | state = {{{state&lt;includeonly&gt;|autocollapse&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}} | bodyclass = hlist | title = [[Spaniya]] | imagestyle = padding:0 1.0em 0 0.5e...&quot;</comment>
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| name = Spaniya
| state = {{{state&lt;includeonly&gt;|autocollapse&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| bodyclass = hlist
| title = [[Spaniya]]
| imagestyle = padding:0 1.0em 0 0.5em;
| image = [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|border|100px|link=Flag of Spain]]

| group1 = [[Matimu ya Spaniya|Matimu]]
| list1 = [[Matimu ya khale ka Spaniya]] • [[Ku akiwa vuntswa]] • [[Spaniya wa manguva lawa wo sungula]] • [[Spaniya hi nkarhi wa Napholiyoni]] • [[Ku endliwa ka Rhephabliki]] • [[Spaniya eka tinyimpi ta misava]] • [[Spaniya wa manguva lawa]]

| group2 = [[Ntivo-mbangu wa Spaniya|Ntivo-mbangu]]
| list2 = [[Ganga ra le ndzeni]] • [[Pyrenees]] • [[Nxaxamelo wa malwandle ya Spaniya]] • [[Nxaxamelo wa milambu ua Spaniya]] • [[Comarcas ya Spaniya]] • [[Nxaxamelo ya matluka ya le Spaniya]] • [[Masipala ya le Spaniya]]

| group3 = [[Rifuwo ra Spaniya|Rifuwo]]
| list3 = [[Nxaxamelo wa tinkomponi ta Spaniya]] • [[Ku veka mali e Spaniya]] • [[Switirhisiwa swo rhwala vanhu e Spaniya]] • [[Mahlori ya Spaniya]]

| group4 = [[Ndzhavuko wa Spaniya|Ndzhavuko]]
| list4 = [[Ririmi ra Xipanishi]] • [[XiKatalani]] • [[XiBaski]] • [[XiAstu-Leyona]] • [[XiFala]] • [[XiFrankoprovenka]] • [[XiAragona]] • [[XiKalo]] • [[XiOnaviya]] • [[XiAsturiya]] • [[XiLeyona]] • [[XiKantabra]] • [[XiEktramadu]] • [[XiMiranda]] • [[Vunanga bya Spaniya]] • [[Matsalwa ya Spaniya]]

| group5 = [[Ta politiki ta Spaniya|Politiki]]
| list5 = [[Audiencia Nacional ya Spaniya]] • [[Hulumende ya Spaniya]] • [[Nxaxamelo wa mintlawa ya politiki ya Spaniya]] • [[Nhlawulo wa mani na mani e Spaniya]] • [[Ndzawulo ya timhaka ta le handle ya Spaniya]]

|group6 = [[Dyondzo e Spaniya|Dyondzo]]
list6 = [[Nxaxamelo wa ti yunivhesithi ta Spaniya]] • [[Dyondzo ya tincece]] • [[Dyondzo ya vana va kondlo andzidyi]] • [[Dyondzo ya xikolo xa lehenhla]]
}}</text>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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        <id>4116</id>
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  <page>
    <title>Xivongo Xaka Makamu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4259</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36277</id>
      <parentid>35926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-08-23T16:10:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Treasure911</username>
        <id>8037</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tindhawu leti xi kumekaka ngopfu */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2044" sha1="94yw6dp556kk71ho182r40epfv95ng2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       = MAKAMU
| title                      = Shikweni,Ngamba, Hlomani,Twala na Manyongotela
| image                      =
| image caption
= Xivongo Xaka Makamu
| reign                        = 
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Phalaborwa]]{{·}}[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]{{·}}[[Malamulele]]{{·}}[[Nkowankowa]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Chibuto]]{{·}}[[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Magudu]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                   =  &lt;small&gt;[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe               =  
| Ntlawa                     = Va Djonga
}}
[[Makamu]] i xivongo xa Va[[Tsonga]] maChangani va ndyangu wa '''Shikweni''',  '''Ngamba''', '''Hlomani''',  '''Twala''',   '''Manyongotela'''
                    
Makamu i muti wa  maChangana lowu ku valavuriwaka Xitsonga Xichangana 

Xivongo Xaka Makamu xisuka ekule swinene laha vanhu vaku tala vale Muzambiki vanwani vale [[Afrika Dzonga]]

Va Makamu na va n'wa-Makamu i vanhu va rirhandzu, Ntwela vusiwana, No Hlonipha ni Xichavo hi chava ku tsongola swava n'wani hi '''Nantswa munyu hi etlela'''

Xivongo Xaka Makamu xi kurile swinene nahiku hambana kati ndhawu VaN'wa-Makamu leswi vulaku ku I N'wana  Wa Makamu va tele swinene

==Tindhawu leti xi kumekaka ngopfu==

xivongo lexi xa kumeka eka tindhawu to fana na va

○ [[Giyani]]
○ [[Malamulele]]
○ [[Phalaborwa]]
○ [[Tzaneen]]
○ [[Nkowankowa]]
○ [[eBuxu]]
○ [[Maputo]]

na [[Tinwani]] to ndhawu hiku hambana ka vanhu lomu [[vanga]] kona

== Xiphatu xa muti waka Makamu ==
Xivongo Xaka Makamu...

Hi Tshova Rumbulu Hi Makani Mambisi

Hi va Nambyana Wa Ringelengela Waku Ku Heta Vanhu Hi Riolovela

Hi va Xi Wa Hi Mahosi A Nyangweni

Hi Chaya Mahlwelela Hi Mancela

'''Hi Natswa Munyu hi Etlela'''
Hi vatsonga va xiviri hi chava ku tsongola swava n'wanyani &lt;BR&gt;
''...'' 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
 
Lexi hi xona xiphatu lexi tivekaka xa muti waka Makamu. Kuni ku hambana-nyana eka swi mutana swa ka Makamu loko swiri karhi swi phata xivongo lexi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Polendi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4262</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34829</id>
      <parentid>34694</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-01-25T19:55:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DannyS712</username>
        <id>6098</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Special:LintErrors/bogus-image-options]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1185" sha1="crc9wn1pvl68dug13ao9bk5llma60q3" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Rzeczpospolita Polska'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Herb Polski.svg|65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of the Poland|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Poland|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;National_anthem [[File:Mazurek Dabrowskiego.ogg]]&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Poland in European Union.svg|300px]]
|-
|ndhzuwu-kuleha     = 312 679 km²
|-
|nstengo            = 38 483 957 ab.
|-
|ntsengo wa va aki  = 2014
|-
|kutlimbana         = 123 ab./km²
|}
[[File:Warsaw Downtown.jpg|thumb|300px|Poland capital, Warszawa]]
'''Poland''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. The capital is [[:pl:Warszawa|Warszawa]]. Tiko ra Poland ri le xikarhi ka [[Lwandle ra Baltic]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Poland]]
[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bvuma Primary School</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4263</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27686</id>
      <parentid>27676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-11-19T13:13:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Benny De Junior Makamu</username>
        <id>3573</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1206" sha1="dsna8y0yfozm3l5imnmernu71xxsnmk" xml:space="preserve">{{ Infobox school
| name
= Bvuma Primary School
| other_name
= 
| established
= 1973
| location
= Loloka Village [[Giyani]], [[ Afrika-Dzonga]]
| principal
= Mrs Mnisi MM
| type
= xikolo xa mfumo
| motto
= strive for success
| enrolment
= 250
| }}

Bvuma i xikolo xa mfumo  xale hansi lexi seketelaka xi tlhela xi nyika no phakela  dyondzo ya le hansi ya vana ya mahala eka vana hinkwavo va tiko ra Loloka Block 29E na manwani matiko ya le kusuhi, edorobeni nkulu ra [[Giyani]] e[[Afrika-Dzonga]]

Xikolo xa Bvuma xi sungurile khale malembe ndzhaku hi va ma 1970s ka muganga wa Loloka e hansi ka vulavuri bya
Hosi Dzumeri. 
Vito ra Bvuma ri huma eka ndhuna xivongo xa Bvuma laha Vukosi byi nyikeke Xikolo vito ra Bvuma lexi namuntlha xi tivekaka hi vito ra [[Bvuma Primary School]] .

Xikolo xa Bvuma xi le hansi ka vulawuri bya nhloko ya xikolo manana '''Mninsi MM''' loyi a anga nyikiya ximhandzana loko tanana Mabunda Magwaza aya e pecenini. xikolo lexi xina vadyondzi vo hlaya swinene ku tlula [[Madzana mambiri]] ''200'' na vadyondzisi vo ringana [[nhungu]]

Xikolo xa Bvuma xi fambisiwa hi [[ndzawulo ya dyondzo]]  ya xifundzha-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]]

[[&lt;ref&gt;Loloka Block 29E ka Dzumeri, Giyani&lt;/ref&gt;]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Amy Rose</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4264</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27622</id>
      <parentid>27563</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-09-30T01:32:22Z</timestamp>
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        <ip>2001:8003:2008:FC00:4856:88C9:D1D1:79C8</ip>
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      <text bytes="133" sha1="tnfo0n39o4h352uknrvr97g6cphy2te" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Amy Rose with hammer.png|thumbnail]]
'''Amy Rose''' ririmi wa tiko ku hi leri ni ya lexi lawa hoxe swi [[Sonic The Hedgehog]].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Giyani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4266</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38101</id>
      <parentid>36678</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-05-09T18:26:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>UnaMush</username>
        <id>10556</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <text bytes="437" sha1="0p4plhbrkkh7z7a7kvg74d1iniktb1i" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Giyani.JPG|thumb|250px|Giyani]]
'''Giyani''' i khale ka vutshamo bya Vatsonga eGazankulu Republic hi nkarhi wa mfumu wa xihlawulambala. Ka xifundzakulu xa [[Limpopo]] e[[Afrika-Dzonga]]. Ri wela xifundzatsongo xa Mopani naswona ri fambisiwa hi [[Greater Giyani Municipality]].

Giyani yi na switandi swo tluka [[Makume Nkombo|Makumekombo]] kumbe 70. Rifuwile hi vurimi.

{{Mopani District Municipality}}

[[Category:Ntivo-Mbangu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Malamulele</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4268</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39694</id>
      <parentid>39658</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-08-19T15:06:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kelly zhrm</username>
        <id>11371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision [[Special:Diff/39658|39658]] by [[Special:Contributions/KHUTAZA|KHUTAZA]] ([[User talk:KHUTAZA|talk]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="2263" sha1="r1mhbpilhkec4qdc6frtvzvwdewfxj0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Doroba ra Afrika-Dzonga
|name                   = Malamulele
|native_name            =
|nickname               =
|motto                  =
|pushpin_map            = Limpopo
|pushpin_map_caption    = Ndzhawu ya doroba e xifundzeni xa Limpopo
|xifundza               = Limpopo
|muganga               = Vhembe
|masipala              = Collins Chabane
|area_total_km2         = 9.52
|elevation_m            =
|population_as_of       = 2011
|population_total       = 13,070
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/974043 Census 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;
|latd=22  |latm=58  |lats=16  |latNS=S
|longd=30 |longm=40 |longs=25 |longEW=E
|language_source        = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
|language_year          = 2011
|language_name1         = Xitsonga
|language_value1        = 93.7%
|language_name2         = xiVhenda
|language_value2        = 1.7%
|language_name3         = xiNghezi
|language_value3        = 1.2%
|language_name4         = Tin'wana
|language_value4        = 3.5%
|language_name5         = 
|language_value5        = 
|postal_code            = 0982
|area_code              = 015
|censuscode             =
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Malamulele''' swi nga vula doroba ra ka Malamulele kumbe ndhawu ya ka Malamulele. Havumbirhi bya doroba (kwalomu ka le xivindzini xa ndhawu) na ndhawu swi le [[Limpopo|Limpopo province]] (xifundzakulu xa Limpopo) xa [[Afrika-Dzonga|South Africa]] (Afrika-Dzonga) naswona ku tshama ngopfungopfu [[Vatsonga|Tsonga people]] (Vatsonga). Doroba ra ka Malamulele ri na gondzo ra xifundzakulu rin'we na gondzo ra xifundza rin'we; R81 yo ya [[Giyani|eGiyani]] na R524 yo ya eThohoyandou (na Punda Maria Gate) (na Gede ya Punda Maria) hi ku hambanahambana. Malamulele yi angarheliwile hi milambu yimbirhi, Levubu River (Rivhubye) kuya evupeladyambu na Letaba River (Ritavi) kuya evuhumadyambu, Shingwedzi River (Shingwedzi)  lowu khulukaka kusuka eMalamulele-Vupeladyambu kuya eMalamulele-Vuhumadyambu, wu ya khoma Limpopo River (Vembe) e[[Muzambhiki|Mozambique]] endleleni yo ya eIndian Ocean (Lwandlekulu ra Indian). Malamulele i ntsindza wa Collins Chabane Local Municipality (Masipala wa Miganga wa Collins Chabane).

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|2}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Vatirhisi va Wikipedia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4270</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27589</id>
      <timestamp>2015-09-15T08:59:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BEN HLOMANI</username>
        <id>4182</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;I Ntlawa wa Xitsonga&quot;</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:MaTsonga machangana</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4271</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35383</id>
      <parentid>35382</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-08-23T16:28:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>105.8.2.158</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Singular is Mutsonga, plural is Vatsonga.
Also, the double barrel Matsonga-machangana is a derogatory word for Vatsonga.</comment>
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      <text bytes="526" sha1="04sknhjufa75web49sginaraeqykwd7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt; 
{{Navbox
&lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt;
| name = VaTsonga
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| title = [[VaTsonga|VaTsonga]]
| bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = '''VaTsonga :'''
| list1 =
{{·}} [[Benny Benedict Makamu]] {{·}} [[Benny Hlomani Makamu]] {{·}} [[Loloka Block 29E ka Dzumeri, Giyani]] {{·}} [[Makamu]] {{·}} [[Nelson Mandela]] {{·}}[[Nghunghunyani]] {{·}} [[Xivongo Xaka Makamu]] |}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Swivongo]]
[[Category:VaTsonga]]
[[Category:Benny Makamu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:MaTsonga machangana</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4273</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27600</id>
      <parentid>27599</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-09-18T11:54:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="105" sha1="565qimxi9corccznfwi1sq5lr331wa8" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:MaTsonga machangana]]
[[Category:Swivongo]]

TLUKA RA XIMFUMU RA NTLAWA WA MATSONGA MACHANGANA</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Princess Peach</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4280</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>27623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-01-20T16:58:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Peach_(Super_Mario_3D_World).png|Peach_(Super_Mario_3D_World).png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:EugeneZelenko|EugeneZelenko]] because: Copyright violation; see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]] ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1|F1]]): Game ar</comment>
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      <text bytes="83" sha1="g66scwcmhrsj63oefmquxtgl16red9q" xml:space="preserve">'''Princess Peach''' ririmi leri xi ni lexi swi hoxe marito nga ya [[Super Mario]].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:LQT Moved thread stub converted to Flow</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4283</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27631</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T20:14:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4116</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <origin>27631</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86" sha1="e5j16chw2130kmdotptl65jvxa6lw5w" xml:space="preserve">This post by {{{author}}} was moved on {{{date}}}. You can find it at [[{{{title}}}]].</text>
      <sha1>e5j16chw2130kmdotptl65jvxa6lw5w</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:LQT page converted to Flow</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4284</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27632</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T20:14:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4116</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <origin>27632</origin>
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      <text bytes="149" sha1="njhr9sbh7lx81p2xfwikn7amdd3n1zn" xml:space="preserve">Previous page history was archived for backup purposes at &lt;span class='flow-link-to-archive'&gt;[[{{{archive}}}]]&lt;/span&gt; on {{#time: Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Archive for converted LQT page</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>27633</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T20:14:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4116</id>
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      <origin>27633</origin>
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      <text bytes="168" sha1="nigyidinm7czjt0s9dq851dwhckapia" xml:space="preserve">This page is an archived LiquidThreads page. '''Do not edit the contents of this page'''. Please direct any additional comments to the [[{{{from}}}|current talk page]].</text>
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    <title>Template:LQT post imported with supressed user</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4286</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27634</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T20:14:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4116</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
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      <text bytes="113" sha1="1pswkbcu7hauadd98nklgf3pku080ee" xml:space="preserve">This revision was imported from LiquidThreads with a suppressed user. It has been reassigned to the current user.</text>
      <sha1>1pswkbcu7hauadd98nklgf3pku080ee</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:LQT post imported with different signature user</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4287</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27635</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T20:14:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4116</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="135" sha1="gr9xg2oo9p9alcaf8usi587bcmsi65s" xml:space="preserve">''This post was posted by [[User:{{{authorUser}}}|{{{authorUser}}}]], but signed as [[User:{{{signatureUser}}}|{{{signatureUser}}}]].''</text>
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    <title>Template:Wikitext talk page converted to Flow</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <timestamp>2015-10-02T20:14:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>4116</id>
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      <text bytes="127" sha1="ccusakfp9y2sl227h5sbt4ok1ptcsxi" xml:space="preserve">Previous discussion was archived at &lt;span class='flow-link-to-archive'&gt;[[{{{archive}}}]]&lt;/span&gt; on {{#time: Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}.</text>
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    <title>Template:Archive for converted wikitext talk page</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4289</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27637</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T20:14:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4116</id>
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      <text bytes="179" sha1="hd1xxik7k0u7gcb9oq9ddgh20zmhpy4" xml:space="preserve">This page is an archive. '''Do not edit the contents of this page'''. Please direct any additional comments to the [[{{{from|{{TALKSPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|current talk page]].</text>
      <sha1>hd1xxik7k0u7gcb9oq9ddgh20zmhpy4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Łobez</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4296</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27661</id>
      <timestamp>2015-11-05T18:02:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jerzyjan1</username>
        <id>3651</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nowe hasło</comment>
      <origin>27661</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="625" sha1="1n1fhkcrsz6bcvl2lcxdnbodbehb074" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''Łobez''
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:POL Łobez COA.svg|100px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Łobez-Polska.png|right|100px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Lobez main street.jpg|250px]]
|}


'''Łobez''', ra [[Poland]], [[Europa]].

[[Category:Poland]]</text>
      <sha1>1n1fhkcrsz6bcvl2lcxdnbodbehb074</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Poland</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4297</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27662</id>
      <timestamp>2015-11-05T18:05:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jerzyjan1</username>
        <id>3651</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nowe hasło</comment>
      <origin>27662</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="g7a7v2w6636fgr1ow5w32j6u34nrk43" xml:space="preserve">{{Commonscat|Poland|Polska}}</text>
      <sha1>g7a7v2w6636fgr1ow5w32j6u34nrk43</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maswanganyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4300</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39681</id>
      <parentid>39660</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-08-11T01:20:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>200.24.154.82</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39681</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1267" sha1="jsegeljx7kzikyknmksb8dw5d9kjnmo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                  = Maswanganyi
| title                 = 
| image                 = [[File:Coats of arms of None.svg||125px]]
| caption               = '''&quot;va ka xikakane xi borile&quot;'''
| reign                 = Khoseni
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Bushbuckridge]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Maputo]]{{·}}[[Magudu]]{{·}} [[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Hokwe]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini               =  &lt;small&gt;[[Malelane]]{{·}}[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe              =  
| Ntlawa                = Djonga
}}

=== Xiphato xa muti ===

&lt;blockquote&gt;
mfumo wa mbhazima

wa Mafemano


wa Dumazi

wa Gwevani

wa Manjangi

Wa Furumele

wa Mashangu

wa Mpatse

va ka xikaka xi borile xi bolela e saveni,

xi pfumala va tsavuli

vatsavuli va ri kona

va chava ku nuha.

Wa rihlelo ra nyangwa ra bhaxa
&lt;/blockquote&gt;


== Rhavi e ka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==
Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Maswanganyi, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va djonga va Vahlavi''' e ka rixaka ra Vatsonga.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>jsegeljx7kzikyknmksb8dw5d9kjnmo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Wikipedia Asian Month</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>4301</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27688</id>
      <timestamp>2015-11-19T13:44:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>永続繁栄</username>
        <id>4249</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot; '''Wikipedia Asian Month ''' is about writing Asia. If you are writing five or more pages about Asia, Special design letter(from other country) will send to you. Why don't yo...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27688</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="391" sha1="ntknesuj9hkzdu3zsvygylt7sescs9v" xml:space="preserve">
'''Wikipedia Asian Month ''' is about writing Asia. If you are writing five or more pages about Asia, Special design letter(from other country) will send to you. Why don't you join us? If you are interested, please sign [[/participants|this page]]. If you want to be local organizer, please sign below.
Cf.[[m:Wikipedia Asian Month]]
[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Asian Month]]
== Organizers ==</text>
      <sha1>ntknesuj9hkzdu3zsvygylt7sescs9v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Wikipedia Asian Month/participants</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>4302</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27689</id>
      <timestamp>2015-11-19T13:45:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>永続繁栄</username>
        <id>4249</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--~~~~&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27689</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="98" sha1="n0eyr7zwkbpv06gnx5h5isl3c10x5uw" xml:space="preserve">--[[User:永続繁栄|永続繁栄]] ([[User talk:永続繁栄|talk]]) 13:45, 19 Hukuri 2015 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>n0eyr7zwkbpv06gnx5h5isl3c10x5uw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:TableTools</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4307</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33587</id>
      <parentid>27716</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-05-19T02:54:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DiBabelYurikBot</username>
        <id>6347</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Copying one change by Capankajsmilyo: &quot;copied from enwiki&quot; from [[mw:Module:TableTools]]. ([[mw:WP:TNT|docs]], [[c:Data:I18n/DiBabel.tab|translate]])</comment>
      <origin>33587</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="12326" sha1="tqif0qe0lu98pj8cuq70kgi6evye5t3" xml:space="preserve">--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                               TableTools                                       --
--                                                                                --
-- This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables.        --
-- It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should     --
-- not be called directly from #invoke.                                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')

local p = {}

-- Define often-used variables and functions.
local floor = math.floor
local infinity = math.huge
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isPositiveInteger
--
-- This function returns true if the given value is a positive integer, and false
-- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is
-- useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the
-- hash part of a table.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.isPositiveInteger(v)
	if type(v) == 'number' and v &gt;= 1 and floor(v) == v and v &lt; infinity then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isNan
--
-- This function returns true if the given number is a NaN value, and false
-- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is
-- useful for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. Lua will
-- generate an error if a NaN is used as a table key.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.isNan(v)
	if type(v) == 'number' and tostring(v) == '-nan' then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- shallowClone
--
-- This returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all
-- subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned
-- table will have no metatable of its own.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.shallowClone(t)
	local ret = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		ret[k] = v
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- removeDuplicates
--
-- This removes duplicate values from an array. Non-positive-integer keys are
-- ignored. The earliest value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are
-- removed, but otherwise the array order is unchanged.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.removeDuplicates(t)
	checkType('removeDuplicates', 1, t, 'table')
	local isNan = p.isNan
	local ret, exists = {}, {}
	for i, v in ipairs(t) do
		if isNan(v) then
			-- NaNs can't be table keys, and they are also unique, so we don't need to check existence.
			ret[#ret + 1] = v
		else
			if not exists[v] then
				ret[#ret + 1] = v
				exists[v] = true
			end
		end	
	end
	return ret
end			

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- numKeys
--
-- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of any numerical
-- keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.numKeys(t)
	checkType('numKeys', 1, t, 'table')
	local isPositiveInteger = p.isPositiveInteger
	local nums = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		if isPositiveInteger(k) then
			nums[#nums + 1] = k
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	return nums
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- affixNums
--
-- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the
-- specified prefix and suffix. For example, for the table
-- {a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'} and the prefix &quot;a&quot;, affixNums will
-- return {1, 3, 6}.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix)
	checkType('affixNums', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true)
	checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true)

	local function cleanPattern(s)
		-- Cleans a pattern so that the magic characters ()%.[]*+-?^$ are interpreted literally.
		s = s:gsub('([%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%^%$])', '%%%1')
		return s
	end

	prefix = prefix or ''
	suffix = suffix or ''
	prefix = cleanPattern(prefix)
	suffix = cleanPattern(suffix)
	local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$'

	local nums = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		if type(k) == 'string' then			
			local num = mw.ustring.match(k, pattern)
			if num then
				nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num)
			end
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	return nums
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- numData
--
-- Given a table with keys like (&quot;foo1&quot;, &quot;bar1&quot;, &quot;foo2&quot;, &quot;baz2&quot;), returns a table
-- of subtables in the format 
-- { [1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'} }
-- Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named &quot;other&quot;.
-- The compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with
-- ipairs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.numData(t, compress)
	checkType('numData', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('numData', 2, compress, 'boolean', true)
	local ret = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		local prefix, num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^([^0-9]*)([1-9][0-9]*)$')
		if num then
			num = tonumber(num)
			local subtable = ret[num] or {}
			if prefix == '' then
				-- Positional parameters match the blank string; put them at the start of the subtable instead.
				prefix = 1
			end
			subtable[prefix] = v
			ret[num] = subtable
		else
			local subtable = ret.other or {}
			subtable[k] = v
			ret.other = subtable
		end
	end
	if compress then
		local other = ret.other
		ret = p.compressSparseArray(ret)
		ret.other = other
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- compressSparseArray
--
-- This takes an array with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values
-- while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with
-- ipairs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.compressSparseArray(t)
	checkType('compressSparseArray', 1, t, 'table')
	local ret = {}
	local nums = p.numKeys(t)
	for _, num in ipairs(nums) do
		ret[#ret + 1] = t[num]
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- sparseIpairs
--
-- This is an iterator for sparse arrays. It can be used like ipairs, but can
-- handle nil values.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.sparseIpairs(t)
	checkType('sparseIpairs', 1, t, 'table')
	local nums = p.numKeys(t)
	local i = 0
	local lim = #nums
	return function ()
		i = i + 1
		if i &lt;= lim then
			local key = nums[i]
			return key, t[key]
		else
			return nil, nil
		end
	end
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- size
--
-- This returns the size of a key/value pair table. It will also work on arrays,
-- but for arrays it is more efficient to use the # operator.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

function p.size(t)
	checkType('size', 1, t, 'table')
	local i = 0
	for k in pairs(t) do
		i = i + 1
	end
	return i
end


local function defaultKeySort(item1, item2)
	-- &quot;number&quot; &lt; &quot;string&quot;, so numbers will be sorted before strings.
	local type1, type2 = type(item1), type(item2)
	if type1 ~= type2 then
		return type1 &lt; type2
	else -- This will fail with table, boolean, function.
		return item1 &lt; item2
	end
end

--[[
	Returns a list of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default
	comparison function or a custom keySort function.
]]
function p.keysToList(t, keySort, checked)
	if not checked then
		checkType('keysToList', 1, t, 'table')
		checkTypeMulti('keysToList', 2, keySort, { 'function', 'boolean', 'nil' })
	end
	
	local list = {}
	local index = 1
	for key, value in pairs(t) do
		list[index] = key
		index = index + 1
	end
	
	if keySort ~= false then
		keySort = type(keySort) == 'function' and keySort or defaultKeySort
		
		table.sort(list, keySort)
	end
	
	return list
end

--[[
	Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function.
	If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient.
]]
function p.sortedPairs(t, keySort)
	checkType('sortedPairs', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('sortedPairs', 2, keySort, 'function', true)
	
	local list = p.keysToList(t, keySort, true)
	
	local i = 0
	return function()
		i = i + 1
		local key = list[i]
		if key ~= nil then
			return key, t[key]
		else
			return nil, nil
		end
	end
end

--[[
	Returns true if all keys in the table are consecutive integers starting at 1.
--]]
function p.isArray(t)
	checkType(&quot;isArray&quot;, 1, t, &quot;table&quot;)
	
	local i = 0
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		i = i + 1
		if t[i] == nil then
			return false
		end
	end
	return true
end

-- { &quot;a&quot;, &quot;b&quot;, &quot;c&quot; } -&gt; { a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 }
function p.invert(array)
	checkType(&quot;invert&quot;, 1, array, &quot;table&quot;)
	
	local map = {}
	for i, v in ipairs(array) do
		map[v] = i
	end
	
	return map
end

--[[
	{ &quot;a&quot;, &quot;b&quot;, &quot;c&quot; } -&gt; { [&quot;a&quot;] = true, [&quot;b&quot;] = true, [&quot;c&quot;] = true }
--]]
function p.listToSet(t)
	checkType(&quot;listToSet&quot;, 1, t, &quot;table&quot;)
	
	local set = {}
	for _, item in ipairs(t) do
		set[item] = true
	end
	
	return set
end

--[[
	Recursive deep copy function.
	Preserves identities of subtables.
	
]]
local function _deepCopy(orig, includeMetatable, already_seen)
	-- Stores copies of tables indexed by the original table.
	already_seen = already_seen or {}
	
	local copy = already_seen[orig]
	if copy ~= nil then
		return copy
	end
	
	if type(orig) == 'table' then
		copy = {}
		for orig_key, orig_value in pairs(orig) do
			copy[deepcopy(orig_key, includeMetatable, already_seen)] = deepcopy(orig_value, includeMetatable, already_seen)
		end
		already_seen[orig] = copy
		
		if includeMetatable then
			local mt = getmetatable(orig)
			if mt ~= nil then
				local mt_copy = deepcopy(mt, includeMetatable, already_seen)
				setmetatable(copy, mt_copy)
				already_seen[mt] = mt_copy
			end
		end
	else -- number, string, boolean, etc
		copy = orig
	end
	return copy
end

function p.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, already_seen)
	checkType(&quot;deepCopy&quot;, 3, already_seen, &quot;table&quot;, true)
	
	return _deepCopy(orig, not noMetatable, already_seen)
end

--[[
	Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a number, in order.
	sparseConcat{ a, nil, c, d }  =&gt;  &quot;acd&quot;
	sparseConcat{ nil, b, c, d }  =&gt;  &quot;bcd&quot;
]]
function p.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j)
	local list = {}
	
	local list_i = 0
	for _, v in p.sparseIpairs(t) do
		list_i = list_i + 1
		list[list_i] = v
	end
	
	return table.concat(list, sep, i, j)
end

--[[
-- This returns the length of a table, or the first integer key n counting from
-- 1 such that t[n + 1] is nil. It is similar to the operator #, but may return
-- a different value when there are gaps in the array portion of the table.
-- Intended to be used on data loaded with mw.loadData. For other tables, use #.
-- Note: #frame.args in frame object always be set to 0, regardless of 
-- the number of unnamed template parameters, so use this function for
-- frame.args.
--]]
function p.length(t)
	local i = 1
	while t[i] ~= nil do
		i = i + 1
	end
	return i - 1
end

function p.inArray(arr, valueToFind)
	checkType(&quot;inArray&quot;, 1, arr, &quot;table&quot;)
	
	-- if valueToFind is nil, error?
	
	for _, v in ipairs(arr) do
		if v == valueToFind then
			return true
		end
	end
	
	return false
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>tqif0qe0lu98pj8cuq70kgi6evye5t3</sha1>
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      <timestamp>2016-02-02T03:14:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Varlaam</username>
        <id>1362</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>sowiki → tswiki</comment>
      <origin>27728</origin>
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      <text bytes="280" sha1="2tbl44y1iw8avf13lo6tt9ybbn9kc1r" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;languageicon&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#555;&quot;&gt;(&lt;!-- 
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:ISO 639 name {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}&lt;!-- 
--&gt;|{{ISO 639 name {{{1}}}}}&lt;!-- 
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      <contributor>
        <username>Varlaam</username>
        <id>1362</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Language icon|en|English}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}}&lt;!-- Add cats to the /doc subpage, not here. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27727</origin>
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{{documentation}}&lt;!-- Add cats to the /doc subpage, not here. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Varlaam</username>
        <id>1362</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Language icon|fr|French}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}}&lt;!-- Add cats to the /doc subpage, not here. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27730</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="116" sha1="7ru7chkp9sb54y53pcrt96ssh9y17hb" xml:space="preserve">{{Language icon|fr|French}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}&lt;!-- Add cats to the /doc subpage, not here. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Template:De</title>
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      <timestamp>2016-02-02T03:23:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Varlaam</username>
        <id>1362</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Language icon|de|German}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}}&lt;!-- Add cats to the /doc subpage, not here. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27731</origin>
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      <text bytes="116" sha1="7se6ujo4f56lm2mbe3mxt4av3yrz1cm" xml:space="preserve">{{Language icon|de|German}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}&lt;!-- Add cats to the /doc subpage, not here. --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Swihluvi swa ririmi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4314</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41534</id>
      <parentid>39283</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:00:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-21536-42</username>
        <id>12644</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Risivi</comment>
      <origin>41534</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10202" sha1="3c4tcq1sbdfr84cewc91zv6nuh2ju7w" xml:space="preserve">{{Tsonga-Grammar
|Xifaniso        = Floor 7a bookstacks in Sterling Memorial Library.jpg
|Swihluvi        = [[Swihluvi_swa_ririmi#Rihlanganisi|Rihlanganisi]]{{·}}[[Swihluvi_swa_ririmi#Rifuwi|Rifuwi]]{{·}}[[Swihluvi_swa_ririmi#Ribumabumeri|Ribumabumeri]]{{·}}[[Swihluvi_swa_ririmi#Riendli|Riendli]]{{·}}[[Swihluvi_swa_ririmi#Riencisi|Riencisi]]
|Swigaririmi     
|Swiphato        = 
|Vuthlokovetseri = 
}}

'''Swihluvi''' swa mbulavulo wa ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]], i nxaxamelo wa milawu leyi fumaka ndlela yo vulavula ririmi. Swihluvi swa mbulavulo swi ni swihlawulekisi leswi katsaka mahlanganisi, mafuwi, mabumabumeri, maendli ni maencisi.

==Risivi==

Rihlanganisi i rito leri hlanganisaka swivulwa swimbirhi leswaku swi vumba xivulwa xin'we lexi vulaka mhaka yo karhi. Rihlanganisi i rito rin'we leri khomaneke. I swa nkoka ku ri tsala ri khomana hikuva loko ri kala ri hambana nhlamuselo ya cinca naswona a ra ha vi rihlanganisi

Swikombiso swa mahlanganisi:

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
a.	hambi

b.	hambiloko

c.	hikuva

d.	leswaku

e.	naswona
|
| style=&quot;width:50%;&quot; |
f.	kasi

g.	hikwalaho

i.	loko

j.	kutani

k.	kumbexana

l.naswona
|}

===Ndhawu ya rihlanganisi exivulweni===
Rihlanganisi ri nga kumeka eku sunguleni kumbe exikarhi ka xivulwa. Swikombiso:

 a. U ta ya entirhweni hambiloko swi vava
 b. Hambiloko swi vava, u ta ya entirhweni

==Ribumabumeri==
Ribumabumeri i xiphemu xa xivulwa lexi hi byelaka swin'wana hi riviti kumbe risivi. Ri nga hi byela vukulu, muhlovo, nkoka, xiyimo kumbe leswi ri nga ku swi endleni. Ribumabumeri ri aviwile hi mintlawa yinharhu ku nga leyi landzelaka:

 a.  Rihlawuri
 b.  Rifuwi
 c.  Riengetelo

===Rihlawuri===
Rihlawuri ri hi byela swo karhi hi riviti kumbe risivi hi ku hi komba leswi landzelaka:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
a.  Vukulu kumbe vuntsongo  

b.  Nhlayo kumbe ntsengo	

c.  Nkoka kumbe vunene			
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
Xik. Vafana lavakulu va cina

Xik. Vana lavambirhi va fana

Xik. Masi lawa boleke ya chulukisa
|}

====Xivumbeko va rihlawuri:====
Rihlawuri ri vumbiwa hi swiphemu swimbirhi ku nga xitwananisi xa rihlawuri ni nsinya wa rihlawuri. Hi xikombiso:

 Swimbirhi
 Leswimbirhi
 Vanene
Lerinene
Lavatsongo
Leswaku
Kasi 
Tinyingi
Loko
 Lavanene

===Rifuwi===
Rifuwi i muxaka wa ribumabumeri lowu bumabumelaka riviti kumbe risivi hi ku hi komba vun'wini, ntirho wa xanchumu, leswi nchumu wu endliweke hi swona, muhlovo na ku landzelelana ka swilo

====Xivumbeko xa Rifuwi====
Rifuwi ri vumbiwa hi swiphemu swimbirhi leswi nga khomanangiki. Swiphemu leswi swi vuriwa xitwananisi xa mfuwo na nsinya wa rifuwi

   Xik. Vana va wena va rhandza byalwa

====Ntirho wa Rifuwi====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
Ku komba muhlovo		

Vun'wini/Vun'winyi			

Leswi nchumu wu endliweke hi swona   

Ntirho wa nchumu		

Mpimo			

|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
Xik. Tintanghu ta ntima ta durha

Xik. Tintanghu ta mina ti kahle

Xik. Byalwa bya xihenge byi kahle

Xik. Yindlu yo dyela yi thyakile

Xik. Ndzi kombela xibakitani xa mapa
|-
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
Ku landzelelana ka swilo
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
Xik. Munhu wo sungula ku khomiwa i Magezi. kasi wavumbirhi i Gezani
|}

===Riengetelo===
Riengetelo i muxaka wa ribumabumeri lowu na wona wu hi byelaka swin'wana hi riviti kumbe risivi. Riengetelo ri vumbiwa hi swiphemu swimbirhi kumbe ku tlula

 Xik. Vanhu lava va tirhaka emugodini va tele
 Xik. Nhwanyana loyi a rilaka i wa ka hina

====Ntirho wa Riengetelo====
Ntirho wa riengetelo wu lawuriwa hi nhlamuselo ya rona exivulweni kumbe eka hungu ro karhi

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
a.  Ku komba leswi endliwaka	        

b.  Nhlayo/Ntsengo		        

c.  Xiyimo/Xivumbeko		        

d.  Muhlovo			        

e.  Nkoka				        			
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
Xik. Munhu loyi a vulavulaka i wa ka hina

Xik. Wanuna loyi a nga un'we wa yiva

Xik. Wanuna loyi a nga lala a nga laveki

Xik. Meno lawa ya ntima ma dzwihate hi ku dzaha fole

Xik. Vana lava nga vanene va yingisa
|}

==Riendli==
Riendli i xiphemu xa xivulwa  lexi hi kombaka leswi endliwaka. Hi xona xi paluxaka mhaka leyi nga eku humeleleni. Eka ririmi ra Xitsonga riendli ri tsariwa ri nga khomanangi. Hi xi kombiso:

 Wa dyondza
 Va n'wi navela
 A va hlamusela

Kasi eka Xinchangana xa le [[Muzambhiki|Mozambique]] riendli ri tsariwa ri khomana. Hi xi kombiso:

 Wajondza
 Vamunavela
 Avahlamuxela

===Mapfuna-Maendli===
Mapfuna-maendli i swiphemu leswi pfunaka riendli hi ku  humelerisa  tindlela  to  hambana  leti  nchumu  wo  karhi  wu  endliwa ka hi  tona .
Xik: Magezi u   '''tshama'''  u khandziya xihahampfhuka?  '''Tshama'''  hi  rona  ripfuna  riendli .

====Minkarhi ya maendli====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
•  Nkarhi wa sweswi		

•  Nkarhi lowu nga hundza	

•  Nkarhi lowu taka				        			
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
Xik. Vafana va dya vuswa.

Xik. Kokwana u dyile vuswa. ( -ile i xilandzi xa nkarhi lowu hundzeke.)

Xik. Manana u ta dya vuswa
|}

====Mathlela ya Maendli====
Riendli ri nga ha va eka tlhelo ra mpfumelo kumbe ra nandzulo, leswi swi vula leswaku ri nga pfumela kumbe ri kaneta mayelana ni mhaka leyi nga eku humeleleni

•	Mpfumelo

 Xik. Teleni wa hlaya swinene (nkarhi wa sweswi)
 Xik. Teleni a a hlaya swinene (nkarhi lowu nga hundza)
 Xik. Teleni u ta hlaya swinene ( nkarhi lowu taka)

•	Nandzulo

 Xik. Teleni a nga hlayi swinene
 Xik. Teleni a a nga hlayi swinene
 Xik. Teleni a nge hlayi swinene

====Marhavi ya maendli====
Marhavi ya maendli i swiphemi swa riendli leswi kombaka ndlela leyi swilo swi endliwaka/humelelaka hi
 a.  Rhavi ra xitwisiwo
 b.  Rhavi ra xivangelo
 c.  Rhavi ra xikongomelo
 d.  Rhavi ra xitlhelelo
 e.  Rhavi ra xivuyevuye

=====Rhavi ra xitwisiwo=====
Rhavi ra xitwisiwo ri kombisa leswaku nchumu wo karhi wu twisiwa swin'wana. Wu nga va wu twisiwa ku vava kumbe ku nandzika. Nkarhi wun'wana rhavi leri a ri kombi ku twisiwa ku vava kambe ro komba leswaku swilo swa humelela. Rhavi leri ri tihlawula hi xiphemu xa &quot;-iw&quot; lexi nga xilandzi xa nsinya wa riendli. Hi xi kombiso:

 Vana va rhumiwa
 U ta biwa loko u delela

=====Rhavi ra xivangelo=====
Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku munhu/nchumu wu vangeriwa swo karhi/ wu endlisiwa swo karhi. Rhavi leri ri tihlawula hi xilandzi xa &quot;-is&quot; eka minsinya ya maendli.

 Xik. Vatsotsi va chavisa vanhu
 Xik. Ndzi ta n'wi rimisa nsimu hinkwayo a ta khawula

Rhavi leri ri nga ha komba ku pfuna

 Xik. Ndzi ta n'wi rimisa nsimu leswaku a ta hatla a heta

Ri nga komba ku va swilo swo karhi swi suka eka munhu swi ya eka un'wana

 Xik. Mufana u gangisa nhwana
 Xik. Ndzi ta ku dzahisa fole

=====Rhavi ra xikongomelo=====
Rhavi leri ri tikomba hi xilandzi &quot;-el&quot; eka nsinya wa riendli

Rhavi leri rikomba leswi landzelaka:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
a.  Ku tirha/endla swo karhi ematshan'wini ya un'wana		

b.	Ku endla swo karhi leswaku u ta kuma hakelo	

c.	Ku yimela swokarhi/ku langutela				        			
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
Xik. Ndzi tirhela Khanyisa hikuva wa vabya

Xik. Ndzi tirhela ku kuma mali

Xik. Ndzi ta n'wi tshamela a kala a fika
|}

=====Rhavi ra xitlhelelo=====
Leri i rhavi ri ri roxe leri tihlawulaka hi xirhangi. Ri tikomba hi xirhangi xa &quot;ti-&quot; eku sunguleni ka nsinya wa riendli. Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku timhaka ti tlhelela eka n'wini wa tona.

 Xik. Hi n'wi kume a ri karhi a tikama misisi
 Xik. Teleni wa tihlawula masiku lawa

Rhavi leri ri nga tirha tanihi xivulavulelo.

 Xik. Amu wa tidya masiku lawa

Ri nga ha komba ku tiputa.

 Xik. Ndzi ta tifambela ndzexe

Nakambe ri nga komba swiendlo swo pfumala xikongomelo/maendlelo

 Xik. O tivulavulela, leswi a a vulavula swona a swi nga twali
 Xik. Mizaya o tifambela, a a nga switivi na leswaku u ya kwihi

=====Rhavi ra xihlamulo=====
Rhavi ra xihlamulano ri komba leswaku mhaka yi humelela hi ku ringana eka matlhelo mambirhi. Rhavi leri ri tihlawula hi xilandzi xa &quot;-an-&quot;

 Xik. Timbyana ta lumana hikokwlaho ka rhambu
 Xik. Vafana va banana hi mhaka ya ntombhi

==Riengeteri==
Riengeteri i xiphemu lexi hi byelaka swo tala/swin'wana hi riendli. Ri paluxa ndlela leyi swilo swo karhi swi endliwaka hi yona. Riengeteri ri na vuxaka swinene na riendli hikuva ri seketela, tshikelela kumbe ndlandlamuxa mhaka leyi boxiweke hi riendli. Hileswaku riengetela nhlamuselo ya riendli.

Xana i yini xivulwa-nandza 

 Xik. U tshame ehansi
 Xik. U lo endla hi vomu

===Ntirho wa riengeteri===
Ra ndhawu

Ku komba ndhawu (Riengeteri ra ndhawu)

 Xik. Loyi u humaa eka Mhinga
 Xik. Tamatisi ri wele ehansi

Ku komba mukhuva/maendlelo (Riengeteri ra mukhuva)

 Xik. Tshama kahle
 Xik. A a tsakile swinene/ngopfu
 Xik. U dya njhani?

Ku komba nkarhi (Riengeteri ra nkarhi)

 Xik. U biwile tolo
 Xik. Vata vuya rini
 Xik. Nan'waka ku hava mpfula

==Riencisi==
Riencisi i xiphemu lexi hlamuselaka leswi nga eku endliweni hi ndlela yo encenyeta kunene. Loko ri tsariwile ri ri roxe kumbe riri emakumu ka xivulwa ri vekeriwa xihlamari &quot;!&quot;. Loko ri tsariwile emasunguleni kumbe exikarhi ka xivulwa ri vekeriwa hefemulo &quot;,&quot;.

===Mintirho ya maencisi===

•	Muhlovo

 Xik. Tiko hinkwaro ri lo hlazaa, endzhaku ka mpfula
 Xik. Mpahla ya yena yi tshukile yi lo juu!
 Xik. A ambale hembe ya [[ntima]] dzwi!

•	Mpfumawulo

 Xik. U lo na nghena holo hinkwayo yo hiyaa!
 Xik. Tlilasi hinkwayo a yi lo mpoti, hi huwa
 Xik. Hilo twa ku dlomu, hi swi vona xikan'we ku foni yi wele ematini

•	Mukhuva/maendlelo

 Xik. Hilo na fika, o kakatsuku a ya hi kela mati
 Xik. U lo na ku ga, majaha yo tlaku, ya n'wi rhwalela mindzhwalo

•	Ku nuha

 Xik. Sokisi ra wena mbvee!

•	Ku nuhela

 Xik. Nyama leyi yo nkhulee!


Maencisi ya mapeletwana-n'we

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
• ga!

• dzwii!

• Juu!

• hwii!
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
• paa!

• mbvee!

• nguu!

• wuu!
|}

Maencisi ya mapeletwana-mbirhi

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
• bamfee!

• hlazaa!

• hiyaa!

• mpoti!
|style=&quot;width:50%;&quot;|
• dlomu!

• tlaku!

• nkhulee!

• halaa!
|}

Maencisi ya mapeletwana-nyingi

 • kakatsuku!

== Mintshaho ==

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
writer : Mdaka Xitsundzuxo</text>
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    <title>'''RIHLANGANISI</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Basa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4324</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39555</id>
      <parentid>34194</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-09T10:42:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsovo.W.Maswanganyi</username>
        <id>11668</id>
      </contributor>
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 |+ &lt;big&gt;Muvala wo Basa&lt;/big&gt;
 |-
 | style=&quot;color:white; background:white;&quot; | Muvala wo Basa 
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 |{{Photomontage|position=right|photo1a=Delphinapterus leucas 2.jpg|photo1b=Canonization 2014-The Canonization of Saint John XXIII and Saint John Paul II (14037015405).jpg|photo2a=Bride at meiji shrine.jpg|photo2b=858MilanoDuomo.JPG|photo3a=Al-Haram mosque - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|photo3b=White Cliffs of Dover 02.JPG}}
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'''Muvala wo Basa''' i muvala wo vonikela kutlula mihlovo yin'wana, hikwalaho ka leswi wu thleriselaka miseve hinkwayo ya [[rivoningo]].&lt;ref&gt;''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', 5th Edition (2002); ''The Random House College Dictionary of the English Language'', Revised Edition,(1980)&lt;/ref&gt; Muvala lowu wutiyimela woxe,  naswona eka tidyondzo ta sayensi wu yimela kuhambana hi ku kongoma eka muvala wa [[ntima]]. I muvala wa switsari swale xikolweni&lt;ref&gt; ''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', 5th Edition (2002)&lt;/ref&gt; na maphepha lowa manga hava muvala.

Hikuya hi swivutisa mani ematikweni-nkulu ya [[Yuropa]] na Amerikha wa le N'walungu, muvala wo basa lowu yalenisiwaka na kuhelela, vunene, masungulo na vunthswa.&lt;ref&gt;Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets ets symboliques'', pp. 130–46&lt;/ref&gt; Muvala wo basa iwa nkoka eka vukhongeri hinkwabyo bya misava. Mupapa, nhloko ya vukhongeri bya Vukatolika, umbala sw'ambalo swa muvala wo basa kusukela hi lembe ra 1566, kunga mfungo wa vutengi na kutinyiketela. Eka vukhongeri bya [[Vusurumani]], na bya Vuxinto e Japani, muvala wo basa, wu mbariwa hi va valangi va vukhongeri, na hi va Brahimi e [[Indiya]]. Eka mindzhavuko ya le Vupela dyambu nale tikweni ra Japani, muvala wo basa hi wona muvala wa rhoko ya mucato, naswona wu hlamusela vutengi na vukhomba. Kasi eka mindzhavuko ya le tikweni-nkulu ra Axiya, muvala wo basa i muvala wa vakhandli va nhlonge.&lt;ref&gt;Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets ets symboliques'', p. 137&lt;/ref&gt;

Eka mfumo ya khale ya Gibhita na Rhoma, vaprista vaxisati a va ambala tinguvu to basa tani hi mfungo wa vutengi, kasi varhoma a va ambala x'ambalo xa nguvu yo basa tani hi mfungo wa vuaka tiko. Eka malembe ya le xikarhi, hanci yo basa ayifanisa vutengi, kasi xinyempfana xo basa a xifanisa kutinyiketela na vutengi. Muvala wo basa awuri muvala lowu awu mbariwa hi tihosi ta le Furhwa, na vafumi va le tikweni ra [[Rhaxiya]] hi nkarhi wa vu Bholxevi eka nyimpi ya xin'wana manana ya le Rhaxiya(1917–1922). Titempele ta Vagriki na Varhoma ati sasekisiwa hi maribye yo basa, naswona hi kusungula ka lembe-xidzana ra vu 18, muvala wo basa wutirhisiwe eka swi akiwo swa vukhongeri, mfumo na mintsindza ya matiko yo tala, ngopfu-ngopfu e tikweni ra Amerikha. Awuthela wu tirhisiwa tani hi mfungo wa swa vuthsila bya manguva lawa kusukela hi lembe-xidzana ra vu 20.

== Minthsaho ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Mavala]]
[[Category:Rivoningo]]</text>
      <sha1>rp3ytzpyl3t0xf13d0nw9js0465vcut</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Swifaniso swasiku</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4330</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39568</id>
      <parentid>39510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-09T13:23:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsovo.W.Maswanganyi</username>
        <id>11668</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Ndzi cincile mavito yo karhi na endla leswaku leswi swi nga tsariwa swi kota ku hlayiwa hi munhuntsena</comment>
      <origin>39568</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9772" sha1="74sgxwyvw0egft6hh22gw5h1a5ri7n5" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
| 1
| [[File:Slaves ruvuma.jpg|center|300px]]
| [[File:HJ-2-P477.png|center|175px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Mahlonga loko matekiwa eRvuma etikweni ra Tanzaniya.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Nhenha ya Mutsonga wale Xipilongo.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 2
| [[File:HJ-2-P428.png|center|325px]]
| [[File:HJ-2-P253.png|center|200px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Swilombyana kumbe mirhi na vuhlalu bya Xitsonga.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Timbila i xichayani xa Xitsonga lexi humesaka mpfumawulo wofana na Piyano naswona xina tinoti ta khume ntsena.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 3
| [[File:HJ-2-P115.png|center|325px]]
| [[File:HJ-2-P114.png|center|175px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Vavasati vale ku thlokoleni ka mavele hi musi na tshuri.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Nkambana na Swipunu leswi vatliweke.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 4
| [[File:HJ-2-P107.png|center|150px]]
| [[File:HJ-2-P104.png|center|350px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Swinkwamana na Mindzheko ya Xitsonga.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Ndzheko wa Xitsonga, lowu a wu tirhiseriwa ku hoxa swakudya leswi tshoveriweke emasin'wini.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 5
| [[File:HJ-2-P101.png|center|300px]]
| [[File:HJ-2-P97.png|center|300px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Mufana wale Xipilongo na swimunhwana swayena swa vumba.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Wansati na xihiso xa yena xo tiyisa makhuwana.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 6
| [[File:HJ-2-P85.png|center|175px]]
| [[File:HJ-2-P44.png|center|300px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Vuvatli na vuhori bya Xitsonga.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Xitirhisiwa xo kamela chukela ra mimova.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 7
| [[File:HJ-2-P27.png|center|300px]]
| [[File:HJ-1-P465.png|center|300px|]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Mfunge i xiyindlwana lexi akiwaka leswaku ku vekiwa mavele lama tshoveriweke.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Yindlu ya Hosi Muhlava eThabina e n'walungu-vuxa bya khale ka Transvaal.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 8
| [[File:Joburg top.jpg|center|320px]]
| [[File:HJ-1-P16.png|center|185px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''[[joni|Joni]] idorobha lerikulu e[[Gauteng|Gauteng]]. Hirona lerikulu ku tlula hinkwawo madorobha e[[Afrika Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]].''&lt;/center&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Mepe wa tinxaka ta VaTsonga, leswi ava hangalakise swona hi lembe ra kwalomu ka 1900.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 9
| [[File:HJ-1-P427.png|center|200px]]
| [[File:HJ-1-P399.png|center|200px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Mathlarhi ya Xitsonga.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Hosi Muhlava wale n'walungu-vuxa bya khale ka Transvaal.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 10
| [[File:HJ-1-P395.png|center|300px]]
| [[File:HJ-1-P304.png|center|280px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Hosi Sunduza na huvo ya yena en'walungu-vuxa bya khale ka Transvaal.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Vavasati va le Xipilongo, va thlokola leswaku vata sweka swakudya swa namadyambu.''' &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 11
| [[File:HJ-1-P260.png|center|400px]]
| [[File:HJ-1-P176.png|center|200px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Tihomu tinwa mati enkoveni.''' &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Ndlela yo endla vuhlolo byohambana hambana.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 12
| [[File:HJ-1-P171.png|center|200px]]
| [[File:HJ-1-P141.png|center|330px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Swin'wanyetana swi veleke/bebule tindzisana ta swona.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Sirha ra Sokisi, n'wanuna wa le Rikatla.'''
 &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 13
| [[File:HJ-1-P139.png|center|300px]]
| [[File:HJ-1-P81.png|center|420px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Xifaniso xa sirha ra Murhonga.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Xikolo xo yimba en'walungu-vuxa bya khale ka Transvaal.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 14
| [[File:HJ-1-P62.png|center|400px]]
| [[File:HJ-1-P48.png|center|230px]]
|-
| 
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Vafana varisa timbuti.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Mihlembetwana ya milombyana. Yitirhiseriwa ku khoma mirhi yo tshungula.''' &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 15
| [[File:HJ-1-P44.png|center|115px]]
| [[File:HJ-1-P32.png|center|250px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Wansati u veleke/bebule n'wana hi ntehe/dzovo.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Xifaniso xa nhenha ya Matsonga.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
''Xifaniso lexi xi tekiwe eka buku ya Henri Junod leyinge &quot;Life of a South African tribe&quot; Vol 1 leyi kandziyisiweke hi lembe ra 1922.''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| 16
| [[File:Oprente Trommel der Firma djembe-shop aus Tweneboa Holz.jpg|center|155px]]
| [[File:Giyani.JPG|center|400px]]
|-
|
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Xigubhu xa le nkaveni ya tinkonkulu ra Afrika''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;''Giyani i khale ka dorobha ra tikoxikaya ra Gazankulu''&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
|}</text>
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    <title>Template:Featured Articles</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4331</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39583</id>
      <parentid>39582</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-11T15:58:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39583</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4169" sha1="66s7dgo4bxd6hro9w5kii2f93ovirki" xml:space="preserve">{| cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; border:2px ;&quot;  
|-----
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{| width=&quot;100%&quot;  border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;
|- 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| width=&quot;10%&quot; | [[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px|center]]
| width=&quot;90%&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%; color: green;&quot; |  '''Matsalwa la ma hlawuriweke'''&lt;br/&gt; 
[[Nghunghunyana|Nghunghunyana]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[Vuqambhi|Vuqambhi]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Timfanelo ta ximunhu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Vatsonga]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Misava]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Vutomi]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Vanhu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Matimu ya misava]]
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|-
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:P_religion_world.svg|40px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA; color: green;&quot; | '''[[Vukhongeri|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;Vukhongeri&lt;/span&gt;]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
[[Xikwembu|Xikwembu]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[Vukreste|Vukreste]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[Swikwembu|Swikwembu]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[Vukhongeri|Vukhongeri]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[Bibele]]
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|- 
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:Classroom icon.svg|40px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;&quot; | '''[[Vutsari bya Xitsonga|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;Vatsari va tibuku ta Xitsonga&lt;/span&gt;]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
[[Thomas Khosa|T.H. Khosa]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[F.A Thuketana]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[B.K.M Mtombeni]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate|C.T.D. Marivate]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C Marivate]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Etienne ENdhambi|E.P. Ndhambi]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]]&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|-
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:Nuvola apps kuser.svg|40px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA; color: green;&quot; | '''[[Swivongo swa Xitsonga|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;Swivongo swa Vatsonga&lt;/span&gt;]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
[[Baloyi|Baloyi]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Bila|Bila]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Cuma|Cuma]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Hlatshwayo|Hlatshwayo]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mabunda|Mabunda]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Makamu|Makamu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Maswanganyi|Maswanganyi]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Maluleke|Maluleke]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Xillenge|Xillenge]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Xivambu|Xivambu]]&amp;nbsp;
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
|-
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[File:Projet bière logo v2.png |40px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA; color: green;&quot; | '''[[Byala bya Xitsonga|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;Byala bya Xitsonga&lt;/span&gt;]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
[[Muqombhoti]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nyota]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Thothotho]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Xifenukani]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Badama]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Ncayoni]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mukhubi]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Ximpharamele]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Xikhalavatlana]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Byalwa-Vucema]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nghwevu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Vukanyi]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Dzova]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mpahlwa]]&amp;nbsp;
|-
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:Karl_Johanssvamp,_Iduns_kokbok.png|40px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA; color: green;&quot; | '''[[Portal:Swimilana|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;Swimilana&lt;/span&gt;]] na [[Portal:Minsinya|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;Misinya&lt;/span&gt;]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
[[Nkanyi]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nkuhlu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nkwakwa]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Milala]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Pfilu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nkuwa]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nsala]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Ximuwu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nkonono]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nhlampfurha]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mondzo]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mhangana]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nhlangula (Nsinya)]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Ntoma]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nthunduluka]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Ndzhenga]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Muringa]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mupayi]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Muvhangazi]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mpopowa]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mpopowanhova]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mkhanyakude]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mbhandzu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Mbvuva]]&amp;nbsp;
|-
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;
| [[Image:House_image_icon.png|40px|center]]
| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA; color: green;&quot; | '''[[Tindlu ta Vatsonga|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;Tindlu ta Vatsonga&lt;/span&gt;]]'''&lt;br/&gt;
[[Xiluvelo]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Yindlu ya Nsati lonkulu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nhanga]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Lawu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Xivala]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Nturuka]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Dulu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Xitendze]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Xivava]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Xihahlu]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Xitanga]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Ndhumbha]]&amp;nbsp;-
[[Gandzelo]]&amp;nbsp;
|}
|-
&lt;!----------------------------------------------&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Person</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4332</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28217</id>
      <parentid>28216</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-08T14:08:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="683" sha1="mr82dz4l55gij7u66abu5q6n6refq6m" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:right; width:280px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%;&quot;
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;'''{{{Vito}}}'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;  |
{|
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;160&quot;  | [[File:{{{Xifaniso}}}|150px]]
|}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Ntirho:''' ||  {{{Ntirho}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Siku ro velekiwa:''' ||  {{{Siku ro velekiwa}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Ndhawu yo velekiwa:''' ||  {{{Ndhawu yo velekiwa}}}

|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Person|
| Vito = 
| Xifaniso = 
| Ntirho = 
| Siku ro velekiwa = 
| Ndhawu yo velekiwa = 
}}

&lt;/pre&gt;
[[Category:Wp/nr]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
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    <redirect title="Template:Person" />
    <revision>
      <id>27840</id>
      <timestamp>2016-02-22T22:25:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Template:Wp/nr/Person]] to [[Template:Person]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="29" sha1="sycle2n80j8k9h33ozj0b7aqvz2ww7n" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Person]]</text>
      <sha1>sycle2n80j8k9h33ozj0b7aqvz2ww7n</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Furhwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4335</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30981</id>
      <parentid>29741</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-01-06T16:14:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added category</comment>
      <origin>30981</origin>
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      <text bytes="472" sha1="a5vr593dsnrp9fcipqsgp1jvw0gi84p" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Furhwa
|mujeko             = Flag of France.svg
|coa                = Armoiries république française.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-France.svg|190px|right]]
|Ntsindza           = [[Paris]]
|official_languages = Xifurhwa
|area               = 675 417
|population         = 67 595 000
|year               = 2017
|density            = 98,8
}}
'''Furhwa''' (France) a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]
[[Category:Furhwa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Belgium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4336</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35044</id>
      <parentid>29564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-08T14:13:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jacques Ballieu</username>
        <id>3703</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35044</origin>
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      <text bytes="445" sha1="9lh2iziw4qijbwvdvmh4muf3aozkx17" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Belgium
|mujeko             = Flag of Belgium.svg
|coa                = Great coat of arms of Belgium.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-Belgium.svg|190px|center]]
|Ntsindza           = -
|official_languages = -
|area               = 30 528
|population         = 11 250 585
|year               = 2016
|density            = 368,5
}}
'''Belgium''' (''Belgique'') a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>9lh2iziw4qijbwvdvmh4muf3aozkx17</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Greece</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4337</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30177</id>
      <parentid>28012</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-08-22T11:10:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added infobox</comment>
      <origin>30177</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="421" sha1="hndh1qe0ucrx3bvnt0hu5zbimajvef8" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Greece
|mujeko             = Flag of Greece.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of Greece.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-Greece.svg|190px|right]]
|Ntsindza           = Athens
|official_languages = 
|area               = 131 957
|population         = 10 955 000
|year               = 2015
|density            = 82
}}
'''Greece''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. 

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>hndh1qe0ucrx3bvnt0hu5zbimajvef8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Iceland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4338</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36782</id>
      <parentid>29286</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-10-14T09:40:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gerd Eichmann</username>
        <id>6355</id>
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      <comment>new category</comment>
      <origin>36782</origin>
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      <text bytes="1000" sha1="gwxxszmd5enaea259v9j7332stk748p" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Ísland 
|mujeko             = Flag of Iceland.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of Iceland.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-Iceland.svg|190px|center]]
|Ntsindza           = -
|official_languages = -
|area               = 102 775
|population         = 332 529
|year               = 2016
|density            = 3,2
}}

'''Iceland''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. 

==  ==
&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery class=center caption=&quot;Iceland - Ísland&quot;&gt;
Geysir-28-Strokkur-2018-gje.jpg|Geysir-Strokkur
Glaumbaer-46-Museum-2018-gje.jpg|Glaumbaer
Skogafoss-16-2018-gje.jpg|Skogafoss
Smyrlabjoerg-20-Hof-2018-gje.jpg|Smyrlabjoerg
Almannaskard-14-Pass-2018-gje.jpg|Almannaskard
Vik-02-Reynisdrangar-2018-gje.jpg|Vik-Reynisdrangar
Eyjafjoerdur-06-bei Sveinbjarnargerdi-2018-gje.jpg|Eyjafjoerdur
Eyjafjoerdur-24-bei Sveinbjarnargerdi-2018-gje.jpg|Eyjafjoerdur
Thingvellir-40-2018-gje.jpg|Thingvellir
Sveinbjarnargerdi-46-Nachbarhof-2018-gje.jpg|Sveinbjarnargerdi
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ithali</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4339</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32396</id>
      <parentid>29287</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-25T06:57:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update from Wikipedia (it)</comment>
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      <text bytes="432" sha1="b4e08buzibnx8t6nrq5csqmpy6dzyjp" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = ''Repubblica Italiana''
|mujeko             = Flag of Italy.svg
|coa                = Emblem of Italy.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-Italy.svg|190px|center]]
|Ntsindza           = Rome
|official_languages = -
|area               = 301 340
|population         = 60 497 174
|year               = 2017
|density            = 200,8
}}

'''Ithali''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>b4e08buzibnx8t6nrq5csqmpy6dzyjp</sha1>
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    <title>Croatia</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>35967</id>
      <parentid>35966</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-01-04T03:33:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mtarch11</username>
        <id>7445</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/212.200.65.92|212.200.65.92]] ([[User talk:212.200.65.92|talk]]) to last version by DARIO SEVERI</comment>
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      <text bytes="423" sha1="cc2qwjewb4u10hvq83936bkd2tp73iz" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Croatia
|mujeko             = Flag of Croatia.svg
|coa                = Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-Croatia.svg|190px|center]]
|Ntsindza           = -
|official_languages = -
|area               = 56 594
|population         = 4 190 700
|year               = 2016
|density            = 74,05
}}
'''Croatia''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>cc2qwjewb4u10hvq83936bkd2tp73iz</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Cyprus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4341</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37231</id>
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      <timestamp>2023-03-27T18:25:47Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="7711" sha1="odbmrvfnovaztyotitat9x48iza348m" xml:space="preserve">{{bold|Cyprus}} i tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Infobox country
| coordinates = {{Coord|35|10|N|33|22|E|type:city}}
| languages_type = Minority languages
| languages2_type = [[Vernacular]]s
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Cyprus
| native_name = {{small|{{nobold|{{native name|el|Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|tr|Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti}}}}}}
| image_flag = Flag of Cyprus.svg
| image_coat = File:Coat of arms of Cyprus (old).svg
| common_name = Cyprus
| national_motto = 
| national_anthem = {{lang|el|[[Hymn to Liberty|Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν]]}}{{efn|The Greek national anthem was adopted in 1966 by a decision of the [[Council of Ministers]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=National Anthem|url=http://www.presidency.gov.cy/presidency/presidency.nsf/prc34_en/prc34_en?OpenDocument|website=www.presidency.gov.cy|accessdate=3 June 2015|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6177nDxG2?url=http://www.presidency.gov.cy/presidency/presidency.nsf/prc34_en/prc34_en?OpenDocument|archive-date=21 August 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;Hymn to Liberty&quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:Greece national anthem.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = EU-Cyprus.svg
| map_caption = Location of Cyprus (pictured lower right), showing the Republic of Cyprus in darker green and the self-declared republic of [[Northern Cyprus]] in brighter green, with the rest of the [[European Union]] shown in faded green
| capital = [[Nicosia]] &amp;nbsp;
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = {{unbulleted list|item_style=line-height:initial;
  |[[Greek language|Greek]]
  |[[Turkish language|Turkish]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Cyprus|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html|website=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate=15 January 2016|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020655/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| languages = {{unbulleted list|item_style=line-height:initial;
  |[[Armenian language|Armenian]]
  |[[Cypriot Maronite Arabic|Cypriot Arabic]]
 }}
| languages2 = {{unbulleted list|item_style=line-height:initial;
  |[[Cypriot Greek]]
  |[[Cypriot Turkish]]
 }}
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list|item_style=line-height:initial;
  |[[Greek Cypriots]]
  |[[Turkish Cypriots]]
  |[[Armenians in Cyprus|Armenians]]
  |[[Maronites in Cyprus|Maronites]]
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 
| demonym = Cypriot
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[Republic|constitutional republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Cyprus|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Nicos Anastasiades]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Cyprus|Vice President]]
| leader_name2 = Vacant{{efn|The vice presidency is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot. However the post has been vacant since the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|Turkish invasion]] in 1974.}}
| leader_title3 = [[House of Representatives (Cyprus)#Presidents of the House of Representatives|President of the Parliament]]
| leader_name3 = [[Demetris Syllouris]]
| legislature = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives (Cyprus)|House of Representatives]]}}
| sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from the United Kingdom}}
| established_event1 = [[London-Zürich Agreements]]
| established_date1 = 19 February 1959
| established_event2 = Independence proclaimed
| established_date2 = 16 August 1960
| established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Independence Day (Cyprus)|Independence Day]]}}
| established_date3 = 1 October 1960
| established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[2004 enlargement of the European Union|Joined]] the [[European Union]]}}
| established_date4 = 1 May 2004
| area_km2 = 9,251
| area_label = Total{{efn|name=island|Including [[Northern Cyprus]], the [[United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus|UN buffer zone]] and [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]].}}
| area_rank = 162nd 
| area_sq_mi = 3,572 
| percent_water = 9
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Cyprus}}{{efn|name=island}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 838,897{{efn|Excluding Northern Cyprus.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/732265957BAC953AC225798300406903?OpenDocument&amp;sub=2&amp;sel=1&amp;e= |title=Statistical Service – Population and Social Conditions – Population Census – Announcements – Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011 |language=Greek |publisher=Statistical Service of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Cyprus |date=29 December 2011 |accessdate=29 January 2012 |archive-date=15 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115100623/http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/732265957BAC953AC225798300406903?OpenDocument&amp;sub=2&amp;sel=1&amp;e= |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 158th
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 123.4{{efn|name=island}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, [[United Nations Population Division|Population Division]] |year=2013 |title=World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, DB02: Stock Indicators |publication-place=New York |url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/ASCII-Data/DISK_NAVIGATION_ASCII.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_rank = 82nd
| population_density_sq_mi = 319.5 
| GDP_PPP = $29.666&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=24&amp;pr.y=4&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2017&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=423&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|work=[[World Economic Outlook]] Database, April 2017|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=27 April 2017|location=Washington, D.C.|date=12 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2016
| GDP_PPP_rank = 126th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $34,970&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 35th
| GDP_nominal = $19.810&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2016
| GDP_nominal_rank = 114th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $23,352&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF GDP&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 33rd
| Gini = 30.8 
| Gini_year = 2017
| Gini_change = decrease 
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat|accessdate=20 September 2018|location=Luxembourg|date=14 September 2018|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.869 
| HDI_year = 2017 
| HDI_change = increase 
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Table 2. Human Development Index Trends, 1990-2017|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/trends|website=[[Human Development Report]]s|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|accessdate=20 September 2018|location=New York|date=14 September 2018|archive-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322121226/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/ROU.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 32nd
| currency = [[Euro]]
| currency_code = EUR
| time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]]
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Cyprus|+357]]
| cctld = [[.cy]]{{efn|The [[.eu]] domain is also used, shared with other [[European Union]] member states.}}
| footnotes = 
}}&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;/&gt;


{{Yuropa}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>odbmrvfnovaztyotitat9x48iza348m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Czech Republic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4342</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29567</id>
      <parentid>29566</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-14T08:00:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added infobox</comment>
      <origin>29567</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="466" sha1="tvgj1nhufnhghpy5l425lph2d6b7kbj" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Czech Republic
|mujeko             = Flag of Czech Republic.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-Czech Republic.svg|190px|center]]
|Ntsindza           = -
|official_languages = -
|area               = 78 866 
|population         = 10 553 948
|year               = 2015
|density            = 133,82
}}
'''Czech Republic''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. 

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>tvgj1nhufnhghpy5l425lph2d6b7kbj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Denmark</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4343</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39197</id>
      <parentid>29733</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-07T22:00:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg with [[File:National_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]).</comment>
      <origin>39197</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="412" sha1="cdv3ex3cfpfjgu67fvgz5zu6qk3i1lq" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Denmark
|mujeko             = Flag of Denmark.svg
|coa                = National coat of arms of Denmark.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-Denmark.svg|190px|center]]
|Ntsindza           = -
|official_languages = -
|area               = 42 931
|population         = 5 748 769
|year               = 2017
|density            = 133,90
}}
'''Denamark''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. {{Yuropa}}</text>
      <sha1>cdv3ex3cfpfjgu67fvgz5zu6qk3i1lq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Estonia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4344</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37731</id>
      <parentid>36386</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-11-23T18:22:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Drone_video_of_Estonia_2021.webm|Drone_video_of_Estonia_2021.webm]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Drone video of Estonia 2021.webm|]].</comment>
      <origin>37731</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="401" sha1="e8gh1abbfee358wptnet182qgfnvn9h" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Estonia
|mujeko             = Flag of Estonia.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of Estonia.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-Estonia.svg|190px|center]]
|Ntsindza           = -
|official_languages = -
|area               = 45 336 
|population         = 1 315 635
|year               = 2017
|density            = 29
}}
'''Estonia''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. 

{{Yuropa}}</text>
      <sha1>e8gh1abbfee358wptnet182qgfnvn9h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Finland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4345</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39744</id>
      <parentid>33589</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-10-05T08:59:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Antimuonium</username>
        <id>10424</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Tag correction</comment>
      <origin>39744</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="623" sha1="p5ctlrt8ldiojtragrzk5qdxpd0fv07" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Finland&lt;br /&gt;Suomi&lt;br /&gt;Suomen tasavalta
|mujeko             = Flag of Finland.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of Finland.svg
|escudo_grandaria   = 90px
|image              = [[File:EU-Finland.svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = [[Helsinki]]
|official_languages = finnish
|area               = 338 440,83
|population         = 5 495 830
|year               = 2016
|density            = 18,1
}}
'''Finland''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].
[[File:Finland 1996 CIA map.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Koli National Park in Northern Karelia.jpg|thumb|Pielinen]]

{{commons|Finland}}
{{Yuropa}}
[[Category:Finland]]</text>
      <sha1>p5ctlrt8ldiojtragrzk5qdxpd0fv07</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Liechtenstein</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4346</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30983</id>
      <parentid>27872</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-01-10T09:54:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added infobox</comment>
      <origin>30983</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="462" sha1="c8h7f99qri7tmrnqk81ih8gl5k8uwvo" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Principality of Liechtenstein
|mujeko             = Flag of Liechtenstein.svg
|coa                = Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg
|image              = [[File:Europe-Liechtenstein.svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Vaduz
|official_languages = -
|area               = 160
|population         = 37 340
|year               = 2014
|density            = 227
}}
'''Liechtenstein''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. 


{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>c8h7f99qri7tmrnqk81ih8gl5k8uwvo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Luxembourg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4347</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33633</id>
      <parentid>30985</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-06-22T07:43:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Great_coat_of_arms_of_Luxembourg.svg|Great_coat_of_arms_of_Luxembourg.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jcb|Jcb]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Luxembourg related coat of arms images by User:Sodacan|]].</comment>
      <origin>33633</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="420" sha1="akm52dpovyss8af4co6gszgysys4zqa" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
|mujeko             = Flag of Luxembourg.svg
|coa                =
|image              = [[File:EU-Luxembourg.svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Luxembourg
|official_languages = -
|area               = 2.586
|population         = 590 667
|year               = 2017
|density            = 223
}}
'''Luxembourg''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]]. 

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>akm52dpovyss8af4co6gszgysys4zqa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>North Macedonia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4348</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37614</id>
      <parentid>37610</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-08-17T14:36:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kontrollstellekundl</username>
        <id>7084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>37614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="347" sha1="m9a7pv2gqswxz3mw3ahda71ahm155op" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg|100px|right]]
[[File:Coat of arms of North Macedonia.svg|100px|right]]
[[File:Macedonia in Europe.svg|thumb|North Macedonia]]
'''North Macedonia''' (formerly Republic of Macedonia) a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

== Weblinks ==
{{Commons|North Macedonia}}

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa| ]]
[[Category:North Macedonia| ]]</text>
      <sha1>m9a7pv2gqswxz3mw3ahda71ahm155op</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Moldova</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4350</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27876</id>
      <timestamp>2016-02-23T13:12:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Moldova''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].  {{Yuropa}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27876</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" sha1="etigh8tu1b022awznfznpahmq194j9g" xml:space="preserve">'''Moldova''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}</text>
      <sha1>etigh8tu1b022awznfznpahmq194j9g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Monaco</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4351</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27877</id>
      <timestamp>2016-02-23T13:12:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Monaco''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].  {{Yuropa}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27877</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="46" sha1="pqvlhmbu2wajhbrv0ngrsbocwl7c6je" xml:space="preserve">'''Monaco''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}</text>
      <sha1>pqvlhmbu2wajhbrv0ngrsbocwl7c6je</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Montenegro</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4352</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27878</id>
      <timestamp>2016-02-23T13:12:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Montenegro''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].  {{Yuropa}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27878</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50" sha1="b6tir4p24b3u3i9g4shx7e2v8xz6dmz" xml:space="preserve">'''Montenegro''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}</text>
      <sha1>b6tir4p24b3u3i9g4shx7e2v8xz6dmz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Netherlands</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4353</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30982</id>
      <parentid>27927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-01-06T16:21:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added infobox.</comment>
      <origin>30982</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="463" sha1="jegh6gvwm5ucybvw5ju1beoea0tor2t" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = the Netherlands
|mujeko             = Flag of the Netherlands.svg
|coa                = State coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg
|image              = [[File:EU-Netherlands.svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Amsterdam
|official_languages = -
|area               = 41 543
|population         = 17 170 000
|year               = 2017
|density            = 413.9
}}
'''Netherlands''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>jegh6gvwm5ucybvw5ju1beoea0tor2t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Serbia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4356</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27924</id>
      <parentid>27883</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-02-28T09:44:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Katxis</username>
        <id>4019</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27924</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="67" sha1="nogobq6affpsx1kdqnm4oxsq7rv4l2q" xml:space="preserve">'''Serbia''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>nogobq6affpsx1kdqnm4oxsq7rv4l2q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>San Marino</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4357</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27923</id>
      <parentid>27884</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-02-28T09:44:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Katxis</username>
        <id>4019</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27923</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="71" sha1="2ugsdjworcs8llroh7qz3vfa9wuuh6t" xml:space="preserve">'''San Marino''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>2ugsdjworcs8llroh7qz3vfa9wuuh6t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Slovakia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4358</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27925</id>
      <parentid>27885</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-02-28T09:44:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Katxis</username>
        <id>4019</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27925</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="69" sha1="gqw6mve0nuey7micjrk5rckx8zxm1zs" xml:space="preserve">'''Slovakia''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>gqw6mve0nuey7micjrk5rckx8zxm1zs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Slovenia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4359</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27886</id>
      <timestamp>2016-02-23T13:15:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Slovenia''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].  {{Yuropa}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27886</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="7b7woc1ge4mtzl7parmtrwxu6bk003n" xml:space="preserve">'''Slovenia''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}</text>
      <sha1>7b7woc1ge4mtzl7parmtrwxu6bk003n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sweden</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4360</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33588</id>
      <parentid>27887</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-05-19T14:47:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Risto hot sir</username>
        <id>6319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>File</comment>
      <origin>33588</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="142" sha1="6cwyk3kyyjv9nmqh79ue694uxawzwmh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|thumb|]]
[[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|right|thumb|200px]]

'''Sweden''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}</text>
      <sha1>6cwyk3kyyjv9nmqh79ue694uxawzwmh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Switzerland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4361</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27888</id>
      <timestamp>2016-02-23T13:15:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Switzerland''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].  {{Yuropa}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27888</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="51" sha1="88mkzcgc3w634jdqxplthyn10ry2o0a" xml:space="preserve">'''Switzerland''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}</text>
      <sha1>88mkzcgc3w634jdqxplthyn10ry2o0a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>United Kingdom</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4362</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37617</id>
      <parentid>37615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-08-17T14:44:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kontrollstellekundl</username>
        <id>7084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>corr +formatting</comment>
      <origin>37617</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="455" sha1="3ju41ksol8c4wpik221bvsums6d3nlw" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name    = United Kingdom
|mujeko  = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
|coa     = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
|image   = [[File:Europe-UK.svg|300px|center]]
|Ntsindza= -
|official_languages = English
|area      = 242 495
|population= 68 138 484
|year      = 2023
|density   = 271
}}

'''United Kingdom''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

== Weblinks ==
{{Commons|United Kingdom}}

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa| ]]
[[Category:United Kingdom| ]]</text>
      <sha1>3ju41ksol8c4wpik221bvsums6d3nlw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vatican City</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4363</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34802</id>
      <parentid>27890</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-01-22T00:28:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chongkian</username>
        <id>3376</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>34802</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="73" sha1="4jn96vgdjuy562ugvlcxz4pxxbdrl5d" xml:space="preserve">'''Vatican City''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>4jn96vgdjuy562ugvlcxz4pxxbdrl5d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cote D'Ivoire</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4364</id>
    <redirect title="Côte d&#039;Ivoire" />
    <revision>
      <id>31172</id>
      <parentid>31117</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-07-04T08:41:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Creating a redirect</comment>
      <origin>31172</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="ak03to0pq0gt8mwfpwvht7dtl3ys868" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Côte d'Ivoire]]</text>
      <sha1>ak03to0pq0gt8mwfpwvht7dtl3ys868</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Western Sahara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4365</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36478</id>
      <parentid>36476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T10:24:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheresNoTime</username>
        <id>8527</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/68.5.104.162|68.5.104.162]] ([[User talk:68.5.104.162|talk]]) to last version by НСНУ</comment>
      <origin>36478</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="74" sha1="jdud2gwi1hidsbw89w5kw4hxdunizog" xml:space="preserve">'''Western Sahara''' a tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}
[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>jdud2gwi1hidsbw89w5kw4hxdunizog</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Equetorial Guinea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4367</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27895</id>
      <timestamp>2016-02-23T13:20:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Equetorial Guinea''' a tiko ra [[Afrika]].  {{Afrika}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27895</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57" sha1="q5dq3h27hnmhwc6pk425qe3j39fqh2y" xml:space="preserve">'''Equetorial Guinea''' a tiko ra [[Afrika]].

{{Afrika}}</text>
      <sha1>q5dq3h27hnmhwc6pk425qe3j39fqh2y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Congo Republic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4368</id>
    <redirect title="Riphabliki ya Congo" />
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        <username>Hugo.arg</username>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[Riphabliki ya Congo]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Reunion</title>
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        <username>Rotondus</username>
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      <text bytes="80" sha1="dol2a6w196b3t6tg3pog6nv436l5wl8" xml:space="preserve">'''Reunion''' a tiko ra [[Afrika]] ([[France]]).

{{Afrika}}
[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/1</title>
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        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>9355</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/~2025-38283-63|~2025-38283-63]] ([[User talk:~2025-38283-63|talk]]) to last version by Thuvack: reverting vandalism</comment>
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      <text bytes="2695" sha1="9emba4dy4scbto1kxa2tcgqccak30uz" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Matsalwa Ya nkoka/Level/Nav bar}}

Lawa i matsalwa ya khume yankoka eka Wikiphediya leyi, naswona mavumba xiyenge xosungula eka nxaxamelo wa matsalwa ya nkoka eka Wikiphediya leyi.
&lt;small&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot;
|+
|-
!Xiyenge!!-!!Nkutlunya &lt;br&gt; wa sweswi!!Pakani ya &lt;br&gt; Nkutlunya
|-
|'''Ntsengo''' ||:|| '''10'''||'''10'''
|}
&lt;/small&gt;
Matsala makamberiwa hi swiyenge leswi landzelaka:

* Matsalwa ya siku {{Icon|FA}} (Matsalwa lamahlawuriweke ku kombisiwa eka tluka nkulu)
* Xiyenge xa - A {{Icon|A}}  (Tsalwa leri heleleke)
* Xiyenge xa - B {{Icon|B}}  (Tsalwa ra kahle)
* Xiyenge xa - C {{Icon|C}}  (Tsalwa leri lavaka ku hlakarherisiwa)
* Tsalwa ro Amukeleka {{Icon|GA}}
* Tsalwa ra ramasungulo {{Icon|Start}}

==Ntsengo lowu heleleke: 10==
Wu lulamisiwe ro hetelela hi -- [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 16:45, 16 Mawuwani 2025 (UTC)
&lt;br&gt;
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

===Nxaxamelo wa nkoka: 10 eka Wikiphediya ya Xitsonga===

* {{Icon|FA}} [[Nghunghunyana]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Gungunhana|Nghunghunyane]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Xitsonga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Tsonga language|Tsonga language]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|GA}} [[Nelson Mandela]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ririmi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Language|Language]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Misava]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Earth|Earth]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vutomi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Life|Life]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|C}} [[Vanhu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Human|Human]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Matimu_ya_misava|Matimu ya misava]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:History of the world|History of the world]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|C}} [[Ndhzavuko]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Culture|Culture]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|C}} [[Vutshila]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:The arts|The arts]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

{{col-break}}

===Nxaxamelo wa nkoka: 10 eka Wikiphediya ya Xighezi===

* {{Icon|Start}} [[Misava]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Earth|Earth]]'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vutomi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Life|Life]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|C}} [[Vanhu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Human|Human]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Matimu_ya_misava|Matimu ya misava]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:History of the world|History of the world]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|C}} [[Ndhzavuko]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Culture|Culture]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ririmi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Language|Language]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|C}} [[Vutshila]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Arts|The arts]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Sayensi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Science|Science]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|C}} [[Thekinoloji]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Technology|Technology]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Dyondzo-Tinhlayo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mathematics|Mathematics]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

{{col-end}}


[[Category:Matsalwa yankoka]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dyondzo-Tinhlayo</title>
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        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>xitsongo</comment>
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      <text bytes="5346" sha1="1iw6z8msrouh7tnfb9rmey5zufn9k25" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Euclid.jpg|thumb|Euclid, N'wa tinhlayo wa muGriki, Lembe-xidzana ra vu3 BC, Hikuya hi Raphael.&lt;ref&gt;No likeness or description of Euclid's physical appearance made during his lifetime survived antiquity.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Dyondzo-Tinhlayo (Mathematics)''' (Kusuka exiGrikini μάθημα ''máthēma'', “Vutivi, kuhlahluva, kudyondza”) idyondzo ya tinhloko-mhaka to fana ni Ntsengo (tinomboro),&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://oed.com/view/Entry/114974|title=mathematics, ''n.''|publisher=Oxford University Press|work=Oxford English Dictionary|year=2012|accessdate=June 16, 2012|quote=The science of space, number, quantity, and arrangement, whose methods involve logical reasoning and usually the use of symbolic notation, and which includes geometry, arithmetic, algebra, and analysis.}}&lt;/ref&gt; vuhleri,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kneebone&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|title=Mathematical Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics: An Introductory Survey|publisher=Dover|author=Kneebone, G.T.|year=1963|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tCXxf4vbXCcC&amp;pg=PA4 4]|isbn=0-486-41712-3|quote=Mathematics&amp;nbsp;... is simply the study of abstract structures, or formal patterns of connectedness.}}&lt;/ref&gt; vundhawu,&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://oed.com/view/Entry/114974|title=mathematics, ''n.''|publisher=Oxford University Press|work=Oxford English Dictionary|year=2012|accessdate=June 16, 2012|quote=The science of space, number, quantity, and arrangement, whose methods involve logical reasoning and usually the use of symbolic notation, and which includes geometry, arithmetic, algebra, and analysis.}}&lt;/ref&gt; na macincele.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaTorre&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|title=Calculus Concepts: An Informal Approach to the Mathematics of Change|publisher=Cengage Learning|author=LaTorre, Donald R., John W. Kenelly, Iris B. Reed, Laurel R. Carpenter, and Cynthia R Harris|year=2011|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1Ebu2Tij4QsC&amp;pg=PA2 2]|isbn=1-4390-4957-2|quote=Calculus is the study of change—how things change, and how quickly they change.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramana&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|title=Applied Mathematics|publisher=Tata McGraw–Hill Education|author=Ramana|year=2007|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=XCRC6BeKhIIC&amp;pg=SA2–PA10 2.10]|isbn=0-07-066753-5|quote=The mathematical study of change, motion, growth or decay is calculus.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ziegler&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|title=An Invitation to Mathematics: From Competitions to Research|publisher=Springer|author=Ziegler, Günter M.|authorlink=Günter M. Ziegler|year=2011|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9TATfteVeVYC&amp;pg=PR7 7]|isbn=3-642-19532-6|chapter=What Is Mathematics?}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuni kuhambanahabana ka mavonele exikarhi kavan'wa-Tinhlayo na van'wa-Filisofi mayelana na nhlamuselo ya Dyondzo-Tinhlayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mura&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|title=Images of Mathematics Held by University Teachers of Mathematical Sciences|author=Mura, Roberta|journal=Educational Studies in Mathematics|date=Dec 1993|volume=25|issue=4|pages=[http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3482762 375–385]|ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Runge&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|title=[[Iris Runge]]: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry|publisher=Springer|author=Tobies, Renate and Helmut Neunzert|year=2012|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=EDm0eQqFUQ4C&amp;pg=PA9 9]|isbn=3-0348-0229-3|quote=It is first necessary to ask what is meant by ''mathematics'' in general. Illustrious scholars have debated this matter until they were blue in the face, and yet no consensus has been reached about whether mathematics is a natural science, a branch of the humanities, or an art form.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dyondzo-Tinhlayo iyankoka ngopfu eswiyengeni swamitirho, kuhlanganisa na ntivo-ntumbuluko, enjhiniyeringi, mirhi yavuongori, swatima kuhlanganisa na ntivo-vutomi. Kuhava ndzilakano lowuvonakalaka exikarhi ka ntivo-tinhlayo lowu tengeke na ntivo-tinhlayo lowu tirhisiwaka.&lt;ref&gt;Peterson&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
Matimu ya dyondzo-tinhlayo yingahavoniwa tani hi tinhlamuselo tamavonele. Mavonele yosungula mafana namavonelo yaswiharhi,&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|title=Abstract representations of numbers in the animal and human brain|journal=Trends in Neuroscience|volume=21|issue=8|date=Aug 1998|pages=355–361|doi=10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01263-6|pmid=9720604|ref=harv|last1=Dehaene|first1=Stanislas|last2=Dehaene-Lambertz|first2=Ghislaine|last3=Cohen|first3=Laurent}}&lt;/ref&gt; kungava kuri tinomboro: kutwisisa leswaku maapula mambirhi maringana hintsengo namaswira mambirhi.

Ehenhleni kokota ku hlaya swilo leswivonakaka, vanhu vakhale avaswikota kuhlaya naleswi vangaswivoniki, kufana na nkarhi, masiku, tinguva namalembe.&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, Raymond L. Wilder, ''Evolution of Mathematical Concepts; an Elementary Study'', ''passim''&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuhava vumboni bya dyondzo-tinhlayo kufikela eka lembe ra 3000&amp;nbsp;BC, loko va aki vaBabilona na va aki va Gibhita vasungula to tirhisa aritimatiki (Nhlayo-Vunyingi), aljebra (Nhlayo-vuringanisi) na Jiyometiri (Nhlayo-Vuaki) leswaku vahlengeleta xibhalo, kuhlaya mali, naku aka, kuhlanganisa na ntivo-tinyeleti.&lt;ref&gt;Kline 1990, Chapter 1.&lt;/ref&gt; The earliest uses of mathematics were in trading, land measurement, painting and weaving patterns and the recording of time.
&lt;br&gt;


== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Matematiki]]</text>
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    <title>Thekinoloji</title>
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        <username>Aquino101</username>
        <id>10870</id>
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      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */</comment>
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      <text bytes="8369" sha1="m7o5hryxuw39e5rk3h2rcsqh771mlzo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Dampfturbine_Montage01.jpg|thumb|359x359px|Mphehlo wagezi hikutirhisa njhini ya ripomelo rohisa.  Nkavelo wagezi wufambisana ngopfu na kuhluvuka ka mahanyele ya vanhu.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Committee on Electricity in Economic Growth Energy Engineering Board Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems National Research Council (1986). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Mphehlo wagezi wu hlawuriwe tanihi xihluvukisi lexihlawulekeke eka lembexidzana ravukhume-mbirhi.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Constable, George; Somerville, Bob (2003). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Thekinoloji''' (&quot;Ntivovuthlarhi hita kuvumba&quot;, risuka eka viti ra [[Xigriki]] &lt;span contenteditable=&quot;false&quot; lang=&quot;grc&quot;&gt;τέχνη&lt;/span&gt;, ''techne'', &quot;Vupfapfarhuti kumbe Vutshila&quot;; kuhlanganisa na &lt;span contenteditable=&quot;false&quot; lang=&quot;grc&quot;&gt;-λογία&lt;/span&gt;, ''[[wiktionary:-logia|-logia]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Liddell 1980&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott (1980). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;) i nhlengelo wa vutshila, [[vuswikoti]] na maendlele yo tumbuluxa switirhisiwa kumbe vukorhokeri kumbe kuhetisisa vukambisisi bya Sayensi. Thekinoloji yinga thlela yi hlamuseriwa tanihi vutivi bya maendlelo ya mintirho.

Kutirhisiwa ka thekinoloji kusungule hi kutumbuluxa switirhisiwa swo tirha hiswona kusukela eka mbango. Kusukela eku dyondzeni tindlela to tirhisa ndzilo, kurima na tindlela to vevukisa maendzo hikutirhisa vilwa. Kuhluvuka ka manguva lawa kuhlanganisa kuganglisa ka tibuku, tinqingo na [[inthaneti]], swi vevukise tindlela to vulavurisana namabulu.  Kuhluvuka ka malwelo yatinyipi, namathlarhi switise kuonha lokukulu lokuvangeriwaka hi mathlarhi yanyutliya.

Thekinoloji yithlele yupfuna kuhluvukisa tamabindzu yamisava naku kurisa rifuwo. Hambiswiritano swin'wana switandzhaku swo biha naswona leswi onhaka mbangu. &lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;59&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

== Matimu ==

=== Ekusunguleni: 2.5 miliyoni&amp;#x20;– 10,000 BC ===
Vanhu vakhale vatidyondzise Vutivi byovumba mathulusi yo tirha hiwona, katsongo katsongo hikuya hi swilaveko swavutomi. Kutshembiwa leswaku kuvumba ririmi na mbalavuriswano hi yona thekinoloji yosungula.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Wade, Nicholas (15 July 2003). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mathulusi ya maribye ====
[[File:Biface_de_St_Acheul_MHNT.jpg|thumb|Xihloka xosungula]]
Vanhu vakhale vasungule kulota maribye leswaku vakota kuvumba mathulusi yofana na bewula, swikomu na mathlarhi yohlota. Kwalomu ka malembe ya 40,000 lamahundzeke, vanhu vasungule malotele yo vevuka leswaku vavumba mathulusi yo antswa.

==== Ndzilo ====
Matirhisele ya ndzilo macince maendlelo ya swilo swonghasi.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Crump, Thomas (2001). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  Kutshembiwa leswaku vanhu vasungule kutirhisa ndzilo kwalomu ka 1,000,000&amp;nbsp;BC;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;[http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&amp;id_site=915 &quot;Fossil Hominid Sites of Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai, and Environs&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; vativi vatidyondzo vatwanana leswaku vanhu vakhale vangava vasungule kutirhisa ndzilo kwalomu ka 500,000&amp;nbsp;BC na 400,000&amp;nbsp;BC.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;[http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab10 &quot;History of Stone Age Man&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310211601/http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab10 |date=2007-03-10 }}. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;James, Steven R. (February 1989). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ndzilo watihunyi namakhala, swipfune vanhu kusweka swakudya leswaku va antswisa magayelo yaswona naswona vaengetela swimilana na tinyama leti dyekaka.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Stahl, Ann B. (1984). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Swiambalo na Tiyindlu ====
Vutivi na vutshila byo endla swiambalo, ithekinoloji leyi landzeleke. Tiyindlu tavanhu vakhale tisungule kuantswisiwa naswona kwalomu ka malembe ya 380,000&amp;nbsp;BC, vanhu vakhale vasungule ku aka tiyindlu hitimhadzi.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;O'Neil, Dennis. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Villa, Paola (1983). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Swiambalo swa swikhumba swa swiharhi swipfune vanhu leswaku va ya aka etindzawini totitimela, hiswona leswivangeleke leswaku vanhu vasungula ku valanga vahangalaka na tiko nkulu ro Afrika kwalomu ka malembe ya 200,000&amp;nbsp;BC.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Cordaux, Richard; Stoneking, Mark (2003). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Malembe ya lexikarhi: 10,000 BC&amp;nbsp;– 300 AD ===
[[File:Néolithique_0001.jpg|thumb|Mathulusi ya maribye lamachukuchiweke kuhlanganisa na vuhlalu, swihloka na machizele yo boxa.]]
Thekinoloji yavanhu yisungule kuhluvuka no antswa swoghasi eka malembe yohetelela yakhale kuta haleno ka nguva leyitolovelekeke (Ano Domini). Kutirhisiwa ka mathulusi yamaribye lamachukuchuweke, swipfune vanhu leswaku vaendla mathulusi lama lotiweke kahle leswaku makota kutsema kahle. Swihloka swamaribye leswi chukuchiweke swi endle leswaku vanhu vakota to tsema misinya leyikulu no endla swirhapa swo rima. Vurimi byi cince mahanyele no antswisa vutomi bya vanhu swonghasi. Vurimi byi endle swikoteka to hlengeleta vanhu endzawini leyitsonga naswona vakota ku tihanyisa hiswakudya leswi vaswirimaka.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/01/060103114116.htm &quot;The First Baby Boom: Skeletal Evidence Shows Abrupt Worldwide Increase In Birth Rate During Neolithic Period&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Sussman, Robert W.; Hall, Roberta L. (April 1972). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mathulisi yansimbhi ====
Kuantswisiwa kaxihiso, swi tswale vutshila byo tirha hitinsimbhi.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Cramb, Alan W. [http://neon.mems.cmu.edu/cramb/Processing/history.html &quot;A Short History of Metals&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108015008/http://neon.mems.cmu.edu/cramb/Processing/history.html |date=2007-01-08 }}. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Nsuku, Koporo, nasiliva itinsimbhi leti vatihiseleke leswaku va endla mathulusi lamatiyeke no karhiha swinene.&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;326&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

==== Matimba yotirha na Vutleketli ====
[[File:Wheel_Iran.jpg|right|thumb|Vilwa ritumbuluxiwe kwalomu ka lembe ra 4000 BC.]]
Kutumbuluxiwa ka vilwa ku tise ku cinca loku kulu eka mahanyelo na vutomi bya vanhu. Aswitekanga nkarhi kutsumbula leswaku vilwa ringa pfuna ku endla golonyi leyinga tithisiwaka kurhwala swilo leswitikaka na kulwa tinyimpi. Thlandla kambirhi vilwa risungule kutirhisiwa kuphehla matimba kusuka eka matimba ya mati kuya eka matimba ya moya.

=== Mangula lawa: 300 AD&amp;nbsp;– Kufika namunthla ===
[[File:Late_model_Ford_Model_T.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px|Golonyi yosungula yi antswisa ndlela yamaendzo.]]
Thekinoloji yamanhuva lawa yihluvuke swonghasi loko hi ringanisa na tithekinoloji ta vanhu vakhale. Kutumbuluxiwa ka swilo leswi fanaka na bandhi ra hanci, swifambo swa timbongolo naswin'wana swi antswise ndlela yotleketla vanhu na mpahla. Kutumbuluxiwa ka swipirhi, swipanera, mabharha yo susumeta na tiwachi naswona swi antswise vutomi na mahanyele. Nhluvuko wa thekinoloji wu endla leswaku swakudya na swa mabindzi swi olova ku tleketliwa no xavisiwa hi kuolova.

Kusukela hi lembe-xidzana ra 18, kupfuriwa katinkomponi kupfune no hlohlotela kuantswisiwa ka tithekinoloji to tala,  ngopfungopfu eka vurimi, vuaki, timayini, swiceriwa na [[vutleketli]].  Thekinoloji yitlele yi antswisiwa hiku tsumburiwa ka kuphehla [[gezi]] leswaku kuvumbiwa motoro, malambhu yagezi naswina swohambana-hambana. Kuhluvuka ka vutivi bya Sayensi kutise nhluvuko wa swihaha-mpfuka, vutshunguri, tikhemikhali kuhlanganisa na vunjiniyeri. nhluvuko wa thekinoloji wu tise miako yo leha leswi endleke leswaku vanhu vakuma tindzawu to tshama. Tindlela to vulaula namabulo swi antswisiwe ngopfu hi kufika ka thelegrafi, riqingo, xiyanimoya na thelevixini.  Lembe-xidzana ra vu 19 nakusungula ka ravu 20, kutsumburiwe tindlela to antswisa vutleketli hi kutirhisa swihaha-mphfuka na timovha.

== Minkombo ya tluka ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Thekinoloji}}

[[Category:Thekinoloji]]</text>
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{{Navbox
&lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt;
| name = Thekinoloji
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| title = [[Thekinoloji]]
| bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = '''Vurimi :'''
| list1 =
[[Vurimi]] {{·}} [[Vurimi-Mati]] {{·}} [[Vufuwi bya tihlampfi]] {{·}} [[Vunjiniyela bya swakudya]] 

| group2 = '''Vuaki :'''
| list2 =
[[Vuvatli-vuaki]] {{·}} [[Vuaki bya swisekelo]] {{·}} [[Vuaki bya Misava]] {{·}} [[Vusirheleri bya ndzilo eka swiako]] {{·}} [[Gezi eka miako]]

| group3 = '''Matimba :'''
| list3 =
[[Gezi]] {{·}} [[Nyutliya]] {{·}} [[pharafeni]] {{·}} [[Makhala]] {{·}} [[Oyili]] {{·}} [[Matimba ya dyambu]] {{·}} [[Matimba yamoya]]

| group4 = '''Mbangu :'''
| list4 =
[[Ma]] {{·}} [[Nyutliya]] {{·}} [[pharafeni]] {{·}} [[Makhala]] {{·}} [[Oyili]]

| group5 = '''Tinkomponi :'''
| list5 =
[[Timayini]] {{·}} [[Vurhangeri bya vanhu]] {{·}} [[Vunjhiniyeri bya mabindzu]]

| group6 = '''Vutleketli :'''
| list6 =
[[Timovha]] {{·}} [[swihahampfuka]] {{·}} [[Swikepe]] {{·}} [[Vunjhiniyela bya ntlimbano watindlela]]

| below =
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Ntlawa:Thekinoloji]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="5068" sha1="kefakzhs1o8pg6yxkg2kqemtnd07yjt" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pangea_animation_03.gif|thumb|200x200px|Xifaniso lexi cincacincaka xa ndlela matiko-nkulu ma hambaneke hawona kufikela eka nkarhi wasweswi]]
[[File:Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg|right|thumb|[[e Curie|Marie Curie]] i munhu wosugula ku kuma masagwati mambirhi ya Nobel, Fiziksi hi 1903 na Khemistri hi 1911&lt;ref name=&quot;NobelFacts&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;[https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/ &quot;Nobel Prize Facts&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'''Sayensi''' indlela yotumbuluxa, kuaka no hlela vutivi byi andlaleka hindlela yo hlamusela no vhumba hi ta mbangu.&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;&quot;...&amp;nbsp;modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EOWilson&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWilson1999&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Wilson, Edward (1999). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Sayensi yihambanisiwa hi swiphemeu leswilandzelaka, [[Sayensi yantumbuluko]] leyi nga dyondzo hi ta misava leyivonakaka, [[Sayensi ya mahanyele]] ya vanhu leyi  dyondzo ya vanhu na switshungu, naswona kuva na [[Sayensi yaximfumo]] yo fana na [[Dyondzo-Tinhlayo]].&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;807&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Alhazen hi yena loyi a simekeke ndlela ya kambisisa swilo ya sayensi ematikweni ya vuxa-vukarhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Haq&quot;&gt;Haq, Syed (2009). &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sabra&quot;&gt;Sabra, A. I. (1989). &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.light2015.org/Home/ScienceStories/1000-Years-of-Arabic-Optics.html |access-date=2016-02-28 |archive-date=2014-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001171116/http://www.light2015.org/Home/ScienceStories/1000-Years-of-Arabic-Optics.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Matimu ==

Sayensi hikuya himongo wayona wo sungula akuri vito leri aritirhisiwa kuhlamusela vutivi byo karhi, kuhambana na dlela yokuma vutivi brokarhi. Hikukongoma imuhlovo wavutivi lebyi vaakatiko vakotaka to hlumausela no avelana hibyona. Hixikombiso, vutivi himatirhele ya swilo swantumbuluko byihlengeletiwe khale matimu yangase tsariwa etibukwini nswona byi tise tindlela to hleketa loku rharhanganeke. Leswi switikomba ekutumbuluxiweni ka tikhalendara leti rharhanganeke, tindlela to sweka swimilana leswingana vuxungu leswaku swudyeka, na ku aka miako yo leha kufana na tiphiramidi.&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;858&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

=== Ndlela ya endla Sayensi ===

Ndlela yo endla sayensi iku lava ku hlamusela swiendlakalo swantumbuluko hi kuengeta engeta.&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;[[:en:Science#CITEREFdi_Francia1976|di Francia 1976]]&lt;span&gt;, p.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;: &quot;The amazing point is that for the first time since the discovery of mathematics, a method has been introduced, the results of which have an intersubjective value!&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; kuvhumba vhumba indlela yin'wana ya sayensi yo hlanganiso switandzaku eka swivangelo.

loko vuvhumbi byi hambana naswutandzaku, bya thsikiwa ivikuvhumbiwa ndlela yinwana.&lt;span data-sourceid=&quot;cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005208_42-0&quot; class=&quot;mw-ref&quot; id=&quot;cxcite_ref-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005208_42-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;[[#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005208-42|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[29]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-sourceid=&quot;cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005208_42-0&quot; class=&quot;mw-ref&quot; id=&quot;cxcite_ref-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005208_42-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Kambe loko vutivi byikota kuvhumba switandhzaku naswona vumbhoni byikhomeka, vutivi byebyo bya engeteriwa eka swiyenge swa Sayensi leyi amukeriweke.&lt;span data-sourceid=&quot;cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005199.E2.80.93201_43-0&quot; class=&quot;mw-ref&quot; id=&quot;cxcite_ref-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005199.E2.80.93201_43-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;[[#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005199.E2.80.93201-43|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[30]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-sourceid=&quot;cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005199.E2.80.93201_43-0&quot; class=&quot;mw-ref&quot; id=&quot;cxcite_ref-FOOTNOTENolaIrzik2005199.E2.80.93201_43-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
=== Dyondzo-Tinhlayo na Sayensi ===

[[Dyondzo-Tinhlayo]] iyankoka ngopfu eka Sayensi. Dyondzo-Tinlhayo yifana na ririmi leri kotaka kuhlamusela Sayensi. Kuxopaxopa naku hlengeleta mimpimo kuhlanganisa na ku vhumba switandzaku swa Vutivi bya Sayensi hakanyingi swilava kutirhisiwa ka dyondzo-tinhlayo.&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;1227&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

=== Vavasati eka tidyondzo ta Sayensi ===

Sayensi hakanyingi yitale ku dyondziwa notirhisiwa hi vaxinuna kambe ahinkarhi hinkwawo.&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Women in science have included:
&lt;/ref&gt; Vavasati khale nakhaleni avatshamele ku langutana na xihlawuhlawu e mintirweni nale tidyondzweni ta Sayensi.&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Nina Byers,[http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/ Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics] which provides details on 83 female physicists of the 20th century. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bonnie Spanier, From Molecules to Brains, Normal Science Supports Sexist Beliefs About Differences, The Gender and Science Reader ( New York: Routledge 2001)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tinoti hi Sayensi ==
{{Reflist|2|group=nb}}

== Swikombo na mintshaho ==
{{reflist|3}}
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Juan de Nova Island''' a tiko ra [[Afrika]].  {{Afrika}}  [[Category:Afrika]]&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Bassis de India''' a tiko ra [[Afrika]].  {{Afrika}}  [[Category:Afrika]]&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Mayotte Island''' a tiko ra [[Afrika]].  {{Afrika}}  [[Category:Afrika]]&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Sao Tome &amp; Principe''' a tiko ra [[Afrika]] ([[United Kingdom]]).  {{Afrika}}  [[Category:Afrika]]&quot;</comment>
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        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Corsica''' a tiko ra [[France]].  {{Yuropa}}  [[Category:Yuropa]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27986</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" sha1="2hce48w3jldni2g2137u13rk5y23lrw" xml:space="preserve">'''Corsica''' a tiko ra [[France]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>2hce48w3jldni2g2137u13rk5y23lrw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sardinia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4390</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27991</id>
      <parentid>27987</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-01T15:53:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>27991</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="69" sha1="1ybr2iidyik3ll32trbkani81fkcyo2" xml:space="preserve">'''Sardinia''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>1ybr2iidyik3ll32trbkani81fkcyo2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kaliningrad</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4391</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27988</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-01T15:53:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Kaliningrad''' a tiko ra [[Russia]].  {{Yuropa}}  [[Category:Yuropa]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27988</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="72" sha1="43vhnyi3x5cqn6dxk5xy32o8wfcm5su" xml:space="preserve">'''Kaliningrad''' a tiko ra [[Russia]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>43vhnyi3x5cqn6dxk5xy32o8wfcm5su</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Crete</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4392</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27989</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-01T15:53:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Crete''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].  {{Yuropa}}  [[Category:Yuropa]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27989</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="66" sha1="7506ru1pjkvc8hn1xkme93y599audbf" xml:space="preserve">'''Crete''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>7506ru1pjkvc8hn1xkme93y599audbf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sicily</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4393</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33593</id>
      <parentid>27990</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-05-23T18:12:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gerd Eichmann</username>
        <id>6355</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gallery added</comment>
      <origin>33593</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="435" sha1="qmnn4eltka9wtfdh39v451lveaa43t5" xml:space="preserve">'''Sicily''' a tiko ra [[Yuropa]].
&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
Palermo-116-Kathedrale-1986-gje.jpg|Palermo
Ragusa-116-Daecher-1986-gje.jpg|Ragusa
Segesta-110-Tempel-von oben-1986-gje.jpg|Segesta
Selinunte-124-Tempel C-1986-gje.jpg|Selinunte
Agrigento-132-Castor und Pollux-Saeulen-1986-gje.jpg|Agrigento
Aetna-150-Kraterlandschaft-1986-gje.jpg|Aetna
Taormina-280-Strand im N-Halbinsel-1986-gje.jpg|Taormina
&lt;/gallery&gt;
{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>qmnn4eltka9wtfdh39v451lveaa43t5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Europe country templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4394</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27992</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-01T15:54:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created blank page</comment>
      <origin>27992</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rifuwo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4396</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28857</id>
      <parentid>27994</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-09-29T02:34:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Murbaut</username>
        <id>4602</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>28857</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" sha1="en1si8h8hfowj1pgjpkbborwm0698i6" xml:space="preserve">'''Rifuwo''' a [[Sayensi]].
{{stub}}
{{Sayensi}}

[[Category:Sayensi]]</text>
      <sha1>en1si8h8hfowj1pgjpkbborwm0698i6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Politiki</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4397</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28505</id>
      <parentid>27995</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-05-26T19:04:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>28505</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" sha1="npyszkwsnhe5koljksgk1fsui61m5pp" xml:space="preserve">'''Politiki''' i [[Sayensi]] ya mafumele ya vanhu.

{{Sayensi}}

[[Category:Sayensi]]</text>
      <sha1>npyszkwsnhe5koljksgk1fsui61m5pp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Sayensi</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4399</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27997</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-01T15:56:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created blank page</comment>
      <origin>27997</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ntivo-misava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4400</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27998</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-01T15:56:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Ntivo-misava''' a [[Sayensi]].  {{Sayensi}}  [[Category:Sayensi]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27998</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" sha1="6ze0ogmglhjx9i8smetne5ljfonohrs" xml:space="preserve">'''Ntivo-misava''' a [[Sayensi]].

{{Sayensi}}

[[Category:Sayensi]]</text>
      <sha1>6ze0ogmglhjx9i8smetne5ljfonohrs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ntivo-vuthlarhi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4401</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27999</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-01T15:57:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''' a [[Sayensi]].  {{Sayensi}}  [[Category:Sayensi]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>27999</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="71" sha1="bxkbjsro0c6nhbtk71nq579zrjfkoeh" xml:space="preserve">'''Ntivo-vuthlarhi''' a [[Sayensi]].

{{Sayensi}}

[[Category:Sayensi]]</text>
      <sha1>bxkbjsro0c6nhbtk71nq579zrjfkoeh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vuaki-vuxongi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4402</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28000</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-01T15:57:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Vuaki-vuxongi''' a [[Sayensi]].  {{Sayensi}}  [[Category:Sayensi]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28000</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="69" sha1="67nepr8db37yw6ei6abinlccizhmh9f" xml:space="preserve">'''Vuaki-vuxongi''' a [[Sayensi]].

{{Sayensi}}

[[Category:Sayensi]]</text>
      <sha1>67nepr8db37yw6ei6abinlccizhmh9f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vunjiniyela</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4403</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28001</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-01T15:57:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Victoire F.</username>
        <id>4360</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Vunjiniyela''' a [[Sayensi]].  {{Sayensi}}  [[Category:Sayensi]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28001</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="67" sha1="39ggc5s7aj37ig9mnydizs5ojdabpzi" xml:space="preserve">'''Vunjiniyela''' a [[Sayensi]].

{{Sayensi}}

[[Category:Sayensi]]</text>
      <sha1>39ggc5s7aj37ig9mnydizs5ojdabpzi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4405</id>
    <redirect title="Bosnia and Herzegovina" />
    <revision>
      <id>28934</id>
      <parentid>28005</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-01-25T03:19:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TAKASUGI Shinji</username>
        <id>4738</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]</comment>
      <origin>28934</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" sha1="m12yk10vyi05xglqiav8z04do43dwkn" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]</text>
      <sha1>m12yk10vyi05xglqiav8z04do43dwkn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Israyeli</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31886</id>
      <parentid>31000</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-03T12:17:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sayorimayu</username>
        <id>5796</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ftxed typo</comment>
      <origin>31886</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="813" sha1="qb2juomdmjcgn0qe4l5b9m190rsdtgf" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Israel.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem of Israel.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Israel|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Israel|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Israel - Location Map (2012) - ISR - UNOCHA.svg|300px]]
|}
[[File:ISR orthographic.svg|thumb|150px]]

'''Israyeli''' a tiko ra [[Asia]].

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>qb2juomdmjcgn0qe4l5b9m190rsdtgf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lebanon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4407</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31001</id>
      <parentid>28794</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-02-15T16:05:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added template</comment>
      <origin>31001</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="810" sha1="85kob5pcs12tqk5dd9ziwhbi8st07rv" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=200 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Lebanon'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;100px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;100px&quot; | [[File:Coat of Arms of Lebanon.svg|125px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;100px&quot; | ([[Flag of Lebanon|Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;100px&quot; | ([[Coat of Arms of Lebanon|Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Lebanon (orthographic projection).svg|300px]]
|}
'''Lebanon''' a tiko ra [[Asia]].

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>85kob5pcs12tqk5dd9ziwhbi8st07rv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Syria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4408</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40602</id>
      <parentid>39864</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-26T17:23:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziv</username>
        <id>11245</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>→ corr.</comment>
      <origin>40602</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="480" sha1="3kqzts09qacgs7s44mubnwtok0uxf0k" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Al-Jumhuriyah al-Arabiyah
al-Suriyah)
|mujeko             = Flag of Syria (2025-).svg
|coa                = Emblem of Syria (2025–present).svg
|image              = [[File:Syria (orthographic projection).svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Damasco
|official_languages = -
|area               = 185 180
|population         = 17 951 639
|year               = 2014
|density            = 99
}}
'''Syria''' a tiko ra [[Asia]].

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>3kqzts09qacgs7s44mubnwtok0uxf0k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>France</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4410</id>
    <redirect title="Furhwa" />
    <revision>
      <id>28028</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-02T19:16:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[France]] to [[Furhwa]]</comment>
      <origin>28028</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="5apudnkhkif59vedchskbrtnu5zh88i" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Furhwa]]</text>
      <sha1>5apudnkhkif59vedchskbrtnu5zh88i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vutshila</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4411</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39489</id>
      <parentid>29859</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-12T10:03:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Spelling and orthography changes</comment>
      <origin>39489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2994" sha1="r93c8297tu6jpko4ej7kzh4cr5vfynh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Hans_Rottenhammer_-_Allegory_of_the_Arts_-_WGA20147.jpg|thumb|Hans Rottenhammer, ''hlengelo wa ta vutshila''. Gemäldegalerie, Berlin]]
'''Ta Vutshila''' ti yimela kutiphofula ka matitwele, naswona hakanyingi ti hlohloteriwa hi [[ndhavuko]] ivi tithlela ti hlohlotela ku cinca ka ndhavuko. Mintlawakulu ya ta vutshila yi hlanganisa [[Matsalwa]] - lama hlanganisaka Vuthlokovetseri, tinovhele na Mitlango yo koma; [[Mintlangu-Vutshila|Mitlango-Vutshila]] - exikarhi ka yona kuna vuyimbeleri, ncino, na mitlango ya le rivaleni; [[Vutshila bya vusweki]] byi hlanganisa ku bhaka, ku sweka vulombe na ku vhuvela Wayini; [[Vutshila bya Mahungu]] tani hi kuteka swinepe na ku rhekhoda filimi, ivi ku hetelela hi ntlawa wa [[Vutshila bya leswi voniwaka]] - byi hlanganisa ku pfapfarhuta na vuvatli.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Arts.html &quot;Arts&quot;].  In David R. Henderson (ed.). ''Concise Encyclopedia of Economics'' (2nd ed.). Indianapolis: Library of Economics and Liberty. ISBN&amp;nbsp;978-0865976658.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Hikukomisa, ta vutshila ti nga hlamuseriwa tanihi tindlela to phofula matitwele na vuswikoti leswaku byivoniwa hi mani na mani. Ndlela yo phofula na yona yi nga vuriwa vutshila hiyoxe.

Xihlamusela mariti xa xinghezi lexi gandlisiweke hi Collins, xihlamusela 'vutshila' kuri &quot;Rhavi ra vutivi leri havaka Sayensi, naswona ri tirhisaka mihleketo yo tumbuluxa swilo swintshwa. Ngopfu ngopfu loko rhavi leri ra vutivi ri dyondzeriwa kunene.&lt;ref&gt;Collins English Dictionary&lt;/ref&gt; Riviti 'Vutshila' rihlamuseriwa eka Insaytlilophediya ya xi Ayrishi hindlela leyi landzelaka: &quot;Vutshila byi vumbiwa loko muvatli (kumbe n'wa-tavutshila) a vumba xilo xo saseka, kumbe a endla xiendlo lexi khumbaka vahlaleri (kumbe vayingiseri) naswona xiendlo lexi xi endliwe hi vutshila.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopedia of Arts Education&lt;/ref&gt; Ku engetela kwalaho xihlamusela marito lexi xiri:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Vutshila i mugingiriko lowu khumbaka mitlawa yo tala naswona leswi swi tikomba hi marito lama hlayeke lama hlamuselaka minxakaxaka ya ta vutshila. Swikombiso swihlanganisa: ''Vutshila bya vupfapfarhuti'', ''vutshila bya leswi voniwaka'', ''Vutshila bya swa vukhavisi'', na swin'wana leswi yelanaka.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Matimu ==
Kusukela eka Griki ya khale, kuya eka Varhoma va khale, vutshila abyinga hambanisiwi hi mintlawa leyi hlayiweke ehenhla. Vutshila bya pfapfarhuta kumbe ku vatla a byi tekeriwa enhlokweni loko byi kombisa xiyimo xa xiharhi kumbe munhu hi ndlela yo saseka.

Hambi leswi vutshila lebyi amukeriweke byi tale kuva bya matiko-nkulu ya Amerika na Yuropa, Matiko-nkulu ya Afrika na Axiya na wona ma na tinxakanxaka ta vutshila lebyi hambaneke naswona lebyi sasekeke.

== Mintlawa ya ta Vuthsila ==
Hintolovelo, ta vutshila ti hambanisiwa hi swiyenge swa knombo leswi landzelaka: [[Vutshila byo aka]], [[Vuvatli]], [[Vupfapfarhuti]], [[Vuyimbeleri]], [[Vuthlokovetseri]], [[Ncino]], [[Tifilimi]].

== Minthsaho ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Vutshila}}
[[Category:Vutshila]]</text>
      <sha1>r93c8297tu6jpko4ej7kzh4cr5vfynh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Vutshila</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4412</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28043</id>
      <parentid>28042</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-02T20:31:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>28043</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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| liststyle = text-align:left;
| group1 = [[Matsalwa]]
| list1 = [[Vuthlokovetseri]] • [[Tinovhele]] • [[Mintlangu yo koma]]

| group2 =  [[Mintlangu-Vutshila]]
| list2 =  [[Vuyimbeleri]] • [[Ncino]] • [[Mintlango ya le rivaleni]]

| group3 = [[Vutshila bya vusweki]]
| list3 = [[Kubhaka]] • [[Wayini]] • [[Chokoleti]]

| group4 = [[Vutshila bya Mahungu]]
| list4 = [[kuteka swinepe]] • [[Tifilimi]]

| group5 = [[Vutshila bya leswi voniwaka]]
| list5 = [[Kupfapfarhuta]] • [[Vuvatli]]
| below = 
}}</text>
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    <title>Italy</title>
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    <title>Russia</title>
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    <title>China</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Malexiya</title>
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      <timestamp>2018-02-17T04:56:53Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="528" sha1="9ofjxary2nzn3xo2bgu335hyppt15i3" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Malaysia
|mujeko             = Flag of Malaysia.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg
|image              = [[File:Malaysia (orthographic projection).svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Kuala Lumpur
|official_languages = -
|area               = 330 803
|population         = 31 852 000
|year               = 2018
|density            = 138
}}
'''Malaysia''' a tiko ra [[Asia]]. Exikarhi ka lembe ra 2018, xa Malaysia a wuri kwalomu ka 31.8 wa timilliyoni.

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ririmi</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>28110</id>
      <parentid>28109</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-06T11:04:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>/* Minkombo ya le handle */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4731" sha1="orhrppdshxdmeqrce640grr1lc2cri9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Cuneiform_script2.png|thumb|Cuneiform imuxaka wosungula wa ririmi leri tsariweke.]]
[[File:Place_des_Abbesse_(the_plaque_with_the_je_t'aime=te_iubesc_in_311_laguages).jpg|thumb|Khumbi ra Rirhandzu e dorobheni ra Pharisi, laha xivula lexinge &quot;Ndzakurhandza&quot; xitsariweke hi tindzimi ta misava ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://www.travelfranceonline.com/wall-of-love-mur-des-je-taime-montmartre/|title=Wall of Love&amp;nbsp;– Mur des Je t'aime&amp;nbsp;– Montmartre|publisher=Travel France Online|accessdate=30 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
&lt;!-- [[File:Encyclopedia_of_Language_and_Linguistics.png|thumb|Encyclophediya ya tindzimi na tidyondzo ta tindzimi]] --&gt;

'''Ririmi''' ivuswikoti byo tirhisa tindlela to [[vulavula]], ngopfungopfu vuswikoti byo vulavula exikarhi ka [[vanhu]]. Tidyondzo ta Sayensi to vulavula ti vuriwa [[dyondzo-ririmi]]. &lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;46&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Tindzimi leti vulavuriwaka emisaveni hinkwayo tihlayiwa kwalomu ka magidi-nthlanu (5,000) kuya eka magidi-nkombo (7,000). Hambi swiritano, nhlayo leyi yinga hambana hikuya hi ku hlawula exikarhi xa tindzimi na [[tindzin'wana]] leti humaka eka tindzimi naswona ti yelana. Tindzimi ta ndhavuko tavulavuriwa naswona tithlela ti fungiwa, hambiswiritano swakoteka to hundzuluxa ririmi riyisiwa eka tindlela tin'wana to hundzisa marungula tani hi swifaniso kumbe [[brayili]], kumbe [[noti]]. Hikuya himalangutele ya munhu, nhlamuselo ya ririmi yinga hlanganisa na vuswikoti byo dyondza no tirhisa maendlelo yo hundzisa marungula kumbe kuvulavula exikarhi ka vanhu. Tindzimi hiknwato to tisimekiwa eka ndlela yo hlanganisa mifungo na nhlamuselo yokarhi. Tindzimi kuhlanganisa na ririmi ra mavoko, ti fuma ndlela leyi marito ma hleriwaka hayona kuvumba swivulwa kumbe marungula.

Tindzimi ta vanhu tina tinhlamuselo ta migingiriko, kuvuyelela na vundhzawu naswona ti titshege eka vanhu lava tivulavulaka na lava ti dyondzaka. Ndlela leyi ririmi leri vulavuriwaka hi vanhu ri hleriweke hayona ri hlanganisa swivulwa swo tala ngopfu kutlula leswisinga kona eka tindzimi ta swiharhi. Ku ehleketiwa leswaku ririmi ringava risungerile loko vanhu vakhale va sungula ku antswisa tindlela ta vona to hundziselana marungula, naswona vasungula ku vhumba mihleketo na swikongomelo swa van'wana.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Language#CITEREFTomasello1996|Tomasello (1996)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hauser 2002&quot;&gt;[[:en:Language#CITEREFHauserChomskyFitch2002|Hauser, Chomsky &amp;#x26; Fitch (2002)]]&lt;/ref&gt;  Kuhluvuka loku kungava ku hatlane na ku kula ka mabyongo naswona ku anerisa xilaveko xa kuhanya swin'we tani hi rixaka. Vanhu vadyondza kuvulavula hi ku ringisa van'wana loko vahari vana, naswona tincece hakanyingi tidyondza kuvulavula loku twalaka loko tiri namalembe manharhu hivukhale. Ririmi i rankoka ngopfu eka mahanyele ya vanhu, hikwalaho ehenhleni ka ku tirhisiwa kuvulavula, rithlela ri tirha kuhlawulekisa vanhu hirixaka naswona rithlela ritirhisiwa ku hungasa.&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Ririmi rakula naswona rithlela ti anama hikuhundza ka nkarhi, naswona matimu ya ku cinca ka ririmi manga landzeleriwa hiku ringanisa tindzimi leti vulavulriwaka namunthla na takhale, leswaku ku twisisiwa swiyenge leswi tindzimi ti akiweke no kurisiwa eka swona. Nxaxamelo wa tindzimi leti humaka eka ririmi rokarhi wuvitiwa [[ndyangu wa ririmi]]. [[Ndyangu wa tindzimi ta Indo-Yuropa|Ndyangu wa Indo-Yuropa]] hiwona lowu nga na tindzimi leti vulavuriwaka ngopfu naswona wuhlanganisa Xinghezi, Xirhaxiya na xi Hindi; [[Ndyangu wa Sino-Tibhethi]] wuhlanganisa xiMandarini an tindzimi tin'wana ta xiChayina na Xitibhethi; [[Ndyangu wa Afro-Axiya]] wu hlanganisa XiArabhu, XiSomali na Xiheveru; Tindzimi ta [[Vanhu va nkava wa Afrika]] ti hlanganisa XiSwahili, Xizulu na madzana ya tindzimi leti vulavuriwa e [[Afrika]]; Kasi Ndyangu wa Malayi-Polinexiya wuhlanganisa Xi-Indonexiya, XiMaleyi, XiTagalo na madzana ya tindzimi leti vulavuriwaka e [[Phasifiki]]; Ndyangu wa Dravidiyani wona wuhlanganisa Xithamili na XiThelugu. Van'wa tidyondzo va vhumba leswaku kwalomu ka 50% ku ya eka 90% ya tindzimi leti a tivulavuriwa ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana ra makume-mbirhi-n'we (21) manga manyamalarile hi lembe ra 2100.&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;147&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

== Minkombo ya le handle ==
* [http://wals.info/ World Atlas of Language Structures: a large database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/ Ethnologue: Languages of the World] inxaxamelo wa tindzimi leti tiviwaka naswona leti hanyaka emisaveni hinkwayo
* Beth Skwarecki, &quot;Vana vadyondza kutwisisa marito exivelekweni&quot;, ''[[Sayensi|Science]]'', 26 August 2013

[[Category:Tindzimi]]</text>
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|name               = Arjentina&lt;br&gt;''Argentina''
|mujeko             = Flag of Argentina.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of Argentina.svg
|image              = [[File:Argentina orthographic.svg|190px]]
|Ntsindza           = Buenos Aires
|official_languages = [[Xipaniya]]
|area               = 2 780 400
|population         = 43 131 966
|year               = 2015
|density            = 15,51
}}
[[File:ViñedoCafayate.jpg|thumb|left|Salta]]
'''Arjentina''' a tiko ra [[Amerikha yale N'walungu]].

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      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[Ndzhavuko]]</comment>
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    <title>Matimu ya misava</title>
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      <text bytes="10498" sha1="c4n0tvzoimk9cws86lpb5g9ep09wnki" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Lascaux 04.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa lebakwini ra le Furhwa]]
[[File:Da Vinci Vitruve Luc Viatour.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Da Vinci]]
[[File:Ife Kings Head.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa bronzi xa le Yoruba xa hosi yamu Ife]]

'''Matimu ya Misava''' inhlamuselo ya  '''Matimu ya vanhu''' hi kuya hi tidyondzo ta kucela tindzhawu ta khale kulanganisa na matsalwa lamahlayisiweke. Matimu ya khale ka khaleni masungula hi tsumbula ndlela yo tsala.&lt;ref&gt;According to David Diringer (&quot;Writing&quot;, ''Encyclopedia Americana'', 1986 ed., vol. 29, p. 558), &quot;Writing gives permanence to men's knowledge and enables them to communicate over great distances.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WebsterWH&quot;&gt;Webster, H. (1921). &lt;/ref&gt; Hambiswiritano, timintsu ta nhluvuko tiente kuya endzhaku ngopfu kufikela eka [[thekinoloji]] ya khale na [[ndhzavuko]] wakona. nguva ya kusungula ka matimu yi sunguriwa eka &quot;nguva yosungula ya Maribye&quot; , leyi landzeriwaka hi &quot;nguva ya vumbirhi ya maribye&quot;, naswona yihlanganisa na nguva ya vurimi (Exikarhi ka 8000 na 5000 BCE). Nguva leyi yitise ku cinca loku kulu eka matimu ya vanhu, hikuva vanhu va sungule ku khatalela no hlakulela swibyariwa (swimilana) na swiharhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tudge&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|last=Tudge|first=Colin|authorlink=Colin Tudge|title=[[Neanderthals, Bandits and Farmers|Neanderthals, Bandits and Farmers: How Agriculture Really Began]]|date=1998|publisher=Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson|location=London|isbn=0-297-84258-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bellwood, Peter. (2004). &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Mark Nathan (1977) ''The Food Crisis in Prehistory: Overpopulation and the Origins of Agriculture'', New Haven and London: Yale University Press. &lt;/ref&gt; Vurimi byi antswisiwile naswona leswi swi endle leswaku vanhu va cinca eka mahanyele ya ku valanga ku ya eka mahanyele ya vurimi naswona va tshama endhzawini yin'we. Kuvalanga kuyile emahlweni  e tindzhawini tin'wana ta misava ngopfu ngopfu etinzhawini leti tumbeleke naswona tirina swimilana switsongo leswi dyekaka;&lt;ref&gt;See Jared Diamond, ''Guns, Germs and Steel''.&lt;/ref&gt; kambe vusirheleleki na ntshovelo lowu tlakukeke wa vurimi swi endle leswaku mintlawa ya va akatiko va ndlandlamuxa miganga naswona va pfuniwak hi ku antswisiwa ka swa [[vutleketli]].

Ku antswisiwa ka vurimi ku tise tindlela letinthswa ta ku hlayisa mavele na tinyunge tin'wana leti tisaka ntsovelo lowunene, naswona leswi swi endle leswaku nkavelo wa mintirho wu sunguriwa na ku hlayisa mavele exikarhi ka tinguva to byala. Nkavelo wa ntirho wu simeke swiyenge swa vanhu naswona wu tumbuluxa madorobha. Kurharhangana loku kulaka ka miganga ya vanhu ku tswale tindlela to tsala na tinhlayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;DSB-AO&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|author=Schmandt-Besserat, Denise|authorlink=Denise Schmandt-Besserat|title=Signs of Life|journal=Archaeology Odyssey|date=January–February 2002|url=https://webspace.utexas.edu/dsbay/Docs/SignsofLife.pdf|pages=6–7, 63}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madorobha yotala masimekiwe emabuweni ya milambu; kusungula hi 3000 BCE tindhzawu to tshama leti sasekeke ti akiwile e tikweni ra Mesopotamiya,&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill-Sumer&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|last=McNeill|first=William H.|authorlink=William Hardy McNeill|title=A World History|origyear=1967|edition=4th|date=1999|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|isbn=0-19-511615-1|page=15|chapter=In The Beginning}}&lt;/ref&gt; e ribuweni ra [[nambu wa Nayli]] e [[Gibita]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite book|author1=[[John Baines (Egyptologist)|Baines, John]]|author2=Jaromir Malek|title=The Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt|edition=revised|publisher=Facts on File|date=2000|isbn=0-8160-4036-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite book|last=Bard|first=KA|title=Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Routledge|location=NY, NY|date=1999|isbn=0-415-18589-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;grimal1992&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|first=Nicolas|last=Grimal|title=A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Blackwell Books|date=1992|isbn=0-631-19396-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; ribuwa ra nambu wa Indusi ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite book|editor=Allchin, Raymond|editor-link=F. Raymond Allchin|date=1995|title=The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States|location=New York|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite book|first=D. K.|last=Chakrabarti|date=2004|title=Indus Civilization Sites in India: New Discoveries|publisher=Marg Publications|location=Mumbai|isbn=81-85026-63-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite book|editor-link=Ahmad Hasan Dani|editor-last=Dani|editor-first=Ahmad Hasan|editor2-last=Mohen|editor2-first=J-P.|date=1996|title=History of Humanity, Volume III, From the Third Millennium to the Seventh Century BC|location=New York/Paris|publisher=Routledge/UNESCO|isbn=0-415-09306-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; na milambu leyi kulu ya [[Chayina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;National Gallery of Art&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=https://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/chbro_bron.shtm|title=The Golden Age of Chinese Archaeology&amp;nbsp;— Bronze Age|work=Exhibitions at the National Gallery of Art|location=Washington, DC|accessdate=12 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/ancient1.html|title=The Ancient Dynasties|publisher=University of Maryland|accessdate=12 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lee&quot;&gt;Yun Kuen Lee, &quot;Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History&quot;. &lt;/ref&gt;

Matimu ya misava ya khale (ngopfu ngopfu Yuropa na Meditera) ma hambanisiwa hi Matimu yaxikhale kufika eka 476 CE; &quot;Malembe yale xikarhi&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/|title=Internet Medieval Sourcebook Project|publisher=Fordham.edu|accessdate=18 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://www.the-orb.net/|title=The Online Reference Book of Medieval Studies|publisher=The-orb.net|accessdate=18 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kusukela eka lembe-xidzana ravunthlanu (5) kuya eka ravu khume na ntlhanu, kuhlanganisa na nguva ya nsuku ya vuIslamu (c. 750 CE&amp;nbsp;– c. 1258 CE) ku hlanganisa na Malembe ya kupfuxelela ka Ithali (kusungula kwalomu ka 1300 CE);&lt;ref&gt;Burckhardt, Jacob (1878), [http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/hy309/docs/burckhardt/burckhardt.html ''The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy''], trans S.G.C Middlemore, republished in 1990 [[:en:Special:BookSources/014044534X|ISBN 0-14-044534-X]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921145058/http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/hy309/docs/burckhardt/burckhardt.html Archived]&lt;span&gt; 21 September 2008 at the &lt;/span&gt;Wayback Machine&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh.html|title='&amp;#39;The Cambridge Modern History. Vol 1: The Renaissance (1902)|publisher=Uni-mannheim.de|accessdate=18 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; nguva yo sungula,&lt;ref name=&quot;rice1970&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|last=Rice|first=Eugene, F., Jr.|title=The Foundations of Early Modern Europe: 1460–1559|date=1970|publisher=W.W. Norton &amp; Co.|authorlink=Eugene F. Rice, Jr.}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusukela eka lembe-xidzana ra vukhume nthlanu (15) kuya eka khume-nhungu (18), laha ku hlanganisiwa na nguva ya kuvoningeriwa, kusuka eka nguva ya tinkomponi kuta fika sweswi.&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;215&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Exikarhi ka lembe-xidzana ra khume-nthlanu (15), kutsumburiwa ka vugandlisi bya tibuku,&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|accessdate=20 May 2008|url=http://www.open2.net/historyandthearts/discover_science/gberg_synopsis.html|title=What Did Gutenberg Invent?|publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku hluvukise tindlela ko hundzisa marungula, naswona ku hetisa nguva ya malembe yale xikarhi ivi kusungula nguva ya migingiriko Sayensi.&lt;ref&gt;Grant, Edward. &lt;/ref&gt; Hikwalomu ka lembe-xidzana ra vu khume-nhungu (18), kuhlengeletiwa ka [[vutivi]] na [[thekinoloji]], ngopfo ngopfu e Yuropa, swifikile e manembeleleni naswona swi sungula nguva ya tinkomponi.&lt;ref&gt;More; Charles. &lt;/ref&gt;  Ehandle ka misava yakhale, kuhlanganisa na [[Chayina]] wakhale&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://www.automaticfreeweb.com/index.cfm?s=ancientasianworld|title=Ancient Asian World|publisher=Automaticfreeweb.com|accessdate=18 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; na [[Indiya]] yakhale, matimu ya ololoke hi kuhambana lokukulu. Hambi swiritano, hi lembe-xidzana ra makhume-nhungu (18), matimu ya minhluvuko ya vanhu leyi hamba-hambaneke yisungule ke hlangana hikwalaho ka swamabindzu ya misava na vukolonyi. Eka kotara yo hetelela ya lembe-xidzana, kukula ka nhlayo ya vanhu, vutivi, thekinoloji, swamabindzu, Mathlarhi ya tinyimpi, na ku thyakisiwa ka mbangu ku ye mahlweni hirivilo lerikulu swonghasi.&lt;ref&gt;British astrophysicist and Astronomer Royal Martin Rees says:  &quot;Throughout history our ancestors have confronted risks:  pestilence, storms, earthquakes and human-induced disasters.  &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Climate change,&quot; writes Yale University economics professor William D. Nordhaus, &quot;has become the premier environmental [problem] facing the globe.  &lt;/ref&gt;

== Hlaya nakambe leswi landzelaka ==
* Louis-Henri FOURNET, &quot;Diagrammatic Chart of World History&quot;,  Editions Sides (1986), [[:en:Special:BookSources/9782868610966|ISBN 978-2-868-61096-6]]
* David Landes, ''The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor'', New York, W. W. Norton &amp; Company (1999), [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780393318883|ISBN 978-0-393-31888-3]]
* David Landes, [http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.20.2.3 &quot;Why Europe and the West?] [http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.20.2.3 Why Not China?&quot;], ''Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 20:2, 3, 2006.
* William H. McNeill, ''The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community'', Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1963.
* Larry Gonick, ''The Cartoon History of the Universe'', Volume One, Main Street Books, 1997, [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780385265201|ISBN 978-0-385-26520-1]], Volume Two, Main Street Books, 1994, [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780385420938|ISBN 978-0-385-42093-8]], Volume Three, W. W. Norton &amp; Company, 2002, [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780393324037|ISBN 978-0-393-32403-7]].

== Swikombisi swa lehandle ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9 Crash Course World History]
* British Museum - [http://www.britishmuseum.org/channel/object_stories/a_history_of_the_world.aspx A History of the World]
* [http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology/photos/gobekli-tepe/ Gobekli Tepe] - World's known first temple 15000 BC
* Pella, John &amp; Erik Ringmar, [https://web.archive.org/web/20141226114621/http://69.164.215.25/irhistory/ History of International Relations Open Textbook Project], Cambridge: Open Book, forthcoming.

== Tinoti ==
{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Matimu]]</text>
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    <title>Nxaxamelo wa matsalwa lawa Wikiphediya ya xi Afrika yifaneleke kuva na wona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>29131</id>
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      <text bytes="1280" sha1="sg7b6donivbh2580arqca64m7wk8hym" xml:space="preserve">== Matimu ==
* [[Matimu ya Afrika]]
* [[Mphika-makaneta yo fuma Afrika]]
* [[Matimu ya tamabindzu ya Afrika]]
* [[Kulwela ntshuxeko wa Afrika]]
* [[Lembe ra Afrika]]

== Ntivo-mbangu ==
* [[Ntivo-mbangu wa Afrika]] -- Geography of Africa
* [[Nxaxamelo wa Milambu ya Afrika]] -- List of rivers of Africa
* [[Nxaxamelo ya Swirhenge swa Afrika]] -- List of regions of Africa

== Politiki ==
* [[Nhlangano wa Afrika]] -- African Union
* [[Vu-Afrika]] -- Pan-Africanism

== Ta mabindzu na Mfuwo ==
* [[Mfuwo wa Afrika]] -- Economy of Africa
* [[Mfuwo wa nhlangano wa Afrika]] -- Economy of the African Union
* [[Va akatiko va swamabindzu ya Afrika]] -- African Economic Community
* [[Bangi ya vuhluvikisi bya Afrika]] -- African Development Bank

== Va aka-tiko ==
* [[Ndhzavuko wa Afrika]] -- Culture of Africa
* [[Vu aki bya Afika]] -- Architecture of Africa
* [[Vutshila bya Afrika]] -- African art
* [[Swakudya swa Afrika]] -- African cuisine
* [[Matsalwa ya Afrika]] -- African literature
* [[Vuyimbeleri bya Afrika]] -- Music of Africa
* [[Vukhongeri e Afrika]] -- Religion in Africa
* [[Swi ambalo swa Afrika]] -- Clothing in Africa
* [[Vuyimbeleri lebyi dumeke bya Afrika]] -- African popular music
* [[Ta mintlangu e Afrika]] -- Sport in Africa


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    <title>Vanhu</title>
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      <comment>abyi... to a va...</comment>
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      <text bytes="8934" sha1="tk1v9kqqu6yx8ahbbz6b39me37z14rw" xml:space="preserve">{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;  style=&quot;width:300px; float:right; border:1px solid gray; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:100%; margin:0 0 .5em 1em;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:Lightgrey; text-align:center;&quot;| Mintsengo ya mintlawa ya Vanhu
|-
| Ntsengo wa vanhu
| 7.3&amp;nbsp; wa tibhiliyoni
|-
|Ntlimbano wa vanhu
|12.7 per km² (4.9&amp;nbsp;mi²) kuya hi vundhzawu&lt;br /&gt;43.6 per km² (16.8&amp;nbsp;mi²) ku ya tiko
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | Madorobha lamakulu ya Misava
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |  &lt;small&gt;[[Beijing]], [[Bogotá]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Cairo]], [[Delhi]], [[Dhaka]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Istanbul]], [[Jakarta]], [[Karachi]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Kolkata]], [[Lagos]], [[Lima]], [[London]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Manila]], [[Mexico City]], [[Moscow]], [[Mumbai]], [[New York City]], [[Osaka]], [[Paris]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[São Paulo]], [[Seoul]], [[Shanghai]], [[Shenzhen]], [[Tehran]], [[Tianjin]], [[Tokyo]], [[Wuhan]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | Tindimi leti vulavuriwaka hixitalo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size |title=Statistical Summaries |publisher=Ethnologue |accessdate=2011-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Xichayina]], [[Xipanichi]], [[Xinghezi]], [[Xihindi]], [[Xi-Arabhu]], [[Xiputukezi]], [[Xibengali]], [[Xirhaxiya]], [[Xijapani]], [[Xijavha]], [[Xijarimani]], [[Xilanda]], [[Xitelugu]], [[Ximarathi]], [[Xitamili]], [[Xifurhwa]], [[Xiviyetinamu]], [[Xikhoriya]], [[Xi-Urdu]], [[Xitariyani]], [[Ximalaya]], [[XiPerso]], [[XiThekhi]], [[Xipholixi]], [[Xi-Oriya]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| Mintlawa leyi kulu yaVukhongeri&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html |title=CIA – The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2010-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;[[Vukreste]], [[Vu-Islami]], [[VuHindu]], [[VuBhudha]], [[VuSikhi]], [[VuYuda]], [[VuBhahayi]]&lt;/small&gt;
|}
[[File:Akha cropped hires.JPG|thumb|Wanuna na N'wansati vale Thayilandi]]
'''Vanhu''' vamanguva lawa (''Homo sapiens'') hikuya hi [[Sayensi]] imuxaka wa rhavi ra swiharhi ra Hominina (Vanhu), leri riyelanaka na ntlawa wa timfenhe. Riviti ra Xilatini, &quot;''homō&quot;'' rivula &quot;munhu&quot; kumbe &quot;munhu wa laha misaveni&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Porkorny (1959) s.v. &quot;g'hðem&quot; pp. 414–416; &quot;Homo.&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; naswona &quot;''sapiens&quot;''  yivula &quot;kuthlariha&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Homo+sapiens&amp;allowed_in_frame=0|title=''Homo sapiens'' Etymology|publisher=''[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]''|accessdate=25 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vanhu vahlawulekisiwa eka timfenhe hi mafambele na mayimele ya vona, kuhlanganisa na vuswikoti byo tirhisa mathulusi ku endla mintirho yo hambana hambana, naswona va na mabyongo lama kulukumba loko maringanisiwa na swiharhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|author=Goodman M, Tagle D, Fitch D, Bailey W, Czelusniak J, Koop B, Benson P, Slightom J|title=Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids|journal=J Mol Evol|volume=30|issue=3|pages=260–266|year=1990|pmid=2109087|doi=10.1007/BF02099995}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|title=Hominidae Classification|work=Animal Diversity Web @ UMich|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Hominidae.html|accessdate=2006-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swimunhwana swo sungula, hakanyingi a swi hlayiwi swiri vanhu —ngopfungopfu australopithecines, leswi a swiri namabyongo na kuakeka ka miri loku yelanaka na timfenhe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|author=Tattersall Ian, Schwartz Jeffrey|year=2009|title=Evolution of the Genus Homo|url=|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences|volume=37|issue=|pages=67–92|doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100202}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swotala eka swimunhwana leswi aswiiswikota ku tirhisa ndzilo, naswona aswi ake no tshama eka tindhzawu totala ta tiko-nkulu ra Yuraxiya, naswona hiswona swi tswaleke muxaka wa vanhu va manguva lawa (''Homo sapiens) e'' [[Afrika]] kwalomu ka 200,000 wa malembe lamahundzeke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|author=Antón Susan C., Swisher Carl C., III|year=2004|title=Early Dispersals of homo from Africa|url=|journal=Annual Review of Anthropology|volume=33|issue=|pages=271–296|doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.144024|last2=Swisher}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|author=Trinkaus Erik|year=2005|title=Early Modern Humans|url=|journal=Annual Review of Anthropology|volume=34|issue=|pages=207–30|doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.030905.154913}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swisungule ku kombisa mahanyelo yohluvuka kwalomu ka 50,000 wa malembe lamahundzeke. Vanhu vamanguva lawa vasungule ku valanga na tiko nkulu ra Afrika ivi va hangalaka na misava hinkwayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;evolutionthe1st4billionyears&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|title=Evolution: The First Four Billion Years|author=McHenry, H.M|chapter=Human Evolution|editors=Michael Ruse &amp; Joseph Travis|year=2009|publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=978-0-674-03175-3|page=265}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuhangalaka ka vanhu na ku andza ka nhlayo yavona  kavanyete mbangu na swimilana kuhlanganisa na swiharhi switala emisaveni. Ku humelala ka vanhu ku suka eka mabyongo ya vona lamakulu lama endleke leswaku vaswikota ku anakanya mianakanyo leyi rharhanganeke, [[Ririmi|tindzimi]], kuthlanthla swiphiqo, ku vumba rixaka na [[ndhzavuko]] hi kuya hi ku ringisa van'wana. Vanhu vana switirhisiwa swotala leswi va switirhisaka kutlula swiharhi, naswona hi vona ntsena vakotaka ku tshivela ndzilo no sweka swakudya swa vona, nakambe hivona ntsena va ambalaka swi ambalo vathlela va tumbuluxa no tirhisa [[thekinoloji]] na [[vutshila]].  

Vanhu vana vuswikoti lebyi kulu byo tirhisa mimfungo ku hundzisa marungula (tani hi ririmi na vutshila) leswaku vatiphofula na avelana miehleketo, naswona vathlela va ti hlawula hi swiyenge leswi ngana xikongomela xokarhi. Vanhu va tumbuluxe swiyimiso swa mahanyele leswi rharhanganeke leswi akiwaka hi mintlawa leyi tirhisanaka kumbe leyi luthanaka, kusukela eka ndyangu, vuxaka na politiki.&lt;ref&gt;Marshall T. Poe A History of Communications: Media and Society from the Evolution of Speech to the Internet. &lt;/ref&gt;  kunavela vutivi na ku navela kutwisisa na hlohlotela mbangu naswona vathlela va navela ku kongomisa swiendlakalo, swi tumbuluxe vutivi bya Sayensi, Filosofi, swiyilana na man'wana marhavi ya vutivi.

Hambi leswi vutomi bya vanhu vo tala a va tiseketela ni ku tihanyisa hi vuhloti na mintlawa ya vavalangi,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/topic/hunting-and-gathering-culture &quot;Hunting and gathering culture&quot;]. &lt;/ref&gt;  nhlayo leyikulaka ya vanhu yi sungule to tihanyisa hi Vurimi na Swifuwo, kwalomu ka 10,000 wa malembe lamahundzeke,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.ancient.eu/Neolithic/ Neolithic]&quot;. &lt;/ref&gt; naswova leswi va endle leswaku va kota ku simeka nhluvuko. Mintlawa leyi ya va aka tiko yi yemahlweni yi ndlandlamuka leswi endleke leswaku yi simeka mfumo, vukhongeri na ndhzavuko emisaveni hinkwayo, hiku endla tano swi hlanganisa vanhu hi miganga leswaku va aka matiko na mimfumo. Nhluvuko lowu tisiweke hi ta sayensi na vutshunguri eka malembe-xidzana ya khume-nkaye (19) na makume-mbirhi (20), swi tise tithekinoloji ta mafurha ya mimovha na ku antswisiwa ka swa tarihanyo, leswi endleke nhlayo ya vanhu yikula hirivilo leri kulu. Hi lembe ra 2014, nhlayo ya vanhu ya misava hikwayo ayi ringanisawa kwalomu ka 7.2 watibhiliyoni na kutlula.&lt;ref name=&quot;popclock&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popclock/|title=World Population Clock|work=Census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|accessdate=2012-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/united-nations-reports-7-billion-humans-but-others-dont-count-on-it.html?_r=1|title=U.N. Reports 7 Billion Humans, but Others Don’t Count on It|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=31 October 2011|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=2011-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hlaya matsalwa lama engetelekeke ==
* Freeman, Scott; Jon C. Herron, ''Evolutionary Analysis'' (4th ed.) Pearson Education, Inc., 2007. [[:en:Special:BookSources/0132275848|ISBN 0-13-227584-8]] pages 757–761.

== Minkombo yale handle ==
* [http://www.archaeologyinfo.com/homosapiens.htm Archaeology Info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528014013/http://www.archaeologyinfo.com/homosapiens.htm |date=2011-05-28 }}
* [http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-sapiens Homo sapiens]&amp;nbsp;– The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program
* [http://www.eol.org/pages/327955 ''Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758'']&lt;span&gt; at the &lt;/span&gt;Encyclopedia of Life
* View the [http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Info/Index human genome] on Ensembl

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category: Vanhu]]
[[Category:Ntivo-Vutomi]]</text>
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    <title>Vutomi</title>
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      <text bytes="8046" sha1="hzrlkeqg8xf2bpp8udto7n1pnjkn1n3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ruwenpflanzen.jpg|thumb|Swimilana swa tintshava ta Rwenzori, [[Uganda]]]]
[[File:Climbing beans growing in the North Kivu (4).jpg|thumb|Varimi]]

'''Vutomi''' ixihlawurisi exikarhi ka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka na leswi feke. kuna mihlovo yo hambana-hambana ya vutomi, yin'wana yakona i [[swimilana]], swiharhi na tibhaktheriya. Ntivo-vutomi (Biology) i[[sayensi]] ya swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka.&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;176&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Kutafikela na namunthla, van'wa sayensi na van'wa tifilosofi va swikuma switika ku nyikela nhlamuselo ya riviti &quot;vutomi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|title=What is life?|url=https://www2.bc.edu/~strother/GE_146/lectures/7.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swivumbiwa swikota kudya no gayela swakudya, swikota ku twa, swikota ku tswala, naswona swikota ku hluvuka swithlela swikota ko tolovela mbangu lowu switshamaka eka wona kuya hi kulandzelelana ka switukulwana. Kuna mixaka-xaka ya swivumbiwa laha emisaveni, naswona hinkwaswo swi yelana hi kuva na nkuma wa khaboni na mati ya miri.

Van'wa sayensi va ehleketa leswaku vutomi byingava byi sungurile kusuka eka swivumbiwa leswinga hanyiki. Vutomi byo sungula bya laha misaveni byi ngava byi sungule kwalomu ka 3.5 biliyoni wa malembe, loko misava yisungule ku vumba maribye kumbe sava leri omeke. Mihleketo yin'wana iya leswaku vutomi byingava byi sungule hikwalaho ka hlangana ka swiaki swavutomi kwalomu ka 4.1-4.4 biliyoni wa malembe lamahundzeke.&lt;ref name=&quot;AB-20021014&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite web|last=Tenenbaum|first=David|title=When Did Life on Earth Begin? Ask a Rock|url=http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/293/when-did-life-on-earth-begin-ask-a-rock|date=14 October 2002|work=Astrobiology Magazine|accessdate=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AP-20151019&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite news|last=Borenstein|first=Seth|title=Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth|url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20151019/us-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html|date=19 October 2015|work=[[Excite]]|location=Yonkers, NY|publisher=[[Mindspark Interactive Network]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|accessdate=2015-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PNAS-20151014-pdf&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|last1=Bell|first1=Elizabeth A.|last2=Boehnike|first2=Patrick|last3=Harrison|first3=T. Mark|last4=Mao|first4=Wendy L.|display-authors=3|date=19 October 2015|title=Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf|format=PDF|journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|doi=10.1073/pnas.1517557112|issn=1091-6490|accessdate=2015-10-20|pmid=26483481|pmc=4664351|volume=112|pages=14518–21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NS-20080702&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite web|last=Courtland|first=Rachel|title=Did newborn Earth harbour life?|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14245-did-newborn-earth-harbour-life.html|date=2 July 2008|work=[[New Scientist]]|accessdate=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RN-20090520&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite web|last=Steenhuysen|first=Julie|title=Study turns back clock on origins of life on Earth|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/20/us-asteroids-idUSTRE54J5PX20090520|date=20 May 2009|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=13 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ndlela leyi vutomi byingavaka byi tumbulixiwe hayona ayitiveki, hambi leswi kunga tala mavonele hi mhaka leyi. Kusukela loko vutomi byi tumbulukile, vutomi byi cinca-cincile kuya  hi mihlovo yo hambana-hambana. Hmabi leswi vutomi byi kumekaka himixaka yotala, kuringanyetiwa leswaka 99 wa tiphesenti ta swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka eka 5 biliyoni,&lt;ref name=&quot;Book-Biology&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|editor1=Kunin, W.E.|editor2=Gaston, Kevin|title=The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LHnCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA110&amp;lpg=PA110&amp;dq#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|date=31 December 1996|isbn=978-0-412-63380-5|accessdate=26 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; wa swivumbiwa leswi tshameke swi hanya laha misaveni, aswahari kona.&lt;ref name=&quot;StearnsStearns2000&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|last=Stearns|first=Beverly Peterson|last2=Stearns|first2=S. C.|last3=Stearns|first3=Stephen C.|title=Watching, from the Edge of Extinction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0BHeC-tXIB4C&amp;pg=PA1921|year=2000|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-08469-6|page=1921|accessdate=27 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20141108-MJN&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite news|last=Novacek|first=Michael J.|title=Prehistory's Brilliant Future|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/opinion/sunday/prehistorys-brilliant-future.html|date=8 November 2014|work=[[New York Times]]|accessdate=25 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuringanyetiwa leswaku kana kwalomu ka 10 kuya  14 wa timiliyoni taswivumbiwa leswi hanyaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;MillerSpoolman2012&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|author1=G. Miller|author2=Scott Spoolman|title=Environmental Science&amp;nbsp;— Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth's Natural Capital|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYEJAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA62|date=2012|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1-133-70787-4|page=62|accessdate=27 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambileswi vutomi byi vonakaka laha misaveni ntsena, vanhu votala va ehleketa leswaku kuna mihlovo ya swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka ehandle ka misa.&lt;ref name=&quot;RaceRandolph2002&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|last1=Race|first1=Margaret S.|last2=Randolph|first2=Richard O.|title=The need for operating guidelines and a decision making framework applicable to the discovery of non-intelligent extraterrestrial life|journal=Advances in Space Research|volume=30|issue=6|date=2002|pages=1583–1591|issn=0273-1177|doi=10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00478-7|quote=There is growing scientific confidence that the discovery of extraterrestrial life in some form is nearly inevitable|bibcode=2002AdSpR..30.1583R}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite news|first=Matt|last=Cantor|authorlink=|title=Alien Life 'Inevitable': Astronomer|date=15 February 2009|url=http://www.newser.com/story/50874/alien-life-inevitable-astronomer.html|work=newser|accessdate=3 May 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newser.com%2Fstory%2F50874%2Falien-life-inevitable-astronomer.html&amp;date=2013-05-03|archivedate=3 May 2013|quote=Scientists now believe there could be as many habitable planets in the cosmos as there are stars, and that makes life's existence elsewhere &quot;inevitable&quot; over billions of years, says one.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;247&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

== Hlaya leswi engetelekeke ==
* Kauffman, Stuart. [http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman03/kauffman_index.html The Adjacent Possible: A Talk with Stuart Kauffman]
* ''[http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf Seeding the Universe With Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064713/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf |date=2012-11-02 }}'' Legacy Books, Washington D. C., 2000, [[:en:Special:BookSources/047600330X|ISBN 0-476-00330-X]]
* Walker, Martin G. [http://rationalphilosophy.net/index.php/the-book ''LIFE! Why We Exist&amp;nbsp;... And What We Must Do to Survive''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724030023/http://rationalphilosophy.net/index.php/the-book |date=2011-07-24 }} Dog Ear Publishing, 2006, [[:en:Special:BookSources/1598582437|ISBN 1-59858-243-7]]

== Mikobiso yale handle ==
* [[species:Main Page|Wikispecies]]&amp;nbsp;– a free directory of life
* [http://astro-ecology.com/ Resources for life in the Solar System and in galaxy, and the potential scope of life in the cosmological future]
* [http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman03/kauffman_index.html &quot;The Adjacent Possible: A Talk with Stuart Kauffman&quot;]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/life/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry]
* [http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=The_Kingdoms_of_Life The Kingdoms of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191135/http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=The_Kingdoms_of_Life |date=2013-10-29 }}

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

[[Category: Ntivo-Vutomi]]
[[Category:Vutomi]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Bouo1|Bouo1]] ([[User talk:Bouo1|talk]]): Spam (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
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      <text bytes="8421" sha1="jeuyi669hojvbnvjjlwwcqafpj61ps5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The Blue Marble (remastered).jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xamisava lexi tekiweke eka ripfhumba roya e[[n'weti]]ni ra Apollo 17]]
[[File:NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg|frameless|right]]

'''Misava''' (mfungho: [[file:Earth symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|🜨]]; Hixigriki&lt;span&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;grc&quot;&gt;'''Γαῖα'''&lt;/span&gt; ''Gaia'',&lt;span data-sourceid=&quot;cite_ref-30&quot; class=&quot;mw-ref&quot; id=&quot;cxcite_ref-30&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;[[#cite_note-30|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[n 6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-sourceid=&quot;cite_ref-30&quot; class=&quot;mw-ref&quot; id=&quot;cxcite_ref-30&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; kumbe hixilatini: '''Terra'''&lt;ref&gt;''Oxford English Dictionary''), {{Template:Nowrap|1st ed.}} &quot;terra, ''n.''&quot; &lt;/ref&gt;) i planeti ya vunharhu kusuka edyambyini, naswona hiyona leyi kulu eka tiplaneti ta mune letingana sava na maribye naswona hiyona ntsena planeti leyi tiveka yikota kuhlayisa [[vutomi]].

Hikuya hi vulavisisi bya rhadiyo, misava yingava yitumbulukile kwalomu ka 4.54 wa tibhiliyoni ta malembe lamahundzeke.&lt;ref name=&quot;USGS1997&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite web|date=1997|title=Age of the Earth|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=10 January 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051223072700/http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html|archivedate=23 December 2005|deadurl=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|last=Dalrymple|first=G. Brent|title=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved|journal=Special Publications, Geological Society of London|date=2001|volume=190|issue=1|pages=205–221|doi=10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14|bibcode=2001GSLSP.190..205D}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite journal|author=Manhesa, Gérard|author2=Allègre, Claude J.|author3=Dupréa, Bernard|author4=Hamelin, Bruno|last-author-amp=yes|title=Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics|journal=[[Earth and Planetary Science Letters]]|date=1980|volume=47|issue=3|pages=370–382|doi=10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2|bibcode=1980E&amp;PSL..47..370M}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka ndhendzeleko wun'wa eka [[dyambu]], misava viva yirhendzeleke hiyoxe kwalomu ka masiku ya 365.26 .&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot; name=&quot;sidereal_solar&quot;&gt;The number of solar days is one less than the number of sidereal days because the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun causes one additional revolution of the planet about its axis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;aaa428_261&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal&quot;&gt;Laskar, J.;  et al. (2004). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwalomu ka 71 watiphesenti ta misava imati,
&lt;ref&gt;{{Template:Cite web|url=http://www.noaa.gov/ocean.html|author=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|title=Ocean|website=NOAA.gov|accessdate=3 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; kasi matiko-nkulu na swihlala swi helerisa misava.

Vuxaka exikarhi ka mpfhuka exikarhi ka misava na dyambu, naswihlawulekisi swa misava swiendla leswaku misava yikota kuhlayisa vutomi. kuna kwalomu ka 10 kuya ka 14 wa timiliyoni ta swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka laha emisaveni,&lt;ref name=&quot;science_241_4872_1441&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal&quot;&gt;May, Robert M. (1988). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MillerSpoolman2012&quot;&gt;{{Template:Cite book|last1=Miller|first1=G.|last2=Spoolman|first2=Scott|title=Environmental Science|chapter=Biodiversity and Evolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYEJAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA62|date=1 January 2012|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1-133-70787-4|page=62|accessdate=27 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswoona kuna vanhu lava ringanaka kwalomu ka 7.3 wa tibiliyoni.&lt;ref name=&quot;PopCounter&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ &quot;Current World Population&quot;]. ''worldometers''. n.d&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kuna matiku ya kwalomu ka madzana-mbirhi na makume nharhu (320) laha emisaveni.&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;418&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

== Tinoti ==
{{Reflist|30em
 |group=n|refs=&lt;ref name=Aoki&gt;The ultimate source of these figures, uses the term &quot;seconds of UT1&quot; instead of &quot;seconds of mean solar time&quot;.—{{cite journal |last=Aoki |first=S. |title=The new definition of universal time |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=1982 |volume=105 |issue=2 |pages=359–61 |bibcode=1982A&amp;A...105..359A |last2=Kinoshita |first2=H. |last3=Guinot |first3=B. |last4=Kaplan |first4=G. H. |last5=McCarthy |first5=D. D. |last6=Seidelmann |first6=P. K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=apsis&gt;aphelion = ''a'' × (1 + ''e''); perihelion = ''a'' × (1&amp;nbsp;– ''e''), where ''a'' is the semi-major axis and ''e'' is the eccentricity. The difference between Earth's perihelion and aphelion is 5 million kilometers.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=epoch&gt;All astronomical quantities vary, both [[Secular phenomena|secularly]] and [[Frequency|periodically]]. The quantities given are the values at the instant [[J2000.0]] of the secular variation, ignoring all periodic variations.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=hill_radius&gt;For Earth, the [[Hill radius]] is &lt;math&gt;R_H = a\left ( \frac{m}{3M} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}}&lt;/math&gt;, where ''m'' is the mass of Earth, ''a'' is an astronomical unit, and ''M'' is the mass of the Sun. So the radius in AU is about &lt;math&gt;\left ( \frac{1}{3 \cdot 332,946} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}} = 0.01&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=jaes41_3_379&gt;Including the [[Somali Plate]], which is being formed out of the African Plate. See: {{cite journal |first=Jean |last=Chorowicz |date=October 2005 |title=The East African rift system |journal=[[Journal of African Earth Sciences]] |volume=43 |issue=1–3 |pages=379–410 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.019 |bibcode=2005JAfES..43..379C}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sidereal_solar&gt;The number of solar days is one less than the number of [[sidereal day]]s because the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun causes one additional revolution of the planet about its axis.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=solar_energy&gt;Aphelion is 103.4% of the distance to perihelion. Due to the inverse square law, the radiation at perihelion is about 106.9% the energy at aphelion.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=surfacecover&gt;Due to natural fluctuations, ambiguities surrounding [[Ice shelf|ice shelves]], and mapping conventions for [[vertical datum]]s, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data from the [[Vector Map]] and [http://www.landcover.org/ Global Landcover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326085837/http://www.landcover.org/ |date=2015-03-26 }} datasets, extreme values for coverage of lakes and streams are 0.6% and 1.0% of Earth's surface. The ice shields of [[Antarctica]] and [[Greenland]] are counted as land, even though much of the rock that supports them lies below sea level.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=trench_depth&gt;This is the measurement taken by the vessel ''[[Kaikō]]'' in March 1995 and is considered the most accurate measurement to date. See the [[Challenger Deep]] article for more details.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=space_debris&gt;United States Strategic Command tracks about 15,000 other artificial objects, mostly debris. See: {{cite web |url=https://www.stratcom.mil/factsheets/11/Space_Control_and_Space_Surveillance |title=USSTRATCOM Space Control and Space Surveillance |date=January 2014 |accessdate=17 July 2015 |archive-date=21 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721013712/https://www.stratcom.mil/factsheets/11/Space_Control_and_Space_Surveillance |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|3}}

== Hlaya leswi engetelekeke ==
* {{Template:Cite book|first=Neil F.|last=Comins|date=2001|title=Discovering the Essential Universe|edition=2nd|publisher=W. H. Freeman|bibcode=2003deu..book.....C|isbn=0-7167-5804-0}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;''Discovering the Essential Universe'' (2nd ed.). W. H. Freeman. Bibcode:[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003deu..book.....C 2003deu..book.....]&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003deu..book.....C C]. ISBN&amp;nbsp;0-7167-5804-0.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarth&amp;rft.aufirst=Neil+F.&amp;rft.aulast=Comins&amp;rft.btitle=Discovering+the+Essential+Universe&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003deu..book.....C&amp;rft.isbn=0-7167-5804-0&amp;rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;

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{{Bio}}

'''Felix Alois Thuketana'''&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&quot;[https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/5812 Some narratological features of the novels of F.A. Thuketana]&quot; (March 2011) - Chauke, Mkhacani Thomas -'''UJ Library and Information Centre'''. Retrieved 8 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt; (''5'' [[N'wendzamhala]] 1933 - †  02 [[Nhlangula]] 2013''), a ari mutsari na muhundzuluxeri wa ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]] loyi  a xiximiwaka ngopfu. Hi lembe ra 1989, Thuketana u hlurile no nyikiwa sagwadi ra ''&quot;H.P. Junod Literary Prize&quot;'' eka xiyenge xa matsalwa ya ndhavuko, hi tsalwa rakwe leri nge ''&quot;N'wambilu Makokorho&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Hambiswiritano, ''&quot;Xisomisana&quot;'' i buku leyi nga endla leswaku a va mutsari wa ndhuma swinene etikweni ra [[Afrika Dzonga]], na le matikweni man’wana.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph2&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.yumpu.com/sw/document/view/14913176/here-national-library-of-south-africa/17 Preserving and Celebrating our literary heritage]&quot; (March 2011) - '''National Library of South Africa'''. Retrieved 22 February 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Hi lembe ra 2007 u xiximiwe hi sagwadi ra ''Lifetime Achievement Literary Award'' leri a nyikiweke hi va ka South African Literary Awards, lava va seketeriwaka hi Ndzawulo ya Vutshila ni Mfuwo, Phephahungu ra Sowetan na Nutrend Publishing.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph3&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://sala.org.za/2007-2/felix-thuketana/ Felix Thuketana -Lifetime Achievement Literary Award]&quot; (March 2011) - '''The South African Literary Awards'''. Retrieved 8 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sowetan/20131011/282084864525818 Literary Giant drops his pen]&quot; (11 October 2013) - Vonani Bila, '''Sowetan News Paper'''. Retrieved 29 October 2018&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sowetan/20131011/282084864525818 Felix Thuketana - Profile]&quot;, '''South African Literary Awards'''. Retrieved 29 October 2018&lt;/ref&gt; Thuketana u hoxe xandla eku tsariweni ka [[Vutsari_bya_Xitsonga|matsalwa ya Xitsonga]] evuton'wini byakwe ku fikela loko a ta hundza emisaveni.''
== Ta vutomi byakwe ==
=== Malembe yo sungula ===
Thuketana i n'wana wa vumbirhi na swona a tlhela a va xiguma-ndzeni xa Mufundhisi J.W. Thuketana, loyi a a ri mufundhisi wa kereke ya [[Kereke_ya_Evangheli_ya_vu_Presbethari_e_Afrika_Dzonga|Swiss Mission]]. U velekiwile hi siku ra 5 N’wendzamhala 1933, eBurgersdorp (Shiluvane) – Letaba District. Hikwalaho ka vutihlamuleri bya vufundhisi, ndyangu waka Thuketana a wu tshamela ku rhurha.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Thuketana u kulele eLadyselborne le Pitori laha tatana wa yena a tirhela kona ntirho wa vufundhisi. U pasile tidyondzo ta yena ta purayimari na ta le sekondari kwale Ladyselborne.&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Muti wa ka vona wu tlhele wu ya tshama eDoornfontein e[[joni]].

=== Tidyondzo tale henhla na vudyondzisi: 1950 - 1997 ===
U pasile tidyondzo ta yena ta vudyondzisi eLemana Institute. Hikokwalaho ka ku pfumeleka ka poso ya vudyondzisi endzhaku ka loko a hetile eLemana Institute, u xambirile ku tirha efemeni ya Pretoria Light Industry hi lembe ra 1954. Endzhaku ka nkarinyana, u kumile poso ya vudyondzisi exikolweni xa Bordeaux, kwale makaya hi lembe ra 1956. U hlanganisile khwayere ya vuyimbeleri ya xikolo, naswona u humelele ngopfu na khwaya ya yena leswi endleke leswaku a xiximiwa ngopfu eka miphikizano ya vuyimbeleri bya tikhwayere.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Thuketana u dyondzisile eswikolweni swo hambanahambana, ku kondza a ya kuma ntirho wo va nhloko ya xikolo eGavaza Combined School, laha a nga hetelela a huma pecheni a ri kona hi lembe ra 1997.&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Vutsari na maphepha-hungu: 1958 - 1980 ===
Hi 1958 Thuketana na kokwa-wakwe '''DZJ Mathebule''' va simekile phepha-hungu ra ''&quot;Pusela&quot;'' leri a risekeriwa hi Masonia Products, leyi akuri khampani yo xavisa mirhi ya vutshunguri e[[Tzaneen]]. Xikongomelo xa Phepha-hungu leri akuri ku tivisa vanhu hileswi endlekaka e xifundzeni xavona. Mphakelo wa vona awufikelele na le Sibasa. Thuketana a a tirha tani hi muteki-mahungu naswona a thlela ava mupfapfarhuti wa phephe-hungu leri, kufikela laha rithyiweke vito rintshwa ra '''&quot;Marungula&quot;'''. Hi lembe ra 1964 Mufundhisi Theo Schneider wa kerke ya Swiss Mission, u tsakele ntirho wa Thuketa naswona a n'wirhumela e xikolweni xa vufundhisi xa Mindolo, e Kitwe, e tikweni ra [[Zambiya]]. Thuketa u kumile Diploma ya yena eka Matsalwa ya xikreste. Nhlohlotelo lowu wu tikombe hi kuhetelela eka tsalwa ra yena ra ''&quot;Xisomisana&quot;''.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Thuketana uve xirho xa '''''Christian Writers Fellowship of Afrika''''', athlela ava xirho xa '''''Xitsonga Writers Association''''', kukota a hundza emisaveni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Vukati na Vana ===
Thuketana u cate na Manana Louisa Thuketana, naswona va katekisiwe hi vana va nthlanu (majaha manharhu na tintombhi timbirhi).&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutsari na vuhundzuluxi ==
Thuketana u tikombile ku va mutsari wa ntokoto hi ku hamba a tsala swihungwahungwana swa mafenya leswi loko a ri karhi a swi hlayela vanghana xikan’we ni tintangha takwe a vo dzumbela ro dlawa hi ku hleka. U xambirile ku humesa tsalwa ra yena ro sungula loko ku kandzisiwile buku ya “Kheleni ra Tihele” leyi a yi lo hundzuluxiwa ku suka eka ririmi ra Xisuthu (buku ya “Sekoting sa Lihele”) ku ya eka Xitsonga.&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

U tsarile tibuku leti landzelaka:
:# Xisomisana 
:# N’waninginingi ma ka Tindleve
:# Ndzi ngo Tinciki  
:# N’wambilu makokorho

Thuketana u yile emahlweni a hundzuluxa tibuku leti landzelaka ku ta eka Xitsonga:&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
:# &quot;Kheleni ra Tihele&quot;
:# “Hanyelo ra mukriste” 
:# “Mayana ku hanana”
:# “Ndzi rhandze Jaha” 
:# “Ndzi rhandze nhwana” 

Thuketana u vile un’wana wa ntlawa lowu nga hundzuluxa tsalwa ra Deuterocanonical / Apocrypha ku ta eka ririmi ra Xitsonga ehansi ka vulawuri bya
South African Council of Bishops, laha athleleke a endzela tiko ra Israyele tani himurhumiwa wa huvo leyi.&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Masagwati lawa amakumeke ==
Thuketana u thlomiwile tinsiva naswona anyikiwa masagwati lama landzelaka:

:# '''''H.P. Junod Literary Prize''''' -- xiyenge xa matsalwa ya ndhavuko, -''&quot;N'wambilu Makokorho&quot;'' - lembe: 1989&lt;ref name=&quot;ph2&quot; /&gt;
:# '''''South African Literary Award''''' -- xiyenge xa Lifetime Achievement - Lembe: 2007&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1933|2013|Felix Alois Thuketana}}

[[Category: Vatsari]]
[[Category: Vatsari va Xitsonga]]</text>
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'''Etienne Penyisi Ndhambi''' (''9 [[Hukuri]] 1912 - †  09 [[Ndzhati]] 1986'') A ari mutsari wa tibuku ta xitsonga leti hlanganisaka swiphato, swithlokovetselo na tinovele to hlaya, naswona utiveka ngopfu hi novhele ya yena leyi ayitsheke ''&quot;Mambuxu&quot;''.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&quot;[https://www.yumpu.com/sw/document/view/14913176/here-national-library-of-south-africa/17 Preserving and Celebrating our literary heritage]&quot; (March 2011) - '''National Library of South Africa'''. Retrieved 22 February 2016&lt;/ref&gt; U tlakusile ta ririmi ra Xitsonga hi ku va xirho xa Huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga ku sukela hi 1960 ku fikela 1972. U tekiwa tani hi un'wana wa vatswari va matsalwa ya xitsonga naswona u gingirikele matswalwa ya Xitsonga kuya fikela emakumu ka vutomi bya yena laha misaveni.&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&quot;[http://repository.up.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2263/30361/03chapter3.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y History of the Xitsonga Language Board]&quot; (March 2011) - '''University of Pretoria'''. Retrieved 8 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Ndhambi u hoxe xandla ekutsariweni ka [[Vutsari_bya_Xitsonga|matsalwa ya Xitsonga]] evuton'wini byakwe ku fikela loko ata hundza emisaveni.

== Tavutomi byakwe ==
=== Malembe yosungula ===
Ndhambi u velekiwile hi ti 09 ta Hukuri hi 1912 e Tlangelani,{{kulaveka vumbhoni}} etikweni ra ka Mudabula. U dyondzile exikolweni xa [[Valdezia]] emelembeni ya va makume-nharhu, hi leswaku hi va (1930’s).&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tidyondzo tale henhla na vudyondzisi: 1937 - 1975 ===
Ku suka eValdezia, u yisile tidyondzo takwe ekhale ka Lemana Training Institution ku ya dyondzela ku va mudyondzisi. Xikolo lexi a xi fambisiwa hi kereke ya Swiss Mission eAfrika Dzonga. U hetile ku dyondzela vudyondzisi hi lembe ra 1937. U dyondzisile exikolweni xa Valdezia nkarhinyana. U tlakusiwile ku va nhloko ya xikolo xa Tlangelani eka Mudabula hi 1941. U yisiwile hi valawuri va swa dyondzo nkarhi wolowo ku ya va nhloko ya xikolo eka Mashamba ku sukela 1942 ku fikela 1944. Ku sukela 1945 ku fikela 1958 u vile nhloko ya xikolo xa Ribolla. Hi 1959 u tlakusiwile a va mukamberi wa swikolo (Kumbe wa dyondzo) hi 1959. U vile mukamberi ku sukela nkarhi walowo ku fikela loko a khumuka entirhweni hi 1975.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Vukati na Vana ===
Tatana Ndhambi a a tekanile na Hendrika “N’wa Abel” Makaukau, naswona Vukati bya vona byi katekisiwile hi majaha ya ntlhanu: Isaiah Penyisi Etienne Ndhambi, Oscar Mahuntsi Ndhambi, Amos Ndhambi, Shisiwana Frank Ndhambi, Shibule Raymond Ndhambi na tintombhi timbirhi: Bihamhirhi Kate Ndhambi na Mihloti Marlene Mabasa . U hundzile emisaveni hi to 09 ta Ndzati 1986.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutsari ==
Tatana Ndhambi tlakusile ta ririmi ra Xitsonga hi ku va xirho xa Xitsonga Langauge Board ku sukela hi 1960 ku fikela 1972&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; a thlela a va mutsari wa tibuku
ta ririmi ra Xitsonga leti landzelaka.

:# Swiphato Swa Xitsonga hi 1950. (Buku leyi yi vile yona yo sungula ya swiphato ya ririmi ra Xitsonga)
:# Mambuxu (a novelette) hi 1953.
:# Xitsonga xo Saseka.
:# Switlhokovetselo swa Vana.

== Masagwati lawa amakumeke ==

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1912|1986|Etienne Penyisi Ndhambi}}

[[Category: Vatsari]]
[[Category: Vatsari va Xitsonga]]</text>
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    <title>Etienne ENdhambi</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Bennet Keats Mpilele Mtombeni</title>
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'''Bennet Keats Mpilele Mtombeni''' kumbe ''('''Mthombheni''')'', (''14 [[N'wendzamhala]] 1926 - † 03 [[Mudyaxihi]] 1976'') A ari mutsari wa tibuku, na maphepha-hungu ya xitsonga, naswona a ari murhangeri na mugingirikeri wa ririmi ra Xitsonga leswi swi n'wi thyiseke vito ra ''Nhlalala ya madoroba''.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Nkuzana, K.J., 1996. &quot;[http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/15657 A critical assessment of BKM Mtombeni's creative works]&quot; (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved 12 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;Ntsanwisi, H.W.E, 1977. &quot;[http://www.xitsongaonline.co.za/short%20books/MatshopetanaYatindzumulo.pdf Foreword to Matshopetana Ya Tindzumulo]&quot;. Retrieved 12 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Uvile xirho xa ''Ndzawulo ya Ririmi na Ndhavuko wa Xitsonga'' (''Bureau for Tsonga Language and Culture'') kusukela loko yisimekiwa hi lembe ra 1938 ku fiko loko a lova.&lt;ref name=ph3&gt;Masunga, S.H, 1999. &quot;[http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30361 Language management in South Africa : a case study of the Xitsonga Language Board]&quot; Dissertation (MA - General Linguistics)--University of Pretoria. Retrieved 12 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Mthombeni a a tiveka ngopfu hi ndlela ya yena yo tsala &quot;Xitsonga xo tenga, xo hlantsweka, xi khuluka hi ku olova hi swigaririmi leswo hlawuleka&quot;.&lt;ref name=ph2/&gt; Mtombeni u hoxe xandla ekutsariweni ka [[Vutsari_bya_Xitsonga|matsalwa ya Xitsonga]] evuton'wini byakwe ku fikela loko ata hundza emisaveni.

== Tavutomi byakwe ==
=== Malembe yosungula ===
Bennet Keats Mpilele Mtombeni imativula ya Nyavana Mthombheni, n'wana Mugimeti Mthombeni, naswona u tswariwile hi 14 Nw'endzamhala hi 1926 e[[Burgersdorp, Limpopo|Burgersdorp]] exifundzeni xa [[Tzaneen]] e limpopo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

Usungurile xikolo hi lembe ra 1936 exikolweni xale hansi eShiluvana Primary, laha a paseke ntanga ya 6. Kusuka kona uyile e[[Joni]] aya lava ntirho anga wukumi. Uyisile tidyondzo takwe emahlweni naswona a kala a kuma Junior Certificate, naswona endzaku ka nkarhinyana apasa Matriki ya yena, leswi n'wi pfuleleke tindlela takuya emahleni hi tidyondzo takwe ta B.A Degree leti a ari karhi atihetisisa loko ata lova.

=== Minthirho na Mfumo wa Gazankulu: 1950 - 1976 ===
Hi lembe ra 1950 laha a ari na malembe ya khume-mbirhi-mune wamalembe, Mpilele uthoriwile eSouth African Railways and Harbours tani hi phorisa. Hi 1960 uthoriwile e University of South Africa, laha a tirheke kona malembe mabirhi tani hi murhumiwa. Kusukela hi 1963 kuya eka 1971, uthoriwile eka South African Milk Board. Hikwalaho ka migingiriko ya yena eka rixaka ra matsonga na ku chivirikela ku antswisa vutomi na mayimele ya Vatsonga emadorobheni, uthoriwile hi mfumo wa [[Gazankulu]] tani hi muyimeri wosungula wa le madorobheni wa vatsonga. Leswi ekusunguleni, mfumo wa Gazankulu awuri hava ofisi, Mpilele u tirhele e kaya rakwe ra le Atteridgeville, naswona endzaku a rhurheriwa e Saulsville, kusuhi na masirha laha mfumo wa Gazankulu wusimekeke ofisi kona.&lt;ref name=ph1/&gt;

=== Vutsari na maphephahungu: 1972 - 1976 ===
Hi lembe ra 1972 usungurile ku tsala eka phepha-hungu ra Ndzawulo ya Vutisi leri ari vitiwa ''&quot;Nhluvuko&quot;''. U tsarile hi kuhambeta ku fikela loko a talova hi 1976. Xivangelo-nkulu xo tsala eka phephe-hungu ra ''&quot;Nhluvuko&quot;'' a kuri ku pfuxa Matsonga yarikwavo emadorobheni leswaku vatimila no tivonakarisa exikarhi tinxaka tin'wana. Hikwalaho ku vurhangeri byakwe usungule kutiviwa hi ra ''&quot;Nhlalala ya madoroba&quot;''.

Mtombeni a ari xirho xo xiximeka xa ndzawulo ya swa ndzhavuko na ririmi ra Xitsonga (''Bureau for Tsonga Language and Culture''). Uvile mutshami-xitulu wa Komiti ya tibuku naswona athlela ava Xirho xavulawuri bya yona.&lt;ref name=ph1/&gt;

=== Vukati na Vana ===
Mtombeni a a tekane na Josephine Thokozile Nkosi naswona a va katekisiwe hi majaha mambirhi na ntombhi yin'we kunga: Floyd Mandia Mthombeni, Leslie Marhule Mtombeni na Lauretta Thandiwe Mtombeni.&lt;ref name=ph1/&gt;

== Vutsari ==
Tatana Mtombeni u tsarile tibuku leti landzelaka exikarhi ka malembe ya 1966 ku ya eka lembe ra 1976:

# '''Malangavi ya mbilu''' - 1966 (''King Williamstown: Better Books'')
# '''Mibya ya nyekanyeka''' - 1967 (''Pretoria: Voortrekkerpers'')
# '''Ndzhaka ya vusiwana''' - 1973 (''Goodwood: Via Afrika'')
# '''Ndzi tshikeni''' - 1973 (''Pretoria: Van Schaik's Publishers'')
# '''Vuhlangi bya vuhlangi''' - 1973 (''Pretoria: Van Schaik's Publishers'')
# '''Mavala ya yingwe''' - 1974 (''Braamfontein: Sasavona Books'')
# '''Mihizo ya kayivela''' - 1974 (''Braamfontein: Sasavona Books'')
# '''Matshopetana ya tindzumulo''' - 1977 (''Braamfontein: Sasavona Books'')

== Rifu na kutsundzukiwa ==
Mtombeni u hundzile emisaveni exibhedlele ya Tembisa endzhaku ka vuvabyi byokoma, Hi siku ra vu 3 eka Mudyaxihi hilembe ra 1976 ari na malembe ya 50 hivukhale. Ulovile endzhaku ka masiku ya khume na mune loko ku lovile mativula yakwe Floyd, loyi a nweleke e nambyini wa Crocodile River. Havambirhi va vekiwe hisiku rin'we endzhaku ka ntirhu wa rifu lowuveke e Atteridgeville Community Hall. Rifu rakwe rindzinginisile vanhu votala eGazankulu naswona mfumo wa Gazankulu awu yimeriwe hi nkulukumba H.W.E Ntsan'wisi tani hi mukhandli wa nhlonge.&lt;ref name=ph1/&gt;

=== &lt;small&gt;Nkulumo ya H.W.E. Ntsan'wisi yo khandla nhlonge:&lt;/small&gt; ===

Nkulukumba uvekile nkulumo leyi landzelaka eka ntirho wa rifu ra tatan Mtombeni e Atteridgeville Community Hall.&lt;ref name=ph1/&gt;

&lt;blockquote class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;&quot;&gt;Nhenha ya tinhenha laha madorobeni yi hi siyile.
Nhlalala leyi a yi hlengeleta rixaka ra hina haleno madorobeni yi timekile.&lt;br&gt;
Xihontlovila xa ririmi ra Vatsonga xi fambile.&lt;br&gt;
Mutsari wa Mavala ya yingwe u hundzile.&lt;br&gt;
Mutsari wa Mihizo ya kayivela u fambile.&lt;br&gt;
Mutsari wa Vuhlangi bya vuhlangi u lovile.&lt;br&gt;
Mutsari wa Ndzi tshikeni u chupukile.&lt;br&gt;
Mutsari wa Ndzhaka ya vusiwana u nyamalarile.&lt;br&gt;
Mutsari wa Mibya ya nyekanyeka u porokile.&lt;br&gt;
Mutsari wa Malangavi ya mbilu u timekile.&lt;br&gt;
Ririmi ra Vatsonga ri lahlekeriwile.&lt;br&gt;
Rixaka ra Vatsonga ri lahlekeriwile.&lt;br&gt;
Muhandzi wa tindzalama ta ririmi ra hina eku enteni ka rona ni le ku anameni ka rona u fambile. --([[H.W.E Ntsan'wisi]], 1976, 326 &lt;ref name=ph1/&gt;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Ntsan'wisi u tirhisile nkarhi lowu ku tsundzuxa rixaka leswaku ndzhaka leyi siyiweke hi Mtombeni ya vutsari yi fanele kuhlayisiwa no yisiwa emahlweni.

&lt;blockquote class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;&quot;&gt;A hi rileni Mpilele wa Mtombeni hi ri karhi hi tsundzuka
leswaku wa hanya hikuva u hi siyele ndzhaka leyi hi nga ta sala hi n'wi vona ha yona hi matsalwa lawa a ya siyeke. A nga yanga na vutlhari bya yena emasirheni, u hi siyerile byona ... tindzalama ta ririmi ra hina, leswaku hi sala na swona swi va ndzhaka ya hina. --([[H.W.E Ntsan'wisi]], 1976, 326 &lt;ref name=ph1/&gt;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== &lt;small&gt;Ku chavelela kusuaka eka Phepha-hungu ra Nluvuko:&lt;/small&gt; ===
Muhleri wa phepha-hungu ra ''&quot;Nhluvuko&quot;'' u engetele rito rakwe eka marito ya vakhandli va nhlonge hi marito lama landzelaka:

&lt;blockquote class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;&quot;&gt;... Mpilele a a ri mutsari wa vatsari. Ndzi nga engeta ndzi
vula leswaku a a ri egondzweni ra vatsari va vatsari. Exikarhi ka malembe mo ringana khume voko ra yena ri tsarile ku ringana nhungu wa tibuku. --(Nhluvuko, Vol. 17, No. 12 ya 1976:331 &lt;ref name=ph1/&gt;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;


=== &lt;small&gt;Eleji ya Dokodela Maluleke hi B.K.M Mtombeni: &lt;/small&gt; ===

Dokodela Maluleke utsarile eleji (Vutsari bya matimu ya mufi) naswona unyikele nxaxamelo lowu hlelekeke wa vutsari byakwe.&lt;ref name=ph4&gt;Maluleke, V.R. 1987. B.K.M. Mtombeni as a short story writer (unpublished) Honours Article, Pretoria: Unisa.&lt;/ref&gt; Eleji yakwe hi leyi landzelaka:

&lt;blockquote class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;&quot;&gt;
Leswo u etlele, ndzi mbhoni,&lt;br&gt;
Leswo hikwalaho ka yini u late rimbambu,&lt;br&gt;
Swi tiva hi Tatana ...&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
U te '''Ndzi tshikeni'''; u chukuvanya bya hlampfi exinjoveni,&lt;br&gt;
U chukuvanyisa hi '''Malangavi ya mbilu''',&lt;br&gt;
Mbilu ya wena a yi pfurha,&lt;br&gt;
Yi oxa hi malangavi,&lt;br&gt;
Yi rhukurha ku vona '''Mibya ya nyekanyeka''',&lt;br&gt;
Mbilu yaku yi khahla tiko ro dadavala.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Tiko ri dadavala bya phunjavunja,&lt;br&gt;
'''Mihizo ya kayivela''' yi kayivele wonge i mali ya xisiwana,&lt;br&gt;
Vusweti bya rixaka byi ku dzudze '''Vuhlangi bya vuhlangi''',&lt;br&gt;
Vusweti byi ku dlokodla mbilu,&lt;br&gt;
U ka u mila ntshiva u teka vunghwazi.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
U mila '''Mavala ya yingwe''',&lt;br&gt;
Mavala ya yingwe ya ku tikirheta enhlohlorhini ya Everest,&lt;br&gt;
Moya wo kwetsima wu ku tlhoma xidlodlo,&lt;br&gt;
Wu ku rhuma ku ya hlikih/a Vutsonga,&lt;br&gt;
Khamba ri ku sivile ri ku khina,&lt;br&gt;
U nga si heta ku haxa evhangeli ya wena.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A wu vanga na makwanga,&lt;br&gt;
U haxile '''Ndzhaka ya vusiwana''',&lt;br&gt;
U phamele rixaka; &lt;br&gt;
A wu sweka hi byongo, &lt;br&gt;
U phama hi penisele, &lt;br&gt;
U phamela ebukwini; &lt;br&gt;
Voko raku i nkombe wa nsuku,&lt;br&gt;
Byongo byaku i nambu wa Nile.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Ririmi raku ematsalweni ri olova wonge i nhluvi; &lt;br&gt;
Ririmi raku a ri gogonyi, &lt;br&gt;
Marita yaku ya gemba; ya hlakah/a byongo; &lt;br&gt;
Ya kucete/a; ya titimeta torha ra vutivi; &lt;br&gt;
Ya tshunxa mapindzi; mafundzu ya nyekanyeka. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Tintlharhi ti aneka vut/harhi byaku erivaleni, &lt;br&gt;
Ntokoto waku wu andlariwa tani hi sangu, &lt;br&gt;
Ntokoto waku wa mameka; a wu pundzulanga, &lt;br&gt;
Vutlharhi byaku byi phapha byongo bya vah/ayi vaku&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
U nombhela eka novhele, &lt;br&gt;
u nyanganya bya vulombe, &lt;br&gt;
Nghimeto u hava eka swihungwana, &lt;br&gt;
U tlanga xinave-nave, &lt;br&gt;
A wu kongomi, wo khovolela, &lt;br&gt;
Timhaka wo thya, u thya swange i ncuva, &lt;br&gt;
Marita yaku ya hakuta ntlhaveko, &lt;br&gt;
Mbilu yi sa' yi pfempfa hi ku nave/a. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Leswo phata u swi nyenyile,&lt;br&gt;
U vona ya ri '''Matshopetana ya tindzumulo''' &lt;br&gt;
Xa wena i ku boxa tshumba, &lt;br&gt;
U komba mhaka hi rintiho; u honokela mhaka &lt;br&gt;
U nga copeti, &lt;br&gt;
U monya leswi phewaka;&lt;br&gt;
Ntivo-vuhleketi waku wu hi hlantswe mahlo, &lt;br&gt;
Nkunghwa wu sukile, &lt;br&gt;
Hi ta jikula hi chela eka ndzheko wa '''Ndzhaka ya vusiwana''', &lt;br&gt;
Wu ta ka wu khapa hi vutivi ...&lt;br&gt;--(D.R. Maluleke in Nkuzana (1989:72-74)&lt;ref name=ph4/&gt;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1926|1976|B.K.M Mtombeni}}

[[Category: Vatsari]]
[[Category: Vatsari va Xitsonga]]</text>
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    <title>Thomas Howard Khosa</title>
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        <ip>2C0F:F528:40:EB73:E478:53C8:1816:EB4F</ip>
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'''Thomas Howard Khosa''' (''27 [[Khotavuxika]] 1953'') i mutsari wa tibuku ta xitsonga, a thlela a tiveka ngopfu tani hi muvulavuleri wa mfumo wa xifundza xa Nw'alungu ([[Limpopo]]).&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Msimeki,B.E, 1998. &quot;[http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5906 Characterization in Murhandziwani and Manyunyu ya xitsotso]&quot; (Mini-Dissertation). Retrieved 12 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Ehenhla ka kuva muvulavuleri wa mfumo loyi angana ntokoto, uthlela a tiviwa ngopfu hi tinovhele ta yena ta xitsonga to fana na ''Mulunguntima''.&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&quot;[https://www.yumpu.com/sw/document/view/14913176/here-national-library-of-south-africa/17 Preserving and Celebrating our literary heritage]&quot; (March 2011) - '''National Library of South Africa'''. Retrieved 22 February 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Khosa u hoxe xandla ekutsariweni ka [[Vutsari_bya_Xitsonga|matsalwa ya Xitsonga]] evuton'wini byakwe.

== Matimu ==
Thomas Howard Khosa u tswariwile hi 27 eka Khotavuxika hi 1953 a Pfukani Misssion Station, etikweni ra ka Mtititi (leri namunthla ritiviwaka hi ra Vuwani) e xifundzeni xa n'walungu (Limpopo). U hetile tidyondzo ta le hansi e Pfukani Lower Primary na le Schiel Higher Primary, naswona tidyondzo tale henlha u tihetise e Douglas Laing Smit laha a thlomiweke risiva ra xitifiketi xa Matriki hi lembe ra 1972. U yisile tidyondzo ta yena e mahlweni laha kumeke Digri yakwe eka tidyondzo ta [[Vutshila]] (Batchelor of Arts) eka Dyondzo ya mihleketo na Mahanyelo (Psychology and Sociology), e Yunivhesithi ya N'walungu.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Uthlele a dyondzela Vuvulavuri, Filosofi na Xizulu e Yunivhesithi ya [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] (UNISA). Kusukela hi lembe ra 1974, utirhele [[mfumo wa Gazankulu]], a sungala a tirha tani hi Muhundzuluxeri wa ririmi kwalomu ka malembe ya mune, ivi a ta thoriwa nakambe tani hi Muvulavuleri wa mfumo ku ya fika hi lembe ra 1994. Endzhaku ka 1994, u yisiwile eka mfumo wa xifundza xa N'walungu laha a yeke mahlweni na ntirho wa yena wavuvulavuleri.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi nkarhi wa kutirhela mfumo wa Gazankulu, usungurile phepha-hungu ra xitsonga leri nge ''&quot;Mhalamhala&quot;'', leri a rikongomisiwa hi mfumo wa tiko. Naswona hi yena loyi a sunguleke ku tsala Dayari na Buku ya lembe, ya Gazankulu. Naswona a thlela ava mutsalri-nkulu wa tinkulumo ta tinhloko ta mfumo hi ta Xipolotiki.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

ka Mfumo wa Gazankulu. U tlhele a tirha eka “Gateway International Aiport” tanihi Mulawuri. Thomas Khosa i n’wa mabindzu eka nkarhi wa sweswi.&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutsari ==
E henhla kakuva muvulavuleri wa ntokoto naswona loyi a xiximiwaka, Khosa utlhele a tivonakarisa eka matsalwa ya Xitsonga. U tsarile tinovhele na Swithlokovetselo swo hlaya nyana ku katsa na:&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

# '''Madyisambitsi''' - (1978)
# '''Manyunyu ya Xitsotso''' - (1979)
# '''Mulunguntima''' - (1994)
# '''Madaladala''' - (1982)(''Swithlokovetselo''), yihleriwe hi Nkondo na Marivate.

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category: Vatsari]]
[[Category: Vanhu]]
[[Category: Vatsari va Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1953]]</text>
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    <title>Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate</title>
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      <comment>2020</comment>
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'''Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate''' (kumbe '''C.T.D Marivate''') ( ''1927-2020'' )&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/In+search+of+a+parliamentary+soul:+when+Cornelius+Marivate,+South...-a030152114|title=In search of a parliamentary soul: when Cornelius Marivate, South Africa's leading authority on Tsonga literature and folksongs, went into Parliament, he found something missing. - Free Online Library|last=|first=|date=1998|website=www.thefreelibrary.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-11-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;, i phurofesa loyi a yeke eku wiseni wa le Yunivhesithi ya Afrika-Dzonga(UNISA). A a ri eka Ndzawulo yaTindzimi ta Vantima laha a dyondziseke machudeni ya Xitsonga lava a va dyondza ririmi leri eYunivhesithi. U kandziyisile ntlangu wo koma wa Jim Xilovekelo hi lembe ra 1965, loko a ha ri muleteri wa Xitsonga eUNISA.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&quot;[https://www.yumpu.com/sw/document/view/14913176/here-national-library-of-south-africa/17 Preserving and Celebrating our literary heritage]&quot; (March 2011) - '''National Library of South Africa'''. Retrieved 22 February 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Marivate u hoxe xandla ekutsariweni ka [[Vutsari_bya_Xitsonga|matsalwa ya Xitsonga]] evuton'wini byakwe ku fikela loko ata huma penceni.

== Vutsari na vuhundzuluxi ==
Nkulukumba Marivate u tsarile tibuku to hlaya, kuhlanganisa na:

# '''Jim Xilovekelo''' - 1965 (''Van Schaik Publishers'')
# '''Xironga Folk-Tales''' - 1973 a yi hlanganela na E. J. M. Baumbach.
# '''Mayana XiTsonga''' - 1996 a yi hlanganela na D.I. Mathumba.
# '''Mayana XiTsonga STD 8''' - 1996 a yi hlanganela na D.I. Mathumba.
# '''Xitsonga Xa Vagingiriki Ntangha 10''' - 1997
# '''Mpambulwa Wa Switlhokovetselo''' - 2004 
# '''Hi Timula Torha: Gr 4: Learner's Book''' - 2004 a yi hlanganela na  M.B. Mpenyana na K. Mboweni.
# '''Hi Timula Torha: Gr 5: Learner's Book''' - 2004 a yi hlanganela na  M.B. Mpenyana na K. Mboweni.
# '''Hi Timula Torha: Gr 6: Learner's Book''' - 2004 a yi hlanganela na  M.B. Mpenyana na K. Mboweni.
# '''Nhlengelo WA Swirungulwana''' - - 2006 (''Perskor Publishers'') 
# '''Mbalango WA Matsalwa Ya Xitsonga''' - 2006 (''Perskor Publishers'')

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1927|2020|Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate}}

[[Category: Vatsari]]
[[Category: Vatsari va Xitsonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Matimu ya Matsonga</title>
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      <text bytes="5673" sha1="pxix2racu3ozeto0qv90lg55bxu9kjp" xml:space="preserve">{{Ethnic group
|Rixaka = Vatsonga
|Xifaniso = Shangaan.jpg
|Matsalwa   = Ncino wa xibhelani.
|Ntsengo  = 5,370,000 ([https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15596 Joshua Project])
|Matiko = [[Afrika Dzonga]], [[Mozambique|Mozambhiki]] na [[Zimbabwe]]
|Tiphrovinci = [[Mpumalanga]], [[Gauteng]] na [[Limpopo|Limpopo Province]]
|Tindzimi   = [[Xitsonga]]
|Vukhongeri     = [[Xikreste]], [[Ndhzavuko wa Xintima]]
|Vuxaka = [[Nguni|VaNgoni]]
}}

'''Matsonga''' ''(Kumbe '''Machangana''')'', i rixaka ra vanhu lava akeke e [[Afrika Dzonga|Afrika-Dzonga]], [[Mozambique|Mozambhiki]] na le [[Zimbabwe]]. Rixaka leri ri hambanisiwa hi swiyenge swa tindzimi swo hlayanyana leswi hlanganisaka [[Vahlanganu]]; [[Vadjonga]]; [[Vabila]]; [[Van'walungu]] na [[Vahlengwe]], hikuya hi [[Henri-Alexandre_Junod|Henry Junod]]. &lt;ref name=ph1&gt; HA Junod, &quot;[https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft Tsonga languages and dialects]&quot; - '''the Internet Archive'''. Retrieved 14 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt; [[Varhonga]], [[Vacopi]] na [[Vathswa]] a va hlayiwi eka Vatsonga, hambi leswi tindzimi tavona tiyelanaka. Ku ve na njhekanjhekiswano exikarhi ka Machangana na Matsonga, kusukela khale ka tinyimpi ta [[Manukosi]], kambe ku ta fikela sweswi, Machangana na Vatsonga ma hlayiwa eka rixaka rin'we ehansi ka mfumo wa [[Afrika Dzonga]].&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;&quot;[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people-south-africa/tsonga Tsonga]&quot; (20-Oct-2011) - '''South African History Online'''. Retrieved 14 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Matimu ==
Khale ka khaleni, Vatsonga a va kumeka eDzongeni ra tiko ra Mozambiki (Junod, 1977:31). Junod u hlamusela leswaku Vatsonga a va tshama eSt. Lucia Bay eMozambiki hi malembe ya va 1250 (Junod, 1977:31). Kambe hi ku famba ka mikarhi va hangalakile ni tindhawu to hambanahambana va ala ku va ehansi ka Soshangana. Tindhawu leti va nga balekela eka tona hi leti na namuntlha ta ha riki na swikombiso swa tindlu ta Vatsonga ni ndhavuko wa vona. Hi lembe ra 1497, hosi ya le Portugal, yena Dom Manuel u rhumerile tinhenha ta yena hi tingalava ku ya pfula tindlela letintswha ta ku fika ematikweni lama nga si tiviwaka. Ku hlawuriwile Vasco Da Gama ku va mufambisi wa vona.

Loko Vasco Da Gama a fikile eMozambiki, u hlanganile na tihosi ta Vatsonga endhawini leyi vuriwaka Nyarimi (Inharime), a vumba vuxaka lebyinene na vona (Junod, 1977:31). Vasco Da Gama u kumile leswaku vanhu lava a va kumeka kona, vona Vatsonga, a va ri na tintswalo swinene na kona a va tsakela vanhu van’wana. Loko vanhu lava va tsakile a va phokotela mandla ku komba ku tsaka ka vona. Hikwalaho ka tintswalo ta Vatsonga eka tiko leri a va ri ka rona, swi endlile leswaku va thya tiko leriya vito ro sungula ra Mozambiki leswi vulaka, “Tiko ra vanhu lavanene.”

Eku sunguleni Vatsonga a va tshamile ku suka e St.Lucia Bay, eN’walungu wa KwaZulu-Natal, ku ya fika enambyeni wa Save eMozambiki. Ndhawu ya Vatsonga a yi katsa tindhawu ta N’walungu wa KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland, Mpumalanga, Kruger National Park na Dzonga-N’walungu wa Zimbabwe. Matsalwa ya Perestrello (Santa Bento, 1554), Diogo de Couto (Santa Thome, 1589) na Lavanha (Santa Alberto, 1593) ya hlamusela leswaku a ku ri na mitlawa yo hambana ya Vatsonga eMozambiki yo fana

na vaRonga, Vanyayi, vaKalanga, vaLenge, vaNgoni, na vaNdzawu, vaTonga, vaHlanganu, vaCopi na vaHlengwe.Ntlawa wa vaRonga a va tshama exikarhi ka Maputo na St. Lucia Bay hi lembe xidzana ra vu 16, vaRonga a va fumiwa hi tihosi to fana na va Ngomane, Nyaka, Mpfumo, Lebombo (Livombo), Manyisa na Tembe. Swivongo leswi swa ha ri kona na namuntlha. Ku vuriwa leswaku tihosi to fana na Nyaka na Tembe a va ri tihosi ta matimba swinene ku sukela eDelagoa Bay, eN’walungu ku ya eSt.Lucia Bay edzongeni, ku ya fika etintshaveni ta Lebombo, evupeladyambu.

Hi nkarhi wa Mfecane hi lembe xidzana ra vukaye, Vatsonga vo tala a va akile exikarhi ka tiko ra Mozambiki (Jenkins, 2011). Soshangana loyi a ri ndhuna ya Tshaka, eka Zulu u hlaserile Vatsonga, a vumba vuhosi bya ka Gaza. Endzhaku ka Soshangane, n’wana wa yena Muzila u tekile vuhosi. Muzila u landzeriwile hi Nghunghunyane, loyi a nga khomiwa a pfaleriwa ekhotsweni hi Maputukezi eMandlakazi hi 1895. Hi malembe ya va 1835 va ka Nkuna, Valoyi, Mavundza na Rikhotso va sukile Mozambiki va kongoma eTransvaal eSouth Africa, va ala ku va hansi ka Soshangane. Va ka Maluleke vona va sukile Mozambiki hi ku chava Soshangane va ya tshama laha sweswi ku nga Kruger National Park. Van’wana Vatsonga va sukile Mozambiki na muhloti wa Muputukezi, Juwawa va kongoma eTransvaal, eAfrika-Dzonga, eAlbasini, kusuhani na laha ku nga na doroba ra Makhado sweswi. Va akile mfumo wa Xipilongo lowu a wu ri wa Magwamba. Hi lembe ra 1850 Muzila n’wana Soshangane u balekele eXipilongo hikwalaho ka nyimpi ya yena na makwavo Mawewe.

Hi lembe ra 1861 Muzila u tlhelele eMozambiki ku ya lwa na makwavo Mawewe, loyi a nga nwi hlula a balekela Swaziland (Junod, 1977:51). Muzila u fumile ku fika lembe ra 1884 loko a lova. N’wana wa yena Nghunghunyane u tekile vuhosi, kutani a ya tshama eBileni hi 1889. Hi lembe ra 1861 ku vile na nyimpi exikarhi ka Muzila na Maputukezi kutani va n’wi khoma. Ndhuna ya yena ya nyimpi Magigwana Khosa u yisile nyimpi emahlweni ku fika hi lembe ra 1897 loko a dlayiwa eMapulangweni. Hi lembe leri landzelaka Muzila u sukile eMozambiki na vanhu va yena, a kongoma eAfrika-Dzonga eBushbuckridge. Loko va fika, va kumile Vatsonga van’wana lava se a va tshama eAfrika-Dzonga, vo fana na va ka Mnisi hosi yale eBushbuckridge, Nkuna, Valoyi, na Magwamba lava a va tshama eTzaneen, Giyani,  na Malamulele.

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category: Vatsonga]]
[[Category: Xitsonga]]
[[Category: Vanhu]]</text>
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| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;'''{{{Rixaka}}}'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;  |
{|
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;  | {{{Xifaniso}}}
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''{{{Matsalwa}}}''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | '''Ntsengo wa rixaka'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{Ntsengo}}}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | '''Laha vakumekaka kona hixitalo'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{Matiko}}}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{Tiphrovinci}}}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | '''Tindzimi ta rixaka'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{Tindzimi}}}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | '''Vukhongeri'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{Vukhongeri}}}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | '''Vuxaka'''
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&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Ethnic group
|Rixaka = 
|Xifaniso = 
|Tsalwa   = 
|Ntsengo  = 
|Matiko = 
|Tiphrovinci = 
|Tindzimi   = 
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|Vuxaka = 
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&lt;/pre&gt;
[[Category:Vanhu]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Dyondzo-Afrika</title>
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      <text bytes="729" sha1="qjmyxlqz3he4y2kh93pru838ao8dylv" xml:space="preserve">'''Dyondzo-Afrika''' i tidyondzo mayelana na tiko-nkulu ra [[Afrika]], ngopfu ngopfu [[ndhzavuko|mindhzavuko]] ya rona kuhlanganisa na vanhu va rona (Kuhambana na ntivo-misava, ntivo-mbangu naswin'wana). Tidyondzo leti ti hlanganisa na [[matimu ya Afrika]] (Kunga si fika vukolonyi, nkarhi wa vukolonyi, endzhaku ka nkarhi wa vukolonyi), mfumo wa mani na mani ([[Demokhrasi]]), mindzhavuko, [[Politiki]], Tamabindzu, tindzimi na [[vukhongeri]] (Vu Islamu, Vukreste, na vukhongeri bya xintima). Munhu loyi a tivaka ngopfu hi tidyondzo leti, u vuriwa &quot;Mu-Afrikanisi&quot;. Mboyamelo wa tidyondzo leti we le ka ku lavisisa matumbuluxele, na maendlele ya dzhavuko hi ku tirhisa mavonele ya swilo ya xi Afrika.

[[Category:Dyondzo-Afrika]]</text>
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      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Nxaxamelo wa matsalwa lwa Wikiphediya ya xi Afrika yifaneleke kuva na wona]] to [[Nxaxamelo wa matsalwa lawa Wikiphediya ya xi Afrika yifaneleke kuva na wona]]</comment>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/212.0.138.62|212.0.138.62]] ([[User talk:212.0.138.62|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1273" sha1="0z6tieazhhmhnj61glxdxbrlycfjngm" xml:space="preserve">[[File:African-civilizations-map-pre-colonial.svg|right|thumb|200px|Matiko ya Afrika, kungasi fika vukolonyi]]
'''Matimu ya Afrika''' masungula hi ku tumbuluka ka swimun'wana swa khale (Homo Sapiens) e Vuxa bya [[Afrika]], naswona maya emahlweni kufikela namunthla, tani hi swirhundzu swa matiko lama hluvukaka. Matimu lama tsariweke ya minhluvuko ya khale ma sungula e[[Egypt|Gibita]] (Leyi sunguleke tani hi xiphemu xa mfumo wa Khushi lowu nga wa khlale ngopfu ku nagsi tsarima matimmu), enzhaku ka wona ku vile na mfumo wa Nubiya, Saheli na Maghreb e rimhondzeni ra Afrika. Hi malembe ya le xikarhi, vukhongeri bya [[Vusurumani]] byi sungule ku ndlandlamuka kuya e vupela dyambu bya Arabhiya kuya e Gibhita naswona byi tsemakanya Mahgreb na Sahel. Swun'wana swa switikwana na mifumo ya nkarhi wa khale ku ngasi fika vukolonyi, swi hlanganisa na ndhzavuko wa va Nok, mfumo wa Mali, mfumo wa Songhai, mfumo wa Ashanti, mfumo wa Mossi, mfumo wa Mutapa, mfumo wa Mapungubye, mfumo wa Sine, mfumo wa Sennar, mfumo wa Saloum, mfumo wa Baoli, mfumo wa Khayori, mfumo wa Zimbabwe, mfumo wa Khongo, mfumo wa Kaabu, mfumo wa khale ka Khathage, mfumo wa Numidiya, Muritaniya, mfumo wa Aksumita, mfumo wa Ajurani na mfumo wa Adali.

[[Category:Matimu ya Afrika]]
[[Category:Matimu]]</text>
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      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Ndhzavuko]] to [[Ndzhavuko]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Rio de Janeiro</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{translate|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro}}  [[File:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|300px|Rio de Janeiro]]  '''Rio de Janeiro''', [[Brazil]], Amerikha-Dzonga.&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|300px|Rio de Janeiro]]

'''Rio de Janeiro''', [[Brazil]], Amerikha-Dzonga.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Washington, DC</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Washington DC view1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Arial view of Washington, D.C.]] '''Washington, D.C.''' is the capital city of the [[Amerikha|United States of America]].&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="170" sha1="qb5wx1uljzzvwsbdcr2rfndca79647d" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Washington DC view1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Arial view of Washington, D.C.]]
'''Washington, D.C.''' is the capital city of the [[Amerikha|United States of America]].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>HMS Birkenhead</title>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
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      <text bytes="560" sha1="69vg378tkmfxdou23r1vlyd7wx129ae" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The Birkenhead-Troopship.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]
[[File:Wreck of the Birkenhead.jpg|thumb|right|250px|&quot;The Wreck of the ''Birkenhead''&quot; (ca 1892) by Thomas M Hemy.]]
[[File:The Wreck of the Birkenhead.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''The Wreck of the Birkenhead'' (1901) by Charles Dixon]]
'''HMS ''Birkenhead''''' akuri xikepe xa manghezi lexi rhwalaka masocha, naswona xin'werile hi 25 Nyenyenyani hi lembe ra 1852, ekusuhi na ribuwa ra Kapa (Cape Town) e[[Afrika-Dzonga]]. Kupone ntsena vanhu vo ringana 193 eka vanhu va 643 lava avari endzeni ka Xikepe lexi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Tsonga-Grammar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4478</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28437</id>
      <parentid>28431</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-05-16T13:34:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="1031" sha1="tn6wzn13wgnxvuz49eib03kob0p17nf" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:right; width:280px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%;&quot;
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;'''Ririmi ra Xitsonga'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;  |
{|
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;  | [[File:{{{Xifaniso}}}|220px]]
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | '''[[Swihluvi swa ririmi]]'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{Swihluvi}}}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | '''[[Swigaririmi]]'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{Swigaririmi}}}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | '''[[Swiphato]]'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{Swiphato}}}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | '''[[Vuthlokovetseri]]'''
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{{Vuthlokovetseri}}}
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Tsonga-Grammar
|Xifaniso        = 
|Swihluvi        = 
|Swigaririmi     = 
|Swiphato        = 
|Vuthlokovetseri = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
[[Category:Xitsonga]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Category:Xitsonga</title>
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      <id>28433</id>
      <timestamp>2016-05-16T13:25:10Z</timestamp>
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    <title>RIHLANGANISI</title>
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      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[RIHLANGANISI]] to [[Swihluvi swa ririmi]]: better categorization</comment>
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    <title>Wikipedia:Vital articles</title>
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    <id>4484</id>
    <redirect title="Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya Nkoka/xiyenge/3" />
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      <timestamp>2016-05-28T01:02:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>540</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing broken redirect to moved target page [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya Nkoka/xiyenge/3]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Matsalwa Ya nkoka/Level/Nav bar</title>
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    <id>4486</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40733</id>
      <parentid>33937</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-27T11:49:35Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="999" sha1="p3ywcu4upybqkve2tsjrf4dfwdcsb6w" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div align=center&gt;'''Swiyenge swa Matsalwa ya nkoka eka Wikiphediya'''
{| border=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;50&quot; align=center border=0 style=&quot;background: transparent&quot;
| style=&quot;background-color:lightblue; border: solid 1px #000; padding:0px 20px;&quot; | [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/1|Xiyenge 1 (Xits) &amp; 1a (Eng)]]
| &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;background-color:lightblue; border: solid 1px #000; padding:0px 20px;&quot; | [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/2|Xiyenge 2 (Xits)]]
| &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;background-color:lightblue; border: solid 1px #000; padding:0px 20px;&quot; | [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/2a|Xiyenge 2a (Eng)]]
| &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;background-color:lightblue; border: solid 1px #000; padding:0px 20px;&quot; | [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya Nkoka/xiyenge/3|Xiyenge 3 (Xits)]]
| &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;
| style=&quot;background-color:lightblue; border: solid 1px #000; padding:0px 20px;&quot; | [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya Nkoka/xiyenge/3a|Xiyenge 3a (Eng)]]
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>10 Wa matsalwa yankoka</title>
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    <id>4487</id>
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      <id>28479</id>
      <timestamp>2016-05-18T14:51:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[10 Wa matsalwa yankoka]] to [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/1]]: correction</comment>
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      <text bytes="51" sha1="hft2hid212yk2nqblpwzz7eka0mdo0j" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/1]]</text>
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    <title>Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/2</title>
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      <id>37252</id>
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      <timestamp>2023-03-28T17:27:18Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="8652" sha1="o8e4kx3j6qen3sz52qaep6wq5h6hed7" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Matsalwa Ya nkoka/Level/Nav bar}}

Lawa i matsalwa ya Dzana yankoka eka '''Wikiphediya ya Xitsonga''', naswona mavumba xiyenge xavumbirhi eka nxaxamelo wa matsalwa ya nkoka eka Wikiphediya leyi.
&lt;small&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot;
|+
|-
!Xiyenge!!-!!Nkutlunya &lt;br&gt; wa sweswi!!Pakani ya &lt;br&gt; Nkutlunya
|-
|Matimu ya Vatsonga||:||16||16
|-
|Vuaki bya Vatsonga||:||15||15
|-
|Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga||:||5||5
|-
|Swakudya na Byala bya Vatsonga||:||13||13
|-
|Vatsari va Vatsonga||:||7||7
|-
|Mavabyi hi Xitsonga||:||8||8
|-
|Minsinya hi Xitsonga||:||6||6
|-
|Filosofi na vukhongeri||:||6||6
|-
|Ntivo vuthlarhi||:||9||9
|-
|Nhlangano wa vanhu||:||6||6
|-
|Ntivo-mbangu||:||9||9
|-
|'''Ntsengo''' ||:|| '''100'''||'''100'''
|}
&lt;/small&gt;
Matsala makamberiwa hi swiyenge leswi landzelaka:
{{Div col|2}}
* Matsalwa ya siku {{Icon|FA}} (Matsalwa lamahlawuriweke ku kombisiwa eka tluka nkulu)
* Xiyenge xa - A {{Icon|A}}  (Tsalwa leri heleleke)
* Xiyenge xa - B {{Icon|B}}  (Tsalwa ra kahle)
* Xiyenge xa - C {{Icon|C}}  (Tsalwa leri lavaka ku hlakarherisiwa)
* Tsalwa ro Amukeleka {{Icon|GA}}
* Tsalwa ra ramasungulo {{Icon|Start}}

{{Div col end}}

Mifungo leyi tirhisiweke laha yingava yi hundzeriwe hi nkarhi, u khutaziwa ku lulamisa swi hoxo loko swirikona.

==Ntsengo lowu heleleke: 100 eka Wikiphediya leyi ya Xitsonga==
Wu lulamisiwe ro hetelela hi -- [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 17:27, 28 Nyenyankulu 2023 (UTC)
&lt;br&gt;

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

=== Matimu ya Vatsonga (12:16) (''Tsonga History'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ririmi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Language|Language]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Xitsonga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Tsonga_language|Tsonga language]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Matimu ya Matsonga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Tsonga_people|Tsonga people]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Mfumo wa Gaza]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Gaza_Empire|Gaza Empire]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Soshanghana]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Soshangane|Soshangane]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Mzila]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mzila|Mzila]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
*** {{Icon|Start}} [[Mawewe]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mawewe|Mawewe]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Nghunghunyana]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Gungunhana|Gungunhana]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
*** {{Icon|Start}} [[Godide]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Godide|Godide]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Mpisana I]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mpisana_I|Mpisana I]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Thulamahashe]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Thulamahashi|Thulamahashi]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Buyisonto]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Buyisonto|Buyisonto]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Kheto]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Kheto|Kheto]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Mafemani]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mafemani|Mafemani]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Nghobo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Nghobo|Nghobo]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Eric Nxumalo|Mpisana II]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Eric Nxumalo|Mpisani II]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Vuaki bya Vatsonga (15:15) (''Tsonga Architecture'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Tindlu ta Vatsonga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Tsonga Architecture|Tsonga Architecture]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xiluvelo]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Nhanga]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Lawu]]
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xivala]]
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Nturuka]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Dulu]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xitendze]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xivava]]
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xihahlu]]
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xitanga]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Ndhumbha]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Bandhla]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Huvo]]
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Gandzelo]]

=== Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga (5:5) (''Tsonga Clothing'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Tsonga Traditional Clothing|Tsonga Traditional Clothing]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xibelani]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Minceka]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Tinjhovo]]
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Njhindzu]]

{{col-break}}

=== Swakudya na Byala bya Vatsonga (13:13) (''Tsonga Cousine &amp; Beverages'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Swakudya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Food|Food]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Swakudya swa Vatsonga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Tsonga traditional food|Tsonga traditional food]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vuswa]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Tihove]]
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xiendla hi vomu]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xigugu]]
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Byala]] 
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Byala bya Xitsonga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Tsonga traditional beer|Tsonga traditional beer]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Byalwa-Vucema]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Nghwevu]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vukanyi]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Muqombhoti]] 
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Thothotho]]

=== Vatsari va Vatsonga (7:7) (''Tsonga Writers'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Thomas Khosa|T.H. Khosa]]
* {{Icon|Start}} [[F.A Thuketana]]
* {{Icon|Start}} [[B.K.M Mtombeni]] 
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C Marivate]]
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Etienne P Ndhambi|E.P. Ndhambi]]
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate|C.T.D. Marivate]]
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Mavabyi hi Xitsonga (8:8) (''Common Diseases'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[HIV/AIDS]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Fukuzana]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Cancer|Cancer]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Mukhuhlwana wa Zika]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Zika fever|Zika fever]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ebola]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Ebola virus disease|Ebola]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Mukhuhlwana]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Influenza|Influenza]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Dzedzedze]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Malaria|Malaria]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vuvabyi bya Rihuhu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Rabies|Rabies]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vuvabyi bya Khorona bya 2019]]  &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:COVID-19|COVID-19]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Misinya hi Xitsonga (6:6) (''Tsonga Botany'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nkanyi]] 
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nkuhlu]] 
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nkwakwa]] 
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Milala]] 
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Pfilu]] 
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nkuwa]]  

{{col-break}}

=== Filosofi na vukhongeri (6:6) (''Philosophy and religion'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vukhongeri]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Religion|Religion]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vukhongeri bya xintu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Traditional_African_religions|Traditional African religions]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vukreste]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Christianity|Christianity]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vusurumani]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Islam|Islam]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Filosofi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Philosophy|Philosophy]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Matikhomele]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Ethics|Ethics]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Ntivo vuthlarhi (9:9) (''Science'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Dyondzo-Tinhlayo|Tinhlayo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mathematics|Mathematics]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Sayensi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Science|Science]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Ntumbuluko]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Nature|Nature]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Gezi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Electricity|Electricity]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Rivoningo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Light|Light]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Mpfumawulo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Sound|Sound]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vutshunguri]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Medicine|Medicine]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Misava]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Earth|Earth]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Maxelo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Weather|Weather]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Nhlangano wa vanhu (6:6) (''Society'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ndhzavuko]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Culture|Culture]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Mabindzu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Business|Business]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Hulumendhe]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Government|Government]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Matiko la ma hlanganeke]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:United Nations|United Nations]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nawu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Law|Law]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Tamintlangu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Sport|Sport]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Ntivo-mbangu (9:9) (''Geography'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ntivo-mbangu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Geography|Geography]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Dorobha]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:City|City]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Afrika]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Africa|Africa]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|C}} [[Afrika Dzonga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:South Africa|South Africa]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nayjeriya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Amerikha]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:United States of America|United States of America]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Rhaxiya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Russia|Russia]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Chayina]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:African Union|African Union]]'')&lt;/small&gt;


{{col-end}}

[[Category:Matsalwa yankoka]]</text>
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      <id>28483</id>
      <timestamp>2016-05-18T15:07:49Z</timestamp>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya Nkoka/xiyenge/3a</title>
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      <id>29740</id>
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      <timestamp>2017-07-26T06:30:06Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>/* Ntsengo lowu heleleke: 100 */</comment>
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      <text bytes="62165" sha1="r349d572eqpfgbhwavn0te7ykvzvbvk" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikipedia:Matsalwa Ya nkoka/Level/Nav bar}}

Lawa i matsalwa ya 1,000 yankoka eka '''Wikiphediya ya xinghezi''', naswona mavumba xiyenge xavunharhu eka nxaxamelo wa matsalwa ya nkoka eka Wikiphediya leyi.
&lt;small&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot;
|+
|-
!Xiyenge!!Nkutlunya &lt;br&gt; wa sweswi!!Pakani ya &lt;br&gt; Nkutlunya 
|-
|Vanhu (''People'')||3||115
|-
|Matimu (''History'')||1||60
|-
|Ntivo-Mbangu (''Geography'')||32||94
|-
|Vutshila (''Arts'')||2||56
|-
|Filosofi na Vukhongeri (''Philosophy and religion'')||0||77
|-
|Vutomi bya Siku na siku(''Everyday life'')||1||78
|-
|Sayensi ya mahanyele(''Society and social sciences'')||1||88
|-
|Ta rihanyo na vutshunuri (''Health and medicine'')||0||48
|-
|Sayensi (''Science'')||4||177
|-
|Thekinoloji (''Technology'')||1||122
|-
|Ntivo-Tinhlanyo (''Mathematics'')||1||59
|-
|Vupimi (''Measurement'')||0||26
|-
|'''Ntsengo''' || '''46'''||'''1000'''
|}
&lt;/small&gt;

Matsala makamberiwa hi swiyenge leswi landzelaka:
{{Div col|2}}
* Matsalwa ya siku {{Icon|FA}} (Matsalwa lamahlawuriweke ku kombisiwa eka tluka nkulu)
* Xiyenge xa - A {{Icon|A}}  (Tsalwa leri heleleke)
* Xiyenge xa - B {{Icon|B}}  (Tsalwa ra kahle)
* Xiyenge xa - C {{Icon|C}}  (Tsalwa leri lavaka ku hlakarherisiwa)
* Tsalwa ro Amukeleka {{Icon|GA}}
* Tsalwa ra ramasungulo {{Icon|Start}}

{{Div col end}}

Mifungo leyi tirhisiweke laha yingava yi hundzeriwe hi nkarhi, u khutaziwa ku lulamisa swi hoxo loko swirikona.

==Ntsengo lowu heleleke: 100==
Wu lulamisiwe ro hetelela hi [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 15:05, 18 Mudyaxihi 2016 (UTC)
*...

== People (''People'') (115 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

=== Artists (''Artists'') ===
# [[Leonardo da Vinci]] (''[[:en:Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo da Vinci]]'')
# [[Michelangelo]] (''[[:en:Michelangelo|Michelangelo]]'')
# [[Rembrandt]] (''[[:en:Rembrandt|Rembrandt]]'')
# [[Diego Velázquez]] (''[[:en:Diego Velázquez|Diego Velázquez]]'')
# [[Hokusai]] (''[[:en:Hokusai|Hokusai]]'')
# [[Claude Monet]] (''[[:en:Claude Monet|Claude Monet]]'')
# [[Vincent van Gogh]] (''[[:en:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]]'')
# [[Pablo Picasso]] (''[[:en:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]]'')
# [[Salvador Dalí]] (''[[:en:Salvador Dalí|Salvador Dalí]]'')

=== Authors (''Authors'') ===
# [[Homer]] (''[[:en:Homer|Homer]]'')
# [[Sophocles]] (''[[:en:Sophocles|Sophocles]]'')
# [[Virgil]] (''[[:en:Virgil|Virgil]]'')
# [[Li Bai]] (''[[:en:Li Bai|Li Bai]]'')
# [[Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi]] (''[[:en:Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi|Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi]]'')
# [[Dante Alighieri]] (''[[:en:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]]'')
# [[William Shakespeare]] (''[[:en:William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]]'')
# [[Miguel de Cervantes]] (''[[:en:Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]]'')
# [[Molière]] (''[[:en:Molière|Molière]]'')
# [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] (''[[:en:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]'')
# [[Edgar Allan Poe]] (''[[:en:Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]]'')
# [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] (''[[:en:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]]'')
# [[Leo Tolstoy]] (''[[:en:Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]]'')
# [[James Joyce]] (''[[:en:James Joyce|James Joyce]]'')
# [[Franz Kafka]] (''[[:en:Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]]'')
# [[Pablo Neruda]] (''[[:en:Pablo Neruda|Pablo Neruda]]'')

=== Composers and musicians (''Composers and musicians'') ===
# [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] (''[[:en:Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]]'')
# [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] (''[[:en:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'')
# [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] (''[[:en:Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]]'')
# [[Frédéric Chopin]] (''[[:en:Frédéric Chopin|Frédéric Chopin]]'')
# [[Richard Wagner]] (''[[:en:Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]]'')
# [[Arnold Schoenberg]] (''[[:en:Arnold Schoenberg|Arnold Schoenberg]]'')
# [[Igor Stravinsky]] (''[[:en:Igor Stravinsky|Igor Stravinsky]]'')
# [[Elvis Presley]] (''[[:en:Elvis Presley|Elvis Presley]]'')
# [[The Beatles]] (''[[:en:The Beatles|The Beatles]]'')

=== Explorers (''Explorers'') ===
# [[Roald Amundsen]] (''[[:en:Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]]'')
# [[Jacques Cartier]] (''[[:en:Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]]'')
# [[Christopher Columbus]] (''[[:en:Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]]'')
# [[James Cook]] (''[[:en:James Cook|James Cook]]'')
# [[Ferdinand Magellan]] (''[[:en:Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]]'')
# [[Marco Polo]] (''[[:en:Marco Polo|Marco Polo]]'')
# [[Ibn Battuta]] (''[[:en:Ibn Battuta|Ibn Battuta]]'')
# [[Zheng He]] (''[[:en:Zheng He|Zheng He]]'')

=== Inventors and scientists (''Inventors and scientists'') ===
# [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] (''[[:en:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]]'')
# [[Charles Darwin]] (''[[:en:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]]'')
# [[Thomas Edison]] (''[[:en:Thomas Edison|Thomas Edison]]'')
# [[Albert Einstein]] (''[[:en:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]]'')
# [[Galileo Galilei]] (''[[:en:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]]'')
# [[Geber]] (''[[:en:Geber|Geber]]'')
# [[Carl Linnaeus]] (''[[:en:Carl Linnaeus|Carl Linnaeus]]'')
# [[Isaac Newton]] (''[[:en:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]]'')
# [[Nikola Tesla]] (''[[:en:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]]'')
# [[Sigmund Freud]] (''[[:en:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]]'')
# [[Niels Bohr]] (''[[:en:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]]'')
# [[Marie Curie]] (''[[:en:Marie Curie|Marie Curie]]'')
# [[Dmitri Mendeleev]] (''[[:en:Dmitri Mendeleev|Dmitri Mendeleev]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Mathematicians (''Mathematicians'') ===
# [[Archimedes]] (''[[:en:Archimedes|Archimedes]]'')
# [[Euclid]] (''[[:en:Euclid|Euclid]]'')
# [[Leonhard Euler]] (''[[:en:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]]'')
# [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] (''[[:en:Carl Friedrich Gauss|Carl Friedrich Gauss]]'')
# [[Kurt Gödel]] (''[[:en:Kurt Gödel|Kurt Gödel]]'')
# [[David Hilbert]] (''[[:en:David Hilbert|David Hilbert]]'')
# [[Gottfried Leibniz]] (''[[:en:Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Leibniz]]'')
# [[Blaise Pascal]] (''[[:en:Blaise Pascal|Blaise Pascal]]'')
# [[Henri Poincaré]] (''[[:en:Henri Poincaré|Henri Poincaré]]'')
# [[Pythagoras]] (''[[:en:Pythagoras|Pythagoras]]'')
# [[Alan Turing]] (''[[:en:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]]'')
# [[Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]] (''[[:en:Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi|Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]]'')

=== Philosophers and social scientists (''Philosophers and social scientists'') ===
# [[Confucius]] (''[[:en:Confucius|Confucius]]'')
# [[Socrates]] (''[[:en:Socrates|Socrates]]'')
# [[Plato]] (''[[:en:Plato|Plato]]'')
# [[Aristotle]] (''[[:en:Aristotle|Aristotle]]'')
# [[Nagarjuna]] (''[[:en:Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]]'')
# [[Avicenna]] (''[[:en:Avicenna|Avicenna]]'')
# [[Thomas Aquinas]] (''[[:en:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]]'')
# [[Ibn Khaldun]] (''[[:en:Ibn Khaldun|Ibn Khaldun]]'')
# [[René Descartes]] (''[[:en:René Descartes|René Descartes]]'')
# [[John Locke]] (''[[:en:John Locke|John Locke]]'')
# [[Immanuel Kant]] (''[[:en:Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]]'')
# [[Karl Marx]] (''[[:en:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]]'')
# [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] (''[[:en:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]]'')
# [[Max Weber]] (''[[:en:Max Weber|Max Weber]]'')

=== Religious figures (''Religious figures'') ===
# [[Abraham]] (''[[:en:Abraham|Abraham]]'')
# [[Gautama Buddha]] (''[[:en:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]]'')
# [[Guru Nanak Dev]] (''[[:en:Guru Nanak Dev|Guru Nanak Dev]]'')
# [[Jesus]] (''[[:en:Jesus|Jesus]]'')
# [[Laozi]] (''[[:en:Laozi|Laozi]]'')
# [[Moses]] (''[[:en:Moses|Moses]]'')
# [[Muhammad]] (''[[:en:Muhammad|Muhammad]]'')
# [[Paul the Apostle]] (''[[:en:Paul the Apostle|Paul the Apostle]]'')
# [[Zoroaster]] (''[[:en:Zoroaster|Zoroaster]]'')

=== Politicians and leaders (''Politicians and leaders'') ===
# [[Hammurabi]] (''[[:en:Hammurabi|Hammurabi]]'')
# [[Cyrus the Great]] (''[[:en:Cyrus the Great|Cyrus the Great]]'')
# [[Alexander the Great]] (''[[:en:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]]'')
# [[Qin Shi Huang]] (''[[:en:Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]]'')
# [[Julius Caesar]] (''[[:en:Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]]'')
# [[Cleopatra VII]] (''[[:en:Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra VII]]'')
# [[Augustus]] (''[[:en:Augustus|Augustus]]'')
# [[Attila the Hun]] (''[[:en:Attila the Hun|Attila the Hun]]'')
# [[Charlemagne]] (''[[:en:Charlemagne|Charlemagne]]'')
# [[Genghis Khan]] (''[[:en:Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]]'')
# [[Joan of Arc]] (''[[:en:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]]'')
# [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] (''[[:en:Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman the Magnificent]]'')
# [[Elizabeth I]] (''[[:en:Elizabeth I|Elizabeth I]]'')
# [[George Washington]] (''[[:en:George Washington|George Washington]]'')
# [[Napoleon I of France]] (''[[:en:Napoleon I of France|Napoleon I of France]]'')
# [[Simón Bolívar]] (''[[:en:Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]]'')
# [[Abraham Lincoln]] (''[[:en:Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]]'')
# [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] (''[[:en:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]'')
# [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] (''[[:en:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]'')
# [[Vladimir Lenin]] (''[[:en:Vladimir Lenin|Vladimir Lenin]]'')
# [[Winston Churchill]] (''[[:en:Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]]'')
# [[Joseph Stalin]] (''[[:en:Joseph Stalin|Joseph Stalin]]'')
# [[Adolf Hitler]] (''[[:en:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]]'')
# [[Mao Zedong]] (''[[:en:Mao Zedong|Mao Zedong]]'')
# [[Nelson Mandela]] (''[[:en:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]]'')
{{col-end}}

== History (''History'') (60 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# [[History]] (''[[:en:History|History]]'')
# [[Civilization]] (''[[:en:Civilization|Civilization]]'')
# [[Matimu ya misava]] (''[[:en:History of the world|History of the world]]'')
# [[History of Africa]] (''[[:en:History of Africa|History of Africa]]'')
# [[History of the Americas]] (''[[:en:History of the Americas|History of the Americas]]'')
# [[History of China]] (''[[:en:History of China|History of China]]'')
# [[History of Europe]] (''[[:en:History of Europe|History of Europe]]'')
# [[History of India]] (''[[:en:History of India|History of India]]'')
# [[History of Japan]] (''[[:en:History of Japan|History of Japan]]'')
# [[History of the Middle East]] (''[[:en:History of the Middle East|History of the Middle East]]'')

=== Prehistory to Middle Ages (''Prehistory to Middle Ages'') ===
# [[Prehistory]] (''[[:en:Prehistory|Prehistory]]'')
# [[Stone Age]] (''[[:en:Stone Age|Stone Age]]'')
# [[Mesopotamia]] (''[[:en:Mesopotamia|Mesopotamia]]'')
# [[Neolithic Revolution]] (''[[:en:Neolithic Revolution|Neolithic Revolution]]'')
# [[Sumer]] (''[[:en:Sumer|Sumer]]'')
# [[Bronze Age]] (''[[:en:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]]'')
# [[Ancient Egypt]] (''[[:en:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]]'')
# [[Assyria]] (''[[:en:Assyria|Assyria]]'')
# [[Indus Valley Civilization]] (''[[:en:Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley Civilization]]'')
# [[Iron Age]] (''[[:en:Iron Age|Iron Age]]'')
# [[Ancient Greece]] (''[[:en:Ancient Greece|Ancient Greece]]'')
# [[Ancient Rome]] (''[[:en:Ancient Rome|Ancient Rome]]'')
# [[Macedon]] (''[[:en:Macedon|Macedon]]'')
# [[Persian Empire]] (''[[:en:Persian Empire|Persian Empire]]'')
# [[Middle Ages]] (''[[:en:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]]'')
# [[Black Death]] (''[[:en:Black Death|Black Death]]'')
# [[Byzantine Empire]] (''[[:en:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]]'')
# [[Crusades]] (''[[:en:Crusades|Crusades]]'')
# [[East-West Schism]] (''[[:en:East-West Schism|East-West Schism]]'')
# [[Holy Roman Empire]] (''[[:en:Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]]'')
# [[Islamic Golden Age]] (''[[:en:Islamic Golden Age|Islamic Golden Age]]'')
# [[Mongol Empire]] (''[[:en:Mongol Empire|Mongol Empire]]'')
# [[Ottoman Empire]] (''[[:en:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]]'')
# [[Pre-Columbian]] (''[[:en:Pre-Columbian|Pre-Columbian]]'')
# [[Spanish Inquisition]] (''[[:en:Spanish Inquisition|Spanish Inquisition]]'')
# [[Viking Age]] (''[[:en:Viking Age|Viking Age]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Renaissance to present (''Renaissance to present'') ===
# [[Abolitionism]] (''[[:en:Abolitionism|Abolitionism]]'')
# [[Age of Discovery]] (''[[:en:Age of Discovery|Age of Discovery]]'')
# [[Age of Enlightenment]] (''[[:en:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]]'')
# [[British Empire]] (''[[:en:British Empire|British Empire]]'')
# [[Civil rights movement]] (''[[:en:Civil rights movement|Civil rights movement]]'')
# [[Cold War]] (''[[:en:Cold War|Cold War]]'')
# [[Congress of Vienna]] (''[[:en:Congress of Vienna|Congress of Vienna]]'')
# [[Cultural Revolution]] (''[[:en:Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]]'')
# [[European colonization of the Americas]] (''[[:en:European colonization of the Americas|European colonization of the Americas]]'')
# [[History of the European Union]] (''[[:en:History of the European Union|History of the European Union]]'')
# [[French Revolution]] (''[[:en:French Revolution|French Revolution]]'')
# [[Great Depression]] (''[[:en:Great Depression|Great Depression]]'')
# [[The Holocaust]] (''[[:en:The Holocaust|The Holocaust]]'')
# [[Industrial Revolution]] (''[[:en:Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]]'')
# [[Iranian Revolution]] (''[[:en:Iranian Revolution|Iranian Revolution]]'')
# [[Korean War]] (''[[:en:Korean War|Korean War]]'')
# [[Napoleonic Wars]] (''[[:en:Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic Wars]]'')
# [[Protestant Reformation]] (''[[:en:Protestant Reformation|Protestant Reformation]]'')
# [[Renaissance]] (''[[:en:Renaissance|Renaissance]]'')
# [[Russian Empire]] (''[[:en:Russian Empire|Russian Empire]]'')
# [[Scientific Revolution]] (''[[:en:Scientific Revolution|Scientific Revolution]]'')
# [[Scramble for Africa]] (''[[:en:Scramble for Africa|Scramble for Africa]]'')
# [[Soviet Union]] (''[[:en:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]'')
# [[Space exploration]] (''[[:en:Space exploration|Space exploration]]'')
# [[Taiping Rebellion]] (''[[:en:Taiping Rebellion|Taiping Rebellion]]'')
# [[History of the United States]] (''[[:en:History of the United States|History of the United States]]'')
# [[Women's suffrage]] (''[[:en:Women's suffrage|Women's suffrage]]'')
# [[World War I]] (''[[:en:World War I|World War I]]'')
# [[World War II]] (''[[:en:World War II|World War II]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Geography (''Geography'') (106 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# [[Ntivo-mbangu]] (''[[:en:Geography|Geography]]'')
# [[City]] (''[[:en:City|City]]'')
# [[Continent]] (''[[:en:Continent|Continent]]'')
# [[Country]] (''[[:en:Country|Country]]'')
# [[Desert]] (''[[:en:Desert|Desert]]'')
# [[Forest]] (''[[:en:Forest|Forest]]'')
# [[Glacier]] (''[[:en:Glacier|Glacier]]'')
# [[Mountain]] (''[[:en:Mountain|Mountain]]'')
# [[Ocean]] (''[[:en:Ocean|Ocean]]'')
# [[River]] (''[[:en:River|River]]'')

=== Bodies of water (''Bodies of water'') ===
# [[Amazon River]] (''[[:en:Amazon River|Amazon River]]'')
# [[Atlantic Ocean]] (''[[:en:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]]'')
# [[Black Sea]] (''[[:en:Black Sea|Black Sea]]'')
# [[Caspian Sea]] (''[[:en:Caspian Sea|Caspian Sea]]'')
# [[Danube]] (''[[:en:Danube|Danube]]'')
# [[Great Barrier Reef]] (''[[:en:Great Barrier Reef|Great Barrier Reef]]'')
# [[Indian Ocean]] (''[[:en:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]'')
# [[Mediterranean Sea]] (''[[:en:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]]'')
# [[Niagara Falls]] (''[[:en:Niagara Falls|Niagara Falls]]'')
# [[Nile]] (''[[:en:Nile|Nile]]'')
# [[Pacific Ocean]] (''[[:en:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]'')
# [[Panama Canal]] (''[[:en:Panama Canal|Panama Canal]]'')
# [[Suez Canal]] (''[[:en:Suez Canal|Suez Canal]]'')

=== Cities (''Cities'') ===
# [[Athens]] (''[[:en:Athens|Athens]]'')
# [[Beijing]] (''[[:en:Beijing|Beijing]]'')
# [[Berlin]] (''[[:en:Berlin|Berlin]]'')
# [[Delhi]] (''[[:en:Delhi|Delhi]]'')
# [[Hong Kong]] (''[[:en:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]'')
# [[Istanbul]] (''[[:en:Istanbul|Istanbul]]'')
# [[Jerusalem]] (''[[:en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]'')
# [[London]] (''[[:en:London|London]]'')
# [[Los Angeles]] (''[[:en:Los Angeles|Los Angeles]]'')
# [[Mecca]] (''[[:en:Mecca|Mecca]]'')
# [[Mexico City]] (''[[:en:Mexico City|Mexico City]]'')
# [[Moscow]] (''[[:en:Moscow|Moscow]]'')
# [[New York City]] (''[[:en:New York City|New York City]]'')
# [[Paris]] (''[[:en:Paris|Paris]]'')
# [[Rome]] (''[[:en:Rome|Rome]]'')
# [[São Paulo]] (''[[:en:São Paulo|São Paulo]]'')
# [[Seoul]] (''[[:en:Seoul|Seoul]]'')
# [[Tokyo]] (''[[:en:Tokyo|Tokyo]]'')

=== Continents and regions (''Continents and regions'') ===
# [[Afrika]] (''[[:en:Africa|Africa]]'')
# [[Antarctica]] (''[[:en:Antarctica|Antarctica]]'')
# [[Arctic]] (''[[:en:Arctic|Arctic]]'')
# [[Asia|Ashiya]] (''[[:en:Asia|Asia]]'')
# [[Yuropa]] (''[[:en:Europe|Europe]]'')
# [[Latin America]] (''[[:en:Latin America|Latin America]]'')
# [[Middle East]] (''[[:en:Middle East|Middle East]]'')
# [[North America]] (''[[:en:North America|North America]]'')
# [[Oceania]] (''[[:en:Oceania|Oceania]]'')
# [[South America]] (''[[:en:South America|South America]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Countries (''Countries'') ===
{{See also|List of countries|List of countries by population}}.

# [[Argentina]] (''[[:en:Argentina|Argentina]]'')
# [[Australia]] (''[[:en:Australia|Australia]]'')
# [[Austria]] (''[[:en:Austria|Austria]]'')
# [[Bangladesh]] (''[[:en:Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]'')
# [[Belgium]] (''[[:en:Belgium|Belgium]]'')
# [[Brazil]] (''[[:en:Brazil|Brazil]]'')
# [[Burma]] (''[[:en:Burma|Burma]]'')
# [[Canada]] (''[[:en:Canada|Canada]]'')
# [[People's Republic of China]] (''[[:en:People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China]]'')
# [[Colombia]] (''[[:en:Colombia|Colombia]]'')
# [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (''[[:en:Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'')
# [[Denmark]] (''[[:en:Denmark|Denmark]]'')
# [[Egypt]] (''[[:en:Egypt|Egypt]]'')
# [[Ethiopia]] (''[[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]'')
# [[Finland]] (''[[:en:Finland|Finland]]'')
# [[France]] (''[[:en:France|France]]'')
# [[Germany]] (''[[:en:Germany|Germany]]'')
# [[Greece]] (''[[:en:Greece|Greece]]'')
# [[India]] (''[[:en:India|India]]'')
# [[Indonesia]] (''[[:en:Indonesia|Indonesia]]'')
# [[Iran]] (''[[:en:Iran|Iran]]'')
# [[Iraq]] (''[[:en:Iraq|Iraq]]'')
# [[Republic of Ireland]] (''[[:en:Republic of Ireland|Republic of Ireland]]'')
# [[Israel]] (''[[:en:Israel|Israel]]'')
# [[Italy]] (''[[:en:Italy|Italy]]'')
# [[Japan]] (''[[:en:Japan|Japan]]'')
# [[Mexico]] (''[[:en:Mexico|Mexico]]'')
# [[Netherlands]] (''[[:en:Netherlands|Netherlands]]'')
# [[Nigeria]] (''[[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]'')
# [[Norway]] (''[[:en:Norway|Norway]]'')
# [[Pakistan]] (''[[:en:Pakistan|Pakistan]]'')
# [[Philippines]] (''[[:en:Philippines|Philippines]]'')
# [[Poland]] (''[[:en:Poland|Poland]]'')
# [[Russia]] (''[[:en:Russia|Russia]]'')
# [[Saudi Arabia]] (''[[:en:Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]]'')
# [[Singapore]] (''[[:en:Singapore|Singapore]]'')
# [[South Africa]] (''[[:en:South Africa|South Africa]]'')
# [[South Korea]] (''[[:en:South Korea|South Korea]]'')
# [[Spain]] (''[[:en:Spain|Spain]]'')
# [[Sweden]] (''[[:en:Sweden|Sweden]]'')
# [[Switzerland]] (''[[:en:Switzerland|Switzerland]]'')
# [[Republic of China|Republic of China (Taiwan)]] (''[[:en:Republic of China|Republic of China (Taiwan)]]'')
# [[Thailand]] (''[[:en:Thailand|Thailand]]'')
# [[Turkey]] (''[[:en:Turkey|Turkey]]'')
# [[Ukraine]] (''[[:en:Ukraine|Ukraine]]'')
# [[United Kingdom]] (''[[:en:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]'')
# [[United States]] (''[[:en:United States|United States]]'')
# [[Vietnam]] (''[[:en:Vietnam|Vietnam]]'')

=== Mountains, valleys and deserts (''Mountains, valleys and deserts'') ===
# [[Alps]] (''[[:en:Alps|Alps]]'')
# [[Andes]] (''[[:en:Andes|Andes]]'')
# [[Gobi Desert]] (''[[:en:Gobi Desert|Gobi Desert]]'')
# [[Grand Canyon]] (''[[:en:Grand Canyon|Grand Canyon]]'')
# [[Himalayas]] (''[[:en:Himalayas|Himalayas]]'')
# [[Mount Everest]] (''[[:en:Mount Everest|Mount Everest]]'')
# [[Sahara]] (''[[:en:Sahara|Sahara]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Arts and culture (''Arts and culture'') (56 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
# [[Vutshila]] (''[[:en:Art|Art]]'')
# [[History of art]] (''[[:en:History of art|History of art]]'')
# [[Aesthetics]] (''[[:en:Aesthetics|Aesthetics]]'')

==== Artistic movements (''Artistic movements'') ====
# [[Gothic]] (''[[:en:Gothic|Gothic]]'')
# [[Baroque]] (''[[:en:Baroque|Baroque]]'')
# [[Romanticism]] (''[[:en:Romanticism|Romanticism]]'')
# [[Modernism]] (''[[:en:Modernism|Modernism]]'')
# [[Postmodernism]] (''[[:en:Postmodernism|Postmodernism]]'')
# [[Pop culture]] (''[[:en:Pop culture|Pop culture]]'')

==== Literature (''Literature'') ====
# [[Literature]] (''[[:en:Literature|Literature]]'')
# [[History of literature]] (''[[:en:History of literature|History of literature]]'')
# [[Prose]] (''[[:en:Prose|Prose]]'')
# [[Book]] (''[[:en:Book|Book]]'')
# [[Fiction]] (''[[:en:Fiction|Fiction]]'')
# [[Novel]] (''[[:en:Novel|Novel]]'')
# [[Short story]] (''[[:en:Short story|Short story]]'')
# [[Poetry]] (''[[:en:Poetry|Poetry]]'')
# [[Rhyme]] (''[[:en:Rhyme|Rhyme]]'')
# Forms (''Forms'')
# [[Epic poetry]] (''[[:en:Epic poetry|Epic poetry]]'')
# [[Haiku]] (''[[:en:Haiku|Haiku]]'')
# [[Sonnet]] (''[[:en:Sonnet|Sonnet]]'')

==== Music (''Music'') ====
# [[Music]] (''[[:en:Music|Music]]'')
# [[History of music]] (''[[:en:History of music|History of music]]'')
# [[Musical instrument]] (''[[:en:Musical instrument|Musical instrument]]'')
# [[Singing]] (''[[:en:Singing|Singing]]'')
# Genres (''Genres'')
# [[Classical music]] (''[[:en:Classical music|Classical music]]'')
# [[Folk music]] (''[[:en:Folk music|Folk music]]'')
# [[Hip hop music]] (''[[:en:Hip hop music|Hip hop music]]'')
# [[Jazz]] (''[[:en:Jazz|Jazz]]'')
# [[Pop music]] (''[[:en:Pop music|Pop music]]'')
# [[Rock music]] (''[[:en:Rock music|Rock music]]'')
{{col-break}}

==== Performing arts (''Performing arts'') ====
# [[Performing arts]] (''[[:en:Performing arts|Performing arts]]'')
# [[Dance]] (''[[:en:Dance|Dance]]'')
# [[Ballet]] (''[[:en:Ballet|Ballet]]'')
# [[Film]] (''[[:en:Film|Film]]'')
# [[Documentary]] (''[[:en:Documentary|Documentary]]'')
# [[Opera]] (''[[:en:Opera|Opera]]'')
# [[Orchestra]] (''[[:en:Orchestra|Orchestra]]'')
# [[Theatre]] (''[[:en:Theatre|Theatre]]'')
# [[Comedy]] (''[[:en:Comedy|Comedy]]'')
# [[Tragedy]] (''[[:en:Tragedy|Tragedy]]'')

==== Visual arts (''Visual arts'') ====
# [[Visual arts]] (''[[:en:Visual arts|Visual arts]]'')
# [[Architecture]] (''[[:en:Architecture|Architecture]]'')
# [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]] (''[[:en:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World|Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]'')
# [[Great Wall of China]] (''[[:en:Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]]'')
# [[Comics]] (''[[:en:Comics|Comics]]'')
# [[Drawing]] (''[[:en:Drawing|Drawing]]'')
# [[Painting]] (''[[:en:Painting|Painting]]'')
# [[Illustration]] (''[[:en:Illustration|Illustration]]'')
# [[Portrait]] (''[[:en:Portrait|Portrait]]'')
# [[Photography]] (''[[:en:Photography|Photography]]'')
# [[Sculpture]] (''[[:en:Sculpture|Sculpture]]'')
# [[Pottery]] (''[[:en:Pottery|Pottery]]'')
# [[Statue]] (''[[:en:Statue|Statue]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Philosophy and religion (''Philosophy and religion'') (77 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
=== Philosophy (''Philosophy'') ===
# [[Philosophy]] (''[[:en:Philosophy|Philosophy]]'')
# Philosophical branches (''Philosophical branches'')
# [[Ethics (philosophy)|Ethics]] (''[[:en:Ethics (philosophy)|Ethics|Ethics (philosophy)|Ethics]]'')
# [[Epistemology]] (''[[:en:Epistemology|Epistemology]]'')
# [[Belief]] (''[[:en:Belief|Belief]]'')
# [[Knowledge]] (''[[:en:Knowledge|Knowledge]]'')
# [[Truth]] (''[[:en:Truth|Truth]]'')
# [[Logic]] (''[[:en:Logic|Logic]]'')
# [[Metaphysics]] (''[[:en:Metaphysics|Metaphysics]]'')
# [[Existence]] (''[[:en:Existence|Existence]]'')
# [[Ontology]] (''[[:en:Ontology|Ontology]]'')
# [[Free will]] (''[[:en:Free will|Free will]]'')
# Philosophy by region and period (''Philosophy by region and period'')
# [[Western philosophy]] (''[[:en:Western philosophy|Western philosophy]]'')
# [[Greek philosophy]] (''[[:en:Greek philosophy|Greek philosophy]]'')
# [[Medieval philosophy]] (''[[:en:Medieval philosophy|Medieval philosophy]]'')
# [[Contemporary philosophy]] (''[[:en:Contemporary philosophy|Contemporary philosophy]]'')
# [[Eastern philosophy]] (''[[:en:Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophy]]'')
# [[Chinese philosophy]] (''[[:en:Chinese philosophy|Chinese philosophy]]'')
# [[Indian philosophy]] (''[[:en:Indian philosophy|Indian philosophy]]'')
# [[Islamic philosophy]] (''[[:en:Islamic philosophy|Islamic philosophy]]'')
# Philosophical movements (''Philosophical movements'')
# [[Confucianism]] (''[[:en:Confucianism|Confucianism]]'')
# [[Existentialism]] (''[[:en:Existentialism|Existentialism]]'')
# [[Idealism]] (''[[:en:Idealism|Idealism]]'')
# [[Hedonism]] (''[[:en:Hedonism|Hedonism]]'')
# [[Humanism]] (''[[:en:Humanism|Humanism]]'')
# [[Marxism]] (''[[:en:Marxism|Marxism]]'')
# [[Nihilism]] (''[[:en:Nihilism|Nihilism]]'')
# [[Rationalism]] (''[[:en:Rationalism|Rationalism]]'')
# [[Realism]] (''[[:en:Realism|Realism]]'')
# [[Skepticism]] (''[[:en:Skepticism|Skepticism]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Religion (''Religion'') ===
# [[Religion]] (''[[:en:Religion|Religion]]'')
# [[Deity]] (''[[:en:Deity|Deity]]'')
# [[God]] (''[[:en:God|God]]'')
# [[Goddess]] (''[[:en:Goddess|Goddess]]'')
# [[Mythology]] (''[[:en:Mythology|Mythology]]'')
# [[Mysticism]] (''[[:en:Mysticism|Mysticism]]'')
# [[Soul]] (''[[:en:Soul|Soul]]'')
# [[Spirituality]] (''[[:en:Spirituality|Spirituality]]'')
# [[Meditation]] (''[[:en:Meditation|Meditation]]'')
# [[Prayer]] (''[[:en:Prayer|Prayer]]'')
# [[Worship]] (''[[:en:Worship|Worship]]'')
# [[Yoga]] (''[[:en:Yoga|Yoga]]'')
# Theistic philosophies (''Theistic philosophies'')
# [[Theism]] (''[[:en:Theism|Theism]]'')
# [[Agnosticism]] (''[[:en:Agnosticism|Agnosticism]]'')
# [[Atheism]] (''[[:en:Atheism|Atheism]]'')
# [[Deism]] (''[[:en:Deism|Deism]]'')
# [[Gnosticism]] (''[[:en:Gnosticism|Gnosticism]]'')
# [[Pantheism]] (''[[:en:Pantheism|Pantheism]]'')

=== Specific religions (''Specific religions'') ===
# [[Bahá'í Faith]] (''[[:en:Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í Faith]]'')
# [[Buddhism]] (''[[:en:Buddhism|Buddhism]]'')
# [[Mahayana]] (''[[:en:Mahayana|Mahayana]]'')
# [[Theravada]] (''[[:en:Theravada|Theravada]]'')
# [[Vajrayana]] (''[[:en:Vajrayana|Vajrayana]]'')
# [[Christianity]] (''[[:en:Christianity|Christianity]]'')
# [[Bible]] (''[[:en:Bible|Bible]]'')
# [[Roman Catholic Church]] (''[[:en:Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]'')
# [[Church]] (''[[:en:Church|Church]]'')
# [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] (''[[:en:Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Church]]'')
# [[Protestantism]] (''[[:en:Protestantism|Protestantism]]'')
# [[Pope]] (''[[:en:Pope|Pope]]'')
# [[Hinduism]] (''[[:en:Hinduism|Hinduism]]'')
# [[Bhagavad Gita]] (''[[:en:Bhagavad Gita|Bhagavad Gita]]'')
# [[Krishna]] (''[[:en:Krishna|Krishna]]'')
# [[Upanishad]] (''[[:en:Upanishad|Upanishad]]'')
# [[Vedas]] (''[[:en:Vedas|Vedas]]'')
# [[Islam]] (''[[:en:Islam|Islam]]'')
# [[Mosque]] (''[[:en:Mosque|Mosque]]'')
# [[Shia Islam]] (''[[:en:Shia Islam|Shia Islam]]'')
# [[Sunni Islam]] (''[[:en:Sunni Islam|Sunni Islam]]'')
# [[Qur'an]] (''[[:en:Qur'an|Qur'an]]'')
# [[Jainism]] (''[[:en:Jainism|Jainism]]'')
# [[Judaism]] (''[[:en:Judaism|Judaism]]'')
# [[Tanakh]] (''[[:en:Tanakh|Tanakh]]'')
# [[Shinto]] (''[[:en:Shinto|Shinto]]'')
# [[Sikhism]] (''[[:en:Sikhism|Sikhism]]'')
# [[Guru Granth Sahib]] (''[[:en:Guru Granth Sahib|Guru Granth Sahib]]'')
# [[Taoism]] (''[[:en:Taoism|Taoism]]'')
# [[Voodoo]] (''[[:en:Voodoo|Voodoo]]'')
# [[Zoroastrianism]] (''[[:en:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Everyday life (''Everyday life'') (82 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
# [[Clothing]] (''[[:en:Clothing|Clothing]]'')
# [[Cooking]] (''[[:en:Cooking|Cooking]]'')
# [[Color]] (''[[:en:Color|Color]]'')
# [[Black]] (''[[:en:Black|Black]]'')
# [[White]] (''[[:en:White|White]]'')
# [[Emotion]] (''[[:en:Emotion|Emotion]]'')
# [[Anger]] (''[[:en:Anger|Anger]]'')
# [[Fear]] (''[[:en:Fear|Fear]]'')
# [[Love]] (''[[:en:Love|Love]]'')
# [[Happiness]] (''[[:en:Happiness|Happiness]]'')
# [[Family]] (''[[:en:Family|Family]]'')
# [[Adult]] (''[[:en:Adult|Adult]]'')
# [[Child]] (''[[:en:Child|Child]]'')
# [[Infant]] (''[[:en:Infant|Infant]]'')
# [[Marriage]] (''[[:en:Marriage|Marriage]]'')
# [[Gender]] (''[[:en:Gender|Gender]]'')
# [[Man]] (''[[:en:Man|Man]]'')
# [[Woman]] (''[[:en:Woman|Woman]]'')
# [[Mind]] (''[[:en:Mind|Mind]]'')
# [[Consciousness]] (''[[:en:Consciousness|Consciousness]]'')
# [[Thought]] (''[[:en:Thought|Thought]]'')
# [[Sleep]] (''[[:en:Sleep|Sleep]]'')
# [[Dream]] (''[[:en:Dream|Dream]]'')

=== Food and drink (''Food and drink'') ===
# [[Food]] (''[[:en:Food|Food]]'')
# [[Bread]] (''[[:en:Bread|Bread]]'')
# [[Cheese]] (''[[:en:Cheese|Cheese]]'')
# [[Fruit]] (''[[:en:Fruit|Fruit]]'')
# [[Grain]] (''[[:en:Grain|Grain]]'')
# [[Maize]] (''[[:en:Maize|Maize]]'')
# [[Meat]] (''[[:en:Meat|Meat]]'')
# [[Oat]] (''[[:en:Oat|Oat]]'')
# [[Potato]] (''[[:en:Potato|Potato]]'')
# [[Rice]] (''[[:en:Rice|Rice]]'')
# [[Soybean]] (''[[:en:Soybean|Soybean]]'')
# [[Vegetable]] (''[[:en:Vegetable|Vegetable]]'')
# [[Wheat]] (''[[:en:Wheat|Wheat]]'')
# [[Beer]] (''[[:en:Beer|Beer]]'')
# [[Coffee]] (''[[:en:Coffee|Coffee]]'')
# [[Drinking water]] (''[[:en:Drinking water|Drinking water]]'')
# [[Milk]] (''[[:en:Milk|Milk]]'')
# [[Tea]] (''[[:en:Tea|Tea]]'')
# [[Wine]] (''[[:en:Wine|Wine]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Language (''Language'') ===
# [[Ririmi]] (''[[:en:Language|Language]]'')
# [[Alphabet]] (''[[:en:Alphabet|Alphabet]]'')
# [[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]] (''[[:en:Letter (alphabet)|Letter|Letter (alphabet)|Letter]]'')
# [[Grammar]] (''[[:en:Grammar|Grammar]]'')
# [[Word]] (''[[:en:Word|Word]]'')
# [[Writing]] (''[[:en:Writing|Writing]]'')
# Specific languages (''Specific languages'')
# [[Arabic language]] (''[[:en:Arabic language|Arabic language]]'')
# [[Bengali language]] (''[[:en:Bengali language|Bengali language]]'')
# [[Chinese language]] (''[[:en:Chinese language|Chinese language]]'')
# [[English language]] (''[[:en:English language|English language]]'')
# [[French language]] (''[[:en:French language|French language]]'')
# [[German language]] (''[[:en:German language|German language]]'')
# [[Hindi]] (''[[:en:Hindi|Hindi]]'')
# [[Japanese language]] (''[[:en:Japanese language|Japanese language]]'')
# [[Latin]] (''[[:en:Latin|Latin]]'')
# [[Portuguese language]] (''[[:en:Portuguese language|Portuguese language]]'')
# [[Punjabi language]] (''[[:en:Punjabi language|Punjabi language]]'')
# [[Russian language]] (''[[:en:Russian language|Russian language]]'')
# [[Sanskrit]] (''[[:en:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]'')
# [[Spanish language]] (''[[:en:Spanish language|Spanish language]]'')
# [[Swahili language]] (''[[:en:Swahili language|Swahili language]]'')
# [[Turkish language]] (''[[:en:Turkish language|Turkish language]]'')

=== Recreation and entertainment (''Recreation and entertainment'') ===
# [[Recreation]] (''[[:en:Recreation|Recreation]]'')
# [[Game]] (''[[:en:Game|Game]]'')
# [[Board game]] (''[[:en:Board game|Board game]]'')
# [[Chess]] (''[[:en:Chess|Chess]]'')
# [[Draughts]] (''[[:en:Draughts|Draughts]]'')
# [[Go (board game)|Go]] (''[[:en:Go (board game)|Go|Go (board game)|Go]]'')
# [[Mancala]] (''[[:en:Mancala|Mancala]]'')
# [[Video game]] (''[[:en:Video game|Video game]]'')
# [[Gambling]] (''[[:en:Gambling|Gambling]]'')
# [[Sport]] (''[[:en:Sport|Sport]]'')
# [[Association football|Association football (soccer)]] (''[[:en:Association football|Association football (soccer)]]'')
# [[Athletics (track and field)]] (''[[:en:Athletics (track and field)|Athletics (track and field)]]'')
# [[Toy]] (''[[:en:Toy|Toy]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Society and social sciences (''Society and social sciences'') (88 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
# [[Society]] (''[[:en:Society|Society]]'')
# [[Ndzhavuko]] (''[[:en:Culture|Culture]]'')

=== Social issues (''Social issues'') ===
# [[Abortion]] (''[[:en:Abortion|Abortion]]'')
# [[Euthanasia]] (''[[:en:Euthanasia|Euthanasia]]'')
# [[Suicide]] (''[[:en:Suicide|Suicide]]'')
# [[Discrimination]] (''[[:en:Discrimination|Discrimination]]'')
# [[Racism]] (''[[:en:Racism|Racism]]'')
# [[Sexism]] (''[[:en:Sexism|Sexism]]'')
# [[Education]] (''[[:en:Education|Education]]'')
# [[Freedom (political)|Freedom]] (''[[:en:Freedom (political)|Freedom|Freedom (political)|Freedom]]'')
# [[Slavery]] (''[[:en:Slavery|Slavery]]'')
# [[Globalization]] (''[[:en:Globalization|Globalization]]'')
# [[Law]] (''[[:en:Law|Law]]'')
# [[Capital punishment]] (''[[:en:Capital punishment|Capital punishment]]'')
# [[Civil rights]] (''[[:en:Civil rights|Civil rights]]'')
# [[Constitution]] (''[[:en:Constitution|Constitution]]'')
# [[Crime]] (''[[:en:Crime|Crime]]'')
# [[Justice]] (''[[:en:Justice|Justice]]'')
# [[Police]] (''[[:en:Police|Police]]'')
# [[Peace]] (''[[:en:Peace|Peace]]'')
# [[War]] (''[[:en:War|War]]'')
# [[Pollution]] (''[[:en:Pollution|Pollution]]'')
# [[Poverty]] (''[[:en:Poverty|Poverty]]'')
# [[Social movement]] (''[[:en:Social movement|Social movement]]'')
# [[Environmentalism]] (''[[:en:Environmentalism|Environmentalism]]'')
# [[Feminism]] (''[[:en:Feminism|Feminism]]'')

=== Business and economics (''Business and economics'') ===
# [[Business]] (''[[:en:Business|Business]]'')
# [[Economics]] (''[[:en:Economics|Economics]]'')
# [[Good (economics and accounting)|Good]] (''[[:en:Good (economics and accounting)|Good|Good (economics and accounting)|Good]]'')
# [[Service (economics)]] (''[[:en:Service (economics)|Service (economics)]]'')
# [[Supply and demand]] (''[[:en:Supply and demand|Supply and demand]]'')
# [[Company (law)|Company]] (''[[:en:Company (law)|Company|Company (law)|Company]]'')
# [[Corporation]] (''[[:en:Corporation|Corporation]]'')
# [[Finance]] (''[[:en:Finance|Finance]]'')
# [[Industry]] (''[[:en:Industry|Industry]]'')
# [[Agriculture]] (''[[:en:Agriculture|Agriculture]]'')
# [[Manufacturing]] (''[[:en:Manufacturing|Manufacturing]]'')
# [[Mining]] (''[[:en:Mining|Mining]]'')
# [[Market]] (''[[:en:Market|Market]]'')
# [[Marketing]] (''[[:en:Marketing|Marketing]]'')
# [[Money]] (''[[:en:Money|Money]]'')
# [[Euro]] (''[[:en:Euro|Euro]]'')
# [[Japanese yen]] (''[[:en:Japanese yen|Japanese yen]]'')
# [[Pound sterling]] (''[[:en:Pound sterling|Pound sterling]]'')
# [[Renminbi]] (''[[:en:Renminbi|Renminbi]]'')
# [[United States dollar]] (''[[:en:United States dollar|United States dollar]]'')
# [[Tax]] (''[[:en:Tax|Tax]]'')
# [[Trade]] (''[[:en:Trade|Trade]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Media (''Media'') ===
# [[Advertising]] (''[[:en:Advertising|Advertising]]'')
# [[Broadcasting]] (''[[:en:Broadcasting|Broadcasting]]'')
# [[Journalism]] (''[[:en:Journalism|Journalism]]'')
# [[Magazine]] (''[[:en:Magazine|Magazine]]'')
# [[Mass media]] (''[[:en:Mass media|Mass media]]'')
# [[News]] (''[[:en:News|News]]'')
# [[Newspaper]] (''[[:en:Newspaper|Newspaper]]'')
# [[Publishing]] (''[[:en:Publishing|Publishing]]'')

=== Politics and government (''Politics and government'') ===
# [[Politics]] (''[[:en:Politics|Politics]]'')
# [[Government]] (''[[:en:Government|Government]]'')
# [[Capitalism]] (''[[:en:Capitalism|Capitalism]]'')
# [[Socialism]] (''[[:en:Socialism|Socialism]]'')
# [[Civics]] (''[[:en:Civics|Civics]]'')
# [[Anarchism]] (''[[:en:Anarchism|Anarchism]]'')
# [[Communism]] (''[[:en:Communism|Communism]]'')
# [[Democracy]] (''[[:en:Democracy|Democracy]]'')
# [[Dictatorship]] (''[[:en:Dictatorship|Dictatorship]]'')
# [[Fascism]] (''[[:en:Fascism|Fascism]]'')
# [[Monarchy]] (''[[:en:Monarchy|Monarchy]]'')
# [[Theocracy]] (''[[:en:Theocracy|Theocracy]]'')
# [[Conservatism]] (''[[:en:Conservatism|Conservatism]]'')
# [[Liberalism]] (''[[:en:Liberalism|Liberalism]]'')
# [[Diplomacy]] (''[[:en:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]]'')
# [[Imperialism]] (''[[:en:Imperialism|Imperialism]]'')
# [[Military]] (''[[:en:Military|Military]]'')
# [[Nationalism]] (''[[:en:Nationalism|Nationalism]]'')
# [[State]] (''[[:en:State|State]]'')
# Specific political and governmental institutions (''Specific political and governmental institutions'')
# [[European Union]] (''[[:en:European Union|European Union]]'')
# [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]] (''[[:en:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]]'')
# [[NATO]] (''[[:en:NATO|NATO]]'')
# [[Nobel Prize]] (''[[:en:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]]'')
# [[OPEC]] (''[[:en:OPEC|OPEC]]'')
# [[United Nations]] (''[[:en:United Nations|United Nations]]'')
# [[World Health Organization]] (''[[:en:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]]'')
# [[World Trade Organization]] (''[[:en:World Trade Organization|World Trade Organization]]'')

=== Social sciences (''Social sciences'') ===
# [[Social sciences]] (''[[:en:Social sciences|Social sciences]]'')
# [[Anthropology]] (''[[:en:Anthropology|Anthropology]]'')
# [[Political science]] (''[[:en:Political science|Political science]]'')
# [[Psychology]] (''[[:en:Psychology|Psychology]]'')
# [[Sociology]] (''[[:en:Sociology|Sociology]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Health and medicine (''Health and medicine'') (48 articles) ==
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{{col-break}}
=== Disease (''Disease'') ===
# [[Disease]] (''[[:en:Disease|Disease]]'')
# [[Alzheimer's disease]] (''[[:en:Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer's disease]]'')
# [[Cancer]] (''[[:en:Cancer|Cancer]]'')
# [[Cholera]] (''[[:en:Cholera|Cholera]]'')
# [[Common cold]] (''[[:en:Common cold|Common cold]]'')
# [[Diabetes mellitus]] (''[[:en:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]]'')
# [[Dysentery]] (''[[:en:Dysentery|Dysentery]]'')
# [[Influenza]] (''[[:en:Influenza|Influenza]]'')
# [[Malaria]] (''[[:en:Malaria|Malaria]]'')
# [[Parkinson's disease]] (''[[:en:Parkinson's disease|Parkinson's disease]]'')
# [[Sexually transmitted disease]] (''[[:en:Sexually transmitted disease|Sexually transmitted disease]]'')
# [[AIDS]] (''[[:en:AIDS|AIDS]]'')
# [[Syphilis]] (''[[:en:Syphilis|Syphilis]]'')
# [[Smallpox]] (''[[:en:Smallpox|Smallpox]]'')
# [[Tuberculosis]] (''[[:en:Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]]'')

=== Health and fitness (''Health and fitness'') ===
# [[Health]] (''[[:en:Health|Health]]'')
# [[Physical fitness]] (''[[:en:Physical fitness|Physical fitness]]'')
# [[Physical exercise|Exercise]] (''[[:en:Physical exercise|Exercise|Physical exercise|Exercise]]'')
# [[Hygiene]] (''[[:en:Hygiene|Hygiene]]'')
# [[Obesity]] (''[[:en:Obesity|Obesity]]'')
# [[Stress (medicine)|Stress]] (''[[:en:Stress (medicine)|Stress|Stress (medicine)|Stress]]'')
# [[Addiction]] (''[[:en:Addiction|Addiction]]'')
# [[Drug]] (''[[:en:Drug|Drug]]'')
# [[Nutrition]] (''[[:en:Nutrition|Nutrition]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Medicine (''Medicine'') ===
# [[Medicine]] (''[[:en:Medicine|Medicine]]'')
# [[Birth control]] (''[[:en:Birth control|Birth control]]'')
# [[Coma]] (''[[:en:Coma|Coma]]'')
# [[Disability]] (''[[:en:Disability|Disability]]'')
# [[Autism]] (''[[:en:Autism|Autism]]'')
# [[Blindness]] (''[[:en:Blindness|Blindness]]'')
# [[Hearing impairment]] (''[[:en:Hearing impairment|Hearing impairment]]'')
# [[Mental illness]] (''[[:en:Mental illness|Mental illness]]'')
# [[Physical trauma]] (''[[:en:Physical trauma|Physical trauma]]'')
# [[Aneurysm]] (''[[:en:Aneurysm|Aneurysm]]'')
# [[Bone fracture]] (''[[:en:Bone fracture|Bone fracture]]'')
# [[Brain damage]] (''[[:en:Brain damage|Brain damage]]'')
# [[Burn (injury)|Burn]] (''[[:en:Burn (injury)|Burn|Burn (injury)|Burn]]'')
# [[Cardiac arrest]] (''[[:en:Cardiac arrest|Cardiac arrest]]'')
# [[Frostbite]] (''[[:en:Frostbite|Frostbite]]'')
# [[Bleeding]] (''[[:en:Bleeding|Bleeding]]'')
# [[Inflammation]] (''[[:en:Inflammation|Inflammation]]'')
# [[Respiratory failure]] (''[[:en:Respiratory failure|Respiratory failure]]'')
# [[Shock (medical)|Shock]] (''[[:en:Shock (medical)|Shock|Shock (medical)|Shock]]'')
# [[Stroke]] (''[[:en:Stroke|Stroke]]'')
# [[Medication]] (''[[:en:Medication|Medication]]'')
# [[Antibiotic]] (''[[:en:Antibiotic|Antibiotic]]'')
# [[Vaccine]] (''[[:en:Vaccine|Vaccine]]'')
# [[Physician]] (''[[:en:Physician|Physician]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Science (''Science'') (177 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# [[Sayensi]] (''[[:en:Science|Science]]'')
# [[History of science]] (''[[:en:History of science|History of science]]'')
# [[Nature]] (''[[:en:Nature|Nature]]'')
# [[Philosophy of science]] (''[[:en:Philosophy of science|Philosophy of science]]'')
# [[Scientific method]] (''[[:en:Scientific method|Scientific method]]'')

=== Astronomy (''Astronomy'') ===
# [[Astronomy]] (''[[:en:Astronomy|Astronomy]]'')
# [[Asteroid]] (''[[:en:Asteroid|Asteroid]]'')
# [[Asteroid belt]] (''[[:en:Asteroid belt|Asteroid belt]]'')
# [[Big Bang]] (''[[:en:Big Bang|Big Bang]]'')
# [[Comet]] (''[[:en:Comet|Comet]]'')
# [[Eclipse]] (''[[:en:Eclipse|Eclipse]]'')
# [[Galaxy]] (''[[:en:Galaxy|Galaxy]]'')
# [[Milky Way]] (''[[:en:Milky Way|Milky Way]]'')
# [[Natural satellite]] (''[[:en:Natural satellite|Natural satellite]]'')
# [[Orbit]] (''[[:en:Orbit|Orbit]]'')
# [[Outer space]] (''[[:en:Outer space|Outer space]]'')
# [[Physical cosmology]] (''[[:en:Physical cosmology|Physical cosmology]]'')
# [[Planet]] (''[[:en:Planet|Planet]]'')
# [[Solar System]] (''[[:en:Solar System|Solar System]]'')
# [[Sun]] (''[[:en:Sun|Sun]]'')
# [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] (''[[:en:Mercury (planet)|Mercury|Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]'')
# [[Venus]] (''[[:en:Venus|Venus]]'')
# [[Misava]] (''[[:en:Earth|Earth]]'')
# [[Moon]] (''[[:en:Moon|Moon]]'')
# [[Mars]] (''[[:en:Mars|Mars]]'')
# [[Jupiter]] (''[[:en:Jupiter|Jupiter]]'')
# [[Saturn]] (''[[:en:Saturn|Saturn]]'')
# [[Uranus]] (''[[:en:Uranus|Uranus]]'')
# [[Neptune]] (''[[:en:Neptune|Neptune]]'')
# [[Pluto]] (''[[:en:Pluto|Pluto]]'')
# [[Star]] (''[[:en:Star|Star]]'')
# [[Supernova]] (''[[:en:Supernova|Supernova]]'')
# [[Universe]] (''[[:en:Universe|Universe]]'')

=== Biology (''Biology'') ===
# [[Biology]] (''[[:en:Biology|Biology]]'')
# [[Vutomi]] (''[[:en:Life|Life]]'')
# [[Abiogenesis]] (''[[:en:Abiogenesis|Abiogenesis]]'')
# [[Anatomy]] (''[[:en:Anatomy|Anatomy]]'')
# [[Brain]] (''[[:en:Brain|Brain]]'')
# [[Gastrointestinal tract]] (''[[:en:Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal tract]]'')
# [[Heart]] (''[[:en:Heart|Heart]]'')
# [[Immune system]] (''[[:en:Immune system|Immune system]]'')
# [[Lung]] (''[[:en:Lung|Lung]]'')
# [[Skeleton]] (''[[:en:Skeleton|Skeleton]]'')
# [[Reproduction]] (''[[:en:Reproduction|Reproduction]]'')
# [[Pregnancy]] (''[[:en:Pregnancy|Pregnancy]]'')
# [[Sex]] (''[[:en:Sex|Sex]]'')
# [[Botany]] (''[[:en:Botany|Botany]]'')
# [[Cell (biology)]] (''[[:en:Cell (biology)|Cell (biology)]]'')
# [[Ecology]] (''[[:en:Ecology|Ecology]]'')
# [[Ecosystem]] (''[[:en:Ecosystem|Ecosystem]]'')
# [[Evolution]] (''[[:en:Evolution|Evolution]]'')
# [[Natural selection]] (''[[:en:Natural selection|Natural selection]]'')
# [[Genetics]] (''[[:en:Genetics|Genetics]]'')
# [[DNA]] (''[[:en:DNA|DNA]]'')
# [[Gene]] (''[[:en:Gene|Gene]]'')
# [[Heredity]] (''[[:en:Heredity|Heredity]]'')
# [[Organism]] (''[[:en:Organism|Organism]]'')
# [[Animal]] (''[[:en:Animal|Animal]]'')
# [[Amphibian]] (''[[:en:Amphibian|Amphibian]]'')
# [[Bird]] (''[[:en:Bird|Bird]]'')
# [[Dinosaur]] (''[[:en:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]]'')
# [[Fish]] (''[[:en:Fish|Fish]]'')
# [[Insect]] (''[[:en:Insect|Insect]]'')
# [[Mammal]] (''[[:en:Mammal|Mammal]]'')
## [[Cattle]] (''[[:en:Cattle|Cattle]]'')
## [[Cat]] (''[[:en:Cat|Cat]]'')
## [[Dog]] (''[[:en:Dog|Dog]]'')
## [[Horse]] (''[[:en:Horse|Horse]]'')
## [[Vanhu]] (''[[:en:Human|Human]]'')
# [[Reptile]] (''[[:en:Reptile|Reptile]]'')
# [[Archaea]] (''[[:en:Archaea|Archaea]]'')
# [[Bacteria]] (''[[:en:Bacteria|Bacteria]]'')
# [[Fungus]] (''[[:en:Fungus|Fungus]]'')
# [[Plant]] (''[[:en:Plant|Plant]]'')
# [[Flower]] (''[[:en:Flower|Flower]]'')
# [[Tree]] (''[[:en:Tree|Tree]]'')
# [[Protist]] (''[[:en:Protist|Protist]]'')
# [[Species]] (''[[:en:Species|Species]]'')
# [[Zoology]] (''[[:en:Zoology|Zoology]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Chemistry (''Chemistry'') ===
# [[Chemistry]] (''[[:en:Chemistry|Chemistry]]'')
# [[Biochemistry]] (''[[:en:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]]'')
# [[Organic chemistry]] (''[[:en:Organic chemistry|Organic chemistry]]'')
# [[Inorganic chemistry]] (''[[:en:Inorganic chemistry|Inorganic chemistry]]'')
# [[Acid]] (''[[:en:Acid|Acid]]'')
# [[Alloy]] (''[[:en:Alloy|Alloy]]'')
# [[Bronze]] (''[[:en:Bronze|Bronze]]'')
# [[Steel]] (''[[:en:Steel|Steel]]'')
# [[Atom]] (''[[:en:Atom|Atom]]'')
# [[Base (chemistry)|Base]] (''[[:en:Base (chemistry)|Base|Base (chemistry)|Base]]'')
# [[Catalysis]] (''[[:en:Catalysis|Catalysis]]'')
# [[Chemical bond]] (''[[:en:Chemical bond|Chemical bond]]'')
# [[Chemical compound]] (''[[:en:Chemical compound|Chemical compound]]'')
# [[Alcohol]] (''[[:en:Alcohol|Alcohol]]'')
# [[Carbon dioxide]] (''[[:en:Carbon dioxide|Carbon dioxide]]'')
# [[Oil]] (''[[:en:Oil|Oil]]'')
# [[Salt (chemistry)|Salt]] (''[[:en:Salt (chemistry)|Salt|Salt (chemistry)|Salt]]'')
# [[Water]] (''[[:en:Water|Water]]'')
# [[Chemical element]] (''[[:en:Chemical element|Chemical element]]'')
# [[Aluminium]] (''[[:en:Aluminium|Aluminium]]'')
# [[Carbon]] (''[[:en:Carbon|Carbon]]'')
# [[Copper]] (''[[:en:Copper|Copper]]'')
# [[Gold]] (''[[:en:Gold|Gold]]'')
# [[Helium]] (''[[:en:Helium|Helium]]'')
# [[Hydrogen]] (''[[:en:Hydrogen|Hydrogen]]'')
# [[Iron]] (''[[:en:Iron|Iron]]'')
# [[Nitrogen]] (''[[:en:Nitrogen|Nitrogen]]'')
# [[Oxygen]] (''[[:en:Oxygen|Oxygen]]'')
# [[Silicon]] (''[[:en:Silicon|Silicon]]'')
# [[Silver]] (''[[:en:Silver|Silver]]'')
# [[Sulfur]] (''[[:en:Sulfur|Sulfur]]'')
# [[Uranium]] (''[[:en:Uranium|Uranium]]'')
# [[Chemical reaction]] (''[[:en:Chemical reaction|Chemical reaction]]'')
# [[Crystal]] (''[[:en:Crystal|Crystal]]'')
# [[Electrolysis]] (''[[:en:Electrolysis|Electrolysis]]'')
# [[Glass]] (''[[:en:Glass|Glass]]'')
# [[Ion]] (''[[:en:Ion|Ion]]'')
# [[Metal]] (''[[:en:Metal|Metal]]'')
# [[Mineral]] (''[[:en:Mineral|Mineral]]'')
# [[Molecule]] (''[[:en:Molecule|Molecule]]'')
# [[Periodic table]] (''[[:en:Periodic table|Periodic table]]'')

=== Earth science (''Earth science'') ===
# [[Earth science]] (''[[:en:Earth science|Earth science]]'')
# [[Matimu ya misava]] (''[[:en:History of Earth|History of Earth]]'')
# [[Geology]] (''[[:en:Geology|Geology]]'')
# [[Avalanche]] (''[[:en:Avalanche|Avalanche]]'')
# [[Crust (geology)|Crust]] (''[[:en:Crust (geology)|Crust|Crust (geology)|Crust]]'')
# [[Earthquake]] (''[[:en:Earthquake|Earthquake]]'')
# [[Erosion]] (''[[:en:Erosion|Erosion]]'')
# [[Geologic fault]] (''[[:en:Geologic fault|Geologic fault]]'')
# [[Magma]] (''[[:en:Magma|Magma]]'')
# [[Mantle (geology)|Mantle]] (''[[:en:Mantle (geology)|Mantle|Mantle (geology)|Mantle]]'')
# [[Plate tectonics]] (''[[:en:Plate tectonics|Plate tectonics]]'')
# [[Volcano]] (''[[:en:Volcano|Volcano]]'')
# [[Earth's atmosphere]] (''[[:en:Earth's atmosphere|Earth's atmosphere]]'')
# [[Climate]] (''[[:en:Climate|Climate]]'')
# [[Cloud]] (''[[:en:Cloud|Cloud]]'')
# [[Flood]] (''[[:en:Flood|Flood]]'')
# [[Global warming]] (''[[:en:Global warming|Global warming]]'')
# [[Meteorology]] (''[[:en:Meteorology|Meteorology]]'')
# [[Rain]] (''[[:en:Rain|Rain]]'')
# [[Tornado]] (''[[:en:Tornado|Tornado]]'')
# [[Tropical cyclone]] (''[[:en:Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]]'')
# [[Weather]] (''[[:en:Weather|Weather]]'')
# [[Oceanography]] (''[[:en:Oceanography|Oceanography]]'')

=== Physics (''Physics'') ===
# [[Physics]] (''[[:en:Physics|Physics]]'')
# [[Particle physics]] (''[[:en:Particle physics|Particle physics]]'')
# [[Standard Model]] (''[[:en:Standard Model|Standard Model]]'')
# [[Subatomic particle]] (''[[:en:Subatomic particle|Subatomic particle]]'')
# [[Electron]] (''[[:en:Electron|Electron]]'')
# [[Neutrino]] (''[[:en:Neutrino|Neutrino]]'')
# [[Neutron]] (''[[:en:Neutron|Neutron]]'')
# [[Photon]] (''[[:en:Photon|Photon]]'')
# [[Proton]] (''[[:en:Proton|Proton]]'')
# [[Classical mechanics]] (''[[:en:Classical mechanics|Classical mechanics]]'')
# [[Kinematics]] (''[[:en:Kinematics|Kinematics]]'')
# [[Kinetics]] (''[[:en:Kinetics|Kinetics]]'')
# [[Energy]] (''[[:en:Energy|Energy]]'')
# [[Kinetic energy]] (''[[:en:Kinetic energy|Kinetic energy]]'')
# [[Potential energy]] (''[[:en:Potential energy|Potential energy]]'')
# [[Force]] (''[[:en:Force|Force]]'')
# [[Electromagnetism]] (''[[:en:Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]]'')
# [[Gravitation]] (''[[:en:Gravitation|Gravitation]]'')
# [[Strong interaction]] (''[[:en:Strong interaction|Strong interaction]]'')
# [[Weak interaction]] (''[[:en:Weak interaction|Weak interaction]]'')
# [[Heat]] (''[[:en:Heat|Heat]]'')
# [[Temperature]] (''[[:en:Temperature|Temperature]]'')
# [[Light]] (''[[:en:Light|Light]]'')
# [[Electromagnetic radiation]] (''[[:en:Electromagnetic radiation|Electromagnetic radiation]]'')
# [[Speed of light]] (''[[:en:Speed of light|Speed of light]]'')
# [[Visible spectrum]] (''[[:en:Visible spectrum|Visible spectrum]]'')
# [[Mass]] (''[[:en:Mass|Mass]]'')
# [[Weight]] (''[[:en:Weight|Weight]]'')
# [[Matter]] (''[[:en:Matter|Matter]]'')
# [[Motion (physics)|Motion]] (''[[:en:Motion (physics)|Motion|Motion (physics)|Motion]]'')
# [[Quantum mechanics]] (''[[:en:Quantum mechanics|Quantum mechanics]]'')
# [[Sound]] (''[[:en:Sound|Sound]]'')
# [[Space]] (''[[:en:Space|Space]]'')
# [[Thermodynamics]] (''[[:en:Thermodynamics|Thermodynamics]]'')
# [[Theory of relativity]] (''[[:en:Theory of relativity|Theory of relativity]]'')
# [[Time]] (''[[:en:Time|Time]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Technology (''Technology'') (121 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# [[Thekinoloji]] (''[[:en:Technology|Technology]]'')
# [[History of technology]] (''[[:en:History of technology|History of technology]]'')
# [[Engineering]] (''[[:en:Engineering|Engineering]]'')
# [[Artificial intelligence]] (''[[:en:Artificial intelligence|Artificial intelligence]]'')
# [[Biotechnology]] (''[[:en:Biotechnology|Biotechnology]]'')
# [[Genetic engineering]] (''[[:en:Genetic engineering|Genetic engineering]]'')
# [[Nuclear technology]] (''[[:en:Nuclear technology|Nuclear technology]]'')
# [[Tool]] (''[[:en:Tool|Tool]]'')

=== Energy (''Energy'') ===
# [[Electricity]] (''[[:en:Electricity|Electricity]]'')
# [[Geothermal power]] (''[[:en:Geothermal power|Geothermal power]]'')
# [[Hydropower]] (''[[:en:Hydropower|Hydropower]]'')
# [[Nuclear power]] (''[[:en:Nuclear power|Nuclear power]]'')
# [[Petroleum]] (''[[:en:Petroleum|Petroleum]]'')
# [[Solar energy]] (''[[:en:Solar energy|Solar energy]]'')
# [[Wind power]] (''[[:en:Wind power|Wind power]]'')

=== Electronics (''Electronics'') ===
# [[Electronics]] (''[[:en:Electronics|Electronics]]'')
# [[Battery (electricity)|Battery]] (''[[:en:Battery (electricity)|Battery|Battery (electricity)|Battery]]'')
# [[Capacitor]] (''[[:en:Capacitor|Capacitor]]'')
# [[Diode]] (''[[:en:Diode|Diode]]'')
# [[Incandescent light bulb]] (''[[:en:Incandescent light bulb|Incandescent light bulb]]'')
# [[Integrated circuit]] (''[[:en:Integrated circuit|Integrated circuit]]'')
# [[Semiconductor]] (''[[:en:Semiconductor|Semiconductor]]'')
# [[Transistor]] (''[[:en:Transistor|Transistor]]'')

=== Mechanical and structural engineering (''Mechanical and structural engineering'') ===
# [[Mechanical engineering]] (''[[:en:Mechanical engineering|Mechanical engineering]]'')
# [[Engine]] (''[[:en:Engine|Engine]]'')
# [[Electric motor]] (''[[:en:Electric motor|Electric motor]]'')
# [[Internal combustion engine]] (''[[:en:Internal combustion engine|Internal combustion engine]]'')
# [[Jet engine]] (''[[:en:Jet engine|Jet engine]]'')
# [[Steam engine]] (''[[:en:Steam engine|Steam engine]]'')
# [[Inclined plane]] (''[[:en:Inclined plane|Inclined plane]]'')
# [[Lever]] (''[[:en:Lever|Lever]]'')
# [[Pulley]] (''[[:en:Pulley|Pulley]]'')
# [[Robot]] (''[[:en:Robot|Robot]]'')
# [[Wheel]] (''[[:en:Wheel|Wheel]]'')
# [[Arch]] (''[[:en:Arch|Arch]]'')
# [[Bridge]] (''[[:en:Bridge|Bridge]]'')
# [[Canal]] (''[[:en:Canal|Canal]]'')
# [[Dam]] (''[[:en:Dam|Dam]]'')
# [[Dome]] (''[[:en:Dome|Dome]]'')
# [[House]] (''[[:en:House|House]]'')
# [[Pyramid]] (''[[:en:Pyramid|Pyramid]]'')
# [[Tower]] (''[[:en:Tower|Tower]]'')

=== Transportation (''Transportation'') ===
# [[Transport]] (''[[:en:Transport|Transport]]'')
# [[Vehicle]] (''[[:en:Vehicle|Vehicle]]'')
# [[Aircraft]] (''[[:en:Aircraft|Aircraft]]'')
# [[Automobile]] (''[[:en:Automobile|Automobile]]'')
# [[Bicycle]] (''[[:en:Bicycle|Bicycle]]'')
# [[Elevator]] (''[[:en:Elevator|Elevator]]'')
# [[Helicopter]] (''[[:en:Helicopter|Helicopter]]'')
# [[Motorcycle]] (''[[:en:Motorcycle|Motorcycle]]'')
# [[Train]] (''[[:en:Train|Train]]'')

=== Information technology (''Information technology'') ===
# [[Information technology]] (''[[:en:Information technology|Information technology]]'')
# [[Abacus]] (''[[:en:Abacus|Abacus]]'')
# [[Calculator]] (''[[:en:Calculator|Calculator]]'')
# [[Computer]] (''[[:en:Computer|Computer]]'')
# [[Cryptography]] (''[[:en:Cryptography|Cryptography]]'')

=== Optical (''Optical'') ===
# [[Camera]] (''[[:en:Camera|Camera]]'')
# [[Glasses]] (''[[:en:Glasses|Glasses]]'')
# [[Laser]] (''[[:en:Laser|Laser]]'')
# [[Lens (optics)|Lens]] (''[[:en:Lens (optics)|Lens|Lens (optics)|Lens]]'')
# [[Microscope]] (''[[:en:Microscope|Microscope]]'')
# [[Prism (optics)|Prism]] (''[[:en:Prism (optics)|Prism|Prism (optics)|Prism]]'')
# [[Telescope]] (''[[:en:Telescope|Telescope]]'')
{{col-break}}

=== Media and communication (''Media and communication'') ===
# [[Telecommunication]] (''[[:en:Telecommunication|Telecommunication]]'')
# [[E-mail]] (''[[:en:E-mail|E-mail]]'')
# [[Internet]] (''[[:en:Internet|Internet]]'')
# [[Microphone]] (''[[:en:Microphone|Microphone]]'')
# [[Mobile phone]] (''[[:en:Mobile phone|Mobile phone]]'')
# [[Printing press]] (''[[:en:Printing press|Printing press]]'')
# [[Printing]] (''[[:en:Printing|Printing]]'')
# [[Radio]] (''[[:en:Radio|Radio]]'')
# [[Telephone]] (''[[:en:Telephone|Telephone]]'')
# [[Television]] (''[[:en:Television|Television]]'')
# [[Typewriter]] (''[[:en:Typewriter|Typewriter]]'')
# [[Video]] (''[[:en:Video|Video]]'')
# [[World Wide Web]] (''[[:en:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]]'')

=== Navigation and timekeeping (''Navigation and timekeeping'') ===
# [[Calendar]] (''[[:en:Calendar|Calendar]]'')
# [[Clock]] (''[[:en:Clock|Clock]]'')
# [[Compass]] (''[[:en:Compass|Compass]]'')
# [[Global Positioning System]] (''[[:en:Global Positioning System|Global Positioning System]]'')
# [[Gyroscope]] (''[[:en:Gyroscope|Gyroscope]]'')
# [[Pendulum]] (''[[:en:Pendulum|Pendulum]]'')
# [[Radar]] (''[[:en:Radar|Radar]]'')
# [[Sonar]] (''[[:en:Sonar|Sonar]]'')
# [[Sundial]] (''[[:en:Sundial|Sundial]]'')

=== Weapons (''Weapons'') ===
# [[Weapon]] (''[[:en:Weapon|Weapon]]'')
# [[Artillery]] (''[[:en:Artillery|Artillery]]'')
# [[Bow (weapon)|Bow]] (''[[:en:Bow (weapon)|Bow|Bow (weapon)|Bow]]'')
# [[Firearm]] (''[[:en:Firearm|Firearm]]'')
# [[Handgun]] (''[[:en:Handgun|Handgun]]'')
# [[Knife]] (''[[:en:Knife|Knife]]'')
# [[Machine gun]] (''[[:en:Machine gun|Machine gun]]'')
# [[Nuclear weapon]] (''[[:en:Nuclear weapon|Nuclear weapon]]'')
# [[Rifle]] (''[[:en:Rifle|Rifle]]'')
# [[Sword]] (''[[:en:Sword|Sword]]'')
# [[Submarine]] (''[[:en:Submarine|Submarine]]'')
# [[Tank]] (''[[:en:Tank|Tank]]'')

=== Material and chemical (''Material and chemical'') ===
# [[Candle]] (''[[:en:Candle|Candle]]'')
# [[Fire]] (''[[:en:Fire|Fire]]'')
# [[Explosive material]] (''[[:en:Explosive material|Explosive material]]'')
# [[Dynamite]] (''[[:en:Dynamite|Dynamite]]'')
# [[Gasoline]] (''[[:en:Gasoline|Gasoline]]'')
# [[Gunpowder]] (''[[:en:Gunpowder|Gunpowder]]'')
# [[Metallurgy]] (''[[:en:Metallurgy|Metallurgy]]'')
# [[Plastic]] (''[[:en:Plastic|Plastic]]'')
# [[Rubber]] (''[[:en:Rubber|Rubber]]'')

=== Food and health (''Food and health'') ===
# [[Electrocardiogram]] (''[[:en:Electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]'')
# [[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (''[[:en:Magnetic resonance imaging|Magnetic resonance imaging]]'')
# [[Pasteurization]] (''[[:en:Pasteurization|Pasteurization]]'')
# [[Refrigerator]] (''[[:en:Refrigerator|Refrigerator]]'')
# [[Stove]] (''[[:en:Stove|Stove]]'')
# [[X-ray]] (''[[:en:X-ray|X-ray]]'')

=== Space (''Space'') ===
# [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (''[[:en:Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble Space Telescope]]'')
# [[International Space Station]] (''[[:en:International Space Station|International Space Station]]'')
# [[Moon landing]] (''[[:en:Moon landing|Moon landing]]'')
# [[Rocket]] (''[[:en:Rocket|Rocket]]'')
# [[Satellite]] (''[[:en:Satellite|Satellite]]'')
# [[Space Shuttle]] (''[[:en:Space Shuttle|Space Shuttle]]'')
# [[Space station]] (''[[:en:Space station|Space station]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Mathematics (''Mathematics'') (59 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# [[Dyondzo-Tinhlayo]] (''[[:en:Mathematics|Mathematics]]'')
# [[Constant]] (''[[:en:Constant|Constant]]'')
# [[Pi]] (''[[:en:Pi|Pi]]'')
# [[e (mathematical constant)|e]] (''[[:en:e (mathematical constant)|e|e (mathematical constant)|e]]'')
# [[Number]] (''[[:en:Number|Number]]'')
# [[Complex number]] (''[[:en:Complex number|Complex number]]'')
# [[Integer]] (''[[:en:Integer|Integer]]'')
# [[Natural number]] (''[[:en:Natural number|Natural number]]'')
# [[Number theory]] (''[[:en:Number theory|Number theory]]'')
# [[Prime number]] (''[[:en:Prime number|Prime number]]'')
# [[Rational number]] (''[[:en:Rational number|Rational number]]'')
# [[Real number]] (''[[:en:Real number|Real number]]'')
# [[Arithmetic]] (''[[:en:Arithmetic|Arithmetic]]'')
# [[Addition]] (''[[:en:Addition|Addition]]'')
# [[Subtraction]] (''[[:en:Subtraction|Subtraction]]'')
# [[Multiplication]] (''[[:en:Multiplication|Multiplication]]'')
# [[Division (mathematics)|Division]] (''[[:en:Division (mathematics)|Division|Division (mathematics)|Division]]'')
# [[Fraction (mathematics)|Fraction]] (''[[:en:Fraction (mathematics)|Fraction|Fraction (mathematics)|Fraction]]'')
# [[Percentage]] (''[[:en:Percentage|Percentage]]'')
# [[Exponentiation]] (''[[:en:Exponentiation|Exponentiation]]'')
# [[Square root]] (''[[:en:Square root|Square root]]'')
# [[Combinatorics]] (''[[:en:Combinatorics|Combinatorics]]'')
# [[Numerical digit|Digit]] (''[[:en:Numerical digit|Digit|Numerical digit|Digit]]'')
# [[Equation]] (''[[:en:Equation|Equation]]'')
# [[Function (mathematics)|Function]] (''[[:en:Function (mathematics)|Function|Function (mathematics)|Function]]'')
# [[Logarithm]] (''[[:en:Logarithm|Logarithm]]'')
# [[Variable]] (''[[:en:Variable|Variable]]'')
# [[Algebra]] (''[[:en:Algebra|Algebra]]'')
# [[Linear algebra]] (''[[:en:Linear algebra|Linear algebra]]'')
# [[Matrix (mathematics)|Matrix]] (''[[:en:Matrix (mathematics)|Matrix|Matrix (mathematics)|Matrix]]'')
{{col-break}}
# [[Mathematical analysis]] (''[[:en:Mathematical analysis|Mathematical analysis]]'')
# [[Calculus]] (''[[:en:Calculus|Calculus]]'')
# [[Differential equation]] (''[[:en:Differential equation|Differential equation]]'')
# [[Infinity]] (''[[:en:Infinity|Infinity]]'')
# [[Limit (mathematics)|Limit]] (''[[:en:Limit (mathematics)|Limit|Limit (mathematics)|Limit]]'')
# [[Probability]] (''[[:en:Probability|Probability]]'')
# [[Statistics]] (''[[:en:Statistics|Statistics]]'')
# [[Chaos theory]] (''[[:en:Chaos theory|Chaos theory]]'')
# [[Game theory]] (''[[:en:Game theory|Game theory]]'')
# [[Geometry]] (''[[:en:Geometry|Geometry]]'')
# [[Angle]] (''[[:en:Angle|Angle]]'')
# [[Area]] (''[[:en:Area|Area]]'')
# [[Coordinates (mathematics)|Coordinates]] (''[[:en:Coordinates (mathematics)|Coordinates|Coordinates (mathematics)|Coordinates]]'')
# [[Dimension]] (''[[:en:Dimension|Dimension]]'')
# [[Line (mathematics)|Line]] (''[[:en:Line (mathematics)|Line|Line (mathematics)|Line]]'')
# [[Plane (mathematics)|Plane]] (''[[:en:Plane (mathematics)|Plane|Plane (mathematics)|Plane]]'')
# [[Point (mathematics)|Point]] (''[[:en:Point (mathematics)|Point|Point (mathematics)|Point]]'')
# [[Shape]] (''[[:en:Shape|Shape]]'')
# [[Circle]] (''[[:en:Circle|Circle]]'')
# [[Cube]] (''[[:en:Cube|Cube]]'')
# [[Sphere]] (''[[:en:Sphere|Sphere]]'')
# [[Square (geometry)|Square]] (''[[:en:Square (geometry)|Square|Square (geometry)|Square]]'')
# [[Triangle]] (''[[:en:Triangle|Triangle]]'')
# [[Volume]] (''[[:en:Volume|Volume]]'')
# [[Mathematical proof]] (''[[:en:Mathematical proof|Mathematical proof]]'')
# [[Series (mathematics)|Series]] (''[[:en:Series (mathematics)|Series|Series (mathematics)|Series]]'')
# [[Set]] (''[[:en:Set|Set]]'')
# [[Topology]] (''[[:en:Topology|Topology]]'')
# [[Trigonometry]] (''[[:en:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Measurement (''Measurement'') (26 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# [[Measurement]] (''[[:en:Measurement|Measurement]]'')
# [[Metric system]] (''[[:en:Metric system|Metric system]]'')
# [[International System of Units]] (''[[:en:International System of Units|International System of Units]]'')
# [[Imperial unit]] (''[[:en:Imperial unit|Imperial unit]]'')
# Time (''Time'')
# [[Second]] (''[[:en:Second|Second]]'')
# [[Day]] (''[[:en:Day|Day]]'')
# [[Year]] (''[[:en:Year|Year]]'')
# Length (''Length'')
# [[Foot (length)|Foot]] (''[[:en:Foot (length)|Foot|Foot (length)|Foot]]'')
# [[Kilometer]] (''[[:en:Kilometer|Kilometer]]'')
# [[Metre]] (''[[:en:Metre|Metre]]'')
# [[Mile]] (''[[:en:Mile|Mile]]'')
# Angle (''Angle'')
# [[Degree (angle)|Degree]] (''[[:en:Degree (angle)|Degree|Degree (angle)|Degree]]'')
# [[Radian]] (''[[:en:Radian|Radian]]'')
{{col-break}}

# Volume (''Volume'')
# [[Litre]] (''[[:en:Litre|Litre]]'')
# [[Mass]] (''[[:en:Mass|Mass]]'')
# [[Weight]] (''[[:en:Weight|Weight]]'')
# [[Kilogram]] (''[[:en:Kilogram|Kilogram]]'')
# [[Pound (mass)|Pound]] (''[[:en:Pound (mass)|Pound|Pound (mass)|Pound]]'')
# [[Ton]] (''[[:en:Ton|Ton]]'')
# Temperature (''Temperature'')
# [[Celsius]] (''[[:en:Celsius|Celsius]]'')
# [[Fahrenheit]] (''[[:en:Fahrenheit|Fahrenheit]]'')
# Force (''Force'')
# [[Newton]] (''[[:en:Newton|Newton]]'')
# Power (''Power'')
# [[Watt]] (''[[:en:Watt|Watt]]'')
# Electromagnetism (''Electromagnetism'')
# [[Ampere]] (''[[:en:Ampere|Ampere]]'')
# [[Volt]] (''[[:en:Volt|Volt]]'')
# [[Ohm]] (''[[:en:Ohm|Ohm]]'')
{{col-end}}

== Vona na kambe ==
*[[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/2|Matsalwa ya nkoka ya 100]]

[[Category:Matsalwa yankoka|Matsalwa yankoka]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mukhuhlwana wa Zika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="7536" sha1="h7ee6mvek5xp7voun7q7m8z8zwnif6c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox disease
|Name           = Mukhuhlwana wa Zika
|Image          = Zika-chain-colored.png 
|Caption        = Swirhumbarhumbani hi nkarhi wa ku tluletiwa mukhuhlwana wa Zika.
|Field          = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]
|pronunciation  = Zika {{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|iː|k|ə}}
|ICD10          = {{ICD10|U|06|9|a|}}, code change from 21 December 2015
|ICD9           = {{ICD9|066.3}}
|DiseasesDB     =36480
|MedlinePlus    =007666
|eMedicineSubj  =
|eMedicineTopic =
|MeSH       =D000071243
}}
&lt;!-- Definition and symptoms --&gt;
''' Mukhuhlwana wa Zika''' (lowu tivekaka kambe tanihi ''' vuvabyi bya xitsongwatsongwana xa Zika''' i vuvabyi lebyi vangiwaka hi[[ xitsongwatsongwana xa Zika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016Jan&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/ | title=Zika virus | publisher=World Health Organization | date=January 2016 | accessdate=3 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Timhangu to tala a ti na swikombiso, kambe loko byi ri kona hi xitalo byi ringana na ku fana na   [[ mukhuhlwana wa  dengue]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016Jan&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ecdc1&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/zika_virus_infection/factsheet-health-professionals/Pages/factsheet_health_professionals.aspx | title=Factsheet for health professionals | publisher=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control | work=Zika virus infection | accessdate=22 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;Swikombiso swi nga katsa [[ mukhuhlwana]], [[ mahlo ya xitshopana|mahlo yo tshuka]], [[ swivavi swa mahlangano | swivavi swa mahlangano]], ku pandza hi nhloko, na  [[swirhumbarhumbana swa makhulophaphula]].&lt;ref name=WHO2016Jan/&gt;&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Musso14&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1198743X1465391X | title=Rapid spread of emerging Zika virus in the Pacific area | last=Musso | first=D. | last2=Nilles | first2=E.J. | last3=Cao-Lormeau | first3=V.-M. | journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection | year=2014 | volume=20 | issue=10 | pages=O595–6 | doi=10.1111/1469-0691.12707 | pmid=24909208}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swikombiso swi nga va kona ehansi ka kombo wa masiku.&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt; A ku vikiwangi mafu lawa ya vangiweke  hi nkarhi wo sungula wa ntlulelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ecdc1&quot;/&gt; Ntluleto wu hlanganisiwa na [[Sidirome ya Guillain–Barré]] (GBS).&lt;ref name=&quot;ecdc1&quot;/&gt;

&lt;!-- Cause and diagnosis --&gt;
 Mukkhuhlwana wa Zika  wu hangalasiwa ngopfungopfu hi ku lumiwa hi [[tinsuna]] ta ''[[muxaka wa]]'' Ayedesi.&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt; nakambe byi nga [[ hangalasiwa hi ntluleto wa timhaka ta masangu| hangalasiwa hi timhaka ta masungu]] kusuka eka wanuna ku ya eka murhandziwa wa yena na ku va na vuswikoti byo hangalasiwa hi [[ku hundzisela tingati eka vanhu van'wana]].&lt;ref name=CDC2016&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Oster|first1=Alexandra M.|last2=Russell|first2=Kate|last3=Stryker|first3=Jo Ellen|last4=Friedman|first4=Allison|last5=Kachur|first5=Rachel E.|last6=Petersen|first6=Emily E.|last7=Jamieson|first7=Denise J.|last8=Cohn|first8=Amanda C.|last9=Brooks|first9=John T.|title=Update: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|date=1 April 2016|volume=65|issue=12|pages=323–325|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6512e3|pmid = 27032078}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt; Ntluleto eka vamanana lava yimeke nakambe ku nga tluleta na ricece na ku hlanganela na [[ku onhakeriwa hi vuyimani]] na [[ xihlokwana]].&lt;ref name=WHO2016Jan/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ChanChoi2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | first1=Jasper F.W. | last1=Chan | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940504 | title=Zika fever and congenital Zika syndrome: An unexpected emerging arboviral disease | last2=Choi | first2=Garnet K.Y. | last3=Yip | first3=Cyril C.Y. | last4=Cheng | first4=Vincent C.C. | last5=Yuen | first5=Kwok-Yung | journal=Journal of Infection | year=2016 | issn=01634453 | doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2016.02.011 | pmid=26940504 | display-authors=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mfembo wo kambela ngati, mitsakamiso, kumbe marhi ku kambela vukona bya xitsongwatsongwana xa Zika [[ RNa]] loko munhu a vabya.&lt;ref name=WHO2016Jan/&gt;&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt;

&lt;!-- Prevention and treatment --&gt;
Ku sivela ku katsa ku hunguta ku lumiwa hi vusuna eka tindhawu leti vuvabyi byi nga kona na ku tirhisa hi fanelo tikhondomu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ann2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | first1=Lin H. | last1=Chen | url=http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2486362 | title=Zika Virus: Rapid Spread in the Western Hemisphere | last2=Hamer | first2=Davidson H. | journal=Annals of Internal Medicine | year=2016 | issn=0003-4819 | doi=10.7326/M16-0150 | access-date=2016-06-16 | archive-date=2016-02-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203095520/http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleID=2486362 | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=CDC2016/&gt;  Matshalatshala yo sivela ku lumiwa ya katsa ku tirhisa [[ swilwisani na switsongwatsongwani]], ku pfala miri wa wena hi swiambalo, [[tinete ta tinsuna]], na ku susa mati lawa ya yimeke laha tinsuna titswalaka kona.&lt;ref name=WHO2016Jan/&gt;  A ku na ntlhavelo lowu [[tirhisiwaka]].&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt; Vatirhi va swa rihanyu va bumabumela leswaku vamanana eka tindhawu leti khumbekaka hi [[ ntungu wa xitsongwatsongwana xa Zika (2015–yi na) | 2015–16 Ntungu wa Zika]] va fanele ku anakanya ku herisa vuyimani bya vona na ku nga yi eka tindhawu teleto.&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cnn1&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/23/health/brazil-zika-pregnancy-warning/index.html | title=Brazil warns against pregnancy due to spreading virus | work=CNN | date=24 December 2015 | accessdate=24 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambi leswi ku nga riki na vutshunguri lebyi kongomeke , [[ pharasetamoli]] (acetaminophen) yi nga pfuna hi swikombiso.&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt; Ku amukeriwa exibendhele a swi na nkoka.&lt;ref name=&quot;ecdc1&quot;/&gt;

&lt;!-- History and epidemiology --&gt;
Xitsongwatsongwana lexi vangeke vuvabyi xi kumiwe rosungula hi 1947.&lt;ref name=&quot;OlsonHaddow2012&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | display-authors=3 | first1=Ken E. | first10=Scott C. | first3=Amy J. | first7=Rekol | last1=Olson | last10=Weaver | title=Genetic Characterization of Zika Virus Strains: Geographic Expansion of the Asian Lineage | last2=Haddow | first2=Andrew D. | last3=Schuh | last4=Yasuda | first4=Chadwick Y. | last5=Kasper | first5=Matthew R. | last6=Heang | first6=Vireak | last7=Huy | last8=Guzman | first8=Hilda | last9=Tesh | first9=Robert B. | journal=PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases | year=2012 | volume=6 | issue=2 | pages=e1477 | issn=1935-2735 | doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001477 | pmid=22389730 | pmc=3289602}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Matsalwa yo sungula ya ntungu exikarhi ka vanhu ya vile kona hi 2007 e [[Federated States of Micronesia]].&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt; {{Kusukela hi|Sunguti}}, vuvabyi a byi ri kona eka makumemambirhi ya swifundza swa [[Amerika]].&lt;ref name=Ann2016/&gt; Byi tiveka na ku va kona eAfrika, Asia, na le Pacific.&lt;ref name=WHO2016Jan/&gt; Hikokwalaho ka ntungu lowu sunguleke eBrazil hi 2015, [[ Nhlangano wa Rihanyu wa Misava  ]] wu tivise ximfumo leswaku[[khombo ra Rihanyu ra swa Vaaki ra vilerisa misava hinkwayo]] hi Nyenyanyani 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;who1&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/emergency-committee-zika-microcephaly/en/ | title=WHO Director-General summarizes the outcome of the Emergency Committee regarding clusters of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome | work=Media Centre | publisher=World Health Organization | date=1 February 2016 | accessdate=3 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ku yelanisa==
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mukhuhlwana wa tihumba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4493</id>
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      <text bytes="7113" sha1="4zas06cg9a889g9l08xhw5xggr3umrj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox disease 
 | Name            = Schistosomiyasisi 
 | Image           = Schistosomiasis in a child 2.jpg 
 | Caption         = Jaha ra 11 wa malembe wa [[ ku pfimba xifuva| mati exifuveni]] na [[ ku pandza nhloko emombyeni]] hikokwalaho ka Schistosomiyasisi 
 | Field           = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]
 | pronounce       ={{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʃ|i|s|t|ə|s|ə|ˈ|m|aɪ|ə|s|ᵻ|s|,_|-|t|oʊ|-|,_|-|s|oʊ|-}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/schistosomiasis |title=schistosomiasis - definition of schistosomiasis in English from the Oxford dictionary |publisher=[[OxfordDictionaries.com]] |access-date=2016-01-20 |archive-date=2015-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119184949/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/schistosomiasis |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | synonyms = bilharzia, snail fever, Katayama fever&lt;ref name=NHS2011&gt;{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) | url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx | work=NHS Choices | accessdate=15 March 2014 | date=17 December 2011 | archive-date=15 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131919/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis | url=http://www.patient.info/doctor/schistosomiasis-pro | website=Patient.info | accessdate=11 June 2014 | date=12/2/2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | DiseasesDB      =11875
|DiseasesDB_mult={{DiseasesDB2|11882}}{{DiseasesDB2|11856}}
 | ICD10           = {{ICD10|B|65||b|65}} 
 | ICD9            = {{ICD9|120}} 
 | OMIM            = 
 | MedlinePlus     =001321
 | eMedicineSubj=article
 | eMedicineTopic=228392
 | MeshID          = D012552
|Orphanet=1247
}}
'''Schistosomiyasisi''', lebyi tivekaka kambe tanihi ''' mukhuhlwana wa tihumba ''', i[[helminthiyasisi| vuvabyi]] lebyi vangiwaka hi[[switsongwatsongwana|xitsongwatsongwana]] [[swa fuletiweme]]leswi  vuriwaka [[tischistosome]].&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; [[ndlela ya mitsakamiso]] kumbe [[ marhumbu]] ya nga tlulewiwa.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Swikombiso swi nga katsa [[ ku vava ka xifuva]],[[ nchuluko]],[[ ngati eka mahambuka| mahambuka ya ngati]], kumbe [[ hemachuriya | ngati eka mitsakamiso]].&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Lava khomiweke hi[[ xiyimo| xiyimo]]&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Eka vana, swi nga va nga [[ku nga kuli kahle]]na [[ ku tsoniwa eka swa tidyondzo |ku tikeriwa ku dyondza]].&lt;ref name=WHO2014&gt;{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115 | url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en | work=World Health Organization | accessdate=15 March 2014| date=3 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!-- Cause --&gt;
Vuvabyi byi hangalasiwa hi ku hlangana na [[mati yo tenga]] lawa ya nga na switsongwatsongwana.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Switsongwatsongana leswi swi huma eka mati lawa ya tluletiweke[[ hi tihumba ta mati yo tenga]]&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Vuvabyi byi kumeka ngopfu eka vana va le ka matiko lawa ya ha hluvukaka tanihi loko va ri ku tlangela ematini lawa ya tshakisiweke.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Yin'wana mixungeto ya le henhla yi katsa varimi, vaphasi va tinhlampfi, na vanhu lava tirhisaka mati yo ka ya nga tengangi esikwini.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; I ya ntlawa wa  [[helminthiyasisi| ku khomiwa hi helimithi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel | url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis | website=cdc.gov | accessdate=30 November 2014 | date=1 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku kuma leswi u twaka swona i ku kuma mandza ya xitsongwatsongwana eka mitsakamiso kumbe mahambuka ya munhu.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Swi nga tiyisisiwa kambe hi ku kuma [[tiantibodi]] ta ku lwisana na vuvabyi engatini.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;

&lt;!-- Prevention and Treatment --&gt;
Tindlela to sivela vuvabyi ti katsa ku antshwisa mfikelelo wa mati yo tenga na ku hunguta nhlayo ya ti humba.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Eka tindhawu leti vuvabyi byi kumekaka eka kona, vutshunguri [[Praziquantel]] byi nga nyikiwa kan'we hi lembe eka ntlawa hinkwawo.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Leswi swi endleriwa ku hunguta nhlayo ya vanhu lava tluletiweke naswona, na ku hangalasa vuvabyi.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; --&gt; Praziquantel i vutshunguri lebyi bumabumeriwaka hi [[Nhlangano wa Rihanyu wa Misava]] (WHO) eka lava tiviwaka ku va va tluletiwile.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;

&lt;!-- Epidemiology --&gt;
Schistosomiyasisi yi khoma kwalomu ka 210 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu misava hinkwayo kusukela va 2012.&lt;ref name=Fen2012&gt;{{cite journal | last=Fenwick | first=A | title=The global burden of neglected tropical diseases.| journal=Public Health | date=Mar 2012 | volume=126 | issue=3 | pages=233–6 | pmid=22325616|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2011.11.015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwalomu ka 12,000&lt;ref name=Loz2012&gt;{{cite journal | last=Lozano | first=R. | title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 | journal=Lancet | date=15 December 2012 | volume=380 | issue=9859 | pages=2095–128 | pmid=23245604 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 | last2=Naghavi | first2=M. | last3=Foreman | first3=K. | last4=Lim | first4=S. | last5=Shibuya | first5=K. | last6=Aboyans | first6=V. | last7=Abraham | first7=J. | last8=Adair | first8=T. | last9=Aggarwal | first9=R. | displayauthors=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku ya eka 200, 000 wa vanhu va fa hi byona lembe na lembe.&lt;ref name=The2013&gt;{{cite journal | last=Thétiot-Laurent | first=S. A. | author2=Boissier, J. | author3=Robert, A. | author4= Meunier, B. | title=Schistosomiasis Chemotherapy | journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English | date=27 June 2013 | pmid=23813602 | volume=52 | issue=31 | pages=7936–56 | doi=10.1002/anie.201208390}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vuvabyi byi kumeka hi xitalo eAfrika, tanihi le Asia na Afrika-Dzonga.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Kwalomu ka 700 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu, eka ku tlula 70 wa matiko, va tshama laha vuvabyi byi kumekaka.&lt;ref name=The2013/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis  A major public health problem | url=http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en | work=World Health Organization | accessdate=15 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Eka matiko lawa byi kumekaka eka wona, Schistosomiyasisi i bya vumbirhi eka  ]]Malaria exikarhi ka vuvabyi bya switsongwatsongwana lebyi khumbaka swinene ikhonomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;SCP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | author=The Carter Center | title=Schistosomiasis Control Program | url=http://www.cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html | accessdate=17 July 2008 | archive-date=20 July 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091015/http://cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Schistosomiyasisi wu longoloxiwile tanihi [[vuvabyi byo kumeka ko karhi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Neglected Tropical Diseases | url=http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html | website=cdc.gov | accessdate=28 November 2014 | date=6 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Ku yelanisa==
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
      <sha1>4zas06cg9a889g9l08xhw5xggr3umrj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vuvabyi bya Rihuhu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>corr using [[Project:AWB|AWB]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="10538" sha1="ojpbvt9prqnnrm6qacw11hytj5bvvds" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox disease
| name = Vuvabyi bya Rihuhu|
| image = Dog with rabies.jpg
| caption = Mbyana leyi nga na Rihuhu eka xiyimo xo oma swirho
| DiseasesDB = 11148
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|82||a|82}}
| ID9 = {{ICD9|071}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus = 001334
| eMedicineSubj = med
| eMedicineTopic = 1374
| eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|eerg|493}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1974}}
| MeshID = D011818
}}
'''Vuvabyi bya Rihuhu''' i [[Xitsongwatsongwana|xitsongwatsongwana]] xa vuvabyi lebyi vangaka [[ensefalitisi |ku pfimba ka byongo]] eka vanhu na swin'wana [[swiharhi swa]] ngati yo kufumela.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Swikombiso swo rhanga swi nga katsa mukhuhlwana na vonaka xi lumiwile.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; swikombiso leswi swi landzeriwa hi xin'we kumbe ku tlula xa swikombiso leswi landzelaka: ku famba hi madzolonga, nyanyuko wo ka wu nga lawuleki,[[  hydirofobiya| ku chava mati]], ku hluleka ku fambisa swirho swin'wana swa miri, ku hlanganahlangana, na [[ ku titivala]].&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Endzhaku ko vonakala ka swikombiso, vuvabyi bya rihuhu mikarhi yo tala byi yisa eku feni.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Nkarhi lowu nga kona exikarhi ka ku kuma vuvabyi na ku sungula  swikombisa hi xitalo I n'hweti ku ya eka tin'hweti tinharhu. Hambiswiritano, nkarhi lowu wu hambana ku suka ehansi ka vhiki ku ya eka ku tlula lembe.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Nkarhi wu ya hi mpfhuka lowu xitsongwatsongwana xi faneleke ku wu famba ku fikelela  [[ sisiteme ya misiha yo lawula]].&lt;ref name=Robbins&gt;{{cite book |author=Cotran RS |title=Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease |edition=7th |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2005 |page=1375 |isbn=0-7216-0187-1 |author2=Kumar V |author3=Fausto N }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Xivangelo na mfembo==
Vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi hundziseriwa eka vanhu kusuka eka swiharhi swin'wana. Vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi hundziseriwa loko xihari lexi tluletiweke xi khuhlana kumbe luma xihari xin'wana kumbe munhu. &lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Marhi ya xiharhi lexi tluletiweke nakambe ya nga hundzisela emahlweni vuvabyi bya rihuhu loko marhi ya hlangana na xiharhi xin'wana kumbe munhu.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Timhangu ta vuvabyi bya rihuhu to tala eka vanhu ti vangiwa hi ku lumiwa hi timbyana.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Ku tluala 99% wa timhangu ta vuvabyi bya rihuhu eka matiko lawa timbyana ti nga na vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi vangiwa hi ku lumiwa hi timbyana.&lt;ref name=Tint2010&gt;{{cite book |author=Tintinalli, Judith E. |title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))|publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2010 |pages=Chapter 152 |isbn=0-07-148480-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka [[ MaAmerika]], [[ ku lumiwa hi]] timangadyana hi swona hi xitalo swi vangaka ntluleto wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu eka vanhu, naswona ehansi ka 5% ya timhangu ti huma eka timbyana.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt;&lt;ref name=Tint2010/&gt; Makondlo a ya tali ku khomiwa hi vuvabyi bya rihuhu.&lt;ref name=Tint2010/&gt; [[ Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya rihuhu]] xi ya ebyongweni hi ku landzelerisa [[ Sisiteme ya misiha ya Periferali | misiha ya Periferali]]. Vuvabyi byi nga fembiwa endzhaku ka ku sungula ka swikombiso.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt;
== Nsivelo na vutshunguri ==
Ku lawula swiharhi na minongonoko ya ntlhavelo swi hungutile xungeto wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu kusuka eka timbyana eka swifundza swo tala.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Ntlhavelo wa vanhu va nga si va na byona ku bumabumeriwile eka vanhu lava nga le ka xungeto. Ntlawa lowu nga le ka xungeto wa le henhla wu katsa vanhu lava tirhaka hi timangadyana kumbe lava tshamaka nkarhi wo leha eka tindhawu leti vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi nga kona.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Eka vanhu lava nga tivaka vuvabyi bya rihuhu, [[  ntlhavelo wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu]] na immunoglobulin [[ya vuvabyi bya rihuhu]] swi tirha ku sivela vuvabyi  loko munhu a amukela vutshunguri ku nga si sungula swikombiso swa vuvabyi bya rihuhu.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Hlantshwa laha u lumiweke na laha u khwayekeke ku ringana 15 wa timinete  hi xisiphi na mati, [[povidone iodine]], swibasisi tanihilaha swi nga dlayaka xitsongwatsongwana na ku vonaka swi tirha eka ku sivela ku hundziseriwa emahlweni ka vuvabyi bya riruhu. &lt;ref name=WHO2013&gt;{{cite web|title=Rabies  Fact Sheet N°99|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=28 February 2014|date=July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kova nhlayo yintsongo leyi nga pona  eka vuvabyi bya rihuhu endzhaku ka ku komba swikombiso.  Leswi swi endliwa hi vutshunguri bya tindhawu to tala lowu tivekaka tanihi[[ Ntwanano wa Milwaukee]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author = Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J | title = Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. | journal = Lancet neurology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 498–513 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23602163 | doi = 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70038-3 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
===ntlhavelo===
{{Drugbox
|drug_name=Vuvabyi bya rihuhu
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 418072925
| image =
&lt;!-- Vacine data --&gt;
| type = vaccine
| target = [[Vuvabyi bya rihuhu]]
| vaccine_type = killed
&lt;!-- Clinical data --&gt;
| tradename =  
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|rabies_vaccine}}
| MedlinePlus = a607023
| pregnancy_AU = &lt;!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --&gt;
| pregnancy_US = &lt;!-- A / B            / C / D / X --&gt;
| pregnancy_category =  
| legal_AU = &lt;!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled --&gt;
| legal_CA = &lt;!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --&gt;
| legal_UK = &lt;!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C --&gt;
| legal_US = &lt;!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --&gt;
| legal_status =  
| routes_of_administration =
&lt;!-- Identifiers --&gt;
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = none
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number =  
| ATC_prefix = J07
| ATC_suffix = BG01
| PubChem =  
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank =
&lt;!-- Chemical data --&gt;
}}
'''ntlhavelo wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu i '''ntlhavelo[[]]lowu tirhisiwaka ku sivela [[vuvabyi bya rihuhu]].&lt;ref name=WHO2010&gt;{{cite journal|title=Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper|journal=Weekly epidemiological record|date=Aug 6, 2010|volume=32|issue=85|pages=309-320|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8532.pdf?ua=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku na yo hlaya leyi nga kona leyi ha yimbirhi yi nga hlayiseka na ku tirheka. &lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; yi nga tirhisiwa ku sivela vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi nga si naswona nkari wo leha endzhaku ku khomiwa hi xitsongwatsongwana xo tanihi ku lumiwa hi mbyana kumbe mhangadyana.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Nsawuto lowu nga kona wu teka nkarhi wo leha endzhaku ka mimpimo yinharhu ya mirhi.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Hi xitalo yi nyikiwa hi jekixeni edzobyeni kumbe nyameni. &lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Endzhaku ko va na byona ntlhavelo wu tirhisiwa xikan'we na [[immunoglobulin ya vuvabyi bya rihuhu]].&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; ku bumabumeriwa leswaku lava nga le ka xungeto wo kuma vuvabyi va tlhaveriwa va nga se byi kuma.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Ntlhavelo wu tirha eka vanhu na swin'wana swiharhi.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Nsawutiso wa timbyana wa tirha eka ku sivela vuvabyi eka vanhu.&lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt;

==== Vuhlayiseki ====
Timiliyoni ta vanhu misava hinkwayo va tlhaveriwile na ku kumbetela leswaku leswi swi hlayisa ku tlula 250,000 wa vanhu hi lembe.&lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; Wu nga tirhisiwa hi vuhlayiseki eka mitlawa ya malembe hinkwawo.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Kwalomu ka 45 wa tiphesente ta vanhu va huma nkarhinyana ku tshukela na ku twa ku vava laha va tlhaviveko kona hi jekixini.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Kwalomu ka 5 na 15 wa tiphesente ta vanhu va nga va na [[mukhuhlwana]],[[ku pandziwa hi nhloko]], kumbe [[ku nhlanta]].&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Endzhaku ka ku khomiwa hi vuvabyi bya rihuhu a ku na leswi lwisanaka na leswi kombisiweke.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Ntlhavelo wunyingi a wu na [[thimerosali]]&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Ntlhavelo lowu endliweke kusuka eka misiha wu tirhisiwa ntsena eka matiko yatsongo, ngopfungopfu eAsia na le Latini Amerika, kambe a wu tirhi kahle naswona wu na swivuyelandzhaku swinyingi. &lt;!-- &lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt; --&gt; Ku tirhisa yona a swi bumabumeriwanga hi [[Nhlanganu wa Rihanyu wa Misava]].&lt;ref name=WHO2010/&gt;  

Nxavo wa le holisele wu le xikarhi ka 44 na 78 USD eka khoso ya vutshunguri kusukela hi 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Vaccine, Rabies|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&amp;code=RAB000X&amp;s_year=2014&amp;year=2014&amp;str=&amp;desc=Vaccine%2C%20Rabies&amp;pack=new&amp;frm=VIAL&amp;rte=INJ&amp;class_code2=19%2E3%2E&amp;supplement=&amp;class_name=%2819%2E3%2E%29Vaccines%3Cbr%3E|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=6 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka United States khoso ya ntlhavelo wa vuvabyi bya rihuhu yi tlula 750 USD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Shlim|first1=David|title=Perspectives: Intradermal Rabies Preexposure Immunization|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/perspectives-intradermal-rabies-preexposure-immunization|accessdate=6 December 2015|date=June 30, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Epidemiyoloji==
Vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi vanga kwalomu ka 55,000 wa mafu misava hinkwayo lembe hinkwaro.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt;&lt;ref name=Loz2012&gt;{{cite journal | author = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = Dec 15, 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku tlula 95% wa mafu lawa ya humelela e [[Asia]] na le [[Afrika]].&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi kona eka ku tlula 150 wa matiko na matikonkulu ya Antartika.&lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; Ku tlula tibiliyoni tinharhu ta vanhu ti tshama eka swifundza swa misava laha vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi nga kona. &lt;ref name=WHO2013/&gt; EYuropa na  le Australia, vuvabyi bya rihuhu byi kona ntsena eka timangadyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Presence / absence of rabies in 2007|url=http://www.who.int/rabies/Absence_Presence_Rabies_07_large.jpg?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=1 March 2014|year=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; swihlala swinyingi leswitsongo a swi na vuvabyi bya rihuhu na switsanana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Rabies-Free Countries and Political Units|url=http://www.cdc.gov/animalimportation/rabies-free-countries.html|work=CDC|accessdate=1 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ku yelanisa==
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}

[[Category:Mavabyi]]

{{Mavabyi}}</text>
      <sha1>ojpbvt9prqnnrm6qacw11hytj5bvvds</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vubofu bya le nambyeni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4495</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34495</id>
      <parentid>29094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-09-23T03:51:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Holder</username>
        <id>2179</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>corr using [[Project:AWB|AWB]]</comment>
      <origin>34495</origin>
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      <text bytes="6142" sha1="2x9k5c6vsbi3zbzgz0uv0ft1937vq5p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox disease
| name           = Onchosesiyasisi
| image          = Onchocerca volvulus emerging from a black fly.jpg
| caption        = Nkulukumba [[Simulium Yahense|bulaki fulayi]]na xitsongwatsongwana  ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]'' ku huma anithena ya xitsotswana, ku kurisiwa hi 100x
| pronounce   = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɒ|ŋ|k|oʊ|s|ɜr|ˈ|s|aɪ|ə|s|ɨ|s|,_|-|ˈ|k|aɪ|-}}
| DiseasesDB     = 9218
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|73||b|65}}
| ICD9           = {{ICD9|125.3}}
| ICDO           =
| OMIM           =
| MedlinePlus    =
| eMedicineSubj  = med
| eMedicineTopic = 1667
| eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|oph|709}}
| MeshID         = D009855
}}

&lt;!-- Definition and symptoms --&gt;
'''Onchosesiyasisi ''', lebyi tivekaka kambe tanihi ''' vuvabyi bya vubofu bya le nambyeni''' na '''vuvabyi bya Vubofu ''', I vuvabyi lebyi vangiwaka hi ntluleto na [[xivungwana xo hanya eka swin'wana]] ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]''.&lt;ref name=WHO2014&gt;{{cite web|title=Onchocerciasis Fact sheet N°374|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs374/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=20 March 2014|date=March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swikombiso swikatsa ku nwayisa ko vava swinene, swibudzwabudzwana enghoheni, na [[vubofu]].&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; I ku tlulela hi xitalo ka vumbirhi loku vangaka vubofu hi mhaka ya ku tluletiwa, endzhaku ka [[thirachoma]].&lt;ref name=CDC2013/&gt;

&lt;!-- Cause and Diagnosis --&gt;
Xivungu xo hanya eka swivumbiwa swin'wana xi hangalasiwa hi ku lumiwa hi[[buleki  fulayi]] xa ''[[ rixaka ra]]''Simuliyamu.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Hi xitalo ku lumiwa kanyingi ku va kona ntluleto wu nga si va kona.&lt;ref name=CDCEpi2013&gt;{{cite web|title=Parasites – Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) Epidemiology &amp; Risk Factors|url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/epi.html|work=CDC|accessdate=20 March 2014|date=May 21, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Switsotswana leswi swi tshama kusuhana na milambu, hi mhaka vito ra vuvabyi ri tshyiwile hi ndlela leyi.&lt;ref name=CDC2013&gt;{{cite web |title=Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) |work=Parasites  |url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/|publisher=CDC|accessdate=20 March 2014|date=May 21, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Loko swi nghenile endzeni ka munhu, swivungwana swi ntumbuluxa[[ swivungu]] leswi humaka hi le nghoheni.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Laha swi nga tlulela eka buleki fulayi leyi landzelaka leyi nga lumaka munhu.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Ku na tindlela to tala ta mfembo ku katsa na: ku veka e[[bayosipi]] ya nghohe eka[[mati ya munyu]]na ku yimela xivungwana xi huma, na ku languta emirini wa swivungwanankulu.&lt;ref name=CDCDiag2013&gt;{{cite web |title=Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) Diagnosis |publisher=CDC |url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/diagnosis.html |work=Parasites |accessdate=20 March 2014|date=May 21, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!-- Prevention and Treatment --&gt;
E[[ntlhavelo]] wo lwisana na vuvabyi a wu kona.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Ku sivela i ku papalata ku lumiwa hi switsotswana. &lt;ref name=CDCPre2013&gt;{{cite web|title=Onchocerciasis (also known as River Blindness) Prevention &amp; Control |url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/prevent.html|work=Parasites |publisher=CDC |accessdate=20 March 2014|date=May 21, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; leswi swi nga katsa ku tirhisiwa ka [[swilwisani na switsotswana]] na ku ambala kahle.&lt;ref name=CDCPre2013/&gt; Matshalatshala yan'wana ya katsa ku hunguta nhlayo ya switsotswana  hi ku fufuthela [[chefu ya switsotswana]].&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Matshalatshala yo herisa vuvabyi hi ku tshungula ntlawa wa vanhu kambirhi hi lembe ku le kuyeni emahlweni eka tindhawu to hlaya ta le misaveni.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Ku tshunguriwa ka lava tluletiweke  hi murhi wa [[ivhamekitini]] tinhweti ta ntsevu ku ya eka lembe.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=Murray2013/&gt; Vutshunguri lebyi byi dlaya xivungu kambe ku nga ri swivungunkulu.&lt;ref name=Yellow2012&gt;{{cite book|last=Brunette|first=Gary W.|title=CDC Health Information for International Travel 2012 : The Yellow Book |year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199830367 |page=258 |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=5vCQpr1WTS8C&amp;pg=PA258 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Murhi wa [[dokisisayiklilayini]], lowu dlayaka [[xitsongwatsongwana xo tshama endzeni ka swin'wana na |na swo yelana na]] bakitheriyamu leyi vuriwaka''[[Wolibachiya]]'', yi endla leswaku swivungwana swi tsana naswona yi bumabumeriwa hi van'wana vanhu.&lt;ref name=Yellow2012/&gt; Ku susiwa ka matshumba enyameni hi vutshunguri swi nga endliwa naswona.&lt;ref name=Murray2013&gt;{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Patrick |title=Medical microbiology |year=2013 |publisher=Elsevier Saunders |location=Philadelphia |isbn=9780323086929 |page=792|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=RBEVsFmR2yQC&amp;pg=PA792 |edition=7th}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!--Epidemiology and History --&gt;
Kwalomu 17 ku ya eka 25 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu va tluletiwile vuvabyi bya vubofu bya le nambyeni, na kwalomu ka 0.8 wa timiliyoni a va ha voni.&lt;ref name=CDCEpi2013/&gt;&lt;ref name=Yellow2012/&gt; Ntluletonkulu wu humelela eka [[matiko ya le Dzongeni wa Afrika]], hambileswi timhangu ti nga vikiwa na le [[Yemeni]] na tindhawu titsongo ta le[[ xikarhi ka Amerika]] na [[Dzongeni wa America]]&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Hi 1915, Dokodela [[Rodolfo Robles]] u kume rosungula vuxaka bya xivungu na vuvabyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor1=Eldridge, Bruce F. |editor2=Edman, John D. |editor3= Edman, J. |title=Medical entomology |year=2004 |publisher=Kluwer Academic |location=Dordrecht |isbn=9781402017940|page=301 |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=C7OxOqTKYS8C&amp;pg=PA301 |edition=Revised |author1=Lok, James B. |author2=Walker, Edward D. |author3=Scoles, Glen A. |chapter=9. Filariasis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swi longoloxiwile hi [[Nhlangano wa Rihanyu wa Misava]] tanihi [[vuvabyi byo kumeka ko karhi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Reddy M, Gill SS, Kalkar SR, Wu W, Anderson PJ, Rochon PA |title=Oral drug therapy for multiple neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=16 |pages=1911–24 |date=October 2007 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.16.1911 |pmid=17954542 |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.298.16.1911}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Ku yelanisa==
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
      <sha1>2x9k5c6vsbi3zbzgz0uv0ft1937vq5p</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhlokonho</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="7917" sha1="jk4h3aagkjx1qdyu8mvxa57s8pic0rx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox disease
| Name        = Nhlokonho
| Image       = Leprosy.jpg
| Caption     = Wanuna wa malembe ya 24 wo huma Norway, loyi a tluletiweke nhlokonho, 1886.
| field = [[Infectious disease]]
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛ|p|r|ə|s|i}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/leprosy |title=Definition of leprosy |publisher=The Free Dictionary |accessdate=2015-01-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| DiseasesDB      = 8478
| ICD10           = {{ICD10|A|30||a|30}}
| ICD9            = {{ICD9|030}}
| ICDO            =
| OMIM            = 246300
| MedlinePlus     = 001347
| eMedicineSubj   = med
| eMedicineTopic  = 1281
| eMedicine_mult  = {{eMedicine2|derm|223}} {{eMedicine2|neuro|187}}
| MeshID          = D007918}}

'''Nhokonho''', kambe lowu tiviwaka tanihi vuvabyi bya Hansen (HD), i [[vuvabyi lebyi nga tshungulekaka hi (Vutshunguri)|bya nkarhi wo leha]] ntluleto wa byona wu vangiwa hi [[bakitheriya]] [[ya  mayikhobakitheriyamu lepiraye]] na [[ mayikhobakitheriyamu Lepiramathosisi]].'&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=New2008&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124141047.htm | title=New Leprosy Bacterium: Scientists Use Genetic Fingerprint To Nail 'Killing Organism'|work=ScienceDaily | date=2008-11-28 | accessdate=2010-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Emasungulweni, ntluleto a wu na swikombiso na ku va kona kusuka eka 5 ku ya eka malembe ya 20.&lt;ref name=WHO2014&gt;{{cite web|title=Leprosy Fact sheet N°101|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/|work=World Health Organization|date=Jan 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swikombiso leswi vonakalaka swi katsa [[ku pfimba]] ka [[sisiteme ya misiha ya Pheripherali|misiha]], [[tiphayiphi ya moya]] nghohe na mahlo.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Leswi swi nga hetelela eka ku lahlekeriwa hi vuswikoti byo twa ku vava na swiphemu swa mahelo hi mhaka ya ku vaviseka kambe hi ku vuyelela kumbe ku tlulela hi mhaka ya mbanga leyi nga tekeriwangiki enhlokweni.&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Ku tsana na ku vona switsongo swi nga va kona.&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt;

&lt;!-- Cause and diagnosis --&gt;
Nhlokonho wu hangalaxiwa exikarhi ka vanhu.&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=CDC2013T/&gt; --&gt; Wu va kona hi ku khohlola kumbe ku hlangana na swihalaki swo huma enhompfini ya munhu loyi a tluletiweke.&lt;ref name=CDC2013T&gt;{{cite web|title=Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) Transmission|url=http://www.cdc.gov/leprosy/transmission/|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=28 February 2015|date=April 29, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlokonho wu va kona hi xitalo exikarhi ka lava hanyaka evusiwaneni na ku pfumeriwa leswaku wu hundziseriwa emahlweni hi swmatana leswi hefemuleriwaka ehandle.&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Ku hambana na leswi ku pfumeriwaka eka swona, a wu tluleli.&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Tinxaka timbrhi letikulu ta vuvabyi ti kumeka eka nhlayo ya tibakitheriya leti nga kona: pawusibasillari na basillarinyingi.&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Tinxaka letimbirhi ti hambaniseka hi nhlayo ya [[ ku vonikela ka nhlonge| nhlonge yo ka yi ngari kahle]],ku van a nhlonge feke, &lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Mfembo wu tiyisisiwa hi ku kumiwa ka  [[ bakisili ya asidifasiti]] eka bayopisi ya nghohe  hi ku kambela DNA leyi tirhisaka  [[angulo wo landzelelana wa polimerase]]. &lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt;

&lt;!--Treatment and epidemiology  --&gt;
Nhlokonho wa tshunguleka hi vutshunguri lebyi vuriwaka vutshunguri bya Swidzidziharisinyingi (MDT).&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Vutshunguri bya nhlokonho ya pausibasillari [[ dapsone]] na [[ rifampisini]] ku ringana 6 wa tin'hweti.&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Vutshunguri bya nhlokonho ya bakisilarinyingi byi na [[rifampisini]], [[ dapsone]] na [[tlilofazimine]] ku ringana 12 wa tin'hweti.&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Vutshunguri lebyi byi nyikiwa mahala hi[[ Nhlangano wa Rihanyu wa Misava]]&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; nhlayo ya swin'wanyana swilwanaswitsongwatsongwana swi nga tirhisiwa.&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Misava hinkwayo hi 2012, timhangu ta vuvabyi lebyi nga tshungulekiki bya nhlokonho a ti ri 189, 000 ehansi ku suka eka 5.2 wa timiliyoni hi va1980.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=WHOEpi2012&gt;{{cite journal | title = Global leprosy situation, 2012 | journal = Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. | volume = 87 | issue = 34 | pages = 317–28 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22919737 | doi =  | url =  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Rod2011&gt;{{cite journal | author = Rodrigues LC, Lockwood DNj | title = Leprosy now: epidemiology, progress, challenges, and research gaps. | journal = The Lancet infectious diseases | volume = 11 | issue = 6 | pages = 464–70 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21616456 | doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70006-8 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlayo ta timhangu tintshwa a yi ri 230,000.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Timhangu tintshwa ti humelela eka 16 wa matiko, laha India yi vikaka ku tlula hafu. &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Kwalomu ka 200 wa timhangu ta vikiwa hi lembe eUnited States.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Kwalomu ka 200 ya timhangu ta vikiwa lembe na lembe eUnited Kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Hansen's Disease Data &amp; Statistics|url=http://www.hrsa.gov/hansensdisease/dataandstatistics.html|website=Health Resources and Services Administration|accessdate=12 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!--History and society and culture  --&gt;
Nhlokonho wu khomile vanhu ku ringana gidi ra malembe.&lt;ref name=Aka2012/&gt; Vuvabyi byi kume vito leri kusuka eka [[ rito ra]] Xilatini '' Lepra'', leswi vulaka &quot;magegetsu&quot;, loko rito &quot; Vuvabyi bya Hansen&quot; ri tshyiwile endzhaku ka Dokodela  [[  Gerhard Armauer Hansen]].&lt;ref name=Aka2012&gt;{{cite journal | author = Suzuki K, Akama T, Kawashima A, Yoshihara A, Yotsu RR, Ishii N | title = Current status of leprosy: epidemiology, basic science and clinical perspectives. | journal = The Journal of dermatology | volume = 39 | issue = 2 | pages = 121–9 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 21973237 | doi = 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01370.x }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku hambanisa vanhu hi ku va veka eka [[ kholoni ya nhlokonho|tikholoni ta nhlokonho]] swa ha humelela eka tindhawu to fana na [[ India]], &lt;ref name=Leprosy&gt;{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6510503.stm | author=Walsh F |title=The hidden suffering of India's lepers |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ China]], &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=117&amp;art_id=qw1158139440409B243 |title=Ignorance breeds leper colonies in China |author=Lyn TE |publisher=Independat News &amp; Media |date=2006-09-13 |accessdate=2010-01-31 |archive-date=2010-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408075048/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=117&amp;art_id=qw1158139440409B243 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; na le Afrika.&lt;ref name=Byr2008&gt;{{cite book|last=Byrne|first=Joseph P.|title=Encyclopedia of pestilence, pandemics, and plagues|year=2008|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn.[u.a.]|isbn=9780313341021|page=351|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Pvi-ksuKFIC&amp;pg=PA351}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambiswiritano, tikholoni tinyingi ti pfarile kusukela loko nhlokonho wu nga ha tluleri.&lt;ref name=Byr2008/&gt; [[ Xinyumiso xa nhlokonho|Xinyumiso ka vanhu]] a ku fambelana na nhlokonho eka matimu yotala, leswi yisaka emahlweni ku va xirhalanganyi eka ku vika hi wexe na ku tshunguriwa ka ha ri na nkarhi.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Van'wana va teka rito wanhlokonho ri ri xikhunguvanyiso, ku tsakeriwa marito &quot; Vanhu lava tluletiweke nhlokonho.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=editors|first1=Enrico Nunzi, Cesare Massone,|title=Leprosy a practical guide|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Milan|isbn=9788847023765|page=326|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZQ2k0xgIph4C&amp;pg=PA326}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Siku ra Misava ra Nhlokonho]] ri sunguriwe hi 1954 ku vitanisa ku lemukisa eka lava khumbekaka hi nhlokonho.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=McMenamin|first=Dorothy|title=Leprosy and stigma in the South Pacific : a region-by-region history with first person accounts|year=2011|publisher=McFarland|location=Jefferson, N.C.|isbn=9780786463237|page=17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZPvQTJ8SE0C&amp;pg=PA17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ku yelanisa==
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
      <sha1>jk4h3aagkjx1qdyu8mvxa57s8pic0rx</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Leyiximeniyasisi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4497</id>
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      <timestamp>2019-09-23T03:51:16Z</timestamp>
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      <minor />
      <comment>corr using [[Project:AWB|AWB]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="6026" sha1="0awsw9l4nrkvoa8fvfeqak20qe2ag9q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition
| Name            = Leyiximeniyasisi
| Image           = Skin ulcer due to leishmaniasis, hand of Central American adult 3MG0037 lores.jpg
| Caption         = Leyiximeniya ya nhlonge evokweni ra [[ nkulukumba wa le]] xikarhi ka le Amerika
| Field           = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]
| pronounce       = Leishmaniasis {{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|iː|ʃ|m|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ|ə|s|ɪ|s}}&lt;br&gt;leishmaniosis {{IPAc-en|l|iː|ʃ|ˌ|m|eɪ|n|ɪ|ˈ|əʊ|s|ɪ|s}} or {{IPAc-en|l|iː|ʃ|ˌ|m|æ|n|ɪ|ˈ|əʊ|s|ɪ|s}}&lt;ref&gt;http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/leishmaniasis&lt;/ref&gt;
| ICD10           = {{ICD10|B|55||b|50}}
| ICD9            = {{ICD9|085}}
| DiseasesDB      = 3266
| DiseasesDB_mult = {{DiseasesDB2|29171}}&lt;!--  {{DiseasesDB2|3266}} {{DiseasesDB2|7070}} --&gt;
| MedlinePlus     = 001386
| eMedicineSubj   = emerg
| eMedicineTopic  = 296
| MeshID          = D007896
}}
'''Leyiximeniyasisi''', leyi tsariwaka kambe''' leyiximaniyosi '''i[[vuvabyi]] lebyi vangiwaka hi[[phurotozoweni]][[i xitsongwatsongwana]]xa muxaka wa[[Leyiximaniya]]na ku hangalasiwa hi ku lumiwa hi tinxaka tin'wana ta[[Sendifulayi]].&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Vuvabyi byi nga hangalaka hi tindlela tinharhu: [[Leximaniyasisi ya nhlonge| nhlonge]], marhimila, kumbe [[Leximeniyasisi ya le marhumbyini]]&lt;ref name=WHO2014&gt;{{cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Fact sheet N°375|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014|date=January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya xivumbeko xa nhlonge yi vonaka hi tialisa ta nhlonge, kasi ya xivumbeko xa marhimila yi vonaka hi tialisa ta nhlonge, nomu, na tinhompfu, na ya le marhumbyini yi sungula hi tialisa ta nhlonge na ku tivonakisa hi mukhuhlwana, ngati yi tsongo eka tisele ta ngati yo tshuka, na ku kula ka rivengo na xivindzi. &lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=Barrett2012/&gt;

&lt;!-- Cause and diagnosis --&gt;
Ku tlulela eka vanhu swi vangiwa hi ku tlula 20 wa tinxaka ta &quot;Leyiximeniya&quot;.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Timhaka ta xungeto ti katsa, vusiwana, ku nga dyi kahle, ku tsemiwa ka mirhi, na ku rhurhela emadoropeni.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Tinxaka ha tinharhu hinkwato ti nga fembiwa hi ku vona xitsongwatsogwana eka mayikhirosikopi.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Ku tatisela, vuvabyi bya le marhumbyini byi nga voniwa hi ku endla swikambelwana swa ngati. &lt;ref name=Barrett2012/&gt;

&lt;!-- Prevention and treatment --&gt;
Leyiximeniyasisi yi nga tsunguleka hi ku etlela ehansi ka tinete leti nga ni vutshunguri bya [[ switsotswana]].&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Magoza yan'wana ya katsa ku fufuthela chefu ya switsotswana ku dlaya tisendifulayi na ku tshungula vanhu lava khomiweke hi vuvabyi ka ha ri na nkarhi  ku sivela ku hangalaka ku ya emahlweni.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Vutshunguri lebyi lavekaka byi ya hi leswaku u byi kume kwihi vuvabyi, tinxaka ta &quot;Leyiximeniya&quot;, na muxaka wa ntluleto.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt; Mirhi yin'wana leyi tirhisiwaka eka vuvabyi bya le marhumbyini  yi katsa [[ liposomali amphotheriyasini B]], &lt;ref name=Sun2013/&gt; Ku hlangana ka [[ phentavheleti antimoniyalisi]]na [[pharomosini]], &lt;ref name=Sun2013&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sundar|first=S|author2=Chakravarty, J |title=Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy.|journal=Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=14|issue=1|pages=53–63|pmid=23256501|doi=10.1517/14656566.2013.755515}}&lt;/ref&gt; na [[miltefosine]].&lt;ref name=Dor2012&gt;{{cite journal|last=Dorlo|first=TP|author2=Balasegaram, M |author3=Beijnen, JH |author4= de Vries, PJ |title=Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis.|journal=The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy|date=Nov 2012|volume=67|issue=11|pages=2576–97|pmid=22833634|doi=10.1093/jac/dks275}}&lt;/ref&gt; eka vuvabyi bya nhlonge, [[pharomosin,]],fulukunazole[[phenitamidini]] yi nga tirhiseka.&lt;ref name=Min2007&gt;{{cite journal|last=Minodier|first=P|author2=Parola, P |title=Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.|journal=Travel medicine and infectious disease|date=May 2007|volume=5|issue=3|pages=150–8|pmid=17448941|doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.09.004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!-- Epidemiology --&gt;
Kwalomu ka 12 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu  sweswi va tluletiwile &lt;ref name=Mag&gt;{{cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Magnitude of the problem|url=http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/burden/magnitude/burden_magnitude/en/index.html|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; eka matiko yan'wana ya 98.&lt;ref name=Barrett2012&gt;{{cite journal|last=Barrett|first=MP|author2=Croft, SL |title=Management of trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.|journal=British medical bulletin|year=2012|volume=104|pages=175–96|pmid=23137768|doi=10.1093/bmb/lds031|pmc=3530408}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwalomu ka 2 wa timiliyoni wa timhangu letintshwa &lt;ref name=Barrett2012/&gt; na le xikarhi ka 20 na 50 wa magidi ya mafu ya va kona lembe na lembe.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=Loz2012&gt;{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwalomu ka 200 na &amp;nbsp; miliyoni wa vanhu eAsia, Afrika, Dzongeni na le xikarhi ka America, na Dzonga wa Europe ti tshama eka tindhawu laha vuvabyi byi nga kona.&lt;ref name=Barrett2012/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Ejazi|first=SA|author2=Ali, N |title=Developments in diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis during the last decade and future prospects.|journal=Expert review of anti-infective therapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=11|issue=1|pages=79–98|pmid=23428104|doi=10.1586/eri.12.148}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nhlangano wa Rihanyu wa Misava]] wu kumile ku tsemeriwa eka mirhi yin'wana ya ku tshungula vuvabyi.&lt;ref name=Barrett2012/&gt; Vuvabyi byi nga kumeka eka nhlayo ya swiharhi swin'wana, ku katsa na [[ leyiximeniya ya muxaka wa |timbyana]] na [[makondlo]]&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;

==Ku yelanisa==
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}

[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox medical condition</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4498</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31801</id>
      <parentid>28586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:30:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>31801</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7728" sha1="sdwjacwfxao98wakarpmwk4gy2u9c6i" xml:space="preserve">{{ Infobox
| abovestyle = background-color: lightgrey;
| headerstyle= background-color: lightgrey;
| above      = {{{name|{{{name|&lt;includeonly&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}}}}
| image        = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|[[File:{{{image|}}}|260px]]|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P18|formatting=[[File:$1|260px]]|list=false}}}}
{{#if:{{{caption|}}} |&lt;center&gt;{{{caption}}}&lt;/center&gt;}}

| header1 = {{Disease/ts|Description}}
| label2 = {{Disease/ts|Type}}
| data2 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P279|formatting = internallink|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;|separation=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label3 = {{Disease/ts|Speciality}}
| data3 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1995|formatting = internallink|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;|separation=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label4 = {{Disease/ts|Causes}}
| data4 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P828|formatting = internallink|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;|separation=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label5 = {{Disease/ts|Symptoms}}
| data5 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P780|formatting = label|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;|separation=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label6 = {{Disease/ts|Creates}}
| data6 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1542|formatting = internallink|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;|separation=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label7 = {{Disease/ts|Pathogen transmission}}
| data7 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1060|formatting = internallink|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;|separation=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label8 = {{Disease/ts|Medical examinations}}
| data8 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P923|formatting = internallink|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;|separation=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label9 = {{Disease/ts|Age}}
| data9 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P2841|formatting = internallink}}
| label10 = {{Disease/ts|Chromosome}}
| data10 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1057|formatting = internallink}}
| label11 = {{Disease/ts|Genetical association}}
| data11 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P2293|formatting = internallink}}
| label12 = {{Disease/ts|Named after}}
| data12 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P138|formatting = internallink}}

| header20 = {{#if:{{#Property:P2176}}|{{Disease/ts|Treatment}}}}
| label21 = {{Disease/ts|Possible chemicals}}
| data21 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P2176|formatting = internallink}}

| header30 = {{Disease/ts|Identifiers}}
| label31     = [[International Cathalog of Diseases|ICD]]-[[ICD-10|10]]
| data31      = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P494|formatting = [http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/$1 $1]}}

| label32     = [[International Cathalog of Diseases|ICD]]-[[ICD-9 codes|9]]
| data32      = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P493|formatting = [http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=$1 $1]}}

| label33     = [[International Classification of Diseases for Oncology|ICD-O]]
| data33      = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P563|formatting = [http://www.progenetix.org/cgi-bin/subsets.cgi?project=progenetix&amp;subsetType=ICDM&amp;ICDMcodes_m=$1 $1]}}

| label34     = [[OMIM]]
| data34      = {{#if:{{{OMIM|}}}|[http://omim.org/entry/{{{OMIM}}} {{{OMIM}}}] {{{OMIM_mult|}}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P492|formatting = [https://omim.org/entry/$1 $1]}} }}

| label35     = [[Diseases Database|DiseasesDB]]
| data35      = {{#if:{{{DiseasesDB|}}}|[http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb{{{DiseasesDB}}}.htm {{{DiseasesDB}}}] {{{DiseasesDB_mult|}}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P557|formatting = [http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb$1.htm $1]}} }}

| label36     = [[MedlinePlus]]
| data36      = {{#if:{{{MedlinePlus|}}}|[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/{{{MedlinePlus}}}.htm {{{MedlinePlus}}}]  {{{MedlinePlus_mult|}}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P604|formatting = [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/$1.htm $1]}} }}

| label37     = [[eMedicine]]
| data37      = {{#if:{{{eMedicineSubj|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{eMedicineSubj|}}}|search|[http://search.medscape.com/emedicine-search?queryText={{{eMedicineTopic}}} topic list]|{{#ifeq:{{{eMedicineSubj|}}}|article|[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/{{{eMedicineTopic}}}-overview|[http://www.emedicine.com/{{{eMedicineSubj}}}/topic{{{eMedicineTopic}}}.htm}} {{{eMedicineSubj}}}/{{{eMedicineTopic}}}]}} {{{eMedicine_mult|}}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P604|formatting = [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/$1 $1]}} }}


| label38     = [[Medical Subject Headings|MeSH]]
| data38      = {{#if:  {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}} | {{mesh2|{{{MeshID|{{{MeSH|{{{MeSH1}}}}}}}}}| year= {{{MeshYear|{{{MeshYear1|}}}}}} }} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if: {{{MeSH2|}}} | {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}} | , }} {{mesh2|{{{MeSH2|}}}|year={{{MeshYear2|}}}}} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if: {{{MeSH3|}}} | {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}}{{{MeSH2|}}} | , }} {{mesh2|{{{MeSH3|}}}|year={{{MeshYear3|}}}}} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if: {{{MeSH4|}}} | {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}}{{{MeSH2|}}}{{{MeSH3|}}} | , }} {{mesh2|{{{MeSH4|}}}|year={{{MeshYear4|}}}}} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if: {{{MeSH5|}}} | {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}}{{{MeSH2|}}}{{{MeSH3|}}}{{{MeSH4|}}} | , }} {{mesh2|{{{MeSH5|}}}|year={{{MeshYear5|}}}}} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if: {{{MeSH6|}}} | {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}}{{{MeSH2|}}}{{{MeSH3|}}}{{{MeSH4|}}}{{{MeSH5|}}} | , }} {{mesh2|{{{MeSH6|}}}|year={{{MeshYear6|}}}}} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if: {{{MeSH7|}}} | {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}}{{{MeSH2|}}}{{{MeSH3|}}}{{{MeSH4|}}}{{{MeSH5|}}}{{{MeSH6|}}} | , }} {{mesh2|{{{MeSH7|}}}|year={{{MeshYear7|}}}}} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if: {{{MeSH8|}}} | {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}}{{{MeSH2|}}}{{{MeSH3|}}}{{{MeSH4|}}}{{{MeSH5|}}}{{{MeSH6|}}}{{{MeSH7|}}} | , }} {{mesh2|{{{MeSH8|}}}|year={{{MeshYear8|}}}}} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if: {{{MeSH9|}}} | {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}}{{{MeSH2|}}}{{{MeSH3|}}}{{{MeSH4|}}}{{{MeSH5|}}}{{{MeSH6|}}}{{{MeSH7|}}}{{{MeSH8|}}} | , }} {{mesh2|{{{MeSH9|}}}|year={{{MeshYear9|}}}}} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if: {{{MeshName|}}} | {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeSH|}}}{{{MeSH1|}}}{{{MeSH2|}}}{{{MeSH3|}}}{{{MeSH4|}}}{{{MeSH5|}}}{{{MeSH6|}}}{{{MeSH7|}}}{{{MeSH8|}}}{{{MeSH9|}}} | , }} ''{{mesh2 | name = {{{MeshName}}} | number = {{{MeshNumber|}}} }}''|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P486|formatting = [https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/#/record/ui?ui=$1 $1]}}}}

| label39     = [[GeneReviews]]
| class39     = plainlist
| data39      = {{#if:{{{GeneReviewsNBK|}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK1|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK|{{{GeneReviewsNBK1}}}}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName|{{{GeneReviewsName1|}}}}}}}}|{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsID|}}}| 
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/gene/{{{GeneReviewsID}}}/ {{#if: {{{GeneReviewsName|}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName}}}|{{{GeneReviewsID}}}}}]}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK2|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK2}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName2|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK3|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK3}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName3|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK4|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK4}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName4|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK5|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK5}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName5|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK6|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK6}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName6|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK7|}}}| 
* {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK7}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName7|}}}}}
|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P668|formatting = [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/$1 $1]}}
}}

| label40     = [[PubMed]]
| data40      = {{{PubMed|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P698|formatting = [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=$1 $1]}}}}}

| label41     = [[Disease Ontology ID]]
| data41      = {{{PubMed|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P699|formatting = [http://disease-ontology.org/term/$1 $1]}}}}}

}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Main other</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4499</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28587</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T17:52:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:   &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;   {{#if:{{{demospace|}}}    | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;   |...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28587</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="409" sha1="ngt28vb1n5t4bh1su57btnqyofkd1d5" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:
  &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;
  {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} 
  | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;
  | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}
    | main
    | other
    }} 
  }}
| main     = {{{1|}}}
| other
| #default = {{{2|}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ngt28vb1n5t4bh1su57btnqyofkd1d5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:InfoboxImage</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4500</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28588</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T17:53:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- Inputs: --    image - Can either be a bare filename (with or without the File:/Image: prefix) or a fully formatted image link --    page - page to display for multipage ima...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28588</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="9341" sha1="ny5kpabema8xigqn0jgf804ue38djbe" xml:space="preserve">-- Inputs:
--    image - Can either be a bare filename (with or without the File:/Image: prefix) or a fully formatted image link
--    page - page to display for multipage images (DjVu)
--    size - size to display the image
--    maxsize - maximum size for image
--    sizedefault - default size to display the image if size param is blank
--    alt - alt text for image
--    title - title text for image
--    border - set to yes if border
--    center - set to yes, if the image has to be centered
--    upright - upright image param
--    suppressplaceholder - if yes then checks to see if image is a placeholder and suppresses it
--    link - page to visit when clicking on image
-- Outputs:
--    Formatted image.
-- More details available at the &quot;Module:InfoboxImage/doc&quot; page

local i = {};

local placeholder_image = {
    &quot;Blue - Replace this image female.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Blue - Replace this image male.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Female no free image yet.png&quot;,
    &quot;Flag of None (square).svg&quot;,
    &quot;Flag of None.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Flag of.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Green - Replace this image female.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Green - Replace this image male.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Image is needed female.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Image is needed male.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Location map of None.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Male no free image yet.png&quot;,
    &quot;Missing flag.png&quot;,
    &quot;No flag.svg&quot;,
    &quot;No free portrait.svg&quot;,
    &quot;No portrait (female).svg&quot;,
    &quot;No portrait (male).svg&quot;,
    &quot;Red - Replace this image female.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Red - Replace this image male.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Replace this image female (blue).svg&quot;,
    &quot;Replace this image female.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Replace this image male (blue).svg&quot;,
    &quot;Replace this image male.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Silver - Replace this image female.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Silver - Replace this image male.svg&quot;,
    &quot;Replace this image.svg&quot;,
	&quot;Cricket no pic.png&quot;,
	&quot;CarersLogo.gif&quot;,
	&quot;Diagram Needed.svg&quot;,
	&quot;Example.jpg&quot;,
	&quot;Image placeholder.png&quot;,
	&quot;No male portrait.svg&quot;,
	&quot;Nocover-upload.png&quot;,
	&quot;NoDVDcover copy.png&quot;,
	&quot;Noribbon.svg&quot;,
	&quot;No portrait-BFD-test.svg&quot;,
	&quot;Placeholder barnstar ribbon.png&quot;,
	&quot;Project Trains no image.png&quot;,
	&quot;Image-request.png&quot;,
	&quot;Sin bandera.svg&quot;,
	&quot;Sin escudo.svg&quot;,
	&quot;Replace this image - temple.png&quot;,
	&quot;Replace this image butterfly.png&quot;,
	&quot;Replace this image.svg&quot;,
	&quot;Replace this image1.svg&quot;,
	&quot;Resolution angle.png&quot;,
	&quot;Image-No portrait-text-BFD-test.svg&quot;,
	&quot;Insert image here.svg&quot;,
	&quot;No image available.png&quot;,
	&quot;NO IMAGE YET square.png&quot;,
	&quot;NO IMAGE YET.png&quot;,
	&quot;No Photo Available.svg&quot;,
	&quot;No Screenshot.svg&quot;,
	&quot;No-image-available.jpg&quot;,
	&quot;Null.png&quot;,
	&quot;PictureNeeded.gif&quot;,
	&quot;Place holder.jpg&quot;,
	&quot;Unbenannt.JPG&quot;,
	&quot;UploadACopyrightFreeImage.svg&quot;,
	&quot;UploadAnImage.gif&quot;,
	&quot;UploadAnImage.svg&quot;,
	&quot;UploadAnImageShort.svg&quot;,
	&quot;CarersLogo.gif&quot;,
	&quot;Diagram Needed.svg&quot;,
	&quot;No male portrait.svg&quot;,
	&quot;NoDVDcover copy.png&quot;,
	&quot;Placeholder barnstar ribbon.png&quot;,
	&quot;Project Trains no image.png&quot;,
	&quot;Image-request.png&quot;,
}

function i.IsPlaceholder(image)
    -- change underscores to spaces
    image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, &quot;_&quot;, &quot; &quot;);
    assert(image ~= nil, 'mw.ustring.gsub(image, &quot;_&quot;, &quot; &quot;) must not return nil')
    -- if image starts with [[ then remove that and anything after |
    if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == &quot;[[&quot; then
        image = mw.ustring.sub(image,3);
        image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, &quot;([^|]*)|.*&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;);
        assert(image ~= nil, 'mw.ustring.gsub(image, &quot;([^|]*)|.*&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;) must not return nil')
    end
    -- Trim spaces
    image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1');
    assert(image ~= nil, &quot;mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1') must not return nil&quot;)
    -- remove prefix if exists
    local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases
    allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name
    allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName
    for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do
        if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. &quot;:&quot;) then
            image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2);
            break
        end
    end
    -- Trim spaces
    image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1');
    -- capitalise first letter
    image = mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(image,2);

    for i,j in pairs(placeholder_image) do
        if image == j then
            return true
        end
    end
    return false
end

function i.InfoboxImage(frame)
    local image = frame.args[&quot;image&quot;];
    
    if image == &quot;&quot; or image == nil then
        return &quot;&quot;;
    end
    if image == &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot; then
        return image;
    end
    if frame.args[&quot;suppressplaceholder&quot;] ~= &quot;no&quot; then
        if i.IsPlaceholder(image) == true then
            return &quot;&quot;;
        end
    end

    if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5)) == &quot;http:&quot; then
        return &quot;&quot;;
    end
    if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == &quot;[http:&quot; then
        return &quot;&quot;;
    end
    if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == &quot;[[http:&quot; then
        return &quot;&quot;;
    end
    if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == &quot;https:&quot; then
        return &quot;&quot;;
    end
    if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == &quot;[https:&quot; then
        return &quot;&quot;;
    end
    if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,8)) == &quot;[[https:&quot; then
        return &quot;&quot;;
    end

    if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == &quot;[[&quot; then
        -- search for thumbnail images and add to tracking cat if found
        if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 and (mw.ustring.find(image, &quot;|%s*thumb%s*[|%]]&quot;) or mw.ustring.find(image, &quot;|%s*thumbnail%s*[|%]]&quot;)) then
            return image .. &quot;[[Category:Pages using infoboxes with thumbnail images]]&quot;;
        else
            return image;
        end
    elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == &quot;{{&quot; and mw.ustring.sub(image,1,3) ~= &quot;{{{&quot; then
        return image;
    elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1) == &quot;&lt;&quot; then
        return image;
    elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5) == mw.ustring.char(127)..&quot;UNIQ&quot; then
        -- Found strip marker at begining, so pass don't process at all
        return image;
    elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,4,9) == &quot;`UNIQ-&quot; then
        -- Found strip marker at begining, so pass don't process at all
        return image;
    else
        local result = &quot;&quot;;
        local page = frame.args[&quot;page&quot;];
        local size = frame.args[&quot;size&quot;];
        local maxsize = frame.args[&quot;maxsize&quot;];
        local sizedefault = frame.args[&quot;sizedefault&quot;];
        local alt = frame.args[&quot;alt&quot;];
        local link = frame.args[&quot;link&quot;];
        local title = frame.args[&quot;title&quot;];
        local border = frame.args[&quot;border&quot;];
        local upright = frame.args[&quot;upright&quot;] or &quot;&quot;;
        local thumbtime = frame.args[&quot;thumbtime&quot;] or &quot;&quot;;
        local center= frame.args[&quot;center&quot;];
        
        -- remove prefix if exists
        local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases
        allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name
        allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName
        for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do
            if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. &quot;:&quot;) then
                image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2);
                break
            end
        end
        
        if maxsize ~= &quot;&quot; and maxsize ~= nil then
            -- if no sizedefault then set to maxsize
            if sizedefault == &quot;&quot; or sizedefault == nil then
                sizedefault = maxsize
            end
            -- check to see if size bigger than maxsize
            if size ~= &quot;&quot; and size ~= nil then
                local sizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(size,&quot;%d*&quot;)) or 0;
                local maxsizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(maxsize,&quot;%d*&quot;)) or 0;
                if sizenumber&gt;maxsizenumber and maxsizenumber&gt;0 then
                    size = maxsize;
                end
            end
        end
        -- add px to size if just a number
        if (tonumber(size) or 0) &gt; 0 then
            size = size .. &quot;px&quot;;
        end
        
        result = &quot;[[File:&quot; .. image;
        if page ~= &quot;&quot; and page ~= nil then
            result = result .. &quot;|page=&quot; .. page;
        end
        if size ~= &quot;&quot; and size ~= nil then
            result = result .. &quot;|&quot; .. size;
        elseif sizedefault ~= &quot;&quot; and sizedefault ~= nil then
            result = result .. &quot;|&quot; .. sizedefault;
        else
            result = result .. &quot;|frameless&quot;;
        end
        if center == &quot;yes&quot; then
            result = result .. &quot;|center&quot;
        end
        if alt ~= &quot;&quot; and alt ~= nil then
            result = result .. &quot;|alt=&quot; .. alt;
        end
        if link ~= &quot;&quot; and link ~= nil then
            result = result .. &quot;|link=&quot; .. link;
        end
        if border == &quot;yes&quot; then
            result = result .. &quot;|border&quot;;
        end
        if upright == &quot;yes&quot; then
            result = result .. &quot;|upright&quot;;
        elseif upright ~= &quot;&quot; then
            result = result .. &quot;|upright=&quot; .. upright;
        end
        if thumbtime ~= &quot;&quot; then
            result = result .. &quot;|thumbtime=&quot; .. thumbtime;
        end
        if title ~= &quot;&quot; and title ~= nil then
            result = result .. &quot;|&quot; .. title;
        elseif alt ~= &quot;&quot; and alt ~= nil then
            result = result .. &quot;|&quot; .. alt;
        end
        result = result .. &quot;]]&quot;;
        
        return result;
    end
end

return i;</text>
      <sha1>ny5kpabema8xigqn0jgf804ue38djbe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Wikidata</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4501</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36149</id>
      <parentid>35310</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-06-17T10:07:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vriullop</username>
        <id>6742</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>update to last version</comment>
      <origin>36149</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="72288" sha1="jlqodxhescpwr2ok6kemoexkz5bifsg" xml:space="preserve">-- version 20210527 from master @cawiki

local p = {}

-- Initialization of variables --------------------

local i18n = {						-- internationalisation at [[Module:Wikidata/i18n]]
	[&quot;errors&quot;] = {
		[&quot;property-not-found&quot;] = &quot;Property not found.&quot;,
		[&quot;qualifier-not-found&quot;] = &quot;Qualifier not found.&quot;,
	},
	
	[&quot;datetime&quot;] = {
		-- $1 is a placeholder for the actual number
		[&quot;beforenow&quot;] = &quot;$1 BCE&quot;,	-- how to format negative numbers for precisions 0 to 5
		[&quot;afternow&quot;] = &quot;$1 CE&quot;,		-- how to format positive numbers for precisions 0 to 5
		[&quot;bc&quot;] = &quot;$1 BCE&quot;,			-- how print negative years
		[&quot;ad&quot;] = &quot;$1&quot;,				-- how print 1st century AD dates
		
		[0] = &quot;$1 billion years&quot;,	-- precision: billion years
		[1] = &quot;$100 million years&quot;,	-- precision: hundred million years
		[2] = &quot;$10 million years&quot;,	-- precision: ten million years
		[3] = &quot;$1 million years&quot;,	-- precision: million years
		[4] = &quot;$100000 years&quot;,		-- precision: hundred thousand years; thousand separators added afterwards
		[5] = &quot;$10000 years&quot;,		-- precision: ten thousand years; thousand separators added afterwards
		[6] = &quot;$1 millennium&quot;,		-- precision: millennium
		[7] = &quot;$1 century&quot;,			-- precision: century
		[8] = &quot;$1s&quot;,				-- precision: decade
		-- the following use the format of #time parser function
		[9] = &quot;Y&quot;,					-- precision: year, 
		[10] = &quot;F Y&quot;,				-- precision: month
		[11] = &quot;F j, Y&quot;,			-- precision: day
		
		[&quot;hms&quot;] = {[&quot;hours&quot;] = &quot;h&quot;, [&quot;minutes&quot;] = &quot;m&quot;, [&quot;seconds&quot;] = &quot;s&quot;},	-- duration: xh xm xs
	},
	
	[&quot;years-old&quot;] = {&quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;},		-- year(s) old, as in {{PLURAL:$1|singular|plural}}
	-- two values for most languages, up to six values for some languages
	-- see documentation of PLURAL magic word in your language, examples:
	-- [&quot;years-old&quot;] = {&quot;singular&quot;, &quot;paucal&quot;, &quot;plural&quot;} in Russian and other Slavic languages
	-- [&quot;years-old&quot;] = {&quot;zero&quot;, &quot;one&quot;, &quot;two&quot;, &quot;few 3-10&quot;, &quot;many 11-99&quot;, &quot;other 100-102&quot;} in Arabic
	
	[&quot;cite&quot;] = {					-- cite parameters
		[&quot;title&quot;] = &quot;title&quot;,
		[&quot;author&quot;] = &quot;author&quot;,
		[&quot;date&quot;] = &quot;date&quot;,
		[&quot;pages&quot;] = &quot;pages&quot;,
		[&quot;language&quot;] = &quot;language&quot;,
		-- cite web parameters
		[&quot;url&quot;] = &quot;url&quot;,
		[&quot;website&quot;] = &quot;website&quot;,
		[&quot;access-date&quot;] = &quot;access-date&quot;,
		[&quot;archive-url&quot;] = &quot;archive-url&quot;,
		[&quot;archive-date&quot;] = &quot;archive-date&quot;,
		[&quot;publisher&quot;] = &quot;publisher&quot;,
		[&quot;quote&quot;] = &quot;quote&quot;,
		-- cite journal parameters
		[&quot;work&quot;] = &quot;work&quot;,
		[&quot;issue&quot;] = &quot;issue&quot;,
		[&quot;issn&quot;] = &quot;issn&quot;,
		[&quot;doi&quot;] = &quot;doi&quot;
	},
	
	-- default local wiki settings
	[&quot;addpencil&quot;] = false, -- adds a pencil icon linked to Wikidata statement, planned to overwrite by Wikidata Bridge
	[&quot;categorylabels&quot;] = &quot;&quot;, -- Category:Pages with Wikidata labels not translated (void for no local category)
	[&quot;categoryprop&quot;] = &quot;&quot;, -- Category:Pages using Wikidata property $1 (void for no local category)
	[&quot;categoryref&quot;] = &quot;&quot;, -- Category:Pages with references from Wikidata (void for no local category)
	[&quot;addfallback&quot;] = {} -- additional fallback language codes
}

local cases = {} -- functions for local grammatical cases defined at [[Module:Wikidata/i18n]]

local required = ... -- variadic arguments from require function
local wiki = 
{
	langcode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code,
	module_title = required or mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle()
}

local untranslated -- used in infobox modules: nil or true
local _ -- variable for unused returned values, avoiding globals

-- Module local functions --------------------------------------------

-- Credit to http://stackoverflow.com/a/1283608/2644759, cc-by-sa 3.0
local function tableMerge(t1, t2)
	for k, v in pairs(t2) do
		if type(v) == &quot;table&quot; then
			if type(t1[k] or false) == &quot;table&quot; then
				tableMerge(t1[k] or {}, t2[k] or {})
			else
				t1[k] = v
			end
		else
			t1[k] = v
		end
	end
	return t1
end

local function loadI18n(lang)
	local exist, res = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. &quot;/i18n&quot;)
	if exist and next(res) ~= nil then
		tableMerge(i18n, res.i18n)
		cases = res.cases
	end
	if lang ~= wiki.langcode then
		exist, res = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. &quot;/i18n/&quot; .. lang)
		if exist and next(res) ~= nil then
			tableMerge(i18n, res.i18n)
			tableMerge(cases, res.cases)
		end
	end
end

-- Table of language codes: requested or default and its fallbacks
local function findLang(langcode)
	if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode or '') == false then
		local cframe = mw.getCurrentFrame()
		local pframe = cframe:getParent()
		langcode = pframe and pframe.args.lang
		if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode or '') == false then
			if not mw.title.getCurrentTitle().isContentPage then
				langcode = cframe:preprocess('{{int:lang}}')
			end
			if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode or '') == false then
				langcode = wiki.langcode
			end
		end
	end
	
	loadI18n(langcode)
	
	local languages = mw.language.getFallbacksFor(langcode)
	table.insert(languages, 1, langcode)
	if langcode == wiki.langcode then
		for _, l in ipairs(i18n.addfallback) do
			table.insert(languages, l)
		end
	end
	
	return languages
end

-- Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.
local function isSet(var)
	return not (var == nil or (type(var) == 'string' and mw.text.trim(var) == ''))
end

-- Set local case to a label
local function case(localcase, label, ...)
	if not isSet(label) then return label end
	
	if type(localcase) == &quot;function&quot; then
		return localcase(label)
	elseif localcase == &quot;smallcaps&quot; then
		return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps;&quot;&gt;' .. label .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
	elseif cases[localcase] then
		return cases[localcase](label, ...)
	end
	
	return label
end

-- get safely a serialized snak
local function getSnak(statement, snaks)
	local ret = statement
	for i, v in ipairs(snaks) do
		if not ret then return end
		ret = ret[v]
	end
	return ret
end

-- mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang or getLabelByLang with a table of languages
local function getLabelByLangs(id, languages)
	local label
	local lang
	for _, l in ipairs(languages) do
		if l == wiki.langcode then
			-- using getLabelWithLang when possible instead of getLabelByLang
			label, l = mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang(id)
		else
			label = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, l)
		end
		if label then
			lang = l
			break
		end
	end
	return label, lang
end

-- getBestStatements if bestrank=true, else getAllStatements with no deprecated
local function getStatements(entityId, property, bestrank)
	local claims = {}
	if not (entityId and mw.ustring.match(property, &quot;^P%d+$&quot;)) then return claims end
	if bestrank then
		claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(entityId, property)
	else
		local allclaims = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(entityId, property)
		for _, c in ipairs(allclaims) do
			if c.rank ~= &quot;deprecated&quot; then
				table.insert(claims, c)
			end
		end
	end
	return claims
end

-- Is gender femenine? true or false
local function feminineGender(id)
	local claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage(),'P21')
	local gender_id = getSnak(claims, {1, &quot;mainsnak&quot;, &quot;datavalue&quot;, &quot;value&quot;, &quot;id&quot;})
	if gender_id == &quot;Q6581072&quot; or gender_id == &quot;Q1052281&quot; or gender_id == &quot;Q43445&quot; then -- female, transgender female, female organism
		return true
	end
	return false
end

-- Fetch female form of label
local function feminineForm(id, lang)
	local feminine_claims = getStatements(id, 'P2521')
	for _, feminine_claim in ipairs(feminine_claims) do
		if getSnak(feminine_claim, {'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'language'}) == lang then
			return feminine_claim.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text
		end
	end
end

-- Add an icon for no label in requested language
local function addLabelIcon(label_id, lang, uselang, icon)
	local ret_lang, ret_icon = '', ''
	if icon then
		if lang and lang ~= uselang then
			ret_lang = &quot; &lt;sup&gt;(&quot; .. lang .. &quot;)&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;
		end
		if label_id and (lang == nil or lang ~= uselang) then
			local namespace = ''
			if string.sub(label_id, 1, 1) == 'P' then
				namespace = 'Property:'
			end
			ret_icon = &quot; [[File:Noun Project label icon 1116097 cc mirror.svg|10px|baseline|&quot;
				.. mw.message.new('Translate-taction-translate'):inLanguage(uselang):plain()
				.. &quot;|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/&quot; .. namespace .. label_id .. &quot;?uselang=&quot; .. uselang .. &quot;]]&quot;
			untranslated = true
		end
		if isSet(i18n.categorylabels) and lang ~= uselang and uselang == wiki.langcode then
			ret_icon = ret_icon .. '[[' .. i18n.categorylabels .. (lang and ']]' or '/Q]]')
		end
	end
	return ret_lang .. ret_icon
end

-- editicon values: true/false (no=false), right, void defaults to i18n.addpencil
-- labelicon only by parameter
local function setIcons(arg, parg)
	local val = arg == nil and parg or arg
	local edit_icon, label_icon
	if not isSet(val) then
		edit_icon, label_icon = i18n.addpencil, true
	elseif val == false or val == &quot;false&quot; or val == &quot;no&quot; then
		edit_icon, label_icon = false, false
	else
		edit_icon, label_icon = val, true
	end
	return edit_icon, label_icon
end

-- Add an icon for editing a statement with requirements for Wikidata Bridge
local function addEditIcon(parameters)
	local ret = ''
	if parameters.editicon and parameters.id and parameters.property then
		local icon_style = parameters.editicon == &quot;right&quot; and ' style=&quot;float: right;&quot;' or ''
		ret = ' &lt;span class=&quot;penicon&quot; data-bridge-edit-flow=&quot;single-best-value&quot;' .. icon_style .. '&gt;'
			.. &quot;[[File:Arbcom ru editing.svg|10px|baseline|&quot;
			.. string.gsub(mw.message.new('Wikibase-client-data-bridge-bailout-suggestion-go-to-repo-button'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain(), '{{WBREPONAME}}', 'Wikidata')
			.. &quot;|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/&quot; .. parameters.id .. &quot;?uselang=&quot; .. parameters.lang[1] .. &quot;#&quot; .. parameters.property .. &quot;]]&quot;
			.. &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;
		if isSet(i18n.categoryprop) then
			ret = ret .. &quot;[[&quot; .. string.gsub(i18n.categoryprop, '$1', parameters.property) .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	end
	return ret
end
-- add edit icon to the last element of a table
local function addEditIconTable(thetable, parameters)
	if #thetable == 0 or parameters.editicon == false then
		return thetable
	end
	local last_element = thetable[#thetable]
	local the_icon = addEditIcon(parameters)
	-- add it before last html closing tags
	local tags = ''
	local rev_element = string.reverse(last_element)
	for tag in string.gmatch(rev_element, '(&gt;%l+/&lt;)') do
		if string.match(rev_element, '^' .. tags .. tag) then
			tags = tags .. tag
		else
			break
		end
	end
	local last_tags = string.reverse(tags)
	local offset = string.find(last_element, last_tags .. '$')
	if offset then
		thetable[#thetable] = string.sub(last_element, 1, offset - 1) .. the_icon .. last_tags
	else
		thetable[#thetable] = last_element .. the_icon
	end
	return thetable
end

-- Escape Lua captures
local function captureEscapes(text)
	return mw.ustring.gsub(text, &quot;(%%%d)&quot;, &quot;%%%1&quot;)
end

-- expandTemplate or callParserFunction
local function expandBraces(text, formatting)
	if text == nil or formatting == nil then return text end
	-- only expand braces if provided in argument, not included in value as in Q1164668
	if mw.ustring.find(formatting, '{{', 1, true) == nil then return text end
	if type(text) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
		text = tostring(text)
	end
	
	for braces in mw.ustring.gmatch(text, &quot;{{(.-)}}&quot;) do
		local parts = mw.text.split(braces, &quot;|&quot;)
		local title_part = parts[1]
		local parameters = {}
		for i = 2, #parts do
			local subparts = mw.ustring.find(parts[i], &quot;=&quot;)
			if subparts then
				local param_name = mw.ustring.sub(parts[i], 1, subparts - 1)
				local param_value = mw.ustring.sub(parts[i], subparts + 1, -1)
				-- reconstruct broken links by parts
				if i &lt; #parts and mw.ustring.find(param_value, &quot;[[&quot;, 1, true) and not mw.ustring.find(param_value, &quot;]]&quot;, 1, true) then
					parameters[param_name] = param_value
					local part_next = i + 1
					while parts[part_next] and mw.ustring.find(parts[part_next], &quot;]]&quot;, 1, true) do
						parameters[param_name] = parameters[param_name] .. &quot;|&quot; .. parts[part_next]
						part_next = part_next + 1
					end
				else
					parameters[param_name] = param_value
				end
			elseif not mw.ustring.find(parts[i], &quot;]]&quot;, 1, true) then
				table.insert(parameters, parts[i])
			end
		end
		
		local braces_expanded
		if mw.ustring.find(title_part, &quot;:&quot;)
			and mw.text.split(title_part, &quot;:&quot;)[1] ~= mw.site.namespaces[10].name -- not a prefix Template:
			then
			braces_expanded = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction{name=title_part, args=parameters}
		else
			braces_expanded = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=title_part, args=parameters}
		end
		braces = mw.ustring.gsub(braces, &quot;([%^%$%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])&quot;, &quot;%%%1&quot;) -- escape magic characters
		braces_expanded = captureEscapes(braces_expanded)
		text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, &quot;{{&quot; .. braces .. &quot;}}&quot;, braces_expanded)
	end
	
	return text
end

-- format data type math
local function printDatatypeMath(data)
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('#tag:math', data)
end

-- format data type musical-notation
local function printDatatypeMusical(data, formatting)
	local attr = {}
	if formatting == 'sound' then
		attr.sound = 1
	end
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('score', data, attr)
end

-- format data type string
local function printDatatypeString(data, parameters)
	if mw.ustring.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$1', 1, true) then -- formatting = a pattern
		return expandBraces(mw.ustring.gsub(parameters.formatting, '$1', {['$1'] = data}), parameters.formatting)
	elseif parameters.case then
		return case(parameters.case, data, parameters.lang[1], feminineGender(parameters.id))
	end
	local data_number = string.match(data, &quot;^%d+&quot;)
	if data_number then -- sort key by initial number and remaining string
		local sortkey = string.format(&quot;%019d&quot;, data_number * 1000)
		return data, sortkey .. string.sub(data, #data_number + 1)
	end
	return data
end

-- format data type url
local function printDatatypeUrl(data, parameters)
	if parameters.formatting == 'weblink' then
		local label_parts = mw.text.split(string.gsub(data, '/$', ''), '/')
		local label = string.gsub(label_parts[3], '^www%.', '')
		if #label_parts &gt; 3 then
			label = label .. '…'
		end
		return '[' .. data .. ' ' .. label .. ']'
	end
	return printDatatypeString(data, parameters)
end

-- format data type external-id
local function printDatatypeExternal(data, parameters)
	if parameters.formatting == 'externalid' then
		local p_stat = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(parameters.property, 'P1630') -- formatter URL
		local p_link_pattern = getSnak(p_stat, {1, &quot;mainsnak&quot;, &quot;datavalue&quot;, &quot;value&quot;})
		if p_link_pattern then
			local p_link = mw.ustring.gsub(p_link_pattern, '$1', {['$1'] = data})
			return '[' .. p_link .. ' ' .. data .. ']'
		end
	end
	return printDatatypeString(data, parameters)
end

-- format data type commonsMedia and geo-shape
local function printDatatypeMedia(data, parameters)
	local icon
	if not string.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$1', 1, true) then
		icon = &quot;no-icon&quot;
		if not string.find(data, '^Data:') then
			data = mw.uri.encode(data, 'PATH') -- encode special characters in filename
		end
	end
	return printDatatypeString(data, parameters), icon
end

-- format data type globe-coordinate
local function printDatatypeCoordinate(data, formatting)
	local function globes(globe_id)
		local globes = {['Q3134']='callisto',['Q596']='ceres',['Q15040']='dione',['Q2']='earth',['Q3303']='enceladus',
			['Q3143']='europa',['Q17975']='phoebe',['Q3169']='ganymede',['Q3123']='io',['Q17958']='iapetus',
			['Q308']='mercury',['Q15034']='mimas',['Q405']='moon',['Q15050']='rhea',['Q15047']='tethys',
			['Q111']='mars',['Q2565']='titan',['Q3359']='triton',['Q313']='venus',['Q3030']='vesta'}
		return globes[globe_id]
	end
	
	local function roundPrecision(num, prec)
		if prec == nil or prec &lt;= 0 then return num end
		local sig = 10^math.floor(math.log10(prec)+.5) -- significant figure from sexagesimal precision: 0.00123 -&gt; 0.001
		return math.floor(num / sig + 0.5) * sig
	end
	
	local precision = data.precision
	local latitude = roundPrecision(data.latitude, precision)
	local longitude = roundPrecision(data.longitude, precision)
	if formatting and string.find(formatting, '$lat', 1, true) and string.find(formatting, '$lon', 1, true) then
		local ret = mw.ustring.gsub(formatting, '$l[ao][tn]', {['$lat'] = latitude, ['$lon'] = longitude})
		if string.find(formatting, '$globe', 1, true) then
			local myglobe = 'earth'
			if isSet(data.globe) then
				local globenum = mw.text.split(data.globe, 'entity/')[2] -- http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2
				myglobe = globes(globenum) or 'earth'
			end
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(ret, '$globe', myglobe)
		end
		return expandBraces(ret, formatting)
	elseif formatting == 'latitude' then
		return latitude, &quot;no-icon&quot;
	elseif formatting == 'longitude' then
		return longitude, &quot;no-icon&quot;
	elseif formatting == 'dimension' then
		return data.dimension, &quot;no-icon&quot;
	else --default formatting='globe'
		if isSet(data.globe) == false or data.globe == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2' then
			return 'earth', &quot;no-icon&quot;
		else
			local globenum = mw.text.split(data.globe, 'entity/')[2]
			return globes(globenum) or globenum, &quot;no-icon&quot;
		end
	end
end

-- Local functions for data value quantity
local function unitSymbol(id, lang) -- get unit symbol or code
	local unit_symbol = ''
	if lang == wiki.langcode and pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. &quot;/Units&quot;) then
		unit_symbol = require(wiki.module_title .. &quot;/Units&quot;).getUnit(0, '', id, true)
	end
	if unit_symbol == '' then
		-- fetch it
		local claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, 'P5061')
		if #claims &gt; 0 then
			local langclaims = {}
			table.insert(lang, 'mul') -- multilingual as last try
			for _, snak in ipairs(claims) do
				local snak_language = getSnak(snak, {&quot;mainsnak&quot;, &quot;datavalue&quot;, &quot;value&quot;, &quot;language&quot;})
				if snak_language and not langclaims[snak_language] then -- just the first one by language
					langclaims[snak_language] = snak.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text
				end
			end
			for _, l in ipairs(lang) do
				if langclaims[l] then
					return langclaims[l]
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return unit_symbol
end

local function getUnit(amount, id, parameters) -- get unit symbol or name
	local suffix = ''
	if parameters.formatting == &quot;unitcode&quot; then
		-- get unit symbol
		local unit_symbol = unitSymbol(id, parameters.lang)
		if isSet(unit_symbol) then
			suffix = unit_symbol
		end
	end
	if suffix == '' then -- formatting=unit, or formatting=unitcode not found
		-- get unit name
		local unit_label, lang = getLabelByLangs(id, parameters.lang)
		if lang == wiki.langcode and pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. &quot;/Units&quot;) then
			suffix = require(wiki.module_title .. &quot;/Units&quot;).getUnit(amount, unit_label, id, false)
		else
			suffix = (unit_label or id) .. addLabelIcon(id, lang, parameters.lang[1], parameters.labelicon)
		end
	end
	if suffix ~= '' then
		suffix = ' ' .. suffix
	end
	return suffix
end

local function roundDefPrecision(in_num, factor)
	-- rounds out_num with significant figures of in_num (default precision)
	local out_num = in_num * factor
	if factor/60 == math.floor(factor/60) or out_num == 0 then -- sexagesimal integer or avoiding NaN
		return out_num
	end
	-- first, count digits after decimal mark, handling cases like '12.345e6'
	local exponent, prec
	local integer, dot, decimals, expstr = in_num:match('^(%d*)(%.?)(%d*)(.*)')
	local e = expstr:sub(1, 1)
	if e == 'e' or e == 'E' then
		exponent = tonumber(expstr:sub(2))
	end
	if dot == '' then
		prec = -integer:match('0*$'):len()
	else
		prec = #decimals
	end
	if exponent then
		-- So '1230' and '1.23e3' both give prec = -1, and '0.00123' and '1.23e-3' give 5.
		prec = prec - exponent
	end
	-- significant figures
	local in_bracket = 10^-prec -- -1 -&gt; 10, 5 -&gt; 0.00001
	local out_bracket = in_bracket * out_num / in_num
	out_bracket = 10^math.floor(math.log10(out_bracket)+.5) -- 1230 -&gt; 1000, 0.00123 -&gt; 0.001
	-- round it (credit to Luc Bloom from http://lua-users.org/wiki/SimpleRound)
	return math.floor(out_num/out_bracket + (out_num &gt;=0 and 1 or -1) * 0.5) * out_bracket
end

-- format data type quantity
local function printDatatypeQuantity(data, parameters)
	local amount = data.amount
	amount = mw.ustring.gsub(amount, &quot;%+&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local suffix = &quot;&quot;
	local conv_amount, conv_suffix
	if string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 4) == &quot;unit&quot; or string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 8) == &quot;duration&quot; or parameters.convert then
		local unit_id = data.unit
		unit_id = mw.ustring.sub(unit_id, mw.ustring.find(unit_id, &quot;Q&quot;), -1)
		if string.sub(unit_id, 1, 1) == &quot;Q&quot; then
			suffix = getUnit(amount, unit_id, parameters)
			local convert_to
			if parameters.convert == &quot;default&quot; or parameters.convert == &quot;default2&quot; then
				local exist, units = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. &quot;/Units&quot;)
				if exist and units.convert_default and next(units.convert_default) ~= nil then
					convert_to = units.convert_default[unit_id]
				end
			elseif string.sub(parameters.convert or '', 1, 1) == &quot;Q&quot; then
				convert_to = parameters.convert
			elseif string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 8) == &quot;duration&quot; then
				convert_to = 'Q11574' -- seconds
			end
			if convert_to and convert_to ~= unit_id then
				-- convert units
				local conv_temp = { -- formulae for temperatures ºC, ºF, ªK: [from] = {[to] = 'formula'}
					['Q25267'] = {['Q42289'] = '$1*1.8+32', ['Q11597'] = '$1+273.15'},
					['Q42289'] = {['Q25267'] = '($1-32)/1.8', ['Q11597'] = '($1+459.67)*5/9'},
					['Q11597'] = {['Q25267'] = '$1-273.15', ['Q42289'] = '($1-273.15)*1.8000+32.00'}
				}
				if conv_temp[unit_id] and conv_temp[unit_id][convert_to] then
					local amount_f = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('#expr', mw.ustring.gsub(conv_temp[unit_id][convert_to], &quot;$1&quot;, amount))
					conv_amount = math.floor(tonumber(amount_f) + 0.5)
				else
					local conversions = getStatements(unit_id, 'P2442') -- conversion to standard unit
					table.insert(conversions, mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(unit_id, 'P2370')[1]) -- conversion to SI unit
					for _, conv in ipairs(conversions) do
						if conv.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then -- no somevalue nor novalue
							if conv.mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit == &quot;http://www.wikidata.org/entity/&quot; .. convert_to then
								conv_amount = roundDefPrecision(amount, tonumber(conv.mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount))
								break
							end
						end
					end
				end
				if conv_amount then
					conv_suffix = getUnit(conv_amount, convert_to, parameters)
				end
			elseif parameters.convert == 'M' and tonumber(amount) &gt; 10^8 then
				conv_amount = math.floor(amount/10^6 + 0.5)
				conv_suffix = ' M' .. string.sub(suffix, 2)
			end
		end
	end
	local lang_obj = mw.language.new(parameters.lang[1])
	local sortkey = string.format(&quot;%019d&quot;, tonumber(amount) * 1000)
	if string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 8) == &quot;duration&quot; then
		local sec = tonumber(conv_amount or amount)
		if parameters.formatting == 'durationhms' or parameters.formatting == 'durationh:m:s' then
			local intervals = {&quot;hours&quot;, &quot;minutes&quot;, &quot;seconds&quot;}
			local sec2table = lang_obj:getDurationIntervals(sec, intervals)
			sec2table[&quot;seconds&quot;] = (sec2table[&quot;seconds&quot;] or 0) + tonumber(&quot;.&quot; .. (tostring(sec):match(&quot;%.(%d+)&quot;) or &quot;0&quot;)) -- add decimals
			local duration = ''
			for i, v in ipairs(intervals) do
				if parameters.formatting == 'durationh:m:s' then
					if i == 1 and sec2table[v] then
						duration = duration .. sec2table[v] .. &quot;:&quot;
					elseif i == 2 then
						duration = duration .. string.format(&quot;%02d&quot;, sec2table[v] or 0) .. &quot;:&quot;
					elseif i == 3 then
						local sec_str = tostring(lang_obj:formatNum(sec2table[v] or 0))
						duration = duration .. (sec2table[v] &lt; 10 and &quot;0&quot; or &quot;&quot;) .. sec_str
					end
				elseif sec2table[v] then
					duration = duration .. lang_obj:formatNum(sec2table[v]) .. i18n.datetime.hms[v] .. (i &lt; 3 and &quot; &quot; or &quot;&quot;)
				end
			end
			return duration
		else
			return lang_obj:formatDuration(sec)
		end
	end
	if parameters.case then
		amount = case(parameters.case, amount, parameters.lang[1])
	elseif parameters.formatting ~= 'raw' then
		amount = lang_obj:formatNum(tonumber(amount))
	end
	if conv_amount then
		local conv_sortkey = string.format(&quot;%019d&quot;, conv_amount * 1000)
		conv_amount = lang_obj:formatNum(conv_amount)
		if parameters.convert == 'default2' then
			return conv_amount .. conv_suffix .. ' (' .. amount .. suffix .. ')', conv_sortkey
		else
			return conv_amount .. conv_suffix, conv_sortkey
		end
	elseif mw.ustring.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$1', 1, true) then -- formatting with pattern
		amount = mw.ustring.gsub(parameters.formatting, '$1', {['$1'] = amount})
	end
	return amount .. suffix, sortkey
end

-- format data type time
local function printDatatypeTime(data, parameters)
	-- Dates and times are stored in ISO 8601 format
	local timestamp = data.time
	local post_format
	local calendar_add = &quot;&quot;
	local precision = data.precision or 11
	
	if string.sub(timestamp, 1, 1) == '-' then
		post_format = i18n.datetime[&quot;bc&quot;]
	elseif string.sub(timestamp, 2, 3) == '00' then
		post_format = i18n.datetime[&quot;ad&quot;]
	elseif precision &gt; 8 then
		-- calendar model
		local calendar_model = {[&quot;Q12138&quot;] = &quot;gregorian&quot;, [&quot;Q1985727&quot;] = &quot;gregorian&quot;, [&quot;Q11184&quot;] = &quot;julian&quot;, [&quot;Q1985786&quot;] = &quot;julian&quot;}
		local calendar_id = mw.text.split(data.calendarmodel, 'entity/')[2]
		if (timestamp &lt; &quot;+1582-10-15T00:00:00Z&quot; and calendar_model[calendar_id] == &quot;gregorian&quot;)
			or (timestamp &gt; &quot;+1582-10-04T00:00:00Z&quot; and calendar_model[calendar_id] == &quot;julian&quot;)
			then
			calendar_add = &quot; &lt;sup&gt;(&quot; .. mw.message.new('Wikibase-time-calendar-' .. calendar_model[calendar_id]):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain() .. &quot;)&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;
		end
	end
	
	local function formatTime(form, stamp)
		local pattern
		if type(form) == &quot;function&quot; then
			pattern = form(stamp)
		else
			pattern = form
		end
		stamp = tostring(stamp)
		if mw.ustring.find(pattern, &quot;$1&quot;) then
			return mw.ustring.gsub(pattern, &quot;$1&quot;, stamp)
		elseif string.sub(stamp, 1, 1) == '-' then -- formatDate() only supports years from 0
			stamp = '+' .. string.sub(stamp, 2)
		elseif string.sub(stamp, 1, 1) ~= '+' then -- not a valid timestamp, it is a number
			stamp = string.format(&quot;%04d&quot;, stamp)
		end
		local ret = mw.language.new(parameters.lang[1]):formatDate(pattern, stamp)
		ret = string.gsub(ret, &quot;^(%[?%[?)0+&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;) -- supress leading zeros
		ret = string.gsub(ret, &quot;( %[?%[?)0+&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
		return ret
	end
	
	local function postFormat(t)
		if post_format and mw.ustring.find(post_format, &quot;$1&quot;) then
			return mw.ustring.gsub(post_format, &quot;$1&quot;, t)
		end
		return t
	end
	
	local intyear = tonumber(string.match(timestamp, &quot;[+-](%d+)&quot;))
	local ret = &quot;&quot;
	
	if precision &lt;= 5 then -- precision is 10000 years or more
		local factor = 10 ^ ((5 - precision) + 4)
		local y2 = math.ceil(math.abs(intyear) / factor)
		local relative = formatTime(i18n.datetime[precision], y2)
		if post_format == i18n.datetime[&quot;bc&quot;] then
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(i18n.datetime.beforenow, &quot;$1&quot;, relative)
		else
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(i18n.datetime.afternow, &quot;$1&quot;, relative)
		end
		local ret_number = string.match(ret, &quot;%d+&quot;)
		if ret_number ~= nil then
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(ret, ret_number, mw.language.new(parameters.lang[1]):formatNum(tonumber(ret_number)))
		end
	elseif precision == 6 or precision == 7 then -- millennia or centuries
		local card = math.floor((intyear - 1) / 10^(9 - precision)) + 1
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[precision], card)
		ret = postFormat(ret)
	elseif precision == 8 then -- decades
		local card = math.floor(math.abs(intyear) / 10) * 10
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[8], card)
		ret = postFormat(ret)
	elseif intyear &gt; 9999 then -- not a valid timestamp
		return
	elseif precision == 9 or parameters.formatting == 'Y' then -- precision is year
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[9], intyear)
		ret = postFormat(ret) .. calendar_add
	elseif precision == 10 then -- month
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[10], timestamp .. &quot; + 1 day&quot;) -- formatDate yyyy-mm-00 returns the previous month
		ret = postFormat(ret) .. calendar_add
	else -- precision 11, day
		ret = formatTime(parameters.formatting or i18n.datetime[11], timestamp)
		ret = postFormat(ret) .. calendar_add
	end
	return ret, timestamp
end

-- format data value wikibase-entityid: types wikibase-item, wikibase-property
local function printDatatypeEntity(data, parameters)
	local entity_id = data['id']
	if parameters.formatting == 'raw' then
		return entity_id, entity_id
	end
	local entity_page = 'Special:EntityPage/' .. entity_id
	local label, lang = getLabelByLangs(entity_id, parameters.lang)
	local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(entity_id)
	local parameter = parameters.formatting
	local labelcase = label or sitelink
	if parameters.gender == 'feminineform' then
		labelcase = feminineForm(entity_id, lang) or labelcase
	end
	if parameters.case ~= 'gender' then
		labelcase = case(parameters.case, labelcase, lang, parameters.lang[1], entity_id, parameters.id)
	end
	local ret1, ret2
	if parameter == 'label' then
		ret1 = labelcase or entity_id
		ret2 = labelcase or entity_id
	elseif parameter == 'sitelink' then
		ret1 = (sitelink or 'd:' .. entity_page)
		ret2 = sitelink or entity_id
	elseif mw.ustring.find((parameter or ''), '$1', 1, true) then -- formatting = a pattern
		ret1 = mw.ustring.gsub(parameter, '$1', labelcase or entity_id)
		ret1 = expandBraces(ret1, parameter)
		ret2 = labelcase or entity_id
	else
		if parameter == &quot;ucfirst&quot; or parameter == &quot;ucinternallink&quot; then
			if labelcase and lang then
				labelcase = mw.language.new(lang):ucfirst(labelcase)
			end
			-- only first of a list, reset formatting for next ones
			if parameter == &quot;ucinterlanllink&quot; then
				parameters.formatting = 'internallink'
			else
				parameters.formatting = nil -- default format
			end
		end
		
		if sitelink then
			ret1 = '[[' .. sitelink .. '|' .. labelcase .. ']]'
			ret2 = labelcase
		elseif label and string.match(parameter or '', 'internallink$') and not mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(label) then
			ret1 = '[[' .. label .. '|' .. labelcase .. ']]'
			ret2 = labelcase
		else
			ret1 = '[[d:' .. entity_page .. '|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#5f9cbb;&quot;&gt;' .. (labelcase or entity_id) .. '&lt;/span&gt;]]'
			ret2 = labelcase or entity_id
		end
	end
	
	return ret1 .. addLabelIcon(entity_id, lang, parameters.lang[1], parameters.labelicon), ret2
end

-- format data type monolingualtext
local function printDatatypeMonolingual(data, parameters)
	-- data fields: language [string], text [string]
	
	if parameters.list == &quot;lang&quot; and data[&quot;language&quot;] ~= parameters.lang[1] then
		return
	elseif parameters.list == &quot;notlang&quot; and data[&quot;language&quot;] == parameters.lang[1] then
		return
	elseif parameters.formatting == &quot;language&quot; or parameters.formatting == &quot;text&quot; then
		return data[parameters.formatting]
	end
	local result = data[&quot;text&quot;]
	if data[&quot;language&quot;] ~= wiki.langcode then
		result = mw.ustring.gsub('&lt;span lang=&quot;$1&quot;&gt;$2&lt;/span&gt;', '$[12]', {[&quot;$1&quot;]=data[&quot;language&quot;], [&quot;$2&quot;]=data[&quot;text&quot;]})
	end
	if mw.ustring.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$', 1, true) then
		-- output format defined with $text, $language
		result = mw.ustring.gsub(parameters.formatting, '$text', result)
		result = mw.ustring.gsub(result, '$language', data[&quot;language&quot;])
	end
	return result
end

local function getSnakValue(snak, parameters)
	if snak.snaktype == 'value' then
		-- see Special:ListDatatypes
		if snak.datatype == &quot;string&quot; then
			return printDatatypeString(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		-- other data value string, tabular-data not implemented
		elseif snak.datatype == &quot;commonsMedia&quot; or snak.datatype == &quot;geo-shape&quot; then
			return printDatatypeMedia(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == &quot;url&quot; then
			return printDatatypeUrl(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == &quot;external-id&quot; then
			return printDatatypeExternal(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == 'math' then
			return printDatatypeMath(snak.datavalue.value)
		elseif snak.datatype == 'musical-notation' then
			return printDatatypeMusical(snak.datavalue.value, parameters.formatting)
		-- other data types
		elseif snak.datatype == 'wikibase-item' or snak.datatype == 'wikibase-property' then
			return printDatatypeEntity(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == 'monolingualtext' then
			return printDatatypeMonolingual(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == &quot;globe-coordinate&quot; then
			return printDatatypeCoordinate(snak.datavalue.value, parameters.formatting)
		elseif snak.datatype == &quot;quantity&quot; then
			return printDatatypeQuantity(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == &quot;time&quot; then
			return printDatatypeTime(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		end
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' then
		if parameters.formatting == 'raw' or parameters.shownovalue == false then return end
		return mw.message.new('Wikibase-snakview-snaktypeselector-novalue'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' then
		if parameters.formatting == 'raw' then return end
		return mw.message.new('Wikibase-snakview-snaktypeselector-somevalue'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
	end
	return mw.wikibase.renderSnak(snak)
end

local function printError(key)
	return '&lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;' .. i18n.errors[key] .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
end

local function getQualifierSnak(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	-- a &quot;snak&quot; is Wikidata terminology for a typed key/value pair
	-- a claim consists of a main snak holding the main information of this claim,
	-- as well as a list of attribute snaks and a list of references snaks
	if qualifierId then
		-- search the attribute snak with the given qualifier as key
		if claim.qualifiers then
			local qualifier = claim.qualifiers[qualifierId]
			if qualifier then
				if qualifier[1].datatype == &quot;monolingualtext&quot; then
					-- iterate over monolingualtext qualifiers to get local language
					for idx in pairs(qualifier) do
						if getSnak(qualifier[idx], {&quot;datavalue&quot;, &quot;value&quot;, &quot;language&quot;}) == parameters.lang[1] then
							return qualifier[idx]
						end
					end
				elseif parameters.list then
					return qualifier
				else
					return qualifier[1]
				end
			end
		end
		return nil, printError(&quot;qualifier-not-found&quot;)
	else
		-- otherwise return the main snak
		return claim.mainsnak
	end
end

local function getValueOfClaim(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	local snak, error = getQualifierSnak(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	if not snak then
		return nil, nil, error
	elseif snak[1] then -- a multi qualifier
		local result, sortkey = {}, {}
		local maxvals = tonumber(parameters.list)
		for idx in pairs(snak) do
			result[#result + 1], sortkey[#sortkey + 1] = getSnakValue(snak[idx], parameters)
			if maxvals and maxvals == #result then break end
		end
		return mw.text.listToText(result, parameters.qseparator, parameters.qconjunction), sortkey[1]
	else -- a property or a qualifier
		return getSnakValue(snak, parameters)
	end
end

local function getValueOfParentClaim(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	local qids = mw.text.split(qualifierId, '/', true)
	local value, sortkey, valueraw = {}, {}, {}
	local parent_raw, value_text
	if qids[1] == parameters.property then
		parent_raw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, {[&quot;formatting&quot;]=&quot;raw&quot;, [&quot;lang&quot;]=parameters.lang})
	else
		parent_raw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, qids[1], {[&quot;formatting&quot;]=&quot;raw&quot;, [&quot;lang&quot;]=parameters.lang, [&quot;list&quot;]=true, [&quot;qseparator&quot;]='/', [&quot;qconjunction&quot;]='/'})
	end
	if string.sub(parent_raw or '', 1, 1) == &quot;Q&quot; then -- protection for 'no value'
		local parent_qids = mw.text.split(parent_raw, '/', true)
		for idx, p_qid in ipairs(parent_qids) do
			local parent_claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(p_qid, qids[2])
			if parent_claims[1] then
				value[idx], sortkey[idx], _ = getValueOfClaim(parent_claims[1], nil, parameters)
				-- raw parent value needed for while/black lists, lang for avoiding an error on types other than entity
				valueraw[idx], _, _ = getValueOfClaim(parent_claims[1], nil, {[&quot;formatting&quot;]=&quot;raw&quot;, [&quot;lang&quot;]=parameters.lang})
			end
		end
	end
	if value[1] then
		value_text = mw.text.listToText(value, parameters.qseparator, parameters.qconjunction)
	end
	return value_text, sortkey[1], valueraw[1]
end

-- see d:Help:Sources
local function getReferences(claim, parameters)
	if not isSet(parameters.references) then return '' end
	local lang = parameters.lang
	local maxrefs = tonumber(parameters.references) or 1
	local notproperref = {
		[&quot;P143&quot;] = true, -- imported from
		[&quot;P3452&quot;] = true, -- inferred from
		[&quot;P887&quot;] = true, -- based on heuristic
		[&quot;P4656&quot;] = true -- Wikimedia import URL
	}
	local result = {}
	-- traverse through all references
	for ref in pairs(claim.references or {}) do
		local refparts
		local refs = {}
		local validref = true
		local ref_id
		-- traverse through all parts of the current reference
		for snakkey, snakval in pairs(claim.references[ref].snaks or {}) do
			for partkey, _ in pairs(claim.references[ref].snaks[snakkey] or {}) do
				if notproperref[snakkey] then -- not a proper reference
					validref = false
					break
				end
			end
			if validref then
				for snakidx = 1, #snakval do
					if snakidx &gt; 1 then refparts = refparts .. &quot;, &quot; end
					if snakval[snakidx].datatype == 'external-id' then
						refparts = refparts or '' .. (getSnakValue(snakval[snakidx], {formatting='externalid',property=snakval[snakidx].property}) or '')
					else
						refparts = refparts or '' .. (getSnakValue(snakval[snakidx], {lang=lang}) or '')
					end
				end
				refs[snakkey] = refparts
				refparts = nil
				if snakkey == &quot;P248&quot; then -- stated in
					ref_id = getSnak(snakval, {1, &quot;datavalue&quot;, &quot;value&quot;, &quot;id&quot;})
				end
			end
		end
		
		-- fill missing values with parent item
		if ref_id then
			local function refParent(qid, pid, formatting)
				local snak = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, pid), {1, &quot;mainsnak&quot;})
				return snak and getSnakValue(snak, {formatting=formatting, lang=lang})
			end
			
			refs['P50'] = refs['P50'] or refParent(ref_id, 'P50', 'label') -- author
			refs['P407'] = refs['P407'] or refParent(ref_id, 'P407', 'label') -- language of work
			refs['P123'] = refs['P123'] or refParent(ref_id, 'P123', 'label') -- publisher
			refs['P577'] = refs['P577'] or refParent(ref_id, 'P577') -- date
			refs['P1433'] = refs['P1433'] or refParent(ref_id, 'P1433', 'label') -- published in
			refs['P304'] = refs['P304'] or refParent(ref_id, 'P304') -- page(s)
			refs['P433'] = refs['P433'] or refParent(ref_id, 'P433') -- issue
			refs['P236'] = refs['P236'] or refParent(ref_id, 'P236') -- ISSN
			refs['P356'] = refs['P356'] or refParent(ref_id, 'P356') -- DOI
		end
		
		-- get title of local templates for citing references
		local template_web = mw.wikibase.getSitelink('Q5637226') or &quot;&quot;
		template_web = mw.text.split(template_web, &quot;:&quot;)[2] -- split off namespace from front
		local template_journal = mw.wikibase.getSitelink('Q5624899') or &quot;&quot;
		template_journal = mw.text.split(template_journal, &quot;:&quot;)[2]
		
		local citeParams = {}
		if refs['P854'] and (refs['P1476'] or refs['P248']) and template_web then
			-- if both &quot;reference URL&quot; and &quot;title&quot; (or &quot;stated in&quot;) are present, then use cite web template
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['url']] = refs['P854']
			if refs['P248'] and refs['P1476'] == nil then
				citeParams[i18n['cite']['title']] = refs['P248']:match(&quot;^%[%[.-|(.-)%]%]&quot;)
			else
				citeParams[i18n['cite']['title']] = refs['P1476']
				citeParams[i18n['cite']['website']] = refs['P248']
			end
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['author']] = refs['P50']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['language']] = refs['P407']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['publisher']] = refs['P123']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['date']] = refs['P577']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['pages']] = refs['P304']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['access-date']] = refs['P813']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['archive-url']] = refs['P1065']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['archive-date']] = refs['P2960']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['quote']] = refs['P1683']
			refparts = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=template_web, args=citeParams}
		elseif refs['P1433'] and (refs['P1476'] or refs['P248']) and template_journal then
			-- if both &quot;published in&quot; and &quot;title&quot; (or &quot;stated in&quot;) are present, then use cite journal template
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['work']] = refs['P1433']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['title']] = refs['P1476'] or refs['P248']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['author']] = refs['P50']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['date']] = refs['P577']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['issue']] = refs['P433']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['pages']] = refs['P304']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['language']] = refs['P407']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['issn']] = refs['P236']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['doi']] = refs['P356']
			refparts = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=template_journal, args=citeParams}
		elseif validref then
			-- raw ouput
			local snaksorder = claim.references[ref][&quot;snaks-order&quot;]
			local function indexed(a)
				for _, b in ipairs(snaksorder) do
					if b == a then return true end
				end
				return false
			end
			for k, _ in pairs(refs or {}) do
				if not indexed(k) then
					table.insert(snaksorder, k)
				end
			end
			local italics = &quot;''&quot;
			for _, k in ipairs(snaksorder) do
				if refs[k] then
					refparts = refparts and refparts .. &quot; &quot; or &quot;&quot;
					refparts = refparts .. mw.ustring.gsub(getLabelByLangs(k, lang), &quot;^%l&quot;, mw.ustring.upper) .. &quot;: &quot;
					refparts = refparts .. italics .. refs[k] .. italics .. &quot;.&quot;
					italics = &quot;&quot;
				end
			end
		end
		
		if refparts then
			local ref_name = claim.references[ref].hash
			result[#result + 1] = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag(&quot;ref&quot;, refparts, {name=ref_name})
			if maxrefs and maxrefs == #result then break end
		end
	end
	if type(result) == 'table' and #result &gt; 0 and isSet(i18n.categoryref) then
		return table.concat(result) .. &quot;[[&quot; ..i18n.categoryref .. &quot;]]&quot;
	end
	return table.concat(result)
end

-- Set whitelist or blacklist values
local function setWhiteOrBlackList(num_qual, args)
	local lists = {['whitelist']={}, ['blacklist']={}, ['ignorevalue']={}, ['selectvalue']={}}
	for i = 0, num_qual do
		for k, _ in pairs(lists) do
			if isSet(args[k .. i]) then
				lists[k][tostring(i)] = {}
				local pattern = 'Q%d+'
				if string.sub(args[k .. i], 1, 1) ~= 'Q' then
					pattern = '[^%p%s]+'
				end
				for q in string.gmatch(args[k .. i], pattern) do
					lists[k][tostring(i)][q] = true
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return lists['whitelist'], lists['blacklist'], lists['ignorevalue'], lists['selectvalue']
end

local function tableParameters(args, parameters, column)
	local column_params = mw.clone(parameters)
	column_params.formatting = args[&quot;colformat&quot;..column]; if column_params.formatting == &quot;&quot; then column_params.formatting = nil end
	column_params.convert = args[&quot;convert&quot; .. column]
	if args[&quot;case&quot; .. column] then
		column_params.case = args[&quot;case&quot; .. column]
	end
	return column_params
end

local function getEntityId(args, pargs, unnamed)
	pargs = pargs or {}
	local id = args.item or args.from or (unnamed and mw.text.trim(args[1] or '') or nil)
	if not isSet(id) then
		id = pargs.item or pargs.from or (unnamed and mw.text.trim(pargs[1] or '') or nil)
	end
	if isSet(id) then
		if string.find(id, &quot;:&quot;) then -- remove prefix as Property:Pid
			id = mw.text.split(id, &quot;:&quot;)[2]
		end
	else
		id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
	end
	return id
end

local function getArg(value, default, aliases)
	if type(value) == 'boolean' then return value
	elseif value == &quot;false&quot; or value == &quot;no&quot; then return false
	elseif value == &quot;true&quot; or value == &quot;yes&quot; then return true
	elseif value and aliases and aliases[value] then return aliases[value]
	elseif isSet(value) then return value
	elseif default then return default
	else return nil
	end
end

-- Main function claim ---------------------------------------------
-- on debug console use: =p.claim{item=&quot;Q...&quot;, property=&quot;P...&quot;, ...}
function p.claim(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local is_sandbox = isSet(pargs.sandbox)
	if not required and is_sandbox then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. &quot;/&quot; .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).claim(frame)
	end
	--If a value is already set, use it
	if isSet(args.value) then
		if args.value == 'NONE' then
			return
		else
			return args.value
		end
	end
	
	-- arguments
	local parameters = {}
	parameters.id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if parameters.id == nil then return end
	parameters.property = string.upper(args.property or &quot;&quot;)
	local qualifierId = {}
	qualifierId[1] = getArg(string.upper(args.qualifier or &quot;&quot;))
	local i = 2
	while isSet(args[&quot;qualifier&quot; .. i]) do
		qualifierId[i] = string.upper(args[&quot;qualifier&quot; .. i])
		i = i + 1
	end
	parameters.formatting = getArg(args.formatting)
	parameters.convert = getArg(args.convert)
	parameters.case = args.case
	parameters.list = getArg(args.list, true, {firstrank='bestrank'})
	parameters.shownovalue = getArg(args.shownovalue, true)
	parameters.separator = getArg(args.separator)
	parameters.conjunction = getArg(args.conjunction, parameters.separator)
	parameters.qseparator = parameters.separator
	parameters.qconjunction = parameters.conjunction
	local sorting_col = args.tablesort
	local sorting_up = (args.sorting or &quot;&quot;) ~= &quot;-1&quot;
	local rowformat = args.rowformat
	parameters.references = args.references
	local showerrors = args.showerrors
	local default = args.default
	if default then showerrors = nil end
	parameters.lang = findLang(args.lang)
	if parameters.formatting == &quot;raw&quot; then
		parameters.editicon, parameters.labelicon = false, false
	else
		parameters.editicon, parameters.labelicon = setIcons(args.editicon, pargs.editicon) -- needs loadI18n by findLand
	end
	
	-- fetch property
	local claims = {}
	local bestrank = (parameters.list == false or parameters.list == 'bestrank') and parameters.list ~= 'lang'
	for p in string.gmatch(parameters.property, 'P%d+') do
		claims = getStatements(parameters.id, p, bestrank)
		if #claims &gt; 0 then
			parameters.property = p
			break
		end
	end
	if #claims == 0 then
		if showerrors then return printError(&quot;property-not-found&quot;) else return default end
	end
	
	-- defaults for table
	local preformat, postformat = &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;
	local whitelisted = false
	local whitelist, blacklist, ignorevalue, selectvalue = {}, {}, {}, {}
	if parameters.formatting == &quot;table&quot; then
		parameters.separator = parameters.separator or &quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;
		parameters.conjunction = parameters.conjunction or &quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;
		parameters.qseparator = &quot;, &quot;
		parameters.qconjunction = &quot;, &quot;
		if not rowformat then
			rowformat = &quot;$0 ($1&quot;
			i = 2
			while qualifierId[i] do
				rowformat = rowformat .. &quot;, $&quot; .. i
				i = i + 1
			end
			rowformat = rowformat .. &quot;)&quot;
		elseif mw.ustring.find(rowformat, &quot;^[*#]&quot;) then
			parameters.separator = &quot;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&quot;
			parameters.conjunction = &quot;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&quot;
			if mw.ustring.match(rowformat, &quot;^[*#]&quot;) == &quot;*&quot; then
				preformat = &quot;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&quot;
				postformat = &quot;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&quot;
			else
				preformat = &quot;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&quot;
				postformat = &quot;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&quot;
			end
			rowformat = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformat, &quot;^[*#] ?&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		end
		
		-- set whitelist and blacklist values
		whitelist, blacklist, ignorevalue, selectvalue = setWhiteOrBlackList(#qualifierId, args)
		local next = next
		if next(whitelist) ~= nil then whitelisted = true end
	end
	
	-- set feminine case if gender is requested
	local itemgender = args.itemgender
	local idgender
	if itemgender then
		if string.match(itemgender, &quot;^P%d+$&quot;) then
			local snak_id = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(parameters.id, itemgender), {1, &quot;mainsnak&quot;, &quot;datavalue&quot;, &quot;value&quot;, &quot;id&quot;})
			if snak_id then
				idgender = snak_id
			end
		elseif string.match(itemgender, &quot;^Q%d+$&quot;) then
			idgender = itemgender
		end
	end
	local gender_requested = false
	if parameters.case == &quot;gender&quot; or idgender then
		gender_requested = true
	elseif parameters.formatting == &quot;table&quot; then
		for i=0, #qualifierId do
			if args[&quot;case&quot; .. i] and args[&quot;case&quot; .. i] == &quot;gender&quot; then
				gender_requested = true
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if gender_requested then
		if feminineGender(idgender or parameters.id) then
			parameters.gender = &quot;feminineform&quot;
		end
	end
	
	-- get initial sort indices
	local sortindices = {}
	for idx in pairs(claims) do
		sortindices[#sortindices + 1] = idx
	end
	-- sort by claim rank
	local comparator = function(a, b)
		local rankmap = { deprecated = 2, normal = 1, preferred = 0 }
		local ranka = rankmap[claims[a].rank or &quot;normal&quot;] .. string.format(&quot;%08d&quot;, a)
		local rankb = rankmap[claims[b].rank or &quot;normal&quot;] .. string.format(&quot;%08d&quot;, b)
		return ranka &lt; rankb
	end
	table.sort(sortindices, comparator)
	
	local result, result2, result_query
	local error
	if parameters.list or parameters.formatting == &quot;table&quot; then
		-- convert LF to line feed, &lt;br /&gt; may not work on some cases
		parameters.separator = parameters.separator == &quot;LF&quot; and &quot;\010&quot; or parameters.separator
		parameters.conjunction = parameters.conjunction == &quot;LF&quot; and &quot;\010&quot; or parameters.conjunction
		-- i18n separators
		parameters.separator = parameters.separator or mw.message.new('Comma-separator'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
		parameters.conjunction = parameters.conjunction or (mw.message.new('And'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain() .. mw.message.new('Word-separator'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain())
		-- iterate over all elements and return their value (if existing)
		local value, valueq
		local sortkey, sortkeyq
		local values = {}
		local sortkeys = {}
		local refs = {}
		local rowlist = {} -- rows to list with whitelist or blacklist
		for idx in pairs(claims) do
			local claim = claims[sortindices[idx]]
			local reference = {}
			if not whitelisted then rowlist[idx] = true end
			if parameters.formatting == &quot;table&quot; then
				local params = tableParameters(args, parameters, &quot;0&quot;)
				value, sortkey, error = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, params)
				if value then
					values[#values + 1] = {}
					sortkeys[#sortkeys + 1] = {}
					refs[#refs + 1] = {}
					if whitelist[&quot;0&quot;] or blacklist[&quot;0&quot;] then
						local valueraw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, {[&quot;formatting&quot;]=&quot;raw&quot;, [&quot;lang&quot;]=params.lang})
						if whitelist[&quot;0&quot;] and whitelist[&quot;0&quot;][valueraw or &quot;&quot;] then
							rowlist[#values] = true
						elseif blacklist[&quot;0&quot;] and blacklist[&quot;0&quot;][valueraw or &quot;&quot;] then
							rowlist[#values] = false
						end
					end
					for i, qual in ipairs(qualifierId) do
						local j = tostring(i)
						params = tableParameters(args, parameters, j)
						local valueq, sortkeyq, valueraw
						if qual == parameters.property then -- hack for getting the property with another formatting, i.e. colformat1=raw
							valueq, sortkeyq, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, params)
						else
							for q in mw.text.gsplit(qual, '%s*OR%s*') do
								if string.find(q, &quot;.+/.+&quot;) then
									valueq, sortkeyq, valueraw = getValueOfParentClaim(claim, q, params)
								elseif string.find(q, &quot;^/.+&quot;) then
									local claim2 = getStatements(parameters.id, string.sub(q, 2), bestrank)
									if #claim2 &gt; 0 then
										valueq, sortkeyq, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim2[1], nil, params)
									end
								else
									valueq, sortkeyq, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, q, params)
								end
								if valueq then
									qual = q
									break
								end
							end
						end
						values[#values][&quot;col&quot; .. j] = valueq
						sortkeys[#sortkeys][&quot;col&quot; .. j] = sortkeyq or valueq
						if whitelist[j] or blacklist[j] or ignorevalue[j] or selectvalue[j] then
							valueq = valueraw or getValueOfClaim(claim, qual, {[&quot;formatting&quot;]=&quot;raw&quot;, [&quot;lang&quot;]=params.lang})
							if whitelist[j] and whitelist[j][valueq or &quot;&quot;] then
								rowlist[#values] = true
							elseif blacklist[j] and blacklist[j][valueq or &quot;&quot;] then
								rowlist[#values] = false
							elseif ignorevalue[j] and ignorevalue[j][valueq or &quot;&quot;] then
								values[#values][&quot;col&quot; .. j] = nil
							elseif selectvalue[j] and not selectvalue[j][valueq or &quot;&quot;] then
								values[#values][&quot;col&quot; .. j] = nil
							end
						end
					end
				end
			else
				value, sortkey, error = getValueOfClaim(claim, qualifierId[1], parameters)
				values[#values + 1] = {}
				sortkeys[#sortkeys + 1] = {}
				refs[#refs + 1] = {}
			end
			if not value and showerrors then value = error end
			if value then
				if isSet(parameters.references) and claim.references then reference = claim.references end
				refs[#refs][&quot;col0&quot;] = reference
				values[#values][&quot;col0&quot;] = value
				sortkeys[#sortkeys][&quot;col0&quot;] = sortkey or value
			end
		end
		-- sort and format results
		sortindices = {}
		for idx in pairs(values) do
			sortindices[#sortindices + 1] = idx
		end
		if sorting_col then
			local sorting_table = mw.text.split(sorting_col, '%D+')
			local comparator = function(a, b)
				local valuea, valueb
				local i = 1
				while valuea == valueb and i &lt;= #sorting_table do
					valuea = sortkeys[a][&quot;col&quot; .. sorting_table[i]] or ''
					valueb = sortkeys[b][&quot;col&quot; .. sorting_table[i]] or ''
					i = i + 1
				end
				
				if sorting_up then
					return valueb &gt; valuea
				end
				return valueb &lt; valuea
			end
			table.sort(sortindices, comparator)
		end
		local maxvals = tonumber(parameters.list)
		result = {}
		for idx in pairs(values) do
			local valuerow = values[sortindices[idx]]
			local reference = getReferences({[&quot;references&quot;] = refs[sortindices[idx]][&quot;col0&quot;]}, parameters)
			
			value = valuerow[&quot;col0&quot;]
			if parameters.formatting == &quot;table&quot; then
				if not rowlist[sortindices[idx]] then
					value = nil
				else
					local rowformatting = rowformat .. &quot;$&quot; -- fake end character added for easy gsub
					value = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformatting, &quot;$0&quot;, {[&quot;$0&quot;] = value})
					value = mw.ustring.gsub(value, &quot;$R0&quot;, reference) -- add reference
					for i, _ in ipairs(qualifierId) do
						local valueq = valuerow[&quot;col&quot; .. i]
						if args[&quot;rowsubformat&quot; .. i] and isSet(valueq) then
							-- add fake end character $
							-- gsub $i not followed by a number so $1 doesn't match $10, $11...
							-- remove fake end character
							valueq = captureEscapes(valueq)
							valueq = mw.ustring.gsub(args[&quot;rowsubformat&quot; .. i] .. &quot;$&quot;, &quot;$&quot; .. i .. &quot;(%D)&quot;, valueq .. &quot;%1&quot;)
							valueq = string.sub(valueq, 1, -2)
							rowformatting = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformatting, &quot;$&quot; .. i .. &quot;(%D)&quot;, args[&quot;rowsubformat&quot; .. i] .. &quot;%1&quot;)
						end
						valueq = valueq and captureEscapes(valueq) or ''
						value = mw.ustring.gsub(value, &quot;$&quot; .. i .. &quot;(%D)&quot;, valueq .. &quot;%1&quot;)
					end
					value = string.sub(value, 1, -2) -- remove fake end character
					value = expandBraces(value, rowformatting)
				end
			elseif value then
				value = expandBraces(value, parameters.formatting)
				value = value .. reference
			end
			if isSet(value) then
				result[#result + 1] = value
				if not parameters.list or (maxvals and maxvals == #result) then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		
		if args.query == 'num' then
			result_query = 0
			for _, v in pairs(rowlist) do
				result_query = result_query + (v and 1 or 0)
			end
		end
		if #result &gt; 0 then
			if parameters.formatting == 'table' then
				result = addEditIconTable(result, parameters) -- in a table, add edit icon on last element
			end
			result = preformat .. mw.text.listToText(result, parameters.separator, parameters.conjunction) .. postformat
		else
			result = ''
		end
	else
		-- return first element
		local claim = claims[sortindices[1]]
		result, result2, error = getValueOfClaim(claim, qualifierId[1], parameters)
		if result and isSet(parameters.references) then result = result .. getReferences(claim, parameters) end
		if args.query == 'num' then result_query = 1 end
	end
	
	if isSet(result) then
		if not (parameters.formatting == 'table' or (result2 and result2 == 'no-icon')) then
			-- add edit icon, except table added previously and except explicit no-icon internal flag
			result = result .. addEditIcon(parameters)
		end
	else
		if showerrors then result = error else result = default end
	end
	if args.query == 'untranslated' and required and not is_sandbox then
		result_query = untranslated
	end
	return result, result_query or ''
end

-- Local functions for getParentValues -----------------------

local function uc_first(word)
	if word == nil then return end
	return mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, 1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(word, 2)
end

local function getPropertyValue(id, property, parameter, langs, labelicon, case)
	local snaks = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, property)
	local mysnak = getSnak(snaks, {1, &quot;mainsnak&quot;})
	if mysnak == nil then
		return
	end
	
	local entity_id
	local result = '-' -- default for 'no value'
	if mysnak.datavalue then
		entity_id = &quot;Q&quot; .. tostring(mysnak.datavalue.value['numeric-id'])
		result, _ = getSnakValue(mysnak, {formatting=parameter, lang=langs, labelicon=labelicon, case=case})
	end
	
	return entity_id, result
end

local function getParentObjects(id,
	prop_format,
	label_format,
	languages, 
	propertySupString, 
	propertyLabel,
	propertyLink,
	label_show,
	labelicon0,
	labelicon1,
	upto_number,
	upto_label,
	upto_value,
	last_only,
	grammatical_case,
	include_self)
	
	local propertySups = mw.text.split(propertySupString, '[^P%d]')
	
	local maxloop = 10
	if upto_number then
		maxloop = tonumber(upto_number)
	elseif next(upto_label) or next(upto_value) then
		maxloop = 50
	end
	
	local labels_filter = next(label_show)
	
	local result = {}
	local id_value = id
	for iter = 1, maxloop do
		local link, label, labelwicon, linktext, id_label
		for _, propertySup in pairs(propertySups) do 	
			local _id_value, _link = getPropertyValue(id_value, propertySup, prop_format, languages, labelicon1, grammatical_case)
			if _id_value and _link then id_value = _id_value; link = _link break end
		end
		
		if not id_value or not link then break end
		
		if propertyLink then
			_, linktext = getPropertyValue(id_value, propertyLink, &quot;label&quot;, languages)
			if linktext then
				link = mw.ustring.gsub(link, &quot;%[%[(.*)%|.+%]%]&quot;, &quot;[[%1|&quot; .. linktext .. &quot;]]&quot;)
			end
		end
		
		id_label, label = getPropertyValue(id_value, propertyLabel, label_format, languages, false, &quot;infoboxlabel&quot;)
		if labelicon0 then
			_, labelwicon = getPropertyValue(id_value, propertyLabel, label_format, languages, labelicon0, &quot;infoboxlabel&quot;)
		else
			labelwicon = label
		end
		
		if labels_filter == nil or (label_show[id_label] or label_show[label]) then
			result[#result + 1] = {labelwicon, link}
			label_show[id_label or 'none'], label_show[label or 'none'] = nil, nil -- only first label found
		end
		
		if upto_label[id_label] or upto_label[label] or upto_value[id_value] then
			break
		end
	end
	
	if last_only then
		result = {result[#result]}
	end
	
	if include_self then
		local label_self, link_self
		_, label_self = getPropertyValue(id, propertyLabel, label_format, languages, labelicon0, &quot;infoboxlabel&quot;)
		link_self, _ = getLabelByLangs(id, languages)
		table.insert(result, 1, {label_self, link_self})
	end
	
	return result
end

local function parentObjectsToString(result,
	rowformat,
	cascade,
	sorting)
	
	local ret = {}
	local first = 1
	local last = #result
	local iter = 1
	if sorting == &quot;-1&quot; then first = #result; last = 1; iter = -1 end
	for i = first, last, iter do
		local rowtext = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformat, &quot;$[01]&quot;, {[&quot;$0&quot;] = result[i][1], [&quot;$1&quot;] = result[i][2]})
		ret[#ret + 1] = expandBraces(rowtext, rowformat)
	end
	
	if cascade then
		local direction = mw.language.new(wiki.langcode):isRTL() and &quot;right&quot; or &quot;left&quot;
		local suffix = &quot;&quot;
		for i = 1, #ret do
			ret[i] = '&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height:100%; margin-' .. direction .. ':0.45em; padding-' .. direction .. ':0;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;' .. ret[i]
			suffix = suffix .. '&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;'
		end
		ret[#ret] = ret[#ret] .. suffix
	end
	
	return ret
end

-- Returns pairs of parent label and property value fetching a recursive tree
function p.getParentValues(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	if not required and isSet(pargs.sandbox) then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. &quot;/&quot; .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).getParentValues(frame)
	end
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if id == nil then return end
	local languages = findLang(args.lang)
	local propertySup = getArg(args.property, &quot;P131&quot;) --administrative entity
	local propertyLabel = getArg(args.label, &quot;P31&quot;) --instance
	local propertyLink = getArg(args.valuetext)
	local property_format = getArg(args.formatting)
	local label_format = getArg(args.labelformat, &quot;label&quot;)
	local upto_number = getArg(args.upto)
	local last_only = getArg(args.last_only, false)
	local editicon, labelicon = setIcons(args.editicon, pargs.editicon)
	local include_self = getArg(args.include_self, false)
	local case = getArg(args.case)
	
	local upto_label = {}
	for q in string.gmatch(args.uptolabelid or '', 'Q%d+') do
		upto_label[q] = true
	end
	if type(upto_number) == 'string' then
		upto_label[uc_first(upto_number)] = true
		upto_number = nil
		require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('upto') -- replace upto by uptolabelid
	end
	
	local upto_value = {}
	for q in string.gmatch(args.uptovalueid or args.uptolinkid or '', 'Q%d+') do
		upto_value[q] = true
	end
	
	local label_show = {}
	for q in string.gmatch(args.showlabelid or '', 'Q%d+') do
		label_show[q] = true
	end
	for _, v in ipairs(mw.text.split(args.labelshow or '', &quot;/&quot;)) do
		if v ~= '' then
			label_show[uc_first(v)] = true
			require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('labelshow') -- replace labelshow by showlabelid
		end
	end
	
	local rowformat = args.rowformat; if not isSet(rowformat) then rowformat = &quot;$0 = $1&quot; end
	local labelicon0, labelicon1 = labelicon, labelicon
	if string.find(label_format, '{{.*$0.*}}') or (string.find(rowformat, '{{.*$0.*}}') and label_format ~= 'raw') then
		labelicon0 = false
	end
	
	local result = getParentObjects(id,
		property_format,
		label_format,
		languages, 
		propertySup, 
		propertyLabel,
		propertyLink,
		label_show,
		labelicon0,
		labelicon1,
		upto_number,
		upto_label,
		upto_value,
		last_only,
		case,
		include_self)
	if #result == 0 then return end
	
	local separator = args.separator; if not isSet(separator) then separator = &quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot; end
	local sorting = args.sorting; if sorting == &quot;&quot; then sorting = nil end
	local cascade = (args.cascade == &quot;true&quot; or args.cascade == &quot;yes&quot;)
	
	local ret = parentObjectsToString(result,
		rowformat,
		cascade,
		sorting)
	ret = addEditIconTable(ret, {property=propertySup, editicon=editicon, id=id, lang=languages})
	return mw.text.listToText(ret, separator, separator)
end

-- Link with a parent label --------------------
function p.linkWithParentLabel(frame)
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	if not required and isSet(pargs.sandbox) then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. &quot;/&quot; .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).linkWithParentLabel(frame)
	end
	local args = {}
	if frame.args then
		for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do -- metatable
			args[k] = v
		end
	else
		args = frame -- via require
	end
	if isSet(args.value) then
		return args.value
	end
	
	-- get id value of property/qualifier
	local largs = mw.clone(args)
	largs.list = tonumber(args.list) and args.list or true
	largs.formatting = &quot;raw&quot;
	largs.separator = &quot;/·/&quot;
	largs.editicon = false
	local items_list, _ = p.claim(largs)
	if not isSet(items_list) then return end
	local items_table = mw.text.split(items_list, &quot;/·/&quot;, true)
	
	-- get internal link of property/qualifier
	largs.formatting = &quot;internallink&quot;
	local link_list, _ = p.claim(largs)
	local link_table = mw.text.split(link_list, &quot;/·/&quot;, true)
	
	-- get label of parent property
	local parent_claim = getSnak(getStatements(items_table[1], args.parent, true), {1, &quot;mainsnak&quot;, &quot;datatype&quot;})
	if parent_claim == 'monolingualtext' then
		largs.formatting = nil
		largs.list = 'lang'
	else
		largs.formatting = &quot;label&quot;
		largs.list = false
	end
	largs.property = args.parent
	largs.qualifier = nil
	for i, v in ipairs(items_table) do
		largs.item = v
		local link_label, _ = p.claim(largs)
		if isSet(link_label) then
			link_table[i] = mw.ustring.gsub(link_table[i] or '', &quot;%[%[(.*)%|.+%]%]&quot;, &quot;[[%1|&quot; .. link_label .. &quot;]]&quot;)
		end
	end
	args.editicon, _ = setIcons(args.editicon, pargs.editicon)
	args.id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	args.lang = findLang(args.lang)
	return mw.text.listToText(link_table) .. addEditIcon(args)
end

-- Calculate number of years old ----------------------------
function p.yearsOld(frame)
	if not required and frame.args and isSet(frame:getParent().args.sandbox) then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. &quot;/&quot; .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).yearsOld(frame)
	end
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if id == nil then return end
	local lang = mw.language.new('en')
	
	local function getBestValue(id, prop)
		return getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, prop), {1, &quot;mainsnak&quot;, &quot;datavalue&quot;, &quot;value&quot;})
	end
	
	local birth = getBestValue(id, 'P569')
	if type(birth) ~= 'table' or birth.time == nil or birth.precision == nil or birth.precision &lt; 8 then
		return
	end
	local death = getBestValue(id, 'P570')
	if type(death) ~= 'table' or death.time == nil or death.precision == nil then
		death = {['time'] = lang:formatDate('c'), ['precision'] = 11} -- current date
	elseif death.precision &lt; 8 then
		return
	end
	
	local dates = {}
	dates[1] = {['min'] = {}, ['max'] = {}, ['precision'] = birth.precision}
	dates[1].min.year = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(birth.time, &quot;^[+-]?%d+&quot;))
	dates[1].min.month = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(birth.time, &quot;\-(%d%d)\-&quot;))
	dates[1].min.day = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(birth.time, &quot;\-(%d%d)T&quot;))
	dates[1].max = mw.clone(dates[1].min)
	dates[2] = {['min'] = {}, ['max'] = {}, ['precision'] = death.precision}
	dates[2].min.year = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(death.time, &quot;^[+-]?%d+&quot;))
	dates[2].min.month = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(death.time, &quot;\-(%d%d)\-&quot;))
	dates[2].min.day = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(death.time, &quot;\-(%d%d)T&quot;))
	dates[2].max = mw.clone(dates[2].min)
	
	for i, d in ipairs(dates) do
		if d.precision == 10 then -- month
			d.min.day = 1
			local timestamp = string.format(&quot;%04d&quot;, tostring(math.abs(d.max.year)))
				.. string.format(&quot;%02d&quot;, tostring(d.max.month))
				.. &quot;01&quot;
			d.max.day = tonumber(lang:formatDate(&quot;j&quot;, timestamp .. &quot; + 1 month - 1 day&quot;))
		elseif d.precision &lt; 10 then -- year or decade
			d.min.day = 1
			d.min.month = 1
			d.max.day = 31
			d.max.month = 12
			if d.precision == 8 then -- decade
				d.max.year = d.max.year + 9
			end
		end
	end
	
	local function age(d1, d2)
		local years = d2.year - d1.year
		if d2.month &lt; d1.month or (d2.month == d1.month and d2.day &lt; d1.day) then
			years = years - 1
		end
		if d2.year &gt; 0 and d1.year &lt; 0 then
			years = years - 1 -- no year 0
		end
		return years
	end
	
	local old_min = age(dates[1].max, dates[2].min)
	local old_max = age(dates[1].min, dates[2].max)
	local old, old_expr
	if old_min == 0 and old_max == 0 then
		old = &quot;&lt; 1&quot;
		old_max = 1 -- expression in singular
	elseif old_min == old_max then
		old = old_min
	else
		old = old_min .. &quot;/&quot; .. old_max
	end
	if args.formatting == 'unit' then
		local langs = findLang(args.lang)
		local yo
		local yo_pl = {}
		if langs[1] == wiki.langcode then
			yo_pl = i18n[&quot;years-old&quot;]
		end
		if not isSet(yo_pl[2]) then
			local yo_label, _ = getLabelByLangs('Q24564698', langs)
			yo_pl = {yo_label, yo_label}
		end
		yo = mw.language.new(langs[1]):plural(old_max, yo_pl)
		if mw.ustring.find(yo, '$1', 1, true) then
			old_expr = mw.ustring.gsub(yo, &quot;$1&quot;, old)
		else
			old_expr = old .. '&amp;nbsp;' .. yo
		end
	elseif args.formatting then
		old_expr = expandBraces(mw.ustring.gsub(args.formatting, '$1', old), args.formatting)
	else
		old_expr = old
	end
	
	return old_expr
end

-- Gets a label in a given language (content language by default) or its fallbacks, optionnally linked.
function p.getLabel(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	if not required and isSet(pargs.sandbox) then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. &quot;/&quot; .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).getLabel(frame)
	end
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs, 1)
	if id == nil then return end
	local languages = findLang(args.lang)
	local labelicon = false
	if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then
		_, labelicon = setIcons(args.editicon, pargs.editicon)
	end
	
	local label_icon = ''
	local label, lang
	if args.label then
		label = args.label
	else
		-- exceptions or labels fixed
		local exist, labels = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. &quot;/labels&quot; .. (languages[1] == wiki.langcode and '' or '/' .. languages[1]))
		if exist and labels.infoboxLabelsFromId and next(labels.infoboxLabelsFromId) ~= nil then
			label = labels.infoboxLabelsFromId[id]
		end
		
		if label == nil then
			label, lang = getLabelByLangs(id, languages)
			if label then
				if isSet(args.itemgender) and feminineGender(args.itemgender) then
					label = feminineForm(id, lang) or label
				end
				label = mw.language.new(lang):ucfirst(mw.text.nowiki(label)) -- sanitize
				if args.case then
					label = case(args.case, label, lang)
				end
			end
			label_icon = addLabelIcon(id, lang, languages[1], labelicon)
		end
	end
	
	local linked = args.linked
	local ret2 = required and untranslated or ''
	if isSet(linked) and linked ~= &quot;no&quot; then
		local article = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) or (&quot;d:Special:EntityPage/&quot; .. id)
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. article .. &quot;|&quot; .. (label or id) .. &quot;]]&quot; .. label_icon, ret2
	else
		return (label or id) .. label_icon, ret2
	end
end

-- Utilities -----------------------------
-- See also module ../debug.

-- Copied from Module:Wikibase
function p.getSiteLink(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs, 1)
	if id == nil then return end
	return mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id, mw.text.trim(args[2] or ''))
end

-- Helper function for the default language code used
function p.lang(frame)
	local lang = frame and frame.args[1] -- nil via require
	return findLang(lang)[1]
end

-- Number of statements
function p.numStatements(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if id == nil then return 0 end
	local prop = mw.text.trim(args[1] or '')
	local num = {}
	if not isSet(prop) and frame.args then
		args = {}
		for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
			args[k] = v
		end
		for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do
			args[k] = v
		end
		args.query = 'num'
		_, num = p.claim(args)
		return num
	elseif args[2] then -- qualifier
		local qual = mw.text.trim(args[2])
		local values = p.claim{item=id, property=prop, qualifier=qual, formatting='raw', separator='/·/'}
		if values then
			num = mw.text.split(values, '/·/')
		end
	else
		num = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, prop)
	end
	return #num
end

-- Returns true if property datavalue is found excluding novalue/somevalue
function p.validProperty(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local item = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if item == nil then return end
	local property = mw.text.trim(args[1])
	local prop_data = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(item, property), {1, &quot;mainsnak&quot;, &quot;datavalue&quot;})
	return prop_data and true or nil
end

function p.editAtWikidata(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local value = isSet(args[1])
	if value then return end
	local param = {}
	param.id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	param.property = args.property
	param.lang = findLang(args.lang)
	param.editicon, _ = setIcons(args.editicon)
	return addEditIcon(param)
end

function p.formatNum(frame)
	local num = tonumber(mw.text.trim(frame.args[1]))
	local lang = findLang(mw.text.trim(frame.args[2]))
	return mw.language.new(lang[1]):formatNum(num)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>jlqodxhescpwr2ok6kemoexkz5bifsg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Comma separated entries</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4502</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28590</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T17:56:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:Separated entries|comma}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28590</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="189" sha1="t57s6wp0qm3dwvu86y28fxzb2w1xmci" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:Separated entries|comma}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>t57s6wp0qm3dwvu86y28fxzb2w1xmci</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Separated entries</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4503</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28591</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T17:57:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module takes positional parameters as input and concatenates them with -- an optional separator. The final separator (the &quot;conjunction&quot;) can be -- specified independen...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28591</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1165" sha1="llc3d3c78nhgnxk4nekr2o428a8k5qt" xml:space="preserve">-- This module takes positional parameters as input and concatenates them with
-- an optional separator. The final separator (the &quot;conjunction&quot;) can be
-- specified independently, enabling natural-language lists like
-- &quot;foo, bar, baz and qux&quot;.

local compressSparseArray = require('Module:TableTools').compressSparseArray
local p = {}

function p._main(args)
	local separator = args.separator
		-- Decode (convert to Unicode) HTML escape sequences, such as &quot;&amp;#32;&quot; for space.
		and mw.text.decode(args.separator) or ''
	local conjunction = args.conjunction and mw.text.decode(args.conjunction) or separator
	-- Discard named parameters.
	local values = compressSparseArray(args)
	return mw.text.listToText(values, separator, conjunction)
end

local function makeInvokeFunction(separator, conjunction)
	return function (frame)
		local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame)
		args.separator = separator or args.separator
		args.conjunction = conjunction or args.conjunction
		return p._main(args)
	end
end

p.main = makeInvokeFunction()
p.br = makeInvokeFunction('&lt;br /&gt;')
p.comma = makeInvokeFunction(mw.message.new('comma-separator'):plain())

return p</text>
      <sha1>llc3d3c78nhgnxk4nekr2o428a8k5qt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Arguments</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4504</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28594</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:04:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module provides easy processing of arguments passed to Scribunto from -- #invoke. It is intended for use by other Lua modules, and should not be -- called from #invoke...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28594</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="10054" sha1="5qx9tzlul9ser30uxj9nbasjt92cevn" xml:space="preserve">-- This module provides easy processing of arguments passed to Scribunto from
-- #invoke. It is intended for use by other Lua modules, and should not be
-- called from #invoke directly.

local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType

local arguments = {}

-- Generate four different tidyVal functions, so that we don't have to check the
-- options every time we call it.

local function tidyValDefault(key, val)
	if type(val) == 'string' then
		val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
		if val == '' then
			return nil
		else
			return val
		end
	else
		return val
	end
end

local function tidyValTrimOnly(key, val)
	if type(val) == 'string' then
		return val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
	else
		return val
	end
end

local function tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly(key, val)
	if type(val) == 'string' then
		if val:find('%S') then
			return val
		else
			return nil
		end
	else
		return val
	end
end

local function tidyValNoChange(key, val)
	return val
end

local function matchesTitle(given, title)
	local tp = type( given )
	return (tp == 'string' or tp == 'number') and mw.title.new( given ).prefixedText == title
end

local translate_mt = { __index = function(t, k) return k end }

function arguments.getArgs(frame, options)
	checkType('getArgs', 1, frame, 'table', true)
	checkType('getArgs', 2, options, 'table', true)
	frame = frame or {}
	options = options or {}

	--[[
	-- Set up argument translation.
	--]]
	options.translate = options.translate or {}
	if getmetatable(options.translate) == nil then
		setmetatable(options.translate, translate_mt)
	end
	if options.backtranslate == nil then
		options.backtranslate = {}
		for k,v in pairs(options.translate) do
			options.backtranslate[v] = k
		end
	end
	if options.backtranslate and getmetatable(options.backtranslate) == nil then
		setmetatable(options.backtranslate, {
			__index = function(t, k)
				if options.translate[k] ~= k then
					return nil
				else
					return k
				end
			end
		})
	end

	--[[
	-- Get the argument tables. If we were passed a valid frame object, get the
	-- frame arguments (fargs) and the parent frame arguments (pargs), depending
	-- on the options set and on the parent frame's availability. If we weren't
	-- passed a valid frame object, we are being called from another Lua module
	-- or from the debug console, so assume that we were passed a table of args
	-- directly, and assign it to a new variable (luaArgs).
	--]]
	local fargs, pargs, luaArgs
	if type(frame.args) == 'table' and type(frame.getParent) == 'function' then
		if options.wrappers then
			--[[
			-- The wrappers option makes Module:Arguments look up arguments in
			-- either the frame argument table or the parent argument table, but
			-- not both. This means that users can use either the #invoke syntax
			-- or a wrapper template without the loss of performance associated
			-- with looking arguments up in both the frame and the parent frame.
			-- Module:Arguments will look up arguments in the parent frame
			-- if it finds the parent frame's title in options.wrapper;
			-- otherwise it will look up arguments in the frame object passed
			-- to getArgs.
			--]]
			local parent = frame:getParent()
			if not parent then
				fargs = frame.args
			else
				local title = parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')
				local found = false
				if matchesTitle(options.wrappers, title) then
					found = true
				elseif type(options.wrappers) == 'table' then
					for _,v in pairs(options.wrappers) do
						if matchesTitle(v, title) then
							found = true
							break
						end
					end
				end

				-- We test for false specifically here so that nil (the default) acts like true.
				if found or options.frameOnly == false then
					pargs = parent.args
				end
				if not found or options.parentOnly == false then
					fargs = frame.args
				end
			end
		else
			-- options.wrapper isn't set, so check the other options.
			if not options.parentOnly then
				fargs = frame.args
			end
			if not options.frameOnly then
				local parent = frame:getParent()
				pargs = parent and parent.args or nil
			end
		end
		if options.parentFirst then
			fargs, pargs = pargs, fargs
		end
	else
		luaArgs = frame
	end

	-- Set the order of precedence of the argument tables. If the variables are
	-- nil, nothing will be added to the table, which is how we avoid clashes
	-- between the frame/parent args and the Lua args.
	local argTables = {fargs}
	argTables[#argTables + 1] = pargs
	argTables[#argTables + 1] = luaArgs

	--[[
	-- Generate the tidyVal function. If it has been specified by the user, we
	-- use that; if not, we choose one of four functions depending on the
	-- options chosen. This is so that we don't have to call the options table
	-- every time the function is called.
	--]]
	local tidyVal = options.valueFunc
	if tidyVal then
		if type(tidyVal) ~= 'function' then
			error(
				&quot;bad value assigned to option 'valueFunc'&quot;
					.. '(function expected, got '
					.. type(tidyVal)
					.. ')',
				2
			)
		end
	elseif options.trim ~= false then
		if options.removeBlanks ~= false then
			tidyVal = tidyValDefault
		else
			tidyVal = tidyValTrimOnly
		end
	else
		if options.removeBlanks ~= false then
			tidyVal = tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly
		else
			tidyVal = tidyValNoChange
		end
	end

	--[[
	-- Set up the args, metaArgs and nilArgs tables. args will be the one
	-- accessed from functions, and metaArgs will hold the actual arguments. Nil
	-- arguments are memoized in nilArgs, and the metatable connects all of them
	-- together.
	--]]
	local args, metaArgs, nilArgs, metatable = {}, {}, {}, {}
	setmetatable(args, metatable)

	local function mergeArgs(tables)
		--[[
		-- Accepts multiple tables as input and merges their keys and values
		-- into one table. If a value is already present it is not overwritten;
		-- tables listed earlier have precedence. We are also memoizing nil
		-- values, which can be overwritten if they are 's' (soft).
		--]]
		for _, t in ipairs(tables) do
			for key, val in pairs(t) do
				if metaArgs[key] == nil and nilArgs[key] ~= 'h' then
					local tidiedVal = tidyVal(key, val)
					if tidiedVal == nil then
						nilArgs[key] = 's'
					else
						metaArgs[key] = tidiedVal
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end

	--[[
	-- Define metatable behaviour. Arguments are memoized in the metaArgs table,
	-- and are only fetched from the argument tables once. Fetching arguments
	-- from the argument tables is the most resource-intensive step in this
	-- module, so we try and avoid it where possible. For this reason, nil
	-- arguments are also memoized, in the nilArgs table. Also, we keep a record
	-- in the metatable of when pairs and ipairs have been called, so we do not
	-- run pairs and ipairs on the argument tables more than once. We also do
	-- not run ipairs on fargs and pargs if pairs has already been run, as all
	-- the arguments will already have been copied over.
	--]]

	metatable.__index = function (t, key)
		--[[
		-- Fetches an argument when the args table is indexed. First we check
		-- to see if the value is memoized, and if not we try and fetch it from
		-- the argument tables. When we check memoization, we need to check
		-- metaArgs before nilArgs, as both can be non-nil at the same time.
		-- If the argument is not present in metaArgs, we also check whether
		-- pairs has been run yet. If pairs has already been run, we return nil.
		-- This is because all the arguments will have already been copied into
		-- metaArgs by the mergeArgs function, meaning that any other arguments
		-- must be nil.
		--]]
		if type(key) == 'string' then
			key = options.translate[key]
		end
		local val = metaArgs[key]
		if val ~= nil then
			return val
		elseif metatable.donePairs or nilArgs[key] then
			return nil
		end
		for _, argTable in ipairs(argTables) do
			local argTableVal = tidyVal(key, argTable[key])
			if argTableVal ~= nil then
				metaArgs[key] = argTableVal
				return argTableVal
			end
		end
		nilArgs[key] = 'h'
		return nil
	end

	metatable.__newindex = function (t, key, val)
		-- This function is called when a module tries to add a new value to the
		-- args table, or tries to change an existing value.
		if type(key) == 'string' then
			key = options.translate[key]
		end
		if options.readOnly then
			error(
				'could not write to argument table key &quot;'
					.. tostring(key)
					.. '&quot;; the table is read-only',
				2
			)
		elseif options.noOverwrite and args[key] ~= nil then
			error(
				'could not write to argument table key &quot;'
					.. tostring(key)
					.. '&quot;; overwriting existing arguments is not permitted',
				2
			)
		elseif val == nil then
			--[[
			-- If the argument is to be overwritten with nil, we need to erase
			-- the value in metaArgs, so that __index, __pairs and __ipairs do
			-- not use a previous existing value, if present; and we also need
			-- to memoize the nil in nilArgs, so that the value isn't looked
			-- up in the argument tables if it is accessed again.
			--]]
			metaArgs[key] = nil
			nilArgs[key] = 'h'
		else
			metaArgs[key] = val
		end
	end

	local function translatenext(invariant)
		local k, v = next(invariant.t, invariant.k)
		invariant.k = k
		if k == nil then
			return nil
		elseif type(k) ~= 'string' or not options.backtranslate then
			return k, v
		else
			local backtranslate = options.backtranslate[k]
			if backtranslate == nil then
				-- Skip this one. This is a tail call, so this won't cause stack overflow
				return translatenext(invariant)
			else
				return backtranslate, v
			end
		end
	end

	metatable.__pairs = function ()
		-- Called when pairs is run on the args table.
		if not metatable.donePairs then
			mergeArgs(argTables)
			metatable.donePairs = true
		end
		return translatenext, { t = metaArgs }
	end

	local function inext(t, i)
		-- This uses our __index metamethod
		local v = t[i + 1]
		if v ~= nil then
			return i + 1, v
		end
	end

	metatable.__ipairs = function (t)
		-- Called when ipairs is run on the args table.
		return inext, t, 0
	end

	return args
end

return arguments</text>
      <sha1>5qx9tzlul9ser30uxj9nbasjt92cevn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:DiseasesDB2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4506</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28596</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:07:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb{{{1}}}.htm {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] &lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="107" sha1="ng0kaek3k0xzwmx2t4xj1pqlg3o72wt" xml:space="preserve">[http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb{{{1}}}.htm {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]
&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ng0kaek3k0xzwmx2t4xj1pqlg3o72wt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mesh2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4507</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28597</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:08:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[//www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#if: {{{year|}}} | {{{year}}} | {{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;CURRENTYEAR}} }}/MB_cgi?{{&lt;includeonl...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="445" sha1="6mncswnlw6n8wwqnprnczt8kw66yeg9" xml:space="preserve">[//www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#if: {{{year|}}} | {{{year}}} | {{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;CURRENTYEAR}} }}/MB_cgi?{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#if: {{{name|}}} | mode=&amp;term={{{name}}}&amp;field=entry#Tree{{{number|}}} {{{number|{{{name}}}}}} | field=uid&amp;term={{{1}}} {{{1}}} }}]&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6mncswnlw6n8wwqnprnczt8kw66yeg9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:IPAc-en</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4508</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28598</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:09:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#invoke:IPAc-en|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="66" sha1="3mz5fhcboimwewp9tsqc1d0zpa2pu0d" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:IPAc-en|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3mz5fhcboimwewp9tsqc1d0zpa2pu0d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:IPAc-en</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4509</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28599</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:11:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module implements [[Template:IPAc-en]].  local data = mw.loadData('Module:IPAc-en/data') local p = {}  -- Global container for tracking categories local categories = {...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28599</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="4542" sha1="hczdze9lcncu4p5o6rjljijt00syu4j" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements [[Template:IPAc-en]].

local data = mw.loadData('Module:IPAc-en/data')
local p = {}

-- Global container for tracking categories
local categories = {}

-- Trims whitespace from a string
local function trim(s)
	return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
end

-- This implements [[Template:Nowrap]].
local function makeNowrapSpan(s)
	local span = mw.html.create('span')
		:addClass('nowrap')
		:wikitext(s)
	return tostring(span)
end

local function makePronunciationText(id)
	id = id and string.lower(trim(id))
	if id and id ~= '' and data.pronunciation[id] then
		return data.pronunciation[id].text
	end
end

local function getFilepath(file)
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('filepath', file)
end

local function makeAudioLink(file)
	categories[&quot;Articles including recorded pronunciations&quot;] = true
	local span = mw.html.create('span')
	span
		:addClass('noexcerpt')
		:wikitext(string.format(
			'[[File:Speakerlink-new.svg|11px|link=%s|Listen]]',
			getFilepath(file)
		))
		:tag('sup')
			:tag('span')
				:css('color', '#00e')
				:css('font', 'bold 80% sans-serif')
				:css('padding', '0 .1em')
				:addClass('IPA')
				:wikitext(string.format('[[:File:%s|i]]', file))
	return tostring(span)
end

-- This adds a tooltip icon to a label. It implements [[Template:H:title]].
local function makeTooltip(label, tooltip)
	local span = mw.html.create('span')
		:attr('title', tooltip)
		:wikitext(label)
	return tostring(span)
end

local function formatPhonemeGroup(phonemes)
	if #phonemes &gt; 0 then
		local span = mw.html.create('span')
			:css('border-bottom', '1px dotted')
			:wikitext(table.concat(phonemes))
		return tostring(span)
	else
		return ''
	end
end

local function renderCategories()
	local ret = {}
	for cat in pairs(categories) do
		table.insert(ret, string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat))
	end
	table.sort(ret)
	return table.concat(ret)
end

function p._main(args)
	local ret = {}
	local i = 0 -- Keeps track of numbered args

	-- Pronunciation
	do
		local pron = {}
		while true do
			i = i + 1
			local pronItem = makePronunciationText(args[i])
			if pronItem then
				pron[#pron + 1] = pronItem
				pron[#pron + 1] = ' '
			else
				break
			end
		end
		if #pron &gt; 0 then
			ret[#ret + 1] = string.format(
				'&lt;small&gt;%s&lt;/small&gt;',
				table.concat(pron)
			)
		end
	end

	-- Audio link
	do
		local file = args.audio and trim(args.audio)
		if file and file ~= '' then
			ret[#ret + 1] = makeAudioLink(file)
		end
	end

	-- Phonemes
	do
		-- Loop through the numbered args, separating them into phoneme groups
		-- and separator strings (both called &quot;words&quot; for convenience). We only
		-- underline the phoneme groups, not the separators.
		local words = {}
		words[#words + 1] = '/' -- Opening slash
		i = i - 1 -- Set up i again as it was changed in the pronunciation loop
		local id
		repeat
			local phonemes = {}
			local isWordEnd = false
			while not isWordEnd do
				i = i + 1
				id = args[i]
				id = id and trim(id)
				if not id then
					isWordEnd = true
					words[#words + 1] = formatPhonemeGroup(phonemes)
				elseif id ~= '' then
					local t = data.phonemes[id]
					if not t then
						-- We were passed an invalid id.
						isWordEnd = true
						categories[&quot;Ill-formatted IPAc-en transclusions&quot;] = true
						words[#words + 1] = formatPhonemeGroup(phonemes)
						words[#words + 1] = makeTooltip(
							&quot;'''[unsupported input]'''&quot;,
							'Unrecognized symbol'
						)
					elseif not t.label then
						-- The data module contains bad data, so throw an error.
						error(string.format(
							&quot;no label was found for id '%s'&quot;,
							tostring(id)
						))
					elseif t.tooltip then
						-- We are dealing with a regular phoneme.
						phonemes[#phonemes + 1] = makeTooltip(
							t.label,
							t.tooltip
						)
					else
						-- We are dealing with a separator.
						isWordEnd = true
						words[#words + 1] = formatPhonemeGroup(phonemes)
						words[#words + 1] = t.label						
					end
				end
			end
		until not id
		words[#words + 1] = '/' -- Closing slash

		-- Wrap the words in a link to IPA help.
		local span = mw.html.create('span')
			:addClass('IPA nopopups')
			:wikitext(string.format(
				'[[Help:IPA for English|%s]]',
				table.concat(words)
			))

		ret[#ret + 1] = tostring(span)
	end

	-- Nowrap and categories
	ret = makeNowrapSpan(table.concat(ret)) .. renderCategories()

	-- Reset the categories table in case we are run again.
	categories = {}

	return ret
end

function p.main(frame)
	return p._main(frame:getParent().args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>hczdze9lcncu4p5o6rjljijt00syu4j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:IPAc-en/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4510</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28600</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:13:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module processes data for [[Module:IPAc-en]]. It is intended to be -- loaded with mw.loadData.  local PRONUNCIATION_MODULE = 'Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation' local PHONE...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28600</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1200" sha1="63ca8m7vp9oj803ii5e38i1pq69wf9e" xml:space="preserve">-- This module processes data for [[Module:IPAc-en]]. It is intended to be
-- loaded with mw.loadData.

local PRONUNCIATION_MODULE = 'Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation'
local PHONEME_MODULE = 'Module:IPAc-en/phonemes'

local function makeData(oldData)
	local newData = {}
	for i, old in ipairs(oldData) do
		local new = {}
		for k, v in pairs(old) do
			if k ~= 'aliases' and k ~= 'code' then
				new[k] = v
			end
		end
		newData[old.code] = new
		if old.aliases then
			for i, alias in ipairs(old.aliases) do
				newData[alias] = new
			end			
		end
	end
	return newData
end

local function main()
	local pronunciation = makeData(require(PRONUNCIATION_MODULE))
	local phonemes = makeData(require(PHONEME_MODULE))

	-- Check that no pronunciation keys are also contained in the phonemes
	-- data. This would cause silent, hard-to-debug errors if it went
	-- unchecked, so  make it cause a big red error message instead.
	for id in pairs(pronunciation) do
		if phonemes[id] then
			error(string.format(
				&quot;duplicate ID '%s' found in %s and %s&quot;,
				id,
				PRONUNCIATION_MODULE,
				PHONEME_MODULE
			))
		end
	end

	return {
		pronunciation = pronunciation,
		phonemes = phonemes,
	}
end

return main()</text>
      <sha1>63ca8m7vp9oj803ii5e38i1pq69wf9e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4511</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28601</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:15:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module contains pronunciation-key data for [[Module:IPAc-en]].  return { 	{ 		code = 'lang', 		aliases = {'english'}, 		text = 'English' 	}, 	{ 		code = 'pron', 		alia...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28601</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="753" sha1="5c6scsdb1hahf3yvx0w97hu6pr6nqq8" xml:space="preserve">-- This module contains pronunciation-key data for [[Module:IPAc-en]].

return {
	{
		code = 'lang',
		aliases = {'english'},
		text = 'English'
	},
	{
		code = 'pron',
		aliases = {'pronunciation'},
		text = 'pronunciation:'
	},
	{
		code = 'local',
		text = 'local'
	},
	{
		code = 'ipa',
		text = '[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]'
	},
	{
		code = 'aus',
		text = '[[Australian English|AU]]'
	},
	{
		code = 'ca',
		text = '[[Canadian English|CA]]'
	},
	{
		code = 'ie',
		text = '[[Irish English|IE]]'
	},
	{
		code = 'nz',
		text = '[[New Zealand English|NZ]]'
	},
	{
		code = 'uk',
		text = '[[British English|UK]]'
	},
	{
		code = 'us',
		text = '[[American English|US]]'
	},
	{
		code = 'za',
		text = '[[South African English|ZA]]'
	},
}</text>
      <sha1>5c6scsdb1hahf3yvx0w97hu6pr6nqq8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:IPAc-en/phonemes</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4512</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28602</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:17:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module contains phoneme data for [[Module:IPAc-en]].  return { 	{ 		code = &quot;b&quot;, 		label = &quot;b&quot;, 		tooltip = &quot;'b' in 'buy'&quot;, 	}, 	{ 		code = &quot;d&quot;, 		label = &quot;d&quot;, 		toolti...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28602</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="10357" sha1="so375riz2mphzdyx2a2iummp0rj05r0" xml:space="preserve">-- This module contains phoneme data for [[Module:IPAc-en]].

return {
	{
		code = &quot;b&quot;,
		label = &quot;b&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'b' in 'buy'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;d&quot;,
		label = &quot;d&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'d' in 'dye'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ᵈ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;(d)&quot;},
		label = &quot;ᵈ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;optional 'd'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;dj&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;dy&quot;, &quot;dʲ&quot;},
		label = &quot;dj&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/dj/ 'd' in 'dew'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ð&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;D&quot;, &quot;dh&quot;},
		label = &quot;ð&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ð/ 'th' in 'thy'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;dʒ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;J&quot;, &quot;dZ&quot;, &quot;dzh&quot;, &quot;ʤ&quot;},
		label = &quot;dʒ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/dʒ/ 'j' in 'jam'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;f&quot;,
		label = &quot;f&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'f' in 'find'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɡ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;g&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɡ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'g' in 'guy'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;h&quot;,
		label = &quot;h&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'h' in 'hi'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;j&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;y&quot;},
		label = &quot;j&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/j/ 'y' in 'yes'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;k&quot;,
		label = &quot;k&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'k' in 'kind'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;l&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ɫ&quot;},
		label = &quot;l&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'l' in 'lie'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;lj&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ly&quot;, &quot;lʲ&quot;},
		label = &quot;lj&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/lj/ 'l' in 'lute'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;m&quot;,
		label = &quot;m&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'m' in 'my'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;n&quot;,
		label = &quot;n&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'n' in 'no'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;nj&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ny&quot;, &quot;nʲ&quot;},
		label = &quot;nj&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/nj/ 'n' in 'new'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ŋ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;N&quot;, &quot;ng&quot;},
		label = &quot;ŋ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ŋ/ 'ng' in 'sing'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ŋg&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ngg&quot;, &quot;Ng&quot;},
		label = &quot;ŋɡ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ŋɡ/ 'ng' in 'finger'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;θ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;T&quot;, &quot;th&quot;},
		label = &quot;θ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/θ/ 'th' in 'thigh'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;θj&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;thy&quot;, &quot;thj&quot;, &quot;θʲ&quot;},
		label = &quot;θj&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/θj/ 'th' in 'enthusiasm'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;p&quot;,
		label = &quot;p&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'p' in 'pie'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;r&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ɹ&quot;, &quot;ɻ&quot;},
		label = &quot;r&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'r' in 'rye'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;s&quot;,
		label = &quot;s&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'s' in 'sigh'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;sj&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;sy&quot;, &quot;sʲ&quot;},
		label = &quot;sj&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/sj/ 's' in 'suit'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ʃ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;S&quot;, &quot;sh&quot;},
		label = &quot;ʃ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʃ/ 'sh' in 'shy'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;t&quot;,
		label = &quot;t&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'t' in 'tie'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ᵗ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;(t)&quot;},
		label = &quot;ᵗ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;optional 't'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;tj&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ty&quot;, &quot;tʲ&quot;},
		label = &quot;tj&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/tj/ 't' in 'tune'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;tʃ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;C&quot;, &quot;ch&quot;, &quot;tS&quot;, &quot;ʧ&quot;},
		label = &quot;tʃ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/tʃ/ 'ch' in 'china'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;v&quot;,
		label = &quot;v&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'v' in 'vie'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;w&quot;,
		label = &quot;w&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'w' in 'wind'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;hw&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ʍ&quot;, &quot;wh&quot;},
		label = &quot;hw&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/hw/ 'wh' in 'why'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;z&quot;,
		label = &quot;z&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;'z' in 'Zion'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;zj&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;zy&quot;, &quot;zʲ&quot;},
		label = &quot;zj&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/zj/ 'z' in 'Zeus'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ʒ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;Z&quot;, &quot;zh&quot;},
		label = &quot;ʒ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʒ/ 's' in 'pleasure'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;x&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;kh&quot;},
		label = &quot;x&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/x/ 'ch' in 'loch'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ʔ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;?&quot;},
		label = &quot;ʔ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʔ/ the catch in 'uh-oh'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɑː&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;A:&quot;, &quot;ah&quot;, &quot;aa&quot;, &quot;ɑ:&quot;, &quot;ä&quot;, &quot;â&quot;, &quot;aː&quot;, &quot;a:&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɑː&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɑː/ 'a' in 'father'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɑːr&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ar&quot;, &quot;ɑɹ&quot;, &quot;är&quot;, &quot;âr&quot;, &quot;aːr&quot;, &quot;a:r&quot;, &quot;ɑ:r&quot;, &quot;ɑr&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɑːr&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɑːr/ 'ar' in 'bard'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɒ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;Q&quot;, &quot;ŏ&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɒ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɒ/ short 'o' in 'body'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɒ̃&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ɑ̃&quot;, &quot;ɒ~&quot;, &quot;ɑ~&quot;, &quot;ã&quot;, &quot;a~&quot;, &quot;Q~&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɒ̃&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɒ̃/ nasal 'an' in 'vin blanc'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɒr&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ŏr&quot;, &quot;Qr&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɒr&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɒr/ 'or' in 'moral'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;æ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ae&quot;, &quot;&amp;&quot;, &quot;{&quot;, &quot;}&quot;, &quot;ă&quot;},
		label = &quot;æ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/æ/ short 'a' in 'bad'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;aɪ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ai&quot;, &quot;aI&quot;, &quot;ye&quot;, &quot;eye&quot;, &quot;ī&quot;},
		label = &quot;aɪ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/aɪ/ long 'i' in 'tide'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;aɪər&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;aɪr&quot;, &quot;aIr&quot;, &quot;īr&quot;, &quot;aɪə&quot;, &quot;yr&quot;},
		label = &quot;aɪər&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/aɪər/ 'ire' in 'fire'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;aʊ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;au&quot;, &quot;aU&quot;, &quot;ow&quot;},
		label = &quot;aʊ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/aʊ/ 'ou' in 'pout'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;aʊər&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;aʊr&quot;, &quot;aUr&quot;, &quot;aʊə&quot;, &quot;aur&quot;},
		label = &quot;aʊər&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/aʊər/ 'our' in 'hour'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɛ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;E&quot;, &quot;ĕ&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɛ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɛ/ short 'e' in 'bed'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɛr&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;Er&quot;, &quot;ĕr&quot;, &quot;err&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɛr&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɛr/ 'err' in 'merry'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;eɪ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ei&quot;, &quot;eI&quot;, &quot;ay&quot;, &quot;ā&quot;, &quot;eː&quot;, &quot;e:&quot;},
		label = &quot;eɪ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/eɪ/ long 'a' in 'base'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ær&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;aer&quot;, &quot;&amp;r&quot;, &quot;æɹ&quot;, &quot;ăr&quot;, &quot;arr&quot;},
		label = &quot;ær&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ær/ 'arr' in 'marry'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɛər&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;eir&quot;, &quot;eIr&quot;, &quot;e@r&quot;, &quot;E@r&quot;, &quot;air&quot;, &quot;ɛɪɹ&quot;, &quot;eɪr&quot;, &quot;eːr&quot;, &quot;e:r&quot;, &quot;ɛəɹ&quot;, &quot;ār&quot;, &quot;ɛə&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɛər&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɛər/ 'are' in 'bare'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɪ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;I&quot;, &quot;ĭ&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɪ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɪ/ short 'i' in 'bid'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɪr&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ĭr&quot;, &quot;irr&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɪr&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɪr/ 'irr' in 'mirror'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;iː&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;i:&quot;, &quot;ee&quot;, &quot;ē&quot;},
		label = &quot;iː&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/iː/ long 'e' in 'seed'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɪər&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;i:r&quot;, &quot;iːr&quot;, &quot;I@r&quot;, &quot;i@r&quot;, &quot;eer&quot;, &quot;ɪəɹ&quot;, &quot;iːɹ&quot;, &quot;ēr&quot;, &quot;ɪə&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɪər&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɪər/ 'ear' in 'beard'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ⁱ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;(i)&quot;, &quot;(ɪ)&quot;},
		label = &quot;ⁱ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ⁱ/ optional 'i' in 'nasturtium'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ᵊ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;(ə)&quot;, &quot;(@)&quot;},
		label = &quot;ᵊ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ᵊ/ optional 'ə' in 'jewelry'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ʲ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;(j)&quot;, &quot;(y)&quot;, &quot;ʸ&quot;},
		label = &quot;ʲ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʲ/ optional 'j' in 'Lucas'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɔː&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;O&quot;, &quot;O:&quot;, &quot;aw&quot;, &quot;ɔ:&quot;, &quot;ô&quot;, &quot;ɒː&quot;, &quot;Q:&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɔː&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɔː/ 'au' in 'fraud'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɔːr&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;Or&quot;, &quot;awr&quot;, &quot;ɔɹ&quot;, &quot;ôr&quot;, &quot;ɔ(r)&quot;, &quot;ɔr&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɔːr&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɔːr/ 'or' in 'born'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɔɪ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;oj&quot;, &quot;ɔj&quot;, &quot;oi&quot;, &quot;oɪ&quot;, &quot;ɔi&quot;, &quot;OI&quot;, &quot;oy&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɔɪ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɔɪ/ 'oy' in 'boy'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɔɪər&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ɔɪr&quot;, &quot;oyr&quot;, &quot;ɔɪə&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɔɪər&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɔɪər/ 'oir' in 'loir' (rare)&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;oʊ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;o:&quot;, &quot;oː&quot;, &quot;ou&quot;, &quot;oU&quot;, &quot;@u&quot;, &quot;@U&quot;, &quot;oh&quot;, &quot;oe&quot;, &quot;əʊ&quot;, &quot;əu&quot;, &quot;ɔʊ&quot;, &quot;ɔu&quot;, &quot;ō&quot;},
		label = &quot;oʊ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/oʊ/ long 'o' in 'code'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɔər&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;oUr&quot;, &quot;ohr&quot;, &quot;ɔəɹ&quot;, &quot;ɔʊɹ&quot;, &quot;oʊɹ&quot;, &quot;oʊr&quot;, &quot;oːr&quot;, &quot;o:r&quot;, &quot;ōr&quot;, &quot;ɔə&quot;, &quot;ɔə(r)&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɔər&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɔər/ 'ore' in 'bore'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ʊ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;U&quot;, &quot;uu&quot;, &quot;ŏŏ&quot;},
		label = &quot;ʊ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʊ/ short 'oo' in 'foot'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ʊr&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;uur&quot;, &quot;Ur&quot;, &quot;ŏŏr&quot;},
		label = &quot;ʊr&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʊr/ 'our' in 'courier'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;uː&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;u:&quot;, &quot;oo&quot;, &quot;ōō&quot;},
		label = &quot;uː&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/uː/ long 'oo' in 'food'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ʊər&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;u:r&quot;, &quot;uːr&quot;, &quot;u@r&quot;, &quot;U@r&quot;, &quot;oor&quot;, &quot;ʊəɹ&quot;, &quot;ōōr&quot;, &quot;ʊə&quot;},
		label = &quot;ʊər&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʊər/ 'our' in 'tour'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;juː&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ju:&quot;, &quot;yu:&quot;, &quot;yew&quot;, &quot;ew&quot;, &quot;ū&quot;, &quot;yoo&quot;},
		label = &quot;juː&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/juː/ long 'u' in 'cute'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;jʊər&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ūr&quot;, &quot;yoor&quot;, &quot;ju:r&quot;, &quot;juːr&quot;, &quot;jʊə&quot;},
		label = &quot;jʊər&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/jʊər/ 'ure' in 'cure'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ʌ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;V&quot;, &quot;ŭ&quot;},
		label = &quot;ʌ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʌ/ short 'u' in 'bud'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ʌr&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;urr&quot;, &quot;Vr&quot;, &quot;ʌɹ&quot;, &quot;ŭr&quot;},
		label = &quot;ʌr&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʌr/ 'urr' in 'hurry'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ɜːr&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;3&quot;, &quot;3:&quot;, &quot;ɝː&quot;, &quot;ɝ&quot;, &quot;ɜː&quot;, &quot;ɜ:&quot;, &quot;ɜ&quot;, &quot;3r&quot;, &quot;3:r&quot;, &quot;@:r&quot;, &quot;@:&quot;, &quot;ɜɹ&quot;, &quot;ûr&quot;, &quot;ɜ(r)&quot;, &quot;ɜr&quot;},
		label = &quot;ɜːr&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɜːr/ 'ir' in 'bird'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ə&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;schwa&quot;, &quot;@&quot;},
		label = &quot;ə&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ə/ 'a' in 'about'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ər&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;ɚ&quot;, &quot;@r&quot;, &quot;əɹ&quot;, &quot;ə(r)&quot;},
		label = &quot;ər&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ər/ 'er' in 'finger'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ən&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;@n&quot;, &quot;ᵊn&quot;, &quot;n̩&quot;},
		label = &quot;ən&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ən/ 'on' in 'button'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;oʊ-&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;&lt;s&gt;o&lt;/s&gt;&quot;, &quot;o-&quot;, &quot;ou-&quot;, &quot;ɵ&quot;},
		label = &quot;oʊ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/oʊ/ or /ə/ 'o' in 'omit'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;əm&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;@m&quot;, &quot;ᵊm&quot;, &quot;m̩&quot;},
		label = &quot;əm&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/əm/ 'm' in 'rhythm'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ᵻ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;&lt;s&gt;ɪ&lt;/s&gt;&quot;, &quot;i-&quot;, &quot;I-&quot;, &quot;ɪ-&quot;, &quot;ɨ&quot;},
		label = &quot;ᵻ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ɪ/ or /ə/ 'e' in 'roses'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ᵿ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;&lt;s&gt;ʊ&lt;/s&gt;&quot;, &quot;u-&quot;, &quot;U-&quot;, &quot;ʊ-&quot;, &quot;ʉ&quot;},
		label = &quot;ᵿ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ʊ/ or /ə/ 2nd 'u' in 'beautiful'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;jᵿ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;j&lt;s&gt;ʊ&lt;/s&gt;&quot;, &quot;y&lt;s&gt;ʊ&lt;/s&gt;&quot;, &quot;ju-&quot;, &quot;yu-&quot;, &quot;jU-&quot;, &quot;yU-&quot;, &quot;jʊ-&quot;, &quot;jʉ&quot;},
		label = &quot;jᵿ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/jʊ/ or /jə/ 2nd 'u' in 'curriculum'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;əl&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;@l&quot;, &quot;ᵊl&quot;, &quot;əɫ&quot;, &quot;l̩&quot;},
		label = &quot;əl&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/əl/ 'le' in 'bottle'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;i&quot;,
		label = &quot;i&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/i/ 'y' in 'happy'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;u&quot;,
		label = &quot;u&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/u/ 'u' in 'situation'&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ˈ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;'&quot;},
		label = &quot;ˈ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ˈ/ primary stress follows&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;ˌ&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;,&quot;},
		label = &quot;ˌ&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/ˌ/ secondary stress follows&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;.&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;·&quot;},
		label = &quot;.&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/./ syllable break&quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;-&quot;,
		aliases = {&quot;–&quot;},
		label = &quot;-&quot;,
		tooltip = &quot;/-/ affix&quot;,
	},

	-- Separators
	-- Tables without tooltip text are used as word separators. In addition to
	-- not having any tooltip text in the template output, they are not
	-- underlined.
	{
		code = &quot;,_&quot;,
		label = &quot;, &quot;,
	},
	{
		code = &quot;_&quot;,
		label = &quot; &quot;,
	},
	-- this is useful for &quot;and&quot; in place names, which is highly variable and not important to transcribe
	{
		code = &quot;and&quot;,
		label = &quot;/ &amp; /&quot;,
	},
	-- this is useful for other highly variable words in place names, which are not important to transcribe
	{
		code = &quot;...&quot;,
		label = &quot;...&quot;,
	},
}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Wikidata/i18n</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4513</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35154</id>
      <parentid>28603</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-04-23T14:29:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vriullop</username>
        <id>6742</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>default setting in English</comment>
      <origin>35154</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2720" sha1="i6drt03f1js3ja94cveip9oyjilw0lo" xml:space="preserve">-- Translate and set up for your language
-- Please contact [[:ca:Module talk:Wikidades]] if you need any help

local i18n = {
	[&quot;errors&quot;] = {
		[&quot;property-not-found&quot;] = &quot;Property not found.&quot;,
		[&quot;qualifier-not-found&quot;] = &quot;Qualifier not found.&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;datetime&quot;] =
	{
		-- $1 is a placeholder for the actual number
		[&quot;beforenow&quot;] = &quot;$1 BCE&quot;,	-- how to format negative numbers for precisions 0 to 5
		[&quot;afternow&quot;] = &quot;$1 CE&quot;,		-- how to format positive numbers for precisions 0 to 5
		[&quot;bc&quot;] = '$1 &quot;BCE&quot;',		-- how print negative years
		[&quot;ad&quot;] = &quot;$1&quot;,				-- how print 1st century AD dates
		
		[0] = &quot;$1 billion years&quot;,	-- precision: billion years
		[1] = &quot;$100 million years&quot;,	-- precision: hundred million years
		[2] = &quot;$10 million years&quot;,	-- precision: ten million years
		[3] = &quot;$1 million years&quot;,	-- precision: million years
		[4] = &quot;$100000 years&quot;,		-- precision: hundred thousand years; thousand separators added afterwards
		[5] = &quot;$10000 years&quot;,		-- precision: ten thousand years; thousand separators added afterwards
		[6] = &quot;$1 millennium&quot;,		-- precision: millennium
		[7] = &quot;$1 century&quot;,			-- precision: century
		[8] = &quot;$1s&quot;,				-- precision: decade
		-- the following use the format of #time parser function
		[9] = &quot;Y&quot;,					-- precision: year, 
		[10] = &quot;F Y&quot;,				-- precision: month
		[11] = &quot;F j, Y&quot;,			-- precision: day
	},
	
	[&quot;years-old&quot;] = {
		[&quot;singular&quot;] = &quot;year old&quot;,		-- year old, as in {{PLURAL:$1|singular|plural}}
		[&quot;plural&quot;] = &quot;years old&quot;,		-- years old
		[&quot;paucal&quot;] = &quot;&quot;,				-- for languages with 3 plural forms as in {{PLURAL:$1|singular|paucal|plural}}
	},
	
	[&quot;cite&quot;] = {					-- parameters of local version of Template:Cite web
		[&quot;url&quot;]			= &quot;url&quot;,
		[&quot;title&quot;]		= &quot;title&quot;,
		[&quot;website&quot;]		= &quot;website&quot;,
		[&quot;access-date&quot;]	= &quot;access-date&quot;,
		[&quot;archive-url&quot;]	= &quot;archive-url&quot;,
		[&quot;archive-date&quot;]= &quot;archive-date&quot;,
		[&quot;author&quot;]		= &quot;author&quot;,
		[&quot;publisher&quot;]	= &quot;publisher&quot;,
		[&quot;quote&quot;]		= &quot;quote&quot;,
		[&quot;language&quot;]	= &quot;language&quot;,
		[&quot;date&quot;]		= &quot;date&quot;,
		[&quot;pages&quot;]		= &quot;pages&quot;
	},
	
	-- local wiki settings
	[&quot;addpencil&quot;] = true, -- adds a pencil icon linked to Wikidata statement, planned to overwrite by Wikidata Bridge
	[&quot;categorylabels&quot;] = &quot;&quot;, -- Category:Pages with Wikidata labels not translated (void for no local category)
	[&quot;addfallback&quot;] = {} -- additional fallback language codes, i.e. {'sv', 'de'}
}

-- Functions for local grammatical cases (as ordinal) and local fixes (if used)
local cases = {
	-- local fixes
	-- [&quot;infoboxlabel&quot;] = function(word) return require(&quot;Module:Wikidades/labels&quot;).fixInfoboxLabel(word) end,
	-- [&quot;infoboxdata&quot;] = function(word) return require(&quot;Module:Wikidades/labels&quot;).fixInfoboxData(word) end,
	-- other local cases
}

return {
	i18n = i18n,
	cases = cases
}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Mavabyi</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4514</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28605</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:22:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28605</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Articles with contributors link</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4515</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28606</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-17T18:23:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>28606</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mavabyi</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4516</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35228</id>
      <parentid>30234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-05-23T17:53:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35228</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="664" sha1="7b2q6r8bjzzx60b9qgap4lvjujbszcy" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox generic
| name = Mavabyi
| state = collapsed
| title =[[Mavabyi]]
| image = [[File:Esculaap4.svg|25px]]
| above =
| groupstyle = text-align:right;
| liststyle = text-align:left;
| group1 = Matluka ya Mavabyi
| list1 = [[Vuvabyi bya Khorona bya 2019]] • [[HIV/AIDS]] • [[Fukuzana]] • [[Mukhuhlwana wa Zika]] • [[Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya Ebola|Ebola]]  • [[Dzedzedze]] • [[Vuvabyi bya Rihuhu]] • [[Nhlokonho]] • [[Onchosesiyasisi]] • [[Schistosomiyasisi]] • [[Mukhuhlwana]]

| group2 = Matluka ya Mavabyi la makayivelaka
| list2 = [[Ximawa]] • [[Chachalaza]] • [[Muzototo]] • [[Xirhangana]] • [[Kuchuluka]]
| below = 
}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mavabyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4517</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36214</id>
      <parentid>34150</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-08-05T01:52:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8</comment>
      <origin>36214</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1425" sha1="f3emvxm9yg13pgounmdv6b0jqbg4p9b" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mycobacterium_tuberculosis.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Xifaniso xa xitsongwatsongwana xa [[Vuvabyi bya Xifuva]].]]
'''Vuvabyi'''  i xiyimo xo kavanyeta [[rihanyo]] lerinene eka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka. Tidyondzo ta swivangelo swa mavabyi ti vuriwa patholoji.  [[Mavabyi]] ma fambisana na swikombiso leswi hlawulekeke.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;span&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090616022448/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=%2Fppdocs%2Fus%2Fcommon%2Fdorlands%2Fdorland%2Fthree%2F000030493.htm Disease]&lt;span&gt;&quot; at &lt;/span&gt;''Dorland's Medical Dictionary''&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Mangaha vangeriwa hi switsongwatsongwana kumbe ku karhala ka masocha ya miri. Mavabyi makhumba [[vanhu]] enyameni, mathlela makhumba matitwele ya vona, hikuva kukhomiwa hi mavabyi kungacinca mavonele ya munhu hi vutomi na mahanyele.

[[Rifu]] leri vangiwaka hi mavabyi, ri tala ku vuriwa rifu ra ntumbuluko. Kuna swiyenge swa mune swa mavabyi: Mavabyi laya tlelelaka, Mavabyi yotsona, Mavabyi ya xitswariwa, na mavabyi ya mihleketo. Mavabyi manga thlela ma hambanisiwa hi xitlulela na kupfumala xitlulela. Mavabyi laya ngana nhlayo yalehenhla yo dlaya i mavabyi ya kusiveka ka misiha yangati, malandzeriwa hi mavabyi ya misiha yangati ya nhloko na Mavabyi ya xifuva.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.who.int/features/qa/18/en/ &quot;What is the deadliest disease in the world?&quot;]&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Timbhoni ta Yehovha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4519</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39553</id>
      <parentid>35268</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-09T10:32:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsovo.W.Maswanganyi</username>
        <id>11668</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */</comment>
      <origin>39553</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10242" sha1="9bo6p321nk77fandglsucjnw6yd3fi1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Kingdomhall.jpg|thumb|''Tiholo ta Mfumo'']]
[[File:Centrum Kongresowe Sosnowiec.jpg|thumb|Timbhoni Ta Yehovha]]

'''Timbhoni ta Yehovha''' i vukhongeri bya xikreste lebyi nga pfumeriki e ka vunharhu-vun'we ku hambana na vukhongeri bya [[vukreste]] lebyi tolovelekeke.&lt;ref&gt;Sources for descriptors:&lt;br&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;''Millenarian'': {{Cite book|last=Beckford|first=James A.|authorlink=James A. Beckford|title=The Trumpet of Prophecy: A Sociological Study of Jehovah's Witnesses|publisher=Basil Blackwell|location=Oxford|year=1975|isbn=0-631-16310-7|ref=harv|pages=118–119, 151, 200–201}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntlawa lowu wu vika vulandzeri bya misava hinkwayo bya kwalomu ka 8.683.117 miliyoni ta vahuweleri,&lt;ref name=&quot;yb2017&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[https://www.jw.org/ts/&quot;Jehovah's Witnesses Official Media Web Site: Our History and Organization: Membership&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; kwalomu ka 15 wa timiliyoni wa lava kumekaka e mitsombanweni, na kwalomu ka 20.919.041 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu lava veke kona e Xitsundzuxweni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Guided by God's Spirit|journal=Awake!|date=June 2008|page=32|accessdate=2012-06-16|url=http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102008215}}&lt;/ref&gt; Timbhoni ta Yehovha ti rhangeriwa hi Huvo leyi Fumaka, kunga ntlawa wa vakulu e Warwick, lowu simekaka tidyondzo hikwato ta vona &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Beckford|first=James A.|authorlink=James A. Beckford|title=The Trumpet of Prophecy: A Sociological Study of Jehovah's Witnesses|publisher=Basil Blackwell|location=Oxford|year=1975|isbn=0-631-16310-7|ref=harv|pages=221|quote=Doctrine has always emanated from the Society's elite in Brooklyn and has never emerged from discussion among, or suggestion from, rank-and-file Witnesses.}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuya hi tinhlamuselo ta [[Bhibhele]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;The Columbia Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Columbia Encyclopedia|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2011|chapter=Jehovah's Witnesses|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Jehovahs_Witnesses.aspx#3|quote=The Witnesses base their teaching on the Bible.|isbn=978-0-7876-5015-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vatirhisa ngopfu Bhibhele ya vona leyi tiviwaka hi , Vuhundzuluxeri bya matsalwa bya Misava leyintshwa,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Edwards|first=Linda|title=A Brief Guide to Beliefs|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=2001|location=Louisville, Kentucky|pages=438|isbn=0-664-22259-5|quote=The Jehovah's Witnesses' interpretation of Christianity and their rejection of orthodoxy influenced them to produce their own translation of the Bible, ''The New World Translation''.}}&lt;/ref&gt; hambi leswi tibuku tavona ti tshahaka vuhundzuluxeri byin'wana .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=When Was Ancient Jerusalem Destroyed?—Part One|journal=The Watchtower|date=October 1, 2011|page=26|quote=Jehovah's Witnesses produce a reliable Bible translation known as the ''New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures''. However, if you are not one of Jehovah’s Witnesses, you may prefer to use other translations when considering Bible subjects. This article quotes from a number of widely accepted Bible translations.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vupfumela leswaku kuherisiwa ka mafambiselo ya sweswi ya misava e Armageddon kutshinele, naswona leswaku ku simekiwa ka Mfumo wa [[Xikwembu]] laha misaveni, hi xona ntsena xintshuxo xa swirhalanganya hikwaswo leswi languteke vanhu hikwavo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica Concise Encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Britannica Concise Encyclopedia|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|year=2007|chapter=Jehovah's Witness|isbn=978-1-59339-293-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntlawa lowu wusukela eka Swichudeni swa Bhibhele, kunga ntlawa lowu simekiweke kwalomu ka malembe ya 1870 hi Charles Taze Russell loyi a sunguleke Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society, naswona vathlela va cinca mafambisele na tidyondzo ta vona e hansi ka vurhangeri bya Joseph Franklin Rutherford.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Embryonic State of a Religious Sect's Development: The Jehovah's Witnesses|journal=Sociological Yearbook of Religion in Britain|editor=Michael Hill|year=1972|issue=5|pages=11–12|quote=Joseph Franklin Rutherford succeeded to Russell's position as President of Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society, but only at the expense of antagonizing a large proportion of the Watch Towers subscribers. Nevertheless, he persisted in moulding the Society to suit his own programme of activist evangelism under systematic central control, and he succeeded in creating the administrative structure of the present-day sect of Jehovah's Witnesses.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Leo P. Chall|title=Sociological Abstracts|volume=26|issue=1–3|journal=Sociology of Religion|year=1978|page=193|quote=Rutherford, through the Watch Tower Society, succeeded in changing all aspects of the sect from 1919 to 1932 and created Jehovah's Witnesses—a charismatic offshoot of the Bible student community.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vito ra ''Timbhoni ta Yehovha''&lt;ref&gt;Based on Isaiah 43:10–12 - [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=isaiah+43%3A10-12&amp;version=ASV Isaiah 43:10-12]&lt;/ref&gt; riamukeriwile hi ntlawa lowu hi lembe ra 1931 leswaku wutihambanisa na mintlawa yin'wana ya Swichudeni swa Bhibhele leswi sukaka e tidyondzweni ta  Russell.&lt;ref name=&quot;name1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rogerson, Alan|title=Millions Now Living Will Never Die: A Study of Jehovah's Witnesses|publisher=Constable|location=London|year=1969|page=55|quote=In 1931, came an important milestone in the history of the organisation. For many years Rutherford's followers had been called a variety of names: 'International Bible Students', 'Russellites', or 'Millennial Dawners'. In order to distinguish clearly his followers from the other groups who had separated in 1918 Rutherford proposed that they adopt an entirely new name—''Jehovah's witnesses''.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;name2&quot;&gt;James A. Beckford, ''The Trumpet of Prophecy'', 1975, page 30, &quot;The new title symbolized a break with the legacy of Russell's traditions, the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh methods of administering evangelism.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;name3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=The Watch Tower|title=A New Name|date=October 1, 1931|page=291|quote=Since the death of Charles T. Russell there have arisen numerous companies formed out of those who once walked with him, each of these companies claiming to teach the truth, and each calling themselves by some name, such as &quot;Followers of Pastor Russell&quot;, &quot;those who stand by the truth as expounded by Pastor Russell,&quot; &quot;Associated Bible Students,&quot; and some by the names of their local leaders. All of this tends to confusion and hinders those of good will who are not better informed from obtaining a knowledge of the truth.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Timbhoni ta yehovha titiveka ngopfu hi kuchumayela ka muti-hi-muti, kuhangalasa tibuku tavona leti vuriwaka ''Xihondzo xo Rindza'' na ''Xalamuka!'', ku ala Vusocha na kucheriwa ka ngati. Vatshemba leswaku iswa nkoka ku tirhisa vito ra Yehova eku khongeleni. Va ala Vunharhu-vun'we, Kupona ka moyaxiviri, na ndzilo wa tihele, leswi va vulaka swi hambana na matsalwa. Ava tlangeri Khisimusi, Gudu, Masiku yo tswariwa kumbe tiholide na swihenwa leswi va vulaka swi huma eka vukhongeri bya Vujagana naswona swihambana na Vukreste.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Franz, Raymond|title=In Search of Christian Freedom|publisher=Commentary Press|year=2007|pages=274–5|isbn=0-914675-16-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Valandzeri vantlawa lowu va vula tidyondzo ta vona &quot;Ntiyiso&quot; naswona vativona vari &quot;entiyisweni&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Singelenberg|first=Richard|title=It Separated the Wheat From the Chaff: The 1975 Prophecy and its Impact Among Dutch Jehovah's Witnesses|journal=Sociological Analysis|volume=50|issue=Spring 1989|pages=23–40, footnote 8|year=1989|quote='The Truth' is Witnesses' jargon, meaning the Society's belief system.|doi=10.2307/3710916}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va vona vanhu van'wana lava naga ehandle ku vupfumeri lebyi tani hi lava hombolokeke naswona vari e hansi ka nhlohlotelo wa Sathana, naswona va hunguta ku tihlanganisa na vona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Penton|first=M.J.|authorlink=James Penton|title=Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1997|isbn=0-8020-7973-3|ref=harv|pages=280–283|quote=Most Witnesses tend to think of society outside their own community as decadent and corrupt ... This in turn means to Jehovah's Witnesses that they must keep themselves apart from Satan's &quot;doomed system of things.&quot; Thus most tend to socialize largely, although not totally, within the Witness community.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vuxupuri bya nhlengeletano/vandla byi hlanganisa ''Kususiwa'' kunga rito ravona leri hlamuselaka ku hlongoriwa no bakanyiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Chryssides|first=George D.|authorlink=George Chryssides|title=Exploring New Religions|publisher=Continuum|year=1999|location=London|pages=5|isbn=0-8264-5959-5|quote=The Jehovah's Witnesses are well known for their practice of 'disfellowshipping' wayward members.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vanhu lava susiweke vanga ha thleriseriwa loko va voniwa va hundzukile.&lt;ref name=&quot;shepherd&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Shepherd the Flock of God|page=119|publisher=Watch Tower Society|quote=The committee should be careful to allow sufficient time, perhaps many months, a year, or even longer, for the disfellowshipped person to prove that his profession of repentance is genuine.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuyimo bya vukhongeri leyi mayelana na ku ala [[vusocha]] na ku hlonipha mujeko, byi va vangele madzolonga na Mifumo ya matiko yo hlaya. Hiswona leswi vangeleke leswaku, van'wana va Timbhoni ta Yehovha va xanisiwa naswona vukhongeri byavona byi arisiwa ematikweni man'wana. Kuphikelela ka vona e tihuveni ta milawu swi hlohlotele [[timfanelo ta ximunhu]] ematikweni yohlaya.&lt;ref&gt;Gary Botting, ''Fundamental Freedoms and Jehovah's Witnesses'' (Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1993), pg 1–13.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nhlangano lowu wu thlele wu soriwa ngopfu eka timhaka leti hlanganisaka Vuhundzuluxeri bya vona bya Bhibhele, Tidyondzo ta vona, Makhomele ya ti mhaka taku xanisa himasangu, na kuhlohlotela no chavisa valandzeri vavona. Mixungeto leyi yi ariwile hi varhangeri vavona naswona yinwana yi kanetiwile etihuveni ta milawu.

* [https://www.jw.org/ts/ Timbhoni Ta Yehovha (jw.org)]

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

[[Category:Vukhongeri]]</text>
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| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Lembe ra ku tsala:''' ||  {{{Lembe ra ku tsala}}}
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    <title>Timfanelo ta ximunhu</title>
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      <comment>/* Kupimiwa ka milawu */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7079" sha1="206sjv0krmtmvzm4gq05vb0sljjfyfl" xml:space="preserve">{{Official Document|
| Vito = Timfanelo ta ximunhu
| Xifaniso = RSA-Constitution.png
| Lembe ra ku tsala = 4 [[Nyenyenyani]] [[1997]]
| Ndzhawu yo tsala = [[Joni|Johannesburg]]
| Tiko ra vutsari = [[Afrika Dzonga]]
}}

Xiyenge xa vumbirhi xa Vumbiwa ra Afrika Dzonga xi hlanganisa Timfanelo ta Ximunhu, vumbiwa leri sirhelelaka timfanelo leti hlanganisaka, vumunhu, vupolitiki ku hlanganisa timfanelo ta rihanyo na manindzu. Timfanelo leti nga eka vumbiwa to tirhisiwa eka milawu hinkawyo, naswona ti boha marhavi hinkwawo ya mfumo, kuhlanganisa vurhangeri bya tiko, phalamende na Tihuvo tanawu.

Vumbiwa ro sungula ra Timfanelo ta ximunhu laha Afrika Dzonga, a tikumeka eka xiyenge xa vunharhu xa vumbiwa ra xinkarhana ra lembe ra 1993, leri simekiweke tani hi xiphemu xa mbulavuriswano wo herisa mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu.&lt;ref name=&quot;cockrell&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |first=Alfred |last=Cockrell| title=The South African Bill of Rights and the 'Duck/Rabbit' |journal=Modern Law Review |volume=60 |number=4 |date=July 1997 |pages=513–537 |doi=10.1111/1468-2230.00096}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vumbiwa ra sweswi risimekiwe hi 4 Nyenyankulu 1997.

==Nxaxamelo wa Timfanelo==
===Ndzingano===
A ku nge vi na xi hlawuhlawu ehenhla ka wena. Kambe pfhumba ro ringananisa emintirhweni (affirmative action) na xihlawuhlawu xo twala swa pfumeleriwa.
 
 Hinkwerhu ha ringana emahlweni ka nawu naswona a ku nge vi na xihlawuhlawu ehenhla ka hina.

===Xindzhuti xa Ximunhu===
Xindzhuti xa wena xi fanele ku hloniphiwa no sirheleriwa.

 Hinkwerhu hi na Xindzhuti xa Ximunhu lexi faneleke ku hloniphiwa.

===Vutomi===
U na mfanelo ya vutomi 

 Hinkwerhu hi na mfanelo wa vutomi.

===Ntshuxeko na Vuhlayiseki bya munhu===
A wu nge pfaleriwi u nga tengisiwi,u xanisiwa kumbe ku tshinyiwa hi ndlela leyi nga riki kahle. Madzolonga ya le mindyangwini a ya pfumeleriwi.

 A wu nge khomiwi u pfaleriwa kuri hava ku tengisiwa kumbe ku xanisiwa hi ndlela yin’wana.

===Vuhlonga na Nsindziso wa ntirho===
Vuhlonga na Nsindziso wa ntirho a swi pfumeleriwi.

 A wu nge tshikileriwi hi vuhlonga kumbe nsindziso wa ntirho.

===Xihundla===
A wu nge sechiwi kumbe kaya ra wena ri sechiwa kumbe ku sechiwa nhundzu ya wena.

 Mfanelo ya wena ya xihundla yi katsa miri wa wena, ndyangu na nhundzu.

===Ntshuxeko wa vukhongeri, ku tshembhela na mavonelo===
U nga tshembhela no ehleketa swihi na swihi leswi u swi lavaka naswona u nga landzelela vukhongeri lebyi u byi tsakelaka.

 U na mfanelo ku ehleketa, ku tshembha no khongela hi ndlela yihi na yihi leyi u yi tsakelaka.

===Ntshuxeko wo Humesela mavonelo===
Vanhu hinkwawo (ku katsa na vamahungu) va nga vula leswi va swi tsakelaka.

  U na mfanelo wo vula, ku hlaya no dyondza swin’wana na swin’wana leswi va swi hlawulaka kambe mbhulavulo wa rivengo a wu pfumeleriwi.
  
===Hlengeletana, Ku kombisa kuvilela, Phiketa na Xivilelo===
U nga kombisa ku vilela, phiketa no yisa  xivilelo. Kambe u fanele ku endla leswi hi ku rhula.

 U na mfanelo wo hlengeletana hi ku rhula, ku kombisa ku vilela.

===Ntshuxeko wa Xinghana===
U nga va na xinghana na mani namani kuya hi leswi u swi lavisaka xiswona.

  U na mfanelo wo va na xinghana na mani na mani.

===Timfanelo ta Xipolitiki===
U nga seketela nhlangano wa tipoliti lowu u wu tsakelaka. Loko u ri muaka tiko, no va na kwalomu ka 18 wa malembe u nga vhota.

  U nga vumba nhlangano wa tipolitiki, u va na hofisi no vhotela nhlangano wihi na wihi eka minhlawulo leyi ntshuxekeke no va kahle.

===Vuaka-tiko===
Vuaka-tiko bya wena a byi nge susiwi eka wena.

  Ku hava muaka-tiko loyi a nga tsoniwa vuaka-tiko.

===Ntshuxeko wo Famba-famba na Vutshamo===
U nga ya no tshama kwihi na kwihi laha Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga.

  U na mfanelo yo nghena no huma laha Riphabliki hi ku tsakela ka wena.

===Ntshuxeko wa Bindzu, Ntirho na Xiphrofexini===
Unga endla ntirho wihi na wihi lowu u wu tsakelaka.
   
 U na mfanelo yo hlawula ntirho wihi na wihi wa swa nawu kumbe ntirho hi ndlela yo ntshuxeka.

===Vuxaka bya swa Mintirho===
U nga joyina minhlangano ya vatirhi no tereka

 Mutirhi un’wana na un’wana na muthori u na mfanelo wo kondletela no kanerisana ku yisa emahlweni swikongomelo swa vona.

===Mbango===

 U na mfanelo ya mbango lowu tengeke U na mfanelo to yo sirheleriwa, mbango lowu tengeke.

===Nhundzu===
Nhundzu ya wena yi nga tekiwa ntsena eka wena loko ku landzeleriwe milawu leyi faneleke.

 Ku hava munhu loyi a nga tsoniwaka nhundzu, handle ka loko ku landzeleriwe nawu wa mani na mani.

===Tindlu===
Mfumo wu fanele ku vona leswaku vanhu va kuma tindlu ta kahle.

 U na mfanelo yo kuma yindlu leyi faneleke.

===Nhlayiso wa swa Rihanyo, Swakudya, Mati na Nsirhelelo wa Vaaki===
Mfumo wu fanele ku vona leswaku u kuma swakudya na mati, Nhlayiso wa Rihanyo na nsirhelelo wa vaaki.

 U na mfanelo ya rihanyo ra kahle, swakudya leswi eneleke na mati na nsirhelelo wa vaaki

===Vana===
Vana va malembe ya le hansi ka 18 va na timfanelo to hlawuleka, ku fana na mfanelo wova va nga xanisiwi.

 N’wana un’wana na un’wana u na mfanelo yo va na vito etikweni na nsirhelelo eka ku xanisiwa no va ku tlangiwa hi yena.

===Dyondzo===
U na mfanelo ya dyondzo ya mani na mani, ku katsa dyondzo ya lavakulu, hi ririmi ra wena (loko leswi swi koteka).

 U na mfanelo yo kuma dyondzoya mani na mani hi ririmi ra ximfumo leri u ri tsakelaka.

===Ririmi na Ndzhavuko===
U nga tirhisa ririmi ra wena ku, na kulandzelela ndzhavuko lowu u wutsakela.

 U na mfanelo yo tirhisa ririmi leri u ri tsakelaka no tlangela ndzhavuko wa wena.

===Ndzhavuko, Vukhongeri na Miganga ya swa Lingwisitiki===
Miganga yi nga tiphina hi mindzhavuko ya yona; va landzelela vukhongeri bya vona, no tirhisa ririmi ra vona.

 U na mfanelo yo vumba, joyina no hlayisa mintlawa ya swa vona ya ndzhavuko, lingwisitiki na vukhongeri lebyi va byi tsakelaka.

===Ku fikelela mahungu===
U na mfanelo yo fikelela mahungu wahi na wahi lawa mfumo wunga na wona.

 U nga fikelela mahungu lawa yanga na mfumo ku sirhelela timfanelo ta wena.

===Goza ra Mafambiselo ro twala===
Magoza hi mfumo ya faneleku twala.

 U na mfanelo ya goza ra mafambiselo leri nga le nawini, ro twala no va kahle.

===Ku fikelela Tikhoto===
U nga va na xiphiqo xa swa nawu lexi bohiweke hi khoto, kumbe xiyenge lexi fanaka.

 U na mfanelo yo o loloxa minkwetlembetano ya swa nawu ekhoto kumbe eka ku tengiwa kun’wana loku nga voyamiki.

===Ku khomiwa, ku Pfaleriwa na ku Hehliwa ka Vanhu===
Mfanelo yo sirhelela vanhu lava khomiweke, khotsiweke kumbe ku hehliwa.

 Loko u khomiwa, u na mfanelo yo miyela, ku yisiwa ekhoto ku nga si hela 48 wa tiawara na mfanelo wo va na muyimeri wa swa na nawu.

==Kupimiwa ka milawu==
Hinkwayo milawu leyi yi landza nawu wa misava,&lt;ref&gt;Brice Dickson, &quot;Human Rights in the 21st Century,&quot; ''Amnesty International Lecture, Queen's University, Belfast'', 11 November 1999.&lt;/ref&gt; naswon yi tirha eka hinkwavo lava tshamaka e Rhiphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga. Hinkwato timfanelo leti ti nga pimiwa loko swi twala ku endla tano.&lt;ref&gt;Rautenbach, Malherbe. &quot;Constitutional Law, 4th Edition,&quot; 2004. ISBN 978-0-409-05053-0&lt;/ref&gt;

==Swiyelanisi==
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  <page>
    <title>Xikwembu</title>
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        <username>Aquino100</username>
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      <text bytes="3293" sha1="o52ndgp85dxh2bpmjlw2s1bbkv1pbni" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gold Christian Cross no Red.svg|thumb|392x392px|Xifaniso xa &quot;''Xikwembu Tatana&quot;'' xitekiwe eka mpfapfarhuto was ''Hosi Davida na vakulu va 24, lava langutiseke Xikwembu Tatana'' hi Johann Jakob Zeiller (1744-48).]]
'''Xikwembu''' xitekiwa kuri Xivumbiwa xale henhla ka swivumbiwa hinkwaswo la misaveni, matilweni nile hansi ka [[misava]]. Xi tshama henhla-henhla ematilweni laha Xi tshamaka henhla ka xitulu xa Xona lexi hlayisiwaka hi tintsumi ta xona hiku hambana-hambana. I mutumbuluxi wa misava ni swilo hinkwaswo leswi swinga kona la misaveni,naswona vanhu va veka ripfumelo ra vona eka xona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swinburne&quot;&gt;Swinburne, R.G. &quot;God&quot; in Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;  Vukwembu byi hlamuseriwa hi vadyondzi va swa taripfumelo, byi hlanganisa lexi tivaka hinkwaswo, xa matimba hinkwawo, lexi nga kona hinkwako naswona lexi veke kona kusukela e kusunguleni.

Xikwembu hakanyingi xi vona xi ri hava miri wa nyama,&lt;ref name=&quot;Swinburne&quot;&gt;Swinburne, R.G. &quot;God&quot; in Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;,hambiswiritano nhlamuselo ya ku tumbuluxa misava &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Lang|first1=David|title=Why Matter Matters: Philosophical and Scriptural Reflections on the Sacraments|year=2002|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor|location=Chapter Five: Why Male Priests?|isbn=978-1931709347|first2=Peter|last2=Kreeft}}&lt;/ref&gt; yi vangele leswaku xikwembu xihlamuseriwa hi vununa hikuva i Tanana wa Hina. 

Xikwembu xina mavito yo tala kuya hi ku hambana hambana ka vukhongeri. E [[Gibita]] ya khale, xikwembu a xi vitiwa Aten,&lt;ref&gt;Jan Assmann, ''Religion and Cultural Memory: Ten Studies'', Stanford University Press 2005, p.59&lt;/ref&gt; loyi a a tshembiwa leswaku i mutumbuluxi lonkulu.&lt;ref&gt;M. Lichtheim, ''Ancient Egyptian Literature'', Vol.2, 1980, p.96&lt;/ref&gt; E Bhibheleni ra xiyuda xivuriwa, &quot;Loyi anga Yena&quot;, naswona hi tetragrammaton YHWH (Yaweh) (Xiheberu&amp;#x3A;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot; lang=&quot;he&quot;&gt;יהוה&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#x200E;&amp;#x200E;, leswinge: &quot;Ndzi loyi ndzinga Yena&quot;; &quot;Loyi anga kona&quot;) ma tirhisiwa tani hi mavito ya Xikwembu, kasi Yahweh na Yehovah ma tirhisiwa tani hi mavito ya xikwembu. Eka [[vukreste]] bya vunharhu-vun'we, xikwembu xi tiviwa tani hi Xikwembu - Tatana, Xikwembu-N'wana na Xikwembu-Moya wo kwetsima. Eka vukhongeri bya Xiyuda, swi tolovelekile ku vita Xikwembu hi Elohim kumbe Adonai.&lt;ref name=&quot;freud&quot;&gt;Freud, S. (1939). &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gunther Siegmund Stent, ''Paradoxes of Free Will''. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jan Assmann, ''Moses the Egyptian: The Memory of Egypt in Western Monotheism''. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;N. Shupak, ''The Monotheism of Moses and the Monotheism of Akhenaten''. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;William F. Albright, ''From the Patriarchs to Moses II. ''&lt;/ref&gt; Eka vukhongeri bya Xisurumani, ku tirhisiwa vito Allah, &quot;Al-El&quot;, kumbe &quot;Al-Elah&quot;, tani hi vito ra Xikwembu.

Mavonele yo hambana hambana ya tumbuluxe vukhongeri lebyi pfumelaka leswaku vukhongeri hinkwabyo byi khongela xikwembu xin'we hambi leswi byin'wana na byin'wana byi xi twisisaka hi ndlela yo hambana.&lt;ref&gt;''Christianity and Other Religions'', by John Hick and Brian Hebblethwaite. 1980. &lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
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    <title>Vukreste</title>
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      <text bytes="6818" sha1="7bw5nxpyxh7uqbnrdouuj47eq66ryx0" xml:space="preserve">[[File:CompositeJesus.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Swifaniso swo hambana-hambana swa Yesu]]
'''Vukreste'''&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;From Ancient Greek Χριστός, ''Khristós'' (Latinized as ''Christus''), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, ''Māšîăḥ'', meaning &quot;the anointed one&quot;, with the Latin suffixes ''-ian'' and ''-itas''.&lt;/ref&gt; i vukhongeri lebyi tshegiweke eka vutomi na tidyondzo ta Yesu Kreste kuya hi Testamente leyintshwa.

Vukreste i vukhongeri lebyi kulu kutlula mixaka hinkwayo ya vukhongeri emisaveni,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news&quot;&gt;Zoll, Rachel (19 December 2011). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PewDec2012&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.pewforum.org/files/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf &quot;The Global Religious Landscape: Christianity&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113632/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }} (PDF). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; naswona byi na malandza yo tlula 2.4&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x77;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x74;&amp;#x69;biliyoni,&lt;ref name=&quot;World&quot;&gt;33.39% of ~7.2&amp;nbsp;billion world population (under the section 'People') &lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html &quot;World&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html |date=2010-01-05 }}. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gordonconwell.edu&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf &quot;Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141543/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf |date=2017-05-25 }} (PDF). gordonconwell.edu. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Global Christianity&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;ANALYSIS (19 December 2011). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Current sources are in general agreement that Christians make up about 33% of the world's population—slightly over 2.4 billion adherents in mid-2015.&lt;/ref&gt; la ma tiviwaka tani hi Vakreste.&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot; name=&quot;name&quot;&gt;The term &quot;Christian&quot; (Greek {{Lang|grc|Χριστιανός}}) was first used in reference to Jesus's disciples in the city of Antioch&lt;sup class=&quot;nourlexpansion reference&quot;&gt;[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+11%3A26&amp;version=ESV &amp;#x5B;Acts 11:26&amp;#x5D;]&lt;/sup&gt; about 44&amp;nbsp;AD, meaning &quot;followers of Christ&quot;. &lt;/ref&gt; Vakreste va pfumela leswaku Yesu i n'wana wa Xikwembu naswona i muponisi wa misava, loyi ku vuya ka yena ku vhumbiweke e ka Testamente ya khale.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Christianity: A Very Short Introduction|edition=|last=Woodhead|first=Linda|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=|pages=n.p.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vukhongeri bya Vukreste byi nga hlamuseriwa hi kukomisa eka ku pfumela leswi landzelaka. Leswaku Yesu u xanisekile, a lova, a vekiwa e sirheni, a chikela e tiheleni, naswona a pfuka eku feni, leswaku a nyika lava va pfumelaka eka yena, nkutsulo wa swidyoho swa vona. Vathlela va pfumela leswaku Yesu u thlandlukele e matilweni, laha a fumaka na Xikwembu-Tatana, swin'we na Moya lowo kwetsima, naswona leswaku u ta vuya a ta avanyisa lava hanyaka na vafi athlela a nyika valandzeri vakwe vutomi lebyi nga heriki. Ku tswariwa ka yena, ku chumayela ka yena, ku vambiwa ka yena, na ku pfuxiwa swi vuriwa eVhangeli kumbe &quot;Mahungu lamanene&quot;.&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;&quot;Good news&quot; is a translation of the Ancient Greek term {{Lang|grc-gre|εὐαγγέλιον}} ''euangélion'', from which the terms evangelical and evangelism derive.&lt;/ref&gt; Rito evhangeli rithlela ri hlamusela matsalwa ya vutomi bya Yena na tidyondzo ta yena, leti tivekaka ngopfu hi leti tsariweke hi —Matewu, Mareka, Luka, na Yohani.

Vukreste byi sungule hi lembe-xidzana ro sungula.&lt;ref name=&quot;Robinson&quot;&gt;[[:en:Christianity#CITEREFRobinson2000|Robinson 2000]]&lt;span&gt;, p.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;229&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Esler&quot;&gt;Esler. &lt;/ref&gt; Byisimekiwe ku suka e Yudeya, naswona byi hangalake ku xika e [[Yuropa]], Siriya, Bhabhilona, Ashiya, Gibhita, Topiya na [[Indiya]], naswona hi lembe-xidzana ra vumune byi vile vukhongeri bya ximfumo bya le Rhoma.&lt;ref&gt;Religion in the Roman Empire, Wiley-Blackwell, by James B. Rives, page 196&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07218b.htm Catholic encyclopedia] New Advent&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;McManners, ''Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity'', pp. 301–03.&lt;/ref&gt; Byi yile emahlweni byi hangalaka na misava ku fika e Amerika, Ostraliya na [[Afrika]] wale dzongeni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spread&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2AtOlJMPTUC&amp;pg=PA52|title=Muslim-Christian Relations|publisher=[[Amsterdam University Press]]|quote=The enthusiasm for evangelization among the Christians was also accompanied by the awareness that the most immediate problem to solve was how to serve the huge number of new [[Conversion to Christianity|converts]]. Simatupang said, if the number of the Christians were double or triple, then the number of the ministers should also be doubled or tripled and the tole of the laity should be maximized and Christian service to society through schools, universities, hospitals and orphanages, should be increased. In addition, for him the Christian mission should be involved in the struggle for justice amid the process of modernization.|accessdate=18 October 2007|isbn=978-90-5356-938-2|year=2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Charity&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=WmuV6g0yR3sC&amp;pg=PA77&amp;dq=christianity+serve+others+hospitals+orphanages+schools#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|author=Fred Kammer|title=Doing Faith Justice|publisher=[[Paulist Press]]|quote=Theologians, bishops, and preachers urged the Christian community to be as compassionate as their God was, reiterating that creation was for all of humanity. They also accepted and developed the identification of Christ with the poor and the requisite Christian duty to the poor. Religious congregations and individual charismatic leaders promoted the development of a number of helping institutions-hospitals, hospices for pilgrims, orphanages, shelters for unwed mothers-that laid the foundation for the modern &quot;large network of hospitals, orphanages and schools, to serve the poor and society at large.&quot;|accessdate=18 October 2007|isbn=978-0-8091-4227-9|date=1 May 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Service&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dz_EM2ofIb4C&amp;pg=PA132|title=Christian Church Women: Shapers of a Movement|publisher=Chalice Press|quote=In the central provinces of India they established schools, orphanages, hospitals, and churches, and spread the gospel message in zenanas.|accessdate=18 October 2007|isbn=978-0-8272-0463-8|date=March 1994}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tinoti ==
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== Swiyelanisi ==
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    <title>Swikwembu</title>
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'''Kuphahla Swikwembu''' (Kumbe kuphahla Vafi), swi tshegiwe eka rirhandzu na ku xixima vafi. Eka [[ndzhavuko|mindzhavuko]] yin'wana, swi yelana na ku pfumela leswaku ku na vutomi endhzaku ka rifu, naswona vafi vahundzuka swikwembu naswona va swikota ku pfuna kumbe ku kavanyeta njombo ya lava hanyaka. Mintlawa yin'wana yi xixima varikwavo va ngati lava loveke; [[vukhongeri]] byin'wana, ngopfu-ngopfu Vukhongeri bya [[Vukatolika]] byi xixima vakwetsimi tani hi va vulavuleri emahlwenika [[Xikwembu]].

E [[Yuropa]], [[Axiya]], [[Oxiyeniya]] na le matikweni man'wana ya [[Afrika]], xikongomelo xo phahla swikwembu i ku tsakisa swikembu leswaku swi katekisa lava hanyaka. Kuphala swikwembu, swithlela swi tirhisiwa ku aka muti na xivongo, kutshembeka emutini na ku ku kurisa rixaka. Kuphahla swikwembu, ku kumeka eka tinxaka hinkwato ta vanhu hi ku hambana hambana ka ma phahle.

== Nkatsakanyo ==
Kuphahla swikwembu swa hambana na ku khongela xikwembu. Eka mindzhavuko yin'wana ya xi Afrika, swikwembu swi voniwa tani hi vahlanganisi kumbe vayimeri va lava vahanyaka, naswona swikwembu swikota ku ngenelela tani hi varhumiwa exikarhi ka xikwembu na vanhu lava hanyaka. Tani hi mimoya leyi ayiri vanhu, swikota ku twisisa swi laveko swa vanhu ku antswa ku tlula swivumbiwa swa moya. Mindzhavuko yin'wana yi pfumela leswaku swikwembu swi fanela ku hlayisiwa hi switukulwana leswi hanyaka, naswona leswi swi katsa ku nyikela hi swakudya na swi laveko swin'wana. Van'wana vatshemba leswka ku phahla kova vutihlamuleri bya vumunhu hambi loko swikwembu swinga twi kumbe ku vona leswi endliweke.

Mindzhavuko yin'wna leyi xiximaka swikwembu, a yi swiviti ku phahla. Hiyona mhaka leyi, kungana ku hambana exikarhi ka ku phahla swikwembu na ku khongela xikwembu.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation&quot;&gt;[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/worship ''worship''], Cambridge University Press&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeneration+of+the+dead&amp;rft.btitle=worship&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fworship&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation&quot;&gt;[http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/learner/worship ''worship''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003183312/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/learner/worship |date=2015-10-03 }}, Oxford University Press&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeneration+of+the+dead&amp;rft.btitle=worship&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Flearner%2Fworship&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation&quot;&gt;[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/worship ''worship''], Merriam-Webster, Incorporated&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeneration+of+the+dead&amp;rft.btitle=worship&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fworship&amp;rft.pub=Merriam-Webster%2C+Incorporated&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ku phahla indlela yo xixima no hlayisa swikwembu eka vutomi bya swona bya vumoya. Hiswona leswi endlaka leswaku mindzhavuko na vukhongeri byo tala byi yelana emhakeni ya maphahlele. Van'wana va vhakela masirha ya vinyi va vona kumbe swikwembu swin'wana swa vona, naswona va siya swiluva no basisa sirha. Kambe leswi a swi fani na ku gandzela.

== Swihenwa swa ku phahla e Afrika ==
Ku phahla swikwembu ku tolovelekile e Afrika, naswona i xiphemu xa vukhongeri byo tala by ndhzavuko. Swi tatisiwa hi ku pfumela eka xikwembu, hambiswiritano swikhongelo kumbe swikombelo na magandzelo swi nyikeriwa eka swikwembu. Kuphahla swikwembu i xiendlo lexi tolovelekeke eka ma Afrika yotala, naswona hakanyingi va hlanganisa ku phahla swikwembu na vukhongeri lebyi va byi amukeleke bya manguva lawa.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIgor_Kopytoff1997&quot;&gt;Igor Kopytoff (1997), &quot;Ancestors as Elders in Africa&quot;,  in Roy Richard Grinker, Christopher Burghard Steiner, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9hNKkzt1ovEC&amp;pg=PA412 ''Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation''], Blackwell Publishing, ISBN&amp;nbsp;1-55786-686-4&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIgor_Kopytoff1997&quot;&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeneration+of+the+dead&amp;rft.atitle=Ancestors+as+Elders+in+Africa&amp;rft.au=Igor+Kopytoff&amp;rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+Africa%3A+A+Reader+in+Culture%2C+History%2C+and+Representation&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9hNKkzt1ovEC%26pg%3DPA412&amp;rft.isbn=1-55786-686-4&amp;rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/fdtl/ancestors/fortes2.html Some reflections on ancestor workship in Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425103859/http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Fdtl/Ancestors/fortes2.html |date=2009-04-25 }}, Meyer Fortes, ''African Systems of Thought'', pages 122-142, University of Kent.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swiyelanisi ==
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'''Vukhongeri''' i nxaxamela wa [[Ndzhavuko|mindzhavuko]] ya matikhomele, swi endlo, mavonele, matsalwa yo kwetsima, tindzhawu to kwetsima  na mafambisele ya vutomi ya vanhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geertz, C. 1993 pp.87-125&quot;&gt;Geertz, C. (1993) ''Religion as a cultural system''. &lt;/ref&gt; vukhongeri byo hambanahambana byi nga katsa kumbe ku pfumala swiyenge leswi hlanganisaka &quot;Vukwembu&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;James, W. 1902 p. 31&quot;&gt;James, W. (1902) [[iarchive:varietiesreligi02jamegoog|''The Varieties of Religious Experience. '']]&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;swilo leswi kwetsimaka&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Durkheim, E. 1915&quot;&gt;Durkheim, E. (1915) [[iarchive:elementaryformso00durkrich|''The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life'']]. &lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Ripfumelo&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Tillich, P. 1957 p.1&quot;&gt;Tillich, P. (1957) ''Dynamics of faith''. &lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Xivumbiwa kumbe swivumbiwa swa matimba swa moya&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;vergote&quot;&gt;Vergote, A. (1996) ''Religion, belief and unbelief. ''&lt;/ref&gt; kumbe muxaka wokarhi wa &quot;ku nga heli naswona swi tisa matimba eka vutomi.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul James and Peter Mandaville 2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|year=2010|author1=Paul James|author2=Peter Mandaville|lastauthoramp=yes|title=Globalization and Culture, Vol. 2: Globalizing Religions|url=https://www.academia.edu/4416072/Globalization_and_Culture_Vol._2_Globalizing_Religions_editor_with_Peter_Mandaville_Sage_Publications_London_2010|publisher=Sage Publications|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swiendlo swa vukhongeri swinga katsa switoloveto, kuchumayela, switsundzuxo na vugandzeri (bya Xikwembu/Swikwembu), maganzelo, minkhuvo, kuthwasa, mitirho ya rifu, mintirho ya micato, ku khongela, vunanga, kuhlanganisa na mindzhavuko ya vanhu. Vukhongeri byi na matimu yo kwetsima na swiviko. Leswi hlayisiweke eka matsalwa yo kwetsima, na swifungo, na tindzhawu, leswi swi ringetaka ku nyika xivangelo xa vutomi. Vukhongeri byi nga thlela byi va na switori swa xikombiso, leswi van'wana va malandza va tshembaka leswaku  swa ntiyiso, leswi nga na xikongomelo xo hlamusela masungulo ya vutomi, ntumbuluko na swin'wana. Ripfumelo, ehenla ka swivangelo, rivoniwa tanihi xivangelo xa tidyondzo ta Vukhongeri.&lt;ref name=&quot;iep.utm.edu&quot;&gt;Faith and Reason by James Swindal, http://www.iep.utm.edu/faith-re/&lt;/ref&gt; Ku na kwalomu ka 10,000 wa tinxaka ta vukhongeri emisaveni hinkwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author1=African Studies Association|author2=University of Michigan|title=History in Africa|date=2005|page=119|edition=Volume 32}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwalomu ka 84% wa vaaki va misava va pfumela eka yin'we ya nthlanu wa vukhongeri, kunga [[Vukreste]], [[Vusurumani]], Vuhindu, Vubhudha na vukhongeri bya ndzhavuko.&lt;ref name=&quot;EB2012&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuya emahlweni ka nhluvuko na sayensi, ku vangile leswaku vukhongeri byi soriwa ngopfu emanguveni lawa, hambileswi vanhu van'wana vanga pfuleki eka vukhongeri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Global Unaffiliated 12/2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape-unaffiliated.aspx |title=Religiously Unaffiliated |work=The Global Religious Landscape |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]: Religion &amp; Public Life |date=December 18, 2012 |accessdate= |archive-date=July 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730043126/http://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape-unaffiliated.aspx |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tidyondzo ta vukhongeri ti hlanganisa, Vufundhisi, tidyondzo ta sayensi ni vukhongeri. Tidyondzo leti ti hlamusela matumbulukelo na matirhele ya vukhongeri.

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

[[Category:Vukhongeri]]

[[Category:Ndhzavuko]]

== Swiyenge swa kona ==

=== Swipfumelo ===
Masungulo ya ripfumelo ra vukhongeri i xivutiso lexi pfulekeke, lexi nga ni tinhlamuselo leti nga kotekaka ku katsa ni ku lemuka rifu ra munhu hi xiyexe, ku titwa u ri ni vaaki ni milorho. &lt;ref name=&quot;Zeigler&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|last=51–54}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ndhavuko, ripfumelo, ku engetela eka [[ku anakanya]], ri tekiwe tanihi xihlovo xa ripfumelo ra vukhongeri. Ku tirhisana exikarhi ka ripfumelo ni mianakanyo, ni ku tirhisiwa ka swona tanihi nseketelo lowu voniwaka wa ripfumelo ra vukhongeri, swi ve mhaka leyi tsakeriwaka hi vativi va filosofi ni vafundhisi. 

=== Ntsheketo ===
[[File:Kurukshetra.jpg|thumb|Tsalwa ra voko leri kombisaka Nyimpi ya Kurukshetra leyi nga ni nhlohlorhi eka xitlhokovetselo xa Mahindu lexi vuriwaka ''[[Mahabharata]]'' . ''Mahabharata'' i xitlhokovetselo xo leha ku tlula hinkwaswo leswi tiviwaka naswona i xihlovo xa nkoka xa ntsheketo wa Mahindu .]]

Rito leri ''nge ntsheketo'' ri ni tinhlamuselo to hlayanyana:

# Xitori xa ndhavuko xa swiendlakalo leswi vonakaka swi ri swa matimu lexi tirhaka ku paluxa xiphemu xa langutelo ra misava ra vanhu kumbe ku hlamusela mukhuva, ripfumelo kumbe xiendlakalo xa ntumbuluko;
# Munhu kumbe nchumu lowu nga na vukona lebyi ehleketiwaka ntsena kumbe lebyi nga tiyisisiwiki; kumbe
# Xifaniso xa vuswikoti bya moya eka munhu. 

Vukhongeri bya khale bya swikwembu swo tala, byo tanihi bya le Greece, Rhoma na Scandinavia, hi ntolovelo byi hambanisiwa ehansi ka nhloko-mhaka leyi nge ntsheketo . Vukhongeri bya vanhu va le mahlweni ka tiindasitiri, kumbe [[Ndzhavuko|mindhavuko]] leyi nga eku hluvukeni, hi ku fanana yi vuriwa mintsheketo eka ntivo-vutomi bya vukhongeri . Rito leri nge ntsheketo ri nga tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo nyenyetsa hi vanhu va vukhongeri ni lava nga riki va vukhongeri. Hi ku hlamusela switori swa vukhongeri bya munhu un’wana na ripfumelo ra yena tanihi ntsheketo, munhu u vula leswaku a hi swa xiviri kumbe ntiyiso ku tlula switori na ripfumelo ra yena ra vukhongeri. Joseph Campbell u vule leswaku, &quot;Ntsheketo wu tala ku tekiwa tanihi vukhongeri ''bya vanhu van'wana'', naswona vukhongeri byi nga hlamuseriwa tanihi ntsheketo lowu hlamuseriweke hi ndlela yo biha.&quot; 

Kambe eka ntivo-vutomi, rito leri nge ntsheketo ri ni nhlamuselo leyi nga riki ya ku rhuketela. Kwalaho, ntsheketo wu hlamuseriwa tanihi xitori lexi nga xa nkoka eka ntlawa, hambi xi ri ntiyiso hi xikongomelo kumbe hi ndlela leyi tiyisisiwaka kumbe e-e.  Swikombiso swi katsa ku pfuxiwa ka musunguri wa vona wa xiviri Yesu, leswi, eka Vakriste, swi hlamuselaka ndlela leyi va ntshunxiwaka ha yona eka xidyoho, swi fanekisela matimba ya vutomi ehenhla ka rifu, naswona ku tlhela ku vuriwa leswaku i xiendlakalo xa matimu. Kambe hi ku ya hi langutelo ra ntsheketo, loko xiendlakalo lexi xi humelerile hakunene kumbe e-e a hi swa nkoka. Ematshan’weni ya sweswo, ku fanekisela ka rifu ra vutomi bya khale ni ku sungula ka vutomi lebyintshwa i swa nkoka swinene. Vapfumeri va vukhongeri va nga ha amukela tinhlamuselo to tano to fanekisela kumbe va nga ti amukeli.

=== Mikhuva ===
Mikhuva ya vukhongeri yi nga katsa mihivahivana, tidyondzo, ku tsundzuka kumbe ku xixima xikwembu (xikwembu kumbe xikwembu xa xisati ), magandzelo, minkhuvo, minkhuvo, ku rhurhumela, ku sunguriwa, mintirho ya xilahlo, [[Vukati|minhlangano ya vukati]], ku anakanyisisa, xikhongelo, vuyimbeleri bya vukhongeri, vutshila bya vukhongeri, byo kwetsima ncino, vutirheli bya mfumo, kumbe swiyenge swin’wana swa ndhavuko wa vanhu. 

=== Nhlangano wa ntshamisano ===
Vukhongeri byi na xisekelo xa vaaki, tani hi ndhavuko lowu hanyaka lowu rhwariweke hi vatekaxiave lava nga riki vafundhisi, kumbe na vafundhisi lava hlelekeke, na nhlamuselo ya leswi vumbeke ku namarhela kumbe ku va xirho.</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#invoke:photo montage|montage}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="75" sha1="decxcsz9k9kff8get7ip5ptrq2c98tp" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:photo montage|montage}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Module:Photo montage</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- implements [[template:photomontage]] local p = {}   local function isnotempty(s) 	return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end  local function photomontage( frame ) 	lo...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3788" sha1="5sw8jp4afsnnpjfwaygn5ovrwbwdda2" xml:space="preserve">-- implements [[template:photomontage]]
local p = {}
 
local function isnotempty(s)
	return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= ''
end

local function photomontage( frame )
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local size = tonumber(args['size'] or '200') or 200
	local border = tonumber(args['border'] or '1') or 1
	local spacing = tonumber(args['spacing'] or '1') or 1
	local color = args['color'] or 'black'
	local color_border = args['color_border'] or 'black'
	local position = (args['position'] or ''):lower()
	local caption = args['text'] or ''
	local text_background = isnotempty(args['text_background']) and args['text_background'] or '#F8F8FF'
	local foot_montage = args['foot_montage'] or ''
	local lastnum = nil
	local rownum = nil
	local floatstyle = nil
	if( position == 'left' or position == 'right' or position == 'none') then
		floatstyle = 'float:' .. position
	elseif( position == 'center' or position == 'centre' ) then
		floatstyle = 'margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;'
	end
	if isnotempty(foot_montage) then
		local div = mw.html.create('div')
		div:css('font-size', 'smaller')
			:wikitext(foot_montage)
		foot_montage = '\n' .. tostring(div)
	end

	local lettertonumber = { 
		a = '01', b = '02',	c = '03', d = '04',	e = '05', f = '06',	g = '07',
		h = '08', i = '09',	j = '10', k = '11',	l = '12', m = '13',	n = '14',
		o = '15', p = '16',	q = '17', r = '18', s = '19', t = '20', u = '21',
		v = '22', w = '23', x = '26', y = '27', z = '28' }
	local letters = {
		'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm',
		'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'
		}

	-- find all the nonempty photo numbers
	local photos = {}
	local photocount = 0
	for k, v in pairs( args ) do
		local i = tonumber(tostring(k):match( '^%s*photo([%d]+)[a-z]%s*$' ) or '0')
		if( i &gt; 0 and isnotempty(v) ) then
			local c = lettertonumber[tostring(k):match( '^%s*photo[%d]+([a-z])%s*$' )]
			table.insert( photos, tonumber(i .. '.' .. c ) )
			photocount = photocount + 1
		end
	end
	-- sort the photo numbers
	table.sort(photos)
	
	-- compute the number of the photos in each row
	local count = {}
	lastnum = -1
	rownum = 0
	for k=1,photocount do
		local num = math.floor(photos[k])
		if(num == lastnum) then
			count[rownum] = count[rownum] + 1
		else
			rownum = rownum + 1
			count[rownum] = 1
		end
		lastnum = num
	end

	if(photocount &gt; 0) then
	-- start table
	root = mw.html.create('table')
	root
		:css('background-color', color)
		:css('border-collapse', 'collapse')
		:css('border', border .. 'px solid ' .. color_border)
		:css('width', size .. 'px')
		:cssText(floatstyle)
	local innercell = root
		:tag('tr')
			:tag('td')
				:css('border-top', 0)
				:css('padding', spacing .. 'px 0 0 ' .. spacing .. 'px')
 
	-- loop over the photos
	lastnum = -1
	rownum = 0
	local row
	for k=1,photocount do
		local num = math.floor(photos[k])
		local c = letters[math.floor(0.5 + 100*(photos[k] - num))]
		if(num ~= lastnum) then
			rownum = rownum + 1
			row = innercell
				:tag('table')
					:css('background-color', color)
					:css('border-collapse', 'collapse')
						:tag('tr')
		end
		local image = string.format( '[[File:%s|%dpx]]',
			args['photo' .. num .. c],
			(size - spacing*(count[rownum] - 1))/count[rownum] )
		row
			:tag('td')
				:css('border-top', 0)
				:css('padding', '0 ' .. spacing .. 'px ' .. spacing .. 'px ' .. '0')
				:wikitext(image)
		lastnum = num
	end
	if isnotempty(caption) then
		root
			:tag('tr')
				:tag('td')
					:addClass('thumbcaption')
					:css('background-color', text_background)
					:css('font-size', '88%')
					:wikitext(caption)
	end
	-- end table
	end
	
    return tostring(root or '') .. foot_montage
end

function p.montage( frame )
    return photomontage( frame )
end
 
return p</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bibele</title>
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      <text bytes="2738" sha1="29reukvid5ig4o4b6jdl2gjeyz6upal" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg_Bible,_Lenox_Copy,_New_York_Public_Library,_2009._Pic_01.jpg|thumb|250px|Xifaniso xa Bhibhele ya Gutenberg, Bhibhele yo sungula ke kandziyisiwa.]]

'''Bibele''' (Kusuka eka xiGriki τὰ βιβλία, ''tà biblía'', &quot;Ti buku&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Bible: the making and impact on the Bible a history.|edition=|last=Miller &amp; Huber|first=Stephen &amp; Robert|year=2003|publisher=Lion Hudson|location=England|isbn=0-7459-5176-7|page=21}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) i nxaxamelo wa matsalwa yo kwetsima ya xiyuda na vukreste. I nxaxamelo ya matsalwa la ma tsariweke hi minkarhi yo hambana hambana, hi vatsari vo hambana hambana, e ti ndzhawini to hambana hambana. Mayuda na Vakreste vateka tibuku leti nge Bibeleni tani hi rhekhodo ya nkoka leyi sukaka eka xikwembu leyi hlamuselaka vuxaka exikarhi ka vanhu na Xikwembu.

Ti Bibele leti kandziyisiweke ta hambana nyana hi kuya hi vuhundzuluxeri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Bible: A Very Short introduction|edition=|last=Riches|first=John|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-285343-1|pages=7–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Testamende ya khale ya Xikreste yi yelana na Bibele ya Xiheveru, kasi Testamende leyintshwa yi yelana na Septuagint ya xigriki; Bibele ya xiheveru eka vukhongeri bya xiyuda yi vitiwa Tanakh.

Kuna mavonele na matitwele yo hambana hambana exikarhi ka mintlawa ya vukreste mayelana na Bibele. Varhoma Katolika, Va Anglikani na Va Vuotodoksi va tshikelela ku twanana na ntikelo wa Bibele ku  ri mukhuva wo kwetsima, kasi Maphrotestanti ma tshikelela leswaku Bibele yiri yoxe ntsena hi yona yinga ya nkoka eka vukhoneri bya vukreste.

Ku ringanisiwa leswaku ku xavisiwe kwalomu ka 5 wa tibiliyoni ta ti Bibele, leswi endlaka yiva buku leyi xaviweke ngopfu ya nkarhi hinkwawo.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/best-selling-book-of-non-fiction &quot;Best selling book of non-fiction&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;Ryken, Leland. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ku xavisiwa kwalomu ka tikhopi ta 100 wa timiliyoni hi lembe,&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news&quot;&gt;[http://www.economist.com/node/10311317?story_id=10311317&amp;CFID=3289446&amp;CFTOKEN=a87381115ea0752-5130AD65-B27C-BB00-012B3B9A581DD567 &quot;The battle of the books&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RussellAsh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ash, Russell|authorlink=Russell Ash|title=Top 10 of Everything 2002|year=2001|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|isbn=0-7894-8043-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona yi na nhlohlotelo lowu kulu eka vutsari na matimu, ngopfu ngopfu e vupela-dyambu laha Bibele ya Gutenberg yi veke buku buku yo sungula ku gandlisiwa hi xitalo.

== Swyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

* [https://www.jw.org/ts/layiburari/bibele/ Bibele]

[[Category:Vukhongeri]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nkwakwa</title>
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      <text bytes="3896" sha1="350ch9nlncckc92uv4hx1go6wfvhqmy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nkwakwa
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Strychnos madagascariensis (4337703118).jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = [[Makwakwa]]
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mafurha]]{{·}}[[Timongo]]
}}

'''''Nkwakwa''''', ('''Strychnos madagascariensis''', Hi kuya hi xi Griki) i nsinya lowu kumekaka e dzongeni ra Afrika, e vupela-dyambu bya Afrika, na le [[Madagascar]]. Hambileswi nsinya lowu wu nga kuriki wu leha, kambe wu anamisa magaca ya wona lama hlayeke. Mihandzu ya wona wu nandzika ngopfu, naswona tinyunge ta muhandzu lowu, tinga tirhisiwa ku basisi mati.&lt;ref&gt;http://plants.jstor.org/flora/fz5563&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?451201 |access-date=2016-06-21 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153828/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?451201 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nsinya lowu wuna matluka ya vurhendzevutana naswona yathlela ya olova no va na voya, naswona wu hava mi mintwa, hambi leswi wunga languteka wu ri na mimintwa hile kule. Mihandzu ya wona yi vupfa exikarhi ka [[Hukuri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 2&lt;/ref&gt;, yi na muvala wa xitshopana naswona wu tele vitamin C na Citric Acid, naswona wu rhandziwa ngopfu hi vanhu na timfenhe, hi swona leswi endlaka wu toloveleka ku vitiwa hi xinghezi leswaku i &quot;Monkey Orange&quot;. Endzeni ka makwakwa kuna tinyunge leyi khomeke timongo. Timongo ta makwakwa ti na vufungu na swona ta dlaya.

Tinyunge ta makwakwa a titirhisiwa ku ringela tihlampfi, hikwalaho ka leswi tinga na vuxungu. Vanhu a va gayela tinyunge ivi va ti haxa e matini laha ku ngana tihlampfi, endzhaku ka nkarhi, tihlampfu leti feke ti sungula ku tlakuka ti ta ehenhla ka mati. Ndlela leyi yo ringela, yi yirisiwile e matikweni yo tala hi kwalaho ka vuxungu lebyi dlayaka swiharhi swotala ematini. Tihlampfi leti khomiwaka hi ndlela leyi, ti fanele ku swekiwa leswaku vuxungu byi hela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantqrs/strychnosmad.htm |access-date=2016-06-21 |archive-date=2016-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622030015/http://plantzafrica.com/plantqrs/strychnosmad.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.co.za/books?id=3gArh53luyAC&amp;pg=PT9&amp;lpg=PT9&amp;dq=Strychnos+madagascariensis&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=tK418506U2&amp;sig=Qf7yZ5x8Q1OperKI-mrTZYuZIPo&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=gJLiUdDqA8OQhQepxIC4Aw&amp;ved=0CNwBEOgBMCA &quot;Annotated Bibliography of Strychnos (1990-2004)&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ya makwakwa ==
Hikuya hi Henri Junod, makwakwa ama tirhisiwa ku endla floro (mapa), hindlela leyi landzelaka:

 ''Muhandzu lowu rhendzeleke tinyunge, wu swekiwa hindlela yo karhi ivi wu avanyisiwa hi ti nyhasi, leti anekiwaka e misinyeni leswaku ti oma naswoma ti hundzuku mimfuma. Mimfuma leyi omisiwake, ya gayiwa yi endliwa mapa, lama hlayisiwaka leswaku ku swekiwa hi wona loko nguva yo tshovela mavele yitshika yi hlwela.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric02junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 2, Page 17&lt;/ref&gt;

Junod, u ya e mahlweni a hlamusela swiyilana leswi a swi fambisana na malayisele ya makwakwa:

''Tinyunge ta makwakwa, ti tiviwa ti vitana rihati, hi kuvula ka vakhegula va tiko. Loko ku endliwa Mfuma, tinyunge ta makwakwa a ti fanelanga ku tshikiwa e rivaleni, hi kuva ti ta vanga tilo na rihati.''&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric02junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 2, Page 17&lt;/ref&gt;

==Swiyelanisi==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya]]
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bushbuckridge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4532</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28718</id>
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      <timestamp>2016-06-23T10:06:03Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mafulengeta</username>
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      <comment>Added a new paragraph.</comment>
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      <text bytes="1852" sha1="50mcg9d39morf9jm1li1hk5uf9gdain" xml:space="preserve">'''Bushbuckridge''' (Xibunu&amp;#x3A;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;af&quot;&gt;''Bosbokrand''&lt;/span&gt;) i xidorobana ehansi ka Masipala wa Mugaga wa Bushbuckridge, ekaXifundza xa [[:en:Ehlanzeni_District_Municipality|Ehlanzeni]], Mpumalanga, [[Afrika-Dzonga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/877105 &quot;Main Place Bushbuckridge&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Vito ra Bushbuck Ridge ri nyikiwile hikwalaho ko va ku kumekile mitlhambi leyikulu ya timhunti endhawini leyi hi kwalomu ka malembe ya va1880, na le goveni leri tivekaka ngopfu ra  WNW-ESE edzongavuxa bya xiphemu xa masipala lowu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.salanguages.com/munnames.htm South African Languages - Place names]&lt;/ref&gt; Xidorobana xa Bushbuckridge xi kurisiwile ematlhelo ka vhengele leri pfuriweke hi 1884.

Tindhawu ta malokixi na switandi leswi nga edzongeni wa Bushbuckridge swi vumba &quot;doroba ra xiyimo xa le henhla&quot; leri vitaniwaka Bushbuckridge NU (ku ya maavelo ya tindhawu eka ku hlayiwa ka vanhu) hi 2011 population of 1070, vuandlalo bya &lt;span&gt;1,587.56 square kilometres (613&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;sq&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;mi)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frith 877008&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/877008 &quot;Bushbuckridge NU Sub Place from Census 2011&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Sweswi (2016) xidorobana lexi xi na mavhengele ya xiyimo xa la henhla  (ya swiambalo, swingolongondzwana swa le ndlwini, swakudya na swin'wana na swin'wana), tibangi letikulu ta Afrika-Dzonga, swofamba (tithekisi na mabazi) leswi lawuriwaka hi mfanelo na tikamara ta madokodela ya meno, ya mahlo na ya vutshunguri bya mavabyi yan'wana hi ku angarhela. Hikwalaho ka migingiriko ya Masipala wa ndhawu mapatu ya antswisiwile. leswi swi hungutile na nhlayo ya tinghozi ta mimovha kumbe swofamba leti a ti koxa vutomi bya vanhu.  

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kwangalatilo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1444" sha1="66lohk5l7mnpe9etljqulichhm27yk2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Mi Nkwangalatilo yimbirhi.]]
'''Kwangalatilo''' i xiendlakala xa le mpfhukeni xa maxele, lexi endlekaka loko mathonsi ya mati ma kavanyeta miseve ya dyambu, na swona ma hambanisa mivala ya miseve leyi. Nkwangalatilo wu vumbeka wu va xiphemu xa xirhendzevutana e mpfhukeni was tilo. Nkwangalatilo wu voneka ntsena loko u langutisa u fularhele dyambu.

Minkwangalatilo yingava xirhendzevutana, kambe hi kota ku vona xiphemu ntsena kuya hi mathonsi ya [[mati]] lawa mange mpfhukeni was tilo.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/the-360degree-rainbow &quot;Dr. Jeff Masters Rainbow Site&quot;].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARainbow&amp;rft.btitle=Dr.+Jeff+Masters+Rainbow+Site&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wunderground.com%2Fblog%2FJeffMasters%2Fthe-360degree-rainbow&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

Eka nkwangalatilo wo sungula, xiphemu xa xirhendzevutana xi na muvala wa [[wasi]] endzeni, naswona muvala wale handle wuva wo[[tshwuka]]. &lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;33&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Eka mikwangalatilo yimbirhi leyi thlandlamanaka, nkwangalatilo wa vumbirhi wukumeka ehenhla ka lowosungula naswona mivala yawona yi hundzulukile, lowo tshwuka wule ndzeni ka xirhendzevutana, ivi lowa wasi wuva le henhla/handle.

== Swyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Khisimusi</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6560" sha1="qigmgvnimofkb8q3rauldkh1whkh35r" xml:space="preserve">'''Khisimusi''' i nkhuvo wo tlangela ku tswariwa ka Yesu Kreste, ka lembe na lembe,&lt;ref&gt;yelanisii

yiye[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/christmas mas], ''Merriam-Webster''. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CathChrit&quot;&gt;Martindale, Cyril Charles.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03724b.htm &quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; naswona nkhuvo lowu wu khomiwa hi siku ra vu 25 eka N'wendzamhala&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan7&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;Ramzy, John. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;altdays&quot;&gt;Several branches of Eastern Christianity that use the Julian calendar also celebrate on December 25 according to that calendar, which is now January 7 on the Gregorian calendar. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;4Dates&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/bethlehem-christmas &quot;Christmas in Bethlehem&quot;].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas&amp;rft.btitle=Christmas+in+Bethlehem&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-destinations.com%2Fisrael%2Fbethlehem-christmas&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/ref&gt; naswona wu tlangeriwa hi kwalomu ka tibiliyoni ta vanhu emisaveni hinkwayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NonXiansUSA&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.gallup.com/poll/113566/us-christmas-not-just-christians.aspx &quot;In the U.S., Christmas Not Just for Christians&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-christians/ &quot;The Global Religious Landscape | Christians&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gallup122410&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.gallup.com/poll/145367/christmas-strongly-religious-half-celebrate.aspx &quot;Christmas Strongly Religious For Half in U.S. Who Celebrate It&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Evu pela-dyambu, nkhuvo lowu wu tlangeriwa masiku ya 12 kunga si fika siku ravu 25, naswona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Forbes&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Forbes|first=Bruce David|title=Christmas: A Candid History|date=October 1, 2008|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=9780520258020|page=27|quote=In 567 the Council of Tours proclaimed that the entire period between Christmas and Epiphany should be considered part of the celebration, creating what became known as the twelve days of Christmas, or what the English called Christmastide. On the last of the twelve days, called Twelfth Night, various cultures developed a wide range of additional special festivities. The variation extends even to the issue of how to count the days. If Christmas Day is the first of the twelve days, then Twelfth Night would be on January 5, the eve of Epiphany. If December 26, the day after Christmas, is the first day, then Twelfth Night falls on January 6, the evening of Epiphany itself. After Christmas and Epiphany were in place, on December 25 and January 6, with the twelve days of Christmas in between, Christians gradually added a period called Advent, as a time of spiritual preparation leading up to Christmas.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siku ra khisimusi i siku rohumula e matikweni yo tala,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/jfa-ha/index-eng.cfm Canadian Heritage – Public holidays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124102246/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/jfa-ha/index-eng.cfm |date=2009-11-24 }} – ''Government of Canada''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.opm.gov/Operating_Status_Schedules/fedhol/2009.asp 2009 Federal Holidays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116140821/http://www.opm.gov/Operating_Status_Schedules/fedhol/2009.asp |date=2013-01-16 }} – ''U.S. Office of Personnel Management''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_073741 Bank holidays and British Summer time] – ''HM Government''. &lt;/ref&gt; naswona ritlangeriwa na hi vanhu votala lava vangariki vakreste,&lt;ref name=&quot;nonXians&quot;&gt;[http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/entertainment/scripts/multifaith_christmas.pdf Christmas as a Multi-faith Festival]—BBC News. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1100842/Why-I-celebrate-Christmas-worlds-famous-atheist.html Why I celebrate Christmas, by the world's most famous atheist] – ''Daily Mail''. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/lifestyles/leisure/article_9914761e-ce50-11de-98cf-001cc4c03286.html Non-Christians focus on secular side of Christmas] – ''Sioux City Journal''. &lt;/ref&gt; hambi leswi swiyenge swin'wana swa vukreste swi nga fambisaniki na nkhuvo lowu. E matikweni man'wana siku leri thlandlamiwaka hi ra Khisimusi, ri tlangeriwa hi ku nyikana tinyikona ku tsakela swakudya swa ndyangu.

Hambileswi siku na n'weti ya tswariwa ka Yesu yinga tiviwiki, hi lembe-xidzana ra vumune, Kereke ya vukreste ya vupela-dyambu yi simekile siku ra ti 25 ta N'wendzamhala tani hi siku ro tswariwa,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books/about/Sourcebook_for_Sundays_Seasons_and_Weekd.html?id=kQWbWCXMGQgC] Sourcebook for Sundays, Seasons, and Weekdays 2011: The Almanac for Pastoral Liturgy by Corinna Laughlin, Michael R. Prendergast, Robert C. Rabe, Corinna Laughlin, Jill Maria Murdy, Therese Brown, Mary Patricia Storms, Ann E. Degenhard, Jill Maria Murdy, Ann E. Degenhard, Therese Brown, Robert C. Rabe, Mary Patricia Storms, Michael R. Prendergast – LiturgyTrainingPublications, March 26, 2010 – page 29&lt;/ref&gt; siku leri rivuye ri amukeriwa nale vuxa-dyambu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chrono354&quot;&gt;[http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/chronography_of_354_12_depositions_martyrs.htm The Chronography of 354 AD.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SusanKOrigins&quot;&gt;Roll, Susan K., ''[https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=6MXPEMbpjoAC&amp;pg=PA133&amp;lpg=PA133&amp;dq=&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Toward the Origins of Christmas]'', (Peeters Publishers, 1995), p.133.&lt;/ref&gt; Namunthla, vakreste votala va tlangela siku leri. Hambiswiritano, tikereke tin'wana tale vuxa-dyambu byi tlangela siku leri hikuya hi Alimanaka ya khale, naswona kunga siku ravu 7 eka Sunguti. Kuhambana loku ku vangiwa hi kutirisa ti Alimanaka to hambana. Siku leri swinga endleka leswaku ri yelana na kuhela ka tin'weti ra nkaye kusuka eka siku leri vakreste vakhale va tshembeke leswaku angava a xurhiwile harona.&lt;ref name=&quot;bib-arch.org&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;McGowan, Andrew. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Touchstone&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Tighe|first1=William J.|title=Calculating Christmas|journal=[[Touchstone (magazine)|Touchstone]]|year=2003|volume=16|issue=10|url=http://touchstonemag.com/archives/article.php?id=16-10-012-v}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ref&quot; id=&quot;cxcite_ref-27&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

[[Category:Vukhongeri]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pfilu</title>
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      <text bytes="4899" sha1="r6qewpi88aujzwj4l0bjshg4fcutr55" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Pfilu
| title                      = Swakudya swa nhova
| image                      = [[Image:Vangueria infausta, habitus, Pretoria.jpg||250px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = [[Mapfilwa]]
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mapfilwa]]{{·}}[[Timongo]]
}}

'''Pfillu''' (''Vangueria infausta''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?70820 &quot;USDA GRIN Taxonomy&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924155532/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?70820 |date=2015-09-24 }}.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVangueria+infausta&amp;rft.btitle=USDA+GRIN+Taxonomy&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars-grin.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnpgs%2Fhtml%2Ftaxon.pl%3F70820&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kumbe ''Africanmedlar''), i muhlovo wa nsinya lowu tswalaka muhandzu wo fana na mu-Apula, naswona wu kumeka e Dzongeni wa tiko-nkulu ra Afrika. Muhandzu wa nsinya owu wu dyeka. Swayila ku tirhisa tihunyi ta Pfilu ku endla ndzilo, eka tinxaka ta le Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;sappi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=Val|title=Sappi tree spotting: Highlands: Highveld, Drakensberg, Eastern Cape mountains|year=2001|publisher=Jacana|location=Johannesburg|isbn=978-1-77009-561-8|page=264|edition=3rd|coauthors=Rina Grant; illustrations: Joan van Gogh; photographs: Jaco Adendorff}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
== Nhlamuselo ==
Nsinya lowu wukomile loko wu ringanisiwa na misinya yin'wana, hambi leswi wukulaka ku fika eka 8 wa timitara hi kuleha naswona wu na marhavi yo devyela e hansi.&lt;ref name=&quot;sappi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=Val|title=Sappi tree spotting: Highlands: Highveld, Drakensberg, Eastern Cape mountains|year=2001|publisher=Jacana|location=Johannesburg|isbn=978-1-77009-561-8|page=264|edition=3rd|coauthors=Rina Grant; illustrations: Joan van Gogh; photographs: Jaco Adendorff}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;93&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Mu handzu wa nsinya lowu wuvitiwa '''''Pfilwa,''''' naswona i wa ri hlaza loko wa hari mbisi. Pfilu i ra xirhendzevutana naswona ira vuhlaza bya nsuku loko rivupfile hinkarhi wa ximumu.

== Range ==
Nsinya lowu wu kumeka hixitalo emakwhatini ya nyaka, makhwati ya tihunyi na ndzawu  ya swinkovana, e Dzongeni na Vuxa-Dyambu bya tiko-nkulu ra Afrika, e Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Malawi, Mozambhiki, Zimbambwe, Namibia, Botswana na Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;agro&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A (2009). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;118&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

== Mitirhiselo ==
Nsinya lowu i xihlovo xa swakudya ematikweni-xikaya ya Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|authorlink=|author=National Research Council|editor=|others=|title=Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits|url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879|format=|accessdate=2008-08-01|edition=|series=Lost Crops of Africa|volume=3|date=2008-01-25|publisher=National Academies Press|location=|isbn=978-0-309-10596-5|oclc=|doi=|id=|pages=|chapter=Medlars|chapterurl=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879&amp;page=301|quote=|ref=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mapfilwa madyeka manga swekiwanga, kumbe manga omisiwa naswona maswekiwa, kasi timongo tawona ta katingeka naswona ta dyeka.&lt;ref name=&quot;agro&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A (2009). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Matluka ya kona ma rhandziwa ngopfu hi timbuti na swiharhi swin'wana.&lt;ref name=&quot;sappi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=Val|title=Sappi tree spotting: Highlands: Highveld, Drakensberg, Eastern Cape mountains|year=2001|publisher=Jacana|location=Johannesburg|isbn=978-1-77009-561-8|page=264|edition=3rd|coauthors=Rina Grant; illustrations: Joan van Gogh; photographs: Jaco Adendorff}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;agro&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A (2009). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Matluka na timintsu ta wona ti tirhisiwa ngopfu hi tin'ganga.&lt;ref name=&quot;sappi&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=Val|title=Sappi tree spotting: Highlands: Highveld, Drakensberg, Eastern Cape mountains|year=2001|publisher=Jacana|location=Johannesburg|isbn=978-1-77009-561-8|page=264|edition=3rd|coauthors=Rina Grant; illustrations: Joan van Gogh; photographs: Jaco Adendorff}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;agro&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A (2009). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Vangueria infausta, loof, Walter Sisulu NBT.jpg|Matluka ya pfilu
File:Acalitus mallyi-mytgalle op Vangueria infausta, Pretoria.jpg|wsirhumbana swa matluka
File:Vangueria infausta, blomme, Schanskop, b.jpg|swiluva swa pfilu
File:Vangueria infausta, vrug, Schanskop.jpg|Pfilwa
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rihati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4536</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38904</id>
      <parentid>36400</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-09-01T18:10:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JeanWiki27</username>
        <id>10891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fixed a spelling error</comment>
      <origin>38904</origin>
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      <text bytes="1898" sha1="lzmbc6tsccgaxc6h9ftk2m5u9r7oij7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Blitze_IMGP6376_wp.jpg|right|thumb|Rihati e xikarhi ka Ximbhembhe.]]
'''Rihati''' ri vangiwa hi ku chika ka ndzilo wa gezi lowu kumekaka loko marifu mambirhi ma hlangana. Mpfumawulo wa rihati wa hlwela ku fika, loko wu ringanisiwa na rivilo ra [[rivoningo]] ra rihati.

== Hi ku angarhela ==
Rihati ti ba misava kwalomu ka marhengu ya 40 - 50, sekondo yin'wana na yin'wana, leswi vulaka leswaku ri ba misava kwalomu ka 1.4 wa tibiliyoni hi lembe.&lt;ref name=&quot;EncyWorldClim freq&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-mwbAsxpRr0C&amp;pg=PA452|title=Encyclopedia of World Climatology|accessdate=February 8, 2009|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|author=Oliver, John E.|isbn=978-1-4020-3264-6|date=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/lightning2.html &quot;Lightning&quot;]. ''gsu.edu''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuna swivangelo swo tala leswi nga vangaka rihati naswona swi vangelo leswi swa hambana kuya hi tindzhawu ta misava. Swi vangelo leswi swi nga ha hlanganisa magonyele ya ndzhawu, mahungele ya moya, mberha na [[mpfhuka]] exikarhi ka ndzhawu na nambu kumbe mati.

Rihati hakanyingi ri vangiwa hi loko moya wo kufumela wu himana na moya wo titimela, naswona swi vanga ku dzolongana ka xibhakabhaka. Rihati ringa ha vangiwa na hi ximbhembhe, kumbe ximusi xa mindzilo ya nhova, hambi ku ri vuxika.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/02/100203-volcanoes-lightning/ New Lightning Type Found Over Volcano?]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/1998/98_06_11.html &quot;Bench collapse sparks lightning, roiling clouds&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114172155/http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/1998/98_06_11.html |date=2012-01-14 }}. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Maxelo]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Maxelo</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <timestamp>2016-07-01T13:20:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Milala</title>
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    <id>4539</id>
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        <username>BRPever</username>
        <id>4333</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/81.91.142.124|81.91.142.124]] ([[User talk:81.91.142.124|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3000" sha1="aymtdrn06v71jdhbpq39pyvbsw314p5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nkwakwa
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Raphia_australis_03_09_2010.JPG||200px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = [[Tshurha]]
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mafurha]]{{·}}[[byala]]{{·}}[[Tinhlamalala]]
}}

'''Milala ''' kumbe '''Ncindzu''' (Raphia australis), i nsinya lowu tiviwaka hi ku humesa Vusurha (byala byo basa) naswona wu kumekaka e ribuweni ra Kosi e Mozambhiki na Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Hilton-Taylor, C. ''et al.'' 1998, [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/30359/all ''Raphia australis''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924005519/http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/30359/all |date=2008-09-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsinya lowu wu le nghozini yo nyamalala leswi wu tsemiweke ngopfu, hiswona leswi vangeleke ribuwa ra Kosi ri sirheleriwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Plantz Afrika, [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/30359/all ''Raphia australis''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924005519/http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/30359/all |date=2008-09-24 }}, Accessed 2010-02-11&lt;/ref&gt;

== Byala bya Vusurha ==
Hikuya hi Henri Junod, Vatsonga a va teka nkarhi wavona ku pfelerisa byala bya Vusurha eka minsinya ya milala, ngopfungopfu a Pessene e Komati Poort, laha a tshameke nkarhinyana kona. Junod uhlamusele ndlela leyi byala lebyi abyi hlengeletiwa hayona:

 &quot;Khwati a ri tsemewa hi kuya hi tindhuna ta tiko, naswona ndhuna yin'wana na yin'wana yi hlengeleta Vusurha eka milala leyi nga e khwatini ra yona. Nsinya wa Mulala wuvatliwa hi le henhla, ivi andzhaku ka masiku yamune, wu ta vatliwa wu byekela ivi ku tsimbiwa xikhudya xankwakwa, leswaku xi hlengeleta Vusurha bya milala. Loko xikhudya xitele, n'wini wa xona u xiteka axihalatela eka Jomela ra yena ri kala ritala.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric02junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 2, Pages 40-42&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuxurha lebyi abyi hlayisiwa eka Jomela leri a ri vitiwa gandzelo. Swa yila ku khoma xikhudya, unwa hi xona. Munhu loyi a kumekaka ari kunweni eka xikhudya a a hlamuriwa hindlela leyi landzelaka:

    {{quote box|width = 450px|quote=&quot;Xana hova nyoxi, leswi ungo nwa xikhudya xa vanhu?&quot;|source=A.H Junod}}

Loko a kumeka hindlela leyi, a a bohiwa mavoko na milenge ivi a tshikiwa e handle vusiku hinkwabyo, rikala rixa leswaku a khatisiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric02junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 2, Page 42&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tingula ta Xitsonga ==
Matluka ya milala yi vitiwa Tinhlamalala, naswona ma tirhisiwa ngopfu ku rhunga tingula to hambana hambana. Junod uhlamusele ndlela leyi tinhlamalala ti omisiwaka naswona tithlela ti lovekiwa eka mivala yo hambana hambana. 

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nkuwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4540</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30628</id>
      <parentid>29426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-10-27T15:51:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2892" sha1="0tm7pd4h3tw2t16khhendxhu48f1gyx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nkuwa
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[Image:Ficus sur, volgroeid, Louwsburg.jpg||250px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = [[Makuwa]]
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Makuwa]]{{·}}[[Timongo]]
}}
[[File:Ficus sur, ryp vyetros, b, Louwsburg.jpg|270px|right|Makuwa]]

'''Nkuwa '''kumbe Nkuwa wa le Kapa (''Ficus sur'')&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Aswitwisiseke leswaku vito leri risukela kwihi. &lt;/ref&gt; i nsinya lowu kumekaka ngopfu e tikweni-nkulu ra Afrika. Ninya lowu wu tshamaka wu tsakile lembe hinkwaro naswona wu kula hi xihatla&lt;ref name=&quot;fvb&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Von Breitenbach|first=F.|title=Southern Cape Tree Guide|year=1985|publisher=Dept. of Environment Affairs: Forestry|location=Pretoria|isbn=0-621-09741-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku fikelela kwalomu ka timitara ta 5 ku ya fika eka 12,&lt;ref name=&quot;apd&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?langue=an&amp;id=24149 &quot;''Ficus sur'' Forssk.&quot;]&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kcp&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Palgrave|first=K.C.|title=Trees of Southern Africa|year=1984|publisher=Struik|location=Cape Town|isbn=0-86977-081-0|page=105}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona yin'wana ya yona yinga kula ku fikela eka 35 kya eka 40 wa timitara hi kuleha.&lt;ref name=&quot;apd&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?langue=an&amp;id=24149 &quot;''Ficus sur'' Forssk.&quot;]&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;plantz&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;Hankey, Andrew (2003). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Nsinya lowu kula ivi wu endla ndzhuti wo anama.&lt;ref name=&quot;plantz&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;Hankey, Andrew (2003). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Nsinya lowu wu tswala makuwa yohlaya eka rhavi rin'we, hiswona leswi endlaka leswaku nsinya lowu wu fambisana na mbeleko naswona wuthlela wu tirhisiwa tani hi gandzelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;kcp&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Palgrave|first=K.C.|title=Trees of Southern Africa|year=1984|publisher=Struik|location=Cape Town|isbn=0-86977-081-0|page=105}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kuhangalaka ==
Nkuwa wu kumeka ngopfu e matikweni yo hlanganisa Cape Verde, Senegambia evupela-dyambu bya Afrika kufika e Cameroon. Wakumeka nale vuxa-dyambu e Eritrea, N'walungu wa Somalia na le Yemen, kasi wuthlela wukumeka ematikweni hinkwayo ya le dzongeni bya Afrika ehandle ka  Lesotho na mananga ya Botswana, Namibia na Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;apd&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?langue=an&amp;id=24149 &quot;''Ficus sur'' Forssk.&quot;]&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Nsinya lowu wukumeka e makhwatini na tindzhawu ta mabyasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;kcp&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Palgrave|first=K.C.|title=Trees of Southern Africa|year=1984|publisher=Struik|location=Cape Town|isbn=0-86977-081-0|page=105}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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    <title>Nsala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4541</id>
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      <id>30745</id>
      <parentid>29427</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T05:46:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
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      <text bytes="2554" sha1="3iedo2dn4x4t4ne91d26xa9l1vyujxl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nsala
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Strychnos spinosa tree.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = [[Masala]]
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mafurha]]{{·}}[[Tihunyi]]
}}
[[File:Strychnos spinosa fruit.jpg|270px|right]]

'''''Nsala '''(Strychnos spinosa'' kumbe Bambara&amp;#x3A;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;bm&quot;&gt;''Kankoroba''&lt;/span&gt;) i nsinya lowu kumeka e nkaveni na dzonga wa tiko-nkulu ra Afrika. Nsinya lowu wutswala Masala, kunga mbandzu wo nyanganya wuthlela wubhava nyana naswona wuthlela wuva na tinyungi to nononhwa. Wu veka swiluva swa rihlaza-ro Basa eku heleleni ka marhavi ya wona. Mbhandzu wa wona wutala ku huma endzhaku ka timpfula leti kulu naswona wa yelana na The fruits tend to appear only after good rains. Nsinya lowu i makwavo wa Nkwakwa wale khwatini (''Strychnos nux-vomica)'', lowu ngana vuxungu bya strychnine. Muvala wa Sala i wa xitshopana loko wu vupfa. Swiharhi swo fana na timfenhe, tihavu, makhumba na timhunti swi rhandza mbhandzu lowu swonghasi.

== Kuhangalaka ==
Nsinya lowu wu kumeka ngopfu e misaveni leyi ngana mati. Wa kumeka e makhwatini ya mananga, naswona wuthlela wukumeka e ribuweni ra Kapa ra vuxa-dyambu kufikela e Natala, kuya e nwalungwini e Mzambhiki, e Swazini, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibiya na Angola, nsawona wa kumeka nale xihlaleni xa Madagaska.

== Matirhisele ==
Nsinya lowu ixihlovo xa swakudya e Afrika, naswona mbhandzu wa kona wu ngapfuneta mphakelo wa swakudya, ngopfungopfu e matikweni-xikaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|authorlink=|author=National Research Council|title=Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits|url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879|accessdate=2008-07-25|edition=|series=Lost Crops of Africa|volume=3|date=2008-01-25|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-10596-5|chapter=Monkey Oranges|chapterurl=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879&amp;page=309}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tihunyi ta Nsala tinga tirhisiwa kuvatla. Tihunyi leti ta tirhisiwa ku endla mbhinyo wa swikomu.
* Nsinya lowu waha ku byariwa e tikweni ra Israyele leswaku wupfuneta eka mphakelo wa swakudya.
* Masala matirhisiwa ngopfu ematiko-xikaya kupfuneta mphakelo wa swakudya hinkarhi wa ndlala.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Henri-Alexandre Junod, [https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric02junouoft The life of a South African tribe] - Vol 2, Page 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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    <title>Mahatma Gandhi</title>
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      <text bytes="502" sha1="h6hihxko2psvozi4ro90nwapa83hi29" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mahatma-Gandhi, studio, 1931.jpg|right|thumb|Mahatma Gandhi]]
Mahatma Ghandi ari murhangeri wa rixaka ra ma [[Indiya]], naswona a a lwisana na milawu ya xihlawuhlawu lexi axi endliwa hi nkarhi wa kufuma ka mabunu e [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]]. Rixaka ra maindiya a ri anga khomiwi hi ndlela ya kahle hambi kuri xitifikheti xa vukati ava nga nyikiwi. Mahatma ari loyara hi hivudyondzeki, aswi kota ku teka nkarhi wa yena a ti tsona swakudya akhongela ku ncinca leswaku kuva kona.

{{Commons}}</text>
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    <title>Laos</title>
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|-
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| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 | &lt;small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Location Laos ASEAN.svg|200px]]
|}

'''Laos''' i tiko ra [[Asia]].

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Athlete</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4546</id>
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      <id>28813</id>
      <parentid>28812</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-08-30T10:15:02Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
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      <text bytes="1271" sha1="47wzmg9w3tmhzmt4meiyrfwe6hwj1fe" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:right; width:280px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%;&quot;
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:Salmon;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;'''{{{Vito}}}'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;  |
{|
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;  | [[File:{{{Xifaniso}}}|220px]]
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:Salmon;&quot; | '''Vuxoko-Xoko'''
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Tiko:''' ||  {{{Tiko}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Siku Ro velekiwa:''' ||  {{{Siku}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Vundhzawu:''' ||  {{{Vundhzawu}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Kuleha:''' ||  {{{Kuleha}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Ntikelo:''' ||  {{{Ntikelo}}}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:Salmon;&quot; | '''Tamintlangu'''
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Ntlangu:''' ||  {{{Ntlangu}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Nkarhi:''' ||  {{{Nkarhi}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Timendhlele:''' ||  {{{Timendhlele}}}
|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Athlete
|Vito            =
|Xifaniso        = 
|Tiko            = 
|Siku            = 
|Vundhzawu       = 
|Kuleha          = 
|Ntikelo         = 
|Ntlangu         = 
|Nkarhi          = 
|Timendhlele     = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
[[Category:Xitsonga]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akani Simbine</title>
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      <comment>Simbine hi lembe ra 2016</comment>
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      <text bytes="3689" sha1="s9mrtolgwjmyhp3x7p1llyxfly98uf5" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio|caption=Simbine hi lembe ra 2016}}
'''Akani Simbine''' (Utswariwe hi 21 [[Ndzhati]] 1993) i n'wa-majatu wa [[Afrika Dzonga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/south-africa/akani-simbine-258125 &quot;Akani Simbine&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; U tsutsume mujaho wa [[mitara|timitara]] ta 100 eka Mphikizano wa misava wa tamajatu wa 2013 naswona a thlela a tsutsuma eka ti-Olimpiki ta 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;Athletes&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/14th-iaaf-world-championships-4873/athletes?country=RSA &quot;South Africa at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101002439/https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/14th-iaaf-world-championships-4873/athletes?country=RSA |date=2016-11-01 }}. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; U hetelele eka xiyimo xa vu nthlanu hi ti sekondi ta 9.94 eka [[mpfhuka]] wa 100m eka mphikizano wa Ti-Olimpiki ta 2016, e [[Rio de Janeiro]] hi siku ra vu 14 Mhawuri 2016.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.sport24.co.za/OtherSport/Olympics2016/bolt-blasts-to-100m-gold-20160815 &quot;Bolt blasts to 100m gold hat-trick&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Whilst an Information Science student at University of Pretoria,&lt;ref name=&quot;gwangju2015&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.gwangju2015.kr/IRS/eng/zb/engzb_athletics_biography_overview_n6301319_simbine_akani.htm &quot;SIMBINE Akani&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090032/http://www.gwangju2015.kr/IRS/eng/zb/engzb_athletics_biography_overview_n6301319_simbine_akani.htm |date=2016-03-04 }}. ''gwangju2015.kr''. 2015 Summer Universiade&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Simbine ufikelele rhekhodi ya tiko, naswona a thlela a veka rhekhodi ya mphikizano hi siku ravu 9 Mawuwani 2015 loko ata fikilela mendhlele ya nsuku e Yunivhesithi ya Gwangju, e [[Korea Dzonga|South Korea]], hambileswi a a hari mu dyondzi wa Yunivhesithi ya Pitori.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web&quot;&gt;[http://www.gwangju2015.com/IRS/eng/zz/engzz_records.htm &quot;Universiade 2015 Broken Records&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908093910/http://www.gwangju2015.com/IRS/eng/zz/engzz_records.htm |date=2015-09-08 }}. gwangju2015.com. 9 July 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Simbine u tshovile rhekhodi ya tiko eka mujaho wa magwa wa 100 m hi nkarhi wa ti sekondi ta 9.89 eka Gyulai István Memorial e Székesfehérvár hi siku ravu 18 Mawuwani 2016.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news&quot;&gt;Christopher Maduewesi (18 July 2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Swidhlodhlo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+'''Swidhlodhlo swamisava'''
! scope=col| Siku
! scope=col| Mphikizano
! scope=col| Ndzhawu
! scope=col| Mbuyelo
! scope=col| Xikambelo
! scope=col| Nkarhi
|-
|rowspan=2|2015
|rowspan=2|University Summer Athletics 2015
|rowspan=2|[[Gwangju]]
|bgcolor=gold align=&quot;center&quot; | 1st
|align=center | 100 m
|align=center | 9 s 97
|-
|bgcolor=cc9966 align=&quot;center&quot; | 3rd
|align=center | 4 × 100 m
|align=center | 39 s 68
|-
|rowspan=3|2016
|rowspan=2|African Athletics Championships 2016
|rowspan=2|[[Durban]]
|align=center bgcolor=&quot;cc9966&quot; | 3rd 
|align=center | 100 m
|align=center | 10 s 05
|-
|bgcolor=gold align=&quot;center&quot; | 1st
|align=center | 4 x 100 m
|align=center | 38 s 84
|-
|Summer Olympics 2016
|[[Rio de Janeiro]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; | 5th
|align=&quot;center&quot; | 100 m
|align=&quot;center&quot; | 9 s 94
|}

== Mintshaho ==
&lt;div class=&quot;reflist&quot; style=&quot; list-style-type: decimal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;references&gt;&lt;/references&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

[[Category:Vanhu]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Finland</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:Yuropa]]&quot;</comment>
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    <title>Category:Translation Needed</title>
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  <page>
    <title>India</title>
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      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[India]] to [[Indiya]]: translated</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Huvo Leyi Fumaka ya Timbhoni ta Yehovha</title>
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      <text bytes="830" sha1="d3c7vfe5exekfnnxs1o94j16643o3h6" xml:space="preserve">'''Huvo Leyi Fumaka ya Timbhoni ta Yehovha''' i ntlawa lowu rhangelaka wa [[Timbhoni ta Yehovha]] wu kumeka Brooklyn, New York. Huvo leyi wu humesa tidyondzo, wu vonelela ku humesiwa ka minkandziyiso ni tinhlengeletano, ni ku rhangela mintlawa hinkwayo emisaveni hinkwayo. Minkandziyiso ya Timbhoni yi vulavula hi Huvo Leyi Fumaka tanihi hi valandzeri va Kreste ku nga ri varhangeri va [[vukhongeri]].

Hlayo ya vona yi hambanahambanilie, ku sukela ka nkombo(2014–sweswi) ku ya nhungu(1974–1980) wa swirho. Swirho swintshwa swa Huvo Leyi Fumaka swi hlawuriwa hi leswi swi vaka na swi ri kona.

== Matimu ==
Ku sukela loko yi simekiwa, the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania yi fambisiwe hi presidente ni ntlawa wa vafambisi. ku ta fika Sunguti 1976, presidente a ku ri yena 

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vuyimeri bya Samora Machel</title>
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      <text bytes="2747" sha1="cozse4lb27rtro5ic3zyw8ctca3xcjr" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Karte_Vorstadt_Windhoek-Wanaheda.png|thumb|swimitana swa Wanaheda]]
'''Vuyimeri byaSamora Machel ''' (khale ka '''Wanaheda Constituency''') i vuyimeri bya Windhoek eKhomas Region exikarhi ka  [[Namibia]]. vuyimeri lebyi byi kumeka loko u hundze swimitna swa mune swa Windhoek: Wanaheda, Greenwell Matongo, Goreangab, ni ndhawu ya Havana. Hi 2010 a ku ri ni {{As of|2010}}32,000 wa vaaki.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lava tshamaka eka vuyimeri lebyi a va na ntirho wo kongoma, va kuma swo tihanyisa  hi switirhwantirhwani swo kota  ti-shebeens ni ku hlantswa timovha. A nhlayo ya lava nga na HIV/AIDS yi le henhla.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ku cinca ka vito ==
The area which made up the constituency was named Wanaheda during colonial times and continued to be called it following its independence in 1990. It is an acronym for ''''Wa'''mbos, '''Na'''mas, '''He'''reros and '''Da'''maras', the four peoples that were living here. In 2003, following governmental and public recommendations, it was renamed in honour of [[Muzambhiki|Mozambican]] President Samora Machel.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.namibian.com.na/2008/August/national/0823599E15.html Constituency named after John Pandeni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204111748/http://www.namibian.com.na/2008/August/national/0823599E15.html |date=2008-12-04 }} in [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Namibian The Namibian], 27 August 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tipolitiki ==
The 2004 regional election was won by John Ya Otto Nankudhu of the SWAPO Party with 8,370 votes. Runners-up were Victoria Gawanas of the United Democratic Front (UDF, 594 votes), Fransiska Hipondoka of the Congress of Democrats (CoD, 475 votes), Gabriel Rukero of the National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO, 380 votes), and Adolf Kaurimuje of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA, 201 votes).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ecn.gov.na/RSamoramachel.htm Samora Machel constituency] Electoral Commission of Namibia&lt;/ref&gt;

The 2015 regional election were also won by SWAPO whose Fanuel San Shivute gained 8,774 votes. Tuyenikelao Kanyiki (RDP) finished distant second with 1,078 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Regional Council Election Results 2015|publisher=[[Electoral Commission of Namibia]]|date=3 December 2015|page=10|url=http://www.ecn.na/documents/27857/223442/Regional+Counils+Election+Results_Duly+elected+candidates+2015.pdf/32493774-80b3-4be3-9ca1-1f6ce187673a?version=1.0|access-date=19 December 2016|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163948/http://www.ecn.na/documents/27857/223442/Regional+Counils+Election+Results_Duly+elected+candidates+2015.pdf/32493774-80b3-4be3-9ca1-1f6ce187673a?version=1.0|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Samora Machel</title>
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      <text bytes="1938" sha1="sbhu0dj9ug6qboj24e1npp0uxkmbz1g" xml:space="preserve">'''Samora Moisés Machel''' (September 29, 1933 &amp;#x2013; October 19, 1986) a a ri murhangeri wa vuthu ni n'watipolitiki wa [[Muzambhiki|Mozambique]]. Musoxalisi loyi a landzela vu- Marxism-Leninism, u tirhe tanihit Presidente ya Mozambique kusukela loko tiko ri kume ntshunxeko hi ti1975. Machel u fele ntirhweni hi 1986 loko xihahampfuka xa vuhosi xi wilw ekusuhi ni ndzilakani wa Mozambique-[[Afrika-Dzonga|South Africa]].

== Masungulo ya Vutomi ==

== Ku Lwela Ntsuxeko ==

== Ntsunxeko ==

== Rhodesian Bush War ==

== Nyimpi ya Xin'wanamanana ==

== Ku hima loku dlayaka  ni vulavisisi ==
[[File:Samora_Machel_Plane_Wreck.jpg|thumb|Masalela ya xihahampfuka]]

== Vukati ni vutomi bya dyangu ==

== Vuxaka ni matiko man'wana ==
[[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1983-0303-423,_Berlin,_Margot_Honecker,_Samora_Moises_Machel.jpg|thumb|Machel a hlangana na Margot Honecker eBerlin, hi 1983]]

== Legacy ==

=== Mavito hi vito ra yena ===
* Samora Machel Air Force Base in Mbala, Northern Zambia.
* Samora Machel Avenue, in the Dar es Salaam central business district in [[Tanzania]] (about 1.75&amp;nbsp;km)
* Samora Machel Avenue, in Harare, [[Zimbabwe]]
* Samora Machel Avenue, in Luanda, [[Angola]]
* Samora Machel Bridge, (formerly Tete Bridge) across the Zambezi River in Tete, Mozambique (762 metres)
* [[Vuyimeri bya Samora Machel|Samora Machel constituency]], (formerly Wanaheda constituency in 2003) in Khomas Region, [[Namibia]]
* Samora Machel House, residence for female students at the University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus
* Samora Machel School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia
* Samora Machel Street, in Moscow, [[Rhaxiya|Russian Federation]]
* Samora Machel Street, in Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria.

=== Xitsundzuxo ===

=== Swihlovo leswi gandlisiweke ===
* Munslow, Barry (ed.). ''Samora Machel, An African Revolutionary: Selected Speeches and Writings'', London: Zed Books, 1985.	

== References ==
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  <page>
    <title>Vuxaka exikari ka Mozambhiki na Afrika-Dzonga</title>
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      <text bytes="2471" sha1="4hqdckyt7i8d1rzcjky0gwy4nfmaief" xml:space="preserve">'''Vuxaka exikarhi ka Mozambhiki na Afrika Dzonga''' ku vuriwa  ntirhisano exikarhi ka [[Muzambhiki|Mozambhiki]] na [[Afrika-Dzonga]]. A vuxaka bya ximfumo byi sungulu hi 1923, enguveni ya vukolonyi, loko Nhlangano wa Afrika-Dzonga wu endle ntwanano ni Mfumo wa Muputukezi eka koloni ya Portuguese East Africa (Mozambhiki) malunghana ni ntirho, ntleketlo ni timhaka ta mabindzu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/mozambique.html Mozambique] from the Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of South Africa&lt;/ref&gt; Graca Machel,  Nkosikazi yo sungula eMozambhiki ku sukela hi 1975 ku ya ka1986, endzhaku u tekane na [[Nelson Mandela]], Presidente yo sungula eAfrika-Dzonga endhaku ka Apartheid hi July 18, 1998, loko Mandela a ri 80 ya malembe. Va tshame va tekanile ku fikela loko Mandela a fa hi December 5, 2013, na a ri ni malembe ya  95 hi vukhale. Emahweni ka sweswo a a tekane ni presidente yo sungula ya Mozambhiki, [[Samora Machel]], loyi a feke hi hi ku wa ka xihahampfuka hi October 19, 1986 na a ri ni malembe ya 53. hi vukhale.

== Apartheid ==

=== Vuxaka ni valungu ===
Valungu va Afrika-Dzonga ni va Maputukezi va lawule Mozambhiki va ri karhi va tiphina hi vuxaka bya le kusuhi hi enguveni ya vukolonyi. Loko Maafrika-Dzonga ma sungule ku tirhisa nawu wa Apartheid, eMaputo, ku nga ntsindza-nkulu wa Mozambhiki, ku hundzuke ndhawu yo ya ponela kona eka valungu lava a va tsutsuma lava a va lwisana ni fumelo ra Apartheid. Loko Mozambhiki yi kume ku ntshuxeka emavokweni ya Portugal hi 1975, valungu lava tswaleriweke eMozambhiki va tsemakanye ndzilakano va ya Afrika-Dzonga, lava namuntlha ku nga xitukulwana  xa Mapotukezi eAfrika-Dzonga.

=== Vuxaka ni va ntima ===
Mas[[Matimu ya Matsonga|hangaan]] kumbe Vatsonga va kumeka eka matlhelo ha mambirhi, Mozambhiki ni Afrika-Dzonga. A mphesamphesa ya vantima exikarhi ka mimfumo leyi mbirhi yi ve kona hi ntalo hikwalaho ka ku kumeka ka ntirho eka lava Mozambhiki emigodini ya Afrika-Dzonga. Ku nghena ka mali yo tsemakanya ndzilakano(gede) swi na xiyenge lexikulu eka  Ikhonomi ya Mozambhiki.

== Nyimpi ==
Afrika-Dzonga yi ve ni xiave-nkulu hi ku seketela RENAMO eka  Nyimpi ya Xin'wanamamani ya Mozambhiki ku lwisana ni mfumo wa FRELIMO .  Afrika-Dzonga na Mozambhiki va sayine   Ntwanano wa Nkomati  hi 1984, lowu yimiseke ximfumo xiave xa Afrika-Dzonga eka nyimpi, hambileswi yi  yeke emahlweni ku kondza ku fika Xidemokrasi eAfrika-Dzonga hi  1994.

== References ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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      <comment>Aqil Huseynov</comment>
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      <text bytes="2157" sha1="7a4bnrwbzv3rigsyq2ikfg7r7azhe36" xml:space="preserve">''''''''Merhaba Ben Aqil. Ben 2001 yılında Azerbaycanda  Bakü de  Dünyaya Göz Açdım. O zamanlar  artik XXl - Yüz yili başliyordu,ben doğuldukdan sora Bakude kaldık 2002 yılına kadar sora babam iş ne göre Nakchivan Özel Cümrihyiete gitik tam 14 yil orda kaldim.Orda Okudum orada tam 4 yer değisdim.   Sederek,Şerur,Ordubad,Çulfa  ve sonda Nakchiva merkezine geldin aslinda ilk gelidigimzde  2 yil orda kaldik sora  yeniden geldik ve   5 yil tam olark burda kaldik. Ben Azerbaycanda  en  Temiz  ve guzelikde  1 de buldugum Şehir  Nakchivan gidib görürsünüz İNŞALLAH. Sora ben kötü yanlarim sınavlarda iyi değildim cok kötüydüm.   sora  Babama  Nakchivandan Azerbaycanda  Fuziliye gitmek emri geldi ve oraya gitik ama bu hicde iyi olmadi cünki  biz ora gidir  gitmez  sabahi gun savaş başladı evet yanlış duymadiniz belkide ömürümün en korkunc anlarıydı  Babam  izin vermedi Bakü ye gidek  3 gun bizi Savaş alanında durmamizi soyledi bizde Fuzilde oturduk ama   tam 40 m (metr)  onume  Mlamiyot mermisi  düşdü cok garip hayatim gozum onünden gecdi sanki o kadar iylik yap  ama karşılık bu işde  neyse sora bizi Agcabedi şehriine  emr geldi ve orda 2 ay sora Bakü ye  geldim ben Babam ama gelmedi orda daha Allaha Şükür hic birimize  hic bişsey olmadi ve ben Bakü de  Kursa giderek okulumu  devam etirdim tam 9 ay okula  gitmemis insan  geri donüdu ama biraz soluk cünki hayat  solmuşdu onun icin Youtube hayatim demiyelim Minecraft diyelim adamlar server spaün icin para isdiyodu bene  herkese bedava guzel spawnlar yapiyordum adamlar cok memnun oldu ve  hepsi  Allah razı olsun diyodular  100+ cok serverin spawnın yapdim düşünsenize. Şimdi Halim İyi Hayat da idare  ediyoruz artık Beni 1 Şubatda  Dogum günümde  Sevindiren Arkdasimada teşekürler o bana doğum günüm icin Premium hesab aldı MC icin saolsun. Ben unutmuyorum ve unutmam   benim bir arkadaşım var ismi Yusuf ,  Yusufla  2013 de tanışdık  benim ilk MC VE ONLİNE ARKDASİM . Hayat hikayem biraz olsada size anlatim Hakkimdada biraz bilgi verdim haydi herkese iyi günler dilemek üzere Hoşcakalın.''''''''</text>
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    <title>Šiprage</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Siprage-karta.jpg|Siprage-karta.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ruthven|Ruthven]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Siprage-karta.jpg|]].</comment>
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'''Šiprage''' a tiko ra [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.kartabih.com/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Vojnogeografski institut, Ed. (1955): Šiprage (List karte 1:25.000, Izohipse na 20 m). Vojnogeografski institut, Beograd / Military Geographical Institute, Ed. (1955): Šiprage (map sheet 1: 25.000, Contour lines at 20 m). Military Geographical Institute, Belgrade.&lt;/ref&gt;


==Reference==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina]]</text>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[Nkwakwa]]</comment>
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    <title>Nhlangano wa vanhu</title>
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      <text bytes="1679" sha1="prt8bvjb1v8xa2kpvnnx2l5nghynv37" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Detail of Les tres riches heures - March.jpg|thumb|Kurima hi gejo, Lembe-xidzana ra 15]]
'''Nhlangano wa vanhu''' i ntlwawa wa vanhu lowu tirhisanaka no hanyisana, kumbe ntlawa wa vanhu lowu tshamaka a dzhawini yin'we naswona wuri ehansi ka ndzawulo yinwe ya [[Politiki]] na [[Ndzhavuko|dhavuko]]. Nhlangano wa vunhu wu kombisa vuxaka exikarhi ka vanhu lava ngana ndzhavuko na vukorhokeri byo fana; hiswona leswi nhlangano wa vanhu wu nga ha hlamuseriwaka tani hi vuxaka exikarhi ka swirho swa wona

Kuya hi ntirhiswano lowu nga kona e ntlwaweni wa vhanhu vokarhi, leswi swi nga pfuna swirho swa ntlawa leswaku swi bindzula hi tindlela to tala leti nga kotekiku loko xirho xiri xoxe. Nhlangano wa vanhu wu nga thlela wu akiwa hi vanhu lava twananaka naswona vafumiwa hi maendele ya swilo, hambi loko kuri hava ntlawa lowu fumaka wun'wana.

== Masungulo na matirhisele ==
Riviti &quot;Nhlangano wa Vanhu&quot; risuka eka riviti ra Xilana ''[[wiktionary:societas|societas]]'', leri lombiweke eka riviti ''socius'' (&quot;Mughana, kumbe  Nakulori&quot;) leri tirhisiwaka ku hlamusela vuxaka exikarhi ka vanghana. Rito leri ri yelana ngopfu na rito &quot;Vumunhu&quot;. Hambiswiritano, mutivi wa swamabinzu, Adam Smith ulerhisa leswaku ntlwaw wa vanhu &quot;wunga kumeka exikarhi ka vanhu lava hambaneke, kumbe van'wamabindzu lava hambaneke, hi kuya hi kutirhisana hambi loko vangari vaghana, ntsena loko vanga lwi.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Briggs, Jean L. 2000&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBriggs2000&quot; contenteditable=&quot;false&quot;&gt;Hunters and Gatherers in the Modern World: Conflict, Resistance, and Self-Determination.-Briggs, Jean L. 2000 - P9 &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]</text>
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    <title>Mabindzu</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>nga lavekiki</comment>
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      <text bytes="4329" sha1="4d8m0142jhbqnu3m055hsy0th3fxxur" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsa Mexicana de Valores.png|thumb|Yindlu ya Mabindzu na vuxavisi e[[Paseo de la Reforma]],etikweni ra Meksikho]]
'''Binzu''' (kumbe '''komponi''') inhlangeletano lowu xavisaka tinhundzu kumbe mpahla na vukorhokeri eka Vaxavi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
  | last = O'Sullivan
  | first = Arthur
  | authorlink = Arthur O'Sullivan (economist)
  | first2 = Steven M. | last2 = Sheffrin
  | title = Economics: Principles in Action
  | publisher = Pearson Prentice Hall
  | year = 2003
  | location = Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
  | page = 29
  | isbn = 0-13-063085-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Compare: {{cite book
| last1 = Aaker
| first1 = David A.
| author-link1 = David A. Aaker
| last2 = McLoughlin
| first2 = Damien
| chapter = 1: Strategic Market Management: An Introduction and Overview
| title = Strategic Market Management: Global Perspectives
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tpW22FvYvn8C
| location = Chichester, West Sussex
| publisher = John Wiley &amp; Sons
| publication-date = 2010
| page = 3
| access-date = 2016-11-10
| quote = What is a business? What is a business strategy? Having groups of managers provide answers to these basic questions shows that there is little consensus as to what these basic terms mean. [...] A business is generally an organizational unit that has (or should have) a defined strategy and a manager with sales and profit responsibility.
| isbn = 978-0-470-68975-2
| year = 2010
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mabindzu ma hlanganela eka mafambisele ya ikhonomi, naswona makumeka ngopfu ematikweni lama tirhisaka Ikhonomi ya VuKhapitali, laha makumekaka malawuriwa hi vanhu kungari mfumo, naswona ma xavisa nhundzu na vukorhokeri byokarhi eka Makete leswaku vakuma mali kumbe ku cincana nhundzu yo hambana leyi ngana nkoka woyelana wa ikhonomi. Binzu ringahava ropfuna naswona ririhava mbuyelo, kumbe riri Bindzu leri kongomisiwaka himfumo. Matiko yohambana-hambana matirhisa milawu yohambana, yo lawula mafambiselo ya mabindzu.

Xikongomelo xamabinzu, iku kurisa nxaviso na hakelo yatinhundzu kumbe vukorhokeri leswaku rikuma mbuyelo kumbe kubindzula.

== Tinxakaxaka taMabindzu ==
Kuni tinxakaxaka ta mabindzu hikuya hi mafambisele ya tiko na ndhawu, kambe tinxaka leti tolovelekeke hileti:
* '''Bindzu ra munhu-un'we:''' Muxaka lowu wuthlela wutiveka hi Muxavisi un'we, naswona rina musunguri na n'wini un'we loyi a bindzulaka eka rona. N'wini wa bindzu anagha tirha ariswakwe, kumbe a thola vatirhi. N'wini wabindzu ubyarha vutihlamuleri hikwabyo mayelana na mbuyelo kumbe kulahlekeriwa eka bindzu rakwe
* '''Bindzu ra varingani:''' Bindzu leri rina vinyi vambirhi kumbe kutlula lava varikongomisaka. Eka tinxaka ta mabindzu ya varingani to tala, un'wana na un'wana wa varingani ubyarha vutihlamuleri lebyi yelanaka na mbuyelo wa yena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.5465/amj.2013.0581 |title=Friends and Profits Dont Mix: The Performance Implications of Repeated Partnerships |journal=Academy of Management Journal |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=460 |year=2014 |last1=Holloway |first1=S. S. |last2=Parmigiani |first2=A. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Bindzu ro hlanganelo:'''  Vinyi va bindzu vabyarha vutihlamuleri byokarhi, kambe bindzu rivoniwa riri navutihlamuleri lebyi hambaneke naswona ritiyimerile hikuya hinawu.  Hakanyiningi vinyi vabindzu ivakhomi vaminkavelo ya bindzu naswona vathola vafambisi lava va langutanaka na mfambisele ya bindzu ya siku na siku.
* '''Bindzu ra Ntwanano:''' Rihambana na bindzu ra nhlanganelo, hikuva vinyi varona imalandza ya bindzu naswona ava tirhi kuya hi ntsengo wa minkavelo ya bindzu. Hakanyingi ripfuriwa ngopfu hi miganga kumbe vatirhi lava hlanganelaka kuteka swiboho
* '''Furanchayisi:''' Imuxaka wa bindzu laha vanw'amabindzu vaxavaka mpfumelelo wo pfula no fambisa bindzu ro karhi leri simekiweke hi komponi yokarhi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://smallbusiness.chron.com/definition-franchise-business-4467.html Definition of a Franchise Business]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;h{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/1046669X.2011.533109|title=A Comparison of Retail Franchises, Independent Businesses, and Purchased Existing Independent Business Startups: Lessons from the Kauffman Firm Survey|journal=Journal of Marketing Channels|volume=18|pages=3|year=2011|last1=Welsh|first1=Dianne H. B.|last2=Desplaces|first2=David E.|last3=Davis|first3=fAmy E.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mabindzu]]
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    <title>Nyimpi</title>
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      <comment>corr using [[Project:AWB|AWB]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3277" sha1="tt8k6imqaxuyo51j89nvmrmbmiy9qr7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Castle Romeo.jpg|thumb|right| Xikambelo xa thlarhi ra Nyukliya, 1954]]
'''Nyimpi''' i mholovo himathlarhi exikarhi ka [[nhlangano wa vanhu]]. Nyimpi yi hlanganisa Vukarhi, ku onha nhundzu na kudlaya, hi ku tirhisa masocha. Kupfumaleka ka nyimpi ku vuriwa &quot;[[Kurhula]]&quot;. '''Kulwa Nyimpi''' swi hlanganisa swilo leswi endliwaka no tirhisiwa ku lwa eka minxaka ya tinyimpi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Warfare|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/warfare|website=Cambridge Dictionary|accessdate=1 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hambileswi swidyondzeki swo karhi swi vonaka nyimpi yiri xiyenge xa [[Vumunhu]], &lt;ref&gt;Šmihula, Daniel (2013): ''The Use of Force in International Relations'',  p. 67, [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788022413411 ISBN 978-80-224-1341-1].&lt;/ref&gt; van'wana va vona nyimpi yiri xitandzhaku xa mahanyele na swi yimo swa vutomi ku  hlanganisa na mbangu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sage Publications&quot;&gt;{{Cite book | year= 2006 | last1= James | first1= Paul | authorlink= Paul James (academic) | last2= Friedman | first2= Jonathan | title= Globalization and Violence, Vol. 3: Globalizing War and Intervention | url= http://www.academia.edu/3587732/Globalization_and_Violence_Vol._3_Globalizing_War_and_Intervention_editor_with_Jonathan_Friedman_Sage_Publications_London_2006 | publisher= Sage Publications | location= London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nyimpi leyi dlayeke vanhu hi xitalo, kuve [[nyimpi ya vumbirhi ya misava]], leyi sunguleke hi lembe ra 1939 kuya fika eka lembe ra 1945, naswona kudlayiwe kawalomu ka 60–85 wa timiliyoni, ivi yi landzeriwa hi nyimpi ya kuvutla ya Mamongholi&lt;ref&gt;The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368, 1994, p. 622, cited by White&lt;/ref&gt; leyi dlayeke kwalomu ka 60 wa timiliyoni. Hi lembe ra 2013 nyimpi yivangile kwalomu ka 31,000 wa mafu, leswi kombeke ku hunguteka kusuka eka 72,000 wa mafu hi lembe ra 1990.&lt;ref name=GDB2013&gt;{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|pmc=4340604|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi lembe ra 2003, Richard Smalley u xungetile nyimpi tani hi xi rhanganya xa vuntsevu (eka khume) eka swirhalanganya leswi langutaneke na Vunhu va misava eka malembe ya makume-nthlanu lama taka.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Top Ten Problems of Humanity for Next 50 Years&quot;, Professor R. E. Smalley, Energy &amp; NanoTechnology Conference, Rice University, May 3, 2003.&lt;/ref&gt; Tinyimpi ti siya ku onheka ka mbangu na tindzhawu, kuhunguteka ka mali ya midende ya swisiwana, Tindlala, ku engeteleka ka vachavela-whawha lava tsutsumaka tinyimpi, kuhkanganisa na kuxanisiwa ka vabohiwa vanyimpi kumbe va akatiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Tanton|first1=John|title=The Social Contract|date=2002|page=42}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=John|title=The pursuit of happiness|date=1992|page=304}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Baxter|first1=Richard|title=Humanizing the Laws of War|date=2013|page=344}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
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    <title>Mati</title>
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[[File:Water_droplet_blue_bg05.jpg|right|thumb|Thonsi ra Mati.]]

'''Mati''' imuxaka wa khemikhali liyi ngahava muvala, naswona mati ixiyenge ya swinambyana, milambu, maqhivi na malwandle yamisava, na vumati lebyikumeka eka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka. Xihlawulekisi xa khemikhali leyi i  '''H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O''', leswi vulaka leswaku mati ma vumbiwa hi ti [[athomu]] timbirhi ta Hydrogen na athomu yin'we ya moya wa Oxygen. Mati ma naswivumbeko swinharhu kunga Vumati (Mati); Vutiyela (Gwitsi) na vumoya (Ripumele). 

Mati mafunengeta kwalomu ka 71% ta [[Misava]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html#Geo|title=CIA – The world factbook|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=20 December 2008|archive-date=5 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html#Geo|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mati iyankoka eka swivumbiwa hinkwaswo leswi hanyaka.  Laha Misaveni kwalomu ka 96.5% wa mati makumeka emaqhivini na malwandle, 1.7% kuva mati yo boxiwa kumbe kuceriwa eka misava, kasi 1.7% wa mati makumeka emagwitsini ya tinhlohlorhi ta misava eAntarctica na Greenland, ntsengo lowu saleka wa mati wukumeka eka ripumele na Marifu.&lt;ref name=&quot;b1&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Freshwater Resources|editor=Gleick, P.H.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|page=13, Table 2.1 &quot;Water reserves on the earth&quot;|url=http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/EarthSciences/Oceanography/?view=usa&amp;ci=9780195076288|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-date=2013-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408091921/http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/EarthSciences/Oceanography/?view=usa&amp;ci=9780195076288|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html Water Vapor in the Climate System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320034158/http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html |date=2007-03-20 }}, Special Report, [AGU], December 1995 (linked 4/2007).&lt;/ref&gt;

Mati lamatengeke yonwa iyankoka eka vanhu na swivumbiwa swinwana. Mfikelelo wa mati lamabhaseke wu antswisiwile eka malembe lamahundzeka emisaveni hinkwayo, hambiswiritano kwalomu ka bhiliyoni ra vanhu emisavani vapfumala mati lama bhaseke. Kuna vuxaka exikarhi ka vuswikoti bya fikelela mati lamabhaseke na rifuwo ra vanhu kuya hi tiko.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gapminder.org/videos/gapcasts/gapcast-9-public-services/ &quot;Public Services&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407031727/http://www.gapminder.org/videos/gapcasts/gapcast-9-public-services/ |date=2012-04-07 }}, Gapminder video&lt;/ref&gt; Vahlahluvi va komba leswku hi lembe ra 2025, kwalomu ka hafu ya vanhu vamisava vata langutana na kupfumaleka ka mati.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mckinsey.com/App_Media/Reports/Water/Charting_Our_Water_Future_Full_Report_001.pdf|title=Charting Our Water Future: Economic frameworks to inform decision-making|format=PDF|accessdate=25 July 2010|archive-date=5 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705072816/http://www.mckinsey.com/App_Media/Reports/Water/Charting_Our_Water_Future_Full_Report_001.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mati matlanga xiyenge xo hlawuleka eka Ikhonomi ya misava. Kwalomu ka 70% wa mati lama tengeke ma tirhiseriwa swa tavurimi.&lt;ref name=Baroni2007&gt;{{cite journal|author=Baroni, L.|author2=Cenci, L. |author3=Tettamanti, M. |author4= Berati, M. |year=2007|title=Evaluating the environmental impact of various dietary patterns combined with different food production systems|journal=European Journal of Clinical Nutrition|volume=61|pages=279–286|doi=10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602522|pmid=17035955|issue=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Vutshevi bya tinhlampfi emaqhivini na malwande, byi wundla swiyenge swotala swa vanhu emisaveni. Tnhundzu to tala ti fambisiwa hi swikepe ku suka no ya etindhawini tale kule hi milambu na malwandle. Mati, magwitsi na Ripumele, switirhisiwa ngopfu ku timula no kufumeta tikhomponi na makaya ya vanhu.  Mati mathlela ma tirhisiwa ku olovisa tikhemikhali to tala, naswona mathlela matirhisiwa ku Sweka na Hlantswa.


'''Mati''' i nkatsekanyo wa ntumbuluko lowu nga na fomula ya tikhemikhali. I swihalaki leswi vonakaka, leswi swo ka swi nga ri na nantswo, leswi swi nga nyuherisiku, [ c ] naswona leswi kumekaku eka mpfula  . I xiaki lexikulu xa swinambyana swa Misava, mativa ni [[Lwandle|malwandle]] ni mati ya swivumbiwa hinkwaswo leswi hanyaka leswi tiviwaka, laha yi tirhaka tanihi xitofu . Mati, tani hileswi yanga molecule ya polar, ya hundza eka intermolecular hydrogen bonding yo tiya leswinga hoxa xandla swinene eka swivumbeko swa wona swa physical na ti khemikhali.  I swa nkoka eka swivumbeko hinkwaswo leswi tivekaka swa vutomi, hambi leswi yi nga nyikiki matimba ya swakudya kumbe ku va micronutrient ya organic . Hikwalaho ka vukona bya yona eka swivumbiwa hinkwaswo, ku tiya ka yona ka tikhemikhali, ku tala ka yona emisaveni hinkwayo, na polarity ya yona yo tiya loko yi pimanisiwa na vukulu bya yona lebyintsongo bya ti molecular, mati ya tala ku vuriwa &quot;universal solvent&quot;.

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Vumati]]
[[Category:Mati]]</text>
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      <text bytes="771" sha1="ktxbq2y8r0xbg105g1qhyxaurj87hkx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Punch Rhodes Colossus.png|thumb|''Xifaniso xa [[Rhodes]] wa xihotlovila'', hi 1892. Xi kombiwa eka ''Phepha-hungu ra Punch'' hi [[Edward Linley Sambourne]].]]
'''&quot;Mphika-makaneta yo fuma Afrika&quot;''' akuri kuvutla ndzhawu, k'avanyisa na ku fuma tiko-nkulu ra Afrika hivukolonyi bya matiko ya Yuropa, exikarhi ka lembe ra 1881 kuya eka 1914. Mhaka leyi yithlela yi vuriwa K'avelana hi Afrika. Hi lembe ra 1870, kwalomu ka 10 wati phesente ta tiko-nkulu ra Afrika ariri ehansi ka vufumi bya Yuropa, vufumi lebyi anase byi tlakukile byiva tiphesenti ta 90 kuya fika hilembe ra 1914, naswona akulo sala matiko ya Etopiya (Abhisiniya), Mfumo wavu Dervhe (Kumbe Somaliya)[1] na [[Layiberiya|Layibheriya]], lawa amatifuma.

[[Category:Matimu ya Afrika]]
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      <id>29152</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T01:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29152</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="67" sha1="28c1gbueimei19gufg0gbfkvrs148ti" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Westphalien.</text>
      <sha1>28c1gbueimei19gufg0gbfkvrs148ti</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User swg</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4608</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29153</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T01:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29153</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="63" sha1="ljtg49hbnnj3o1tbeg43akv4ejhq5x5" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Swabian.</text>
      <sha1>ljtg49hbnnj3o1tbeg43akv4ejhq5x5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sli</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4609</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29154</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T01:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29154</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" sha1="2g7gqkycxzb4s681qobgzdzmfrc45su" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Lower Silesian.</text>
      <sha1>2g7gqkycxzb4s681qobgzdzmfrc45su</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User vmf</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4610</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29155</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T01:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29155</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="71" sha1="gpx1doz3epzn095qwnauq0mtcarzzv7" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Main-Franconian.</text>
      <sha1>gpx1doz3epzn095qwnauq0mtcarzzv7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User pdt</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4611</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29156</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T01:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29156</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" sha1="abvenero7m6wt7mksnvke0szo3yhj23" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Plautdietsch.</text>
      <sha1>abvenero7m6wt7mksnvke0szo3yhj23</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User an</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4613</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29160</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T06:56:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29160</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" sha1="4a4rgkwbjnmvrvqamarx1t4tzqaustg" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Aragonese.</text>
      <sha1>4a4rgkwbjnmvrvqamarx1t4tzqaustg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User eu</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29161</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T10:18:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29161</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" sha1="thm8g5lu5lit96zox5qp317za2lnhr7" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Basque.</text>
      <sha1>thm8g5lu5lit96zox5qp317za2lnhr7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ca</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29162</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T10:18:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="63" sha1="e21aew05ahd50ujijblg9sywwbbjfuh" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Catalan.</text>
      <sha1>e21aew05ahd50ujijblg9sywwbbjfuh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sv</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4617</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29164</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T11:52:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="63" sha1="gdqqplssbj9r1jehq5vk1afpi6idy8t" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Swedish.</text>
      <sha1>gdqqplssbj9r1jehq5vk1afpi6idy8t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User nn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4618</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29165</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T11:52:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="73" sha1="kmo15vnv78vqsnox4tys9sd9yte3abl" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Norwegian Nynorsk.</text>
      <sha1>kmo15vnv78vqsnox4tys9sd9yte3abl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User da</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4619</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29166</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T11:52:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29166</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" sha1="9af0n2j4md4dz6wsdg5jbw3wtaksxmq" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Danish.</text>
      <sha1>9af0n2j4md4dz6wsdg5jbw3wtaksxmq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User fi</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4620</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29167</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T11:52:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29167</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="63" sha1="nwhqnpc6q5a2k76qgbjl5nkcksznut0" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Finnish.</text>
      <sha1>nwhqnpc6q5a2k76qgbjl5nkcksznut0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User gl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4621</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29168</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T02:32:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="cmh0iejhvwpc4syis7ztsswewybvw71" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Galician.</text>
      <sha1>cmh0iejhvwpc4syis7ztsswewybvw71</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User mwl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4622</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29169</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T02:32:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29169</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" sha1="4r7gu4r52rh4g5p0ut16xp6ki2mdgdf" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Mirandese.</text>
      <sha1>4r7gu4r52rh4g5p0ut16xp6ki2mdgdf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User oc</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4623</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29170</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T02:32:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29170</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="63" sha1="14334qbhm5iwi3rst3j5t3pnubv80am" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Occitan.</text>
      <sha1>14334qbhm5iwi3rst3j5t3pnubv80am</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User de-AT</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4624</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29171</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T04:24:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29171</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="71" sha1="86ox6mxg86rhne5fsimbasib3mr0rg3" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Austrian German.</text>
      <sha1>86ox6mxg86rhne5fsimbasib3mr0rg3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ro</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4625</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29172</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T09:06:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29172</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="ckr94hbfgs23poer31x8rrg0jvps4s8" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Romanian.</text>
      <sha1>ckr94hbfgs23poer31x8rrg0jvps4s8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User hr</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4626</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29173</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T10:07:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29173</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="1ug3ywdjh67i3v1rfrol0agkcmcgilf" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Croatian.</text>
      <sha1>1ug3ywdjh67i3v1rfrol0agkcmcgilf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User pl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4627</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29174</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T16:13:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29174</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" sha1="7tad17ke182yjpi2zulqp8ujmhs9vbk" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Polish.</text>
      <sha1>7tad17ke182yjpi2zulqp8ujmhs9vbk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User fa</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4628</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29175</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T17:30:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29175</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="63" sha1="h7zur2e2t8yxsc7qotf8nvbpttcy4up" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Persian.</text>
      <sha1>h7zur2e2t8yxsc7qotf8nvbpttcy4up</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sq</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4629</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29176</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T19:11:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29176</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="h3rdp5lba2yfm22ruls6m1memd017al" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Albanian.</text>
      <sha1>h3rdp5lba2yfm22ruls6m1memd017al</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User cs</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4630</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29177</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29177</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="feh7yczsria7j9ltpumv2q0r97b0o8x" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Czech.</text>
      <sha1>feh7yczsria7j9ltpumv2q0r97b0o8x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4631</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29178</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29178</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" sha1="i13l8s5oa241rm2rg66c0yk0ayoti2u" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Serbo-Croatian.</text>
      <sha1>i13l8s5oa241rm2rg66c0yk0ayoti2u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User zh-Hans</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4632</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29179</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T00:47:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29179</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="74" sha1="5f2xb9545audh3ioy27h0z1eymmrzzd" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Simplified Chinese.</text>
      <sha1>5f2xb9545audh3ioy27h0z1eymmrzzd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User zh-Hant</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4633</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29180</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T00:47:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29180</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75" sha1="1iqddz2bpr7casezbxjym3wprrsam52" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Traditional Chinese.</text>
      <sha1>1iqddz2bpr7casezbxjym3wprrsam52</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sco</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4634</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29181</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T02:11:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29181</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="6mb1y2cmg8dl2zha91zx4r2lqgx2n2v" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Scots.</text>
      <sha1>6mb1y2cmg8dl2zha91zx4r2lqgx2n2v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ts</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4635</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29182</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-19T00:37:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="nyy3rni7t8k80wzi3ztaolv9lwn7rxz" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Xitsonga.</text>
      <sha1>nyy3rni7t8k80wzi3ztaolv9lwn7rxz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User lzh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4636</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29183</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-19T00:42:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="72" sha1="q0yogpga2vuenpwxyhirs71uytyku5f" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Literary Chinese.</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="62" sha1="scuyv15dj0sov72hazcz8ean4qc3346" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Bangla.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="9rybo8prvhqqnqbx4edwoszintlsp2i" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Hindi.</text>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-19T11:00:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29186</origin>
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      <text bytes="65" sha1="0zu63klfw294ibg8807umewx5o2m6si" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Cantonese.</text>
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    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4640</id>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-19T17:47:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="65" sha1="rl7i65mq5yxg8mi0x9ibmcv9pdup34v" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Icelandic.</text>
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    <id>4641</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-20T12:54:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="73" sha1="g7dnlbtrmqz16b2fcnac7v211cgwdyj" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Norwegian Bokmål.</text>
      <sha1>g7dnlbtrmqz16b2fcnac7v211cgwdyj</sha1>
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  <page>
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    <id>4642</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-20T12:54:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29189</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="qq0h5mk37zx0wunwkj1j90qe7aeq0zr" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Georgian.</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-20T20:35:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29190</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="iwht6s3pdwugoyoglkat1jp6xi7g21v" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Malagasy.</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-23T12:47:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29191</origin>
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      <text bytes="60" sha1="tqal5pgmoeg965m7gbhelmp8wqyx90j" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Odia.</text>
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    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4645</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-23T12:47:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29192</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="60" sha1="ktm2y34luqk1z4aogmltuovahgfjyd9" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Pali.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:User kn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4646</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-23T12:47:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29193</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="63" sha1="ag5tal2a3flkx589c7k7qd6jofvdi7w" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Kannada.</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-23T13:48:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="61" sha1="p5eo6wxzqs8q8ev0fpu81kcqao6h0pa" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Greek.</text>
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    <title>Category:User grc</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4648</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-24T03:16:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29196</origin>
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      <text bytes="69" sha1="tdp5gljjq6lvcmgwj0b66e2g63k8naf" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Ancient Greek.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mpumalanga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-30T02:02:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
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      <comment>Added map</comment>
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'''Mpumalanga''' i xifundzha lexikulu laha tikweni ra [[Afrika-Dzonga]].

[[Category:Afrika-Dzonga]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Teeteeforlife</username>
        <id>8866</id>
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      <comment>T</comment>
      <origin>36725</origin>
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      <text bytes="315" sha1="rzvvhkuymbniaw07llwfphd4h6ii251" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gauteng in South Africa.svg|thumb|300px|Gauteng - Afrika-Dzonga]]
[[File:..Gauteng Flag(SOUTH AFRICA).png|thumb|left|120px|Gauteng]]

'''Gauteng''' i xifundzha-kulu laha tikweni ra [[Afrika-Dzonga]].  Gauteng i Vito ra xi[[Sotho]] kumbe xi[[Tswana]] leri vulaka &quot;ndhawu ya golide&quot;

[[Category:Afrika-Dzonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:User hu</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4651</id>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-27T18:53:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29202</origin>
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      <text bytes="65" sha1="32xc4n80bn5xf4f1j3yovc7vqo4dkqw" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Hungarian.</text>
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    <title>Category:User lv</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-28T20:52:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="63" sha1="ie2qauwrgi7w0k8txyt894579foqg0s" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Latvian.</text>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-28T20:52:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
      <origin>29204</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" sha1="bb6iua3awazadv42bebi7nafc5kqls8" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Abkhazian.</text>
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    <title>Category:User rn</title>
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      <timestamp>2017-06-28T20:52:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>4928</id>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="5lu2whb2ot6f31lvgc59um4sszga9r8" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Rundi.</text>
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    <title>Egypt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <redirect title="Gibita" />
    <revision>
      <id>29212</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-05T08:59:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
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      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Egypt]] to [[Gibita]]: Tsonga naming</comment>
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      <text bytes="20" sha1="n8mby4bcbfdlvx45ohgjlcnij1ppz7l" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Gibita]]</text>
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    <title>Byala</title>
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      <text bytes="3580" sha1="cq17ejj36elyd2msctsjwjnthhns3ey" xml:space="preserve">[[File:François_Louis_Jaques_Paysans_fribourgeois_au_bistrot.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa François Jaques: ''vavanuna va tsakela kunwa byala ebarheni ra Fribourg'' (Switzerland, 1923)]]
'''Byala''' i muxaka wa xitimula-torha lexingana [[ xihoko]] xa khale lexi tivekaka emisaveni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Alchemy of Culture: Intoxicants in Society|first=Richard|last=Rudgley|isbn=978-0714117362|year=1993|publisher=British Museum Press;|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Origin and History of Beer and Brewing: From Prehistoric Times to the Beginning of Brewing Science and Technology|first=John P|last=Arnold|isbn=0-9662084-1-2|year=2005|publisher=Reprint Edition by BeerBooks|location=Cleveland, Ohio}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=SHh-4M_QxEsC&amp;pg=PA10&amp;dq=oldest+beverage&amp;q=oldest%20beverage|title=World's Best Beers: One Thousand ... - Google Books|publisher=books.google.com|accessdate=2010-08-07|isbn=9781402766947|date=2009-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona lexi nwiwaka ngopfu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Volume of World Beer Production|work=European Beer Guide|url=http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/eustats.htm#production|accessdate=17 October 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;; xithela xi va xitimula-torha xavunharhu hi kurhandziwa, kulandzela [[Mati]] na [[Tiye]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=6xul0O_SI1MC&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=most+consumed+beverage|title=The Barbarian's Beverage: A History of Beer in Ancient Europe|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-31121-7|page=1|author=Max Nelson}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusweka ka byala swihlanganisa kuvirisa hi comela na chukela, hi kutirhisa vudangwana bya mavele kumbe rhayisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barth 2014&quot;&gt;Barth, Roger. &lt;/ref&gt; Byala bya manguva lawa bya nadzihisiwa hi kutirhisa matsavu yo karhi kumbe muhandzu. Matsalwa yakhale lama tiviwaka, mahlamusela maswekele na vuphakeri bya byala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Beer Before Bread|work=Alaska Science Forum #1039, Carla Helfferich|url=http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF10/1039.html|accessdate=13 May 2008|archive-date=9 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509121452/http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF10/1039.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xikhongelo xa xikwembu xa byala xa vaMesopotamiya, axitirhisiwa kuhlayisa maswekele ya byala eka ndhzavuko wa vona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nin-kasi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nin-kasi: Mesopotamian Goddess of Beer|work=Matrifocus 2006, Johanna Stuckey|url=http://www.matrifocus.com/SAM06/spotlight.htm|accessdate=13 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sumer&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Black|first1=Jeremy A.|last2=Cunningham|first2=Graham|last3=Robson|first3=Eleanor|authorlink3=Eleanor Robson|date=2004|title=The literature of ancient Sumer|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-926311-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
Maswekele ya byala masukela kwalomu ka malembe ya  9500 BC, loko vanhu va sungula ku byala mavele, naswona a byi tiviwa kuya hi matimu ya [[Iraki]] na [[Gibita]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-66615/beer|title=Beer|publisher=Britannica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va hlahluvi va Swityelwa swa matimu va pfumela leswaku byala byi ngava na xandla eku simekeni ka mindzhavuko ya vanhu. Kwalomu ka 5000 wa malembe lamahundzeke, vatirhi va dorobha ra Uruk (Leringa Iraki namunthla) avahakeriwa hi majomela ya byala.&lt;ref&gt;George, Alison (June 22, 2016). &lt;/ref&gt; Hinkarhi wa ku akiwa ka tiPhiramidi ta Giza, e Gibita, mutirhi un'wana na un'wana a a hakeriwa hi mindzheko ya nthlanu ya byala hi siku.&lt;ref&gt;Tucker, Abigail (August 2011). &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintsaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
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    <title>Muqombhoti</title>
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      <text bytes="4278" sha1="pmjk94bnwjyj7ucz9rgq5360dau9f33" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Muqombhoti
| Xifaniso = Umqombothi.jpg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mugayo; Comela
}}
'''Muqombhoti''' i byalwa bya ndhavuko wa Vatsonga lebyi a byi swekiwa hi ku hlanganisa mati, mugayo na comela.Byalwa lebyi loko byi vupfile i bya muhlovo wo basa wo rhomba. Byi nwiwa hi vakhegula na va khalabye, byalwa lebyi byi kombiwa vini va muti tanihi nsumo. Va hlengeletana ehubyeni vanwa. Muqombhoti a wu vabyisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Murray|first1=Slater|title=Umqombothi: Africas original beer|url=http://www.beerhouse.co.za/2014/10/30/umqombothi-africas-original-sorghum-beer/|publisher=Beerhouse|accessdate=5 June 2017|archive-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602034304/http://www.beerhouse.co.za/2014/10/30/umqombothi-africas-original-sorghum-beer/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Muqombhoti wu swekiwa hi ku sungula u tlhokola mavele, u tshivela ndzilo, kutani u tseleka poto ra mati ri khihlanyana. Loko mati ya vila musweki u nusa mugayo hi xiphaho a chela endzeni ka xirhundzu xi tala,kutani a ya chela endzeni ka xihari/diromu kutani a nusa comela hi xiphaho a chela endzeni ka xihari/diromu. Musweki u ka mati yo vila a cheletela endzeni ka diromu leri anga chela mugayo na comela, kutani musweki a teka mhandze a hakasela. Musweki u cheletela mati lawa a ri karhi a hakasa ku kondza swi vevuka ku fana na bilila/dini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Loko swi vevukile u swi tshika nkarhiwo ringana awara yin’we swi hola. Loko swi horile, musweki u nusa comela hi ntewana a chela endzeni ka diromu, ivi a hakasela ku kondza swi hlangana. Loko swi hlanganile, u funengeta a swi veka siku hinkwaro. Loko ri xa siku leri landzelaka, u ta funungula a languta loko swi kukumukile, kutani a ringeta loko swi dzunga. Loko swi
dzunga swi ta vula leswaku swi ta va swi virile, kasi loko swi nga dzungi, swi ta va swi vula leswaku a swi vilangi, kutani swi ta fanela ku vekiwa nakambe ku fikela loko u swi ringeta swi twala swi dzunga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Loko swi virile muswekiu ta tseleka poto exitikweni, kutani a teka ndzheko a ka mati endzeni ka diromu reriya hi nga chela mugayo, comela na mati eka rona. Musweki u fanele ku vona leswaku u ka mati ntsena, a nga tshuki a ka na swindlingi. Mati lawa u ya chela endzeni ka poto leri nga xitikweni. Loko mati ya vila u teka swidlingi leswi saleke endzeni ka diromu a cheletela
endzeni ka poto a ri karhi u hakasela hi mhandze leswaku swi nga tshweli. Musweki u fanele ku hakasa ku kondza swi phyaphyarha ku fana na mukapu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Loko swi vupfile u ta vona hi loko swi veka rikoko epotweni.Mukapu lowu wu vitaniwa leswaku i phiriva.Musweki u teka ndzheko a ka mukapu wutsongo endzeni ka poto a wu tota endzeni ka diromu leri a ri ri na ntsuvi ku endlela leswaku ntsuvi lowu nga salela wu suka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Musweki u fanele ku kelela phiriva endzeni ka poto, a cheletela endzeni ka makhuwana, kutani a ya veka ya hola ku ringana siku. Loko rixa hi xamundzuku, musweki u ta teka phiriva emakhuwaneni a chela endzeni ka diromu, kutani a chela ntewana wa comela a hakasela ku kondza swi hlangana. Loko swi hlanganile a funengeta a veka ku ringana siku. Loko ri xa mundzuku swi ta vonaka hi ku huma khuvi leswaku swi virile. Loko swi virile, a teka sefo ya byalwa a veka ehenhla ka poto, ivi a chela byalwa lebyi nga endzeni ka diromu, kutani a kandza endzeni ka sefo hi mavoko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Loko musweki a ri karhi a kandza byalwa byi ta wela endzeni ka poto, kutani ku sala masiha endzeni ka sefo. Masiha lawa u ta ma kama ivi a ma chela etlhelo leswaku a ta nyika tinguluve ti dya. Endlelo leri ro kandza endzeni ka sefo hi mavoko ri vuriwa leswaku i ku hluta. Byalwa lebyi nga hlutiwa byi pangeteriwa emakhuwanini, ivi byi nwiwa.Ku tirhisiwa mindzheko ku ka ivi byi cheriwa endzeni ka jomela byi nwiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2017-07-05T12:25:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:right; width:280px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%;&quot; | align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;'''{{{Vito}}}'''&lt;/b...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="559" sha1="5wjshatqzmj4gk5u41tlv3ct3r7tzzn" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:right; width:280px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%;&quot;
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;'''{{{Vito}}}'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;  |
{|
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;160&quot;  | [[File:{{{Xifaniso}}}|150px]]
|}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Muxaka:''' ||  {{{Muxaka}}}
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Byi endliwa hi:''' ||  {{{Byi endliwa hi}}}

|}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Byala|
| Vito = 
| Xifaniso = 
| Muxaka =
| Byi endliwa hi = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
[[Category:Wp/nr]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Template:Byala bya Xichangana]] to [[Template:Byala bya Xitsonga]]: Syntax</comment>
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      <text bytes="687" sha1="8qho5wspg985uswoqlhqy7vjwd5dlpf" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt; 
{{Navbox
&lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt;
| name = Byala bya Xichangana
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| title = [[Byala bya Xitsonga]]
| bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = 
| list1 =
[[Muqombhoti]] {{·}} [[Mbhambha]] {{·}} [[Nyota]] {{·}} [[Thothotho]] {{·}} [[Xifenukani]] {{·}}[[Badama]] {{·}} [[Ncayoni]] {{·}} [[Mukhubi]] {{·}} [[Ximpharamele]] {{·}} [[Xipopana]] {{·}} [[Xiriwana]] {{·}} [[Xikhalavatlana]] {{·}} [[Byalwa-Vucema]] {{·}} [[Nghwevu]] {{·}} [[Vukanyi]] {{·}} [[Dzova]] {{·}}[[Nyatshani]] {{·}} [[Mpahlwa]] {{·}} [[Phipha]] {{·}} [[Nhlowa]]

| below =
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mukhubi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4662</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29248</id>
      <parentid>29245</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T12:23:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2103" sha1="r9zdg4ua8d4ghtr509okkn0vhwo8hw3" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Mukhubi
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Vudyangwana
}}
'''Mukhubi''' i byalwa lebyi byi swekiwaka hi ku hlanganisa vudyangwana, chukele ro tshwuka na mati. Mukhubi iwo basa wu ku paa! Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandziwa hi vafana na majahantiyela. Byalwa lebya mukhubi hi nga byi fananisa na tibiya masiku lawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Loko u lava ku sweka mukhubi u fanele ku rhanga u tlhokola mavele leswaku ku ta huma vudyangwana lebyi u nga ta sweka mukhubi wa wena hi byona. Musweki u teka vudyangwana a chela endzeni ka khuwana, ivi a chela mati a swi veka swi vila. Loko a vona swi huma khuvi swi ta vula leswaku swi virile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Loko swi virile, ateka poto a tseleka exitikweni, ivi a ya ka mati ntsena le ndzeni ka khuwana leri a nga hlanganisa vudyangwana na mati. Mati lawa u ya chela endzeni ka poto ya vila. Loko ya virile musweki a nusa chukele ro tshwuka hi xinkambani a chela epotweni swi vila. Musweki u fanele ku hakasela leswaku swi ta kota ku hlangana. Loko swi hlanganile swi
ta sungula ku phyaphyarha.Musweki u ta swi tshika swi phyaphyarha ku kondza swi vupfa, kutani a phula a swi veka swi hola. Loko ri xa mundzuku a chela swicomelana switsongo hi xandla, ivi a hakasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Loko swi hlanganile musweki u ta teka sefo u veka ehenhla ka poto. Loko ari karhi a chela mati ya ta wela endzeni ka poto, ivi ku sala vudyangwana endzeni ka sefo. Ku ta va kona loko mukhubi wu vupfile. Mukhubi na wona wu pangeriwa endzeni ka makhuwana, ivi wu keleriwa hi ndzheko wu cheriwa endzeni ka majomela leswaku vanhu va tinwela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thothotho</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4663</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29250</id>
      <parentid>29247</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T12:26:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="2424" sha1="4put8kghhjucisbkcbprvqh1my1s5r6" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Thothotho
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Comela
}}
'''Thothotho''' i byalwa lebyi swekiwaka hi ku hlanganisa comela, mati na chukele ro tshwuka. Thothotho yi fananisiwa ni byalwa lebyi hi xilungu vange i Brendi. Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandza hi tinghamula na magayisa. Byalwa lebyi a byi ri na muhlovo wonge i mati.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Thothotho yi swekiwa hi ku loveka mati, comela na chukele ro tshwuka endzeni ka mbita, ivi u funengeta. Leswi swi hambanile na muqombhoti na mukhubi hikuva swi vekiwa nkarhi wo ringana mavhiki mambirhi leswaku swi vila kasi leswin’wana a swo vekiwa siku rin’we ntsena. Endzhaku ka mavhiki mambirhi u ta teka xidiron’wana u tseleka endzilweni, kutani u chela leswi nga
ndzeni ka mbita, u lava xindzhenghana u pfala, ivi u teka vulongo bya tihomu kumbe misava u lema xipfalo leswaku ku nga humi moya na wutsongo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Musweki u ta boxa xidiron’wana etsheveni ximbhovana lexitsongo xo ringana rihlanga, kutani u teka rihlanga u hoxa endzeni ka ximbhovana. Rihlanga leri ri fanele ku humela na le handle hi ximbhovana, ehansi ka rihlanga u kangatela hi ximbitana. Loko swi vila ku ta dzuka nyuku le ndzeni ka xidiron’wana, kutani wu ta khuluka hi rihlanga wu thonela embiteni. Loko swi sungula ku nthona, vanhu va fanele ku suka va ya tshama ekule hikuva va ri ni ku tshemba ka leswaku thothotho a yi lavi pongo. Swi nga nthona dyambu hinkwaro hikuva swo nthona hi rithonsi rin’werin’we.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Thothotho yi nwiwa hi xipfalo xa bodhlela. Lexi hlamarisaka hileswaku hambi leswi ku nga cheriwa chukele a swi tsokombeli. Thothotho yi bava ngopfu swinene. Loko thothotho yi vupfile yi va yi basile yi lo paa! Loko thothotho yi xavisiwa yi cheriwa endzeni ka mabodhlela ya tinipi kumbe tihafujeke. Ku vuriwa leswaku ku nwa xipfalo xin’we ntsena u ta va u lunghile. Ku tlula kwalaho u ta xurha nkarhi wo leha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mbhambha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>30783</id>
      <parentid>29251</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-03T20:18:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1575" sha1="slrxawmzopfi2r2d19g6492lx68zgnz" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Mbhambha
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Xinkwa; Xihenge
}}
'''Mbhambha''' i byalwa bya xintu lebyi swekiwaka hi ku hlanganisiwa mati, chukele ro tshwuka, xinkwa na xihenge. Byalwa lebyi a byi bhava swinene na swona lava a va byi nwa ngopfu a va vonaka hi ku tshukuluka milomu. Muhlovo wa byalwa lebyi i wo tshuka wu ku juu! Byalwa lebyi a byi nwa hi vakhalabye na vakhegula.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Mbhambha yi swekiwa hi ku tseleka mati endzeni ka poto, kutani ku cheriwa xihenge na chukele ro tshwuka. Musweki u fanele ku swi tshika swi vila swinene leswaku swi nga pandzisi vanhu tinhloko. Loko swi virile musweki u fanele a pfula a swi veka leswaku swi hola.Loko swi horile musweki u ta teka malofo yambirhi ya swinkwa swa buraweni u pfuvapfuva a chela endzeni ka
poto, kutani a nusa comela hi xinkambana a chela, kutani u funengeta. Loko swi virile u ta vona hiloko swi huma khuvi swi sungula ku phukula. Musweki ata teka sefo ya byalwa, kutani a hluta a chela ekhuwanini. Mbhambha yi cheriwa exikalweni hi ndzheko yi nwiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyota</title>
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      <id>29264</id>
      <parentid>29252</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T13:05:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
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| Vito = Nyota
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mukapu; Comela ra n’wahuva
}}
'''Nyota''' Nyota i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi ku sweka mukapu hi comela ra n’wahuva. Loko wu horile u ka muqombhoti u cheletela u ri karhi u hakasela. Loko swi hlanganile u ta swi veka kutani hi siku leri landzelaka swi ta va swi virile swi
huma khuvi. Loko swi humile khuvi, u ta pangela ekhuwanini u nwa. Loko byi ku bile u ta tsandzeka no yima..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
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  <page>
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    <id>4666</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29253</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T12:38:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Byala| | Vito = Byalwa-Vucema | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Nsinya wa Ncindzu }} '''Byalwa-Vucema''' byihambanile na b...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>29253</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1482" sha1="rgiyb84vmvngnlwyaumwbq6i43178hj" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Byalwa-Vucema
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Nsinya wa Ncindzu
}}
'''Byalwa-Vucema''' byihambanile na byalwa lebyin`wana hinkwabyo hikuva i byalwa lebyi kumekaka enhoveni ensinyeni lowu vuriwaka leswaku i ncindzu. Nsinya lowu wu fana na xiluva kambe wa rhumbuka ku fana na nsinya wa tibanana. Vakhegula na vakhalabye a va hamba va ya byi tshamela kwale nhoveni va nwa kona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Byalwa-Vucema byi endliwa ekhwatini. Vaendli va byona va ya ekhwatini va ya lava ncindzu. Loko wu rhumbukile ku fana na murhi wa mubanana, va teka rithlongwa va tsema, ivi va tlhoma ribyanyi va vekela mukhelo ehansi ka ribyanyi laha va nga tsema kona leswaku ku ta halaka mati ya tsutsuma hi ribyanyi ya halakela endzeni ka mukhelo. Loko mukhelo wu nga
talangi,vafanele varhendzeleka na nhova va lava yin’wana misinya kutani va tsema na yona va hlengeleta mati ya kona. Va fanele ku endlisa sweswo ku kondza mukhelo wu tala, kutani va tshama ehansi va tinwela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>rgiyb84vmvngnlwyaumwbq6i43178hj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xifenukani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4667</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29265</id>
      <parentid>29254</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T13:06:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29265</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1758" sha1="b5iru20itc58fvdzpcnvhapaxydjero" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Xifenukani
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Madleke yo bava ngopfu
}}
'''Xifenukani''' i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi madleke yo bava ngopfu. I byalwa lebyi endliweke hi ku pfuva vuswa byi swekiwa byi pyapyara. Muhlovo wu fana na [[muqombhoti]]. Ku hambana ka wona na muqombhoti hileswaku, xifenukani xi endliwa namuntlha mundzuku wu nwiwa, kasi muqombhoti wu heta vhiki wa ha swekiwa. Xifenukani xi rhandza hi vakhalabye na vakhegula..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Xifenukani xi endliwa hi ku pfuva vuswa u kandzela hi comela, kutani swi vila swi vuriwa leswaku i madleke. Madleke lawa ya tshikiwa ya vila ku kondza ya bava ya nga ha nweki hikuva ya hetile masikunyana. Ku suka kona musweki a tshivela ndzilo u tseleka madleke hi poto ya vila. Loko ya sungula ku phyaphyarha u ta ma phula leswaku ya ta hola.Loko swi horile musweki a
chela comela a hakasela swi kondza swi hlangana.Loko swi hanganile kahle a swi veka swi etlela ku fika mundzuku ka kona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Hi siku leri landzelaka musweki u teka sefo ya byalwa ahluta a cheletela emakhuwanini, ku suka kona byi cheriwa emajomeleni hi ndzheko, ivi byi nwiwa. Vito leri ra xifenukani ri tumbuluke eka ku va byalwa lebyi byi hundzukile ku suka eka madleke byi hundzuka byalwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>b5iru20itc58fvdzpcnvhapaxydjero</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Badama</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33109</id>
      <parentid>33098</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-13T12:55:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>3482</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.105.165.134|103.105.165.134]] ([[User talk:103.105.165.134|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]</comment>
      <origin>29256</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1799" sha1="0fjq4kpopn3050sepscr4jhr1d15t1r" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Badama
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mugayo; Vudyangwana
}}
'''Badama''' (''Badama-va-ku-secha'') i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi ku hlanganisa mugayo na vudyangwana. Byalwa lebyi byi fana na [[muqombhoti]]. Xikongomelo xa kona a kuri ku loko u nwile u ta tsandzeka ku famba kutani u vumbuluka kunene hansi vanhu va ku secha u nga twi nchumu. Mihlovo wa kona wu fana na muqombhoti. Byalwa lebyi byi rhandza hi vakhegula na vakhalabye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Byalwa lebyi byi swekiwa hi ku loveka vudyangwana vhiki hinkwaro. Endzhaku ka vhiki swi ta va swi virile. Loko swi virile musweki a ta swi twa swi bava loko a swi ringeta. Kutani musweki u ta swi chela endzeni ka poto a tseleka swi vila ku kondza swi phyaphyarha. Loko swi vupifile musweki u ta phula a swi veka swi hola, ivi a teka comela hi xinkambana a kandzela, ivi a
hlanganisela kahle swi hlangana kutani a swi veka swi vila.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Loko swi virile swi ta phuphuma khuvi, kutani musweki a teka sefo ya byalwa a hluta, a cheletela emakhuwanini, kutani byi keleriwa hi mindzheko byi cheleteriwa emikhelweni byi nwiwa. Byalwa lebyi byi thyiwe vito leri ra badama-va-ku-secha hikuva ku vuriwa leswaku loko byi ku bile a wa ha koti no yima, u to badama ehansi va ku secha hi ku rhandza u nga twi nchumu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>0fjq4kpopn3050sepscr4jhr1d15t1r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nghwevu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4669</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29268</id>
      <parentid>29259</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T13:10:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29268</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1541" sha1="7e29t7kzwf1667g6oipqg2ubxr1qnbz" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Nghwevu
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Swivirisi; Muqombhoti
}}
'''Nghwevu''' i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi ku hlanganisa chukele ro tshwuka, swivirisi na [[muqombhoti]]. Nghwevu iwo basa wu ku paa! Byalwa lebyi a byi a byi rhandza hi vavhana na majahantiyela. Vanhu lava a va ku a va nwi muqombhoti hikuva wu nunhwisa milomo. Byalwa lebya nghwevu hi nga byi fananisa na tibiya masiku lawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Nghwevu wu swekiwa hi ku ka mati u chela endzeni ka khuwana ri kihlanya, kutani u teka xinkambana xa chukele ro tshwuka u chela na swivirisi kumbe khuvi ra muqombhoti. Musweki u tlhela a teka comela a chela a hakasela hi mhandze ku kondza swi hlangana kahle. Loko swi hlanganile a swi veka swi vila nkarhinyana endzhaku ka nkarhi swi ta va swi virile. Leswi a swi teki nkarhi wo leha hikuva swi endliwa namuntlha swi tlhela swi nwiwa namuntlha. Byalwa lebyi byi tala ku endliwa loko ko tshika ku fike vayeni hi xihatla va nga languteriwangi hikuva na byona byi endliwa hi xihatla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>7e29t7kzwf1667g6oipqg2ubxr1qnbz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ncayoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4670</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36582</id>
      <parentid>29260</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-05-30T22:53:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rolloandy</username>
        <id>8711</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36582</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1546" sha1="jugqi6shdhse4g1kojhc999mm2rb2a2" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Ncayoni
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Comela; Swivirisi
}}
'''Ncayoni''' i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi chukele ro tshwuka, mati, comela na swivirisi. Ncayoni iwo basa wu ku paa! Byalwa lebyi na byo a byi rhandza hi vavhana na majaha ntiyela ku fana na [[Nghwevu]]. Ncayoni na yona hi nga yi fananisa na tibiya masiku lawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Ncayoni yi swekiwa hi ku chela mati endzeni ka khuwana kutani u teka chukele ro tshwuka u chela. Loko u cherile u ta ya lava khuvi ra muqombhoti u chela u teka na comela xitsongo u chela, kutani u swi hakasela swi hlanganana. Loko swi hlanganile u ta swi tshika xinkadyana, endzhaku u ya languta loko ku nga humi khuvi. Loko ku tlhutlha khuvi swi vula leswaku swa vila, kutani u teka comela hi xandla u chela u hakasela, u tlhela u swi veka. Ncayoni na yona ya yelana na nghwevu hikuva na yona yi endliwa namuntlha yi tlhela yi nwiwa namuntlha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://laboutiquedesindes.fr/ la boutique des indes] | iindawo zokuthenga ezigqwesileyo eFransi&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>jugqi6shdhse4g1kojhc999mm2rb2a2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ximpharamele</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4671</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37253</id>
      <parentid>37232</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-03-28T20:48:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 37232 by [[Special:Contributions/Batang00|Batang00]] ([[User talk:Batang00|talk]])</comment>
      <origin>37253</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1322" sha1="af5pe15o5yyz1mm8evtznb9iwmvgrd7" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Ximpharamele
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mugayo; Comela
}}
'''Ximpharamele''' i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi mugayo, chukele na comela.Ximpharamele i xo basa xi ku paa! Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandza hi vavhana na majahantiyela. Vanhu lava a va ku a va nwi muqombhoti hikuva wu nunhwisa milomo. Byalwa lebya xipharamele hi nga byi fananisa na tibiya masiku lawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Ximpharamele xi swekiwa hi ku loveka hi mugayo endzeni ka mbita ku fana na loko u endla bilila/dini. Loko ri xa hi xamundzuku bilila yi ta va yi bava. Loko swi bava swi vuriwa leswaku swi virile, kutani u sweka mukapu. Mukapu lowu wu fanele ku phyaphyarha ku kondza ku vonaka rikoko epotweni. Leswi swi ta va swi vula leswaku wu vupfile, kutani u nusa comela hi xandla u chela u hakasela ku kondza swi hlangana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>af5pe15o5yyz1mm8evtznb9iwmvgrd7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xikhalavatlana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4672</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29267</id>
      <parentid>29263</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T13:09:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29267</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1460" sha1="fvejxd02gpohaszopurdw3zqa5hobcf" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Xikhalavatlana
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Chukele ro tshwuka; Khalavatla; Swivirisi
}}
'''Xikhalavatlana''' i byalwa lebyi swekiwaka hi nkarhi wa ntshovelo emasin’wini hi ku hlanganisa khalavatla, chukele ro tshwuka na swivirisi. Muhlovo wa byalwa lebyi i wo tswhuka. Byalwa lebyi a byi vevukile ku fana na mati. Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandza hi vavhana na majaha ntiyela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Xikhalavatlani xi swekiwa hi ku pandzelela makhalavatla lawa ya nga vupfa kutani u teka mahlobyi ya kona u cheletela ekhuwanini.U ta nusa chukele ro tshwuka hi xinkambana u chela endzeni ka khuwana kutani u hakasela hi nkombe.Tlhela u chela swivirisi endzeni ka khuwana u hakasela. Loko swi hlanganile u ta funengeta u swi veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa u ta
kuma swi ri karhi swi tlhutlha khuvi, kutani u teka sefo u hluta. Byalwa bya kona hi lebyo tshwuka byi ku juu! Kwalaho byi ta cheleteriwa endzeni ka majomela byi nwiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>fvejxd02gpohaszopurdw3zqa5hobcf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xipopana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4673</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29270</id>
      <parentid>29269</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T13:13:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29270</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1164" sha1="89i676vt6o3bv5ybhox5m9dm1pc06b0" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Xipopana
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mapopo yo vupfa; Chukele ro tshwuka; Swivirisi
}}
'''Xipopana''' xi endliwa hi mapopo yo vupfa, chukele ro tshwuka na swivirisi. Byalwa lebyi byi halaka ku fana na mati, kambe wu na muhlovo wa xitshopi. Byalwa lebyi a byi rhandza hi vafana na majaha ntiyela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Xipopana xi swekiwa hi ku vandla mapopo yo vupfa, kutani u ma tsemelela u chela endzeni ka khuwana, ivi u chela chukele na swivirisi. U fanele u fungeta u veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa swi tlhutlha khuvi, swi ta va swi vula leswaku swi virile, kutani u teka sefo u hluta u chela endzeni ka jomela byi nwiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>89i676vt6o3bv5ybhox5m9dm1pc06b0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xiriwana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4674</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29271</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T13:15:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Byala| | Vito = Xiriwana | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mapopo yo vupfa; Chukele ro tshwuka; Swivirisi }} '''Xiri...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>29271</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1200" sha1="93z8jrwzp8hghtyiqlw8qacvu5xz5cr" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Xiriwana
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Mapopo yo vupfa; Chukele ro tshwuka; Swivirisi
}}
'''Xiriwana''' Xiriwana na xona i byalwa lebyi endliwaka hi nkarhi wa ntshovelo hi mariwa, chukele na swivirisi. Byalwa lebyi byi halaka ku fana na mati, kambe byi na muhlovo wa xitshopi. Byalwa lebyi byi nwiwa hi vafana na majahantiyela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Xiriwana xi swekiwa hi ku pandzelela mariwa u teka mahlobyi ya wona u chela endzeni ka khuwana u chela na chukele ro tshwuka hi xinkambana, kutani u chela swivirisi u funengeta u veka ku fikela hi xamundzuku. Loko ri xa swi ta va swi tlhutlha khuvi ku komba leswaku swi virile, kutani u teka sefo u hluta ivi byi nwiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>93z8jrwzp8hghtyiqlw8qacvu5xz5cr</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Dzova</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4675</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29276</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T13:41:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Byala| | Vito = Dzova | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi }} '''Dzova''' i muxaka wa byala bya vukanyi lebyi n...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1505" sha1="2zv4yzw2enwt57464qlpj5lk8kyf7wf" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Dzova
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi
}}
'''Dzova''' i muxaka wa byala bya vukanyi lebyi nga baviki. Vukanyi lebyi bya tsokombela naswona ku vuriwa leswaku a wu xurhi loko u nwa byona. Vanhwanyana va byi rhandza ngopfu vukanyi lebyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Loko u endla dzova, u rhwalela makanyi u ya hlengeletela kutani loko ya vuphile, u rhumbula u chela endzeni ka khuwana, u chela mati u ri karhi u chela na tinyungu endzeni ka khuwana. Loko u hetile ku rhumbula, u fanele u lava khuwana rin’wana, kutani u kama tinyungu endzeni ka rona. Ku suka kwalaho u teka rifetho u dludla endzeni ka khuwana u ri karhi u cheletela na
mati yo ringanela. Endzhaku u veka rifetho kutani u phosa hi mavoko ku fikela loko tinyungu ti sala ti basile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Muendli wa dzova u fanele ku kama tinyungu u veka etlhelo u funengeta khuwana ku fika mundzuku. Loko rixa, byi ta va byi hume khuvi, kutani u wungula khuvi u halata ku sala dzova ro tsokombela, vanhu va tinwela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>2zv4yzw2enwt57464qlpj5lk8kyf7wf</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyatshani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>36583</id>
      <parentid>29277</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-05-30T22:54:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rolloandy</username>
        <id>8711</id>
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      <origin>36583</origin>
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      <text bytes="1602" sha1="8h1xgyao906wiiy26mg9lrpz0zl36l5" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Nyatshani
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi
}}
'''Nyatshani''' i muxaka wa byala bya vukanyi. Vukanyi lebyi bya bavanyana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Loko u endla nyatshani, u rhwalela makanyi u ya hlengeleta ya vupfa. Loko ya vupfile, u teka foroko u ya rhumbula u chela endzeni ka khuwana. U ta chela nhlowa na tinyungu endzeni ka khuwana, kutani loko u hetile ku rhumbula u ta teka khuwana
rin’wana u kama tinyungu leti nga ndzeni ka khuwana ro sungula u kamela endzeni ka khuwana ra vumbirhi. Endzhaku u ta chela mati na nhlowa, u teka rifetho u dludla, ku suka kwalaho u phosa hi mavoko endzeni ka khuwana. Loko tinyungu ti basile, u ti kama u ti veka etlhelo kutani u funengeta khuwana u ri veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa khuwana ri ta va ri tale hi khuvi laha henhla, kutani u ta wungula khuvi u cukumeta, kutani u funengeta nakambe ku fikela siku ra vumbirhi. Hi siku leri vukanyi byi ta va byi bavanyana, kutani byi keriwa hi swinkambana byi nwiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://laboutiquedesindes.fr/ la boutique des indes] | iindawo zokuthenga ezigqwesileyo eFransi&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>8h1xgyao906wiiy26mg9lrpz0zl36l5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Mpahlwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4677</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36581</id>
      <parentid>29278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-05-30T22:52:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rolloandy</username>
        <id>8711</id>
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      <text bytes="1701" sha1="qdf3eyzrjwdx6wb2bikbbtk69ykzonh" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Mpahlwa
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi
}}
'''Mpahlwa''' i muxaka wa byala bya vukanyi lebyo bava ngopfu. Ku kuma swinkambana swimbirhi u to twa munhu a suma risimu ku komba leswaku u swi twile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Muendli wa mpalwa u sugula a rhwalela makanyi u ya hlengeleta ya vupfa, kutani u teka foroko u ya rhumbula, u cheletela endzeni ka khuwana. Cheletela nhlowa na tinyungu endzeni ka khuwana rin’we. Loko u hetile ku rhumbula, kama tinyungu u ti chela endzeni ka khuwana rin’wana, u teka rifetho u dludla, endzhaku u chela mati na nhlowa u phosa hi mavoko ku kala tinyungu ti basa. Kwalaho u ta funengeta u veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa u ta susa khuvi leri nga ta va ri ri henhla ka khuwana u ri cukumeta kutani u funengeta ku ringana masiku mambirhi. Loko u byi pfula, byi ta va byi basile byi lo paa!&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://laboutiquedesindes.fr/ la boutique des indes] | iindawo zokuthenga ezigqwesileyo eFransi&lt;/ref&gt;

Lebyi vukanyi loko wo byi welawela byi ta ku ba byi ku lata hansi. A byi bavi i tanani mi ta vona.Na byona byi keriwa hi swinkambana, byi nwiwa. A hi tinsimu ti nga ta yimbeleriwa no ciniwa loko se va byi twile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Phipha</title>
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    <id>4678</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29279</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-06T13:54:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Byala| | Vito = Phipha | Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg | Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu | Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi; vuswa; Comela ra n’wahuva }} '''Phipha''' i muxa...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1167" sha1="ob6btrwigfjdbwc6wrayignibf5lm82" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Phipha
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi; vuswa; Comela ra n’wahuva
}}
'''Phipha''' i muxaka wa byala bya vukanyi lebyi endliwaka hi vuswa, comela ra n’wahuva na vukanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Sweka vuswa byi vupfa.Loko byi vupfile u byi pfuva hi mati ku kondza byi olova tanihi mukapu. Kana vukanyi u chela u ri karhi u hakasela hi nkombe swi kala swi hlangana. Loko swi hlanganile, chela comela xa n’wahuva hi xinkambanau ri karhi u hakasela leswaku swi ta hlangana. Swi veke ku ringana masiku mambirhi, endzhaku swi ta va swi virile. Vukanyi lebyi byi xurhisa ngopfu na byona. Loko wo byi nwa ngopfu byi pandzisa na nhloko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>ob6btrwigfjdbwc6wrayignibf5lm82</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vukanyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4679</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36580</id>
      <parentid>29281</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-05-30T22:50:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rolloandy</username>
        <id>8711</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36580</origin>
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      <text bytes="2292" sha1="84l8ambtsx6ci6a287o4yo00hyqd8au" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Vukanyi
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Mati; Makanyi;
}}
'''Vukanyi''' i muxaka wa byala bya xintu lebyi endliwaka hi makanyi. Kuna tinxaka ta mune ta vukanyi, kunga [[Dzova]]; [[Nyatshani]]; [[Mpahlwa]] na [[Phipha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maswekelo==
Muendli wa vukanyi u fanele a rhwalela makanyi kutani u ma hlengeleta ya vupfa. Loko ya vupfile, u ta teka mbita u teka na foroko a tlhava kanyi hi rin’werin’we, a cheletela embiteni. Loko u ri karhi u chela embiteni, u kama mati lawa ya vuriwaka leswaku i nhlowa, u kamela kwale mbiteni, u ri karhi u chela na tinyungu kwale ndzeni ka mbita. Loko a hetile u ta teka khuwana u susa tinyungu endzeni ka mbita u ti chela endzeni ka khuwana u siya nhlowa ntsena endzeni ka mbita.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Muendli wa vukanyi u teka rifetho u dludla endzeni ka khuwana leri nga ni tinyungu, kutani a chela mati hi katsongotsongo qa dludla, endzhaku u hoxa mavoko endzeni ka khuwana, u pfuvapfuva tinyungu, leswi vuriwaka leswaku i ku phosa. Phosa ku kondza tinyungu ti sala ti nga ha ri na nchumu. Leswi swi ta va swi vula leswaku se ti vupfile. Loko byi vupfile, kama tinyungu u ti veka etlhelo ku sala mati.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Kutani muendli wa vukanyi a teka nhlowa luwa le ndzeni ka mbita a chela endzeni ka khuwana kutani u funengeta u swi veka ku fikela mundzuku. Loko ri xa u ta kuma swi humese khuvi, kutani u ri wungula laha henhla u cukumeta ku sala vukanyi byo tsokombela lebyi vuriwaka dzova. Loko vukanyi lebyi byi nga vekiwa ku fikela mundzuku byi sungula ku bava, vukanyi lebyi bavaka byi vuriwa nyatshani, kasi hi siku ra vunharhu vukanyi byi va byi bava ngopfu, kutani byona lebyi byi vitaniwa leswaku i mpahlwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://laboutiquedesindes.fr/ la boutique des indes] | iindawo zokuthenga ezigqwesileyo eFransi&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
      <sha1>84l8ambtsx6ci6a287o4yo00hyqd8au</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:User pih</title>
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      <timestamp>2017-07-06T19:24:48Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="72" sha1="a9089vx8gwk3smk0k3q7ksw5aj4p94n" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Norfuk / Pitkern.</text>
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    <title>Category:User nov</title>
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      <timestamp>2017-07-06T19:24:48Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="62" sha1="kaaufrc0q7lvqj9rteq7373xscsnio8" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Novial.</text>
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{{Navbox
&lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt;
| name = Minsinya hi Xitsonga
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| title = Minsinya hi Xitsonga
| bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = 
| list1 =
[[Nkanyi]] {{·}} [[Nkuhlu]] {{·}} [[Nkwakwa]] {{·}} [[Milala]] {{·}} [[Pfilu]] {{·}}[[Nkuwa]] {{·}} [[Nsala]] {{·}} [[Ximuwu]] {{·}} [[Nkonono]] {{·}} [[Nhlampfurha]] {{·}} [[Mondzo]] {{·}} [[Mhangana]] {{·}} [[Nhlangula (Nsinya)]] {{·}} [[Ntoma]] {{·}}[[Nthunduluka]] {{·}} [[Ndzhenga]] {{·}} [[Muringa]] {{·}} [[Mupayi]] {{·}} [[Muvhangazi]] {{·}} [[Mpopowa]] {{·}} [[Mpopowanhova]] {{·}} [[Mkhanyakude]] {{·}} [[Mbhandzu]] {{·}} [[Mbvuva]] {{·}} [[Mugwava]] {{·}} [[Ntshuguri]] {{·}} [[Xikaya|Xikaya/Mbafa]] {{·}} [[Xikhavi]] {{·}} [[Ximapana]] {{·}} [[Xipalatsa]] {{·}} [[Xirhomberhombe]] {{·}} [[Xithlangwa]] {{·}} [[Zavazava]] {{·}} [[Manuhana]] {{·}} [[Mbangi ya nhova]]

| below =
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xichangana]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Ximuwu</title>
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| name                       = Ximuwu
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Baobab and elephant, Tanzania.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = [[Swimuwu]]
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Swakudya]]{{·}}[[Vutshunguri]]{{·}}[[Mati]]
}}
[[File:Adansonia digitata 0013.jpg|thumb|right|Bulomo ra Ximuwu]]
[[File:Baobab Frucht.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Swimuwu]]
'''Ximuwu ''' i nsinya lowu kumekaka ngopfu-ngopfu e ndzhawini yo hisa ya mananga.&lt;ref name=wick&gt;{{cite book |last1=Wickens |first1=Gerald E. |last2=Lowe |first2=Pat |title=The baobabs pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia |date=2008 |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media, B.V |location=New York |isbn=9781402064319 |pages=31-}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku kula ka nsinya lowu, ku fambisana na vukona bya mati ya le hansi ka misava kumbe vukona bya timpfula,&lt;ref name=hank&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hankey |first1=Andrew |title=Adansonia digitata A L. |date=February 2004 |url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantab/adansondigit.htm |website=plantzafrica |accessdate=28 November 2015 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305063017/http://plantzafrica.com/plantab/adansondigit.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=wood&gt;{{cite web |last1=Woodborne |first1=Stephan, Dr. |title=Dating Africa's giants reveals far more than just age |url=http://ntww1.csir.co.za/plsql/ptl0002/PTL0002_PGE013_MEDIA_REL?MEDIA_RELEASE_NO=7523503 |website=CSIR |accessdate=25 November 2015 |archive-date=26 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126055210/http://ntww1.csir.co.za/plsql/ptl0002/PTL0002_PGE013_MEDIA_REL?MEDIA_RELEASE_NO=7523503 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona nsinya lowu wunga hanya malembe ya kwalomu ka magidi ya malembe.&lt;ref name=red&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Grové |first1=Naas |title=Redaksionele Kommentaar |journal=Dendron |date=November 2011 |issue=43 |page=14 |url=http://www.dendro.co.za/uploads/2/8/2/1/2821110/dendron-digital.pdf |accessdate=25 November 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035821/http://www.dendro.co.za/uploads/2/8/2/1/2821110/dendron-digital.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsinya lowu wu tshembiwa ngopfu tani hi xihlovo xa swakudya, mati, vutshunguri na vundzhawu byo tsama kona wu thlela wu va na swiyilana swo hambana-hambana.&lt;ref name=hank/&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Nsinya wa Ximuwu wu kumeka hi xitalo eka xifundzankulu xa [[Limpopo]] na [[Mpumalanga]]. Nsinya lowu wa kula swinene na ku tlhela wu va na vutomi byo leha swinene kumbe ku hanya malembe lamo tala swinene. Ximuwu xi tswala mihandzu leyi vuriwaka swimuwu. Mihandzu ya murhi lowu yi na muhlovo wa ribungu ehandle ka yona, yi tlhela yi va na voya. Mihandzu ya ximuwu a yi fayeki hi ku olova handle ko tirhisa ribye kumbe nchumu wo tsindzihela. Ximuwu xi na mapa yo basa na tinyungu na tintambu to lala to basa endzeni ka xikhwakhwa xa kona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Vanhu va dya mapa ya mihandzu ya murhi wa ximuwu na ku munyunga tinyungu ta kona na ku kampfunya kunene. Vanhu va teka masi ya homu loko ma ha ku sengiwa, va chela eka mihandzu ya ximuwu va dya. Swilo leswi swi nandziyela vanhu lava va swi dyaka swinene. Mapa lawa ya kumekaka eka mbewu ya kona na wona ma nandziha swinene, kambe a ya twali chukele ro dzungelanyana. Murhi wa ximuwu wu hlawulekile eka misinya yo tala swinene hikokwalaho wu fanekerile ku hlayisiwa swinene. Matluka, marhavi na mahanti ya kona swi tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi byo hambanahambana eka vanhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ku swekiwa matluka ya xitshopana na mihandzu ya kona kutani ku nwiwa. Matluka na mihandzu leyi loko swi swekiwile, swi tshungula vuvabyi bya mukhuflwana, nchuluko na ku hisaka miri. Vanhu va leVupeladyambu va tirhisa matluka na mahanti ku tshungula vuvabyi bya mitsakamiso na nchuluko. Matluka va ma tirhisa ku tshungula mukhuhlwana kasi vanhu va le tlhelo ra Dzonga va omisa mihandzu kutani va yi kandza ku endla mapa, va chela eka mukapu wa vana va dya. Mahanti ya nsinya lowu ya omisiwa ma rhumeriwa etindhawini to fana na Yuropa ku kota ku tshungula vuvabyi loko swi tikile laha va swi vulaka hi vito ra “cortex to cinchona bark”.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Medicinal plants of South Africa|last=Van Wyk|first=BE|publisher=Briza publications|year=1997|isbn=1875093095|location=Pretoria|pages=30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Murhi lowu wu tirhisiwa ngopfu eka ku tshungula vana lavantsongo va ku fana na lavo velekiwa va biwile kumbe va ri na xa le nhlokweni kutani va ondza hikokwalaho ko xanisiwa hi vuvabyi lebyi. Ku phaphiwa mahanti ma hlanganisiwa na makhambakutani ma lovekiwa ma heta masikunyana ematini. Endzhaku ka masiku mambirhi kumbemanharhu, mati yalawa ma va ma cincile muhlovo ma va yo tshwuka. Kutani manana wa muti u pfuka na mixo swinene, a humesa xikhuwana lexi a nga lovekela mahanti na matluka a xi veka enyangweni laha a humaka hi kona, kutani a hluvula nwana loyi a vabyaka tinguvu hinkwato. Nwana u hlambisiwa miri hinkwawo a langutisisiwe evuxeni bya nyangwa wa yindlu. Loko nwana a hlambisiwa a nga fanelanga ku khoma nhloko kumbe ku hlambisiwa ni nhloko hikuva u ta va na nhloko leyikulu loko a kula.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Nsinya wa ximuwu a wu tirhisiwi ku tshivela ndzilo hi wona swa yila.

mahanti na matluka swi tshungula vuvabyi bya malariya, nchuluko na mitsakamisi yo hisa. Valavisisi vo tala va vula leswaku murhi lowu wu tshungula vuvabyi byo tala hi ku hambana ka byona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2006|isbn=978177009237|location=Pretoria|pages=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>ahfvd8d5ckvgzwnid2vszogagxyusrl</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Mondzo</title>
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      <text bytes="3928" sha1="1c1hamkh08ucnjtc540984rndb8narq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Mondzo
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Combretum imberbe, habitus, Steenbokpan.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Tihunyi]]{{·}}[[Vutshunguri]]
}}
[[File:Combretum imberbe00.jpg|thumb|right|Mahanti ya Mondzo]]
'''Mondzo ''' wu mila enhoveni laha ku nga tala misinya swinene. Murhi lowu wa kala swinene hikuva vanhu va wu tirhisa mitirho yo tala swinene, wu tlhela wu tsindzihela. Vanhu va wu tirhisa ku aka hi wona tindlu ta vona, ku tshivela ndzilo, ku vatla tifanichara na swinwana na swinwana. Ndzilo wo tshiveriwa hi murhi wa mondzo wa pfurha swinene, wu tlhela wu va na makala yo tala swinene. Hi mikarhi liya ya khale, vanhu a va tirhisa makala ya mondzo eka ayini ya malahla ku ayina hi yona. Xigodo xa mondzo xi tirhisiwa ku endla matshuri na misi yo kandza mavele. Murhi lowu a wu dyiwi hi muhlwa. Hambi u aka darata hi wona a wu dyiwi hi muhlwa..&lt;ref name=dept&gt;{{cite web |last1=Herrmann |first1=E. |title=A Collation and Overview of research information on Combretum imberbe (Combretaceae) |url=http://www.daff.gov.za/doaDev/sideMenu/ForestryWeb/dwaf/cmsdocs/Elsa/Docs/PT/Combretum%20Imberbe%20Report%202003.pdf |website=daff.gov.za |publisher=Department of Water affairs and Forestry |accessdate=12 May 2015 |display-authors=etal |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212314/http://www.daff.gov.za/doaDev/sideMenu/ForestryWeb/dwaf/cmsdocs/Elsa/Docs/PT/Combretum%20Imberbe%20Report%202003.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
=== Ntirho wa Mahanti ya Mondzo:===
Vanhu va tala ku vatla tindyelo to dyela ka tona swakudya. Murhi lowu a wu olovi ku wu kuma enhoveni hikuva vanhu va wu tirhisa swinene. Loko vanhu va wu kuma va tsema va wu pulanela swilo swo hambanahambana. Mahanti ya mondzo ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula munhu loko a ttshwile hi ndzilo. Mahanti ya murhi lowu ma phaphiwa ma omisiwa, ma tlhela ma kandziwa hi tshuri kutani ma sefiwa. Xilondzo xi hola hi ku olova loko ku cheriwa mapa ya murhi lowu. Tikereke tinwana ti tirhisa nkuma wa mondzo ku vat i tshungula vanhu eka mavabyi ya vona. Vanhu lava va olela nkuma va chela exibyeni na mati va endla xiwacho xo hanyisa vanhu hi xona, va tlhela va tshemba leswaku loko va hlamba hi mati ya mondzo va ta suka mabadi lama va nga na wona emirini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ntirho wa matluka ya Mondzo:===
Matluka ya mondzo ya omisiwa ya tsondzeriwa hi nyuziphepha, va yi lumeka endzilweni va dzaha ku endlela ku tshungula mukhuhlwana. Loko ku swekiwa timitsu ta murhi lowu, mati lama humaka ma tirhisiwa ku pfula mbeleko eka vavasati lava va nga velekeki vana. Mati lama ma tlhela ma tsungula vuvabyi bya nchuluko na muthundagazi loko u wu nwa. Nkuma wa kona wu tirhisiwa ku hlantswa meno ma basa ma ku paa!. Murhi wa mukhuhlwana wu endliwa hi matluka. Vanhu va teka swiluva swa wona murhi lowu swi virisiwa kutani swi nwiwa leswaku swi tshungula mukhuhlwana. Swiluva swa nsinya wa mondzo swi pfuna munhu loko a khomiwile hi vuvabyi by mukhuhlwana, a tlhela a hisa matluka ya kona a dzaha, a kokela endzeni. Kutani munhu yoloye u ta kuma ku tshunguleka eka vuvabyi bya mukhuhlwana. Munhu loyi u ta sungula ku hefemula kahle. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2006|isbn=978177009237|location=Pretoria|pages=119}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>1c1hamkh08ucnjtc540984rndb8narq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ntoma</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-10-29T11:17:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>102.221.95.247</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ku tirhisa xidomana ku hlamba meno</comment>
      <origin>36807</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3245" sha1="jopwxqe3xqzs8mhzrllycyx6w5mn323" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Ntoma
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Diospyros mespiliformis MS 2107.JPG||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Tihunyi]]{{·}}[[Vutshunguri]]
}}

'''Ntoma''' i nsinya lowu talaka ku mila enhoveni, wu tlhela wu kula swinene. Murhi lowu wu na marhavi yo tala swinene na ndzhuti wo titimela swinene. Mihandzu ya kona yi vuriwa tintoma. Loko mihandzu leyi yi nga vupfanga, yi na muhlovo wa rihlaza, yi tlhela yi va na mahla loko u yi dya. Kasi loko yi vupfile, i ya xitshopana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |authorlink= |author=National Research Council |editor= |others= |title=Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits |origdate= |url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879 |format= |accessdate=2008-07-25 |edition= |series=Lost Crops of Africa |volume=3 |date=2008-01-25 |publisher=National Academies Press |location= |isbn=978-0-309-10596-5 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter=Ebony |chapterurl=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879&amp;page=253 |quote= |ref= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
=== Mihandzu ya Ntoma: ===
Mihandzu leyi yi rhandziwa swinene hi varisi, misinya na swiharhi swo fana na timfenhe. Tinyungu ta tintoma i ta muhlovo wa ribungu. Varisi va dya tintoma va tlhela va nwa mati va xurha. Tintoma timbisi ti dlaya tindleve loko munhu a ti dya hikokwalaho ka mahla ya tona. Khale ka khaleni, a ku tirhisiwa tintoma to ka ti nga vupfanga ku namarheta maphepha ya tibuku kumbe ku namarheta swifanisi emaphepheni hikuva khale a hi nga ri naswona swa Xilungu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ntirho wa Mahanti ya Ntoma: ===
Nkoka wa mahanti ya ntoma eka vanhu ya tshungula ku vava kale khwirini hikuva ku phaphiwa mahanti ya ntoma ma katsiwa na mahanti ya nkanyi u sweka kumbe ma lovekiwa. Kutani ma nwiwa na mati ya kona. Matluka, mahanti na marhavi swi tshungula vuvabyi bya matshasi, switshetshela, ku hisa ka misiha, nchuluko lowu katsaka ngati na swilondzo. Swilo leswi swa lovekiwa ematini kutani ku nwiwa mati ya kona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Xidomana kumbe xirhabyana xa ntoma xi tirhisiwa ku hlamba meno hi xona, matirhiselo lawa ya endliwa hi ndlela leyi: xirhabyana xa tsemiwa ivi xi khajiwa ku kota xi endla mapfimpfi lwala ya tirisiwaka ku hlamba meno ivi ku hlukuhliwa hi mati. 

=== Ntirho wa timintsu ta Ntoma: ===
Timintsu ta ntoma ti tirha ku tshungula nwana loko a ha ri ntsongo. Loko nwana a ha ku velekiwa, enhlokweni ya yena ka tlulatlula kutani vakhegula va ku u na xa le nhlokweni, ku tirhisiwa timitsu na swin'wana ku tshungula vana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2006|isbn=978177009237|location=Pretoria|pages=161}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>jopwxqe3xqzs8mhzrllycyx6w5mn323</sha1>
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    <title>Nkonolo</title>
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        <username>DNdubane (WMF)</username>
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| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Tihunyi]]{{·}}[[Vutshunguri]]
}}

'''Nkonolo''' i nsinya lowu talaka ku mila enhoveni laha ku tlhumeke. Matluka ya nsinya lowu i ya silivhere. Murhi lowu a wu na ndzhuti wo nyawula, wu tlhela wu nga tswali mihandzu. Murhi lowu wa nkonola wa tirhisiwa ku tshivela ndzilo, kambe nsinya lowu a wu na makala naswona tihunyi ta wona a wu tiyiseli.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=FAO&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5327e/x5327e1o.htm |title=''Terminalia sericea'' |author= |date= |work=Indigenous multipurpose trees of Tanzania |publisher=FAO Forestry Department |accessdate=2012-06-05 |archive-date=2012-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108054823/http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5327e/x5327e1o.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
=== Ntirho wa Mahanti ya Nkonolo: ===
Mahanti ma tlhela ma tshungula nchuluko na xilumi eka vavasati. Mapa wa mahanti ma tshungula vuvabyi bya chukele. Loko murhi lowu wu tsemiwile, mhandzi ya kona ya lovekiwa ku nwiwa mati ya kona kutani ma horisa vuvabyi bya mahahu na ku orhela musi wa tihunyi ta wona swi hlantswa mahlo lama vavaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2006|isbn=978177009237|location=Pretoria|pages=173}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntirho wa timintsu ta Nkonolo: ===
Timitsu na mahanti ya nsinya wa nkonola swi hanyisa vuvabyi bya ku vava endzeni ka khwiri. Timitsu ta nsinya lowu ti tlhela ti tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya muthundakazi kasi mapa ya timitsu ta nsinya lowu ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi byo lumalumiwa endzen ka khwiri hikuva ku omisiwa timitsu kutani swi sefiwa. Mapa ya kona ya tlhela ya tshungula ku pfula mbeleko eka vamanana loko va nga bebuli vana. Mapa ma kandziwa ma cheriwa evusikwini bya v aka manana ku ndlandlamuxa mbhovo wa xivelekelo xa vamanana, ku tlhela ma tshungula ku pfimberiwa na ku tshungula vuvabyi bya xa le nhlokweni xa nwana loko a ha rintsongo hi ku va ku cheriwa mapa lama emukapini wa nwana. Timitsu ta nsinya lowu ti tirhisiwa ku tshungula nchuluko na vuvabyi bya le ndzeni ka khwiri. Timitsu ta nsinya lowu tirhisiwaka nakambe xikandza kumbe matihlo. Mahanti ya nsinya lowu ya tshungula vuvabyi bya chukele na swilondzo. Loko munhu a ri na vuvabyi bya chukele, ku omisiwa mahanti, ku kandziwa kutani ku cheriwa emphungwini ku dyiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2006|isbn=978177009237|location=Pretoria|pages=288}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>fo80zad1nlkxtis2hxogt6wd10ris07</sha1>
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    <title>Nhlampfurha</title>
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}}
[[File:Ricinus communis DSC 0022.JPG|thumb|Nhlampfurha na mbhandzu wa kona]]
'''Nhlampfurha''' Murhi wa nhlampfurha i wa muhlovo wa rihlaza nakambe murhi lowu a wu kuli ngopfu naswona a wu lehanga. Loko moya wu ba, murhi lowu wa tshoveka hi ku olova hikuva wu larile. Nsinya lowu wu na matluka lamakulu ya swiphepherete, wu tlhela wu mila enhoveni na le makaya laha ku nga na tshanga ra tihomu. Nhlampfura i murhi wa nkoka eka vanhu vo fana na tin`anga hikuva va wu tirhisa ku tshungula vanhu lava va vabyaka. Mihandzu ya kona yi vuriwa tinhlampfurha. Marhavi ya nhlampfurha i yo tshwuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Phillips&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Roger |last1=Phillips |first2=Martyn |last2=Rix |year=1999 |title=Annuals and Biennials |page=106 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |isbn=0-333-74889-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
=== Mihandzu ya Nhlampfurha: ===
Mihandzu ya nhlampfurha a yi dyiwi hi vanhu. Vana lavantsongo va fanele ku lemukisiwa hi murhi lowu leswaku a wu dyiwi hikuva wu ni khombo lerikulu eka vutomi bya vanhu. Loko tinhlampfurha ti swekiwile ti humesa mafurha lama tirhisiwaka hi tin`anga.
Mihandzu ya nhlampfurha yi tswariwa yi ri hi xichocho. Mihandzu ya kona yi na muhlovo wa rihlaza loko yi nga si vupfa kasi loko yi vupfile yi cinca muhlovo wa rihlaza yi va ya ribungu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ntirho wa mafurha ya Nhlampfurha: ===
Loko tin`anga ti lava ku endla mafurha ya nhlampfurha, ti tshova ntshetsho wa kona ti wu sweka. Loko ku swekiwa tinhlampfurha vanhu va fanele ku songa masangu hikuva loko swo ka swi nga ri tano mafurha ya tinhlampfurha a ma nga humi. Tinhlampfurha ti cheriwa embiteni ti bambateriwa leswaku ti ta kukumuka naswona ti fanerile ku heta mavhiki mambirhi kumbe ku tlula ti nga si swekiwa. Loko tikukumukile, ku cheriwa mati epotweni lerikulu kutani ti swekiwa dyambu hinkwaro ku ri karhi ku tshiveleriwa ndzilo swinene. Mafurha ya kona ma ya ehenhla kasi tinhlampfurha ti sala ehansi loko ku endliwa mafurha. Mafurha lama ma swekiwa eka siku ra vumbirhi, ku ri karhi ku minyiwa mafurha epotweni. Loko ku ri karhi ku swekiwa, ku sefiwa mati ku sala mafurha ntsena. Mafurha ya kona ya cheriwa emabodhleni laha ma swi kotaka ku tshama malembe yo tala ma nga onhaki, ma tlhela ma xavisiwa. Mafurha lama ma nga tirhisiwa ku orha misisi na ku tirhisiwa eka vana loko va ha ri vantsongo ku sivela vuvabyi bya swirhumbana na ku tlhela ma nwiwa ku tshungula nchuluko eka vana na ku tlhela ma horisa silondzo. Kasi mati ya matluka ya kona loko ma nwiwa ma horisa ku vava endzeni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ntirho wa timintsu ta Nhlampfurha: ===
Mati ya timitsu ma horisa ku vava ka meno kasi matluka ya kona ma nga tlhela ma tirhisiwa ku thova munhu loko a vavisekile kumbe a pfimbile. Loko ti swekiwa ku tshiveriwa ndzilo lowukulu, ti cheriwa kona ti katingiwa ti kala ti cinca na muhlovo ti va ta ntima. Loko tinhlampfurha ti katingiwile ta hlantswiwa, ti tlhela ti anekiwa leswaku ti ta kandzeka na ku sileka kahle.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dättlikon</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-01-12T07:20:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziv</username>
        <id>11245</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>→ File has been renamed on Commons ([[:c:GR]])</comment>
      <origin>39879</origin>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Dättlikon'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
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{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
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|}

'''Dättlikon''', [[Switzerland]], [[Yuropa]].

* [http://www.daettlikon.ch Dättlikon]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Switzerland]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mhangana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4693</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33166</id>
      <parentid>33158</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-13T13:07:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>3482</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.105.165.134|103.105.165.134]] ([[User talk:103.105.165.134|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Maxakadzi|Maxakadzi]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1664" sha1="bmpuvlura5xrqy18ojwtdzg58nzf7d2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Mhangana
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Aloe ferox 1.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mafurha]]
}}
[[File:Aloe ferox.JPG|270px|right]]

'''Mhangana''' i nsinya lowu kumeka ngopfu-ngopfu e Afrika-Dzonga. Nsinya lowu wu hava mihandzu, kambe wuna makamba lama taleke mati naswona wu veka swiluva swotshuka. Murhi wa Mhangana wu tirhisiwa ngopfu ku horisa vuvabyi bya Nchuluko,&lt;ref name=&quot;floridata&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.floridata.com/ref/A/aloe_fer.cfm|title=''Aloe ferox''|publisher=Floridata|accessdate=14 May 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090501214044/http://www.floridata.com/ref/A/aloe_fer.cfm| archivedate= 1 May 2009 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}&lt;/ref&gt; na swona mati ya wona wa tirhisiwa ku endla mafurha yo tola xikandza.&lt;ref name=&quot;plantzafrica&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantab/aloeferox.htm|title=''Aloe ferox'' Mill.|publisher=PlantzAfrica|accessdate=14 May 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090507072304/http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantab/aloeferox.htm| archivedate= 7 May 2009 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuhangalaka ==
Nsinya lowu wu kumeka ngopfu e misaveni leyi omeke naswona yiri na maribye. Wa kumeka e makhwatini ya mananga, naswona wuthlela wukumeka e ribuweni ra Kapa ra vuxa-dyambu kufikela e Natala, kuya e nwalungwini e Mzambhiki, e Swazini na Zimbabwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;plantzafrica&quot;/&gt;

== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhlowa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4694</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29345</id>
      <parentid>29344</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-10T14:28:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>29345</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2051" sha1="7g1ubv7xtu506iwi5bgd4o4paw13yxi" xml:space="preserve">{{Byala|
| Vito = Vukanyi
| Xifaniso = Coats of arms of None.svg
| Muxaka = Byala bya Xintu
| Byi endliwa hi = Makanyi;
}}
'''Nhlowa''' i muxaka wa byala bya xintu lebyi endliwaka hi makanyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku hambana na [[Vukanyi]], byala lebyi a byi cheriwi mati, byi endliwa hi mati ya makanyi ntsena.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maswekelo ==
Loko ku rhumburiwa nhlowa ku cheriwa mati, ku humesiwa tinyungu ti kamiwa kutani ti humesa mati ya makanyi ntsena. A ku cheriwi mati eka nhlowa. Ku cheriwa ntsena mati ya makanyi emakhuwanini kutani eka siku leri landzelaka ku rhumburiwa makanyi ku kondza ku tatiwa khuwana. Nhlowa wu vekiwa ekhuwanini ku ringana vhiki ra ha vila. Muhlovo wa nhlowa loko wu virile, i wa muhlovo wo tshwuka juu! Ku vunguriwa hi mitshetsho ya mavele kumbe hi nsefo byi sala byi nga ha ri na khuvi leswaku byi nwiwa kahle hi vanhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Mahlayisele ==
Nhlowa a wu boli, wu tlhela wu dakwisana swinene. Loko nhlowa wu rhumburiwile wu cheriwa ekhuwanini, wu tlhela wu celeriwa emisaveni wu pfariwa hi ndhichi. Mbita ya kona yi va yi celeriwile ehansi ka nsinya. Khuwana ra kona ri va ri pfariwile hi ndyelo leyi yi lemiwaka hi vulongo bya tihomu. Vukanyi bya nhlowa bya heta lembe, ku kondza byi ya humesiwa hi khisimusi endzhakuka loko magayisa ma vuyile hi le xilungwini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xichangana}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xichangana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muringa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4695</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38917</id>
      <parentid>38916</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-09-01T18:33:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JeanWiki27</username>
        <id>10891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed grammatical errors</comment>
      <origin>38917</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2460" sha1="952kmk6w505kxjso99l4cr70ndcd0x5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Muringa
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:DrumstickFlower.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Vutshunguri]]
}}
[[File:Moringa flower 5.jpg|thumb|right|Swiluva swa Muringa]]
'''Muringa''' i nsinya lowu langutekaka ingaku i xiluva. Nsinya lowu i ndzhuti ha la tlhelo wu pfuna vanhu ku kuma ko wisela kona ku fana na murhi wa mkhanyakude. I Nsinya lowu nga ni switlukana leswintsongo ku lava ku fana na ximuwu, ndzhuti wa kona wu vangiwa hi marhavinyana ya kona yo kala. Nsinya lowu wa muringa wu tshungula mavabyi hi ku hambana ka wona. Loko muringa u wu tsakela u nga wu dya kunene u nga wu swekangi kumbe u wu sweka u nwa mati ya kona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lostcrops&quot;&gt;{{cite book |authorlink= |author=National Research Council |editor= |others= |title=Lost Crops of Africa: Volume II: Vegetables |url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11763 |accessdate=2008-07-15 |edition= |series=Lost Crops of Africa |volume=2 |date=2006-10-27 |publisher=National Academies Press |location= |isbn=978-0-309-10333-6 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter=Moringa |chapterurl=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11763&amp;page=247 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
=== Ntirho wa Mahanti ya Muringa: ===
Matluka ya muringa hi wona ma tirhisiwaka ku swinene. U fanekele ku kha matluka ya muringa u ma omisa endzhaku u ma sila ma endla mapa kutani u nga nantswa kumbe u chela eka mukapa u dya. Matluka ya muringa u nga tlhela u ma dya ma nga endliwangi nchumu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ntirho wa Mahanti ya Muringa: ===
Mahanti ya muringa ma phaphiwa ma lovekiwa kumbe ma swekiwa, ma thoveriwa eka milenge kumbe mirhi loko wu vava.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

=== Ntirho wa timintsu ta Muringa: ===
Timitsu ta muringa ti tirhisiwa ku hanyisa munhu loko a lumiwa endzeni kumbe ku chuluka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://laboutiquedesindes.fr/ la boutique des indes] | iindawo zokuthenga ezigqwesileyo eFransi&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nhlangula (Nsinya)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4696</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30751</id>
      <parentid>29433</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T05:53:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>30751</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2807" sha1="02ifbxmc471qcqpl7oqducze93fas4c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nhlangula
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Euclea crispa, habitus, b, Uniegeboutuine.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Vutshunguri]]
}}
[[File:Euclea crispa00.jpg|thumb|right|Swiluva swa Nhlangula]]
[[File:Euclea crispa, loof en vrugte, Nkwe.jpg|thumb|right|Mihandzu ya Nhlangula]]
'''Nhlangula''' i nsinya lowu milaka etlhelo ka milambu laha ku kumekaka mati hixitalo.&lt;ref name = palmer&gt;{{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Eve |authorlink=Eve Palmer |title=A Field Guide to the Trees of Southern Africa |pages = 282-284 | year=1977 |publisher=Collins |location=London, Johannesburg |isbn=0-620-05468-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mihandzu ya murhi lowu yi khiwa hi ku olova hi varisi hikuva a wu kuli wu ya ehenhla naswona a wu na mitwa yo tlhava. Mihandzu ya kona yi vuriwa tinhlangula yi tlhela yi kumeka hi xichocho. Loko mihandzu leyi yi ri yimbisi yi na muhlovo wa rihlaza kasi loko yi vupfile yi na muhlovo wa ntima bya tintshuguri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Mihlangula yi rhandziwa ngopfu hi varisi, vana lavantsongo na misinya swa nhova hikuva ya nandziha swinene kasi matluka ma dyiwa hi swiharhi swa nhova na swifuwo swa le kaya. Murhi lowu a wu byariwi ekaya hikuva a wu na ndzhuti. Mihlangula ya hambana ku ya hi tindhawu leti yi kumekaka kona. Ku na nhlangula lowukulu na nhlangula lowuntsongo. Marhavi ya kona ma rhandziwa ngopfu hi vavasati hikuva ma pfurha swinene loko va tshivela ndzilo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
=== Ntirho wa Matluka ya Nhlangula: ===
Matluka ya nhlangula ma lovekiwa ematini, ma cheriwa exipeyitini kutani ku peyitiwa munhu loyi a nga dyiwa hi xikuna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

=== Ntirho wa timintsu ta Nhlangula: ===
Timitsu ta nhlangula ti horisa vuvabyi bya chukela, switshetshela, ku boheka endzeni na vuvabyi bya swimungwamungwana. Mapa ya timitsu loko ma kandziwile, ma tshungula vuvabyi bya meno loko ma vava kasi timitsu ti tirhisiwa ku hlantswa meno na ku tshungula vuvabyi bya maxinini. Marhavi ya kona loko ma swekiwile ma tshungula vuvabyi bya marhambu, mukhuhlwana na muthundagazi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2000|isbn=|location=Pretoria|pages=151}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nthunduluka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4697</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30753</id>
      <parentid>29435</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T05:55:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>30753</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1987" sha1="m7wyiame0zmaucn2xqhxzwk18z3cnih" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nthunduluka
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Ximenia caffra04.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Vutshunguri]]
}}
[[File:Ximenia caffra01.jpg|thumb|right|Mihandzu ya Nthunduluka]]
'''Nthunduluka''' wu tala ku mila laha ku omeke swinene, laha misava ya kona yi nga ya ntima ku fana ni le xidakeni. Misava ya kona yi tlhela yi va ya vumba. Murhi lowu wu na mitwa yo ka yi nga talanga, yi tlhela mitwa ya kona yi nga tontswanga. Mihandzu ya murhi wa nthunduluka yi vuriwa tinthundluka. Mihandzu ya murhi lowu yi na muhlovo wa rihlaza loko yi nga vupfanga kasi loko yi vupfile yi ni muhlovo wo tshwuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
=== Ntirho wa Matluka ya Nthunduluka: ===
Matluka ya murhi lowu ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya mahlo na mukhuhlwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

=== Ntirho wa timintsu ta Nthunduluka: ===
Timitsu tona ti tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya lendzeni, ku vava ka khwiri na swilondzo emirini wa munhu. Nakambe murhi lowu wu tshungula vuvabyi bya ku tsakamisa na vusiku.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2000|isbn=|location=Pretoria|pages=115}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintirho yin'wana: ==
Vanwana vanhu va tirhisa murhi lowu eka ku ti sirhelela eka timhaka to tika. Vanhu va teka mahanti va endla ntsambu kutani va tsimba exisutini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
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  <page>
    <title>Mupayi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <parentid>29438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T05:57:53Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
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| name                       = Mupayi
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Pinus densiflora Kumgangsan.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Vutshunguri]]
}}

'''Mupayi''' wu byariwa enhoveni hikuva wu endla thyaka, kambe vanhu vanwana va wu byala emakaya ya vona va sasekisa hi wona. Murhi lowu a wu tswali mihandzu, wu tlhela wu va na switlukana leswintsongo onge i neleta hi xivumbeko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Misinya leyi yi tirhisiwa ku vatla tifanichara, ku aka hi wona na swinwana. Timitsu ta kona ti hlanganisiwa na matluka ya matatana swi swekiwa ku herisa vuvabyi bya nchuluko na rifuva.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndzhenga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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| name                       = Ndzhenga
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Dichrostachys cinerea-IMG 9469.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Vutshunguri]]
}}
[[File:Dichrostachys cinerea MHNT.BOT.2016.12.25.jpg|thumb|right|Mihandzu ya Ndzhenga]]
[[File:Dichrostachys cinerea Bild0885.jpg|thumb|right|Xiluva xa Ndzhenga]]
'''Ndzhenga''' wu tala ku mila enhoveni, laha wu vangaka khwati ra mitwa swinene. Murhi lowu wu taleriwile hi mitwa swinene hikokwalaho vanhu a va wu rhandzi ku wu byala emakaya. Murhi lowu a wu kuli ngopfu wu ya ehenhla, kambe wu tala ku kula wu andlala wu khomana na mindzhenga leyinwana yi endla khwati lero tlhuma swinene. Mihandzu ya ndzhenga a yi dyiwi hi vanhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Hi nguva ya vuxika ndzhenga wu dzudza matluka kasi loko ku fika nguva ya ximumu wa hluka matluka lamantsongo hi xivumbeko xa wona. Tihunyi ta ndzhenga ti rhandziwa swinene hi vamanana hikuva ta pfurha swinene loko u tshivela ndzilo hi tona. Swiharhi swo fana na mimpfundla na timhunti swi tala ku endla swikhundla swa swona kona ku endlela leswaku swi nga hlaseriwi hi ku olova hi valala va swona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
=== Ntirho wa Matluka na Marhavi ya Ndzhenga: ===
Murhi wa ndzhenga wu tshungula vuvabyi bya nchuluko, ku vava ka meno, mukhuhlwana na swirhumbana leswi kumekaka emikolweni. Matluka ya kona ya siriwa, ma cheriwa laha munhu a lumiweke kona hi nyoka kumbe xipamu leswaku ku ta hola. Mati lama humaka ematlukeni loko ma siriwile, ma tshungula ndleve leyi vavaka. Ku hlanganisiwa kamatluka, mahanti na timitsu swi pfula mbeleko eka vaxisati na ku sivela ku vava ekhwirini. Mapa lama humaka loko ku kandziwile timitsu, ma tshungula vuvabyi bya mongolo, vuvabyi bya xiongolela na ku horisa swirhumbana leswi humaka evusikwini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

=== Ntirho wa Timitsu ta Ndzhenga: ===
Matluka ya murhi lowu ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya mahlo na mukhuhlwana. Timitsu ta nsinya lowu wu tshungula vuvabyi bya nhlana, nhloko, ku vavisa ka miri na byinwana vuvabyi. Timitsu ta ndzhenga ti hlanganisiwa ni misinya yinwana swi tshungula eka vanhu lava pfumalaka vana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Ntirho wa Mbewu ya Ndzhenga: ===
Mafurha ma horisa swirhumbana swo nwayisa leswi vuriwaka rhwemburhwembu na vuvabyi bya nhlonge. Loko murhi lowu wu omisiwile, wu tlhela wu kandziwa ku huma mapa, wu tirhisiwa ku sivela ku kuma khwiri na ku nyuhelisa nwana loko wu cheriwa emukapeni leswaku nwana a dya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2006|isbn=|location=Pretoria|pages=91}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintirho yin'wana: ==
Mihandzu ya nsinya lowu na mahanti ya kona swi omisisiwa kutani swi tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya swirhumbana leswintsongo na ku tshungula miri wa munhu. Matluka ma ncakunhiwa kunene ku sivela nchuluko ematikweni yo fana na Namibia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muvhangazi</title>
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    <id>4700</id>
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| name                       = Muvhangazi
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Pterocarpus angolensis.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Vutshunguri]]
}}

'''Muvhangazi''' Murhi lowu wu tala ku kumeka enkoveni, wu hava mitwa na ku tlhela wu leha. Mahanti ya wona i yo tshwuka bya ngati loko ma phaphiwile. Murhi lowu a wu tswali mihandzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Mapa ya mahanti loko ma kandziwile ma hlanganisiwa na mukapu swi tshungula vuvabyi bya mongolo, ku halaka ngati yo tala, vuvabyi bya muthundagazi na xilumi eka vamanana. Mahanti yo tata voko ya lovekiwa ematini ku ringana siku hinkwaro ku kala mati ma cinca ma va ya muhlovo wo tshwuka kutani ma nwisiwa munhu loyi a vabyaka hi vuvabyi bya nhlana. Loko mapa ya mahanti ma cheriwa eswakudyeni ma horisa vuvabyi bya nhloko, ku lumiwa endzeni, ku pfula mbeleko, swilondzo swa nhloko na nomo. Mati ya kona ma tirhisiwa ku horisa vuvabyi bya tindleve loko ma kameriwa etindleveni. Loko mahanti ma lovekiwile, ku hlambisiwa vanhu mabadi. Loko nkuma wa timitsu wu siriwile wu tshungula vuvabyi bya rifuva, vuvabyi bya tingana na malariya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintirho yin'wana: ==
Tihunyi ta kona a ti tshiveriwi hikuva tin`anga ti tala ku phapha mahanti yo tshwuka ti endla murhi, ti chela ematini kutani ti hlambisa vanhu mabadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mpopowa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4701</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30758</id>
      <parentid>29440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T05:59:40Z</timestamp>
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| name                       = Mpopowa
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Carica papaya - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-029.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Swakudya]]
}}

'''Mpopowa''' i nsinya lowu vekaka mihandzu ya mpopo. Nsinya lowu wu tala ku kumeka enkoveni kumbe laha mati makumekaka hixitalo, wu hava mitwa na ku tlhela wu leha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Mpopowa wu suka e Meksikho, naswona mu byariwe ematikweni yo hambana-hambana ya Afrika na Indiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;morton&quot;&gt;{{cite web|year=1987|author=Morton JF|publisher=NewCROP, the New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops &amp; Plant Products, Purdue University; from p. 336–346. In: Fruits of warm climates, JF Morton, Miami, FL|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html/%7ctitle=Papaya%7cyear=1987|title=Papaya|accessdate=23 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matluka ya Mpopowa ma thlela ma tirhisiwa ku thsungula vuvabyi bya [[Malariya]].&lt;ref name=Titanji&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Titanji, V.P. |author2=Zofou, D. |author3=Ngemenya, M.N. |year=2008 |title= The Antimalarial Potential of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Malaria in Cameroonian Folk Medicine |journal=African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=302–321 |pmc=2816552 |pmid=20161952}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mpopowanhova</title>
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| name                       = Mpopowanhova
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Cussonia spicata - Cabbage tree - South Africa.JPG||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Swakudya]]
}}
[[File:Cussonia spicata.jpg|thumb|right|Matluka ya Mpopowanhova]]
'''Mpopowanhova''' i nsinya lowu fanaka na [[Mpopowa]], kambe wu hava muhandzu. Nsinya lowu wu tala ku kumeka enhoveni laha mati makumekaka hixitalo, wu hava mitwa na ku tlhela wu leha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsinya lowu wu kumeka ngopfu ematikweni ya Dzonga wa Afrika, naswona yi rhandziwa ngopfu hi tindlopfu.&lt;ref&gt;Minute 6-7; April 5 2009 episode)[[Naked Scientists]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Mati ya mahanti ya tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya malariya, vuvabyi bya swa masangu, xiongolelo, ku hisaka miri, ku hlamba timbilu na ku tshikisa nwana vele leswaku a nga ha mami. Timintu ta murhi lowu ta dyeka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pza.sanbi.org/cussonia-spicata|title=Cussonia spicata {{!}} Plantz Africa|website=pza.sanbi.org|access-date=2017-07-11|archive-date=2017-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707172715/http://pza.sanbi.org/cussonia-spicata|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Papawa wa nhova wu mila enhoveni laha ku nga tlhuma swinene. Murhi lowu a wu tswali mihandzu. Matluka ya wona ma fana na matluka ya khavichi kasi mhandzi ya kona ya rhetemuka. Murhi lowu wu dzudza matluka hi nkarhi wa xixika wu tlhela wu hluka hi ximunwana. Timitsu ta nsinya lowu a ti dyiwi hikuva ti na chefu. Matluka ya papawa wa nhova ya hambana na matluka ya mpopo wa le kaya hikuva ya mpopo wa le kaya i ya xiphepherete kasi papawa wa nhova wu na matluka yo tala. Murhi lowu a wu byariwi ekaya hikuva a wu tswali mihandzu yi tlhela yi nga dyiwi. Mahanti ya kona a ma nonohi naswona ma tirhisiwa tanihi xipeyiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
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    <title>Mkhanyakude</title>
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| name                       = Mkhanyakude
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Ngorongoro Acacia xanthophloea.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Tihunyi]] {{·}} [[Vutshunguri]]
}}
[[File:Natal Fever Tree (5045324678).jpg|thumb|right|Swiluva swa Mkhanyakude]]
[[File:Acacia xanthophloea leaves.JPG|thumb|right|Matluka ya Mkhanyakude]]
'''Mkhanyakude''' wu tala ku kumeka enhoveni ngopfu etikweni ra Natal. Murhi lowu wu tala ku mila ekusuhi na milambu, wu tlhela wu taleriwa hi mitwa swinene. Nsinya lowu wa vangama swinene. Murhi lowu wu tala ku byariwa emakaya, madorobeni, tindhawini ta vuwiselo na kunwana hikuva wu endla ndzhuti wa kahle. Vanhu va kumeka va kuma vuwiselo bya kahle eka murhi lowu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Mahanti na timitsu ta murhi lowu swi tshungula vuvabyi byo hambanahambana. Loko vanhu va lava ku kuma nhlanhla, va hlamba hi wona na ku phalaza leswaku va ta hlongola mabadi. Loko munhu a twa ku vava endzeni ka khwiri wa nwa leswaku ku ta hola ku vava endzeni. Mahanti ya murhi lowu ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula mukhuhlwana na mahlo, kasi hi tlhelo murhi lowu wu tirhisiwa tanihi tihunyi to tshivela ndzilo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}

[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
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  <page>
    <title>Ray Phiri</title>
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| Vito = Ray Phiri
| Xifaniso = Ray Phiri.jpg
| Ntirho = Muqambhi, Muyimbeleri
| Siku ro velekiwa = 23. Nyenyankulu 1947
| Ndhawu yo velekiwa = Nelspruit; Mpumalanga; Afrika Dzonga
}}

'''Raymond Chikapa Enock Phiri''' (23 [[Nyenyankulu]] 1947 - † 12. [[Mudyaxihi]] 2017) a kuri nqambhi na muyimbeleri wa vunanga bya Jazz na mbaqanga wa laha [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]], loyi a tswariweke e[[Mpumalanga]] naswona tata wakwe a kuri mutirhi wo suka e tikweni ra [[Malawi]] loyi a a tiviwa hi ra  &quot;Just Now&quot; Phiri. U sungule ntlawa wa vunanga lowu a wu tiviwa hi ra Cannibals eka malembe ya ma 1970. Loko ntlawa wa Cannibals wu hangalaka, Ray u sungule ntlawa wa vunanga lowu a wuvuriwa Stimela, naswona va thlomiwe risiva ra Nsuku na Platinamu hileswi va xaviseke ti Albamu to tala, leti hlanganisaka ''Fire, Passion and Ecstacy'' (1991), ''Look, Listen and Decide'' (1992) na ''People Don't Talk So Let's Talk''.

== Malembe ya le ndzhaku ==
Ray Phiri u velekiwe ekusuhi na Nelspruit khale ka vuxa bya Transvaal, leyi nga xifundza xa Mpumalanga, e Africa Dzonga. Hi lembe ra 1985, Paul Simon u kombele Ray ku hlanganisa na Ladysmith Black Mambazo leswaku va hlanganela eka pfumba ra yena ra Graceland, leri humeleleke naswona ri kote ku pfuna tinqambi to tala ta Afrika Dzionga ku tiveka eminsungeni ya malwandle. Ray uthlele a tirhisana na Paul Simon ekuhumeleriseni albamu ya ''Rhythm of the Saints'', leyi vangeke leswaku vaya chaya emahlweni ka xitshungu e Central Park na Madison Square Garden vathlela va vonakala eka nongonoko wa Thelevixini e tikweni ra Amerika. Hi lembe ra 2012, Paul Simon u lulamise pfumba ro heta malembe ra Graceland nakambe laha Ray atheleke a hlanganela eke pfumba leri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Channel24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | title = Billionaire funds Ray Phiri's Aus visit | author =  | work = Channel24 | date = 19 May 2011 | accessdate = 2015-11-15 | url = http://www.channel24.co.za/Music/News/Billionaire-funds-Ray-Phiris-Aus-visit-20110519 | language =   | quote =  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ta vutomi bya yena ==
Phiri uvile eka tinghozi ta mimovha to hlaya leti khumbeke vutomi bya yena na vuqambhi bya yena. Phiri uvaviseke ngopfu hi lembe ra 1987 eka nghozi ya movha leyi hundzeke na vutomi bya vachayi kulori va yena va ntsevu kuhlanganisa na Manejara wakwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;City Press&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | title = Phiri's tragic life of car accidents | trans-title =  | last = Samayende | first = Sizwe | last2 = Arenstein | first2 = Justin | work = City Press | date = 23 November 2003 | accessdate = 2015-11-15 | url = http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/citypress/2003/11/23/C1/4/01.html | language = af  | quote =  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mg.co.za&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | title = Ray Phiri in accident, wife killed | work = The M&amp;G Online | date = 19 November 2003 | accessdate = 2015-11-15 | url = http://mg.co.za/article/2003-11-19-ray-phiri-in-accident-wife-killed | quote =  }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi lembe ra 2003, nsati ulovile eka nghozi ya movha, laha Ray a vavisekeke ngopfu.

Ray Phiri u love hi ti 12 ta Mudyaxihi 2017, a ri na malembe ya 70, exibhedlele xa Nelspruit hi vuvabyi bya Mfukuzana. &lt;ref name=TimesLive&gt;{{cite news|title=Music veteran Ray Phiri has died|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2017-07-12-music-veteran-ray-phiri-has-died-reports/|accessdate=12 July 2017|publisher=TimesLive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kuhumelela ka yena ==
Phiri uthlomiwe tinsiva to tala hikwalaho ka vuqambhi na vunanga bya yena, rin'wana ra risiva leri kuve Order of Ikhamanga ra Silvere leri a rithlomiweke hi Presidenti ya tiko ra Afrika Dzonga. Risiva leri urikume hikwalaho ka ntirho wayena eka Vunanga na kutirhisa vuyimbeleri ku hlohlotela nhluvuko e van'whini.&lt;ref name=&quot;sahistory.org.za&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | title = Raymond (Ray) Chikapa Phiri | author =  | work = South African History Online | date =  | accessdate = 2015-11-15 | url = http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/raymond-ray-chikapa-phiri | language =  | quote =  | archive-date = 2015-11-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117063742/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/raymond-ray-chikapa-phiri | dead-url = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vuqambhi byakwe ==
* 1982: ''Fire, Passion And Ecstasy''
* 1983: ''Rewind''
* 1985: ''Shadows, Fear And Pain''
* 1986: ''Look, Listen And Decide''
* 1987: ''Unfinished Story''
* 1989: ''Trouble In The Land Of Plenty''
* 1996: ''Out Of The Ashes''
* 2000: ''Steam Tracks'' (Best of)
* 2001: ''Live At The Market Theatre - 1st Half'' (Live)
* 2002: ''The 2nd Half'' (Live)
* 2010: ''A Lifetime...''
* 2011:  ''Turn On The Sun''

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Minkombo yale handle ==
* [http://www.music.org.za/artist.asp?id=138 Profile on music.org.za] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719163426/http://www.music.org.za/artist.asp?id=138 |date=2017-07-19 }}
* [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/chikapa-ray-phiri-mn0000534184 Profile on allmusic.com]

[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Tinqambhi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mbhandzu</title>
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      <text bytes="2592" sha1="rw88o3dluyky9idwdd69xs6oech4eys" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Mbhandzu
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Apple-leaf (Philenoptera violacea) (11711998106).jpg|260px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Timhandzi]]
}}
[[File:Apple-leaf (Philenoptera violacea) fruits (11712060946).jpg|thumb|right|260px|Matluka ya Mbhandzu]]
'''Mbhandzu''' wu tala ku mila etindhawini etlhelo ka nambu kumbe enhoveni. Laha murhi lowu wu milaka kona ku kumeka ku ri na mati ya le hansi hi xitalo. Nsinya lowu wu na matluka lamakulu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Malamule|first=R.J.|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsinya lowu wu sirheleriwile e tikweni ra Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;dwaf&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf
|title=Protected Trees
|accessdate=13 June 2013
|publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa
|archive-date=5 July 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705085122/http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf
|dead-url=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Murhi lowu wa mbhandzu wu tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi byo hambanahambana. Matluka na mahanti swa swekiwa kutani swi nwiwa ku endlela ku horisa mukhuhlwana. Loko swi swekiwile swi nga si hola, swi funengetiwa hi nkumba leswaku ku ta huma nkahelo wa kona. Munhu loyi a vabyaka, u funengetiwa hi nkumba lowu leswaku a ta dzuka nyuku ku ta huma mukhuhlwana lowu. Nsinya lowu wu hi pfuna ku endla timhandzi to aka hi tona na ku pfuna ngopfu ku hlanganisa na misinya yinwana ku aka muti.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2006|isbn=|location=Pretoria|pages=125}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swin'wana ==
Murhi lowu a wu tirhisiwi ku tshivela ndzilo hi wona hikuva vanhu va khale a va wu tirhisa ku biya miti hi wona. Tihunyi ta murhi lowu ti talele hi nkuma swinene. Nsinya lowu wa dzudzeka matluka hi nkarhi wa xixika ku fana na misinya yinwana. Timhandzi ta mbhandzu va biya hi tona miti ya vona hikuva a ti teka nkari wo leha ku dyiwa hi muhlwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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    <title>Mbvuva</title>
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| name                       = Mbvuva
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Combretum erythrophyllum, herfsloof, a, Nkwe.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Timhandzi]]
}}
[[File:Combretum erythrophyllum, tak met loof, Tuks, a.jpg|thumb|right|Matluka ya Mbvuva]]
'''Mbvuva''' i murhi lowu milaka kunwana na kunwana. Murhi lowu loko wu byariwile ekaya wu tirha tanihi ndzhuti na ku sivela mabubutsa loko ma ba hi matimba. Mihandzu ya mbvuva a yi dyiwi hikuva ya dlaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=schm&gt;{{cite book |last1=Schmelzer |first1=G.H. |last2=Gurib-Fakim |first2=A. |title=Medicinal plants 2 |date=2013 |publisher=PROTA Foundation |location=Wageningen |isbn=9789290815204 |pages=70-73}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Vamanana va rhandza ku tshivela tihunyi ta murhi lowu hikuva a wu na mitwa naswona wa pfurha na ku va na makala swinene. Nsinya lowu wu tshungula vuvabyi byo hambanahambana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=1998|isbn=|location=Pretoria|pages=164}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahanti na timitsu swi horisa vuvabyi bya tingana loko swi swekiwile swi nwiwa. Mati ya kona ma horisa vuvabyi byinwana nab yinwana eka munhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Matluka ya murhi lowu ma horisa vuvabyi bya mukhuhlwana na ku vava ka le ndzeni ka khwiri. Matluka lama ma khiwa ma swekiwa kutani ma nwiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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    <title>Mugwava</title>
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| name                       = Gwava
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Psidium guajava flower 26032014 01.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mihandzu]]
}}
[[File:Psidium guajava fruit.jpg|thumb|Mbhandzu wa Gwava]]
'''Gwava''' i nsinya lowu byariwa ekaya. Nsinya lowu wu mila hi ku olova swinene, naswona mihandzu ya wona yi dyiwa hi vanhu na swihari swa nhova, yi tlhela yi xavisiwa etimakete ta mihandzu..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
I nsinya lowu wu mila hi ku olova swinene ku fana na loko munhu a dyile mihandzu leyi, kutani a ya tirhuma emakhwatini wu sala wu mila loko mpfula yi na. Mugwava wa byariwa na le kaya hikuva na wona i wunwana wa misinya ya mihandzu ku fana na misinya ya milamula, manghozi na yinwana misinya. Mihandzu yi dyiwa hi vanhu na misinya swa nhova, yi tlhela yi xavisiwa etimakete ta mihandzu. Loko murhi lowu wu byariwile ekaya, wu endla ndzhuti wa kahle lowu dzudzekaka matluka hi nguva ya xixika ku fana na misinya yinwana kasi hi ximunwana wa hluka matluka na wona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhiselo ==
Matluka ya nsinya wa Gwava ya tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya mukhuhlwana. Ku swekiwa matluka ku nwiwa mati ya kona ma hlanganisiwile na matluka ya mugamugamu. Ku tekiwa xuka u tikhumbumeta hi rona kutani u koka nkahelo wa kona, u dzuka nyuku. Loko munhu u huma kwalani u ta va a tshungulekile eka mukhuhlwana lowu a wu n`wi khomile. matluka ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula mikarhi yinwana ku tirhisiwa mahanti na timitsu. Matluka ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya nchuluko. Matluka ya murhi lowu nakambe ma nga pfuneta ku tshungula vuvabyi byi fana na vuvabyi bya chukele, mukhuhlwana, tialisa, swilondzo na malariya. Matluka ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya chukele etikweni ra Kapa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ntshuguri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4711</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30764</id>
      <parentid>29452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T06:04:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
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| name                       = Ntshuguri
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Carissa spinarum near Hyderabad W IMG 7615.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mihandzu]]
}}
[[File:Carissa ovata fruit.jpg|thumb|right|Muhandzu wa Ntshuguri]]
'''Ntshuguri''' wu mila etlhelo ka nkova na tindhawu to tlhuma swinene. Murhi lowu a wu kuli swinene, kambe wu endla khwati ro tlhuma swinene. Marhavi ya kona ya nembelela ehenhla ka misinya yinwana. Mihandzu ya ntshuguri yi vuriwa tintshuguri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Tintshuguri ti na muhlovo wa rihlaza loko ti ri timbisi kasi loko ti vupfile i ta muhlovo wa ntima wo hatima bya khwezu. Loko ntshuguri wu tsemiwa, wu humesa mafi yo basa ku fana na loko tintshuguri ti nga si vupfa. Mafi ya ntshuguri ma namarhela. Murhi lowu wu taleriwile hi mitwa yo tsindzihela swinene. Nsinya lowu a wu khandziyeki hi ku olova hikokwalaho ka mitwa wa wona. Hi nguva ya vuxika, murhi lowu wu dzudza matluka..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Tintshuguri i swakudya swa varisi, misinya na switsotswana swa nhova. Mihandzu leyi yi dyiwa loko yi vupfile na loko yi nga vupfanga, kambe yi va yi ri na mahla, yi tlhela yi namarhela onge i chapisi, yi tlhela yi tshapuka. Timitsu ta ntshuguri ti tshungula vuvabyi bya rifuva, ku khohlola, vuvabyi bya masangu. Mati ya timitsu ya lovekiwa kutani ma cinca muhlovo ma va yo tshwuka kutani va n`wi nwisa mati ya kona. Mati lama ma tlhela ma cheriwa emukapeni va nyika nwana leswaku a ta tsunguleka eka vuvabyi ya xinyama na ku pfula mbeleko wa va ka manana. Mati lama ma tlhela ma tiyisa timayisele ta munhu loyi a tikeke na ku horis mavabyi ya mahahu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Siku leri wansati a bebulaka a nga hlweli naswona xivelekelo xa yena xa pfuleka hi ku hatlisa. Loko u lava ku endla murhi hi timitsu ta ntshuguri, va ti tseleka endzilweni kutani ti humesiwa ti ri karhi ti hisa, ku thoveriwa rhumba leri ri nga boxekeki kutani ri boxeka ku huma thyaka hinkwaro ri hola na ku tsungula vuvabyi bya ku pandza ka nhloko. Mihandzu ya kona yi tirhisia ku tshungula vuvabyi bya swivungwana endzeni ka khwiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xikaya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4712</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38169</id>
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      <timestamp>2024-06-29T17:25:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xiorre</username>
        <id>10685</id>
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      <comment>changed an information box that needed updating as it had not been changed in nearly 4 years.</comment>
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      <text bytes="2549" sha1="t1uegqf4ptcjls05eamoj68ksqudlef" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Xikaya (Mbafa)
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Acacia nigrescens, habitus, Steenbokpan, a.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mihandzu]]
}}
[[File:Acacia nigrescens, knoppiesbas, Steenbokpan, a.jpg|thumb|right|Mhandzi ya Xikaya]]
'''Xikaya (Mbafa)''' murhi wo hlawuleka eka vanhu va Vantima hikuva va tirhisa rhavi ra murhi lowu ku tlhandleka ehenhla ka sirha ra munhu ku va xitshundzuxo. Tihunyi ta xikaya a ti ngheni ekaya hikuva swa yila naswona a ti tshiveriwi hi vavasati.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;


'''‘Xikaya’''' is also an alias. 

== Nhlamuselo ==
Tintshuguri ti na muhlovo wa rihlaza loko ti ri timbisi kasi loko ti vupfile i ta muhlovo wa ntima wo hatima bya khwezu. Loko ntshuguri wu tsemiwa, wu humesa mafi yo basa ku fana na loko tintshuguri ti nga si vupfa. Mafi ya ntshuguri ma namarhela. Murhi lowu wu taleriwile hi mitwa yo tsindzihela swinene. Nsinya lowu a wu khandziyeki hi ku olova hikokwalaho ka mitwa wa wona. Hi nguva ya vuxika, murhi lowu wu dzudza matluka..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==Nhlamuselo ==
Murhi lowu a wu tali ku kumeka emakaya hi xitalo hikuva wu mitwa yo tlhava swinene. Handle k ova xikaya xi va na mitwa a xi rhoteriwi hi vamanana hikuva vanhu va tshemba leswaku i xikombiso xa leswaku xi tlhandlekiwa ehenhla ka sirha loko munhu a lovile. Varisi na vatsongwana a va swi rhandzi ku kandziya va kha mihandzu ya kona hikuva wu na mitwa. Vanhu va khale a va kholwa leswaku loko ku tlhandlekiwa richacha kumbe rhavi ra murhi lowu ehenhla ka sirha, mufi a nga ka a nga ha ha vuyi ekaya a ta va xanisa. Mufi u fanele ku etlela, a nga beriwi huwa hi vanhu, a etlelela makumu.

== Matirhisele ==
Vanhu va cela timitsu ta murhi lowu vati sweka hi mati kutani ti nwiwa leswaku ti ta tshungula vuvabyi bya switshetshela. Vuvabyi bya swtshetshela byi tala ku vabya munhu kan`we loko n`weti wu huma kumbe wu ri xikarhi naloko n`weti wu pela.vanhu vo fanela ku yirisa loko a nyika munhu murhi hi nkarhi wolow a nga tikatsi eka timhaka ta masangu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>t1uegqf4ptcjls05eamoj68ksqudlef</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xikhavi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4713</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30766</id>
      <parentid>29459</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T06:06:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>30766</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1950" sha1="f2ucncofjfet2204qvmjtz15wta9fs3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Xikhavi
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Combretum hereroense, habitus, Steenbokpan, a.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Tihunyi]]
}}
[[File:Combretum hereroense, vrugte, Steenbokpan, a.jpg|thumb|right|Matluka ya Xikhavi]]
'''Xikhavi''' xi tala ku mila enhoveni, etlhelo ka nambu. Xikhavi a xi na ndzhuti hikuva marhavi na matluka ya kona ma hangalakile. Mbewu ya xikhavi i yo tshwuka, yi tlhela yi tirhisiwa ku endla tiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Nsinya lowu a wu kumeki hi xitalo enhoveni tanihi leswi vatatana, vahloti xikan`we na varisi va tsemaka marhavi ya kona va endla mikhavi yo khayima swifuwo swa vona enhoveni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Vatatana va tsema marhavi ya murhi lowu va ya biya miti ya vona. Mhandze ya xikhavi ya hlwela ku bola loko yi celeriwile. Xikhavi na xona xi tirhisiwa ku vatla matshuri, mikombe, misi na swinwana. Mahanti ya murhi lowu ya tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi byo ba hi timbilu, xiongolelo, vuvabyi bya mahawu na ku pfula mbeleko eka vamanana. Mbewu kumbe mahanti ya swekiwa kutani ma nwiwa. Matluka ma tshungula vuvabyi bya nhloko loko u orhela na ku herisa swivavi hinkwaswo swa miri. Nkahelo wa matluka loko ma swekiwa wu tshungula switlhavi swa miri. Timitsu ti tshungula switlhavi swa miri, vuvabyi bya le ndzeni, ku lumalumiwa kumbe ku twa ku vava endzeni. Timitsu ta swekiwa kutani ta nwiwa..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>f2ucncofjfet2204qvmjtz15wta9fs3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ximapana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4714</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36509</id>
      <parentid>30767</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-03-29T06:40:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>164.151.136.2</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi nghenise swirhatana leswi a swi kayivela eka marito yo fana na  n'wana, enhan'wini,.</comment>
      <origin>36509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1703" sha1="2pzlvfeo7egeg9zgbouov2hkuccaa0k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Ximapana
| title                      = 
| image                      = 
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mihandzu]]
}}

'''Ximapana''' xi mila enhoveni eka tindhawu leti ku nga na mati swinene. Mihandzu ya kona yi vuriwa swimapana. Murhi lowu a wu kuli ku ya ehenhla kambe wu kula ku fana na ndzhenga, wu endla khwati wu tlhela wu duvuka swiluva swa xitshopana na ku tlhela wu tswala mihandzu yo tshwuka yo ka yi nga dyiwi hi vanhu kambe yi dyiwa hi misinya na switsotswana swin'wana swa nhova. Murhi lowu wu dzudza matluka hi nkarhi wa xixika ku fana na yin'wana misinya kasi loko ku fika nkarhi wa ximun'wana wu hluka matluka na wona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Timitsu na mahanti swi lovekiwa embiteni swi nwiwa leswaku swi ta tshungula vuvabyi bya xilumi, ku pandza ka nhloko hi matimba, vuvabyi bya rifuva na switshetshela. Murhi lowu wu tlhela wu horisa vuvabyi bya vana loko va ha ri vantsongo loko va nga si wisa nkava. Ku siriwa mahanti ya chigwana, ma nantswisiwa n'wana, va tlhela va bohelela n'wana lapi enhan'wini leswaku a nga chuhi loko ku tshuka ku nghena vanhu vo ka va nga basanga. Mihandzu ya murhi lowu yi horisa vuvabyi bya tindleve.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>2pzlvfeo7egeg9zgbouov2hkuccaa0k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xipalatsa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4715</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30768</id>
      <parentid>29466</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T06:08:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>30768</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1893" sha1="hgc9rblfydl1ngtoktzgvhwgla8lb0a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Xipalatsa
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Brachystegia spiciformis.png||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Timhandzi]]
}}

'''Xipalatsa''' xi mila enhoveni laha ku nga tlhuma swinene. Nsinya lowu wu mitwa yo tiyela kumbe ku tsindzihela swinene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Loko vavasati va tshivela tihunyi ta murhi lowu, ti humesa makala yo tala lama tirhisiwaka ku ayina swiambalo hi ayini ya malahla. Emikarhini liya ya khale ku nga si va na gezi, vanhu a va tirhisa ayini ya malahla ku ayina tinguvu ta vona. Malahla lama a va ma kuma eka ndzilo lowu a wu tshiveriwile hi tihunyi ta misinya leyo tshindzihela tanihi xipalatsa, mondzo na yinwana misinya yo tsindzihela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Nsinya wa xipalatsa wu na tihunyi to sweka hi tona leti vatshiveri va tilavaka swinene. Timitsu ta nsinya wa xipalatsa ti tshungula vuvabyi bya nhloko na meno. Loko munhu a ri na vuvabyi bya nhloko kumbe meno u loveka timitsu kutani a nwa, a va a tshungulekile eka vuvabyi bya yena. Nsinya wa xipalatsa va wu tirhisa ku endla matshuri, mikombe, misi yo kandza hi yona mavele, tindyelo na swinwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2006|isbn=|location=Pretoria|pages=187}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>hgc9rblfydl1ngtoktzgvhwgla8lb0a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xiphalatsa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4716</id>
    <redirect title="Xipalatsa" />
    <revision>
      <id>29467</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-12T12:08:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Xiphalatsa]] to [[Xipalatsa]]</comment>
      <origin>29467</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23" sha1="a1pqocvvwafstwpj7sbr4p6ge8nbmby" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Xipalatsa]]</text>
      <sha1>a1pqocvvwafstwpj7sbr4p6ge8nbmby</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xirhomberhombe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4717</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36936</id>
      <parentid>36935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-22T08:33:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36936</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2679" sha1="qyh33qce1ighsngwxgxusel01fcjms7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Xipalatsa
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Mulemba.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Muhandzu]]
}}
[[File:Mulemba_Fruto.jpg|thumb|Mihandzu ya Xirhomberhombe]]
[[File:Mulemba Folhas.jpg|thumb|Matluka ya Xirhomberhombe]]
'''Xirhomberhombe''' a xi hambanangi ngopfu na nkuwa hikuva na xona xi mila enhoveni. Nsinya lowu na wona wu na mafi yo basa yo tala swinene. Mihandzu ya xirhomberhombe i matatana naswona yi hambanile ni ya makuwa hi muhlovo hikuva yona yi na muhlovo wo tshwuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Mihandzu ya murhi lowu yi rhandziwa swinene hi misinya, timfenhe, timbuti na swiharhi swinwana swa nhova. Mihandzu ya kona a yi kulanga ku fana na makuwa. Murhi lowu wu kula ku fana na misinya yinwana. Marhavi ya kona ma rhetemuka ku fana na ya nkuwa. Mihandzu ya kona yi rhandziwa na hi varisi loko va twa ndlala enhoveni tanihi hiloko na yona yi ri yinwana ya mihandzu ya nhova.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Mahanti ya xirhomberhombe ma humesa mati lama vuriwaka mafi yo basa, lama ma tirhisiwaka ku tatisa mafi eka vamanana lava mamisaka. Ku phaphiwa mahanti lawa ma swekiwa kutani ku nwisiwa manana loyi a pfumalaka mafi yo mamisa nwana wa yena. Mapa ya mahanti ya thoniseriwa eka xirhumbana kutani xi va xi horile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mati ya timitsu loko ma swekiwile ma tshungula swilondzo swa le nhlokweni, ku vava loku humelelaka loko munhu a heta ku tsakamisa, ku sivela ku humela hi khwirhi na ku pfula mbeleko eka vamanana. Mati ya timitsu ya horisa vuvabyi bya rifuva “TB” na nchuluko. Mati ya murhi lowu ma tshungula mahlo na ku yimisa ku hlanta. Mahanti na timitsu swa kandziwa swi hlanganisiwa na matatana swi tirhisiwa ku horisa mukhuhlwana. Murhi lowu wu tshungula vuvabyi bya mukhuhlwana, wu pfuna na leswaku loko wansati a tikile a sirhelela leswaku ri nga humi. Loko munhu a nwa murhi wo endliwa hi timitsu ta nsinya lowu, swi yimisa ku humaka ngati hi tinhompfu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sappi tree spotting: Lowveld, including Kruger National Park|last=Grant|first=R|publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd|year=2000|isbn=|location=Pretoria|pages=153}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>qyh33qce1ighsngwxgxusel01fcjms7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xithlangwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4718</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30770</id>
      <parentid>29476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T06:10:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>30770</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1698" sha1="d7tbjxetrlo9wygbt4eznwuuseog7mu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Xithlangwa
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Maytenus heterophylla02.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Tihunyi]]
}}

'''Xithlangwa''' xi mila enhoveni, xi tlhela xi tala ku kumeka emikoveni ni le tindhawini leti tlhumeke. Murhi lowu wu na mitwa wu tlhela wu tirhisiwa tanihi tihunyi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Matluka ya murhi wa xitlhangwa wu tshungula vuvabyi byo fana ni loko munhu a chiwile endzhaku ka yena kumbe nkuzi. Loko nwana a chuluka a nga yimi, ku kandziwa matluka ma lovekiwa kutani ku nwiwa mati ya kona. Loko munhu a ri na nkuzi u kandza matluka kutani a n`wisiwa, ku sivela ku vava loku.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

timhandzi ta nsinya lowu ti tiyile swinene. Timhandzi ta kona ti endla swichayachayana. Nsyinya lowu wu tshungula vuvabyi byo hambanahambana. Mahanti ya nsinya lowu ma tshungula vuvabyi bya nchuluko. Timitsu na mitwa ya nsinya lowu swi tshungula mukhuhlwana nakambe nsinya lowu wu pfuna ku tshungula munhu loko a lumiwile hi nyoka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==Swifaniso==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Maytenus heterophylla00.jpg|Mhandzi ya Xithlangwa
File:Maytenus heterophylla01.jpg|Matluka ya Xithlangwa
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>d7tbjxetrlo9wygbt4eznwuuseog7mu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zavazava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4719</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30771</id>
      <parentid>29480</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T06:11:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>30771</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2575" sha1="27ksbvxh0tjbfjtmw1mlmsgr95gd1tc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Zavazava
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Datura stramonium 2 (2005 07 07).jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Nhova]]
}}
[[File:Datura stramonium - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-051.jpg|thumb|right|Swiluva swa Zavazava]]

'''Zavazava''' i nsinya wo komile, naswona a wukuli wuya e henhla. Nsinya wa zavazava wu tswala mihandzu ya ribungu naswona a wu dyiwi hi vanhu hikuva wu na mitwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Vanhu ngopfu varimi a va wu rhandzi nsinya wa zavazava hikuva wu endla nhova leyikulu emasin`wini. Nsinya wa zavazava wu vangela vahlakuri ntirho lowukulu hikokwalaho ka nhova.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Murhi lowu wu na chefu eka vanhu. Mbewu ya wona loko vana vo tlanga hi wona yi nga va vangela ku kula ka ndzololo ematihlweni, ku hisa ka miri, ku oma ka nomo, mbilu yi bela ehenhla. Vana va fanele ku lemukisiwa leswaku a va fanelangi ku tlanga hi murhi lowu. Mbewu kumbe mihandzu ya zavazava loko wu tsakama kumbe wu omile, wa phutseriwa hi phepha wu lumekiwa ndzilo va dzaha musi wa kona, wu hanyisa vuvabyi bya matino na rifuva.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Matluka ya murhi lowu ma horisa swilondzo, ku vava ka miri, vuvabyi byo tlulela tanihi mukhuhlwana, marhumba, ku tshoveka ka marhambu, marhambu yo ka ma nga tiyelanga, ku hundzuluka ka misiha na ku tshungula ku tshamela ku ya exiyindlwanini ku ya ba mati. Loko munhu a dya matluka ya ku tsakama kumbe yo oma ma ta n`wi etlerisa kumbe ku n`wi hlanganisa nhloko. Nsinya lowu wu na mitwa leyi damarhelaka loko munhu a tshuka a hundza hi le kusuhi na wona. Timbuti na tinyimpfu ta damarheliwa loko ti tshuka ti fambela kusuhi na murhi lowu. Mbewu ya murhi lowu yi byaleka hi ku olova hikuva yi phatsama eka munhu kumbe xiharhi xo karhi kutani laha yi fikaka yi wela kona yo mila. Nsinya lowu wu tshungula vuvabyi bya asthma na ku herisa ku vava ka miri. Nsinya wa zavazava wu tshungula swilondzo na ku chuluka na ku tlhela wu tshungula meno na swirhumbana. Nakambe murhi lowu wu tshungula vuvabyi bya mahlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>27ksbvxh0tjbfjtmw1mlmsgr95gd1tc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mbangi ya nhova</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4720</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30773</id>
      <parentid>29483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T06:14:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>30773</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2033" sha1="hc0715s6sl3yyp84ies2ubbxscuxlsh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Mbangi ya nhova
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Kirstenbosch-024.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Nhova]]
}}
[[File:Leonotis leonurus flower.jpg|thumb|right|Swiluva swa Mbangi ya nhova]]

'''Mbangi ya nhova''' a yi kuli ku fana na misinya yinwana, kambe yona yi komile swinene naswona yi na swimitwana swo tlhava na le mbewini ya yona. Loko yi kula yi va yi ri nsinya wo pfumala marhavi, ko va matluka ntsena na ndzhuti ku ri hava.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Murhi lowu wa khiwa ku endliwa tiya yo nandziha swinene. Hi nguva ya vuxika wa fa, wu dzudzeka mbewu ya wona leyi nga ta mila hi nguva ya ximunwana. Matluka ya kona ma fananisiwa na tindleve ta nghala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Matluka ya mbangi ya nhova ma tirhisiwa ku sweka tiya yo nandziha swinene. Mati ya kona ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula vuvabyi bya mukhuhlwana, vuvabyi bya nhlonge, swilondzo leswi humaka emirini, vuvabyi bya xifuva na xivindzi, vuvabyi bya xilumi, ku sivela ku onhaka ka khwiri eka wansati na ku tatisa ngati loko yi halakile ngopfu endzhaku ko bebula nwana na ku karhala ka miri. Xihlahla xa mbangi xi tshoviwa xi omisiwa xi tlhela xi kandziwa. Kutani xihlahla lexi xi boheleriwa hi nyuziphepha xi dzahiwa tanihi fole ku tshungula vuvabyi bya switshetshela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Timitsu ta mbangi ya nhova ti hlanganisiwa na swiluva loko swi swekiwile. Mati ya kona ma tshungula ku hlantswa swilondza kumbe maphokolo ya munhu loyi a vavisekeke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>hc0715s6sl3yyp84ies2ubbxscuxlsh</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Manuhana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4721</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30772</id>
      <parentid>29486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-02T06:12:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>30772</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2300" sha1="hoovv9lanpivqlt5fultt6nvexehf4g" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Manuhana
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[File:Tagetes minuta flower.jpg||200px]]
| caption                    = 
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Nhova]]
}}
[[File:Tagetes minuta at Entebbe.jpg|thumb|right|Swiluva swa Manuhana]]

'''Manuhana''' i wa muhlovo wa xitshopana, wu na marhavi yo tala wu tlhela wu nuha swinene. Murhi lowu a wu kuli ku fana na misinya yinwana. Matluka ya murhi lowu i ya rihlaza. Hi nguvu ya xixika wa dzudzeka mbewu leyi nga ta mila hi nguva ya ximunwana loko timpfula ti sewula xi fa. Murhi lowu wu na swiluva swo basa leswi kokaka rinoko eka maphaphatana na switsotswana na swinwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=MALAMULE|first=R.J|date=2015|title=Mathyelo ya mavito ya minsinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga: Maendlelo ya Onomasitiki|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1771/malamule_rj_2015.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Murhi lowu wuna sema ro nuha swinene.&lt;ref name=&quot;names&quot;&gt;[http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ipc/weedinfo/tagetes.htm California Dept. of Food and Agriculture data sheet: ''Tagetes minuta'']&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Swikokovi na switsotswana swinwana a swi swi rhandzi ku tshama eka murhi lowu hikuva wa nuha swinene. Swiharhi swo tala a swi wu dyi murhi lowu. Vamanana a va xirhandzi ximilana / murhi lowu hikuva xi engetela nhova emasinwini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Matirhisele ==
Murhi wa manuhana wu pfuna eka vuvabyi byo tala loko wu swekiwi. Matluka ya kona ma tshungula nwana loko a khomile hi nkuzi kumbe xikuna. Matluka lama ma gandliwa, ma lemiwa hale ndzhaku ka nwana kumbe munhu loyi a twaka vuvabyi lebyi, ma tlhela ma dlaya na tshungunyana. Matluka ma tlhela ma horisa hi ku va ma ncakunhiwa kunene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Marhavi ya manuhana ma horisa ku vava ka meno. Mikolo leyi nga na swirhumbana na swilondzo hikuva ya ncakuniwa kunene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mahanti ya manuhana ya tshungula vuvabyi bya switshetshela loko ma swekiwile kasi timitsu ti tshungula vuvabyi bya vamanana byo humela hi makhwiri hikuva ku ceriwa timitsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>hoovv9lanpivqlt5fultt6nvexehf4g</sha1>
    </revision>
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Hinga tsakela mpfuno wawena swonghasi!! Hipfune kufikelela Mintsengo yamatluka yohlawuleka lamalandzelaka: &lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;[[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/1|10]] &amp;nbsp;· [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/2|100]] &amp;nbsp;· [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa_ya_Nkoka/xiyenge/3|1000]] &amp;nbsp;· [[Wikipedia:Matsalwa_ya_Nkoka/xiyenge/3a|Matluka ya nkoka]]&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="16615" sha1="ehnu3rufzrc8xk1kfi1to00q5tp87l1" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;margin:auto;border-spacing:3px;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #ccc7b7;background:#fffaea;margin-bottom:3px;&quot;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eee9d9;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc7b7;&quot;| '''Village Pump archive: 2008 - 2010''' &amp;#160;
|-
|style=&quot;padding:0.5em;&quot;| This page contains discussions that have been archived from [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]. Please do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to revive any of these discussions, either [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACEE}}:{{BASEPAGENAMEE}}|action=edit&amp;section=new}} start] a new thread or use the talk page associated with that topic.
|}__NOEDITSECTION__&lt;noinclude&gt;

== Sysop/Administrator candidates page ==
An administrator candidates page has been added. See [[Wikipedia:Administrator canidates|Sysop Candidates]]
**I would like to request Admin rights for this wikipedia. I am doing Language translation at Beta wiki and will be doing some major edits and maintenance here.[[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] 16:32, 21 Mawuwani 2008 (UTC)
::*{{Done}}
**I nominate myself for becoming a sysop. I am currently a temporary administrator and have made many good edits here. --Z 17:51, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
**I would like to request sysop for this wikipedia. I am a native Xitsonga speaker and am busy doing some major revamps for this Wikipedia. I am also doing Language translation at Betawiki.[[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] 16:32, 21 Mawuwani 2008 (UTC)
::*{{Done}}
:::I have requested for a renewal of sysop rights, I would like to continue being helpful here. any comments welcome --[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:09, 27 Nhlangula 2008 (UTC)
::::I have requested for a renewal of sysop rights, I would like to continue being helpful here. any comments welcome --[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:09, 27 Sunguti 2009 (UTC)
:::::I have requested for a renewal of sysop rights. any comments welcome -- [[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 08:22, 2 N'wendzamhala 2009 (UTC)
*I would like to request Admin rights for this wikipedia.--[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:40, 17 Nyenyenyani 2012 (UTC)
: I'm renewing my request for Administrative rights, on a temporary basis untill the cummunity grows-- [[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 17:34, 6 Nhlangula 2012 (UTC)

== Translating Mediawiki namespace ==
I inform you that a [[betawiki:Main Page|special Wiki]] already exists for translating mediawiki core messages in any language. You can personalize this wikipedia by translating them into tsonga language. Thanks--[[User:Grondin|Bertrand GRONDIN]] 15:57, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
: Translation started! [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] 16:26, 21 Mawuwani 2008 (UTC)

==Betawiki update==
* Currently 12.67% of the MediaWiki messages and 3.67% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2Fts recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 14:56, 9 Mhawuri 2008 (UTC)
:I've been busy trying to organise things arround here, I think we are almost there. I will go back to localising as soon as time affords me ;-).--[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 06:50, 11 Mhawuri 2008 (UTC)
::[http://ultimategerardm.blogspot.com/2008/09/no-time-for-localisation.html My reaction to your message :)] [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 11:23, 11 Ndzhati 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 12.05% of the MediaWiki messages and 3.20% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2Fts recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:56, 11 Ndzhati 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 11.55% of the MediaWiki messages and 3.00% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2Fts recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 10:27, 18 Nhlangula 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 11.59% of the MediaWiki messages and 2.23% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [http://translatewiki.net Betawiki]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;namespace=8&amp;trailer=%2Fts recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 09:55, 11 Hukuri 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 11.44% of the MediaWiki messages and 2.16% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|Betawiki]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 12:06, 15 N'wendzamhala 2008 (UTC)
* Currently 12.51% of the MediaWiki messages and 2.15% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|Betawiki]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 21:39, 12 Sunguti 2009 (UTC)
:PS Please help us complete [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;task=untranslated&amp;group=core-mostused&amp;language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&amp;limit=100 the most wanted messages]..

== [[Wikipedia:Introduction]] completed! ==

I have just completed the translation of [[Wikipedia:Introduction]] into xitsonga. I kept the same format as the english wikipedia. Please have a look and comment or improve. --[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 10:50, 20 Mhawuri 2008 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] Translation done! ==

Hi there. [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] trasnlation into Xitsonga has been completed. Please have a look and comment --[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 13:57, 21 Mhawuri 2008 (UTC)

:Khazamula !!!!!!!!!
:I am Coming &lt;small&gt;(The following unsigned comment was left by:[http://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/155.239.60.123 155.239.60.123]&lt;/small&gt;

==The LocalisationUpdate extension has gone live==

The LocalisationUpdate extension is now enabled for all Wikimedia projects. From now on new localisations that become available in SVN will become available to your project within 24 hours. Your localisations get into SVN from [http://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net] typically within a day and at worst in two days. This is a huge improvement from the old practice where the localisations became available with new software. This could take weeks, even months.

The localisations done by our community at translatewiki.net are committed to SVN typically every day. When the system messages in English are the same as the local messages, they will now be inserted in a file and are available for use in all our projects in a timely manner

===What this means for you===
Local messages have an impact on the performance of our system. It is best when messages are as much as possible part of the system messages. In order to remove unnecessary duplication, all the messages that have a local localisation and are '''exactly''' the same as the system message will be removed.  What we ask you to do is to compare and proof read the messages in translatewiki.net and the local messages. You can then either remove local messages when the translatewiki.net message is to be preferred or, you can update the message at translatewiki.net. 

Messages that are specific to your project will have to stay as they are. You do want to check if the format and the variables of the message are still the same.

===Why localise at translatewiki.net===
When you localise at translatewiki.net, your messages will be used in all Wikimedia projects and eventually in all MediaWiki based projects. This is how we provide the standard support for your language. When messages change, at translatewiki.net you will be prompted to revisit your translations. Localising is more efficient because we have innovated the process to make you more efficient; there is text explaining about messages and we have applied AJAX technology to reduce the number of clicks you have to make.

==Translatewiki.net update==
*Currently 11.00% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.85% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 20:02, 30 Ndzhati 2009 (UTC)
*Currently 10.89% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.81% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 18:10, 1 Hukuri 2009 (UTC)
*Currently 11.13% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.86% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 13:55, 14 N'wendzamhala 2009 (UTC)
*Currently 11.08% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.81% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 13:48, 25 Sunguti 2010 (UTC)

*PS Please help us complete [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;task=untranslated&amp;group=core-mostused&amp;language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&amp;limit=100 the most wanted messages]..

*At this moment 332 messages of the &quot;most used&quot; messages are left to translate. These are the messages that readers and editors are most likely to see. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 13:48, 25 Sunguti 2010 (UTC)

==How can we improve the usability for your language==
We expect that with the implementation of LocalisationUpdate the usability of MediaWiki for your language will improve. We are now ready to look at other aspects of usability for your language as well.  There are two questions we would like you to answer:
Are there issues with the new functionality of the Usability Initiative
Does MediaWiki support your language properly

The best way to answer the first question is to visit the translatewiki.net. Change the language to your language, select the “vector” skin and add the advanced tool bar in in the preferences and check out the new functionality. And make some changes in your user page. When there is a need to improve on the localisation, please make the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-ui-0-all necessary changes]s . It should update your localisation straight away. 
We would like you to report each issue individually at http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Usability_issues.

When there are problems with the support of MediaWiki for your language, we really want to know about this. It is best to report each issue separately. In this way there will be no large mass of issues to resolve but we can address each issue on its own. Consider issues with the display of characters, the presentation of your script, the position of the side bar, the combination of text with other languages, scripts. It is best to try this in an environment like the prototype wiki as it provides you with a clean, basic and up to date environment. The prototype wiki is available for five languages but you can select any of them, change the preferences to your language and test out MediaWiki for your language.

We would like you to report each issue individually at http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Language_issues. The issues you raise will all be assessed. It is important to keep each issue separate, because this will make it easier to understand the issues and find solutions.

PS This text has been approved by Naoko, Brion and Siebrand. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] 20:02, 30 Ndzhati 2009 (UTC)
==Wikimania Scholarships==
The call for applications for Wikimania Scholarships to attend Wikimania 2010 in Gdansk, Poland (July 9-11) is now open. The Wikimedia Foundation offers Scholarships to pay for selected individuals' round trip travel, accommodations, and registration at the conference.
To apply, visit the [[wm2010:Main Page|Wikimania 2010]] [[wm2010:Scholarships|scholarships information page]], click the secure link available there, and fill out the form to apply.
For additional information, please visit the Scholarships information and FAQ pages:
* [[wm2010:Scholarships|Scholarships]]
* [[wm2010:Scholarships/FAQ|Scholarships FAQ]]
Yours very truly,
[[m:User:Cary Bass|Cary Bass]]&lt;/br&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator&lt;/br&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation

==Fundraising time is around the corner!==
Hello Wikimedians, my name is Deniz and I am working for the Wikimedia Foundation during the 2010 Fundraiser. My job is to be the liaison between the Xitsonga community and the Foundation. This year's fundraiser is intended to be a collaborative and global effort, we recognize that banner messages that perform well in the United States don't necessarily translate well, or appeal to international audiences. &lt;Br&gt;

I'm contacting you as I am currently looking for translators who are willing to contribute to this project, helping to translate and localize messages into Xitsonga and suggesting messages that would appeal to Xitsonga readers on the Fundraising Meta Page. We've started the setup on [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 meta] for both [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages banner submission], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Banner_testing statistical analysis], and [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Committee grouping volunteers together].&lt;br&gt;Use the talk pages on meta, talk to your local communities, talk to others, talk to us, and add your feedback to the proposed messages as well! I look forward to working with you during this year's fundraiser.&lt;br&gt;

Please translate this message into Xitsonga if you can and post it below.--[[User:Dgultekin|Dgultekin]] 17:27, 10 Ndzhati 2010 (UTC)

[[:eu:Wikipedia:WikiMediari buruz gaurkotasun-albisteak]]</text>
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!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eee9d9;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc7b7;&quot;| '''Village Pump archive: 2011 - 2012''' &amp;#160;
|-
|style=&quot;padding:0.5em;&quot;| This page contains discussions that have been archived from [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]. Please do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to revive any of these discussions, either [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACEE}}:{{BASEPAGENAMEE}}|action=edit&amp;section=new}} start] a new thread or use the talk page associated with that topic.
|}__NOEDITSECTION__&lt;noinclude&gt;

== Call for image filter referendum ==
The Wikimedia Foundation, at the direction of the Board of Trustees, will be holding a vote to determine whether members of the community support the creation and usage of an opt-in personal image filter, which would allow readers to voluntarily screen particular types of images strictly for their own account.

Further details and educational materials will be available shortly.  The referendum is scheduled for 12-27 August, 2011, and will be conducted on servers hosted by a neutral third party.  Referendum details, officials, voting requirements, and supporting materials will be posted at [[Meta:Image filter referendum]] shortly.

Sorry for delivering you a message in English. Please help translate the pages on the referendum on Meta and join the [[mail:translators-l|translators mailing list]].

For the coordinating committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Philippe (WMF)|Philippe (WMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Cbrown1023|Cbrown1023]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:Risker|Risker]]&lt;/br&gt;
[[m:User:Mardetanha|Mardetanha]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:Robertmharris|Robert Harris]]
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0091 --&gt;

== Notice ==

Hi. Because of the inactivity and the lack of content, I proposed the closure of this project. See for the discussion the page on Meta: [[:m:Proposals for closing projects/Closure of Xitsonga Wikipedia]]. Regards, [[User:Trijnstel|Trijnstel]] 19:05, 18 Mawuwani 2011 (UTC)

== [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]] ==

* Bot                            : [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]]
* Operator                       : [[:de:Benutzer:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]]
* Automatic or Manually Assisted : automatic
* Programming Language(s)        : Python (pywikipedia), daily update
* Function Summary               : Interwiki
* Already has a bot flag (Y/N)   : Yes, [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=HiW-Bot please see here]
* Function Details               : just using the standard interwiki.py

I humbly request bot status on this wiki in order to maintain Interwiki.
Thank you --[[User:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]] 20:49, 24 Nhlangula 2011 (UTC)

== Terms of Use update ==

''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.''
 
Hello,
 
The Wikimedia Foundation is discussing changes to its Terms of Use.  The discussion can be found at [[m:Talk:Terms of use|Talk:Terms of use]]. Everyone is invited to join in. Because the new version of [[m:Terms of use|Terms of use]] is not in final form, we are not able to present official translations of it. Volunteers are welcome to translate it, as German volunteers have done at [[:m:Terms of use/de]], but we ask that you note at the top that the translation is unofficial and may become outdated as the English version is changed. The translation request can be found at [[m:Translation requests/WMF/Terms of Use 2]] -- [[m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis, Community Liaison]] 01:21, 27 Nhlangula 2011 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0119 --&gt;

== Open Call for 2012 Wikimedia Fellowship Applicants ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please
help translate it.''
*Do you want to help attract new contributors to Wikimedia projects?
*Do you want to improve retention of our existing editors?
*Do you want to strengthen our community by diversifying its base and increasing the overall number of excellent participants around the world?
The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking Community Fellows and project ideas for the Community Fellowship Program. A Fellowship is a temporary position at the Wikimedia Foundation in order to work on a specific project or set of projects. Submissions for 2012 are encouraged to focus on the theme of improving editor retention and increasing participation in Wikimedia projects. If interested, please submit a project idea or apply to be a fellow by January 15, 2012. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Fellowships for more information.

Thanks!

--[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Community Fellowships,
Wikimedia Foundation]] 03:08, 22 N'wendzamhala 2011 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0139 --&gt;
::*I just sent in my application today. Its time I finish what I started her (&quot;,)--[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 10:40, 15 Nyenyenyani 2012 (UTC){{Done}}

== Announcing Wikipedia 1.19 beta ==

Wikimedia Foundation is getting ready to push out 1.19 to all the WMF-hosted wikis.  As we finish wrapping up our code review, you can test the new version ''right now'' on [http://beta.wmflabs.org/ beta.wmflabs.org].  For more information, please read the [https://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/RELEASE-NOTES-1.19?view=markup release notes] or the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.19|start of the final announcement]].

The following are the areas that you will probably be most interested in:
* [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=33711#c2 Faster loading of javascript files makes dependency tracking more important.]
* New common*.css files usable by skins instead of having to copy piles of generic styles from MonoBook or Vector's css.
* The default user signature now contains a talk link in addition to the user link.
* Searching blocked usernames in block log is now clearer.
* Better timezone recognition in user preferences.
* Improved diff readability for colorblind people.
* The interwiki links table can now be accessed also when the interwiki cache is used (used in the API and the Interwiki extension).
* More gender support (for instance in logs and user lists).
* Language converter improved, e.g. it now works depending on the page content language.
* Time and number-formatting magic words also now depend on the page content language.
* Bidirectional support further improved after 1.18.

Report any [http://labs.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Problem_reports problems] on the labs beta wiki and we'll work to address them before they software is released to the production wikis.

'''Note''' that this cluster does have SUL but it is not integrated with SUL in production, so you'll need to create another account.  You should avoid using the same password as you use here.  — [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 16:38, 15 Sunguti 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0145 --&gt;

== MediaWiki 1.19 ==

(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to upgrade MediaWiki (the software powering this wiki) to its latest version this month. You can help to test it before it is enabled, to avoid disruption and breakage. More information is available [[:mw:MediaWiki 1.19/Deployment announcement|in the full announcement]]. Thank you for your understanding.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;. 15:21, 12 Nyenyenyani 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0154 --&gt;

==Language support group for Tsonga==
The Wikimedia Foundation has brought together a new team of developers who are dedicated to language support. This team is to support all the languages and consequently it is not realistic to expect that the team members can provide proper support for your language. It is for this reason that we are looking for volunteers who will make up a [[:translatewiki:language support team|language support team]]. 

This language support team will be asked to provide us with information about their language. Such information may need to be provided either to us or on a website that we will indicate to you. Another activity will be to test software that will likely have an effect on the running of the MediaWiki software. We are looking for people who clearly identify their ability. Formal knowledge is definitely appreciated.

As much of the activity will be concentrated on [[:translatewiki:Main Page|translatewiki.net]], it will be a plus when team members know how to localise at translatewiki.net. &lt;br&gt;
Thanks, [[User:Gmeijssen|Gmeijssen]] 08:40, 15 Nyenyenyani 2012 (UTC)
::* I'm already on translatewiki, I suppose I will have to go and add my name for Xitsonga language support.--[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 10:44, 15 Nyenyenyani 2012 (UTC)

===Babel extension===
The babel extension is used to indicate the proficiency people have in a language. Sadly this extension has not yet been localised for the Tsonga language. Would you be so kind and [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-babel&amp;language=ts localise this extension] in the Tsonga language.. Thanks, [[User:Gmeijssen|Gmeijssen]] 08:40, 15 Nyenyenyani 2012 (UTC)
::* I'll do as soon as I sort out my home internet connection.--[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 10:44, 15 Nyenyenyani 2012 (UTC)

== Xitsonga Main page logo ==

I have created a '''[https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=36506 request]''' for the following '''[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ts.svg logo]''' to be comitted at Bugzilla.--[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 06:58, 4 Mudyaxihi 2012 (UTC)

== Update on IPv6 ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it, as well as '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement on Meta]]''') 

The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to do limited testing of IPv6 on June 2-3. If there are not too many problems, we may fully enable IPv6 on [http://www.worldipv6day.org/ World IPv6 day] (June 6), and keep it enabled.

What this means for your project:

*At least on June 2-3, 2012, you may see a small number of edits from IPv6 addresses, which are in the form &quot;&lt;code&gt;2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. See e.g. [[w:en:IPv6 address]]. These addresses should behave like any other IP address: You can leave messages on their talk pages; you can track their contributions; you can block them. (See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] for notes on range blocks.)

*In the mid term, some user scripts and tools will need to be adapted for IPv6. 

*We suspect that IPv6 usage is going to be very low initially, meaning that abuse should be manageable, and we will assist in the monitoring of the situation.

Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] on how to test the behavior of IPv6 with various tools and how to leave bug reports, and to find a fuller analysis of the implications of the IPv6 migration.

--[[m:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller, VP of Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Foundation]] 01:28, 2 Khotavuxika 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0201 --&gt;

== 2011 Picture of the Year competition ==

&lt;small&gt;[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/mk|{{#language:mk}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/no|{{#language:no}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/pl|{{#language:pl}}]]&lt;/small&gt; 

Dear Wikimedians,

Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the ''2011 Picture of the Year competition'' is now open. We are interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the ''Picture of the Year 2011''. Any user registered at Commons or a Wikimedia wiki SUL-related to Commons [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&amp;wiki=&amp;event=24 with more than 75 edits before 1 April 2012 (UTC)] is welcome to vote and, of course everyone is welcome to view!

Detailed information about the contest can be found [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Introduction|at the introductory page]].

About 600 of the best of Wikimedia Common's photos, animations, movies and graphics were chosen &amp;ndash;by the international Wikimedia Commons community&amp;ndash; out of 12 million files during ''2011'' and are now called ''Featured Pictures''.

From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons ''Features Pictures'' of all flavors.  

For your convenience, we have sorted the images [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Galleries|into topic categories]]. 

We regret that you receive this message in English; we intended to use banners to notify you in your native language but there was both, human and technical resistance.

See you on Commons!
--[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Committee|Picture of the Year 2011 Committee]] 18:43, 5 Khotavuxika 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0205 --&gt;

== Help decide about more than $10 million of Wikimedia donations in the coming year ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

Hi,

As many of you are aware, the Wikimedia Board of Trustees recently initiated important changes in the way that money is being distributed within the Wikimedia movement. As part of this, a new community-led &quot;[[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC|Funds Dissemination Committee]]&quot; (FDC) is currently being set up. Already in 2012-13, its recommendations will guide the decisions about the distribution of over 10 million US dollars among the Foundation, chapters and other [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#Eligible_fund-seeking_entities|eligible entities]].

Now, seven capable, knowledgeable and trustworthy community members are sought to volunteer on the initial Funds Dissemination Committee. It is expected to take up its work in September. In addition, a community member is sought to be the [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#FDC_Ombudsperson|Ombudsperson]] for the FDC process. If you are interested in joining the committee, read the [[m:Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for Volunteers|call for volunteers]]. Nominations are planned to close on August 15.

--[[m:User:ASengupta_(WMF)|Anasuya Sengupta]], Director of Global Learning and Grantmaking, Wikimedia Foundation 20:28, 19 Mawuwani 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0223 --&gt;

== More opportunities for you to access free research databases ==

The quest to get editors free access to the sources they need is gaining momentum.
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo|Credo Reference]]''' provides full-text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, including general and subject dictionaries and encyclopedias.  There are '''125''' full Credo 350 accounts available, with access even to 100 more references works than in Credo's original donation.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo#Sign-up sheet|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|HighBeam Research]]''' has access to over 80 million articles from 6,500 publications including newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines and encyclopedias.  Thousands of new articles are added daily, and archives date back over 25 years covering a wide range of subjects and industries.  There are '''250''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam/Applications|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia|Questia]]'''  is an online research library for books and journal articles focusing on the humanities and social sciences. Questia has curated titles from over 300 trusted publishers including 77,000 full-text books and 4 million journal, magazine, and newspaper articles, as well as encyclopedia entries.  There will soon be '''1000''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia#Apply here: Round 1|here]].
You might also be interested in the idea to create a central '''Wikipedia Library''' where approved editors would have access to ''all'' participating resource donors.  Add your feedback to the [[m:Wikimedia Fellowships/Project Ideas/The Wikipedia Library|Community Fellowship proposal]].  Apologies for the English message ([http://translate.google.com/ translate here]).  Go sign up :)  --[[w:en:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ([[w:en:User talk:Ocaasi|talk]]) 02:26, 16 Mhawuri 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0232 --&gt;

== Request for Comment: Legal Fees Assistance Program ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize for addressing you in English. I would be grateful if you could translate this message into your language.''

The Wikimedia Foundation is conducting a [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|request for comment]] on a [[:m:Legal_and_Community_Advocacy/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|proposed program]] that could provide legal assistance to users in specific support roles who are named in a legal complaint as a defendant because of those roles. We wanted to be sure that your community was aware of this discussion and would have a chance to participate in [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|that discussion]]. 

If this page is not the best place to publicize this request for comment, please help spread the word to those who may be interested in participating. (If you'd like to help translating the &quot;request for comment&quot;, program policy or other pages into your language and don't know how the translation system works, please come by my user talk page at [[:m:User talk:Mdennis (WMF)]]. I'll be happy to assist or to connect you with a volunteer who can assist.)
 
Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]02:15, 6 Ndzhati 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0245 --&gt;

== Wikidata is getting close to a first roll-out ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) 

As some of you might already have heard Wikimedia Deutschland is working on a new Wikimedia project. It is called [[m:Wikidata]]. The goal of Wikidata is to become a central data repository for the Wikipedias, its sister projects and the world. In the future it will hold data like the number of inhabitants of a country, the date of birth of a famous person or the length of a river. These can then be used in all Wikimedia projects and outside of them.

The project is divided into three phases and &quot;we are getting close to roll-out the first phase&quot;. The phases are:
# language links in the Wikipedias (making it possible to store the links between the language editions of an article just once in Wikidata instead of in each linked article)
# infoboxes (making it possible to store the data that is currently in infoboxes in one central place and share the data)
# lists (making it possible to create lists and similar things based on queries to Wikidata so they update automatically when new data is added or modified)

It'd be great if you could join us, test the [http://wikidata-test.wikimedia.de demo version], provide feedback and take part in the development of Wikidata. You can find all the relevant information including an [[m:Wikidata/FAQ|FAQ]] and sign-up links for our on-wiki newsletter on [[m:Wikidata|the Wikidata page on Meta]]. 

For further discussions please use [[m:Talk:Wikidata|this talk page]] (if you are uncomfortable writing in English you can also write in your native language there) or point [[m:User_talk:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|me]] to the place where your discussion is happening so I can answer there.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 13:41, 10 Ndzhati 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0248 --&gt;

== Upcoming software changes - please report any problems ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
&lt;div dir=ltr&gt;
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

All Wikimedia wikis - including this one - will soon be upgraded with new and possibly disruptive code.  This process starts today and finishes on October 24 (see the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|upgrade schedule]] &amp; [[mw:MediaWiki 1.21/wmf2|code details]]).

Please watch for problems with:
* revision diffs
* templates
* CSS and JavaScript pages (like user scripts)
* bots
* PDF export
* images, video, and sound, especially scaling sizes
* the CologneBlue skin

If you notice any problems, please [[mw:How to report a bug|report problems]] at [[mw:Bugzilla|our defect tracker site]].  You can test for possible problems at [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org] and [https://mediawiki.org/ mediawiki.org], which have already been updated.

Thanks!  With your help we can find problems fast and get them fixed faster.

[[mw:User:Sharihareswara (WMF)|Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Engineering Community Manager]] ([[mw:User talk:Sharihareswara (WMF)|talk]]) 03:16, 16 Nhlangula 2012 (UTC)

P.S.: For the regular, smaller MediaWiki updates every two weeks, please [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|watch this schedule]].

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0278 --&gt;

== Fundraising localization: volunteers from outside the USA needed ==

''Please translate for your local community''

Hello All,

The Wikimedia Foundation's Fundraising team have begun our 'User Experience' project, with the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries outside the USA and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am searching for volunteers to spend 30 minutes on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real-time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. ''All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed'' (and they will be low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. Please sing up and help us with our 'User Experience' project! :)
If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[wmf:User:Ppena|Pats Pena]]&lt;br /&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 17:22, 17 Nhlangula 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0280 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>oli6u3b7t8qwe8w52xzpxsj5d08miot</sha1>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{| class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;margin:auto;border-spacing:3px;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #ccc7b7;background:#fffaea;margin-bottom:3px;&quot; !colspan=&quot;2&quot; st...&quot;</comment>
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!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eee9d9;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc7b7;&quot;| '''Village Pump archive: 2013 - 2014''' &amp;#160;
|-
|style=&quot;padding:0.5em;&quot;| This page contains discussions that have been archived from [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]. Please do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to revive any of these discussions, either [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACEE}}:{{BASEPAGENAMEE}}|action=edit&amp;section=new}} start] a new thread or use the talk page associated with that topic.
|}__NOEDITSECTION__&lt;noinclude&gt;

== Be a Wikimedia fundraising &quot;User Experience&quot; volunteer! ==

Thank you to everyone who volunteered last year on the Wikimedia fundraising 'User Experience' project. We have talked to many different people in different countries and their feedback has helped us immensely in restructuring our pages. If you haven't heard of it yet, the 'User Experience' project has the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries (outside the USA) and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. 

I am (still) searching for volunteers to spend some time on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. **All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed (and they will be very low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)**

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!!

Thanks!

[[m:User:Ppena (WMF)|Pats Pena]]&lt;br/&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

: Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 21:21, 8 Sunguti 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 331 --&gt;

== Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia. Read-only mode expected. ==

(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) Next week, the Wikimedia Foundation will transition its main technical operations to a new data center in Ashburn, Virginia, USA. This is intended to improve the technical performance and reliability of all Wikimedia sites, including this wiki. There will be some times when the site will be in read-only mode, and there may be full outages; the current target windows for the migration are January 22nd, 23rd and 24th, 2013, from 17:00 to 01:00 UTC (see [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Wikimedia+data+center+migration&amp;iso=20130122T17&amp;ah=8 other timezones] on timeanddate.com). More information is available [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ in the full announcement].

If you would like to stay informed of future technical upgrades, consider [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|becoming a Tech ambassador]] and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors joining the ambassadors mailing list]. You will be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

Thank you for your help and your understanding.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;. 15:45, 19 Sunguti 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0338 --&gt;
== Picture of the Year voting round 1 open ==
Dear Wikimedians,

Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the 2012 Picture of the Year competition is now open.  We're interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the Picture of the Year for 2012. Voting is open to established Wikimedia users who meet the following criteria:

:# Users must have an account, at any Wikimedia project, which was registered '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC].
:# This user account must have more than '''75 edits''' on '''any single''' Wikimedia project '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. Please check your account eligibility at the [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&amp;wiki=&amp;event=27 POTY 2012 Contest Eligibility tool].
:# Users must vote with an account meeting the above requirements either on Commons or another SUL-related Wikimedia project (for other Wikimedia projects, the account must be attached to the user's Commons account through [[meta:Help:Unified login|SUL]]).

Hundreds of images that have been rated Featured Pictures by the international Wikimedia Commons community in the past year are all entered in this competition. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons features pictures of all flavors.  

For your convenience, we have sorted the images into topic categories. Two rounds of voting will be held: In the first round, you can vote for as many images as you like. The first round category winners and the top ten overall will then make it to the final.  In the final round, when a limited number of images are left, you must decide on the one image that you want to become the Picture of the Year.

To see the candidate images just go to [[commons:Commons:Picture_of_the_Year/2012|the POTY 2012 page on Wikimedia Commons]].

Wikimedia Commons celebrates our featured images of 2012 with this contest. Your votes decide the Picture of the Year, so remember to vote in the first round by '''January 30, 2013'''.

Thanks,&lt;br /&gt;
the Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year committee&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered based on [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery]]. Translation fetched from: [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2012/Translations/Village Pump/en]] -- [[User:Rillke|Rillke]] ([[User talk:Rillke|talk]]) 00:01, 23 Sunguti 2013 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

== Help turn ideas into grants in the new IdeaLab ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

*Do you have an idea for a project to improve this community or website?
*Do you think you could complete your idea if only you had some funding?
*Do you want to help other people turn their ideas into project plans or grant proposals?

Please join us in the [[m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]], an incubator for project ideas and Individual Engagement Grant proposals.

The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking new ideas and proposals for Individual Engagement Grants. These grants fund individuals or small groups to complete projects that help improve this community. If interested, please submit a completed proposal by February 15, 2013. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:IEG for more information.

Thanks!  --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 20:56, 30 Sunguti 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0344 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 1 (language links) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally.

[[d:|Wikidata]] has been in development for a few months now. It is now time for the roll-out of the first part of it on your Wikipedia. Phase 1 is the support for the management of language links. It is already being used on the Hungarian, Hebrew, Italian and English Wikipedias. The next step is to enable the extension on all other Wikipedias. We have currently planned this for March 6.

=== What is Wikidata? ===
Wikidata is a central place to store data that you can usually find in infoboxes. Think of it as something like Wikimedia Commons but for data (like the number of inhabitants of a country or the length of a river) instead of multimedia. The first part of this project (centralizing language links) is being rolled out now. The more fancy things will follow later.

=== What is going to happen? ===
Language links in the sidebar are going to come from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article.

=== Where can I find more information and ask questions? ===
Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

=== I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata ===
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. You can see previous editions [[meta:Wikidata/Newsletter/Archive|here]].

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 16:19, 21 Nyenyenyani 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0366 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 1 (language links) live on this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

As I annonced 2 weeks ago, [[d:|Wikidata]] phase 1 (language links) has been deployed here today. Language links in the sidebar are coming from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article.

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. It'd be great if you could bring this to this wiki if that has not already happened. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 23:12, 6 Nyenyankulu 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0373 --&gt;

== Convert complex templates to Lua to make them faster and more powerful ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians)&lt;/small&gt;

Greetings. As you might have seen on the [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/03/11/lua-templates-faster-more-flexible-pages/ Wikimedia tech blog] or the [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-March/000171.html tech ambassadors list], a new functionality called &quot;Lua&quot; is being enabled on all Wikimedia sites today. [[mw:Lua|Lua]] is a scripting language that enables you to write faster and more powerful MediaWiki templates.

If you have questions about how to convert existing templates to Lua (or how to create new ones), we'll be holding two support sessions on IRC next week: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=02&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=20&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Wednesday] (for Oceania, Asia &amp; America) and [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=22&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Friday] (for Europe, Africa &amp; America); see [[m:IRC office hours]] for the details. If you can't make it, you can also get help at [[mw:Talk:Lua scripting]].

If you'd like to learn about this kind of events earlier in advance, consider becoming a [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|Tech ambassador]] by subscribing to the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors mailing list]. You will also be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]]. 20:28, 13 Nyenyankulu 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0379 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. It is soon time to enable the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) and things are looking good. The next step is English Wikipedia. This is planned for April 8. '''If everything works out fine we will deploy on all remaining Wikipedias on April 10.''' I will update [[m:Wikidata/Deployment Questions#When_will_this_be_deployed_on_my_Wikipedia.3F|this part of the FAQ]] if there are any issues forcing us to change this date. I will also sent another note to this village pump once the deployment is finished.

'''What will happen once we have phase 2 enabled here?'''
Once it is enabled in a few days you will be able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!)

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Yahoo!. This will return “[[d:Q14086|Marissa Mayer]]” as she is the [[d:Property:P169|chief executive officer]] of the [[d:Q37093|company]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:chief executive officer}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can already test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2].

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 17:13, 5 Dzivamusoko 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0399 --&gt;

== [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|Request for comment on inactive administrators]] ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians. Please also consider translating [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Summary|the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;[[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|Read this message in English]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ast|Lleer esti mensaxe n'asturianu]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/bn|বাংলায় এই বার্তাটি পড়ুন]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ca|Llegiu aquest missatge en català]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/da|Læs denne besked på dansk]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/de|Lies diese Nachricht auf Deutsch]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/egl|Leś cal mesag' chè in Emiliàn]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/es|Leer este mensaje en español]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fi|Lue tämä viesti suomeksi]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fr|Lire ce message en français]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/gl|Ler esta mensaxe en galego]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hi|हिन्दी]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hr|Pročitajte ovu poruku na hrvatskom]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/id|Baca pesan ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/it|Leggi questo messaggio in italiano]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/kn|ಈ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಓದಿ]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/mt|Aqra dan il-messaġġ bil-Malti]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nb|norsk (bokmål)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nl|Lees dit bericht in het Nederlands]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/pl|Przeczytaj tę wiadomość po polsku]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ro|Citiți acest mesaj în română]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ru|Прочитать это сообщение на русском]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/so|Farriintaan ku aqri Af-Soomaali]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/sr|Pročitaj ovu poruku na srpskom (Прочитај ову поруку на српском)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/th|อ่านข้อความนี้ในภาษาไทย]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/uk|Прочитати це повідомлення українською мовою]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/vi|Đọc thông báo bằng tiếng Việt]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/zh|使用中文阅读本信息。]]&lt;/small&gt;

Hello!

There is [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|a new request for comment]] on Meta-Wiki concerning the removal of administrative rights from long-term inactive Wikimedians. Generally, this proposal from stewards would apply to wikis without an administrators' review process.

We are also compiling a [[m:Talk:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|list of projects]] with procedures for removing inactive administrators on the talk page of the request for comment. Feel free to add your project(s) to the list if you have a policy on administrator inactivity.

All input is appreciated. The discussion may close as soon as 21 May 2013 (2013-05-21), but this will be extended if needed.

Thanks, [[m:User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]] &lt;small&gt;(thanks to all the [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|translators]]!)&lt;/small&gt; 05:25, 24 Dzivamusoko 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0430 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) is here ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. We have now enabled the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) a month ago and [http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/22/and-that-makes-12/ two days ago on the English Wikipedia]. Today all the remaining Wikipedias followed.

'''What does having phase 2 enabled here mean?'''
You are now able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) The current state is just the beginning though. It will be extended based on feedback we get from you now.

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Wikimedia Foundation. This will return “[[d:Q62|San Francisco]]” as that is the [[d:Property:P159|headquarter location]] of the [[d:180|non-profit]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:headquarter location}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2] if you don't want to do it in an article here.

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.


We are excited about taking yet another step towards allowing all Wikipedias share structured data and collect and curate it together.
--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 19:23, 24 Dzivamusoko 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0431 --&gt;

== vanwanati ==

Ha mi losa va dyi va bangu hi kwako kwako lomu mi nga kona hi ku hambana hambana ka ti ndhawu.

== [en] Change to wiki account system and account renaming ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Some accounts will soon be renamed due to a technical change that the developer team at Wikimedia are making. [[m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|More details on Meta]].

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 04:14, 30 Dzivamusoko 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0437 --&gt;

== [en] Change to section edit links ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The default position of the &quot;edit&quot; link in page section headers is going to change soon. The &quot;edit&quot; link will be positioned adjacent to the page header text rather than floating opposite it.

Section edit links will be to the immediate right of section titles, instead of on the far right. If you're an editor of one of the wikis which already implemented this change, nothing will substantially change for you; however, scripts and gadgets depending on the previous implementation of section edit links will have to be adjusted to continue working; however, nothing else should break even if they are not updated in time.

[[m:Change to section edit links|Detailed information and a timeline]] is available on meta.

Ideas to do this all the way to 2009 at least. It is often difficult to track which of several potential section edit links on the far right is associated with the correct section, and many readers and anonymous or new editors may even be failing to notice section edit links at all, since they read section titles, which are far away from the links.

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 19:03, 30 Dzivamusoko 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0438 --&gt;

== Tech newsletter: Subscribe to receive the next editions ==

&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; background:#fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;&lt;big&gt;Latest '''[[m:Tech/News|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#268bd2;&quot;&gt;Tech news&lt;/span&gt;]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community.&lt;/big&gt; ''Please inform other users about these changes.''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; border: 2px solid #fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;
;Recent software changes: ''(Not all changes will affect you.)''

* The latest version of MediaWiki (version [[mw:MediaWiki 1.22/wmf4|1.22/wmf4]]) was added to non-Wikipedia wikis on May 13, and to the English Wikipedia (with a Wikidata software update) on May 20. It will be updated on all other Wikipedia sites on May 22. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=ed976cf0c14fa3632fd10d9300bb646bfd6fe751;hp=c6c7bb1e5caaddf7325de9eef0e7bf85bcf5cc35] [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A software update will perhaps result in temporary issues with images. Please [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|report any problems]] you notice. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* MediaWiki recognizes links in twelve new [[:w:en:URI scheme|schemes]]. Users can now link to [[:w:en:SSH|SSH]], [[:w:en:XMPP|XMPP]] and [[:w:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]] directly from wikicode. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/core.git;a=commitdiff;h=a89d623302b5027dbb2d06941a22372948757685]
* VisualEditor was added to [[bugzilla:48430|all content namespaces]] on mediawiki.org on May 20. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A new extension (&quot;TemplateData&quot;) was added to all Wikipedia sites on May 20. It will allow a future version of VisualEditor to [[bugzilla:44444|edit templates]]. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* New sites: [[:voy:el:|Greek Wikivoyage]] and [[:wikt:vec:|Venetian Wiktionary]] joined the Wikimedia family last week; the total number of project wikis is now 794. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=5d7536b403730bb502580e21243f923c3b79da0e] [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=43c9eebdfc976333be5c890439ba1fae3bef46f7]
* The logo of 18 Wikipedias was changed to [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_logos#The_May_2010_logo|version 2.0]] in a [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2013-May/125999.html third group of updates]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=4688adbe467440eea318eecf04839fdd9ffa0565] 
* The [[:commons:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]] on Commons now shows links to the old upload form in 55 languages ([[:bugzilla:33513|bug 33513]]). [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=4197fa18a22660296d0e5b84820d5ebb4cef46d4]

;Future software changes:
* The next version of MediaWiki (version 1.22/wmf5) will be added to Wikimedia sites starting on May 27. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* An updated version of [[mw:Echo (Notifications)|Notifications]], with new features and fewer bugs, will be added to the English Wikipedia on May 23. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|final version]] of the &quot;single user login&quot; (which allows people to use the same username on different Wikimedia wikis) is moved to August 2013. The software will [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-April/000217.html automatically rename] some usernames. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000233.html]
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flow|new discussion system]] for MediaWiki, called &quot;Flow&quot;, is under development. Wikimedia designers need your help to inform other users, [http://unicorn.wmflabs.org/flow/ test the prototype] and discuss the interface. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069433.html].
* The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring people to act as links between software developers and users for VisualEditor. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000245.html]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%; font-style:italic; background:#fdf6e3; padding:1em;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] • [[m:Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Unsubscribe]] • 21:17, 20 Mudyaxihi 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; background:#eee8d5; border: .2em solid #dc322f; border-left: .7em solid #dc322f; padding: 1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#dc322f;font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Important note:&lt;/span&gt; This is the first edition of the [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]] weekly summaries, which help you monitor recent software changes likely to impact you and your fellow Wikimedians.

'''If you want to continue to receive the next issues every week''', please '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe to the newsletter]]'''. You can  subscribe your personal talk page and a community page like this one. The newsletter can be [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|translated into your language]].

You can also [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|become a tech ambassador]], [[m:Tech/News|help us write the next newsletter]] and [[m:Talk:Tech/News|tell us what to improve]]. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. [[m:user:guillom|guillom]] 21:17, 20 Mudyaxihi 2013 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0455 --&gt;

== Trademark discussion ==

Hi, apologies for posting this in English, but I wanted to alert your community to a discussion on Meta about potential changes to the Wikimedia Trademark Policy. Please translate this statement if you can. We hope that you will all participate in the discussion; we also welcome translations of the legal team’s statement into as many languages as possible and encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please see the [[:m:Trademark practices discussion|Trademark practices discussion (on Meta-Wiki)]] for more information. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis_(WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Mdennis_(WMF)|talk]])
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0473 --&gt;

== Free Research Accounts from Leading Medical Publisher.  Come and Sign up! ==

[[:EN:W:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls.  I want to alert you to our latest donation.
*'''[[Cochrane Collaboration]]''' is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library.
*Cochrane has generously agreed to give ''free, full-access accounts to medical editors''.  Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account.
*'''If you are active as a medical editor, come and [[WP:COCHRANE|sign up :)]]'''
Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:21, 16 Khotavuxika 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0487 --&gt;

== Cochrane Library Sign-up (correct link) ==

My apologies for the incorrect link:  You can sign up for '''[[:EN:W:Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane Collaboration]]''' accounts at the [[:EN:W:WP:COCHRANE|COCHRANE sign-up page]]'''. Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:56, 16 Khotavuxika 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0488 --&gt;

== [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|X!'s Edit Counter]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;(Sorry for writing in English. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests_for_comment/X!%27s_Edit_Counter/Summary|translate the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

Should [[tools:~tparis/pcount|X!'s edit counter]] retain the opt-in requirement? Your input is strongly encouraged. [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|Voice your input here]].—[[:m:w:User:Cyberpower678|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;font-family:Neuropol&quot;&gt;cyberpower]] [[:m:w:User talk:Cyberpower678|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Chat]]&lt;sub style=&quot;margin-left:-4.4ex;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Automation&lt;/sub&gt; 05:06, 23 Khotavuxika 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0505 --&gt;

== Universal Language Selector will be enabled on 2013-07-09 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
On July 9, 2013, [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) will be enabled on this wiki. The ULS provides a flexible way to configure and deliver language settings like interface language, fonts, and input methods (keyboard mappings). Making it available here is the last phase of making ULS available on all Wikimedia wikis.

Please read the announcement on [[m:Announcement Universal Language Selector|Meta-Wiki]] for more information. [[m:User_talk:Siebrand|Siebrand]] 13:01, 4 Mawuwani 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0515 --&gt;

== Pywikipedia is migrating to git ==

Hello, Sorry for English but It's very important for bot operators so I hope someone translates this.
[[mw:PWB|Pywikipedia]] is migrating to Git so after July 26, SVN checkouts won't be updated If you're using Pywikipedia you have to switch to git, otherwise you will use out-dated framework and your bot might not work properly. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit|manual]] for doing that and a [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/07/23/pywikipediabot-moving-to-git-on-july-26/ blog post] explaining about this change in non-technical language. If you have question feel free to ask in [[mw:Manual talk:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit]], [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/pywikipedia-l mailing list], or in the [irc://irc.freenode.net/#pywikipediabot IRC channel]. Best [[mw:User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt; 13:52, 23 Mawuwani 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0534 --&gt;

== VisualEditor and your Wikipedia ==

''(Please translate this message)''

Greetings,

The Wikimedia Foundation will soon turn on [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] for all users, all the time on your Wikipedia. Right now your Wikipedia does not have any local documents on VisualEditor, and we hope that your community can change that. To find out about how you can help with translations visit the [[mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|TranslationCentral for VisualEditor]] and read the easy instructions on [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Localization|bringing information to your Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide]] and the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ|FAQ]] are very important to have in your language.
 
We want to find out as much as we can from you about VisualEditor and how it helps your Wikipedia, and having local pages is a great way to start. We also encourage you to [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|leave feedback on Mediawiki]] where the community can offer ideas, opinions, and point out bugs that may still exist in the software that need to be reported to [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=VisualEditor Bugzilla]. 
If you are able to speak for the concerns of others in English on MediaWiki or locally I encourage you to help your community to be represented in this process.

If you can help translate the user interface for VisualEditor to your language, you can help with that as well. [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc Translatewiki] has open tasks for translating VisualEditor. A direct link to translate the user interface is [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=!translated&amp;action=translate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor here].  You can see how we are doing with those translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc here]. You need an account on Translatewiki to translate.  This account is free and easy to create.

If we can help your community in any way with this process, please let me know and I will do my best to assist your Wikipedia with this |exciting development. You can contact me on my [[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|meta talk page]] or by [[Special:EmailUser/Keegan (WMF)|email]].  You can also contact [[mw:User_talk:PEarley_(WMF)|Patrick Earley]] for help with translations and documents on Mediawiki.  We look forward to working with you to bring the VisualEditor experience to your Wikipedia! [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:15, 30 Mawuwani 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0549 --&gt;

== HTTPS for users with an account ==

Greetings. Starting on August 21 (tomorrow), all users with an account will be using [[m:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS]] to access Wikimedia sites. HTTPS brings better security and improves your privacy. More information is available at [[m:HTTPS]].

If HTTPS causes problems for you, tell us [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org on bugzilla], [[m:IRC|on IRC]] (in the &lt;code&gt;#wikimedia-operations&lt;/code&gt; channel) or [[m:Talk:HTTPS|on meta]]. If you can't use the other methods, you can also send an e-mail to &lt;code&gt;https@wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt;.

[[m:User:Greg (WMF)|Greg Grossmeier]] &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. 19:47, 20 Mhawuri 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0560 --&gt;

== [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Request for consultation on community logo]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|thumb|Request for consultation on this community logo]]

First, I’d like to apologize for the English. If you can, please help to translate this for other members of your community.

The legal team at the Wikimedia Foundation would greatly appreciate your input on the best way to manage the &quot;community logo&quot; (pictured here) to best balance protection of the projects with community support. Accordingly, they have created a “request for consultation” on Meta where they set out briefly some of the issues to be considered and the options that they perceive. [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Your input would be invaluable]] in helping guide them in how best to serve our mission.

Thank you! --[[m:User:Mdennis|Mdennis]] ([[m:User talk:Mdennis|talk]]) &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. 03:18, 24 Ndzhati 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0590 --&gt;

== [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] ==

[[File:Notifications-Flyout-Screenshot-08-10-2013-Cropped.png|thumb|300px|Notifications inform you of new activity that affects you -- and let you take quick action.]]
''(This message is in English, please translate as needed)''

Greetings!  

[[mw:Echo|Notifications]] will inform users about new activity that affects them on this wiki in a unified way: for example, this new tool will let you know when you have new talk page messages, edit reverts, mentions or links -- and is designed to augment (rather than replace) the watchlist. The Wikimedia Foundation's editor engagement team developed this tool (code-named 'Echo') earlier this year, to help users contribute more productively to MediaWiki projects. 

We're now getting ready to bring Notifications to almost all other Wikimedia sites, and are aiming for a 22 October deployment, as outlined in [[mw:Echo/Release_Plan_2013|this release plan]]. It is important that notifications is translated for all of the languages we serve.  

There are three major points of translation needed to be either done or checked:
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-echo#sortable:3=desc Echo on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-thanks#sortable:3=desc Thanks on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[[mw:Help:Notifications|Notifications help on mediawiki.org]].  This page can be hosted after translation on mediawiki.org or we can localize it to this Wikipedia.  You do not have to have an account to translate on mediawiki, but single-user login will create it for you there if you follow the link.
:*[[mw:Echo/Release Plan 2013#Checklist|Checklist]]

Please let us know if you have any questions, suggestions or comments about this new tool. For more information, visit [[mw:Echo_(Notifications)|this project hub]] and [[mw:Help:Notifications|this help page]]. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:20, 4 Nhlangula 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system) (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0597 --&gt;

== Speak up about the trademark registration of the Community logo. ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all, 

Please join the consultation about the Community logo that represents Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation]].

This community consultation was commenced on September 24. The following day, two individuals filed a legal opposition against the registration of the Community logo.

The question is whether the Wikimedia Foundation should seek a collective membership mark with respect to this logo or abandon its registration and protection of the trademark. 

We want to make sure that everyone get a chance to speak up so that we can get clear direction from the community.  We would therefore really appreciate the community's help in translating this announcement from English so that everyone is able to understand it.

Thanks, 
[[m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] &amp; [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] 20:59, 8 Nhlangula 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0601 --&gt;

== Introducting Beta Features ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate if necessary)''

We would like to let you know about [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features]], a new program from the Wikimedia Foundation that lets you try out new features before they are released for everyone.

Think of it as a digital laboratory where community members can preview upcoming software and give feedback to help improve them. This special preference page lets designers and engineers experiment with new features on a broad scale, but in a way that's not disruptive.

Beta Features is now ready for testing on [[mw:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|MediaWiki.org]]. It will also be released on Wikimedia Commons and MetaWiki this Thursday, 7 November. Based on test results, the plan is to release it on all wikis worldwide on 21 November, 2013.

Here are the first features you can test this week:
* [[mw:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|Media Viewer]] — view images in large size or full screen
* [[mw:VisualEditor/Beta_Features/Formulae|VisualEditor Formulæ]] (for wikis with [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]) — edit algebra or equations on your pages
* [[mw:Typography_Update|Typography Refresh]] —  make text more readable (coming Thursday)

Would you like to try out Beta Features now? After you log in on MediaWiki.org, a small 'Beta' link will appear next to your 'Preferences'. Click on it to see features you can test, check the ones you want, then click 'Save'. Learn more on the [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features page]].

After you've tested Beta Features, please let the developers know what you think on [[mw:Talk:About_Beta_Features|this discussion page]] -- or report any bugs [http://wmbug.com/new?product=MediaWiki%20extensions&amp;component=BetaFeatures here on Bugzilla]. You're also welcome to join [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|this IRC office hours chat]] on Friday, 8 November at 18:30 UTC. 

Beta Features was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation's Design, Multimedia and VisualEditor teams. Along with other developers, they will be adding new features to this experimental program every few weeks. They are very grateful to all the community members who helped create this project — and look forward to many more productive collaborations in the future.

Enjoy, and don't forget to let developers know what you think!  [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:46, 5 Hukuri 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]])&lt;/small&gt;, 20:46, 5 Hukuri 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0622 --&gt;

== Call for comments on draft trademark policy ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all, 

The Wikimedia legal team invites you to participate in the development of the new Wikimedia trademark policy.

The [[:wmf:Trademark policy|current trademark policy]] was introduced in 2009 to protect the [[:wmf:Wikimedia trademarks|Wikimedia marks]]. We are now updating this policy to better balance permissive use of the marks with the legal requirements for preserving them for the community. The new draft trademark policy is ready for your review [[:m:Trademark policy|here]], and we encourage you to discuss it [[:m:Talk:Trademark policy|here]].

We would appreciate if someone would translate this message into your language so more members of your community can contribute to the conversation.

Thanks, &lt;br /&gt;
[[:m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] &amp; [[:m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0657 --&gt;

==VisualEditor coming to this wiki==
Hello. Please excuse the English. I would be grateful if you can translate this message!

VisualEditor is coming to this project on December 2, 2013. VisualEditor is software in development to allow people to edit pages in MediaWiki without needing to learn wikitext syntax (like typing &lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt; to start a link). It is already available and in use on some Wikipedia projects. Please see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ]] for more information.

When this software arrives, you will have the option to use it or to use the current wikitext editor. When you press “edit”, you will get the new VisualEditor software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press “edit source”. For more information about how to use VisualEditor, see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]].

We hope that this software will be useful to people in your community, and we can really use your help to make it better! Please let us know if you find any problems. If you're willing and able, please [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/How to report a bug|report the issue in bugzilla]] in the [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=VisualEditor&amp;format=guided &quot;VisualEditor&quot; product]. If you would prefer not, please explain the issue you found on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|central feedback page]] on mediawiki.org. Once VisualEditor is made available, if there are any urgent problems, like an unexpected bug suddenly causing widespread severe problems, please e-mail James Forrester, the Product Manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org for immediate attention.

We would also appreciate help with translation with the pages about VisualEditor here and on MediaWiki.org, and its user interface. To translate the user interface, start by creating an account at [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Special%3AFirstSteps&amp;type=on TranslateWiki]. Once your account request is approved, all you need to do is select your language from [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc this list]. This will give you a list of individual lines and paragraphs. The English original will be on one side, with the option to “edit” on the other. Pressing “edit” will open an edit window where you can work.

The User Guide is another important document.  To translate this, simply go to [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|the MediaWiki.org page]], and select “translate this page”.  Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right.  If you want to help with translations and would like to talk about how, please leave a message for me on my talk page.

Thank you, and happy editing! --[[User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Mdennis (WMF)|talk]]) 19:24, 19 Hukuri 2013 (UTC)

== Request for comment on Commons: Should Wikimedia support MP4 video? ==

''I apologize for this message being only in English. Please translate it if needed to help your community.''

The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|multimedia team]] seeks community guidance on a proposal to support the [[w:MP4|MP4 video format]]. This digital video standard is used widely around the world to record, edit and watch videos on mobile phones, desktop computers and home video devices. It is also known as [[w:MP4|H.264/MPEG-4 or AVC]].

Supporting the MP4 format would make it much easier for our users to view and contribute video on Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects -- and video files could be offered in dual formats on our sites, so we could continue to support current open formats (WebM and Ogg Theora). 

However, MP4 is a patent-encumbered format, and using a proprietary format would be a departure from our current practice of only supporting open formats on our sites -- even though the licenses appear to have acceptable legal terms, with only a small fee required. 

We would appreciate your guidance on whether or not to support MP4. Our Request for Comments presents views both in favor and against MP4 support, based on opinions we’ve heard in our discussions with community and team members. 

[[commons:Commons:Requests for comment/MP4 Video|Please join this RfC -- and share your advice]].

All users are welcome to participate, whether you are active on Commons, Wikipedia, other Wikimedia project -- or any site that uses content from our free media repository.

You are also welcome to join tomorrow's [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|Office hours chat on IRC]],  this Thursday, January 16, at 19:00 UTC, if you would like to discuss this project with our team and other community members.

We look forward to a constructive discussion with you, so we can make a more informed decision together on this important topic. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 06:46, 16 Sunguti 2014 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MP4_notice_targets&amp;oldid=7105580 --&gt;

== Universal Language Selector will be enabled by default again on this wiki by 21 February 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
On January 21 2014 the MediaWiki extension [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) was [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Jan2014|disabled]] on this wiki. A new preference was added for logged-in users to turn on ULS. This was done to prevent slow loading of pages due to ULS webfonts, a behaviour that had been observed by the Wikimedia Technical Operations team on some wikis. 

We are now ready to enable ULS again. The temporary preference to enable ULS will be removed. A [[commons:File:ULS-font-checkbox.png|new checkbox]] has been added to the Language Panel to enable/disable font delivery. This will be unchecked by default for this wiki, but can be selected at any time by the users to enable webfonts. This is an interim solution while we improve the feature of webfonts delivery.

You can read the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Feb2014|announcement]] and the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Upcoming Development Plan|development plan]] for more information. Apologies for writing this message only in English. Thank you. [[m:User_talk:Runab WMF|Runa]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Reenable_2014&amp;oldid=7490703 --&gt;

== Amendment to the Terms of Use ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all, 

Please join a discussion about a [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|proposed amendment]] to the [[wmf:Terms of Use|Wikimedia Terms of Use]] regarding undisclosed paid editing and we encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please translate this statement if you can, and we welcome you to translate the proposed amendment and introduction. Please see [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|the discussion on Meta Wiki]] for more information. Thank you! [[:m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 22:00, 21 Nyenyenyani 2014 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=7499312 --&gt;

== Call for project ideas: funding is available for community experiments ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:IEG_key_blue.png|100px|right]]

''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

Do you have an idea for a project that could improve your community? [[m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants]] from the Wikimedia Foundation help support individuals and small teams to organize experiments for 6 months. You can get funding to try out your idea for online community organizing, outreach, tool-building, or research to help make {{SITENAME}} better. In March, we’re looking for new project proposals. 

Examples of past Individual Engagement Grant projects:
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Build_an_effective_method_of_publicity_in_PRChina|Organizing social media for Chinese Wikipedia]] ($350 for materials) 
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Visual_editor-_gadgets_compatibility|Improving gadgets for Visual Editor]] ($4500 for developers)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/The_Wikipedia_Library|Coordinating access to reliable sources for Wikipedians]] ($7500 for project management, consultants and materials)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Elaborate_Wikisource_strategic_vision|Building community and strategy for Wikisource]] (€10000 for organizing and travel)

'''[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-applying|Proposals]] are due by 31 March 2014.''' There are a number of ways to [[m:Grants:IEG|get involved]]! 

Hope to have your participation,

--[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual
Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 19:44, 28 Nyenyenyani 2014 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Proposed optional changes to Terms of Use amendment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, in response to some community comments in the discussion on the amendment to the Terms of Use on undisclosed paid editing,  we have prepared two optional changes. Please [[m:Terms_of_use/Paid_contributions_amendment#Optional_changes|read about these optional changes on Meta wiki]] and share your comments. If you can (and this is a non english project), please translate this announcement. Thanks! [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 21:56, 13 Nyenyankulu 2014 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Changes to the default site typography coming soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; 
This week, the typography on Wikimedia sites will be updated for all readers and editors who use the default &quot;Vector&quot; skin. This change will involve new serif fonts for some headings, small tweaks to body content fonts, text size, text color, and spacing between elements. The schedule is: 

* '''April 1st''': non-Wikipedia projects will see this change live
* '''April 3rd''': Wikipedias will see this change live

This change is very similar to the &quot;Typography Update&quot; Beta Feature that has been available on Wikimedia projects since November 2013. After several rounds of testing and with feedback from the community, this Beta Feature will be disabled and successful aspects enabled in the default site appearance. Users who are logged in may still choose to use another skin, or alter their [[Special:MyPage/vector.css|personal CSS]], if they prefer a different appearance. Local [[MediaWiki:Common.css|common CSS]] styles will also apply as normal, for issues with local styles and scripts that impact all users. 

For more information:
* [[mw:Typography refresh|Summary of changes and FAQ]]
* [[mw:Talk:Typography refresh|Discussion page]] for feedback or questions
* [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/03/27/typography-refresh/ Post] on blog.wikimedia.org

-- [[m:User:Steven (WMF)|Steven Walling]] (Product Manager) on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Design|User Experience Design]] team
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== Media Viewer ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings, my apologies for writing in English.

I wanted to let you know that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] will be released to this wiki in the coming weeks. Media Viewer allows readers of Wikimedia projects to have an enhanced view of files without having to visit the file page, but with more detail than a thumbnail. You can try Media Viewer out now by turning it on in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Features]]. If you do not enjoy Media Viewer or if it interferes with your work after it is turned on you will be able to disable Media Viewer as well in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferences]]. I invite you to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|share what you think]] about Media Viewer and how it can be made better in the future.

Thank you for your time. - [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 21:29, 23 Mudyaxihi 2014 (UTC)

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== Media Viewer is now live on this wiki ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Media_Viewer_Desktop_-_Large_Image_Opaque_Info.png|thumb|Media Viewer lets you see images in larger size]]

Greetings— and sorry for writing in English, please translate if it will help your community,

The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|Multimedia team]] is happy to announce that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] was just released on this site today. 

Media Viewer displays images in larger size when you click on their thumbnails, to provide a better viewing experience. Users can now view images faster and more clearly, without having to jump to separate pages — and its user interface is more intuitive, offering easy access to full-resolution images and information, with links to the file repository for editing. The tool has been tested extensively across all Wikimedia wikis over the past six months as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] and has been [[mw:Multimedia/Media_Viewer/Release_Plan#Timeline|released]] to the largest Wikipedias, all language Wikisources, and the English Wikivoyage already.

If you do not like this feature, you can easily turn it off by clicking on &quot;Disable Media Viewer&quot; at the bottom of the screen, pulling up the information panel (or in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]]) whether you have an account or not. Learn more [[mw:Help:Multimedia/Media_Viewer#How_can_I_turn_off_this_feature.3F|in this Media Viewer Help page]].

Please let us know if you have any questions or comments about Media Viewer. You are invited to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|share your feedback in this discussion on MediaWiki.org]] in any language, to help improve this feature. You are also welcome to [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-all?c=announce-all take this quick survey in English], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-fr en français], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-es o español].

We hope you enjoy Media Viewer. Many thanks to all the community members who helped make it possible. - [[mw:User:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|Fabrice Florin (WMF)]]  ([[m:User talk:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|talk]]) 21:54, 19 Khotavuxika 2014 (UTC)

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== VisualEditor global newsletter—June 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
This is a &lt;u&gt;one-time mailing&lt;/u&gt; to projects that may need this information.  Future newsletters will be available as '''opt-in only'''. To receive future newsletters (about one per month), please '''add your page to the subscribers' list at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter]]. You're welcome to translate to your language.''' 
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#666666;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#A7D7F9;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#339966;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - Toolbar - Formatting.png|alt=The character formatting menu|centre|frameless|316x316px]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
The character formatting menu, or &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-style-tooltip}}&quot; menu lets you set bold, italic, and other text styles.  &quot;Clear formatting&quot; removes all text styles and removes links to other pages.

Do you think that clear formatting should remove links?  Are there changes you would like to see for this menu?  [[:mw:Thread:VisualEditor/Feedback/Clearing formatting_and_links|Share your opinion at MediaWiki.org]].

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is mostly working to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs.  You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.''

* They have moved the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialog-command-help-title}}&quot; link out of the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}&quot; menu, into the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-help-tool}}&quot; menu.  Within dialog boxes, buttons are now more accessible (via the Tab key) from the keyboard.
* You can now '''see the target of the link''' when you click on it, without having to open the inspector.
* The team also expanded '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal/TemplateData|TemplateData]]''': You can now add a parameter type  &quot;&lt;code&gt;date&quot;&lt;/code&gt; for dates and times in the [[w:ISO 8601|ISO 8601]] format, and  &quot;&lt;code&gt;boolean&quot;&lt;/code&gt; for values which are true or false.  Also, templates that redirect to other templates (like &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{citeweb}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite web}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) now get the TemplateData of their target ([[bugzilla:50964|bug 50964]]).  You can test TemplateData by editing [[:mw:Template:Sandbox/doc]].
* Category: and File: pages now display their contents correctly after saving an edit ([[bugzilla:65349|bug 65349]], [[bugzilla:64239|bug 64239]])
* They have also improved '''reference editing''':  You should no longer be able to add empty citations with VisualEditor (bug 64715), as with references.  When you edit a reference, you can now empty it and click the &quot;use an existing reference&quot; button to replace it with another reference instead. 
* It is now possible to edit '''inline images''' with VisualEditor.  Remember that inline images cannot display captions, so existing captions get removed.  Many other bugs related to images were also fixed.
*  You can now add and edit &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__DISAMBIG__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; in  the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}&quot; menu, rounding out the full set of page options currently planned. 
* The tool to insert '''special characters''' is now wider and simpler.&lt;/div&gt;

=== Looking ahead ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

The VisualEditor team has posted a draft of their goals for the next fiscal year.  You can read them and suggest changes [[:mw:Wikimedia Engineering/2014-15 Goals#Editing|on MediaWiki.org]].  

The team posts details about planned work on [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor's roadmap]].  You will soon be able to '''drag-and-drop text''' as well as images.  If you drag an image to a new place, it won't let you place it in the middle of a paragraph.  All dialog boxes and windows will be simplified based on user testing and feedback.  The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''autofill features''']]''' for citations'''.  &lt;mark&gt;Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.&lt;/mark&gt;  Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed.  The designers are also working on support for '''viewing and editing hidden HTML comments''' and '''adding rows and columns to tables'''.  
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Supporting your wiki ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Please read [[:mw:VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor/Citation tool]] for information on configuring the new '''citation template menu''', labeled &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot;.  This menu will not appear unless it has been configured on your wiki.   

If you speak a language other than English, '''we need your help with translating [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]]'''.  The guide is out of date or incomplete for many languages, and what's on your wiki may not be the most recent translation.  Please [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Getting_started_with_translations|contact us]] if you need help getting started with translation work on MediaWiki.org.   

VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects.  If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] or file an enhancement request in Bugzilla.   

Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on '''Saturday, 19 July 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=21&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=19&amp;month=07&amp;year=2014 21:00 UTC]''' (daytime for the Americas and Pacific Islands) or on '''Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014 9:00 UTC]''' (daytime for Europe, Middle East, Asia).

If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] (or at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only). Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:33, 25 Khotavuxika 2014 (UTC)
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== Updates related to VisualEditor ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
:''Please help translate this message in your language. Thanks :) ''
Hi, everybody. This is a reminder that we invite you to discuss VisualEditor's recent development and plans ahead during the '''[[:m:IRC office hours|next office hours]]''' with James Forrester (Product Manager):
*[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014 Thursday, August 14, 9:00 UTC];
*[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=18&amp;month=09&amp;year=2014 Thursday, September 18, 16:00 UTC].
If you are not able to attend but have a question for James, you can leave your question [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|at mediawiki.org]] or on my talk page &lt;u&gt;by the day before&lt;/u&gt;, and I will try to get a response. We plan to continue these monthly sessions as long as there is community interest, and to announce them through the '''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|VisualEditor global newsletter]]''' as well (please subscribe your talk page there to get the latest news about the software).

Most of the VisualEditor team will be at '''[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimania in London]''' in August! You'll be able to meet the developers during the Hackaton or at the following sessions:
*[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_%E2%80%94_helping_users_edit_more_easily VisualEditor — helping users edit more easily], Saturday, August 9;
*[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds VisualEditor — engineering against the odds], Sunday, August 10.
WMF community liaisons will share a booth with community advocates at the Community Village and look forward to talking to you there. Thanks for your attention! --[[User:Elitre (WMF)]] 16:02, 31 Mawuwani 2014 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor global newsletter—July and August 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|200px]]
''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is currently working mostly to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs. You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.''
[[File:VisualEditor - Link editing inline box.png|thumb|Dialog boxes in VisualEditor have been re-designed to use action words instead of icons.  This has increased the number of [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Translate the VisualEditor interface|items that need to be translated]].

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] is also being updated.
|alt=Screenshot of VisualEditor's link tool|240px]]

The biggest visible change since the last newsletter was to the dialog boxes.  '''The design for each dialog box and window was simplified.'''  The most commonly needed buttons are now at the top.  Based on user feedback, the buttons are now labeled with simple words (like &quot;Cancel&quot; or &quot;Done&quot;) instead of potentially confusing icons (like &quot;&lt;&quot; or &quot;X&quot;).  Many of the buttons to edit links, images, and other items now also show the linked page, image name, or other useful information when you click on them.
* '''Hidden HTML comments''' (notes visible to editors, but not to readers) can now be read, edited, inserted, and removed.  A small icon (a white exclamation mark on a dot) marks the location of each comments.  You can click on the icon to see the comment.
* You can now '''drag and drop text''' and templates as well as images.  A new placement line makes it much easier to see where you are dropping the item.  Images can no longer be dropped into the middle of paragraphs.
* '''All references and footnotes ('''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' tags) are now made through the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot; menu''', including the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-reference-tooltip}}&quot; (manual formatting) footnotes and the ability to re-use an existing citation, both of which were previously accessible only through the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}&quot; menu.  The &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-referencelist-tooltip}}&quot; is still added via the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}&quot; menu.
* When you add an image or other media file, you are now prompted to add an '''image caption''' immediately. You can also replace an image whilst keeping the original caption and other settings.
* All tablet users visiting the '''mobile web''' version of Wikipedias will be able to opt-in to a version of VisualEditor from 14 August.  You can test the new tool by choosing the beta version of the mobile view in the Settings menu.
* The '''link tool''' has a new &quot;Open&quot; button that will open a linked page in another tab so you can make sure a link is the right one. 
* The '''&quot;Cancel&quot; button''' in the toolbar has been removed based on user testing.  To cancel any edit, you can leave the page by clicking the Read tab, the back button in your browser, or closing the browser window without saving your changes.
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Looking ahead ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

The team posts details about planned work on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].  The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']]''' for citations''' soon.  &lt;mark&gt;Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.&lt;/mark&gt;  Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed.  The designers are also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables'''.  Work to support '''Internet Explorer''' is ongoing.
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Feedback opportunities ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

The Editing team will be making two presentations this weekend at '''Wikimania''' in London.  The first is with product manager James Forrester and developer Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_helping_users_edit_more_easily|Saturday at 16:30]].  The second is with developers Roan Kattouw and Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds|Sunday at 12:30]]. There is a '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Translathon|VisualEditor Translation Sprint]]''' going on during Wikimania; whether you're in London or not, any contributions are welcome!   

Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|'''VisualEditor feedback page''']] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|'''office hours discussion''']] on Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014 09:00 UTC] (daytime for Europe, Middle East and Asia) or on Thursday, 18 September 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=18&amp;month=09&amp;year=2014 16:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Europe).   

If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only or at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] for any project. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 14:40, 9 Mhawuri 2014 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Letter petitioning WMF to reverse recent decisions ==

The Wikimedia Foundation recently created a new feature, &quot;superprotect&quot; status. The purpose is to prevent pages from being edited by elected administrators -- but permitting WMF staff to edit them. It has been put to use in only one case: to protect the deployment of the Media Viewer software on German Wikipedia, in defiance of a clear decision of that community to disable the feature by default, unless users decide to enable it.

If you oppose these actions, please add your name to this letter. If you know non-Wikimedians who support our vision for the free sharing of knowledge, and would like to add their names to the list, please ask them to sign an identical version of the letter on change.org.
* [[:m:Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer|Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer]]
* [http://www.change.org/p/lila-tretikov-remove-new-superprotect-status-and-permit-wikipedia-communities-to-enact-current-software-decisions-uninhibited Letter on change.org]

-- [[:m:User:JurgenNL|JurgenNL]] ([[:m:User talk:JurgenNL|talk]]) 17:35, 21 Mhawuri 2014 (UTC)
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== Process ideas for software development ==

&lt;div class=”mw-content-ltr”&gt;
’’My apologies for writing in English.’’

Hello,

I am notifying you that a brainstorming session has been [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)/Process ideas|started on Meta]] to help the Wikimedia Foundation increase and better affect community participation in software development across all wiki projects. Basically, how can you be more involved in helping to create features on Wikimedia projects?  We are inviting all interested users to voice their ideas on how communities can be more involved and informed in the product development process at the Wikimedia Foundation. It would be very appreciated if you could translate this message to help inform your local communities as well.

I and the rest of [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)|my team]] welcome you to participate. We hope to see you on Meta.

Kind regards,
-- [[m:User:Rdicerb (WMF)|Rdicerb (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Rdicerb (WMF)|talk]] 22:15, 21 Mhawuri 2014 (UTC)

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== Grants to improve your project ==

:''Apologies for English.  Please help translate this message.''
Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals for funding new experiments from September 1st to 30th. Your idea could improve Wikimedia projects with a new tool or gadget, a better process to support community-building on your wiki, research on an important issue, or something else we haven't thought of yet. 
Whether you need $200 or $30,000 USD, Individual Engagement Grants can cover your own project development time in addition to hiring others to help you.
*'''[[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|Submit your proposal]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 2 Ndzhati 2014 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor available on Internet Explorer 11 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]]

VisualEditor will become available to users of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 during today's regular software update.  Support for some earlier versions of Internet Explorer is being worked on.  If you encounter problems with VisualEditor on Internet Explorer, please contact the Editing team by leaving a message at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]] on Mediawiki.org.  Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 07:29, 11 Ndzhati 2014 (UTC). 

PS. Please subscribe to the [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|global monthly newsletter]] to receive further news about VisualEditor.
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== VisualEditor News #8—2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:TemplateData GUI editor with two parameters.png|alt=|centre|frameless|230x230px]]'''Did you know?''' 
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
TemplateData is a separate program that organizes information about the parameters that can be used in a template.  VisualEditor reads that data, and uses it to populate its simplified template dialogs.

With the new TemplateData editor, it is easier to add information about parameters, because the ones you need to use are pre-loaded. 

See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] for more information about adding TemplateData.  [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing]] team has reduced technical debt, simplified some workflows for template and citation editing, made major progress on Internet Explorer support, and fixed [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=349619&amp;order=priority%252Cbug_severity&amp;product=VisualEditor&amp;query_format=advanced&amp;resolution=FIXED&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-14&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-21&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-28&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-04&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-11&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-18&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-25&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-02 over 125 bugs and requests]. Several performance improvements were made, especially to the system around re-using references and reference lists.  Weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. 

There were three issues that required urgent fixes: a deployment error that meant that many buttons didn't work correctly (bugs [[bugzilla:69856|69856]] and [[bugzilla:69864|69864]]), a problem with edit conflicts that left the editor with nowhere to go ([[bugzilla:69150|bug 69150]]), and a problem in Internet Explorer 11 that replaced some categories with a link to the system message [[MediaWiki:Badtitletext]] ([[bugzilla:70894|bug 70894]]) when you saved. The developers apologize for the disruption, and thank the people who reported these problems quickly.

=== Increased support for devices and browsers ===
'''Internet Explorer 10 and 11 users now have access to VisualEditor'''. This means that about 5% of Wikimedia's users will now get an &quot;Edit&quot; tab alongside the existing &quot;Edit source&quot; tab.  Support for Internet Explorer 9 is planned for the future.

'''Tablet users''' browsing the site's mobile mode now have the option of using a mobile-specific form of VisualEditor. More editing tools, and availability of VisualEditor on smartphones, is planned for the future. The '''mobile version of VisualEditor''' was tweaked to show the context menu for citations instead of basic references ([[bugzilla:68897|bug 68897]]).  A bug that broke the editor in iOS was corrected and released early ([[bugzilla:68949|bug 68949]]). For mobile tablet users, three bugs related to scrolling were fixed ([[bugzilla:66697|bug 66697]], [[bugzilla:68828|bug 68828]], [[bugzilla:69630|bug 69630]]). You can use VisualEditor on the mobile version of Wikipedia from your tablet by clicking on the cog in the top-right when editing a page and choosing which editor to use.

=== TemplateData editor ===
'''The tool for editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to 30 more Wikipedias this week.'''  Other Wikipedias and some other projects may receive access next month.  This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation.  When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages).  To use it, edit the template page or a subpage, and then click the &quot;{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}&quot; button at the top.  Read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]].  You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]].  Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself.  Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template.

=== Other changes ===
Several interface '''messages and labels were changed''' to be simpler, clearer, or shorter, based on feedback from translators and editors. The formatting of dialogs was changed, and more changes to the appearance will be coming soon, when VisualEditor implements the new MediaWiki theme from Design.  (A preview of the theme is [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|available on Labs]] for developers.)  The team also made some improvements for users of the '''Monobook''' skin that improved the size of text in toolbars and fixed selections that overlapped menus.

VisualEditor-MediaWiki now supplies the &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-redirect&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-disambig&lt;/code&gt; class on '''links to redirects and disambiguation pages''', so that user gadgets that colour in these types of links can be created.

'''Templates' fields can be marked as '&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;required&lt;/code&gt;' '''in TemplateData.  If a parameter is marked as required, then you cannot delete that field when you add a new template or edit an existing one ([[bugzilla:60358|bug 60358]]). 

Language support improved by making annotations use bi-directional isolation (so they display correctly with cursoring behaviour as expected) and by fixing a bug that crashed VisualEditor when trying to edit a page with a &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;dir&lt;/code&gt; attribute but no &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;lang&lt;/code&gt; set ([[bugzilla:69955|bug 69955]]). 

=== Looking ahead ===
The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].  The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon, perhaps in late October.        

The team is also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables''', and early work for this may appear within the month.  &lt;mark&gt;Please comment on the design [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Table editor#Design Workflow for comments|at Mediawiki.org]].&lt;/mark&gt;

In the future, real-time collaborative editing may be possible in VisualEditor.  Some early preparatory work for this was recently done. 

=== Supporting your wiki ===

At Wikimania, several developers gave presentations about VisualEditor.  A translation sprint focused on improving access to VisualEditor was supported by many people.  '''Deryck Chan''' was the top translator.  Special honors also go to '''संजीव कुमार (Sanjeev Kumar)''', '''Robby''', '''Takot''', '''Bachounda''', '''Bjankuloski06''' and '''Ата'''.  A [[mw:VisualEditor/Translathon#Highlights from the Translathon|summary]] of the work achieved by the translation community is available.  Thank you all for your work.      

This was the first translatable VisualEditor newsletter, so thanks to everybody who made this possible! If it hasn't been delivered in your language, and you'd like to help with translations in the future, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;, so that you will be notified when the next issue is due.      

VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects.  If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User talk:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]&lt;/span&gt; or file an [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=VisualEditor&amp;component=General enhancement request in Bugzilla].    

Please join the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on Saturday, 18 October 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=18&amp;month=10&amp;year=2014 18:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Africa and Europe) and on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&amp;iso=20141119T16&amp;p1=1440 16:00 UTC] on [[:w:IRC|IRC]].

''Give feedback on VisualEditor at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]]  Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!''  —&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; 09:49, 13 Nhlangula 2014 (UTC)
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== Meta RfCs on two new global groups ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, 

There are currently requests for comment open on meta to create two new global groups. The first is a group for members of the OTRS permissions queue, which would grant them autopatrolled rights on all wikis except those who opt-out. That proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Creation of a global OTRS-permissions user group]]. The second is a group for Wikimedia Commons admins and OTRS agents to view deleted file pages through the 'viewdeletedfile' right on all wikis except those who opt-out. The second proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Global file deletion review]].

We would like to hear what you think on both proposals. Both are in English; if you wanted to translate them into your native language that would also be appreciated.

It is possible for individual projects to opt-out, so that users in those groups do not have any additional rights on those projects. To do this please start a local discussion, and if there is consensus you can request to opt-out of either or both at [[m:Stewards' noticeboard]].

Thanks and regards, [[m:User:Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]] ([[m:User talk:Ajraddatz|talk]]) 18:04, 26 Nhlangula 2014 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (November 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for:

*'''DeGruyter''': 1000 new accounts for English and German-language research. Sign up on one of two language Wikipedias:
**[[w:en:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|English signup]] 
**[[w:de:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|Deutsch signup]] 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Fold3|Fold3]]''': 100 new accounts for American history and military archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:ScotlandsPeople|Scotland's People]]''': 100 new accounts for Scottish genealogy database
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]''': expanded by 100+ accounts for British newspapers 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|Highbeam]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for newspaper and magazine archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia| Questia]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal and social science articles
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal archives

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].23:19, 5 Hukuri 2014 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Global AbuseFilter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello,

[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is a MediaWiki extension used to detect likely abusive behavior patterns, like pattern vandalism and spam. In 2013, [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global AbuseFilters]] were enabled on a limited set of wikis including Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki.org, Wikispecies and (in early 2014) all the &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=small.dblist small wikis]&quot;. Recently, global abuse filters were enabled on &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=medium.dblist medium sized wikis]&quot; as well. These filters are currently managed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and have shown to be very effective in preventing mass spam attacks across Wikimedia projects. However, there is currently no policy on how the global AbuseFilters will be managed although there are proposals. There is an ongoing [[m:Requests for comment/Global AbuseFilter|request for comment]] on policy governing the use of the global AbuseFilters. In the meantime, specific wikis can opt out of using the global AbuseFilter. These wikis can simply add a request to [[m:Global AbuseFilter/Opt-out wikis|this list]] on Meta-Wiki. More details can be found on [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter/2014 announcement|this page]] at Meta-Wiki. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on [[m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter|m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter]].

Thanks,

[[m:User:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]], [[m:User:Glaisher|Glaisher]]&lt;/div&gt; — 17:34, 14 Hukuri 2014 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #9—2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - moble tablet switching.png|alt=Screenshot on an iPad, showing how to switch from one editor to the other|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;

VisualEditor is also available on the mobile version of Wikipedia. Log in and click the pencil icon to open the page you want to edit. Click on the gear-shaped settings button in the upper-right corner to pick which editor to use. Choose &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-visual-editor}}&quot; to use VisualEditor, or &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-source-editor}}&quot; to use the wikitext editor.

It will remember whether you used wikitext or VisualEditor, and use the same editor the next time you edit an article.  

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor. Not all features are available on the mobile website.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=355757&amp;product=VisualEditor&amp;query_format=advanced&amp;resolution=FIXED&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-09&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-16&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-23%20%281.25wmf5%29&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-29%20%281.25wmf6%29 bugs and requests], and worked on support for editing tables and for using non-Latin languages. Their weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. Informal notes from the recent quarterly review were posted [[m:WMF_Metrics_and_activities_meetings/Quarterly_reviews/Editing/October_2014|on Meta]]. 

=== Recent improvements ===
Basic support for '''inserting tables''' and changing the number of rows and columns in them was just introduced to Wikipedias. Advanced features, like dragging columns to different places, will be added later. 

To help editors find the most important items more quickly, some items in the toolbar menus are now hidden behind '''a &quot;{{int:Ooui-toolbar-more}}&quot; item''', such as &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-annotationbutton-underline-tooltip}}&quot; in the styling menu.

The French Wikipedia should see '''better search results''' for links, templates, and media because the [[:mw:Help:CirrusSearch|new search engine]] was turned on for everyone there. This change is expected at the Chinese and German Wikipedias this week, and the following week at the English Wikipedia. 

The &quot;pawn&quot; system has been mostly replaced. Bugs in this system sometimes added a chess pawn character to wikitext. The replacement provides better support for '''non-Latin languages''', with full support hopefully coming soon. 

VisualEditor is now provided to editors who use '''Internet Explorer''' 10 or 11 on desktop and mobile devices. Internet Explorer 9 is not supported yet.

The '''keyboard shortcuts''' for items in the toolbar menus are now shown in the menus.  

VisualEditor will replace the existing design with a '''new theme''' from the [[mw:Design|User Experience/Design group]]. The appearance of dialog boxes has already changed in the mobile version. The appearance on desktops will change soon. You are welcome to compare [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old &quot;Apex&quot; design]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new &quot;MediaWiki&quot; theme]] which will replace it.

Several bugs were fixed for internal and external links. Improvements to MediaWiki's search solved an annoying problem: If you searched for the full name of the page or file that you wanted to link, sometimes the search engine could not find the page. A link inside a template to a local page that does not exist will now show red, exactly as it does when reading the page. Due to an error, for about two weeks this also affected all external links inside templates. Opening an auto-numbered link node like [http://example.com] with the keyboard used to open the wrong link tool. These problems have all been fixed.

=== TemplateData ===

'''The tool for quickly editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on Thursday, 6 November.''' This tool was already available on the biggest 40 Wikipedias, and now all wikis will have access to it. This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation. When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages). To use it, edit the template or a subpage, and then click the &quot;{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}&quot; button at the top. Read [[mw:Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] to learn more about it. You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]]. Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself. Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template.

You can use the '''new autovalue setting''' to pre-load a value into a template. This can be used to substitute dates, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=632356794&amp;oldid=632356402 this example], or to add the most common value for that parameter. The autovalue can be overridden by the editor, by typing something else in the field.

In TemplateData, you may '''define a parameter as &quot;required&quot;'''.  The template dialog box in VisualEditor will warn editors if they leave a &quot;required&quot; parameter empty, and they will not be able to delete that parameter. If the template can function without this parameter, then please mark it as &quot;{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-suggested}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-optional}}&quot; in TemplateData instead.

=== Looking ahead ===

The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon. The appearance of the media search dialog will improve, to make picking between possible images easier and more visual. The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].        

The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] is being updated to add information about editing tables.
The translations of the user guide for most languages except Spanish, French, and Dutch are significantly out of date. '''Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;action=page&amp;filter= complete the current translations]''' for users who speak your language.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Whatamidoing_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new Talk to us] if you need help exporting the translated guide to your wiki.        
    
'''You can influence VisualEditor's design'''! Tell the VisualEditor team what you want changed during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next sessions are on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&amp;iso=20141119T16&amp;p1=1440 16:00 UTC] and on Wednesday 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=7&amp;month=1&amp;year=2015 22:00 UTC]. You can also share your ideas at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]]

Also, '''user experience researcher''' [[:mw:User:ARipstra (WMF)|Abbey Ripstra]] is looking for editors to show her how they edit Wikipedia. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for the research program] if you would like to hear about opportunities.

If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!
—&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt; 23:29, 14 Hukuri 2014 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (December 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:ELSEVIER|Elsevier]] - science and medicine journals and books
*[[w:en:WP:RSC Gold|Royal Society of Chemistry]] - chemistry journals
*[[w:en:wp:Pelican Books|Pelican Books]] - ebook monographs
*[[w:en:WP:Public Catalogue Foundation|Public Catalogue Foundation]]- art books

Other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].00:22, 18 N'wendzamhala 2014 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== VisualEditor News #10—2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}width:230px;border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]]
[[File:VisualEditor table editing add and remove columns.png|230x230px|center|frameless|alt=Screenshot showing how to add or remove columns from a table]]
'''Did you know?'''
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;
Basic table editing is now available in VisualEditor. You can add and remove rows and columns from tables at the click of a button.

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on table editing and performance. Their weekly status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].

'''VisualEditor was deployed to several hundred remaining wikis''' as an opt-in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] at the end of November, except for most Wiktionaries (which depend heavily upon templates) and all Wikisources (which await integration with [[mw:Extension:Proofread Page|ProofreadPage]]).

=== Recent improvements ===

Basic support for '''editing tables''' is now available. You can add and delete tables, add and remove rows and columns, set or remove a caption for a table, and merge cells together. To change the contents of a cell, double-click inside it. More features will be added in the coming months. In addition, VisualEditor now ignores broken, invalid &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;rowspan&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;colspan&lt;/code&gt; elements, instead of trying to repair them.

You can now use '''find and replace''' in VisualEditor, reachable through the tool menu or by pressing &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;^ Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;F&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; or &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;⌘ Cmd&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;F&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;.

You can now create and edit simple &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; paragraphs for quoting and indenting content. This changes a &quot;{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-paragraph}}&quot; into a &quot;{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-blockquote}}&quot;.

Some '''new keyboard sequences''' can be used to format content. At the start of the line, typing &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;* &lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make the line a bullet list; &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/code&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#&lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make it a numbered list; &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;==&lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make it a section heading; &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;: &lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make it a blockquote. If you didn't mean to use these tools, you can press undo to undo the formatting change.

There are also two other keyboard sequences: &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&quot; for opening the link tool, and &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&quot; for opening the template tool, to help experienced editors. The existing standard keyboard shortcuts, like &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;^ Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; to open the link editor, still work. 

If you add a category that has been redirected, then VisualEditor now adds its target. Categories without description pages show up as red.

You can again create and edit '''galleries''' as wikitext code.

=== Looking ahead ===

The current VisualEditor design will be replaced with a '''new theme''' designed by the [[mw:Design|User Experience group]]. The new theme will be visible for desktop systems at mediawiki.org in late December and on other sites in early January. (You can see a developer preview of [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old &quot;Apex&quot; theme]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new &quot;MediaWiki&quot; one]] which will replace it.)

The Editing team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' in January.

Planned changes to the media search dialog will make choosing between possible images easier.

=== Let's work together ===

* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]].
* Translations of the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] for most languages are outdated. Only Ukrainian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Dutch translations are nearly current. Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= complete the current translations] for users who speak your language.
* Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Wednesday, 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=7&amp;month=1&amp;year=2015 22:00 UTC].
* File requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator].
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program].
* If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; 
18:59, 26 N'wendzamhala 2014 (UTC)
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      <sha1>qpqn6bhyvmxcoy77axwj8k5vjiil0nl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Community Portal/Archive-4</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>4726</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36886</id>
      <parentid>29505</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-07T21:55:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing (R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif with [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohexanone.gif]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: chemical-name typo).</comment>
      <origin>36886</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="178728" sha1="tqpuhejzhe4f4if4oqvl923vu94sje9" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;margin:auto;border-spacing:3px;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #ccc7b7;background:#fffaea;margin-bottom:3px;&quot;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eee9d9;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc7b7;&quot;| '''Village Pump archive: 2015 - 2016''' &amp;#160;
|-
|style=&quot;padding:0.5em;&quot;| This page contains discussions that have been archived from [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]. Please do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to revive any of these discussions, either [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACEE}}:{{BASEPAGENAMEE}}|action=edit&amp;section=new}} start] a new thread or use the talk page associated with that topic.
|}__NOEDITSECTION__&lt;noinclude&gt;

== VisualEditor News #1—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]]
Since the last newsletter, the  [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's appearance, the coming Citoid reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. 
Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the  [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].  

The Wikimedia Foundation has named [[:mw:Wikimedia_Engineering/2014-15_Goals#Top_departmental_priorities_for_Q3_.28January-March_2015.29|its top priorities for this quarter]] (January to March). The first priority is making VisualEditor ready for deployment by default to all new users and logged-out users at the remaining large Wikipedias. You can help identify these requirements. &lt;mark&gt;There will be weekly '''triage meetings '''which''' will be open to volunteers''' beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&amp;p1=224&amp;ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC). &lt;/mark&gt; Tell Vice President of Engineering [[:foundation:User:Damon_Sicore_(WMF)|Damon Sicore]], Product Manager [[:mw:User:Jdforrester_(WMF)|James Forrester]] and other team members which bugs and features are most important to you. The decisions made at these meetings will determine what work is necessary for this quarter's goal of making VisualEditor ready for deployment to new users. The presence of volunteers who enjoy contributing MediaWiki code is particularly appreciated. Information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins. 

Due to some breaking changes in MobileFrontend and VisualEditor, VisualEditor was not working correctly on the mobile site for a couple of days in early January. The teams apologize for the problem. 

=== Recent improvements === 

The''' new design for VisualEditor''' aligns with MediaWiki's [[mw:Frontend standards group|Front-End Standards]] as led by the Design team. Several new versions of the [[mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]] library have also been released, and these also affect the appearance of VisualEditor and other MediaWiki software extensions. Most changes were minor, like changing the text size and the amount of white space in some windows. Buttons are consistently color-coded to indicate whether the action:
* starts a new task, like opening the {{int:visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog}} dialog: &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #015ccc; color:white&quot;&gt; blue &lt;/span&gt;, 
* takes a constructive action, like inserting a citation:  &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #008c6d; color:white&quot;&gt; green &lt;/span&gt;,
* might remove or lose your work, like removing a link:  &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #a7170f; color:white&quot;&gt;  red &lt;/span&gt;,  or  
* is neutral, like opening a link in a new browser window:  &lt;span style=&quot;color: 757575&quot;&gt;  gray &lt;/span&gt;.  
The '''TemplateData editor''' has been completely re-written to use a different design based on the same OOjs UI system as VisualEditor.   ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67815 T67815], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73746 T73746].) This change fixed a couple of existing bugs and improved usability. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73077 T73077], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73078 T73078].) 

'''Search and replace''' in long documents is now faster. It does not highlight every occurrence if there are more than 100 on-screen at once.([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T78234 T78234].)

Editors at the Hebrew and Russian Wikipedia requested the ability to use VisualEditor in the &quot;Article Incubator&quot; or drafts namespace. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86688 T86688], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T87027 T87027].) If your community would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''' on your wiki, then you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change.

=== Looking ahead === 

The Editing team will soon add '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. The '''[[mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[w:URL|URL]] or [[w:en: Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for ISBNs, PMIDs, and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to contribute to the Citoid service's definitions for each website, to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections.   

We will need editors to help test the '''new design of the special character inserter''', especially if you speak Welsh, Breton, or another language that uses diacritics or special characters extensively. The new version should be available for testing next week. Please contact [[:en:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] if you would like to be notified when the new version is available. After the special character tool is completed, VisualEditor will be deployed to all users at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5 Wikipedias]]. This will affect about 50 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans, Azerbaijani, Breton, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Mongolian, Tatar, and Welsh'''. The date for this change has not been determined. 

=== Let's work together === 


*Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. 
*Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter=  complete translations of the user guide] for users who speak your language. 
*Join the weekly bug triage meetings beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&amp;p1=224&amp;ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC); information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins, and you can also contact [[mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James F.]] to learn more about this initiative. 
*Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Thursday, 19 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=19&amp;month=2&amp;year=2015 19:00 UTC].  
*Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready.  Thank you! 

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; 18:30, 5 Nyenyenyani 2015 (UTC)
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== [Global proposal] m.{{SITENAME}}.org: {{int:group-all}} {{int:right-edit}} ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Mediawiki-mobile-smartphone.png|thumb|MediaWiki mobile]]
Hi, this message is to let you know that, on domains like {{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.'''m'''.wikipedia.org, '''unregistered users cannot edit'''. At the Wikimedia Forum, where global configuration changes are normally discussed, a few dozens users [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Proposal: restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites|propose to restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites]]. Please read and comment!

Thanks and sorry for writing in English, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 22:32, 1 Nyenyankulu 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 21:14, 2 Nyenyankulu 2015 (UTC)

:''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content ==

This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new ideas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idea that could help address this problem, please get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31.

All proposals are welcome - research projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outreach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on ideas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring someone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge!
:*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]]
''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:01, 4 Nyenyankulu 2015 (UTC)
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== Help with a text ==

Excuse for abusing you.

Is this text Xitsonga? ''&quot;I swingane swibidse na swibidse?&quot;''

If so, what does it mean? Thanks a lot!!!

--[[Special:Contributions/46.25.48.186|46.25.48.186]] 19:09, 12 Nyenyankulu 2015 (UTC)

== SUL finalization update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,apologies for writing in English, please read [[m:Single_User_Login_finalisation_announcement/Schema_announcement|this page]] for important information and an update involving [[m:Help:Unified login|SUL finalization]], scheduled to take place in one month. Thanks. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:45, 13 Nyenyankulu 2015 (UTC)
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== Stewards confirmation rules ==

Hello, I made [[:m:Requests_for_comment/Confirmation_of_stewards|a proposal on Meta]] to change the rules for the steward confirmations. Currently consensus to remove is required for a steward to lose his status, however I think it's fairer to the community if every steward needed the consensus to keep. As this is an issue that affects all WMF wikis, I'm sending this notification to let people know &amp; be able to participate. Best regards, --&lt;small&gt;[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]]&lt;/small&gt; 16:13, 10 Dzivamusoko 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #2—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]


'''Did you know?'''
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source:


[[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]]


Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results.  Click the green &quot;Insert&quot; button to accept its results and add them to the article:  


[[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]]


After inserting the citation, you can change it.  Select the reference, and click the &quot;Edit&quot; button in the context menu to make changes.

[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. 

The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, each Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&amp;p1=224&amp;am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC).  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug.  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. 
=== Recent improvements ===
VisualEditor is now substantially faster.  In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%.

The Editing team is slowly adding '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias.  The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for each website.

Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates.  If you would like to request this feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki.

The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users.  After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March.  This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. 

Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Korean and Japanese.  These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] (&quot;IMEs”).  Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users.

The design for the image selection process is now using a &quot;masonry fit&quot; model.  Images in the search results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|&quot;packed&quot; mode in image galleries]].  This style helps you find the right image by making it easier to see more details in images.

You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appearance ​on the page.

The pop-up window that appears when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the &quot;context menu&quot;.  It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename.  The team has also added an explicit &quot;Edit&quot; button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item.

'''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section headings.

Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to boolean value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instead. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734])

=== Looking ahead ===
The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor.  Admins at each wiki will also have the option of creating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list.  Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]].

The team is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors.  The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666])

=== Let's work together ===

* Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&amp;lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback].
* Can you translate from English into any other language?  Please check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve&amp;suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language.  [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! 
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. 
* File requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. 

Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt; 19:48, 10 Dzivamusoko 2015 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|Nominations are being accepted for 2015 Wikimedia Foundation elections]] ==

''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translations]] are available.''
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|100px|right]]
Greetings,

I am pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for the 2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections. This year the Board and the FDC Staff are looking for a diverse set of candidates from regions and projects that are traditionally under-represented on the board and in the movement as well as candidates with experience in technology, product or finance. To this end they have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|published letters]] describing what they think is needed and, recognizing that those who know the community the best are the community themselves, the election committee is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|accepting nominations]] for community members you think should run and will reach out to those nominated to provide them with information about the job and the election process.

This year, elections are being held for the following roles:

''Board of Trustees''&lt;br/&gt;
The Board of Trustees is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long term sustainability of the Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection.  There are three positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|the board elections page]].    

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''&lt;br/&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) Ombud''&lt;br/&gt;
The FDC Ombud receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis.  One position is being filled.  More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

The candidacy submission phase lasts from 00:00 UTC April 20 to 23:59 UTC May 5 for the Board and from 00:00 UTCApril 20 to 23:59 UTC April 30 for the FDC and FDC Ombudsperson. This year, we are accepting both self-nominations and nominations of others. More information on this election and the nomination process can be found on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|the 2015 Wikimedia elections page on Meta-Wiki]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the talk page on Meta, or sent to the election committee's mailing list, board-elections -at- wikimedia.org 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:03, 21 April 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== Content Translation now available as a beta feature on this Wikipedia ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello, we enabled [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] today as a beta feature on this Wikipedia. Content Translation is a tool that will help editors quickly create new articles by translating from a Wikipedia page in another language. The tool is currently in use in over [[mw:Content_translation/Languages#Available_languages|40 Wikipedias]] as a beta feature. To start translating, you will have to enable the beta feature and go to [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page and create a new translation by selecting the source language, the article name you wish to translate and target language i.e. the language of the new article you are creating. If the article already exists then a warning will be displayed. After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Wikipedia. In case the article gets created by another user while you were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]].

Since, this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but please do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97540 Phabricator] if you spot any problems that prevent you from using the tool. For more information, please read [[:mw:Content_translation#Try_the_tool|about how to use the tool]]. You can also view a [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm short screencast] on how to use Content Translation. My apologies for writing this announcement only in English. Please feel free to translate this message. Thank you. [[m:User_talk:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee]] 15:49, 30 Dzivamusoko 2015 (UTC)


Message sent using [[m:Global_message_delivery]]

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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections 2015]] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|right|75px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Voting has begun]] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|FDC Ombudsperson]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' will continue during the voting. Nominations for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Board of Trustees]]'' will be accepted until 23:59 UTC May 5.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions on the committee being filled.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee/Ombudsperson role, expectations, and selection process|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]], and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 3 to 23:59 UTC May 10. '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Click here to vote]].''' Questions and discussion with the candidates will continue during that time. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC candidates a question]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC Ombudsperson candidates a question]].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|2015 FDC election page]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|2015 FDC Ombudsperson election page]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 Board election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 03:45, 4 May 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences  (200 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for geographies within the United States (10 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]'''  — an extensive legal research database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:12, 4 Mudyaxihi 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]&lt;/small&gt;
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ts Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ts Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting.

The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=ts Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then &quot;Pywikipediabot&quot;) was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as &quot;rewrite&quot;, now called &quot;core&quot;) was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core.  If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a  [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem.

There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break.

Thank you,&lt;br /&gt;
The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC)
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== Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then &quot;Pywikipediabot&quot;) was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as &quot;rewrite&quot;, now called &quot;core&quot;) was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core.  If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a  [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem.

There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break.

Thank you,&lt;br /&gt;
The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #3—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]

'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information:
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
The link tool has been re-designed:  
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages.
[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has created new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design.  Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. 

A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase.  During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not.  The main goal of the study is to learn which group was more likely to save an edit and to make productive, unreverted edits.  Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month.    
=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''.  Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation.  If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May.  All citations are now created inside a single tool.  Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}).  The cite button is now labeled with the word &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot; rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more meaningful label, &quot;{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}&quot;, for the submit button.

The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing.  It now has two separate sections:  one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Search results have been reduced to the first five pages.  Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appeared over the first match in the link inspector.  ([[phab:T98085|T98085]])

The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor.  Admins at each wiki can also create a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list.  Please read the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]].  Also, there is now a tooltip to describing each character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]])

Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''.  When you search for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The parameter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a parameter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}&quot; each time they want to add another parameter.  ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The team added a '''new property for TemplateData''', &quot;{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}&quot;, for template parameters.  This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that parameter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]])

The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme.  In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars.  Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design feature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled.

The team has released a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''.  If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&amp;lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug.  
* If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then please contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. 
* If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]]  for the most important citation templates on your wiki. 
*The team is planning the second VisualEditor-related &quot;translathon&quot; for July. Please follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course.

Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;10:44, 13 Khotavuxika 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #3—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]

'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information:
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
The link tool has been re-designed:  
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages.
[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has created new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design.  Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. 

A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase.  During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not.  The main goal of the study is to learn which group was more likely to save an edit and to make productive, unreverted edits.  Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month.    
=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''.  Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation.  If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May.  All citations are now created inside a single tool.  Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}).  The cite button is now labeled with the word &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot; rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more meaningful label, &quot;{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}&quot;, for the submit button.

The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing.  It now has two separate sections:  one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Search results have been reduced to the first five pages.  Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appeared over the first match in the link inspector.  ([[phab:T98085|T98085]])

The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor.  Admins at each wiki can also create a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list.  Please read the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]].  Also, there is now a tooltip to describing each character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]])

Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''.  When you search for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The parameter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a parameter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}&quot; each time they want to add another parameter.  ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The team added a '''new property for TemplateData''', &quot;{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}&quot;, for template parameters.  This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that parameter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]])

The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme.  In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars.  Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design feature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled.

The team has released a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''.  If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&amp;lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug.  
* If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then please contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. 
* If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]]  for the most important citation templates on your wiki. 
*The team is planning the second VisualEditor-related &quot;translathon&quot; for July. Please follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course.

Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;13:30, 13 Khotavuxika 2015 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor &amp; Francis]]'''  — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts &amp; Humanities and Biological, Environment &amp; Earth Sciences. (30 accounts)
*'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]'''  — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present.  (100 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts)
'''New French-Language Branch!'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts).
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) —  Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts).
* '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials  (1000 accounts).

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]&lt;/small&gt;
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== HTTPS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.

Hi everyone.

Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals.

[https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified.

Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions.

/[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:00, 19 Khotavuxika 2015 (UTC)
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== Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohexanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]]
[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]]

There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side)

This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) &amp; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:07, 24 Mawuwani 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohexanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]]
[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]]

There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side)

This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) &amp; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:21, 24 Mawuwani 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== What does a Healthy Community look like to you? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]]
Hi, &lt;br&gt;
The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community.
Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship!
Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]]
=== Why get involved? ===
'''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn?
&lt;br/&gt;
Share your views on this matter that affects us all!
&lt;br&gt;
'''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' 

=== More information ===
* All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. 
* &lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt; All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at &lt;nowiki&gt;23:59&lt;/nowiki&gt; UTC''' &lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;big&gt; Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' &lt;/big&gt;
* URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign 
* Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org
&lt;br&gt;

Happy editing! 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:43, 31 Mawuwani 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== What does a Healthy Community look like to you? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]]
Hi, &lt;br&gt;
The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community.
Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship!
Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]]
=== Why get involved? ===
'''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn?
&lt;br/&gt;
Share your views on this matter that affects us all!
&lt;br&gt;
'''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' 

=== More information ===
* All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. 
* &lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt; All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at &lt;nowiki&gt;23:59&lt;/nowiki&gt; UTC''' &lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;big&gt; Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' &lt;/big&gt;
* URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign 
* Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org
&lt;br&gt;

Happy editing! 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:45, 1 Mhawuri 2015 (UTC)

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== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is coming ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

When using data from Wikidata on Wikipedia and other sister projects, there is currently a limitation in place that hinders some use cases: data can only be accessed from the corresponding item. So, for example, the Wikipedia article about Berlin can only get data from the Wikidata item about Berlin but not from the item about Germany. This had technical reasons. We are now removing this limitation. It is already done for many projects. Your project is one of the next ones. We will roll out this feature here on August 12.

We invite you to play around with this new feature if you are one of the people who have been waiting for this for a long time. If you have technical issues/questions with this you can come to [[d:Wikidata:Contact the development team]].

A note of caution: Please be careful with how many items you use for a single page. If it is too many pages, loading might get slow. We will have to see how the feature behaves in production to see where we need to tweak and how.

How to use it, once it is enabled:
* Parser function: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:P36|from=Q183}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to get the capital from the item about Germany
* Lua: see [[mw:Extension:Wikibase Client/Lua]]

Cheers [[:d:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:46, 3 Mhawuri 2015 (UTC)
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== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is here ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

Hi everyone,

As I have previously announced here we have now enabled the arbitrary access feature here. This means from now on you can make use of data from any Wikidata item in any article here. Before you could for example only access data about Berlin in the article about Berlin. If you want to find out more or have questions please come to [[d:Wikidata:Arbitrary access]]. I hope this will open up great possibilities for you and make your work easier.
Cheers [[:d:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)]] 13:32, 12 Mhawuri 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #4—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/August|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  
You can add quotations marks before and after a title or phrase with a single click.

Select the relevant text.  Find the correct quotations marks in the special character inserter tool (marked as Ω in the toolbar).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 2.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool, selected text, and the special character that will be inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
Click the button.  VisualEditor will add the quotation marks on either side of the text you selected.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 3.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool and the same text after the special character has been inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] have been working on mobile phone support. They have fixed many bugs and improved language support.  They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving language support and functionality on mobile devices.   

=== Wikimania ===
The team attended Wikimania 2015 in Mexico City. There they participated in the Hackathon and met with individuals and groups of users. They also made several presentations about [[c:File:How_we_made_VisualEditor_faster.pdf|VisualEditor]] and the [[:c:File:Wikimania_2015_–_Editing_Department_–_Beyond_Editing.pdf|future of editing]]. 

Following Wikimania, we announced winners for the [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon VisualEditor 2015 Translathon]. Our thanks and congratulations to users ''Halan-tul'', ''Renessaince'', ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ne&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;जनक राज भट्ट&lt;/span&gt; (Janak Bhatta)'', ''Vahe Gharakhanyan'', ''Warrakkk'', and ''Eduardogobi''.

For '''interface messages''' (translated at [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net]), we saw the initiative affecting 42 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 56.5% before the translathon, and 78.2% after ('''+21.7%'''). In particular, Sakha improved from 12.2% to 94.2%; Brazilian Portuguese went from 50.6% to 100%; Taraškievica went from 44.9% to 85.3%; Doteli went from 1.3% to 41.2%. Also, while 1.7% of the messages were outdated across all languages before the translathon, the percentage dropped to 0.8% afterwards (-0.9%).   

For '''documentation messages''' (on mediawiki.org), we saw the initiative affecting 24 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 26.6% before translathon, and 46.9% after ('''+20.3%''').  There were particularly notable achievements for three languages. Armenian improved from 1% to 99%; Swedish, from 21% to 99%, and Brazilian Portuguese, from 34% to 83%. Outdated translations across all languages were reduced from 8.4% before translathon to 4.8% afterwards (-3.6%).   

[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon#Graphs_(interface_messages_only) We published some graphs] showing the effect of the event on the Translathon page. We thank the translators for participating and the translatewiki.net staff for facilitating this initiative.   

=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features for citations''' can be enabled on each Wikipedia.  The tool uses the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]''' to convert a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] into a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. You can see an animated GIF of the quick, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/GIFs#Auto-citing_a_source|simple process at mediawiki.org]].  So far, about a dozen Wikipedias have enabled the auto-citation tool.  To enable it for your wiki, follow the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|instructions at mediawiki.org]].

Your wiki can customize the first section of the '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor. Please follow the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special_characters|instructions at mediawiki.org]] to put the characters you want at the top. 
In other changes, if you need to fill in a [[:mw:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]] and get it wrong, then you can click to get a new one to complete.  VisualEditor can now display and edit [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Graph|Vega-based graphs]]. If you use the Monobook skin, VisualEditor's appearance is now more consistent with other software.     

=== Future changes ===
The team will be changing the '''appearance of selected links''' inside VisualEditor. The purpose is to make it easy to see whether your cursor is inside or outside the link.  When you select a link, the link label (the words shown on the page) will be enclosed in a faint box.  If you place your cursor inside the box, then your changes to the link label will be part of the link.  If you place your cursor outside the box, then it will not.  This will make it easy to know when new characters will be added to the link and when they will not.

On the English Wikipedia, 10% of newly created accounts are now offered both the visual and the wikitext editors.  A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|recent controlled trial]] showed no significant difference in survival or productivity for new users in the short term.  New users with access to VisualEditor were very slightly less likely to produce results that needed reverting.  You can learn more about this by watching a video of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2015|July 2015 Wikimedia Research Showcase]].  The proportion of new accounts with access to both editing environments will be gradually increased over time. Eventually all new users have the choice  between the two editing environments.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]].  This feedback page is now using [[mw:Flow|Flow]] instead of LiquidThreads.
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]]  needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|mediawiki.org]] if you can help.  
* If your wiki would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''', you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change.
* Please file requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the styling menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator].   
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Tuesdays at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q1 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. 

If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt; —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:28, 14 Mhawuri 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=12980645 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #4—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/August|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  
You can add quotations marks before and after a title or phrase with a single click.

Select the relevant text.  Find the correct quotations marks in the special character inserter tool (marked as Ω in the toolbar).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 2.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool, selected text, and the special character that will be inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
Click the button.  VisualEditor will add the quotation marks on either side of the text you selected.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 3.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool and the same text after the special character has been inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] have been working on mobile phone support. They have fixed many bugs and improved language support.  They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving language support and functionality on mobile devices.   

=== Wikimania ===
The team attended Wikimania 2015 in Mexico City. There they participated in the Hackathon and met with individuals and groups of users. They also made several presentations about [[c:File:How_we_made_VisualEditor_faster.pdf|VisualEditor]] and the [[:c:File:Wikimania_2015_–_Editing_Department_–_Beyond_Editing.pdf|future of editing]]. 

Following Wikimania, we announced winners for the [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon VisualEditor 2015 Translathon]. Our thanks and congratulations to users ''Halan-tul'', ''Renessaince'', ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ne&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;जनक राज भट्ट&lt;/span&gt; (Janak Bhatta)'', ''Vahe Gharakhanyan'', ''Warrakkk'', and ''Eduardogobi''.

For '''interface messages''' (translated at [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net]), we saw the initiative affecting 42 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 56.5% before the translathon, and 78.2% after ('''+21.7%'''). In particular, Sakha improved from 12.2% to 94.2%; Brazilian Portuguese went from 50.6% to 100%; Taraškievica went from 44.9% to 85.3%; Doteli went from 1.3% to 41.2%. Also, while 1.7% of the messages were outdated across all languages before the translathon, the percentage dropped to 0.8% afterwards (-0.9%).   

For '''documentation messages''' (on mediawiki.org), we saw the initiative affecting 24 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 26.6% before translathon, and 46.9% after ('''+20.3%''').  There were particularly notable achievements for three languages. Armenian improved from 1% to 99%; Swedish, from 21% to 99%, and Brazilian Portuguese, from 34% to 83%. Outdated translations across all languages were reduced from 8.4% before translathon to 4.8% afterwards (-3.6%).   

[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon#Graphs_(interface_messages_only) We published some graphs] showing the effect of the event on the Translathon page. We thank the translators for participating and the translatewiki.net staff for facilitating this initiative.   

=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features for citations''' can be enabled on each Wikipedia.  The tool uses the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]''' to convert a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] into a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. You can see an animated GIF of the quick, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/GIFs#Auto-citing_a_source|simple process at mediawiki.org]].  So far, about a dozen Wikipedias have enabled the auto-citation tool.  To enable it for your wiki, follow the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|instructions at mediawiki.org]].

Your wiki can customize the first section of the '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor. Please follow the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special_characters|instructions at mediawiki.org]] to put the characters you want at the top. 
In other changes, if you need to fill in a [[:mw:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]] and get it wrong, then you can click to get a new one to complete.  VisualEditor can now display and edit [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Graph|Vega-based graphs]]. If you use the Monobook skin, VisualEditor's appearance is now more consistent with other software.     

=== Future changes ===
The team will be changing the '''appearance of selected links''' inside VisualEditor. The purpose is to make it easy to see whether your cursor is inside or outside the link.  When you select a link, the link label (the words shown on the page) will be enclosed in a faint box.  If you place your cursor inside the box, then your changes to the link label will be part of the link.  If you place your cursor outside the box, then it will not.  This will make it easy to know when new characters will be added to the link and when they will not.

On the English Wikipedia, 10% of newly created accounts are now offered both the visual and the wikitext editors.  A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|recent controlled trial]] showed no significant difference in survival or productivity for new users in the short term.  New users with access to VisualEditor were very slightly less likely to produce results that needed reverting.  You can learn more about this by watching a video of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2015|July 2015 Wikimedia Research Showcase]].  The proportion of new accounts with access to both editing environments will be gradually increased over time. Eventually all new users have the choice  between the two editing environments.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]].  This feedback page is now using [[mw:Flow|Flow]] instead of LiquidThreads.
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]]  needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|mediawiki.org]] if you can help.  
* If your wiki would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''', you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change.
* Please file requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the styling menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator].   
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Tuesdays at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q1 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. 

If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt; —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 02:40, 15 Mhawuri 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=12980645 --&gt;

== How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better? ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Hello,

The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project.  Ways to participate:

*Respond to questions on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]].
*Join a [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]].   
*Learn more about [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]].
Feedback is welcome in any language.

With thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation.

([[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt; 00:13, 19 Mhawuri 2015 (UTC)

== Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site ==

Hi all,

We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission.

Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/

Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog].

Thanks,

[[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) 18:13, 2 Ndzhati 2015 (UTC)

''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])''
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== Open call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Greetings!  The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.  Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.

*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

Thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 20:52, 4 Ndzhati 2015 (UTC)

([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&amp;oldid=13476366 --&gt;

== Open call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Greetings!  The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.  Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.

*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

Thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 21:57, 4 Ndzhati 2015 (UTC)

([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete 
* '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access &quot;clipping&quot; feature (1000 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development   (50 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' -  one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) 
* '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]'''  - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including  expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

:''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! ==

(Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.)

'''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline.  If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] 21:01, 22 Ndzhati 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&amp;oldid=13754911 --&gt;

== Reimagining WMF grants report ==

''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)''

Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated!  '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes|
A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available.

Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]].

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 16:56, 28 Ndzhati 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #5—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/October|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

You can use the visual editor on smartphones and tablets.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:Switching edit modes to VisualEditor on Mobile web.png|alt=Screenshot showing the menu for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]&lt;br&gt;
Click the pencil icon to open the editor for a page.  Inside that, use the gear menu in the upper right corner to &quot;{{int:mobile-frontend-editor-switch-visual-editor}}&quot;.

The editing button will remember which editing environment you used last time, and give you the same one next time.  The desktop site will be switching to a system similar to this one in the coming months.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs, added new features, and made some small design changes.  They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages like Japanese and Arabic, making it easier to edit on mobile devices, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading.   
=== Recent improvements ===
'''Educational features:''' The first time ever you use the visual editor, it now draws your attention to the {{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-link-tooltip}} and {{Int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}} tools.  When you click on the tools, it explains why you should use them. ([[Phab:T108620|T108620]]) Alongside this, the welcome message for new users has been simplified to make editing more welcoming. ([[Phab:T112354|T112354]])  More in-software educational features are planned.  

'''Links:'''  It is now easier to understand when you are adding text to a link and when you are typing plain text next to it. ([[Phab:T74108|T74108]], [[Phab:T91285|T91285]])  The editor now fully supports ISBN, PMID or RFC numbers. ([[Phab:T109498|T109498]], [[Phab:T110347|T110347]], [[Phab:T63558|T63558]])  These  [[:en:Help:Magic_links|&quot;magic links&quot;]] use a custom link editing tool.  

'''Uploads:'''  Registered editors can now '''upload images''' and other media to Commons while editing.  Click the new tab in the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}} {{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-media-tooltip}}&quot; tool.  You will be guided through the process without having to leave your edit.  At the end, the image will be inserted. This tool is limited to one file at a time, owned by the user, and licensed under Commons's standard license.  For more complex situations, the tool links to more advanced upload tools.  You can also drag the image into the editor.  This will be available in the wikitext editor later. 

'''Mobile:'''  Previously, the visual editor was available on the mobile Wikipedia site only on tablets. Now, editors can use it on all devices regardless of size if they wish. ([[Phab:T85630|T85630]])  Edit conflicts were previously broken on the mobile website. Edit conflicts can now be resolved in both wikitext and visual editors. ([[Phab:T111894|T111894]])  Sometimes templates and similar items could not be deleted on the mobile website.  Selecting them caused the on-screen keyboard to hide with some browsers.  Now there is a new &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-contextitemwidget-label-remove}}&quot; button, so that these things can be removed if the keyboard hides. ([[Phab:T62110|T62110]]) You can also edit table cells in mobile now.

'''Rich editing tools:'''  You can now add and edit '''sheet''' '''music''' in the visual editor. ([[Phab:T112925|T112925]])  There are separate tabs for advanced options, such as MIDI and Ogg audio files. ([[Phab:T114227|T114227]], [[Phab:T113354|T113354]])  When editing '''formulæ''' and other blocks, errors are shown as you edit.  It is also possible to edit some types of '''graphs'''; adding new ones, and support for new types, will be coming. 

On the '''English Wikipedia''', the visual editor is now automatically available to anyone who creates an account.  The preference switch was moved to the normal location, under [[Special:Preferences]].
=== Future changes ===
You will soon be able to '''switch from the wikitext to the visual editor''' after you start editing. ([[phab:T49779|T49779]]) Previously, you could only switch from the visual editor to the wikitext editor.  Bi-directional switching will make possible a '''single edit tab.''' ([[phab:T102398|T102398]]) This project will combine the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab, similar to the system already used on the mobile website.  The &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]].  This feedback page uses [[mw:Flow|Flow]] for discussions.
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]).  
* Local admins can [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]].  If you need help, then please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki.
* The weekly task triage meetings are open to volunteers.  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. 

If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 18:18, 30 Nhlangula 2015 (UTC)
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== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting in English. Translations are very welcome.

The [[:m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is focused on building improved curation and moderation tools for experienced Wikimedia contributors. We're now starting a '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]''' to find the most useful projects that we can work on.

For phase 1 of the survey, we're inviting all active contributors to submit brief proposals, explaining the project that you'd like us to work on, and why it's important. Phase 1 will last for 2 weeks. In phase 2, we'll ask you to vote on the proposals. Afterwards, we'll analyze the top 10 proposals and create a prioritized wishlist.

While most of this process will be conducted in English, we're inviting people from any Wikimedia wiki to submit proposals. We'll also invite volunteer translators to help translate proposals into English. 

Your proposal should include: the problem that you want to solve, who would benefit, and a proposed solution, if you have one. You can submit your proposal on the Community Wishlist Survey page, using the entry field and the big blue button. We will be accepting proposals for 2 weeks, ending on November 23.
 
We're looking forward to hearing your ideas!

&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech Team via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:57, 9 Hukuri 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikimania 2016 scholarships ambassadors needed ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! [[wm2016:|Wikimania 2016]] scholarships will soon be open; by the end of the week we'll form the committee and we need your help, see [[wm2016:Special:MyLanguage/Scholarship committee|Scholarship committee]] for details.

If you want to carefully review nearly a thousand applications in January, you might be a perfect committee member. Otherwise, you can '''volunteer as &quot;ambassador&quot;''': you will observe all the committee activities, ensure that people from your language or project manage to apply for a scholarship, translate '''scholarship applications written in your language''' to English and so on. Ambassadors are allowed to ask for a scholarship, unlike committee members.

[[wm2016:Scholarship committee|Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam]] 10:48, 10 Hukuri 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Harassment consultation ==

{{int:Please-translate}}

The Community Advocacy team the Wikimedia Foundation has opened a consultation on the topic of '''harassment''' on [[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Meta]]. The consultation period is intended to run for one month from today, November 16, and end on December 17. Please share your thoughts there on harassment-related issues facing our communities and potential solutions. (Note: this consultation is not intended to evaluate specific cases of harassment, but rather to discuss the problem of harassment itself.)
::*[[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Harassment consultation 2015]]  
:Regards, [[m:Community Advocacy|Community Advocacy, Wikimedia Foundation]]
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] ==

''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.''

Hi everyone,

This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki.

As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators.

We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community.

Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible.

(Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.)

Thank you for your participation!

''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]]
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== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome.

We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted.

Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Support}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14.

The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think!

Community Tech via
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:38, 1 N'wendzamhala 2015 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts
* [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish)
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

:''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.''

[[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]]

As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday!

People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts.

Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas:

* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message!

Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed.

If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]].

Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!&lt;br /&gt;
-The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], 20:58, 18 N'wendzamhala 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]]
&lt;/div&gt;
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== VisualEditor News #6—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=The visual editor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

A new, simpler system for editing will offer a single Edit button.  Once the page has opened, you can switch back and forth between visual and wikitext editing.      

[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab preference dialog.png|alt=Screenshot showing a pop-up dialog for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]&lt;br&gt;

If you prefer having separate edit buttons, then you can set that option in your preferences, either in a pop-up dialog the next time you open the visual editor, or by going to [[Special:Preferences]] and choosing the setting that you want: &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab in preferences 2015-12-18.png|alt=Screenshot showing a drop-down menu in Special:Preferences|centre|frameless|230x230px]]

The current plan is for the default setting to have the Edit button open the editing environment you used most recently. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/December|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|visual editor team]] has fixed many bugs and expanded the mathematics formula tool.  Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages such as Japanese and Arabic, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading.   

=== Recent improvements ===
You can '''switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor''' after you start editing.    
The '''LaTeX mathematics formula editor''' has been significantly expanded. ([[phab:T118616|T118616)]] You can see the formula as you change the LaTeX code.  You can click buttons to insert the correct LaTeX code for many symbols.  
=== Future changes ===
The '''single edit tab''' project will combine the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab, like the system already used on the mobile website.  ([[phab:T102398|T102398]], [[phab:T58337|T58337]])  Initially, the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time.  Your last editing choice will be stored as a cookie for logged-out users and as an account preference for logged-in editors.  Logged-in editors will be able to set a default editor in the {{int:prefs-editing}} tab of [[Special:Preferences]] in the drop-down menu about &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}&quot;.   

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the following Wikipedias in early 2016:  [[w:am:|Amharic]], [[w:bug:|Buginese]], [[w:cdo:|Min Dong]], [[w:cr:|Cree]], [[w:gv:|Manx]], [[w:hak:|Hakka]], [[w:hy:|Armenian]], [[w:ka:|Georgian]], [[w:pnt:|Pontic]], [[w:sh:|Serbo-Croatian]], [[w:ti:|Tigrinya]], [[w:xmf:|Mingrelian]], [[w:za:|Zhuang]], and [[w:zh-min-nan:|Min Nan]]. ([[phab:T116523|T116523]]) Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]].  The developers would like to know how well it works.  Please tell them what kind of computer, web browser, and keyboard you are using.  

In 2016, the '''feedback pages''' for the visual editor on many Wikipedias will be redirected to mediawiki.org. ([[phab:T92661|T92661]])

=== Testing opportunities ===
* Please try the new system for the '''single edit tab''' on [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org].  You can edit while logged out to see how it works for logged-out editors, or you can create a separate account to be able to set your account's preferences.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share your thoughts about the single edit tab system at [[mediawikiwiki:Topic:Suspcq0bf5nd3gsd|the feedback topic on mediawiki.org]] or [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for formal user research]&lt;/mark&gt; (type &quot;single edit tab&quot; in the question about other areas you're interested in).  The new system has not been finalized, and your feedback can affect the outcome.  The team particularly wants your thoughts about the options in Special:Preferences. The current choices in Special:Preferences are:
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}},
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}, 
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}, and 
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}.  (This is the current state for people already using the visual editor.  None of these options will be visible if you have disabled the visual editor in your preferences at that wiki.)  
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]).  
If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 00:06, 25 N'wendzamhala 2015 (UTC)
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== VisualEditor News #6—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=The visual editor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

A new, simpler system for editing will offer a single Edit button.  Once the page has opened, you can switch back and forth between visual and wikitext editing.      

[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab preference dialog.png|alt=Screenshot showing a pop-up dialog for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]&lt;br&gt;

If you prefer having separate edit buttons, then you can set that option in your preferences, either in a pop-up dialog the next time you open the visual editor, or by going to [[Special:Preferences]] and choosing the setting that you want: &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab in preferences 2015-12-18.png|alt=Screenshot showing a drop-down menu in Special:Preferences|centre|frameless|230x230px]]

The current plan is for the default setting to have the Edit button open the editing environment you used most recently. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/December|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|visual editor team]] has fixed many bugs and expanded the mathematics formula tool.  Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages such as Japanese and Arabic, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading.   

=== Recent improvements ===
You can '''switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor''' after you start editing.    
The '''LaTeX mathematics formula editor''' has been significantly expanded. ([[phab:T118616|T118616)]] You can see the formula as you change the LaTeX code.  You can click buttons to insert the correct LaTeX code for many symbols.  
=== Future changes ===
The '''single edit tab''' project will combine the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab, like the system already used on the mobile website.  ([[phab:T102398|T102398]], [[phab:T58337|T58337]])  Initially, the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time.  Your last editing choice will be stored as a cookie for logged-out users and as an account preference for logged-in editors.  Logged-in editors will be able to set a default editor in the {{int:prefs-editing}} tab of [[Special:Preferences]] in the drop-down menu about &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}&quot;.   

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the following Wikipedias in early 2016:  [[w:am:|Amharic]], [[w:bug:|Buginese]], [[w:cdo:|Min Dong]], [[w:cr:|Cree]], [[w:gv:|Manx]], [[w:hak:|Hakka]], [[w:hy:|Armenian]], [[w:ka:|Georgian]], [[w:pnt:|Pontic]], [[w:sh:|Serbo-Croatian]], [[w:ti:|Tigrinya]], [[w:xmf:|Mingrelian]], [[w:za:|Zhuang]], and [[w:zh-min-nan:|Min Nan]]. ([[phab:T116523|T116523]]) Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]].  The developers would like to know how well it works.  Please tell them what kind of computer, web browser, and keyboard you are using.  

In 2016, the '''feedback pages''' for the visual editor on many Wikipedias will be redirected to mediawiki.org. ([[phab:T92661|T92661]])

=== Testing opportunities ===
* Please try the new system for the '''single edit tab''' on [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org].  You can edit while logged out to see how it works for logged-out editors, or you can create a separate account to be able to set your account's preferences.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share your thoughts about the single edit tab system at [[mediawikiwiki:Topic:Suspcq0bf5nd3gsd|the feedback topic on mediawiki.org]] or [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for formal user research]&lt;/mark&gt; (type &quot;single edit tab&quot; in the question about other areas you're interested in).  The new system has not been finalized, and your feedback can affect the outcome.  The team particularly wants your thoughts about the options in Special:Preferences. The current choices in Special:Preferences are:
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}},
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}, 
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}, and 
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}.  (This is the current state for people already using the visual editor.  None of these options will be visible if you have disabled the visual editor in your preferences at that wiki.)  
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]).  
If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 01:06, 25 N'wendzamhala 2015 (UTC)
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== Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th.  To apply, visit the page below:
:*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships]
[[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:49, 5 Sunguti 2016 (UTC)
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== 2016 WMF Strategy consultation ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
Hello, all.

The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.)

Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]].

Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :)

If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org.

I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:07, 18 Sunguti 2016 (UTC)
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== Tsonga is missing ==

{{en}} Tsonga is missing from this page:&lt;br /&gt;
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/There_is_also_a_Wikipedia_in_your_language&lt;br /&gt;
More than 100 languages are now listed.&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you, [[User:Varlaam|Varlaam]] ([[User talk:Varlaam|talk]]) 03:26, 2 Nyenyenyani 2016 (UTC)
: {{Done}} -- [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 07:27, 8 Nyenyankulu 2016 (UTC)

== Completion suggestor ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
== Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March==

Hello!

{{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos.

Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language.

To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about  [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.&lt;/div&gt; - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 23:09, 7 Nyenyankulu 2016 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}''

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. 

'''Non-English'''
*'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts.
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts.

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts.
*'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts.
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 20:30, 17 Nyenyankulu 2016 (UTC)


:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

[[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]]
{{int:Please-translate}}:

Greetings!  The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.
Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:47, 31 Nyenyankulu 2016 (UTC)
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== Server switch 2016 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas.
This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.
To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems.

They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.&lt;br/&gt;
On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.
We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT).

If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.
We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.
If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.
Then you should be able to save your edit.
But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.
Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.
If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.
Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April.
No non-essential code deployments will take place.

This test was originally planned to take place on March 22.
April 19th and 21st are the new dates. 
You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].
They will post any changes on that schedule.
There will be more notifications about this.
'''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 17 Dzivamusoko 2016 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia to the Moon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]].

This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:35, 21 Dzivamusoko 2016 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun ==

Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:31, 10 Khotavuxika 2016 (UTC)
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== Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]]

[[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]].

From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. Using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -&gt; Appearance -&gt; Languages''

The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]] or on this discussion thread. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English).

Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 07:04, 24 Khotavuxika 2016 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content!

Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 14:10, 1 Mawuwani 2016 (UTC)
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== Editing News #2—2016 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/June|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

It's quick and easy to insert a references list.
[[File:VisualEditor References List Insert Menu-en.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with many items|center|frameless|150px]]  

Place the cursor where you want to display the references list (usually at the bottom of the page).  Open the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}&quot; menu and click the &quot;{{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}&quot; icon (three books).

If you are using several groups of references, which is relatively rare, you will have the opportunity to specify the group. If you do that, then only the references that belong to the specified group will be displayed in this list of references.
Finally, click &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialog-action-insert}}&quot; in the dialog to insert the {{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}.  This list will change as you add more footnotes to the page.

You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for Arabic and Indic scripts, and adapting the visual editor to the needs of the Wikivoyages and Wikisources.   

=== Recent changes ===
The visual editor is now available to all users at most [[Wikivoyage:|Wikivoyages]].  It was also enabled for all contributors at the French Wikinews.

The '''[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' feature combines the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab.  It has been deployed to several Wikipedias, including Hungarian, Polish, English and Japanese Wikipedias, as well as to all Wikivoyages.  At these wikis, you can change your settings for this feature in the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab of [[Special:Preferences]]. The team is now reviewing the feedback and considering ways to improve the design before rolling it out to more people.

=== Future changes ===
The &quot;{{int:Savearticle}}&quot; button will say &quot;{{int:Publishpage}}&quot;.   This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems.  More [[M:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]].

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|&quot;Phase 6&quot; Wikipedias]] during the next few months. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including: [[:w:ar: |'''Arabic''']], [[:w:hi: |'''Hindi''']], [[:w:th: |'''Thai''']], [[:w:ta: |'''Tamil''']], [[:w:mr: |'''Marathi''']], [[:w:ml: |'''Malayalam''']], [[:w:ur: |'''Urdu''']], [[:w:fa: |'''Persian''']], [[:w:bn: |'''Bengali''']], [[:w:as: |'''Assamese''']], [[:w:arc: |'''Aramaic''']] and others.

The team is working with the volunteer developers who power Wikisource to provide the visual editor there, for opt-in testing right now and eventually for all users. ([[phab:T138966|T138966]]) 

The team is working on a modern wikitext editor.  It will look like the visual editor, and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools.  This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices around September 2016.  You can read about this project in a [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. 

=== Let's work together ===
* Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates?  &lt;mark&gt;Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor?  Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].&lt;/mark&gt;
* Learn how to improve the &quot;automagical&quot; [[:mw:citoid|citoid]] referencing system in the visual editor, by creating [[w:en:Zotero|Zotero]] translators for popular sources in your language!  Watch the [[Mw:Citoid/Zotero's Tech Talk|Tech Talk by Sebastian Karcher]] for more information.
 
If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]], 17:20, 3 Mawuwani 2016 (UTC)
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== Open call for Project Grants ==

[[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]]
{{int:Please-translate}}:

:Greetings!  The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.
:Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.
:*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab
:*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session
:*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]]
:Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]]  

:With thanks,  [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:25, 5 Mawuwani 2016 (UTC)
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== Save/Publish ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”]. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you create a new page. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033]

This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens.

If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”].

The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem.

Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. 

Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” and “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”.

Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested.
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 18:03, 9 Mhawuri 2016 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &amp;ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &amp;ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &amp;ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &amp;ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &amp;ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:38, 30 Mhawuri 2016 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! &lt;/div&gt; [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 15:08, 12 Ndzhati 2016 (UTC)
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== Grants to improve your project ==

''{{int:Please-translate}}:''

Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit  before the October 11 deadline.  If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]]
*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]]
[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) 20:10, 30 Ndzhati 2016 (UTC)
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== Creative Commons 4.0 ==

Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]].

''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) 01:34, 6 Nhlangula 2016 (UTC)
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== Editing News #3—2016 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can easily re-arrange columns and rows in the visual editor? [[File:VisualEditor table editing menu.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with options for editing the table structure|center|frameless|232x232px]]  


Select a cell in the column or row that you want to move.  Click the arrow at the start of that row or column to open the dropdown menu (shown).  Choose either &quot;Move before&quot; or &quot;Move after&quot; to move the column, or &quot;Move above&quot; or &quot;Move below&quot; to move the row.

You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has mainly worked on a new wikitext editor.  They have also released some small features and the new map editing tool.  Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the list of work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, releasing the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[mediawikiwiki:Beta_Features|beta feature]], and improving language support.

=== Recent changes ===

*You can now set text as small or big.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T53613] 
*Invisible templates have been shown as a puzzle icon.  Now, the name of the invisible template is displayed next to the puzzle icon.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T141861]  A similar feature will display the first part of hidden HTML comments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147089]
*Categories are displayed at the bottom of each page.  If you click on the categories, the dialog for editing categories will open.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145267]
*At many wikis, you can now add [[mediawikiwiki:Maps|maps]] to pages.  Go to the Insert menu and choose the &quot;Maps&quot; item. The Discovery department is adding more features to this area, like geoshapes. You can read more at mediawiki.org.[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Discovery#Maps]
*The &quot;Save&quot; button now says &quot;Save page&quot; when you create a page, and &quot;Save changes&quot; when you change an existing page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033]  In the future, the &quot;{{int:Savearticle}}&quot; button will say &quot;{{int:Publishpage}}&quot;.  This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems.  More [[:m:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]].
*Image galleries now use a visual mode for editing.  You can see thumbnails of the images, add new files, remove unwanted images, rearrange the images by dragging and dropping, and add captions for each image.  Use the &quot;Options&quot; tab to set the gallery's display mode, image sizes, and add a title for the gallery.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T45037]

=== Future changes ===

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining 10 [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|&quot;Phase 6&quot; Wikipedias]] during the next month. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor.  Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including [[:w:th:|'''Thai''']], [[:w:my:|'''Burmese''']] and [[:w:arc:|'''Aramaic''']].

The team is working on a modern wikitext editor.  The [[Mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] will look like the visual editor and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools.  This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices in October 2016.  You can read about this project in a [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. 

=== Let's work together ===

* Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates?  &lt;mark&gt;Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor?  Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].&lt;/mark&gt; 
 
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 17:49, 15 Nhlangula 2016 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
*'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy
*'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities
*'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals
*'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals
*'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added
*'''[[:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence &amp; Security Studies collection
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:30, 1 Hukuri 2016 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Password reset ==

''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]''

We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords.

Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue.

In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords.

Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:00, 14 Hukuri 2016 (UTC)
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== Adding to the above section (Password reset) ==

Please accept my apologies - that first line should read &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Help with translations!]&quot;. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:11, 14 Hukuri 2016 (UTC)
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== New way to edit wikitext ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

'''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]].


We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it.

Consequently, we've planned a &quot;wikitext mode&quot; for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext.

All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to &quot;{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}&quot;.

The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do.

This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]].  You may write comments in any language.  Thank you.

&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --19:31, 14 N'wendzamhala 2016 (UTC)
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      <sha1>tqpuhejzhe4f4if4oqvl923vu94sje9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Swiharhi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4727</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29519</id>
      <parentid>29515</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-07-13T09:36:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mintshaho */</comment>
      <origin>29519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4850" sha1="afcj08pjpi7e89ieyj465i4d0m1ku5v" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Animal diversity.png|thumb|right|Xifaniso xa swiharhi]]

'''Swiharhi''' i swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka, naswona leswi kotaka ku famba-famba haswoxe kuya hi vukulu bya swona. Miri wa xiharhi wa cinca-cinca kuya hi makulele ya xona na xivumbeko xa xona xa ntumbuluko. Swiharhi swin'wana na swin'wana swi hanya hi kudya swi vumbiwa swi'wana kufana na swiharhi swin'wana kumbe swimilana.

Swiharhi swi hlawulekisiwa hi Marhambu ya swona, kumbe ku pfumala marhambu. Swiharhi leswi ngana marhambu kumbe nhlana, swi hlanganisa, [[Tinhlampfi]], [[Machela]], [[Swikokovi]], [[Swinyenyana]], na [[Swiharhi leswi mamisaka]]. Kasi swiharhi leswi pfumalaka nhlana kumbe marhambu swi hlanganisa, [[Tihumba]]; [[Makhongoloti]] na [[Swivungwana]].

== Swihlawulekisi ==
Swiharhi swina swihlawulekisi leswi swi hambanisaka eka swivumbiwa swin'wana swa swivumbiwa. Swiharhi swina swivumbi leswi kotaka ku andzisa nhlayo ya swona,&lt;ref name=&quot;NationalZoo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/GiantPandas/PandasForKids/classification/classification.htm|title=Panda Classroom|accessdate=30 September 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929094936/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/GiantPandas/PandasForKids/classification/classification.htm|archivedate=29 September 2007|deadurl=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; leswi endlaka swi hambana na tibhaktheriya. Swiharhi swithlela swi kota kudya swivumbiwa swin'wana leswkau swi kuma matimba yo kula,&lt;ref name=&quot;Windows&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bergman|first=Jennifer|title=Heterotrophs|url=http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html&amp;edu=high|accessdate=30 September 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829051950/http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link%3D/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html%26edu%3Dhigh|archivedate=29 August 2007|deadurl=no|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona leswi swi hambanisa swiharhi eka swimilana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Douglas|first1=Angela E.|last2=Raven|first2=John A.|title=Genomes at the interface between bacteria and organelles|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B|volume=358|issue=1429|pages=5–17; discussion 517–8|date=January 2003|pmid=12594915|pmc=1693093|doi=10.1098/rstb.2002.1188}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swiharhi hinkwaswo swi kota ku famba-famba,&lt;ref name=&quot;Concepts&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://employees.csbsju.edu/SSAUPE/biol116/Zoology/digestion.htm|last=Saupe|first=S. G.|title=Concepts of Biology|accessdate=30 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; hambiloko swifanela ku kula kusungula, ku kondza loko swi kota ku famba. 

== Tinxaka ta swiharhi ==
Kuna mixaka yimbirhi ya swiharhi: Swihanrhi leswingana marhambu, na leswinga hava marhambu''. Vona nxaxamela lowu landzelaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN1014&quot;&gt;The World Conservation Union. 2014. &lt;/ref&gt;''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 70px;&quot;
!Ntlawa
!Xifaniso
!Ntlawa-Ntsongo
! Ntsengo wa&lt;br&gt;
minxaka
|-
! rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Swiharhi swa Marhambu&lt;br&gt;
| [[File:Carassius_wild_golden_fish_2013_G1.jpg|alt=large goldfish facing right|140x140px]] 
| Tinhlampfi
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,900
|-
| [[File:Lithobates_pipiens.jpg|alt=green spotted frog facing right|140x140px]] 
| Machela
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,302
|-
| [[File:Florida_Box_Turtle_Digon3.jpg|alt=florida box turtle facing right|140x140px]] 
| Swikokovi
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,038
|-
| [[File:Secretary_bird_(Sagittarius_serpentarius)_2.jpg|alt=Secretary bird gliding to the right|140x140px]] 
| Swinyenyani
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,425
|-
| [[File:Squirrel_(PSF).png|alt=drawing of squirrel facing right on branch|140x140px]] 
| Swiharhi leswi mamisaka&lt;br&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,513
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; background: rgb(221, 248, 248) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;&quot; | Ntsengo wa Swiharhi leswi ngana marhambu: '''66,178'''
|-
! rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Swiharhi leswi pfumalaka marhambu&lt;br&gt;
| [[File:European_wasp_white_bg02.jpg|alt=wasp facing right|140x140px]] 
| Insects
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,000,000
|-
| [[File:Grapevinesnail_01.jpg|alt=snail in shell facing right|140x140px]] 
| Tihumba
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85,000
|-
| [[File:J_J_Wild_Pseudocarcinus_cropped.jpg|alt=Tasmanian giant crab facing up with large left claw|140x140px]]
| Mahanti
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,000
|-
| [[File:FFS_Table_bottom.jpg|alt=Table coral at French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands|140x140px]] 
| Byanyi bya Lwandle&lt;br&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,000
|-
| [[File:Spider.svg|alt=black spider|140x140px]]
| Swipame
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102,248
|-
| [[File:Aysheaia.jpg|alt=drawing of Cambrian-aged soft-bodied, caterpillar|140x140px]] 
| Swivumgwana
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 165
|-
|
| Swin'wana
| align=right | 68,658
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; background: rgb(221, 248, 248) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;&quot; | Ntsengo wa Swiharhi leswi pfumalaka marhambu: '''1,305,075'''
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Nsengo wa Swiharhi: '''1,371,253'''
|}
== Mintshaho ==
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      <comment>Replacing EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg with [[File:E._coli_Bacteria_(7316101966).jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:c::File:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg|]]).</comment>
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| Ntivo-Vutomi itidyondzo ta swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka
|}
'''Ntivo-Vutomi''' i tidyondzo ta [[vutomi]] bya swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka, kuhlanganisa na vuvumbeki, ntirho na makulele ya swona.&lt;ref name=&quot;aquarenagloss&quot;&gt;Based on definition from: {{cite web|url=http://www.bio.txstate.edu/~wetlands/Glossary/glossary.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040608113114/http://www.bio.txstate.edu/~wetlands/Glossary/glossary.html|archivedate=2004-06-08|title=Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms|author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;|publisher=Texas State University at San Marcos}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ku angarhela, ntivo-vutomi byi hlanganisa Swivumbiwa-Vutomi, Swihlawulekisi-Vutomi na kutekelela kuhlanganisa na ku tswala [[swivumbiwa]] swin'wana. Kupfumeriwa leswaku swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka, swi tihanyisa hi dya leswaku swi kuma matimba, na ku tolovela [[mbangu]] lowu swihanyaka eka wona.

== Mintshaho ==
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      <comment>nga lavekiki</comment>
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      <text bytes="1167" sha1="q837embkzh0596i7w9rjozu65hw90wc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Hopetoun falls.jpg|thumb|Mphophoma wa le Australiya]]
'''Ntumbuluko''', wuhlanganisa swilo hinkwaswo leswi voniwaka na leswi nga voniwiki, kuhlanganisa na Vutomi hiku angarhela. Tidyondzo ta ntumbuluko i xiyenge lexikulu xa [[Sayensi]]. Hambi leswi vanhu vanga xiyenge xa ntumbuluko, tidyondzo ta mahanyele ya vanhu tahambanisiwa eka dyondzo ya ntumbuluko.

Rito ntumbuluko rifambelana na ku velekiwa kumbe ku vumbiwa ka swilo,&lt;ref name=&quot;etymonline-nature&quot;&gt;OEtymD|nature|accessdate=2006-09-23&lt;/ref&gt; ''Naswona twisiseka ku hlamusela swimilana, swiharhi na swivumbiwa swin'wana-naswin'wana''.&lt;ref&gt;A useful though somewhat erratically presented account of the pre-Socratic use of the concept of φύσις may be found in Naddaf, Gerard ''The Greek Concept of Nature'', SUNY Press, 2006. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The first known use of ''physis'' was by [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer Homer] in reference to the intrinsic qualities of a plant: ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας πόρε φάρμακον ἀργεϊφόντης ἐκ γαίης ἐρύσας, καί μοι '''φύσιν''' αὐτοῦ ἔδειξε. &lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
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'''Matimu yo sungula''' mahlanganisa nkarhi wa migingiriko ya [[vanhu]] exikarhi ka loko vasungule kutirhisa switirhisiwa swa maribye ~ kwalomu ka 3.3 wa timiliyoni ta malembe laya hundzeke, kufikela loko vanhu va tsumbula ndlela yo tsala marito, leswi endlekeke kwalomu ka ~5300 wa malembe lama hundzeke.

Sumertiya e Mesopotamiya, Ribuwa ra Nhluvuko wa Indus na Gibita wa khale hiyona [[nhluvuko|minhluvuko ya vanhu]] yo sungula ku tsala, no hlayisa [[matimu]]. 

Kusungula ka switsariwa ku hambanile kuya hi [[ndzhavuko|mindzhavuko]], naswona swi rhangeriwa hi kuvutla hi tinyimpi, naswona matimu ya munhluvuko leyi nga kotiki kutsala, makumeka eka va akelani lava avakota kutsala. Kuya hi hlamusela, matimu yosungula mayelana na kupfumaleka ka vuswikoti byo tsala, hikwalaho matimu lawa ya kumeka hi ku lavisisa masungula ya swingolongotswana leswi seleteriweke, hambileswi vulavisisi lebyi abyi nga si tiviwa kufikela eka malembe-xidzana ya vu Khume-nkaye.&lt;ref&gt;Graslund, Bo. 1987. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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  <page>
    <title>Sayensi ya mahanyele</title>
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'''Sayensi ya mahanyele''' i xiyenge lexi kulu xa tidyondzo talehenhla, leti yelanaka na [[nhlangano wa vanhu]] na vuxaka exikarhi ka vanhu. Tidyondzo ta Sayensi ya mahanyele tihlanganisa, Tidyondzo ta ikhonomi, Ntivo-mbangu, vuhandzi, Nawu na tindzimi. 

== Matimu ==
Matimu ya tidyondzo ta Sayensi ya mahanyele masungula endzaku ka malembe ya 1650, laha kuveke na ku cinca lokukulu eka vutivi bya Sayensi. Sayensi ya mahanyele yi rhumbuke kusuka eka Filosofi ya kupfukela mfumo ka minkarhi yeleyo. Sayensi ya mahanyeleo yi sukela eka Sayensi hixitalo, leyi hlanganisaka vutivi lebyi hleriweke hikuya hi nhluvuko na mahanyele ya vanhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;SocialColumbian1897&quot;&gt;Social sciences, ''Columbian Cyclopedia''. (1897). Buffalo: Garretson, Cox &amp; Company. Page 227.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peck1897&quot;&gt;Peck, H. T., Peabody, S. H., and Richardson, C. F. (1897). ''The International Cyclopedia, A Compendium of Human Knowledge''. Rev. with large additions. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Vutshunguri</title>
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'''Vutshunguri''' i vutivi byo hlahluva, ku horisa na ku sivela [[mavabyi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Medicine, n.1|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/115715?result=1&amp;rskey=YZWqVc&amp;|encyclopedia=OED Online|date=September 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=8 Nov 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Medicine|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/medicine?q=medicine|encyclopedia=[[Oxford Dictionaries Online]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=8 Nov 2014|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818030846/https://languages.oup.com/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rito vutshunguri rithlela ri hlamusela &quot;N'yanga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Etymology: Medicina, from ''ars medicina'' &quot;the medical art&quot;, from ''medicus'' &quot;physician&quot;. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=medicine &quot;Medicine&quot;] ''Online Etymology Dictionary''&lt;/ref&gt; Vutshunguri byi angarhela tinxaka ta migingiriko yo kondlotela rihanyo leri nene. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/medicine|title=Dictionary, medicine|accessdate=2 Dec 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vutshunguri i mukhuva wa khale ngopfu wa vanhu, naswona a byi hlanganisiwa na vukhongeri na mindzavuko ya vanhu kuya hindzhawu. Hixikombiso, n'yanga a yi bohela mintsembyana eka muvabyi ivi yikhongela leswaku a hola. Eka masiku ya manguva lawa na ku humelela ka [[Sayensi]], vutshunguri byo tala by hlanganisa [[Vutshila]] na Sayensi.

Vutshunguri bya khale byi tala ku vuriwa Vungoma kumbe Vutshunguri bya xintu. Hambiswiritano, vutshunguri lebyi bya horisa loko byi endliwa hi n'yanga leyi ngana ntokoto.&lt;ref name=&quot;nciacupuncture&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Acupuncture (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/acupuncture/healthprofessional/page6|publisher=[[National Cancer Institute]]|accessdate=15 Sep 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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  <page>
    <title>Rihanyo</title>
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      <text bytes="3228" sha1="hd0iyu6j2iwqdndc5yiulrmbztud5uw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Borch_Lady_washing_hands.jpg|thumb|204x204px|Wansati a hlantswa mavoko. lembe ra 1655]]

'''Rihanyo''' i xikombiso xa leswaku swi yenge swa miri wa xivumbiwa switirha hi ndlela leyi faneleke. Eka [[vanhu]], i vuswikoti byo tikongomisa loko valangutane na swi yimo leswitikaka swa miehleketo kumbe swa [[mbangu]]. [[Nhlangano ya Misava wa tarihanyo]](WHO) yi hlamusela rihanyo eka Vumbiwa ra yona ra 1948, hi ndlela leyi landzelaka  &quot;Xiyimo xa [[miri]], [[miehleketo]] na vuxaka lebyi nene, kungari kupfumaleka ka vuvabyi ntsena.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO definition&quot;&gt;World Health Organization. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO constitution&quot;&gt;World Health Organization. (2006). &lt;/ref&gt; Kuna tihlamuselo tin'wana leti yelanisaka rihanyo na ntsako wa munhu.
&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/sport-disability-and-an-original-definition-of-health Sport, Disability and an Original Definition of Health]. &lt;/ref&gt; 

== Swihlawulekisi ==
Hi ku angarhela, ndlela leyi munhu a hanyaka hayona yi na xandla eka rihanyo rakwe na muxaka wa vutomi. Kupfumeriwa leswaku Rihanyo ri antswisiwa hi kuyamahlweni ka ntivo rihanyo na migingiriko yo hanya vutomi lebyi nene e vanhwini. Hi kuya hi Nhlangano wa misava wa swa tarihanyo, swihlawulekisi swa rihanyo lerinene swi hlanganisa mbangu na rifuwo, naswona swi hlanganisa na matikhomele ya munhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;The determinants of health&quot;&gt;World Health Organization. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Maintaining ==

Ku fikelela na ku hlayisa rihanyo i endlelo leri yaka emahlweni, leri vumbiweke hi vumbirhi bya ku cinca ka vutivi bya rihanyo na maendlelo xikan'we na tindlela ta munhu hi yexe na ku nghenelela loku hlelekeke ku tshama a hanye kahle.

Ndlela ya nkoka yo hlayisa rihanyo ra munhu i ku dya Swakudya leswi nga ni rihanyo lerinene. Swakudya leswi nga ni rihanyo swi katsa swakudya swo hambana-hambana leswi nga ni swimilana ni swiharhi leswi nyikaka miri swakudya. Swakudya swo tano swi nyika miri matimba no wu endla wu tirha. Swakudya swi pfuna ku aka ni ku tiyisa marhambu, misiha na misiha naswona swi lawula maendlelo ya miri (xikombiso, nsusumeto wa ngati). Mati yana nkoka eka ku kula, na ku tswala na rihanyo lerinene. Macronutrients yi dyiwa hi xitalo naswona yi katsa tiphrotheyini, ti-carbohydrates, na mafurha na ti-fatty acids. Micronutrients - tivhithamini na timinerali - ti dyiwa hi hlayo leyitsongo, kambe i ta nkoka eka maendlelo ya miri. Phiramidi ya swakudya i xiletelo xa swakudya leswi ngana rihanyu lerinene leri avanyisiweke hi swiyenge. Xiyenge xin'wana na xin'wana xikombisa swakudya leswi ringanyetiweke eka ntlawa wun'wana na wun'wana wa swakudya (swikombiso, phrotheyini, mafurha, tikhabohaydreti na chukela). Ku hlawula swakudya leswi nga ni rihanyo lerinene swi nga hunguta khombo ra vuvabyi bya mbilu ni khombo ra ku va ni tinxaka tin'wana ta [[Fukuzana|khensa]], naswona swi nga pfuna munhu leswaku a hlayisa ntiko wa yena wu va eka mpimo wa kahle.

Swakudya swa le Mediteraniya hi ntolovelo swi tala ku hlanganisiwa na vuyelo byo antswisa rihanyo. Leswi minkarhi yin'wana swi vangiwa hi ku katsiwa swihlanganisiwa  swa bioactive swo fana na phenolic compounds, isoprenoids na alkaloids.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=1820–26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Mintshaho ==
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Henrika_Šantel_-_Kemičarka.jpg|Henrika_Šantel_-_Kemičarka.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Fitindia|Fitindia]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Paintings by Henrika Šantel|]].</comment>
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      <text bytes="1354" sha1="9tvkgpg4frzn8rpzeci4279c245mbwh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg|right|thumb|Mirhi yo hambana-hambana leyi hlanganisiweke]]
'''Ntivo-Mirhi''' irhavi ra [[Sayensi]] leri lavisisaka ma akele na kuhambana ka swi-aki swa swilo hinkwaswo.&lt;ref name=&quot;definition&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://chemweb.ucc.ie/what_is_chemistry.htm|title=What is Chemistry?|publisher=Chemweb.ucc.ie|accessdate=2011-06-12|archive-date=2018-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003061822/http://chemweb.ucc.ie/what_is_chemistry.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Chemistry Chemistry]. (n.d.&lt;/ref&gt; Ntivo-Mirhi yi hlanganisa na ndzavisiso wa ti [[Athomu]], nandlela leyi ti athomu tikhomanaka hayona ku vumba mirhi yokarhi, na ndlela leyi ti hlanganaka kumbe ku hambana hayona ku nyika xivumbeko xa murhi wokarhi.

Minkarhi yin'wana Ntivo-Mirhi wu vitiwa Sayensi ya le xikarhi, hileswi yi hlanganisaka Sayensi ya ntumbuluko, [[Fiziksi]] na [[Ntivo-vutomi]].&lt;ref&gt;Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene Lemay, Bruce Edward Bursten, H. Lemay. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chemistry occupies an intermediate position in a hierarchy of the sciences by reductive level between physics and biology. &lt;/ref&gt;

Matimu ya Ntivo-Mirhi mathelela e ka nkarhi wa khale loko vanhu varingete ku hundzula tinsimbi tiva nsuku, e tindzhawini to hambana-hambana ta misava.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Category:Vumati</title>
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    <title>Sayensi ya Misava</title>
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      <text bytes="950" sha1="fcyc8tst7gzu2xnzsvlg2irxgse42y4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Volcano q.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Nthsava leyi tivukaka ndzilo wale hansi ka misava.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Academic Press, London, 2000&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'''Sayensi ya misava''' idyondzo ya ndzavisiso wa matshamele na matirhele ya misava.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.memidex.com/earth-science|title=earth science|work=Memidex/WordNet Dictionary|accessdate=2012-06-11|archive-date=2016-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126065122/http://www.memidex.com/earth-science|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Dyondzo leyi yilavisisa matirhele ya swiyenge hikwaswo swa xirhendzevutana xa misava, kusukele ka vuenti bya misava, maribye, milambu, xibhakabhaka na xisirheleri xa misava. Hi ku angarhela Van'wa-vutivi va tirhisa [[Ntivo-mbangu]], [[Tinhlayo]], [[Fiziksi]], [[Ntivo-Mirhi]], [[Ntivo-Vutomi]] na tin'wana tidyondzo tale henhla to twisisa leswi Misava yitirhisaka xiswona.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Sayensi ya misava</title>
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    <title>Nomboro</title>
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      <text bytes="2008" sha1="60ue8cz1079jxvq09qmdw59n0yvsg5y" xml:space="preserve">[[File:NumberSetinC.svg|thumb|Xirhendzevutani xa tinomboro leti rharhanganeke]]
'''Nomboro''' i xiga xa Dyondzo ya [[Tinhlayo]] lexi tirhisiwaka ku hlaya, kupima na ku hlawulekisa ntsengo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=number, n.|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/129082|journal=OED Online|language=en-GB|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=|title=numeral, adj. and n.|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/129111|journal=OED Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=|pages=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ehenhleni ko tirhisiwa ku hlaya, tinomboro ti thlela ti tirhisiwa ku hlawulekisa swilo swo karhi (ku fana na tinomboro ta riqingo), ku chavisa (Khodi ya nhundzu ya vhengele), kumbe ti thlela ti tirhisiwa tani hi mfungo, rito, kumbe nhlamuseleyo ya dyondzo ya tinhlayo.

Eka dyondzo ya tinhlayo, nhlamuselo ya nomboro yindlandlamuxiwile hi ku hundza ka malembe leswaku yi hlanganisa nomboro ya tandza ([[Tandza|0 kumbe Ziro)]], tinomboro leti kayivelaka,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f6HlhlBuQUgC&amp;pg=PA88#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|title=A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity|last=Hodgkin|first=Luke|date=2005-06-02|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=|isbn=9780191523830|location=|pages=85–88|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; tinomboro leti ringanisaka (kufana na  &lt;span class=&quot;sfrac nowrap&quot; style=&quot;display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;visualhide&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and −&lt;span class=&quot;sfrac nowrap&quot; style=&quot;display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;visualhide&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) na tin'wana tinomboro. Ku hlaya tinomboro ku endliwa hi kuhlanganisa, kuhunguta, kuthlandleka, kuavanyisa na swin'wana. 

== Minthsaho ==
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      <text bytes="668" sha1="8chrqzx57zvewuwq0om79pxz4cgt8ux" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tables_generales_aritmetique_MG_2108.jpg|thumb|Buku ya tinhlayo ta Aritimethiki ya vana, Lausanne, 1835]]
'''Tihlayo hi tinomboro '''(Kumbe Aritimethiki leyi sukaka eka rito ra xigriki [[wiktionary:en:ἀριθμός#Ancient_Greek|ἀριθμός]] ''arithmos'', &quot;[[nomboro]]&quot;) i rhavi ra [[Tinhlayo|Tihlayo]] leri letelaka hi ta tinomboro, ngopfungopfu matirhiselo ma tona ku nga ku hlanganisa, ku hunguta, ku tlhandleka na ku avanyisa.&lt;ref&gt;[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Davenport Davenport, Harold], ''The Higher Arithmetic: An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers'' (7th ed.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mitshaho ==
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      <text bytes="1398" sha1="5w4rqlufvo6r04fqzqsyhmul8r1fuxj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Westerner_and_Arab_practicing_geometry_15th_century_manuscript.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Muyuropa na Muarabhi, vatirhisa tidyondzo ta Nhlayo-Vupimi, hi lembe-xidzana ra vu 15.]]

'''Tinhlayo-vupimi''' (Kumbe Jiyometri yi tekiweke eka rito ra Xigriki; ''[[wiktionary:γῆ|geo-]]'' &quot;[[misava]]&quot;, ''[[wiktionary:μέτρον|-metron]]'' &quot;ku pima&quot;) i rhavi ra dyondzo ya [[Tinhlayo]] leyi letelaka hi ta xivumbeko, vukulu, vuakelani, na mpimo wa ndzhawu.

Tidyondzo ta Hlayo-vupimi ti sunguriwe khale loko vanhu valava ku twisisa [[kuleha]], kuanama na vutalo bya swilo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Boyer 1991 loc=Ionia and the Pythagoreans p. 43&quot;&gt;Boyer.(1991) &quot;Ionia and the Pythagoreans&quot; p. 43 -- Harv&lt;/ref&gt; Kwalomu ka malembe-xidzana ya vunharhu, dyondzo leyi ya Nhlayo-vupimi yi tikirhetiwe yithlela yi hleriwa hi Euclid, naswona yi sungula ku tirhisiwa hi dyondzo ya nkoka eka tinhlayo kusukela kwalano.&lt;ref&gt;Martin J. Turner,Jonathan M. Blackledge,Patrick R. Andrews (1998). &lt;/ref&gt; Hlayo-vupimi i dyondzo leyi a yitiviwa kusukela kwalomu ka malembe-xidzana ya vunharhu e tikweni-nkulu ra [[Indiya]], naswona a yitirhisiwa ngopfu eku akeni. Van'wa-vutivi va maIslamu, va yisile emahlweni vutivi bya vagriki eka tidyondzo ta Hlayo-vupimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Thabit. Al-Sabi Thabit ibn Qurra al-Harrani -- MacTutor Biography&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
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      <text bytes="1743" sha1="a5kk9jy3z4tjzgqil1p9uqbrng3aaqf" xml:space="preserve">[[File:algebraic equation notation.svg|thumb|right|Nongonoko wa xivutiso xa Nhlayo-vuringanisi]]

'''Tinhlayo-vuringanisi''' (kumbe Alijebra ley tekiweke eka rito ra Xiarabhu  ''&quot;al-jabr&quot;'' leswingo &quot;Kuhlanganiso swiyenge leswi tshovekeke&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;oed&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=algebra|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/english/algebra|work=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2017-07-14|archive-date=2013-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231173558/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/english/algebra|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;) i rhavi ra tidyondzo ta [[Tinhlayo]]. Hiku angarhela, Nhlayo-vuriganisi i dyondzo ya mimfungo ya tinhlayo na matirhisele ya mimfungo leyi ku kuma nhalmulo wa nomboro;&lt;ref&gt;I. N. Herstein, ''Topics in Algebra'', &quot;An algebraic system can be described as a set of objects together with some operations for combining them.&quot; p. 1, Ginn and Company, 1964&lt;/ref&gt; hiyona dyondzo leyi hlanganisaka tidyondzo hinkwato ta [[Tinhlayo]].&lt;ref&gt;I. N. Herstein, ''Topics in Algebra'', &quot;...it also serves as the unifying thread which interlaces almost all of mathematics.&quot; p. 1, Ginn and Company, 1964&lt;/ref&gt;  Tidyondo leti ta Nhlayo-vuringanisi i tankoka ngopfu eka Tidyondzo ta lehenhla ta Tinhlayo, Sayensi na Vunjiniyera ku hlanganisa na Vutshunguri na Tidyondzo ta Vuxavisi.

Hlayo-vuringanisi yi hambana na [[Tinhlayo hi tinomboro|Nhlayo ya tinomboro]] hi matirhisele ya maletere ku yimela nomboro leyi nga tiviwiki. Hixikombiso  &lt;math&gt;x + 2 = 5&lt;/math&gt; letere &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; aritiviwi, kambe nawu wo hundzuluxa wu tirhisiwa ku tsumbula leswaku ntsengo wa yona i: &lt;math&gt;x=3&lt;/math&gt;.

== Ntshaho ==
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    <title>Vukambisisi bya Dyondzo-Tinhlayo</title>
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'''Vukambisisi bya Dyondzo-Tinhlayo''' i rhavi ra dyondzo ya [[Tinhlayo]] leri letelaka hi ta mpino na kucinca-ncinca ka ntsengo, [[mpfhuka]], [[kuleha]], kuanama na vuenti bya swilo hi ku tirhisa dyondzo ya tinhlayo.&lt;ref&gt;[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hewitt Edwin Hewitt] and Karl Stromberg, &quot;Real and Abstract Analysis&quot;, Springer-Verlag, 1965&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=analysis {{!}} mathematics|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/analysis-mathematics|accessdate=2015-07-31|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|last=Stillwell|first=John Colin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntshaho ==
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      <text bytes="1661" sha1="e6ojdlr4w3peo5lqt34st1kp73ageye" xml:space="preserve">[[File:CollageFisica.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Swifaniso swo hambana-hambana swa swiendlakalo swa ntumbuluko]]
'''Ntivo-Ntumbuluko''' (Kumbe Fiziksi ritekiwe eka Xigrikifrom φυσική ''phusikḗ (epistḗmē)'' &quot;vutivi bya ntumbuluko&quot;, kusuka eka {{Lang|grc|φύσις}} ''phúsis'' &quot;Ntumbuluko&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;etymonline-physics&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=physics|url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=physics&amp;allowed_in_frame=0|work=Online Etymology Dictionary|accessdate=2016-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;etymonline-physic&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=physic|url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=physic&amp;allowed_in_frame=0|work=Online Etymology Dictionary|accessdate=2016-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;) i [[sayensi]] leyi lavisisaka hita [[swiaka-swilo]] na mafambele yaswilo eka mbangu na nkarhi, kuhlanganisan na vuxaka bya swona na matimba.&lt;ref name=&quot;maxwell1878-physicalscience&quot;&gt;maxwell: &quot;Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events.&quot; -- 1878 &lt;/ref&gt; Fiziksi is sayensi ya xisekelo, naswona pakani ya dyondzo leyi iku twisisa ndlela leyi [[ntumbuluko]] u tirhaka ha yona.&lt;ref name=&quot;youngfreedman2014p1&quot;&gt;Young freedman - &quot;Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences.&quot; P1 -- 2014 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;youngfreedman2014p2&quot;&gt;Young freedman -- &quot;Physics is an experimental science. P2 -- 2014 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;holzner2003-physics&quot;&gt;Holzner: &quot;Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you.&quot; 2003&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Nhlangano wa Matiko]] wu thye lembe ra 2005, tani hi lembe ra Fiziksi.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Sayensi ya maxele</title>
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'''Sayensi ya maxele''' i rhavi ra [[Sayensi]] leri lavisisaka timhaka ta maxele na kuvhumba [[maxele]]. Sayensi leyi i ya khale ngopfu, hambi leswi mavhumbele ya maxele amanga tshembeki kuta fika hi lembe-xidzana ravu 18. Mavhumbele ya maxele ma antswisiwile hi ku tumbuluxiwa ka [[khompuyuta|tikhompuyuta]], leswi endleka swi olova ku tirhisa mintsengo ya matimu ya maxele na Tinhlayo ku Vhumba maxele ya siku rin'wana na rin'wana. Swiendlakalo swa maxele swi nga ha vhumbiwa hi kuya hi xibhakabhaka; Kuhisa; ntsikelelo wa moya; hunguva na ndzendzeleko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aristotle&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Aristotle |title=Meteorology |url=http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/a/aristotle/meteorology/ |year=2004 |publisher=eBooks@Adelaide |location=The University of Adelaide Library, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005 |quote=Translated by E.W. Webster |origyear=350 BCE |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217110549/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/a/aristotle/meteorology/ |archivedate=2007-02-17 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rito leri hlamuselaka maxele ya dyambu hi xigriki i  {{Lang|grc|μετέωρος}} ''metéōros'' &quot;henhla, xibhakabhaka&quot; (leri tekiweke eka  {{Lang|grc|μετα-}} ''[[wiktionary:meta-|meta-]]'' &quot;Henhla&quot; na {{Lang|grc|ἀείρω}} ''aeiro'' &quot;Ku thlandlusa&quot;) ku hlanganisa na {{Lang|grc|-λογία}} ''[[wiktionary:-logia|-logia]]'' , leringa. &quot;Ndzavisiso wa swilo leswinga e moyeni&quot;.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Maxelo</title>
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'''Maxelo''' i matshamele ya [[tilo]]/xibhakabhaka, kuhlamusela leswaku ra hisa; ka titimeta; ku omile kumbe kuna mpfula; ripfurile kumbe kuna mapapa.&lt;ref&gt;Merriam-Webster Dictionary. &lt;/ref&gt;  Maxelo ya siku mahumelela ngopfu eka xibhakabhaka xa lekusuhi na [[misava]].&lt;ref&gt;Glossary of Meteorology. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;trop&quot;&gt;Glossary of Meteorology. &lt;/ref&gt;  Rito maxele, ritirhisiwa ngopfu ku hlamusela ndlela leyi xibhakabhaka xa laha misaveni xinga hiswona.

== Mintshaho ==
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[[Category:Sayensi ya Misava]]

== Maxelo ya le xibakabakeni ==

[[File:Polarlicht.jpg|right|thumb|[[Aurora borealis|Xiharhi lexi vuriwaka Aurora borealis]]]]
Maxelo a ma heleli eka swilo leswi nga eka tipulanete ntsena. Ku fana ni tinyeleti hinkwato, [[corona ya Dyambu]] yi tshama yi ri karhi yi lahleka exibakabakeni, leswi endlaka leswaku kahle-kahle ku nga xibakabaka xo olova swinene eka [[Solar System]] hinkwayo . Ku famba ka vukulu lebyi humesiwaka eka Dyambu ku tiviwa tanihi moya wa dyambu . Ku nga fambisani eka moya lowu ni swiendlakalo leswikulu ehenhla ka nyeleti, swo tanihi coronal mass ejections, swi vumba fambiselo leri nga ni swivumbeko leswi fanaka ni maendlelo ya maxelo lama tolovelekeke (yo tanihi ntshikelelo ni moya) naswona hi ntolovelo ri tiviwa tanihi maxelo ya le xibakabakeni . Ku humesiwa ka koroni hi vunyingi ku landzelerisiwe ku ya fika [[eSolar System]] ku fana na [[Saturn]] .  Ntirho wa fambiselo leri wu nga khumba [[swibakabaka]] swa tipulanete naswona minkarhi yin’wana swi nga khumba swilo leswi nga ehenhla ka misava. Ku tirhisana ka moya wa dyambu na xibakabaka xa misava swi nga humesa [[ti aurorae]] to hlamarisa,  naswona swi nga tlanga hi tisisiteme leti nga na vuxiyaxiya eka gezi to fana na tigridi ta gezi na swikombiso swa xiya-ni-moya.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tinguva</title>
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'''Nguva''' i ndzandzelelano wa matimu ya maxele, eka nkarhi wa malembe ya 30.&lt;ref name=&quot;IPCC-2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Planton|first=Serge (France; editor)|title=Annex III. Glossary: IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_AnnexIII_FINAL.pdf|date=2013|format=[[:en:PDF|PDF]]|work=[[:en:IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|IPCC Fifth Assessment Report]]|page=1450|accessdate=25 July 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524223615/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_AnnexIII_FINAL.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NASA-20050201&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Shepherd|first1=Dr. J. Marshall|last2=Shindell|first2=Drew|last3=O'Carroll|first3=Cynthia M.|title=What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate?|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaa-n/climate/climate_weather.html|date=1 February 2005|work=[[:en:NASA|NASA]]|accessdate=13 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yi langutiwa hi kuya hi ku cinca ka Kuhisa, mberha, ntsikelelo wa xibhakabhaka na moya endzeni ka nkarhi wo leha. Nguva yi hambanile na [[maxele]] hi kuva maxelo ya hlamusela matshamele ya xibhakabhaka kuya hi [[vundzawu]].

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Dyondzo-Tinyeleti</title>
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      <text bytes="860" sha1="ae3xy21jayw8l17ry29q5u3lsda1k17" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LH_95.jpg|thumb|Ndzawu leyi tumbuluxaka tinyeleti ya mapapa ya Magellan.]]
'''Dyondzo ya tinyeleti''' (kusukela eka Xigriki: αστρονομία ) i sayensi leyi lavisisaka hi ta tinyeleti ta tilo na swilo leswinge matilweni. Yi tirhisa [[Tinhlayo]], [[Ntivo-Ntumbuluko]] na [[Ntivo-Mirhi]] leswaku yi hlamusela xihlovo xa tinyeleti leti na na matumbuluxelo ya kona.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Unsöld|first1=Albrecht|last2=Baschek|first2=Bodo|title=Classical Astronomy and the Solar System - Introduction|date=2001|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tidyondzo ta tinyeleti i ti dyondzo ta khale ngopfu ta syensi naswona vutivi lebyi a byi tiviwa hi vanhu vakhale ka Bhabhilona; Vagriki; Mabhaniyani; VaGibhita; VaNubiya; Machayina na va Maya, lava a va hlahluva xibhakabhaka na vusiku.

== Mintshaho ==
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'''Matilo''' i [[vundzawu]] hikwabyo na nkarhi kuhlanganisa na hinkwaswo leswi nga e handle ka [[misava]], leswi hlanganisaka ti pulaneti; tin'weti; na tinyeleti.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Universe|title=Universe|work=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|accessdate=2012-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Universe?s=t|title=Universe|work=Dictionary.com|accessdate=2012-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; vupimi bya ku leha, ku anama na ku enta ka matilo abyi tiviwi.

== Mintshaho ==
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  <page>
    <title>Mpimo</title>
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'''Mpimo''' i ku yelanisa nomboro eka xilo kumbe xiendlakalo loko swi ringanisiwa na swilo kumbe swiendlakalo swin'wana.&lt;ref name=pedhazur&gt;{{cite book |last1 = Pedhazur |first1 = Elazar J. |last2 = Schmelkin  |first2 = Liora Pedhazur  | title = Measurement, Design, and Analysis: An Integrated Approach | edition=1st |publisher = Lawrence Erlbaum Associates |location = Hillsdale, NJ  |year = 1991 |isbn = 0-8058-1063-3  |pages=15–29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = bipm&gt;{{cite book | title = International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM) | year = 2008 | edition = 3rd | publisher = International Bureau of Weights and Measures | url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_200_2008.pdf | page = 16}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Xihlawulekisi xa mpiwo xiya hileswi swi pimiwaka, kungahava ku anama, kuleha kumbe ku enta, kumbe nkarhi lowu hundzaka. &lt;ref name=pedhazur /&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;Koch 2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book| editor-last = Kirch | editor-first = Wilhelm | title = Level of measurement | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Public Health  | volume = 2  | pages = 81  | publisher = Springer  | date = 2008 | isbn = 0-321-02106-1 | accessdate = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpimo i xisekelo xa kuxaviselana, Sayensi, Thekinoloji na tidyondzo tin'wana ta le henhla. Hi kuya hi matimu, tindlela to pima at titirhisiwa kusukela ka khale, naswona vanhu ava ringa nisa ma pimele ya swilo vathlela vatwanana hi tindlela leti va pimaka ha tona.

== Mintshaho ==
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'''Athomu''' i xiyenge lexi ntsongo ngopfu xa Xiaka-Swilo naswona xiri na swihlawulekisi swo karhi. [[Nsimbhi]], [[mati]] kumbe [[moya]] wun'wana na wun'wana wu endliwe hi ti athomu ta wona to hlawuleka. Athomu iyi tsongo ngopfu naswona ayivoneki hi mahlo. Tiathomu itintsongo ngopfu lero ku vhumba mafambele yatona, swilava ku tirhisa muxaka wokarhi wa tidyondzo ta Fiziksi.

Dalton i un'wana wa vanhu lava ava pfumela leswaku tidyondzo ta tiathomu tinga kota kuhlamusela xivangelo lexi endlaka leswaku mati ya khoma mimoya yokarhi hikuhambana.&lt;ref name = &quot;Dalton_1803_paper&quot;&gt;Dalton, John. &quot;[https://web.lemoyne.edu/~GIUNTA/dalton52.html On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids]&quot;, in ''Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester''. 1803. Retrieved on August 29, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Xiaka-Swilo</title>
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      <text bytes="1998" sha1="ooqiv14i5bli3wao3d530344bkeza0j" xml:space="preserve">Eka nhlamuselo ya Ntivo-ntumbuluko wa siku na siku, '''Xiaka-Swilo''' i xilo xin'wana na xin'wana lexingana vutiki naswona ti teka ndzawu; leswi swi hlanganisa na ti athomu, kambe a swi hlanganisi rivonigno kumbe mpfumawulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Penrose&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=R. Penrose|date=1991|chapter=The mass of the classical vacuum|editors=S. Saunders, H.R. Brown|title=The Philosophy of Vacuum|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ZU1LL4IbDKcC&amp;pg=PA21|page=21|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-824449-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mcgrawhill&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Matter (physics)|url=http://www.accessscience.com/abstract.aspx?id=410600&amp;referURL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.accessscience.com%2fcontent.aspx%3fid%3d410600|work=McGraw-Hill's Access Science: Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Online|accessdate=2009-05-24|archive-date=2011-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617073828/http://www.accessscience.com/abstract.aspx?id=410600&amp;referURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessscience.com%2Fcontent.aspx%3Fid%3D410600|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Swilo hinkwaswo leswi hi swivonaka no swi khumba siku na siku swi vumbiwa hi ti Athomu. Kasi na tiathoum na tona ti akiwa hi swi aki leswi vuriwaka to Elekitroni na ti phurothoni na ti Nyutroni.
&lt;ref name=Davies2&gt;{{cite book
 |author=P. Davies
 |date=1992
 |title=The New Physics: A Synthesis
 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=akb2FpZSGnMC&amp;pg=PA1
 |page=1
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |isbn=0-521-43831-4
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Hooft&gt;{{cite book
 |author=G. 't Hooft
 |date=1997
 |title=In search of the ultimate building blocks
 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=e-7eAp-bVbEC&amp;pg=PA6
 |page=6
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |isbn=0-521-57883-3
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  
Swi aki leswi swa tiathomu naswon swi vuriwa Swiaka-swilo hi leswi swinga na vutiki na ntalo. 

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Quartz oisan.jpg|Vuribye
File:Drop closeup.jpg|vumati
File:NO2-N2O4.jpg|Vumoya
File:Plasma-lamp 2.jpg|Vugezi
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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[[Category:Sayensi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gezi</title>
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      <text bytes="1004" sha1="qwds95oywu6jfocajl6eeu8383fieys" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Lightning3.jpg|thumb|[[Rihati]] ixin'wana xa swikombiso swa Gezi.]]

'''Gezi''' i matimba ya ntumbuluko lama vonakaka hi tindlela to hambana hambana ku fana na ku endla rihati, ndzilo naswin'wana. Gezi hirona xihlovo xa tithekinoloji hinkwato ta manguva lawa.

Vanhu ikhale va lavisisa Matimba ya gezi, hambi leswi switekeke nkarhi wo leha kutwisisa maendlele na mphakelo wa gezi. Ku kala ku fika malembe-xidzana ya vu khume nkaye, loko tinjiniyera ti kota ku tirhisa matimba lawa ku ndlandlamuxa mabhindzu na tinkomponi to aka tinhundzu. Ku olova ko fambisa no phakela gezi swi endle leswaku ku tala tindlela ti tirhisa gezi ku fana na swa vutleketli, Ndzilo wo kufumeta, timboni, vuhaxi na tikhompuyuta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=D.A.|last=Jones|title=Electrical engineering: the backbone of society|journal=Proceedings of the IEE: Science, Measurement and Technology|pages=1–10|volume=138|issue=1|doi=10.1049/ip-a-3.1991.0001|year=1991}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Sayensi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Matimba</title>
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      <text bytes="1365" sha1="alhhg4r9r9vrca7gr8jecwiyajyd9vp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sun_in_February_(black_version).jpg|right|thumb|Dyambu ixihlovo xa matimba ya swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka laha misaveni.]]
Rito '''Matimba''' leri nga ἐνέργεια kumbe ''energeia'' rihlamusela &quot;kugingirika&quot; hi xigriki.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=energy|title=Energy|work=Online Etymology Dictionary|last=Harper|first=Douglas|accessdate=May 1, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Eka ti dyondzo ta [[Ntivo-Ntumbuluko|Fiziksi]], ''Matimba'' mahundziseriwa eka nchumu wokarhi leswaku leswaku matirha, naswona manga cinciwa muhlovo, kambe matimba ama tumbuluxiwi kumbe ku herisiwa.&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;The [[:en:Second_law_of_thermodynamics|second law of thermodynamics]] can impose limitations on the capacity of a system to transfer energy by performing work, since some of the system's energy might necessarily be [[:en:Waste_heat?|&quot;wasted&quot;]] in the form of [[:en:Heat|heat] instead. &lt;/ref&gt; 

Mixakka ya matimba mahlanganisa matimba yo fambisa swilo, matimba lama hlayisiweke hikwalaho ka matshamele ya nchumu wokarhi ekusuhi na matimba yo koka kumbe ya gezi, matimba yo tivuyelela, matimba ya khemikhali lama chunsiwaka loko ku hisiwa mafurha, matimba ya rivoningo na matimba yo kufumeta. 

== Tinoti ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== Mintshaho ==
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      <text bytes="2195" sha1="6lpj59h1ze7iefwdm6ozfdomj4ucrlj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Cloud in the sunlight.jpg|thumb|Miseve ya dyambu yi voningela mapapa]]
'''Rivoningo''' i matimba ya ntumbuluko lama endlaka leswaku hikota ku vona.&lt;ref&gt;[[International Commission on Illumination|CIE]] (1987). [https://www.cie.co.at/publ/abst/17-4-89.html ''International Lighting Vocabulary''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227034508/http://www.cie.co.at/publ/abst/17-4-89.html |date=2010-02-27 }}. Number 17.4. CIE, 4th edition. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]: 978-3-900734-07-7.&lt;br&gt;By the ''International Lighting Vocabulary'', the definition of ''light'' is: “Any radiation capable of causing a visual sensation directly.”&lt;/ref&gt; Matihlo ya hina makota kuvona ntsengo wokarhi wa rivoningo, kasi kuna magandlati ya matimba ya rivoningo lawa hi kotiki ku mavona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pal2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Pal|first1=G. K.|last2=Pal|first2=Pravati|title=Textbook of Practical Physiology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CcJvIiesqp8C&amp;pg=PA387|accessdate=11 October 2013|edition=1st|year=2001|publisher=Orient Blackswan|location=Chennai|isbn=978-81-250-2021-9|page=387|chapter=chapter 52|quote=The human eye has the ability to respond to all the wavelengths of light from 400–700 nm. This is called the visible part of the spectrum.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BuserImbert1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Buser|first1=Pierre A.|last2=Imbert|first2=Michel|title=Vision|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NSZvt8Ld2-8C&amp;pg=PA50|accessdate=11 October 2013|year=1992|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-02336-8|page=50|quote=Light is a special class of radiant energy embracing wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm (or mμ), or 4000 to 7000 Å.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Xihlovo xa rivoningo laha misaveni i dyambu. Rivoningo ra dyambu ri haxa matimba eka swimilana leswkau swi kota to sweka chukele ra ntumbuluko leri nyikaka matimba eka swiharhi na vanhu lava dyaka swimilana sweswo. Ndzilo wa tihunyi na wona ixinwana xa swholovo swa rivoningo, kasi manguva lawa hi tirhisa ngopfu matimba ya gezi ku layitha timboni ta gezi. Swiharhi swin'wana swikota ku endla rivoningo hi xirho xa karhi xa miri wa swona.

== Mintshaho ==
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[[Category:Ntumbuluko]]
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      <comment>nga lavekiki</comment>
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      <text bytes="768" sha1="3ogqk5jx11wnlrunvvz0t676d0iv0ox" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Thoth08BigasDrumEvansChalmette.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Xigubhu xi humesa pongo loko xibhiwa.]]
Eka ti dyondzo ta [[Ntivo-Ntumbuluko|Fiziksi]], '''Mpfumawulo''' i ku dzinginikisiwa ka moya kumbe mati ku fikela loko kudzinginika loku ku fika e tindleveni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher=Western Electrical Company|title=Fundamentals of Telephone Communication Systems|date=1969|page=2.1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:ANSI/ASA_S1.1-2013|ANSI/ASA S1.1-2013]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ahi mipfumawulo hinkwayo leyi hi kotaka ku yitwa, kuna mimpfumawulo leyi nga yitsongo ngopfu, kumpe yikulo ngopfu lero hi tsandzeka ku yitwa. Swin'wana swiharhi swi twa mipfumawulo hi ndlela yohamba na ya vanhu.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Category:User id</title>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="66" sha1="nu5itf964isxvic6dp85ce5ss49gpdg" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Indonesian.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hulumendhe</title>
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      <text bytes="1015" sha1="ezvu209d7mh6mm24uo3dv587x3rpocx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:A coloured voting box (no bg).svg|thumb|right|175x175px|Mfungo wa ku Minhlawulo ya xipolitiki]]

'''Hulumendhe''' ixiyimiso xo fuma [[tiko]] ku mbe vaakatiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=government|publisher=''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford University Press|date=November 2010|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/government|access-date=2017-07-16|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630145100/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/government|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; hi ku angarhela, hulumendhe yivumbiwa hi vabhi vanawu, vamatsalana na va avanyisi. Hulumendhe i ndlela yo veka no landzelerisa milawu ya tiko. Muxaka wa hulumendhe, i nxaxamelo wa mafambisele ya swa tipolitiki na minyanghwa ya mfumo leyi vumbaka hulumendhe.

Tihulumendhe ti lawula [[ikhonomi]], [[timfanelo ta ximunhu]], vulandzeleri bya nawu, mafambiselo ya swa tidyondzo na xiyimiso xa swa tipolotiki.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Demokhrasi</title>
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      <text bytes="1867" sha1="5l3yreq8z95r44bfm0g9ah44t2go6wm" xml:space="preserve">[[File:2019 Democracy index.svg|thumb|400px|]]
[[File:Election_MG_3455.JPG|thumb|235x235px|Wansati a haxa vhoti ya yena eka nhlawulo wale Furhwa wa 2007.]]
'''Demokhrasi''' (Kumbe ''δημοκρατία, dēmokratía'' hi xigriki, leswivulaka &quot;Mfumo wa vanhu&quot;), i xiyimiso xa [[hulumendhe]] laha va akatiko va hlawulaka vayimeri vavona leswaku va aka mfumo na Phalamendhe.&lt;ref&gt;[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary Oxford English Dictionary]: ''Democracy''.&lt;/ref&gt; Mfumo wa xidhemokhrasi wu tiviwa tani hi &quot;mfumo wa ntalo wa vanhu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/democracy|title=Democracy – Definition of Democracy by Merriam-Webster|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hindlela yin'wana mfumo wa xidemokhrasi i xiyimiso xofuma lava mintlimbo naku ololoxiwa ka yona swititshege eka leswi vanhu vaswi endlaka, kambe kuri hava loyi anga na matimba, kumbe mbuyelo yakona. Leswi endla leswaku mintlawa hinkwayo yi phikizana ku fuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Przeworski|first1=Adam|title=Democracy and the Market|date=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=10–14}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hikuya hi N'wa tipolitiki Larry Diamond, Demokhrasi yina swiyenge swa mune: (a) Xiyimiso xatipolitiki xo langha no cinca hulumendhe hi ku tirhisa nhlawulo lowu ntshuxekeke; (b) Kunghenelela ka va akatiko eka swatipoliki na vutomi bya vanhu; (c) Kusirhelela [[timfanelo ta ximunhu]] ta vaakatiko hinkwavo, kuhlanganisa na (d) Mfumo wa nawu, laha nawu na vulandzeleri bya wona byi endliwaka hi ku ringana eka vanhu hinkwavo.&lt;ref&gt;Diamond, L., Lecture at Hilla University for Humanistic Studies January 21, 2004: [http://web.stanford.edu/~ldiamond/iraq/WhaIsDemocracy012004.htm &quot;What is Democracy&quot;]; Diamond, L. and Morlino, L., The quality of democracy (2016). &lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
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  <page>
    <title>Vusocha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>34130</id>
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      <timestamp>2019-08-09T10:37:52Z</timestamp>
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'''Vusocha''', i ntlawa wa [[nyimpi|tinyimpi]] wa [[tiko]] ro karhi, naswona wu thlela wu rina mpfumelelo wo tirhisa matimba yo dlaya na mathlarhi ya nyimpi ku seketela swilaveko swa [[hulumendhe]] ya tiko ro karhi na va akatiko va rona. Ntirho wa masocha iku sirhelela tiko na va aki va rona, mathlela ma lwa nyimpi na tiko rin'wana. Masocha manga thlela mava na mintirho yin'wana yo fana na kuhlohlotela [[politiki|vupolitiki]], kusirhelela swa [[mabhindzu]], kulawula va aka tiko, ku aka, vukorhokeri bya nkarhi wa xihantla vathlela va sirhelela tindzhawu tin'wana ta mfumo.&lt;ref&gt;Tucker, T.G. (1985) ''Etymological dictionary of Latin'', Ares publishers Inc., Chicago. p. 156&lt;/ref&gt; The word is now identified as denoting someone that is skilled in use of weapons, or engaged in military service, or in warfare.&lt;ref name=&quot;COD&quot;&gt;Oxford dictionary&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.Merriam-Webster.com|title=Merriam Webster Dictionary online|website=Merriam-Webster.com|publisher= |accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
== Mintshaho ==
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      <text bytes="3054" sha1="ragckpa7kwy0tb8pzwwha8a9jr8neu8" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Karl_Theodor_von_Piloty_Murder_of_Caesar_1865.jpg|thumb|right|220x220px|Xifaniso xa mufumi Julius Khesari.]]

Hikuya hi nhlamuselo ya politiki, '''Tiko''' i ntlawa wa va aka tiko lowu hanyaka ehansi ka xiyimiso xa [[hulumendhe]] wun'we.&lt;ref name=&quot;oxford-state&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |title=state |work=Concise Oxford English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=9th |year=1995 |quote='''3''' (also '''State''') '''a''' an organized political community under one government; a commonwealth; a nation. '''b''' such a community forming part of a federal republic, esp the United States of America |editor1-first=Della |editor1-last=Thompson}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matiko man'wana ma fumiwa hi mfumo lowu nga e tikweni rin'wana.&lt;ref&gt;For example, the [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy_France Vichy France] (1940-1944) officially referred to itself as ''l'État français'' (the French state).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mises.org/pdf/anatomy.pdf|title=Anatomy of the State|first=|last=anne|date=18 August 2014|publisher=mises.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Vanhu]] votala va wela enhansi ka nawu wa tiko ro karhi, hambi leswi kungana vanhu lava vativonaka vanga ri hansi ka tiko. Eka malembe-xidzana ya vu 21, vanhu hinkwavo va wela eka mfumo wa tiko.

== Xiyenge xa Mfumo (State System) ==
Matiko ya hlawuleka hi ndlela leyi hulumendhe ya wona yi hlayisaka nawu ni xiphemu xa vaaki. Matiko yo hambana-hambana ya tirhisa xiyenge xa mfumo ku fana na:  
* Mfumo wa [[Riphabliki]], laha mfumo wu endlaka matshalatshala yo lawula hi swiphemu swa hulumendhe yo kongoma.
* Mfumo wa [[Swikwembu]] kumbe hulumendhe ya xikaya, laha tiko ri fumaka hi nhlengeletano ya swifaniso swo hlawuleka swa ntumbuluko.
* Mfumo wa [[Nhlengeletano ya Matiko]], laha matiko yo hlayanyana ma kongomisiwaka hi fomo ya xinakulobye.  

== Xiyimiso xa Matiko ==  
Tiko rin'wana ni rin'wana ri tshama ri ri na:
1. [[Ntsindza wa Matlhari]] (ku lawuriwa hi hulumendhe) ku kombisa vulawuri bya mfumo.  
2. [[Nawu wa Matiko]] ku katsa tindlela to lawula mfumo wa vanhu hinkwavo.  
3. [[Vutshila bya Xiyimo]]: ku kombisa matirhelo lawa ya vekiwaka ekusuhi na ndhawu ni swiyenge swa misava.

== Matirhelo ya Mfumo ==  
Hikuva mfumo wu vumba muxaka wo hlayisa vutomi ni matirhelo ya vanhu, wu tlhela wu lawula ndzetelo wa le handle ku fana na swiphemu swa nhlangano. Hi laha ku nga hi [[Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga]] laha mfumo wu vumba xiphemu xa vuyimbeleri bya mafambiselo ya rixaka.

== Vuxaka na Matiko Mambe ==  
Matiko man'wana ma vumba vuxaka bya [[nhlangano wa matiko]] ku fambisa swilo swa nkulumo-hlangano yo tsokombela mintlhontlho. Leswi swi vumbiwile hi malembe-xidzana ya vu [[20th century]] ku khathaleriwa tihuvo letikulu.

== Vuswikoti bya Mfumo ==  
Ku tiva mfumo wa tiko i swa nkoka hikuva swi katsa nawu lowu fumaka tiko hinkwaro ku tlula marito ya ntirho wa nkulumo hansi ka matirhelo ya mfumo. Mfumo wu tlhela wu katsa nseketelo wa bindzu ni ndzetelo wa le handle ku tumbuluxa nhluvuko.

== Minthsaho ==
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[[Category:Hulumendhe]]
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    <title>Matiko la ma hlanganeke</title>
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      <text bytes="1805" sha1="7gu3m9xi1mlt6ex24y7qekpdaz04rq9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:UN General Assembly hall.jpg|thumb|right|Holo ya nhlangano wa matiko.]]
'''Matiko la ma hlanganeke''' kumbe '''Nhlangano wa Matiko''' i nhlangano ya [[hulumendhe|tihulumendhe]] ta [[misava]] leti byarhisiweke pfumba ro kondletela ntwanano naswona tithlela ti kodletela nawu na vululami. Nhlangano lowu wu simekiwe hi 24 [[Nhlangula]] 1945 endzhaku ka [[nyimpi ya misava ya vumbirhi]]. Loku wu simekiwa, nhlangano lowu a wuri na 51 wa matiko, kasi sweswi kuna 193 wa matiko eka nhlangano lowu. Ntsindza wa nhlangano lowu wu kumeka eManhattan,e dorobheni ra New York, e [[Amerikha]]. Ti ofisi tin'wana ta nhlangano ti kumeka eGeneva, Nairobi, na Vienna. Nhlangano lowu wu fambisiwa hi minyikelo ya timali leyi humaka e ma tikwein lama nga malandza ya nhlangano.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/international-organization/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116165808/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/international-organization/ |date=2020-11-16 }}, www.nationalgeographic.org.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[file:flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|Mujeko wa Nhlangano wa Matiko]]
[[File:United Nations Office at Geneva- The Allée des Nations- Flags of the member nations- Geneva- Switzerland-20150915.jpg|thumb|Matiko la ma hlanganeke, [[Switzerland]]]]

[[file:United Nations (Member States and Territories).svg|thumb|center|upright=2|{{legend|#009edb|Matiko ya Swirho swa Nhlangano wa Matiko}}
{{legend|#9edb00|Mimfumo ya Vahlaleri va Nhlangano wa Matiko (Palestina, Vatican)}}
{{legend|#db9e00|Matiko lama faneleke lama nga riki swirho (Niue, Swihlala swa Cook)}}
{{legend|#c0c0c0|Tindhawu leti nga Tifumaka}}
{{legend|#f0f0f0|Antarctica (nsimu ya matiko ya misava)}}]]

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Hulumendhe]]
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[[Category:Nawu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nawu</title>
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      <text bytes="3468" sha1="cyo34py1zbslp3j65zi9mkgc4r7snxp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Statua_Iustitiae.jpg|thumb|299x299px|N'wa-Vululami, i [[xikwembu]] lexi yimelaka vululami naswona lexi khomeke bhanga – xiyimela matimba ya ku khorisa ya huvo –, Swikalo  – swiyimela ku avanysa eka swikoxo leswi hambanaka – Na xipfala mahlo, lexi kombisaka leswaku vululami byi fanela ku averiwa hi kuringana eka vanhu hinkwavo, hi ku pfumala ku chava naswona kunga langutiwi Mali, Rifuwo, Matimba kumbe munhu loyi ehliwaka hi nandzu.&lt;ref&gt;Luban, ''Law's Blindfold'', 23.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Nawu''' i mafambisele ya milawu leyi vekiweke naswona yi landzelerisiwa hi kutirhisa mindzawulo ya ximunhu kumbe [[Hulumendhe]] leswaku ku lawuli mahanyele.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90.&lt;/ref&gt; Nawu tani hi xiyimiso, wu pfuna ku lawula no tiyisisa leswaku va aka tiko va komba ku xiximana, naswona ku kondloteriwa kuringana eka vanhu hinkwavo. Milawu leyi landzelerisiwaka hi Mfumo yi nga vekiwa hi huvo leyi hlanganeke, kumbe muveki nawu ku ya hi xitiviso xa mfumo. Mavekele ya milawu manga hlohloteriwa hi Vumbiwa, leri tsariweke ku hlanganisa na ti mfanelo leti nga endzeni ka Vumbiwa. Nawu wu vumba swa [[Tipolitiki]], ku xaviselana, Matimu na [[nhlangano wa vanhu]] hi tindela to hambana na swona wu thelal wutirha tani hi mulamuleri exikarhi ka vuxaka bya vanhu.

Kuna ku hambana exikarhi ka (a) Milawu ya Ximfumo, leyi landzeleriwaka hi tindzawulo to karhi ta ximfumo, naswona (b) Nawu wa Xintu, lowu landzelelaka ku avanyisa ka huvo. Kuya hi matimu, Milawu ya vukhongeri a yilandzelerisiwa ngopfu ku tlula milawu yin'wana, ngopfu ngopfu eka vukhongeri bya Xiyuda na Xisurumani. Nawu wa Xisurumani wa Xariya, wutirhisiwa ngopfu e misaveni naswona wutekiwa tani hi nawu wa tiko ematikweni yo fana na Irani na Arabhiya ya le Dzongeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.brightknowledge.org/knowledge-bank/law-and-politics/spotlight-on-law/what-is-sharia-law|title=What is sharia law?|work=brightknowledge.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nawu wu thlela wu pfuxa mintlimbo leyi rharhanganeke loko swita eka ti mhaka ta Kuringana, Vunene, na Vululami. Kuna xivulavuri lexi nge 'Vanhu hinkwavo va ringana emahlweni ka Nawu', hambi leswi Jonathan Swift a anguleke leswaku 'Milawu yixana na mapume, lama phasaka switsotswana, kambe ma pfumela timimpfi ti hundza.' Hi lembe ra 1894, matsalana Anatole France u tsarile hiku monya leswaku, &quot;Enhlohlorhini ya vuringani bya wona, nawu wu sivela vafumi na swisiwana hi ku ringana leswaku vanga tshuki va etlela e handle, va kombela e mapatwini, na ku yiva xinkwa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;(France, ''The Red Lily'', [http://www.online-literature.com/anatole-france/red-lily/8/ Chapter VII]). &lt;/ref&gt; loko a tsala hi malembe ya 350 BC, N'wa filosofi wa mugriki Aristoka u hlamusele leswaku, &quot;Mfumo wa nawu wu antswa ngopfu kutlula nawu wa munhu un'we.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Aristotle. &lt;/ref&gt; Mikhail Bakunin uteri: &quot;Milawu hinkwayo leyi simekiweke, i ya ku tikirheta na ku tlakusela eka xiyimiso, kutshikeleriwa ka vatirhi hi ntlawa lowu fumaka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Stewart and Burgess. &lt;/ref&gt; kasi Cicero yena ute &quot;Ku tala ka milawu, iku tsongahala ka vululami&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Cicero, ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Officiis De Officiis]'', I, 10, 33. &lt;/ref&gt; Tidyondzo ta VuMaksi ti hlamusela leswaku Nawu wu ngehe laveki loko Mfumo wu herisiwile.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Withering away of the state&quot;. &lt;/ref&gt; Kunga khatariseki mavonele ya vanhu, Nawu hi wona xihlovo ya mindzawulo hinkwayo ya ximfumo.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Tidyondzo ta ikhonomi</title>
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      <text bytes="1833" sha1="c5a51w5xp4871r1r9ydqrmrh46fy9y5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Emblem-money.svg|thumb|right|200x200px|Xifaniso xa tidyondzo ta Ikhonomi na ku xaviselana]]

'''Tidyondzo ta ikhonomi''' i sayensi ya ximunhu leyi lavisisaka ti mhaka leti hlamuselaka no xopaxopa, ma endlele, mphakelo, na matirhisele ya tinhundzu na vukorhokeri&quot;. Tidyondzo leti to langutisa mahanyele na vuxaka exikarhi ka switirhisiwa swa Ikhonomi na tindlela leti ti ikhonomi ti tirhaka ha yona. 

Ndzivisiso wa tidyondzo ta ikhomoni ti tirhisiwa hinkwako eka [[nhlangano wa vanhu]], eka mabhindzu, Swa timali, swa rihanyo, na [[hulumendhe]]. Tidyondzo leti tithlela titirhisiwa eka swiyenge swo hambana swa tidyondzo ta vugevenga, Tidyondzo,&lt;ref&gt;[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Bank The World Bank] (2007). &lt;/ref&gt; Muti, Nawu, [[Politiki]], Vukhongeri,&lt;ref&gt;[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_R._Iannaccone Iannaccone, Laurence R.] (1998). &lt;/ref&gt; tindzawulo ta ximunhu, Nyimpi,&lt;ref&gt;[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Nordhaus Nordhaus, William D.] (2002). &lt;/ref&gt; Sayensi,&lt;ref&gt;Arthur M. Diamond, Jr. (2008). &quot;science, economics of&quot;, ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Palgrave_Dictionary_of_Economics The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics]'', 2nd Edition, Basingstoke and New York: [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan Palgrave Macmillan]. &lt;/ref&gt; na Ntumbuluko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/greeneconomyreport/tabid/29846/default.aspx|title=Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme|date=2011|isbn=978-92-807-3143-9|accessdate=2015-05-10|archive-date=2014-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313165816/http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/GreenEconomyReport/tabid/29846/Default.aspx|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minthsaho ==
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  <page>
    <title>Mali</title>
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'''Mali''' i nchumu lowu tiyisekisiweke tanihi hakelo ya nhundzu na vukorhokeri na ku hakela swikweleti, ku fana na swimbalo, etikweni ro karhi kumbe xiyimo xa ikhonomi. Mintirho leyikulu leyi hambanisaka mali hi leyi: ku cincana-cinca swa n'wanchumu, ku cinca ka nkoka wa swilo naswona minkarhi yin'wana, ku hakela.

Mali hi matimu a ku ri xiendlakalo xa makete lexi humelelaka lexi a xi ri na nkoka wa xiviri tanihi nhundzu ; kwalomu ka tisisiteme hinkwato ta mali ta manguva lawa ti sekeriwe eka mali ya fiat leyi nga seketeriwangiki handle ka nkoka wa ku tirhisiwa . &lt;ref name=&quot;mankiw&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=N. Gregory Mankiw|first1=[https://archive.org/details/macroeconomics0000mank/page/22 22–32]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkoka wa yona hikwalaho wu kumiwa hi ntwanano wa ntshamisano, wu tivisiwa hi [[Hulumendhe|mfumo]] kumbe nhlangano lowu lawulaka leswaku i mali ya le nawini ; hi leswaku, yi fanele ku amukeriwa tanihi xivumbeko xa ku hakela endzeni ka mindzilakano ya tiko, eka &quot;swikweleti hinkwaswo, swa mfumo na swa phurayivhete&quot;, eka mhaka ya dolara ya United States .

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==</text>
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    <title>Ta mahungu</title>
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      <text bytes="1574" sha1="qkvpzgzupjaurvjexo8c2eu2gsrpnds" xml:space="preserve">[[File:911-Panel.JPG|thumb|220px|Maphepha-hungu ya 12 Ndzhati, ya Amarikha e misaveni.]]

Ta '''Mahungu''' i nxaxamelo wa [[thekinoloji|tithekinoloji]] ta [[vuhaxi]] bya mahungu lebyi fikelelaka [[vanhu]] votala. Vuhaxi bya mahungu byi haxa mahungu hi tithekinoloji leti fanaka na, [[Tifilimi]], [[Xiya ni moya]], [[Vunanga]] lebyi rhekhodiweke, kumbe [[Thelevixini]]. Vuhaxi bya le ka [[inthaneti]] byi hlanganisa ku tirhisa Intanenti kumbe [[Riqingo]], ti imeyili, Matluka ya vunghana ya intaneti, swiya nimoya na tithelevixini leti nga eka inthaneti. Kasi vuhaxi byale handle byi haxa mahungu hikutirhisa tibhodi leti kula tale mapatwini, na mimfungo leyi kumekaka eka swa vutleketli. Kasi [[maphepha-hungu]] na wona maha tirhisiwa kufana na [[buku|tibuku]] na swibukwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mass Media&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.enotes.com/mass-media-reference/mass-media | title=Mass Media | accessdate=November 28, 2011 | archive-date=July 31, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731093543/http://www.enotes.com/mass-media-reference/mass-media | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Riesman ''et al.'' (1950) ch.2 p.50&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-mass-media.html|title=A Layman's Guide to the Different Types of Mass Media|work=Buzzle|access-date=2017-07-18|language=en-US|archive-date=2011-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114011523/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-mass-media.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Mintshaho ==
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  <page>
    <title>Dyondzo</title>
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'''Tidyondzo''' i xiyimiso xa vuleteri na ku dyondza, kumbe ku hlengeleta vutivi, vutshila na mitnolovelo. Tindlela ta vuleteri ti hlanganisa tu thya migaringani, kubula, kudyondzisa, kuletela na ku lavisisa. Tindyondzo ti kongomisiwa hi valeteri, kambe na vadyondzi va nga swikota ku tidyondzisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Dewey|first=John|title=Democracy and Education|publisher=The Free Press|date=1944|orig-year=1916|pages=1–4|isbn=0-684-83631-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tdyondzo ti hambanisiwa hi ndlela leyi landzelaka, Dyondzo yo sungula/yatincece, Xikolo xa lehansi, Xikolo yale makarhi na tidyondzo tale henhla.

Mfanelo yo dyondza, yi amukeriwe hi tihulumedhe tin'wana emisaveni hinkwayo, hi kya hi ndzimana ya vu 13 ya vumbiwa ra Matiko lama hlanganeke.&lt;ref name=&quot;ICESCR-art13.1&quot;&gt;''ICESCR'', Article 13.1&lt;/ref&gt; Eka tindzhawu tin'wana, dyondzo ixikolokolo ku fikela eka malembe yo karhi.

== Nhlamuselo ==
Rito &quot;dyondzo&quot; ri huma eka marito ya Xilatini {{Lang|la|educare}}, leswi vulaka &quot;ku kurisa&quot; na {{Lang|la|educere}}, leswi vulaka (ku tswala&quot;. Nhlamuselo ya dyondzo yi kambisisiwile hi vativi va tidyondzo to hambanahambana. Vo tala va vona va pfumela leswaku dyondzo i ntirho lowu nga ni xikongomelo lowu kunguhateriweke ku fikelela swikongomelo swo fana na ku hundzisela [[vutivi]], vuswikoti na timfanelo ta vumunhu ku suka eka munhu un'we ku ya eka wun'wana. Ku ni njhekanjhekisano lowu anameke lowu rhendzeleke xivumbeko xa yona ku tlula swivumbeko leswi.Ndlela yin'wana yi languta dyondzo tanihi endlelo leri humelelaka hi nkarhi wa swiendlakalo swo fana na xikolo,ku dyondzisa na ku dyondza. Langutelo rin'wana ri twisisa dyondzo ku nga ri endlelo kambe tanihi xiyimo xa mihleketo ni malangutelo ya vanhu lava dyondzekeke lama vangiwaka hi endlelo leri.Ku engetela kwalaho rito leri ri nga ha tlhela ri komba xiyenge xa dyondzo lexi dyondzaka tindlela, maendlelo na minhlangano ya vanhu leyi katsaka ku dyondzo na ku dyondzisa. Ku va ni mianakanyo ya ku twisisa ya leswi rito leri ri vulaka swona i swa nkoka loko u ringeta ku vona swilo swa dyondzo, ku pima ku humelela ka dyondzo, na ku antswisa maendlelo ya dyondzo.
== Mintshaho ==
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  <page>
    <title>Swakudya</title>
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      <text bytes="1034" sha1="gj9w24gvsv3wrxyud4gr52r1h5brkz9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Good_Food_Display_-_NCI_Visuals_Online.jpg|thumb|swakudya swo hambana-hambana]]
'''Swakudya''' iswilo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/food|title=food|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; leswi dyiwaka leswaku swi nyika matimba na [[vutomi]] eka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka. Hakanyingi i [[swimilana]], kumbe [[xiharhi|swiharhi]], naswona swi hlanganisa swiaka miri swa nkoka, kufana na mafurha, tiphurotheni, timinerali, Mavhitamina na ti Khabhohaydreti. 

Kuya hi matimu, [[vanhu]] ava hlengeleta swakudya hi ku hlota kumbe ku rima. Manguva lawa, swakudya swi phakeriwa hi ti khampani leti lulamisaka swakudya.

Mfanelo yo va na swakudya, [[timfanelo ta ximunhu|imfanelo ya ximunhu]] leyi tekiweke eka nhlangano wa ikhonomi na timfanelo ta ximunhu (ICESCR), leyi amukelaka &quot;mfanelo wa mahanyele lamanene, ku katsa na swakudya&quot;, kuhlanganisa na &quot;mfanelo nkulu yaku tshunxeka eka ndlala&quot;.

== Mintshaho ==
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[[Category:Swakudya]]
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  <page>
    <title>Tamintlangu</title>
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      <text bytes="1946" sha1="dmxmei4286sizby1uyt6fr9qxj3v69t" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Vana lava ntsongo vatlanga bolo na swona vati olola.]]
'''Tamintlangu''' ti hlanganisa minxaka hikwayo ya mintlangu ya ku phikizana ka [[vanhu]] laha,&lt;ref name=&quot;sportaccord&quot;&gt;{{cite web|publisher=SportAccord|url=http://www.sportaccord.com/en/members/index.php?idIndex=32&amp;idContent=14881|title=Definition of sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028112912/http://www.sportaccord.com/en/members/index.php?idIndex=32&amp;idContent=14881|archivedate=28 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; hi kutirhisa kululamisa, kutirhisa, na ku lota vuswikoti bya [[miri]] naswona va tsakisa vahlaleri.&lt;ref name=&quot;council&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Council of Europe|title=The Europien sport charter|url=https://wcd.coe.int/wcd/ViewDoc.jsp?id=206451|accessdate=5 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakanyingi ntlangu wuva exikarhi ka mathlelo ma mbirhi, naswona thlelo rin'wana ri ringeta ku hlula rin'wana. Kuna mintlangu yotala leyi hlanganisaka vatlangi votala hinkarhi wun'we.

Mintlangu yi lawuriwa hi milawu yo hambana hambana, kumbe swikholwa-kholwana, leswi endliweke ku kondlotela mphikizano lowu lulameke, naswona yi kondlotela ku avanyisa muhluri un'we eka ntlangu. 

Hi kuya hi A.T. Kearney, yi hlamusela leswaku Ntlawa wa tamintlangu wu endla kwalomu ka $620 wa tibhiliyonihi lembe ra 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/news/international/21585012-sportswomen-are-beginning-score-more-commercial-goalsbut-they-still-have-lot-ground|title=Women in sport: Game, sex and match|work=The Economist|date=7 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntlangu wa ta majatu hiwona ntlangu lowu tolovelekeke ngopfu , wu landzelriwa hi ntlangu wa bolo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Finn|first1=Adharanand|title=Running with the Kenyans|date=2012|page=chapter 2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mangan|first1=J A|title=Sport in Latin American Society: Past and Present|date=2014|page=93}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
[[Category:Mintlangu]]</text>
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'''Ntlangu''' ivuhungasi lebyi hleriweke, naswona minkarhi yin'wana wu tirhisiwa ku dyondzisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;merriam-webster.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Definition of GAME|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/game|website=www.merriam-webster.com|accessdate=May 7, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mintlangu yithlela yiva mintirho leyi hakelaka, naswona yiva muxaka wa Vuthsila. Hambileswi kunga hava kuhambana, kambe mintlangu ya manguva lawa iminthirho (Kufana na ntlangu wa Majatu, kumbe Bholo) kumbe vuhungasi (Kufana na ntlangu wa Swiyenge, Tikhadi kumbe tivhidiyo).

Mintlangu i ya kuhungasa, naswona yingava na mbuyelo eka muhluri. Unga tlanga wexe, miri xipani kumbe eka inthaneti. Hakanyingi vatlangi vana vahlaleri lava vanga tlangiki, kambe vatsakela ntlangu wokarhi. Vatlangi vanga thlela vava vahlaleri loko varikarhi va cincana kutlanga. Vana vatsekala ku langa vatlangi kumbe vahlaleri eka mintlangu ya vona.

Swiyenge swa nkoka swa mintlangu i minkutlunya, milawu, mphikizano, na minjhekanjhekisano. Mintlangu yi hlanganisa ku hlohlotela mihleketo na miri wa mutlnangi. Mintlangu yo tala yi pfuna ku antswisa vuswikoti naswona yithlela yi va muxaku wa vutiolori.

Kusukela hi 2600 BC,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gamecabinet.com/history/Ur.html|title=The Royal Game of Ur|last=Soubeyrand|first=Catherine|publisher=[http://www.gamecabinet.com/ The Game Cabinet]|accessdate=2008-10-05|year=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1815747_1815707_1815665,00.html | title=Big Game Hunter | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | work=2008 Summer Journey | last=Green | first=William | accessdate=2008-10-05 | date=2008-06-19 | archive-date=2013-08-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822212135/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1815747_1815707_1815665,00.html | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; mintlangu i xiyenge lexikulu xa vutomi bya vanhu na mindzhavuko. Ntlangu wa vuhosi bya le Uri, Seneti na Mankala, i yin'wana ya mintlangu yakhale leyi tsundzukiwaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.historicgames.com/gamestimeline.html|title=History of Games|publisher=[http://www.historicgames.com/ MacGregor Historic Games]|year=2006|accessdate=2008-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Mintlangu]]</text>
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    <title>Vusurumani</title>
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      <text bytes="7013" sha1="bb46bvi3nj9ukcplnfqc193y08k55gl" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Kaaba at night.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Kaaba]] e [[Mecca]] ithlelo ra xikhongelo na pfumba ra ripfumelo ra Masurumani]]

'''Vusurumani''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|s|l|ɑː|m}}) i vukhongeri lebyi pfumelaka leswaku kuna [[xikwembu]] xin'we ntsena lexinga ringanisiwiku na swikwembu swin'wana, kunga ([[Allah]])&lt;ref&gt;'''quran.com''': ''[http://quran.com/2/255]''&lt;/ref&gt; naswona [[Muhammad]] i murhumiwa wo hetelela wa Xikwembu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=John L. Esposito|title=Islam. Overview|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0383|subscription=yes|quote=Profession of Faith [...] affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of God, the last and final prophet.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OEIW-allah&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=F. E. Peters|title=Allāh|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0383|subscription=yes|quote=the Muslims’ understanding of Allāh is based [...] on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of humankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses, Jesus, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the “Peoples of the Book.”}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vukhongeri lebyi i ba vumbirhi emisaveni hikuya hi mandlandlamukele ya vukhongeri &lt;ref name=&quot;landscape&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/|title=The Global Religious Landscape|date=18 December 2012|publisher=Pew Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona hibyona lebyi kulaka ku tlula vukhongeri byin'wana,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Burke|first1=Daniel|title=The world's fastest-growing religion is ...|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/|accessdate=18 April 2015|agency=CNN|date=April 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lippman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god|title=No God But God|author=Lippman, Thomas W.|quote=''Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.''|publisher=[[U.S. News &amp; World Report]]|date=2008-04-07|accessdate=2013-09-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithtoday.html PBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Faith - Islam Today].&lt;/ref&gt; hi kwalomu ka 1.8 wa tibhiliyoni ta valandzeri emisaveni,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/|title=Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group|date=2017-04-06|work=Pew Research Center|access-date=2017-05-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; lava vuriwaka [[Masurumani]].&lt;ref&gt;According to [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/muslim Oxford Dictionaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729005309/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/muslim |date=2016-07-29 }}, &quot;Muslim is the preferred term for 'follower of Islam,' although Moslem is also widely used.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Masurumani ma tata vunyingi bya nhlayo wa vakatiko ematikweni ya kwalomu ka 49 emisaveni.&lt;ref name=&quot;landscape&quot; /&gt; Vusurumani bydyondzisa leswaku Xikwembu xina ntwela-vusiwana, xina matimba hinkwawo, xihlawulekile,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor=Juan E. Campo|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&amp;pg=PA34|publisher=[[Facts on File]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|page=34|chapter=Allah|title=Encyclopedia of Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona xikongomisa vanhu hi kutirhisa vaprofeta, hlavutelo wa matsalwa na swikombiso swa ntumbuluko.&lt;ref name=&quot;OEIW-allah&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=İbrahim Özdemir|title=Environment|editor=Ibrahim Kalin|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2014|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref:oiso/9780199812578.001.0001/acref-9780199812578-e-237|subscription=yes|quote=When Meccan pagans demanded proofs, signs, or miracles for the existence of God, the Qurʾān’s response was to direct their gaze at nature’s complexity, regularity, and order. The early verses of the Qurʾān, therefore, reveal an invitation to examine and investigate the heavens and the earth, and everything that can be seen in the environment [...] The Qurʾān thus makes it clear that everything in Creation is a miraculous sign of God (āyah), inviting human beings to contemplate the Creator.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matsalwa ya vukhongeri lebyi i [[Kurani]], leyi tekiwaka tani hi rito raxikwembu, na tidyondzo to fanisa (leti vuriwaka ''sunnah'', kuhlanganisa na mintokoto leyi tsariweke kunga ''hadith'') ta Muhammad (Exikarhi ka 570–8 Xixika 632 CE).

Masurumani ma pfumela leswaku Vusurumani ivukhongeri lebyi heleleke lebyi hlavuteriweke eka vaprofeta vofana na Adamu, Abrahama, Moxe na Yesu.&lt;ref name=&quot;People-of-the-Book&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithpeople.html|title=People of the Book|work=[[Islam: Empire of Faith]]|publisher=[[PBS]]|accessdate=2010-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Reeves, J. C. (2004). &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/21/living/yom-kippur-muslims/index.html, retrieved 10-1-2016&lt;/ref&gt; Kasi Kurani yona vatshemba leswaku i hlavutelo lowu heteleleke wa Xikwembu. Vukhongeri lebyi nabyona byi dyondzisa leswaku kutava na kuavanyisa kamakumu, laha lavo lulama vangata ya e Paradeyisini, kasi vadyohi vona vaya e Tiheleni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588?_hi=1&amp;_pos=2 |access-date=2017-07-28 |archive-date=2014-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423115519/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588?_hi=1&amp;_pos=2 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Minsiya ya vukhongeri lebyi yihlanganisa Minsinya ya nthlanu ya Vusurumani, leyi nga mfanelo wa vukhongeri,  na kulandzelerisa nawu wa vusurumani, lowu khumbaka swiyenge hinkwaso swa vutomi na [[nhlangano wa vanhu]], kusukela eka kuveka mali na swa tarihanyo, kuya eka Vavasati na mbangu. Madorobha ya Mecca, Medina na Jerusalema i madorobha yo kwetsima eka Vusurumani.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trofimov&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Trofimov|first=Yaroslav|title=The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine|year=2008|pages=|page=79|place=New York|language=|isbn=0-307-47290-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minthsaho ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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      <text bytes="6533" sha1="op61neu77vzmc37ycl2ts5rsxfnzuaw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Judaica.jpg|thumb|283x283px|Switirhisiwa swa vukhongeri bya Vuyuda kuhlanganisa na makhandlela ya Savatha, ndzeko wo hlamba mandla, na Tora.]]
'''Vuyuda''' i vukhongeri byakhale swinene, lebyi simekiweke eka matsalwa ya Torah (Leyinga xiyenge xa Tanakh kumbe Bibhele ya Xiheveru), kuhlanganisa na mindzhavuko leyi kumekaka eka matsalwa lama landzeleke ya Midrash na Talmud. Vuyuda i vukhongeri, Filosofi, ndzhavuko na mahanyele ya mayuda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Judaism&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Jacobs |first=Louis |authorlink=Louis Jacobs |editor=Fred Skolnik |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Judaica]] |title=Judaism |edition=2d |year=2007 |publisher=Thomson Gale |volume=11 |location=Farmington Hills, Mich. |isbn=978-0-02-865928-2 |page=511 |quote=Judaism, the religion, philosophy, and way of life of the Jews. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vuyuda byi voniwa hi vakhongeri va mayuda, tanihi vuxaka bya xipfumelwano lebyi Xikwembu xiveke nabyona na vana va Israyele.&lt;ref name=&quot;Knowledge Resources: Judaism&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/judaism |title=Knowledge Resources: Judaism |publisher=[[Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs]] |date= |accessdate=2011-11-22 |archive-date=2011-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827210045/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/judaism |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vuyuda i vukhongeri bya vu khume hi vunyingi bya valandzeri emisaveni naswona byina kwalomu ka 14.5 kuya eka 17.4 wa timiliyoni ta valandzeri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Population of Jews&quot;&gt;''14.3&amp;nbsp;million'' (core Jewish population) to ''17.4&amp;nbsp;million'' (including non-Jews who have a Jewish parent), according to: *{{cite report |author=DellaPergola, Sergio |date=2015 |title=World Jewish Population, 2015 |url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/Studies/downloadFile.cfm?FileID=3394 |publisher=Berman Jewish DataBank |accessdate=4 May 2016}} ''14–14.5&amp;nbsp;million'' according to: *{{cite news|title=Worldwide Jewry numbers 14 million|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4324677,00.html|publisher=Ynet|accessdate=21 October 2013}} *{{cite book|title=Jewish Population|url=http://www.jewfaq.org/populatn.htm|work=Judaism101|accessdate=20 September 2013}} *{{cite book|author=Daniel J. Elazar|title=How Strong is Orthodox Judaism – Really? The Demographics of Jewish Religious Identification|url=http://www.jcpa.org/dje/articles2/demographics.htm|work=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]]|accessdate=20 September 2013}} *{{cite book|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-jew/|work=[[Pew Research Center]]|title= The Global Religious Landscape&amp;nbsp;– Jews|date=18 December 2012|accessdate=31 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Lewis-84&quot;&gt;Lewis (1984), pp.&amp;nbsp;10, 20&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuyuda byina matsalwa yo hlaya, maendlele ya swilo, nama mixaka ya tinhlangano. Eka vuyuda kuna mintlawa yo hambana hambana, leyi sukeke eka vufundhisi bya vuyuda, laha va pfumelaka leswaku Xikwembu xi hlavutele milawu ya xona eka Moxe entshaveni ya Sinayi, hi ku tirhisa Tora leyi tsariweke naswona yitlela yi vulavuriwa hi nomo.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the oral Torah?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.torah.org/learning/basics/primer/torah/oraltorah.html |title=What is the oral Torah? |publisher=Torah.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hikuya hi matimu, dyondzo leyi yikanetiwile ngopfu hi mintlawa ya mayuda ya va Sadusi na Vahelena, hinkarhi wa tempele ya vumbirhi, nakambe yithlela yi kanetiwa hi mintlawa ya va Karayiti na va Sabatewu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karaite Jewish University&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.kjuonline.com/To_Our_Fellow_Jews.htm |title=Karaite Jewish University |publisher=Kjuonline.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22 |archive-date=2010-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825103843/http://www.kjuonline.com/To_Our_Fellow_Jews.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Karaites&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3458001508.html |title=Karaites |publisher=Encyclopedia.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Namunthla ntlawa lowu kulu wa vuyuda IVuyuda-ntiyela (kunga Vaharedi na Vayuda-ntiyela va manguva lawa), Vuyuda bya xikhale na vuyuda lebyi pfuxetiweke. Kuhambana loku kulu eka mintlawa leyi i ndlela leyi mintlawa leyi yi landzelerisaka nawu wa xiyuda, matimba ya vafundhisi vaxiyuda na kuxixima tiko-ximfumo ra Israyele.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jewish Denominations&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/denominations.htm |title=Jewish Denominations |publisher=ReligionFacts |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vuyuda-ntiyela byi pfumela leswaku Tora na nawu wa xiyuda swa kwetsima, iswa hilaha kunga heriki naswona aswi cinceki, naswona swi fanela ku landzeleriwa hilaha ku heleleke. Vuyuda bya xikhale byi pfumela eka ku landzelela vuyuda bya ndzhavuko, kasi vuyuda lebyi pfuxetiweke, byi pfumela leswaku nawu wa xiyuda ahi xikolokolo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reform Judaism&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/denominations/reform.htm |title=Reform Judaism |publisher=ReligionFacts |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22 |archive-date=2015-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403051849/http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/denominations/reform.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;What is Reform Judaism?&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://reformjudaism.org/whatisrj.shtml |title=What is Reform Judaism? |publisher=Reformjudaism.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22 |archive-date=2012-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910090427/http://reformjudaism.org/whatisrj.shtml |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; hikuya hi matimu akuri na tihuvo ta nawu wa xiyuda, kambe masku lawa ku pfumeriwa leswaku vuyuda imhaka yo tilangela.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica Online Encyclopedia: Bet Din&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/63134/bet-din |title=Britannica Online Encyclopedia: Bet Din |publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vayuda byi ya hi ntlawa wa rixaka naswona byi hlanganisa na lava hundzukelaka eka vukhongeri lebyi. Hi lembe ra 2015, ntsengo wa mayuda emisaveni awu kombeteriwa kwalomu ka 14.3 wa timiliyoni emisaveni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WJP2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=World Jewish Population 2015|url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/Studies/details.cfm?StudyID=803|accessdate=8 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwalomu ka 43% wa mayuda makumeka e tikweni ra Israyeli kasi ti n'wana tiphesenti ta 43% ta mayuda makumela e Amerikha na Khanada, kasi lava saleke vakumeka eka matiko-nkulu man'wana.

== Mintshaho ==
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      <text bytes="4640" sha1="jpt4zj0cwvx0co3vepynlqfsx1fg3qp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Aum Om navy blue circle coral.svg|thumb|200x200px|Mfungo wa vukhongeri bya Vuhindu]]
[[File:Shiva_Bangalore_.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Xifaniso xa xikwembu Shiva.]]

'''Vuhindu''' i vukhongeri, kumbe ndlela ya vutomi, leyi landzeleriwaka etikweni-nkulu ra Indiya. Vuhindi byi vuriwa vukhongeri bya khale kutlula hinkwabyo emisaveni,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Kurien | first=Prema | title=Multiculturalism and American Religion: The Case of Hindu Indian Americans| journal=Social Forces | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | volume=85 | issue=2 | year=2006 | pages=723–741 | doi=10.1353/sof.2007.0015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| author=FL Bakker| title= Balinese Hinduism and the Indonesian State: Recent Developments| journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde|year=1997| volume=Deel 153, 1ste Afl.|pages= 15–41|publisher= Brill|jstor= 27864809}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona vadyondzeki van'wana va byi vula ''Sanātana Dharma'', &quot;Ndzhavuko wa hilaha kunga heriki,&quot; kumbe &quot;Ndlela ya hilaha kunga heriki,&quot; kumbe hala ka matimu ya vanhu. Van'wana vadyondzeki va vona vuhindu byiri mfanganyo wa mindzhavuko yo hambana hambana ya xi Indiya, leyi ngana timintsu leti rharhanganeke.

Hambileswi vuhindi byi ngana tifilosofi to hambana hambana, byi hlanganisiwa hi tindlela to fana, minkhuvo yo fana, ntivo tinyeleti, mapfumba yo ya eka tindhawu to kwetsima. Matsalwa ya vuhindu mahleriwe hi Shruti (&quot;Lama twiwaka&quot;) na Smriti (&quot;Lama tsundzukiwaka&quot;). Matsalwa lawa ma hlahluva Vukhongeri, Filosofi, Switori swa khale, vutiolori, ku encisa na ku aka titempele ta vukhongeri. Matsalwa lama kulu mahlanganisa Vedas na Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, na Agamas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Survey of Hinduism|last=Klostermaier|first=Klaus|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0791470824|edition=3rd|location=|pages=46–52, 76–77|quote=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swihlovo swa vulawuri na mintiyiso ya laha kunga heriki, matlanga xiyenge lexi hlawulekeke, hambileswi kungana ndzavuko lowu tiyeke wo kanetana na vulawuri, leswaku va entisa kutwisisa mintiyiso no dnlandlamuxa ndzhavuko.

Tidyondzo-nkulu eka vupfumeri bya vuhindu byi hlanganisa ma Puruṣārthas ya mune, minkutlunya ya vutomi, kunga Dharma (Matikhomele/Vutihlamuleri), Artha (Kuhumelela/Ntirho), Kama (Kunavela/Kunyanyuka) na Moksha (Ku kutsula/Ntshuxeko/Kuponisiwa);&lt;ref name=&quot;Bilimoria 2007 p. 103&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indian Ethics: Classical Traditions and Contemporary Challenges|last=|first=|publisher=|year=2007|isbn=|editor-last=Bilimoria et al.|location=|pages=103|quote=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; karma (Swiendlo, xikongomelo na mbuyelo), samsara (Ndzendzeleko wa ku tswariwa nakambe), na Yoga (Tindlela kumbe maendlelo yo kuma moksha). minkhuvo ya vuhindi yi hlanganisa puja (vugandzeri) na swivulavuleri, kuehleketisisa, mindzhavuko ya muti yo kurisa vana, minkhuvo ya lembe, na mapfumba yo hambana hambana. Vahindu van'wana va sukela vutomi bya vona na swilo swavona, leswku va sungula eka Sannyasa (vugandzeri bya ximunhu) bya vutomi bya vona hinkwabyo leswaku va kuma Moksha. Vuhindu byi lava vutihlamuleri bya hilaha kunga heriki, kufana na kuvulavula ntiyiso, kunga vavisi swilo leswi hanyaka (ahimsa), kulehisa mbilu, kutikhoma, na ntwela vusiwana eka vanhu van'wana.

Vuhindu ivukhongeri bya vunharhu hi vukulu emisaveni, naswona byina kwalomu ka biliyoni ya valandzeri lava tiviwaka hi vahindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape-hindu.aspx|title=The Global Religious Landscape - Hinduism|last=|first=|date=|publisher=Pew Research Foundation|work=A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010|accessdate=31 March 2013|archive-date=6 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506104814/http://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape-hindu.aspx|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gordonconwell.edu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf|title=Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact|publisher=gordonconwell.edu|date=January 2015|accessdate=2015-05-29|archive-date=2017-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141543/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vahindi va tata nhlayo ya va aka tiko va le matikweni ya Indiya, Nepal, Morixiyasi na xihlala xa Bali e Indonexiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-hindu/|title=Hindus|date=18 December 2012|work=Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project|accessdate=14 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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'''Vubhuda''' i vukhongeri na ndlela yavutomi leyi hlanganisaka mindzhavuko, vupfumeri na vumoya lebyi tshegeriweke eka tidyondzo ta Bhuda. Vubhuda byi sukela eka Indiya wa khale exikarhi ka malembe xidzana ya vuntsevu (6) na vumnune (4), laha byi hangalakeke eka tiko-nkulu ra Axiya, endzhaku ku swona byi hungukeke e Indiya. Marhavi lama kulu ya Vubhuda i: Theravada (Pali: &quot;Xikolo xa vakulu&quot;) na Mahayana (Sanskrit: &quot;Golonyi leyi kulu&quot;). Vubhuda i vukhongeri bya vumune lebyi kulu emisaveni, naswona byina kwalomu ka 500 watimiliyoni ta valandzeri lava tiviwaka hi Mabhuda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=[[Pew Research Center]]|first=|authorlink=|title=Global Religious Landscape: Buddhists|publisher=Pew Research Center|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-buddhist/|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gordonconwell.edu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf|title=Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact|publisher=gordonconwell.edu|date=January 2015|accessdate=2015-05-29|archive-date=2017-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141543/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swikolo swa fipfumelo ra vubhuda, swi hambana hi tinhlamuselo ka ndlela yo ya enkutsulweni, nkoka wa matsalwa yo kwetsima, na magandzelele ya kona. Magandzelele ya vubhuda mahlanganisa ku tumbela eka bhuda, Dharma na Sangha, ku hlahluva matswalwa, kulandzelela kutikhoma lokunene, ku ala ku navela, ku tidyondzisa ku encisa, kuhlakulela vuthlarhi, vunene; rirhandzu na ntwela vusiwana, Swiendlo swa vaMahayana swa bodhicitta na Vajrayana swa masungulo kumbe kuhetiseka.

Eka Theravada, nkutlunya lowu kulu iku hetisisa'' kleshas'' na kufikelela ndzhawu leyi nene ya Nirvana, leswi kumekaka hi ku landzelela ndlela leyi nene ya swiyenge swa nhungu (leyi thlelaka yitiviwa tani hi ndlela yale xikarhi), hindlela yeleyo, vakota ku papalata ndzendzeleko wa ku xaniseka. Theravada yina valandzeri votala eXrilanka na Axiya wale dzongeni.

Mahayana, lebyi hlanganisaka mindzhavuko yale tikweni ra Pure, Zen, Nichireni, Xinghoni na Tayitayi, byi kumeka e vuxeni bya Axiya. kuhambana na Nivhana, vuMahayana byi lava ku fikelela ndlela ya bodhisattva, vuyimo lebyi munhu a tsamaka eka ndzendzeleko wa kutswariwa leswaku vapfuna van'wana ku fikelela kuxalamuka.

vuVajrayana, i tidyondzo leti landzeleriwaka hi va Indiya vale Sidha, naswona byi voniwa tani hi rhavi ravunharhu bya vubhuda. Vubhuda bya le Thibheti, lebyi landzelelaka tidyondzo ta Vajrayana, naswona byi landzeleriwa ngopfu e tindzhawini ta Himalaya, Mongholiya na Kalmykiya.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Candles in the Dark: A New Spirit for a Plural World&quot; by Barbara Sundberg Baudot, p305&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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      <text bytes="2811" sha1="get7fsbpz6nec2j9iqzaknxrha6n7fy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Philbar 3.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Van'wa Filosofi lava tivekaka]]

'''Ntivo-vuhleketi''' (kusuka eka Xigriki {{Lang|grc|φιλοσοφία}}, ''philosophia'', leswi vulaka &quot;Kurhandza vuthlarhi&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;biblehub.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Strong's Greek Dictionary 5385|url=http://biblehub.com/greek/5385.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oed.com2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/142505?rskey=WbBDMG&amp;result=1&amp;isAdvanced=false#eid|title=Home : Oxford English Dictionary|work=oed.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;) i tidyondzo ta mintlimbo leyi yelanaka na [[vutomi]], [[vutivi]], miehleketo na tindzimi.&lt;ref&gt;[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.C._Grayling A.C. Grayling], ''Philosophy 1: A Guide through the Subject'' (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 1: &quot;The aim of philosophical inquiry is to gain insight into questions about knowledge, truth, reason, reality, meaning, mind, and value.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Rito leri ringava risimekiwe hi Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BCE). Maendlele ya [[Filosofi]] mahlanganisa kuvutisa, kuvulavurisana loku enteke, minjekanjekiswano yo vulavula na mavekele ya timhaka hi ku ololoka. Swivutiso swa Filosofi swakhale swi hlanganisa: Xana swakoteka ku tiva nchumu wokarhi uthlela usekela vutivi byebyo?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/skepcont/|title=Contemporary Skepticism Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|website=www.iep.utm.edu|access-date=25 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Incini lexi ngakona hakunene? Hambi swiritano, vafilosofa vanga ha vutisa swivutiso lesw khomekaka swofana na: Xana hiyona ndlela leyi nene yo hanya? Xana swa antswa ku lulama kumbe ku homboloka?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.html|title=The Internet Classics Archive {{!}} The Republic by Plato|website=classics.mit.edu|access-date=25 April 2016|archive-date=11 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411054817/http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xana vanhu vana kuti langela loku ntsuxekeke?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/freewill/|title=Free Will Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|website=www.iep.utm.edu|access-date=25 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hikuya himatimu, &quot;Ntivo-vuhleketi&quot; yi hlanganisa vutivi hinkwabyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto23&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&amp;search=philosophy|title=Philosophy|date=|website=www.etymonline.com|publisher=Online Etymological Dictionary|access-date=19 March 2016|quote=The English word &quot;philosophy&quot; is first attested to c. 1300, meaning &quot;knowledge, body of knowledge.&quot;|author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusukela eka nkarhi wa khale ka n'wa Ntivo-vuhleketi wa mugriki Aristotle ku fikela eka lembe xidzana ra vu 19, &quot;Ntivo-vuhleketi ya ntumbuluko&quot; yihlanganise Ntivo-tinyeleti, Vutshunguri na Fiziksi. 

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Vutivi</title>
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      <comment>nga lavekiki</comment>
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      <text bytes="2097" sha1="qasprguizr9tbyqv6ri12hbx8m5s28b" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Knowledge-Reid-Highsmith.jpeg|thumb|200x200px|''Vutivi''(1896). Mpfapfarhuto wa Robert Reid, lowu kumekaka e Washington DC.]]

'''Vutivi''' i ku twisisa munhu kumbe xilo xo karhi, kufana na timhaka, vuxokoxoko, nhlamuselo, kumbe [[vutshila]], lebyi kumekaka hi kutokota kubye kudyondza hi ku vona, kutsumbula kumbe kulerha. 

Vutivi byi nga hlamusela kutwisisa ko ehleketa kumbe ko endla eka mhaka yokarhi. Byi nga va vutivi byo khomeka (kufana na vutshila byokarhi) kumbe bya miehleketo; byi ngava byo yelana kumbe byo kongoma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_us1261368#m_en_us1261368|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714023323/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_us1261368|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2010-07-14|title=knowledge: definition of knowledge in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)|work=oxforddictionaries.com|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka [[Filosofi]], ku dyondziwa tindlela to hlahluva vutivi, ka mufilosofa Plato, yena uhlamusele vutivi kuri &quot;Ripfumelo leri ngana xisekelo&quot;, hambileswi kungana ku hambana ka mavonele eka nhlamuselo leyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Boghossian on Justification&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|publisher=Clarendon Press|publication-place=Oxford, UK|author=Paul Boghossian|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/fear-of-knowledge-9780199230419?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;|title=Fear of Knowledge: Against relativism and constructivism|publication-date=2007}}, Chapter 7, pp. 95–101.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ku hlengeleta vutivi, swihlanganisa matirhisele ya mihleketo lama rharhanganeke: kutwisisa, kuvulavula, na ku hlamusela;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Dekel|first=Gil|title=Methodology|url=http://www.insight.poeticmind.co.uk/8-methodology-pt-2-of-2/|access-date=3 July 2006|archive-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215123554/http://www.insight.poeticmind.co.uk/8-methodology-pt-2-of-2/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; hihala thlelo vutivi byithlela byi vuriwa kukota ku twisisa eka [[vanhu]].&lt;ref&gt;Stanley Cavell, &quot;Knowing and Acknowledging&quot;, ''Must We Mean What We Say?'' &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Mihleketo</title>
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      <text bytes="2175" sha1="1emktlfc93p1doeruldooe9xx40sp4i" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Phrenology1.jpg|thumb|235x235px|Khale ka mepe wa byongo.&lt;ref&gt;Oliver Elbs, ''Neuro-Esthetics: Mapological foundations and applications (Map 2003)'', (Munich 2005)&lt;/ref&gt;  Mepe lowu a wuringeta ku yelanisa matirhele ya byongo na tindzhawu ta byongo.]]

'''Mihleketo''' inxaxamelo wa vuswikoti byo twisisa bya mabyongo, kuhlanganisa na kutitiva, ku [[Mi anakanyo|anakanya]], ku avanyisa na kutsundzuka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mind|title=mind - definition of mind in English Oxford Dictionaries|website=Oxford Dictionaries English|access-date=2017-05-08|archive-date=2017-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819231304/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mind|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; mihleketo yi kota kutswisisa, kulorha, ku tlangela, naswona yithlela yi kota ku tiva matitwele ya hina, lama yisaka eku endleni swilo swokarhi.Kuna ndzhavuko woleha eka Filosofi, vukhongeri na sayensi ya kutwisisa, mayelana na leswi akaka miehleketo ku hlanganisa na swihlawulekisi swa yona.

Xivutiso lexi saleke hi ta mihleketo, i xivutiso xa miri na miehleketo, lexi kambisisaka vuxaka eka mihleketo na byongo bya munhu. Eka nguva ya khale kunga si sungula Sayensi, aku tshembiwa leswaku vumbirhi bya munhu, laha aku pfumeriwa leswaku mihleketo ahi ya nyama.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mindware|last=Clark|first=Andy|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-982815-9|location=198 Madison Avenue, New York, 10016|pages=14, 254-256|quote=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masiku lawa kupfumeriwa leswaku mihleketo yi yelana na matshamele ya byongo.&lt;ref&gt;Smart, J. J. C., &quot;The Mind/Brain Identity Theory&quot;, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.&lt;/ref&gt; Xin'wana xivutiso hileswaku xana swi vumbiwa swin'wana naswona swina mihleketo kumbe kova vanhu ntsena vanga vuswikoti lebyi.

Kunga khatariseki ntumbuluko wa mihleketo, ku pfumeriwa leswaku imihleketo leyi endlaka leswaku xivumbiwa xi titiva no tiva mbangu wa xona, kutwisisa no hlamula eka switwi leswi rhendzeleke, kuhlanganisa na kutwisisa na kutwa.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Matikhomele</title>
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'''Matikhomele''' kumbe '''Filosofi ya Matikhomele''' i rhavi ra Filosofi leri hlanganisaka kulongoloxa, kusirhelela, na ku hlohlotela matikhomele lamanene kumbe yobiha.&lt;ref name=&quot;iep.utm.edu&quot;&gt;''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' [http://www.iep.utm.edu/ethics/ &quot;Ethics&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; Rito Matikhomele kumbe (ethikos), risuka eka (ethos) leswi vulaka &quot;ntolovelo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House_Unabridged_Dictionary Random House Unabridged Dictionary]'': [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/axiology Entry on Axiology.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Tani hirhavi ra Filosofi, matikhomele mahlahluva swivutiso leswinge &quot;Heyihi ndlela leyi antswaka kuhanya ha yona?&quot; naswona &quot;Hiswihi swi endlo leswi nene na leswo biha?&quot; Hi kukongoma matikhomelo indlela yo tlantla swivutiso swo fana na vunene na vubhihi, vululami na vuhomboloki. 

Marhavi lamanharhu eka matikhomele i:
# Masungulo ya Matikhomelo, mahlahluva nhlamuselo matikhomele na ntiyiso.
# Matikhomelo ya ntolovelo, mahlahluva ndlela yo langa matikhomele.
# Kutirhisa Matikhomele, mahlahluva ndlela leyi munhu a pfumelelaka ku tikhoma hayona.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Rikhotso</title>
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| name                  = Rikhotso
| title                 = 
| image                 = [[File:Coats of arms of None.svg||125px]]
| caption               = 
| reign                 = Rikhotso
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Bushbuckridge]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Maputo]]{{·}}[[Magudu]]{{·}} [[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Hokwe]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini               =  &lt;small&gt;[[Malelane]]{{·}}[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe              =  
| Ntlawa                = Djonga
}}

=== Matimu ya muti ===
Tani hi tsalwa ra Junod, va ka Rikhotso i vanhu la va tumbulukeke eka xitiko xa ka Khosa. Fungwe hosinkulu ya ka Khosa u velekile majaha manharhu. Mavatlo , Ngwenya na yena Rivisi. Rivisi loyi hi yena loyii a nga hundzuluxa vito ra kwe ri suka ka Rivisi ku ya ka Rikhotso.

== Rhavi e ka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==
Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Rikhotso, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va djonga va Vahlavi''' e ka rixaka ra Vatsonga.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
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'''Vunjhiniyera''' i ndlela yo tirhisa [[tinhlayo]], ku hlanganisa na vutivi bya [[Sayensi]], [[ikhonomi]], [[nhlangano wa vanhu]] na vutivi bya vutomi bya siku na siku ku tsumbula, ku aka, ku hlayisa, kulavisisa na antswisa mathulusi, michini, swiyimiso na mihlangano.

Tidyondzo ta vunjhiniyera ti aname ngopfu naswona tikhumba swiyenge swa tidyondzo leti hlawulekeke ta vunjhiniyera na Sayensi hi ku angarhela.

Rito vunjhiniyera, ritekiwa risuka eka rito ra Xilatini'' ingenium'', leswivulaka &quot;Kuthlariha&quot; na  ''ingeniare'', leswivulaka &quot;ku vumba, swilo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=About IAENG|url=http://www.iaeng.org/about_IAENG.html|website=iaeng.org|publisher=International Association of Engineers|accessdate=17 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ==
Huvo ya tinjhiniyera ta le [[Amerikha]] (ECPD)&lt;ref name=&quot;ABET History&quot;&gt;[http://www.abet.org/History/ ABET History]&lt;/ref&gt; yi hlamusela vunjhiniyera hindlela leyi:&lt;blockquote class=&quot;&quot;&gt;Ndlela yo thlariha ya ku tirhisa mikhuva na maendlela ya Sayensi, ku hlela na ku kunguhata swi ako, michini, switirhisiwa, na maendlel ya minchumu, kuya hi kutirhisa ndlela yin'we kumbe mpfangano wa tindlela na minchumu, kumbe ku aka na kutirhisa nchumu kuya hi makunguhatelo yo karhi; kumbe ku vhumba matirhele ya nchumu kumbe xiyimiso xokarhi; hikwaswo kuya hi makungahatele na swilaveko swa matirhisele ya kona, kikuya hi chicha swilaveko swa matirhisele naswona ku sirheleriwa vutomi na nhundzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ECPD Canons&quot;&gt;[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/26393909&amp;referer=brief_results Engineers' Council for Professional Development. (1947).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123703/http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/26393909%26referer%3Dbrief_results |date=2007-09-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ECPD Definition on Britannica&quot;&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/technology/engineering Engineers' Council for Professional Development definition on Encyclopædia Britannica] (Includes Britannica article on Engineering)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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  <page>
    <title>Inthaneti</title>
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      <text bytes="1940" sha1="2xqee43ae8gzymjxwywiuvp3tmv9my9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:PikiWiki Israel 32304 The Internet Messenger by Buky Schwartz.JPG|thumb|''Murhumiwa wa inthaneti'' hi Buky Schwartz, xikumeka eHolon, e tikweni ra Israyele]]

'''Inthaneti''' i xiyimiso xa nxaxamelo wa [[Khompuyuta|tikhompuyuta]] leti khwekelaneke emisaveni hinkwayo naswona tikarhi titirhisa [[ririmi]] ra tikhomuyuta leri fanaka ra TCP/IP ku hlangana no phakela marungula. Inhlangano wa swiyimiso leswi hlanganisaka tihulumnendhe, tindzawulo ta lerivaleni, tikhampani ta xihundla, tindzhawu ta vuleteri emisaveni hinkwayo leti hlanganisiwaka hi tingoti ta gezi, kumbe [[thekinoloji]] ya vuhaxi bya moya, kumbe vuhaxi bya [[rivoningo]]. Inthaneti yi rhwele swisaka swa vuxokoxoko na vukorhokeri, tani hi matswalwa lama hlanganisiweke eka inthaneti, vulwembu bya inthaneti bya [[misava]] (www), poso ya inthaneti, rinqingo ra inthaneti na kuavelana hi tifayili eka inthaneti.

Masungulo ya inthaneti mathlelela eka ndzavisiso lowu simekiweke hi [[hulumendhe]] ya [[Amerikha]] eka malembe ya va 1960, leswaku ku akiwa ndlela yo avelana vuxokoxoko no vulavurisana hikutirhisa nhlangano lowu rharhanganeke wa tikhompuyuta.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_ipto.htm &quot;IPTO -- Information Processing Techniques Office&quot;], ''The Living Internet'', Bill Stewart (ed), January 2000.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku khwekerisiwa ka tikhompuyuta ta van'wamabinzu hi malembe ya 1990, swi sungule pfumba ro ndlandlamuxa inthaneti ya masiku lawa,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nethistory.info/History%20of%20the%20Internet/origins.html &quot;So, who really did invent the Internet?&quot;] &lt;/ref&gt; naswona swi thlonthle kundlandlamuka ka yona laha tindzawulo tin'wana na vanhu lava tolovelekeke na tikhompuyuta leti khomekaka ti khwekerisiweke eka inthaneti. Kute loko ku fika malembe ya 2000, tithekinoloji na vukorhokeri bya inthaneti anase byi nghenisiwile eka swiyenge hinkwaswo swa vutomi bya namunhtla.

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Khompuyuta</title>
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      <text bytes="3746" sha1="jtxc5ymm2mx0pgb272v5bcog6g1mmcc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Acer Aspire 8920 Gemstone.jpg|thumb|Muxaka wa khompuyuta yo khomeka, yithlela yi khotseka]]
'''Khompuyuta''' i muchini lowu leteriwaka to endla tinhlayo na swileriso hixinkarhana. Vuswikoti bya tikhomupyuta ku landzelela ndzayo na swileriso swo karhi hi ku longoloka, swi vuriwa Phurogiramu. Tikhompuyuta teleto titirhisiwa tanihi swiyimiso swa vulawuri eka mintirho yotala eti nkomponini to tala, nale ka michini leyi tirhisiwaka hi mani namani. Leswi swi hlanganisa michini yo toloveleka tani hi yo kufumeta swakudya, tirhimoti, tirhobhoto tale tinkomponi, kukunguhata hi ku tirhisa tikhompuyuta, na tifoni tale phakidini.  Kasi na [[Inthaneti]] nayona yi fambisiwa hi ti khompuyuta leti khwekelaka na vulavurisana na timiliyoni ta tikhompuyuta tin'wana emisaveni.

Kusukela khale ka khaleni, michini yo toloveleka ayitirhisiwa kufana na vuhlalu leswaku ku hlayeleriwa habyona. Ekusunguleni ka nguva ya tinkomponi, michini ya tinsimbhi a yitirhisiwa ku endla mintirho yo rharhangana ku fana na ku kongomisa neyithi leyi rhungaka.  Michini leyi rharhanganeke ya gezi yi akiwile na swona yi pfunete ku endla tinhlayo to hambana hambana eka lembe xidzana ra vu 20.  Michini yo sungula ya [[gezi]] leyi thlariheke yi sungule ku tirhisiwa hinkarhi wa [[nyimpi ya misava ya vumbirhi]]. Rivilo, matimba na ku olova ka matirhisele ya tikhompuyuta leti, ma kurile hi ku hatlisa loku kulu kusukela kwalano.

Hakanyingi, khompuyuta yina mbilu yin'we leyi kotaka ku endla tinhlayo (CPU), yithlela yiva na ndlela yo vekisa vuxokoxoko no byi tsundzuka. Mbilu ya khompuyuta yi kota ku endla tinhlayo to lova, yikota ku langa eka switandzaku swimbirhi, yithlela yi kota ku longoloxa no lawula mafambisele na matirhele yo karhi hikuya hi vuxokoxoko lebyi vekisiweke. Michumu yin'wana leyi tirhisiwaka na mbilu ya khompuyuta yi fana na minchumu yo letela (Bhodo yo thlava marito, Kondlo ro kongomisa, naswin'wana), Minchumu yo kombisa mbuyelo (Xikrini xa khompuyuta, na michini yo gandlisa). Michumu leyi tirhisiwaka na khompuyuta yo endla leswaku vuxokoxoko byi kota ku nghenisiwa eka khompuyuta no hlantiwa hilaha ku fanaka.

== Masungulo ==
Hikuya hi ''Oxford Dictionary'', matirhisele yo sungula ya rito &quot;Khompuyuta&quot; akuri hi lembe ra 1613 eka buku ya xinghezi leyinge ''The Yong Mans Gleanings'' leyi tsariweke hi Richard Braithwait: &quot;Ndzi vile khompuyuta leyinene ya minkarhi, na n'watinhlayo lonkulu, naswona ndzi chiche masiku ya wena mava nomboro ntsena.&quot; Leswi aswi hlamusela munhu loyi a a tirha ku hlaya tinomboro. Rito leri riyile emahlweni ri tirhisiwa hi nhlamuselo leyi ku kondza eka malembe xidzana ya vu 20. Kusukela eka malembe xidzana ya vu 19, rito khompuyuta a ritirhiseriwa kuvula muchini lowu kotaka ku bha tinhlayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;OEDComputer&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=computer, ''n.''|series=Oxford English Dictionary|url=http://dictionary.oed.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|edition=2|year=1989|accessdate=10 April 2009|ref=harv|archive-date=25 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625103623/http://dictionary.oed.com/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Online Etymology Dictionary'' yi pfumelana na matirhisele ya rito leringe Khu=ompuyuta hi malembe ya 1940, kuhlamusela &quot;loyi a bhaka tinhlayo&quot;, naswona yihlamusela leswaku matirhisele ya rito raku &quot;muchini wabha tinhlayo&quot; risukela eka malembe ya 1897. Kasi yithlela yihlamusela leswaku matirhisele ya manguva lawa ya rito khompuyuta masukela eka malembe ya 1945, naswona ama kongomisiwa eka muchini wa Turing.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=computer|title=computer (n.)|website=Online Etymology Dictionary}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Sayensi]]
[[Category:Thekinoloji]]
[[Category:Inthaneti]]
[[Category:Khompuyuta]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vutleketli</title>
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      <text bytes="3156" sha1="0o3ew3rvff8u9ofolzmpflov8qnek3q" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Airfrance.a318-100.f-guga.arp.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Xihahampfhuka xale [[France|Furhwa]], xiphatsama eHeathrow]]

'''Vutleketli''' i kufambafamba ka vanhu, swiharhi na tinhundzu kusuka endzhawini yokarhi kuya eka yin'wana. mixaka ya swavutleketli yihlanganisa, [[swihahampfhuka]],&lt;ref&gt;Bardi, Coyle and Novack, 2006: 158&lt;/ref&gt; [[switimela]],&lt;ref name=cooper277&gt;Cooper ''et al.'', 1998: 277&lt;/ref&gt; [[Movha|mimovha]]&lt;ref&gt;
Clifford Winston, ''Last Exit: Privatization and Deregulation of the U.S. Transportation System'' (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2010).
&lt;/ref&gt; naswin'wana na swin'wana. Tavutleketli tinga hambanisiwa hikuya hi maakele ya swilo swo famba hiswona na vukorhokeri lebyi yelanaka. Vutleketli ibyankoka swinene hikuva byi endla leswaku vanhu vakota ku xaviselana tinhundzu, leswinga swa nkoka eka [[nhluvuko|nhluvuko wa vanhu]].

Swiakiwo swa vutleketli swihlanganisa, magondzo, tinjhanjhi, vuphatsami bya swihahampfhuka, Ribuwa ra switimela swa mati, switchi swa mabhazi, tindzhawu to hlayisa nhundzu, tindzawu to xavisa mafurha ya movha, na tin'wana tindzhawu leti yelanaka. Switichi leswi swingaha thlela switirhisiwa ku cinca vakhandziyi, nhundzu kumbe ku lunghisa swifambo.

Kasi vukorhokeri byi hlanganisa tindlela to fambisa swifambo swa vutleketli, milawu leyi faneke ku landzeleriwa na vulawuri bya swa vutleketli.

Gondzo i ndlela leyi tiviwaka, ndlela kumbe ndlela leyi nga exikarhi ka tindhawu timbirhi kumbe ku tlula.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Major Roads of the United States |publisher=United States Department of the Interior |date=2006-03-13 |url=http://nationalatlas.gov/mld/roadtrl.html |access-date=24 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413153426/http://www.nationalatlas.gov/mld/roadtrl.html |archive-date=13 April 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ntolovelo magondzo ya rhetela, ya ri ni xikontiri kumbe hi ndlela yin’wana ya lunghiseleriwa ku pfumelela ku famba hi ku olova;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Road Infrastructure Strategic Framework for South Africa |publisher=National Department of Transport (South Africa) |url=http://www.transport.gov.za/library/docs/rifsa/infor.html |access-date=24 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927063243/http://www.transport.gov.za/library/docs/rifsa/infor.html |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; hambi leswi ya nga laviki ku va tano, naswona hi matimu magondzo yo tala a ku ri tindlela leti tivekaka ntsena leti nga riki na ku akiwa kumbe ku hlayisiwa ka ximfumo. Eka tindzhawu ta le madorobeni, magondzo yanga hundza hi doroba kumbe ximutana naswona ya thyiwa mavito tani hi switarata, ya tirha ntirho wa vumbirhi tani hi urban space easement na ndlela.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=What is the difference between a road and a street? |work=Word FAQ |publisher=Lexico Publishing Group |year=2007 |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/help/faq/language/d01.html |access-date=24 March 2007 |archive-date=5 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405124704/http://dictionary.reference.com/help/faq/language/d01.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minthsaho ==
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[[Category:Vutleketli]]
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    <title>Vurimi</title>
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      <text bytes="4350" sha1="q50qlh2phol110efdi5n443gojm8efw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chvojnica_hills_near_Unin.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Nsimu yale Záhorie (Slovakiya)]]
[[File:Sheep_and_cow_in_South_Africa.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Tinyimpfu na tihomu tiri karhi tidya swin'we e [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]]]]

'''Vurimi''' kumbe kurima i kuhlakula swimilana na ku fuwa swiharhi leswkau switadyiwa, kutirhisiwa eka swiambalo, mafurha, vutshunguri naswin'wana swilo leswitirhisiwaka ku hlayisa vutomi bya vanhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Office1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Safety and health in agriculture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtBa6XIW_aQC&amp;pg=PA77|year=1999|publisher=International Labour Organization|isbn=978-92-2-111517-5|pages=77–|accessdate=13 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vurimi tlange xiyege xa nkoka swinene eku humeleriseni nhlangano na nhluvuko wa vanhu, laha ku fuwa swiharhi ku vangeke ntalo wa swakudya hithlelo swi hlohlotela nhluvuko wa vanhu. Tidyondzo ta vurimi titiviwa hi Sayensi ya Vurimi. Matimu ya vutivi bya vurimi, ya sukela ekule ngopfu naswona vutivi lebyi byi khumbiwe ngopfu hi tinguva leti hambaneke, [[Ndzhavuko|mindzhavuko]] leyi hambaneke na [[Thekinoloji|tithekinoloji]] leti hambaneke.

Vurimi bya manguva lawa byi katsa kurima hikuya hintalo wa swimilana, kuhlanganisa ka timbewu, kutirhisiwa ka mirhi yo kurisa swimilana, mirhi yo tshungula swifuwo na kuya mahlweni ka tithekinoloji tin'wana, swi pfune ku tlakusa ntshovelo, kambe hila thlelo swivanga mavambyi na ku onha mbangu. Kutirhisa mbewu leyi khotsiweke, swisungula ku tala ngopfu, hambi leswi swinga yirisiwa ematikweni man'wana. Ntshovelo wa swakudya na matirhisele ya mati iswin'wana swiphiqo leswikulu emisaveni. 

Kwalomu ka un'we eka vanhu vanharhu emisaveni, vathoriwe no tirha eka vukorhokeri bya vurimi, naswona kulandzela ntirho wa vukorhokeri, hambi leswi kungana ku hunguteka ka vatirhi va tavurimi ematikweni ya vupela dyambu.

== Masungulo ==
Rito ''vurimi (agriculture)'' impfangayo ma marito ya Xilatina (''agricultūra)'', kusuka eka ''ager'', &quot;nsimu&quot;, na ''cultūra'', &quot;kuhlakula&quot; kumbe &quot;kukurisa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|page=14|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Word Histories|editor=Chantrell, Glynnis|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=0-19-863121-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vurimi hakanyingi byi hlamusela ntirho lowu endliwaka hi vanhu, hambileswi ntirho lowu wuxiyiweke eka swiharhi swofana na Vusokoti, muhlwa na swin'wana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152626 |title=The Evolution of Agriculture in Insects |journal=Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics |volume=36 |pages=563–95|date=December 2005 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152626 |author1=Ulrich G. Mueller |author2=Nicole M. Gerardo |author3=Duur K. Aanen |author4=Diana L. Six |author5=Ted R. Schultz }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kurima swivula kutirhisa switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko ku &quot;hlakula no kurisa minchumu leyi hlayisaka vutomi, kuhlanganisa swakudya, vungoti, timhadzi na swin'wana leswi thsoveriwaka.&quot; Hlamuselo lowu wu hlanganisa ku rima na ku fuma swiharhi na ku kurisa mirhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maine&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.maine.gov/education/aged/definition.html|title=Definition of Agriculture|publisher=State of Maine|accessdate=6 May 2013|archive-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323075557/http://www.maine.gov/education/aged/definition.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Minkarhi yin'wana kuhambanisiwa vurimi na ku byala mirhi ya timhadzi, hikwalaho ka leswi mirhi yatimhadzi yitekaka malembe ku kula. Hambiswiritano kupfumerowa leswaku kuna kufana kokarhi eka mintirho leyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|pages=15–16|url=https://books.google.com/?id=VMw9VcLT-FYC&amp;pg=PA15&amp;lpg=PA15 |title=Forestry Research: A Mandate for Change |author=Committee on Forestry Research, National Research Council&lt;!--that's one body--&gt; |publisher=National Academies Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-309-04248-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80364e/80364E04.htm#Agro-forestry%20and%20forest%20laws,%20policies,%20and%20customs |chapter=Applicability of agro-forestry systems |author=Budowski, Gerardo |publisher=United Nations University |title=Agro-forestry in the African Humid Tropics |editor=MacDonald, L.H. |year=1982 |isbn=92-808-0364-6 |accessdate=17 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minthsaho ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
[[Category:Vurimi]]
[[Category:Sayensi]]</text>
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    <title>Tinkomponi</title>
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'''Nkomponi''' itindzhawu to endla tinhundzu na vukorhokeri lebyi yelanaka hixitalo endzeni ka [[ikhonomi]] ya [[tiko]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/industry Industry | Define Industry at Dictionary.com] {{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/industry|title='Definition of Industry'|date=2014-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swihlovo swotala swa mbuyelo eka [[mabhinzu]] hi laha tikomponi tavona tisimekiweke kona na tinhudzu leti ti endliwaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/industry.asp|title='Definition of Industry' Investopedia|deadurl=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722093616/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/industry.asp|archivedate=2017-07-22|df=|access-date=2017-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkomponi yo edla tinhundzu hi yona komponi leyi vaka ya nkoka eku endleni mintirho yo tala etikweni-nkulu ra [[Yuropa]] na [[Amerikha]] ya N'walungu hi tinguva ta kusungula ka tinkomponi. Leswi swi fambisane na ku antswisiwa ka [[thekinoloji|tithekinoloji]] to fana na ku ceriwa ka nsimbhi na makhala.

Kusukela eka nguva ya kuakiwa ka tinkomponi, kwalomu ka vunharhu bya mbuyelo wa mabindzu ya misava wusekeriwe eka tinkomponi. Matiko yo tala lama hluvukeke matitshege ngopfu eka vukorhokeri na mabindzu ya tinkomponi ta wona. 

== Mintshaho ==
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'''Vuaki''' (Risuka eka rito ra Xilatina ''architectura'', naxigriki ''arkhitekton'', leswivulaka &quot;muaki lonkulu&quot;) indlela na vuxokoxoko byo kunguhata no aka swiakiwo kumbe tiyindlu na swin'wana. Ntirho wavuaki wutikomba eka miako leyi hetiweke tanihi ntiro wavutshila. Mindzhavuko yakhale yitiviwa hikuya hi tindlela tavona to aka na swihondzo kumbe tiyindlu leti hulukeke malembe yotala.

&quot;Ndlela yo aka&quot; yingathlela yivula:
* Ndlela yo hlamusela swiakiwo swo hambana hambana.&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;&gt;''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'' (1993), Oxford, [[ISBN]]|0 19 860575 7&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Vutshila]] na [[sayensi]] yo aka swiakiwo.
* Ndlela ya kuhlela na ku aka&lt;ref&gt;Merriam–Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, [[ISBN]]|0-87779-132-5 or [[ISBN]]|978-0-87779-132-4&lt;/ref&gt;
* Vutivi bya vutshila, Sayensi, thekinoloji, na vanhu.
* Ntirho wa kunguhata wa muaki-nkulu, kusukela eka madorobha lamakulu kuya eka swilo ledswitsongo swo fana na switulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ns.ca/legislature/legc/bills/60th_1st/3rd_read/b115.htm|title=Gov.ns.ca|publisher=Gov.ns.ca|date=|accessdate=2 July 2011|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721200353/http://www.gov.ns.ca/legislature/legc/bills/60th_1st/3rd_read/b115.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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      <text bytes="3505" sha1="0r62i9bvnpm3h4erlc6npbmt4ce8oaj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Liji2.jpg|right|thumb|230x230px|Buku ya mindzhavuko na timfanelo ta xichayina xa khale]]
[[File:LuxorTemple03.jpg|thumb|right|230x230px|Matsalwa ya xi [[Egypt|Egipta]] etempeleni ya Luxor]]
'''Vutsari''', hiku angarhela, mpahla ya matsalwa. Hikukongoma, vutsari i matsalwa lama voniwaka tanihi vutshila naswona mari yankoka, ngopfungopfu hi kutirhisa ririmi leri hambanaka na matirhisele ya siku na siku.

Rimitsu ra rito Vutsari risuka eka rito raxilatini &quot;''literatura''/''litteratura&quot;'' (leri tekiweke eka rito ''littera'': ''letere kumbe'' matsalele) ritirhisiwa ku hlamusela matsalwa hinkwawo, hambi leswi tinhlamusela totala ti hlanganisaka na matsalwa lama vulavuriwaka kumbe kuyimbeleriwa. 

Vutsari byi hambanisiwa hikuya hi [[switori leswi ngariki swa xiviri]], kumbe [[switori swaxiviri]], naswona hi kuya hi vuthlokovetseri kumbe vuthemenderi. Byinga thlela byi hambanisiwa hikuya hi swiyenge leswikulu kufana na Tinovhele, Switori swo koma kumbe Dirama; naswona mintirho leyi ya vutsari yithlela yi hambanisiwa hi tinguva ta matimu kumbe mboyamelo wa matsalwa.

== Nhlamuselo ==
Ikhale vanhu varingeta ku hlamusela &quot;vutsari&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;meyer&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Meyer|first=Jim|title=What is Literature? A Definition Based on Prototypes|journal=Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session|year=1997|volume=41|issue=1|url=http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/linguistics/wp/1997Meyer.htm|accessdate=11 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Simon na Delyse Ryan varingeta kuhlamula xivutiso lexinge  &quot;Vutsari iyini?&quot; hi ku xiya leswilandzelaka:&lt;blockquote class=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Pfhumba ro twisisa nhlamuselo wa &quot;Vutsari&quot;, indlela leyi kandziyiweke ngopfu, hambileswi vugima musi bya kona, abyi anetisi. Tinhlamuselo to tala ito angarhela naswona ticincacinca kuya hi minkarhi.  Kahle kahle, nchumu lowu nga tiyiseka hi nhlamusela wa Vutsari, hileswaku hlamuselo yeloyo yi ta cinca.&lt;ref name=&quot;acu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is Literature?|url=http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/staffhome/siryan/academy/foundation/what_is_literature.htm|work=Foundation: Fundamentals of Literature and Drama|publisher=Australian Catholic University|accessdate=9 February 2014|author=Simon Ryan|author2=Delyse Ryan|archive-date=20 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220034442/http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/staffhome/siryan/academy/foundation/what_is_literature.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Nhlamuselo wa vutsari wu hambana hambana hi kuya hi minkarhi: i &quot;nhlamuselo leyi fambisanaka na [[ndzhavuko]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leitch ''et al.'', ''The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism'', 28&quot;&gt;Leitch ''et al.'', ''The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism'', 28&lt;/ref&gt; Kufikela eka malembe xidzana ya vu 18, e vupela dyambu bya [[Yuropa]], Vutsari abyi hlanganisa tibuku hinkwati na matsalwa hinkwawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leitch ''et al.'', ''The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism'', 28&quot; /&gt; Varhoma hivona va koteke ku tumbuluxa nhlamuselo leyi kongomeke, laha va sunguleke ku hambanisa vutsari elbyi tumbuluxiweke &quot;emiehleketweni&quot; kumbe milorho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ross, The Emergence of Literature: Making and Reading the English Canon in the Eighteenth Century, 406&quot;&gt;Ross, &quot;The Emergence of &quot;Literature&quot;: Making and Reading the English Canon in the Eighteenth Century&quot;, 406&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eagleton, ''Literary theory: an introduction'', 16&quot;&gt;Eagleton, ''Literary theory: an introduction'', 16&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Minthsaho ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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Vuyimbeleri i [[vutshila]] byo hlela mpfumawulo hi ku famba ka nkarhi hi ndlela yo tirhisa mpfumawulo wa miloti, ntwanano, ku cinca - cinca. I xin'wana xa swivumbeko swa mindhavuko ya vanhu [[misava]] hinkwayo. Tinhlamuselo leti  nga toloveleka ta vuyimbeleri ti katsa swilo leswi swi nga toloveleka tanihi ku yimbelela ni ku pfumelelana (leswi lawulaka miloti), mpfumawulo (ni tinhlamuselo ta byona leti yelanaka na phpo, ku famba hi milenge, na vutshila), matimba (ku olova ni ku olova), ni timfanelo ta n'wana ta ku yimbelela ni ku yimbelela (leswi minkarhi yin'wana swi vuriwaka&quot; mpfumawulo wa vuyimbeleri). Vuyimbeleri byo hambana - hambana byi nga ha kandziyisa, kumbe byi susa byin'wana bya byona. Vuyimbeleri byi endliwa hi swichayachayana swo hambana - hambana ni hi marito yo hambana - hambana lama fambisanaka ni vuyimbeleri bya rap; Kuna swiphemu swa marito ntsena (swo tanihi tinsimu leti nga riki na mpfumawulo) na swiphemu leswi hlanganisaka ku yimbelela na swichayachayana. Rito leri ri huma eka rito ra Xigriki leri nge  tshembeka. .C.
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  <page>
    <title>Lwandle</title>
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      <text bytes="1861" sha1="kjq79na6sdd4zlxt397z1env24xtpjz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World_ocean_map.gif|alt=Rotating series of maps showing alternate divisions of the oceans|right|thumb|200x200px|Malwandle ya misava, hiku hamban hambana ka wona.]]

'''Lwandle''' i [[mati]] ya munyu lawa ma hlanganisaka xiyenge lexi kulu xa pulaneti ya [[misava]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pri.ocean&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=ocean|title=WordNet Search — ocean|publisher=Princeton University|accessdate=February 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuna malwandle ya nthlanu emisaveni kunga, [[lwandle ra Phasifiki]], [[lwandle ra Atlantiki]], [[lwandle ra Indhiya]], [[lwandle ra Anthakthika]] na ra Akthika.&lt;ref name=&quot;oed.130201&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/130201?redirectedFrom=ocean#eid|title=ocean, n|publisher=Oxford English Dictionary|accessdate=February 5, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mw.ocean&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ocean|title=ocean|publisher=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=February 6, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;pri.sea&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=sea|title=WordNet Search — sea|publisher=Princeton University|accessdate=February 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malwandle yamisava, iyankoka ekavutomi na swivumbiwa hinkwaswo swa misava, naswona byi na xiphemu eka ndzendzeleko wa Khaboni, byi hlohlotela maxelo na tinguva. kuna minxaka ya swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka swa kwalomu ka 230,000 leswi tiviwake, kambe tindzhawu to tala ta malwandle atisifikeleriwa hikwalaho, kuehleketeriwa leswaku kungava kuri na minxaka ya swivumbiwa swa kwalomu ka timiliyoni timbirhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;la.2009&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Mapping an ocean of species|last=Drogin|first=Bob|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/02/nation/na-fish2|date=August 2, 2009|accessdate=August 18, 2009|work=Los Angeles Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}{{Commons}}
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'''Dorobha''' indzhawu leyi kulu leyi akiweke naswona ku tshamaka [[vanhu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Goodall&quot;&gt;Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuper and Kuper&quot;&gt;Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. &lt;/ref&gt;  '''Madorobha''' hiku angarhela mana swiyimiso leswi kulu swa tiyindlu, [[vutleketli]], mahosi, mphakelo wa mati na [[gezi]], vuhaxi na matirhisele ya misava. Ntalo wa dorobha wu hlohlotela vuxaka bya vanhu na mabidzu, naswona wuthlela wu vuyerisa mintlawa hayimbirhi.

Hikuya himatimu, vatshami va le madorobheni avanga talanga ngopfu, kambe namunthla, endzhaku ka malembe xidzana mambirhi ya kurhurha kavanhu vaya tshama emadorobheni, kuvuriwa leswaku hafu ya vanhu laha misaveni vatshama emadorobheni. 

Dorobha leri kulu naswona leri taleke vanhu kutlula man'wana emisaveni i dorobha ra Xanghayi eChayina&lt;ref&gt;The Travel &amp; Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007, Jennifer Blanke, World Economic Forum&lt;/ref&gt; rilandzeriwa hi Thokiyo eJapani na Jabodetabek (Kumbe Jakarta) eIndonexiya.&lt;ref&gt;''Demographia World Urban Areas'' [http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf 13th Annual Edition], April 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Kasi madorobha yakhale ngopfu matshamiwa hi vanhu, i Fayiyumi,&lt;ref&gt;Nick Compton, &quot;What is the oldest city in the world?&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Damaska,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Ring|first1=Trudy|title=Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places|date=2014|page=204}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Varanasi.&lt;ref&gt;Jhimli Mukherjee Pandeyl, &quot;Varanasi is as old as Indus valley civilization, finds IIT-KGP study&quot;, ''Times of India'', 25 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Amerikha ya le N'walungu</title>
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      <text bytes="5485" sha1="ak1zmfa3d9dd9zf9ujik272zx9ja2m1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0 0 0em 0em; width: 20em; text-align: right; padding: 0.5em 2em; font-size: 0.86em; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of floated right section --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; background: #f0f6fa; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of slate grey box --&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''Amerikha ya le Nwalungu'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:Location North America.svg|190px|Mepe wa misava lowu kombaka tiko-nkulu ra Amerikha ya le n'walungu]]
&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Vundhzawu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 24,709,000km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 565,265,000
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntlimbano
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 22.9/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (59.3/sq mi)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Matiko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Matiko ya Amerikha ya le N'walungu|23]] |[[Antigua na Barbuda]] |[[Bahamas]] |[[Barbados]] |[[Belize]] |[[Canada]] |[[Costa Rica]] |[[Cuba]] |[[Dominika]] |[[Rephabliki ya Dominika]] |[[El Salvador]] |[[Grenada]] |[[Guatemala]] |[[Haiti]] |[[Honduras]] |[[Jamaica]] |[[Mexico]] |[[Nicaragua]] |[[Panama]] |[[Saint Kitts na Nevis]] |[[Saint Lucia]] |[[Saint Vincent na Grenadine]] |[[Trinidad na Tobago]] |[[Amerikha]] }}
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Swihlalana 
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Swihlalana swa Amerikha ya le N'walungu|11]] |[[Anguilla]] | [[Bermuda]] |[[Swihlala swa British Virgin]] |[[Swihlala swa Cayman]] |[[Montserrat]] |[[Xihlala xa Navassa]]|[[Haiti]]|[[Puerto Rico]]|[[Serranilla Bank]]|[[Swihlala swa Turks na Caicos]]|[[Swihlala saw Virgin ya Amerikha]]}} 
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Tindzimi
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[Tindzimi ta Amerikha ya le N'walungu]] na tinwana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

'''Amerikha ya le Nwalungu''' itiko-nkulu leri kumekaka eka halufu ya misava ya vupela dyambu bya n'walungu.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-northamerica&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/418612/North-America|title=North America|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=3 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/contnent.htm|title=Map And Details Of All 7 Continents|publisher=worldatlas.com|quote=In some parts of the world students are taught that there are only six continents, as they combine North America and South America into one continent called the Americas.|accessdate=September 2, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rirhendzeriwe en'walungwini hi lwandle ra Arkthiki, evuxeni hi lwandle ra Atlanthiki, evupela dyambu na le dzongeni hi lwandle ra Phasifiki, nale dyongeni bya vuxa hi tiko-nkulu ra Amerikha ya le Dzongeni na lwandle ra le Kharibhiyeni.

Amerikha yale Nwalungu i tiko-nkulu ra vunharhu hi vukulu, kulandzela matiko-nkulu ya Axiya na Afrika,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nalandst.htm|title=North America Land Forms and Statistics|publisher=World Atlas.com|accessdate=16 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona iravumune kuya hi ntalo wa vanhu, kulandzela Axiya, Afrika na Yuropa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nafacts.htm|title=North America Fast Facts|publisher=World Atlas.com|accessdate=16 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi lembe ra 2013, ntsengo wa vanhu va rona awukumbeteriwa kwalomu ka 565 watimiliyoni tavanhu.

Amerikha yale Nwalungu rifikeleriwe hi vanhu vosungula, loko vata tsemakanya buluho ra misava ra Beringi, kwalomu ka 40,000 kuya eka 17,000 wa malembe lamahundzeke. Nguva yotoloveleka eka tiko-nkulu leri yisungula kwalomu ka malembe xidzana ya vu 6 kuya eka 13. Kasi nguva ya vanhu va Kholombiya yi hele loko vanhu va sungula ku tluta lwandle ra Atlanthiki na ku fika ka vakolonyi va le Yuropa. Mindzhavuko ya manguva lawa ya kombisa vuxaka byo hambana eka vakolonyi va le Yuropa, vanhu vo sungula va Amerikha, mahlonga yo suka e Afrika na switukulwana swa vona. 

Nhlohlotelo wa va Yuropa wu tikomba ngopfu e n'walungwini wa tiko-nkulu leri, kasi nhlohlotelo wa vanhu vosungula va tiko-nkulu leri na ma Afrika, wu vonaka ngopfu e dzongeni ra tiko-nkulu leri. Hikwalaho ka matimu ya vukolonyi e tikweni -nkulu leri, vanhu varona votala va vulavula Xinghezi, Xipanichi kumbe xifurhwa naswona matiko ya kona mana mindhavuko yale vupela dyambu.{{reflist|group=sn}}

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Amerika ya le N'walungu}}
[[Category:Ntivo-mbangu]]
[[Category:Matiko-nkulu]]
[[Category:Amerikha]]</text>
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      <comment>Implement</comment>
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    <title>Amerikha ya le Dzongeni</title>
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&lt;big&gt;'''Amerikha ya le Dzongeni'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|180px|Mepe wa misava lowu kombaka tiko-nkulu ra Amerikha ya le Dzongeni]]
&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Vundhzawu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 17,840,000km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 410,013,492
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntlimbano
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 21.4/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (56.0/sq mi)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Matiko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Matiko ya Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|12]] |[[Argentina]] |[[Bolivia]] |[[Brazil]] |[[Chile]] |[[Colombiya]] |[[Ecuador]] |[[Guyana]] |[[Paraguay]] |[[Peru]] |[[Suriname]] |[[Uruguay]] |[[Venezuela]] }}
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Swihlalana 
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Swihlalana swa Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|3]] |[[Swihlala swa Falkland]] | [[Swihlala swa South Georgia na South Sandwich]] |[[Guiana ya le Furhwa]]}} 
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Tindzimi
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[Tindzimi ta Amerikha ya le Dzongeni]] na tinwana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

'''Amerikha ya le Dzongeni'''  i tiko-nkulu leri kumekaka eka halufu ya misava ya vupela dyambu bya le dzongeni. Naswona ringa vonaiwa tani hi tiko-nkulu ra switikwana swa Amerikha wa ririmi ra xilatina.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-southamerica&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/555844/South-America|title=South America|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/contnent.htm|title=Map And Details Of All 7 Continents|publisher=worldatlas.com|quote=In some parts of the world students are taught that there are only six continents, as they combine North America and South America into one continent called the Americas.|accessdate=September 2, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matirhisele ya rito, tiko-nkulu ra Amerikha yale dzongeni, masungule ku andza kutlula rito, &quot;matiko ya Amarikha wa xilatina&quot;, naswona leswi swi endliwe hi nhluvuko wa tiko ra Brazil.&lt;ref name=&quot;academia.edu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/12944490/Unveiling_the_South_American_Balance|title=&quot;Unveiling the South American Balance&quot; in Estudos Internacionais, 2(2): 215-232. &amp;#124; Luis L Schenoni|publisher=Academia.edu|date=1970-01-01|accessdate=2016-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiko-nkulu leri ri angarheliwa evupela dyambu hi lwandle ra Phasifiki na lwandle ra Atlanthiki e n'walungu nale vuxeni; kasi e n'walungu ri angarheliwa hi tiko-nkulu ra Amerikha wa le N'walungu na Lwandle ra Kharibhiyeni. Tiko-nkulu leri rina matiko ya khume mbirhi.

Amerikha ya le Dzongeni yina ku anama ka kwalomu ka 17,840,000 wa ti Skwemitara. Ntsengo wa vaaka tiko va rona a wu kumbeteriwa kwalomu ka 371,090,000 hi lembe ra 2005. Tiko-nkulu leri ira vumune hi ku anama, (kulandzela Axiya, Afrika na Amerika wa le N'walungu) naswona i ravunthlanu hi ntalo wa vaaka tiko (Endzhaku ka Axiya, Afrika, Yuropa na Amerikha wa le N'walungu). Tiko ra Brazil hirona leri teleke vaaka tiko kutlula man'wana eka tiko-nkulu leri, rilandzeriwa hi Colombiya, Argentina, Venezuwela na Peru. Eka ma lembe lama hakuhundzaka, Brazil yi kote ku teka vurhangeri eka ta mabindzu na ikhonomi, eka tiko nkulu leri.

Mindzhavuko na mahanyele ya vaaka tiko varona masukela eka vanhu vosungula varona na minjhekanjhekisano leyiveke kona exikarhi ka vona na vakolonyi vale Yuropa, kuhlanganisa na mahlonga lama fikeke kusuka e Afrika. Hikwalaho ka malembe yotala ya mimfumo ya vukolonyi bya Yuropa, vaaka tiko va tiko-nkulu leri va vulavula xiphutukezi na xipanichi.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Amerika ya le Dzongeni}}
[[Category:Ntivo-mbangu]]
[[Category:Matiko-nkulu]]</text>
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    <title>Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi</title>
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      <text bytes="4115" sha1="l4577srvpzohq0yxg2yiwjlxfpwcf7n" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0 0 0em 0em; width: 20em; text-align: right; padding: 0.5em 2em; font-size: 0.86em; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of floated right section --&gt;
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&lt;big&gt;'''Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:Middle East (orthographic projection).svg|190px|Mepe wa misava lowu kombaka tiko-nkulu ra Amerikha ya le n'walungu]]
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{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 371 miliyoni
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Matiko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Matiko ya Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi|17]]}}
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Tindzimi
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[Tindzimi ta Amerikha ya le N'walungu]] na tinwana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

'''Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi'''&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;{{lang-ar|الشرق الأوسط}}, ''Ash-Sharq al-Awsaṭ''; {{lang-hy|Միջին Արևելք}}, ''Miǰin Arevelk’''; {{lang-az|Orta Şərq}}; [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Kurdish Central Kurdish]: {{Lang|ckb|ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین}}, ''{{Lang|ckb|Rojhelatî Nawîn}}''; {{lang-fr|Moyen-Orient}}; {{lang-ka|ახლო აღმოსავლეთი}}, ''Axlo Aɣmosavleti''; {{lang-el|Μέση Ανατολή}}, ''Mési Anatolí''; {{lang-he|המזרח התיכון}}, ''Ha'Mizrah Ha'Tihon''; {{lang-kmr|''Rojhilata Navîn''}}; {{lang-fa|خاورمیانه}}, ''Xāvar-Miāne''; {{lang-so|''Bariga Dhexe''}}; {{lang-tr|Orta Doğu}}; {{lang-ur|مشرق وسطی}}, ''Maśriq Vosta''&lt;/ref&gt; i ndzhawu leyi ngexikarhi ka matiko-nkulu naswona yinga evupela dyambu bya Axiya na Gibhita. Rito Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi, risungule ku tirhisiwa ngopfu hi lembe xidzana ra vu 20.

Va-Arabhi, VuThaki, VaPeresiya, VaKhudi na VaAzeri hitona tinxaka ra vanhu lava teleke exifundzeni lexi xamisava.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SPBfnT_E1mgC&amp;pg=PA16&amp;lpg=PA16&amp;dq=main+ethnic+groups+in+the+middle+east&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=uGb8t7Re3p&amp;sig=wlU7EbnyjrI4FHgw5H2WTeJvePI&amp;hl=nl&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=JHCDU_HgMInHOeCGgLgK&amp;ved=0CDAQ6AEwADgU#v=onepage&amp;q=Turks&amp;f=false|title=Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia|accessdate=26 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mintlawa leyi tsongo ya tinxaka ta xifundza lexi yihlanganisa Vayuda, VaSiriya na Varami. Kasi ku thlela kukumeka vatirhi vavaluvelri votala endzhawini leyi.

Matimu ya Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi, yithlelela eka nkarhi wa khale ngopfu.&lt;ref&gt;Cairo, Michael F. [https://books.google.nl/books?id=_ukBNxLFNxgC&amp;dq=middle+east+of+high+importance+since+ancient+times&amp;hl=nl&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s ''The Gulf: The Bush Presidencies and the Middle East''] University Press of Kentucky, 2012 {{ISBN|978-0813136721}} p xi.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Government Printing Office. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kahana, Ephraim. &lt;/ref&gt; Vukhongeri byo hlaya, byi simekiwe kusuka eka ndzawu leyi ya misava, kuhlaganisa Vuyuda, Vukreste, na Vusurumani.

Ntshamelo maxele ya ndzhawu leyi ya hisa ngopfu nothlela yiva mananga, naswona yipfumala milambu yo tala, kova yona milambu ya Nile a Gibhita, Thayigrisi na Yufrata, e Mesopotamiya laha misava yakona yifuweke ngopfu.

Matiko yotala lawa mnge kusuhi na lwandle ya Indiya, mativiwa ngopfu hikuva na Oyili yimbisi, leswi fuwiseke tihosi ta matiko yakona.

== Tinoti ==
{{reflist|group=&quot;note&quot;}}

=== Mintshaho ===
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi(matiko)}}
[[Category:Ntivo-mbangu]]
[[Category:Matiko-nkulu]]</text>
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&lt;big&gt;'''Oxiyeniya'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:Oceania (orthographic projection).svg|180px|Mepe wa misava lowu kombaka tiko-nkulu ra Oxiyeniya]]
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{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Vundhzawu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 8,525,989km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 41,050,699
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntlimbano
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 4.19/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (10.9/sq mi)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Matiko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Matiko ya Oxiyeniya|14]]}}
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Swihlalana 
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Swihlalana swa Oxiyeniya|21]]}} 
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Tindzimi
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[Tindzimi ta Oxiyeniya]] na tinwana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
'''Oxiyeniya''' i tiko-nkulu kumbe xifundza xa ndzawu leyi hlanganisaka [[Ostraliya]] na Swihlala leswinge lwandle ra Phasifiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scholastic Atlas of the World&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Scholastic Atlas of the World|year=2003}} &quot;Oceania is the smallest of all the continents&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;For a history of the term, see Douglas &amp; Ballard (2008) ''Foreign bodies: Oceania and the science of race 1750–1940''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090210042249/http://www.bartleby.com/65/oc/Oceania.html &quot;Oceania&quot;]. 2005. &lt;/ref&gt; Oxiyeniya yi funengeta kwalomu ka 8,525,989 wa tiskwe-mitara naswona yina vaakatiko va 41,050,699. Oxiyeniya itiko-nkulu leritsongo kutlula matiko-nkulu hinkwawo ya misava.

Oxiyeniya yina mpfangano wa ti-ikhonomi, kusukela eka ikhonomi leyi hluvukeke ngopfu ya Ostraliya na Nyuzilendi leti hlayiwaka eka matiko ya khume ya misava lama hluvukeke kuya hi vutomi lebyinene,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldaudit.org/countries/australia.htm|title=Australia: World Audit Democracy Profile|work=WorldAudit.org|accessdate=5 January 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213032213/http://www.worldaudit.org/countries/australia.htm|archivedate=13 December 2007|deadurl=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Rankings on Economic Freedom|url=http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking|publisher=''[[The Heritage Foundation]]''|accessdate=30 November 2016|date=2016|archive-date=20 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720010300/http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking.aspx|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuya eka matiko lama ha kasaka kufana na Kiribati na Tuvalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Kiribati: 2011 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report, Informational Annexes, Debt Sustainability Analysis, Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion, and Statement by the Executive Director for Kiribati|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=24871.0|publisher=International Monetary Fund Country Report No. 11/113|date=24 May 2011|accessdate=10 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ostraliya hirona tiko leru kulu eka matiko ya Oxiyeniya, naswona Sidni hirona dorobha leri kulu eka madorobha ya matiko ya Oxiyeniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/aib/island_continent.html|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2010-08-30|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030820155859/http://www.dfat.gov.au/aib/island_continent.html|archivedate=2003-08-20|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vanhu vosungula kufika e Ostraliya, Gineya leyintshwa na swihlala swa ndzhawu leyi, vangava vafikile kona kwalomu ka malembe ya 50,000 na 30,000 lama hundzeke. Oxiyeniya yivalangiwile rosungula hi vayuropa hi lembe-xidzana ravu 16 kuya emahlweni. Vavalangi va maphutukezi va fikile e swihlaleni swa Tanimbari, Carolina na Papuwa Nyugini, exikarhi ka malembe ya 1512 na 1526. Eka riendzo rayena rosungula hilembexidzana ravu 18, James Cook ufikile e Tahiti, ivi alandzelela swihlala akala a fika eribuweni rale vuxeni bya Ostraliya. Ndzhawu leyi ya Phasifiki yivone minjhekanjhekiswano yihlaya exikarhi ka Amarikha na Japani, hinkarhi wa nyimpi ya misava yavumbirhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Secret Instructions to Captain Cook, 30 June 1768|publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]]|url=http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/resources/transcripts/nsw1_doc_1768.pdf|accessdate=3 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kufika ka vakolonyi vale Yuropa eka malembexidzana lama landzeleke, kutisile kucinca loku kulu eka vutomi bya siku na siku kuhlanganisa na swa tipolitiki ta ndzhawu leyi ya misava. Eka manguva lawa, matiko yotala ya Oxiyeniya masungula kuvulavula hi xikongomelo xo cinca mujeko ya matiko ya wona leswaku makombisa mifungo ya wona.&lt;ref&gt;Dimensions of Australian Society,  Ian McAllister – 1994, p 333&lt;/ref&gt; Mpfapfarhuto wale maribweni wa le Ostraliya ivutshila byakhale ngopfu lebyi ngakavanyetiwangiku kusukela khale na swona ixiyenge xankoka xandzhavuko wa vanhu vosungula va Ostraliya.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Oceanic art&quot;, The [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Encyclopedia Columbia Encyclopedia], Sixth Edition 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Ntshava ya Puncak Jaya e Papuwa hiyona nhlohlorhi leyi leheke ngopfu e Oxiyeniya.&lt;ref&gt;MacKay (1864, 1885) ''Elements of Modern Geography'', p 283&lt;/ref&gt; Matiko yotala ya Oxiyeniya mana xiyimiso xavu demokhrasi na Phalamendhe leyi akiwaka hi mintlawa yohambana hambana ya swa tipolitiki, naswona vuvhaki hiyona nkomponi leyi nga xihlovo xa mintirho yotala ematikweni lawa.&lt;ref name = &quot;pmid4570638&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Prehistoric man at Lake Mungo, Australia, by 32,000 years BP.|journal = Nature|volume =240 |issue =5375 |year =1972 |pages = 46–8 |pmid = 4570638}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Oxiyeniya}}
[[Category:Ntivo-mbangu]]
[[Category:Matiko-nkulu]]
[[Category:Oxiyeniya| ]]</text>
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      <id>33429</id>
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      <timestamp>2019-02-16T21:22:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ValJor</username>
        <id>617</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Oceania, not Asia...</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Axiya</title>
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      <timestamp>2020-01-22T00:33:06Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Chongkian</username>
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&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Asia|*]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Antakthika</title>
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      <text bytes="7599" sha1="o8c2yh08s9ojbi9rcx062d4ym8ffxlg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0 0 0em 0em; width: 20em; text-align: right; padding: 0.5em 2em; font-size: 0.86em; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of floated right section --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; background: #f0f6fa; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of slate grey box --&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''Anthakthika'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg|180px|Mepe wa misava lowu kombaka tiko-nkulu ra Anthakthika]]
&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Vundhzawu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 14,000,000km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 5,000 vaxinkarhana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

'''Antakthika''' i tiko-nkulu leri nge dzongeni wa [[misava]]. mhandzi-nkokelo ya le dzongeni bya misava yikumeka eka tiko-nkulu leri, naswona rirhendzeriwe hi lwandle ra le Dzongeni. Tiko-nkulu leri ri funengeta 14,000,000 wati skwemitara hi ku anama, naswona it ravunthlanu hi kuanama eka matiko nkulu. Hi ku ringanisa, Anthakthika yi aname kambirhi kutlula tiko ra [[Australia|Ostraliya]]. Kwalomu ka 98% ya tiko-nkulu leri yi funengetiwe hi gwitsi leri enteke kwalomu ka 1.9km,&lt;ref name=&quot;Bedmap2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=British Antarctic Survey |title=Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica |journal=The Cryosphere journal |page=390 |url=http://www.the-cryosphere.net/7/375/2013/tc-7-375-2013.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=6 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona gwitsi leri rindlandlamukela kufikela eribuweni ra tiko-nkulu leri.

Antakthika, hiku angarhela hirona tiko-nkulu leri titimelaka, leri omeke, naswona leri ngana moya kutlula matiko-nkulu hinkwawo, naswona ritlakukile kutlula matiko-nkulu man'wana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|authors=National Satellite, Data, and Information Service|title=National Geophysical Data Center|publisher=Government of the United States|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html|accessdate=9 June 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613001502/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html|archivedate=13 June 2006|deadurl=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; Antakthika i tiko ra mananga, naswona rihava mpfula.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Joyce|first=C. Alan|date=18 January 2007|title=The World at a Glance: Surprising Facts|work=The World Almanac|url=http://www.worldalmanac.com/blog/2007/01/the_world_at_a_glance_surprisi.html|accessdate=7 February 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304001123/http://www.worldalmanac.com/blog/2007/01/the_world_at_a_glance_surprisi.html|archivedate=4 March 2009|deadurl=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwalomu ka 1,000 kuya eka 5,000 wa vanhu vatshama eka tiyindlu ta vulavisisi leti akiweke atikweni-nkulu leri. Swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka eka tiko-nkulu leri swihlanganisa vulwembu bya lwandle, swimilana, swiharhi swo fana na swinyenyana swa lwandle na swin'wana.

Antakthika i tiko-nkulu ro hetelela leri tsumburiweke hi vanhu, naswona ku tsumburiwa ko sungula loku tsariweke kuve hi lembe ra 1820, hi pfumba ra vavalangi va [[Russia|Rhaxiya]], Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen na Mikhail Lazarev eka swikepe swa ''Vostok'' na ''Mirny''. Hambiswiritano tiko-nkulu leri ri sarile ririhava vaaka tiko hikwalaho ka matshemelo ya rona lama nonohaka ku aka no hanya kona.

Antakthika yihava [[hulumendhe]] kumbe mfumo, kambe kova na mintwanano ya matiko lamahlayeke, lawa ma endlaka vulavisisi eka ndzhawu leyi. Kwalomu ka khume mbirhi wa matiko, ma tikirhetile ntwanano wa Antakthika hi 1959, naswona makume-nharhu nhungu man'wana ma tikirhetile ntwanano lowu kusukela lembe rero. Ntwanano lowu wu alela kuceriwa ka migodi ya timayini, Vusocha na switichi swa masocha, kubalesa tibhomu ta Nyukliya, naswona wu seketela vulavisisi bya Sayensi, naku sirhelela vumbango bya yona.

&lt;gallery&gt;
File: 061212-nordkapp.jpg
File:GletscherMM.jpg
File:Fryxellsee Opt.jpg
File:Mount Erebus Aerial 2.jpg
File:Aurore australe - Aurora australis.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Commons|Antarctica|Antakthika}}
[[Category:Ntivo-mbangu]]
[[Category:Matiko-nkulu]]

== Ntalo wa vanhu ==

Tihulumendhe to hlayanyana ti hlayisa [[Trạm nghiên cứu|switichi swa ndzavisiso]] leswi nga ni vaaki va nkarhi hinkwawo etikweni-nkulu leri. Nhlayo ya vanhu lava tirhaka, ku seketela vulavisisi bya sayense na mintirho yin’wana e Antarctica nale ka swihlala swale kusuhi yisuka eka kwalomu ka 1,000 hi xixika kuya eka 5,000 hi ximumu, leswi fambelanaka na nhlayo ya vaaki ya 70–350 wa vanhu/siku. Switichi swo tala swi thola vanhu lembe hinkwaro, naswona vatirhi va xixika hakanyingi va huma ematikweni ya rikwavo va tirha ku ringana lembe. Kereke ya Trinity Orthodox yi pfuriwile hi 2004 [[Trạm Bellingshausen|eXitichini xa Bellingshausen]] xa le Rhaxiya naswona yi fambisiwa lembe hinkwaro hi muprista un’we ku ya eka vambirhi, lava na vona va cincanaka lembe na lembe.  

Vaaki vo sungula lava nga riki va nkarhi hinkwawo va ndhawu leyi nga ekusuhi na Antarctica (edzongeni wa [[Đới hội tụ Nam Cực|ndhawu leyi Antarctic yi hlanganaka eka yona]] ) a ku ri vahloti va ti- seal va le Amerika ni va le Britain. Va hete lembe kumbe ku tlula eGeorgia Dzonga, ku sukela hi 1786 ku ya emahlweni. Hi nkarhi wa ku hlotiwa ka ti whale kufikela hi 1966, vaaki va xihlala lexi ava sukela eka kutlula 1,000 hi ximumu (malembe yan’wana kutlula 2,000) kuya eka kwalomu ka 200 hi xixika. Vahloti ngopfu-ngopfu i va le Norway laha ku nga ni xiphemu lexi andzaka xa Xinghezi. Tindhawu to tshama eka tona ti katsa Grytviken, King Edward Point, Stromness, Husvik, Godthul, Port Leith, Prince Olav na Ocean. Vafambisi ni vatirhela-mfumo lavakulu va xitichi xa ti- whale hakanyingi va tshama ni mindyangu ya vona. Exikarhi ka vona a ku ri na Carl Anton Larsen, muvalangi wa le Norway tlhelo mutivi wa ti- whale loyi a sunguleke Grytviken. Larsen na ndyangu wa yena va ve vaaki va Britain hi 1910. Nhwanyana wa le Norway [[Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen]] a a ri n’wana wo sungula ku velekiwa eXifundzheni xa Antarctic, ngopfu-ngopfu eGrytviken hi October 8, 1913. I n’wana wa Klara Olette Jacobsen na Fridthjof Jacobsen, mupfuni wa vulawuri bya xitichi xa whale. Jacobsen u fike exihlaleni lexi hi 1904 naswona u ve mufambisi wa Grytviken ku sukela hi 1914 ku ya eka 1921. U ni vana vambirhi lava velekiweke exihlaleni lexi. 

[[Emilio Marcos Palma]] ari munhu wosungula ku velekiwa e dzongeni wa 60 degrees south latitude nale ka tikonkulu ra Antarctic,  ngopfu ngopfu e [[Căn cứ Esperanza|Esperanza Base]] enhlohlorhini ya nhlonhle ya Antarctic hi 1978.   Vatswari va Palma ni mindyangu yin’wana ya nkombo va rhumeriwe hi hulumendhe ya le Argentina leswaku va ya vona loko vutomi bya ndyangu byi faneleka laha. Juan Pablo Camacho a a ri Muchile wo sungula ku velekiwa eAntarctica hi 1984 [[Trạm Frei Montalva|eXitichini xa Frei Montalva]] . Sweswi swisekelo swin’wana i kaya ra mindyangu leyi nga ni vana lava nghenaka xikolo exitichini lexi.  Ku sukela hi 2009, ku ve ni tincece ta 11 leti velekiweke eAntarctica (edzongeni wa 60 wa tidigri edzongeni wa latitude), tsevu eEsperanza Base ya le Argentina ni tinharhu eXitichini xa Frei Montalva xa le [[Chile]].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Japani</title>
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|name               = Mfumo wa Japani
|mujeko             = Flag of Japan.svg
|coa                = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
|image              = [[File:Japan (orthographic projection).svg|150px]]
|Ntsindza           = Tokyo
|official_languages = kwalomu ka 11
|Presidenti = [[Naruhito]]
|area               = 377,972km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|population         = 126,740,000
|year               =  
|density            = 336/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
}}

'''Japani''' ( ''Nippon'' kumbe ''Nihon'' hixi Japani; Nihongo &quot;日本国&quot; kumbe ''Nihon-koku'', leswinge &quot;Tiko ximfumo ra Japani&quot;) i tiko ra swiihlala leswi kumekeke e vuxeni bya [[Axiya]]. Tiko leri rikumeka elwandle ra Phasifiki, naswona rile dzongeni bya tiko-nkulu ra Axiya, naswona ri navalaka kusukela elwandle ra Okhotsk e n'walungu bya lwandle ra le vuxeni bya Chayina na Thayiwani e vudzongeni bya vupela dyambu.

Maletere ya xijapani ma hlamusela vito ra tiko leri leswaku i &quot;Xihlovo xa dyambu&quot;. 日 yi yimela ''ni'' naswona yi vula dyambu, kasi 本 yi yimela ''hon'', kumbe ''pon'' naswona yivula xihlovo. Japani hakanyingi yivuriwa &quot;Tiko kutsivuka ka dyambu&quot;.

Japani inhlangano wa kwalomu ka swihlala swa 6,852 leswi nge henhla ka swiyenge swa misava leswinge henhla ka ridaka ro hisa. Swihlala leswikulu i Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu na Shikoku, leswi hlanganisaka 97% ya kuanama ka tiko ra Japani. Ntsengo wa vaaka tiko i 127&amp;#x20;&amp;#x77;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x74;&amp;#x69;miliyoni naswona i tiko ra vu khumen'we hi ntalo wa vaaka tiko emisaveni. Dorobha ra Tokyo i ntsindza wa tiko ra Japani, naswona rina kwalomu ka 9.1 wa timiliyoni ta vaaka tiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=「東京都の人口（推計）」の概要（平成26年2月1日現在） (2014)|url=http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/CHOUSA/2014/02/60o2r100.htm|work=Tokyo Metropolitan Government (JPN)|accessdate=March 20, 2014|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053154/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/CHOUSA/2014/02/60o2r100.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

* umbusi : [[Naruhito]]

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Japani| ]]

== Mfumo na tipolitiki ==

[[File:Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_cropped_Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20191110_1.jpg|thumb|[[Naruhito|Mufumi Naruhito]], murhangeri wa mfumo wa sweswi, na Hosi ya Xisati Masako va hlanganyerile eka [[:ja:祝賀御列の儀|Nkhuvo wa Mfumo hi movha endzhaku ka Nkhuvo wa ku Vekiwa ka Vuhosi]] eTokyo hi November 10, 2019.]]
Japani i tiko leri nga ni vun'we ni vuhosi bya vumbiwa lebyi eka byona matimba ya Mufumi ma pimiweke eka xiphemu xa nkhuvo .  Matimba ya vulawuri ematshan’wini ya sweswo ya tirhisiwa hi Holobyenkulu wa Japani na Khabinete ya yena, leyi vuhosi bya yona byi vekiweke eka vanhu va Japani.  [[Naruhito]] i Mufumi wa Japani, u tlhandlamile tata wakwe Akihito loko a nghene eXiluvelweni xa Chrysanthemum hi 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;euparl&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg|thumb|Muako wa Swakudya swa Rixaka]]
Xirho xa milawu xa Japani i National Diet, palamendhe leyi nga ni switulu swimbirhi .  Yi vumbiwa hi Huvo ya le hansi ya Vayimeri leyi nga na switulu swa 465, leyi hlawuriwa hi vhoti ya vanhu endzhaku ka malembe man’wana na man’wana ya mune kumbe loko yi herisiwile, na Huvo ya le henhla ya Vakhanselara leyi nga na switulu swa 245, leyi swirho swa yona leswi hlawuriweke hi vanhu swi tirhaka titheme ta tsevu wa malembe.  Ku na mfanelo yo vhota ya misava hinkwayo eka vanhu lavakulu lava tlulaka 18 wa malembe hi vukhale,  na baloti ya le xihundleni eka tihofisi hinkwato leti hlawuriweke.  Holobyenkulu tani hi nhloko ya mfumo una matimba yo hlawula naku hlongola Vaholobye va Mfumo, naswona u thoriwa hi mufumi endzhaku ko hlawuriwa kusuka eka swirho swa Diet. &lt;ref name=&quot;sec&quot; /&gt; Fumio Kishida i holobye-nkulu wa Japani; u teke xitulu endzhaku ko hlula eka nhlawulo wa vurhangeri bya vandla ra Liberal Democratic Party hi 2021 .  Tende lerikulu ra le tlhelo ra xinene ra Liberal Democratic Party ri ve vandla lerikulu etikweni ku sukela hi va-1950, leri hakanyingi ri vitaniwaka 1955 System . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=199–209}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi matimu hi ku kuceteriwa hi nawu wa China, fambiselo ra nawu ra le Japani ri hluvukile hi ku tiyimela hi ku tiyimela hi nkarhi wa Edo hi ku tirhisa matsalwa yo tanihi {{transliteration|ja|[[Kujikata Osadamegaki]]}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;dean&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=55–58, 131}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku sukela eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-19, fambiselo ra vuavanyisi ri sekeriwe ngopfu eka nawu wa vaaki wa le Yuropa, ngopfu-ngopfu eJarimani. Hi 1896, Japani ri simeke nawu wa vaaki lowu sekeriweke eka Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch ya le Jarimani, leyi ya ha tirhaka hi ku cinca loku endliweke endzhaku ka Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=93–95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vumbiwa bya Japani, lebyi amukeriweke hi 1947, i vumbiwa bya khale swinene lebyi nga hundzuriwangiki emisaveni.  Nawu wa nawu wu sungula eka huvo yo endla milawu, naswona vumbiwa byi lava leswaku mufumi a humesa milawu leyi pasisiweke hi Diet handle ko n’wi nyika matimba yo kaneta milawu. Ntlawa lowukulu wa nawu wa nawu wa le Japani wu vuriwa Tikhodi ta Tsevu . &lt;ref name=&quot;dean&quot; /&gt; Endlelo ra tihuvo ra le Japani ri avanyisiwe hi swiyenge swa mune swa xisekelo: Huvo leyi Tlakukeke ni swiyimo swinharhu swa tihuvo ta le hansi. 

=== Swiyenge swa vufambisi ===
Japani ri avanyisiwe hi swifundzha swa 47, xin’wana ni xin’wana xi languteriwa hi holobye la hlawuriweke ni huvo yo endla milawu.  Eka tafula leri landzelaka, swifundzha swi hlengeletiwile hi swifundzha : 
{|
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg|center|thumb|Swifundzha swa Japani leswi nga ni swifundzha swa mihlovo]]
| style=&quot;padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''[[Hokkaido]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----1. &amp;nbsp;Hokkaido
| style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''Tōhoku'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
2.&amp;nbsp;Aomori

3.&amp;nbsp;Iwate

4.&amp;nbsp;Miyagi

5.&amp;nbsp;Akita

6.&amp;nbsp;Yamagata

7.&amp;nbsp;Fukushima
| style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''Kantō'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
8.&amp;nbsp;Ibaraki

9.&amp;nbsp;Tochigi

10.&amp;nbsp;Gunma

11.&amp;nbsp;Saitama 

12.&amp;nbsp;Chiba

13.&amp;nbsp;Tokyo

14.&amp;nbsp;Kanagawa
| style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''Chūbu'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
15.&amp;nbsp;Niigata

16.&amp;nbsp;Toyama

17.&amp;nbsp;Ishikawa

18.&amp;nbsp;Fukui

19.&amp;nbsp;Yamanashi

20.&amp;nbsp;[[Nagano Prefecture|Nagano]]

21.&amp;nbsp;[[Gifu Prefecture|Gifu]]

22.&amp;nbsp;[[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]]

23.&amp;nbsp;[[Aichi Prefecture|Aichi]]
|-
| style=&quot;padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt; '''[[Kansai]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
24.&amp;nbsp;[[Mie Prefecture|Mie]]

25.&amp;nbsp;[[Shiga Prefecture|Shiga]]

26.&amp;nbsp;[[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]]

27.&amp;nbsp;[[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]]

28.&amp;nbsp;[[Hyōgo Prefecture|Hyōgo]]

29.&amp;nbsp;[[Nara Prefecture|Nara]]

30.&amp;nbsp;[[Wakayama Prefecture|Wakayama]]
| style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt; '''[[Chūgoku region|Chūgoku]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
31.&amp;nbsp;[[Tottori Prefecture|Tottori]]

32.&amp;nbsp;[[Shimane Prefecture|Shimane]]

33.&amp;nbsp;[[Okayama Prefecture|Okayama]]

34.&amp;nbsp;[[Hiroshima Prefecture|Hiroshima]]

35.&amp;nbsp;[[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]]
| style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt; '''[[Shikoku]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
36.&amp;nbsp;[[Tokushima Prefecture|Tokushima]]

37.&amp;nbsp;[[Kagawa Prefecture|Kagawa]]

38.&amp;nbsp;[[Ehime Prefecture|Ehime]]

39.&amp;nbsp;[[Kōchi Prefecture|Kōchi]]
| style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt; '''[[Kyūshū]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
40.&amp;nbsp;[[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]]

41.&amp;nbsp;[[Saga Prefecture|Saga]]

42.&amp;nbsp;[[Nagasaki Prefecture|Nagasaki]]

43.&amp;nbsp;[[Kumamoto Prefecture|Kumamoto]]

44.&amp;nbsp;[[Ōita Prefecture|Ōita]]

45.&amp;nbsp;[[Miyazaki Prefecture|Miyazaki]]

46.&amp;nbsp;[[Kagoshima Prefecture|Kagoshima]]

47.&amp;nbsp;[[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]]
|}

=== Vuxaka bya matiko mambe ===
[[File:G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg|thumb|Japani i xirho xa G7 na G20 .]]
Tiko leri nga xirho xa Nhlangano wa Matiko ku sukela hi 1956, Japani i rin’wana ra matiko ya G4 lama lavaka ku cinca ka Huvo ya Vuhlayiseki .  Japani i xirho xa [[G7]], APEC, na &quot; ASEAN Plus Three &quot;, naswona i mutekaxiave eka Samiti ya Asia Vuxa . &lt;ref name=&quot;terada&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last2=Tadashi Yamamoto}}&lt;/ref&gt; I munyiki wa vuntlhanu hi vukulu emisaveni hinkwayo wa mpfuneto wa ximfumo wa nhluvukiso, u nyikerile US$9.2 wa tibiliyoni hi 2014.  Hi 2024, Japani a ri ri ni tiko ra vumune hi vukulu bya vudiplomati emisaveni hinkwayo. 

Japani ri ni vuxaka lebyikulu bya ikhonomi ni bya masocha na United States, leri ri hlayisaka ntwanano wa vuhlayiseki na rona .  United States i makete lowukulu wa swixavisiwa swa Japani naswona i xihlovo lexikulu xa swilo leswi humaka ematikweni mambe swa Japani, naswona yi tinyiketerile ku sirhelela tiko, na tindhawu ta masocha eJapani. &lt;ref name=&quot;us-relations&quot; /&gt; Hi 2016, Japani ri tivise xivono xa Free and Open Indo-Pacific, lexi vumbaka tipholisi ta rona ta miganga.   Japani ri tlhela ri va xirho xa Nkulumo ya Vuhlayiseki ya Matlhelo ya Mune (&quot;the Quad&quot;), mbulavurisano wa vuhlayiseki wa matiko yo tala lowu pfuxetiweke hi 2017 lowu kongomisiweke ku hunguta nkucetelo wa China eka xifundzha xa Indo-Pacific, kun'we na [[Amerikha|United States]], [[Australia]], na [[Indiya|India]].   

Japani ri nghenelerile eka timholovo to hlayanyana ta ndhawu ni vaakelani va rona. Japani ri kanetana ni ku lawula ka Rhaxiya Swihlala swa le Dzongeni wa Kuril, leswi tekiweke hi Soviet Union hi 1945.  Ku lawula ka Korea Dzonga eka Maribye ya Liancourt swa amukeriwa kambe aswi amukeriwi tani hileswi swivuriwaka hi Japan.  Japani ri onhe vuxaka na China na Taiwan mayelana na Swihlala swa Senkaku na xiyimo xa Okinotorishima . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=312–333}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Masocha ===
[[File:US_Navy_051115-N-8492C-125_The_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_(JMSDF)_destroyer_JDS_Kongou_(DDG_173)_sails_in_formation_with_other_JMSDF_ships_and_ships_assigned_to_the_USS_Kitty_Hawk_Carrier_Strike_Group.jpg|thumb|JMSDF {{transliteration|ja|Kongō}} ntlawa wa mudlayi]]
Japani i tiko ra vunharhu leri nga eka xiyimo xa le henhla xa le Asia eka Xikombiso xa ku Rhula xa Misava Hinkwayo xa 2024 .  Yi tirhise 1.1% wa GDP ya yona hinkwayo eka mpimanyeto wa yona wa vusirheleri hi 2022,  naswona yi hlayise mpimanyeto wa masocha wa vukhume hi vukulu emisaveni hinkwayo hi 2022.  Vuthu ra tiko leri (Mavuthu yo Tisirhelela ya le Japani) ma siveriwa hi Xiyenge xa 9 xa Vumbiwa bya Japani, lexi tshikaka mfanelo ya Japani yo tivisa nyimpi kumbe ku tirhisa matimba ya masocha eka timholovo ta matiko hinkwawo.  Vuthu leri ri lawuriwa hi Ndzawulo ya Vusirheleri, naswona ngopfu-ngopfu ri vumbiwa hi Vuthu ro Tisirhelela ra le Hansi ra Japani, Vuthu ro Tisirhelela ra le Lwandle ra Japani ni Vuthu ro Tisirhelela ra le Moyeni ra Japani . Ku rhumeriwa ka masocha eIraq na Afghanistan ku funghe ku tirhisiwa ko sungula ka masocha ya Japani ematikweni ya le handle ku sukela eka Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava. 

Mfumo wa Japani wu vile wu endla ku cinca eka pholisi ya wona ya vuhlayiseki leswi katsaka ku simekiwa ka Huvo ya Vuhlayiseki bya Rixaka, ku amukeriwa ka Qhinga ra Vuhlayiseki bya Rixaka, na ku tumbuluxiwa ka Swiletelo swa Nongonoko wa Vusirheleri bya Rixaka.  Hi May 2014, Holobyenkulu Shinzo Abe u vule leswaku Japani ri lava ku tshika ku nga endli nchumu loku ri ku hlayiseke ku sukela eku heleni ka Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava no teka vutihlamuleri byo tala bya vuhlayiseki bya xifundzha.  Hi December 2022, Holobyenkulu Fumio Kishida u tlhele a tiyisisa mukhuva lowu, a lerisa mfumo ku engetela matirhiselo ya mali hi 65% ku fikela hi 2027.  Ku nonon’hweriwa ka sweswinyana, ngopfu-ngopfu na Korea N’walungu na China, ku pfuxe njhekanjhekisano mayelana ni xiyimo xa JSDF ni vuxaka bya yona ni vaaki va le Japani.  

=== Ku sindzisiwa ka nawu ===
[[File:警視庁_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Yindlu-nkulu ya Ndzawulo ya Maphorisa ya Doroba-nkulu ra Tokyo]]
Vuhlayiseki bya le kaya eJapani byi nyikiwa ngopfu hi tindzawulo ta maphorisa ta swifundzha, ehansi ka vulawuri bya Ejensi ya Maphorisa ya Rixaka .  Tanihi huvo ya le xikarhi yo hlanganisa ya Tindzawulo ta Maphorisa ya Swifundzha, Ejensi ya Maphorisa ya Rixaka yi lawuriwa hi Khomixini ya Vuhlayiseki bya Vaaki ya Rixaka .  Xipano xo Hlawuleka xa Nhlaselo xi vumbiwa hi tiyuniti ta tindlela ta xiyimo xa rixaka to lwisana na vutherorisi leti tirhisanaka na Swipano swo Lwisana na Swibamu swa xiyimo xa ndhawu na Swipano swo Lwisana na Vutherorisi swa NBC .  Varindzi va Ribuwa ra le Japani va rindza mati ya ndhawu lama rhendzeleke Japani naswona va tirhisa magoza yo veka tihlo ni yo lawula yo lwisana ni ku ngungumerisa, vugevenga bya mbango bya le lwandle, ku hlotiwa ka swiharhi, vukhamba, swikepe swa tinhlori, swikepe leswi nga pfumeleriwangiki swa matiko mambe leswi phasaka tinhlampfi ni ku rhurhela ematikweni mambe loku nga riki enawini. 

Nawu wa ku Lawula Ku Va ni Swibamu ni Mabanga wu lawula hi ku kongoma vun’wini bya swibamu, mabanga ni matlhari man’wana hi vaaki.   Hi ku ya hi Hofisi ya Nhlangano wa Matiko ya Swidzidzirisi ni Vugevenga, exikarhi ka matiko lama nga swirho swa UN lama vikaka tinhlayo {{as of|2018|lc=y}} , nhlayo ya vugevenga bya madzolonga byo tanihi ku dlaya, ku tekeriwa vanhu, madzolonga ya rimbewu ni ku phanga yi le hansi swinene eJapani.    

=== Timfanelo ta ximunhu ===

Japani ri langutane ni ku soriwa hikwalaho ko ka ri nga pfumeleli vukati bya rimbewu leri fanaka, hambileswi vunyingi bya vanhu va le Japani va seketelaka ku ringana ka vukati.  I tiko leri nga hluvukangiki ngopfu eka matiko ya G7 hi mayelana na ku ringana ka LGBT.   Japani ri yirisa hi nawu xihlawuhlawu xa rixaka ni xa vukhongeri ehansi ka vumbiwa bya rona .  Japani ri tlhela ri sayina Ntwanano wa Matiko ya Misava wa ku Herisa Swivumbeko Hinkwaswo swa Xihlawuhlawu xa Rixaka,  loko ri ri karhi ri langutane na ku soriwa hikwalaho ka ku hambanisiwa ka rixaka hi maphorisa.   Japani ri le xikarhi ka matiko ma nga ri mangani lama hluvukeke lama ha hlayisaka hi nawu ni ku pfumelela hi ku hiseka ku xupuriwa ka rifu .</text>
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    <title>Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika</title>
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&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; background: #f0f6fa; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of slate grey box --&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:African Union (orthographic projection).svg|190x190px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | 
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; |
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 1,186,035,272
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntlimbano
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 30.51/km² (80/sq mi)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Matiko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[Matiko ya Afrika|55]]
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsindza 
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | Addis Ababa; Johanneburg 
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Tindzimi
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[African languages|Tindzimi ta Afrika]] na tinwana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

'''Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika''' ('''AU''') i nhlangano lowu akiweke hi matiko ya 55 eka tiko nkulu ra Afrika. Nhlangano lowu wusimekiwe hi 26 Mudyaxihi 2001 e Addis Ababa, [[Topiya|Ethiopia]], naswona wusungule kutirha hi 9 Mawuwani 2002 e Afrika Dzonga,&lt;ref name=&quot;African Union 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_&amp;_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union,%209%20July%202002.htm |title=Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki |author=Thabo Mbeki |date=9 July 2002 |publisher=africa-union.org |location=ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa |accessdate=8 February 2009 |archive-date=22 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722173449/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Speeches_%26_Statements/HE_Thabo_Mbiki/Launch%20of%20the%20African%20Union%2C%209%20July%202002.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ku siva nhlangano leyi ayirokona ekusunguleni ya Nhlangano wa vun'we bya Afrika (OAU). Swiboho swo hlawuleka swa AU, switekiwa eka huvo ya AU, leyi vitiwaka kambirhi hi lembe ya varhangeri va matiko na tihulumendhe ta matiko ya Afrika. Ofisi ra matsalwana wa nhlangano leyi, rikumeka e dorobheni ra Addis Ababa.

== Nkatsakanyo ==
Swikongomelo swa AU iku:
# Fikelela vun'we na kutirhisana exikarhi ka matiko ya Afrika na Vaaka tiko va rona.
# Sirhelela mimfumo, ndzhawu ya vutiko na kutiyimela ka matiko ya nhlangano leyi.
# Kondletela kutirhisana eka swa tipolitiki na ta vutomi na ikhonomi eka tiko-nkulu.
# Kondlotela no sirhelela mayimele ya matiko ya Afrika eka timhaka leti khumbaka tiko-nkulu na vanhu va rona.
# Kondlotela ntirhisano na matiko man'wana ya misava, kuri karhi ku tekeriwa enhlokweni timfanelo ta Nhlanangano ya Matiko ya misava.
# kondlotela kurhula, kusirheleleka, na kutshamiseka e tikweni-nkulu leri.
# Kondlotela matirhele ya xidemokhrasi, tindzawulo, kutirhisana na xitshungu na Vufumi lebyi nene.
# kondlotela no sirhelela timfanelo ta vanhu, kuya hi Ntwanano wa Afrika eka timfanelo ta ximunhu.
# Pfuneta tiko-nkulu ku tlanga xiphemu xa rona eka ikhonomi na mimbulavurisano ya misava.
# kondlotela nhluvuko lowu tikurisaka eka ikhonomi, mahanyele na mindzhavuko, kuhlanganisa na kutirhisana ka ti ikhonomi ta Afrika.
# kondlotela ntirisano eka swiyenge hinkwaswo swa vutomi na ku tlakusa mahanyele ya vanhu va Afrika.
# Kongomisa na ku twananisa milawu exikarhi ka swifundza swa ti ikhonomi swa sweswi na swa nkarhi lowu taka, leswaku nhlangano lowu wu fikelela swikongomelo swa wona.
# Antswisa nhluvuko wa tiko-nkulu na ku kondlotela vulavisisi eka mintlawa hikwayo ya Saynsi na Thekinoloji.
# Tirhisana na nakulori vamisava eku heriseni vuvabyi lebyi sivelekaka na ku kondlotela rihanyo lerinene e tikweni nkulu.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Afrika}}
[[Category:Afrika]]</text>
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      <parentid>35474</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-04-02T23:46:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6647" sha1="nipw59p070u28liebp4emj7d18x78ad" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0 0 0em 0em; width: 20em; text-align: right; padding: 0.5em 2em; font-size: 0.86em; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of floated right section --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; background: #f0f6fa; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- start of slate grey box --&gt;
&lt;big&gt;'''Nhlangono wa matiko ya Yuropa'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div align=center&gt;
[[File:Europe orthographic Caucasus Urals boundary (with borders).svg|180px|Mepe wa misava lowu kombaka tiko-nkulu ra Yuropa]]
&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Mujeko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[File:Flag of Europe.svg|80px]]
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntsengo wa vanhu
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 742,452,000
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Ntlimbano
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | 72.9/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (188/sq mi)
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Matiko
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=[[Matiko ya Yuropa|50]]}}
|-
! style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;&quot; | Tindzimi
| style=&quot;border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top&quot; | [[Tindzimi ta Yuropa]] na tinwana
|}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

'''Ntwanono wa Yuropa''' ('''EU''') i ntwanano lowu ngana swirho swa matiko ya 28 lama kumekaka e tikweni-nkulu ra Yuropa, lama tirhisanaka eka swa tipolitiki na ikhonomi. Ntwanano lowu wu simeke makete yin'we hi ku tirhisa milawu leyi fanaka e Yuropa. Milawu ya EU yi kondlotela ntsuxeko wa kufamba-famba ka vanhu, tinhundzu, vukorhokeri na mali eka makete lowu,&lt;ref name=&quot;Europa Internal Market&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The EU Single Market: Fewer barriers, more opportunities|publisher=Europa web portal|author=European Commission|url=http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/index_en.htm|accessdate=27 September 2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001122551/http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/index_en.htm|archivedate=1 October 2007|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku veka milawu eka vululami na vutiko-xikaya, na ku tirhisiwa ka milawu leyi fanaka eka timhaka ta mabindzu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Common commercial policy|url=http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/commercial_policy_en.htm|work=Europa Glossary|publisher=Europa web portal|accessdate=6 September 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116092625/http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/commercial_policy_en.htm|archivedate=16 January 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vurimi,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=The Council of the European Union|title=Agriculture and Fisheries Council|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/policies/council-configurations/agriculture-and-fisheries|accessdate=3 June 2013|archive-date=11 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311075105/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/policies/council-configurations/agriculture-and-fisheries|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vutshevi, na nhluvuko wa swifundza swa matiko ya wona.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Regional Policy Inforegio|url=http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/index_en.cfm|publisher=Europa web portal|accessdate=3 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Endzeni ka ndzhawu ya Schengen, kuhava vulawuri bya tipasipoti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internal borders&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Schengen area|publisher=Europa web portal|url=http://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/policies/borders/borders_schengen_en.htm|accessdate=8 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlangano wa timali eka ntwanano lowu, wu simekiwile hi 1999 naswona wusungule kutirha hi lembe ra 2002, naswona wu akiwa hi swirho swa matiko ya 19 ya Ntwanano wa Yuropa, leswi tirhisaka mali ya Yuro.

Ntwanano wa Yuro, wu sukela eka nhlangano wa vaceri va makhala na Nsimbhi va Yuropa na Nhlangano wa swa ti ikhonomi ta Yuropa, leti simekiweke hi malembe ya 1951 e Pharisi na 1957 e Rhoma hikulandzelelana. Matiko yo sungula ku vumba ntwanano lowu akuri; Belgium, Furhwa, Ithali, Lukzenbheki, Netherlands na Germany ya N'walungu. Matiko man'wana ma nghenelele ntwanano lowu laha kuhlanganisiweke mafambisele ya ti ikhonomi, mindzhavuko, vululami leswaku ma entisa ntwanano na kutirhisana. Hambileswi kunga hava xirho lexi tshikeke ntwanano lowu, Ngilandhi yi leku tiyisiseni mbuyelo wa nhlawulo laha vaaka tiko varona va vhoteke ku huma eka ntwanano lowu hi Khotavuxika bya 2016. Ntwanano wa le Maastricht wu simeke vuakatiko bya Yuropa hi 1993.

Matiko ya ntwanano wa Yuropa mana vukorhokeri bya aka tinhundzu kutlula matiko man'wana ya misava.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The World Transformed 1945 to the Present|last=Hunt|first=Michael|publisher=New York|year=2014|isbn=9780199371020|location=New York|pages=516–517}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambileswi vaaka tiko va rona va ringanaka na 7.3% wa vanhu vamisava,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=European Union reaches 500 Million through Combination of Accessions, Migration and Natural Growth|publisher=Vienna Institute of Demography|url=http://www.oeaw.ac.at/vid/datasheet/EU_reaches_500_Mill.shtml|accessdate=12 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; kambe va voniwa vari lava fumeke ngopfu.&lt;ref&gt;see [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal) List of countries by GDP (nominal)] and [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP) List of countries by GDP (PPP)]. &lt;/ref&gt; Thlandlakwalano, 27 wa matiko ya wona eka 28, mana nhlayo leyi kulu ya nhluvuko na mahanyele ya vanhu, hikuya hi vulavisisi bya Nhlangano ya misava. Hi kutirhisa milawu ya matiko-xikaya leyi fanaka, Ntwanano lowu wukota ku tiyimela eka timhaka ta misava. Ntwanano lowu wuna ti ofisi ta wona e matikweni yotala ya misava naswona wuthlela wu tiyimela eka Nhlangano ya Matiko ya Misava, Nhlangano wa Mabindzu ya Misava, na Mintlawa ya Matiko lamakulu ya 7 na 20. Hikwalaho ka matimba yawona yo hlohlotela, Ntwanonao lowu wovoniwa tanhi hi mfumo wa matimba wa misava.&lt;ref name=&quot;The European Superpower&quot;&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Belgique - Bruxelles - Schuman - Berlaymont - 01.jpg|thumb|center|European Commission]]

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Matsalwa ya nkoka/Xiyenge/2a</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>4849</id>
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      <id>30120</id>
      <parentid>30073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-08-17T07:35:56Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="9888" sha1="kk6d5vz1awnslj279bsvwum6q9vyvul" xml:space="preserve">
{{Wikipedia:Matsalwa Ya nkoka/Level/Nav bar}}

Lawa i matsalwa ya Dzana yankoka eka '''Wikiphediya ya Xinghezi''', naswona mavumba xiyenge xavumbirhi eka nxaxamelo wa matsalwa ya nkoka eka Wikiphediya leyi.
&lt;small&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot;
|+
|-
!Xiyenge!!-!!Nkutlunya &lt;br&gt; wa sweswi!!Pakani ya &lt;br&gt; Nkutlunya
|-
|Tinhlayo||:||6||6
|-
|Ntivo vuthlarhi||:||27||27
|-
|Nhlangano wa vanhu||:||16||16
|-
|Thekinoloji||:||7||7
|-
|Filosofi na vukhongeri||:||10||10
|-
|Matimu||:||3||3
|-
|Vuqambhi||:||5||5
|-
|Ntivo-mbangu||:||22||22
|-
|Swinwana||:||4||4
|-
|'''Ntsengo''' ||:|| '''100'''||'''100'''
|}
&lt;/small&gt;
Matsala makamberiwa hi swiyenge leswi landzelaka:
{{Div col|2}}
* Matsalwa ya siku {{Icon|FA}} (Matsalwa lamahlawuriweke ku kombisiwa eka tluka nkulu)
* Xiyenge xa - A {{Icon|A}}  (Tsalwa leri heleleke)
* Xiyenge xa - B {{Icon|B}}  (Tsalwa ra kahle)
* Xiyenge xa - C {{Icon|C}}  (Tsalwa leri lavaka ku hlakarherisiwa)
* Tsalwa ro Amukeleka {{Icon|GA}}
* Tsalwa ra ramasungulo {{Icon|Start}}

{{Div col end}}

Mifungo leyi tirhisiweke laha yingava yi hundzeriwe hi nkarhi, u khutaziwa ku lulamisa swi hoxo loko swirikona.

==Ntsengo lowu heleleke: 100 eka Wikiphediya leyi ya Xitsonga==
Wu lulamisiwe ro hetelela hi -- [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 08:59, 8 Mhawuri 2017 (UTC)
&lt;br&gt;

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

=== Tinhlayo (6:6) (''Mathematics'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Dyondzo-Tinhlayo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mathematics|Mathematics]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Tinhlayo hi tinomboro]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Arithmetic|Arithmetic]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Tinhlayo-vupimi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Geometry|Geometry]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Tinhlayo-vuringanisi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Algebra|Algebra]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vukambisisi bya Dyondzo-Tinhlayo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mathematical analysis|Mathematical analysis]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nomboro]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Number|Number]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Ntivo vuthlarhi (27:27) (''Science'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Sayensi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Science|Science]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Ntumbuluko]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Nature|Nature]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ntivo-Ntumbuluko]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Physics|Physics]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Athomu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Atom|Atom]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Gezi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Electricity|Electricity]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Matimba]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Energy|Energy]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Xiaka-Swilo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Matter|Matter]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Rivoningo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Light|Light]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Mpfumawulo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Sound|Sound]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ntivo-Mirhi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Chemistry|Chemistry]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Mati]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Water|Water]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ntivo-Vutomi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Biology|Biology]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vutomi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Life|Life]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Portal:Swimilana|Swimilana]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Plant|Plant]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Swiharhi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Animal|Animal]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vanhu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Human|Human]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vutshunguri]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Medicine|Medicine]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Rihanyo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Health|Health]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Sayensi ya Misava]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Earth science|Earth science]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Misava]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Earth|Earth]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Sayensi ya Misava|Jiyoloji]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Geology|Geology]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Sayensi ya maxele]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Meteorology|Meteorology]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Maxelo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Weather|Weather]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Tinguva]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Climate|Climate]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Dyondzo-Tinyeleti]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Astronomy|Astronomy]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Matilo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Universe|Universe]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Mpimo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Measurement|Measurement]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

{{col-break}}

=== Nhlangano wa vanhu (16:16) (''Society'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nhlangano wa vanhu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Society|Society]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ndhzavuko]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Culture|Culture]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Sayensi ya mahanyele]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Social science|Social science]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Mabindzu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Business|Business]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Politiki]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Politics|Politics]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Hulumendhe]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Government|Government]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Demokhrasi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Democracy|Democracy]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vusocha]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Military|Military]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Tiko]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:State_(polity)|State]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Matiko la ma hlanganeke]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:United Nations|United Nations]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nawu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Law|Law]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Tidyondzo ta ikhonomi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Economics|Economics]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Mali]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Money|Money]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ta mahungu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mass media|Mass media]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nyimpi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:War|War]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Dyondzo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Education|Education]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Thekinoloji (7:7) (''Technology'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Thekinoloji]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Technology|Technology]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vunjhiniyera]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Engineering|Engineering]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Inthaneti]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Internet|Internet]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Khompuyuta]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Computer|Computer]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vutleketli]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Transport|Transport]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vurimi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Agriculture|Agriculture]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Tinkomponi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Industry|Industry]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Filosofi na vukhongeri (10:10) (''Philosophy and religion'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vukhongeri]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Religion|Religion]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vukreste]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Christianity|Christianity]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vusurumani]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Islam|Islam]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vuyuda]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Judaism|Judaism]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vuhindu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Hinduism|Hinduism]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vubhuda]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Buddhism|Buddhism]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Filosofi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Philosophy|Philosophy]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Vutivi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Knowledge|Knowledge]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Mihleketo]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Mind|Mind]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
** {{Icon|Start}} [[Matikhomele]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Ethics|Ethics]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

{{col-break}}

=== Matimu (3:3) (''History'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Matimu yo sungula]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Prehistory|Prehistory]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Matimu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:History|History]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Matimu ya misava]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:History of the world|History of the world]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Vutshila (5:5) (''Arts'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vuaki]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Architecture|Architecture]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vutshila]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Art|Art]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Filimi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Film|Film]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vutsari]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Literature|Literature]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vunanga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Music|Music]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Ntivo-mbangu (8:22) (''Geography'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ntivo-mbangu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Geography|Geography]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Dorobha]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:City|City]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Lwandle]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Ocean|Ocean]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Afrika]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Africa|Africa]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Amerikha ya le Nwalungu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:North America|North America]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:South America|South America]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Yuropa]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Europe|Europe]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Middle East|Middle East]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Axiya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Asia|Asia]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Oxiyeniya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Oceania|Oceania]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Antakthika]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Antarctica|Antarctica]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|C}} [[Afrika Dzonga]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:South Africa|South Africa]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nayjeriya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Khenya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Kenya|Kenya]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ghana]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Amerikha]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:United States of America|United States of America]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Rhaxiya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Russia|Russia]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Chayina]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Indiya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:India|India]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Japani]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Japan|Japan]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:African Union|African Union]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Nhlangono wa matiko ya Yuropa]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:European Union|European Union]]'')&lt;/small&gt;

=== Swinwana (4:4) (''Other'') ===
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ririmi]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Language|Language]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Tamintlangu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Sport|Sport]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Ntlangu]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Game|Game]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Icon|Start}} [[Swakudya]] &lt;small&gt;(''[[:en:Food|Food]]'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{col-end}}


[[Category:Matsalwa yankoka]]</text>
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    <title>Tindlu ta Vatsonga</title>
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      <text bytes="5059" sha1="q4sg2yqnzk6pw3lua65h4awhelgu0tw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HJ-1-P304.png|right|thumb|Vavasati va le xipilongo, va thlokola leswaku vata sweka swakudya swa namadyambu.&lt;ref name=ph0&gt;Henri Junod - &quot;[https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft Life of a south african tribe]&quot;. Vol 1, 1922&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'''Tindlo ta Vatsonga''' a ti akiwa kusuka eka switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko swo fana na timhandzi, byanyi, maribye, misava na swin’wana. A va aka tindlo ta vona ti va ta xivumbeko xa xirhendzevutana ti rhendzela jarata ra muti.Tindlo leti a ti tlhela ti va na mahlayiselo ya tona loko ti hlakarile malwangu, kumbe makhumbi ya tona hambi ehansi laha a ti tlhela ti kuma ku fuleriwa, ku phamiwa no sindziwa leswaku ti tshama ti languteka ti hlayisekile hi mikarhi hinkwayo. Tindlu a ti kuma mitirho ku ya hi ku hambana ka tona. Laha tin’wana a ku etleriwa ka tona, ku swekela eka tona, ku hlayisela swingolongodzwana swa muti na swin’wana. Kambe tindlu leti ti ya ti ri karhi ti nyamalala hikwalaho ka ku cinca ka swilo ni hi mikucetelo leyi vangiwaka hi vanhu vo huma ematikweni ya lehandle.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
Junod u hlamusela leswaku khale Vatsonga a va ri na tinxaka timbirhi ta tindlu. Tindlu ta ndhavuko wa Vatsonga a ti fana na tindlu leti Valungu va ti akelaka tinyoxi. Tindlu ta khale ta Vatsonga a ti akiwa hi timhandzi na tinhlanga, ti endla khumbi. Ehenhla ka rona a ku tlhandlekiwa lwangu ra timhandzi ni byanyi. Tindlu to tala ta Vatsonga a tiri ta xirhendzevutana.&lt;ref name=ph2&gt; HA Junod, &quot;[https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft Tsonga languages and dialects]&quot; - '''the Internet Archive'''. Retrieved 14 March 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku ya hi matimu lawa ya nga boxiwa laha henhla hinkwako lomu va nga famba va ya kona Vatsonga lava a va ri na maakelo, matshamelo ya tindlu ku ya hi ndhavuko wa vona. Matsalwa ya Da Sive ira ya kombisa leswi:

  ''&quot;Vatsonga a va tshama eka tinxaka timbirhi ta tindlu. A va tshama eka tindlu ta ku fana na tindlu ta tinxaka leti Valungu va ti akaka. Tindlu tin’wana a ku ri tindlu to akiwa hi timhandze na tinhlanga ti endla makhumbi. Kutani ehenhla ka tona ku tlhandlekiwa lwangu ra timhandze na byanyi.Tindlu to tala a ku ri ta xirhendzevutani.&quot;''&lt;ref name=&quot;ph2&quot; /&gt;

Khale ku aka tindlu a swi nga va durheli nchumu, a swo lava ntamu wa munhu hikuva hinkwaswo swa switirhisiwa a ku ri swa ntumbuluko. 
  ''“Tindlu ta Vatsonga a ti akiwa hi switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko. A ti akiwa hi timhandzi, leti a ti ri tona a ti rhanga ti endla rimba (frame) kutani ti phamiwa lomu xikarhi hi misava ya tshuka.”'' - Mhinga&lt;ref name=ph3&gt;Mhinga M.E,''Nkucetelo wa vukreste eka mafambisele ya muti wa ndhavuko wa vatsonga'', University of Limpopo - 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Tindlu leti hlamuseriwaka a ta ha talangi exikarhi ka Vatsonga, leswi swi va swi vangiwa hi ku chava ku tekeriwa ehansi na hi mikucetelo leyi vangiweke hi Valungu ehenhla ka Vantima. Ku vile na ku cinca lokukulu, loku vangiweke hi ku landzelela mikhuva ya Xilungu, ku sukeriwa maendlelo ya ndhavuko wa xikhale, hikuva ematshan’weni ya tindlu to tala ku akiwa yin’we yi hambanyisiwa hi makamara.

ku fika ka Maswisa eAfrika ku endlile leswaku maakelo ni mahlayiselo ya tindlu ta ndhavuko swi suka matihlweni ya Wantima, ku langutiwa ntsena eka maakelo ya tindlu ta Xilungu laha eka switirhisiwa hinkwaswo swi ngo xavisiwa ku sukeriwa swa ntumbuluko.
&lt;br&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float: centre; font-style: italic; font-size: 80%; border: none; cellpadding:5;&quot;
!rowspan=&quot;16&quot; | [[File:HJ-1-P282.png|centre|400x400px]] 
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Tindlu ta Muti wa Xitsonga
|-
| 1) 
| Yindlu ya Hosinkati 
| 2) 
| [[Xiluvelo]]   
|-
| 3) 
| Yindlu ya Nsati wa Vumbirhi 
| 4) 
| Yindlu ya Nsati wa Vunharhu
|-
| 5) 
| Yindlu ya Nsati wa Vunthlanu 
| 6) 
| Yindlu ya Nsati wa Vuntsevu 
|-
| 7) 
| [[Yindlu ya Nsati wa Nzisana]] yo sungula ya  
| 8) 
| Yindlu ya Nsati wa Nzisana yo vumbirhi ya Wanuna 
|-
| 9) 
| Yindlu ya Nsati wa Nzisana yo vunharhu ya Wanuna 
| 10) 
| Yindlu ya Nsati wa Nzisana yo vumune ya Wanuna 
|-
| 11) 
| [[Yindlu ya jaha]] ra Wanuna 
| 12) 
| [[Yindlu ya mzala]] wa Wanuna 
|-
| 13) 
| [[Yindlu ya Muendzi]] 
| 14) 
| [[Lawu]] ra Vafana 
|-
| 15) 
| [[Nhanga]] ya Vanhwanyana 
| 16) 
| Nyangwa-nkulu wa Muti 
|-
| 17) 
| Minyangwa ya swihambukelo 
| 18) 
| [[Xivala xa tihomu]] 
|-
| 19) 
| [[Xivala xa timbuti]] 
| 20) 
| [[Xivala xa tinguluve]] 
|-
| 21) 
| [[Vandla]] ra vavanuna 
| 22) 
| [[Huvo]] ra muti 
|-
| 23) 
| [[Xitendze|Switendze]] swa muti 
| 24) 
| xirhapa xa nkuma 
|-
| 25) 
| [[Gandzelo]] ra muti 
| 26) 
| Minsinya ya mindzuti e Huveni 
|-
| 27) 
| [[Xihahlu|Swihahlu]] swa tihuku  
| 28) 
| [[Dulu|Madulu/Switlati]] swa muti
|-
| 29) 
| Vukwele 
| 30) 
| Nsimu ya fole 
|}

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
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{{Navbox
&lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt;
| name = Tindlu ta Vatsonga
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| title = [[Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
| bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = 
| list1 =
[[Xiluvelo]] {{·}} [[Yindlu ya Nsati lonkulu]] {{·}} [[Nhanga]] {{·}} [[Lawu]] {{·}} [[Xivala]] {{·}} [[Nturuka]] {{·}} [[Dulu]] {{·}} [[Xitendze]] {{·}} [[Xivava]] {{·}}[[Xihahlu]] {{·}} [[Xitanga]] {{·}} [[Ndhumbha]] {{·}} [[Gandzelo]] {{·}} [[Bandhla]] {{·}} [[Huvo]]
| below =
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nturuka</title>
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      <text bytes="3629" sha1="29yrhfl24da1ecwr1eq6nub05b1no96" xml:space="preserve">'''Nturuka''' i yindlu ya Vatsonga laha a va hlayisela kona mavele ni timbewu tin’wana ta vona. Nturuka a wu kuma mitirho yo hlaya. A wu kuma ntirho wo hlayisela mavele, ku tshivelela ndzilo va swekela kona kumbe ku orha. Mavele lama a ya tshama enturukeni a ya nga dyiwi hi swidozi kumbe ku hehliwa, hi kuva a ya tshama ya ri karhi ya mbulukela hi musi. Nturuka a wu tlhela nakambe wu kuma ntirho wo hlayisela swibye swo fana na timbita, makhuwana, majomela ni swin’wana swingolongondzwana swa muti.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;Mhinga M.E,''Nkucetelo wa vukreste eka mafambisele ya muti wa ndhavuko wa vatsonga'', University of Limpopo - 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maakelo ya nturuka ==
Muaki wa nturuka u sungula a tshala xirhendzevutana lexikulu. Endzhaku ku ceriwa magoji yo enta. Ku tekiwa timhandzi to leha ta swiphandzi ti celeriwa, ku laviwa to lala ti famba ti xoxela khumbi. Exikarhi ka yindlu leyi a ku tlhela ku tsariwa xirhendzevutana xo ringana nturuka, na swona ku ta ceriwa magoji ya ku ringana nturuka ku hoxeteriwa timhandzi ta swiphandzi ta nxanatsi to kwamuleriwa. Laha swiphandzi swi fikaka kona ku tekiwa leto bumbula ti hingakanyiwa ro sungula swi tiya, ku petsiwa rimbalelo ra le hansi. Endzhaku ka swona ku tekiwa leto yima kwale henhla ti tlhomela endzeni ka rimbalelo ra kona, ku tlhela ku siyiwa nyangwa wo nghena hi wona. Nturuka a wu ri na tinyangwa timbirhi, wa yindlu leyi nga ta fuleriwa na wa nturuka endzeni ka yindlu. Nturuka a wu xoxeriwa hi timhandzi to kwamuleriwa byewu leswaku wu ta teka nkarhi wo leha. Loko timhandzi to kwamuleriwa ti xoxeriwile, ku petsiwa rimbalelo ra le xikarhi ivi ri khomiwa hi byewu byo tsakama, ku sahiwa timhandzi ti ringanana kwale henhla. Nturuka a wu va endzeni ka yindlu leyi nga akiwa, exikarhi a ku sala ndhawu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

Mafulelelo ya yindlu ya nturuka a ya fana na ya tiyindlu tin’wana, lama a ya tirhisa tipala, timbalelo, byewu na byanyi bya makenya. Ku tekiwa byanyi byi ndlaleriwa ka timhandzi to lala leti nga ndlalela etshakwini leswaku mavele hambi timhandzi to tshuka ti hlekahleka ya nga weli ehansi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Mafulelele ya nturuka ==
Ku sunguriwa hi ku vekiwa tipala ehenhla kutani ti hlanganisiwa hi tinhloko lomu ti nga vatliwa hi kona hi byewu byo tsakama ti bohiwa swi tiya swinene. Endzhaku ku tekiwa timbalelo leto vaveriwa no kwamuriwa byewu ti tlhela ti pandziwa hi le xikarhi ti ya sungula ehansi ka lwangu ti ri karhi ti petsiwa ti bohiwa na pala swi tiya ku kondza timbalelo ti ya fika exihlungwaneni. Loko ku betsa swi fike makumu, ku laviwa makenya yo fulela hi wona ivi ma lukiwa. Loko makenya ya herile ku lukiwa, ku sunguriwa erimbalelweni ra le hansi ku tsondzela swi tiya. Kutani makenya ya fambisiwa ehenhla ka rimbalelo rin’wana ni rin’wana, ku kondza ya ya fika exinhlungwanini ivi ku tsondzeleriwa tipala hi makenya swi tiya leswaku swi nga pfuti, swi nga borisa mbewu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Swin'wana ==
Loko nturuka wu herile ku akiwa no fuleriwa ku laviwa swimhandzani swo kwamuriwa byewu swo koma, ku endliwa nyangwa hi swona hi ku swi xoxela swi khoma hi rimbalelo ra le hansi na ra le xikarhi, kambe swona a swi petsiwi swo tlhometeriwa kunene leswaku swi olovisa ku pfula na ku pfala. Nturuka a wu phamiwi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dulu</title>
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      <text bytes="2611" sha1="1kj3epwoef8jxleddbsy3bigq0w0s00" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HJ-2-P27.png|thumb|Xitlati xa ka Sokisi]]

'''Dulu''' (''kumbe '''Xitlati''''') i yindlu ya vatsonga laha a va hlayisela kona swakudya swa muti. Dulu a ku ri wona muako lowu a wu khome muti, handle ka dulu muti a wu nga ta swi kota ku hanya. Dulu a ri tirha ku hlayisa mavele lawa a ya dyiwa emutini na swin’wana swakudya a swi hlayisiwa edulwini swo fana na mariwa, makwembe na swin’wana.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;Mhinga M.E,''Nkucetelo wa vukreste eka mafambisele ya muti wa ndhavuko wa vatsonga'', University of Limpopo - 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maakelo ya dulu ==
Dulu a ku ri muako wuntsongo lowu a wu ri na xihlawulekiso xa wona. Muaki wa dulu u sungula a ya tsema timhandzi to bumbula na to lala, swiphandzi a tsema timbalelo, byewu a kutla na byanyi. Loko switirhisiwa swi kumekile hi kona a ta tsala dulu ra yena. Vatsonga a va ri na ntolovelo wo tsala xirhendzevutana hi nenge ku kombisa laha muako va lavaka leswaku wu ta hi kona, kutani ku ceriwa makhele yo celela timhandzi. Hixitalo aku ceriwa nhungu wa magoji. Loko ti celeriwile timhandzi, ku tlhela ku laviwa timhandzi to bumbula ta swiphandze to koma eka leto leha. Kutani ku tekiwa tin’wana to bumbula, ti hingakanyiwa ehenhla ka swiphandzi. Kutani ku tekiwa timbalelo na byewu ti betsiwa rimbalelo ra le hansi ku ri karhi ku khomiwa timhandzi to yima na swiphandzi ti bohiwa hi byewu leswaku swi tiya. Loko timhandzi ti hlanganisiwile ti xoxelana leto lala exikarhi ka leto bumbula ku tlhela ku bohiwa rimbalelo ra le xikarhi na ro hetelela ra le henhla, ivi tikomiwa le henhla hi byewu leswaku swi ta tiya swinene.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

Loko ntirho wo koma wu herile ku xoxeriwa timhandzi to lala etshakwini ra dulu leswaku ku ndlaleriwa byanyi leswaku mavele na timbewu tin’wana swi nga wi. Madulu ku fana na tindlu ya endleriwa malwangu no fuleriwa hi makenya swi tiya ku sivela leswaku timbewu na swirimiwa swin’wana swi nga tsakami. Endzhaku ko fulela, dulu a ri ta endleriwa rivanti ra swimhandzani swo koma leswi a swi nga ta betsiwa kambe a swi to xoxeriwa kunene exikarhi ka rimbalelo ra le xikarhi na ra le henhla. Madulu a ya hambanile na mituruka hikuva wona loko ya hete ku akiwa a ya tlhela ya phamiwa makhumbi hi misava ya tshuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xitendze</title>
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      <text bytes="3685" sha1="ot95bnnrsdo2yq537xnbbdfssmmocw5" xml:space="preserve">'''Xitendze''' i yindlu ya Vatsonga laha a va hlayisela kona timbewu. Xitendze a xi ri ni ntirho lowu kulu eka Vatsonga va khale. Ntirho wa xona a ku ri ku hlayisela timbewu to fana na n’wahuva, tinwhembe ta tinyawa, makalavatla, mariwa, maxalani, tinwhembe ta makwembe na tin’wana. Muhlayisi wa timbewu a hlayisa timbewu ta yena hi ku hambana ka tona, tin’wana a ti cheriwa eswiphaphanini leswintsongo leswaku ti nga hlanganani. Endzhaku a swi cheleteriwa endzeni ka xitendze. Loko ti tele, muhlayisi wa timbewu a teka xitewani a khubumeta ehenhla ka xitendze a pfala hi xona endzhaku a teka vulongo bya tihomu a lemela hi byona leswaku timbewu ta yena ti nga ngheneli hi swindodzi na swihehli swin’wana. Maendlelo lawa a va ya tirhisa ni loko va cheletele timbewu ta vona etimbiteni, a va cheletela loko mbita yi tele, a va lava nkambani va pfala nomo wa mbita va tlhela va lema hi vulongo leswaku mbewu yi ta hlayiseka.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;Mhinga M.E,''Nkucetelo wa vukreste eka mafambisele ya muti wa ndhavuko wa vatsonga'', University of Limpopo - 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maakelo ya xitendze ==
Xitendze na xona xi akiwa hi switirhisiwa swo huma eka ntumbuluko swo fana na timhandzi, byewu, timbalelo, tipala na byanyi byo fulela hi byona. Xitendze a xi nga ri na ntirho wo tala ku endla xona, a xo lava timhandzi ta nhungu kumbe khume to kota ku khoma lwangu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

Muaki wa xitendze u sungula a tsala xirhendzevutana a ringanisa ku kula ka xitendze lexi a lavaka xona. Endzhaku ehenhla ka xirhendzevutani a famba a cela makhele ku nga makhele ya nhungu kumbe khume ya enta swinene leswaku loko a hoxa timhandzi a paletela swi ta tiya hi kuva ti ya rhwala lwangu. Loko a celerile a lava mhandzi yo bumbula nyana leyi nga celeriwa exikarhi ka leta khume yo khoma tipala leti nga ta endla lwangu ra xitendze. Ku fana na loko ku fuleriwa malwangu laman’wana tipala a ti ta bohiwa hi byewu leti hlanganaka kona. Endzhaku ti betsiwa hi timbalelo na byewu ku suka ehansi ka lwangu ku kondza ku ya fika exihlungwanini le tipala ti nga hlangana kona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

Loko xitendze xi herile ku betsiwa hi timbalelo a ku lukiwa makenya hi byanyi lebyi nga sungula byi phuphuteriwa leswaku byi nga tshoveleleki, lawa na wona a ya ta tsondzeriwa ku suka eka rimbalelo ra le hansi ku ya fika exihlungwaneni laha a va ta fika va tsondzela makenya ko hlayanyana leswaku lwangu ri nga pfuti, va tlhela va tiyisa hi byewu va boha makenya na timbalelo leswaku hambi moya wu ba swi nga hahluki. Exikarhi ka muako lowu ehansi a ku tekiwa byanyi ku lukiwa xitendze byi ri karhi byi vumba nchumu wonge i tandza hi xivumbeko, va ri karhi va khotsa hi byanyi xi kondza xi ya hela, laha va hetelelaka kona a va boha hi ngoti leswaku xi nga phurumuki kumbe ku tlhantlheka loko xi ri karhi xi tirha. Loko va hetile ku aka xitendze a va tlhela va teka timhandzi ta tsevu to ka ti nga bumbulangi ngopfu to koma, ti tlhela ti kwamuriwa byewu, va ti celela exikarhi ka lwangu leri nga fuleriwa leswaku ri ta khoma xitendze, hala matlhelo ka xona loko va celerile a va tlhela va xi betsa hi timbalelo hala hansi, exikarhi na le henhla va tiyisisa hi byewu. Loko va nga lavi ku tirhisa xitendze a va vumba yinkho/ mbita leyikulu va veka yona kwala xikarhi ka muako lowo fuleriwa yi yimela xitendze.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xivava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4857</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30623</id>
      <parentid>30010</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-10-27T04:50:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>30623</origin>
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      <text bytes="3881" sha1="9uvcyo2j7e02v3k6c4tdp4xu6yn8jaq" xml:space="preserve">'''Xivava''' i ndhawu yo hlawuleka leyi Vatsonga a va tshivelela ndzilo, ku swekela kona swakudya swa vona no xuxela kona hi mikarhi ya vuxika. Laha i ndhawu leyi vakheghula a va tala ku tshama kona va tsheketela vatukulu va vona mitsheketo. Xivava na xona a xi endliwa hi switirhisiwa swo huma eka ntumbuluko. Vatsonga va khale a va ri na tinxaka tinharhu ta swivava. A va ri na xivava xa timhandzi to yimisiwa, xo endliwa hi timhandzi na tinhlanga na xivava xa timhandzi to hingakanyiwa.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;Mhinga M.E,''Nkucetelo wa vukreste eka mafambisele ya muti wa ndhavuko wa vatsonga'', University of Limpopo - 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maakelo ya Xivava ==
Loko Vatsonga va khale va lava ku aka swivava swa vona a va sungula va kuma switirhisiwa leswi enhoveni ehandle ko swi xava. Loko va hlengeletile a va fika va tsala xirhendzevutana tani hi ntolovelo ni muxaka wa tiyindlu leti a va aka tona. 

===Xivava xa timhandzi===
Maendelo ya Xivava xa timhandzi, ya sungula hi ku tsala xirhendzevutani hi nenge, Kutani va famba va cela makhele ehenhla ka xona lomu a va ta hoxetela timhandzi to bumbula. Timhandzi to bumbula timbirhi a va ta tlhela va ya ti celela enyangweni ti langutana laha a va ta ya endla nyangwa wa vona kona. Loko va heta ku celela timhandzi a va sungula ku betsa rimbalelo ra le ndzeni ku sukela ehansi ku kondza va ya fika enyangweni ya xivava, kutani va famba va xoxela timhandzi to lala ku sukela enyangweni va hlanganyisa xivava. Loko va hlanganyisile a va humela ehandle ka xivava va boha rimbalelo ra le hansi va ri karhi va tiyisa hi byewu lebyo tsakama swi tiya swinene.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

Loko rimbalelo ra le handle ri fike emakumu a va ta sungula ku boha rimbalelo ra le xikarhi, endzeni ni le handle na swona va ri karhi va tiyisa hi byewu byo tsakama. Rimbalelo ro hetelela a va ta ya ri boha ehenhla laha na kona a va ta boha endzeni ni le handle, va hetelela va tsema timhandzi le henhla ti ringanana va tlhela va koma hi byewu swi tiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

===Xivava xa timhandzi na tinhlanga===
Kasi handle ka xivava xo endliwa hi timhandzi ntsena a va tlhela va ri na xo endliwa hi timhandzi na tinhlanga, laha na kona ematshanweni yo xoxela timhandzi to lala, a ku xoxeriwa tinhlanga exikarhi ka timhandzi to bumbula va tlhela va betsa timbalelo ehansi, exikarhi ni le henhla va tiyisa hi byewu byo tsakama.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

===Xivava xo hingakanya timhandzi===
Maendlelo ya xivava xo hingakanya timhandzi ya hambanile swintsongo na maendlelo lama mbirhi ya ha ku boxiwaka laha henhla, hikuva eka lawa ku celeriwa timhandzi ehenhla ka xirhendzevutana kambe tona ti famba hi timbirhi-mbirhi endzeni ni le handle ku kondza ti ya fika enyangweni ya xivava, laha na kona ku nga celeriwa timhandzi timbirhi to bumbula ti langutana ti endla rimba. Xivava xa muxaka lowu a xi betsiwi hikuva timhandzi letiya ti nga celeriwa hi timbirhimbirhi ti va ti fambe kusuhi na kusuhi ku kota ku khoma timhandzi kumbe tihunyi leti nga ta hingakanyiwa exikarhi. Ku endla xivava a swi nga ri na ntirho wo tala hikuva a xi nga fuleriwi hambi ku phamiwa khumbhi hi misava ku fana na miako leyi n’wana.&lt;ref name=ph3&gt;Oxford South African School Dictionary, P143 - 2006&lt;/ref&gt;

==Swin'wana==
Swivava a swi cheleteriwa misava laha ehansi swi endleriwa switiko exikarhi laha a ku ta tshiveriwa ndzilo kona, swi chayiwa , swi sindziwa hi misava yo tshuka no rhideriwa hi misava yo ntima hi xirhidelo, yi tlhela yi sindziwa hi vulongo bya tihomu ku fana na tiyindlu tinene.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
      <sha1>9uvcyo2j7e02v3k6c4tdp4xu6yn8jaq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Xihahlu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4858</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39220</id>
      <parentid>39188</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-02-10T21:29:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TenWhile6</username>
        <id>8226</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>-spam</comment>
      <origin>39220</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2840" sha1="87j118ln0f0orpavankleu5180r2ec4" xml:space="preserve">'''Xihahlu''' a xi ri na mintirho yo hlawuleka, tani hi muako wa le kaya, ku hlayisa tihuku ti nga dyiwi hi swihadyana swo fana na vamanghovo, Magama na swiharhi swin’wana. Matandza ya tihuku na wona a ya hlayiseka swinene exihahlwini hikuva timbyana na swihadyana swin’wana a swi nga ya fikeleli.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;Mhinga M.E,''Nkucetelo wa vukreste eka mafambisele ya muti wa ndhavuko wa vatsonga'', University of Limpopo - 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maakelo ya Xihahlu ==
Muaki wa xihahlu u sungula a cela makhele ya khumembirhi ya enta nyana leswaku timhandzi leti nga ta hoxeteriwa emakheleni ti ta tiya loko ti gandiwa hi misava. Loko makhele ya lulamisiwile ku ya hoxeteriwa timhandzi ta swiphandzi hi yin’we-yin’we ti ri karhi ti gandliwa ti tiya. Endzhaku u teka timhandzi ta ntsevu to bumbula nyana a ti hingakanyela eka leta swiphandzi, loko a heta a teka leto lala to ka ti nga kwamuleriwangi byewu a nanekela kwale henhla etshakweni ra xihahlu. Loko a hetile u teka rimbalelo a boha timhandzi ta swiphandzi na leto nanekela hi byewu byo tsakama swi tiya, a tlhela a boha rimbalelo ra le xikarhi na ro hetelela a koma le henhla. Kutani a saha timhandzi kwale henhla ti ringanana.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

==Mafulelelo ya xihahlu==
Mufuleri wa xihahlu u sungula a teka tipala a ti hlanganisa hi tinhloko hi hala ku nga vatliwa a boha hi byewu swi tiya swinene. Endzhaku a teka timbalelo to betsa a sungula ku betsa, a sungula ehansi ka lwangu ku ya fika exinhlungwanini a ri karhi a boha hi byewu swi tiya. Naswona loko a fika exihlungwanini u tsondzela byewu a vuyavuyisa leswaku swi ta tiya. Loko a heta ku betsa timbalelo u phuphutela byanyi leswaku a ta luka makenya, ku ringana xihahlu lexi a lavaka ku fulela xona. Loko ya herile ku lukiwa u famba a ya tsondzela ehenhla ka timbalelo a ri karhi a lulama na tona ku kondza a ya fika exinhlungwanini a tsondzela hi makenya a vuyavuyisa leswaku mati ya nga ngheni loko ku na mpfula a tlhela a tiyisa hi byewu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

==Swin'wana==
Xihahlu a xi ri xa nkoka ngopfu hikuva tihuku leti tshamaka exihahlwini hambi ti nga funghiwangi a ti lahleki ti hlayisekile. Tihuku leti a ti tshama exihahlwini a ti nga dyi xin’wana ni xin’wana a ti dya leswi a ti nyikiwa swona.

  &quot;Tihuku a ta ha endleriwi swihahlu swa xivumbeko xa xintu xa Vatsonga lexi xa ku akiwa emoyeni xi yimisiwa ehenhla ka timhandzi ku sivela tihuku ku va ti fikeriwa hi swihadyana leswi dyaka tihuku.&quot; -- Mhinga&lt;ref name=&quot;ph2&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
      <sha1>87j118ln0f0orpavankleu5180r2ec4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Xiluvelo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30012</id>
      <timestamp>2017-08-10T09:06:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Xiluvelo''' a ku ri vuwiselo bya nhloko ya muti, naswona a xi hlayisa tinhonga ta n’wini wa muti xikan’we na swingolongondzwana swa yena swo fana na tinhonga to tihlayi...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30012</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1602" sha1="ewrfcgs75xaseq0lipijrdfps1f3kqp" xml:space="preserve">'''Xiluvelo''' a ku ri vuwiselo bya nhloko ya muti, naswona a xi hlayisa tinhonga ta n’wini wa muti xikan’we na swingolongondzwana swa yena swo fana na tinhonga to tihlayisa hi tona, mitundzwana leyi a yi tirha tani hi tibege to longela mpahla loko va tshuka va teke maendzo na swin’wana. Xiluvelo a xithlela xiva ndzhawu yo amukela vayeni emutini.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;Mhinga M.E,''Nkucetelo wa vukreste eka mafambisele ya muti wa ndhavuko wa vatsonga'', University of Limpopo - 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu na ma tirhisele ==
Xiluvelo a ku ri vuwiselo bya nhloko ya muti. Loko wanuna wa muti a nga lavi ku vonana na wansati wo karhi hi nkarhi wolowo a ta kumeka exiluvelweni, laha a ta kumeka a ri yexe swa nkarhinyana wo lowo a ti hlawuleleke wona. Xiluvelo a xi tlhela xi va na tinyangwa timbirhi leti na tona a ti ri na ntirho lowukulu swinene, laha nyangwa wo sungula a ku ri wo nghena hi wona, kasi wa vumbirhi a ku ri wo baleka hi wona loko to tshuka ti bihile.Handle ka minyangwa leyi a hi tlhela hi kuma khona leyi xiluvelo a xi ri na yona kwala handle ka xona, leyi na yona a yi khome ntirho wa kahle swinene, ku nga ku tumbela kona loko a lwa tinyimpi leti a tshuka a hlangana na tona kwala kaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
      <sha1>ewrfcgs75xaseq0lipijrdfps1f3kqp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xitanga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4860</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30014</id>
      <timestamp>2017-08-10T09:13:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Xitanga''' a ku ri yindlu leyi tirhisiwaka ku swekela eka yona, ngopfungopfu loko kuna mpfula.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/ma...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30014</origin>
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      <text bytes="1182" sha1="0hb3b7gnquraxw7eibblas08w1isrvk" xml:space="preserve">'''Xitanga''' a ku ri yindlu leyi tirhisiwaka ku swekela eka yona, ngopfungopfu loko kuna mpfula.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;Mhinga M.E,''Nkucetelo wa vukreste eka mafambisele ya muti wa ndhavuko wa vatsonga'', University of Limpopo - 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu na ma tirhisele ==
Vatsonga vakhale a va tala ku swekela swakudya swa vona ehandle, handle ka masiku lawa a ku kumeka ku ri na mpfula.

  &quot;Tindlu ta Vatsonga a ti tirhiseriwa ngopfungopfu ku etlela eka tona no hlayisa swingolongondzwana swa muti. Mitirho yo tala a yi endleriwa ehandle, handle ka loko ku ri na mpfula.&quot; -- Mhinga&lt;ref name=&quot;ph2&quot; /&gt;

Ntirho wun’wana wa xitanga a ku ri ku hlayisa swakudya leswi a swi dyiwa kwala kaya. Handle ka swakudya, xitanga a xi tirha ku khobisela tikhoba, vana va vona va vanhwanyana kwala kaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
      <sha1>0hb3b7gnquraxw7eibblas08w1isrvk</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ndhumbha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4861</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30016</id>
      <timestamp>2017-08-10T09:20:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Ndhumbha''' a ku ri yindlu leyi tirhisiwaka ku hlayisa swilo swa swikwembu swa vona swo fana na tinhlolo to hlahluva hi tona, macomani, mirhi na switirhisiwa swin’wana sw...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30016</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="997" sha1="fre03m8i9775ls20m083va80vyvhtve" xml:space="preserve">'''Ndhumbha''' a ku ri yindlu leyi tirhisiwaka ku hlayisa swilo swa swikwembu swa vona swo fana na tinhlolo to hlahluva hi tona, macomani, mirhi na switirhisiwa swin’wana swa swikwembu swa vona.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph2&gt;Mhinga M.E,''Nkucetelo wa vukreste eka mafambisele ya muti wa ndhavuko wa vatsonga'', University of Limpopo - 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu na ma tirhisele ==
Hakanyingi Ndhumbha ayi akiwa kusuhi na Gandzelo ra muti, naswona a yihlayisa swilo swa swikwembu. Ndhumbha a yi tlhela yi tirhisiwa ku laphela vavabyi ni ku fembela eka wona. Hi mikarhi ya timpfula macomani a ya chayeriwa endumbeni.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
      <sha1>fre03m8i9775ls20m083va80vyvhtve</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xivala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4865</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36474</id>
      <parentid>36461</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T04:01:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BRPever</username>
        <id>4333</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/41.228.239.240|41.228.239.240]] ([[User talk:41.228.239.240|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Maxakadzi|Maxakadzi]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2125" sha1="9096y83qa8jrn4nirm88euqjurxglrl" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Kaffir_Kraal_near_Bulawayo.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Xifaniso xa Xivala ekusuhi na Bulawayo hi lembe xidzana ra vu 19.]]
[[File:Building_an_African_Kraal_(July_1853,_X,_p.78)_-_Copy.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Xifaniso xa ku akiwa ka Xivala (Mawuwani 1853, X, p.78)&lt;ref name=&quot;Juvenile1853&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Building an African Kraal|journal=The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons|date=July 1853|volume=X|page=78|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil19socigoog|accessdate=29 February 2016|publisher=Wesleyan Missionary Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'''Xivala''' i xiakiwa xo hlayisa swifuwo swa muti wa Vatsonga, hambi leswi valavisisi lava fikeke etikweni-nkulu ra Afrika a va hlamusela muti kuri xivala. Xivala a xi akiwa hi ndlela yo sirhelela swifuwo hi ku tirhisa tinhonga to bumbula na marhavi ya mintwa ku rhendzela xivala.&lt;ref&gt;{{in 1894 Theal notes that the word kraal &quot;...is also used to signify a collection of either Hottentot or Bantu Huts...&quot;, in 1910 Kidd describes a kraal as &quot;The natives lives in round huts, which are build of wattle and daub. A kraal consists of a number of these huts grouped in a circle or crescent; the cattle-kraal, which is usually a large circular enclosure made of thorn-bush branches, being places in the centre of the circle, or else on the cord of the crescent or horseshoe.&quot; In 1913 Pettman notes that kraal may refer to &quot;Any native village or collection of huts&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=kidd&gt;{{cite book|last=Kidd|first=Dudley|title=South Africa|year=1910|publisher=A. and C. Black|location=London|url=https://archive.org/stream/southafrica00kiddiala#page/n65/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=pettman&gt;{{cite book|last=Pettman|first=Charles|title=Africanderisms; a glossary of South African colloquial words and phrases and of place and other names|year=1913|publisher=Longmans, Green and co|location=London, New York|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924026563795#page/n301/mode/2up|page=280}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist}}

{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
      <sha1>9096y83qa8jrn4nirm88euqjurxglrl</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gandzelo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <ip>41.114.71.25</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added content and also fixed typo</comment>
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      <text bytes="860" sha1="1a8aaszwm9l8kc6aeyumovesi8i29gx" xml:space="preserve">'''Gandzelo''' akuri ndzhawu leyi rhendzelaka nsinya wohlawuleka wa muti, laha aku phahliwa swikwembu kona. Aku kumeka nguvu leyi nga ta bohiwa eka nsinya naswona kuthlela kukumeka khuwana, kumbe mbita ya vumba leyi fayekeke naswona yivekiwa ehansi ka nsinya lowu wa swikwembu. Ekusuhi na wona, a kukumeka [[Ndhumbha]] ya muti.&lt;ref name=ph0&gt;Henri Junod - &quot;[https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft Life of a south african tribe]&quot;. Vol 1, Page 283, 1922&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
      <sha1>1a8aaszwm9l8kc6aeyumovesi8i29gx</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Lawu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>30617</id>
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        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
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      <text bytes="823" sha1="okxo6qt1ddyz3zm082pxbx694dkvlde" xml:space="preserve">'''Lawu''' a ku ri yindlu leyi tirhisiwaka hi vana va vafana va muti. Yindlu leyi a yi kumeka eximatsini, ekusuhi na Huvo loko u nghena hi nyangwa-nkulu wa muti. Vana hinkwavo va vafana emutini ava etlela eLawini rin'we na swona leswi a swi kucetela vuxaka na ku tirhisana exikarhi ka vona.&lt;ref name=ph0&gt;Henri Junod - &quot;[https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft Life of a south african tribe]&quot;. Vol 1, Page 283, 1922&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhanga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
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      <text bytes="820" sha1="kllfu7mgrdrqsx75d07w1htgdsftgd5" xml:space="preserve">'''Nhanga''' a ku ri yindlu leyi tirhisiwaka hi vana va vanhwanyana va muti. Yindlu leyi a yi kumeka exineneni, loko u nghena hi nyangwa-nkulu wa muti. Vana hinkwavo va vanhwanyana emutini ava etlela eNhangeni yin'we na swona leswi a swi kucetela vuxaka na ku tirhisana exikarhi ka vona.&lt;ref name=ph0&gt;Henri Junod - &quot;[https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft Life of a south african tribe]&quot;. Vol 1, Page 283, 1922&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
      <sha1>kllfu7mgrdrqsx75d07w1htgdsftgd5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Yindlu ya Nsati lonkulu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4869</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30615</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Maxakadzi</username>
        <id>5004</id>
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      <text bytes="804" sha1="rlb4a601tfsqvczxh3h10umxguwl6gl" xml:space="preserve">'''Yindlu ya Nsati lonkulu''' a yi kumeka emakumu ka muti wa Xitsonga, na swona a yi ri yindlu leyi kulukumba ku ringanisiwa na tiyindlu tin'wana emutini, tani hi leswi a yi ri yindlu ya hosinkati, wa Nuna wa muti. [[Xiluvelo]], a xi akiwa ekusuhi na yindlu ya Hosinkati.&lt;ref name=ph0&gt;Henri Junod - &quot;[https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft Life of a south african tribe]&quot;. Vol 1, Page 283, 1922&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bandhla</title>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Bandhla''' akuri xiakiwo lexi a xitirhisiwa hi vanuna va muti, ku hlanagana kona leswaku vadya, vathlela va bula timhaka ta vavanuna. Ndzhawu leyi a yikumeka eximatsini, ek...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="893" sha1="l8akphfbfnw0l57b9ogbus7kxoamtmr" xml:space="preserve">'''Bandhla''' akuri xiakiwo lexi a xitirhisiwa hi vanuna va muti, ku hlanagana kona leswaku vadya, vathlela va bula timhaka ta vavanuna. Ndzhawu leyi a yikumeka eximatsini, ekusuhi na Lawu ra vafana loko unghena hi nyangwa-nkulu wa muti. Vavasati na vanhwana ava nghena ntsena loko vatisa swakudya. Kubasisa na ku susa nkuma ebandhla, akuri mintirho ya vafana.&lt;ref name=ph0&gt;Henri Junod - &quot;[https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft Life of a south african tribe]&quot;. Vol 1, Page 283, 1922&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
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    <title>Huvo</title>
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      <timestamp>2017-08-21T11:58:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Huvo''' akuri ndhzawu leyi a yitirhisiwa ku endla mintirho leyi hlawulekeke ya muti, ku hlanagana na, kutenga timhaka ta muti, ku amukela varhumiwa va ximfumo, ku bula timh...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="959" sha1="qwho6cke6eftfvykq8cv9jc68323ica" xml:space="preserve">'''Huvo''' akuri ndhzawu leyi a yitirhisiwa ku endla mintirho leyi hlawulekeke ya muti, ku hlanagana na, kutenga timhaka ta muti, ku amukela varhumiwa va ximfumo, ku bula timhaka ta malovolo, kutenga milandzu leyi tisiweke emutini, ku dlaya no xindla swifuwo/swiharhi swa nhova, na swin'wana. Ndzhawu leyi a yikumeka ekusuhi na xivala xa tihomu, laha kungana minsinya ya mindzhuti, naswona ayi nga hlawuli wanuna eka wansati. &lt;ref name=ph0&gt;Henri Junod - &quot;[https://archive.org/details/lifeofsouthafric01junouoft Life of a south african tribe]&quot;. Vol 1, Page 283, 1922&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;Malabela NM,[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1797/malabela_nm_2015.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa maakelo, mahlayiselo ni mintirho ya tindlu ta ndzhavuko ta vatsonga], University of Limpopo - 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Tindlu ta Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tindlu ta Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Vuaki]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Godide</title>
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      <comment>/* Matimu */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2538" sha1="ly0c1xyxn6k92uyvum8jjqwvj6ormxt" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Africa-bio-stub}}
----
{{Bio}}

'''Godide Nxumalo''' (ca 1876 - † 31 Mawuwani 1911), akuri n'wana wa [[Nghunghunyana]], mufumi wohetelela wa mfumo wa Gaza. Uhlawuriwe hi tata wakwe tani hi mudyandzhaka wa yena. Ndzhaku ka ku hluriwa ka Nghunghunyana, Godide ukhomiwile hi masocha ya maphutukezi naswona a yisiwa e Lisbon, tani hi muhlampfa na mubohiwa wa mfumo wa maphutukezi e xihlaleni xa Azore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2012/369.html|title=Nxumalo v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others (3829/2011) [2012] ZAGPPHC 369 (12 November 2012)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi yena mudyandhzaka wohetelela wa mfumo wa Gaza loyi a amukeriwile.

==Matimu==
Godide uvelekiwe hi lembe ra 1876, ekusuhi na nambu wa Limpopo e tikweni ra Mozambhiki. Tata wakwe akuri Hosi Nghunghunyana naswona mana wakwe akuri Vuyazi, loyi a a lovoriwe hi Mzila, tata wa Nghunghunyana leswaku ava nsati wan'wana wa yena wa mudyandhzaka. Endzhaku ka kuvelekiwa, Vuyazi unyamalarile naswona anga thlelanga a voniwa nakambe, hiswona leswi endleke leswaku Godide a kurisiwa hi nsati loyi a vuriwaka Soni. Hambiswiritano, nghunghunyana a a rhandza n'wana loyi wakwe, naswona a a tiyisisa leswaku n'wana loyi u tshama kusuhi na yena.

Hambi leswi a angari yena n'wana wa mativula, Nghunghunyana a a n'wi langhile leswaku ava mudyandzhaka ehenhla ka Maguwa, loyi akuri yena n'wana wa mufana lonkulu wa Nghunghunyana. Vuxaka exikarhi ka Godide na Maguwa, abyiri bya valala, laha avahambeta ku kurihelana na ku lwa. Hambiswiritano, Nghunghunyana a a rhandza Godide, kutlula Maguwa, loyi a an'wivona a tsakela ngopfu tindyondzo na ririmi ra xiphutukezi, kutlula xichangana.

Godide u yile a kula na ku rhanzeka e tikweni, naswona a a kumeka a rhangela rin'wana ra mavutho ya Nghunghunyana, laha a theleke a tivisiwa tani hi mudyandzhaka loko ku fika pfhumba ra maphutukezi, e Manjhakazi.

Godide u rhangerile mavutho ya nyimpi yo hlaya laha a ringeteke ku lwa na maphutukezi lawa ama rina mathlarhi ya nyimpi yo tlula mavuthu ya Godide, naswona a hluriwa eka tinyimpi timbirhi, laha a pfumeleke leswaku avangari matimba yo hlula maphutukezi. Hambiswiritano, Godide u kombile vurhena lebyi kulu, laha a aveke muvulavuleri wa hosi Nghunghunyana, eka maphutukezi, naswona u tlangile xiphemu lexi kulu, ku xwerisa kuhlasela ka maphutukezi e Chayimeti, Nsindza wa mfumo.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Tihosi ta Gaza}}
{{Lifetime|1876|1911|Godide}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Tihosi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Tihosi ta Gaza</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <text bytes="543" sha1="7d28oi2nl1frivi6y9m336puwpo8qnt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt; 
{{Navbox
&lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt;
| name = Tihosi ta Gaza
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| title = Tihosi ta [[Mfumo wa Gaza]]
| bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = 
| list1 =
[[Soshanghana]] {{·}} [[Mawewe]] {{·}} [[Mzila]] {{·}} [[Nghunghunyana]] {{·}} [[Godide]] {{·}} [[Mpisana I|Mpisani I]] {{·}} [[Thulamahashe]] {{·}} [[Buyisonto]] {{·}} [[Kheto]] {{·}} [[Mafemani]] {{·}} [[Nghobo]] {{·}} [[Eric Nxumalo|Mpisani II]]
| below =
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Mfumo wa Gaza]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Category:Mfumo wa Gaza</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4874</id>
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    <title>Category:1876 births</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <title>Category:1911 deaths</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <title>Category:Gazaland</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:African Kingdoms</title>
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      <timestamp>2017-08-21T13:28:27Z</timestamp>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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  <page>
    <title>Soshanghana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="7084" sha1="pz7p5svmxt7uapm2ox9otm0te3hxd7d" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
Hosi '''Soshanghana ka Zikode''' ''('''Manukosi/Manukuza''')'' ''(ca 1790 - † 11 Nhlangula 1859&lt;ref name=&quot;hp0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bonner|first=P|title=Kings,Commoners and
Concessionaires|year=1982|publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=UK|isbn=0-52124270-3|page=96}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Lipschutz&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lipschutz |first=Mark R. |title=Dictionary of African Historical Biography |last2=Rasmussen |first2=R. Kent |publisher=University of California Press |year=1986 |isbn=9780520066113 |edition=2nd |pages=223 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; )'', a kuri hosi na musimeki wa mfumo wa Gaza, lowu emanembeleleni ya wona awu fuma ndzonga ra tiko ra [[Muzambhiki]], kufikela eka nambu wa Limpopo. Soshanghana u fumile e Gaza kusukela hi lembe ra 1825 kufikela loko a lova hi lembe ra 1858. Manukosi,&lt;ref&gt;http://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_shangaan_tsonga.html&lt;/ref&gt; na mavuthu ya yena ya nyimpi valwe nyimpi na Janse van Rensburg na va valangi vakwe va mabhunu, laha vadlayiweke hikwavo, kusala vana vambirhi ntsena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/johannes-jacobus-janse-lang-hans-van-rensburg-leader-one-early-voortrekker-treks%C2%A0-born-s |access-date=2017-08-22 |archive-date=2014-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219003745/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/johannes-jacobus-janse-lang-hans-van-rensburg-leader-one-early-voortrekker-treks%C2%A0-born-s |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu yo sungula ==
Soshanghana u tswariwe kwalomo ka lembe ra 1790 endzhawini leyi namunthla yi vitiwaka KwaNongoma, eKwaZulu Natala naswona tata wakwe akuri Zikode ka Gasa, ndhuna ya rhavi leri tsongo ra rixaka raka Ndwandwe. Ndzisana yakwe akuri Mhlabawadabuka. Vaka Gasa ava tshama e ndzhawini ya Mkuze ethlelweni ra ntshava yale eTshaneni (Ntshava ya Swipuku) kasi rhavi ra muti lerikulu ehansi ka Zwide ari ake eMagudu ekusuhi na nkova wa Pongola. Hinkarhi lowufanaka vaka Ndwandwe ava rikarhi va kula eka matimba ya vona ya tinyimpi, naswona Zwide tlakukele eka vuhosi bya ka Ndwandwe-Nxumalo, endzhaku ka kulova ka tata wakwe Langa KaXaba.

== Tinyimpi ta va Ndwande na maZulu ==
Hiwona nkarhi lowu Zwide a ringeteke ku ndlandlamuxa mfumo wa yena, naswona hi lembe ra 1818 u hlurile mfumo wa ka Mthethwa, endzhaku ka loko a dlele hosi ya vona Dingiswayo ka Jobe. Zwide na mavuthu ya yena ya va Ndwandwe, vatshovile no hlula mfumo wa ka Khumalo lowu ava akelanile na wona vathlela va dlaya hosi ya wona Mashobana ka Mangete hi ku pfuniwa hi N'wahosi Ntombazi, nyanga na nsati wa ka Langa ka Xaba. Mzilikazi Nw'ana wa Mashobana na mudyandzhaka wa mfumo lowu, u tshutshumile aya luvela eka hosi Shaka, loyi a tiyiseke masalela ya rixaka ra ka Mthethwa ehansi ka kwe.
maNdwandwe na maZulu, va tlumbanile ro sungula eka nyimpi ya Tshuna ra Gqokli laha Zwide na mudyandzhaka wakwe Nomahlanjana va rhangeleke mavuthu ya va Ndwandwe, hambileswi ku nga hava loyi a hluleke eka nyimpi leyi, mavuthu lawa amata thlela ma tlumbana nakambe.
Hi 1820, mavuthu ya ka Ndwandwe lawa ama rhangeriwe hi Soshanghana ka Gasa ehansi ka hosi Zwide, mahlaseriwe hi mavuthu ya ma Zulu loko varikarhi va tlula nambu wa Mhlatuze, laha vahluriweke kona hambi leswi mavuthu hamambirhi ma lahlekeriweke hi nhlayo leyi kula ya masocha. Endzhaku ka kuhluriwa, Soshanghana urhangele masalela ya mavuthu yakwe na vanhu vaka Ndwandwe en'walungu vatsutsuma mfumo wa Shaka.

== Kusimekiwa ka mfumo wa Gaza ==
[[File:The_natives_of_British_Central_Africa_(1906)_(14802780733).jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Mavuthu ya vaNgoni, lava vanga masalela ya rixaka ra Zwangendaba,&lt;ref name=&quot;flem&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Fleming|first1=C. J. W.|title=The Zwangendaba Succession|url=https://allthingsngoni.wordpress.com/2010/03/04/the-zwangendaba-succession/|website=The Ngoni People of Africa|publisher=Blog at WordPress.com|accessdate=10 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; xifaniso xitekiwe eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu 19.]]
Soshanghane u tsutsumile na valandzeri vakwe ari na ndzisana yakwe Mhlabawadabuka, va kongoma e vuxeni bya Tintshava ta Rivombo (Lebombo), va ololoka vakala va fika enambyini wa Tembe. Kwalomu ka 1825, Soshanghana ufikile etikweni rale xikarhi ka Matsolo na nambu wa Nkomati, laha akumeke Zwangendaba Hlatswayo wa rixaka ra Jele, loyi akuri khale ka ndhuna ya va Ndwandwe. Vumbirhi bya vona byi fikelele xipfumelelwano xo fumisana, kambe Soshanghana anga anetiseki hikuva a a lava ku tivatlela mfumo wakwe. Endzhaku ka ku hambana exikarhi ka Soshanghana na ndzisana yakwe Mhlabawadabuka, Zwangendaba na valandzeri vakwe va sukile vakongoma etikweni ra vaVhenda, exikarhi ka milambu ya Limpopo (Vembe) na Levubu (Ribvubye), naswona va valandzeriwa hi Mhlaba. Zwangendaba utshamile kona xinkarhana, angase rhurhela en'walungwini e tikweni ra Varozwi, kusuhi na Bulawayo wa namunthla, laha a hluleke Vashona. Kusuka kona Zwangendaba usukile akongoma etikweni ra Manyika en'walungu bya vuxa laha a hlanganeke na Soshanghana ekusunguleni ka malembe ya 1830. Zwangendaba utsutsumile atlula nambu wa Zambezi, a bhaleka Soshanghana hi lembe ra 1835, loko va hambanile na Mhlabawadabuka hi lembe ra 1834. Hi lembe ra 1825 Nxaba Msane, un'wana wa khale ka ndhuna ya mavuthu ya va Ndwandwe uxikile enkaveni ya Mozambhiki, exifundzheni xa Sofala, laha a fumeke kufikela malembe ya khume, exikarhi ka 1825 na 1835. Hi lembe ra 1835 Soshanghana u hlurile Nxaba, hi loko Nxaba a kongoma e zambiya. Soshanghana utshamile xinkarhana eMusapa e Zimbabwe, endzhaku ka ku hlula Nxaba, naswona uhlurile Vandawu na Vamanyika. 

Kusuka kwalano Soshanghana usungule ku aka mfumo wakwe waku vutla wa vangoni lowu tiviweke hi mfumo wa Gaza, lowu a wuthyeke hi vito ra kokwa wakwe Gasa ka Langa, lowu ndlandlamukeke kufunengeta ndzhawu ya dzonga bya tiko ra Mozambhiki wa namunthla, na swiyenge swa nambu wa Limpopo ekusuhi na Mandlakazi. Mfumo wa Gzaa, awusimekiwe hi kuhlula hi tinyimpi, laha wuhluleke na ku khonzisa  Vahlengwe, Vadjonga, Vahlave na VaNdawu, lava veke va akatiko va mfumo lowu wa Vangoni. Soshanghana uthlele a sungula tsima ro tumbuluxa ririmi na ndhavuko wuntswa lowu awu thyeke hi vito rakwe.
Uthlele a sungula na kuavanyisa mfumo hikuya hi swiyenge swa mfumo wakwe. VaNdawu, Vakhosa, na Vahlave lava vahluriweke ava aka xiyenge na mavuthu ya Mavulandlela, naswona vadyondzisiwe tindlela to lwa ta xingoni. Hi lembe ra 1828, Shaka urhumele phumba ra mavuthu yo xupula, leswaku vaya herisa nava rakwe leri nge en'walungu, kambe hikwalaho ka mavabyi bya Dzedzedze na ndlala, va hluriwile hi Soshanghana. Mavuthu ya Soshangana ma tlumbanile na vafiki va maphutukezi eribuweni ra Delagowa, e Nyembane na Sena, naswona uhlengeletile swibhalo eka vafiki lava vamaphutukezi. Soshanghana i un'wana wa tindhuna ta nyimpi leti nga tiveka ngopfu hinkarhi wa tinyimpi ta Matiwana (Mfecane).&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopædia Britannica&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;1820 in South Africa:Port Elizabeth, 1820 Settlers, Battle of Mhlatuze&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The Washing of the Spears&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist}}

{{Tihosi ta Gaza}}
{{Lifetime|1790|1859|Soshanghana}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Tihosi]]</text>
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----

{{Bio}}
Hosi '''Mzila Nxumalo''' (''Nyamande''&lt;ref name=Liesegang&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liesegang |first=Gerhard |date=17 April 2012 |title=Nguni praise poems for Muzila (r. 1860-1884) and Magudzu Khosa (r. ca. 1855-1884): Recited and explained by Masukesuke Chavangu in 1969 and 1971 in Southern Mozambique, compared with G. Macavi´s version of 1927: views on protagonists of the Gaza war of succession of 1859-1862 and on a special case of orally transmitted composed texts. |url=https://www.academia.edu/7549675/Four_nineteenth_century_praise_poem_from_Magude_and_Gaza_10 |journal=International Conference on Historical Sources in African Languages written in Arabic (ajami) or Latin characters |via=Academia}}&lt;/ref&gt;) ''(ca 1825 - † ca 1884)''&lt;ref name=Lipschutz&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lipschutz |first=Mark R. |title=Dictionary of African Historical Biography |last2=Rasmussen |first2=R. Kent |publisher=University of California Press |year=1986 |isbn=9780520066113 |edition=2nd |pages=167 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;, akuri n'wana wa Soshanghana ka Zikode, musimeki wa mfumo wa Gaza, lowu emanembeleleni matimba ya wona, a wu funengeta kusukela e dzongeni bya Mozambhiki kufikela eka nambu wa Limpopo. Uhlurile makwavo Mawewe ka Soshangane hilembe ra 1861 hi kupfuniwa hi mabhunu leswaku a tlakukela eka mfumo wa Gaza laha a fumeke kusukela eka lembe ra 1861 kuya eka 1885&lt;ref name=Liesegang/&gt;. A ari tata wa Hosi [[Nghunghunyana]] loyi a hluriweke hi mfumo wa vukolonyi wa Maphutukezi.

Ufumile eka mfumo wa ka Gaza, lowu a wuthyiwe hi vito ra kokwana-xindhuwe wakwe Gasa. Mfumo wakwe akuri mfumo lowu a wutirhisa vutshila bya malwele ya tinyimpi lawa masunguriweke hi Shaka. A ari na vasati vanharhu, MaNdiweni loyi a a ri nkosikazi wakwe naswona ari mana wa Nghunghunyana. kasi lowa vumbirhi a a suka eka muti wa ka Skosana naswona yena anga tswari n'wambuyangwana leswi endleke leswaku ahlekuriwa. Nsati wavunharhu akuri n'wana wa hosi Mambo yale n'walungu laha kunga Zimbabwe namunthla, loyi an'witekeke ku aka vuxaka, lebyi n'wipfuneke loko a tsutsuma nyimpi ya maphutukezi, naswona laha a loveke kona no latiwa eMusapa. Kufikela namunthla, sirha ra Mzila aritiviwi, hikwalaho kaleswi a cinceke xivongo xakwe kuva Mililo loko atava a tsutsumele e vuchavela-whawha evukweni byakwe byaka Mambo, naswona hinkwavo vana vakwe lava tswariweke le n'walungu vateke xivongo xaka Mlilo.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Tihosi ta Gaza}}
{{Lifetime|1825|1884|Mzila}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]
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----

{{Bio}}
Hosi '''Mawewe''' (kumbe '''Maueva)''' ''(ca 1820 - † ca 1879)''&lt;ref name=Mathebula&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mathebula |first=Mandla |title=800 years of Tsonga history |publisher=Sasavona |year=2013 |isbn=9780620295673 |edition=1st |pages=74 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Lipschutz&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lipschutz |first=Mark R. |title=Dictionary of African Historical Biography |last2=Rasmussen |first2=R. Kent |publisher=University of California Press |year=1986 |isbn=9780520066113 |edition=2nd |pages=140 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;, akuri hosi ya mfumo wa Gaza lowu awukumeka endzhawini ya Mozambhiki wa namunthla, naswona u fumile kusukela hi lembe ra 1858 kuya eka 1864.  U landzerile tata wakwe Manukosi, kambe hluriwile hi makwavo wakwe Mzila loyi a a pfuniwa hi mabhunu na ma phutukezi, eka nyimpi ya xin'wana manana yo lwela mfumo leyi sunguleke hi lembe ra 1861 naswona yihela hi 1864.&lt;ref name=Liesegang&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liesegang |first=Gerhard |date=17 April 2012 |title=Nguni praise poems for Muzila (r. 1860-1884) and Magudzu Khosa (r. ca. 1855-1884): Recited and explained by Masukesuke Chavangu in 1969 and 1971 in Southern Mozambique, compared with G. Macavi´s version of 1927: views on protagonists of the Gaza war of succession of 1859-1862 and on a special case of orally transmitted composed texts. |url=https://www.academia.edu/7549675/Four_nineteenth_century_praise_poem_from_Magude_and_Gaza_10 |journal=International Conference on Historical Sources in African Languages written in Arabic (ajami) or Latin characters |via=Academia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Tihosi ta Gaza}}
{{Lifetime|1820|1879|Mawewe}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Tihosi]]</text>
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| name           = Dzedzedze
| image          = Malaria.jpg
| caption        = Xivungwana xa ''Plasmodium'' eka marha ya vusuna bya xisati
| pronounce   = 
| DiseasesDB     = 7728
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|54||b|54}}
| ICD9           = {{ICD9|084}}
| ICDO           = 
| OMIM           =
| MedlinePlus    = 000621
| eMedicineSubj  = med
| eMedicineTopic = 221134
| eMedicine_mult = 
| MeshID         = D008288
}}

'''Dzedzedze''' i vuvabyi lebyi khomaka vanhu na swiharhi swinwana, byi vangiwaka hi tinsuna leti ngana xitsongwatsongwana xa dzedzedze. Dzedzedze wu vanga swikombiso swofana na kuhisa ka miri, muzototo, kukarhala, kuhlanta na kuvava ka nhloko. Loko wunyanyile ngopfu, wunga thlela wu vanga nhlonge ya xitshopana, kutiluma, khoma kumbe rifu. Swikombiso swi tala ku vonakala endzhaku ka masiku ya 10 kuya eka 15 yo lumiwa hi tinsuna. Loko byinga tshunguriwanga kahle, byithlela byi hambeta nakambe endzhaku ka tin'wheti to hlaya. Eka lava vahaku hulukaka mavabyi lawa, kuthlela valumiwa swi tisa swikombiso swo antswanyana. Kusihalala loku kuya ku hunguteka loko munhu anga ha lumiwi hitinsuna eka enkarhi woleha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caraballo 2014&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Caraballo H |title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: Malaria, dengue, and west nile virus |journal=Emergency Medicine Practice |year=2014 |volume=16 |issue=5 |url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&amp;topic_id=405}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuvabyi byi hundzisiwa hi nsuna ya xisati, naswona byi ngena hi marha ya nsuna maya engatini loku yiluma. Xitsongwatsongwana xiya exivindzini, laha xifikaka xikula no tswalana. Kuna minxaka ya nthlanu ya xitsongwatsongwana lexi vangaka vuvabyi lebyi naswona lebyi hundzelaka eka vanhu. Dzedzedze yihahluviwa hi ku kambela ngati, kumbe hi ku tirhisa murhi wa xisivela. Ndlela yo tirhisa DNA ku hlahluva vuvabyi lebyi, ya tiviwa kambe ayi tirhisiwi ngopfu hikuva ya durha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nadjm 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |author=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |title=Malaria: An update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |year=2012 |volume=26 |issue=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuvabyi lebyi byinga siveriwa hi ku tirhisa swilwisani na switsongwatsongwani, ku pfala miri wa wena hi swiambalo, tinete ta tinsuna , na ku susa mati lawa ya yimeke laha tinsuna titswalaka kona. Kuna mirhi yo tala yo sivela Dzedzedze eka vachaki lava yaka etindzhawini leti ngana xitsongwatsongwana lexi. Hakanyingi murhi wa  sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine wa tirhisiwa eka tincece kumbe vavasati lava tikeke kutlula tin'weti tinharhu, etindzhawini leti ngana xitsongwatsongwana lexi. Kuhava nthlavelo lowu tirhaka eka vuvabyi lebyi lowu tiviwaka. Vutshunguri lebyi khutaziwaka byi hlanganisa mpfangano wa mirhi yo tshungula ku katsa na artemisinin. Murhi wa vumbirhi wungava mefloquine, lumefantrine, kumbe sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.&lt;ref name=WHO2010&gt;{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|date=2010|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=978-92-4-154792-5|page=ix|edition=2nd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quinine kuhlanganisa na doxycycline yinga tirhisiwa loko artemisinin yiherile. Kuna swibumabumelo leswaku vuvabyi lebyi byi tiyisisiwa eka muvabyi, kungasitirhisiwa mirhu eka tindzawu leti vuvabyi lebyi byi tolovelekeke, leswaku ku siveriwa ntolovelo wa mirhi. Switsongwatsongwana swin'wana swi sungule ku tolovela mirhi yotala, hixikombiso chloroquine yitsandzeka ku dlaya xivungu xa ''P.&amp;nbsp;falciparum'' lexi vangaku dzedzedze etindzhawini to tala, artemisinin yikumana na thlonthlo wo hetisa switsongwatsongwana etindzhawini tin'wana ta ledzongeni bya vuxa wa Axiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Malaria Fact sheet N°94|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=28 August 2014|date=March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903002027/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|archive-date=3 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuvabyi lebyi byi hangalakile ematikweni yalexikarhi ya misava laha kuhisaka ngopfu. Matiko lawa mahlanganisa matiko yale Dzongeni bya Afrika, [[Axiya]], na Amerika wale Dzongeni. Hi lembe ra 2015, akurina 296 wa timiliyoni ta swiviko swa vuvabyi lebyi emisaveni hinkwayo leswi vangeke kwalomu ka 731,000 wa mafu. Kwalomu ka 90% wa swiviko na mafu swi endleke e Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO15&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Malaria Fact sheet N°94|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|publisher=WHO|accessdate=2 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swiviko swa vuvabyi lebyi swi sungule ku chika hikwalomu ka 37% kusukela hi lembe ra 2000 kuya eka 2015, kambe hi lembe ra 2014 kuve na kutlakuka loko kulu laha kuveke na swiviko swa kwalomu ka 198 wa timiliyoni swa vuvabyi lebyi.&lt;ref name=WHO2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Caraballo 2014&quot;/&gt; Dzedzedze hakanyingi yi fambisana na vusiwana naswona yina nhlohlotelo eka nhluvuko wa ikhonomi hi kukongoma. E tikweni-nkulu ra Afrika, kulahleka kwalomu ka US$12 wa tibhiliyoni hikwalaho ka nstengo wa swa tarihanyo, ku tsandzeka ku tirha, na ku hunguteka ka vaendzi e tikweni.

== Mintshaho ==
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{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7376" sha1="k3l1tmt87mveygskosil9gitavyexf6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox disease
| name           = Mukhuhlwana
| image          = EM of influenza virus.jpg
| caption        = Xitsongwatsongwana xa mukhuhlwana.
| pronounce   = 
| DiseasesDB     = 6791
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|J|11.1}}
| ICD9           = {{ICD9|487}}
| ICDO           = 
| OMIM           =
| MedlinePlus    = 000080
| eMedicineSubj  = med
| eMedicineTopic = 219557
| eMedicine_mult = 
| MeshID         = D007251
}}

'''Mukhuhlwana''', i vuvabyi lebyi tlulelanaka lebyi vangiwaka hi xitsongwatsongwana xa influenza. 

== '''Swikombiso swa mukhuhlwana''' ==
Swikombiso swa hambanahambana,&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014Key&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Key Facts about Influenza (Flu) &amp; Flu Vaccine|url=http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=26 November 2014|date=9 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; kambe swi katsa: kuhisa ka miri, ku huma marhimila ma mati, ku vava ka mikolo, ku vava ka misiha, ku vava ka nhloko, ku khohlola, na ku karhala ka miri. Swikombiso leswi swi sungula endzhaku ka masiku mambirhi yo tluleriwa naswona swi nga ha va kona kufikela ku hela vhiki. Ku khohlola kona ku nga ha va kona ku ringana mavhiki mambirhi ni ku tlula. Eka vana, swikombiso swi katsa nsululwana na ku hlanta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dub2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Duben-Engelkirk|first1=Paul G. Engelkirk, Janet|title=Burton's microbiology for the health sciences|date=2011|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781605476735|page=314|edition=9th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RaVKCQI75voC&amp;pg=PA355}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=mukhuhlwana&amp;oq=mukhuhlwana&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQABgNGIAEMgkIAhAAGA0YgAQyCQgDEAAYDRiABDIICAQQABgNGB4yBggFEEUYPDIGCAYQRRg8MgYIBxBFGDzSAQkxMzc2NmowajeoAgCwAgA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Mavabyi man'wana lama nyanyisiwaka hi mukhuhlhwana''' ==
Mavabyi man'wana lama nyanyisiwaka hi mukhuhlwana ma katsa Nyumoniya, Mavabyi ya ku pfaleka ka tinhompfu, Vuvabyi bya Xifuva kumbe vuvabyi bya mbilu.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014Key&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Harr2012&quot; /&gt;

== '''Tinxaka ta switsongwatsongana swa mukhuhlwana''' ==
Ku na tinxaka tinharhu ta xitsongwatsongwana xa mukhuhlwana, ku nga rixaka ra A, B, na rixaka ra C.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harr2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Longo|first1=Dan L.|title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine.|date=2012|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=9780071748896|edition=18th|chapter=187: Influenza}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakanyingi, xitsongwatsongwana lexi xi hangalaka na moya loko munhu a khohlola kumbe ku entshemula. Leswi swi endleka eka [[mpfhuka]] wutsongo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brankston2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Brankston G, Gitterman L, Hirji Z, Lemieux C, Gardam M |title=Transmission of influenza A in human beings |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=257–65 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17376383 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70029-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xitsongwatsongwana lexi xi nga tlhela xi hangalasiwa hi ku khumba swilo leswi tluleriweke ivi u khumba nomu kumbe matihlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014Key&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brankston2007&quot; /&gt; Munhu a nga hangalasa xitsongwatsongwana lexi nahambi loko swikombiso swi nga si humelela. Xitsongwantsongwana lexi xi nga tiyisisiwa  hi ku kambela nkolo, xikhohlola, kumbe tinhompfu. Ku na mihlahluvo yo hambanahambana ya xihatla, kambe ndlela leyi tiyisekeke ya ku hlahluva vuvabyi lebyi i ku tirhisa xikambelo xa polymerase lexi paluxaka xitsongwatsongwana lexi hi ku komba RNA ya xona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harr2012&quot; /&gt;

== '''Leswi nga hungutaka ku tluleriwa hi mukhuhlwana''' ==
[[File:Pharmaceutical drug.jpg|thumb|Tiphilisi ta mukhuhlwani]]
Ku hlamba mavoko, nkarhi ni nkarhi swi hunguta ntlulelo wa xitsongwatsongwana tani hileswi xisibi xi dlayaka xitsongwatsongwana lexi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jeff2011&quot;&gt;{{cite journal  |author=Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, etal |title=Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses|journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=7 |pages=CD006207 |year=2011 |pmid=21735402|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku ambala lapi leri sivaka tinhompfu na nomu, naswona swa pfuna. Ntlhavelo wa mukhuhlwana lembe na lembe wa bumabumeriwa hi nhlangano wa ta rihanyo wa [[misava]]. Ntlhavelo lowu hakanyingi wa tirha eka tinxaka tinharhu kumbe mune ta xitsongwatsongwana xa mukhuhlwana.  Hambiswiritano, a wu bumabumeriwi eka vanhu lava nga na rihanyo lerinene, naswona ku hava mpfuno eka vanhu lava nga na mavabyi man'wana yo yelana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebe2013&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Ebell|first=MH|author2=Call, M |author3=Shinholser, J |title=Effectiveness of oseltamivir in adults: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished clinical trials.|journal=Family practice|date=April 2013|volume=30|issue=2|pages=125–33|pmid=22997224|doi=10.1093/fampra/cms059}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mukhuhlwana wa hangalaka lembe na lembe, naswona wu vangela kwalomu ka ntlhanu wa timiliyoni ta swiviko ku na kwalomu ka 250,000 ku ya eka 500,000 wa mafu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Influenza (Seasonal) Fact sheet N°211|website=who.int|accessdate=25 November 2014|date=March 2014|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/}}&lt;/ref&gt; En'walungwini na le Dzongeni wa misava, ku hangalaka ka mukhuhlwana ku endleka hi nguva ya xixika. Vana na vanhu lava pfumalaka rihanyo lerinene, hi vona lava talaka ku lova hikwalaho ka vuvabyi lebyi. Eka malembexidzana ya va20, ku ve na mitungu yinharhu ya mukhuhlwana: Mukhuhlwana wa Xipaniya hi 1918 (~50 wa timiliyoni ta mafu), Mukhuhlwana wa [[Axiya]] hi 1957 (Timiliyoni timbirhi ta mafu), na Mukhuhlwana wa Hong Kong hi 1968 (Miliyoni yin'we ya mafu).&lt;ref name=&quot;TenThings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/pandemic10things/en/index.html|publisher=World Health Organization|date=14 October 2005|title=Ten things you need to know about pandemic influenza|accessdate=26 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008223707/http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/pandemic10things/en/index.html|archivedate=8 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlangano wa swa Rihanyo wa matiko ya misava, wu tivise ntungu wa Mukhuhlwana wa A/H1N1 hi Khotavuxika bya 2009.&lt;ref&gt;World Health Organization. World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/index.html&lt;/ref&gt; Mukhuhlwana wu nga tlulela swiharhi swin'wana, ku katsa na tinguluve, tihanci na tinyenyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=S. R.|title=Oxford textbook of zoonoses : biology, clinical practice, and public health control|date=2011|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=Oxford u.a.|isbn=9780198570028|page=332|edition=2.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S90mOwgdz9kC&amp;pg=PA332}}&lt;/ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=mukhuhlwana&amp;oq=mukhuhlwana&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQABgNGIAEMgkIAhAAGA0YgAQyCQgDEAAYDRiABDIICAQQABgNGB4yBggFEEUYPDIGCAYQRRg8MgYIBxBFGDzSAQkxMzc2NmowajeoAgCwAgA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=mukhuhlwana&amp;oq=mukhuhlwana&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQABgNGIAEMgkIAhAAGA0YgAQyCQgDEAAYDRiABDIICAQQABgNGB4yBggFEEUYPDIGCAYQRRg8MgYIBxBFGDzSAQkxMzc2NmowajeoAgCwAgA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmv.26990?casa_token=s20wf-wkx4IAAAAA:IkfC8PMQ_PhGoq8Sx7UScpdvRkzGmAXSP-taG9gsnZmWkHnU-ZCgsV6Iy0kWb-RVGQL76ZZT5K6e6Ys&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Byala bya Xitsonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4888</id>
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      <id>39487</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-05-09T11:19:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>orthography correction</comment>
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      <text bytes="2624" sha1="2kko2xlwzqcoboa29wghvxnv1zi7jma" xml:space="preserve">'''''Byala''' bya Xitsonga'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' (Kumbe Byala bya Xintu) i byala lebyi swekiwaka hi kuya hi ndlela na ndhavuko wa [[Vatsonga]]. A ku ri na migingiriko yo hlaya ku fana na tsimo, ku fulela yindlu, ku phahla na yin’wana leyi a yi endliwa laha a ku fanele ku swekiwa byalwa bya xintu leswaku loko va ri karhi va gingirika va va va ri ku hungaseni hi ku nwa byalwa bya xintu. Byalwa lebyi hi ndhavuko a byi nwiwa hi vanhu lavakulukumba, ngopfungopfu vakhalabye ni vakhegula. Loko se va xurhile a wu ta twa hi loko ku sungula pongo, ku yimbeleriwa tinsimu ku ciniwa ku tlhela ku tsakiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xikongomelo xin’wana hi byalwa lebyi a byi nwiwa a ku ri ku endlela leswaku ku va na vuxaka lebyinene exikarhi ka vakulukumba hikuva byalwa munhu a nga ta nwa a ri yexe naswona a byi nga xavisiwi. Byalwa bya xintu a byi swekiwa byi yisiwa na le vukosini laha vanhu va tiko a va vitaniwa va ya nwa mahala. Leswi na swona a swi vumba vuxaka lebyinene exikarhi ka hosi na vanhu va yona. Vukanyi na byona a byi endliwa laha vakulukumba a va rhambana hi mindyangu yo hambanahambana va ya nwa. Na kona evukanyini a ku hambananga na le byalweni hikuva a ku yimbeleriwa, ku ciniwa ku tlhela ku tsakiwa. Loko makanyi ya sungula ku tshana a ya rhwaleriwa kutani ku endliwa vukanyi. Vukanyi a byi sungula hi ku yisiwa evukosini ku ya luva hosi byi nga si nwiwa emindyangwini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Byala bya Xintu ==
Tanihi leswi [[Vatsonga]] na vona va nga rin’wana ra tinxaka ta vantima lava kumekaka laha [[Afrika-Dzonga]], va swi kotile na vona ku fana na tinxaka tin’wana hi ku titshulela swakunwa swo hambanahambana leswaku va kota ku timula torha loko va hlanganile eka mitirho yo hambanahambana ya ndhavuko wa vona.
 
Vatsonga va titshulele tinxaka to hambanahambana ta mabyalwa ya xintu ku fana na:

:: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
| ● [[Muqombhoti]] || ● [[Mbhambha]] || ● [[Nyota]] || ● [[Thothotho]]
|-
| ● [[Xifenukani]] || ● [[Badama]] || ● [[Ncayoni]] || ● [[Nghodwana]]
|-
| ● [[Mukhubi]] || ● [[Ximpharamele]] || ● [[Xipopana]] || ● [[Xiriwana]]
|-
| ● [[Xikhalavatlana]] || ● [[Ximbyanyana]] || ● [[Byalwa-Vucema]] || ● [[Nghwevu]]
|}
 
Nxaxamelo lowu awu helelanga.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Byala bya Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Byala]]
[[Category:Byala bya Xitsonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fukuzana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4889</id>
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      <id>39163</id>
      <parentid>37072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-09T00:04:41Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2295" sha1="a14bsdecff21m9qc0pb7d289ntri9tc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox disease
| name           = Fukuzana
| image          = Tumor_Mesothelioma2_legend.jpg
| caption        = Xikeni xa mahahu lama ngana vuvabyi bya Fukuzana
| pronounce   = 
| DiseasesDB     = 28843
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|C|80||C|80.1}}
| ICD9           = {{ICD9|199}}
| ICDO           = 
| OMIM           =
| MedlinePlus    = 001289
| eMedicineSubj  = med
| eMedicineTopic = 
| eMedicine_mult = 
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'''Fukuzana''' i vuvabyi lebyi hlaselaka no hombolokisa swiaki swa miri naswona byithlela byi hangalakela eka swirho swin'wana swa miri.&lt;ref name=WHO2014&gt;{{cite web|title=Cancer  Fact sheet N°297|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/|website=World Health Organization|accessdate=10 June 2014|date=February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Defining Cancer|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer|website=National Cancer Institute|accessdate=10 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ahi marhumba hinkwawo yalendzeni lama vangiwaka hi vuvabyi bya fukuzana, naswona marhumba lama khumbekeke ama hangalakeli eka swirho swin'wana.&lt;ref name=NCI2014/&gt; Swikombiso swin'wana swa vuvabyi lebyi swihlanganisa kupfelela ka rhanga emirini, ku huma mongolo, kukhohlola loku nga heriki, ku ondza loku nga hlamuselekiku na ku chuluka.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHS2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Cancer - Signs and symptoms|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer/Pages/Symptoms.aspx|website=NHS Choices|accessdate=10 June 2014|archive-date=8 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608104550/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/cancer/Pages/symptoms.aspx|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambileswi swikombiso leswi swingava swihlavutela vuvabyi bya Fukuzana, swinga thlela swi komba mavabyi man'wana. Kuna mixaka ya kutlula dzana, ya vuvabyi bya Fukuzana.&lt;ref name=NCI2014/&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Minkombo yale handle ==
* [[File:Commons-logo.svg|link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cancers?uselang=ts|18x18px|Collabora a Wikimedia Commons]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page?uselang=ts Wikimedia Commons] alberga contenido multimedia sobre [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cancers?uselang=ts '''Fukuzana'''].&lt;/span&gt;

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>HIV/AIDS</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-08-31T12:41:49Z</timestamp>
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        <id>10818</id>
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      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */</comment>
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      <text bytes="9373" sha1="dws8glyrg00hzgjgt893knk6m0zvgzy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox disease
| name           = HIV/AIDS
| image          = Red Ribbon.svg
| caption        = Xilapani xo tshuka imfungo wo seketela vanhu lava hankyaka na vuvabyi bya HIV/AIDS.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/life-course/news/events/world-aids-day/en/|title=World AIDS Day|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| pronounce      = 
| DiseasesDB     = 5938
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|20||b|20}}
| ICD9           = {{ICD9|042}} • {{ICD9|043}} • {{ICD9|044}}
| ICDO           = 
| OMIM           =
| MedlinePlus    = 000594
| eMedicineSubj  = med
| eMedicineTopic = 783434
| eMedicine_mult = 
| MeshID         = D000163
}}

'''HIV/AIDS''' i nxaxamelo wa swikombiso swa vuvabyi lebyi vangiwaka hi xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid11396444&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Sepkowitz KA|title=AIDS—the first 20 years|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|volume=344|issue=23|pages=1764–72|date=June 2001|pmid=11396444|doi=10.1056/NEJM200106073442306}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=editors|first1=Alexander Krämer, Mirjam Kretzschmar, Klaus Krickeberg,|title=Modern infectious disease epidemiology concepts, methods, mathematical models, and public health|date=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=9780387938356|page=88|edition=Online-Ausg.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Di0_5x82HykC&amp;pg=PA88}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Wilhelm Kirch|title=Encyclopedia of public health|date=2008|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=9781402056130|pages=676–677|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSPK7-CHw7oC&amp;pg=PA676}}&lt;/ref&gt; Endzhaku ko tluleriwa, munhu anga vona angarina swikombiso, kumbe avona swikombiso swo fana na swa vuvabyu bya mukhuhlwana. Hakanyingi nkarhi wo tluleriwa, wu landzela hi nkarhi woleha kuri hava swikombiso swa vuvabyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC21015Bas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=About HIV/AIDS|url=http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html|website=CDC|accessdate=11 February 2016|date=December 6, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Loko vuvabyi byi karhi byi kula, byi kavanyeta masocha ya miri, naswona byi kurisa marhengu yo hlaseriwa hi mavabyi man'wana lama fanaka na vuvabyi bya xifuva (TB), swirhangana na marhumba, kukatsa na man'wana mavabyi lama tsongo. Swikombiso leswi swo hetelela swivuriwa vuvabyi bya AIDS. Xiyenge lexi xa vuvabyi xifambelana na ku ondza emirini.

Xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV hakanyingi xitlulelana loko vanhu va hlanganela timhaka ta masangu vanga tirirhisi swisirheleri, kumbe ku cheriwa ngati leyi ngana xitsongwatsongwana lexi, kumbe ku tirhisa nayithi leyi ngana xitsongwatsongwana lexi, kumbe kutluletiwa ka nyimba hi manana loyi atikeke, kuhlanganisa na kuveleka kumbe ku mamisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;TransmissionM2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Markowitz|first=edited by William N. Rom ; associate editor, Steven B.|title=Environmental and occupational medicine|year=2007|publisher=Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-6299-1|page=745|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4Sv9XY296oC&amp;pg=PA745|edition=4th}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swilo swo fana na marha kumbe mihloti ya munhu aswi tluleti xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDCtransmission&quot;&gt;[http://www.cdc.gov/HIV/pubs/facts/transmission.htm HIV and Its Transmission]-[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]-2003&lt;/ref&gt; Tindlela to sivela vuvabyi lebyi tihlanganisa kuhlanganela masangu loku sirhelelekeke, kunga tirhisi tinayithi ta swarihanyo na van'wana, kutshungula lava tluletiweke, na ku yimba ka vaxinuna.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Fact&quot; /&gt; Vuvabyi eka vana byi nga siveriwa hi ku nyika manana na n'wana mirhi ya vuvabyi lebyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Fact&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=HIV/AIDS Fact sheet N°360|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=11 February 2016|date=November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuhava nthlavelo kumbe nthsungulo wa vuvabyi lebyi, hambi swiritano kuna mirhi leyi kotaka ku antswisa swikombiso swa vuvabyi lebyi, naswona yi endla leswaku munhu ahanya vutomi byo antswa.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC21015Bas&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UN2012Vac&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=The quest for an HIV vaccine|url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2012/may/20120518vaccinesday/|date=May 18, 2012|author=UNAIDS|access-date=August 25, 2017|archive-date=May 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524051113/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2012/may/20120518vaccinesday/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kububumabumeriwa leswaku vanhu va sungula kudya mirhi endzhaku ka ku tiyisisa leswaku vana vuvabyi lebyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Tx&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV.|date=2015|publisher=WHO|isbn=9789241509565|page=13|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186275/1/9789241509565_eng.pdf?ua=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Handle ka mirhi ya vutshunguri, vanhu lava tluleriweke hixitalo vahanya kwalomu ka hansi ka malembe ya khume-n'we.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNAIDS2007&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]]|date=December 2007|title=2007 AIDS epidemic update|url=http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf|accessdate=March 12, 2008|format=PDF|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527201701/http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf|archivedate=May 27, 2008|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi lembe ra 2016 akuri na kwalomu ka 36.7 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu lava hanyaka na xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV naswona kulove kwalomu ka 1 wa timiliyoni.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNAIDS2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Fact sheet - Latest statistics on the status of the AIDS epidemic {{!}} UNAIDS|url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|website=www.unaids.org|accessdate=21 July 2017|archive-date=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713205307/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xitalo xa vanhu lava ava kumeka e ndzongeni ra tiko-nkulu wa [[Afrika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Fact&quot; /&gt; Kusukela loko vuvabyi lebyi byi tiviwa kuta fika eka lembe ra 2014,  AIDS yi vangele kwalomu ka mafu ya 39&amp;#x20;&amp;#x77;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x74;&amp;#x69;miliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Basic Statistics|url=http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/statistics.html|website=CDC|accessdate=11 February 2016|date=November 3, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; HIV/AIDS yi voniwa tanihi ntungu - kunga vuvabyi lebyi vaka e tindzhawini to tala naswona byi yaka byi kula.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kallings&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|year=2008|volume=263|issue=3|pages=218–43|title=The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS|author=Kallings LO|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|pmid=18205765|url=http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku ehleketwa leswaku xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV xingava xi tumbulukile evuxeni byale xikarhi ka tiko-nkulu ra Afrika eka malembe-xidzana ya vu 19 na 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;Orgin2011&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Sharp|first=PM|author2=Hahn, BH|title=Origins of HIV and the AIDS Pandemic|journal=Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine|date=September 2011|volume=1|issue=1|pages=a006841|pmid=22229120|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a006841|pmc=3234451}}&lt;/ref&gt; AIDS yi tiyisiwile ro sungula hi Ndzawulo ya vulawuri na vusirheleri bya mavabyi (CDC) yale [[Amerikha]] hi lembe ra 1981, kasi xivangelo xa vuvabyi lebyi - xitsongwatsongwana xa HIV xitiyisiwile eka malembe lama landzeleke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gallo RC|title=A reflection on HIV/AIDS research after 25 years|journal=Retrovirology|volume=3|page=72|year=2006|pmid=17054781|doi=10.1186/1742-4690-3-72|url=http://www.retrovirology.com/content/3//72|pmc=1629027|issue=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

HIV/AIDS yi vange nsusumeto wukulu eka nhlangano wavanhu, tanihi hi vuvyi byo kariha na xivangelo xa xihlahu-hlawu.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNAIDS2006Ch4&quot;&gt;[http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_CH04_en.pdf The impact of AIDS on people and societies] - [[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]] - 2006&lt;/ref&gt; Vuvabyi lebyi byi thlela byi vangela ntshikelelo eka timhaka ta ikhonomi ya misava.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNAIDS2006Ch4&quot; /&gt; Kuna mavonelo yo tala lama hoxekeke mayelana na vuvabyi lebyi, kufana na leswaku vuvabyi lebyi byinga tlulelana hi ku khumba munhu kunene.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Myth Busters|url=http://austintexas.gov/page/myth-busters|accessdate=14 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vuvabyi lebyi byi vange minjhekanjhekisano ya vukhongeri kuhlanganisa na xiboho xa Vukhongeri bya vu Katolika byo ala ku seketela kutirhisiwa ka ti khondhomu eku sirheleleni vuvabyi lebyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=McCullom|first1=Rob|title=An African Pope Won't Change the Vatican's Views on Condoms and AIDS previousnext An African Pope Won't Change the Vatican's Views on Condoms and AIDS|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/02/an-african-pope-wont-change-the-vaticans-views-on-condoms-and-aids/273535/|website=The Atlantic|accessdate=14 February 2016|date=26 Feb 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Byi kokele kutekeriwa enhlokweni hi tindzawulo ta vutshunguri na Tipoliki ta misava, kuhlanganisa na ku seketeriwa hi timali ka migingiriko yo lwisana na byona kusukela loko byi hlavuteriwa hi malembe ya va 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;isbn1-59797-294-0&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Harden, Victoria Angela|title=AIDS at 30: A History|publisher=Potomac Books Inc|location=|year=2012|pages=324|isbn=1-59797-294-0|oclc=|doi=|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
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    <title>Swakudya swa Vatsonga</title>
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      <text bytes="2002" sha1="hnuwu2nbci19g2h1wcw47nr4m9enlet" xml:space="preserve">Vatsonga vadya '''Swakudya swa xintu''' xavona, naswona vasweka hikutirhisa swilo swohambana 
hambana. Timanga, tundluwa na tinyawa titirhisiwa ngopfu ekusweka swakudya swavona leswi hlanganisaka miroho na swityulu swa nyama. Vuswa hi byona swakudya xidzi swa vatsonga/machangana. A ku swekiwa vuswa bya xibasa bya n`wahuva na bya makhaha. A ku xeviwa hi miroho yo hambana-hambana yo  fana na tinhwembe, tinyawa, guxe, bangala, nkaka na swin`wana. Miroho a yi kandzeriwa hi timanga, rininga  kumbe timongo. Xin`wana xixevo a ku ri maxonja, tinjiya, majeje, swidongodi ni tintshwa. A kudyiwa na swin`wana swakudya swofana na tihove, tshopi. Xingwhimbi, timanga na tindluwa.Vatsonga va tolovele kudya kanhurhu hisiku.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nukeri|first=Emilinah Reginah|date=2012|title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko|url=http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1135/Nukeri_er_2012.pdf?sequence=1|journal=University of Limpopo|volume=|pages=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot;&gt;[http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/26577/dissertation.pdf;sequence=1 The development, standardisation and acceptability of the traditional Tsonga-Shangaan dishes] - Malaza M.T (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ph2&quot;&gt;''Ndzavisiso wa Onasi-Mapaluxele ya ndhavuko wa Xitsonga eka tsalwa ra &quot;Masungi mfana ka Maxele&quot;'' - Machimana S.M (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;

Vatsonga ava lulamisa swakudya swovona leswaku vaswi endla swidyeka. Ava tsema, kumbe kutshova miroho yavona leswaku yiringana ku virisiwa, ku hlanganisiwa yiva mithtotho na ku hunguela kumbe ku fomisa. Kasi swin'wana swakudya swo fana na timanga, aswi sungula hi ku omisiwa leswaku swita hlayisiwa nkarhi woleha. Loko swiringenene ku tirhisiwa, swakudya leswi omisiweke, aswi sungula hiku lovekiwa ematini yo kufumela leswaku swi ta olova, ivi swi swekiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;  {{Navbox &lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt; | name = Swakudya swa Vatsonga | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | title = Swakudya swa Vatso...&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/80.234.52.70|80.234.52.70]] ([[User talk:80.234.52.70|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:41.147.9.82|41.147.9.82]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1333" sha1="nnvi5x7wem8ssbhf8s603tzz0qws6cx" xml:space="preserve">'''Maambalelo  ya ndhavuko wa Vatsonga''' awu hambanisa sw'ambalo swa vavanuna na swa vavasati, naswona akutirhisiwa swilo leswi aswi kumeka eka ntumbuluko.

Vavanuna a va ambala madzovo ya swihari, ngopfu ngopfu madzovo ya swimbutana hikuva a va fuwile. A va tiendlela njhovo ya le mahlweni ni  ya le ndzhaku, njhovo ya le mahlweni a yi komile kasi ya le ndzhaku a yi lehile. Handle ka tinjhovo, vavanuna a va boha njhindzu (nceka  wa  ntima) eswisutini va tlhela va gwarela. Emirini a va nga ambali nchumu, etinhlokweni a va ambala mibodi, Emilengeni a va ambala mamphaxana lama endliweke hi madzovo ya tihomu.

Vavasati va Vatsonga va ambala ndhindhani, dovani kumbe nguvu. Emirini a va  mbala swikipa, tiyele, swikatawa na swihakaboyi swo hambana  hambana endzeni ka minceka leyi. Etinhlokweni a va boha maduku kumbe vuhlalu va tlhela va ambala madeha ya le mavokweni.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph2&quot;&gt;''Ndzavisiso wa Onasi-Mapaluxele ya ndhavuko wa Xitsonga eka tsalwa ra &quot;Masungi mfana ka Maxele&quot;'' - Machimana S.M (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ph3&quot;&gt;''Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra vatsonga/machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko'' - Nukeri E.R. (2012), Univrsity of Limpopo&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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{{Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga}}
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[[Category:Mpahla]]
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    <title>Vuswa</title>
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'''Vuswa '''kumbe Vuswa bya mavele iswakudya swa ndhavuko leswi swekiwaka hikutirhisa mavele yo gayiwa (kumbe mugayo) naswona hiswona swakudya xidzi swa vantima lava kumekaka e dzongeni ra tinko-nkulu ra Afrika. Kuna tinxaka ta vuswa kuhlanganisa vuswa byo olova, byo tiya, byo dzunga na swin'wana.

Etindzhawini ta n&lt;nowiki&gt;'walungu wa Afrika Dzonga, vuswa byidyiwa tani hi swakudya swa ku fihlula, laha vabyi vhuvaka na masi, botere na chukela. Vuswa hakanyingi byi dyiwa na nyama na muthotho wa tamiti. Tinxaka tin'wana ti rhandza vuswa byo hlanhlekela lebyi vuriwaka ''Phuthu''&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

== Mintshaho ==
* [http://www.encounter.co.za/article/32.html South African Cuisine]

== Mintshaho ya le handle ==
* [http://www.foodbycountry.com/Kazakhstan-to-South-Africa/South-Africa.html#Putupap_Cornmeal_Porridge Putupap]

{{Swakudya swa Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Swakudya]]
[[Category:Swakudya swa Vatsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>blzw5932bkvsvxe1mc56owz9n0l7aoi</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vutsari bya Xitsonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4899</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39484</id>
      <parentid>34484</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-09T10:27:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>orthography correction</comment>
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      <text bytes="16456" sha1="8dkf8kknszvyt7sc344q5rycy0rkci1" xml:space="preserve">'''Vutsari bya Xitsonga''' byi sungula eka malembe ya va 1920, naswona a byi taleriwe hi vuhundzuluxeri na tibuku tavuleteri. Makulele ya vutsari bya Xitsonga, mayelana na vutsari bya tidzimi tin'wana ta vantima laha Afrika-Dzonga, kufana na vutsari bya ririmi ra Xipedi. Endzaku ka sweswo, ku landzele nguva ya vutsari lebyi abyi talele eku tasleni hi matimu ya munhu n'wini (Autobiographies) kumbe matimu ya vutomi bya munhu un'wana (Biography). Hixikombiso, matsalwa yo sungula ya Xitsonga lama hlanganisaka &quot;David Livingstone&quot; hi D.C Marivate (1941); &quot;Kuhluvuka ku huma evuhlongeni ka Booket T. Washington&quot; vuhundzuluxeri hi S.J. Baloyi (1953); &quot;Agrrey wa Afrika&quot; hi F.M. Maboko (1956), &quot;Hosi Muhlaba&quot; hi H.E. Ntsanwisi (1957); &quot;Julius Ceasar&quot; hi S.J. Baloyi (1957) na &quot;Mufundhisi John Mboweni&quot; hi H.A. Junod (1958). Matimu makomba leswaku, vutsari lebyi tolovelekeke bya xitsonga byi sungule ku pfelela endzhaku ka lembe ra 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Eve|first=Jeanette |title=Southern African Literature in African Languages: A Concise Historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Southern_African_Literature_in_African_L.html?id=53kOAAAAYAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y|accessdate=25 August 2017|year=1993|publisher=Acacia|isbn=0868171360|pages=59}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nxaxamelo wa matsalwa ya Xitsonga ==

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{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 80%;&quot;
|-
! Nhloko mhaka ya Tsalwa !! Mutsari !! Nkandziyiso !! Lembe !! Muxaka wa Tsalwa
|-
| Sasavona || Marivate, D.C. || Swiss Mission in SA || 1936 ||
|-
| Calvin Maphophe Ta vutomi bya mina || Maphophe, C || Swiss Mission in SA || 1942 ||
|-
| Mambuxu || Ndhambi, E.P. || Swiss Mission in SA || 1953 ||
|-
| Xaka || Baloyi, S.J || Educum || 1954 (1983) ||
|-
| Muhlava Hosi ya va ka Nkuna || Ntsanwisi, H.E. ,Shilubana, P.M. || Sasavona || 1957 ||
|-
| Vuluva bya switlhokovetselo swa Xitsonga || Ntsanwisi, P.E. || Afrikaanse pers || 1958 ||
|-
| Ntsandza-vatimi || Ntsanwisi, P.E. || A.P.B. || 1958 (1960) ||
|-
| Mahlasela-hundza || Ntsanwisi, H.W.E. || A.P.B. || 1960 ||
|-
| Ntiva-nhlayo wa namuntlha || Allison, A.A. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1961 ||
|-
| Ntsakisi wa Tahani-N'wanjiyani || Mkhombo, J.F.C. || J.L. Van Schaik || 1962 ||
|-
| Mitlhokovetselo ya xitsonga: nhlengeleto ya mitlhokovetselo || Rasengane, E.R.B. || J.L. van Schaik || 1963 ||
|-
| Nkatanga i dlakuta || Chauke, M.S. || J.L. van Schaik || 1965 ||
|-
| Ririmi i madlayisane || Mangwane, H.A. || J.L. van Schaik || 1965 ||
|-
| Jim Xilovekelo || Marivate, C.T.D. || J.L. van Schaik || 1965 ||
|-
| Gija, Wanuna wa Matimba || Muzwayine, H.S.V. || J.L. van Schaik || 1965 ||
|-
| Garingani-wa-garingani || Marolen, D.P.P. || Beter Boeke || 1966 ||
|-
| Mibya ya nyekanyeka || Mtombeni, B.K.M. || Beter Boeke || 1966 ||
|-
| Switlhokovetselo swa vana || Ndhambi, E.P. || J.L. van Schaik || 1966 ||
|-
| N'wanghovela-Khujane || Masuluke, T.M. || Via Afrika || 1966 (1967) ||
|-
| Murhandziwani || Baloyi, S.J. || Swiss Mission || 1967 ||
|-
| Malangavi ya mbilu || Mtombeni, B.K.M. || Beter Boeke || 1967 ||
|-
| Swa rivala a swi heli || Sumbane, N || Swiss Mission in SA || 1967 ||
|-
| Leswi na leswiya || Mkhombo, J.F.C. || J.L. van Schaik || 1968 ||
|-
| Xisomisana || Thuketana, F.A. || Swiss Mission in SA || 1968 ||
|-
| Phatani Vatsonga || Mnisi, H.S. || Swiss Mission in SA || 1969 ||
|-
| Nthavale ya miehleketo || Nkondo, E.M. || Sasavona ? || 1969 ||
|-
| Emahosi || Nkondo, E.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1969 ||
|-
| Mbita ya vulombe || Nkondo, W.S. || J.L. van Schaik || 1969 ||
|-
| Risuna ra switlhokovetselo || Mnisi, G.S. || Sasavona || 1970 ||
|-
| Marimba ya nkovotlo || Mahuhushi, M.A. || Varia Books || 1971 ||
|-
| Xikatsa xa switlhokovetselo || Ntsanwisi, P.E. || A.P.B || 1971 ||
|-
| Byela mina! || Makhuba, N.C. || Swiss Mission in SA || 1972 ||
|-
| M'kon'wana wa fika || Marolen, D.P.P. || J.L. van Schaik || 1972 ||
|-
| Vatukulu va ka Gaza || Muzwayine, H.S.V. || J.L. van Schaik || 1972 ||
|-
| Miseve ya dyambu || Makhuba, N.C. || J.L. van Schaik || 1973 ||
|-
| Xihungasi || Maphalakasi, G.J. || J.L. van Schaik || 1973 ||
|-
| Tindyelo || Mbhombi, E.W.G. || J.L. van Schaik || 1973 ||
|-
| Ndzi tshikeni || Mtombeni, B.K.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1973 ||
|-
| Vuhlangi bya vuhlangi || Mtombeni, B.K.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1973 ||
|-
| Ndzhaka ya vusiwana || Mtombeni, B.K.M. || Via Afrika || 1973 ||
|-
| Tinhlolo ti be mitsatsu || Nkondo, Eric M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1973 ||
|- 
| Ri xile || Nxumalo, S.B. || J.L. van Schaik || 1973 ||
|-
| Muchuchisi nuna wa mahiri || Shingwenyana, S.D. || Sasavona || 1973 ||
|-
| Ntukulu wa nga Yedwa || Mnisi, H.S. || Swiss Mission in S.A || 1974 ||
|-
| Maphundzu || Mnisi, H.S. || Sasavona || 1974 ||
|-
| Mihizo ya dayivela || Mtombeni, B.K.M. || Sasavona || 1974 ||
|-
| Mavala ya yingwe || Mtombeni, B.K.M. || Sasavona || 1974 ||
|-
| Nhenha ya Mafarana || Rikhotso, F.M. || Sasavona || 1974 ||
|-
| Vugima-musi || Makgoana, P || J.L. van Schaik || 1975 ||
|-
| Bandhi ra muchini || Makhuba, N.C. || Sasavona || 1975 ||
|-
| Vumunhu bya phatiwa || Marhanele, M.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1975 ||
|-
| Ntshikiwani || Mbhombi, E.W.G. || J.L. van Schaik || 1975 ||
|-
| Vukati a byi na n'wini || Mnisi, M.G. || Sasavona || 1975 ||
|-
| Mabyalamfava || Nkondo, E.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1975 ||
|-
| Mavondzo a ya hakeri || Rikhotso, F.M. || Sasavona || 1975 ||
|-
| Swihlenge swa Vatsonga || Marivate, C.T.D. || Sasavona || 1976 ||
|-
| Madumelani || Mbhombi, E.W.G. || J.L. van Schaik || 1976 ||
|-
| Matimu ya Vatsonga: 1498-1650 || Junod, H.P. || Sasavona || 1977 ||
|-
| Mabibi ya mbilu || Makhuba, N.C. || J.L. van Schaik || 1977 ||
|-
| Vurhena byakwe || Mnisi, H.S. || Sasavona || 1977 ||
|-
| Meno ya hlovo || Mnisi, H.S. || Sasavona || 1977 ||
|-
| Matshopetana ya tindzumulo || Mtombeni, B.K.M. || Sasavona || 1977 ||
|-
| Vutomi bya swihari ekhwatini || Rutley, C.B. || Varia Books || 1977 ||
|-
| Madyisa-mbitsi || Khosa, T.H. || J.L. van Schaik || 1978  ||
|-
| Swifaniso swa vutomi || Marhanele, M.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1978 ||
|-
| N'wamagulugutswana || Nkondo, E.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1978 ||
|-
| N'waninginingi ma ka tindleve || Thuketana, F.A. || Sasavona || 1978 ||
|-
| Xirhalanganyi || Khosa, I.N. || J.L. van Schaik || 1979  ||
|-
| Manyunyu ya xitsotso || Khosa, T.H. || J.L. van Schaik || 1979 ||
|-
| Tiyisela n'wananga || Mathebula, M.J. || J.L. van Schaik || 1979 ||
|-
| Vugimamusi bya nkwangulatilo || Mathebula, T.A. || J.L. van Schaik || 1979 ||
|-
| Makuma ya vutomi byebyo || Miyen, E.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1979 ||
|-
| Tivoneleni || Ngobeni, D.N. || Sasavona || 1979 ||
|-
| Chovo ra nhunguvana || Nkondo, E.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1979 ||
|-
| Nhanga ya Gavaza || Nkuna, P.B. || Sasavona || 1979 ||
|-
| Mhunti yo fela etinyaweni || Rikhotso, F.M. || Educum || 1979 ||
|-
| A hi bumabumeleni || Rikhotso, T.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1979 ||
|-
| Muambi wa vubumabumeri || Makavi, G. || Sasavona || 1980 ||
|- 
| Vana, titwiseni! || Maluleke, J.N. || Sasavona || 1980 ||
|-
| Byokota madlayisani || Marhanele, M.M. || Sasavona || 1980 ||
|-
| N'warilacuma || Rikhotso, F.M. || Sasavona || 1980 ||
|-
| A hi vuloyi! || Rikhotso, T.M. || Sasavona || 1980 ||
|-
| Ndzukano wa nghondzo || Liguori-Reynolds, R. || Educum || 1981 ||
|-
| Mihloti || Magaisa, J.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1981  ||
|-
| N'wana wa tinhlalu || Maluleke, M.J. || J.L. van Schaik || 1981 ||
|-
| Macakala ya miehleketo || Mayevu, G.S. || Sasavona || 1982 ||
|-
| Madaladala || Nkondo, C.P.N. || Sasavona || 1982 ||
|-
| A hi twisiseni matsalwa || Nkondo, C.P.N. || Sasavona ? || 1982 ||
|-
| Dingana || Rikhotso, T.M. || Sasavona || 1982 ||
|-
| Xaka || Baloyi, S.J. || A.P.B. || 1983 ||
|-
| Mbita ya vutivi: Tibuku ta Xitsonga, 1883-1983 || Bill, M.C. || Sasavona || 1983 ||
|-
| Lakatsani tintiho vaTsonga || Chauke, S.P. || J.L. van Schaik || 1983 ||
|-
| I rhambu ra mfenhe || Khosa, H.R. || J.L. van Schaik ? || 1983 ||
|-
| Mpambulwa wa switlhokovetselo || Marivate, C.T.D. || J.L. van Schaik || 1983 ||
|-
| Mavonavona enhoveni || Mavikane, D.J. || Sasavona || 1983 ||
|-
| Bombeleni || Ndhambi, I.P.E. || Via Afrika || 1983 ||
|-
| Makhukhuri ya mianakanyo || Rikhotso, T.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1983 ||
|-
| Vuhiri || Muyambo, J.M. || Sasavonoa || 1984 ||
|-
| Xirimela || Rikhotso, F.M. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1984 ||
|-
| Ndza tisola || Rikhotso, F.M. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1984 ||
|-
| Ndzi tsandzekile || Ritshuri, G.A. || Sasavona || 1984 ||
|-
| Ndzi onhe yini manana || Sibisi, M.L. || Sasavona || 1984 ||
|-
| Nyandza ya timbalelo || Chauke, S.P. || Sasavona || 1985 ||
|-
| Hi landza Mpisana || Makamu, S.H.N. || Sasavona || 1985 ||
|-
| Hi ya kwihi? || Maluleke, M.J. || J.L. van Schaik || 1985 ||
|-
| Khuluka na ritavi || Mabuza, M.M. || Sasavona || 1986 ||
|-
| Xikumakumani || Mahatlane, A.D. || J.L. van Schaik || 1986 ||
|- 
| Ndlandlalati ya Malenga || Mahatlane, A.D. || J.L. van Schaik || 1986 ||
|-
| Ximita-ntsengele || Mashele, R.H. || Sasavona || 1986  ||
|-
| Makomba-ndlela || Ntsanwisi, H.W.E. || Educum || 1986 ||
|-
| Nhlengelo wa swirungulwana || Chabalala, N.C. || De Jager-HAUM || 1987 ||
|- 
| A hi wa wena || Chauke, F. || Educum || 1987 ||
|-
| Hi ta tiphina || Chauke, S.S. || Educum || 1987 ||
|-
| Mhandzela sasela vanungu || Hlengane, G.S. || Educum || 1987 ||
|-
| Xirhundza xa tinkhula || Khosa, H.R. || Educum ? || 1987 ||
|-
| Tihlo ra ntumbuluko || Khosa, J.H.N. || Educum || 1987 ||
|-
| Xikolokolo nguvu ya pitori || Magaisa, J.M. || Sasavona || 1987 ||
|-
| Rivoningo || Magwaza, G.M. || Educum || 1987  ||
|-
| Mangava ya Joni || Maluleke, D.R. || J.L. van Schaik || 1987 ||
|-
| Xona hi xihi? || Maluleke, D.R. || J.L. van Schaik || 1987 ||
|-
| Mahlori || Maluleke, D.R. || J.L. van Schaik || 1987 ||
|-
| N'hwar-mbirhi || Manganyi, K.T.C. || J.L. van Schaik ? || 1987 ||
|-
| Nhunguvani || Manganyi, S.J. || J.L. van Schaik ? || 1987 ||
|-
| Swikampfu swa mbilu || Nghonyama, R.R. || Educum || 1987 ||
|-
| Tihakata || Phephenyane, C.M. || Via Afrika || 1987 ||
|-
| Huma mhiri || Salane, B.D. || Sasavona || 1987 ||
|-
| Vukhatswa || Shipalana, R. || Sasavona || 1987 ||
|-
| Ndzi ngo tinciki! || Thuketana, F.A. || Sasavona || 1987 ||
|-
| Vulombe bya mitsheketo || Baloyi, P.B. || Palm || 1988 ||
|-
| Peperhani vudyangwana || Chauke, S.P. || Sasavona || 1988 ||
|-
| Tinhloloti hlolela vinyi || Chauke, S.P. || Sasavona || 1988 ||
|-
| Swa yila || Manganyi, K.T.C. || Educum || 1988 ||
|-
| Anganyelani || Manganyi, K.T.C. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1988 ||
|-
| Masirheni wa ka magoda || Manganyi, S.J. || Educum || 1988 ||
|-
| Emahandzeni || Mayimele, F.J. || J.L. van Schaik || 1988 ||
|-
| Swiringulwana || Ntsanwisi, H.W.E. || J.L. van Schaik ? || 1988 ||
|-
| Mphofulo wa xifuva || Rikhotso, T.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1988 ||
|-
| Nkharisa wa miharihari || Khosa, K.A. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1989 ||
|-
| Ximambana || Mabuza, M.M. || Sasavona || 1989  ||
|-
| Chachamela mutsonga || Manganyi, J.T. || Educum || 1989 ||
|-
| Emalembeni ya magidimbirhi n' wana || Manganyi, K.T.C. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1989 ||
|-
| Hi le misaveni la || Manganyi, K.T.C. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1989 ||
|-
| Dzundze ra switlhokovetselo || Nkuzana, K.J. || J.L. van Schaik || 1989 ||
|-
| Vatsari va vatsonga || Rikhotso, F.M. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1989 ||
|-
| Muhloti wa mihloti || Rikhotso, F.M. || Educum || 1989 ||
|-
| Mati ya xitsevetseve || Baloyi, J.M. || Sasavona || 1990 ||
|-
| Ntsendzeleki || Khosa, G.S. || Educum || 1990 ||
|-
| Ngalakani || Khosa, J.H.N. || Reach Out || 1990 ||
|-
| Xivandza-nyongeni || Ngobeni, M.T. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1990 ||
|- 
| Matatani || Nkondo, C.P.N. || Rostrum || 1990 ||
|-
| Vukosi bya tswalelwa || Manganyi, S.J. || Rostrum || 1991 ||
|-
| Enkondzweni wa nkwangulacilo || Chauke, W.R. || Read Well || 1992 ||
|-
| Nsuku wa mina || Chauke, W.R. || Read Well || 1992  ||
|-
| Dyondzani Xitsonga || Golele, N.C.P. || Sovenga || 1992 ||
|-
| Hi yimeriwe hi siku rintshwa || Linmond, M || Educum || 1992 ||
|-
| Purasi rintsongo || Linmond, M || Educum || 1992 ||
|-
| Gqweta || Lubisi, C.M. || De Jager-HAUM || 1992 ||
|-
| Byi le tintihweni || Lubisi, C.M. || De Jager-HAUM || 1992 ||
|-
| Manguva lawa || Mabunda, M.S. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1992 ||
|-
| Nyandhayeyoo! || Mabuza, M.M. || Shuter &amp; Shooter ? || 1992 ||
|-
| U khanya mani? || Magagane, M.G. || Peskor || 1992 ||
|-
| Ndhasundhasu wa miehleketo || Manganyi, K.T.C. || Read Well || 1992 ||
|-
| Homa yi be tsolo || Manganyi, K.T.C. || Kagiso || 1992 ||
|-
| Mafelatiko || Mayevu, G.S. || De Jager-HAUM || 1992 ||
|-
| Ngula ya swirungulwana || Mpenyana, M.B. || Perskor || 1992 ||
|-
| Swi endlwa hi yini? || Ngobeni, M.T. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1992 ||
|-
| N'wamayengani || Nkhwashu, M.T. || Read Well || 1992 ||
|-
| Phehlwa ra gwambe na dzavana || Rikhotso, F.M. || Juta || 1992 ||
|-
| Xidziva xa vutomi || Shabangu, I.S. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1992 ||
|-
| Xihlovo xa le mahlweni madlayisa-torha || Baloyi, J.M. || Juta || 1993 ||
|-
| Malangavi || Magwaza, G.M. || Educum || 1993 ||
|-
| A mi si vona nchumu || Manganyi, K.T.C. || Perskor || 1993 ||
|-
| Rihojahoja Ra Vutlhokovetseri || Marhanele, M.M. || Juta || 1993 ||
|-
| Mabibi ya mbilu || Masinge, R. || Perskor || 1993 ||
|-
| Dyanani, ndzhaku i marhambu || Mkhari, G.O. || Educum || 1993 ||
|-
| Ndzi ta swi byela mani? || Mpenyana, M.B. || Acacia Books || 1993 ||
|-
| Swirilo || Mudau, V.A. || Juta || 1993 ||
|-
| A ndzi to yini? || Musengi, K.F. || Educum || 1993 ||
|-
| Khale ka makwangala || Rikhotso, F.M. || Heinemann || 1993 ||
|-
| U nga rili || Lubisi, C.M. || J.L. van Schaik || 1994 ||
|-
| Matshopetani ya vuhlangi || Magagane, M.G. || Kagiso || 1994 ||
|- 
| Mungu wa vutomi || Masumbe, B.M.C. || Kagiso || 1994 ||
|-
| A yi laviwi || Zwane, E.M. || Juta || 1994 ||
|-
| Mahlonga ya nchunxeko || Baloyi, H.T. || Heinemann || 1995 ||
|- 
| Kula n'wananga || Khosa, G.S. || Educum || 1995 ||
|-
| Vana va Afrika || Khosa, K.A. || Shuter &amp; Shooter || 1995 ||
|-
| Mangava || Khosa, T.H. || Kagiso || 1995 ||
|-
| ...hi le fasitereni || Mabaso, X.E. || Bard || 1995 ||
|-
| Maxindyana xo khana kambirhi || Maluleke, S.S. || Kagiso || 1995 ||
|-
| Vutomi i vhilwa || Mgiba, N.R. || Heinemann || 1995 ||
|-
| Ndzi tswaleriwe kwala || Mkari, N.B. || Perskor || 1995 ||
|-
| Mahewu n'wananga || Zwane, B.G. || Macmillan || 1995 ||
|-
| Ndzi dlayisile hi Mhani || Ngobeni, K.J. || J.L. van Schaik || 1996 ||
|-
| Swa manguva lawa || Ngondweni, P. || Tafelberg || 1996 ||
|-
| Mulunguntima || Risenga, D.J. || Heinemann || 1996 ||
|}
|}

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|1}}
[[Category: Vatsari va Xitsonga]]
[[Category: Tibuku ta Xitsonga]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Tibuku ta Xitsonga</title>
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    <title>Freddy Mzilikazi Rikhotso</title>
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      <comment>/* Swipotso/mintlangu */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4302" sha1="dsuchh5051uvsj3fyhxvma8izyqlocj" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

'''Freddy Rikhotso''' (''4 [[Dzivamusoko]] 1952'') i mutsari wa tibuku ta [[xitsonga]], a thlela a tiveka ngopfu tani hi muhaxi wa mahungu eka xitichi xa SABC xa [[Munghana Lonene FM]]. &lt;ref name=ph2&gt; A.T. Lamula (2013) &quot;[http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10386/1767/lamula_at_2013.pdf?sequence=2&amp;isAllowed=y Nkanelo wa ku oviwa ka timfanelo ta vavasati aka tsalwa ra khala ka makwangala hi F. Rikhotso]&quot; (March 2011) - Retrieved 28 August 2017. (Mini-Dissertation). &lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
Freddy Rikhotso u velekiwile eKeulen laha namuntlha ku tiviwaka hi vito ra Mafarana, eMopani District eka xifundza nkulu xa [[Limpopo]], etikweni ra Hosi Muhlava. Vatswari va yena i Jamela na James Rikhotso. Freddy Rikhotso u sungurile tidyondzo ta yena ta phurayimari eswikolweni leswi landzelaka: Calais, Bordeaux na Mafarana hi 1960. U thlela a nghena eswikolweni swa borden na Mafarana Primary School. U pasile standard 6 hi 1969 First class  laha a nga pasa giredi ya 4. Rikhotso u endlile tidyondzo ta yena ta sekondari exikolweni xa Phangasasa hi 1970 ku fikela 1972. 

===Vutsari:===
Loko a ri eka giredi ya 8, ePhangasasa hi 1970, u endlile matimu hi ku tsala buku ya ntlangu: Hlamalani  wa  ka  Gulatino , leyi nga kandziyisiwa hi vaka Sasavona Publishers and Booksellers. Buku leyi yi  landzeriwile hi yin’wana ya ntlangu yi nga Mavondzo a ya Hakeri, leyi a nga yi tsala a ri eka giredi ya 10 Phangasasa hi malembe  ya  1970-1972. Vutsari bya yena byi sukela loko a hamba a tsala switori eka magazine ya Wamba, munghana wa vana. Rikhotso u pasile giredi ya 12 hi 1973-1974 exikolweni xa le henhla xa Bankuna. U sungurile ku tirha etihofisini ta mfumo hi 1976 laha a nga sungula ku va muhleri wo sungula wa Mhalamhala eGiyani. U yisile tidyondzo ta yena emahlweni hi ku tidyondzela a ri ekaya, a ri karhi a tirha etiyunivhesiti to hambanahambana. Hi 1976 u pasile  Journalism Diploma eUnion College. U yisile tidyondzo ta yena emahlweni eyunivhesiti ya N’walungu laha a nga pasa digiri ya B.A. hi 1988. U gimetile tidyondzo ta yena hi Higher Education Diploma (HED) eYunivhesiti ya Unisa hi 1992 hi 2015 Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy in Literature. 

===Vuhaxi:===
Hi 1979 u thoriwile hi SABC ku va muhaxi wa khale ka Radio Tsonga, leyi sweswi yi tivekaka hi vito ra Munghana  Lonene FM e[[Polokwane]]. Ku sukela hi lembe ra 1981 ku fikela hi lembe ra 1996 u thoriwile eka xiyenge xa mahungu ya 
Radio Tsonga laha aa tirha tani hi muhlengeleti wa mahungu. Hi rona lembe leri ra 1996, u tlhele a tlhelela ePolokwane ku ya va muhlayi wa mahungu ya Munghana Lonene FM. Hi 2012 a swi endla 33 wa malembe a ri karhi a tirha  
kona ka Munghana Lonene FM.

== Tibuku leti a ti tsaleke ==
Tin’wana ta tibuku leti a ti tsaleke ti tirhisiwile eswikolweni swa tisekondari, swikolo swa le henhla ni tiyunivhesiti. Rikhotso u tsarile tibuku ta mitlangu leti katsaka: 

# Hlamalani wa ka Gulatino (1974),
# Mavondzo a ya hakeri,
# Nhenha ya Mafarana, 
# N’warilacuma, 
# Ndza tisola, 
# Mhunti yo fela etinyaweni, 
# Muhloti ya Mihloti,
# Magandlati ya vutomi

Eka swirungulwana u tsarile buku yin’we ntsena ya Xirimela. 

Tibuku ta mintsheketo leti a ti tsaleke ti katsa:

# Xa  mina i Nyeleti, 
# Ndzhaka yerhu, 
# Phehlwa ra Gwambe na Dzavana, 
# Vutshila bya vakokwa werhu,
# Khale ka Makwangala(1993). 

U tsarile na tibuku ta matimu ti nga leti landzelaka:  

# Tolo a nga vuyi, 
# Dyandza, 
# Vatsari va Vatsonga
# Matimu ya mfumo wa Gazankulu

== Masangwati ==
Hikowalaho ko tikarhata ni ku tiyimisela ka yena ni vutshila lebyi a ri na byona ni migingiriko ya yena u kumile masagwati ya vutsari ni yan’wana. Masagwati ya yena hi lama landzelaka:  

# Educum Literary award - Best  black  drama (1989)
# Idem award - Best Tsonga Radio Script(1989)
# Shutter and Shooter - Folklore award -  first  position (1991)
# Tsonga Language Board, H.P. Junod Folklore award -  first  position (1991)
# Best  Munghana Lonene News Reader - (2008)
# Pan South African Language Board - Literature Award (2010)
# Mama Beka Ntsan’wisi Community Builder Award - (2012)

==Swipotso/mintlangu ==
Rikhotso is also a current South African champion in the 200m during Golden Games in Port Elizabeth. At the age of (69) he is also
A 100m and 200m champion during Gauteng North Masters Athletics in (2019)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xibelani</title>
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    <id>4902</id>
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      <contributor>
        <ip>102.67.158.43</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Madeha ya ambariwa hi vavasati va vatsonga emilengeni</comment>
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      <text bytes="1685" sha1="o9cyn0xfuzapw1rj4s45gqywhoicn8k" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Shangaan.jpg|right|thumb|Vavasati va vatsonga, va cina Xibelani]]

Madeha

(''ndhindhani'') i x'ambalo xa vasati va vatsonga, lexi mbariwaka eka munkhuvo, kumbe mincino ya xitsonga yo fana na Mkhinyavezo, Minchachulo, Makhwaya na Minchongolo. Xibelani loko xi mbariwile, xifika ematsolweni naswona xibohiwa emasengeni.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph0&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken|title=Xibelani Dance|date=2010|publisher=VDM Publishing|location=Johannesburg|isbn=9786132112224|url=https://books.google.co.za/books?id=Sdm_bwAACAAJ&amp;dq=Mkhinyavezo&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=95EoTtyBILGz0AG2--TECg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;redir_esc=y}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xibelani ix'ambalo lexi hlawulekisaka Vatsonga naswona ximbariwa hivona ntsena emisaveni. Masiku lawa, Xibelani xikumeka xixavisiwa nale dorobheni ra Joni.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot;&gt;''Ndzavisiso wa Onasi-Mapaluxele ya ndhavuko wa Xitsonga eka tsalwa ra &quot;Masungi mfana ka Maxele&quot;'' - Machimana S.M (2009)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
Xibelani aximbariwa na tinguvu hi vavasati va vatsonga, eka minkarhi yakhale, kambe manguwa lawa, ximbariwa ngopfu eka minkhuvo ya ndhavuko na mincino ya xitsonga. Vana vavanhwana va vatsonga, vadyondza kumbala no cina Xibelani, vahari vatsongo. Xibelani hakanyingi ximbariwa na Xigejo enhenhla kaxona, kasi minkarhi yin'wana xibohiwa na nguvu ntsena.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph0&quot;/&gt;

== Ncino wa Xibelani ==
Xibelani xicinisiwa hi ku chukuvanyisa masenge, leswaku xibhelani naxona xi jika-jika, naswona mucini anga thlela a byekerisa no cinisa nenge, kuya hivutshila bya yena.  

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Sw'ambalo]]
[[Category:Mpahla]]
[[Category:Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Minceka</title>
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      <comment>Fixed typo and added content</comment>
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      <text bytes="1509" sha1="6fetss99n8fnrrbz4qd871dn9m179ic" xml:space="preserve">'''Nceka''' kumbe '''Minceka''' i tinguvu leti bohiwaka hi vavasati va matsonga. Hakanyingi n'wansati wa mutsonga u boha minceka yimbirhi emakatleni yi hingakanya, leswaku yi funengeta makatla, nhlana na kuthlela yi funengeta ndzhaku ka xibelani. Tinguvu ta minceka itamihlovo yo saseka naswona yo vonikela, kuhlanganisa [[mihlovo]] ya rihlaza; Wasi; xitshopani; halandi; Vangazi na Ncingwa. Vavasati va sasekisa minceka ya vona hi ku rhungela vuhlalu kumbe xiyimo xa xiluva kumbe xivumbeko xokarhi hi mivala lama rhandziwaka hi murhungi. Minceka yimbariwa ngopfu hi minkarhi ya minkhuvo yofana na malovolo; micato; rifu kumbe yin'wana minkhuvo ya ndhavuko. Yinwani minceka yi mbariwa kungari na nkhuvo kova ntolovelo kuwu ambala siku na siku va cinca cinca hi yona- vakokwani. &lt;ref name=&quot;ph0&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sandra Klopper|title=African Renaissance|date=2000|publisher=New Holland Publishers|location=Johannesburg|isbn=9781868724130|url=https://books.google.co.za/books?id=wepQAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Minceka+clothing&amp;dq=Minceka+clothing&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Museum of Modern Art (Oxford, England)|title=Art from South Africa|date=1990|publisher=Museum of Modern Art|location=Johannesburg|isbn=9780905836713|url=https://books.google.co.za/books?id=gr5PAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Minceka+clothing&amp;dq=Minceka+clothing&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Sw'ambalo]]
[[Category:Mpahla]]
[[Category:Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muvala</title>
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      <text bytes="1838" sha1="5p05703vhx89dr4lu3gejw9humm9dk1" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float: right;&quot;
! style=&quot;text-align: center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Mavala
|-
! style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;...........&lt;/span&gt;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |[[Tshwuka]]
|-
! style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 102, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;&quot; |&lt;br&gt;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |[[Tshopi]]
|-
! style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;&quot; |&lt;br&gt;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |[[Xitshopana]]/[[Halandi]]
|-
! style=&quot;background: rgb(0, 128, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;&quot; |&lt;br&gt;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |[[Rihlaza]]
|-
! style=&quot;background: rgb(0, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;&quot; |&lt;br&gt;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |[[Wasi-lwandle]]
|-
! style=&quot;background: rgb(0, 0, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;&quot; |&lt;br&gt;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |[[Wasi]]
|-
! style=&quot;background: rgb(128, 0, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;&quot; |&lt;br&gt;
! style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |[[Vhangazi]]
|}
'''Muvala''' i xihlawulekisi xa ku vona ka matihlo ya munhu lexi hambanisaka leswivoniwaka, hi ku hambanisa mavala hi maviti yo fana na muvala wo tshwuka, wa wasi, wa xitshopani, wa rihlaza, wa tshopi, wa vhangazi kumbe wa [[ntima]]. Mavala ma endliwa hi miseve ya [[Rivoningo|rivoningo]] leyi thlerisiwaka yiya nghena e matihlweni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wyszecki&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Günther|last=Wyszecki|author2=Stiles, W.S.|year=1982|title=Colour Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae|edition=2nd|pages=|publisher=Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics|location=New York|isbn=0-471-02106-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=R. W. G. Hunt|year=2004|title=The Reproduction of Colour|edition=6th|pages=11–12|publisher=Wiley–IS&amp;T Series in Imaging Science and Technology|location=Chichester UK|isbn=0-470-02425-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minthsaho ==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Mavala]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Mihlovo</title>
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    <title>Mpisana I</title>
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      <text bytes="1322" sha1="g7f1ry99ay1zqhg29nh7hkpdkh9xlt5" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Africa-bio-stub}}
----

{{Bio}}

Hosi '''Mpisana Nxumalo''' (Mpisana I) ''(† 1927)'' a kuri hosi ya mfumo wa Gaza naswona kuri malume wa hosi Nghunghunyana. Mpisana u vekiwile kuva hosi ya xikhomela, endzhaku ka ku khomiwa ka Nghunghunyana, n'wana wa makwavo (Mzila), tani hileswi Thulamahashe a a hari ntsongo leswaku a fuma. Mpisana u fumile kusukela hi lembe ra 1897 ku ya eka 1910. Mpisana u rhurhile ku suka eMandlakazi leyinge ka Gaza etikweni ra Mozambhiki ata e Afrika Dzonga laha a fikeke a aka eBushbuckridge, endzhawini elyi namunthla yi vuriwaka Thulamahashe.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph0&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mzilikazi wa Afrika|title=Nothing Left to Steal|date=2014|publisher=Penguin|location=UK|isbn=9780143531401|url=https://books.google.co.za/books?id=y1xWBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Nothing+left+to+steal&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mpisana uyile mahlweni ari mutsundzuxi wa Thulamahashe ku fikela loko ata lova hi lembe ra 1927.&lt;ref name=&quot;ph1&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Woolmore W.|title=Steinaecker's horsemen|date=2006|publisher=South African Country Life|location=RSA|isbn=9780958478243|url=https://books.google.co.za/books?id=XE8xAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Msinganyela&amp;dq=Msinganyela&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Tihosi ta Gaza}}
{{Lifetime|?|1927|Mpisana I}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Tihosi]]</text>
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    <title>Thulamahashe</title>
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----

{{Bio}}

Hosi '''Thulamahashe Msinganyela Nxumalo''' ''(† ca 1942)'' a kuri hosi ya mfumo wa Gaza, naswona ari n'wana wa hosi Nghunghunyana loyi a poneke ku khomiwa hi maphutukezi. Thulamahashe utsutsumile na kokwa wakwe Mpisana I, laha vayeke vaya aka eBushbuckridge endzhawini leyi namunthla yivuriwaka Thulamahashe. Hosi Thulamahashe u fumile ro sungula ku sukela hi 1910 loko kokwa wakwe ahundzisela mfumo eka yena, kukondza hi lembe ra 1922 loko ata nyizela buti wakwe Buyisonto loyi a vuyeke kusuka ePhocugali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2012/369.html|title=Nxumalo v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others (3829/2011) [2012] ZAGPPHC 369 (12 November 2012)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulamahashe uvitaniwe hi mfumo wa mabhunu epitori kuta fungha leswaku a a ngari na xikongomelo xo taka rixaka rakwe leswkau vathlelela eka Gaza e Mozambhiki hi lembe ra 1912. Thulamahashe uthlele a va hosi endhzaku ka kulova ka Buyisonto hi lembe ra 1932, ku kondza loko ata lova hi lembe ra 1942, laha a landzeriweke hi n'wana wakwe Kheto loyi a khomeleke Mafemani. &lt;ref name=&quot;ph0&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Parsons N|title=Prelude to Difaqane in the Interior of Southern Africac.1600-c.1822,|date=1995|publisher=Wits university Press|location=JHB|isbn=9781868142521}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Tihosi ta Gaza}}
{{Lifetime|?|1942|Thulamahashe}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Tihosi]]</text>
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{{Bio}}

Hosi '''Buyisonto Nxumalo''' ''(† 1932)'' akuri n'wana wa [[Nghunghunyana]], mufumi wohetelela wa mfumo wa Gaza, naswona hi yena ntsena loyi a poneke vutomi bya vukhomiwa e phochugali a thlela a vuyela eka rikwavo eBushbuckridge. Buyisonto unghenerile vusocha bya Phochugali naswona hi lembe 1921 u tirhile e tikweni Nambiya eku heleni ka nyimpi yo sungula ya misava. Buyisonto u tsarile papila a rirhumela e Bushbuckridge laha makwavo Thulamahashe a ari hosi kona hi lembe ra 1921, naswona pfhumba ra yena ri sungurile hi lembe rero. Buyisonto us sukile e dorobheni ra Windhoek hi 1922 naswona a kongoma eJoni, laha a hundzeke hi xitimela a kongoma eLouis Trichardt, kusuka kona ahundzela e Bushbuckridge, laha a fikeke avekiwa Hosi ya mfumo wa Gaza lowu anase wu tiviwa hi ra Machangana Tribal Authority.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2012/369.html|title=Nxumalo v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others (3829/2011) [2012] ZAGPPHC 369 (12 November 2012)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buyisonto ufumile kufikela loko ata lova hi lembe ra 1932, laha Thulamahashe a thleleke a teka vukosi.&lt;ref name=&quot;hp1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Makamu|first=S.H. N.|title=Vukosi bya buyisonto|year=1983|publisher=Sasavona|location=JHB|isbn=9780907985686|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Tihosi ta Gaza}}
{{Lifetime|?|1932|Buyisonto}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Tihosi]]</text>
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  <page>
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'''Bantu Stephen Biko''' (18 [[N'wendzamhala]] 1946&amp;nbsp;– 12 [[Ndzhati]] 1977){{sfnm|1a1=Woods|1y=1978|1p=49|2a1=Wilson|2y=2012|2p=18|3a1=Hill|3y=2015|3p=xxi}} akuri mulweri wa nthsuxeko wa le [[Afrika Dzonga]]. A ari murhangeri wa nhlangano wa swa tipolitiki wa Black Conciousness Movement, lowu tivekeke hi malembe ya va 1960 na va 1970, naswona wu hlohlotela vu Afrika na vu [[Soxalizimi]]. Mihleketo ya yena yihlamuseriwe eka matsalwa ya yena lama kandziyisiweke hi ku tirhisa vito ra vutsari ra '''Frank Talk'''.

Biko ukulele mutini wa vusweti, e lokichini ra Ginsberg exifundzeni xa [[Vuxa bya Kapa]]. Hi lembe ra 1966, usungurile tidyondzo ta vuongori a Yunivhesithi ya Natala, laha a ngheneleke nhlangano wa machudeni wa (NUSAS).{{sfnm|1a1=Smit|1y=1995|1p=18|2a1=Wilson|2y=2012|2p=28}} Biko a a karhatiwa ngopfu hi kutala ka valungu endzeni ka nhlangano ya machudeni ya NUSAS, loko yiri karhi yilwisana na mfumo lowu a wu tshikelela vantima. A a pfumela leswaku hambileswi van'wana vavalungu avarina swikongomelo leswinene, kambe a va tsandzeka ku twisisa swiphiqo swa vantima na vutomi bya ntshikelelo, naswona leswi aswi endla va nga tirhisani kahle na machudeni man'wana. U ake vonelo raleswaku, vanhu vantima ava fanele kutilulamisa havoxe, leswaku vata papalata kutshikeleriwa hi valungu, hiswona leswi endleke leswaku a rhangela kusimekiwa ka nhlangano ya machudeni yinthswa ya SASO hi lembe ra 1968.{{sfnm|1a1=Woods|1y=1978|1p=119|2a1=Wilson|2y=2012|2p=36|3a1=Macqueen|3y=2013|3p=367|4a1=Mangcu|4y=2014|4p=169}} Nhlangano leyi ya SASO, ayi amukela vanhu va ntima ntsena, lava avahlanganisa makhaladi na va Indiya. Utikarhatile leswaku a hambanisa nhlangano wa yena na valungu lava avari namboyamelo wo lwela timfanelo ta vantima, hambi leswi a akanetana na ku venga valungu, naswona u akile vuxaka na vanghana va valungu votala. Nhlangano wa National Party, awu seketela kusimekiwa ka nhlangano wa SASO, tani hileswi ava vona wu hetisekisa xikongomelo xa vona xo hambanisa machudeni hi rixaka na nhlonge.

Biko na vanakulori vakwe va ake vonelo ra Kuxalamukisa Vantima (Black Conciousness), leri veke vonelo ra nawu wa SASO, hi kuya hi nhlohlotelo wa Frantz Fanon na nhlangano wa le Amerikha wa Matimba ya vuntima. Nhlangano wa yena wu hlohlotele no seketela tsima ro herisa mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu no cinca Afrika Dzonga leswaku yi voyamela eka mintshuxeko ya vanhu na ikhonomi ya Vusoxalisi. Nhlangano lowu wu thlela wu lulamisa matsima ya miganga ya vantima (Black Community Programmes - BCPs) lyi a yi tshikelela ku antshwisiwa ka mahanyele ya vantima. Biko a a pfumela leswaku vanhu va vantima ava fanele ku tshumula kuti xixa no tivona vari nga ehansi ka tinxaka tin'wana, naswona vonelo leri uri kurise hi ku tirhisa xivulwa xandhuma lexinge &quot;Vuntima byi Sasekile&quot;. Hilembe ra 1972, upfunile ku simeka nhlangano wa vanhu vantima wa tipolitiki wa BPC lwu kutazeke Nxalamuko wa Vantima.{{sfnm|Mangcu|2014|p=188}} Mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu wusungule ku vona Biko tani hi muluthanyi naswona wun'wu sivela hi nawu, hilembe ra 1973, wu n'wi siveleke ku famba-famba na ku hlanganela swa tipolitiki. Hmabiswiritano uyile emahlweni a pfuneta nhlanagno wa yena ku simeka Kliniki na Khireche e Ginsberg laha aa siveriwe kona. Eka nkarhi lowu wa kusiveriwa, ukumile minxungeto ya xihundla, naswona uthlele a khomiwa makhambi yo hlaya hi ndzawulo ya vusirheleri ya mfumo. Endzhaku ko khomiwa hi maphorisa ya ndzawulo ya vusirheleri bya tiko, Biko u mbeyeteriwile hi maphorisa, laha aheteleke a lova. Kwalomu ka kutlula 20,000 wa vakhandli vanhlonge va tile eka ntirho wa rifu ra yena.{{sfnm|Woods|1978|p=159}}{{sfnm|1a1=Bernstein|1y=1978|1p=5|2a1=Mangcu|2y=2014|2p=262}}

Ndhuma ya Biko, yikurile endzhaku ka rifu rakwe, loko Buku ya vutomi byakwe leyi tsariweke hi munghana wakwe [[Donald Woods]], yitirhisiwe ku endla filimi ya &quot;Cry Freedom&quot; hi lembe ra 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;blandy&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mg.co.za/printformat/single/2007-12-31-sa-editors-escape-from-apartheid-30-years-on/ |title=SA editor's escape from apartheid, 30 years on |first=Fran |last=Blandy |work=Mail &amp; Guardian |date=31 Dec 2007 |accessdate=19 June 2011 |dead-url=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220191245/https://mg.co.za/printformat/single/2007-12-31-sa-editors-escape-from-apartheid-30-years-on/ |archivedate=20 December 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Utirhisiwile eka vunanga na tinsimu to hlaya, kuhlanganisa na vupfapfarhuti byohlaya, kasi vun;winyi bya ntirho wakwe na mavonele yakwe eka swa tipolitiki swa ha lweriwa kufikela na sweswi. Mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu wu lumbete Biko leswaku a a venga valungu naswona a thlela a ala ku xixima vaxisati, naku ringeta ku hoxa madzolonga eka makhaladi na va indiya. Hambiswiritano, Biko uhundzukile mfungo wa minhlangano leyi a yi lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu, naswona a voniwa tani hi &quot;Tatana wa pfhumba ra ku Xalamuka ka vantima&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lynskey&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Lynskey|first=Dorian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/dec/06/nelson-mandela-protest-song-special-aka|title=Nelson Mandela: The Triumph of the Protest Song|website=The Guardian|date=6 December 2013|accessdate=26 October 2016|dead-url=no|archivedate=9 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209005705/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/dec/06/nelson-mandela-protest-song-special-aka}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/423/4673.html|title=The 10 Greatest South Africans of all time|website=BizCommunity|date=27 September 2004|accessdate=31 March 2017|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6rmw3sMaT?url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/423/4673.html|archivedate=7 July 2017|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Lifetime|1946|1977|Steve Biko}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]</text>
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| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:Salmon;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;'''{{{Vito}}}'''&lt;/big&gt;
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| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Vito leri heleleke:''' ||  {{{Vito leri heleleke}}}
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| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Siku Ro velekiwa:''' ||  {{{Siku}}}
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| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Ndzhawu yo velekiwa:''' ||  {{{Ndzhawu yo velekiwa}}}
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| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''A lova hi:''' ||  {{{A lova hi}}}
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| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Ndzhawu yo lova:''' ||  {{{Ndzhawu yo lova}}}
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| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Ntirho wakwe:''' ||  {{{Ntirho}}}
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| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Nhlangano:''' ||  {{{Nhlangano}}}
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| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Vana:''' ||  {{{Vana}}}
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&lt;pre&gt;
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    <title>Robert Sobukwe</title>
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      <comment>Sobukwe hi lembe ra 1969</comment>
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      <text bytes="9066" sha1="g8edzvp9gjrebpuomzhyxqgsrp2bl80" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio|caption=Sobukwe hi lembe ra 1969}}
'''Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe''' (5 N'wendzamhala 1924 – 27 Nyenyenyani 1978) akuri n'wapolitiki na mulwela-nchuseko wa le Afrika Dzonga, loyi a simekeke nhlangano wa Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) lowu a wulwisana na mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu. Hi lembe ra 2004 Sobukwe a langhiwile tani hi munhu wavu 42 eka nxaxamelo wa va Afrika Dzonga vo hlawuleka wa SABC3.  

Evuton'wini byakwe, Sobukwe a a voniwa ari muluthanyi-nkulu lero mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu wu humese nawu ephalamendhe ra wona lwu a wu vutiwa &quot;Xinawana xa Sobukwe&quot;, lexi a xi ndlandlamuxa matimba ya mfumo, ngopfu-ngopfu a xi pfumelela ku engetela malembe ya ku khostsiwa ka Sobukwe.

== Malembe ya vunthswa ==
Sobukwe uvelekiwe e Graaff-Reinet leyi nge Xifundzeni xa Kapa hi 5 N'wendzamhala 1924.&lt;ref name=&quot;SAHistory&quot;&gt;[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/robert-mangaliso-sobukwe &quot;Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe&quot;], South African History Online.&lt;/ref&gt; Sabukwe akuri rikotse eka vana va ntsevu, naswona ukulele e mutini wa vusweti laha athleleke a dyondza xikolo elokichini leri. U nghenele tidyondzo takwe tale henhla ekholechini ya Methodist le yinge Healdtown naswona endzaku aya nghena eYunivhesithi ya Fort Hare laha a tihlanganiseke na nhlangano ya vantshwa ya ANC (ANCYL) hilembe ra  1948 athlela a langhiwa kuva murhangeri wa machudeni eka (SRC).&lt;ref name=&quot;Maaba&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Maaba|first=Brown Bavusile|title=The Archives of the Pan Africanist Congress and the Black Consciousness-Orientated Movements|journal=History in Africa|volume=28|pages=417–438|jstor=3172227|date=2001|registration=|doi=10.2307/3172227}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ta vupolitiki ==
Hi lembe ra 1952 Sobukwe ukume ndhuma yaku hlohlotela tsima raku pfukela mfumo.
A a pfumelelana na malandza ya ANC lawa ayari na mavonele ya vuAfrika, naswona hi lembe ra 1957 u sukele nhlangano wa ANC ivi ayava muhleri wa phephahungu ra ''The Africanist'' leri arikumeka eJoni.

A ari mupfumeri lonkulu wa vuAfrika na vumundzuku bya rona laha a aleke mavonele yo tirhisana na vanhu van'wana handle ka va Afrika, laha a hlamuseleke muAfrika kuri un'wana na un'wana loyi a hanyaka no tinyiketela eka mfumo wa vunyingi bya va Afrika. U hetelele a sukele nhlangano wa ANC leswaku a simeka Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), laha a thleleke alanghiwa leswaku ava murhangeri wa wona wosungula hi 1959.

Sobukwe a a tiviwa hi ra Phrofesa kumbe &quot;Prof&quot; eka vanakulori na alandzeri vakwe, leswi a swikombisa kudyondzeka na vutshila byakwe byo vulavula erivaleni no khorwisa. Uvulavule hi xilaveko xa &quot;kuti kutsula&quot; ka va Afrika dzonga handle ka kupfuniwa hi vanhu vale handle ka Afria.  Uhlamusele vanhu vale handle ka Afrika, kuri un'wana na un'wana loyi anga xiximiku tiko-nkulu ra Afrika naswona a ala kuhanya ehansi ka mfumo wa vunyingi bya Afrika. Kupfumela kakwe eka mavonele lawa ku khutaze no hlohlotela vanhu na minhlangano yo tala leyi ayi lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu, ngopfu-ngopfu nhlangano wa ku Xalamuka ka vantima.

E Fort Hare, laha vantshwa votala va vantima va va Afrika Dzonga ava sungula ku nghenelela swa tipolitiki, Sobukwe u nghenelele nhlangano ya vantshwa ya ANC hi 1948. Nhlangano lowu awu simekiwe e yunivhesithini leyi hi Godfrey Pitje, loyi a thleleke ava murhangeri wa wona. Hi 1949 Sobukwe u langhiwe tani hi murhangeri wo sungula wa huvo ya machudeni, laha atikombiseke ari xivulavuri lexinene.

Hi lembe ra 1950 Sobukwe u thoriwile tani hi mudyondzisi exikolweni xa ntanga ya lehenhla xa Standerton, laha a thleleke a caciwa hileswi a seketeleke Tsima ra ku pfukela mfumo hi 1952. Kambe endzhakunyana uthlele a thoriwa exikolweni xelexo. Eka nkarhi lowu, a angasi nghenelela swa tiplolitiki ta ANC swa siku na siku, hambileswi a a ri matsalana wa vandla ra ANC kwale Standerton.

Hi lembe ra 1954 endzhaku ko rhurhela e Joni, Sobukwe uthoriwile tani hi mudyondzisi wa ti dyondzo ta Afrika e Yunivhesithi ya Vhetsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;SAinfo&quot;&gt;[http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/robert-sobukwe-overview.htm#.V47WbdIrLZ4 &quot;Robert Sobukwe: 'There is only one race. The human race.'&quot;] History and heritage, SouthAfrica.info.&lt;/ref&gt; Hinkarhi lowu a a tshama le Joni, uthlele a tirha tani hi muhleri wa phepha-hungu ra ''The Africanist '' laha a sunguleke ku sola vandla ra ANC leri pfumeleleke ku rhangeriwa hi vanhu lava a a va vula &quot;Va fambisanaka na vuxaka na mavonele ya Ximatsi&quot;. Hambe swiritano a a pfumela no tinyiketela ku hetisa kuhlawulana hi kuya hi nhlonge. Athela ava museketeri lonkulu wa vonele ra xi Afrika eka kutshunxeka ka Afrika Dzonga naswona a ala vonele ro tirhisana na valungu.

== Ku khotsiwa ==
Hi 21 Nyenyankulu 1960, PAC yi rhangele xitereka xa tiko hinkwaro lexi a xi kombisa kuvilela hi nawo wa Mapasi, lowu a wu sindzisa vantima ku khoma Pasi minkarhi hinkwayo. Sobukwe urhangele xitereka lexi a xikongome e xitichini xa maphorisa xa [[Orlando West|Orlando, e Soweto]], laha va tluleke nawu wa pasi hivomu.  Uhlanagnisiwe no landzeriwa hi valandzeri vohlayanyana, laha va humeseke mapasi yavona eka ndzhawu leyi a vanga pfumeleriwanga eka yona, ivi va kumeka vatlule nawu hindlela yeleyo. Eka xitereka xofana hi siku relero e lokichini ra Sharpeville, maphorisa ma duvurile no dlaya vanhu va 69 eka ntshungu va malandza ya PAC eka [[mhangu ya le Sharpville]].

Endzhaku ka ku khomiwa kakwe, Sobukwe ulumbetiwile a thlela a gweviwa hi mhaka yo hlohlotela vanhu ku tlula nawu, laha a bihiweke malembe manharhu ekhotsweni. Endzaku ka ku heta xigwevo xakwe, u thlele a tekiwa ayisiwa e xihlaleni xa Robben Island.  Kupfuxetiwa ka Nawu wa le rivaleni, kuthele ku endla swikoteka leswaku xigwevo xa Sobukwe xi engeteriwa hi malawuri wa ndzawulo ya Vululami. Xinawana lexi xithele xi vitiwa &quot;Xinawana xa Sobukwe&quot; naswona xitirhisiwe ku engetela xigwevo xa Sobkwe hi malembe manharhu .Sobukwe hi yena nstena loyi a khostiweke no tshikeleriwa hi ku tirhisa xinawana lexi.

== Kukhotsiwa e xihlaleni xa Robben Island ==
Sobukwe a a khotsiwe a ri swakwe, kambe a thlela a pfumeleriwa ku kuma tibuku, maphepha-hungu, swi ambalo leswi tolovelekeke, xinkwa naswin'wana.  A a hanya exiyengeni lexi hambanisiweke exihlaleni lexi laha a anga swikoti kuvonana na vabohiwa van'wana. Kambe a a kota ku vulavula na vona hikutirhisa mifungo ya xihundla ya mavoko, loko ari karhi a ti olola ehandle. Hambi swiritano, u swikotile ku pfumelela vandla ra PAC leswaku ri tekelela nongonoko wa politiki wa vu Mawo. Hinkarhi lowu wa ku khotsiwa, uyisile emahlweni tidyondzo takwe ta Ikhonomixsi laha a heteleleke a kuma Digri yakwe e Yunuvhesithi ya le Landhani.

Ku ehleketiwa leswaku Sobukwe a a khostiwe hindlela leyi yo hlawuleka hileswi a a chaviwa ngopfu hi mfumowa xihlahlawu ku tlula vabihiwa va vandla ra ANC.

Eka knarhi wa vubiwa byakwe, Sobukwe u hlakulele vunakulori byakwe na Benjamin Pogrund loyi a theleke a tsala buku ya vutomi byakwe endzhaku ka malembe yo hlaya (''Sobukwe and Apartheid'', Johannesburg: J. Ball, 1990).

== Kimberley: Vukhumbi bya lekaya ==
Sobukwe u hetelele a kutsuriwa hi lembe ra 1969. Upfumeleriwe kuya tshama no hanya e dorobheni ra Kimberley swin'we na ndyangu wakwe hambi leswi a thleleke a bohiwa emutini wakwe a siveriwa ku famba famba a tshunxekile. Kimberley yi langiwile tani hi ndzhawu leyi a a ta kota tirha kona ehansi ka tinhlo ra mfumo. Uthele a siveriwa kuhlanganela swa tipolitiki.

Usiveriwe hi swinawana swo tala leswi hlanganiseke ku n'wisivela ku huma a tikweni noya entsungeni wa malwandle, leswi tsemeke milorho yakwe yo yisa tindyondzo takwe e mahlweni. Hiswona leswi endleke leswaku a ala mintirho yo letela e tindzawulweni ta hambana ta le Amerikha.

Sobukwe u hetisile tidyondzo takwe eka timhaka ta nawu hi ku pfuniwa hi qhweta rale ndzhawini ya Galeshwewe, ivi a sungula vuqhweta byakwe hi lembe ra 1975 e Kimberley.

== Mavabyi na rifu ==
Hikwalaho ka vuvabyi byo leha bya Mfukuzana ya Mahahu, Sobukwe u amukeriwe e xibedlele hi 1977.  Madokodela yakwe makombele mfumo leswaku wun'i pfumelela ntshuxeko wa ku famaba-famaba hikwalaho ka mavabyi. Xikombelo lexi xi aleriwile hi mfumo kufikela loko ata lova hi 27 Nyenyenyani 1978, naswona avekiwa eGraaf-Reinet hi 11 Nyenyankulu 1978.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mikongomiso ya le handle ==
* [http://about-south-africa.com/html/robert_sobukwe.html Robert Sobukwe - Leader of The Africanist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503042613/http://about-south-africa.com/html/robert_sobukwe.html |date=2007-05-03 }}
* [http://www.wits.ac.za/histp/sobukwe.htm Collection of historical papers on Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220073918/http://www.wits.ac.za/histp/sobukwe.htm |date=2007-02-20 }} at The University of the Witwatersrand Library
* Austil Mathebula, [http://citizen.co.za/342634/compared-to-luthuli-sobukwe-is-a-heavyweight/ &quot;Robert Sobukwe, a lesser known hero&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719134845/http://citizen.co.za/342634/compared-to-luthuli-sobukwe-is-a-heavyweight/ |date=2016-07-19 }}, ''The Citizen'', 19 March 2015

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1924|1978|Robert Sobukwe}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sw'ambalo</title>
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      <comment>/* Masungulo ya Sw'ambalo */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3111" sha1="dx5c4r3xbdmluymt70vequueq6s0fdq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Clothes.jpg|thumb|Sw'ambalo eka matimu, Kusukela eka va Gibhita, Vagriki, vaRhoma, vaBhazantina na va Furhwa.]]
'''Sw'ambalo''' ( kumbe Swi ambalo) inguvu yin'wana na yin'wana leyi oloveke naswona leyi mbariwaka emirini wa munhu. Vanhu hivona ntsena swiharhi leswi ambalaka miri wa swona naswona ixihlawulekisi xa ndhavuko eka nhlangano wa vanhu. Nhlayo na muxaka wa sw'ambalo wu titshege eka muxaka wa miri, ndzhavuko na mbangu. Sw'ambalo swin'wana swi yelana na rimbewu ra munhu.

Sw'ambalo swi pfuna no eneta swi kongomelo swo hambana-hambana, kufana na: kutisirhelela eka maxelo, kutisirhelela eka mintirho leyi nga vangaka khombo kufana na ku tlanga e gwitsini kube ku sweka. Swi sirhelela mu ambali eka tindzhawu leti khonyaka, swimilana leswi vangelaka ku n'wayisa, kulomiwa hi swi tsotswana, mintwa na swin'wana hi ku vanga ndzelakano exikarhi ka nhlonge na mbangu. Sw'ambalo swinga thlela swi kufumeta kumbe kutimula munhu eka maxelo. Hi ku engeta, swi thlela swi sirhelela rihanyo, hi ku sivela switsongwatsongwana na tikhemikhali letinga vangaka khombo emirini. Swiambalo swithlela swi sirhelela eka miseve ya Ultraviolet leyi vavisaka nhlonge. Sw'ambalo ixihlawulekisi xa vumunhu, tani hileswi ku hluvuriwa exikarhi kavanhu swinga ha vangela tingana, kumbe ku famba ulo mbyinya swa yila evanhwini.

== Masungulo ya Sw'ambalo ==
Kuhava ndlela yo olova yo tiyisekisa siku leri sw'ambalo swinga tsumburiwa ha rona, kambe kuhlahluviwa ka tinhwala leti kumiweke eka swirhundzu swakhale ku lavetela kwalomu ka malembe ya 42,000 kuya eka 72,000 wa malembe lama hundzeke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser &amp; Mark Stoneking |journal=[[Current Biology]] |volume=13 |pages=1414–1417 |year=2003 |title=Molecular evolution of ''Pediculus humanus'' and the origin of clothing |url=http://www.eva.mpg.de/genetics/pdf/Kittler.CurBiol.2003.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |doi=10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00507-4 |pmid=12932325 |issue=16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910120019/http://www.eva.mpg.de/genetics/pdf/Kittler.CurBiol.2003.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-10 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stoneking&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.current-biology.com/content/article/fulltext?uid=PIIS0960982204009856 |last=Stoneking |first=Mark |title=Erratum: Molecular evolution of ''Pediculus humanus'' and the origin of clothing |accessdate=March 24, 2008 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/29.full &quot;...Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use ...&quot;], Mol Biol Evol (2011) 28 (1): 29-32.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation
|last=Reed
|first=David
|title=Pair of lice lost or parasites regained: The evolutionary history of Anthropoid primate lice
|publisher=BMC Biology
|year=2007
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/13258/naked_ape_humans_lost_body_hair_long_before_finding_clothes/|title=Naked ape: Humans lost body hair long before finding clothes|accessdate=2012-03-13|date=2003-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Sw'ambalo]]
[[Category:Mpahla]]</text>
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 |Surname1 = {{{inventor-surname|{{{inventor1-surname|{{{inventor-last|{{{inventor1-last|{{{inventor|{{{invent-1|{{{invent1|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
 |Surname2={{{inventor2-surname|{{{inventor2-last|{{{inventor2|{{{invent2|}}}}}}}}}}}}
 |Surname3={{{inventor3-surname|{{{inventor3-last|{{{inventor3|{{{invent3|}}}}}}}}}}}}
 |Surname4={{{inventor4-surname|{{{inventor4-last|{{{inventor4|{{{invent4|}}}}}}}}}}}}
 |Given1 = {{{inventor-given|{{{inventor1-given|{{{inventor-first|{{{inventor1-first|}}}}}}}}}}}}
 |Given2={{{inventor2-given|{{{inventor2-first|}}}}}}
 |Given3={{{inventor3-given|{{{inventor3-first|}}}}}}
 |Given4={{{inventor4-given|{{{inventor4-first|}}}}}}
 |Inventorlink1={{{inventorlink1|{{{inventorlink|}}}}}}
 |Inventorlink2={{{inventorlink2|}}}
 |Inventorlink3={{{inventorlink3|}}}
 |Inventorlink4={{{inventorlink4|}}}
 |Title={{{title|}}}
 |CountryCode={{{country-code|{{{country|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}
 |PublicationNumber={{{publication-number|{{{patent-number|{{{number|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}}}}
 |Description={{{description|{{{status|{{{3|}}}}}}}}}
 |PublicationDate={{{publication-date|{{{pubdate|}}}}}}
 |IssueDate={{{issue-date|{{{gdate|}}}}}}
 |Year={{{year}}}
 |FilingDate={{{fdate|}}}
 |PriorityDate={{{pridate|}}}
 |Assignee1={{{assign1|}}}
 |Assignee2={{{assign2|}}}
  |Ref={{{ref|harv}}}
  |Sep = {{#ifeq:{{{separator|{{{seperator}}}}}}|;|&amp;#059;|{{{separator|{{{seperator|,}}}}}}}}
  |PS = {{#if:{{{quote|}}}||{{{postscript|}}}|.}}
  |AuthorSep = {{#ifeq:{{{author-separator|}}}|;|&amp;#059;|{{{author-separator|&amp;#059;}}}}}&amp;#32;
}}&lt;!--
    CITATIONS FOR THINGS LIKE BOOKS AND PERIODICALS
--&gt;
|{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation
}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6dqb1lfxpl27zbelqfuxa721pjppb48</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Sw'ambalo</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30496</id>
      <timestamp>2017-09-27T14:49:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30496</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Mpahla</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4930</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30497</id>
      <timestamp>2017-09-27T14:49:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30497</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vusweki</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4931</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34128</id>
      <parentid>34127</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-09T10:35:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>34128</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1600" sha1="6lvi7y3s0v1cd4hqbs0ghgl8c9t0y6r" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Agdz-rosino-05.jpg|thumb|Kusweka endzhawini yo xavisa swakudya a [[Morocco|Morokho]]]]
'''Vusweki''' i [[vutshila]] byo lumamisa [[swakudya]] hi kutirhisa ndzilo kumbe handle ka wona. Tindlela to sweka na switirhisiwa , swa hambana hi kuya hi ndzhawu emisaveni, kusukela eka ku oxa swakudya hi ndzilo wa tihunyi kumbe hi ku tirhisa switofo swa [[gezi]], kuya eka ku baka, hi kuya hi mbangu, ikhonomi na [[ndzhavuko|mindzhavuko]] ya vanhu. Maswekelo ya fambisana na vutshila na vuleteri lebyi musweki angana byona. Vusweki byi endliwa hi [[vanhu]] emitini ya vona, kumbe e tindzhawini to xavisa swakudya. Swakoteka ku sweka handle ka kutirhisa ndzilo, hixikombisa e tikweni-nkulu ra [[Amerikha wa le Dzongeni]], kuswekiwa nhlampfi yokarhi hi kutirhisa mati ya maswira ntsena.

Ku sweka swakudya hindzilo, imaendlelo ya vanhu ntsena. Maendlelo lawa mangava masungule kwalomu ka 2 wa timiliyoni ta malembe lama hundzeke.

[[Nhluvuko]] wa swa [[vurimi]], swa [[mabindzu]], na [[vutleketli]] exikarhi ka minhluvuko e tindzhawini tohambana-hambana ku nyike vasweki swilovolovo swo hambana hambana. Vutumbuluxi lebyi ntshwa na ti [[Thekinoloji]], kufana na makhuwana yo virisa mati, swi ndlandlamuxe vutshila na tindlela to sweka. Vasweki van'wana va manguva lawa va tirhisa vutshila bya [[sayensi]] leswaku valulamisa no nadzihisa swakudya swa vona.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=a-new-spin-on-cooking|title=A New Spin on Cooking|author1=W. Wayt Gibbs|author2=Nathan Myhrvold}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Vusweki]]
[[Category:Swakudya]]</text>
      <sha1>6lvi7y3s0v1cd4hqbs0ghgl8c9t0y6r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Vusweki</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4932</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30506</id>
      <timestamp>2017-09-29T13:13:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ntima</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4933</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37971</id>
      <parentid>34191</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-02-24T21:42:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>216.53.201.2</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37971</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2903" sha1="lav65618ms61g2255mykirhxuwee3an" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; style=&quot;width: 200px;&quot;
 |+ &lt;big&gt;Muvala wa Ntima&lt;/big&gt;
 |-
 | style=&quot;color:black; background:black;&quot; | Muvala wa Ntima 
 |-
 |{{Photomontage|position=right|photo1a=Philip the good.jpg|photo1b=Gisele Bündchen at the Fashion Rio Inverno 2006.jpg|photo1c=01 Schwarzbär.jpg|photo2a=Queen Victoria after Heinrich von Angeli.jpg|photo2b=NGC 406 Hubble WikiSky.jpg|photo2c=Percy Bysshe Shelley by Alfred Clint.jpg|photo3a=Supreme Court US 2009.jpg}}
 |}
[[File:1920 Ford Model T Centerdoor Sedan 2.jpg|thumb|right|Movha wa muvala wa ntima wa Ford, hi lembe ra 1920]]

'''Muvala wa Ntima''' i muvala wa xinyami, lowu vangiwaka hi kupfumaleka kumbe ku koka [[rivoningo]] hinkwaro.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/achromatic+color|title=Definition of ''achromatic''|publisher=Free Dictionary|accessdate=August 30, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muvala lowu hakanyingi wu yimela xinyami, kasi muvala wo basa wu yimela rivoningo.{{sfn|Heller|2009|pages=105–26}}

Mafurha ya muchini wo tsala, ya muvala wa ntima matirhisiwa ngopfu ku pfapfarhuta tibuku, maphephahungu na man'wana matsalwa hikwalaho ka leswi muvala wa ntima wu vonakaka ngopfu eka phepha ro basa. Thlandla-kambirhi, maletere ya muvala wa ntima hiwona matirhisiwaka ngopfu eka tikhompuyuta to tala.&lt;ref&gt;Heller, Eva, ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques'' (2009), p. 126&lt;/ref&gt; Kasi wuthlela wutirhisiwa kuhlanganisa na mihlovo ya [[Wasi-wa lwandle]] na ku endla mihlovo yo dzindza.

Muvala wa ntima na wo basa, yitirhisiwa ngopfu ku hlamusela ku hambana, kufana na ntiyiso na ku Honisa, Vunene na vubihi, &quot;Nguva ya xinyami&quot; na &quot;Nguva ya rivoningo&quot;. Kusukela eka nguva ya lexikarhi muvala wa ntima wu voniwa tani hi muvala wo chaviseka na vulawuri, hiswona leswi endleke leswaku kufikela namunthla Va-avanyisi na va Majistreti va ha ambala sw'ambalo swa muvala lowu.{{sfn|Heller|2009|pages=105–26}}

Muvala wantima i wun'wana wa mihlovo yo sungula leyi a yitirhisiwa hi vanhu vakhala lava ava tshama emabakwini. Hi lembe-xidzana ra vu 14, wusungule ku mbariwa hi vale vuhosini, vafundhisi, Va-avanyisi na va tirhi va mfumo etindzhawini to tala ta tiko-nkulu ra Yuropa. Wuthlele wuva muvala lowu mbariwaka hi vathlokovetseri va vanghezi, van'wamabindzu na vafumi eka lembe-xidzana ra vu 19, naswona wutirhisiwa ngopfu eka ma ambalele ya lembe-xidzana ra vu 20.{{sfn|Heller|2009|pages=105–26}}

Eka mfumo wa Varhoma, wuve muvala wa vakhandli vanhlonge, naswona wuthlela wu yelanisiwa na rifu, vubihi na vuloyi. Hikuya hi swivutisa mani e matikweni-nkulu ya Yuropa na Amerikha wa le N'walungu, muvala lowu yelanisiwaka na vakhandli va nhlonge, Makumo, Swihundla, Masaramusi, Matimba, Madzolonga, Vuhomboloki, na Ximfumo.&lt;ref&gt;Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques'', pp.&amp;nbsp;105–27.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minthsaho ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Mavala]]
[[Category:Munyama]]</text>
      <sha1>lav65618ms61g2255mykirhxuwee3an</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Sfn</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4934</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30509</id>
      <timestamp>2017-10-02T12:27:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" sha1="dph4d78ri4yz9o2me1bhno2a113h471" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dph4d78ri4yz9o2me1bhno2a113h471</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Footnotes</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30510</id>
      <timestamp>2017-10-02T12:29:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;f = { 	args_default = { 		bracket_left = &quot;&quot;, 		bracket_right = &quot;&quot;, 		bracket_year_left = &quot;&quot;, 		bracket_year_right = &quot;&quot;, 		postscript = &quot;&quot;, 		page = &quot;&quot;, 		pages = &quot;&quot;, 		locatio...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30510</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5830" sha1="nuapsj7w21sgzxwemfxq4la2bnouwnf" xml:space="preserve">f = {
	args_default = {
		bracket_left = &quot;&quot;,
		bracket_right = &quot;&quot;,
		bracket_year_left = &quot;&quot;,
		bracket_year_right = &quot;&quot;,
		postscript = &quot;&quot;,
		page = &quot;&quot;,
		pages = &quot;&quot;,
		location = &quot;&quot;,
		page_sep = &quot;, p.&amp;nbsp;&quot;,
		pages_sep = &quot;, pp.&amp;nbsp;&quot;,
		ref = &quot;&quot;,
		P1 = &quot;&quot;,
		P2 = &quot;&quot;,
		P3 = &quot;&quot;,
		P4 = &quot;&quot;,
		P5 = &quot;&quot;
	}
};

function trim( str )
	if str == nil then
		return nil;
	end
	return str:match( &quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;);
end    

local function is_year (param)
	return param:match ('^%d%d%d%d?%l?$') or param:match ('^n%.d%.%l?$') or param:match ('^nd%l?$') or param:match ('^c%. %d%d%d%d?%l?$') or param:match ('^%d%d%d%d–%d%d%d%d%l?$');
end


function core( args )
	local result;

	if args.P5 ~= &quot;&quot; then
		if is_year (args.P5) then
			result = table.concat ({args.P1, ' et al. ', args.bracket_year_left, args.P5, args.bracket_year_right});
		else
			args.P5 = '';														-- when P5 not a year don't include in anchor
			result = table.concat ({args.P1, ' et al.'});						-- and don't render it
		end

	elseif args.P4 ~= &quot;&quot; then
		if is_year (args.P4) then
			result = table.concat ({args.P1, ', ', args.P2, ' &amp;amp; ', args.P3, ' ', args.bracket_year_left, args.P4, args.bracket_year_right});	-- three names and a year
		else
			result = table.concat ({args.P1, ' et al.'});						-- four names
		end

	elseif args.P3 ~= &quot;&quot; then
		if is_year (args.P3) then
			result = table.concat ({args.P1, ' &amp;amp; ', args.P2, ' ', args.bracket_year_left, args.P3, args.bracket_year_right});	-- two names and a year
		else
			result = table.concat ({args.P1, ', ', args.P2, ' ', ' &amp;amp; ', args.P3});	-- three names
		end
			
	elseif args.P2 ~= &quot;&quot; then
		if is_year (args.P2) then
			result = table.concat ({args.P1, ' ', args.bracket_year_left, args.P2, args.bracket_year_right});	-- one name and year
		else
			result = table.concat ({args.P1, ' &amp;amp; ', args.P2});				-- two names
		end
		
	else
		result = args.P1;														-- one name
	end

	if ('.' == result:sub(-1)) and ('' == args.page) and ('' == args.pages) and ('' == args.location) then
		args.postscript = '';		-- prevent double periods when date is 'n.d.'
	end
	
	if args.ref ~= 'none' then
		if args.ref ~= &quot;&quot; then
			result = &quot;[[#&quot; .. mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.ref) .. &quot;|&quot; .. result .. &quot;]]&quot;;
		else
			result = &quot;[[#CITEREF&quot; .. mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.P1 .. args.P2 .. args.P3 .. args.P4 .. args.P5) .. &quot;|&quot; .. result .. &quot;]]&quot;;
		end
	end

	if args.page ~= &quot;&quot; then
		result = result .. args.page_sep .. args.page;
	elseif args.pages ~= &quot;&quot; then
		result = result .. args.pages_sep .. args.pages;
	end      

	if args.location ~= &quot;&quot; then
		result = result .. &quot;, &quot; .. args.location;
	end

	result = args.bracket_left .. result .. args.bracket_right .. args.postscript;
	return result;
end

function f.harvard_core( frame )
	local args = {};
	local pframe = frame:getParent();

	args.bracket_left = pframe.args.BracketLeft or &quot;&quot;;
	args.bracket_right = pframe.args.BracketRight or &quot;&quot;;
	args.bracket_year_left = pframe.args.BracketYearLeft or &quot;&quot;;
	args.bracket_year_right = pframe.args.BracketYearRight or &quot;&quot;;
	args.postscript = pframe.args.Postscript or &quot;&quot;;
	if 'none' == args.postscript then
		args.postscript = '';
	end

	args.page = pframe.args.Page or &quot;&quot;;
	args.pages = pframe.args.Pages or &quot;&quot;;
	args.location = pframe.args.Location or &quot;&quot;;
	args.page_sep = pframe.args.PageSep or &quot;&quot;;
	args.pages_sep = pframe.args.PagesSep or &quot;&quot;;
	args.ref = pframe.args.REF or &quot;{{{REF}}}&quot;;
	args.P1 = trim( pframe.args.P1 ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P2 = trim( pframe.args.P2 ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P3 = trim( pframe.args.P3 ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P4 = trim( pframe.args.P4 ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P5 = trim( pframe.args.P5 ) or &quot;&quot;;

	return core( args );
end

function f.harvard_citation( frame )
	local args = f.args_default;
	pframe = frame:getParent();

	args.bracket_left = &quot;(&quot;;
	args.bracket_right = &quot;)&quot;;
	args.page = pframe.args.p or pframe.args.page or &quot;&quot;;
	args.pages = pframe.args.pp or pframe.args.pages or &quot;&quot;;
	args.location = pframe.args.loc or &quot;&quot;;
	args.ref = pframe.args.ref or pframe.args.Ref or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P1 = trim( pframe.args[1] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P2 = trim( pframe.args[2] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P3 = trim( pframe.args[3] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P4 = trim( pframe.args[4] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P5 = trim( pframe.args[5] ) or &quot;&quot;;

	return core( args );
end

function f.harvard_citation_no_bracket( frame )
	local args = f.args_default;
	pframe = frame:getParent();

	args.page = pframe.args.p or pframe.args.page or &quot;&quot;;
	args.pages = pframe.args.pp or pframe.args.pages or &quot;&quot;;
	args.location = pframe.args.loc or &quot;&quot;;
	args.ref = pframe.args.ref or pframe.args.Ref or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P1 = trim( pframe.args[1] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P2 = trim( pframe.args[2] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P3 = trim( pframe.args[3] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P4 = trim( pframe.args[4] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P5 = trim( pframe.args[5] ) or &quot;&quot;;

	return core( args );
end

function f.sfn( frame )
	local args = f.args_default;
	for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do											-- for {{sfnp}}, override default with values provided in the #invoke:
		args[k] = v;	   
	end
	
	pframe = frame:getParent();

	args.postscript = pframe.args.postscript or pframe.args.ps or &quot;.&quot;;
	if 'none' == args.postscript then
		args.postscript = '';
	end
	args.page = pframe.args.p or pframe.args.page or &quot;&quot;;
	args.pages = pframe.args.pp or pframe.args.pages or &quot;&quot;;
	args.location = pframe.args.loc or &quot;&quot;;
	args.ref = pframe.args.ref or pframe.args.Ref or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P1 = trim( pframe.args[1] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P2 = trim( pframe.args[2] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P3 = trim( pframe.args[3] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P4 = trim( pframe.args[4] ) or &quot;&quot;;
	args.P5 = trim( pframe.args[5] ) or &quot;&quot;;

	local result = core( args );
	local name = &quot;FOOTNOTE&quot; .. args.P1 .. args.P2 .. 
	args.P3 .. args.P4 .. args.P5 .. args.page .. args.pages .. args.location;

	result = frame:extensionTag{ name = &quot;ref&quot;, args = {name=name}, content=result };

	return result;
end

return f;</text>
      <sha1>nuapsj7w21sgzxwemfxq4la2bnouwnf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Munyama</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30516</id>
      <timestamp>2017-10-02T12:37:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Muvala wo Basa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4938</id>
    <redirect title="Basa" />
    <revision>
      <id>34088</id>
      <parentid>33855</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-04T15:43:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>34088</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18" sha1="rspu0kg83w6619bafenk8ylle3o5der" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Basa]]</text>
      <sha1>rspu0kg83w6619bafenk8ylle3o5der</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Rivoningo</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30525</id>
      <timestamp>2017-10-02T13:13:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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  <page>
    <title>Minthlaveko</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3</comment>
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      <text bytes="5860" sha1="ddyykdcsr70jr0vsv9nycmw8n4zwyxd" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sixteen_faces_expressing_the_human_passions._Wellcome_L0068375_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Swikandza swo hambana hambana swa minthlaveko ya vumunhu - hi J. Pass, 1821, endzhaku ka Charles Le Brun]]

'''Minthlaveko''' i ntokoto wun'wana na wun'wana &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Panksepp|first1=Jaak|title=Affective neuroscience : the foundations of human and animal emotions|date=2005|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=Oxford [u.a.]|isbn=0-19-509673-8|pages=9|edition=[Reprint]|quote=Our emotional feelings reflect our ability to subjectively experience certain states of the nervous system. Although conscious feeling states are universally accepted as major distinguishing characteristics of human emotions, in animal research the issue of whether other organisms feel emotions is little more than a conceptual embarrassment}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Damasio|first1=AR|title=Emotion in the perspective of an integrated nervous system.|journal=Brain research. Brain research reviews|date=May 1998|volume=26|issue=2-3|pages=83-6|pmid=9651488}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Davidson|first1=edited by Paul Ekman, Richard J.|title=The Nature of emotion : fundamental questions|date=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0195089448|pages=291–93|quote=Emotional processing, but not emotions, can occur unconsciously.}}CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list ([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Extra_text:_authors_list link])
[[Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list]]&lt;/ref&gt; wa vumunhu lowu fambisanaka na matirhele lama tlakukeke ya miehleketo wuthlela wu fambelana na ntsako kumbe gome.&lt;ref&gt;Cabanac, Michel (2002). &quot;What is emotion?&quot; ''Behavioural Processes'' 60(2): 69-83. &quot;[E]motion is any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content (pleasure/displeasure).&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Minhlahluvo yaSayensi, yahava ntwanano eka nhlamuselo ya minthlaveko ya munhu. Minthlaveko hakanyingi yi yelana na matitwele, matshamelo ya munhu, mboyamelo na swisusumeti swa vumunhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologytopics/a/theories-of-emotion.htm|title=Theories of Emotion|publisher=Psychology.about.com|date=13 September 2013|accessdate=11 November 2013|archive-date=17 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017213239/http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologytopics/a/theories-of-emotion.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka tidyondzo tin'wana, miehleketo yi hlohlotela ngopfu minthlaveko ya vumunhu. Vanhu lava va endlaka swilo hi kuya hi minthlaveko ya vona, vanga ha tikomba vangari ku ehleketeni, hambi swiritano m'ehleketo ya vona yi teka xiphemu eka swiboho swa vona. Hixikombiso, ku twisisa leswaku hi ngava hiri ekhombyeni ku hlanganisa na kutlakuka ka mintirho ya hina ya miri (Ku thlakuka ka kuba ka mbilu na ku hefemula, nyuku, na ku tiya ka misiha), iswilaveko leswi fambisanaka na ku chava. Tidyondzo tin'wana ti xungeta leswaku minthlaveko yinga pfuka handle ka miehleketo yo karhi.

Minthlaveko yi rharhanganile. Hikuya hi mindzavisiso yo xungeta, kuna matitwele yo karhi lawa mavangaka ku cinca ka mathsamele kumbe miehleketo leyi yithelaka yi hlohlotela mahanyele ya hina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schacter&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Scirst=Daniel L.|title=Psychology Second Edition|year=2011|publisher=Worth Publishers|location=41 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010|isbn=978-1-4292-3719-2|page=310}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tidyondzo ta minthlaveko to yelanisa minthlaveko na switwi swa miri leswi swi kotaka kutwa kuya hi minthlaveko leyi hinga eka yona. Minhtlaveko yi thlela yi fambelana na mahanyelo na mintolovelo ku ya hi munhu na munhu. Vanhu lava pfumalaka tingana vakota ku phofula minthlaveko ya vona hi ku olova, kasi vanhu lavangana tingana va tala ku tumbeta minthlaveko ya vona eka vanhu kulori. Hakanyingi minthlaveko yi hlohlotela no susumeta munhu, kungava nsusumeto wo biha kumbe lowunene.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gaulin 6&quot;&gt;Gaulin, Steven J. C. and Donald H. McBurney. Evolutionary Psychology. Prentice Hall. 2003. {{ISBN|978-0-13-111529-3}}, Chapter 6, p 121-142.&lt;/ref&gt; Hikuya hi mavonele man'wana, minthlaveko ayi vangi mahanyelo kumbe swiboho swokarhi eka munhu, kambe yova swikombiso ntsena swa vumunhu, leswi hlanganisaka nsusumeto, matitwele, matikhomele, na tindlela tin'wana to ehleketa, kambe hinkwaswo leswi a swi endli minthlaveko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barrett &amp; Russell&quot;&gt;Barrett, L.F. and Russell, J.A. The psychological construction of emotion. Guilford Press. 2015. {{ISBN|978-1462516971}}.&lt;/ref&gt;


Eka malembe ya khume mbirhi lama hundzeke, kuvonakele ku engeteleka ka mindzavisiso eka minthlaveko ya vumunhu, leyi ndlandlvuxeke vutivi eka tidyondzo ta mahanyele ya [[vanhu]], matirhele ya byongo, Vutshunguri, Matimu na Sayensi ya tikhompuyuta. Tidyondzo leti ti ringeta ku hlamusela masungulo, matirhele na muxaka wa minthlaveko. Tindyondzo ta manguva lawa ti lavisisa matirhele ya minthlaveko naswona ti hlanganisa na ku tumbuluxa minchumu leyi nga tirhisiwaka ku vangela minthlaveko. Ku engetela kwalano ku tirhisiwa ka ti PET scans na ti fMRI scans swipfuna ku lavisisa matirhele ya yi byongo kuya hi minthlaveko.&lt;ref&gt;Cacioppo, J.T &amp; Gardner, W.L (1999).  Emotion.  &quot;Annual Review of Psychology&quot;, 191.&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;Minthlaveko yinga ha hlamuseriwa tani hi ntokoto lowu nene kumbe lowo biha lowu yelanaka na mintirho yokarhi ya mi ehleketo.&quot; Minthlaveko yi vangela kucinca eka mahanyelo na maendlele ya swilo eka munhu. Ntirho wa minthlaveko ekusunguleni akuri ku hlohlotela kumbe ku susumeta munhu ku hanya no endla swilo hindlela yo karhi leswaku a sirheleleka. Minhtlaveko yi vangiwa hi ku cinca ko karhi kalendzeni kumbe kale handle ka switwi swa miri.&lt;ref&gt;Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., Wegner, D. M., &amp; Hood, B. M. (2011). Psychology (European ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minthsaho ==

{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Minthlaveko]]
[[Category:Matitwele]]
[[Category:Vumunhu]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if:1|{{{x|{{{1|}}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;  {{Documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
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    <title>Module:Check isxn</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This template is a copy of the ISXN validation code from [[Module:Citation/CS1]] -- which allows for validating ISBN, ISMN, and ISSN without invoking a citation template  l...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5972" sha1="m39a8k5gmtbg6x3k2f7rizj3jk5on20" xml:space="preserve">-- This template is a copy of the ISXN validation code from [[Module:Citation/CS1]]
-- which allows for validating ISBN, ISMN, and ISSN without invoking a citation template

local p = {}

--[[--------------------------&lt; IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all isbn/issn digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in check_isbn().
If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, issbn/issn must be checked for length and stripped of dashes,
spaces and other non-isxn characters.

]]

local function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len)
	local temp = 0;
	isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) };	-- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9'  → 0x39, 'X' → 0x58
	len = len+1;							-- adjust to be a loop counter
	for i, v in ipairs( isxn_str ) do		-- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum
		if v == string.byte( &quot;X&quot; ) then		-- if checkdigit is X (compares the byte value of 'X' which is 0x58)
			temp = temp + 10*( len - i );	-- it represents 10 decimal
		else
			temp = temp + tonumber( string.char(v) )*(len-i);
		end
	end
	return temp % 11 == 0;					-- returns true if calculation result is zero
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N  _ 1 3 &gt;----------------------------------------------

ISBN-13 and ISMN validator code calculates checksum across all 13 isbn/ismn digits including the check digit.
If the number is valid, the result will be 0. Before calling this function, isbn-13/ismn must be checked for length
and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-isxn-13 characters.

]]

local function is_valid_isxn_13 (isxn_str)
	local temp=0;
	
	isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, 13) };										-- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9'  → 0x39
	for i, v in ipairs( isxn_str ) do
		temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber( string.char(v) );				-- multiply odd index digits by 1, even index digits by 3 and sum; includes check digit
	end
	return temp % 10 == 0;														-- sum modulo 10 is zero when isbn-13/ismn is correct
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ I S B N &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether an ISBN string is valid

]]

local function check_isbn( isbn_str, error_string )
	if nil ~= isbn_str:match(&quot;[^%s-0-9X]&quot;) then -- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X
		return error_string;
	end
	isbn_str = isbn_str:gsub( &quot;-&quot;, &quot;&quot; ):gsub( &quot; &quot;, &quot;&quot; );	-- remove hyphens and spaces
	local len = isbn_str:len();
 
	if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then
		return error_string;
	end

	if len == 10 then
		if isbn_str:match( &quot;^%d*X?$&quot; ) == nil then 
			return error_string; 
		end
		return is_valid_isxn(isbn_str, 10) and '' or error_string;
	else
		local temp = 0;
		if isbn_str:match( &quot;^97[89]%d*$&quot; ) == nil then -- isbn13 begins with 978 or 979; ismn begins with 979
			return error_string; 
		end
		return is_valid_isxn_13 (isbn_str) and '' or error_string;
	end
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ I S M N &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether an ISMN string is valid.  Similar to isbn-13, ismn is 13 digits begining 979-0-... and uses the
same check digit calculations.  See http://www.ismn-international.org/download/Web_ISMN_Users_Manual_2008-6.pdf
section 2, pages 9–12.

]]

local function check_ismn (id, error_string)
	local text;
	local valid_ismn = true;

	id=id:gsub( &quot;[%s-–]&quot;, &quot;&quot; );													-- strip spaces, hyphens, and endashes from the ismn

	if 13 ~= id:len() or id:match( &quot;^9790%d*$&quot; ) == nil then					-- ismn must be 13 digits and begin 9790
		valid_ismn = false;
	else
		valid_ismn=is_valid_isxn_13 (id);										-- validate ismn
	end

	return valid_ismn and '' or error_string
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; I S S N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format an issn.  This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but has separated the two groups of four
digits with a space.  When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked like this:

	|issn=0819 4327 gives: [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327]  -- can't have spaces in an external link
	
This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the issn midpoint.  It also validates the issn for length and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees
with the calculated value.  Incorrect length (8 digits), characters other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check issn
error message.

]]

local function check_issn(id, error_string)
	local issn_copy = id;		-- save a copy of unadulterated issn; use this version for display if issn does not validate
	local text;
	local valid_issn = true;

	if not id:match ('^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%d[%dX]$') then
		return error_string;
	end
	
	id=id:gsub( &quot;[%s-–]&quot;, &quot;&quot; );									-- strip spaces, hyphens, and endashes from the issn

	if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match( &quot;^%d*X?$&quot; ) then		-- validate the issn: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position
		valid_issn=false;										-- wrong length or improper character
	else
		valid_issn=is_valid_isxn(id, 8);						-- validate issn
	end

	return valid_issn and '' or error_string
end


------------------------------&lt; E N T R Y   P O I N T S &gt;--------------------------------------------------====

function p.check_isbn(frame)
	return check_isbn(frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1], frame.args['error'] or frame:getParent().args['error'] or 'error')
end

function p.check_ismn(frame)
	return check_ismn(frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1], frame.args['error'] or frame:getParent().args['error'] or 'error')
end

function p.check_issn(frame)
	return check_issn(frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1], frame.args['error'] or frame:getParent().args['error'] or 'error')
end

return p</text>
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    <title>Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Vukarhi</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.4</comment>
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      <text bytes="5121" sha1="6juixbwj4490zzz9gzumlnf7z8et73s" xml:space="preserve">[[File:A_frontal_outline_and_a_profile_of_faces_expressing_anger._E_Wellcome_V0009398.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Xifaniso xa swikandza swa vukarhi.]]
'''Vukarhi''' kumbe  '''kukariha''' i nthlaveko lowu ngana matimba eka munhu. I [[Minthlaveko|nthlaveko]] lowu nga tsakisiki naswona wu  hlanganisa kuhlamula siringiwa, kuvaviseka kumbe ku xungetiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing|edition=3rd|last=Videbeck|first=Sheila L.|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|year=2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vukarhi byi nga vangiwa hi loko munhu atitwa a ngheneriwe mindzelakano. Van'wana vahambeta ku hlamula vukarhi hi vukarhi tani hindlela yo tisirhelela. Raymond Novaco wale Univhesithi ya California Irvine, loyi a tsaleke hi vukarhi ku sukela hi 1975, u hambanise vukarhi hi swiyenge swinharhu: Vukarhi byo tshinya, Vukarhi bya matitwele, vukarhi byo ti hambanisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978148319968950002X|title=Advances in the Study of Aggression|last=Novaco|first=Raymond W.|date=|publisher=Academic Press|year=1986|isbn=9781483199689|editor-last=Blanchard|editor-first=Robert J.|volume=2|location=|pages=1–67|chapter=Anger as a Clinical and Social Problem|doi=10.1016/b978-1-4831-9968-9.50002-x|oclc=899004162|quote=|editor-last2=Blanchard|editor-first2=D. Caroline|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; William DeFoore, loyi a tsaleke hi ku kongomisa no hunguta vukarhi, u hlamusele vukarhi tani hi mukapa lowu phyaphyarhaka: hinga khoma vukarhi bya hina kufikela nkarhi wokarhi laha byi bulukaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Anger : Deal with It, Heal with It, Stop It from Killing You|edition=1st|last=DeFoore|first=William|publisher=Health Communications, Inc.|year=1991}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vukarhi i nthlaveko lowu khumbaka miri. Munhu loyi a kariheke uthlela ava na kuba ka mbilu loku tlakukeke, ku tlakuka ka ndzendzeleko wa ngati, na kutlakuka ka adrenaline na noradrenaline.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|encyclopedia=Medicine.net|title=Anger definition|url=http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=33843|accessdate=2008-04-05|edition=|publisher=|volume=|location=|id=|doi=|pages=|quote=|archive-date=2014-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123014235/http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=33843|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Van'wana va vona vukarhi tani hi nthlaveko lowu pfuxaka ku hlamula ka miehleketo ka kulwa kumbe ku tsutsuma.&lt;ref&gt;Harris, W., Schoenfeld, C. D., Gwynne, P. W., Weissler, A. M.,''Circulatory and humoral responses to fear and anger'', The Physiologist, 1964, 7, 155.&lt;/ref&gt; Vukarhi byi thlela byi tirhisiwa ku tumbeta ku chava, kutwisiwa kuvava kumbe ku tsemeka nhlana. Vukarhi i nthlaveko lowu tarhisiwaka hakanyingi ku loko munhu a teka goza ro sivela nxungeto wa khombo lwu vangiwaka hi munhu kumbe swilo swin'wana.&lt;ref&gt;Raymond DiGiuseppe, Raymond Chip Tafrate, ''Understanding Anger Disorders'', Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 133–159.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Xikombiso xa vukarhi xivoneka exikandzeni, maendlele ya miri, kasi minkarhi yin'wana hi maendlelo yo chavisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;OxfDic&quot;&gt;Michael Kent, ''Anger'', The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science &amp; Medicine, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-262845-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swiharhi swin'wana, hixikombiso, swi ba huwa, swiringeta ku ti kukumuxa, swi kombisa meno, kumbe ku xondzolota. Swiendlo leswi fambelanaka na vukarhi swi endla ku tsundzuxa vaxungeti leswaku va tshika swi endlo leswi xungetaka. Aswitalangi ku kuma nyimpi a xikarhi ka vanhu kumbe swiharhi swi mbirhi, ku nga sungulanga hi ku komba vukarhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Primate&quot;&gt;Primate Ethology, 1967, Desmond Morris (Ed.). Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson Publishers: London, p.55&lt;/ref&gt; Hambileswi vanhu votala lava kombeke vukarhi hikwalaho ka leswi &quot;endliweke eka vona&quot;, va n'wa mihleketo va komba leswaku munhu loyi akariheke angaha endla swihoxo hikwalaho ka leswi vukarhi byi hungutaka matimba ya ku ti hlahluva.&lt;ref name=&quot;EncPsy&quot;&gt;Raymond W. Novaco, ''Anger'', Encyclopedia of Psychology, [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press], 2000&lt;/ref&gt;

Van'wa mihleketo va vona vukarhi tani hi nthlaveko lowu twalaka naswona lowu twiwaka hi vanhu hinkwavo hi minkarhi yo hambana hambana, naswona wuri wa nkoka ku tisirhelela. Vukarhi byi pfuneta ku komba munhu un'wana leswaku kuna xihoxo lexi lavaka ku lulamisiwa. Vukarhi byi pfuna ku teka magoza yo ololoxa swihoxo. Vukarhi lebyi pfumalaka nkongomiso, byi nga khumba munhu kumbe hanyelo rakwe hindlela yobiha&lt;ref name=&quot;Ethics&quot;&gt;John W. Fiero, ''Anger'', Ethics, Revised Edition, Vol 1&lt;/ref&gt; naswona byi khumba na vanhu van'wana. A swi olovi ku va ekusuhi na munhu loyi a kariheke naswona swi nga vangela madzolonga loko byi nga lawuriwi. Hambileswi va filisofa na vatsari votala va tsundzuxeke mayelana na vukarhi lebyi nga kongomisiwiku byi nga vanga madzolonga, kambe vathlela va komba nkoka wa vukarhi. Ku kongomisa no lawula vukarhi imhaka leyi vafilosofa na vatsari vakhale va tsaleke hayona, hambi swiritano van'wa Miehleketo va komba switandzhaku leswi  biheke swa ku khoma vukarhi endzeni.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Minthlaveko]]
[[Category:Matitwele]]</text>
      <sha1>6juixbwj4490zzz9gzumlnf7z8et73s</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ku chava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4952</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30556</id>
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      <timestamp>2017-10-04T13:37:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mintshaho */</comment>
      <origin>30556</origin>
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      <text bytes="1773" sha1="afeakbj551it86muyc0yy5uaxg4hcj0" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2003-0703-500,_Rückführung_deutscher_Kinder_aus_Polen.jpg|thumb|Vana lava chuheke vafika e Vupela bya Jemeni kusuka e Pholendi, endzhaku ka kuphanga tiko ka ma Nazi na Ma Rhaxiya hi lembe ra 1948.]]
'''Ku Chava''' i matitwele lama vangiwaka hi ku vona khombo ro karhi kumbe ku xungetiwa eka swivumbiwa, naswona swi vangela ku cinca emirini na matikhomele, kufana na ku baleka, ku titumbeta ku oma hikwalaho ka ku chavisiwa. Kuchava eka vanhu kunga vangiwa hileswi endlekaka sweswi kumbe ku langutela nxungeto wa nxupulo lowu ngavangaka khombo e mirini kumbe eka vutomi. 

Eka vanhu na swiharhi, ku chava ku antswisiwa hi ku toloveta no dyondza. Hiswona leswi endlaka leswaku ku chava kunga nthlaveko lowu twisisekaka.

Van'wa Mihleketo vo fana na John B. Watson, Robert Plutchik, na Paul Ekman va hlamusela leswaku kuna minthlaveko yo karhi leyi hambanisekaka, naswona ku chava i yin'wana ya yona. Minthlaveko leyi yi hlanganisa [[gome]], [[vukarhi]], [[ku chuha]], [[ntsako]], na ku [[vaviseka]]. Ku chava ku fambisana kambe ku thlela ku hambana na Gome, hi kuya hi ku xungetiwa hi dzolonga leri nag papaletekiki.&lt;ref&gt;Öhman, A. (2000). &quot;Fear and anxiety: Evolutionary, cognitive, and clinical perspectives&quot;. In M. Lewis &amp; J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.). ''Handbook of emotions''. pp. 573–593. New York: The Guilford Press.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku chava ku vangela leswaku munhu kumbe xiharhi xikota ku tisirhelela.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olsson&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Olsson|first1=A.|last2=Phelps|first2=E. A.|doi=10.1038/nn1968|title=Social learning of fear|journal=Nature Neuroscience|volume=10|issue=9|pages=1095–1102|year=2007|pmid=17726475|pmc=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Minthlaveko]]
[[Category:Matitwele]]
[[Category:Vumunhu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rirhandzu</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>nga lavekiki</comment>
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      <text bytes="2891" sha1="s6pks8pe2snckqv3e64rhm4vscwl8iy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Heart icon red hollow.svg|thumb|Mfungo wa nthlaveko wa rirhandzu]]
[[File:1873_Pierre_Auguste_Cot_-_Spring.jpg|thumb|Pierre Auguste Cot (1873)]]

'''Rirhandzu''' i nxaxamelo wa [[minthlaveko]] na xiyimo xa miehleketo, leyi hakanyingi yinga na matimba, kusukela eka vunakulori lebyi enteke kufikela eka ntsako lowu tolovelekeke. Xikombiso xa nxaxamelo wa minthlaveko ya rirhandzu hileswaku rirhandzu ra manana rahambana eka rirhandzu exikarhi ka mpatswa rithlela rihambana na rirhandzu ra swakudya. Hiku olova, rirhandzu i nthlaveko wa nkokelo wa matitwele ya matimba na ku twanana exikarhi ka vanhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;oxford&quot;&gt;''Oxford Illustrated American Dictionary'' (1998) + ''Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary'' (2000)&lt;/ref&gt; Rirhandzu ringa thlela riva mfanelo ya vumunhu leyi yimelaka vunene, ntwela-vusiwana, na ntwanano - &quot;Kutshembeka na kunavelela un'wana leswinene&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/love|title=Love - Definition of love by Merriam-Webster|work=merriam-webster.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ringathlela ri hlamusela kutwela na kutsakela vanhu van'wana, munhu hixiyexe kumbe swiharhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fromm, Erich 1956&quot;&gt;Fromm, Erich; ''The Art of Loving'', Harper Perennial (1956), Original English Version, {{ISBN|978-0-06-095828-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vafilosofa va Vagriki vakhale vahlamusele minxaka ya mune ya rirhandzu: Rirhandzu ra munti (''storge'' hi xigriki), Rirhandzu ra vunghana(''philia hi xigriki)'', Rirhandzu ra rimbewu (''eros''), rirhandzu ra vukwembu (''agape''). Vatsari va manguva lawa vathlela va hlamisela yin'wana mixaka ya rirhandzu: Rirhandzu ra kunavela, Kutirhandza, rirhandzu ro xixima.&lt;ref&gt;[[Liddell and Scott]]: [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dfili%2Fa φιλία]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gita&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last= Mascaró |first=Juan |title=The Bhagavad Gita |publisher=Penguin|series=Penguin Classics |year=2003 |isbn=0-14-044918-3}} (J. Mascaró, translator)&lt;/ref&gt; Rirhandzu rithlela riva na tinhlamuselo ta vukhongeri na vumoya. Matirhisele lawa yotala ma komba kunonoha ka ku hlamusela nthlaveko wa rirhandzu kuhambana na minthlaveko yin'wana.

Rirhandzu hikuya hi mixaka ya rona ri pfuna ku aka vuxaka exikarhi ka vanhu, naswona ritlanga xiphemu lexi kulu eka swa [[vutshila]] na vupfapfarhuti.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Article On Love|url=http://www.slideshare.net/azharabbas/just-love|accessdate=13 September 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530043739/http://www.slideshare.net/azharabbas/just-love|archivedate=30 May 2012|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rirhandzu ringa twisiseka tanihi nchumu lowu khomanisaka vanhu naswona wu pfuna ku yisa mahlweni nhlayo ya vona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fisher&quot;&gt;Helen Fisher. ''Why We Love: the nature and chemistry of romantic love''. 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Minthlaveko]]
[[Category:Matitwele]]
[[Category:Vumunhu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ntsako</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Dušan Kreheľ</username>
        <id>8204</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[:m:User:Dušan Kreheľ/Bot:Merging identical references by the bot|Merging identical references by the bot]] (new reference: 1, new reference call: 1)</comment>
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      <text bytes="1991" sha1="ad6az5sdnn1g2txsgiv80qxs6j5giae" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Very happy Tibetan Buddhist Monk.jpg|thumb|upright|Mukhongore wa vuBudha uti komba a tsakile]]

Eka tidyondzo ta filosofi, '''ntsako''' i vuhundzuluxeri bya rito ra xigriki ra xiyimo xa ''eudaimonia'', naswona ri hlamusela vutomi lebyi nene, ku humelela, kungari minthlaveko ntsena.

Eka tidyondzo ta miehleketo, ntsako i xiyimo xa miehleketo kumbe minthlaveko ya rihanyo lerinene leri hlamuselaka, minthlaveko leyinene na ku enetiseka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230318115020&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=happiness&amp;a=*C.happiness-_*Word-|title=happiness|publisher=Wolfram Alpha}}&lt;/ref&gt; Miehleketo leyi tsakisaka yi endla munhu a teki swiboho leswinene.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Anand|first1=P|title=Happiness Explained|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kusukela hi lembe ra 1960, mindzavisiso eka xivumbeko xa ntsako yi endliwile eka tindzawulo to hambana hambana ta sayensi.

== Nhlamuselo ==
Ntsako i xiyimo lexi yelanaka na matshamelo ya ku eneteka, rihanyo lerinene na kurhula mbilu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Graham|first1=Michael C.|title=Facts of Life: ten issues of contentment|date=2014|publisher=Outskirts Press|isbn=978-1-4787-2259-5|pages=6–10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka tidyondzo to filosofi na vukhongeri bya le vupela dyambu, ntsako wunga hlamuseriwa kuri kuhanya vutomi lebyinene, kungari nthlaveko ntsena.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=McMahon |first1=Darrin M. |title=From the happiness of virtue to the virtue of happiness: 400 B.C. – A.D. 1780 |journal=Daedalus |volume=133 |issue=2 |year=2004 |pages=5–17 |jstor=20027908 |doi=10.1162/001152604323049343 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kusukela ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu 20, kuhlakarhela ka vumunhu swi koke ku lavisisa eka tidyondzo ta miehleketo, ngopfu ngopfu eka mintirho ya Martin Seligman, Ed Diener na Ruut Veenhoven, kuhlanganisa na ndzavisiso wa Paul Anand.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230318115020&quot;/&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Minthlaveko]]
[[Category:Matitwele]]
[[Category:Vumunhu]]</text>
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    <title>Ndyangu</title>
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      <text bytes="2014" sha1="1vu75euodas19cuysrm0t2q09b5qsqn" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Galla_Placidia_(rechts)_und_ihre_Kinder.jpg|thumb|Mendhlele ya nsuku leyi kombaka xifaniso xa ndyangu, kusuka e Aleksandiya ya Gibhita eka lembe xidzana ra vunharhu na vumune (Brescia, Musiyamu ya  Santa Giulia)&lt;ref&gt;Jás Elsner (2007). &quot;The Changing Nature of Roman Art and the Art Historical Problem of Style,&quot; in Eva R. Hoffman (ed), ''Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Medieval World'', 11-18. Oxford, Malden &amp; Carlton: Blackwell Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-2071-5}}, p. 17, Figure 1.3 on p. 18.&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Hi kuya hi nhlangano wa vanhu, '''ndyangu''' i ntlawa wa vanhu lava vangana vuxaka bya ngati (kutswariwa emutini wun'we), vuxaka bya vukati, kumbe vuxaka hi ku tshama swin'we.&lt;ref&gt;[...] from Latin ''familia'' 'family servants, domestics collectively, the servants in a household,' thus also 'members of a household, the estate, property; the household, including relatives and servants,' abstract noun formed from ''famulus'' 'servant, slave [...]'
. {{OEtymD|family|accessdate=2015-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Swirho swa ndyangu swihlanganisa vatekani, vatswari, vamakwavo vaxisati kumbe vaxinuna, vana vava fana kumbe vavanhwana. Swirho leswi engetelekeke swa ndyangu swinga hlanganisa vakokwana, vahahani na va mhani-hulu, vamalume, vazala, na vakon'wana.

Eka mindhzavuko yo tala ya nhlangano wa vanhu, ndyangu hiyona ndzhawu leyi kurisaka no dyondzisa vana. Miti yo tala yina swirho swo hambana hambana hikuya hi tiko na ndzhavuko wa rona, hixikombiso ndyangu wunga ha akiwa hi manana na vana vakwe, kumbe vatswari vambirhi na vana, kumbe kokwana na vana. Vuxaka bya rimbewu eka swirho swandyangu rilawurina naku yirisiwa hikuya hi mindzhavuko ya vona.

Rito &quot;ndyangu&quot; ringa tirhisiwa kuyimela muganga wa vanhu, vutiko, na ntwanano wa vanhu va misava.

Kuna tidyondzo ta ntila wa maxaka ya muti kumbe ndyangu, leti ringetaka ku hlayisa mavito na vuxaka bya vanhu hikuya hi swivongo swa ndyangu na matimu.

== Mintshaho ==

{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Vumunhu]]
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    <title>Munhu lonkulu</title>
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      <text bytes="1921" sha1="p2j3qypwnkorfkny1oguzee1sm78e0a" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RudolfMilly.jpg|right|thumb|270px|Ntlawa wa vanhu lava kuleke.]]

Hikuya hi tidyondzo-vutomi, '''munhu lonkulu'''  i munhu loyi a kuleke kuringana leswaku a hlanganela vuxaka bya rimbewu. Hiku engeta, munhu lonkulu swihlamusela ku teka vutihlamuleri eka timhaka ta vumunhu na nawu. Hikuhambana na &quot;[[n'wana]]&quot;, '''munhu loyi a kuleke hi kuya hi nawu''' i munhu loyi a fikeleleke malembe ya vukulu naswona uvoniwa a byarha [[vutihlamuleri]] byo tihanyisa no tihlayisa.&lt;ref&gt;''International Dictionary of Medicine and Biology'' (1986)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Churchill's Medical Dictionary'' (1989)&lt;/ref&gt;

Vukulu bya vumunhu byi hlanganisa na ku vupfa emiehleketweni. nhlamuselo ya vukulu ya hambana hambana hikuya hi ndzhawu, munhu angava a kurile hi miri, naswona a tikhoma tanihi munhu lonkulu kambe a voniwa ari lontsongo hikwalaho ka malembe yakwe.Hiku hambana, munhu angava lonkulu hi malembe kambe a pfumala kuvupfa na vutihlamuleri bya vanhu lavakulu.

Eka mindzhavuko yohambana hambana leyi tlangelaka ku suka evutsongwaneni a nghena eka vukulu kufana na vukhomba kumbe nghoma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | first = Robin| last = Maranz Henig| title = What Is It About 20-Somethings? | date = 2010-08-18| publisher = New York Times| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/magazine/22Adulthood-t.html?pagewanted=3&amp;_r=1 | pages = 10 | accessdate = 2010-09-24 | quote = THE DISCOVERY OF adolescence is generally dated to 1904, with the publication of the massive study &quot;Adolescence,&quot; by G. Stanley Hall, a prominent [[psychologist]] and first president of the American Psychological Association.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Leswi swi fambelana na ku eneta swilaveko na swihlahluvo leswi vekiweke leswaku munhu a komba ku lulamela vukulu. Mindzhavuko na nhlangano ya vanhu ya masiku lawa ya funga vukulu hi kufikelela malembe yokarhi handle ka ku nghenela swihlahluvo swo karhi.

== Mintshaho ==
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[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Vumunhu]]</text>
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    <title>N'wana</title>
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      <text bytes="4163" sha1="fjufhoxapbd4f1o2uxvt2ddkwvu4its" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Children_games_Louvre_Ma99_n2.jpg|thumb|Vana vatlanga timavulu, mpfapfarhuto wa Rhoma, malembe xidzana ya vumbirhi]]
[[File:Group of Breaker boys. Smallest is Sam Belloma.jpg|thumb|Ntlawa wa vana va vatirhi eka nkomponi ya gezi, ePittston, Pennsylvania, hi 1911.]]

Hikuya hi tidyondzo ta ntivo-vutomi, '''n'wana''' i munhu loyi angana nkulu kuva ricece, kambe ari ntsongo eka ntangha ya kondlo andzidyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Child&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Child|publisher=[[TheFreeDictionary.com]]|accessdate=5 January 2013|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Child}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Child 2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Child|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|accessdate=5 January 2013|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/child|archive-date=21 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821064519/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/child|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlamuselo wa xinawu wa n'wana wu vula munhu loyi anga ehansi ka vutihlamuleri bya vatswari naswona ari ehansi ka malembe ya vukulu.

''Rito n'wana ringa thlela ri hlamusela vuxaka na mutswari'' (kufana na n'wana wa jaha kumbe wa ntombhi)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ssa.gov/dibplan/dacpage.shtml|title=For example, the US Social Security department specifically defines an adult child as being over 18|publisher=Ssa.gov|date=|accessdate=9 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; kumbe tani hi xikombiso, kumbe xirho xa ntlawa wokarhi, ringa thlela ri hlamusela mboyamela wokarhi tani hi n'wana wa khwati, kumbe n'wana wa malembe ya va 60.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=American Heritage Dictionary|url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/13/C0291300.html|publisher=|date=7 December 2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229155809/http://www.bartleby.com/61/13/C0291300.html|archivedate=29 December 2007|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuna timhaka to tala leti khumbaka vana, kufana na tidyondzo ta vana, kuxanisiwa hi tintangha, vusiwana, mindyangu leyi tshovekeke, kutirhisiwa ka vana, ndlala na kupfumala kaya. Vana vangaha kurisiwa hi vatswari, valanguteri, maxaka kumbe vakurisiwa hindzawulo ya mfumo.

== Tinhlamuselo tin'wana ==
Ntsombano wa timfanelo ta vana wa Nhlangano ya matiko wu hlamusela ''n'wana'' tanihi  &quot;munhu loyi anga hansi ka malembe ya 18 hivukulu ehansi ka nawu wa vana&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;un&quot;&gt;[http://www.hakani.org/en/convention/Convention_Rights_Child.pdf &quot;Convention on the Rights of the Child&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031104336/http://www.hakani.org/en/convention/Convention_Rights_Child.pdf|date=31 October 2010}} The Policy Press, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights&lt;/ref&gt;  Leswi swi amukeriwe hi matiko ya 192 eka matiko ya 194 ya nhlangano leyi.

Hikuya hi tidyondzo ta ntivo-vutomi, n'wana i munhu loyi anga exikarhi ka ricece na n'wana wa kondlo andzidyi. Eka mindzhavuko yotala, n'wana u hundzela eka vukulu endzaku ka kuhlahluviwa eka vukhomba/nghoma.

Vana hakanyingi vana timfanelo tinsongo kuringanisa na vnhu lavakulu naswona va voniwa vari hava vutihlamuleri byo teka magoza lamakulu, naswona hi kuya hi nawu va fanela kuva ehansi ka ku hlayisiwa hi munhu lonkulu, hambiloko vatswari va hambana. Kuhambanisa ka vun'wana eka vukulu ku sungule ku tekiwa hi xinawu eka malembe xidzana ya vu 16 na vu 17. Nhlangano wa vanhu wusungule ku vona n'wana kuri munhu loyi angasifikelelaka kuvupfa ka vukulu naswona a lava nsirhelelo wa munhu lonkulu, rirhandzu na kuhlayisiwa. Kuhambana loku ku vonakala eka mimpfapfarhuto na swifaniso swakhale laha vana avanga kombi vun'wana. Eka malembe-xidzana ya vu 16, swifaniso swa vana swisungule ku kombisa vun'wana, naswona hi malembe-xidzana lamalandzeleke, vana avakombiwa vatlanga hi swilo swotlanga naswona matsalwa yavana ya sungule ku kadziyisiwa hi manguva yalawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=.|url=http://www.elizabethi.org/contents/essays/childhood.htm|title=Essays on childhood|publisher=Elizabethi.org|date=|accessdate=9 October 2013|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106043712/http://www.elizabethi.org/contents/essays/childhood.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
[[Category:Vumunhu]]</text>
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    <title>Hosinkulu Gunyule</title>
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      <text bytes="1392" sha1="cjdx2xsxk6vo0m8bxtp3y2k9gc6cbl2" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Africa-bio-stub}}
----
'''Hosinkulu Gunyule''' i kokwani-nkulu wa Van'wanati na van'wani eka rixaka ra Vatsonga. Van'wanati hinkwavo i vantukulu va Hosinkulu Gunyule, loyi a ri hosi ya va Tonga na Vacopi va Nyembani (Inhambane). Gunyule u ve kona hi malembe ya vo 1500. Gunyule u velekile Malenga loyi a nga fuma tiko rale Xai Xai (Mozambique) hi minkarhi yale kusuhi ka 1560. Gunyule a ri yona Hosinkulu ya rixaka ra va Tonga na Vacopi va Nyembeni ku nga se sungula tinyimpi na vhutu ra tinxaka timbe.

===Vukosi bya Muti===
Hosinkulu Gunyule u tiveka ngopfu eka Van'wanati, na le tindzhawini ta le vudzonga bya Mozambique, tani hi leswi va n'wu tivaka a ri murhangeri wa xithopo xa mimiti leyi yi nga phatluka ku suka eka Vatonga va le Nyembani (ku katsa va Khambane, Vacopi, na Valenga).&lt;ref&gt;Van'wanati Clan (2015), “Van’wanati Newsletter”, no. 02, Retrieved on 29 October 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Vatsonga vo tala, kahle-kahle, va thopa ku fika eka vito ra Gunyule loko kuve va xi tiva kahle xithopo xa ka vona, swi nga ri na mhaka ku va tshama e Africa Dzonga, e Mozambique, kumbe e Zimbabwe. Eka vana (marhavi) lawa ya tivekaka ngopfu va sukaka eka Hosinkulu Gunyule, hi lava va landzelaka:

* Malenga;
* Makwakwa;
* Masangu;
* Mkhwanazi;     
* Mondlane;
* Mabota;
* Matola;
na van'wani...

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tihosi ta Vatsonga}}

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      <text bytes="5487" sha1="rcybus7xjb9qkazm557nus7u8bqf441" xml:space="preserve">{{ethnic group
| Rixaka = Vatsonga
|Xifaniso = [[File:Tsonga_languages_and_dialects.jpg|250px]]
|Matsalwa = Tindzhawo leti Vatsonga a va tshama eka tona na minkombiso ya tindzin'wana ta vona loko ku nga se va na tibhodara to avanyisa Afrika Dzonga, Swaziland, Mozambhiki na Zimbabwe.
|Ntsengo = 5,370,000 &lt;ref name=&quot;Joshua Project&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Tsonga joshuaproject.net|url=http://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15596|accessdate=11 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Matiko = [[Mozambique]] (3,100,000){{·}}[[Afrika-Dzonga]] (2,100,000){{·}}[[ESwatini]] (27,000){{·}}[[Zimbabwe]] (5,000)
|Tiphrovinci =
|Tindzimi =[[Xitsonga]], [[Portuguese]], [[English]]
|Vukhongeri = [[Ndzhavuko]], [[Vukreste]]
|Vuxaka = 
}}

'''Vatsonga''' i rixaka ra vanhu va swivongo swo hambana-hambana lava va kumekaka etikweni ra Afrika. Vatsonga va kumeka ngopfu e[[Afrika Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga,]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;hi laha rixaka ra Vatsonga ri nga hetelela ri tshama kona hi ku rhula tanihi rixaka leri ri tivekaka ri ri Vatsonga. Vatsonga i vanhu lava va vulavulaka ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]]. Mutsonga namuntlha wa swi kota ku hlawula ku dyondza ririmi ra Xitsonga exikolweni; ririmi ra manana ra yelana hambi kuri exikolweni kumbe mavulavulelo ya le kaya, kambe van'wani va tsakela ku antswisa vutivi hi ndlela ya vudyondzisi bya matimu ya Xitsonga ni ku ti antswisela hi ririmi ro hlantsweka.

== Ku Hluka ka Rixaka ==

Vatsonga lava va nga tala hi xidzi i Vatonga (Thonga), Varhonga (Ronga) na Vatswa (Tswa) lava a va vulavula ririmi leri ri tivekaka tani hi [[Xitonga]], [[Xirhonga]], na [[Xitswa]]. Vatsonga vo sungula ku ta tiveka hi vito ra Vatsonga kumbe Vatonga va fikile laha evuxa bya tiko-nkulu ra Africa etindzhawini to fana na va Zambia, [[Malawi]], Zimbabwe na Mozambique kwalomu ka va 500AD. Ku fikela kwalamo ka 1200 wa Vatonga na Vacopi se a va fume tiko ra le Vudzonga bya Mozambique, va hlota tindlopfu va tlhela va xavisa timhondzo na switirhisiwa swa risinda.&lt;ref&gt;Junod, Henry (1977), Matimu Ya Vatsonga: 1498-1650, Braamfontein: Sasavona Publishers.&lt;/ref&gt; Va akile kona eNyembani na le Xai-Xai, laha va nga tekana na Vatswa, Valozyi, Valambya na Vashona, kutani va fuma rixaka ra Vatsonga. 
Eka vatukulu va vona ku fikile laha va nga ntumbuluxa tinxaka to fana na va Nondwani na Mpfumo ku sukela kwalomu ka lembe ra 1350 lava a va tiveka va ri Varhonga tanihi leswi a va tshama eVudzonga-vuxa (Vurhonga) na kuva va katsa ririmi ra Xitonga na Xikalanga. Vatsonga va hlanganile na maputukezi hi lembe ra 1554 eDelagoa Bay, endzhaku ka loko maputukezi ya kongomise xikepe xa vona etikweni ra Vatsonga.&lt;ref&gt;De Mesquita Perestrelo, M (1564), ''Naufragio da Não São Bento'', Coimbra.&lt;/ref&gt; Perestrelo u tsarile hi minkarhi liya leswaku Vatsonga a va ri kona hi lembe ra 1554 etikweni ra le Mozambique laha a kuri na mimfumo ya swivongo swa va Tonga na va Rhonga.

[[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] u tsarile swo tala hi minkarhi ya khale ka rixaka ra Vatsonga ku suka kwalamu ka malembe ya 1600 ku fikela 1900. Hi minkarhi ya xikhale, Vatsonga a va tsakela ku ti tiva tanihi &quot;va Tonga&quot;, &quot;Vadzonga&quot;, kumbe &quot;va Rhonga&quot;, kambe hinkwaswo swi vula rixaka rin'we.&lt;ref&gt;Junod, Henri (1927), ''Life of a South African Tribe: The Social Life'', London: Macmillan &amp; Co.&lt;/ref&gt; Hi vutsalwa bya xi Nguni, &quot;Tonga&quot; yi tsariwa yi ri na &quot;h&quot; tanihi leswi eka ririmi ra Vanguni marito yo sungula hi &quot;T&quot; ya fanekele ku landzela hi &quot;h&quot; - hikokwalaho Vanguni va ri tsala tanihi &quot;Thonga&quot;, loko va vula Tonga. Vito leri ra Tonga i ra khale ngopfu, i ra khale ku tlula mintlawa ya swivoga na tinxaka to tala ta laha eAfrika Dzonga.

== Mimfumo Swivongo ==

[[Vanhu]] va rixaka ra Vatsonga va tele ngopfu, nkarhi wun'wana swi tsandza na lava va tsarisaka tinhlayo ta vanhu ku hlayela Vatsonga hi ku helela. Minkarhi yo tala tinhlayo leti ti paluxiwaka i ta Vatsonga va le Afrika Dzonga na le Mozambique ntsena. Eka Vatsonga ku na mimfumo ya swivongo swo tala, vo tala i vatukulu va Vatonga na Varhonga, van'wani i vatukulu va Vatswa, van'wani i vatukulu va Valozyi, van'wani i vatukulu va Vambayi kasi van'wani i vatukulu va Valambya.

Exikarhi ka Vatsonga ku na lava va nga nghena eVutsonga hi lembe ra 1820, va nga vatukulu va ka Ndwandwe, va ka Soshangane, kambe nkarhi wun'wana va ti hlaya va ri Vanguni se hikokwalaho nkarhi wun'wana swi nga tiveki leswaku va fanele ku hlayiwa eka rixaka ra Vatsonga kumbe eka rixaka ra Vanguni. Hi ku twisisa ka Vatsonga vo tala, vatukulu va Soshangane hi vona ntsena va nga ti vitanaka vaShangane, Machangana kumbe Amashangane. &lt;ref&gt;Mathebula, Mandla (2002), ''800 Years of Tsonga History: 1200-2000'', Burgersfort: Sasavona Publishers and Booksellers Pty Ltd.&lt;/ref&gt;

Vatsonga va kumeka etindzhawini to hambana-hambana eAfrika Dzonga. Va kumeka hi xitalo e[[Limpopo]], kambe na le Gauteng, Mpumalanga na Swaziland va kumeka. Mintlawa ya marhavi ya Vatsonga hi kuya hi matirhiselo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga na vuendli bya mintolovelo ya Xitsonga, ku hlayiwa vanhu lava phatlukaka eka swiyenge leswi landzelaka:

- VaBila
- VaDzonga
- VaHlanganu
- VaHlave
- VaHlengwe
- VaKhosa
- VaLambya
- VaLozyi
- VaN’wanati
- VaNdzawu
- VaNkomati
- VaNkuna
- VaRhonga
- VaShangane
- VaTembe
- VaTswa
- VaXika
- VaXingwedzi

Swiyenge leswi, mavito ya swona ya huma eka vakokwani wa vona kumbe vito ra mfumo xivongo xa rixaka ra vona, kambe hinkwavo va hlanganisiwa hi ririmi ra Xitsonga na ndhavuko wa Xitsonga, swo fana na mambalelo, vunanga, macinelo, tingoma, na swin'wana.

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga</title>
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[[Nkanyi]] {{·}} [[Nkuhlu]] {{·}} [[Nkwakwa]] {{·}} [[Milala]] {{·}} [[Pfilu]] {{·}}[[Nkuwa]] {{·}} [[Nsala]] {{·}} [[Ximuwu]] {{·}} [[Nkonono]] {{·}} [[Nhlampfurha]] {{·}} [[Mondzo]] {{·}} [[Mhangana]] {{·}} [[Nhlangula (Nsinya)]] {{·}} [[Ntoma]] {{·}}[[Nthunduluka]] {{·}} [[Ndzhenga]] {{·}} [[Muringa]] {{·}} [[Mupayi]] {{·}} [[Muvhangazi]] {{·}} [[Mpopowa]] {{·}} [[Mpopowanhova]] {{·}} [[Mkhanyakude]] {{·}} [[Mbhandzu]] {{·}} [[Mbvuva]] {{·}} [[Mugwava]] {{·}} [[Ntshuguri]] {{·}} [[Xikaya|Xikaya/Mbafa]] {{·}} [[Xikhavi]] {{·}} [[Ximapana]] {{·}} [[Xipalatsa]] {{·}} [[Xirhomberhombe]] {{·}} [[Xithlangwa]] {{·}} [[Zavazava]] {{·}} [[Manuhana]] {{·}} [[Mbangi ya nhova]]

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    <title>Xitonga</title>
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      <text bytes="5436" sha1="k63yg6w7sjxxm5a3bhx8pqbiteh4p1d" xml:space="preserve">{{language
|name=Tonga
|altname=Tonga-Inhambane
|nativename=''Gitonga''
|states=[[Mozambique]]
|speakers=375,000
|date=2006
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam4=[[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]]
|fam5=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
|fam6=[[Southern Bantu|Southern]]
|fam7=Chopi (S.60)?
|iso3=toh
|glotto=gito1238
|glottorefname=Gitonga
|guthrie=S.62
}}

'''Xitonga''' ('''Chitonga''', '''Guitonga''') i ririmi leri ri vulavuriwaka e [[Mozambique]], ngopfu hi xitalo e Nyembani (Inhambane). Ririmi ra Xitonga ri na ndzin’wana ya Xicopi lexi na xona xi vulavuriwaka e Nyembani. Ririmi ra Xitonga ri ni ku hundza ka malembe ya 1000 ri ri karhi ri vulavuriwa laha e [[Afrika]], na namuntlha va ha ri kona lava va ti vitanaka Vatonga e Nyembani. Kambe hi ku hundza ka malembe leri ra le Mozambique ri fikile laha ri nga tekela swintsongo eka tindzimi tin’wani ku fana na Xikalanga, Xitswa, Xivhenda, na Xiputukezi.

==Matimu ya ririmi==
Xitonga i ririmi ra khale leri ri vulavuriwaka na le tindzhawini to fana na le Zambia, Zimbabwe, kambe na le Malawi. Namuntlha ku na ku hambana eka mavulavulelo ya Xitonga ematikweni lawa, tani hi leswi Vatonga va nga fika va tshama na tinxaka to hambana-hambana loko va rhurha e Central Afrika kun’wani kwalano kavo 500AD. Ku hangalaka ka ririmi leri, swi vangele leswaku vanghezi va ri tsala hi tindlela to hambana, kuya hi ndzhawo leyi a va ri dyondza kona; xikombiso: Xitonga xa le Zambia na Zimbabwe xi tekerile swintsongo mavulavulelo eka Xikalanga na Xishona, ivi vanghezi va xi tsala tani hi “Chitonga”. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/toi/ Tonga] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hopgood, CR (1992), ''A Practical Introduction to Chitonga'', Zambia: Zambia Educational Publishing House.&lt;/ref&gt; Xitonga xa le Mozambique xi tekerile swintsongo mavulavulelo eka Xitswa, ivi vanghezi va xi tsala tani hi “Guitonga” kumbe “Thonga”.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/toh/ Tonga] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). [http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/gito1238 &quot;Gitonga&quot;]. Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.&lt;/ref&gt; Hi xikhale xa vaAfrika, swi tekiwa vanhu lava va ri rixaka rin’we, hambi leswi namutlha va nga hambana tindlela na mavulavulelo. Swi lava matimu ya vanhu lava ya nga avanyisiwi hi matsalelo ya vanghezi hi kuva matsalwa ya xinghezi ya tala ku onha matimu na vuxaka bya vaAfrika.

Tinxaka ta va Afrika khale a va nga swi koti ku ti tsalela [[matimu]], kambe lava a va swi kota i va Europe (ku katsa va Portugal na va Swiss) lava va nga fika va sungula mfumu wa vona e Mozambique endzhaka 1560&lt;ref&gt;De Mesquita Perestrelo, M (1564), ''Naufragio da Não São Bento,'' Coimbra.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;De Sousa Ferreira, E &amp; Davidson, B (1974), ''Portuguese Colonialism in Africa: The End of an Era'', Paris: The UNESCO Press.&lt;/ref&gt;, kambe ku nga rivariwi leswaku vaTonga na vona a va kota ku hlayisa matimu ya vona hi ku ti thopa na [[vutlhokovetselo]]. Mudyondzi loyi a nga swi hlanganisa hi vu enti swa ririmi ri xiTonga (Thonga) i Junod. Swo tala leswi Junod a nga swi tsala hi rixaka leri a ri vitaniwa “Thonga tribe” swi seketeriwa hi [[Vatsonga]] vo tala eka masiko ya namuntlha.&lt;ref&gt;Mathebula, Mandla (2002), ''800 Years of Tsonga History: 1200-2000'', Burgersfort: Sasavona Publishers and Booksellers Pty Ltd.&lt;/ref&gt; Junod, endzhaka loko a tshamile a dyondza na vanhu lava hi matimu na mintolovelo ya vona, u kumile leswaku ririmi ra Xitonga (Thonga) a ri vulavuriwa hi Vatsonga va khale (na kwalano ehansi ka malembe ya vo 1400 a ri vulavuriwa) &lt;ref&gt;Junod, Henry (1977), ''Matimu Ya Vatsonga: 1498-1650'', Braamfontein: Sasavona Publishers.&lt;/ref&gt; - a nga tlhela a tsala leswaku&lt;ref&gt;Junod, Henry (1912, 1927), ''The Life of a South African Tribe: The Social Life'', Neuchatel: Imprimerie Attinger Freres.&lt;/ref&gt;:
 ''&quot;My conclusion is then that the Thonga language was already-spoken by the primitive occupants of the country more than 500 years ago and that, together with a certain number of customs, it formed the great bond which bound the Thonga clans together in past centuries.”'' ─ (Junod 1912, p. 33)

Vulavisisi na vudyondzi bya vo Junod byi kotile ku hlanganisa matimu ya Vatsonga na ririmi leri ra khale ka vona. Swi fikile laha Junod a nga sungula ku tsala a hlanganisa Xitonga, [[Xirhonga]], na [[Xitswa]] ivi ku kota ku tsariwa ti book to sungula-sungula ta Xirhonga na [[Xitsonga]].

==Minkombo==
{{Reflist}}

==Nhlamuselo ya le handle==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=8dA2AAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Itestamente lipya nya pfumu yatu Jesu Kristu: kanga ku lobidwego ki gitonga'' (1905)]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=zY0NAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Ruthe. Samuele: Ruth, and I. Samuel, chapters I to IV, in the Gitonga language'' (1902)]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=205AAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Christian hymns, together with some of the Psalms of David in the language of the Ba Tonga, as spoken in the district of Inhambane, east Africa'' (1901)]

[[Category:Afrika-Dzonga]]
[[Category:Tindzimi]]
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|-
| [[Image:Filing cabinet icon.svg|50px|Archive]] || This is an '''[[Wikipedia:Archive|archive]]''' of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the [[{{#rel2abs:{{{1|..}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;|Template talk:Talkarchive/Archive 1&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;|{{{2|}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}|current talk page]].&lt;!-- Template:Talkarchive --&gt;
|}&lt;includeonly&gt;__NOEDITSECTION__[[Category:{{TALKSPACE}} archives|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

----

== See also ==
* [[Template:Archive]]

[[Category:Archival templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:General talk header templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

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    <title>Maxakadzi</title>
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      <text bytes="14620" sha1="8aqd8pvag5ljro75zgusgue1jz2k154" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Emperor
| name                       = Hosinkulu Maxakadzi
| title                          = “Maxakadzi, Mxadzi”
| image                      = 
| caption                    = 
| Vukosi                     = Van’wanati
| coronation                 = 1634
| Vito leri heleleke         = Maxakadzi Maluleke
| Hosi leyi n'wi rhangeleke  = [[Malenga|Malenga wa Gunyule]]
| Hosi leyi n'wi landzeleke  = [[Dlhamani|Dlhamani wa Maxakadzi]]
| Mudyandzhaka               = [[Nkuri]]
| Yindlu ya vukosi           = [[vaTonga]], [[vaCopi]]
| Royal anthem               = “Thimbya-rimbya! Betsa ra matsala-tsala! Va ka mafula hi xivuri, va tshika nyundzu!”
| Kokwani wakwe              = [[Hosinkulu Gunyule]]
| Mana wakwe                 =
| U velekiwe hi              = 
| Ndzhawu yo velekiwa        = [[Mozambique]]
| A lova hi                  = 
| Ndzhawu yo lahliwa         = Mapai, Mozambique
| Sirha ra kwe e             = 
| Vasati                     = N’wabungu lonkulu (N’wa Manganyi); N’wabungu lontsongo (N’wa Manganyi)
| Vana                       = [[Guyu]], [[Dlhamani]]
}}
[[File:Johnston, W. and A.K. - South African Republic. Orange Free State, Natal, Basuto Land, Etc..jpg|thumb|right|Map wa Afrika Dzonga hi 1897, wu kombaka tiku ra mfumu wa ka Maluleke (Mhinga, Rusenga, Phafuri) na man'wani]]
'''Hosinkulu Maxakadzi''' (Mashakadzi, Majakazi, Mashakatsi), i hosinkulu leyi yi humaka eka rixaka ra Vatsonga, Van’wanati. Hi yena hosinkulu yo hetelela leyi a yi tiveka yiri murhangeri-nkulu eka Vatsonga eLimpopo ([[Afrika Dzonga]]) hi nkarhi wa 1640 ku fika kwalano kavo 1670 loko se a ta hundzisela eka [[Dlhamani]]. Mfumu wa ka Maxakadzi e hansi ka Dlhamani wu fikile laha wu nga tiveka na le matikweni ya le Britain na le Asia.&lt;ref&gt;Addresses and Papers of the Joint Meeting of British and South African Associations for the Advancement of Science, Johannesburg 1905&lt;/ref&gt; Maxakadzi u huma eka ntlawa wa Van’wanati. Ntlawa lowu nkarhi un’wani a wu tiveka tani hi “valenga” ku suka eka vito “Malenga”. Maxakadzi hi yena a nga landzela ku suka eka tatana wakwe Malenga loyi a nga n’wana wa [[Hosinkulu Gunyule]].

===Vukosi bya Muti===
Maxakadzi i n’wana wa Malenga loyi a ri murhangeri-nkulu eka Vacopi (“vacopi” i vito ra Xitsonga leri ri nga nyikiwa eka vahloti va rixaka ra Vatsonga tani hi leswi a va tirhisa vurwa na nseve ku suka hi vo 1200). Vana va Malenga lava va tivekaka i Ncelwa, Muswana, na Maxakadzi. Muswana na Maxakadzi hi vona lava a va hlayiwa kuva va velekiwile hi hosinkati yo sungula ya Malenga. E ndzhaku ka ku hundza e misaveni ka Malenga, vuhosi byi hundzerile eka Muswana. E ndzhaku ka ku hundza e misaveni ka Muswana, vuhosi byi hundzerile eka Maxakadzi. Eka vukosi bya muti, vukosi a byi tekiwa hi kwalano ka ku nyikeriwa xicemba lexi a xi hundziseriwa eka loyi a nga ta landzela ka hosinkulu. Eka [[Maluleke]], hosi a yi fanela ku va yi ri na xona xicemba lexi, ku komba vuhosi byakwe. Vana va Maxakadzi hinkwavo va le vuhosini a va nyikeriwa xicemba lexi. Eka matsalwa ya [[Henri-Alexandre Junod]] (1912) swi tsariwi tani hi “psitjemba” kambe a ringeta ku vula ku “swicemba”. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Junod, H. (1912), ''The Life of a South African Tribe: The Social Life'', Neuchatel: Imprimerie Attinger Freres.&lt;/ref&gt; Lava va khale a va tshembha leswaku kuva hosi yi ri na xona xicemba lexi, a xi n’wu nyika matimba, leswaku loko a khinyekili na munhu wo karhi, a swi kota ku rhumela swiharhi swa nhova leswaku swi ta tirhana na munhu woloye. Hi ndlela leyi, a va tshembha leswaku xicemba xi na matimba ya ku rhumela swiharhi eka munhu. Swi nga endleka leswaku a kova ndlela ya ku chuhisa vanhu, kambe swi ti komba vo tala hi minkarhi yaleyo a va tshembhela eka swona swilo swo tani, tani hi swiyila, kambe ntirho-nkulu wa xona a ku ri ku komba vuhosi ni matimba ya hosi.

===Rixaka-nkulu ra Vatsonga eLimpopo (1640-1800)===
Ku ya hi matimu lawa ya tsariweke, swi hlamuseriwa leswaku Van’wanati va fike e nambyeni wa Limpopo (Limpopo River) xikan’we na va ka [[Baloyi]] kwalano ka ti 1600. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Loko va nga se rhurha swin’we, va ka Baloyi a va tshama na vaTonga (Vacopi, Van’wanati, Varhonga) e [[Mozambique]] hi nkarhi lowu loko va ka Baloyi va ha rhangela hi Gwambe loyi a ri hosinkulu ya va Thovela ni Valozyi hi vo 1500. Va ka Baloyi a va tiveka hi mavito yo fana na “Vanyayi, Valozyi, Vakalanga”; kambe na vona a va ri kona eka nseketelo wun’we wa masocha lawa a ya tiveka hi vito ra “Vacopi”. Loko vanhu lava va rhurha, va longolokile va kongoma e Vudzonga hi ndlela leyi a yi tiveka hi nkarhi walowo, ivi va fikela e kusuhi na nambu wa Limpopo (Limpopo river) laha nambu lowu wu khulukelaka e lwandle. Loko se va fika e lwandle laha ri vonakaka hi xitalo, va ka Baloyi va chavile ku kula ka lwandle ivi va thlelela endzhaku, tani hi leswi a va nga tolovelanga ku tshama ekusuhi ni lwandle, kambe Vacopi ni Vatonga a va toloverile ku tshama e kusuhi ni lwandle laha khale na khale a ku ri e kaya ka vona e ndzhawini liya yi hlanganisaka Nyembane, Xai-Xai, na le Bileni. Va ka Baloyi va sukile kona va kongomela endzeni ka Limpopo ivi ku sala Van’wanati lava va nga kuma swimilani, mihandzu, ni milala, leyi a va yi tsakela e ndzhawini liya - yin’we ka yona yi tiveka hi vito ra “mukwakwa”. Mukwakwa lowu a wu nga kumeki kun’wani e handle ka ndzhawo liya, na swona a va wu tsakela kuva va endla xa ku dya xa nkoka loko se va xi toloverile. Vito leri ra “makwakwa” ri fike laha ri nga nyikiwa eka xiyenge xin’we eka vona Van’wanati lavaya va nga fika va xi rhandza xidyiwa lexi. Na namunthla xiyenge lexiya xa ha tiveka hi xona xivongo lexiya xa Makwakwa.
Hi nkarhi lowu (1570-1630) Van’wanati a va fumile e ndzhawo liya loko va ha rhangela hi hosi ya vona Malenga. Van’wanati a va ri ni swiyenge swa mimiti yo tala leyi a yi katsa va ka Maluleke, va ka Makwakwa, va ka Khambane, va ka Mabota, va ka Masangu, va ka Mondlani, ni van’wani. Va ka Maluleke va sukile kona na hosi Maxakadzi va hundza e ndzhawini liya hi 1640 va hambana tindlela na mimiti liya yin’wani, va kongomela e ndzeni ka Limpopo hi ndlela ya le e Nandweni. Maxakadzi a tiveke ngopfu e ndzhawini liya hi nkarhi wa yena. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hosi leyi, a yi tiviwa na le Britain, Asia, na le Portugal, hi kwalano ka ku fuma hi swiendliwa swo fana na risinda, mindzalama, ni swivumbiwa swo hambana-hambana hi swiendli swa ntumbuluko, leswi swi nga fika swi tirhisiwa na hi valungu swi pfuna ku antswisa matwisiselo ya vona eka vudyondzi bya ''science''. Swo tala leswi va ka Maluleke va nga tiveka hi swona eka vuvumbi ni swa ma’akelo hi swa ntumbuluko, swi kona eka “''Addresses and Papers of the Joint Meeting of British and South African Associations for the Advancement of Science'', Johannesburg 1905”.

===Ku Fuma ka Rixaka===
Hi kuya ka nkarhi, Maxakadzi u kotile ku fuma ndzhawu leyi namuntlha yi tivakaka ku hi le Kruger National Park ku fika eka Malema, Shakadza, na Ribola. Va ka Maluleke a va tiveka ngopfu e Libombo Mountains tani hi leswi va nga pfuna ku fuma tinxaka hi ku hlota na ku endla switirhisiwa swa risinda na ku xavisa mihandzu, madzovo ya swiharhi na timhondzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Theal, G.M. (1902), ''The Beginning of South African History'', London: T. Fisher unwin.&lt;/ref&gt; Va hangalakile hi ku famba ka malembe. Va ka Mhinga na Makuleke va susiwe e tikweni ra vona laha namunthla ku nga Kruger National Park va rhurhisiwa hi nkanu hi mfumu wa mabhunu, laha se va nga fika va tshama eka Malamulele ku fika e Ribola, ivi van'wani va wela endzeni ka tiko ra Mozambique. Van’wanati va fikile laha va nga tsakela hi tinxaka to tala eka Vatsonga, tani hi leswi va nga tlanga xiphemu lexi kulu eka ku sirhelela Vatsonga eka valala na tinxaka ta vulwisani, na kuva va pfunile kwalano ka kuva Vatsonga va kumile ndzhawo ya rixaka e Limpopo laha ku nga hela ku khomiwa nhlangano lowu wu nga endla leswaku tinhlayo to tala ta tihosi ti langha ku thya tiko leriya ku i &quot;Gazankulu&quot; Homeland. Hi matimba na migingiriko ya Hosi Sunduza Mhinga, swi kotekile leswaku Vatsonga na vona va tekeriwa e henhla tani hi rixaka leri a ri fanele kuva na tiko ra rona, hambi leswi tiko leri ri nga fumiwa e henhla ka mfumu wa Apartheid.&lt;ref&gt;Mathebula, M (2002), ''800 Years of Tsonga History: 1200-2000'', Burgersfort: Sasavona Publishers and Booksellers Pty Ltd.&lt;/ref&gt; Van’wanati a va tiveka va ri valamuleri (hi kwalano vito ra “Malamulele” ri nga thyiwa ku suka eka ra Mulamula/Mulamulele). Va pfunile swinene kwalano ka ku lamulela Vatsonga vo tala eka Mabhunu, Vavhenda, Vangoni ni Vandawu eka vuhlaseli lebyi byi nga va kona hi malembe ya vo 1820 ku fika 1980. 

Vito “Maxakadzi” ri huma eka ku “xakadza” leswi hi xinghezi swi hlamuselaka ku ''&quot;viciously attacking&quot;''.&lt;ref&gt;Van'wanati Clan (2015), “Van’wanati Newsletter”, no. 02, Retrieved on 29 October 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Masocha lawa a ya rhangela hi Maxakadzi a ya kota ku lwa ni ku hlota, va fika laha va nga nyikiwa vito ra “vaxakadzi” kumbe “vaxadzi”, ku nga mavito ya Xitsonga lawa a ya tirhisiwa ngopfu hi ti 1600 na ti 1700.

===Mfumo wa Vuhosi-nkulu (1634-1670)===
A hi ntiyiso leswaku a ku nga ri na mfumu-nkulu wun’wani wa Vatsonga e handle ka mfumu wa Gaza empire le Mozambique (leyi yi nga va kona e ndzhaka 1820), hi kuva matimu ya mfumu-nkulu wa Vatsonga e Limpopo na Mozambique hi nkarhi wa 1630 ku fika 1800 ma tiveka. Hosinkulu Maxakadzi hi nkarhi wa yena u fume tindzhawu leti ti nga e xikarhi ka Kruger National Park, ku katsa e Nandweni, ku ta fika e Rivubye na Rivolwa (Ribola). E tlhelo ka leswi, swa tiveka e xikarhi ka Vatsonga leswaku Vatsonga a va rhangela hi tihosi ta mindyangu ivi va thlela va rhangela hi vuhosi-nkulu bya muti ku sukela kwalano e hansi ka lembe ra 1200 a va ti fuma. Eka ririmi ra Xitsonga swi na nkoka ku hambanisa marito “Hosi” na “Hosinkulu”, hi kuva eka rixaka ro karhi kumbe eka mfumu-xivongo ku na tihosi (kumbe tihosana) ivi ku va na hosinkulu leyi yi nga murhangeri-nkulu eka tinhloko ta mimiti. Loko munhu a ku “Hosi”, hi xinghezi swi fana na loko a ku ''&quot;chief&quot;'' (''&quot;traditional leader&quot;'' kumbe ''&quot;headman&quot;''). Hi xintu xa Afrika khale a swi nga ri kona swaku ku va na Hosinkulu yin'we yo rhangela rixaka hinkwaro. Leswa ti &quot;king&quot; eka tinxaka ta la Afrika-Dzonga swi tisiwe hi Great Britain hi nkarhi wa ti 1800s loko yi hlohletela vaka-ntimeni leswaku va ya hlula vamakhelwani va va fuma. Hi ndlela leyi, vanghezi a va endlela leswaku va ta kota ku kongomisa vantima hi ndlela leyi a va lava yona na kuva va kota ku vutla misava hi ndlela yo olova. Khale vantima a va ti fuma hi swivongo swa ndyangu laha ku tlhelaku ku va na hosinkulu exikarhi ka vona, leyi yi nga na ngati ya muti walowo. Xikombiso, eka Van’wanati va Afrika-Dzonga ku na Hosi Mulamula, Hosi Xikundu, Hosi Xigalo, ni van’wani, ivi va rhangela hi vuhosi-nkulu by aka Mhinga (lava hi Constitution ya laha e Afrika Dzonga va tivekaka va wela kwalano eka ti Senior Traditional Leaders). 

Maxakadzi i ntukulu wa Hosinkulu Gunyule loyi a ri murhangeri wa vaTonga va le Nyembani xikan’we ni Vacopi. Vuhosinkulu lebyi, ku suka eka minkarhihi ya vaTonga ni vaCopi hi vo 1400-1530, na hi minkarhi ya vo Malenga, byi hundzerile eka voko ra Malenga, ivi ku landzela Maxakadzi, ivi ku nyikeriwa eka n’wana wakwe Dlhamani loyi a nga kokwana wa va Mhinga, Maluleke, Xigalo, Mulamula, Xikundu, Matsilele etc.

===Vadyandzhaka eka Rixaka (1680-1736)===
Maxakadzi u hundziserile vuhosi eka n’wana wakwe Dlhamani, loyi a ri n’wana wa vumbirhi wa Maxakadzi. Maxakadzi u ve na vana vambirhi va tivekaka lava a va lwela vuhosi, ku nga Guyu (wo sungula ku velekiwa) na Dlhamani (wa vumbirhi). E ndzhaku ka ko lova ka Muswana, Maxakadzi u tekile hosinkati ya yena Muswana (vito rakwa a kuri N’wabungu lonkulu) kambe hala thlelo Maxakadzi a tekile ndzisana ya N’wabungu (loyi a tiveka hi ra N’wabungu lontsongo). Dlhamani u velekiwile hi hosinkati ya Muswana (loyi a nga fela e nyimpini) kambe Dlhamani a ri nyimba ya Maxakadzi, kasi Guyu u velekiwile hi N’wabungu lontsonga. Hi milawu ya vuhosi eka ndhavuko wa Xitsonga, vuhosi byi famba hi ndlela ya hosinkati wo sungula wa hosi leyi yi khomeleke – hi kwalano vuhosi byi nga nyikiwa eka Dlhamani hi kuva manana wakwe a ri hosinkati ya Muswana loyi a khomele xicemba xa vuhosinkulu ku suka eka Malenga. E hansi ka mfumu lowu a wu rhangela hi Dlhamani, va ka Maluleke va kurisile mfumo wa vona e Limpopo. E hansi ku mfumu lowu, va ka Maluleke va tivekile na le tikweni ra vaDutch lava a va xavisa minturhu, swimilani ni mihandzu yo hambana-hambana. VaDutch lava a va thlela va xava timhondzo ni risinda eka Varhonga, Vacopi, Vanyayi, na Vandzawu, kumbe va cincisana kuya hi leswi a swiri swa nkoka hi nkarhi walowo. Hi 1723 va ka Maluleke va hlanganile na vaDutch e Delagoa Bay laha va nga famba na tinsimbhi ni risinda va ya cincisa va nyikiwa mavele na minturhu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Paver, F.R. (1933), Trade and Mining in Pre-European Transvaal, ''South African Journal of Science'', no. 30, pp. 603‒611.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Witter, R. (2010),  Taking  their  territory  with  them  when  they  go:  Mobility  and  access  in Mozambique’s Limpopo National Park, Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Georgia.&lt;/ref&gt; Minkarhi yin’wani va ka Maluleke a va xava kunene risinda eka vaDutch leswaku va ta ti endlela switirhisiwa swo hambana-hambana, ku fana na hi 1732 laha mfumu wa ka Maxakadzi wu nga xava risinda eka vona vaDutch.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Mfumu wa ka Maxakadzi nkarhi un’wani a wu pfuna tinxaka tin’wani leswaku va ta kota ku xava switirhisiwa eka vahundzi va ndlela. Ndzhawu ya le Delagoa Bay na le Inhambane a yi rhandziwa hi vahundzi va ndlela lava a va tela ku xavisa switirhisiwa na mihandzu. Hi ti 1800s mfumu wa ka Maxakadzi wu pfunile leswaku Vhavenda na Bapedi na vona va ta fuma tinxaka ta vona vinyi hi ku xava mavele na switirhisiwa eka vaDutch. &lt;ref&gt;Bandama, F. (2013), The Archaeology and Technology of Metal Production in the Late Iron Age of the Southern Waterberg, Limpopo Province, South Africa, Doctors thesis, University of Cape Town.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku sukela nkarhi lowu, Vhavenda na Bapedi na vona se a va toloverile ku ti endlela switirhisiwa va ya xavisa kumbe ku xava hi voxe leswi a va swi lava.

==Nhlamuselo ya le Handle==
*Addresses and Papers of the Joint Meeting of British and South African Associations for the Advancement of Science, Johannesburg 1905

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Tihosi ta Vatsonga}}
{{Lifetime|1600|1670|Maxakadzi}}

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| group1 = '''Van'wanati:'''
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[[Hosinkulu Gunyule|Gunyule]] {{·}} [[Maxakadzi]] 
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This module was created by User:CodeHydro (Alexander Zhikun He).
User:Jackmcbarn and User:Mr._Stradivarius provided a great deal of assistance in writting p.main()

p.main() draw heavily from the following version of Template:Asbox of the English Wikipedia, authored primarily by User:Rich_Farmbrough
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Asbox&amp;oldid=619510287

p.templatepage() is derived from the following revision of Template:Asbox/templatepage, authored primarily by User:MSGJ
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Asbox/templatepage&amp;oldid=632914791

Both templates had significant contributions from numerous others listed in the revision history tab of their respective pages.
--]]
local WRAPPER_TEMPLATE, args = 'Template:Asbox'
local p, Buffer, stubCats = {
	--Prevents dupli-cats... get it? Maybe not?
	cats = setmetatable({}, {__newindex = function(t, i, v)
		if not rawget(t, i) then
			rawset(t, i, v)
			table.insert(t, i)
		end
	end}),
	--initializes variables required by both p.main and p.templatepage
	init = function(self, frame, page)
		args, page = args or require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {
			wrappers = WRAPPER_TEMPLATE
		}), page or mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
		--Ensures demo parameter will never affect category() output for articles
		self.demo = self.demo or page.namespace ~= 0 and args.demo
		return args, page
	end
}, require('Module:Buffer')

--[[
Formats category links. Stores them until called with cat.done=true
Takes multiple or single categories in the form of 'cat'
or a table of strings and/or tables containing parts. (See below)
]]
local attention, catTag, catKey = Buffer'Stub message templates needing attention', '[[Category:%s]]', '%s|%s%s'
local function category(cat)
	for _, v in ipairs((tostring(cat) == cat or cat.t) and {cat} or cat) do
		--[[
		If v is a table:
			[1] = full category name; defaults to local attention if blank
			k = Category sort key. Prefix before v.t
			t = page.text or args.tempsort#; appended after k (or in its place if omitted). Required if v is not a string
		Basically the same as v = (v[1] or attention) .. ' | ' .. (v.k or '') .. v.t
		]]
		if v and v ~= true then--reject v = nil, false, or true
			p.cats[catTag:format(tostring(v) == v and
				v
				or (v[1] and Buffer(v[1]) or attention):_in(v.k):_(v.t):_str(2, nil, nil, '|')
			)] = true
		end
	end
	return cat.done and table.concat(p.cats, p.demo and ' | ' or nil) or ''
end

--[[
Makes an ombox warning;
Takes table {ifNot = Boolean, text, {cat. sort key, cat. sort name}}
Will return an empty string instead when ifNot evaluates to true 
]]
local function ombox(v)
	if v.ifNot then return end
	p.ombox = p.ombox or require('Module:Message box').ombox
	category{v[2]}
	return p.ombox{
		type = 'content',
		text = v[1]
	}
end

--[[
Unlike original template, module now takes unlimited cats! This function also performs
most stub category error checks except for the ombox for when main |category= is omitted (See p.template())
]]
local function catStub(page, pageDoc)
	stubCats = {missing = {}, v = {}}
	local code
	for k, _ in pairs(args) do
		--Find category parameters and store the number (main cat = '')
		table.insert(stubCats, string.match(k, '^category(%d*)$'))
	end
	table.sort(stubCats)
	for k, v in ipairs(stubCats) do
		--Get category names and, if called by p.templatepage, the optional sort key
		local tsort, cat = args['tempsort' .. v], mw.ustring.gsub(args['category' .. v], '[^%w%p%s]', '')--remove all hidden unicode chars 
		--Do not place template in main category if |tempsort = 'no'. However, DO place articles of that template in the main category.
		table.insert(stubCats.v,
			 page and (--p.templatepage passes page; p.main does not, i.e. articles are categorized without sort keys.
				v=='' and tsort == 'no'--if true, inserts 'true' in table, which category() will reject
				or tsort and {cat, k = ' ', t = tsort}
				or {cat, k = ' *', t = page.text}--note space in front of sort key
			)
			or cat
		)
		--Check category existance only if on the template page (i.e. stub documentation)
		if page then
			if not mw.title.new('Category:' .. cat).exists then
				code = code or mw.html.create'code':wikitext'|category'
				table.insert(stubCats.missing, tostring(mw.clone(code):wikitext(v)))
			end
			--[[
			Checks non-demo stub template for documentation and flags if doc is present.
			All stub cats names are checked and flagged if it does not match 'Category: [] stub'.
			The main stub cat is exempt from the name check if the stub template has its own doc
			(presumably, this doc would have an explanation as to why the main stub cat is non-conforming).
			]]
			table.insert(stubCats.v, v == '' and not p.demo and pageDoc.exists and
				'Stub message templates with documentation subpages'
				or not cat:match' stubs$' and {k = 'S', t = page.text}
			)
		end
	end
	--Add category names after loop is completed
	category(stubCats.v)
	return #stubCats.missing &gt; 0 and ombox{
		--Changed, original msg:
		--One or more of the stub categories defined in this template do not seem to exist!
		--Please double-check the parameters {{para|category}}, {{para|category1}} and {{para|category2}}.
		'The following parameter'
			.. (#stubCats.missing == 1 and ' defines a stub category that does' or 's define stub categories that do')
			.. ' not exist: ' .. mw.text.listToText(stubCats.missing),
		{k = 'N', t = page.text}
	}
end

--Shows population of categories found by catStub(). Outputs demo values if none
local function population()
	local wikitext, base = {}, '* [[:Category:%s]] (population: %s)\n'
	if not args.category and stubCats[1] ~= false then
		table.insert(stubCats, 1, false)
	end
	for _, v in ipairs(stubCats) do
		table.insert(wikitext, base:format(
			v and args['category' .. v] or '{{{category}}}',
			v and mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory(args['category' .. v], 'all') or 0
		))
	end
	return table.concat(wikitext)
end

--Includes standard stub documention and flags stub templates with bad parameter values.
function p.templatepage(frame, page)
	args, page = p:init(frame, page)
	local tStubDoc = mw.title.new'Template:Stub documentation'
	local pageDoc = page:subPageTitle('doc')
	--Reorganization note: Original Asbox alternates between outputting categories and checking on params |category#=.
	--Rather than checking multiple times and switching tasks, all stub category param operations have been rolled into catStub()
	return Buffer(
		ombox{--Show ombox warnings for missing args.
			ifNot = args.category,
			'The &lt;code&gt;|category&lt;/code&gt; parameter is not set. Please add an appropriate stub category.',
			{k = 'C', t = page.text}
		})
		:_(ombox{
			ifNot = args.subject or args.article or args.qualifier,
			'This stub template contains no description! At least one of the parameters &lt;code&gt;|subject&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;|article&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;|qualifier&lt;/code&gt; must be defined.',
			{k = 'D', t = page.text}
		})
		:_(catStub(page, pageDoc))--catStub() may also return an ombox if there are non-existing categories
		:_(category{
			done = p.demo ~= 'doc',--Outputs categories if not doc demo
			'Stub message templates',
			'Exclude in print',
			args.icon and
				'Stub message templates using icon parameter'
				or args.image and (
					mw.title.new('Media:' .. mw.text.split(args.image, '|')[1]).exists--do nothing if exists. category() will reject true
					or {k = 'B', t = page.text}
				)
				or 'Stub message templates without images',
			args.imagealt and {k = 'I', t = page.text},
		})
		:_((not p.demo or p.demo == 'doc') and--Add standard stub template documentation
			require('Module:Documentation').main{
				content = Buffer(page.text ~= 'Stub' and--This comparison performed in {{Asbox/stubtree}} before it invokes Module:Asbox stubtree
						require('Module:Asbox stubtree').subtree{args = {pagename = page.text}}
					)
					:_in'\n== About this template ==\nThis template is used to identify a':_(args.subject):_'stub':_(args.qualifier):_out' '--space
					:_'. It uses {{[[Template:Asbox|asbox]]}}, which is a meta-template designed to ease the process of creating and maintaining stub templates.\n=== Usage ===\nTyping '
					:_(mw.html.create'code'
						:wikitext('{{', page.text == 'Stub' and 'stub' or page.text, '}}')
					)
					:_' produces the message shown at the beginning, and adds the article to the following categor'
					:_(#stubCats &gt; 1 and 'ies' or 'y')
					:_':\n'
					:_(population())
					:_(pageDoc.exists and--transclusion of /doc if it exists
						frame:expandTemplate{title = pageDoc.text}
					)
					:_'\n== General information ==\n'
					:_(frame:expandTemplate{title = tStubDoc.text})
					:_'\n\n'(),
				['link box'] = Buffer'This documentation is automatically generated by [[Module:Asbox]].'
					:_in'The general information is transcluded from [[Template:Stub documentation]]. '
						:_(mw.html.create'span'
							:cssText'font-size:smaller;font-style:normal;line-height:130%'
							:node(('([%s edit] | [%s history])'):format(
								tStubDoc:fullUrl('action=edit', 'relative'),
								tStubDoc:fullUrl('action=history', 'relative')
							))
						)
						:_out()
					:_(page.protectionLevels.edit and page.protectionLevels.edit[1] == 'sysop' and
						&quot;This template is [[WP:PROTECT|fully protected]] and any [[WP:CAT|categories]] should be added to the template's [&quot;
						.. pageDoc:fullUrl('action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Category_interwiki/preload', 'relative')
						.. '| /doc] subpage, which is not protected.'
					)' &lt;br/&gt;'
			}
		)()
end

function p.main(frame, page)
	args, page = p:init(frame, page)
	local output = mw.html.create'table'
		:addClass'metadata plainlinks stub'
		:css{background = 'transparent'}
		:attr{role = 'presentation'}
		:tag'tr'
			:node((args.icon or args.image) and
				mw.html.create'td'
					:wikitext(args.icon or ('[[File:%s|%spx|alt=%s]]'):format(
						args.image or '',
						args.pix or '40x30',
						args.imagealt or 'Stub icon'
					))
			)
			:tag'td'
				:tag'i'
					:wikitext(
						Buffer'Tluka leri ra':_(args.subject):_(args.article or 'i tsalwa'):_(args.qualifier)' ',--space
						' ra [[Wikipedia:stub|mpambulo]] ntsena. Unga pfuneta Wikipediya leyi, hi ku [',
						page:fullUrl('action=edit', 'relative'),
						' ri ndlandlamuxa].'
					)
				:done()
				:node(args.name and
					require'Module:Navbar'._navbar{
						args.name,
						mini = 'yes',
						style = 'position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;'
					}
				)
				:node(args.note and
					mw.html.create()
						:tag'br':done()
						:tag'span'
							:css{['font-style'] = 'normal', ['font-size'] = 'smaller'}
							:wikitext(args.note)
						:done()
				)
		:allDone()
	--[[
	Stub categories for templates include a sort key (Otherwise all will be indexed under the letter 'T' for 'Template:[] stubs')
	Articles using the template do not need a sort key since they have unique names.
	When p.demo equals 'doc', the demo stub categories will appear as those for a stub template.
	Otherwise, any non-nil p.demo will emulate article space categories (plus any error cats unless set to 'art')
	]]
	if page.namespace == 0 then -- Main namespace
		category'All stub articles'
		catStub()
	elseif p.demo then
		if p.demo ~= 'doc' then catStub() end
		--Unless p.demo is set to 'art', it will also include error categories normally only shown on
		--the template but not in the article. The elseif after namespace == 0 means demo cats will never show in article space.
		p.demodoc = p.demo ~= 'art' and p.templatepage(frame, page)
		output = mw.html.create()
			:node(output)
			:tag'small':wikitext(
				'Demo categories: ',
				(category{done = true}:gsub('(%[%[)(Category:)([^|%]]-)(%|)', '%1%2%3|%2%3%4'):gsub('(%[%[)(Category:)', '%1:%2'))
			):done()
			:wikitext(p.demo == 'doc' and p.demodoc or nil)
	else
		--Checks for valid name; emulates original template's check using {{FULLPAGENAME:{{{name|}}}}}
		local normalizedName = mw.title.new(args.name or '')
		if normalizedName and normalizedName.fullText == page.fullText then
			output = mw.html.create():node(output):wikitext(p.templatepage(frame, page))
		elseif not page.isSubpage and page.namespace == 10 then-- Template namespace and not a subpage
			category{{k = args.name and 'E' or 'W', t = page.text}}
		end
	end
	return output:wikitext(not p.demo and category{done = true} or nil)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>aosb0n08x3z2ne9lkhk574gf6z2im3x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Asbox stubtree</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30861</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:07:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;local i = {}  function i.exists(pagename)     local t = mw.title.new(pagename, &quot;Template&quot;)     return t.exists end  function i.pcase(word)    return mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustrin...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30861</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2552" sha1="eymzbxdbah53ha1tq4qa3ppcbnij0ig" xml:space="preserve">local i = {}

function i.exists(pagename)
    local t = mw.title.new(pagename, &quot;Template&quot;)
    return t.exists
end

function i.pcase(word)
   return mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(word,1,1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(word,2)
end

function i._subtree(pagename)
    local finalresult
    local out = {&quot;&quot;,pagename}
    local tt
    local temppage
    local temppageexists
    local r = 0
    local t = {}
    local removeditem1 = &quot;&quot;
    local removeditem2 = &quot;&quot;
    
    -- split items on dash into table
    for token in mw.ustring.gmatch(pagename, &quot;[^-]+&quot;) do
        -- don't add numbered items to list
        if tonumber(mw.ustring.sub(token,1,1)) == nil then
            table.insert(t,token)
        else
            r = 1
        end
    end
    table.remove(t, #t)

    while (#t &gt; 1) do
        if r == 1 then
            r = 0
        else
            -- Remove 1st item from list
            removeditem1 = t[1]
            table.remove(t, 1)
        end

        temppage = table.concat(t, &quot;-&quot;) .. &quot;-stub&quot;
        temppageexists = i.exists(temppage)
        if temppageexists == true then
            table.insert(out,&quot;[[Template:&quot; .. temppage .. &quot;|&quot; .. i.pcase(temppage) .. &quot;]]&quot;)
        else
            -- If template with first item does not exist, try removing last item
            removeditem2 = t[#t]
            table.remove(t, #t)
            temppage = removeditem1 .. &quot;-&quot; .. table.concat(t, &quot;-&quot;) .. &quot;-stub&quot;
            if #t == 0 then
                temppage = removeditem1 .. &quot;-stub&quot;
            end
            temppageexists = i.exists(temppage)
            if temppageexists == true then
                -- if exists then add first item back to list
                table.insert(t,1,removeditem1)
                table.insert(out,&quot;[[Template:&quot; .. temppage .. &quot;|&quot; .. i.pcase(temppage) .. &quot;]]&quot;)
            else
                -- if exists then add last item back to list
                table.insert(t,removeditem2)
            end
        end
    end

    finalresult = '&lt;div style=&quot;float:right; border-style:dotted; border-width:2px; padding:5px; margin:5px;&quot;&gt;'
    finalresult = finalresult .. '&lt;span title=&quot;This shows the hierarchy of the stub template in relation to other templates.&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Stub hierarchy&lt;/span&gt;'
    finalresult = finalresult .. table.concat(out, &quot;\n* &quot;)
    finalresult = finalresult .. '\n* [[Template:Stub|Stub]]'
    finalresult = finalresult .. '\n&lt;/div&gt;'
    return finalresult
end

function i.subtree(frame)
    return i._subtree(frame.args[&quot;pagename&quot;])
end

return i</text>
      <sha1>eymzbxdbah53ha1tq4qa3ppcbnij0ig</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Buffer</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4992</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30862</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:09:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[[============================= This Module was written by Alexander Zhikun He, also known as, User:Codehydro on the English Wikipedia  All methods were developed independen...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30862</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="27931" sha1="jaobpdh55fjwufj4mg1tck9bsag4blq" xml:space="preserve">--[[=============================
This Module was written by Alexander Zhikun He, also known as, User:Codehydro on the English Wikipedia

All methods were developed independently and any resemblance to other string buffer libraries would be coincidental.
Furthermore, many methods will not work when compiled by standard Lua libraries as they depend on behaviors unique to
the MediaMiki Scribunto mod, which, for example, has a getmetatable() method that always returns nil on non-tables.
https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual

Source code comments may be thin at some points because they are intended to be supplemented by the documentation page:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Buffer/doc

Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Buffer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Codehydro
=============================--]]
local function Valid(v)--type validation
	if v and v~=true then--reject nil/boolean; faster than 2 type() comparisons
		local str = tostring(v)--functions not filtered since unlikely passed by accident (Scribunto does not have userdata/thread types)
		if str~=v and str=='table' then return rawget(v, 1) and table.concat(v) end--tostring(string-type) returns same ref; same refs compare faster than type()
		if str~='' then return str end--numbers are coerced to string per table.concat op; appending in string form saves ops on repeat concat
	end
end
local noOp, MBpairs = function()end do local iMap, vMap, oMap, pIter, pOther, pFast, Next--Map
	local function init()--init = noOp after first run
		function Next(t) return next, t end--slightly faster to do this than to use select()
		function pIter(t, k) k = (iMap[t] or MBpairs(t, true) and iMap[t])[not k and 1 or vMap[t][k]] return k, t[k] end--don't use rawget; accepting unmapped tables does not measurably affect performance.
		function pOther(t, k) k = (oMap[t] or MBpairs(t, true) and oMap[t])[nil==k and 1 or vMap[t][k]] return k, t[k] end--comparison to nil because false is a valid key
		function pFast(t, k) k = not k and 1 or k &lt; (vMap[t] or #t) and k + 1 or nil return k, t[k] end--mapless iterator; almost as fast as native ipairs; slight performance penalty when length not cached
							   --k and k &lt; (vMap[t] or #t) and k + 1 or not k and 1 or nil return k, t[k] end--mapless iterator; almost as fast as native ipairs; slight performance penalty when length not cached
		local mk = {__mode = 'k'}--use mode 'k'; found that mode 'kv' sometimes garbage collects maps mid-loop (may not error because iterators auto re-map, but that's expensive)
		init, iMap, vMap, oMap = noOp, setmetatable({}, mk), setmetatable({}, mk), setmetatable({}, mk)--iMap is numeric keys, oMap is non-numeric keys, and vMap points to next key
	end
	function MBpairs(t, ...)--pairs always iterates in order
		local iter, ex = ...
		iter = iter==init()--nil
		if iter and not oMap[t] and ex==nil and rawget(t, 1)~=nil and next(t, #t)==nil then--while possible to miss keys, more thorough check would negate the benefit of pFast
			vMap[t] = #t return pFast, t, nil
		elseif ... or not vMap[t] or select('#', ...)~=1 then
			local ti, tn, to, n = {}, {}, {}, #t--reduces table lookups
			iMap[t], vMap[t], oMap[t] = ti, tn, to
			for k = 1, n do ti[k], tn[k] = k, k + 1 end--stage one avoids number type checking op in stage two for most numeric keys
			for k in (ex or Next)(t) do
				if not tn[k] then table.insert(tonumber(k)~=k and to or ti, k) end
			end
			if #ti~=n then
				table.sort(ti)
				for k = 1, #ti do tn[ti[k]] = k + 1 end--somewhat wasteful, but trying to avoid overwriting can be even more expensive
			end
			for k = 1, #to do tn[to[k]] = k + 1 end
		end
		return iter and pIter or oMap[t] and pOther or noOp, t--noOp for mapless
	end
end
local parent, rawkey, spec do--new scope for variables not reused outside (reduces number of var names that need to checked outside of scope)
	local mkv = {__mode='kv', __call=function(t,k,v)t[k]=v return k end}--shared meta for Buffer parent property, raw mode, and specialized functions
	parent, rawkey, spec = setmetatable({}, mkv), setmetatable({}, mkv), setmetatable({}, mkv)--shared meta less memory
end

local MB, MBi, MBmix, buffHTML, gfuncs, noCache, Element do--minimize number of locals per scope to reduce time spent sifting through irrelevant variable names
	local _stream do local stream--keep stream near top of scope
		local function init(f)--init = noOp after first run
			local function each(self, ...)
				for k = 1, select('#', ...) do
					k = Valid(select(k, ...))--slightly faster than table.insert(self, (Valid(select(k, ...))))
					if k then table.insert(self, k) end
				end
				return self
			end
			init, stream, _stream = noOp, {
				__call = function(t, v) v = v and Valid(v) return v and table.insert(t, v) or t end,--last_concat cleared before entering stream mode
				__index = function(t, i) return i=='each' and each or MB.__index(t, i) and setmetatable(t, MB)[i] end,--no table look up minimizes resources to retrieve the only stream function
				__tostring = function(t) return setmetatable(t, MB)() end
			} for k, v in next, MB do stream[k] = stream[k] or v end
			setmetatable(stream, getmetatable(MB))
		end
		function _stream(self, ...) self.last_concat = init() return setmetatable(self, stream):each(...) end
	end
	local function isMBfunc(Buffer, s, ...)--helper for :getParent()-like methods (including getBuffer which does not return a parent)
		return s and (select('#', ...)==0 and--eventually should figure out to make this work for :getHTML which is very similar
				(not rawkey[s] and tostring(s):match'^_.*' and MB.__index(Buffer, s) and MB.__index(Buffer, s)(Buffer) or MBmix(Buffer, s))--unprefixed function names append as a string
				or assert(MB.__index(Buffer, s), ('&quot; %s &quot; does not match any available Module:Buffer function'):format(s))(Buffer, ...)--getParent is a one-way trip so one-time assert not expensive
			) or Buffer
	end
	local function MBselect(n, ...)--helper for :_out and :_str
		local n, seps = n - 1, {select(2, ...)}
		if type(seps[n])=='table' then 
			if buffHTML and rawget(seps[n], buffHTML) then return ... end
			setmetatable(seps, {__index = setmetatable(seps[n], {__index = function(t) return rawget(t, 1) end})})[n] = nil
		end
		return ..., seps
	end
	local _inHTML do local lastBuffer, lastHTML
		local function init(...)--init replaced and new version called on return
			local create, mwFunc = mw.html.create do
				local mwHTMLmeta = getmetatable(create())
				buffHTML, mwFunc, _inHTML = setmetatable(mw.clone(mwHTMLmeta), getmetatable(MB)), mwHTMLmeta.__index--buffHTML declared near top of module; remove _inHTML from outer scope
				function init(nodes, ...)
					local name, args, tag = select(... and type(...)=='table' and 1 or 2, nil, ...)
					tag = create(Valid(name), args)
					if nodes then table.insert(nodes, tag.parent and tag or rawset(tag, 'parent', parent[nodes])) end
					if args then
						local a, b = args.selfClosing, args.parent
						args.selfClosing, args.parent = nil
						if next(args) then Element._add(parent(tag.nodes, tag), args) end
						args.selfClosing, args.parent = a, b--in case args is reused
					end
					return tag
				end
				for k, v in next, {[mw] = mwHTMLmeta,
					__call = function(h, v) return MBmix(spec[h.nodes] and h.nodes or spec(setmetatable(parent(h.nodes, h), MB), Element), v) end,
					__concat = false,--false means take from MB
					__eq = false
				} do buffHTML[k] = v or MB[k] end
			end
			local nonSelf, BHi = {tag=true,done=true,allDone=true}, buffHTML.__index do local g
				g = {__index = function(t, i)
					if gfuncs and gfuncs[i] then g.__index, gfuncs = gfuncs return g.__index[i] end
				end}
				setmetatable(nonSelf, g)
				setmetatable(BHi, g)
			end
			for k in next, nonSelf do--any HTML objects returned by these funcs will be granted Module:Buffer enhancements
				local func = mwFunc[k]
				BHi[k] = function(t, ...) local HTML = func(t, ...) return parent[HTML] and HTML or setmetatable(parent(HTML, t), buffHTML) end
			end
			do local function joinNode(HTML, sep)
					local nodes, join = HTML.nodes
					if noCache and rawkey[sep] or Valid(sep) then join, HTML.nodes = tostring(rawset(HTML, 'nodes', {MB.__call(nodes, sep)})), nodes end
					return join or tostring(HTML)
				end
				for k, v in next, {
					getParent = function(HTML, ...) lastHTML = HTML return MBi.getParent(HTML:allDone(), ...) end,--return to Buffer that created the HTML tree
					getBuffer = function(HTML, ...) lastHTML = HTML return isMBfunc(lastBuffer, ...) end,--return to last used
					killParent = function(HTML, ...) MBi.killParent(HTML:allDone(), ...) return HTML end,
					_out = function(HTML, ...)
						if ...==0 then MBi._out(HTML.nodes, ...) return HTML end
						lastHTML, HTML = HTML, HTML:allDone()
						local n, ops, seps = select('#', ...)
						if n &gt; 1 then
							local ops, seps = MBselect(n, ...)
							return parent[HTML]:_in(joinNode(HTML, rawget(seps, 0))):_out(ops, rawset(seps, buffHTML, true))
						end
						return parent[HTML]:_(joinNode(HTML, ...))
					end,
					_str = function(HTML, ...)--does not set lastHTML
						if ...==0 then return joinNode(HTML, select(2, ...)) end--passing 0 strings without calling allDone()
						local HTML, n = HTML:allDone(), select('#', ...)
						if n &gt; 1 then
							local ops, seps = MBselect(n, ...)
							return parent[HTML]:_in(joinNode(HTML, rawget(seps, 1))):_str(ops, rawset(seps, buffHTML, true))
						end
						return joinNode(HTML, ...)
					end,
					_parent = function(HTML, ...) table.insert(HTML.nodes, parent[HTML:allDone()]:_str(...)) return HTML end
				} do BHi[k] = v end
			end
			do local htmlArg, skip, outFuncs = {parent=true,selfClosing=true,tagName=true}, {}
				do local out local function func(nodes, ...) return out(parent[nodes], ...) end
					outFuncs = setmetatable({
						tag = function(nodes, ...) return parent(setmetatable(init(nodes, ...), buffHTML), parent[nodes]) end,
						done = function(b, ops)
							b = parent[b] 
							while b.parent and ops~=0 do b, ops = b.parent, ops and ops - 1 or 0 end
							return b
						end
					}, {__index = function(nodes, i)
						if rawget(BHi, i) then out = BHi[i] return func end--rawget to exclude globals
					end})
				end
				Element = {
					_add = function(nodes, t)
						for k, v in MBpairs(t), t, skip[t] do (v~=true and MBmix or noOp)(nodes, v) end
						local HTML = parent[nodes] for k, v in MBpairs(t, false) do
							if htmlArg[k] then HTML[k] = v
							elseif v and v~=true then
								if nonSelf[k] then
									if k=='tag' then
										if type(v)=='table' then
											skip[v], k = 1, rawset(create(Valid(v[1])), 'parent', HTML)
											Element._add(spec(parent(k.nodes, k, table.insert(nodes, k)), Element), v)
											if k.selfClosing then k.nodes = nil else spec[k.nodes], parent[k.nodes] = nil end--free memory/reduce clutter; parent ref will auto-unset when k.nodes is nil
											if not k.tagName then k.styles, k.attributes = nil end
										else table.insert(nodes, create(v)) end
									elseif mwFunc[k] then
										if k=='done' and tonumber(v)~=v and v[1] and tonumber(v[1])==v[1] then skip[v] = 1 end
										MBmix(outFuncs[k](nodes, skip[v] and v[1]).nodes, v)
									elseif v[1] or v[2] then
										k = MBi[k](nodes, unpack(v, 1, rawset(skip, v, k=='_B' and 1 or 2)[v]))
										Element._add(getmetatable(k) and rawget(k, 'nodes') or k, v)--if k is not a table, then v should not contain any extra keys or this may error.
									else MBi[k](nodes, v) end--k probably == '_G' or '_R'
								elseif mwFunc[k] then
									if type(v)~='table' or rawget(v, 'nodes') then mwFunc[k](HTML, v)
									else
										local css = k=='css'
										for x, y in MBpairs(v, true) do (y and y~=true and mwFunc[k] or noOp)(HTML, css and x:gsub('_', '-') or x, y) end--iterate non-numbers first
										for _, y in MBpairs(v, nil) do (y and y~=true and mwFunc[k] or noOp)(HTML, y) end--don't bother with gsub since text must be quoted anyhow
									end
								elseif rawget(Element, k) or rawget(MBi, k) then
									if tonumber(v)==v or v[1]==nil or getmetatable(v) then (Element[k] or MBi[k])(nodes, v)--v is probably string-able object, or a table to be handled by :_all
									else (Element[k] or MBi[k])(nodes, unpack(v, 1, table.maxn(v))) end--v is definately a table
								else mwFunc.css(HTML, k:gsub('_', '-', 1), tostring(v)) end--oddly enough, :_add clocked its fastest runtime after adding auto-gsub as a feature
								skip[v] = nil
							end
						end
						return nodes
					end
				}
				local tempMeta = {mode='v', copy={styles=true,attributes=true}}
				function tempMeta.__index(t, i) return tempMeta.copy[i] and rawset(t, i, MBi._cc(false, 0, t.orig[i]))[i] or t.orig[i] end
				rawkey[setmetatable(Element, {__index = outFuncs, __concat=function(Element, v) return setmetatable({nodes=spec({}, Element),orig=parent[v]}, tempMeta) end})] = math.huge
			end
			function MBi:getHTML(...)
				lastBuffer = self
				if ... then
					if select('#', ...)==1 then return not rawkey[s] and tostring(...):match'^_' and BHi[...] and BHi[...](lastHTML) or lastHTML(...)
					else return assert(BHi[...], ('&quot; %s &quot; does not match any mw.html or Buffer-mw.html function'):format(tostring(...)))(lastHTML, select(2, ...)) end
				end
				return lastHTML
			end
			function MBi:_html(...) return MBi._(self, lastHTML, select(spec[self]==Element and select('#', ...)==0 and 1 or 2, true, ...)) end
			return init(...)
		end
		function _inHTML(self, ...)
			local HTML = init(nil, ...)
			if HTML.selfClosing and spec[self]==Element then self.last_concat = table.insert(self, HTML) return self end
			lastBuffer, lastHTML = self, setmetatable(parent(HTML, self), buffHTML)--set after 'args' table processed by :_add
			return HTML
		end
	end
	local _var, unbuild do local prev, rebuild
		local function init(...)--init replaced before return
			local function pick(b, v) return b and table.insert(b, v) or v end
			local function c(a, num) return rawset(a.a or a, 0, a[0] and a[0] + a.c or num and a[1] or a[1]:byte())[0] end
			local same, build, alt = {__tostring = function(a, b) return a.a[0] and pick(b, a.a.string and string.char(a.a[0]) or a.a.table and a.a[1][a.a[0]] or a.a[0]) end}, {
				__index = {c = 1},
				__tostring = function(t) return t:_build() end,
				table = function(a, b) local i = next(a[1], a[0]) or a[0]==#a[1] and next(a[1]) return pick(b, rawset(a.a or a, 0, i)[1][i]) end,--change rate (a.c) ignored since users control the table's contents
				number = function(a, b) return pick(b, c(a, true)) end,
				string = function(a, b) return pick(b, string.char(c(a))) end
			}, {__index = function(a, i) return a.a[i] end, __tostring = function(a, b) return (rawget(a, 0) and a[0]==tostring(a[0]) and rawset(a, 0, a[0]:byte()) or a).a._build(a, b) end}
			local function shift(t, c)
				t[0] = t[0] and t[0] + c or t:_build() and t[0] - t.c + c
				if t.table then t[0] = (t[0] - 1) % #t[1] + 1 end
			end
			function rebuild(...)
				local v, c = ...
				if v or select('#', ...)==0 then
					if v and not c then return prev end
					local meta, c = select(v and 1 or 3, alt, c, same, 0)
					return setmetatable({a = prev, _build = meta.__tostring, c = c}, meta)
				elseif v==nil then--no-op
				elseif c then shift(prev, c)--v == false
				else prev:_build() end
			end
			init, noCache = function(v, c) prev = setmetatable({v, c = c, _build = build[type(v)] or v, [type(v)] = true, alt = {}}, build) return prev end, true
			return init(...)
		end
		function unbuild(sep)
			for k, v in MBpairs(sep, nil) do
				k = getmetatable(v) if k and (k==build or k==alt) then shift(v.a or v, -v.c) end
			end
		end
		function _var(self, ...)
			local obj if ... and ...~=true then obj = init(...)
			elseif prev then
				if ...~=false then obj = rebuild(...)
				else rebuild(...) end
			end
			return obj and MBi._(self, obj, nil, true) or self
		end
	end
	local lib; MBi = setmetatable({stream = _stream,
		_inHTML = _inHTML,
		_var = _var,
		_ = function(self, v, ...)
			local at, raw = select(select('#', ...)==1 and ...==true and 1 or 2, nil, ...)
			if raw then rawkey[self] = math.huge else v = Valid(v) end
			if v or raw then
				if at or rawkey[self] then raw = #self end--if length increases by more than one after table.insert, then set rawkey[self] = math.huge; rawkey[self] may be equal to a previous 'at'
				at, self.last_concat = at and (tonumber(at)~=at and raw + at or at)
				table.insert(self, select(at and 1 or 2, at, v))
				if at and at &lt; 0 or raw and #self - raw &gt; 1 then rawkey[self] = math.huge elseif at and #self==raw then rawkey[self] = rawkey[self] and math.max(rawkey[self], at) or at end
			end--above line looks bizarre because one table.insert op may make length jump from 0 to 8: local wtf={[2]=2,[4]=4,[8]=8}mw.log(#wtf,table.insert(wtf,1),#wtf)
			return self
		end,
		_nil = function(self, at, ...)
			if ...~=true and ...~=false then--faster than type(...) ~= 'boolean'
				if not at or at=='0' then
					self[#self] = ... if ... then rawkey[self] = math.huge end
				else
					local n, v = tonumber(at), ...
					if n~=at then 
						if n then n = #self + at
						elseif at~=true and select('#', ...)==0 then v, n = at, #self end
					end
					if n then 
						if v==nil and n &gt; 0 then table.remove(self, n)
						else self[math.floor(n)], rawkey[self] = v, math.huge end--floor position for consistency with Table library
					end
				end
				self.last_concat = nil
			end
			return self
		end,
		_all = function(self, t, valKey)
			for k, v in MBpairs(t) do MBmix(self, v, valKey) end
			for k, v in valKey and MBpairs(t, false) or noOp, t do
				if tonumber(v) then MBi._(self, k, v)--self not always a buffer
				elseif rawget(MBi, k) and v and v~=true then
					if v[1]==nil or getmetatable(v) then MBi[k](self, v)
					else MBi[k](self, unpack(v, 1, table.maxn(v))) end
				end
			end
			return self
		end,
		_str = function(t, ...)
			local n = select('#', ...)
			if n &gt; 1 then
				local k, ops, seps, r = 2, MBselect(n, ...)
				r = MB(t(seps[1]))
				while parent[t] and ops &gt; 1 and r:_(parent[t](seps[k]), 1) do t, k, ops = parent[t], k + 1, ops - 1 end
				return table.concat(r, seps[k] or nil)
			end
			return MB.__call(t, ...)
		end,
		_in = function (self, ...) return parent(MB(...), self) end,
		_out = function(t, ...)
			if ...==0 then return parent(t, parent[t], MBi._cc(t, t, MB.__call(t, (select(2, ...))), getmetatable(t))) end--love how :_cc needed nothing new to implement this *self pat on back*
			local n = select('#', ...)
			if n &gt; 1 then
				local k, ops, seps = 1, MBselect(n, ...)
				while parent[t] and ops &gt; 0 do t, k, ops = parent[t]:_(t(seps[k])), k + 1, ops - 1 end
			elseif parent[t] then return parent[t]:_(t(...)) end
			return t
		end,
		_cc = function(self, clear, copy, meta)
			if clear then
				if rawequal(clear, copy) then return self, spec[MBi._cc] and setmetatable(spec[MBi._cc], MB)--rawequal to avoid re-string via __eq in case both are different Buffer objects
				elseif copy==true then copy = self end
				if clear~=0 then
					assert(type(clear)=='table', debug.traceback('Buffer:_cc can only &quot;clear&quot; tables. Did you forget to call with a colon?', 2))--errors can be hard to trace without this
					for k in self and next or noOp, clear do rawset(clear, k, nil) end
				else return MBi._cc(false, {unpack(copy)}, copy) end--copy length w/o empty strings; recursion to avoid self = false causing garbage collection (non-weak child may exist)
				if self==false or copy and type(copy)=='table' then--self==false means copy is a table (saves a type op for recursive calls)
					meta = meta or getmetatable(copy)
					if self and #copy &gt; 1 then--preserves length with empty strings; developed from studying http://www.lua.org/source/5.1/ltable.c.html		
						local n, null, i, e = #copy, {}, math.ldexp(2, select(2, math.frexp(#copy)) - 2)
						e, spec[MBi._cc], parent[null] = i - 1, null, clear
						for k = 1, e do table.insert(clear, false) end
						while i&lt;=n do table.insert(clear, i, '') i, null[i] = i + math.ldexp(2, select(2, math.frexp(n - i)) - 2), '' end
						for k = 1, e do rawset(clear, k, nil) end
					end
					for k, v in next, copy do rawset(clear, k, type(v)=='table' and MBi._cc(false, 0, v) or v) end
				elseif copy then rawset(clear, 1, (Valid(copy))) end
				rawkey[setmetatable(clear, meta)], parent[clear] = rawkey[copy], parent[copy]
			end
			return self and rawset(self, 'last_concat', nil) or clear
		end,
		_parent = function(self, ...) return parent[self] and MBi._(self, parent[self]:_str(...)) or self end,
		getParent = function(self, ...) return isMBfunc(parent[self] or parent[parent(self, setmetatable({}, MB))], ...) end,
		killParent = function(self, ...) return parent[self] and isMBfunc(parent[self], ...) and parent(self) or self end,
		_build = function(self, t) table.insert(t, self()) end,--for compatibility with mw.html:node()
		last_concat = false--prevent library check
	}, {__index = function(t, i)--import string, mw.text, and mw.ustring libraries on an as-needed basis
		local func = string[i] or mw.text[i] or mw.ustring[i] or type(i)=='string' and mw.ustring[i:match'^u(.+)'] if func then
			lib	= lib or function (s, f, ...)
				if parent[s] and next(s)==nil then return s:_((f(tostring(parent[Element and (spec[s]==Element and s:allDone() or spec[parent[s]]==Element and parent[s]) or s]), ...))) end
				return f(tostring(s), ...)--not using ternary/logical operators here to allow multiple return values
			end
			return rawset(t, i, i:match'^u?gsub' and function(self, p, r, ...)return lib(self, func, p, r or '', ...)end--Why are ugsub/gsub special? because empty strings are against my religion!
				or function(self, ...)return lib(self, func, ...)end)[i]
		end
	end})
end

function MBmix(t, v, ...) return v and ((type(v)~='table' or getmetatable(v)) and MBi._(t, v) or (select('#', ...)==0 and spec[t] and spec[t]._add or MBi._all)(t, v, ...)) or t end--:_all always passes two args

local _G, new_G = _G--localize _G for console testing (console _G ~= module _G)
return setmetatable({__index = function(t, i) return spec[t] and spec[t][i] or MBi[i] end,
	__call = function(t, ...)
		local rawsep, sep, i, j, raw = noCache and rawkey[...] and ..., ...
		if i or j or rawsep or Valid(sep) then
			raw, sep, i, j = rawkey[spec[t]] or rawkey[t], rawsep or Valid(sep), i and (i~=tonumber(i) and i + #t or i), j and (j~=tonumber(j) and j + #t or j)
			if rawsep or raw and (raw&gt;=(j or #t) or i &lt; 1) then
				raw, i, j = {}, i and math.floor(i), j and math.floor(j)--floor for consistency with table.concat(t, sep, i, j), which ignores decimals
				raw.lc, t.last_concat = t.last_concat--temporarily unset last_concat to prevent disqualification from mapless iteration
				for k, v in MBpairs(t) do
					if raw[1] or not i or k&gt;=i then if j and k &gt; j then break end
						if raw.s then raw.s = table.insert(raw, tostring(sep)) end--if sep contains v and v is a Buffer-variable, sep must be strung before v
						k = Valid(v) if k then
							raw.s = rawsep or sep and raw[1] and table.insert(raw, sep)
							table.insert(raw, k)
						end
					end
				end
				if rawsep and not raw.s then raw[#raw] = unbuild(sep) end--unbuild rawsep if final index in t was invalid
				t.last_concat = raw.lc return table.concat(raw)
			end
			return table.concat(t, sep, i and math.max(i, 1), j and math.min(j, #t))
		end
		return MB.__tostring(t)
	end,
	__tostring = function(t)
		if t.last_concat then return t.last_concat end
		local r = rawkey[spec[t]] or rawkey[t]
		r = table.concat(r and r&gt;=#t and MBi._all({}, t) or t)
		return (noCache or rawset(t, 'last_concat', r)) and r
	end,
	__concat = function(a, b)
		if buffHTML then
			for k = 1, 2 do local v = select(k, a, b)--faster than for k, v in pairs{a, b} do
				if v and spec[v] and spec[v]==Element then
					if parent[v].selfClosing then
						if rawequal(a, b) then return (not noCache or parent[v].tagName) and v:_str(0):rep(2) or v:_str(0)..v:_str(0) end--rawequal avoids premature tostring of Buffer:_var objects;
						b, a = select(k, b, parent[v], a)
					else local temp = Element .. v --helper method; returns a mirror of parent[v]
						MBmix(MBmix(parent(temp.nodes, temp), a), k==1 and spec[b]==Element and parent[b] or b)
						return buffHTML.__tostring(setmetatable(temp, {__index=parent[v], __mode='v'}))--switch from tempMeta to avoid MBi._cc op of styles/attributes
					end
				end
			end
		end
		return table.concat(MBmix(MBmix({}, a), b))
	end,
	__pairs = MBpairs,
	__ipairs = MBpairs,
	__eq = function(a, b) return tostring(a)==tostring(b) end--avoid a==b in this module; use rawequal(a,b) when they may be different Buffers (premature tostring waste ops and is bad for Buffer:_var)
}, {__tostring = function()return''end,
	__call = function(self, ...) MB = MB or self
		if new_G then if ... and _G and ...==_G then new_G = ... end
		elseif ... and (...==_G or type(...)=='table' and (...)._G==...) then
			local Nil, mG = {}, (...):getmetatable() or (...):setmetatable{}:getmetatable()
			new_G, _G, gfuncs = ..., ..., {--gfuncs stored for Buffer:_inHTML; new_G is a is a Module:Buffer local declared just before the final return statement.
				_G = function(self, i, ...)
					local X, save = rawget(new_G, i), select('#', ...)==0 and self or ...
					if i and i~=true and not (X and save and rawequal(X, save)) and rawset(new_G, i, save) and (X~=nil or save==nil and new_G[i]~=nil) then--rawequal in case X is another buffer
						local mG = getmetatable(new_G) or {__call=mG.__call}
						if mG.__index then pcall(rawset, mG.__index, i, X)
						else mG.__index = setmetatable(new_G, mG) and {[i] = X} end
					end
					return self, ...--avoiding __eq with rawequal(self,save) is overkill since buffers can self-save without being passed as save
				end,
				_R = function(self, i, v, m)
					if i~='new_G' then if i and i~=true then rawset(new_G, i , v) end
					elseif not v or v==true or v._G~=_G then new_G = setmetatable(v~=true and v or {}, {__call = mG.__call, __index = v~=true and m~=true and (m or new_G) or nil})
					else new_G, (not m and (m~=nil or v==new_G) and Nil or getmetatable(v)).__index = v, m~=true and (m or new_G) or nil end--setting Nil.__index is noOp
					return self
				end,
				_2 = function(self, ...)
					if new_G[...]~=nil then return new_G[...] end--higher priority so Buffer:_G('new_G', ...) can prevent an overwrite
					if ...=='new_G' then return rawset((select('#', ...)~=1 and MBi._R(new_G, ...) or new_G), '_G', _G) end
					return select(select('#', ...)==1 and 1 or 2, self:_G(...))--return only one value; 'return select(2, self:_G(...)) or self' doesn't work for returning nil
				end,
				_B = function(self, v) return v or v==nil and Nil end
			} for k, v in next, gfuncs do MBi[k] = v end 
			setmetatable(Nil,{__concat=MB.__concat,__newindex=noOp,__call=noOp,__tostring=noOp,__metatable=MB,__index=setmetatable({_B=MBi._B,_=function()return Nil end,last_concat=''},
				{__index=function(t,i)return (MBi[i] or i and not tonumber(i)) and t._ or nil end})})
			function mG.__call(G, k, ...) return (k._G or G.type(k)=='table') and (G.select('#', ...)~=1 and G.rawset(k, ...) or G:rawset(..., k) and k) or G:rawset(k, (...)) and ... end
		end
		local new = setmetatable({}, self)
		if ... and (...)==new_G then return select(2, ...) and MBmix(new:_G((select(2, ...))), select(3, ...)) or new end
		return ... and MBi._(new, ...) or new
	end,
	__index = function(t, i)
		MB = MB or t return MBi[i] and function(...) return MBi[i](setmetatable({}, t), select(...==t and 2 or 1,...)) end
	end
})</text>
      <sha1>jaobpdh55fjwufj4mg1tck9bsag4blq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Navbar</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4993</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30864</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:12:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;local p = {}  local getArgs  function p._navbar(args) 	local titleArg = 1  	if args.collapsible then 		titleArg = 2 		if not args.plain then 			args.mini = 1 		end 		if args.f...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30864</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2517" sha1="9d4ism2psi1oucu9pnyveg4m6i2oobx" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

local getArgs

function p._navbar(args)
	local titleArg = 1

	if args.collapsible then
		titleArg = 2
		if not args.plain then
			args.mini = 1
		end
		if args.fontcolor then
			args.fontstyle = 'color:' .. args.fontcolor .. ';'
		end
		args.style = 'float:left; text-align:left'
	end

	local titleText = args[titleArg] or (':' .. mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent():getTitle())
	local title = mw.title.new(mw.text.trim(titleText), 'Template');

	if not title then
		error('Invalid title ' .. titleText)
	end

	local talkpage = title.talkPageTitle and title.talkPageTitle.fullText or '';

	local div = mw.html.create():tag('div')
	div
		:addClass('plainlinks')
		:addClass('hlist')
		:addClass('navbar')
		:cssText(args.style)

	if args.mini then div:addClass('mini') end

	if not (args.mini or args.plain) then
		div
			:tag('span')
				:css('word-spacing', 0)
				:cssText(args.fontstyle)
				:wikitext(args.text or 'This box:')
				:wikitext(' ')
	end

	if args.brackets then
		div
			:tag('span')
				:css('margin-right', '-0.125em')
				:cssText(args.fontstyle)
				:wikitext('&amp;#91; ')
	end

	local ul = div:tag('ul');

	ul
		:tag('li')
			:addClass('nv-view')
			:wikitext('[[' .. title.fullText .. '|')
			:tag(args.mini and 'abbr' or 'span')
				:attr('title', 'View this template')
				:cssText(args.fontstyle)
				:wikitext(args.mini and 'v' or 'view')
				:done()
			:wikitext(']]')
			:done()
		:tag('li')
			:addClass('nv-talk')
			:wikitext('[[' .. talkpage .. '|')
			:tag(args.mini and 'abbr' or 'span')
				:attr('title', 'Discuss this template')
				:cssText(args.fontstyle)
				:wikitext(args.mini and 't' or 'talk')
				:done()
			:wikitext(']]');

	if not args.noedit then
		ul
			:tag('li')
				:addClass('nv-edit')
				:wikitext('[' .. title:fullUrl('action=edit') .. ' ')
				:tag(args.mini and 'abbr' or 'span')
					:attr('title', 'Edit this template')
					:cssText(args.fontstyle)
					:wikitext(args.mini and 'e' or 'edit')
					:done()
				:wikitext(']');
	end

	if args.brackets then
		div
			:tag('span')
				:css('margin-left', '-0.125em')
				:cssText(args.fontstyle)
				:wikitext(' &amp;#93;')
	end

	if args.collapsible then
		div
			:done()
		:tag('div')
			:css('font-size', '114%')
			:css('margin', args.mini and '0 4em' or '0 7em')
			:cssText(args.fontstyle)
			:wikitext(args[1])
	end

	return tostring(div:done())
end

function p.navbar(frame)
	if not getArgs then
		getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
	end
	return p._navbar(getArgs(frame))
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>9d4ism2psi1oucu9pnyveg4m6i2oobx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Message box</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4994</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39871</id>
      <parentid>30865</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-01-07T03:06:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legoktm</username>
        <id>203</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Replacing Module:No globals with require('strict') ([[m:User:Legoktm/No globals|more info]]) #noglobals</comment>
      <origin>39871</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="16796" sha1="lhsaii7jc882grn1rt9nqvo5wibmxzw" xml:space="preserve">-- This is a meta-module for producing message box templates, including
-- {{mbox}}, {{ambox}}, {{imbox}}, {{tmbox}}, {{ombox}}, {{cmbox}} and {{fmbox}}.

-- Load necessary modules.
require('strict')
local getArgs
local categoryHandler = require('Module:Category handler')._main
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')

-- Get a language object for formatDate and ucfirst.
local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()

-- Define constants
local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Message box/configuration'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function getTitleObject(...)
	-- Get the title object, passing the function through pcall
	-- in case we are over the expensive function count limit.
	local success, title = pcall(mw.title.new, ...)
	if success then
		return title
	end
end

local function union(t1, t2)
	-- Returns the union of two arrays.
	local vals = {}
	for i, v in ipairs(t1) do
		vals[v] = true
	end
	for i, v in ipairs(t2) do
		vals[v] = true
	end
	local ret = {}
	for k in pairs(vals) do
		table.insert(ret, k)
	end
	table.sort(ret)
	return ret
end

local function getArgNums(args, prefix)
	local nums = {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		local num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$')
		if num then
			table.insert(nums, tonumber(num))
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	return nums
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Box class definition
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local MessageBox = {}
MessageBox.__index = MessageBox

function MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfg)
	args = args or {}
	local obj = {}

	-- Set the title object and the namespace.
	obj.title = getTitleObject(args.page) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle()

	-- Set the config for our box type.
	obj.cfg = cfg[boxType]
	if not obj.cfg then
		local ns = obj.title.namespace
		-- boxType is &quot;mbox&quot; or invalid input
		if ns == 0 then
			obj.cfg = cfg.ambox -- main namespace
		elseif ns == 6 then
			obj.cfg = cfg.imbox -- file namespace
		elseif ns == 14 then
			obj.cfg = cfg.cmbox -- category namespace
		else
			local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[ns]
			if nsTable and nsTable.isTalk then
				obj.cfg = cfg.tmbox -- any talk namespace
			else
				obj.cfg = cfg.ombox -- other namespaces or invalid input
			end
		end
	end

	-- Set the arguments, and remove all blank arguments except for the ones
	-- listed in cfg.allowBlankParams.
	do
		local newArgs = {}
		for k, v in pairs(args) do
			if v ~= '' then
				newArgs[k] = v
			end
		end
		for i, param in ipairs(obj.cfg.allowBlankParams or {}) do
			newArgs[param] = args[param]
		end
		obj.args = newArgs
	end

	-- Define internal data structure.
	obj.categories = {}
	obj.classes = {}

	return setmetatable(obj, MessageBox)
end

function MessageBox:addCat(ns, cat, sort)
	if not cat then
		return nil
	end
	if sort then
		cat = string.format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', cat, sort)
	else
		cat = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat)
	end
	self.categories[ns] = self.categories[ns] or {}
	table.insert(self.categories[ns], cat)
end

function MessageBox:addClass(class)
	if not class then
		return nil
	end
	table.insert(self.classes, class)
end

function MessageBox:setParameters()
	local args = self.args
	local cfg = self.cfg

	-- Get type data.
	self.type = args.type
	local typeData = cfg.types[self.type]
	self.invalidTypeError = cfg.showInvalidTypeError
		and self.type
		and not typeData
	typeData = typeData or cfg.types[cfg.default]
	self.typeClass = typeData.class
	self.typeImage = typeData.image

	-- Find if the box has been wrongly substituted.
	self.isSubstituted = cfg.substCheck and args.subst == 'SUBST'

	-- Find whether we are using a small message box.
	self.isSmall = cfg.allowSmall and (
		cfg.smallParam and args.small == cfg.smallParam
		or not cfg.smallParam and yesno(args.small)
	)

	-- Add attributes, classes and styles.
	self.id = args.id
	if yesno(args.plainlinks) ~= false then
		self:addClass('plainlinks')
	end
	for _, class in ipairs(cfg.classes or {}) do
		self:addClass(class)
	end
	if self.isSmall then
		self:addClass(cfg.smallClass or 'mbox-small')
	end
	self:addClass(self.typeClass)
	self:addClass(args.class)
	self.style = args.style
	self.attrs = args.attrs

	-- Set text style.
	self.textstyle = args.textstyle

	-- Find if we are on the template page or not. This functionality is only
	-- used if useCollapsibleTextFields is set, or if both cfg.templateCategory
	-- and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName are set.
	self.useCollapsibleTextFields = cfg.useCollapsibleTextFields
	if self.useCollapsibleTextFields
		or cfg.templateCategory
		and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName
	then
		self.name = args.name
		if self.name then
			local templateName = mw.ustring.match(
				self.name,
				'^[tT][eE][mM][pP][lL][aA][tT][eE][%s_]*:[%s_]*(.*)$'
			) or self.name
			templateName = 'Template:' .. templateName
			self.templateTitle = getTitleObject(templateName)
		end
		self.isTemplatePage = self.templateTitle
			and mw.title.equals(self.title, self.templateTitle)
	end

	-- Process data for collapsible text fields. At the moment these are only
	-- used in {{ambox}}.
	if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then
		-- Get the self.issue value.
		if self.isSmall and args.smalltext then
			self.issue = args.smalltext
		else
			local sect
			if args.sect == '' then
				sect = 'This ' .. (cfg.sectionDefault or 'page')
			elseif type(args.sect) == 'string' then
				sect = 'This ' .. args.sect
			end
			local issue = args.issue
			issue = type(issue) == 'string' and issue ~= '' and issue or nil
			local text = args.text
			text = type(text) == 'string' and text or nil
			local issues = {}
			table.insert(issues, sect)
			table.insert(issues, issue)
			table.insert(issues, text)
			self.issue = table.concat(issues, ' ')
		end

		-- Get the self.talk value.
		local talk = args.talk
		-- Show talk links on the template page or template subpages if the talk
		-- parameter is blank.
		if talk == ''
			and self.templateTitle
			and (
				mw.title.equals(self.templateTitle, self.title)
				or self.title:isSubpageOf(self.templateTitle)
			)
		then
			talk = '#'
		elseif talk == '' then
			talk = nil
		end
		if talk then
			-- If the talk value is a talk page, make a link to that page. Else
			-- assume that it's a section heading, and make a link to the talk
			-- page of the current page with that section heading.
			local talkTitle = getTitleObject(talk)
			local talkArgIsTalkPage = true
			if not talkTitle or not talkTitle.isTalkPage then
				talkArgIsTalkPage = false
				talkTitle = getTitleObject(
					self.title.text,
					mw.site.namespaces[self.title.namespace].talk.id
				)
			end
			if talkTitle and talkTitle.exists then
				local talkText = 'Relevant discussion may be found on'
				if talkArgIsTalkPage then
					talkText = string.format(
						'%s [[%s|%s]].',
						talkText,
						talk,
						talkTitle.prefixedText
					)
				else
					talkText = string.format(
						'%s the [[%s#%s|talk page]].',
						talkText,
						talkTitle.prefixedText,
						talk
					)
				end
				self.talk = talkText
			end
		end

		-- Get other values.
		self.fix = args.fix ~= '' and args.fix or nil
		local date
		if args.date and args.date ~= '' then
			date = args.date
		elseif args.date == '' and self.isTemplatePage then
			date = lang:formatDate('F Y')
		end
		if date then
			self.date = string.format(&quot; &lt;small&gt;''(%s)''&lt;/small&gt;&quot;, date)
		end
		self.info = args.info
		if yesno(args.removalnotice) then
			self.removalNotice = cfg.removalNotice
		end
	end

	-- Set the non-collapsible text field. At the moment this is used by all box
	-- types other than ambox, and also by ambox when small=yes.
	if self.isSmall then
		self.text = args.smalltext or args.text
	else
		self.text = args.text
	end

	-- Set the below row.
	self.below = cfg.below and args.below

	-- General image settings.
	self.imageCellDiv = not self.isSmall and cfg.imageCellDiv
	self.imageEmptyCell = cfg.imageEmptyCell
	if cfg.imageEmptyCellStyle then
		self.imageEmptyCellStyle = 'border:none;padding:0px;width:1px'
	end

	-- Left image settings.
	local imageLeft = self.isSmall and args.smallimage or args.image
	if cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'blank' and imageLeft ~= 'none'
		or not cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'none'
	then
		self.imageLeft = imageLeft
		if not imageLeft then
			local imageSize = self.isSmall
				and (cfg.imageSmallSize or '30x30px')
				or '40x40px'
			self.imageLeft = string.format('[[File:%s|%s|link=|alt=]]', self.typeImage
				or 'Imbox notice.png', imageSize)
		end
	end

	-- Right image settings.
	local imageRight = self.isSmall and args.smallimageright or args.imageright
	if not (cfg.imageRightNone and imageRight == 'none') then
		self.imageRight = imageRight
	end
end

function MessageBox:setMainspaceCategories()
	local args = self.args
	local cfg = self.cfg

	if not cfg.allowMainspaceCategories then
		return nil
	end

	local nums = {}
	for _, prefix in ipairs{'cat', 'category', 'all'} do
		args[prefix .. '1'] = args[prefix]
		nums = union(nums, getArgNums(args, prefix))
	end

	-- The following is roughly equivalent to the old {{Ambox/category}}.
	local date = args.date
	date = type(date) == 'string' and date
	local preposition = 'from'
	for _, num in ipairs(nums) do
		local mainCat = args['cat' .. tostring(num)]
			or args['category' .. tostring(num)]
		local allCat = args['all' .. tostring(num)]
		mainCat = type(mainCat) == 'string' and mainCat
		allCat = type(allCat) == 'string' and allCat
		if mainCat and date and date ~= '' then
			local catTitle = string.format('%s %s %s', mainCat, preposition, date)
			self:addCat(0, catTitle)
			catTitle = getTitleObject('Category:' .. catTitle)
			if not catTitle or not catTitle.exists then
				self:addCat(0, 'Articles with invalid date parameter in template')
			end
		elseif mainCat and (not date or date == '') then
			self:addCat(0, mainCat)
		end
		if allCat then
			self:addCat(0, allCat)
		end
	end
end

function MessageBox:setTemplateCategories()
	local args = self.args
	local cfg = self.cfg

	-- Add template categories.
	if cfg.templateCategory then
		if cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then
			if self.isTemplatePage then
				self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory)
			end
		elseif not self.title.isSubpage then
			self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory)
		end
	end

	-- Add template error categories.
	if cfg.templateErrorCategory then
		local templateErrorCategory = cfg.templateErrorCategory
		local templateCat, templateSort
		if not self.name and not self.title.isSubpage then
			templateCat = templateErrorCategory
		elseif self.isTemplatePage then
			local paramsToCheck = cfg.templateErrorParamsToCheck or {}
			local count = 0
			for i, param in ipairs(paramsToCheck) do
				if not args[param] then
					count = count + 1
				end
			end
			if count &gt; 0 then
				templateCat = templateErrorCategory
				templateSort = tostring(count)
			end
			if self.categoryNums and #self.categoryNums &gt; 0 then
				templateCat = templateErrorCategory
				templateSort = 'C'
			end
		end
		self:addCat(10, templateCat, templateSort)
	end
end

function MessageBox:setAllNamespaceCategories()
	-- Set categories for all namespaces.
	if self.invalidTypeError then
		local allSort = (self.title.namespace == 0 and 'Main:' or '') .. self.title.prefixedText
		self:addCat('all', 'Wikipedia message box parameter needs fixing', allSort)
	end
	if self.isSubstituted then
		self:addCat('all', 'Pages with incorrectly substituted templates')
	end
end

function MessageBox:setCategories()
	if self.title.namespace == 0 then
		self:setMainspaceCategories()
	elseif self.title.namespace == 10 then
		self:setTemplateCategories()
	end
	self:setAllNamespaceCategories()
end

function MessageBox:renderCategories()
	-- Convert category tables to strings and pass them through
	-- [[Module:Category handler]].
	return categoryHandler{
		main = table.concat(self.categories[0] or {}),
		template = table.concat(self.categories[10] or {}),
		all = table.concat(self.categories.all or {}),
		nocat = self.args.nocat,
		page = self.args.page
	}
end

function MessageBox:export()
	local root = mw.html.create()

	-- Add the subst check error.
	if self.isSubstituted and self.name then
		root:tag('b')
			:addClass('error')
			:wikitext(string.format(
				'Template &lt;code&gt;%s[[Template:%s|%s]]%s&lt;/code&gt; has been incorrectly substituted.',
				mw.text.nowiki('{{'), self.name, self.name, mw.text.nowiki('}}')
			))
	end

	-- Create the box table.
	local boxTable = root:tag('table')
	boxTable:attr('id', self.id or nil)
	for i, class in ipairs(self.classes or {}) do
		boxTable:addClass(class or nil)
	end
	boxTable
		:cssText(self.style or nil)
		:attr('role', 'presentation')

	if self.attrs then
		boxTable:attr(self.attrs)
	end

	-- Add the left-hand image.
	local row = boxTable:tag('tr')
	if self.imageLeft then
		local imageLeftCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-image')
		if self.imageCellDiv then
			-- If we are using a div, redefine imageLeftCell so that the image
			-- is inside it. Divs use style=&quot;width: 52px;&quot;, which limits the
			-- image width to 52px. If any images in a div are wider than that,
			-- they may overlap with the text or cause other display problems.
			imageLeftCell = imageLeftCell:tag('div'):css('width', '52px')
		end
		imageLeftCell:wikitext(self.imageLeft or nil)
	elseif self.imageEmptyCell then
		-- Some message boxes define an empty cell if no image is specified, and
		-- some don't. The old template code in templates where empty cells are
		-- specified gives the following hint: &quot;No image. Cell with some width
		-- or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width.&quot;
		row:tag('td')
			:addClass('mbox-empty-cell')
			:cssText(self.imageEmptyCellStyle or nil)
	end

	-- Add the text.
	local textCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-text')
	if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then
		-- The message box uses advanced text parameters that allow things to be
		-- collapsible. At the moment, only ambox uses this.
		textCell:cssText(self.textstyle or nil)
		local textCellDiv = textCell:tag('div')
		textCellDiv
			:addClass('mbox-text-span')
			:wikitext(self.issue or nil)
		if (self.talk or self.fix) and not self.isSmall then
			textCellDiv:tag('span')
				:addClass('hide-when-compact')
				:wikitext(self.talk and (' ' .. self.talk) or nil)
				:wikitext(self.fix and (' ' .. self.fix) or nil)
		end
		textCellDiv:wikitext(self.date and (' ' .. self.date) or nil)
		if self.info and not self.isSmall then
			textCellDiv
				:tag('span')
				:addClass('hide-when-compact')
				:wikitext(self.info and (' ' .. self.info) or nil)
		end
		if self.removalNotice then
			textCellDiv:tag('small')
				:addClass('hide-when-compact')
				:tag('i')
					:wikitext(string.format(&quot; (%s)&quot;, self.removalNotice))
		end
	else
		-- Default text formatting - anything goes.
		textCell
			:cssText(self.textstyle or nil)
			:wikitext(self.text or nil)
	end

	-- Add the right-hand image.
	if self.imageRight then
		local imageRightCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-imageright')
		if self.imageCellDiv then
			-- If we are using a div, redefine imageRightCell so that the image
			-- is inside it.
			imageRightCell = imageRightCell:tag('div'):css('width', '52px')
		end
		imageRightCell
			:wikitext(self.imageRight or nil)
	end

	-- Add the below row.
	if self.below then
		boxTable:tag('tr')
			:tag('td')
				:attr('colspan', self.imageRight and '3' or '2')
				:addClass('mbox-text')
				:cssText(self.textstyle or nil)
				:wikitext(self.below or nil)
	end

	-- Add error message for invalid type parameters.
	if self.invalidTypeError then
		root:tag('div')
			:css('text-align', 'center')
			:wikitext(string.format(
				'This message box is using an invalid &quot;type=%s&quot; parameter and needs fixing.',
				self.type or ''
			))
	end

	-- Add categories.
	root:wikitext(self:renderCategories() or nil)

	return tostring(root)
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Exports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local p, mt = {}, {}

function p._exportClasses()
	-- For testing.
	return {
		MessageBox = MessageBox
	}
end

function p.main(boxType, args, cfgTables)
	local box = MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfgTables or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE))
	box:setParameters()
	box:setCategories()
	return box:export()
end

function mt.__index(t, k)
	return function (frame)
		if not getArgs then
			getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
		end
		return t.main(k, getArgs(frame, {trim = false, removeBlanks = false}))
	end
end

return setmetatable(p, mt)</text>
      <sha1>lhsaii7jc882grn1rt9nqvo5wibmxzw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Category handler</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4995</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30866</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:17:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --                                                                            -- --...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30866</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="7871" sha1="letwavu3yvlayfzew66uuwixmwebq5b" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                                                            --
--                              CATEGORY HANDLER                              --
--                                                                            --
--      This module implements the {{category handler}} template in Lua,      --
--      with a few improvements: all namespaces and all namespace aliases     --
--      are supported, and namespace names are detected automatically for     --
--      the local wiki. This module requires [[Module:Namespace detect]]      --
--      and [[Module:Yesno]] to be available on the local wiki. It can be     --
--      configured for different wikis by altering the values in              --
--      [[Module:Category handler/config]], and pages can be blacklisted      --
--      from categorisation by using [[Module:Category handler/blacklist]].   --
--                                                                            --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Load required modules
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')

-- Lazily load things we don't always need
local mShared, mappings

local p = {}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function trimWhitespace(s, removeBlanks)
	if type(s) ~= 'string' then
		return s
	end
	s = s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
	if removeBlanks then
		if s ~= '' then
			return s
		else
			return nil
		end
	else
		return s
	end
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- CategoryHandler class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local CategoryHandler = {}
CategoryHandler.__index = CategoryHandler

function CategoryHandler.new(data, args)
	local obj = setmetatable({ _data = data, _args = args }, CategoryHandler)
	
	-- Set the title object
	do
		local pagename = obj:parameter('demopage')
		local success, titleObj
		if pagename then
			success, titleObj = pcall(mw.title.new, pagename)
		end
		if success and titleObj then
			obj.title = titleObj
			if titleObj == mw.title.getCurrentTitle() then
				obj._usesCurrentTitle = true
			end
		else
			obj.title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
			obj._usesCurrentTitle = true
		end
	end

	-- Set suppression parameter values
	for _, key in ipairs{'nocat', 'categories'} do
		local value = obj:parameter(key)
		value = trimWhitespace(value, true)
		obj['_' .. key] = yesno(value)
	end
	do
		local subpage = obj:parameter('subpage')
		local category2 = obj:parameter('category2')
		if type(subpage) == 'string' then
			subpage = mw.ustring.lower(subpage)
		end
		if type(category2) == 'string' then
			subpage = mw.ustring.lower(category2)
		end
		obj._subpage = trimWhitespace(subpage, true)
		obj._category2 = trimWhitespace(category2) -- don't remove blank values
	end
	return obj
end

function CategoryHandler:parameter(key)
	local parameterNames = self._data.parameters[key]
	local pntype = type(parameterNames)
	if pntype == 'string' or pntype == 'number' then
		return self._args[parameterNames]
	elseif pntype == 'table' then
		for _, name in ipairs(parameterNames) do
			local value = self._args[name]
			if value ~= nil then
				return value
			end
		end
		return nil
	else
		error(string.format(
			'invalid config key &quot;%s&quot;',
			tostring(key)
		), 2)
	end
end

function CategoryHandler:isSuppressedByArguments()
	return
		-- See if a category suppression argument has been set.
		self._nocat == true
		or self._categories == false
		or (
			self._category2
			and self._category2 ~= self._data.category2Yes
			and self._category2 ~= self._data.category2Negative
		)

		-- Check whether we are on a subpage, and see if categories are
		-- suppressed based on our subpage status.
		or self._subpage == self._data.subpageNo and self.title.isSubpage
		or self._subpage == self._data.subpageOnly and not self.title.isSubpage
end

function CategoryHandler:shouldSkipBlacklistCheck()
	-- Check whether the category suppression arguments indicate we
	-- should skip the blacklist check.
	return self._nocat == false
		or self._categories == true
		or self._category2 == self._data.category2Yes
end

function CategoryHandler:matchesBlacklist()
	if self._usesCurrentTitle then
		return self._data.currentTitleMatchesBlacklist
	else
		mShared = mShared or require('Module:Category handler/shared')
		return mShared.matchesBlacklist(
			self.title.prefixedText,
			mw.loadData('Module:Category handler/blacklist')
		)
	end
end

function CategoryHandler:isSuppressed()
	-- Find if categories are suppressed by either the arguments or by
	-- matching the blacklist.
	return self:isSuppressedByArguments()
		or not self:shouldSkipBlacklistCheck() and self:matchesBlacklist()
end

function CategoryHandler:getNamespaceParameters()
	if self._usesCurrentTitle then
		return self._data.currentTitleNamespaceParameters
	else
		if not mappings then
			mShared = mShared or require('Module:Category handler/shared')
			mappings = mShared.getParamMappings(true) -- gets mappings with mw.loadData
		end
		return mShared.getNamespaceParameters(
			self.title,
			mappings
		)
	end
end

function CategoryHandler:namespaceParametersExist()
	-- Find whether any namespace parameters have been specified.
	-- We use the order &quot;all&quot; --&gt; namespace params --&gt; &quot;other&quot; as this is what
	-- the old template did.
	if self:parameter('all') then
		return true
	end
	if not mappings then
		mShared = mShared or require('Module:Category handler/shared')
		mappings = mShared.getParamMappings(true) -- gets mappings with mw.loadData
	end
	for ns, params in pairs(mappings) do
		for i, param in ipairs(params) do
			if self._args[param] then
				return true
			end
		end
	end
	if self:parameter('other') then
		return true
	end
	return false
end

function CategoryHandler:getCategories()
	local params = self:getNamespaceParameters()
	local nsCategory
	for i, param in ipairs(params) do
		local value = self._args[param]
		if value ~= nil then
			nsCategory = value
			break
		end
	end
	if nsCategory ~= nil or self:namespaceParametersExist() then
		-- Namespace parameters exist - advanced usage.
		if nsCategory == nil then
			nsCategory = self:parameter('other')
		end
		local ret = {self:parameter('all')}
		local numParam = tonumber(nsCategory)
		if numParam and numParam &gt;= 1 and math.floor(numParam) == numParam then
			-- nsCategory is an integer
			ret[#ret + 1] = self._args[numParam]
		else
			ret[#ret + 1] = nsCategory
		end
		if #ret &lt; 1 then
			return nil
		else
			return table.concat(ret)
		end
	elseif self._data.defaultNamespaces[self.title.namespace] then
		-- Namespace parameters don't exist, simple usage.
		return self._args[1]
	end
	return nil
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Exports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local p = {}

function p._exportClasses()
	-- Used for testing purposes.
	return {
		CategoryHandler = CategoryHandler
	}
end

function p._main(args, data)
	data = data or mw.loadData('Module:Category handler/data')
	local handler = CategoryHandler.new(data, args)
	if handler:isSuppressed() then
		return nil
	end
	return handler:getCategories()
end

function p.main(frame, data)
	data = data or mw.loadData('Module:Category handler/data')
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {
		wrappers = data.wrappers,
		valueFunc = function (k, v)
			v = trimWhitespace(v)
			if type(k) == 'number' then
				if v ~= '' then
					return v
				else
					return nil
				end
			else
				return v
			end
		end
	})
	return p._main(args, data)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>letwavu3yvlayfzew66uuwixmwebq5b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Yesno</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4996</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39097</id>
      <parentid>30867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-11-04T22:09:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zulf</username>
        <id>8906</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q15098140|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]]</comment>
      <origin>39097</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="745" sha1="swdskn7svew8i9wuydn9uj5l3r2ghcs" xml:space="preserve">-- Function allowing for consistent treatment of boolean-like wikitext input.
-- It works similarly to the template {{yesno}}.

return function (val, default)
	-- If your wiki uses non-ascii characters for any of &quot;yes&quot;, &quot;no&quot;, etc., you
	-- should replace &quot;val:lower()&quot; with &quot;mw.ustring.lower(val)&quot; in the
	-- following line.
	val = type(val) == 'string' and val:lower() or val
	if val == nil then
		return nil
	elseif val == true 
		or val == 'yes'
		or val == 'y'
		or val == 'true'
		or val == 't'
		or val == 'on'
		or tonumber(val) == 1
	then
		return true
	elseif val == false
		or val == 'no'
		or val == 'n'
		or val == 'false'
		or val == 'f'
		or val == 'off'
		or tonumber(val) == 0
	then
		return false
	else
		return default
	end
end</text>
      <sha1>swdskn7svew8i9wuydn9uj5l3r2ghcs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Message box/configuration</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4997</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30868</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:20:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --                          Message box configuration                         -- --...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30868</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6091" sha1="16xsc67jviirmw0nf2yuxvotqd7rygq" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                          Message box configuration                         --
--                                                                            --
-- This module contains configuration data for [[Module:Message box]].        --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

return {
	ambox = {
		types = {
			speedy = {
				class = 'ambox-speedy',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			delete = {
				class = 'ambox-delete',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			content = {
				class = 'ambox-content',
				image = 'Ambox important.svg'
			},
			style = {
				class = 'ambox-style',
				image = 'Edit-clear.svg'
			},
			move = {
				class = 'ambox-move',
				image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg'
			},
			protection = {
				class = 'ambox-protection',
				image = 'Padlock-silver-medium.svg'
			},
			notice = {
				class = 'ambox-notice',
				image = 'Information icon4.svg'
			}
		},
		default                     = 'notice',
		allowBlankParams            = {'talk', 'sect', 'date', 'issue', 'fix', 'subst', 'hidden'},
		allowSmall                  = true,
		smallParam                  = 'left',
		smallClass                  = 'mbox-small-left',
		substCheck                  = true,
		classes                     = {'metadata', 'ambox'},
		imageEmptyCell              = true,
		imageCheckBlank             = true,
		imageSmallSize              = '20x20px',
		imageCellDiv                = true,
		useCollapsibleTextFields    = true,
		imageRightNone              = true,
		sectionDefault              = 'article',
		allowMainspaceCategories    = true,
		templateCategory            = 'Article message templates',
	        templateCategoryRequireName = true,
		templateErrorCategory       = 'Article message templates with missing parameters',
		templateErrorParamsToCheck  = {'issue', 'fix', 'subst'},
		removalNotice               = '[[Help:Maintenance template removal|Learn how and when to remove this template message]]'
	},
	
	cmbox = {
		types = {
			speedy = {
				class = 'cmbox-speedy',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			delete = {
				class = 'cmbox-delete',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			content = {
				class = 'cmbox-content',
				image = 'Ambox important.svg'
			},
			style = {
				class = 'cmbox-style',
				image = 'Edit-clear.svg'
			},
			move = {
				class = 'cmbox-move',
				image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg'
			},
			protection = {
				class = 'cmbox-protection',
				image = 'Padlock-silver-medium.svg'
			},
			notice = {
				class = 'cmbox-notice',
				image = 'Information icon4.svg'
			}
		},
		default              = 'notice',
		showInvalidTypeError = true,
		classes              = {'cmbox'},
		imageEmptyCell       = true
	},
	
	fmbox = {
		types = {
			warning = {
				class = 'fmbox-warning',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			editnotice = {
				class = 'fmbox-editnotice',
				image = 'Information icon4.svg'
			},
			system = {
				class = 'fmbox-system',
				image = 'Information icon4.svg'
			}
		},
		default              = 'system',
		showInvalidTypeError = true,
		classes              = {'fmbox'},
		imageEmptyCell       = false,
		imageRightNone       = false
	},
	
	imbox = {
		types = {
			speedy = {
				class = 'imbox-speedy',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			delete = {
				class = 'imbox-delete',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			content = {
				class = 'imbox-content',
				image = 'Ambox important.svg'
			},
			style = {
				class = 'imbox-style',
				image = 'Edit-clear.svg'
			},
			move = {
				class = 'imbox-move',
				image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg'
			},
			protection = {
				class = 'imbox-protection',
				image = 'Padlock-silver-medium.svg'
			},
			license = {
				class = 'imbox-license licensetpl',
				image = 'Imbox license.png' -- @todo We need an SVG version of this
			},
			featured = {
				class = 'imbox-featured',
				image = 'Cscr-featured.svg'
			},
			notice = {
				class = 'imbox-notice',
				image = 'Information icon4.svg'
			}
		},
		default              = 'notice',
		showInvalidTypeError = true,
		classes              = {'imbox'},
		imageEmptyCell       = true,
		below                = true,
		templateCategory     = 'File message boxes'
	},
	
	ombox = {
		types = {
			speedy = {
				class = 'ombox-speedy',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			delete = {
				class = 'ombox-delete',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			content = {
				class = 'ombox-content',
				image = 'Ambox important.svg'
			},
			style = {
				class = 'ombox-style',
				image = 'Edit-clear.svg'
			},
			move = {
				class = 'ombox-move',
				image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg'
			},
			protection = {
				class = 'ombox-protection',
				image = 'Padlock-silver-medium.svg'
			},
			notice = {
				class = 'ombox-notice',
				image = 'Information icon4.svg'
			}
		},
		default              = 'notice',
		showInvalidTypeError = true,
		classes              = {'ombox'},
		allowSmall           = true,
		imageEmptyCell       = true,
		imageRightNone       = true
	},
	
	tmbox = {
		types = {
			speedy = {
				class = 'tmbox-speedy',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			delete = {
				class = 'tmbox-delete',
				image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg'
			},
			content = {
				class = 'tmbox-content',
				image = 'Ambox important.svg'
			},
			style = {
				class = 'tmbox-style',
				image = 'Edit-clear.svg'
			},
			move = {
				class = 'tmbox-move',
				image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg'
			},
			protection = {
				class = 'tmbox-protection',
				image = 'Padlock-silver-medium.svg'
			},
			notice = {
				class = 'tmbox-notice',
				image = 'Information icon4.svg'
			}
		},
		default              = 'notice',
		showInvalidTypeError = true,
		classes              = {'tmbox'},
		allowSmall           = true,
		imageRightNone       = true,
		imageEmptyCell       = true,
		imageEmptyCellStyle  = true,
		templateCategory     = 'Talk message boxes'
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>16xsc67jviirmw0nf2yuxvotqd7rygq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Category handler/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4998</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30869</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:21:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module assembles data to be passed to [[Module:Category handler]] using -- mw.loadData. This includes the configuration data and whether the current -- page matches th...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30869</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="631" sha1="k26mwixuaeijisfddb0sxkg82iux8v4" xml:space="preserve">-- This module assembles data to be passed to [[Module:Category handler]] using
-- mw.loadData. This includes the configuration data and whether the current
-- page matches the title blacklist.

local data = require('Module:Category handler/config')
local mShared = require('Module:Category handler/shared')
local blacklist = require('Module:Category handler/blacklist')
local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()

data.currentTitleMatchesBlacklist = mShared.matchesBlacklist(
	title.prefixedText,
	blacklist
)

data.currentTitleNamespaceParameters = mShared.getNamespaceParameters(
	title,
	mShared.getParamMappings()
)

return data</text>
      <sha1>k26mwixuaeijisfddb0sxkg82iux8v4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Category handler/config</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4999</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30870</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:23:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --            [[Module:Category handler]] configuration data                  -- --       Lang...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30870</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5755" sha1="6ga9hbq2pdwalsvx68i53dmbr421rq5" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--            [[Module:Category handler]] configuration data                  --
--       Language-specific parameter names and values can be set here.        --
--       For blacklist config, see [[Module:Category handler/blacklist]].     --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local cfg = {} -- Don't edit this line.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                       Start configuration data                             --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Parameter names                               --
-- These configuration items specify custom parameter names.                  --
-- To add one extra name, you can use this format:                            --
--                                                                            --
-- foo = 'parameter name',                                                    --
--                                                                            --
-- To add multiple names, you can use this format:                            --
--                                                                            --
-- foo = {'parameter name 1', 'parameter name 2', 'parameter name 3'},        --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cfg.parameters = {
	
	-- The nocat and categories parameter suppress
	-- categorisation. They are used with Module:Yesno, and work as follows:
	--
	-- cfg.nocat:
	-- Result of yesno()                        Effect
	-- true                                     Categorisation is suppressed
	-- false                                    Categorisation is allowed, and
	--                                          the blacklist check is skipped
	-- nil                                      Categorisation is allowed
	--
	-- cfg.categories:
	-- Result of yesno()                        Effect
	-- true                                     Categorisation is allowed, and
	--                                          the blacklist check is skipped
	-- false                                    Categorisation is suppressed
	-- nil                                      Categorisation is allowed
	nocat = 'nocat',
	categories = 'categories',
	
	-- The parameter name for the legacy &quot;category2&quot; parameter. This skips the
	-- blacklist if set to the cfg.category2Yes value, and suppresses
	-- categorisation if present but equal to anything other than
	-- cfg.category2Yes or cfg.category2Negative.
	category2 = 'category2',
	
	-- cfg.subpage is the parameter name to specify how to behave on subpages.
	subpage = 'subpage',
	
	-- The parameter for data to return in all namespaces.
	all = 'all',
	
	-- The parameter name for data to return if no data is specified for the
	-- namespace that is detected.
	other = 'other',
	
	-- The parameter name used to specify a page other than the current page;
	-- used for testing and demonstration.
	demopage = 'page',
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Parameter values                              --
-- These are set values that can be used with certain parameters. Only one    --
-- value can be specified, like this:                                         --
--                                                                            --
-- cfg.foo = 'value name'                                                     --                                               --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- The following settings are used with the cfg.category2 parameter. Setting
-- cfg.category2 to cfg.category2Yes skips the blacklist, and if cfg.category2
-- is present but equal to anything other than cfg.category2Yes or
-- cfg.category2Negative then it supresses cateogrisation.
cfg.category2Yes = 'yes'
cfg.category2Negative = '¬'

-- The following settings are used with the cfg.subpage parameter.
-- cfg.subpageNo is the value to specify to not categorise on subpages;
-- cfg.subpageOnly is the value to specify to only categorise on subpages.
cfg.subpageNo = 'no'
cfg.subpageOnly = 'only'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                           Default namespaces                               --
-- This is a table of namespaces to categorise by default. The keys are the   --
-- namespace numbers.                                                         --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cfg.defaultNamespaces = {
	[  0] = true, -- main
	[  6] = true, -- file
	[ 12] = true, -- help
	[ 14] = true, -- category
	[100] = true, -- portal
	[108] = true, -- book
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                Wrappers                                    --
-- This is a wrapper template or a list of wrapper templates to be passed to  --
-- [[Module:Arguments]].                                                      --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cfg.wrappers = 'Template:Category handler'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                           End configuration data                           --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

return cfg -- Don't edit this line.</text>
      <sha1>6ga9hbq2pdwalsvx68i53dmbr421rq5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Category handler/shared</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5000</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30871</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:24:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module contains shared functions used by [[Module:Category handler]] -- and its submodules.  local p = {}  function p.matchesBlacklist(page, blacklist) 	for i, pattern...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30871</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="888" sha1="omlsnhudxz6juptvtxz7ns97jutbzc5" xml:space="preserve">-- This module contains shared functions used by [[Module:Category handler]]
-- and its submodules.

local p = {}

function p.matchesBlacklist(page, blacklist)
	for i, pattern in ipairs(blacklist) do
		local match = mw.ustring.match(page, pattern)
		if match then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end

function p.getParamMappings(useLoadData)
	local dataPage = 'Module:Namespace detect/data'
	if useLoadData then
		return mw.loadData(dataPage).mappings
	else
		return require(dataPage).mappings
	end
end

function p.getNamespaceParameters(titleObj, mappings)
	-- We don't use title.nsText for the namespace name because it adds
	-- underscores.
	local mappingsKey
	if titleObj.isTalkPage then
		mappingsKey = 'talk'
	else
		mappingsKey = mw.site.namespaces[titleObj.namespace].name
	end
	mappingsKey = mw.ustring.lower(mappingsKey)
	return mappings[mappingsKey] or {}
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>omlsnhudxz6juptvtxz7ns97jutbzc5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Category handler/blacklist</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5001</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30872</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:25:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module contains the blacklist used by [[Module:Category handler]]. -- Pages that match Lua patterns in this list will not be categorised unless -- categorisation is ex...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30872</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="764" sha1="hwue3i1eua4tsdxlsbcs4f5syudywbe" xml:space="preserve">-- This module contains the blacklist used by [[Module:Category handler]].
-- Pages that match Lua patterns in this list will not be categorised unless
-- categorisation is explicitly requested.

return {
	'^Main Page$', -- don't categorise the main page.

	-- Don't categorise the following pages or their subpages.
	-- &quot;%f[/\0]&quot; matches if the next character is &quot;/&quot; or the end of the string.
	'^Wikipedia:Cascade%-protected items%f[/\0]',
	'^User:UBX%f[/\0]', -- The userbox &quot;template&quot; space.
	'^User talk:UBX%f[/\0]',

	-- Don't categorise subpages of these pages, but allow
	-- categorisation of the base page.
	'^Wikipedia:Template messages/.*$',

	-- Don't categorise archives.
	'/[aA]rchive',
	&quot;^Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/IncidentArchive%d+$&quot;,
}</text>
      <sha1>hwue3i1eua4tsdxlsbcs4f5syudywbe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Namespace detect/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5002</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30873</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:26:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --                          Namespace detect data                             -- -- This modul...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30873</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2569" sha1="ojp6d3pc8mql5nufaqdg576c9so3479" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                          Namespace detect data                             --
-- This module holds data for [[Module:Namespace detect]] to be loaded per    --
-- page, rather than per #invoke, for performance reasons.                    --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local cfg = require('Module:Namespace detect/config')

local function addKey(t, key, defaultKey)
	if key ~= defaultKey then
		t[#t + 1] = key
	end
end

-- Get a table of parameters to query for each default parameter name.
-- This allows wikis to customise parameter names in the cfg table while
-- ensuring that default parameter names will always work. The cfg table
-- values can be added as a string, or as an array of strings.

local defaultKeys = {
	'main',
	'talk',
	'other',
	'subjectns',
	'demospace',
	'demopage'
}

local argKeys = {}
for i, defaultKey in ipairs(defaultKeys) do
	argKeys[defaultKey] = {defaultKey}
end

for defaultKey, t in pairs(argKeys) do
	local cfgValue = cfg[defaultKey]
	local cfgValueType = type(cfgValue)
	if cfgValueType == 'string' then
		addKey(t, cfgValue, defaultKey)
	elseif cfgValueType == 'table' then
		for i, key in ipairs(cfgValue) do
			addKey(t, key, defaultKey)
		end
	end
	cfg[defaultKey] = nil -- Free the cfg value as we don't need it any more.
end

local function getParamMappings()
	--[[
	-- Returns a table of how parameter names map to namespace names. The keys
	-- are the actual namespace names, in lower case, and the values are the
	-- possible parameter names for that namespace, also in lower case. The
	-- table entries are structured like this:
	-- {
	--   [''] = {'main'},
	--   ['wikipedia'] = {'wikipedia', 'project', 'wp'},
	--   ...
	-- }
	--]]
	local mappings = {}
	local mainNsName = mw.site.subjectNamespaces[0].name
	mainNsName = mw.ustring.lower(mainNsName)
	mappings[mainNsName] = mw.clone(argKeys.main)
	mappings['talk'] = mw.clone(argKeys.talk)
	for nsid, ns in pairs(mw.site.subjectNamespaces) do
		if nsid ~= 0 then -- Exclude main namespace.
			local nsname = mw.ustring.lower(ns.name)
			local canonicalName = mw.ustring.lower(ns.canonicalName)
			mappings[nsname] = {nsname}
			if canonicalName ~= nsname then
				table.insert(mappings[nsname], canonicalName)
			end
			for _, alias in ipairs(ns.aliases) do
				table.insert(mappings[nsname], mw.ustring.lower(alias))
			end
		end
	end
	return mappings
end

return {
	argKeys = argKeys,
	cfg = cfg,
	mappings = getParamMappings()
}</text>
      <sha1>ojp6d3pc8mql5nufaqdg576c9so3479</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Namespace detect/config</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5003</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30875</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:27:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --                    Namespace detect configuration data                     -- --...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30875</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3545" sha1="1o6ozz56i8q0xgyl6xa41n2v7kelhli" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                    Namespace detect configuration data                     --
--                                                                            --
-- This module stores configuration data for Module:Namespace detect. Here    --
-- you can localise the module to your wiki's language.                       --
--                                                                            --
-- To activate a configuration item, you need to uncomment it. This means     --
-- that you need to remove the text &quot;-- &quot; at the start of the line.           --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local cfg = {} -- Don't edit this line.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Parameter names                               --
-- These configuration items specify custom parameter names. Values added     --
-- here will work in addition to the default English parameter names.         --
-- To add one extra name, you can use this format:                            --
--                                                                            --
-- cfg.foo = 'parameter name'                                                 --
--                                                                            --
-- To add multiple names, you can use this format:                            --
--                                                                            --
-- cfg.foo = {'parameter name 1', 'parameter name 2', 'parameter name 3'}     --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---- This parameter displays content for the main namespace:
-- cfg.main = 'main'

---- This parameter displays in talk namespaces:
-- cfg.talk = 'talk'

---- This parameter displays content for &quot;other&quot; namespaces (namespaces for which
---- parameters have not been specified):
-- cfg.other = 'other'

---- This parameter makes talk pages behave as though they are the corresponding
---- subject namespace. Note that this parameter is used with [[Module:Yesno]].
---- Edit that module to change the default values of &quot;yes&quot;, &quot;no&quot;, etc.
-- cfg.subjectns = 'subjectns'

---- This parameter sets a demonstration namespace:
-- cfg.demospace = 'demospace'

---- This parameter sets a specific page to compare:
cfg.demopage = 'page'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                           Table configuration                              --
-- These configuration items allow customisation of the &quot;table&quot; function,     --
-- used to generate a table of possible parameters in the module              --
-- documentation.                                                             --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---- The header for the namespace column in the wikitable containing the list of
---- possible subject-space parameters.
-- cfg.wikitableNamespaceHeader = 'Namespace'

---- The header for the wikitable containing the list of possible subject-space
---- parameters.
-- cfg.wikitableAliasesHeader = 'Aliases'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                        End of configuration data                           --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

return cfg -- Don't edit this line.</text>
      <sha1>1o6ozz56i8q0xgyl6xa41n2v7kelhli</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Documentation</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5004</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30876</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:28:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module implements {{documentation}}.  -- Get required modules. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local messageBox = require('Module:Message box')  --...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30876</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="36685" sha1="jf2f51u5rzim7qgb93sv92cvfe6ak0s" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{documentation}}.

-- Get required modules.
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local messageBox = require('Module:Message box')

-- Get the config table.
local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config')

local p = {}

-- Often-used functions.
local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--
-- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p
-- table for testing purposes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType)
	--[[
	-- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate.
	-- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not
	-- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is 'string'.
	-- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the
	-- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc.
	-- For example, if the message &quot;foo-message&quot; had the value 'Foo $2 bar $1.',
	-- message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) would return &quot;Foo qux bar baz.&quot;
	--]]
	local msg = cfg[cfgKey]
	expectType = expectType or 'string'
	if type(msg) ~= expectType then
		error('message: type error in message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' (' .. expectType .. ' expected, got ' .. type(msg) .. ')', 2)
	end
	if not valArray then
		return msg
	end

	local function getMessageVal(match)
		match = tonumber(match)
		return valArray[match] or error('message: no value found for key $' .. match .. ' in message cfg.' .. cfgKey, 4)
	end

	local ret = ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal)
	return ret
end

p.message = message

local function makeWikilink(page, display)
	if display then
		return mw.ustring.format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display)
	else
		return mw.ustring.format('[[%s]]', page)
	end
end

p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink

local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort)
	local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name
	return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort)
end

p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink

local function makeUrlLink(url, display)
	return mw.ustring.format('[%s %s]', url, display)
end

p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink

local function makeToolbar(...)
	local ret = {}
	local lim = select('#', ...)
	if lim &lt; 1 then
		return nil
	end
	for i = 1, lim do
		ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...)
	end
	return '&lt;small style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. table.concat(ret, ' &amp;#124; ') .. ')&lt;/small&gt;'
end	

p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Argument processing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName)
	return function (frame)
		local args = getArgs(frame, {
			valueFunc = function (key, value)
				if type(value) == 'string' then
					value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Remove whitespace.
					if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then
						return value
					else
						return nil
					end
				else
					return value
				end
			end
		})
		return p[funcName](args)
	end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Main function
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main')

function p._main(args)
	--[[
	-- This function defines logic flow for the module.
	-- @args - table of arguments passed by the user
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'main-div-id' --&gt; 'template-documentation'
	-- 'main-div-classes' --&gt; 'template-documentation iezoomfix'
	--]]
	local env = p.getEnvironment(args)
	local root = mw.html.create()
	root
		:wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env))
		:wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env))
		 -- This div tag is from {{documentation/start box}}, but moving it here
		 -- so that we don't have to worry about unclosed tags.
		:tag('div')
			:attr('id', message('main-div-id'))
			:addClass(message('main-div-classes'))
			:newline()
			:wikitext(p._startBox(args, env))
			:wikitext(p._content(args, env))
			:tag('div')
				:css('clear', 'both') -- So right or left floating items don't stick out of the doc box.
				:newline()
				:done()
			:done()
		:wikitext(p._endBox(args, env))
		:wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env))
	return tostring(root)
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Environment settings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.getEnvironment(args)
	--[[
	-- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title objects and other namespace- or
	-- path-related data.
	-- @args - table of arguments passed by the user
	--
	-- Title objects include:
	-- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title)
	-- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.)
	-- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage.
	-- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage.
	-- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage.
	-- env.printTitle - the print version of the template, located at the /Print subpage.
	--
	-- Data includes:
	-- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object.
	-- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace.
	-- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in.
	-- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace.
	-- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template.
	-- 
	-- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value
	-- returned will be nil.
	--]]
	
	local env, envFuncs = {}, {}

	-- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value
	-- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions
	-- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.)
	setmetatable(env, {
		__index = function (t, key)
			local envFunc = envFuncs[key]
			if envFunc then
				local success, val = pcall(envFunc)
				if success then
					env[key] = val -- Memoise the value.
					return val
				end
			end
			return nil
		end
	})	

	function envFuncs.title()
		-- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page.
		local title
		local titleArg = args.page
		if titleArg then
			title = mw.title.new(titleArg)
		else
			title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
		end
		return title
	end

	function envFuncs.templateTitle()
		--[[
		-- The template (or module, etc.) title object.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'sandbox-subpage' --&gt; 'sandbox'
		-- 'testcases-subpage' --&gt; 'testcases'
		--]]
		local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
		local title = env.title
		local subpage = title.subpageText
		if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') then
			return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText)
		else
			return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text)
		end
	end

	function envFuncs.docTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object of the /doc subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'doc-subpage' --&gt; 'doc'
		--]]
		local title = env.title
		local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page.
		local docpage
		if docname then
			docpage = docname
		else
			docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage')
		end
		return mw.title.new(docpage)
	end
	
	function envFuncs.sandboxTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object for the /sandbox subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'sandbox-subpage' --&gt; 'sandbox'
		--]]
		return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage'))
	end
	
	function envFuncs.testcasesTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object for the /testcases subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'testcases-subpage' --&gt; 'testcases'
		--]]
		return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage'))
	end
	
	function envFuncs.printTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object for the /Print subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'print-subpage' --&gt; 'Print'
		--]]
		return env.templateTitle:subPageTitle(message('print-subpage'))
	end

	function envFuncs.protectionLevels()
		-- The protection levels table of the title object.
		return env.title.protectionLevels
	end

	function envFuncs.subjectSpace()
		-- The subject namespace number.
		return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id
	end

	function envFuncs.docSpace()
		-- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the same as the
		-- subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File, MediaWiki or Category
		-- namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages in talk space.
		local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
		if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then
			return subjectSpace + 1
		else
			return subjectSpace
		end
	end

	function envFuncs.docpageBase()
		-- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages.
		-- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page.
		local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
		local docSpace = env.docSpace
		local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name
		-- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon.
		return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text
	end
	
	function envFuncs.compareUrl()
		-- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]].
		local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
		local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
		if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then
			local compareUrl = mw.uri.fullUrl(
				'Special:ComparePages',
				{page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText}
			)
			return tostring(compareUrl)
		else
			return nil
		end
	end		

	return env
end	

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Auxiliary templates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.sandboxNotice(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'sandbox-notice-image' --&gt; '[[Image:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --&gt; 'This is the $1 for $2.'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --&gt; 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --&gt; '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --&gt; '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --&gt; 'sandbox page'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --&gt; 'diff'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --&gt; 'See also the companion subpage for $1.'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --&gt; 'test cases'
	-- 'sandbox-category' --&gt; 'Template sandboxes'
	--]=]
	local title = env.title
	local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
	local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then
		return nil
	end
	-- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, &quot;image&quot; and &quot;text&quot;.
	local omargs = {}
	omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image')
	-- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like
	-- &quot;This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff).&quot;
	local text = ''
	local pagetype
	if subjectSpace == 10 then
		pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template')
	elseif subjectSpace == 828 then
		pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module')
	else
		pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other')
	end
	local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText)
	local compareUrl = env.compareUrl
	if compareUrl then
		local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display')
		local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay)
		text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink})
	else
		text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink})
	end
	-- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like
	-- &quot;See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]].&quot;
	local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle
	if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then
		if testcasesTitle.namespace == mw.site.namespaces.Module.id then
			local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display')
			local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display')
			local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay)
			local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay)
			text = text .. '&lt;br /&gt;' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink})
		else
			local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display')
			local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay)
			text = text .. '&lt;br /&gt;' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink})
		end
	end
	-- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category.
	text = text .. makeCategoryLink(message('sandbox-category'))
	omargs.text = text
	local ret = '&lt;div style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'
	ret = ret .. messageBox.main('ombox', omargs)
	return ret
end

function p.protectionTemplate(env)
	-- Generates the padlock icon in the top right.
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- Messages:
	-- 'protection-template' --&gt; 'pp-template'
	-- 'protection-template-args' --&gt; {docusage = 'yes'}
	local protectionLevels, mProtectionBanner
	local title = env.title
	protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels
	if not protectionLevels then
		return nil
	end
	local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1]
	local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1]
	if editProt then
		-- The page is edit-protected.
		mProtectionBanner = require('Module:Protection banner')
		local reason = message('protection-reason-edit')
		return mProtectionBanner._main{reason, small = true}
	elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then
		-- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move
		-- protection with the level &quot;autoconfirmed&quot;, as this is equivalent to
		-- no move protection at all.
		mProtectionBanner = require('Module:Protection banner')
		return mProtectionBanner._main{action = 'move', small = true}
	else
		return nil
	end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Start box
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox')

function p._startBox(args, env)
	--[[
	-- This function generates the start box.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make
	-- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox
	-- which generate the box HTML.
	--]]
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local links
	local content = args.content
	if not content then
		-- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself.
		local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)
		if linksData then
			links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData)
		end
	end
	-- Generate the start box html.
	local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)
	if data then
		return p.renderStartBox(data)
	else
		-- User specified no heading.
		return nil
	end
end

function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'view-link-display' --&gt; 'view'
	-- 'edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'history-link-display' --&gt; 'history'
	-- 'purge-link-display' --&gt; 'purge'
	-- 'file-docpage-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-filespace'
	-- 'module-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'
	-- 'docpage-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload'
	-- 'create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	--]]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local title = env.title
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not title or not docTitle then
		return nil
	end

	local data = {}
	data.title = title
	data.docTitle = docTitle
	-- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists.
	data.viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display')
	data.editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display')
	data.historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display')
	data.purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display')
	-- Create link if /doc doesn't exist.
	local preload = args.preload
	if not preload then
		if subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace
			preload = message('file-docpage-preload')
		elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace
			preload = message('module-preload')
		else
			preload = message('docpage-preload')
		end
	end
	data.preload = preload
	data.createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display')
	return data
end

function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data)
	--[[
	-- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links from the data table.
	-- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData
	--]]
	
	local function escapeBrackets(s)
		-- Escapes square brackets with HTML entities.
		s = s:gsub('%[', '&amp;#91;') -- Replace square brackets with HTML entities.
		s = s:gsub('%]', '&amp;#93;')
		return s
	end

	local ret
	local docTitle = data.docTitle
	local title = data.title
	if docTitle.exists then
		local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay)
		local editLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}, data.editLinkDisplay)
		local historyLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'history'}, data.historyLinkDisplay)
		local purgeLink = makeUrlLink(title:fullUrl{action = 'purge'}, data.purgeLinkDisplay)
		ret = '[%s] [%s] [%s] [%s]'
		ret = escapeBrackets(ret)
		ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, viewLink, editLink, historyLink, purgeLink)
	else
		local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay)
		ret = '[%s]'
		ret = escapeBrackets(ret)
		ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, createLink)
	end
	return ret
end

function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)
	--[=[
	-- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error.
	--
	-- Messages:
	-- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --&gt; '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]'
	-- 'template-namespace-heading' --&gt; 'Template documentation'
	-- 'module-namespace-heading' --&gt; 'Module documentation'
	-- 'file-namespace-heading' --&gt; 'Summary'
	-- 'other-namespaces-heading' --&gt; 'Documentation'
	-- 'start-box-linkclasses' --&gt; 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks'
	-- 'start-box-link-id' --&gt; 'doc_editlinks'
	-- 'testcases-create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	--]=]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	if not subjectSpace then
		-- Default to an &quot;other namespaces&quot; namespace, so that we get at least some output
		-- if an error occurs.
		subjectSpace = 2
	end
	local data = {}
	
	-- Heading
	local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed.
	if heading == '' then
		-- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank.
		return nil
	end
	if heading then
		data.heading = heading
	elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace
		data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading')
	elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace
		data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading')
	elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace
		data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading')
	else
		data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading')
	end
	
	-- Heading CSS
	local headingStyle = args['heading-style']
	if headingStyle then
		data.headingStyleText = headingStyle
	elseif subjectSpace == 10 then
		-- We are in the template or template talk namespaces.
		data.headingFontWeight = 'bold'
		data.headingFontSize = '125%'
	else
		data.headingFontSize = '150%'
	end
	
	-- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links.
	if links then
		data.linksClass = message('start-box-linkclasses')
		data.linksId = message('start-box-link-id')
		data.links = links
	end
	
	return data
end

function p.renderStartBox(data)
	-- Renders the start box html.
	-- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData.
	local sbox = mw.html.create('div')
	sbox
		:css('padding-bottom', '3px')
		:css('border-bottom', '1px solid #aaa')
		:css('margin-bottom', '1ex')
		:newline()
		:tag('span')
			:cssText(data.headingStyleText)
			:css('font-weight', data.headingFontWeight)
			:css('font-size', data.headingFontSize)
			:wikitext(data.heading)
	local links = data.links
	if links then
		sbox:tag('span')
			:addClass(data.linksClass)
			:attr('id', data.linksId)
			:wikitext(links)
	end
	return tostring(sbox)
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Documentation content
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content')

function p._content(args, env)
	-- Displays the documentation contents
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	local content = args.content
	if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then
		content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText}
	end
	-- The line breaks below are necessary so that &quot;=== Headings ===&quot; at the start and end
	-- of docs are interpreted correctly.
	return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' 
end

p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle')

function p._contentTitle(args, env)
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then
		return docTitle.prefixedText
	else
		return ''
	end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End box
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox')

function p._endBox(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box).
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'fmbox-id' --&gt; 'documentation-meta-data'
	-- 'fmbox-style' --&gt; 'background-color: #ecfcf4'
	-- 'fmbox-textstyle' --&gt; 'font-style: italic'
	-- 
	-- The HTML is generated by the {{fmbox}} template, courtesy of [[Module:Message box]].
	--]=]
	
	-- Get environment data.
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
		
	-- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end
	-- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the
	-- user, module or template namespaces.
	local linkBox = args['link box']
	if linkBox == 'off'
		or not (
			docTitle.exists
			or subjectSpace == 2
			or subjectSpace == 828
			or subjectSpace == 10
		)
	then
		return nil
	end

	-- Assemble the arguments for {{fmbox}}.
	local fmargs = {}
	fmargs.id = message('fmbox-id') -- Sets 'documentation-meta-data'
	fmargs.image = 'none'
	fmargs.style = message('fmbox-style') -- Sets 'background-color: #ecfcf4'
	fmargs.textstyle = message('fmbox-textstyle') -- 'font-style: italic;'

	-- Assemble the fmbox text field.
	local text = ''
	if linkBox then
		text = text .. linkBox
	else
		text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- &quot;This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]].&quot; 
		if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then
			-- We are in the user, template or module namespaces.
			-- Add sandbox and testcases links.
			-- &quot;Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages.&quot;
			text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '')
			text = text .. '&lt;br /&gt;'
			if not args.content and not args[1] then
				-- &quot;Please add categories to the /doc subpage.&quot;
				-- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page,
				-- as then it is unclear where to add the categories.
				text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '')
			end
			text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --&quot;Subpages of this template&quot;
			local printBlurb = p.makePrintBlurb(args, env) -- Two-line blurb about print versions of templates.
			if printBlurb then
				text = text .. '&lt;br /&gt;' .. printBlurb
			end
		end
	end
	fmargs.text = text

	return messageBox.main('fmbox', fmargs)
end

function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- Makes the blurb &quot;This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)&quot;.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'history-link-display' --&gt; 'history'
	-- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --&gt; 
	-- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] 
	-- is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.'
	-- 'module-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'
	-- 'create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	-- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --&gt;
	-- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].'
	--]=]
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
	local ret
	if docTitle.exists then
		-- /doc exists; link to it.
		local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText)
		local editUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}
		local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display')
		local editLink = makeUrlLink(editUrl, editDisplay)
		local historyUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'history'}
		local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display')
		local historyLink = makeUrlLink(historyUrl, historyDisplay)
		ret = message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink})
			.. ' '
			.. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink)
			.. '&lt;br /&gt;'
	elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then
		-- /doc does not exist; ask to create it.
		local createUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')}
		local createDisplay = message('create-link-display')
		local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay)
		ret = message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink})
			.. '&lt;br /&gt;'
	end
	return ret
end

function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Renders the text &quot;Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages.&quot;
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'sandbox-link-display' --&gt; 'sandbox'
	-- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'compare-link-display' --&gt; 'diff'
	-- 'module-sandbox-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox'
	-- 'template-sandbox-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'
	-- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	-- 'mirror-edit-summary' --&gt; 'Create sandbox version of $1'
	-- 'mirror-link-display' --&gt; 'mirror'
	-- 'mirror-link-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/mirror'
	-- 'sandbox-link-display' --&gt; 'sandbox'
	-- 'testcases-link-display' --&gt; 'testcases'
	-- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'template-sandbox-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'
	-- 'testcases-create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	-- 'testcases-link-display' --&gt; 'testcases'
	-- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'module-testcases-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases'
	-- 'template-testcases-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases'
	-- 'experiment-blurb-module' --&gt; 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.'
	-- 'experiment-blurb-template' --&gt; 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.'
	--]]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
	local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
	local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle
	local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText
	if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then
		return nil
	end
	-- Make links.
	local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks
	if sandboxTitle.exists then
		local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText
		local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display')
		local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay)
		local sandboxEditUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}
		local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display')
		local sandboxEditLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxEditUrl, sandboxEditDisplay)
		local compareUrl = env.compareUrl
		local compareLink
		if compareUrl then
			local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display')
			compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay)
		end
		sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink)
	else
		local sandboxPreload
		if subjectSpace == 828 then
			sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload')
		else
			sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload')
		end
		local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload}
		local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display')
		local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay)
		local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)})
		local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload')
		local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary}
		if subjectSpace == 828 then
			mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary}
		end
		local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display')
		local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay)
		sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink)
	end
	if testcasesTitle.exists then
		local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText
		local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display')
		local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay)
		local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}
		local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display')
		local testcasesEditLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesEditUrl, testcasesEditDisplay)
		-- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists
		if subjectSpace == 828 and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then
			local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display')
			local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay)
			testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink)
		else
			testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink)
		end
	else
		local testcasesPreload
		if subjectSpace == 828 then
			testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload')
		else
			testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload')
		end
		local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload}
		local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display')
		local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay)
		testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink)
	end
	local messageName
	if subjectSpace == 828 then
		messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module'
	else
		messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template'
	end
	return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks})
end

function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Generates the text &quot;Please add categories to the /doc subpage.&quot;
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- Messages:
	-- 'doc-link-display' --&gt; '/doc'
	-- 'add-categories-blurb' --&gt; 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.'
	--]]
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
	local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display'))
	return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink})
end

function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Generates the &quot;Subpages of this template&quot; link.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	
	-- Messages:
	-- 'template-pagetype' --&gt; 'template'
	-- 'module-pagetype' --&gt; 'module'
	-- 'default-pagetype' --&gt; 'page'
	-- 'subpages-link-display' --&gt; 'Subpages of this $1'
	--]]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
	if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then
		return nil
	end
	local pagetype
	if subjectSpace == 10 then
		pagetype = message('template-pagetype')
	elseif subjectSpace == 828 then
		pagetype = message('module-pagetype')
	else
		pagetype = message('default-pagetype')
	end
	local subpagesLink = makeWikilink(
		'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/',
		message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype})
	)
	return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink})
end

function p.makePrintBlurb(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- Generates the blurb displayed when there is a print version of the template available.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	--
	-- Messages:
	-- 'print-link-display' --&gt; '/Print'
	-- 'print-blurb' --&gt; 'A [[Help:Books/for experts#Improving the book layout|print version]]'
	--		.. ' of this template exists at $1.'
	--		.. ' If you make a change to this template, please update the print version as well.'
	-- 'display-print-category' --&gt; true
	-- 'print-category' --&gt; 'Templates with print versions'
	--]=]
	local printTitle = env.printTitle
	if not printTitle then
		return nil
	end
	local ret
	if printTitle.exists then
		local printLink = makeWikilink(printTitle.prefixedText, message('print-link-display'))
		ret = message('print-blurb', {printLink})
		local displayPrintCategory = message('display-print-category', nil, 'boolean')
		if displayPrintCategory then
			ret = ret .. makeCategoryLink(message('print-category'))
		end
	end
	return ret
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tracking categories
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.addTrackingCategories(env)
	--[[
	-- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page.
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	
	-- Messages:
	-- 'display-strange-usage-category' --&gt; true
	-- 'doc-subpage' --&gt; 'doc'
	-- 'testcases-subpage' --&gt; 'testcases'
	-- 'strange-usage-category' --&gt; 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage'
	-- 
	-- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have
	-- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically.
	--]]
	local title = env.title
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	if not title or not subjectSpace then
		return nil
	end
	local subpage = title.subpageText
	local ret = ''
	if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean')
		and (
			subpage == message('doc-subpage')
			or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage')
		)
	then
		ret = ret .. makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category'))
	end
	return ret
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>jf2f51u5rzim7qgb93sv92cvfe6ak0s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Documentation/config</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5005</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37259</id>
      <parentid>37258</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-03-29T15:00:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>50.200.33.170</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37259</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="18619" sha1="stiyn7v2j2gtyz5m55pt3bd24bcqeiz" xml:space="preserve">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
--                               Configuration for Module:Documentation
--
-- Here you can set the values of the parameters and messages used in Module:Documentation to
-- localise it to your wiki and your language. Unless specified otherwise, values given here
-- should be string values.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local cfg = {} -- Do not edit this line.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection template configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['protection-reason-edit']
-- The protection reason for edit-protected templates to pass to
-- [[Module:Protection banner]].
cfg['protection-reason-edit'] = 'template'

--[[
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Sandbox notice configuration
--
-- On sandbox pages the module can display a template notifying users that the current page is a
-- sandbox, and the location of test cases pages, etc. The module decides whether the page is a
-- sandbox or not based on the value of cfg['sandbox-subpage']. The following settings configure the
-- messages that the notices contains.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

-- cfg['sandbox-notice-image']
-- The image displayed in the sandbox notice.
cfg['sandbox-notice-image'] = '[[Image:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]'

--[[
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template']
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module']
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other']
-- The page type of the sandbox page. The message that is displayed depends on the current subject
-- namespace. This message is used in either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'].
--]]
cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page'
cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page'
cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] = 'sandbox page'

--[[
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb']
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb']
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-display']
-- Either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] is the opening sentence
-- of the sandbox notice. The latter has a diff link, but the former does not. $1 is the page
-- type, which is either cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'],
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] depending what
-- namespace we are in. $2 is a link to the main template page, and $3 is a diff link between
-- the sandbox and the main template. The display value of the diff link is set by 
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display'].
--]]
cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2.'
cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).'
cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display'] = 'diff'

--[[
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb']
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display']
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb']
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display']
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page
-- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit. $1 is a link to the test cases page.
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] is the display value for that link.
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page
-- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit, along with a link to run it. $1 is a link to the test
-- cases page, and $2 is a link to the page to run it.
-- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] is the display value for the link to run the test
-- cases.
--]]
cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1.'
cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] = 'test cases'
cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1 ($2).'
cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run'

-- cfg['sandbox-category']
-- A category to add to all template sandboxes.
cfg['sandbox-category'] = 'Template sandboxes'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Start box configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext']
-- The wikitext for the icon shown at the top of the template.
cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] = '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]'

-- cfg['template-namespace-heading']
-- The heading shown in the template namespace.
cfg['template-namespace-heading'] = 'Template documentation'

-- cfg['module-namespace-heading']
-- The heading shown in the module namespace.
cfg['module-namespace-heading'] = 'Module documentation'

-- cfg['file-namespace-heading']
-- The heading shown in the file namespace.
cfg['file-namespace-heading'] = 'Summary'

-- cfg['other-namespaces-heading']
-- The heading shown in other namespaces.
cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] = 'Documentation'

-- cfg['view-link-display']
-- The text to display for &quot;view&quot; links.
cfg['view-link-display'] = 'view'

-- cfg['edit-link-display']
-- The text to display for &quot;edit&quot; links.
cfg['edit-link-display'] = 'edit'

-- cfg['history-link-display']
-- The text to display for &quot;history&quot; links.
cfg['history-link-display'] = 'history'

-- cfg['purge-link-display']
-- The text to display for &quot;purge&quot; links.
cfg['purge-link-display'] = 'purge'

-- cfg['create-link-display']
-- The text to display for &quot;create&quot; links.
cfg['create-link-display'] = 'vumba'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Link box (end box) configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['transcluded-from-blurb']
-- Notice displayed when the docs are transcluded from another page. $1 is a wikilink to that page.
cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] = 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.'

--[[
-- cfg['create-module-doc-blurb']
-- Notice displayed in the module namespace when the documentation subpage does not exist.
-- $1 is a link to create the documentation page with the preload cfg['module-preload'] and the
-- display cfg['create-link-display'].
--]]
cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] = 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Experiment blurb configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- cfg['experiment-blurb-template']
-- cfg['experiment-blurb-module']
-- The experiment blurb is the text inviting editors to experiment in sandbox and test cases pages.
-- It is only shown in the template and module namespaces. With the default English settings, it
-- might look like this:
--
-- Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages.
--
-- In this example, &quot;sandbox&quot;, &quot;edit&quot;, &quot;diff&quot;, &quot;testcases&quot;, and &quot;edit&quot; would all be links.
--
-- There are two versions, cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] and cfg['experiment-blurb-module'], depending
-- on what namespace we are in.
-- 
-- Parameters:
--
-- $1 is a link to the sandbox page. If the sandbox exists, it is in the following format:
--
--     cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] | cfg['compare-link-display'])
-- 
-- If the sandbox doesn't exist, it is in the format:
--
--     cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] | cfg['mirror-link-display'])
-- 
-- The link for cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] link preloads the page with cfg['template-sandbox-preload']
-- or cfg['module-sandbox-preload'], depending on the current namespace. The link for cfg['mirror-link-display']
-- loads a default edit summary of cfg['mirror-edit-summary'].
--
-- $2 is a link to the test cases page. If the test cases page exists, it is in the following format:
--
--     cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] | cfg['testcases-run-link-display'])
--
-- If the test cases page doesn't exist, it is in the format:
-- 
--     cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-create-link-display'])
--
-- If the test cases page doesn't exist, the link for cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] preloads the
-- page with cfg['template-testcases-preload'] or cfg['module-testcases-preload'], depending on the current
-- namespace.
--]]
cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] = &quot;Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.&quot;
cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] = &quot;Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.&quot;

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Sandbox link configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['sandbox-subpage']
-- The name of the template subpage typically used for sandboxes.
cfg['sandbox-subpage'] = 'sandbox'

-- cfg['template-sandbox-preload']
-- Preload file for template sandbox pages.
cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'

-- cfg['module-sandbox-preload']
-- Preload file for Lua module sandbox pages.
cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox'

-- cfg['sandbox-link-display']
-- The text to display for &quot;sandbox&quot; links.
cfg['sandbox-link-display'] = 'sandbox'

-- cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display']
-- The text to display for sandbox &quot;edit&quot; links.
cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] = 'edit'

-- cfg['sandbox-create-link-display']
-- The text to display for sandbox &quot;create&quot; links.
cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] = 'vumba'

-- cfg['compare-link-display']
-- The text to display for &quot;compare&quot; links.
cfg['compare-link-display'] = 'diff'

-- cfg['mirror-edit-summary']
-- The default edit summary to use when a user clicks the &quot;mirror&quot; link. $1 is a wikilink to the
-- template page.
cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] = 'Create sandbox version of $1'

-- cfg['mirror-link-display']
-- The text to display for &quot;mirror&quot; links.
cfg['mirror-link-display'] = 'mirror'

-- cfg['mirror-link-preload']
-- The page to preload when a user clicks the &quot;mirror&quot; link.
cfg['mirror-link-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/mirror'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Test cases link configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['testcases-subpage']
-- The name of the template subpage typically used for test cases.
cfg['testcases-subpage'] = 'testcases'

-- cfg['template-testcases-preload']
-- Preload file for template test cases pages.
cfg['template-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases'

-- cfg['module-testcases-preload']
-- Preload file for Lua module test cases pages.
cfg['module-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases'

-- cfg['testcases-link-display']
-- The text to display for &quot;testcases&quot; links.
cfg['testcases-link-display'] = 'testcases'

-- cfg['testcases-edit-link-display']
-- The text to display for test cases &quot;edit&quot; links.
cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] = 'edit'

-- cfg['testcases-run-link-display']
-- The text to display for test cases &quot;run&quot; links.
cfg['testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run'

-- cfg['testcases-create-link-display']
-- The text to display for test cases &quot;create&quot; links.
cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] = 'vumba'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Add categories blurb configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- cfg['add-categories-blurb']
-- Text to direct users to add categories to the /doc subpage. Not used if the &quot;content&quot; or
-- &quot;docname fed&quot; arguments are set, as then it is not clear where to add the categories. $1 is a
-- link to the /doc subpage with a display value of cfg['doc-link-display'].
--]]
cfg['add-categories-blurb'] = 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.'

-- cfg['doc-link-display']
-- The text to display when linking to the /doc subpage.
cfg['doc-link-display'] = '/doc'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Subpages link configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- cfg['subpages-blurb']
-- The &quot;Subpages of this template&quot; blurb. $1 is a link to the main template's subpages with a
-- display value of cfg['subpages-link-display']. In the English version this blurb is simply
-- the link followed by a period, and the link display provides the actual text.
--]]
cfg['subpages-blurb'] = '$1.'

--[[
-- cfg['subpages-link-display']
-- The text to display for the &quot;subpages of this page&quot; link. $1 is cfg['template-pagetype'],
-- cfg['module-pagetype'] or cfg['default-pagetype'], depending on whether the current page is in
-- the template namespace, the module namespace, or another namespace.
--]]
cfg['subpages-link-display'] = 'Subpages of this $1'

-- cfg['template-pagetype']
-- The pagetype to display for template pages.
cfg['template-pagetype'] = 'template'

-- cfg['module-pagetype']
-- The pagetype to display for Lua module pages.
cfg['module-pagetype'] = 'module'

-- cfg['default-pagetype']
-- The pagetype to display for pages other than templates or Lua modules.
cfg['default-pagetype'] = 'page'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Doc link configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['doc-subpage']
-- The name of the subpage typically used for documentation pages.
cfg['doc-subpage'] = 'doc'

-- cfg['file-docpage-preload']
-- Preload file for documentation page in the file namespace.
cfg['file-docpage-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-filespace'

-- cfg['docpage-preload']
-- Preload file for template documentation pages in all namespaces.
cfg['docpage-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload'

-- cfg['module-preload']
-- Preload file for Lua module documentation pages.
cfg['module-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Print version configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['print-subpage']
-- The name of the template subpage used for print versions.
cfg['print-subpage'] = 'Print'

-- cfg['print-link-display']
-- The text to display when linking to the /Print subpage.
cfg['print-link-display'] = '/Print'

-- cfg['print-blurb']
-- Text to display if a /Print subpage exists. $1 is a link to the subpage with a display value of cfg['print-link-display'].
cfg['print-blurb'] = 'A [[Help:Books/for experts#Improving the book layout|print version]] of this template exists at $1.'
	.. ' If you make a change to this template, please update the print version as well.'

-- cfg['display-print-category']
-- Set to true to enable output of cfg['print-category'] if a /Print subpage exists.
-- This should be a boolean value (either true or false).
cfg['display-print-category'] = true

-- cfg['print-category']
-- Category to output if cfg['display-print-category'] is set to true, and a /Print subpage exists.
cfg['print-category'] = 'Templates with print versions'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- HTML and CSS configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['main-div-id']
-- The &quot;id&quot; attribute of the main HTML &quot;div&quot; tag.
cfg['main-div-id'] = 'template-documentation'

-- cfg['main-div-classes']
-- The CSS classes added to the main HTML &quot;div&quot; tag.
cfg['main-div-classes'] = 'template-documentation iezoomfix'

-- cfg['start-box-linkclasses']
-- The CSS classes used for the [view][edit][history] or [create] links in the start box.
cfg['start-box-linkclasses'] = 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks'

-- cfg['start-box-link-id']
-- The HTML &quot;id&quot; attribute for the links in the start box.
cfg['start-box-link-id'] = 'doc_editlinks'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- {{fmbox}} template configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['fmbox-id']
-- The id sent to the &quot;id&quot; parameter of the {{fmbox}} template.
cfg['fmbox-id'] = 'documentation-meta-data'

-- cfg['fmbox-style']
-- The value sent to the style parameter of {{fmbox}}.
cfg['fmbox-style'] = 'background-color: #ecfcf4'

-- cfg['fmbox-textstyle']
-- The value sent to the &quot;textstyle parameter of {{fmbox}}.
cfg['fmbox-textstyle'] = 'font-style: italic'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tracking category configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['display-strange-usage-category']
-- Set to true to enable output of cfg['strange-usage-category'] if the module is used on a /doc subpage
-- or a /testcases subpage. This should be a boolean value (either true or false).
cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] = true

-- cfg['strange-usage-category']
-- Category to output if cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] is set to true and the module is used on a
-- /doc subpage or a /testcases subpage.
cfg['strange-usage-category'] = 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage'

--[[
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End configuration
--
-- Don't edit anything below this line.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

return cfg</text>
      <sha1>stiyn7v2j2gtyz5m55pt3bd24bcqeiz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Stub documentation</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5006</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30878</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:31:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;This is a '''stub template'''. A brief explanation of these templates follows; for full details please consult [[Wikipedia:Stub]].   === What is a stub? === A stub is an artic...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30878</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1693" sha1="gcf1nd12xxxpwz82yvvgz77e7rzt16s" xml:space="preserve">This is a '''stub template'''. A brief explanation of these templates follows; for full details please consult [[Wikipedia:Stub]]. 

=== What is a stub? ===
A stub is an article containing only a few sentences of text which is too short to provide encyclopedic coverage of a subject.

=== How is a stub identified? ===
* If possible, try to find the most appropriate stub template for the article. A full list can be found at [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/List of stubs]].
* More than one stub template may be used, if necessary, though no more than four should be used on any article.
* Place a stub template ''[[MOS:ORDER|at the very end]]'' of the article, after the &quot;External links&quot; section, any navigation templates, and the category tags. As usual, templates are added by including their name inside double braces, e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{stub}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;.

=== Further information ===

Further information can be found at:
* [[Wikipedia:Stub]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting]]

New stub templates and categories (collectively &quot;stub types&quot;) should not be created without prior proposal at [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals]]. This allows for the proper coordination of all stub types across Wikipedia, and for the checking of any new stub type for possible problems prior to its creation.

=== See also ===
* [[Template:Empty section]] – To flag an empty section as a '''stub section'''
* [[Template:Expand section]] – To flag sections selectively as incomplete
* [[Template:Data missing]] – To flag missing information or other data
* [[Wikipedia:Article assessment]] 
&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}

[[Category:Template documentation]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gcf1nd12xxxpwz82yvvgz77e7rzt16s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Matsalwa ya mpambulo ya vanhu va Afrika</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5007</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30881</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:45:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30881</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:All stub articles</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5008</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30882</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T19:45:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30882</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Stub</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5009</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30887</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T20:03:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Tsalwa ra Mpambulo''' i tswalwa leri, hambileswi ri nyikelaka vuxokoxoko byo karhi, kambe rikumeka ri komile swinene ku kota kuhundzisa nkatsakanyo wa nhloko mhaka yo karhi...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30887</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="422" sha1="049arjawqt1esj1svibl5bes26bt4zj" xml:space="preserve">'''Tsalwa ra Mpambulo''' i tswalwa leri, hambileswi ri nyikelaka vuxokoxoko byo karhi, kambe rikumeka ri komile swinene ku kota kuhundzisa nkatsakanyo wa nhloko mhaka yo karhi, naswona rifaneriwa hi ku ndlandlamuxiwa.

Lok tsalwa ra mpambulo riri na vuxokoxoko lebyi ntsanana, kumbe riri hava nhloko mhaka yo twakala, ringaha suriwa kumbe rithavinyetiwa eka matsalwa man'wana lawa ma nyikilaka mongo wa mhaka hi ku antswa.</text>
      <sha1>049arjawqt1esj1svibl5bes26bt4zj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Babele</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5010</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30895</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-19T21:13:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Eka Wikipediya, riviti '''Babele''' (ri yelana na Xihondzo xa Babele) rihlamusela '''Swivumbiwa-ntirho swa tindzimi leti vulavuriwaka hi mutirhisi''' naswona ripfuna ku olovis...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30895</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="402" sha1="hpkzskkosqmti3arabxv1k7gefmrjiy" xml:space="preserve">Eka Wikipediya, riviti '''Babele''' (ri yelana na Xihondzo xa Babele) rihlamusela '''Swivumbiwa-ntirho swa tindzimi leti vulavuriwaka hi mutirhisi''' naswona ripfuna ku olovisa kuburisana exikarhi ka vatirhisi va Wikipediya, rithea ri olovisa ku hlanganisa vatirhisi va ririmi rin'we. Ukomberiwa ku hlanganyela eka matirhisele lawa, hiku hoxa xivumbiwa-ntirho xa ririmi eka tluka ra wena ra vutitrhisi.</text>
      <sha1>hpkzskkosqmti3arabxv1k7gefmrjiy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:User WikiUser</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5015</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30914</id>
      <parentid>30912</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-29T10:34:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>30914</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1192" sha1="mvlv443jkj1fzm43sd3jeqtga7f5s5b" xml:space="preserve">{{ userbox
| border-c = {{{border|#8d40b3}}}
| id       = [[file:Noia 64 apps karm.svg|42x42px|link=&lt;!-- leave empty as this userbox should not link to anywhere by default for privacy reasons --&gt;]]
| id-c     = {{{imgbg|#d9bfe5}}}
| info-c   = {{{bgcolor|#f0e6f5}}}
| info-lh  = 1.1
| info     = &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks neverexpand&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{wikibirthday}}}|no
  |
  | {{#ifexpr:{{CURRENTMONTH}}={{{month|0}}}
    | {{#ifexpr:{{CURRENTDAY}}={{{day|0}}}
      | Today is this user's {{#ifeq:{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{{year}}}
        | '''first day''' on Wikipedia
        | '''[[:Category:Current Wikipedia birthdays|WikiBirthday]]'''
        }}.&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Current Wikipedia birthdays|{{ROOTPAGENAMEE}}]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;
      }}
    }}
  }} Mutirhisi loyi una {{#if:{{{link|}}}
  | [//ts.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&amp;type=newusers&amp;user={{ROOTPAGENAMEE}}&amp;month=-1]
  | {{#if:{{{diff|}}}
    | [{{{diff}}}]
    | 
    }}
  }} {{Age in years, months and days|year={{{year|&lt;noinclude&gt;2001&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|month={{{month|&lt;noinclude&gt;1&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|day={{{day|&lt;noinclude&gt;15&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|sc={{{sc|}}} }} eka Wikipediya leyi.&lt;/span&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mvlv443jkj1fzm43sd3jeqtga7f5s5b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Age in years, months and days</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5016</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30904</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-29T10:14:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{6|¤}}}|¤||1}}{{#ifeq:{{{5|¤}}}|¤||1}}{{#ifeq:{{{4|¤}}}|¤||1}}  |{{#iferror:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{6}}}-{{{5}}}-{{{4}}}}}   |{{error|Error: Invalid time. }}...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30904</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3681" sha1="gtpzn4n869l7lqg721jfp9vuyfb1gyl" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{6|¤}}}|¤||1}}{{#ifeq:{{{5|¤}}}|¤||1}}{{#ifeq:{{{4|¤}}}|¤||1}}
 |{{#iferror:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{6}}}-{{{5}}}-{{{4}}}}}
  |{{error|Error: Invalid time. }}
  |}}}}{{#if:{{{1|{{{year|}}}}}}
 |{{#if:{{{2|{{{month|}}}}}}
  |{{#if:{{{3|{{{day|}}}}}}
   |{{Age in years, months and days/display
    |years={{#expr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{1|{{{year}}}}}}-{{#ifexpr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}&gt;{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}
     |0
     |{{#ifexpr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}&lt;{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}
      |1
      |{{#ifexpr:{{{6|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}&lt;{{{3|{{{day}}}}}}
       |1
       |0
       }}
      }}
     }}}}
    |months={{#expr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}+{{#ifexpr:{{{6|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}&lt;{{{3|{{{day}}}}}}
     |{{#ifexpr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}&gt;{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}
      |-1
      |11
      }}
     |{{#ifexpr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}&lt;{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}
      |12
      |0
      }}
     }}{{#ifexpr:{{Gregorian serial date
      |year={{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}
      |month={{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}
      |day={{{6|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}}}-{{Gregorian serial date
      |year={{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}
      |month={{#expr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-1}}
      |day={{{3|{{{day}}}}}}
      }}&lt;0
     |-1
     |&lt;!--null value--&gt;
     }}}}
    |days={{#ifexpr:{{{6|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}&lt;{{{3|{{{day}}}}}}
     |{{#expr:{{Gregorian serial date
      |year={{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}
      |month={{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}
      |day={{{6|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}}}-{{Gregorian serial date
      |year={{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}
      |month={{#expr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{#ifexpr:{{Gregorian serial date
        |year={{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}
        |month={{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}
        |day={{{6|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}}}-{{Gregorian serial date
        |year={{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}
        |month={{#expr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-1}}
        |day={{{3|{{{day}}}}}}
        }}&lt;0
       |2
       |1
       }}}}
      |day={{{3|{{{day}}}}}}
      }}}}
     |{{#expr:{{{6|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}-{{{3|{{{day}}}}}}
      }}
     }}
    |sc={{#switch:{{{sc|}}}
     |N|n|No|no|False|false|Off|off=&lt;!--null value--&gt;
     |#default={{{sc|}}}
     }}
    }}
   |{{#ifexpr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}={{{2|{{{month}}}}}}
    |{{#ifexpr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}={{{1|{{{year}}}}}}
     |0&amp;nbsp;years
     |{{#expr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{1|{{{year}}}}}}-1}}&amp;nbsp;or {{Age in years, months and days/display
      |years={{#expr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{1|{{{year}}}}}}}}
      }}
     }}
    |{{#ifexpr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}&gt;{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}
     |{{#ifexpr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}={{{1|{{{year}}}}}}
      |&lt;!--null value--&gt;
      |{{Age in years, months and days/display
       |years={{#expr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{1|{{{year}}}}}}}}
       }} and
      }} {{#expr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}-1}}&amp;nbsp;or {{Age in years, months and days/display
      |months={{#expr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}}}
      }}
     |{{#ifexpr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}={{#expr:{{{1|{{{year}}}}}}+1}}
      |&lt;!--null value--&gt;
      |{{Age in years, months and days/display
       |years={{#expr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{1|{{{year}}}}}}-1}}
       }} and
      }} {{#expr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}+11}}&amp;nbsp;or {{Age in years, months and days/display
      |months={{#expr:{{{5|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{{2|{{{month}}}}}}+12}}}}
     }}
    }}
   }}
  |{{#ifexpr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}={{{1|{{{year}}}}}}
   |0&amp;nbsp;years
   |{{#expr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{1|{{{year}}}}}}-1}}&amp;nbsp;or {{Age in years, months and days/display
    |years={{#expr:{{{4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{1|{{{year}}}}}}}}
    }}
   }}
  }}
 |some time
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gtpzn4n869l7lqg721jfp9vuyfb1gyl</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Age in years, months and days/display</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5017</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30913</id>
      <parentid>30910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-11-29T10:33:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>30913</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="901" sha1="9xa2zxr51hziilbnxr2tanueqp6c9ir" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifexpr:{{{years|0}}}&lt;0|{{error|Error: Invalid time. }}|}}{{#switch:{{{years|0}}}
| 0        =
| 1        = 1&amp;nbsp;lembe
| #default = '''{{{years}}}'''&amp;nbsp;wa malembe
}}{{#ifeq:{{{years|0}}}|0|&lt;!--null--&gt;|{{#ifeq:{{{months|0}}}|0|&lt;!--null--&gt;|{{#ifeq:{{{days|0}}}|0|&amp;#32;na&amp;#32;|,&amp;#32;}} }} }}{{#switch:{{{months|0}}}
| 0        =
| 1        = 1&amp;nbsp;n'wheti
| #default = '''{{{months}}}'''&amp;nbsp;wa tin'wheti
}}{{#ifeq:{{{years|0}}}|0|{{#ifeq:{{{months|0}}}|0|&lt;!--null--&gt;|{{#ifeq:{{{days|0}}}|0|&lt;!--null--&gt;|&amp;#32;na&amp;#32;}} }}|{{#ifeq:{{{days|0}}}|0|&lt;!--null--&gt;|{{#if:{{{sc|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{months|0}}}|0|&lt;!--null--&gt;|,}}|&lt;!--null--&gt;}}&amp;#32;na&amp;#32;}} }}{{#switch:{{{days|0}}}
| 0        = {{#ifeq:{{{years|0}}}|0|{{#ifeq:{{{months|0}}}|0|ntsena}} }}
| 1        = 1&amp;nbsp;siku
| #default = '''{{{days}}}'''&amp;nbsp;wa masiku
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation|Template:Age in years, months and days/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9xa2zxr51hziilbnxr2tanueqp6c9ir</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Gregorian serial date</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5018</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30908</id>
      <timestamp>2017-11-29T10:23:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#expr:          &lt;!--Days from all years past:--&gt;          + (({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} - 1) * 365)         + ((({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} - 1) - (({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>30908</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1782" sha1="knj2qocovus95zi2z24hd29kxszvu60" xml:space="preserve">{{#expr: 
        &lt;!--Days from all years past:--&gt;

        + (({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} - 1) * 365)
        + ((({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} - 1) - (({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} - 1) mod 4)) / 4)     &lt;!--add a day for every leap--&gt;
        - ((({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} - 1) - (({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} - 1) mod 100)) / 100) &lt;!--subtract 100 year exception--&gt;
        + ((({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} - 1) - (({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} - 1) mod 400)) / 400) &lt;!--readd 400 year exception--&gt;

       &lt;!--Days so far this year:--&gt;
 
        + {{ #ifexpr:    &lt;!--add days for past months this year--&gt; &lt;!--Gives 1 or 2 extra days because of February--&gt;
                     ({{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}} - 1) &lt; 8 
                     | ( ({{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}} - 1) * 30.5 round 0) 
                     | ( ({{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}} - 1) * 30.5 + 0.9 round 0 ) 
          }} 
        - {{ #ifexpr: ({{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}} &lt;= 2) | 0 |  
             {{ #ifexpr:    &lt;!-- if leap year  --&gt;
                     ({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} / 4) = ({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} / 4 round 0)          &lt;!--If divisible by 4--&gt;
                      and ({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} / 100 != {{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} / 100 round 0)  &lt;!--and not by 100--&gt;
                | 1 | 2 
             }}
          }}
        + {{ #ifexpr: ({{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}} &lt;= 2) | 0 |
             {{ #ifexpr: &lt;!--400 year exception--&gt;
                     ({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} / 400) = ({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} / 400 round 0) 
                | 1 | 0 
             }}
          }} 
        + {{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}
 }}{{#ifexpr: {{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} &lt; 1 |
        _ERROR - Can not handle dates before January 1, 1 A.D.
   }}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>knj2qocovus95zi2z24hd29kxszvu60</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thailand</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5022</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39038</id>
      <parentid>36378</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-05T13:21:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eurohunter</username>
        <id>2668</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Thailand]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>39038</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="588" sha1="g8z1e6ohnlpld9med36beixvx26lsg3" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Ratcha-anachak Thai
|mujeko             = Flag of Thailand.svg
|coa                = Garuda Emblem of Thailand.svg
|image              = [[File:Location Thailand ASEAN.svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Bangkok
|official_languages = Thai
|area               = 513 120
|population         = 68 863 514
|year               = 2016
|density            = 134.2
}}
'''Thailand''' a tiko ra [[Asia]]. Dorobha ra Bangkok i ntsindza wa tiko ra Thailand, naswona rina kwalomu ka 8.3 wa timiliyoni ta vaaka tiko (2010).

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]
[[Category:Thailand]]</text>
      <sha1>g8z1e6ohnlpld9med36beixvx26lsg3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cambodia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5023</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39251</id>
      <parentid>37758</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-03-15T23:53:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>39251</origin>
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      <text bytes="5739" sha1="6rzpfy9w2idgf4p2vjzf6f120gv45ih" xml:space="preserve">{{bold|Cambodia}} i tiko ra [[Axiya]].

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Cambodia
| common_name = Cambodia
| native_name = {{unbulleted list |{{nobold|{{native name|km|ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា}} }}|&lt;small&gt;{{lang|km-Latn|prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə}}&lt;/small&gt;|{{native name|fr|Royaume du Cambodge}} }}
| image_flag = Flag of Cambodia.svg
| image_coat = Royal arms of Cambodia.svg
| symbol_type = Royal arms
| national_motto = &lt;br /&gt;{{lang|km|ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Nation, Religion, King&quot;
| national_anthem = &lt;br /&gt;''[[Nokor Reach]]''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Majestic Kingdom''}} &lt;center&gt;[[File:United States Navy Band - Nokoreach.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Location Cambodia ASEAN.svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=green |region=[[ASEAN]] |region_color=dark grey |legend=Location Cambodia ASEAN.svg}}
| capital = [[Phnom Penh]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|11|33|N|104|55|E|type:city|display=inline,title}}
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
| languages_type = Spoken languages
| languages = {{hlist|[[Khmer language|Khmer]] | [[Cham language|Cham]] | [[French language|French]] }}
| languages2_type = Official script
| languages2 = [[Khmer script]]
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
  | 97.6% [[Khmer people|Khmer]]
  | 1.2% [[Chams]]
  | 0.1% [[Vietnamese Cambodian|Vietnamese]]
  | 0.1% [[Chinese people|Chinese]]
  | 0.9% Other
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;CIACB&quot;/&gt;
| demonym = Cambodian&lt;br /&gt;Khmer 
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[dominant-party state|dominant-party]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[Elective monarchy|elective]] [[constitutional monarchy]]
| leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Cambodia|King]]
| leader_name1 = [[Norodom Sihamoni]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cambodia|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Hun Manet]]
| leader_title3 = [[List of Presidents of the Senate of Cambodia|President of the Senate]]
| leader_name3 = [[Say Chhum]]
| leader_title4 = [[List of Presidents of the National Assembly of Cambodia|President of the National Assembly]]
| leader_name4 = [[Heng Samrin]]
| legislature = [[Parliament of Cambodia|Parliament]]
| upper_house = [[Senate of Cambodia|Senate]]
| lower_house = [[National Assembly of Cambodia|National Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of Cambodia|Formation]]
| established_event1 = [[Funan (Southeast Asia)|Funan Empire]]
| established_date1 = 50/68 AD–550 AD
| established_event2 = [[Chenla|Chenla Empire]]
| established_date2 = 550–802
| established_event3 = [[Khmer Empire]]
| established_date3 = 802–1431
| established_event4 = [[Dark ages of Cambodia|Middle Period]]
| established_date4 = 1431–1863 
| established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–70)|Independence]]&lt;br /&gt;(from [[France]])}}
| established_date5 = 9 November 1953
| established_event6 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 109|Admitted to the]] [[United Nations]]
| established_date6 = 14 December 1955
| established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[1991 Paris Peace Accords|Paris Peace Accords]]}}
| established_date7 = 23 October 1991
| established_event8 = {{nowrap|[[Modern Cambodia|Monarchy restored]]}}
| established_date8 = 24 September 1993
| established_event9 = [[ASEAN Declaration]]
| established_date9 = 30 April 1999
| area_km2 = 181,035
| area_rank = 88th
| area_sq_mi = 69,898 
| percent_water = 2.5
| population_estimate = 16,245,729
| population_census = 13,395,682&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nis.gov.kh/ Cambodian National Institute of Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227230811/http://www.nis.gov.kh/ |date=2011-02-27 }}, accessed 6 June 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2018
| population_estimate_rank =
| population_census_year = 2008
| population_density_km2 = 81.8
| population_density_sq_mi = 211.8 
| population_density_rank = 118th
| GDP_PPP = $70.242&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=45&amp;pr1.y=11&amp;c=522&amp;s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Cambodia |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,322&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal = $24.360&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,559&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 
| Gini = 31.8 
| Gini_year = 2011
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title=GINI Index |work=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=29 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI = 0.563 
| HDI_year = 2015
| HDI_change = increase 
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report |publisher=United Nations|accessdate=21 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 143rd
| currency = [[Cambodian riel|Riel]]
| currency_code = KHR
| time_zone = [[Krasnoyarsk Time|KRAT]]/[[UTC+7|
ICT]]
| utc_offset = +07:00
| date_format = dd/mm/yyyy
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Cambodia|+855]]
| cctld = [[.kh]]
| religion = {{small|Official:}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Buddhism in Cambodia|Theravada Buddhism]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|Other religions:}}&lt;br /&gt;{{hlist|[[Islam in Cambodia|Islam]]|[[Christianity in Cambodia|Christianity]]|other}}
| area_magnitude = 
}}
Dorobha ra Phnom Penh i ntsindza wa tiko ra Cambodia, naswona rina kwalomu ka 1.5 wa timiliyoni ta vaaka tiko (2012).


{{Axiya}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>6rzpfy9w2idgf4p2vjzf6f120gv45ih</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Emmanuel Macron</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5025</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37071</id>
      <parentid>36881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-28T21:39:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Macron hi lembe ra 2017</comment>
      <origin>37071</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="262" sha1="ha7ff4vbix23oa7ts0x14a9uzc9z0co" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Emmanuel Macron (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Macron hi lembe ra 2017]]
'''Emmanuel Macron''' (21 [[N'wendzamhala]] 1977) i khale ka Presidenti ya [[Furhwa]]. E ofisini 2017. U landzela : [[François Hollande]].

[[Category:Furhwa]]
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
      <sha1>ha7ff4vbix23oa7ts0x14a9uzc9z0co</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>François Hollande</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5026</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37070</id>
      <parentid>36882</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-28T21:38:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Hollande hi lembe ra 2015</comment>
      <origin>37070</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="308" sha1="pyl08p5f4svgt8ocgpibhqocvkqsarq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Francois_Hollande_2015.jpeg|200 px|thumb|right|Hollande hi lembe ra 2015]]

'''François Hollande''' (12 [[Mhawuri]] 1954) i khale ka Presidenti ya [[Furhwa]]. E ofisini 2012-2017. U landzela : [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]. A landzeriwa hi : [[Emmanuel Macron]].

[[Category:Furhwa]]
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
      <sha1>pyl08p5f4svgt8ocgpibhqocvkqsarq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nicolas Sarkozy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5027</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37069</id>
      <parentid>36883</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-28T21:36:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sarkozy hi lembe ra 2015</comment>
      <origin>37069</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="304" sha1="ddngiu6ynzjcaytyrx7w0dm3ggazf0a" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Nicolas Sarkozy February 2015.jpg|thumb|right|Sarkozy hi lembe ra 2015]]
'''Nicolas Sarkozy''' (28 [[Sunguti]] 1955) i khale ka Presidenti ya [[Furhwa]]. E ofisini 2007-2012. U landzela : [[Jacques Chirac]]. A landzeriwa hi : [[François Hollande]].

[[Category:Furhwa]]
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
      <sha1>ddngiu6ynzjcaytyrx7w0dm3ggazf0a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jacques Chirac</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5028</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39863</id>
      <parentid>36417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-01-03T16:57:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ziv</username>
        <id>11245</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>→ File has been renamed on Commons ([[:c:GR]])</comment>
      <origin>39863</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="297" sha1="7tjfxz92g2ddv9typltr6fr5m1lsyz7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jacques Chirac, 1999.jpg|thumb|right|Jacques Chirac]]
'''Jacques Chirac''' (Paris, 29 [[Hukuri]] 1932 – Paris, 26 [[Ndzhati]] 2019) i khale ka Presidenti ya [[Furhwa]]. E ofisini 1995-2007. U landzela : [[François Mitterrand]]. A landzeriwa hi : [[Nicolas Sarkozy]].

[[Category:Furhwa]]</text>
      <sha1>7tjfxz92g2ddv9typltr6fr5m1lsyz7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>François Mitterrand</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5029</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36523</id>
      <parentid>30975</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-22T21:16:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Örkkiryssä</username>
        <id>8639</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="322" sha1="oal7ykrws9pdz2kw6nqvkipz6wh1zbk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Reagan_Mitterrand_1984_(cropped).jpg|thumb|François Mitterrand (1984)]]

'''François Mitterrand''' (26 [[Nhlangula]] 1916 — Paris, 8 [[Sunguti]] 1996) i khale ka Presidenti ya [[Furhwa]]. E ofisini 1981-1995. U landzela : [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]. A landzeriwa hi : [[Jacques Chirac]].

[[Category:Furhwa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5030</id>
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      <id>36416</id>
      <parentid>30976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-01-23T16:03:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rotondus</username>
        <id>7641</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>2020</comment>
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      <text bytes="306" sha1="pwa8dkhtbsp5uk0t8zedhkho6lrmlir" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Giscard1979.jpg|thumb|right|Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]
'''Valéry Giscard d'Estaing''' (2 [[Nyenyenyani]] 1926 – 2 [[N'wendzamhala]] 2020) i khale ka Presidenti ya [[Furhwa]]. E ofisini 1974-1981. U landzela : [[Georges Pompidou]]. A landzeriwa hi : [[François Mitterrand]].

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  <page>
    <title>Georges Pompidou</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5031</id>
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      <id>30977</id>
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      <timestamp>2018-01-06T16:09:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
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      <comment>Added category</comment>
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      <text bytes="312" sha1="ab2vggxhfddyxj03k0ei3spdpkau0n3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Georges Pompidou (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Georges Pompidou]]
'''Georges Pompidou''' (5 [[Mawuwani]] 1911 — Paris, 2 [[Dzivamusoko]] 1974) i khale ka Presidenti ya [[Furhwa]]. E ofisini 1969-1974. U landzela : [[Charles de Gaulle]]. A landzeriwa hi : [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]].


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  <page>
    <title>Charles de Gaulle</title>
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      <timestamp>2023-01-29T20:27:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>de Gaulle hi lembe ra 1961</comment>
      <origin>37075</origin>
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      <text bytes="287" sha1="0ch1aeero9hpn4ai45d1cnrcy27qvvm" xml:space="preserve">[[File:De Gaulle 1961 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|de Gaulle hi lembe ra 1961]]
'''Charles de Gaulle''' (22 [[Hukuri]] 1890 – 9 Hukuri 1970) i khale ka Presidenti ya [[Furhwa]]. E ofisini 1959-1969. U landzela : [[René Coty]]. A landzeriwa hi : [[Georges Pompidou]].

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  <page>
    <title>Category:Furhwa</title>
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    <id>5033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>30980</id>
      <timestamp>2018-01-06T16:13:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DARIO SEVERI</username>
        <id>4547</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Creating category</comment>
      <origin>30980</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="19" sha1="k5kocjzyd70smjhqkuoufw4o2235ne6" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Roda da Vida</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5035</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31040</id>
      <parentid>30995</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-03-19T19:33:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Creditos200</username>
        <id>5393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fixed</comment>
      <origin>31040</origin>
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      <text bytes="1744" sha1="6kw7sur7p1igp7pyzlaw17k8tw14ziq" xml:space="preserve">'''''Roda da Vida''''' i ntlangu wa drama wale tikweni ra Brazil, hi lembe ra 2001&lt;ref&gt;[http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2013/09/1349327-morre-claudio-cavalcanti-ator-e-secretario-de-defesa-dos-animais-do-rio.shtml Morre Cláudio Cavalcanti, ator e secretário de Promoção e Defesa dos Animais do Rio]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Cast ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#CCCCCC&quot;
! Actkel
! Einaunaw
|-
| Cláudio Cavalcanti
| Prof. Vidal
|-
| Helena Fernandes
| Sofia Albuquerque
|-
| Carlos Casagrande 
| Caio Amarantes Alencar
|-
| Emílio Orciollo Neto 
| Alex Almeida Alencar
|-
| Juan Alba 
| Alan Lee
|-
| Cássia Linhares 
| Tamires Almeida Alencar Amarantes 
|-
| Eliete Cigarini 
| Camila Almeida Alencar
|-
| Adriana Garambone 
| Maria Aparecida Pereira
|-
| Rodrigo Veronese
| Rafael Thomas
|-
| Paulo Figueiredo 
| Daniel Almeida Alencar
|-
| Cléo Ventura 
| Cibele Almeida Alencar
|-
| Cláudia Liz
| Eloá Albuquerque
|-
| Tony Tornado 
| Malaquias
|-
| Fabiana Alvarez 
| Karine
|-
| Tony Correia
| Telmo
|-
| Samantha Monteiro 
| Kika
|-
| Nicole Puzzi 
| Heloísa
|-
| Ernando Tiago
| Ronaldo
|-
| Francisca Queiroz
| Bianca Almeida Alencar
|-
| Reinaldo Holzchuh 
| Luíz Carlos Almeida Alencar
|-
| Raíssa Medeiros 
| Yasmin Albuquerque
|-
| Clemente Viscaíno
| Geraldo Pereira
|-
| Virgínia Novick
| Solange
|-
| Marcelo Várzea
| Eric
|-
| Augusto Vargas
| Raí
|-
| Iara Jamra 
| Brasilina 
|-
| Roney Facchini
| Frederico 
|-
| Selma Egrei
| Elza
|-
| Daniel Dellias 
| Maurício
|-
| Luciano Faria 
| Fabio
|-
| Raquel Barcha 
| Dolores
|-
| Déborah Cardoso 
| Cássia
|-
| Altair Lima
| Joaquim
|-
| Kika Julianeli 
| Veridiana
|-
| Dante Nicolodi 
| Waldir
|-
|}

==Ku yelanisa==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Drama]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nepal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5037</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36810</id>
      <parentid>35462</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-11-06T22:56:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:New_Emblem_of_Nepal.svg|New_Emblem_of_Nepal.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Kadı|Kadı]] because: [[:c:COM:CSD#G2|CSD G2]] (unused and implausible, or broken redirect).</comment>
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      <text bytes="1107" sha1="lcyov5ziq3on4414l6ksitncswduaqr" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra Nepāl
|mujeko             = Flag of Nepal.svg
|coa                =
|image              = [[File:Nepal (orthographic projection).svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Kathmandu
|official_languages = -
|area               = 147 181
|population         = 28 982 771
|year               = 2016
|density            = 180
}}
'''Nepal''' a tiko ra [[Asia]]. Exikarhi ka lembe ra 2016, xa Malaysia a wuri kwalomu ka 29 wa timilliyoni.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery class=center caption=&quot;Nepal&quot;&gt;
Kathmandu-Hanuman Dhoka-Nasal Chowk-18-Pancamukhi Hanuman Mandir-2013-gje.jpg|Kathmandu
Swayambhunath-Hauptstupa-22-2013-gje.jpg|Swayambhunath
Patan-Palast-06-2007-gje.jpg|Patan
Bhaktapur-Palastplatz 34-abends-2013-gje.jpg|Bhaktapur
Tengboche-Namche Bazaar-56-Sangnasa Lodge-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya
Tengboche-Namche Bazaar-02-Blick nach Khumjung-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya
Jhinudanda-34-Terrassen jenseits des Tales-2013-gje.jpg|Kaski District
Mustang-Ghami Khola-06-Bruecke-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang
Mustang-Sungda Choerten-12-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Axiya}}

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  <page>
    <title>Indonesia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5038</id>
    <revision>
      <id>33142</id>
      <parentid>33139</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-13T13:01:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>3482</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.105.165.134|103.105.165.134]] ([[User talk:103.105.165.134|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]]</comment>
      <origin>31009</origin>
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      <text bytes="582" sha1="52q29ltl28sqh275g3gwtpxiy6ji7km" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra Nepāl
|mujeko             = Flag of Indonesia.svg
|coa                = National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg
|image              = [[File:Indonesia (orthographic projection).svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Jakarta
|official_languages = -
|area               = 1 904 569
|population         = 263 991 379
|year               = 2017
|density            = 138
}}
'''Indonesia''' a tiko ra [[Asia]]. Exikarhi ka lembe ra 2017, xa Indonesia a wuri kwalomu ka 263.9 wa timilliyoni.

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mongolia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5039</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36468</id>
      <parentid>36455</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T04:00:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BRPever</username>
        <id>4333</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/92.40.195.110|92.40.195.110]] ([[User talk:92.40.195.110|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]]</comment>
      <origin>31016</origin>
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      <text bytes="552" sha1="gjoni7yurr2y04bi2fg2v5bl6249o1v" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = ''Монгол Улс''
|mujeko             = Flag of Mongolia.svg
|coa                = State emblem of Mongolia.svg
|image              = [[File:Mongolia (orthographic projection).svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Ulaanbaatar
|official_languages = Mongolian
|area               = 1 904 569
|population         = 3 081 677
|year               = 2016
|density            = 1.97
}}
'''Mongolia''' a tiko ra [[Asia]]. Exikarhi ka lembe ra 2016, xa Mongolia a wuri kwalomu ka 3.08 wa timilliyoni.

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iran</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5040</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41517</id>
      <parentid>41504</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-28T21:26:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A09</username>
        <id>9721</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-16733-23|~2026-16733-23]] ([[User talk:~2026-16733-23|talk]]) to last revision by DARIO SEVERI (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
      <origin>41517</origin>
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      <text bytes="511" sha1="0gd2uj4ogbbs89q5ynpr0ztt3b6e7yw" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Islamic Republic of Iran
|mujeko             = Flag of Iran.svg
|coa                = Emblem of Iran.svg
|image              = [[File:Iran (orthographic projection).svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Tehran
|official_languages = -
|area               = 1 648 195
|population         = 81 000 000
|year               = 2017
|density            = 48
}}
'''Iran''' a tiko ra [[Asia]]. Exikarhi ka lembe ra 2017, xa Iran a wuri kwalomu ka 81 wa timilliyoni.

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Singapore</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5041</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32515</id>
      <parentid>31024</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-30T14:52:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore_(blazon).svg with [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
      <origin>32515</origin>
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      <text bytes="535" sha1="9qdjb2dn1udvr7y7z2le34neqh3z5ra" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Republic of Singapore
|mujeko             = Flag of Singapore.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of Singapore.svg
|image              = [[File:Singapore in its region (zoom).svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Singapore
|official_languages = -
|area               = 719.9 
|population         = 5 607 300
|year               = 2016
|density            = 7.8
}}
'''Singapore''' a tiko ra [[Asia]]. Exikarhi ka lembe ra 2016, xa Singapore a wuri kwalomu ka 5.6 wa timilliyoni.

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vietnam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5042</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38702</id>
      <parentid>38701</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-29T01:00:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aquino100</username>
        <id>10818</id>
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      <origin>38702</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24036" sha1="hjf3b6hglbm3diju02iay9o1k5dijm6" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
|mujeko             = Flag of Vietnam.svg
|coa                = Emblem of Vietnam.svg
|image              = [[File:Location Vietnam ASEAN.svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Hanoi
|official_languages = Vietnamese
|area               = 331,231
|population         = 94 569 072
|year               = 2016
|density            = 276
}}
'''Vietnam''' a tiko ra [[Asia]]. Exikarhi ka lembe ra 2016, xa Vietnam a wuri kwalomu ka 94.5 wa timilliyoni.

[[Category:Asia]]

== Vito ==

=== Masungulo ya vito ===

Mimfumo eka matimu ya Vietnamese yina mavito yohambana hambana ya matiko yofana na ''Xich Quy'', ''[[Van Lang]]'', ''Dai Viet'', ''[[Dai Nam]]'' kumbe ''Vietnam'' . Ku vuriwa leswaku rito leri nge ''Vietnam'' (越南) i leri hundzukeke vito ra tiko leri ''nge Nam Viet'' (南越) hi nkarhi wa ku fuma ka Mufumi Wu wa le Zhao . Rito &quot;Viet&quot; 越 leri vekiweke eku sunguleni ri yimela tiko ra Viet Thuong, ndzilakano wa khale wa tiko leri, leri tshameke ri tirhisiwa eka mavito ya rixaka ''[[Dai Co Viet]]'' (大瞿越) na ''Dai Viet'' (大越), lawa ku nga mavito ya rixaka ku suka eka lembe xidzana leri 10 ku ya eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana leri 19. Rito &quot;Nam&quot; 南 leri vekiweke emakumu ri kombisa leswaku leyi i tiko ra le dzongeni, ndhawu ya ndzilakano, leyi tshameke yi tirhisiwa eka vito ra rixaka ra ''Dai Nam'' (大南), naswona emahlweni ka sweswo a ku ri ndlela yo hambanisa Dai Viet tanihi ''Nam Quoc (.'' ku fana na &quot; Tiko ra le [[Dzongeni Son Ha]] &quot;) na ''Tiko ra le N'walungwini'' ku ri [[Chayina|China]].

Hosi [[Gia Long]] wa [[Nguyen Dynasty]] u tirhise ximfumo vito ra tiko ra &quot;Vietnam&quot; ku sukela hi [[1804]] .  Kutani Vuhosi bya [[Qing]] byi amukele ''Vietnam'' tanihi vito ra tiko ra Vuhosi bya Nguyen .  Vito ra tiko leri i &quot;Vietnam&quot; leswaku ri nga pfilunganyeki na Nam Viet, xikan'we naku kombisa ndzhawu ya rona [[Ntivo-mbangu|ya ntivo-misava]] e dzongeni wa Bach Viet . Hi xihoxo, madzana yo hlayanyana ya malembe emahlweninyana, eka Vuprofeta bya Trinh, Nguyen Binh Khiem u tirhise vito ra &quot; ''Vietnam'' &quot; tanihi vito ra ximfumo, hambileswi hi nkarhi wolowo xithopo xa rixaka xa &quot;Dai Viet&quot; a xa ha tirhisiwa. Hi 1804, hosi ya Qing yi lerise murhumiwa wa Guangxi Te Bo Sam ku huwelela xithopo xa Gia Long tani hi &quot;Hosi ya Vietnam&quot; 越南國王 hambi leswi tihosi ta Nguyen ta ha landzelela mukhuva wa khale wo tivula &quot;Mufumi&quot; 皇帝 ku ringana na hosi.Chayina. &lt;ref name=&quot;第179页&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;郭振铎, 张笑梅. 越南通史. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, năm 2001. ISBN 7-300-03402-0. Trang 536.&lt;/ref&gt;

Vito ra &quot;Vietnam&quot; ri tlhela ri humelela eka ntirho wa Phan Boi Chau wa 1905 ''Vietnam National History'' na le ka vito ra Viet Nam Nationalist Party . &lt;ref&gt;Tonnesson &amp; Antlov 1996, tr. 117.&lt;/ref&gt; Vito ra &quot;An Nam&quot; na rona a ri ri kona hi nkarhi wa vukoloni bya Mafurwa . Hi 1945, Mfumo wa Vietnam wu velekiwile naswona wuyile emahlweni wu thya tiko leri vito ra &quot;Vietnam&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Tonnesson &amp; Antlov 1996, tr. 126.&lt;/ref&gt; Endzhaku ka sweswo, matiko hinkwawo ya le Vietnam endzhaku ka 1945 ma tirhise vito leri ra tiko.

=== Eka matsalelo ya tindzimi ta matiko mambe ===
Eka [[Xinghezi]] xa namuntlha lexi tsariweke, ndlela leyi tolovelekeke ni leyi tolovelekeke swinene yo tsala vito leri nge Vietnam i ''Vietnam'' (leri tsariweke handle ka swivandla), leswi yisaka eka xihlawulekisi xa ''Xivietnam'' . Le Vietnam, ka ha ri na tindlela timbirhi to tsala leti ta ha hlayisaka swivandla: &quot;Viet Nam&quot; (susa swihlamusela-marito) na &quot;Vietnam&quot; (ku siya swihlamusela-marito hi ku helela). Leswi swi nga voniwa eka webusayiti ya Mfumo wa Vietnam na Vukorhokeri bya Timhaka ta le Handle bya Vietnam eka vuhundzuluxeri bya Xinghezi bya khale, lebyi tirhiseke tindlela hinkwato tinharhu: &quot;Vietnam&quot;, &quot;Vietnam&quot; kumbe &quot;Vietnam&quot;.   Nxaxamelo wa swirho eka webusayiti [[Matiko la ma hlanganeke|ya Nhlangano wa Matiko]] wu tsala vito ra tiko tanihi &quot;Viet Nam&quot; kasi tiatikili ta xiyengentsongo ta ha ri tsala tanihi &quot;Vietnam&quot;. Sweswi, Vukorhokeri bya Timhaka ta Matiko ya le Handle bya Vietnam na Nhlangano wa Matiko ya Misava wa Swipimelo ([[ISO]]) va amukela &quot;Viet Nam&quot; na vito ra tiko &quot;riphabliki ra Vusoxalisi ra Viet Nam&quot; tanihi vito leri faneleke, leri ringaniseriweke ra Vietnam eka tindzimi ta matiko mambe, ngopfu-ngopfu eka matsalwa ya Xinghezi ni swilo swa ndhavuko leswi kandziyisiweke hi Mfumo wa Vietnam .   Hambi leswi enkarhini lowu hundzeke, tani hi leswi swi boxiweke laha henhla, mhaka ya vito leri hlanganeke ra Vietnam a yi tekiwa yi ri ya nkoka, sweswi, tiwebsite ta ximfumo ta Mfumo wa Vietnam ti lava ku tirhisa vito leri ringaniseriweke ra &quot;Vietnam&quot;, ti hunguta ku tirhisiwa ka ku hambana ko fana na &quot;Vietnam&quot;.  

Kambe Xihlamusela-marito xa Xinghezi xa Oxford xi rhekhoda ntsena mapeletelo ya ''Vietnam'' eka maviti na ''Xivietnam'' eka swihlawulekisi,   a yi rhekhodi &quot;Viet Nam&quot; na &quot;Viet Namese&quot;.   Tindzimi to tala ti tirhisa maletere ya Xilatini yo fana na [[Xipaniya]], Xijarimani, Xintariyana ... yi tlhela yi tirhisa mapeletelo ya &quot;Vietnam&quot;, naswona tindzimi tin'wana ti na mapeletelo man'wana yo fana na &quot;Vietnã&quot; ( [[Xiputukezi]] ), &quot;Wietnam&quot; ( [[Xipolish]] ), &quot;Vitneam&quot; ( [[Xiirish]] ), ku ya hi xivumbeko xa maletere ya Xilatini ya ririmi rin'wana na rin'wana kambe hinkwaswo yi tsariwile handle ka swivandla. Tindzimi tin'wana ti tirhisa maendlelo yo tsala lama yelanaka swinene na Xilatini, ku fana na Xicyrillic kumbe Xigriki, lawa na wona ya tsariweke handle ka swivandla ku kombetela eka Vietnam, ku fana na &quot;Вьетнам&quot; ( Xirhaxiya ), &quot;Вијетнам&quot; ( [[Xiserbia]] ), &quot;Βιετνάμ&quot;. ( Xigriki ).

== Ntivo-misava ==

Vietnam ri ni ndhawu ya 331 212&amp;nbsp;km2, ndzilakano wa misava wu lehe 4,639&amp;nbsp;km, ribuwa ra lwandle ri anama 3,260 km&amp;nbsp;km, yi avelana ndzilakano wa le lwandle na [[Thailand]] hi ku tirhisa Gulf of Thailand na [[Chayina|China]], [[Philippines]], [[Indonesia]], [[Brunei]] na [[Malexiya|Malaysia]] hi ku tirhisa Lwandle ra le Vuxeni . Vietnam yi vula leswaku yi ni vulawuri eka swiyenge swimbirhi swa ntivo-misava leswi kanetiwaka eLwandle ra le Vuxeni, ku nga [[swihlala swa Hoang Sa]] ( leswi lawuriwaka hi xiviri ) na [[Truong Sa]] ( leswi lawuriwaka hi xiphemu ) .

Nkarhi exikarhi ka pole ya le N’walungwini ni ya le Dzongeni wa Vietnam loko ximanga xi ri karhi xi haha i 1 650&amp;nbsp;km. Ndhawu leyi nga ni ku anama lokutsongo swinene eQuang Binh leyi nga ehansi ka 50&amp;nbsp;km . Ndzilakano wa misava wu lehe ku tlula 4,600 wa timitara&amp;nbsp;km, laha ndzilakano na [[Laos]] wu leheke swinene (kwalomu ka 2 100&amp;nbsp;km), ku landzela [[Chayina|China]] na [[Cambodia]] . Ndzhawu hinkwayo ya kona i 331,212&amp;nbsp;km2&amp;nbsp;ku katsa ni tiko-nkulu hinkwaro ni swihlala &lt;ref&gt;Niên giám thống kê 2006&lt;/ref&gt; swin’we ni swihlala swo tlula 4 000, swiribyana ni swihlala leswi haswimbirhi eLwandle ra le Vuxeni, tiko ra Truong Sa (exifundzheni xa [[Khanh Hoa]] ) na Hoang Sa (edorobeni ra [[Da Nang]] ) ri vula leswaku ri ni vulawuri.

Ndzhawu ya Vietnam yina kwalomu ka 40% wa tintshava na makhwati, 40% wa swintshabyana xikan’we naku hlanganisa kwalomu ka 75% wa ndzhawu ya tiko. Kuna tintshava na ti plateaus tofana na [[Hoang Lien Son range]], [[Son La]] plateau en’walungwini, [[Bach Ma range]] na plateaus leyi landzelaka Truong Son range e dzongeni. Network ya milambu na mativa eka delta kumbe tindzhawu ta tintshava ta North na Central Highlands. Delta leyi yi endla kwalomu ka 1/4 wa ndzhawu leyi, kukatsa na ti delta tofana na Red River Delta, [[Mekong River Delta]] na Central Coastal Plains, letinga tindzhawu letingana vaaki votala. Misava leyi byariwaka yi endla 17% wa ndzhawu hinkwayo ya misava ya Vietnam.

Misava leyi ngopfu ngopfu i misava ya ferralit eka tindzhawu ta tintshava (e Central Highlands, leyi vumbiweke eka ribye ra basalt ) na misava ya alluvial eka mativa. Tindhawu ta le ribuweni ra [[Red River Delta]] na Nambu wa Mekong ti hlanganisa misava ya alum . Makhwati ya le Vietnam ngopfu-ngopfu i makhwati lama hisaka etindhawini ta tintshava, kasi tindhawu ta le hansi ta le ribuweni ti ni makhwati ya mangrove . Tiko-nkulu leri ri ni migodi ya timinerali yo tanihi phosphate ni nsuku . Malahla ma tele ngopfu eQuang Ninh . Nsimbi hi [[Xithai Nguyen]], [[Ha Tinh]] . Ku ni swilo leswi nga ni oyili ni gasi ya ntumbuluko elwandle.

Vietnam ri ni maxelo ya tropical monsoon na [[Maxelo|maxelo lama]] cinca-cincaka . En’walungwini wa Bach Ma range, kuna tinguva timbirhi letikulu ta moya: Northeast monsoon ya titimela naswona ya oma hi xixika, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na xixika xo titimela; Mimoya yale dzongeni vupela dyambu ya hisa naswona ya oma kasi ya dzonga vuxa ya tsakama hi ximumu. Dzonga wuna mimoya ya Northeast hi nguva yo oma na mimoya ya Southwest hi nguva ya timpfula. Maboboma ya lwandle hi ndlela yo karhi ma lawula maxelo. Xiringaniso xa relative humidity i 84% lembe hinkwaro. Vietnam ri ni ndhambi ni swidzedze, naswona mpfula yi sukela eka 1 200 ku ya eka 3 000&amp;nbsp;mm, nhlayo ya tiawara ta dyambu yi kwalomu ka 1,500 kuya eka 3,000 wa tiawara/lembe naswona mahiselo yasuka eka 5&amp;nbsp;°C ku ya eka 37&amp;nbsp;°C. Mahiselo ya lembe na lembe ya tlakuke hi kwalomu ka 0.5 degrees Celsius eka malembe ya 50 ( [[1964]] - 2014 ). 

=== Ikholoji ya ikholoji ===
Vietnam ri kumeka endhawini ya ikholoji ya Indomalaya . Hikuya hi [[2005]] National Environmental Status Report, Vietnam yile xikarhi ka matiko ya 25 lawa yanga na swiyimo swale henhla swa biodiversity, eka xiyimo xa vu 16 emisaveni hinkwayo hiku hambana ka biodiversity naswona i kaya ra kwalomu ka 16% wa tinxaka ta biodiversity emisaveni. 15,986 wa tinxaka ta swimilani ti kumiwile etikweni hinkwaro, laha 10% wa tona ti nga endemic, 200 wa tinxaka ta oligochaeta, 145 wa tinxaka ta acarina, 113 wa tinxaka ta springtails, 7,750 wa tinxaka ta switsotswana, 260 wa tinxaka ta switsotswana leswi hahaka. 120 wa tinxaka ta swiharhi leswi hanyaka ematini na le misaveni, 840 wa tinxaka ta swinyenyana na 310 wa tinxaka ta swihadyani leswi mamisaka, laha 100 wa tinxaka ta swinyenyana na 78 wa tinxaka ta swihadyani leswi mamisaka swi nga kona. Nakambe ku ni tinxaka ta 1 438 ta ti- algae ta le matini yo tenga, leti endlaka 9.6% wa tinxaka hinkwato ta algae, swin’we ni tinxaka ta 794 ta swiharhi leswi nga riki na marhambu ya nkolo leswi hanyaka ematini ni tinxaka ta 2 458 ta tinhlampfi ta le lwandle . Eku heleni ka malembe yava 1980s, nhlayo ya [[Javan]] Rhinoceros yikumeke e Cat Tien National Park naswona swinga endleka leswaku munhu wohetelela wa muxaka lowu e Vietnam u lovile hi 2010 .

Vietnam National Gene Bank yi hlayisa tinxaka ta 12 300 ta tinxaka ta 115. Mfumo wa Vietnam wu tirhise US$ 497 wa timiliyoni ku hlayisa swilo swo hambana-hambana leswi hanyaka hi 2004 naswona wu simeke tindhawu ta 126 leti sirhelelekeke ku katsa ni tiphaki ta rixaka ta 28 . Vietnam yina 2 wa tindzhawu ta ndzhaka ya ntumbuluko ya misava : [[Ha Long Bay]] na [[Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park]] na 6 wa tindzhawu ta vuhlayiselo bya biosphere kukatsa na Can Gio, [[Cat Tien]], Cat Ba, [[Kien Giang]], na makhwati ya mangrove ya River Delta .

=== Vufambisi ===

Ku hangalasiwa ka vulawuri bya Vietnam ku katsa swiyimo swa 3: xiyimo xa xifundzankulu na lexi ringanaka, xiyimo xa muganga na lexi ringanaka, xiyimo xa commune na lexi ringanaka.

Doroba-nkulu ra Vietnam i Hanoi, doroba leri nga ni vaaki vo tala swinene swin’we ni GRDP leyikulu swinene i [[Ho Chi Minh City|Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh]] (namuntlha ra ha tiviwa hi vito ra rona ra khale ra [[Saigon]]). 

Nhlayo ya 63 wa tiyuniti ta vulawuri ta xiyimo xa swifundzha ti katsa 58 wa swifundzha na 5 wa madoroba lama fambisiwaka hi le xikarhi laha ntsindza ku nga Hanoi .

Ehansi ka swiyimo swa madoroba leswi fambisiwaka hi xifundzankulu na le xikarhi ku na swiyimo swa xifundzankulu, muganga, madoroba na madoroba ya xifundzankulu (hi ku hlangana swi vuriwa xiyimo xa xifundzankulu). Ku sukela hi Ndzhati 2021, Vietnam yi na 705 wa tiyuniti ta xiyimo xa xifundzha / xifundzha / [[doroba]] / doroba ehansi ka xifundzha / doroba ehansi ka mfumo wa le xikarhi .

Ehansi ka xiyimo xa xifundzankulu/xifundzankulu/doroba/doroba ra xifundzankulu ku na tiyuniti ta vufambisi ta tiwadi, tikhomuni, na madoroba (hi ku hlangana ti vuriwa xiyimo xa tikhomuni).

Ehansi ka xiyimo xa wadi/muganga/doroba ku na tindhawu leti nga riki ta xivumbeko leti nga na mavito yo hambana ku fana na vaakelani, mintlawa ya vutshamo, swimitana, swimitana, swimitana, swimitana, swimitana , swimitana ... &lt;ref&gt;Cấp này không có giá trị pháp lí theo hệ thống hành chính Việt Nam.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlayo ya vaaki ==

=== Ntalo wa vanhu ===
Nhlayo hinkwayo ya vaaki va Vietnam hi 0:00 hi [[April]] 1, 2019 i 96,208,984 wa vanhu, laha vaaki va xinuna va nga 47,881,061 wa vanhu (leswi endlaka 49.8%) naswona vaaki va xisati i 48,327,923 wa vanhu (leswi endlaka 50.2%). Hikwalaho ka vuyelo lebyi, Vietnam i tiko ra vu-15 leri nga ni vaaki vo tala emisaveni hinkwayo.  Hi 2021, nhlayo ya vaaki yi ringanyetiwa ku va kwalomu ka 98 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu  . Hi 2022, nhlayo ya vaaki yi ringanyetiwa ku va kwalomu ka 99.46 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu &lt;ref name=&quot;gso.gov.vn&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; . Vietnam yi ni tinxaka ta 54, leti eka tona vanhu va le Kinh va endlaka vunyingi bya tona hi kwalomu ka 86%, leti hlengeletaneke edelta ni le tindhawini ta le ribuweni ra lwandle . Tinxaka letitsongo, handle ka [[Machayina]], [[Cham]] na [[Khmer]], ti tele ngopfu etindhawini ta tintshava na le tintshaveni. Exikarhi ka leswi, leswi nga ni vaaki vo tala ngopfu i va Tay, Thai, Muong ,... Vanhu va O Du va na vaaki vatsongo swinene. Kuna tinxaka tintshwa leti rhurheleke e Vietnam eka madzana nyana ya malembe lawa yanga hundza kufana na Machayina. Machayina na ma Ngai hi wona ntsena tinxaka timbirhi leti nhlayo ya tona yi hungutekeke exikarhi ka 1999 na 2009.

Hi ku ya hi nkambisiso lowu endliweke hi Hofisi ya Tinhlayohlayo-nkulu, ndhawu leyi nga ni vaaki vo tala swinene eVietnam i Red River Delta leyi nga ni vanhu va kwalomu ka 22,5 wa timiliyoni, yi landzeriwa hi Ribuwa ra le Xikarhi ra le N’walungwini ni Ribuwa ra le Xikarhi ra le Dzongeni leri nga ni vanhu va kwalomu ka 20,1 wa timiliyoni, ra vunharhu i ra le Dzongeni-vuxa 17.8 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu, xa vumune i Mekong Delta leyi nga na kwalomu ka 17.2 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu. Ndhawu leyi nga riki na vaaki vo tala i Central Highlands leyi nga ni vanhu va kwalomu ka 5,8 wa timiliyoni. Hi ku ya hi Nkambisiso wa Nkarhinyana wa Vaaki ni Tindlu (IPS) wa 2019, 34,4% wa vaaki va le Vietnam va tshama etindhawini ta le madorobeni naswona 65,6% va tshama etindhawini ta le makaya .  Xiringaniso xa rimbewu hi 2019 a xi ri 99.1 wa vavanuna/100 wa vavasati. Hi ku ya hi ''The Economist ,'' mpimo wa ku hunguteka ka vaaki hikwalaho ka ku wa ka nhlayo ya ku velekiwa wu tumbuluxa ntshembo wa ku dyuhala eVietnam laha xiphemu xa vadyuhari lava tlulaka 60 wa malembe hi vukhale xi languteriweke ku tlakuka ku suka eka 12% (2018) ku ya eka 21% ( 2040). Nhlayo ya vaaki lava tirhaka eVietnam yi fikelele nhlohlorhi hi 2013, endzhaku ka sweswo yi ta hunguteka. Ku vuriwa leswaku mpimo wa vantshwa/lavakulu wu vanga makhombo ya timali eka ku nyika vukorhokeri bya swa vutshunguri na vuongori loko 90% wa vadyuhari va nga ri na mali leyi hlayisiweke nikatsongo loko mpimanyeto wa mfumo wu nyika ntsena swipfuno eka vanhu lava nga ehenhla ka malembe ya 80 hi xiringaniso xa USD/vhiki ti nga ri tingani .  

=== Ririmi ===
Ririmi ra rixaka ra Vietnam i Xivietnam, ririmi ra thoni leri welaka eka ndyangu wa tindzimi ta Austroasiatic na ririmi ra manana ra vanhu va le Vietnam . Vumbiwa a byi nyiki [[Văn tự chính thức|tsalwa ra rixaka kumbe ra ximfumo]] . Ririmi leri nga ni maletere ya Xichayina lama rhekhodiweke ya Xisino-Vietnamese a ri tirhisiwa eka matsalwa ya vulawuri emahlweni ka lembe-xidzana leri 20 . Tsalwa ra Nom ri sekeriwe eka swihlawulekisi swa Xichayina ku rhekhoda mimpfumawulo yo basa ya Xivietnam leyi vumbiweke kwalomu ka lembe xidzana leri hundzeke 7 ku ya eka lembe xidzana 13, {{sfn|Zwartjes|2011|p=292}} {{sfn|Choy|2013|p=340}} {{sfn|Dinh Tham|2018|p=67}} yi hlanganisiwe na swihlawulekisi swa Xichayina ku vumba tsalwa leri tolovelekeke ra Xivietnam loko Vietnam yi nga si hlaseriwa hi vakoloni va Mafurwa . Mintirho ya nguva ya le xikarhi eVietnam hinkwayo yi tsariwe hi Xichayina na Nom, hi ntolovelo Nguyen Trai ’s Binh Ngo Dai Cao leyi tsariweke hi Xichayina kumbe Nguyen Du ’s Tale of Kieu leyi vumbiweke hi Nom. {{sfn|Ozolinš|2016|p=130}} Ririmi ra Rixaka i tsalwa ra Xilatini leri endliweke hi varhumiwa va Majesuit vo tanihi Francisco de Pina na Alexandre de Rhodes hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-19. 17 yi sekeriwe eka maletere ya [[Xiputukezi]], lawa endzhakunyana ma dumeke hi ku tirhisa milawu ya nsirhelelo swin’we ni ririmi ra Xifurwa hi hulumendhe ya vukoloni ya le Furwa . {{sfn|Zwartjes|2011|p=292}} {{sfn|Jacques|1998|p=21}} Tinxaka letitsongo eVietnam ti vulavula tindzimi to hlayanyana to tanihi Tay, Nung, Muong, Hmong, Cham na Khmer . Mindyangu ya tindzimi eVietnam yi katsa Austroasiatic, Kra-Dai, Sino-Tibetan, Hmong-Mien na Austronesia . Tindzimi tin’wana ta mavoko ta Xivietnam na tona ti vumbiwa emadorobeni lamakulu.

Hambileswi Vietnam yi nga xirho xa Francophone Community, Xifurwa ku suka eka xiyimo xa xona tanihi ririmi ra ximfumo ra mfumo wa vukoloni xi tsanile hi ku hatlisa naswona xi nyike ndhawu eka [[Xinghezi]] tanihi ririmi lerikulu ra matiko mambe. Hi ku cinca ka vuxaka na matiko ya le Vupeladyambu na ku cinca eka vulawuri bya ikhonomi na dyondzo, [[Xinghezi]] xi nga tirhisiwa tanihi ririmi ra vumbirhi naswona ku dyondza Xinghezi sweswi swa boha ematikweni yo tala etlhelo kumbe tanihi ndlela yin’wana yo siva Xifurwa. {{sfn|Van Van|p=9}} {{sfn|Bộ thương mại quốc tế Vương quốc Anh|2018}} Xirhaxiya ni Xijarimani swi dyondzisiwa eswikolweni swa le henhla swi nga ri swingani. {{sfn|Van Van|p=8}} Majapani, Machayina na Makorea na wona ma ya ma duma swinene tanihileswi vuxaka bya Vietnam na matiko ya le Asia Vuxa byi yaka byi tiya. {{snf|Wai-ming|2002|p=3}} {{sfn|Anh Dinh|2016|p=63}} {{sfn|Hirano|2016}}

=== Vukhongeri ===

Vietnam i tiko leri nga ni [[vukhongeri]] byo tala ni ripfumelo ro tala . Vunyingi bya vanhu va le Vietnam a va wela eka nhlengeletano yihi na yihi ya vukhongeri kambe hi nkarhi lowu fanaka vo tala va vona va tirhisa ripfumelo ra vanhu . [[Vubhuda|Vubudha]] byi sunguriwe swin’we ni Vuconfucius ni Vutao (hi ku hlangana byi tiviwa tanihi vukhongeri byinharhu ) leswaku byi kucetela ndhavuko wa Mavietnam. Vubudha bya le Vietnam ngopfu-ngopfu i bya Mahayana naswona byi tshame byi va ni xiyimo xa vukhongeri bya mfumo hi nkarhi wa Vuhosi bya Ly na Tran . Vuconfucius byi fikelele xiyimo xo hlawuleka ehansi ka vuhosi byo sungula bya Le na Nguyen.  Mianakanyo yin’wana ya Confucius ya ha hoxa xandla eka fambiselo ra ntshamisano ra le Vietnam.Vukhatoliki byi sunguriwe ku sukela eka lembe-xidzana leri hundzeke 16; Masungulo ya Vukhatoliki bya le Vietnam ma simekiwile swinene hi lembe-xidzana leri 17 hi varhumiwa va Majesuit va Maputukezi ni va [[Ithali|le Italy]] .  Vuprotestente byi chumayeriwe eVietnam ku sukela eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana leri 20 hi United Gospel Mission . [[Vuhindu]] naswona endzhakunyana [[Vusurumani|Vuislem]] byi hangalake eChampa . Handle ka vukhongeri bya misava, Vietnam yi tlhela yi va ni vukhongeri byo hlayanyana bya le ndzeni byo tanihi Cao Dai na Hoa Hao .

=== Xigevenga ===

Vietnam ri ni tibiliyoni Mimpimo ya vugevenga yi le hansi ku tlula matiko man'wana lama hluvukeke .  Nam Cam, Khanh Trang i swikombiso swin’wana swa mintlawa ya vugevenga lebyi hlelekeke .

Vietnam i ndhawu leyi nga ni swingwavila swa vunghwavava ni swidzidzirisi .  Vietnam ri kuceteriwa hi tindhawu to xavisa swidzidziharisi to tanihi Golden Triangle na Golden Crescent. 

=== Dyondzo ===
Tibiliyoni Xiphemu xa mpimanyeto wa mfumo wa dyondzo xi tlakuke ku suka eka 10.89% hi 2005 ku ya eka 12.05% hi 2010 na 16.85% hi 2012. 

Le Vietnam ku ni swiyimo swa 5 swa dyondzo: xikolo xa le hansi, xikolo xa le xikarhi, xikolo xa le henhla, yunivhesiti ni xa le ndzhaku ka tidyondzo ta le henhla . Tiyunivhesiti ti tele ngopfu eHanoi na [[Ho Chi Minh City|Doroba.Ho Chi Minh]] . Hi ku ya hi mbuyelo wa Nkambisiso wa Swichudeni wa Matiko ya Misava ( PISA ) wa Nhlangano wa Ntirhisano wa Ikhonomi na Nhluvukiso (OECD) lowu tivisiweke hi 2013, xiringaniso xa tinhlayo ta tidyondzo ta Sayense ta swichudeni swa le Vietnam eka malembe ya 15 hi 2012 xi ve eka xiyimo xa vu-8 emisaveni.  Ku ni mavonelo ya leswaku mbuyelo lowu a wu kombisi kahle khwalithi ya dyondzo ya le Vietnam hikuva swikolo swa le henhla, hi ku ya hi swiletelo swa Ndzawulo ya Dyondzo ni Vuleteri, swi lunghiselele xikambelo xa PISA hi vukheta swinene ka ha ri emahlweni.  

Eka xiyimo xa tiyunivhesiti, Vietnam ri na ntsengo wa 376 wa tikholichi na tiyunivhesiti etikweni hinkwaro, laha Ndzawulo ya Dyondzo yi lawulaka hi ku kongoma swikolo swa 54. Tikhamphasi ta 3 letikulu ta tiyunivhesiti etikweni ti katsa Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Hanoi, Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Doroba ra Ho Chi Minh, na Yunivhesiti ya Polytechnic ya Hanoi . Hi 1988, Ndzawulo ya Tiyunivhesiti yi humese Xiboho lexi pfumelelaka ku simekiwa ka Thang Long People’s University Center, yunivhesiti yo sungula ya phurayivhete eVietnam, naswona hi 2017, Vietnam a ri ri ni swikolo swa 84 leswi simekiweke hi vanhu ni swa phurayivhete.  Nhlayo hinkwayo ya swichudeni swa tidyondzo ta le hansi eka lembe ra xikolo ra 2016–2017 i 1,767,879 wa vanhu. 

=== Vutshunguri ===

Malunghana ni switirhisiwa, ku sukela hi 2010, Vietnam a ri ri ni swibedlhele swa 1 030, tindhawu ta vuongori to pfuxeta ta 44 ni titliliniki ta mani na mani ta 622 ta xifundzha ;  na kwalomu ka 246,300 wa mibedo ya le xibedlhele.  Ku engetela eka switirhisiwa swa vutshunguri swa mfumo, sisiteme ya swa vutshunguri ya phurayivhete yi sungurile ku vumbiwa, ku katsa na 19,895 wa swivandla swa vutshunguri, 14,048 wa swivandla swa matirhelo ya tikhemisi, 7,015 wa swivandla swa mirhi ya ndhavuko, na 5 wa swibedlhele swa vuvekisi bya le matikweni mambe swi hoxe xandla eka ku hunguta ku tala ka vanhu eswibedlhele swa mfumo.  Vietnam’s grassroots health network yi na 80% wa swimitana leswi nga na vatirhi va swa vutshunguri lava tirhaka, 100% wa ti communes ti na switichi swa rihanyo, laha kwalomu ka 2/3 wa ti communes ti fikelelaka swipimelo swa tiko. 

Malunghana ni switirhisiwa swa vanhu eka bindzu leri, Vietnam sweswi ri ni fambiselo ra tiyunivhesiti ta vutshunguri ni ta mirhi leti hangalasiweke etikweni hinkwaro. Lembe ni lembe, magidi ya madokodela ya le yunivhesiti ni vakhemisi va thwasa. Ku tlhela ku va na sisiteme ya swikolo leswi letelaka vativi va swa vutshunguri, va khemisi na va meno eka miganga. Nhlayo ya vatirhi va swa vutshunguri yi ni vanhu va 250 000, ku katsa ni vanhu va 47 000 lava nga ni tidigiri ta le yunivhesiti ta mixaka hinkwayo. 

Tinhlengeletano to hlaya ta matiko ya misava ti seketela xiphemu xa ODA na nhlayo ya Minhlangano leyi nga riki ya Mfumo (NGO) yi seketerile Sekithara ya Rihanyo ya Vietnam Ku sukela hi 2010, Vukorhokeri bya Rihanyo bya Vietnam byi lawula 62 wa tiphurojeke ta ODA na ku tlula 100 wa tiNGO leti nga na mpimanyeto hinkwawo wo tlula yin’we biliyoni ya tibiliyoni USD, tiphurojeke leti hangalasiweke eka swifundzha. &lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20120731053906/http://www.dangcongsan.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30085&amp;cn_id=387823%23A3bQ6QL1S1hS Năm 2009, ngành y tế triển khai hiệu quả các nguồn vốn viện trợ] ĐCSVN 21:04 | 04/02/2010&lt;/ref&gt; Nkhathalelo wa rihanyo wa le Vietnam wu na vukungundzwana eka swiyimo swo hlaya, leswi nga kumekaka eka tindhawu hinkwato tinharhu ta vufambisi bya mfumo, vukorhokeri eka switirhisiwa swa vutshunguri na vufambisi bya ndzindzakhombo wa rihanyo. 

Hi ku ya hi tinhlayo ta 2016, vanhu va le Vietnam va hanya hi xiringaniso xa malembe ya 75,6, va le ka xiyimo xa vumbirhi eDzonga-vuxa bya Asia, endzhakunyana ka Singapore.</text>
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    <title>Malaysia</title>
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    <title>South Korea</title>
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    <redirect title="Khoriya Dzonga" />
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      <comment>correction</comment>
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    <title>North Korea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Replacing Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore_(blazon).svg with [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
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      <text bytes="549" sha1="4rogn6ste0th6qra85u08bt684hf2wd" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Republic of Singapore
|mujeko             = Flag of North Korea.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of Singapore.svg
|image              = [[File:Singapore in its region (zoom).svg|250px]]
|Ntsindza           = Pyongyang
|official_languages = Korean
|area               = 120 540
|population         = 25 368 620
|year               = 2016
|density            = 198
}}
'''North Korea''' a tiko ra [[Asia]]. Exikarhi ka lembe ra 2016, xa North Korea a wuri kwalomu ka 25.3 wa timilliyoni.

{{Axiya}}

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Onde Nascem os Fortes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>31039</id>
      <parentid>31038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-03-19T10:59:57Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="513" sha1="5spghouj7s1tg9934bvhldm7gtmuox7" xml:space="preserve">'''''Onde Nascem os Fortes''''' i ntlangu wa drama wale tikweni ra Brazil, hi lembe ra 2018&lt;ref&gt;[http://nilsonxavier.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2017/04/17/por-que-a-globo-esta-anunciando-os-dias-eram-assim-como-uma-superserie/ Por que está anunciando &quot;Os Dias Eram Assim&quot; um supersérie?]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Cast ==
* Alice Wegmann - Maria
* Gabriel Leone - Hermano Gouveia
* Fábio Assunção - Ramiro Falcão
* Patrícia Pillar - Cássia
* Débora Bloch - Rosinete Gouveia

==Ku yelanisa==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Drama]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gryfice</title>
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'''Gryfice''', ra [[Poland]], [[Europa]].

[[Category:Poland]]</text>
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    <title>Category:User zh-CN</title>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="71" sha1="jtg77y4n4an9wjflv11vj6z55w49ztf" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Chinese (China).</text>
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    <title>Category:User zh-TW</title>
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      <comment>Tluka ra ntlawa [[Project:Babele|wa Babel]] ratitumbuluxa.</comment>
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      <text bytes="72" sha1="i6vjq4b5cvaowqwm2dohyx6l1jzdfvk" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Chinese (Taiwan).</text>
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    <title>Category:User zh-HK</title>
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      <text bytes="75" sha1="oekrjinr3y0ocel2doifss0sq6khtxj" xml:space="preserve">Vatirhisi eka ntlawa lowu vana vutivi bya ririmi ra xi Chinese (Hong Kong).</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Winnie Madikizela-Mandela</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="9961" sha1="qss28gcrld56b7kwwpgxf0lio2hn4ya" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio|caption=Madikizela-Mandela hi lembe ra 1996}}
'''Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''', OLS (Vito ro tswariwa '''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela'''; 26 Ndhzati 1936&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nndb.com/people/292/000023223/ Winnie Mandela]. nndb.com&lt;/ref&gt; – 2 Dzivamisoko 2018), athlela a tiviwa tanihi '''Winnie Mandela''', akuri mulweri wantshuxeko wale Afrika Dzonga, athlela ava khlale ka nsati wa [[Nelson Mandela]]. Utirhelile tanihi xirho xa phalamendhe ya tiko kusikela hi lembe ra 1994 kuya eka 2003,&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraphFiveYearJailSentence&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/1428436/Winnie-Mandela-given-five-year-jail-sentence.html|title=Winnie Mandela given five-year jail sentence|first=Tim|last=Butcher|date=25 April 2003|publisher=|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona kusukela hi lembe ra 2009 kufikela loko a lova,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency|title=Jacob Zuma set for presidency|date=7 May 2009|website=www.brandsouthafrica.com|access-date=14 April 2018|archive-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404140710/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/developmentnews/jacob-zuma-set-for-presidency|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; athlela ava xandla ya murhangeri wa ndawulo kusukela hi lembe ra 1994 kuya eka 1996. Tani hi xirho xa vandla ra swatipolitiki ra African National Congress (ANC), uthlele a tirha eka huvo-nkulu ya vandla naswona a thlela a rhangela rhavi ra vandla ra vamanana. Madikizela-Mandela uthlela ativiwa hivalandzeri vakwe tani hi &quot;Mhani wa rixaka&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;independentObitMotherMugger&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/winnie-mandela-dead-madikizela-nelson-wife-life-story-obituary-anc-football-club-soweto-apartheid-a8285581.html|title=From 'Mother of the Nation' to 'mugger': The turbulent life of South Africa's Winnie Mandela|date=2 April 2018|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Winnie utswariwe ekaya ramaMpondo&lt;ref name=&quot;702MpondoPrincess&quot;&gt;http://www.702.co.za/articles/298087/winnie-was-born-mpondo-princess-from-an-important-eastern-cape-family&lt;/ref&gt; eBizana, naswona a a dyondzele tidyondzo ta nhlayiso ya vanhu (social worker), athlela a tekana na mulwela-ntshuxeko wa nkarhi wa xihlawu-hlawu Nelson Mandela e [[Joni]] hi 1958; ava tekanile kwalomu ka 38 wa malembe naswona avakatekisiwe hi vana vambirhi. Hi lembe ra 1963, loko Mandela atava a khotsiwile endzhaku ka huvo ya Rivonia; uvile nhlonge yale rivaleni eka malembe ya 27 laha Nelson Mandela a a khotsiwile e xihlaleni xa Robben. Eka nkarhi wolowo, Winnie u thlandlukile eka vurhangeri bya mintlawa ya valweri va ntshuxeko. Ukhotsiwile hi mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu eka makhambi yo hlaya, athlela a xanisiwa minkarhi yohlaya&lt;ref name=&quot;guardianObit&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/02/winnie-madikizela-mandela-obituary|title=Winnie Madikizela-Mandela obituary|first1=David|last1=Beresford|first2=Dan van der|last2=Vat|date=2 April 2018|website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuhlanganisa na ku thlakisiwa ayisiwa etikweni-xikaya ra Bramford.

Eka malembe yava 1980, Winnie ulumbetiwe hi kufuma hi kuchavisa naswona ari muluthanyi wa mandzolonga&lt;ref name=&quot;fiveTimesLetDownMg&quot;&gt;https://mg.co.za/article/2014-10-21-five-times-winnie-mandela-let-us-down&lt;/ref&gt; e Soweto, leswi landzeriweke hiku bakanyiwa hi minhlangano ya vulwela-ntshuxeko, athlela a tshinyiwa hi nhlangano wakwe wa ANC. Huvo ya ntiyiso na ndzivalelwano (TRC) leyi simekiweke hi nuna wakwe yibohe leswaku a a kumeka hlanganisiwa eka mpfilu-mpfilu wo xanaisa vanhu leyi a yi rhangeirwa hi xipanu xa mintlangu ya bholo ya &quot;Mandela United Football Club&quot;, lexi a xin'wisirhelela.&lt;ref name=&quot;truth-commission&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf|title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club|date=29 October 1998|access-date=10 July 2010|archive-date=4 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104033712/http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/report/finalreport/Volume%202.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Winnie u henhliwe hi ku pfumelela kuvutliwa; xanisiwa na kuhisiwa ka vanhu lava ava hehliwa kuva vatirheli va mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu&lt;ref name=&quot;trewhelaMoralProblemDailyMaverick&quot;&gt;https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;independentBodiesExhumed&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bodies-exhumed-in-anc-murder-case-linked-to-winnie-mandela-8531758.html|title=Bodies exhumed in ANC 'murder' case linked to Winnie Mandela|date=12 March 2013|website=independent.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; eka vanhu lava kuhlanganisiwa na Stompie Sepei, n'wana loyi a a ri na malembe ya 14&lt;ref name=&quot;mg2013bodies&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-15-00-bodies-probably-wont-bury-winnie|title=Bodies probably won't bury Winnie|first=Phillip De|last=Wet|website=mg.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardianRoughJustice&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/apr/27/southafrica.andrewmalone|title=Rough justice for Winnie's victims|first=Andrew|last=Malone|date=27 April 2003|website=the Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nelson Mandela na Winnie Mandela va hambanile hi lembe ra 1992, naswona vadlaya vukati hiximfumo hi lembe ra 1996 eka nwheti ya Nyenyankulu. Winnie uvhakele khale ka nuna wakwe eka vuvabyi bya kwe bya makumu.

== Matimu ==

A a ri [[Người Mpondo|Mpondo]] , loyi a velekiweke emugangeni [[Mbongweni|wa Mbongweni]] &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130316233444/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/winnie-madikizela-mandela Madikizela-Mandela profile]. Sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 30 May 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bizana|eBizana]], [[Pondoland|ePondoland]], laha sweswi ku nga xifundzhankulu xa Eastern Cape . I n’wana wa vumune endyangwini wa vamakwavo va 9 (8 wa vanhwanyana na 1 wa jaha).

U dyondzele ntirho wa vaaki eXikolweni [[Trường công tác xã hội Jan Hofmeyr|xa Ntirho wa Vanhu xa Jan Hofmeyr]] naswona u thwasile hi 1956  . Endzhaku ka malembe ma nga ri mangani, u thwasile hi digri ya bachelor eka vuxaka bya matiko ya misava eYunivhesiti ya Witwatersrand  . U tshame etindhawini to tala to fana na Bizana, [[Shawbury]] na [[Joni]] . Ntirho wa yena wo sungula a ku ri ku va mutirhela-mfumo wa vaaki [[Bệnh viện Baragwanath|exibedlhele xa Baragwanath]] [[Soweto|eSoweto]]  .

Hi lembe ra 1958, u tekile mulwela-xihlawuhlawu Nelson Mandela eJoni, a va na vana vambirhi kutani a dlaya vukati hi 1996.

Hi 1963, endzhaku ka loko nuna wa yena a pfaleriwe ekhotsweni, u ve muyimeri wa yena wa le rivaleni eka malembe ya 27 ya yena ekhotsweni.

Hi nkarhi wolowo, u yime a lwisana ni milawu ya xihlawuhlawu ya mfumo hi nkarhi wolowo. Hikwalaho, u khomiwile minkarhi yo tala, a boheka ku tiyisela ku xanisiwa  ni [[Biệt giam|ku pfaleriwa a ri yexe]] ku ringana tin’hweti to tala.


== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mintshaho yale handle ==

* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0541692/ Winnie Mandela] on IMDb
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140212111657/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053857/ Winnie Mandela (Character)] on IMDb
* [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73780409.html?dids=73780409:73780409&amp;FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:FT&amp;date=FEB+18%2C+1989&amp;author=William+Claiborne&amp;pub=The+Washington+Post&amp;desc=Fall+of+Winnie+Mandela+Began+Nearly+2+Years+Ago%3B+Erratic+Behavior+Preceded+R &quot;Fall of Winnie Mandela Began Nearly 2 Years Ago; Erratic Behavior Preceded Recent Violence&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006174728/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73780409.html?dids=73780409:73780409&amp;FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:FT&amp;date=FEB+18,+1989&amp;author=William+Claiborne&amp;pub=The+Washington+Post&amp;desc=Fall+of+Winnie+Mandela+Began+Nearly+2+Years+Ago%3B+Erratic+Behavior+Preceded+R |date=2012-10-06 }}, The Washington Post, 18 February 1989
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/10/16/winnie16.xml &quot;Winnie Mandela on bank fraud charges&quot;], Telegraph, 15 October 2001
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/12/05/win05.html &quot;Mrs Mandela defies accusers&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050313073900/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1997%2F12%2F05%2Fwin05.html |date=2005-03-13 }}, Telegraph, 5 December 1997
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/09/06/wman06.html &quot;Winnie Mandela 'had hand in boy's murder'&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041121175750/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1997%2F09%2F06%2Fwman06.html |date=2004-11-21 }}, Telegraph, 9 December 1997
* [http://kaganof.com/kagablog/2008/01/09/special-investigation-into-the-mandela-united-football-club/ &quot;Special Investigation into the Mandela United Football Club&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815073731/http://kaganof.com/kagablog/2008/01/09/special-investigation-into-the-mandela-united-football-club/ |date=2010-08-15 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160228135801/http://the-write-stuff.com.au/archives/vol-1/reviews/winnie.html ''The Lady: the life and times of Winnie Mandela''] by Emma Gilbey. London: Vintage, 1994. {{ISBN|0-09-938801-4}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20001002042602/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/pr/1989/pr0218.html NEC statement on Mandela Football Club], 19 February 1989
* [http://www.bookrags.com/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela &quot;Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Biography Summary&quot;]
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/466738 &quot;Winnie Mandela and the Moffies&quot;]
* [http://www.japantoday.com/jp/news/408566 Report on Winnie Mandela] (dead link) on ''Japan Today News''
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8474580.stm Can Winnie Mandela's Heroism Outshine her Crimes?] by ''BBC News'', 25 January 2010

[[Category:Vanhu]]

{{Lifetime|1936|2018|Winnie Madikizela-Mandela}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chavalala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5059</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36427</id>
      <parentid>36336</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-01-29T21:35:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>41.242.160.234</ip>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1404" sha1="ewdkm4og3q97oylkeq5gm051yqiybdz" xml:space="preserve">]
“I HOMU YA MAKOVONGO VA MAKHWITA HLAVELO I VA HlAKATI

 VA MA TSAN’WA KULALA I VADYI VA TIHLAMPFI   MSHENGU”

Muti kumbe tinyimba ta mbhombhi…

1.      Ntsan’wakulala : mudyandzhaka loyi loko vamakwavo loyi va nga lava ku n’wi dlhayela vudyandzhaka , a ngabangulela etikweni ra maharimani (va ka valoyi) lava a valava ku n’wi dlayela vuhlolerheli bya maswati.endzhaku va n’wi  amukele a ri wale vukosini lebyi byi n’wi tokeleke vuna kulobye lebyi byi n’wi fikiseke laha a ngava mukon’wana wa hosi ya va ka valoyi.

1.makhovongo

2.Rivimbi

3.nhlakati

4.mahohlo

5.xiyoko

Matsune wa nkwahle,in’wana wa nkhomi –mukhomi wa ncila wa ndlopfu wa machivirika wa manambani wa xigole wa malangadzha wa ntsan’wakulala –rimani maswazi miandza wa mbhombhi –ngoma ya matiko wa nghwana /chavalala ntukulu wa vangoni…               

                 “I vaka ngoma ya fumu , va tlharihi ro ka mpfukano  . va rifuwo ra tlharhi va ka nyoxi ,xilwela

                    Vulombe hi ndzhombho va ka hlalela vombe .makhwita –nhlavela,mutwa wu ri enengeni va

                   Va xihla xa mhala xo ka nawuri .xifaki ava tshovelani ,vatshovelana timba ringana madingwi

                   Hi va xingwidzhi va dyi va tinhlampfi va n’wi va mati yo dzhunga va maxava rihunga ,va

                   Xava hi mumu”…

swin'wana swa swivongo swa ka Chavalala i Muyeni,Mchavi,Mbhombhi</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Khosa</title>
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    <id>5060</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>41516</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-05T01:03:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-21067-15</username>
        <id>12633</id>
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      <origin>41533</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2107" sha1="0ss0w4707rqibmqyanv30ijxhrwr5hq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                  = Khosa
| title                 = 
| image                 = [[File:Coats of arms of None.svg||125px]]
| caption               = '''&quot;Ripanga ra kuxeka&quot;'''
| reign                 = Khoseni
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Bushbuckridge]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Maputo]]{{·}}[[Magudu]]{{·}} [[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Hokwe]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini               =  &lt;small&gt;[[Malelane]]{{·}}[[Kanyamazane]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Zimbabwe              =   &lt;small&gt;[[Beitbridge East: Chelele, Dalala]]{{·}}[[Malabe]]{{·}}&lt;/small&gt;
| Ntlawa                = Djonga
}}

=== Xiphato xaka khosa ===
ku na ku hambana ka ma phatelo ya xivongo lexi xa vakhoseni kambe vona i van'we.

{|
|-
|&lt;blockquote&gt; ‘Ripanga ro xeka tsindza&lt;br&gt; Mavona kule(Mavone)&lt;br&gt; Mahlongola-n’weti&lt;br&gt; Magelevedze&lt;br&gt; Makula-nhloko&lt;br&gt; Mubarhule,makula-nkondzo&lt;br&gt; Xirima –ribye&lt;br&gt; Manantswa munyu emajekejekeni&lt;br&gt; Xingwingwa vusiku&lt;br&gt; Matlula –tinungu&lt;br&gt; Wo yima hi nkombe&lt;br&gt; Mahumula hi ku etlela&lt;br&gt; Mata na hunguva&lt;br&gt; Mahlota –vusiku&lt;br&gt; Marimbela yindlu&lt;br&gt; Hi dzovo ra ngwenya&lt;br&gt; Khovota vanhu&lt;br&gt; Wa ka ntila a wu landziwi&lt;br&gt; Wu tsandze vangoni na vanyombozi&lt;br&gt; Muxini &lt;/blockquote&gt; || &lt;blockquote&gt; Mudyi wa swidluwani a tlhe a tola miri&lt;br&gt; Ndzilo wa ndzhongo&lt;br&gt; Mhangani yo bava&lt;br&gt; Gama ra ntima&lt;br&gt; Matlhavela ku tshika&lt;br&gt; Xivumbela tsukutsa&lt;br&gt; Xi vumbela vurhena&lt;br&gt; Mutsemi wa swikhono&lt;br&gt; Nghomu-nghomu&lt;br&gt; Nhlanga wa mavele&lt;br&gt; Wa nkanyi wo sihalala&lt;br&gt; Dyambu ra mumu&lt;br&gt; Xihuhuri xa dzonga&lt;br&gt;
Mahora nsisi&lt;br&gt; Mahungela tuva&lt;br&gt; Ri hisa ri nga se xa;&lt;br&gt; Phophula ra nkanyi mahatla ku hluka&lt;br&gt; Hi leriya;&lt;br&gt; Ri lo mhooo&lt;/blockquote&gt;
|-
|}

== Rhavi e ka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==
Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Khosa, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va djonga va Vahlavi''' e ka rixaka ra Vatsonga.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
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    <title>Category:User ru-3</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2018-05-25T14:58:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Capmo</username>
        <id>3034</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:User ru]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31082</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20" sha1="14tdnwe4ldru53s2e7jpx833jefvs60" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:User ru]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2018-06-16T20:39:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GerardM</username>
        <id>130</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{main other|[[Category:Pages with templates in the wrong namespace]]}} &lt;div style='margin-bottom:5px;border-bottom:3px solid #2F74D0;'&gt; &lt;div style='float:right'&gt;[https://tool...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="902" sha1="ktclad7q4qepdv4q5t8c9ynxc0ev9bx" xml:space="preserve">{{main other|[[Category:Pages with templates in the wrong namespace]]}}
&lt;div style='margin-bottom:5px;border-bottom:3px solid #2F74D0;'&gt;
&lt;div style='float:right'&gt;[https://tools.wmflabs.org/listeria/index.php?action=update&amp;lang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}} Automatically update the list now] | {{#if:{{{sparql|}}}|[//query.wikidata.org/#{{urlencode:{{{sparql|}}}|PATH}} SPARQL] {{!}} }}[https://tools.wmflabs.org/fist/wdfist/index.html?sparql={{urlencode:{{{sparql|}}}|PATH}}&amp;no_images_only=1&amp;remove_used=1&amp;remove_multiple=1 Find images]&lt;/div&gt;
This list is automatically generated from data in [[Wikidata]] and is periodically updated by [https://tools.wmflabs.org/listeria/ Listeriabot].&lt;br/&gt; &lt;mark&gt;'''Edits made within the list area will be removed on the next update!'''&lt;/mark&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Category:Lists based on Wikidata]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2018-06-16T20:39:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GerardM</username>
        <id>130</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div style='margin-top:5px;border-top:3px solid #2F74D0;font-size:8pt'&gt;End of auto-generated list.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; This template marks the &quot;end&quot; of...&quot;</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="243" sha1="mbr8kx027j2cckq9mlvq25xbjy0wps7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div style='margin-top:5px;border-top:3px solid #2F74D0;font-size:8pt'&gt;End of auto-generated list.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
This template marks the &quot;end&quot; of {{tl|Wikidata list}}.

[[Category:Wikidata templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2018-06-16T20:45:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GerardM</username>
        <id>130</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div style='margin-top:5px;border-top:3px solid #2F74D0;font-size:8pt'&gt;End of auto-generated list.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; This template marks the &quot;end&quot; of...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="243" sha1="mbr8kx027j2cckq9mlvq25xbjy0wps7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div style='margin-top:5px;border-top:3px solid #2F74D0;font-size:8pt'&gt;End of auto-generated list.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
This template marks the &quot;end&quot; of {{tl|Wikidata list}}.

[[Category:Wikidata templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Module:Wikibase</title>
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      <timestamp>2018-07-21T12:57:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- Module:Wikibase local p = {}   -- Return the item ID of the item linked to the current page. function p.id(frame)     entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject()     if entity =...&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1279" sha1="szgavzk1srsibobfr9f1t1k38fk0jee" xml:space="preserve">-- Module:Wikibase
local p = {}
 
-- Return the item ID of the item linked to the current page.
function p.id(frame)
    entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject()
    if entity == nil then
        return &quot;ezer ere ez&quot;
    end
    return entity.id
end
 
-- Return the label of a given data item.
function p.label(frame)
    if frame.args[1] == nil then
        entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject()
        if not entity then return nil end
        id = entity.id
    else
        id = frame.args[1]
    end
    return mw.wikibase.label( id )
end
 
-- Return the local page about a given data item.
function p.page(frame)
    if frame.args[1] == nil then
        entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject()
        if not entity then return nil end
        id = entity.id
    else
        id = frame.args[1]
    end
    return mw.wikibase.sitelink( id )
end
 
-- Return the first value of given property of the item linked to the current page.
function p.firstproperty(frame)
    local property = frame.args[1]
    local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject()
    if not entity then return nil end
    if not entity.claims then return nil end
    local hasProp = entity.claims[property]
    if not hasProp then return nil end
    return hasProp[0].mainsnak.datavalue.value
end
 
return p</text>
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    <title>Template:Bio</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>39764</id>
      <parentid>39763</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-10-23T15:40:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Derek J Moore</username>
        <id>10629</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>lets try now</comment>
      <origin>39764</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14944" sha1="gqmqqfk2yajjsfs5z7xs132n1v6hw98" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- New infobox copied and localised from [[:dag:Tɛmplet:Bio]] by [[:ts:User:Derek J Moore]] --&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Infobox
| abovestyle = background-color: lightsteelblue
| aboveclass = hd
| headerstyle = background-color: lightsteelblue
| above = {{PAGENAME}}
| image = {{#if:{{#Property:P10|from={{{item|}}}}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P10|formatting=[[File:$1|260px]]|list=false}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P18|formatting=[[File:$1|260px]]|value={{{image|}}}|list=false}}}}{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P2096|formatting=&lt;br/&gt; $1|list=false}}
| caption = {{#invoke:Wikidata|claim|property=P18|qualifier=P2096|formatting={{PAGELANGUAGE}}|value={{{caption|}}}|rowformat=$1}}
| image2 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim |property=P990|formatting=[[File:$1|260px]]|list=false}}
| caption2 = &lt;small&gt;Voice&lt;/small&gt;


| data1= {{#if:{{#Property:P39}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata |claim |formatting=table |property=P39 |qualifier=P580| qualifier2=P582 |qualifier3=P1365 |qualifier4=P1366 |qualifier5=P768 |qualifier6=P1545 |qualifier7=P2715 |qualifier8=P94 |qualifier9=P708|rowformat= {{bio/position|$8 $6 $0}} &lt;br /&gt;$1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $9 $7 |rowsubformat1 = $1&amp;nbsp;- | rowsubformat3=&lt;br /&gt;&amp;larr; $3 | rowsubformat4=- $4 &amp;rarr; | rowsubformat5=&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|District}}: $5&lt;/small&gt; | rowsubformat7=&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Election}}: $7&lt;/small&gt; | rowsubformat6=$6. | rowsubformat8={{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=$8 |size=25px|sizedefault=frameless |upright=3|suppressplaceholder=yes}}&lt;br /&gt; | rowsubformat9=&lt;br /&gt;{{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Dioceses}}: $9|tablesort=1}}}} 

&lt;!--- FIRST BLOCK: LIFE ---&gt;
| header2 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Life}}
| label3 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Full name}}
| data3 = {{#invoke:Wikidata|claim|property=P1477|formatting=text}}
| label4 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Birth}}
| data4 = {{#if:{{#Property:P19}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P19|formatting = internallink}},&amp;nbsp;}}{{{date of birth|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P569|list=false}}}}}{{#if:{{#Property:P570}}||{{#invoke:Wikidata|yearsOld|formatting=&amp;nbsp;(run $1)}}}}
| label5 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Citizenship}}
| data5 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P27|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;|value={{{citizenship|}}}}}
| label6 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Residence}}
| data6 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P551|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label7 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Ethnic group}}
| data7 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P172|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label8 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|First language}}
| data8 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P103|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label9 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Death}}
| data9 = {{#if:{{#Property:P20}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P20|formatting = internallink}},&amp;nbsp;}}{{{date of death|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P570|list=false}}}}}{{#if:{{#Property:P569}}||{{#invoke:Wikidata|yearsOld|formatting=(run $1)}}}}
| label10 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Place of internment}}
| data10 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P119|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label11 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Manner of death}}
| data11 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1196|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;|case=singularra}}{{#if:{{#Property:P509}}|&amp;nbsp;({{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P509|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}})}}
| label12 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Killed by}}
| data12 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P157|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}

&lt;!--- FAMILY BLOCK ---&gt;
| header20 = {{#if:{{#Property:P22}}{{#Property:P25}}{{#Property:P26}}{{#Property:P451}}{{#Property:P40}}{{#Property:P3373}}{{#Property:P1038}}|{{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Family}}}}
| label21 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Father}}
| data21 = {{#if:{{#Property:P22}}|[[{{#Property:P22}}]]}}
| label22 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Mother}}
| data22 = {{#if:{{#Property:P25}}|[[{{#Property:P25}}]]}}
| label23 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Spouse(s)}}
| data23 = {{#ifeq:{{#Property:P26}}|no value|{{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Not married}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P26|qualifier=P580|qualifier2=P582|formatting = table|rowformat = $0 $1|rowsubformat1=&lt;small&gt;&amp;nbsp;($1$2)&lt;/small&gt;|rowsubformat2=&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;$2|tablesort=1|colformat0=internallink}}}}
| label24 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Couple(s)}}
| data24 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P451|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label25 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Children}}
| data25 = {{#if:{{#Property:P40}}|{{collapsible list|title=view|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P40|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}}}}}
| label26 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Siblings}}
| data26 = {{#if:{{#Property:P3373}}|{{collapsible list|title=view|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P3373|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}}}}}
| label27 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Ascent}}
| data27 = {{#if:{{#Property:P1038}}|{{collapsible list|title=view|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1038|qualifier=P1039|formatting = table|rowformat $0 $1|rowsubformat1=&lt;small&gt;$1&lt;/small&gt;|colformat0=internallink}}}}}}
| label28 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Tribe}}
| data28 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P53|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}

&lt;!--- EDUCATION BLOCK ---&gt;
| header30 = {{#if:{{#property:P69}}{{#property:P512}}{{#property:P184}}{{#property:P185}}{{#property:P1412}}|Education}}
| label31 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Alma mater}}
| data31 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P69|formatting = table|qualifier=P580|qualifier2=P582|qualifier3=P512|qualifier4=P812|rowformat = $0 $1 $2 $3 $4|rowsubformat1 =&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;($1 -&lt;/small&gt;|rowsubformat2=&lt;small&gt;$2)&lt;/small&gt;|rowsubformat3 = &lt;small&gt;$3&lt;/small&gt;|rowsubformat4 =&lt;small&gt;: $4&lt;/small&gt;|tablesort=1}}
| label32 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Education level}}
| data32 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P512|formatting = internallink|case=singularra|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label33 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Thesis}}
| data33 = {{#if:{{#Property:P1026}}|''{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1476|item={{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1026|formatting = raw}}|formatting=text}}''}}
| label34 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Thesis director}}
| data34 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P184|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label35 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Doctoral students}}
| data35 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P185|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label36 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Languages}}
| data36 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1412|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label37 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Teachers}}
| data37 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1066|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label38 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Students}}
| data38 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P802|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}

&lt;!--- OCCUPATION ---&gt;
| header39 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Occupation}}
| label40 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Occupation}}
| data40 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P106|formatting = internallink}}

&lt;!--- SPORTS: You will need the subtemplates in :eu:Txantiloi:Biografia infotaula automatikoa/kirola for the parameters of each sport ---&gt;
| data41 = {{#if:{{#Property:P641}}|{{bio/sport|{{#Property:P641}}}}}}
| data42 = {{collapsible list|title={{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Participant of}}|&lt;!-- JUST COPY THE CONTENT FROM eu:Txantiloi:Biografia infotaula automatikoa/kirola/domina--&gt;{{bio/sport/medal| {{#invoke:Wikidata |claim |formatting=table |property=P1344 |qualifier=P166| qualifier2=P1352|rowformat=$1$0 $2|rowsubformat2=($2.)}} }} }}
| data43 = {{collapsible list|title=Winner of|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1346|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}} }}
| label44 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Position or speciality}}
| data44 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P413|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label45 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Sport-number}}
| data45 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1618|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label48 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Weight}}
| data48 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P2067|formatting=unitcode}}
| label49 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Height}}
| data49 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P2048|formatting=unitcode}}

&lt;!--- GENERAL OCCUPATION ---&gt;
| label50 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Workplace}}
| data50 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P937|formatting = internallink}}
| label51 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Employers}}
| data51 = {{#invoke:Wikidata |claim |property=P108| qualifier=P580| qualifier2=P582|formatting = table|rowformat = $0 $1 $2|rowsubformat1=&lt;small&gt;&amp;nbsp;($1 -&lt;/small&gt;|rowsubformat2=&lt;small&gt;&amp;nbsp;$2&lt;/small&gt;)|tablesort=1}}
| label52 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Important works}}
| data52 = {{#if:{{#Property:P800}}|''{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P800|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}''}}

| label53 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Prizes}}
| data53 = {{collapsible list|title=view|{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P166 |qualifier=P585| qualifier2=P1027 |qualifier3=P1686|formatting=table
              |rowformat = {{((}}Sub-item image{{!}}$0{{!}}P2425{{!}}40x20px{{))}} [[{{((}}#invoke:Wikibase{{!}}label{{!}}$0{{))}}]] $2 $1 $3 |rowsubformat1=&lt;small&gt;&amp;nbsp;($1)&lt;/small&gt; |rowsubformat2=: &lt;small&gt;$2&lt;/small&gt;|rowsubformat3=: &lt;small&gt;$3&lt;/small&gt; | colformat0=raw | colformat2=internallink| separator=&lt;br /&gt;}}}}
| label54 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Nominated to}}
| data54 = {{collapsible list|title=view|{{#invoke:Wikidata |claim |formatting=table |property=P1411|tablesort=1 |qualifier=P585| qualifier2=P1027 |qualifier3=P1686|rowformat=$0 $2 $1 $3 |rowsubformat1=&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;($1)&lt;/small&gt; |rowsubformat2=&lt;small&gt;: $2&lt;/small&gt;|rowsubformat3=&lt;small&gt;: $3&lt;/small&gt;}}}}
| label55 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Influenced by}}
| data55 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P737|formatting = internallink}}

| label57 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Membership}}
| data57 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P463|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label58 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Movement}}
| data58 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P135|formatting = internallink|case=singularra|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label59 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Nicknames}}
| data59 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P742|formatting = label}}

&lt;!-- Music --&gt;
| label60 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Artistic movement}}
| data60 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P136|formatting = internallink|case=singularra|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label61 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Voice type}}
| data61 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P412|formatting = internallink|case=singularra|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label62 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Fach}}
| data62 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1731|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label63 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Music instrument}}
| data63 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P1303|formatting = internallink|case=singularra|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label64 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Record label}}
| data64 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P264|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}

&lt;!-- Saints --&gt;
| header70 = {{#if:{{#Property:P841}}|{{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Feast}}}}
| data71 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P841|formatting = internallink}}

&lt;!--- Military ---&gt;
| header75 = {{#if:{{#Property:P241}}{{#Property:P607}}|{{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Military service}}}}
| label76 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Military branch}}
| data76 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P241|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label77 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Degree}}
| data77 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P410|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label78 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Fought at}}
| data78 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P607|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}

&lt;!-- Astronauts--&gt;
| header80 = {{#if:{{#Property:P450}}{{#Property:P2873}}|{{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Astronaut}}}}
| label81 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Missions}}
| data81 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P450|formatting = internallink|separator=&amp;nbsp;|conjunction=&amp;nbsp;}}
| label82 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Mission patch}}
| data82 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P450|formatting = table|rowformat={{((}}subitem image{{!}}$0{{!}}P154{{!}}50x50px{{))}}|colformat0=raw |separator=&amp;nbsp;|conjunction=&amp;nbsp;}}
| label83 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Time at space}}
| data83 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P2873|formatting = unit}}

&lt;!--- BELIEVINGS ---&gt;
| header90 = {{#if:{{#Property:P140}}{{#Property:P102}}{{#Property:P611}}|{{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Belief}}}}
| label91 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Religion}}
| data91 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P140|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label92 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Religious-order}}
| data92 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P611|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}
| label93 = {{Bio/{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|Political parties}}
| data93 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P102|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}

&lt;!-- SIGNATURE AND LINKS --&gt;
|label97 = [[IMDb]]
|data97 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P345|formatting = [http://www.imdb.com/name/$1 $1]}}
|data98 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P856|formatting = weblink}}
|data99 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P109|formatting = [[File:$1|200px]]}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;templatedata&gt;
{
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;item&quot;: {},
		&quot;image&quot;: {},
		&quot;caption&quot;: {},
		&quot;date of birth&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Month and year&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The month and year that the template was added&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;January 2013&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;autovalue&quot;: &quot;{{SUBST:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{SUBST:CURRENTYEAR}}&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;citizenship&quot;: {},
		&quot;date of death&quot;: {},
		&quot;URL&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;{{URL|https//www.example.com|Official Website}}&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;url&quot;
		},
		&quot;place of birth&quot;: {
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;Nationality&quot;: {},
		&quot;Education&quot;: {},
		&quot;Notable work&quot;: {},
		&quot;Name&quot;: {
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;
		}
	}
}
&lt;/templatedata&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gqmqqfk2yajjsfs5z7xs132n1v6hw98</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Bio/ts</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31869</id>
      <parentid>31867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-07-30T17:51:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>31869</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3958" sha1="qvii7fbgmegacryqwt964q2861a2gqc" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1}}}
|Life = Vutomi
|Full name = Vito
|Birth = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P19}}}}
|Citizenship = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P27}}}}
|Residence = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P551}}}}
|Ethnic group = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P172}}}}
|First language = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P103}}}}
|Death = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P20}}}}
|Place of burial = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P119}}}}
|Manner of death = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1196}}}}
|Killed by = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P157}}}}
&lt;!-- elections, positions... --&gt;
|District = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P768}}}}
|Election = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P2715}}}}
|Dioceses = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P708}}}}
&lt;!-- family block --&gt;
|Family = Ndyangu
|Father = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P22}}}}
|Mother = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P25}}}}
|Spouse(s) = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P26}}}}
|Not married = Angatekiwanga
|Couple(s) = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P451}}}}
|Children = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P40}}}}
|Siblings = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P3373}}}}
|Ascent = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1038}}}}
|Tribe = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P53}}}}
&lt;!-- education block --&gt;
|Alma mater = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P69}}}}
|Education level = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P512}}}}
|Thesis = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1026}}}}
|Thesis director = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P184}}}}
|Doctoral students = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P185}}}}
|Languages = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1412}}}}
|Teachers = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1066}}}}
|Students = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P802}}}}
&lt;!-- Occupation --&gt;
|Occupation = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P106}}}}
|Participant of = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1477}}}}
|Position or speciality = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1344}}}}
|Sport-number = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P413}}}}
|Weight = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P2067}}}}
|Height ={{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P2048}}}}
|Workplace = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P937}}}}
|Employers = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P108}}}}
|Important works = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P800}}}}
|Prizes = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P166}}}}
|Nominated to = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1411}}}}
|Influenced by = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P737}}}}
|Membership = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P463}}}}
|Movement = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P135}}}}
|Nicknames = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P742}}}}
&lt;!-- Music --&gt;
|Artistic movement = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P136}}}}
|Voice type = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P412}}}}
|Fach = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1731}}}}
|Music instrument = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P1303}}}}
|Record label = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P264}}}}
&lt;!-- Saints --&gt;
|Feast = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P841}}}}
&lt;!-- Military --&gt;
|Military service = Vusocha
|Military branch = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P241}}}}
|Degree = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P410}}}}
|Fought at = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P607}}}}
&lt;!-- Astronauts --&gt;
|Astronaut = Muendzi wale xibhakabhakeni
|Missions = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P450}}}}
|Mission patch = Mfungo wa vurhumiwa
|Time at space = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P2873}}}}
&lt;!-- Believings --&gt;
|Belief = Vupfumeri
|Religion = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P140}}}}
|Religious-order = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P611}}}}
|Political parties = {{ucfirst:{{#invoke:wikibase|label|P102}}}}

&lt;!-- SPORTS --&gt;
|Athletics = Tamajatu
|Sport discipline = Muxaka watamintlangu
|Records = Vuxokoxoko
|Criteria = Xiyenge
|Date = Siku
|Personal records = Vuxokoxoko byavumunhu
|Speciality = Xihlawulekisi
|Place = Ndzhawu
}}</text>
      <sha1>qvii7fbgmegacryqwt964q2861a2gqc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:((</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5407</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31790</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:02:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31790</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2" sha1="12pdiubnx5a18m40c9undnlmt4cb1o0" xml:space="preserve">{{</text>
      <sha1>12pdiubnx5a18m40c9undnlmt4cb1o0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:))</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5408</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31791</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:02:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31791</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2" sha1="8fjf3hjuj07tdh6aq0z1wcya5rson4p" xml:space="preserve">}}</text>
      <sha1>8fjf3hjuj07tdh6aq0z1wcya5rson4p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Bio/position</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5409</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31792</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:04:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;table class=&quot;infotaula {{{bodyclass|}}}&quot;  align=&quot;right&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;margin-width: 0; width:100%; text-align:left; line-height:1.5em; {{{bodystyle|}}}&quot;&gt;{{Infobox/ro...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31792</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="251" sha1="1ajtbtfwzx9r163f0i5ws7f69wnovvt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table class=&quot;infotaula {{{bodyclass|}}}&quot;  align=&quot;right&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;margin-width: 0; width:100%; text-align:left; line-height:1.5em; {{{bodystyle|}}}&quot;&gt;{{Infobox/row
 |header={{{1}}}|headerstyle= background-color: lightsteelblue;
}}&lt;/table&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1ajtbtfwzx9r163f0i5ws7f69wnovvt</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox/row</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5410</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31793</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:04:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#if:{{{header|}}}  |&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;{{{class|}}}&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; {{{headerstyle|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{header}}}&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  |{{#if:{{{data|}}}   |&lt;tr class=&quot;{{{rowcla...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31793</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="460" sha1="kcgmy2ugkp7emnsa30l7042uywiepk6" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{header|}}}
 |&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;{{{class|}}}&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; {{{headerstyle|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{header}}}&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 |{{#if:{{{data|}}}
  |&lt;tr class=&quot;{{{rowclass|}}}&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{label|}}}
   |&lt;th style=&quot;text-align:left font-style:normal; {{{labelstyle|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{label}}}&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td class=&quot;{{{class|}}}&quot; style=&quot;{{{datastyle|}}}&quot;&gt;
   |&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;{{{class|}}}&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; {{{datastyle|}}}&quot;&gt;
  }}{{{data}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 }}
}}</text>
      <sha1>kcgmy2ugkp7emnsa30l7042uywiepk6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Bio/sport/medal</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5411</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31794</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:06:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#invoke:string|replace&lt;!-- --&gt;|source={{#invoke:string|replace&lt;!-- ------------&gt;|source={{#invoke:string|replace&lt;!-- ----------------------&gt;|source={{{1|}}}&lt;!-- ------------...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31794</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="508" sha1="al5t51co8cy9rco72538z8f06iykwzg" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:string|replace&lt;!--
--&gt;|source={{#invoke:string|replace&lt;!--
------------&gt;|source={{#invoke:string|replace&lt;!--
----------------------&gt;|source={{{1|}}}&lt;!--
----------------------&gt;|pattern=wikidata:Q15889643&lt;!--
----------------------&gt;|replace=File:Bronze medal icon.svg&lt;!--
---------------------&gt;}}&lt;!--
------------&gt;|pattern=wikidata:Q15889641&lt;!--
------------&gt;|replace=File:Silver medal icon.svg&lt;!--
-----------&gt;}}&lt;!--
--&gt;|pattern=wikidata:Q15243387&lt;!--
--&gt;|replace=File:Gold medal icon.svg&lt;!--
--&gt;}}</text>
      <sha1>al5t51co8cy9rco72538z8f06iykwzg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Sub-item image</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5412</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31795</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:07:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#if: {{#property:{{{2|P154}}}|from={{{1|}}} }}|file:{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | item={{{1|}}}| property={{{2|P154}}}|list=false }}|{{{3|30px}}}|[[{{#invoke:Wikibase|label...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31795</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="191" sha1="748ubh2y3s5zula5f9ot1xvivb608js" xml:space="preserve">{{#if: {{#property:{{{2|P154}}}|from={{{1|}}} }}|[[file:{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | item={{{1|}}}| property={{{2|P154}}}|list=false }}|{{{3|30px}}}|[[{{#invoke:Wikibase|label|{{{1}}}}}]]]]}}</text>
      <sha1>748ubh2y3s5zula5f9ot1xvivb608js</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Delink</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5413</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31796</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:08:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:delink|delink}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31796</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" sha1="09eyefmy374kb88ygly709qmnrgx7so" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:delink|delink}}</text>
      <sha1>09eyefmy374kb88ygly709qmnrgx7so</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Delink</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5414</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31797</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:09:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module de-links most wikitext.  local p = {}  local function delinkReversePipeTrick(s)     if s:match(&quot;^%[%[|.*[|\n]&quot;) then -- Check for newlines or multiple pipes....&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31797</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6906" sha1="ivh2fvvp2la22yhrqx0v2r2pea1unnf" xml:space="preserve">-- This module de-links most wikitext.

local p = {}

local function delinkReversePipeTrick(s)
    if s:match(&quot;^%[%[|.*[|\n]&quot;) then -- Check for newlines or multiple pipes.
        return s
    else
        return s:match(&quot;%[%[|(.*)%]%]&quot;)
    end
end

local function delinkPipeTrick(s)
    local linkarea, display = &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;
    -- We need to deal with colons, brackets, and commas, per [[Help:Pipe trick]].
    
    -- First, remove the text before the first colon, if any.
    if s:match(&quot;:&quot;) then
        s = s:match(&quot;%[%[.-:(.*)|%]%]&quot;)
    -- If there are no colons, grab all of the text apart from the square brackets and the pipe.
    else
        s = s:match(&quot;%[%[(.*)|%]%]&quot;)
    end
    
    -- Next up, brackets and commas.
    if s:match(&quot;%(.-%)$&quot;) then -- Brackets trump commas.
        s = s:match(&quot;(.-) ?%(.-%)$&quot;)
    elseif s:match(&quot;,&quot;) then -- If there are no brackets, display only the text before the first comma.
        s = s:match(&quot;(.-),.*$&quot;)
    end
    return s
end

local function delinkWikilink(s)
    local result = s
    -- Deal with the reverse pipe trick.
    if result:match(&quot;%[%[|&quot;) then
        return delinkReversePipeTrick(result)
    end
    
    result = mw.uri.decode(result, &quot;PATH&quot;) -- decode percent-encoded entities. Leave underscores and plus signs.
    result = mw.text.decode(result, true) -- decode HTML entities.
    
    -- Check for bad titles. To do this we need to find the
    -- title area of the link, i.e. the part before any pipes.
    local titlearea
    if result:match(&quot;|&quot;) then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link.
        titlearea = result:match(&quot;^%[%[(.-)|.*%]%]&quot;)
    else
        titlearea = result:match(&quot;^%[%[(.-)%]%]&quot;)
    end
    -- Check for bad characters.
    if mw.ustring.match(titlearea, &quot;[%[%]&lt;&gt;{}%%%c\n]&quot;) then
        return s
    end
    
    -- Check for categories, interwikis, and files.
    local colonprefix = result:match(&quot;%[%[(.-):.*%]%]&quot;) or &quot;&quot; -- Get the text before the first colon.
    local ns = mw.site.namespaces[colonprefix] -- see if this is a known namespace
    if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(colonprefix)
    or ( ns and ( ns.canonicalName == &quot;File&quot; or ns.canonicalName == &quot;Category&quot; ) ) then
        return &quot;&quot;
    end
    
    -- Remove the colon if the link is using the [[Help:Colon trick]].
    if result:match(&quot;%[%[:&quot;) then
        result = &quot;[[&quot; .. result:match(&quot;%[%[:(.*%]%])&quot;)
    end
    
    -- Deal with links using the [[Help:Pipe trick]].
    if mw.ustring.match(result, &quot;^%[%[[^|]*|%]%]&quot;) then
        return delinkPipeTrick(result)
    end
    
    -- Find the display area of the wikilink
    if result:match(&quot;|&quot;) then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link.
        result = result:match(&quot;^%[%[.-|(.+)%]%]&quot;)
        -- Remove new lines from the display of multiline piped links,
        -- where the pipe is before the first new line.
        result = result:gsub(&quot;\n&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
    else
        result = result:match(&quot;^%[%[(.-)%]%]&quot;)
    end

    return result
end

local function delinkURL(s)
    -- Assume we have already delinked internal wikilinks, and that
    -- we have been passed some text between two square brackets [foo].
    
    -- If the text contains a line break it is not formatted as a URL, regardless of other content.
    if s:match(&quot;\n&quot;) then
        return s
    end
    
    -- Check if the text has a valid URL prefix and at least one valid URL character.
    local valid_url_prefixes = {&quot;//&quot;, &quot;http://&quot;, &quot;https://&quot;, &quot;ftp://&quot;, &quot;gopher://&quot;, &quot;mailto:&quot;, &quot;news:&quot;, &quot;irc://&quot;} 
    local url_prefix
    for i,v in ipairs(valid_url_prefixes) do
        if mw.ustring.match(s, '^%[' .. v ..'[^&quot;%s].*%]' ) then
            url_prefix = v
            break
        end
    end
    
    -- Get display text
    if not url_prefix then
        return s
    end
    s = s:match(&quot;^%[&quot; .. url_prefix .. &quot;(.*)%]&quot;) -- Grab all of the text after the URL prefix and before the final square bracket.
    s = s:match('^.-([&quot;&lt;&gt; ].*)') or &quot;&quot; -- Grab all of the text after the first URL separator character (&quot;&lt;&gt; ).
    s = mw.ustring.match(s, &quot;^%s*(%S.*)$&quot;) or &quot;&quot; -- If the separating character was a space, trim it off.
    
    local s_decoded = mw.text.decode(s, true)
    if mw.ustring.match(s_decoded, &quot;%c&quot;) then
        return s
    else    
        return s_decoded
    end
end

local function delinkLinkClass(s, pattern, delinkFunction)
    if not type(s) == &quot;string&quot; then
        error(&quot;Attempt to de-link non-string input.&quot;, 2)
    end
    if not ( type(pattern) == &quot;string&quot; and mw.ustring.sub(pattern, 1, 1) == &quot;^&quot; ) then
        error('Invalid pattern detected. Patterns must begin with &quot;^&quot;.', 2)
    end
    -- Iterate over the text string, and replace any matched text. using the 
    -- delink function. We need to iterate character by character rather 
    -- than just use gsub, otherwise nested links aren't detected properly.
    local result = &quot;&quot;
    while s ~= '' do
        -- Replace text using one iteration of gsub.
        s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, pattern, delinkFunction, 1)
        -- Append the left-most character to the result string.
        result = result .. mw.ustring.sub(s, 1, 1)
        s = mw.ustring.sub(s, 2, -1)
    end
    return result
end

function p._delink(args)
    local text = args[1] or &quot;&quot;
    if args.refs == &quot;yes&quot; then
        -- Remove any [[Help:Strip markers]] representing ref tags. In most situations 
        -- this is not a good idea - only use it if you know what you are doing!
        text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, &quot;UNIQ%w*%-ref%-%d*%-QINU&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
    end
    if not (args.comments == &quot;no&quot;) then
        text = text:gsub(&quot;&lt;!%-%-.-%-%-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;) -- Remove html comments.
    end
    if not (args.wikilinks == &quot;no&quot;) then
        text = delinkLinkClass(text, &quot;^%[%[.-%]%]&quot;, delinkWikilink) -- De-link wikilinks.
    end
    if not (args.urls == &quot;no&quot;) then
        text = delinkLinkClass(text, &quot;^%[.-%]&quot;, delinkURL) -- De-link URLs.
    end
    if not (args.whitespace == &quot;no&quot;) then
        -- Replace single new lines with a single space, but leave double new lines
        -- and new lines only containing spaces or tabs before a second new line.
        text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, &quot;([^\n \t][ \t]*)\n([ \t]*[^\n \t])&quot;, &quot;%1 %2&quot;)
        text = text:gsub(&quot;[ \t]+&quot;, &quot; &quot;) -- Remove extra tabs and spaces.
    end
    return text
end

function p.delink(frame)
    local args
    if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then
        -- We're being called via #invoke. If the invoking template passed any args, use
        -- them. Otherwise, use the args that were passed into the template.
        args = frame:getParent().args
        for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do
            args = frame.args
            break
        end
    else
        -- We're being called from another module or from the debug console, so assume
        -- the args are passed in directly.
        args = frame
    end
    return p._delink(args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>ivh2fvvp2la22yhrqx0v2r2pea1unnf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:String</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5415</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31798</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:10:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[[    This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions.  Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters,  unnamed parameters, or...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31798</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="15731" sha1="l0shz7fzxb1bq626nihqwbptk7dfqd5" xml:space="preserve">--[[  

This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions.

Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, 
unnamed parameters, or a mixture.  If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will 
automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter.  
Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or
remove such whitespace.

Global options
    ignore_errors: If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in 
        an empty string being returned rather than an error message.  
        
    error_category: If an error occurs, specifies the name of a category to 
        include with the error message.  The default category is  
        [Category:Errors reported by Module String].
        
    no_category: If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error
        is generated.
        
Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/tests.
]]

local str = {}

--[[
len

This function returns the length of the target string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|len|target_string|}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|len|s=target_string}}

Parameters
    s: The string whose length to report

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the target string.  
]]
function str.len( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s'} );
    local s = new_args['s'] or '';
    return mw.ustring.len( s )
end

--[[
sub

This function returns a substring of the target string at specified indices.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|sub|target_string|start_index|end_index}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|sub|s=target_string|i=start_index|j=end_index}}

Parameters
    s: The string to return a subset of
    i: The fist index of the substring to return, defaults to 1.
    j: The last index of the string to return, defaults to the last character.
    
The first character of the string is assigned an index of 1.  If either i or j
is a negative value, it is interpreted the same as selecting a character by 
counting from the end of the string.  Hence, a value of -1 is the same as 
selecting the last character of the string.

If the requested indices are out of range for the given string, an error is 
reported.
]]
function str.sub( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, { 's', 'i', 'j' } );
    local s = new_args['s'] or '';
    local i = tonumber( new_args['i'] ) or 1;
    local j = tonumber( new_args['j'] ) or -1;
    
    local len = mw.ustring.len( s );

    -- Convert negatives for range checking
    if i &lt; 0 then
        i = len + i + 1;
    end
    if j &lt; 0 then
        j = len + j + 1;
    end
    
    if i &gt; len or j &gt; len or i &lt; 1 or j &lt; 1 then
        return str._error( 'String subset index out of range' );
    end
    if j &lt; i then
        return str._error( 'String subset indices out of order' );
    end
    
    return mw.ustring.sub( s, i, j )
end

--[[
This function implements that features of {{str sub old}} and is kept in order
to maintain these older templates.
]]
function str.sublength( frame )
    local i = tonumber( frame.args.i ) or 0
    local len = tonumber( frame.args.len )
    return mw.ustring.sub( frame.args.s, i + 1, len and ( i + len ) )
end

--[[
match

This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a 
specified pattern.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|pos|s=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|start=start_index
    |match=match_number|plain=plain_flag|nomatch=nomatch_output}}

Parameters
    s: The string to search
    pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string
    start: The index within the source string to start the search.  The first
        character of the string has index 1.  Defaults to 1.
    match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single 
        string.  This specifies which match to return, where the first match is 
        match= 1.  If a negative number is specified then a match is returned 
        counting from the last match.  Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting
        the last match.  Defaults to 1.
    plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain
        text.  Defaults to false.
    nomatch: If no match is found, output the &quot;nomatch&quot; value rather than an error.

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from each string.  In some circumstances this is desirable, in 
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, then
this function generates an error.  An error is also generated if no match is found.
If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, then the error will be suppressed and 
an empty string will be returned on any failure.

For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see:

* http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns

]]
function str.match( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s', 'pattern', 'start', 'match', 'plain', 'nomatch'} );
    local s = new_args['s'] or '';
    local start = tonumber( new_args['start'] ) or 1;
    local plain_flag = str._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or false );
    local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '';
    local match_index = math.floor( tonumber(new_args['match']) or 1 );
    local nomatch = new_args['nomatch'];
    
    if s == '' then
        return str._error( 'Target string is empty' );
    end
    if pattern == '' then
        return str._error( 'Pattern string is empty' );
    end
    if math.abs(start) &lt; 1 or math.abs(start) &gt; mw.ustring.len( s ) then
        return str._error( 'Requested start is out of range' );
    end
    if match_index == 0 then
        return str._error( 'Match index is out of range' );
    end
    if plain_flag then
        pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern );
    end
    
    local result
    if match_index == 1 then
        -- Find first match is simple case
        result = mw.ustring.match( s, pattern, start )
    else
        if start &gt; 1 then
            s = mw.ustring.sub( s, start );
        end
        
        local iterator = mw.ustring.gmatch(s, pattern);
        if match_index &gt; 0 then
            -- Forward search
            for w in iterator do
                match_index = match_index - 1;
                if match_index == 0 then
                    result = w;
                    break;
                end
            end    
        else
            -- Reverse search
            local result_table = {};
            local count = 1;
            for w in iterator do
                result_table[count] = w;
                count = count + 1;
            end
            
            result = result_table[ count + match_index ];            
        end
    end        
    
    if result == nil then
        if nomatch == nil then
            return str._error( 'Match not found' );
        else
            return nomatch;
        end
    else
        return result;
    end
end

--[[
pos

This function returns a single character from the target string at position pos.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|pos|target=target_string|pos=index_value}}

Parameters
    target: The string to search
    pos: The index for the character to return

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the target string.  In some circumstances this is desirable, in 
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

The first character has an index value of 1.

If one requests a negative value, this function will select a character by counting backwards 
from the end of the string.  In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character.

A requested value of zero, or a value greater than the length of the string returns an error.
]]
function str.pos( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'target', 'pos'} );
    local target_str = new_args['target'] or '';
    local pos = tonumber( new_args['pos'] ) or 0;

    if pos == 0 or math.abs(pos) &gt; mw.ustring.len( target_str ) then
        return str._error( 'String index out of range' );
    end    
    
    return mw.ustring.sub( target_str, pos, pos );
end

--[[
str_find

This function duplicates the behavior of {{str_find}}, including all of its quirks.
This is provided in order to support existing templates, but is NOT RECOMMENDED for 
new code and templates.  New code is recommended to use the &quot;find&quot; function instead.

Returns the first index in &quot;source&quot; that is a match to &quot;target&quot;.  Indexing is 1-based,
and the function returns -1 if the &quot;target&quot; string is not present in &quot;source&quot;.

Important Note: If the &quot;target&quot; string is empty / missing, this function returns a
value of &quot;1&quot;, which is generally unexpected behavior, and must be accounted for
separatetly.
]]
function str.str_find( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target'} );
    local source_str = new_args['source'] or '';
    local target_str = new_args['target'] or '';

    if target_str == '' then
        return 1;
    end    
    
    local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, target_str, 1, true )
    if start == nil then
        start = -1
    end
    
    return start
end

--[[
find

This function allows one to search for a target string or pattern within another
string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|find|source_str|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|find|source=source_str|target=target_str|start=start_index|plain=plain_flag}}

Parameters
    source: The string to search
    target: The string or pattern to find within source
    start: The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1
    plain: Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain
        text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the parameter.  In some circumstances this is desirable, in 
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

This function returns the first index &gt;= &quot;start&quot; where &quot;target&quot; can be found 
within &quot;source&quot;.  Indices are 1-based.  If &quot;target&quot; is not found, then this 
function returns 0.  If either &quot;source&quot; or &quot;target&quot; are missing / empty, this
function also returns 0.

This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings.
]]
function str.find( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target', 'start', 'plain' } ); 
    local source_str = new_args['source'] or '';
    local pattern = new_args['target'] or '';
    local start_pos = tonumber(new_args['start']) or 1;
    local plain = new_args['plain'] or true;
        
    if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then
        return 0;
    end    
    
    plain = str._getBoolean( plain );

    local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, pattern, start_pos, plain )
    if start == nil then
        start = 0
    end
    
    return start
end

--[[
replace

This function allows one to replace a target string or pattern within another
string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|replace|source=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|replace=replace_string|
   count=replacement_count|plain=plain_flag}}

Parameters
    source: The string to search
    pattern: The string or pattern to find within source
    replace: The replacement text
    count: The number of occurences to replace, defaults to all.
    plain: Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain
        text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true 
]]
function str.replace( frame )
    local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'replace', 'count', 'plain' } ); 
    local source_str = new_args['source'] or '';
    local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '';
    local replace = new_args['replace'] or '';
    local count = tonumber( new_args['count'] );
    local plain = new_args['plain'] or true;
        
    if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then
        return source_str;
    end    
    plain = str._getBoolean( plain );

    if plain then
        pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern );
        replace = mw.ustring.gsub( replace, &quot;%%&quot;, &quot;%%%%&quot; ); --Only need to escape replacement sequences.
    end
    
    local result;

    if count ~= nil then
        result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace, count );
    else
        result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace );
    end        

    return result;
end

--[[ 
    simple function to pipe string.rep to templates.
]]

function str.rep( frame )
    local repetitions = tonumber( frame.args[2] )
    if not repetitions then 
        return str._error( 'function rep expects a number as second parameter, received &quot;' .. ( frame.args[2] or '' ) .. '&quot;' )
    end
    return string.rep( frame.args[1] or '', repetitions )
end

--[[
Helper function that populates the argument list given that user may need to use a mix of
named and unnamed parameters.  This is relevant because named parameters are not
identical to unnamed parameters due to string trimming, and when dealing with strings
we sometimes want to either preserve or remove that whitespace depending on the application.
]]
function str._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list )
    local new_args = {};
    local index = 1;
    local value;
    
    for i,arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do
        value = frame_args[arg]
        if value == nil then
            value = frame_args[index];
            index = index + 1;
        end
        new_args[arg] = value;
    end
    
    return new_args;
end        

--[[
Helper function to handle error messages.
]]
function str._error( error_str )
    local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame();
    local error_category = frame.args.error_category or 'Errors reported by Module String';
    local ignore_errors = frame.args.ignore_errors or false;
    local no_category = frame.args.no_category or false;
    
    if str._getBoolean(ignore_errors) then
        return '';
    end
    
    local error_str = '&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;String Module Error: ' .. error_str .. '&lt;/strong&gt;';
    if error_category ~= '' and not str._getBoolean( no_category ) then
        error_str = '[[Category:' .. error_category .. ']]' .. error_str;
    end        
    
    return error_str;
end

--[[
Helper Function to interpret boolean strings
]]
function str._getBoolean( boolean_str )
    local boolean_value;
    
    if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then
        boolean_str = boolean_str:lower();
        if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' 
                or boolean_str == '' then
            boolean_value = false;
        else
            boolean_value = true;
        end    
    elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then
        boolean_value = boolean_str;
    else
        error( 'No boolean value found' );
    end    
    return boolean_value
end

--[[
Helper function that escapes all pattern characters so that they will be treated 
as plain text.
]]
function str._escapePattern( pattern_str )
    return mw.ustring.gsub( pattern_str, &quot;([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])&quot;, &quot;%%%1&quot; );
end

return str</text>
      <sha1>l0shz7fzxb1bq626nihqwbptk7dfqd5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Collapsible list</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5416</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31800</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:13:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module implements {{collapsible list}}.  local p = {}  local function getListItem( data )     if not type( data ) == 'string' then         return ''     end     return...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31800</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3354" sha1="5zj2jtxt2eon9yxskfbmu6e9r9r3rpd" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{collapsible list}}.

local p = {}

local function getListItem( data )
    if not type( data ) == 'string' then
        return ''
    end
    return mw.ustring.format( '&lt;li style=&quot;line-height: inherit; margin: 0&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/li&gt;', data )
end

-- Returns an array containing the keys of all positional arguments
-- that contain data (i.e. non-whitespace values).
local function getArgNums( args )
    local nums = {}
    for k, v in pairs( args ) do
        if type( k ) == 'number' and
            k &gt;= 1 and
            math.floor( k ) == k and
            type( v ) == 'string' and
            mw.ustring.match( v, '%S' ) then
                table.insert( nums, k )
        end
    end
    table.sort( nums )
    return nums
end

-- Formats a list of classes, styles or other attributes.
local function formatAttributes( attrType, ... )
    local attributes = { ... }
    local nums = getArgNums( attributes )
    local t = {}
    for i, num in ipairs( nums ) do
        table.insert( t, attributes[ num ] )
    end
    if #t == 0 then
        return '' -- Return the blank string so concatenation will work.
    end
    return mw.ustring.format( ' %s=&quot;%s&quot;', attrType, table.concat( t, ' ' ) )
end

local function buildList( args )
    -- Get the list items.
    local listItems = {}
    local argNums = getArgNums( args )
    for i, num in ipairs( argNums ) do
        table.insert( listItems, getListItem( args[ num ] ) )
    end
    if #listItems == 0 then
        return ''
    end
    listItems = table.concat( listItems )
    
    -- Get class, style and title data.
    local div1class = formatAttributes( 'class', 'NavFrame', not args.expand and 'collapsed' )
    local div1style = formatAttributes(
        'style',
        args.frame_style,
        args.framestyle,
        not ( args.frame_style or args.framestyle ) and 'border: none; padding: 0;'
    )
    local div2class = formatAttributes( 'class', 'NavHead' )
    local div2style = formatAttributes(
        'style',
        'font-size: 105%;',
        args.title_style,
        args.titlestyle,
        not ( args.title_style or args.titlestyle ) and 'background: transparent; text-align: left;'
    )
    local title = args.title or 'List'
    local ulclass = formatAttributes( 'class', 'NavContent', args.hlist and 'hlist' )
    local ulstyle = formatAttributes( 
        'style',
        not args.bullets and 'list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;',
        args.list_style,
        args.liststyle,
        not ( args.list_style or args.liststyle ) and 'text-align: left;',
        'font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;'
    )
    
    -- Build the list.
    return mw.ustring.format( 
        '&lt;div%s%s&gt;\n&lt;div%s%s&gt;%s&lt;/div&gt;\n&lt;ul%s%s&gt;%s&lt;/ul&gt;\n&lt;/div&gt;',
        div1class, div1style, div2class, div2style, title, ulclass, ulstyle, listItems
    )
end

function p.main( frame )
    local origArgs
    if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then
        origArgs = frame:getParent().args
        for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
            origArgs = frame.args
            break
        end
    else
        origArgs = frame
    end
    
    local args = {}
    for k, v in pairs( origArgs ) do
        if type( k ) == 'number' or v ~= '' then
            args[ k ] = v
        end
    end
    return buildList( args )
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>5zj2jtxt2eon9yxskfbmu6e9r9r3rpd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Disease/ts</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5417</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31802</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T13:30:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:{{{1}}} |Description = Description |Type = Type |Speciality = Speciality |Causes = Causes |Symptoms = Symptoms |Creates = Creates |Pathogen transmission = Pathogen t...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31802</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="433" sha1="lhcdu41jessglp89nqnflm20jjti07o" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1}}}
|Description = Description
|Type = Type
|Speciality = Speciality
|Causes = Causes
|Symptoms = Symptoms
|Creates = Creates
|Pathogen transmission = Pathogen transmission
|Medical examination = Medical examination
|Age = Age
|Chromosome = Chromosome
|Genetical association = Genetical association
|Named after = Named after
|Treatment = Treatment
|Possible chemicals = Possible chemicals
|Identifiers = Identifiers
}}</text>
      <sha1>lhcdu41jessglp89nqnflm20jjti07o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Infobox</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5418</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31819</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-21T17:04:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- -- This module implements {{Infobox}} --   local p = {}  local navbar = require('Module:Navbar')._navbar  local args = {} local origArgs local root  local function notempty...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31819</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="15742" sha1="3lqvq40va735qhmz9ozwwkwt6n87qbr" xml:space="preserve">--
-- This module implements {{Infobox}}
--
 
local p = {}

local navbar = require('Module:Navbar')._navbar

local args = {}
local origArgs
local root

local function notempty( s ) return s and s:match( '%S' ) end

local function fixChildBoxes(sval, tt)
	if notempty(sval) then
		local marker = '&lt;span class=special_infobox_marker&gt;'
		local s = sval
		s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(&lt;%s*[Tt][Rr])', marker .. '%1')
		s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(&lt;/[Tt][Rr]%s*&gt;)', '%1' .. marker)
		if s:match(marker) then
			s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '%s*' .. marker, '')
			s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '([\r\n]|-[^\r\n]*[\r\n])%s*' .. marker, '%1')
			s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '%s*([\r\n]|-)', '%1')
			s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(&lt;/[Cc][Aa][Pp][Tt][Ii][Oo][Nn]%s*&gt;%s*)' .. marker, '%1')
			s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(&lt;%s*[Tt][Aa][Bb][Ll][Ee][^&lt;&gt;]*&gt;%s*)' .. marker, '%1')
			s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^(%{|[^\r\n]*[\r\n]%s*)' .. marker, '%1')
			s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '([\r\n]%{|[^\r\n]*[\r\n]%s*)' .. marker, '%1')
			s = mw.ustring.gsub(s,  marker .. '(%s*&lt;/[Tt][Aa][Bb][Ll][Ee]%s*&gt;)', '%1')
			s = mw.ustring.gsub(s,  marker .. '(%s*\n|%})', '%1')
		end
		if s:match(marker) then
			local subcells = mw.text.split(s, marker)
			s = ''
			for k = 1, #subcells do
				if k == 1 then
					s = s .. subcells[k] .. '&lt;/' .. tt .. '&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;'
				elseif k == #subcells then
					local rowstyle = ' style=&quot;display:none&quot;'
					if notempty(subcells[k]) then rowstyle = ''	end
					s = s .. '&lt;tr' .. rowstyle ..'&gt;&lt;' .. tt .. ' colspan=2&gt;\n' .. subcells[k]
				elseif notempty(subcells[k]) then
					if (k % 2) == 0 then
						s = s .. subcells[k]
					else
						s = s .. '&lt;tr&gt;&lt;' .. tt .. ' colspan=2&gt;\n' .. subcells[k] .. '&lt;/' .. tt .. '&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;'
					end
				end
			end
		end
		-- the next two lines add a newline at the end of lists for the PHP parser
		-- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_musical_artist&amp;oldid=849054481
		s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '([\r\n][%*#;:][^\r\n]*)$', '%1\n')
		s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^([%*#;:][^\r\n]*)$', '%1\n')
		return s
	else
		return sval
	end
end

local function union(t1, t2)
    -- Returns the union of the values of two tables, as a sequence.
    local vals = {}
    for k, v in pairs(t1) do
        vals[v] = true
    end
    for k, v in pairs(t2) do
        vals[v] = true
    end
    local ret = {}
    for k, v in pairs(vals) do
        table.insert(ret, k)
    end
    return ret
end

local function getArgNums(prefix)
    -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist
    -- for the specified prefix. For example, if the prefix was 'data', and
    -- 'data1', 'data2', and 'data5' exist, it would return {1, 2, 5}.
    local nums = {}
    for k, v in pairs(args) do
        local num = tostring(k):match('^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$')
        if num then table.insert(nums, tonumber(num)) end
    end
    table.sort(nums)
    return nums
end

local function addRow(rowArgs)
    -- Adds a row to the infobox, with either a header cell
    -- or a label/data cell combination.
    if rowArgs.header then
        root
            :tag('tr')
                :addClass(rowArgs.rowclass)
                :cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle)
                :attr('id', rowArgs.rowid)
                :tag('th')
                    :attr('colspan', 2)
                    :attr('id', rowArgs.headerid)
                    :addClass(rowArgs.class)
                    :addClass(args.headerclass)
                    :css('text-align', 'center')
                    :cssText(args.headerstyle)
                    :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
                    :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(rowArgs.header, 'th'))
    elseif rowArgs.data then
        local row = root:tag('tr')
        row:addClass(rowArgs.rowclass)
        row:cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle)
        row:attr('id', rowArgs.rowid)
        if rowArgs.label then
            row
                :tag('th')
                    :attr('scope', 'row')
                    :attr('id', rowArgs.labelid)
                    :cssText(args.labelstyle)
                    :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
                    :wikitext(rowArgs.label)
                    :done()
        end
        
        local dataCell = row:tag('td')
        if not rowArgs.label then 
            dataCell
                :attr('colspan', 2)
                :css('text-align', 'center') 
        end
        dataCell
            :attr('id', rowArgs.dataid)
            :addClass(rowArgs.class)
            :cssText(rowArgs.datastyle)
            :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
            :newline()
            :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(rowArgs.data, 'td'))
    end
end

local function renderTitle()
    if not args.title then return end

    root
        :tag('caption')
            :addClass(args.titleclass)
            :cssText(args.titlestyle)
            :wikitext(args.title)
end

local function renderAboveRow()
    if not args.above then return end
    
    root
        :tag('tr')
            :tag('th')
                :attr('colspan', 2)
                :addClass(args.aboveclass)
                :css('text-align', 'center')
                :css('font-size', '125%')
                :css('font-weight', 'bold')
                :cssText(args.abovestyle)
                :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(args.above,'th'))
end

local function renderBelowRow()
    if not args.below then return end
    
    root
        :tag('tr')
            :tag('td')
                :attr('colspan', '2')
                :addClass(args.belowclass)
                :css('text-align', 'center')
                :cssText(args.belowstyle)
                :newline()
                :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(args.below,'td'))
end

local function renderSubheaders()
    if args.subheader then
        args.subheader1 = args.subheader
    end
    if args.subheaderrowclass then
        args.subheaderrowclass1 = args.subheaderrowclass
    end
    local subheadernums = getArgNums('subheader')
    for k, num in ipairs(subheadernums) do
        addRow({
            data = args['subheader' .. tostring(num)],
            datastyle = args.subheaderstyle or args['subheaderstyle' .. tostring(num)],
            class = args.subheaderclass,
            rowclass = args['subheaderrowclass' .. tostring(num)]
        })
    end
end

local function renderImages()
    if args.image then
        args.image1 = args.image
    end
    if args.caption then
        args.caption1 = args.caption
    end
    local imagenums = getArgNums('image')
    for k, num in ipairs(imagenums) do
        local caption = args['caption' .. tostring(num)]
        local data = mw.html.create():wikitext(args['image' .. tostring(num)])
        if caption then
            data
                :tag('div')
                    :cssText(args.captionstyle)
                    :wikitext(caption)
        end
        addRow({
            data = tostring(data),
            datastyle = args.imagestyle,
            class = args.imageclass,
            rowclass = args['imagerowclass' .. tostring(num)]
        })
    end
end

local function renderRows()
    -- Gets the union of the header and data argument numbers,
    -- and renders them all in order using addRow.
    local rownums = union(getArgNums('header'), getArgNums('data'))
    table.sort(rownums)
    for k, num in ipairs(rownums) do
        addRow({
            header = args['header' .. tostring(num)],
            label = args['label' .. tostring(num)],
            data = args['data' .. tostring(num)],
            datastyle = args.datastyle,
            class = args['class' .. tostring(num)],
            rowclass = args['rowclass' .. tostring(num)],
            rowstyle = args['rowstyle' .. tostring(num)],
            rowcellstyle = args['rowcellstyle' .. tostring(num)],
            dataid = args['dataid' .. tostring(num)],
            labelid = args['labelid' .. tostring(num)],
            headerid = args['headerid' .. tostring(num)],
            rowid = args['rowid' .. tostring(num)]
        })
    end
end

local function renderNavBar()
    if not args.name then return end
    
    root
        :tag('tr')
            :tag('td')
                :attr('colspan', '2')
                :css('text-align', 'right')
                :wikitext(navbar{
                    args.name,
                    mini = 1,
                })
end

local function renderItalicTitle()
    local italicTitle = args['italic title'] and mw.ustring.lower(args['italic title'])
    if italicTitle == '' or italicTitle == 'force' or italicTitle == 'yes' then
        root:wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate({title = 'italic title'}))
    end
end

local function renderTrackingCategories()
    if args.decat ~= 'yes' then
        if #(getArgNums('data')) == 0 and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then
            root:wikitext('[[Category:Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows]]')
        end
        if args.child == 'yes' and args.title then
            root:wikitext('[[Category:Pages which use embedded infobox templates with the title parameter]]')
        end
    end
end

local function _infobox()
    -- Specify the overall layout of the infobox, with special settings
    -- if the infobox is used as a 'child' inside another infobox.
    if args.child ~= 'yes' then
        root = mw.html.create('table')
        
        root
            :addClass((args.subbox ~= 'yes') and 'infobox' or nil)
            :addClass(args.bodyclass)
            
            if args.subbox == 'yes' then
                root
                    :css('padding', '0')
                    :css('border', 'none')
                    :css('margin', '-3px')
                    :css('width', 'auto')
                    :css('min-width', '100%')
                    :css('font-size', '100%')
                    :css('clear', 'none')
                    :css('float', 'none')
                    :css('background-color', 'transparent')
            else
                root
                    :css('width', '22em')
            end
        root
            :cssText(args.bodystyle)
    
        renderTitle()
        renderAboveRow()
    else
        root = mw.html.create()
        
        root
            :wikitext(args.title)
    end

    renderSubheaders()
    renderImages() 
    renderRows() 
    renderBelowRow()  
    renderNavBar()
    renderItalicTitle()
    renderTrackingCategories()
    
    return tostring(root)
end

local function preprocessSingleArg(argName)
    -- If the argument exists and isn't blank, add it to the argument table.
    -- Blank arguments are treated as nil to match the behaviour of ParserFunctions.
    if origArgs[argName] and origArgs[argName] ~= '' then
        args[argName] = origArgs[argName]
    end
end

local function preprocessArgs(prefixTable, step)
    -- Assign the parameters with the given prefixes to the args table, in order, in batches
    -- of the step size specified. This is to prevent references etc. from appearing in the
    -- wrong order. The prefixTable should be an array containing tables, each of which has
    -- two possible fields, a &quot;prefix&quot; string and a &quot;depend&quot; table. The function always parses
    -- parameters containing the &quot;prefix&quot; string, but only parses parameters in the &quot;depend&quot;
    -- table if the prefix parameter is present and non-blank.
    if type(prefixTable) ~= 'table' then
        error(&quot;Non-table value detected for the prefix table&quot;, 2)
    end
    if type(step) ~= 'number' then
        error(&quot;Invalid step value detected&quot;, 2)
    end
    
    -- Get arguments without a number suffix, and check for bad input.
    for i,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do
        if type(v) ~= 'table' or type(v.prefix) ~= &quot;string&quot; or (v.depend and type(v.depend) ~= 'table') then
            error('Invalid input detected to preprocessArgs prefix table', 2)
        end
        preprocessSingleArg(v.prefix)
        -- Only parse the depend parameter if the prefix parameter is present and not blank.
        if args[v.prefix] and v.depend then
            for j, dependValue in ipairs(v.depend) do
                if type(dependValue) ~= 'string' then
                    error('Invalid &quot;depend&quot; parameter value detected in preprocessArgs')
                end
                preprocessSingleArg(dependValue)
            end
        end
    end

    -- Get arguments with number suffixes.
    local a = 1 -- Counter variable.
    local moreArgumentsExist = true
    while moreArgumentsExist == true do
        moreArgumentsExist = false
        for i = a, a + step - 1 do
            for j,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do
                local prefixArgName = v.prefix .. tostring(i)
                if origArgs[prefixArgName] then
                    moreArgumentsExist = true -- Do another loop if any arguments are found, even blank ones.
                    preprocessSingleArg(prefixArgName)
                end
                -- Process the depend table if the prefix argument is present and not blank, or
                -- we are processing &quot;prefix1&quot; and &quot;prefix&quot; is present and not blank, and
                -- if the depend table is present.
                if v.depend and (args[prefixArgName] or (i == 1 and args[v.prefix])) then
                    for j,dependValue in ipairs(v.depend) do
                        local dependArgName = dependValue .. tostring(i)
                        preprocessSingleArg(dependArgName)
                    end
                end
            end
        end
        a = a + step
    end
end
 
function p.infobox(frame)
    -- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking template.
    -- Otherwise, for testing purposes, assume args are being passed directly in.
    if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then
        origArgs = frame:getParent().args
    else
        origArgs = frame
    end
    
    -- Parse the data parameters in the same order that the old {{infobox}} did, so that
    -- references etc. will display in the expected places. Parameters that depend on
    -- another parameter are only processed if that parameter is present, to avoid
    -- phantom references appearing in article reference lists.
    preprocessSingleArg('child')
    preprocessSingleArg('bodyclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('subbox')
    preprocessSingleArg('bodystyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('title')
    preprocessSingleArg('titleclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('titlestyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('above')
    preprocessSingleArg('aboveclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('abovestyle')
    preprocessArgs({
        {prefix = 'subheader', depend = {'subheaderstyle', 'subheaderrowclass'}}
    }, 10)
    preprocessSingleArg('subheaderstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('subheaderclass')
    preprocessArgs({
        {prefix = 'image', depend = {'caption', 'imagerowclass'}}
    }, 10)
    preprocessSingleArg('captionstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('imagestyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('imageclass')
    preprocessArgs({
        {prefix = 'header'},
        {prefix = 'data', depend = {'label'}},
        {prefix = 'rowclass'},
        {prefix = 'rowstyle'},
        {prefix = 'rowcellstyle'},
        {prefix = 'class'},
        {prefix = 'dataid'},
        {prefix = 'labelid'},
        {prefix = 'headerid'},
        {prefix = 'rowid'}
    }, 50)
    preprocessSingleArg('headerclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('headerstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('labelstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('datastyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('below')
    preprocessSingleArg('belowclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('belowstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('name')
    args['italic title'] = origArgs['italic title'] -- different behaviour if blank or absent
    preprocessSingleArg('decat')
 
    return _infobox()
end
 
return p</text>
      <sha1>3lqvq40va735qhmz9ozwwkwt6n87qbr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Bio/sport</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5419</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31826</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-22T08:27:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:{{{1}}} |athletics|sprinting = {{Template:Bio/sport/athletics}} }}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31826</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76" sha1="rj9qnh686f8ukya21864mu1q63b1smm" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1}}}
|athletics|sprinting = {{Template:Bio/sport/athletics}}
}}</text>
      <sha1>rj9qnh686f8ukya21864mu1q63b1smm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Bio/sport/athletics</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5420</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31827</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-22T08:32:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Infobox3cols |child = yes |headerstyle= background-color:#dbe4f0 |header1 = {{Bio/ts|Athletics}} |label2 = {{Bio/ts|Sport discipline}} |data2 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim |...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31827</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1120" sha1="tcruhnzjxixytw3d5veyabgnkk81prh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox3cols
|child = yes
|headerstyle= background-color:#dbe4f0
|header1 = {{Bio/ts|Athletics}}
|label2 = {{Bio/ts|Sport discipline}}
|data2 = {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P2416|formatting = internallink|separator=&lt;br /&gt;|conjunction=&lt;br /&gt;}}

|header3 = {{Bio/ts|Records}}
|label4 = {{Bio/ts|Speciality}}
|data4a = {{Bio/ts|Criteria}}
|data4b = {{Bio/ts|Date}}
|data4c = &lt;abbr title=&quot;Record&quot;&gt;R&lt;/abbr&gt;
|data5 = &lt;tr&gt;{{#invoke:Wikidata |claim |formatting=table |property=P1000 |qualifier=P1013| qualifier2=P585 |qualifier3=P2781|qualifier4=P2043|rowformat=&lt;td&gt;$0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;$1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;$2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;$3$4&lt;/td&gt;|separator=&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;|conjunction=&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;}}&lt;/tr&gt;

|header6 = {{Bio/ts|Personal records}}
|label7 = {{Bio/ts|Speciality}}
|data7a = {{Bio/ts|Place}}
|data7b = {{Bio/ts|Date}}
|data7c = &lt;abbr title=&quot;Record&quot;&gt;R&lt;/abbr&gt;
|data8 = &lt;tr&gt;{{#invoke:Wikidata |claim |formatting=table |property=P2415 |qualifier=P2416| qualifier2=P276 |qualifier3=P585|rowformat=&lt;td&gt;$1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;$2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;$3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;$0&lt;/td&gt;|separator=&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;|conjunction=&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;}}&lt;/tr&gt;

|belowstyle= border-bottom: 2px solid #dbe4f0;
|below = &amp;nbsp;
}}</text>
      <sha1>tcruhnzjxixytw3d5veyabgnkk81prh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox3cols</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5421</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31829</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-22T08:33:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#invoke:Infobox3cols|infobox}}&lt;!-- --&gt;{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Category:Pages using infobox3cols with undo...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31829</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1205" sha1="l2n0qqytfh2nzogdnc5ol8lbnvv3q79" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Infobox3cols|infobox}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using infobox3cols with undocumented parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]|ignoreblank=y|checkpositional=y
| child| subbox| bodyclass| bodystyle| title| titleclass| titlestyle| above| abovestyle| aboveclass| aboverowclass| subheader| subheaderstyle| subheaderclass| subheaderrowclass1| subheader2| subheaderrowclass2| image| imageclass| imagestyle| caption| captionstyle| image1| caption1| imagerowclass1| image2| caption2| imagerowclass2| headerstyle| labelstyle| multidatastyle| datastyle| datastylea| datastyleb| datastylec| regexp1 = header[%d][%d]*| regexp2 = label[%d][%d]*| regexp3 = data[%d][%d]*[abc]?| regexp4 = class[%d][%d]*[abc]?| regexp5 = rowclass[%d][%d]*| regexp6 = rowstyle[%d][%d]*| regexp7 = rowcellstyle[%d][%d]*| below| belowstyle| belowclass| belowrowclass| name 
}}{{#if:{{{header0|}}}{{{label0|}}}{{{data0|}}}{{{data0a|}}}{{{data0b|}}}{{{data0c|}}}{{{class0|}}}{{{rowclass0|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox3cols with header0 or label0 or data0]]
}}{{#if:{{{multidatastyle|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox3cols with multidatastyle]]
}}</text>
      <sha1>l2n0qqytfh2nzogdnc5ol8lbnvv3q79</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Infobox3cols</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5422</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31830</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-22T08:33:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- -- This module implements {{Infobox3cols}} -- -- The initial version was created by modifying [[Module:Infobox]] --   local p = {}  local navbar = require('Module:Navbar')....&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31830</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="16860" sha1="nht80hn3vybcbcd437z5dgxiyaf9rwn" xml:space="preserve">--
-- This module implements {{Infobox3cols}}
--
-- The initial version was created by modifying [[Module:Infobox]]
--
 
local p = {}

local navbar = require('Module:Navbar')._navbar

local args = {}
local origArgs
local root

local function union(t1, t2)
    -- Returns the union of the values of two tables, as a sequence.
    local vals = {}
    for k, v in pairs(t1) do
        vals[v] = true
    end
    for k, v in pairs(t2) do
        vals[v] = true
    end
    local ret = {}
    for k, v in pairs(vals) do
        table.insert(ret, k)
    end
    return ret
end

local function getArgNums(prefix,suffix)
    -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist
    -- for the specified prefix. For example, if the prefix was 'data', and
    -- 'data1', 'data2', and 'data5' exist, it would return {1, 2, 5}.
    local nums = {}
    for k, v in pairs(args) do
        local num = tostring(k):match('^' .. prefix .. '([0-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$')
        if num then table.insert(nums, tonumber(num)) end
    end
    table.sort(nums)
    return nums
end

local function addRow(rowArgs)
    -- Adds a row to the infobox, with either a header cell
    -- or a label/data cell combination.
    if rowArgs.header then
        root
            :tag('tr')
                :addClass(rowArgs.rowclass)
                :cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle)
                :attr('id', rowArgs.rowid)
                :tag('th')
                    :attr('colspan', 4)
                    :attr('id', rowArgs.headerid)
                    :addClass(rowArgs.class)
                    :addClass(args.headerclass)
                    :css('text-align', 'center')
                    :cssText(args.headerstyle)
                    :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
                    :wikitext(rowArgs.header)
    elseif rowArgs.label then
        if rowArgs.data then
            local row = root:tag('tr')
            row:addClass(rowArgs.rowclass)
            row:cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle)
            row:attr('id', rowArgs.rowid)
            row
                :tag('th')
                    :attr('scope', 'row')
                    :attr('id', rowArgs.labelid)
                    :cssText(args.labelstyle)
                    :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
                    :wikitext(rowArgs.label)
                    :done()
        
            local dataCell = row:tag('td')
            dataCell
                :attr('colspan', 3)
                :attr('id', rowArgs.dataid)
                :addClass(rowArgs.class)
                :cssText(rowArgs.datastyle)
                :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
                :newline()
                :wikitext(rowArgs.data)
        elseif rowArgs.dataa or rowArgs.datab then
            local row = root:tag('tr')
            row:addClass(rowArgs.rowclass)
            row:cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle)
            row:attr('id', rowArgs.rowid)
            row
                :tag('th')
                    :attr('scope', 'row')
                    :attr('id', rowArgs.labelid)
                    :cssText(args.labelstyle)
                    :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
                    :wikitext(rowArgs.label)
                    :done()

            local dataCella = row:tag('td')
            dataCella
                :attr('id', rowArgs.dataaid)
                :addClass(rowArgs.classa)
                :cssText(rowArgs.dataastyle)
                :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
                :newline()
                :wikitext(rowArgs.dataa)
            if rowArgs.renderb then
                local dataCellb = row:tag('td')
                dataCellb
                    :attr('id', rowArgs.databid)
                    :addClass(rowArgs.classb)
                    :cssText(rowArgs.databstyle)
                    :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
                    :newline()
                    :wikitext(rowArgs.datab)
            end
            if rowArgs.renderc then
                local dataCellc = row:tag('td')
                dataCellc
                    :attr('id', rowArgs.datacid)
                    :addClass(rowArgs.classc)
                    :cssText(rowArgs.datacstyle)
                    :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
                    :newline()
                    :wikitext(rowArgs.datac)
            end
        end
    elseif rowArgs.data then
        local row = root:tag('tr')
        row:addClass(rowArgs.rowclass)
        row:cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle)
        row:attr('id', rowArgs.rowid)
                    
        local dataCell = row:tag('td')
        dataCell
            :attr('colspan', 4)
            :attr('id', rowArgs.dataid)
            :addClass(rowArgs.class)
            :css('text-align', 'center') 
            :cssText(rowArgs.datastyle)
            :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle)
            :newline()
            :wikitext(rowArgs.data)
    end
end

local function renderTitle()
    if not args.title then return end

    root
        :tag('caption')
            :addClass(args.titleclass)
            :cssText(args.titlestyle)
            :wikitext(args.title)
end

local function renderAboveRow()
    if not args.above then return end
    
    root
        :tag('tr')
            :tag('th')
                :attr('colspan', 4)
                :addClass(args.aboveclass)
                :css('text-align', 'center')
                :css('font-size', '125%')
                :css('font-weight', 'bold')
                :cssText(args.abovestyle)
                :wikitext(args.above)
end

local function renderBelowRow()
    if not args.below then return end
    
    root
        :tag('tr')
            :tag('td')
                :attr('colspan', 4)
                :addClass(args.belowclass)
                :css('text-align', 'center')
                :cssText(args.belowstyle)
                :newline()
                :wikitext(args.below)
end

local function renderSubheaders()
    if args.subheader then
        args.subheader1 = args.subheader
    end
    if args.subheaderrowclass then
        args.subheaderrowclass1 = args.subheaderrowclass
    end
    local subheadernums = getArgNums('subheader','')
    for k, num in ipairs(subheadernums) do
        addRow({
            data = args['subheader' .. tostring(num)],
            datastyle = args.subheaderstyle or args['subheaderstyle' .. tostring(num)],
            class = args.subheaderclass,
            rowclass = args['subheaderrowclass' .. tostring(num)]
        })
    end
end

local function renderImages()
    if args.image then
        args.image1 = args.image
    end
    if args.caption then
        args.caption1 = args.caption
    end
    local imagenums = getArgNums('image','')
    for k, num in ipairs(imagenums) do
        local caption = args['caption' .. tostring(num)]
        local data = mw.html.create():wikitext(args['image' .. tostring(num)])
        if caption then
            data
                :tag('div')
                    :cssText(args.captionstyle)
                    :wikitext(caption)
        end
        addRow({
            data = tostring(data),
            datastyle = args.imagestyle,
            class = args.imageclass,
            rowclass = args['imagerowclass' .. tostring(num)]
        })
    end
end

local function renderRows()
    -- Gets the union of the header and data argument numbers,
    -- and renders them all in order using addRow.
    local rownums = union(getArgNums('header',''), getArgNums('data','[ab]?'))
    local datab_count = #(getArgNums('data','b'))
    local datac_count = #(getArgNums('data','c'))

    table.sort(rownums)
    for k, num in ipairs(rownums) do
        addRow({
            renderb = datab_count &gt; 0,
            renderc = datac_count &gt; 0,
            header = args['header' .. tostring(num)],
            label = args['label' .. tostring(num)],
            data = args['data' .. tostring(num)],
            datastyle = args.datastyle,
            class = args['class' .. tostring(num)],
            dataa = args['data' .. tostring(num) .. 'a'],
            dataastyle = args.datastylea,
            classa = args['class' .. tostring(num) .. 'a'],
            datab = args['data' .. tostring(num) .. 'b'],
            databstyle = args.datastyleb,
            classb = args['class' .. tostring(num) .. 'b'],
            datac = args['data' .. tostring(num) .. 'c'],
            datacstyle = args.datastylec,
            classc = args['class' .. tostring(num) .. 'c'],
            rowclass = args['rowclass' .. tostring(num)],
            rowstyle = args['rowstyle' .. tostring(num)],
            rowcellstyle = args['rowcellstyle' .. tostring(num)],
            dataid = args['dataid' .. tostring(num)],
            dataaid = args['dataid' .. tostring(num) .. 'a'],
            dataaib = args['dataid' .. tostring(num) .. 'b'],
            dataaic = args['dataid' .. tostring(num) .. 'c'],
            labelid = args['labelid' .. tostring(num)],
            headerid = args['headerid' .. tostring(num)],
            rowid = args['rowid' .. tostring(num)]
        })
    end
end

local function renderNavBar()
    if not args.name then return end
    
    root
        :tag('tr')
            :tag('td')
                :attr('colspan', '4')
                :css('text-align', 'right')
                :wikitext(navbar{
                    args.name,
                    mini = 1,
                })
end

local function renderItalicTitle()
    local italicTitle = args['italic title'] and mw.ustring.lower(args['italic title'])
    if italicTitle == '' or italicTitle == 'force' or italicTitle == 'yes' then
        root:wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate({title = 'italic title'}))
    end
end

local function renderTrackingCategories()
    if args.decat ~= 'yes' then
        if #(getArgNums('data','[abc]?')) == 0 and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then
            root:wikitext('[[Category:Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows]]')
        end
    end
end

local function _infobox()
    -- Specify the overall layout of the infobox, with special settings
    -- if the infobox is used as a 'child' inside another infobox.

    root = mw.html.create('table')
        
    root
        :addClass('infobox')
        :addClass(args.bodyclass)
    if args.child == 'yes' or args.subbox == 'yes' then
        root
            :css('padding', '0')
            :css('border', 'none')
            :css('margin', (args.subbox == 'yes') and '-3px' or 'auto')
            :css('width', 'auto')
            :css('min-width', '100%')
            :css('font-size', '100%')
            :css('clear', 'none')
            :css('float', 'none')
            :css('background-color', 'transparent')
    else
        root
            :css('width', '22em')
    end

    root:cssText(args.bodystyle)
    
    renderTitle()
    renderAboveRow()
    renderSubheaders()
    renderImages() 
    renderRows() 
    renderBelowRow()  
    renderNavBar()
    renderItalicTitle()
    renderTrackingCategories()
    
    return tostring(root)
end

local function preprocessSingleArg(argName)
    -- If the argument exists and isn't blank, add it to the argument table.
    -- Blank arguments are treated as nil to match the behaviour of ParserFunctions.
    if origArgs[argName] and origArgs[argName] ~= '' then
        args[argName] = origArgs[argName]
    end
end

local function preprocessArgs(prefixTable, step)
    -- Assign the parameters with the given prefixes to the args table, in order, in batches
    -- of the step size specified. This is to prevent references etc. from appearing in the
    -- wrong order. The prefixTable should be an array containing tables, each of which has
    -- two possible fields, a &quot;prefix&quot; string and a &quot;depend&quot; table. The function always parses
    -- parameters containing the &quot;prefix&quot; string, but only parses parameters in the &quot;depend&quot;
    -- table if the prefix parameter is present and non-blank.
    if type(prefixTable) ~= 'table' then
        error(&quot;Non-table value detected for the prefix table&quot;, 2)
    end
    if type(step) ~= 'number' then
        error(&quot;Invalid step value detected&quot;, 2)
    end
    
    -- Get arguments without a number suffix, and check for bad input.
    for i,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do
        if type(v) ~= 'table' or type(v.prefix) ~= &quot;string&quot; or (v.depend and type(v.depend) ~= 'table') then
            error('Invalid input detected to preprocessArgs prefix table', 2)
        end
        preprocessSingleArg(v.prefix)
        -- Only parse the depend parameter if the prefix parameter is present and not blank.
        if args[v.prefix] and v.depend then
            for j, dependValue in ipairs(v.depend) do
                if type(dependValue) ~= 'string' then
                    error('Invalid &quot;depend&quot; parameter value detected in preprocessArgs')
                end
                preprocessSingleArg(dependValue)
            end
        end
    end

    -- Get arguments with number suffixes.
    local a = 0 -- Counter variable.
    local moreArgumentsExist = true
    while moreArgumentsExist == true do
        moreArgumentsExist = false
        for i = a, a + step - 1 do
            for j,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do
                local prefixArgName = v.prefix .. tostring(i) .. (v.suffix or '')
                if origArgs[prefixArgName] then
                    moreArgumentsExist = true -- Do another loop if any arguments are found, even blank ones.
                    preprocessSingleArg(prefixArgName)
                end
                -- Process the depend table if the prefix argument is present and not blank, or
                -- we are processing &quot;prefix1&quot; and &quot;prefix&quot; is present and not blank, and
                -- if the depend table is present.
                if v.depend and (args[prefixArgName] or (i == 1 and args[v.prefix])) then
                    for j,dependValue in ipairs(v.depend) do
                        local dependArgName = dependValue .. tostring(i) .. (v.dependsuffix or '')
                        preprocessSingleArg(dependArgName)
                    end
                end
            end
        end
        a = a + step
    end
end
 
function p.infobox(frame)
    -- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking template.
    -- Otherwise, for testing purposes, assume args are being passed directly in.
    if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then
        origArgs = frame:getParent().args
    else
        origArgs = frame
    end
    
    -- Parse the data parameters in the same order that the old {{infobox}} did, so that
    -- references etc. will display in the expected places. Parameters that depend on
    -- another parameter are only processed if that parameter is present, to avoid
    -- phantom references appearing in article reference lists.
    preprocessSingleArg('child')
    preprocessSingleArg('bodyclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('subbox')
    preprocessSingleArg('bodystyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('title')
    preprocessSingleArg('titleclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('titlestyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('above')
    preprocessSingleArg('aboveclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('abovestyle')
    preprocessArgs({
        {prefix = 'subheader', depend = {'subheaderstyle', 'subheaderrowclass'}}
    }, 10)
    preprocessSingleArg('subheaderstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('subheaderclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('image')
    preprocessSingleArg('caption')
    preprocessArgs({
        {prefix = 'image', depend = {'caption', 'imagerowclass'}}
    }, 10)
    preprocessSingleArg('captionstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('imagestyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('imageclass')
    preprocessArgs({
        {prefix = 'header'},
        {prefix = 'data', depend = {'label'}},
        {prefix = 'data', suffix = 'a', depend = {'label'}},
        {prefix = 'data', suffix = 'a', depend = {'data'}, dependsuffix='c'},
        {prefix = 'data', suffix = 'b', depend = {'label'}},
        {prefix = 'data', suffix = 'b', depend = {'data'}, dependsuffix='c'},
        {prefix = 'rowclass'},
        {prefix = 'rowstyle'},
        {prefix = 'rowcellstyle'},
        {prefix = 'class'},
        {prefix = 'dataid'},
        {prefix = 'labelid'},
        {prefix = 'headerid'},
        {prefix = 'rowid'}
    }, 50)
    preprocessSingleArg('headerclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('headerstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('labelstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('datastyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('datastylea')
    preprocessSingleArg('datastyleb')
    preprocessSingleArg('datastylec')
    preprocessSingleArg('below')
    preprocessSingleArg('belowclass')
    preprocessSingleArg('belowstyle')
    preprocessSingleArg('name')
    args['italic title'] = origArgs['italic title'] -- different behaviour if blank or absent
    preprocessSingleArg('decat')
 
    return _infobox()
end
 
return p</text>
      <sha1>nht80hn3vybcbcd437z5dgxiyaf9rwn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Check for unknown parameters</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5423</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31831</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-22T08:35:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theklan</username>
        <id>5283</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent -- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is -- not on the list local p...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31831</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2527" sha1="kejsurgo8wjbfryr1gcjqi3isvmcgw1" xml:space="preserve">-- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent
-- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is
-- not on the list
local p = {}

local function trim(s)
	return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
end

local function isnotempty(s)
	return s and trim(s) ~= ''
end

function p.check (frame)
	local args = frame.args
	local pargs = frame:getParent().args
	local ignoreblank = isnotempty(frame.args['ignoreblank'])
	local checkpos = isnotempty(frame.args['checkpositional'])
	local knownargs = {}
	local unknown = frame.args['unknown'] or 'Found _VALUE_, '
	local preview = frame.args['preview'] or unknown

	local res = {}
	local regexps = {}
	local comments = {}
	local commentstr = ''
	
	local ispreview = frame:preprocess( &quot;{{REVISIONID}}&quot; ) == &quot;&quot; and 1 or 0

	-- create the list of known args, regular expressions, and the return string
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		if type(k) == 'number' then
			v = trim(v)
			knownargs[v] = 1
		elseif k:find('^regexp[1-9][0-9]*$') then
			table.insert(regexps, '^' .. v .. '$')
		end
	end
	if isnotempty(frame.args['preview']) then 
		preview = '&lt;div class=&quot;hatnote&quot; style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Warning:&lt;/strong&gt; ' .. frame.args['preview'] .. ' (this message is shown only in preview).&lt;/div&gt;'
	elseif frame.args['preview'] then
		preview = frame.args['preview']
	else
		preview = unknown
	end
	if ispreview == 1 then unknown = preview end
	
	-- adds one result to the output tables
	local function addresult(k)
		if k == '' then
			-- Fix odd bug for | = which gets stripped to the empty string and
			-- breaks category links
			k = ' '
		end
		local r = unknown:gsub('_VALUE_', k)
		table.insert(res, r)
		table.insert(comments, '&quot;' .. k .. '&quot;')
	end

	-- loop over the parent args, and make sure they are on the list
	for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
		if type(k) == 'string' and knownargs[k] == nil then
			local knownflag = false
			for i, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do
				if mw.ustring.match(k, regexp) then
					knownflag = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not knownflag and ( not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) )  then
				k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '[^%w\-_ ]', '?')
				addresult(k)
			end
		elseif checkpos and
			type(k) == 'number' and 
			knownargs[tostring(k)] == nil and
			( not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) )
		then
			addresult(k)
		end
	end

	if #comments &gt; 0 then
		commentstr = '&lt;!-- Module:Check for unknown parameters results: ' ..
			table.concat(comments, ', ') .. '--&gt;'
	end
	
	return table.concat(res) .. commentstr
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>kejsurgo8wjbfryr1gcjqi3isvmcgw1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Subst</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31834</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-23T18:47:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page</comment>
      <origin>31834</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="100" sha1="sg617qn3vk8364zfwvzqyp01la8drla" xml:space="preserve">&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sg617qn3vk8364zfwvzqyp01la8drla</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox tiko</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5427</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32318</id>
      <parentid>32317</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-15T07:21:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 32317 by [[Special:Contributions/Dr. Sroy|Dr. Sroy]] ([[User talk:Dr. Sroy|talk]])</comment>
      <origin>32318</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49210" sha1="4al0vj7fydsb9spsy6id8vyg2vn5lvh" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox
| bodyclass = geography vcard
| bodystyle = font-size:88%;
| headerstyle= text-align:left;
| aboveclass = adr
| abovestyle =  padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;
| above = 
{{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}}{{{native_name|}}}{{{name|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}}
               |&lt;span class=&quot; fn org country-name&quot;&gt;{{{conventional_long_name|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
        }}{{#if:{{{native_name|}}}{{{name|}}}
               |&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
                 --&gt;{{br separated entries
                     |{{{native_name|}}}
                     |{{#if:{{{name|}}}
                       |&lt;span class=&quot;fn org country-name&quot;&gt;{{{name|}}}&lt;/span&gt;
                 }}}}&lt;/div&gt;
               }}&lt;!--
           --&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes
               |&lt;span class=&quot; fn org&quot;&gt;[[Micronation]]&lt;/span&gt;
        }}
     }}

| imagestyle = text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;

| image1 = {{#if:{{{image_coat|}}}{{{image_symbol|}}}{{{image_flag|}}}{{{image_flag2|}}}
  |{{infobox tiko/imagetable
    |image1a = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|suppressplaceholder={{main other||no}}|image={{{image_flag|}}}|sizedefault=125px|size={{{flag_width|}}}|maxsize=250|border={{yesno |{{{flag_border|}}}|yes=yes|blank=yes}}|alt={{{alt_flag|}}}|title=Flag of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}}}
    |image1b = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|suppressplaceholder={{main other||no}}|image={{{image_flag2|}}}|sizedefault=125px|size={{{flag_width|}}}|maxsize=250|border={{yesno |{{{flag2_border|}}}|yes=yes|blank=yes}}|alt={{{alt_flag2|}}}}}
    |caption1= {{#ifexist:Flag of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}} |[[Flag of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{flag_caption|Flag}}}]] |{{{flag_caption|Flag}}} }}
    |image2  = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|suppressplaceholder={{main other||no}}|image={{if empty|{{{image_coat|}}}|{{{image_symbol|}}}}} |size={{{symbol_width|}}}|sizedefault=85px|alt={{#if:{{{image_coat|}}}|{{{alt_coat|}}}|{{{alt_symbol|}}}}}|title={{{symbol_type|Coat of arms}}} of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}}}
    |caption2= {{#ifexist:{{{symbol_type_article|{{{symbol_type|Coat of arms}}}}}} of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}} |[[{{{symbol_type_article|{{{symbol_type|Coat of arms}}}}}} of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}} | {{{symbol_type|Coat of arms}}}]] |{{{symbol_type_article|{{{symbol_type|Coat of arms}}}}}} }}
    }} }}
    
| data1 = {{#if:{{{national_motto|}}}{{{motto|}}}
     |&lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot;&gt;'''Motto:&amp;nbsp;'''{{if empty|{{{motto|}}}|{{{national_motto|}}}}}&lt;!--
           --&gt;{{#if:{{{englishmotto|}}}|&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{{englishmotto}}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;/div&gt;
    }}

| class2 = anthem
| data2 = {{#if:{{{national_anthem|}}}{{{anthem|}}}
        |&lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot;&gt;'''Anthem:&amp;nbsp;'''{{if empty|{{{national_anthem|}}}|{{{anthem|}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
        }}{{#if:{{{royal_anthem|}}}
        | &lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot;&gt;'''[[Royal anthem]]:&amp;nbsp;'''{{{royal_anthem}}}&lt;/div&gt;
        }}

| data3 = {{#if:{{{other_symbol|}}}{{{text_symbol|}}}
     |&lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.2em;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{other_symbol_type|}}}{{{text_symbol_type|}}}
               | '''{{if empty|{{{other_symbol_type|}}}|{{{text_symbol_type|}}}}}'''&lt;br/&gt;}}&lt;!--
                 --&gt;{{if empty|{{{other_symbol|}}}|{{{text_symbol|}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
     }}

| data4 = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}
   |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{{map_width|}}}|upright=1.15|alt={{{alt_map|}}}|title={{{map_caption|Location of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}} }}} }}&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;position:relative;top:0.3em;&quot;&gt;{{{map_caption|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}} }}

| data5 = {{#if:{{{image_map2|}}}
   |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map2|}}}|size={{{map2_width|}}}|upright=1.15|alt={{{alt_map2|}}}|title={{{map_caption2|Location of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}} }}} }}&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#if:{{{map_caption2|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;position:relative;top:0.3em;&quot;&gt;{{{map_caption2|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}} }}

| label6 = Status
| data6 = {{{status|}}}

| label7 = Location
| data7 = {{{loctext|}}}

| label8 = {{#if:{{{capital_type|}}} | {{{capital_type}}} | Ntsindza-doroba }}{{#ifeq: {{#ifeq:{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}|Ntsindza-doroba
                         |Ntsindza-doroba&lt;!--
                      --&gt;|{{#switch:{{{capital}}}
                           | [[{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}]] = Ntsindza-doroba
                           | {{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}} = Ntsindza-doroba
                           | not Ntsindza-doroba
                          }}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;}}|Ntsindza-doroba &lt;!--
    (#ifeq:)--&gt;|&lt;!------------------------------------------
                     Ntsindza-doroba is largest_city/_settlement:
                 -------------------------------------------
             --&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;and {{{largest_settlement_type|largest city}}}&lt;/span&gt;
              }}
| data8  = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}|{{{capital}}}{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|&lt;br/&gt;{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:city}}}} }}

| rowclass9 = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}|mergedrow}}
| label9 = {{#if:{{{admin_center_type|}}}| {{{admin_center_type}}} | Administrative&amp;nbsp;center }}
| data9 = {{#switch:{{{admin_center|}}}
  |capital | =
  |[[{{{capital|}}}]] =
  |{{{capital|}}} =
  |#default = {{{admin_center}}}{{#if:{{{capital|}}}||{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|&lt;br/&gt;{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:city}}}} }} }}

| rowclass10 = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}{{{admin_center|}}}|mergedbottomrow}}
| label10 = Largest {{{largest_settlement_type|city}}}
| data10 = {{#ifeq: {{#ifeq:{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}|capital
                         |capital&lt;!--
                      --&gt;|{{#switch:{{{capital}}}
                           | [[{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}]] = capital
                           | {{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}} = capital
                           | not capital
                          }}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;}}|capital &lt;!--
    (#ifeq:)--&gt;|&lt;!-- nothing already appears above --&gt;
               | {{if empty| {{{largest_city|}}} | {{{largest_settlement|}}} }}
               }}

| rowclass11 = mergedtoprow
| label11 = Tindzimi-Ximfumo
| data11 = {{{official_languages|}}}
| rowclass12 = mergedrow
| label12 = &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{recognized_languages|}}}|Recognized|Recognised}}&amp;nbsp;languages&lt;/span&gt;
| data12 = {{if empty| {{{recognized_languages|}}} | {{{recognised_languages|}}} }}
| rowclass13 = mergedrow
| label13 = &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{recognized_national_languages|}}}|Recognized|Recognised}} national&amp;nbsp;languages&lt;/span&gt;
| data13 = {{if empty| {{{recognized_national_languages|}}} | {{{recognised_national_languages|}}} | {{{national_languages|}}} }}
| rowclass14 = mergedrow
| label14 = &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{recognized_regional_languages|}}}|Recognized|Recognised}} regional&amp;nbsp;languages&lt;/span&gt;
| data14 = {{if empty| {{{recognized_regional_languages|}}} | {{{recognised_regional_languages|}}} | {{{regional_languages|}}} }}

| rowclass15 = {{#ifeq:{{{languages2_sub|}}}|yes
           |{{#ifeq:{{{languages_sub|}}}|yes |mergedrow}}
           |{{#ifeq:{{{languages_sub|}}}|yes |mergedbottomrow}} }}
| label15 ={{#ifeq:{{{languages_sub|}}}|yes
  |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;{{if empty| {{{languages_type|}}} | Other&amp;nbsp;languages }}&lt;/span&gt;
  |{{if empty| {{{languages_type|}}} | Other&amp;nbsp;languages }}
  }}
| data15 = {{{languages|}}}

| rowclass16 = {{#ifeq:{{{languages2_sub|}}}|yes |mergedbottomrow}}
| label16 = {{#ifeq:{{{languages2_sub|}}}|yes
  |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;{{if empty|{{{languages2_type|}}} | Other&amp;nbsp;languages }}&lt;/span&gt;
  |{{if empty|{{{languages2_type|}}} | Other&amp;nbsp;languages }}
  }}
| data16 = {{{languages2|}}}
  
| label17 = [[Ethnic groups|Ethnic&amp;nbsp;groups]]&lt;!--
           --&gt;{{#if:{{{ethnic_groups_year|}}} |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt; ({{{ethnic_groups_year}}}){{{ethnic_groups_ref|}}}&lt;/span&gt;|&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;{{{ethnic_groups_ref|}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}
| data17 = {{{ethnic_groups|}}}

| label18 = Religion&lt;!--
           --&gt;{{#if:{{{religion_year|}}} |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt; ({{{religion_year}}}){{{religion_ref|}}}&lt;/span&gt;|&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;{{{religion_ref|}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}
| data18 = {{{religion|}}}

| label19 = [[Demonym]]
| data19 = {{#if:{{{demonym|}}}
  |{{#ifexist:{{{demonym}}} people
     | [[{{{demonym}}} people|{{{demonym}}}]]
     | {{{demonym}}}
    }}
  }}

| label20 = Type
| data20 = {{{org_type|}}}

| label21 = {{if empty|{{{membership_type|}}} | Membership }}
| data21 = {{{membership|}}}

| label22 = {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{politics_link|}}}
               | [[{{{politics_link}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}]]&lt;!--
            --&gt;| {{#ifexist:Politics of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}
                  | [[Politics of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}]]&lt;!--
               --&gt;| {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}&lt;!--
              --&gt;}}&lt;!--
           --&gt;}}&lt;!--
      --&gt;}}
| data22 = {{{government_type|}}}

| header23 = {{#if:{{{government_type|}}} || {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}{{{leader_name1|}}}
        | {{#if:{{{name|}}}{{{membership|}}}
           | &lt;!--template being used for geopolitical org:--&gt;Leaders          
           | &lt;!--template being used for country/territory: --&gt;Government 
          }} 
        }} }}

| rowclass24 = {{#if:{{{leader_name2|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label24 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title1|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data24 = {{{leader_name1|}}}
| rowclass25 = {{#if:{{{leader_name3|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label25 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title2|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data25 = {{{leader_name2|}}}
| rowclass26 = {{#if:{{{leader_name4|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label26 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title3|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data26 = {{{leader_name3|}}}
| rowclass27 = {{#if:{{{leader_name5|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label27 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title4|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data27 = {{{leader_name4|}}}
| rowclass28 = {{#if:{{{leader_name6|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label28 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title5|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data28 = {{{leader_name5|}}}
| rowclass29 = {{#if:{{{leader_name7|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label29 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title6|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data29 = {{{leader_name6|}}}
| rowclass30 = {{#if:{{{leader_name8|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label30 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title7|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data30 = {{{leader_name7|}}}
| rowclass31 = {{#if:{{{leader_name9|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label31 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title8|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data31 = {{{leader_name8|}}}
| rowclass32 = {{#if:{{{leader_name10|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label32 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title9|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data32 = {{{leader_name9|}}}
| rowclass33 = {{#if:{{{leader_name11|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label33 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title10|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data33 = {{{leader_name10|}}}
| rowclass34 = {{#if:{{{leader_name12|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label34 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title11|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data34 = {{{leader_name11|}}}
| rowclass35 = {{#if:{{{leader_name13|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label35 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title12|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data35 = {{{leader_name12|}}}
| rowclass36 = {{#if:{{{leader_name14|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label36 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title13|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data36 = {{{leader_name13|}}}
| rowclass37 = {{#if:{{{leader_name15|}}}|mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label37 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title14|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data37 = {{{leader_name14|}}}
| rowclass38 = mergedbottomrow
| label38 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title15|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data38 = {{{leader_name15|}}}

| label39 = Legislature
| data39 = {{{legislature|}}}
| rowclass40 = mergedrow
| label40 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;[[Upper house]]&lt;/div&gt;
| data40 = {{{upper_house|}}}
| rowclass41 = mergedbottomrow
| label41 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;[[Lower house]]&lt;/div&gt;
| data41 = {{{lower_house|}}}

| rowclass42 = {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}} |mergedtoprow}}
| header42 = {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}}{{{sovereignty_type|}}}
   |{{#if:{{{sovereignty_type|}}}
      | {{{sovereignty_type}}}&lt;!--
               --&gt;{{#if:{{{sovereignty_note|}}} |&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;{{{sovereignty_note}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}
      | {{#if:{{{established|}}}| | Establishment }}
  }} }}

| label43 = Establishment
| data43 = {{#if:{{{sovereignty_type|}}}
      |
      |{{{established|}}}
      }}
| rowclass44 = {{#if:{{{established_event2|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label44 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event1|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data44 = {{{established_date1|}}}
| rowclass45 = {{#if:{{{established_event3|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label45 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event2|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data45 = {{{established_date2|}}}
| rowclass46 = {{#if:{{{established_event4|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label46 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event3|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data46 = {{{established_date3|}}}
| rowclass47 = {{#if:{{{established_event5|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label47 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event4|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data47 = {{{established_date4|}}}
| rowclass48 = {{#if:{{{established_event6|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label48 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event5|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data48 = {{{established_date5|}}}
| rowclass49 = {{#if:{{{established_event7|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label49 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event6|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data49 = {{{established_date6|}}}
| rowclass50 = {{#if:{{{established_event8|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label50 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event7|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data50 = {{{established_date7|}}}
| rowclass51 = {{#if:{{{established_event9|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label51 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event8|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data51 = {{{established_date8|}}}
| rowclass52 = {{#if:{{{established_event10|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label52 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event9|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data52 = {{{established_date9|}}}
| rowclass53 = {{#if:{{{established_event11|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label53 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event10|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data53 = {{{established_date10|}}}
| rowclass54 = {{#if:{{{established_event12|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label54 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event11|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data54 = {{{established_date11|}}}
| rowclass55 = {{#if:{{{established_event13|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label55 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event12|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data55 = {{{established_date12|}}}
| rowclass56 = {{#if:{{{established_event14|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label56 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event13|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data56 = {{{established_date13|}}}
| label57 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event14|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data57 = {{{established_date14|}}}
| rowclass57 = {{#if:{{{established_event15|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label58 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{established_event15|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data58 = {{{established_date15|}}}
| rowclass58 = mergedbottomrow

| rowclass59 = mergedtoprow
| header59 = {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{area_link|}}}
               | [[{{{area_link}}}|Area {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|claimed|}}]]
               | {{#ifexist:Geography of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}
                  | [[Geography of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|Area {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|claimed|}}]]
                  | Area {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|claimed|}}&lt;!--
              --&gt;}}&lt;!--
           --&gt;}} }}

| rowclass60 = {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{percent_water|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}
| label60 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{area_label|Total}}}{{{FR_foot4|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data60 = {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}
  |{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sq_mi|}}}
     |{{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}}
     |{{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}
        |{{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre|abbr=on}}
      }}
   }}{{{area_footnote|}}}{{#if:{{{area_rank|}}} |&amp;#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by area|{{{area_rank}}}]]) }}
  }}

| rowclass61 = {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{percent_water|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}
| label61 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Land&lt;/div&gt;
| data61 = {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}
  |{{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}
     |{{convinfobox|{{{area_land_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}}
     |{{#if:{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}
        |{{convinfobox|{{{area_land_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_land_acre|}}}|acre|abbr=on}}
      }}
   }}{{{area_land_footnote|}}}
  }}

| rowclass62 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{percent_water|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}
| label62 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Water&lt;/div&gt;
| data62 = {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}
  |{{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}
     |{{convinfobox|{{{area_water_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}}
     |{{#if:{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}
        |{{convinfobox|{{{area_water_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_water_acre|}}}|acre|abbr=on}}
      }}
   }}{{{area_water_footnote|}}}
  }}

| rowclass63 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}
| label63 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Water&amp;nbsp;(%)&lt;/div&gt;
| data63 = {{{percent_water|}}}

| rowclass64 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}
| label64 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{area_label2|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data64 = {{#if:{{{area_label2|}}}| {{{area_data2|}}} }}

| rowclass65 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}
| label65 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{area_label3|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data65 = {{#if:{{{area_label3|}}}| {{{area_data3|}}} }}

| rowclass66 = mergedrow
| label66 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{FR_metropole}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data66 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}| &lt;nowiki /&gt; }}

| rowclass67 = mergedrow
| label67 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;[[Institut Géographique National|IGN]]{{{FR_foot2|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data67 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}
  |{{#if:{{{FR_IGN_area_km2|}}}{{{FR_IGN_area_sq_mi|}}}
     |{{convinfobox|{{{FR_IGN_area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{FR_IGN_area_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{#if:{{{FR_IGN_area_rank|}}}|&amp;#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by area|{{{FR_IGN_area_rank|}}}]])}}
   }}
 }}
| rowclass68 = mergedbottomrow
| label68 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;[[Cadastre]]{{{FR_foot3|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data68 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}
  |{{#if:{{{FR_cadastre_area_km2|}}}{{{FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi|}}}
     | {{convinfobox|{{{FR_cadastre_area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{#if:{{{FR_cadastre_area_rank|}}}|&amp;#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by area|{{{FR_cadastre_area_rank|}}}]])}}
   }}
 }}
 
| rowclass69 = mergedtoprow
| header69 = {{#if:{{{population_estimate|}}}{{{population_census|}}}{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}
     |{{#if:{{{population_link|}}}
               | [[{{{population_link}}}|Population]]&lt;!--
            --&gt;| {{#ifexist:Demographics of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}
                  | [[Demographics of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|Population]]&lt;!--
               --&gt;| Population&lt;!--
              --&gt;}}&lt;!--
           --&gt;}} }}

| rowclass70 = mergedrow
| label70 = &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{#if:{{{population_estimate_year|}}} |{{{population_estimate_year}}}&amp;nbsp;estimate|Estimate}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data70 = {{#if:{{{population_estimate|}}}
        |{{{population_estimate}}}&lt;!--
              --&gt;{{#if:{{{population_estimate_rank|}}} |&amp;#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by population|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])}}
        }}
| rowclass71 = mergedrow
| label71= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{population_label2|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data71= {{#if:{{{population_label2|}}}|{{{population_data2|}}}}}

| rowclass72= mergedrow
| label72= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{population_label3|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data72= {{#if:{{{population_label3|}}}|{{{population_data3|}}}}}

| rowclass73= mergedrow
| label73= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{#if:{{{population_census_year|}}} |{{{population_census_year}}}&amp;nbsp;census|Census}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data73= {{#if:{{{population_census|}}}
  |{{{population_census}}}&lt;!--
              --&gt;{{#if:{{{population_census_rank|}}} |&amp;#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by population|{{{population_census_rank}}}]])}}
  }}

| rowclass74= mergedrow
| label74 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate_year|}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;({{{FR_total_population_estimate_year}}})&lt;/span&gt;}}}}
| data74 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate_year|}}}|&lt;nowiki /&gt;}}}}

| rowclass75 = mergedrow
| label75= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Total{{{FR_foot|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data75= {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate|}}}
 |{{{FR_total_population_estimate}}}{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate_rank|}}}|&amp;#32;([[List of countries by population in 2005|{{{FR_total_population_estimate_rank}}}]])}}
  }} }}

| rowclass76 = mergedrow
| label76= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;{{{FR_metropole}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data76= {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{{FR_metropole_population}}}{{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank|}}}
 |&amp;#32;([[List of countries by population in 2005|{{{FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank}}}]])}}
 }}

| rowclass77 = mergedbottomrow
| label77= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Density{{{FR_foot5|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
| data77= {{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}
     | {{convinfobox|{{{population_density_km2|}}}|/km2|{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|/sqmi|1|abbr=on}}{{{pop_den_footnote|}}}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if:{{{population_density_rank|}}} |&amp;#32;([[List of countries and territories by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]])}}
     }}
| rowclass78 = {{#if:{{{population_estimate|}}}{{{population_census|}}}{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|mergedbottomrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label78 = Membership
| data78= {{{nummembers|}}}

| rowclass79= mergedtoprow
| label79= {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Claimed|}} [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])&lt;/span&gt;
| data79= {{#if:{{{GDP_PPP|}}}{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita|}}}
     |{{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_year|}}} |{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}&amp;nbsp;}}estimate
     }}
| rowclass80= mergedrow
| label80= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Total&lt;/div&gt;
| data80= {{#if:{{{GDP_PPP|}}}
     |{{{GDP_PPP}}}&lt;!--
             --&gt;{{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_rank|}}} |&amp;#32;([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])}}
     }}
| rowclass81= mergedbottomrow
| label81= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Per capita&lt;/div&gt;
| data81= {{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita|}}}
     |{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}}&lt;!--
                --&gt;{{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank|}}} |&amp;#32;([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]])}}
     }}
     
| rowclass82= mergedtoprow
| label82= {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Claimed|}} [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(nominal)&lt;/span&gt;
| data82= {{#if:{{{GDP_nominal|}}}{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita|}}}
   |{{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_year|}}} |{{{GDP_nominal_year}}}&amp;nbsp;}}estimate
   }}

| rowclass83= mergedrow
| label83= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Total&lt;/div&gt;
| data83= {{#if:{{{GDP_nominal|}}}
     |{{{GDP_nominal}}}&lt;!--
             --&gt;{{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_rank|}}} |&amp;#32;([[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|{{{GDP_nominal_rank}}}]])}}
     }}
| rowclass84= mergedbottomrow
| label84= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Per capita&lt;/div&gt;
| data84= {{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita|}}}
        | {{{GDP_nominal_per_capita}}}&lt;!--
                --&gt;{{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank|}}} |&amp;#32;([[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank}}}]])}}
       }}

| label85= [[Gini_coefficient|Gini]]{{#if:{{{Gini_year|}}} |&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;({{{Gini_year}}})&lt;/span&gt;}}
| data85= {{#if:{{{Gini|}}}
     | {{#switch:{{{Gini_change|}}}
              |increase = {{increaseNegative}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
           --&gt;|decrease = {{decreasePositive}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
           --&gt;|steady = {{steady}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
          --&gt;}}{{{Gini}}}{{{Gini_ref|}}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;!--
          ---------Evaluate and add Gini category:----------
          --&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
             --&gt;{{#iferror:&lt;!--
                --&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}&gt;100 &lt;!--
                 --&gt;| {{error|Error: Gini value above 100}}&lt;!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--&gt;&lt;!--
                 --&gt;| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}&gt;=60 |{{color|red|very high}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}&gt;=46 &lt;!--
                       --&gt;| {{color|darkred|high}}&lt;!--
                       --&gt;| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}&gt;=30 &lt;!--
                          --&gt;| {{color|orange|medium}}&lt;!--
                          --&gt;| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}&gt;=0 &lt;!--
                             --&gt;| {{color|forestgreen|low}}&lt;!--
                             --&gt;| {{error|Error:Gini value below 0}}&lt;!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--&gt;&lt;!--
                            --&gt;}}&lt;!--
                         --&gt;}}&lt;!--
                      --&gt;}}&lt;!--
                   --&gt;}}&lt;!--
                --&gt;}}&lt;!--
              --&gt;| {{error|Error: Invalid Gini value}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | [[Category:Country articles requiring maintenance]] }}&lt;!--
             --&gt;}}&lt;!--
           --&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--
           -----------Add Gini_rank (if supplied):----------
           --&gt;{{#if:{{{Gini_rank|}}}
               |&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;[[List of countries by income equality|{{{Gini_rank}}}]]&lt;!--
           --&gt;}}&lt;!--
      --&gt;}}

| label86= [[Human Development Index|HDI]]{{#if:{{{HDI_year|}}} |&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;({{{HDI_year}}})&lt;/span&gt;}}
| data86= {{#if:{{{HDI|}}}
     | {{#switch:{{{HDI_change|}}}
              |increase = {{increase}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
           --&gt;|decrease = {{decrease}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
           --&gt;|steady = {{steady}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
          --&gt;}}{{{HDI}}}{{{HDI_ref|}}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;!--
          ---------Evaluate and add HDI category:---------
          --&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
              --&gt;{{#iferror:&lt;!--
                --&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}&gt;1 &lt;!--
                 --&gt;| {{error|Error: HDI value greater than 1}}&lt;!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--&gt;&lt;!--
                 --&gt;| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}&gt;0.799 &lt;!--
                    --&gt;| {{color|darkgreen|very high}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}&gt;0.699 &lt;!--
                       --&gt;| {{color|forestgreen|high}}&lt;!--
                       --&gt;| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}&gt;0.549 &lt;!--
                          --&gt;| {{color|orange|medium}}&lt;!--
                          --&gt;| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}&gt;=0.000&lt;!--
                             --&gt;| {{color|red|low}}&lt;!--
                             --&gt;| {{error|Error: HDI value less than 0}}&lt;!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--&gt;&lt;!--
                            --&gt;}}&lt;!--
                         --&gt;}}&lt;!--
                      --&gt;}}&lt;!--
                   --&gt;}}&lt;!--
                --&gt;}}&lt;!--
               --&gt;| {{error|Error: Invalid HDI value}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | [[Category:Country articles requiring maintenance]] }}&lt;!--
              --&gt;}}&lt;!--
           --&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--
          ----------Add HDI_rank (if supplied):-----------
          --&gt;{{#if:{{{HDI_rank|}}}
              |&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;[[List of countries by Human Development Index|{{{HDI_rank}}}]]&lt;!--
          --&gt;}}&lt;!--
      --&gt;}}
      
| label87= {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Purported currency|Currency}}
| data87= {{#if:{{{currency|}}}
     | {{{currency}}} {{#if:{{{currency_code|}}} |([[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]])}}
   }}

| rowclass88= {{#if:{{{utc_offset_DST|}}}{{{DST_note|}}} |mergedtoprow}}
| label88= Time zone
| data88= {{#if:{{{time_zone|}}}{{{utc_offset|}}}
     |{{{time_zone|}}} &lt;!--
              --&gt;{{#if:{{{utc_offset|}}}
                  |{{nowrap|([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}})}}&lt;!--
              --&gt;}}
     }}
| rowclass89= {{#if:{{{DST_note|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}
| label89= &lt;div style=&quot;text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;•&amp;nbsp;Summer&amp;nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]])&lt;/div&gt;
| data89= {{#if:{{{time_zone_DST|}}}{{{DST|}}}{{{utc_offset_DST|}}}
        |{{if empty| {{{time_zone_DST|}}} | {{{DST|}}} }}&amp;nbsp;([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}})
        }}

| rowclass90= mergedbottomrow
| label90= &lt;nowiki /&gt;
| data90= {{{DST_note|}}}
 
| label91 = [[Antipodes]]
| data91= {{{antipodes|}}}

| label92 = Date format
| data92= {{{date_format|}}}

| label93= [[Right- and left-hand traffic|Drives on the]]
| data93= {{#if:{{{drives_on|}}} | {{lcfirst:{{{drives_on}}}}} }}

| label94= {{#if:{{{calling_code|}}}
    |{{#ifexist:Telephone numbers in {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}
               | [[Telephone numbers in {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|Calling code]]
               | Calling code
              }}
   }}
| data94= {{{calling_code|}}}

| label95= [[Patron saint]]{{#if:{{{patron_saints|}}}|s}}
| data95= {{if empty| {{{patron_saints|}}} | {{{patron_saint|}}} }}

| label96= [[ISO 3166|ISO 3166 code]]
| data96= {{#switch:{{{iso3166code|}}}
     |omit = &lt;!--(do nothing)--&gt;
     | = &lt;!--if iso3166code is not supplied:
          --&gt;{{#if:{{{common_name|}}}
              | {{#if:{{#invoke:Country extract|main|{{{common_name}}}|nocat=true}}
                 | [[ISO 3166-2:{{#invoke:Country extract|main|{{{common_name}}}}}|{{#invoke:Country extract|main|{{{common_name}}}}}]]
                }}
             }}
     |#default = [[ISO 3166-2:{{uc:{{{iso3166code}}}}}|{{uc:{{{iso3166code}}}}}]]
    }}

| label97= [[Country code top-level domain|Internet TLD]]
| data97= {{{cctld|}}}

| data98 = {{#if:{{{official_website|}}}
     |&lt;div style=&quot;line-height:11pt&quot;&gt;'''Website'''&lt;br/&gt;{{{official_website}}}&lt;/div&gt;
     }}

| data99= {{#if:{{{image_map3|}}}
  | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map3|}}}|size={{{map3_width|}}}|upright=1.15|alt={{{alt_map3|}}}|title=Location of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}} }}&lt;!--
    --&gt;{{#if:{{{map_caption3|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;position:relative;top:0.3em;&quot;&gt;{{{map_caption3|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
  }}

| data100 = {{#if:{{{footnote_a|}}}{{{footnote_b|}}}{{{footnote_c|}}}{{{footnote_d|}}}{{{footnote_e|}}}{{{footnote_f|}}}{{{footnote_g|}}}{{{footnote_h|}}}
  |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 1em; font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;
{{#if:{{{footnote_a|}}}|&lt;li value=1&gt;{{{footnote_a|}}}&lt;/li&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{footnote_b|}}}|&lt;li value=2&gt;{{{footnote_b|}}}&lt;/li&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{footnote_c|}}}|&lt;li value=3&gt;{{{footnote_c|}}}&lt;/li&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{footnote_d|}}}|&lt;li value=4&gt;{{{footnote_d|}}}&lt;/li&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{footnote_e|}}}|&lt;li value=5&gt;{{{footnote_e|}}}&lt;/li&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{footnote_f|}}}|&lt;li value=6&gt;{{{footnote_f|}}}&lt;/li&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{footnote_g|}}}|&lt;li value=7&gt;{{{footnote_g|}}}&lt;/li&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{footnote_h|}}}|&lt;li value=8&gt;{{{footnote_h|}}}&lt;/li&gt;}}
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;}}

| data101 = {{#if:{{{footnote1|}}}{{{footnote2|}}}{{{footnote3|}}}{{{footnote4|}}}{{{footnote5|}}}{{{footnote6|}}}{{{footnote7|}}}{{{footnote8|}}}
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{{documentation|content=
{{Template talk:Infobox tiko
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Cameroon
|native_name = {{lang|fr|République du Cameroun}}
|common_name = Cameroon
|image_flag = Flag of Cameroon.svg
|alt_flag = Vertical tricolor (green, red, yellow) with a five-pointed gold star in the center of the red.
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg
|symbol_type = Coat of arms
|image_map = Cameroon (orthographic projection).svg
|alt_map = Location of Cameroon on the globe.
|national_motto = &lt;br/&gt;{{native phrase|fr|&quot;Paix – Travail – Patrie&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|&quot;Peace – Work – Fatherland&quot;}}
|national_anthem = &lt;br/&gt;&quot;{{native phrase|fr|[[O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers|Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres]]|nolink=yes|italics=off}}&quot;&lt;br/&gt;{{raise|0.2em|{{small|''O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers''}} {{lower|0.1em|&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}}}}
|official_languages = {{hlist |[[French language|French]] |[[English language|English]]}}
|demonym = Cameroonian
|ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
  | {{nowrap|31% [[Ethnic groups in Cameroon|Cameroon Highlanders]]}}
  | 19% [[Bantu peoples|Equatorial Bantu]]
  | 11% [[Kirdi]]
  | 10% [[Fula people|Fulani]]
  |  8% [[Bantu peoples|Northwestern Bantu]]
  |  7% Eastern Nigritic
  | 13% other African
  | &lt;1% non-African
 }}
|capital = [[Yaoundé]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cameroon - Infoplease.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107382.html |title=Cameroon |publisher=Infoplease |accessdate=27 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|coordinates = {{coord|3|52|N|11|31|E}}
|largest_city = [[Douala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cameroon - Infoplease.com&quot;/&gt;
|government_type = [[Republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[List of heads of state of Cameroon|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Paul Biya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cameroon - Infoplease.com&quot;/&gt;
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cameroon|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Philémon Yang]]
|legislature = [[National Assembly (Cameroon)|National Assembly]]
|area_rank = 54th &lt;!--Demographic Yearbook 1.--&gt;
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area_km2 = 475,442
|area_sq_mi = 183,568 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 1.3 &lt;!--CIA World Factbook--&gt;
|population_estimate = 20,129,878&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html |title=Cameroon |work=The World Factbook |accessdate=21 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_estimate_rank = 58th &lt;!--UN World Population Prospects--&gt;
|population_estimate_year = July 2012
|population_census = 17,463,836&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title={{lang|fr|Rapport de présentation des résultats définitifs}} |url=http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/downloads/Rapport_de_presentation_3_RGPH.pdf |format=PDF |page=6 |publisher={{lang|fr|Institut national de la statistique}} |accessdate=21 July 2012 |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census_year = 2005
|population_density_km2 = 39.7
|population_density_sq_mi = 102,8 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 167th &lt;!--UN World Population Prospects--&gt;
|GDP_PPP = $47.251 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=39&amp;pr.y=9&amp;sy=2009&amp;ey=2012&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=622&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Cameroon |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2012-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_year = 2011
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,257&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $25.759 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2011
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,230&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
|sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from [[France]]}}
|established_event1 = Declared
|established_date1 = 1 January 1960
|established_event2 = {{nowrap|Annexation of former&lt;br/&gt;[[British Cameroons]]}}
|established_date2 = 1 October 1961
|HDI_year = 2011
|HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.482 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref&gt;http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 150th
|Gini_year = 2001
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 44.6 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |title=Distribution of family income – Gini index |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=2009-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank =
|currency = [[Central African CFA franc]]
|currency_code = XAF
|country_code =
|time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = not observed
|utc_offset_DST = +1
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+237]]
|cctld = [[.cm]]
|footnote_a = These are the titles as given in the ''Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon'', Article X. The French version of the song is sometimes called {{lang|fr|Chant de Ralliement}}, as in ''National Anthems of the World''; and the English version &quot;O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers&quot;, as in DeLancey and DeLancey 61.
}}
}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Ping</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5431</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31850</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-26T17:37:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page</comment>
      <origin>31850</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="91" sha1="bixtml41n5q9dp0ay8hdxh7aaodhzzg" xml:space="preserve">{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Reply to|replyto|&lt;noinclude&gt;example=Example&lt;/noinclude&gt;|max=50}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Reply to</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5432</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31851</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-26T17:41:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Module copied</comment>
      <origin>31851</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1667" sha1="2g258a6jic0282azfyk17p5289xwnxm" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

local function makeError(msg)
	msg ='Error in [[Template:Reply to]]: ' .. msg
	return mw.text.tag('strong', {['class']='error'}, msg)
end

function p.replyto(frame)
	local origArgs = frame:getParent().args
	local args = {}
	local maxArg = 1
	local usernames = 0
	for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do
		if type(k) == 'number' then
			if mw.ustring.match(v,'%S') then
				if k &gt; maxArg then maxArg = k end
				usernames = usernames + 1
				local title = mw.title.new(v)
				if not title then return makeError('Input contains forbidden characters.') end
				args[k] = title.rootText
			end
		elseif v == '' and k:sub(0,5) == 'label' then
			args[k] = '&amp;#x200B;'
		else
			args[k] = v
		end
	end

	if usernames &gt; (tonumber(frame.args.max) or 50) then
		return makeError(string.format(
			'More than %s names specified.',
			tostring(frame.args.max or 50)
		))
	else
		if usernames &lt; 1 then
			if frame.args.example then args[1] = frame.args.example else return makeError('Username not given.') end
		end
		args['label1'] = args['label1'] or args['label']
		local isfirst = true
		local outStr = args['prefix'] or '@'
		for i = 1, maxArg do
			if args[i] then
				if isfirst then
					isfirst = false
				else
					if ( (usernames &gt; 2) or ((usernames == 2) and (args['c'] == '')) ) then outStr = outStr..', ' end
					if i == maxArg then outStr = outStr..' '..(args['c'] or 'and') .. ' ' end
				end
				outStr = string.format(
					'%s[[User:%s|%s]]',
					outStr,
					args[i],
					args['label'..tostring(i)] or args[i]
				)
			end
		end
		outStr = outStr..(args['p'] or ':')
		return mw.text.tag('span', {['class']='template-ping'}, outStr)
	end
end

return p</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Re</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5433</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Ping" />
    <revision>
      <id>31852</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-26T17:44:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect</comment>
      <origin>31852</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="lt5pkeikiud1vl7p6ha5s75xa7x9nxi" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT
[[template:ping]]</text>
      <sha1>lt5pkeikiud1vl7p6ha5s75xa7x9nxi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Reply to</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5434</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Ping" />
    <revision>
      <id>31853</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-26T17:45:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect</comment>
      <origin>31853</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="g7o214dsd2ghnobiv6f9b8xtde8y8jc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT
[[Template:ping]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Reply</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5435</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Ping" />
    <revision>
      <id>31854</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-26T17:46:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect</comment>
      <origin>31854</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="g7o214dsd2ghnobiv6f9b8xtde8y8jc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT
[[Template:ping]]</text>
      <sha1>g7o214dsd2ghnobiv6f9b8xtde8y8jc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Yo</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5436</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Ping" />
    <revision>
      <id>31855</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-26T17:46:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect</comment>
      <origin>31855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="g7o214dsd2ghnobiv6f9b8xtde8y8jc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT
[[Template:ping]]</text>
      <sha1>g7o214dsd2ghnobiv6f9b8xtde8y8jc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current time</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5437</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31860</id>
      <timestamp>2018-07-27T12:40:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:{{{1}}}  |Coordinated Universal Time=Current UTC is {{CURRENTTIME}}  |UTC-1=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|23}}  |UTC-2=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|22}}  |U...&quot;</comment>
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 |UTC-2=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|22}}
 |UTC-2:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|21|30}}
 |UTC-3=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|21}}
 |UTC-3:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|20|30}}
 |UTC-4=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|20}}
 |UTC-5=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|19}}
 |UTC-6=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|18}}
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 |UTC-11=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|13}}
 |UTC-12=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|12}}
 |UTC+0:20=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|0|20}}
 |UTC+0:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|0|30}}
 |UTC+1=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|1}}
 |UTC+2=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|2}}
 |UTC+3=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|3}}
 |UTC+3:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|3|30}}
 |UTC+4=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|4}}
 |UTC+4:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|4|30}}
 |UTC+4:51=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|4|51}}
 |UTC+5=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|5}}
 |UTC+5:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|5|30}}
 |UTC+5:40=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|5|40}}
 |UTC+5:45=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|5|45}}
 |UTC+6=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|6}}
 |UTC+6:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|6|30}}
 |UTC+7=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|7}}
 |UTC+7:20=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|7|20}}
 |UTC+7:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|7|30}}
 |UTC+8=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|8}}
 |UTC+8:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|8|30}}
 |UTC+8:45=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|8|45}}
 |UTC+9=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|9}}
 |UTC+9:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|9|30}}
 |UTC+10=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|10}}
 |UTC+10:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|10|30}}
 |UTC+11=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|11}}
 |UTC+11:30=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|11|30}}
 |UTC+12=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|12}}
 |UTC+12:45=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|12|45}}
 |UTC+13=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|13}}
 |UTC+13:45=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|13|45}}
 |UTC+14=Current time for {{{1}}} is {{utc|14}}
 |#default=Current UTC is {{CURRENTTIME}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Date-computing templates based on current time]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:current time}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ivj7uebyaiqaoxvf6rh5yvcyu2y7c13</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preference</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5438</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32206</id>
      <parentid>31872</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:49:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-15</comment>
      <origin>32206</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1953" sha1="luptpgvoz9dexylfbo8gzow7tmwfxpj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--
+-------------------------------------------------+
|      Editing this page is NOT the way to        |
|        change your Twinkle preferences.         |
|                                                 |
|      Either use the interface embedded in       |
|           the page content, or go to            |
|     [[Special:MyPage/twinkleoptions.js]] and    |
|        edit the code there. But not here.       |
+-------------------------------------------------+
--&gt;
{{Shortcut|WP:TWPREFS|WP:TWPREF|WP:TW/PREF|WP:TW/P}}
Use the settings in the panel below to customize [[Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] to suit your personal preferences.

Note that your preferences are stored in [[Special:MyPage/twinkleoptions.js|a subpage of your user page]]. Only you, [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Wikipedia administrators]], and [[:Meta:Interface editors|interface editors]] can modify your preferences, but the settings you choose are visible as [[JavaScript]] code to everyone.{{-}}

&lt;div id=&quot;twinkle-config&quot; class=&quot;nopopups&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid #666; background-color: AliceBlue;&quot;&gt;  &lt;!-- to match style of SimpleWindow --&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;twinkle-config-titlebar&quot; style=&quot;background: repeat-x 50% 80% #cfd6e1; line-height: 1em; height: 1em; padding: 0.4em 0.3em 0.5em;&quot;&gt;'''Twinkle preferences'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;twinkle-config-content&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;twinkle-config-notwinkle&quot;&gt;'''You must have Twinkle installed (either as a [[Wikipedia:Gadget|gadget]] or [[Wikipedia:Twinkle#Installation|manually as a user script]]) to use this page.'''&lt;!-- &lt;br /&gt;(If you installed Twinkle manually, you need to include the &quot;twinkleconfig&quot; module for this to work.) --&gt;&lt;p&gt;If Twinkle is installed and working properly, you might need to wait a few moments for the script to load.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-semi-indef}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Twinkle Preferences}}
[[Category:Wikipedia counter-vandalism tools]]
[[Category:Wikipedia scripts]]</text>
      <sha1>luptpgvoz9dexylfbo8gzow7tmwfxpj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Collapse</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5448</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31890</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:15:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Copied from Enig Wiki</comment>
      <origin>31890</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1867" sha1="ljhtr7geyrsak49ruk14iqppmx92g9t" xml:space="preserve">{| &lt;!-- Template:Collapse --&gt; class=&quot;mw-collapsible {{#switch:{{lc:{{{expand|no}}}}}|uncollapse|uncollapsed|expand|expanded|yes|y=mw-uncollapsed|#default=mw-collapsed}} {{{class|}}}&quot; style=&quot;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{NAMESPACEE}}|{{ns:0}}|display: none;}}background-color: {{{bg1|transparent}}}; text-align: left; border: {{{border|1px}}} solid {{{b-color|silver}}}; {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:{{{float|}}}
| left = margin:0.2em 0.5em 0.2em 0; width:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|auto}}; float: left; clear: {{{clear|left}}}
| right = margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 0.5em; width:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|auto}}; float: right; clear: {{{clear|right}}}
| none = margin:0.2em 0; width:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|auto}}; clear: {{{clear|none}}}
| center | centre = margin:0.2em auto; width:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|auto}}; clear: {{{clear|both}}}
| #default = margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|100%}}; clear: {{{clear|both}}}
}}; padding: 1px;&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;background-color: {{{background|{{{bg|#F0F2F5}}}}}}; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{left|}}}|left|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{center|}}}|center|left}}}}; {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{fc|}}}|color: {{{fc}}};|}}&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 115%;&quot;&gt;{{{2|{{{title|{{{reason|{{{header|{{{heading|{{{result|Extended content}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;border: solid {{{border2|1px silver}}}; padding: {{{padding|8px}}}; background-color: {{{bg2|white}}};&quot; |
&lt;div&gt;{{{content|{{{text|{{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|{{lorem ipsum|3}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
|}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{NAMESPACEE}}|{{ns:0}}|&lt;span class=&quot;error noprint&quot;&gt;[[Template:collapse]] is not available for use in articles (see [[MOS:COLLAPSE]]).&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ljhtr7geyrsak49ruk14iqppmx92g9t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Lorem ipsum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5449</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31891</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:18:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Loren iodine!</comment>
      <origin>31891</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7654" sha1="7805f65zfp4l0zu3c7zi8drk7ljihih" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;0|{{{2|}}}{{#ifeq:{{{link|}}}{{{4|}}}|yes|[[Lorem ipsum]]|Lorem ipsum}} dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;1|{{{2|}}}Curabitur pretium tincidunt lacus. Nulla gravida orci a odio. Nullam varius, turpis et commodo pharetra, est eros bibendum elit, nec luctus magna felis sollicitudin mauris. Integer in mauris eu nibh euismod gravida. Duis ac tellus et risus vulputate vehicula. Donec lobortis risus a elit. Etiam tempor. Ut ullamcorper, ligula eu tempor congue, eros est euismod turpis, id tincidunt sapien risus a quam. Maecenas fermentum consequat mi. Donec fermentum. Pellentesque malesuada nulla a mi. Duis sapien sem, aliquet nec, commodo eget, consequat quis, neque. Aliquam faucibus, elit ut dictum aliquet, felis nisl adipiscing sapien, sed malesuada diam lacus eget erat. Cras mollis scelerisque nunc. Nullam arcu. Aliquam consequat. Curabitur augue lorem, dapibus quis, laoreet et, pretium ac, nisi. Aenean magna nisl, mollis quis, molestie eu, feugiat in, orci. In hac habitasse platea dictumst.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;2|{{{2|}}}Fusce convallis, mauris imperdiet gravida bibendum, nisl turpis suscipit mauris, sed placerat ipsum urna sed risus. In convallis tellus a mauris. Curabitur non elit ut libero tristique sodales. Mauris a lacus. Donec mattis semper leo. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Vivamus facilisis diam at odio. Mauris dictum, nisi eget consequat elementum, lacus ligula molestie metus, non feugiat orci magna ac sem. Donec turpis. Donec vitae metus. Morbi tristique neque eu mauris. Quisque gravida ipsum non sapien. Proin turpis lacus, scelerisque vitae, elementum at, lobortis ac, quam. Aliquam dictum eleifend risus. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Etiam sit amet diam. Suspendisse odio. Suspendisse nunc. In semper bibendum libero.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;3|{{{2|}}}Proin nonummy, lacus eget pulvinar lacinia, pede felis dignissim leo, vitae tristique magna lacus sit amet eros. Nullam ornare. Praesent odio ligula, dapibus sed, tincidunt eget, dictum ac, nibh. Nam quis lacus. Nunc eleifend molestie velit. Morbi lobortis quam eu velit. Donec euismod vestibulum massa. Donec non lectus. Aliquam commodo lacus sit amet nulla. Cras dignissim elit et augue. Nullam non diam. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Aenean vestibulum. Sed lobortis elit quis lectus. Nunc sed lacus at augue bibendum dapibus.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;4|{{{2|}}}Aliquam vehicula sem ut pede. Cras purus lectus, egestas eu, vehicula at, imperdiet sed, nibh. Morbi consectetuer luctus felis. Donec vitae nisi. Aliquam tincidunt feugiat elit. Duis sed elit ut turpis ullamcorper feugiat. Praesent pretium, mauris sed fermentum hendrerit, nulla lorem iaculis magna, pulvinar scelerisque urna tellus a justo. Suspendisse pulvinar massa in metus. Duis quis quam. Proin justo. Curabitur ac sapien. Nam erat. Praesent ut quam.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;5|{{{2|}}}Vivamus commodo, augue et laoreet euismod, sem sapien tempor dolor, ac egestas sem ligula quis lacus. Donec vestibulum tortor ac lacus. Sed posuere vestibulum nisl. Curabitur eleifend fermentum justo. Nullam imperdiet. Integer sit amet mauris imperdiet risus sollicitudin rutrum. Ut vitae turpis. Nulla facilisi. Quisque tortor velit, scelerisque et, facilisis vel, tempor sed, urna. Vivamus nulla elit, vestibulum eget, semper et, scelerisque eget, lacus. Pellentesque viverra purus. Quisque elit. Donec ut dolor.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;6|{{{2|}}}Duis volutpat elit et erat. In at nulla at nisl condimentum aliquet. Quisque elementum pharetra lacus. Nunc gravida arcu eget nunc. Nulla iaculis egestas magna. Aliquam erat volutpat. Sed pellentesque orci. Etiam lacus lorem, iaculis sit amet, pharetra quis, imperdiet sit amet, lectus. Integer quis elit ac mi aliquam pretium. Nullam mauris orci, porttitor eget, sollicitudin non, vulputate id, risus. Donec varius enim nec sem. Nam aliquam lacinia enim. Quisque eget lorem eu purus dignissim ultricies. Fusce porttitor hendrerit ante. Mauris urna diam, cursus id, mattis eget, tempus sit amet, risus. Curabitur eu felis. Sed eu mi. Nullam lectus mauris, luctus a, mattis ac, tempus non, leo. Cras mi nulla, rhoncus id, laoreet ut, ultricies id, odio.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;7|{{{2|}}}Donec imperdiet. Vestibulum auctor tortor at orci. Integer semper, nisi eget suscipit eleifend, erat nisl hendrerit justo, eget vestibulum lorem justo ac leo. Integer sem velit, pharetra in, fringilla eu, fermentum id, felis. Vestibulum sed felis. In elit. Praesent et pede vel ante dapibus condimentum. Donec magna. Quisque id risus. Mauris vulputate pellentesque leo. Duis vulputate, ligula at venenatis tincidunt, orci nunc interdum leo, ac egestas elit sem ut lacus. Etiam non diam quis arcu egestas commodo. Curabitur nec massa ac massa gravida condimentum. Aenean id libero. Pellentesque vitae tellus. Fusce lectus est, accumsan ac, bibendum sed, porta eget, augue. Etiam faucibus. Quisque tempus purus eu ante.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;8|{{{2|}}}Vestibulum sapien nisl, ornare auctor, consectetuer quis, posuere tristique, odio. Fusce ultrices ullamcorper odio. Ut augue nulla, interdum at, adipiscing non, tristique eget, neque. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Ut pede est, condimentum id, scelerisque ac, malesuada non, quam. Proin eu ligula ac sapien suscipit blandit. Suspendisse euismod. Ut accumsan, neque id gravida luctus, arcu pede sodales felis, vel blandit massa arcu eget ligula. Aenean sed turpis. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Donec sem eros, ornare ut, commodo eu, tempor nec, risus. Donec laoreet dapibus ligula. Praesent orci leo, bibendum nec, ornare et, nonummy in, elit. Donec interdum feugiat leo. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Pellentesque feugiat ullamcorper ipsum. Donec convallis tincidunt urna.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;9|{{{2|}}}Suspendisse et orci et arcu porttitor pellentesque. Sed lacus nunc, fermentum vel, vehicula in, imperdiet eget, urna. Nam consectetuer euismod nunc. Nulla dignissim posuere nulla. Integer iaculis lacinia massa. Nullam sapien augue, condimentum vel, venenatis id, rhoncus pellentesque, sapien. Donec sed ipsum ultrices turpis consectetuer imperdiet. Duis et ipsum ac nisl laoreet commodo. Mauris eu est. Suspendisse id turpis quis orci euismod consequat. Donec tellus mi, luctus sit amet, ultrices a, convallis eu, lorem. Proin faucibus convallis elit. Maecenas rhoncus arcu at arcu. Proin libero. Proin adipiscing. In quis lorem vitae elit consectetuer pretium. Nullam ligula urna, adipiscing nec, iaculis ut, elementum non, turpis. Fusce pulvinar.{{{3|}}}

{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}&gt;10|{{Lorem_ipsum/more|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}}}|}}|}}|}}|}}|}}|}}|}}|}}|}}|}}|}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{cat|}}}|no||{{Template:Main other|[[Category:Wikipedia articles containing placeholders]]}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}} 
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA, THANKS --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7805f65zfp4l0zu3c7zi8drk7ljihih</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Lorem ipsum/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5450</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31940</id>
      <parentid>31939</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T13:56:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Full text */  that was wierd! Templates now visible. Might be server problem!</comment>
      <origin>31940</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2862" sha1="6ynok9nrv2f8eki1jpdr144c1eqkpvh" xml:space="preserve">{{documentation subpage}}
&lt;!---PLEASE ADD METADATA TO THE &lt;includeonly&gt; SECTION AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE---&gt;
{{template shortcut|Ipsum|Lipsum|Lorem|Loremipsum}}
This template outputs the &quot;[[lorem ipsum]]&quot; filler text. It takes four parameters: the number of paragraphs to generate, paragraph prefix, paragraph suffix, and an option to link lorem ipsum. There are 10 distinct paragraphs, but it can produce up to 20.

==Syntax==
{{TemplateDataHeader}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;
{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;This template generates a filler text for test purposes. Text generated is the well-known \&quot;Lorem ipsum\&quot; passage, which is gibberish that somewhat resembles Latin. There are 10 distinct paragraphs, but it can produce up to 20.&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Number of paragraphs&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Number of paragraphs to be shown. A number from 1 to 20 is acceptable.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;number&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;1&quot;
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Paragraph prefix&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Wikicode or text to prefix to each paragraph. For example, specifying * « causes each paragraph to become a bullet list and start with a quotation mark.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;unbalanced-wikitext&quot;,
		},
		&quot;3&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Paragraph suffix&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Wikicode or text to suffix to each paragraph. For example, specifying » causes each paragraph to end with this character.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;unbalanced-wikitext&quot;
		},
		&quot;4&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;link&quot;
			],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Link to [[Lorem ipsum]]?&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Setting this parameter to \&quot;yes\&quot; causes a link to the \&quot;Lorem ipsum\&quot; article to appear.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		&quot;cat&quot;: {}
	}
}
&lt;/templatedata&gt;

==Examples==
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lorem ipsum|2|* &quot;|&quot;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; generates:
{{Lorem ipsum|2|* &quot;|&quot;}}


Note that whitespace is important in the second and third parameters, as &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lorem ipsum|1| * &quot; | &quot; }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; results in:
{{Lorem ipsum|1| * &quot; | &quot; }}

All sections of text can run together by entering a space into the third parameter. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background: white&quot;&gt;{{Lorem ipsum|2|| }}&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will produce:

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background: white&quot;&gt;{{Lorem ipsum|2|| }}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

To link lorem ipsum, either enter &lt;code&gt;link=yes&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;yes&lt;/code&gt; into the fourth parameter. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lorem ipsum|2=#|link=yes}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lorem ipsum|1|#||yes}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will generate:
{{Lorem ipsum|2=#|link=yes}}

If fewer than 446 characters are desired, then [[Template:Str left]] can be used. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Str left|{{Lorem ipsum}}|123}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will result in:

{{Str left|{{Lorem ipsum}}|123}}

==Full text==
{{cot}}
{{Lorem ipsum|10}}
{{cob}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;
&lt;!-- Interwiki and categories come here: --&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lorem ipsum}}
[[Category:Placeholder templates]]

&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6ynok9nrv2f8eki1jpdr144c1eqkpvh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template shortcut</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5451</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31893</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:21:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;div role=&quot;note&quot; class=&quot;shortcutbox shortcutbox-left plainlist plainlinks noprint&quot; style=&quot;&lt;!-- --&gt;{{#switch:{{{clear|}}} |true=clear:{{{float|right}}}; |left|right|both=clear:...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>31893</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2950" sha1="6jehv2ex3xjowwoqdbctmw8s94u28h7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div role=&quot;note&quot; class=&quot;shortcutbox shortcutbox-left plainlist plainlinks noprint&quot; style=&quot;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#switch:{{{clear|}}} |true=clear:{{{float|right}}}; |left|right|both=clear:{{{clear|}}}; |#default=}}&lt;!--
--&gt;float: {{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|left|left|right}};&lt;!--
--&gt;margin: {{{top|0em}}} {{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|left|1em 0em 0em|0em 0em 1em}};&lt;!--
--&gt;border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; text-align: center; font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--

Adding the shortcut links:
--&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: .2em;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{redirect|}}} |Redirect |Shortcut}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|s}}&lt;/div&gt; {{bulleted list
    | {{#if: {{{1|&lt;noinclude&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{1}}}  |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{1}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{1|&lt;noinclude&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|{{#if:true|{{{1|&lt;noinclude&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt; | {{#if:{{{2|}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre2|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{2}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{2}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{2}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{2}}}|{{#if:true|{{{2}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt; | {{#if:{{{3|}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre3|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{3}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{3}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{3}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{3}}}|{{#if:true|{{{3}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt; | {{#if:{{{4|}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre4|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{4}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{4}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{4}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{4}}}|{{#if:true|{{{4}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt; | {{#if:{{{5|}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre5|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{5}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{5}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{5}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{5}}}|{{#if:true|{{{5}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt; | {{#if:{{{6|}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre6|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{6}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{6}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{6}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{6}}}|{{#if:true|{{{6}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt; | {{#if:{{{7|}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre7|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{7}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{7}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{7}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{7}}}|{{#if:true|{{{7}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt; | {{#if:{{{8|}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre8|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{8}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{8}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{8}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{8}}}|{{#if:true|{{{8}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt; | {{#if:{{{9|}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre9|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{9}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{9}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{9}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{9}}}|{{#if:true|{{{9}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt; | {{#if:{{{10|}}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{{pre10|}}}{{#ifexist:Template:{{{10}}} |[{{fullurl:Template:{{{10}}}|redirect=no}} {{#if:true|{{{10}}}}}]  |[[Template:{{{10}}}|{{#if:true|{{{10}}}}}]]}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125; }}&lt;!--

--&gt;}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6jehv2ex3xjowwoqdbctmw8s94u28h7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template shortcut/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5452</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31894</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:22:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Copied from enig wiki</comment>
      <origin>31894</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4535" sha1="rffo2wg2hkzeor52fuxs9p0vwzl6j06" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
{{tsh|tsh}}
{{high-use}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --&gt;
This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts (that is, redirects, also known as aliases, as in the box appearing at the right. {{tl|Tsh}} is a shortcut to this template, {{&lt;nowiki /&gt;template shortcut}}, and can be used in its place, as it is in this documentation's [[Wikipedia:View source|source]] [[wikitext]].

== Usage ==
Place this template and its list of few to one, carefully selected shortcut(s) at the top of the template documentation page's [[Wikipedia:Wikitext|wikitext]], right underneath {{tl|Documentation subpage}}. In the saved, rendered text, those shortcuts will appear in this template's Shortcut(s) box, whose title will reflect the number of list items by automatically being singular or plural in form. 

===Which ones to display here===
Although the template can show up to ten shortcuts, you are ''encouraged to choose well'' which ones to display in this template's box. Even if many redirects exist, ''two or three at the most'' is almost always enough. By keeping the number of redirects presented in the Shortcut box small, it makes it easier to remember them, and the documentation is kept well organized. 

===Where to list any others===
List others in the Redirects section of the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template documentation]]. Again, not all of them need to be listed; some shortcuts are there just for historical reasons, and others differ only in minor points such as white spaces or capitalization. Such shortcut-name variations are unnecessary to list at all—just list the standard, most common version of such a variation.

===Optional parameters===
This template has several optional parameters:
* '''float''' – if set to &quot;left&quot;, then the box will float to the left of the page, instead of the default float &quot;right&quot;.
* '''clear''' – if set to &quot;right&quot; (when float also is set to &quot;right&quot;), the box will be pushed to the right margin of the page, and {{clarify|text=prevent it from nest to the left of other right-floating elements.}}  Similarly, if set to &quot;left&quot; (when float also is set to &quot;left&quot;), the box will be pushed to the left margin of the page.
* '''pre, pre2, pre3 ... up to pre10''' – can be used to show some text before the shortcut links, but within the braces. This is mostly used to add the text &quot;subst:&quot;. This shows the proper syntax for using the template with [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substitution]]. 

:As with the other shortcuts in the saved, rendered version of this template, this shortcut code can be copied from its line in the box on the documentation page, as it is, and pasted in the [[wikitext]] of another page where you wish its rendered version to appear. 
* '''top''' – to change the padding above the box (e.g. {{para|top|0}} for no padding, {{para|top|0.2em}}, {{para|top|4}}{{\}}{{para|top|4px}}).

==Examples of basic code==

To display one template shortcut named {{tl|uw-v1}}: 

{{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1}}
{{template shortcut|uw-v1}}
{{clear}}

To display three template shortcuts for {{tl|uw-vandalism1}} named {{tl|uw-v1}}, {{tl|uw-vand1}}, and {{tl|uw-vandal1}}:

{{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}}
{{template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}}
{{clear}}

==Example with the float parameter==
Using {{para|float|&lt;var&gt;left&lt;/var&gt;}} makes this template flow to the left of the page:

&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}}
{{clear}}

==Example with text (&quot;subst:&quot;) within the braces==
This is mostly used to add text to show how the template could be used with [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substitution]].

Use {{para|pre2|&lt;var&gt;subst:&lt;/var&gt;}} and {{para|pre3|&lt;var&gt;subst:&lt;/var&gt;}} to show &quot;subst:&quot; before the shortcut links, but within the braces: 

&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* {{tl|shortcut}}, the standard shortcut notice.
** {{tl|shortcut-l}} for a left-aligned standard shortcut notice.
* {{tl|policy shortcut}} for shortcuts to sections of policy pages.

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||
&lt;!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----&gt;
[[Category:Shortcut templates]]
[[Category:Template documentation]]&lt;!--Yes, this is intended for the template page – this template is used IN template docs.--&gt;
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rffo2wg2hkzeor52fuxs9p0vwzl6j06</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tsh</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5453</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Template shortcut" />
    <revision>
      <id>31895</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:24:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Template:Template shortcut]]</comment>
      <origin>31895</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="2gwqxmn770usm8bb2w7um59l3wh68db" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:template shortcut]]</text>
      <sha1>2gwqxmn770usm8bb2w7um59l3wh68db</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Bulleted list</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5454</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31896</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:27:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bullets</comment>
      <origin>31896</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="179" sha1="6i48hhgfh5fc81eswo5wmwb9rx7sypn" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:list|bulleted}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6i48hhgfh5fc81eswo5wmwb9rx7sypn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:List</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5455</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31897</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:29:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created list module</comment>
      <origin>31897</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5154" sha1="lkqmcmpfob2c6xhq46f675tm6p136ns" xml:space="preserve">-- This module outputs different kinds of lists. At the moment, bulleted,
-- unbulleted, horizontal, ordered, and horizontal ordered lists are supported.

local libUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local checkType = libUtil.checkType
local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools')

local p = {}

local listTypes = {
	['bulleted'] = true,
	['unbulleted'] = true,
	['horizontal'] = true,
	['ordered'] = true,
	['horizontal_ordered'] = true
}

function p.makeListData(listType, args)
	-- Constructs a data table to be passed to p.renderList.
	local data = {}

	-- Classes
	data.classes = {}
	if listType == 'horizontal' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		table.insert(data.classes, 'hlist hlist-separated')
	elseif listType == 'unbulleted' then
		table.insert(data.classes, 'plainlist')
	end
	table.insert(data.classes, args.class)

	-- Main div style
	data.style = args.style

	-- Indent for horizontal lists
	if listType == 'horizontal' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		local indent = tonumber(args.indent)
		indent = indent and indent * 1.6 or 0
		if indent &gt; 0 then
			data.marginLeft = indent .. 'em'
		end
	end
	
	-- List style types for ordered lists
	-- This could be &quot;1, 2, 3&quot;, &quot;a, b, c&quot;, or a number of others. The list style
	-- type is either set by the &quot;type&quot; attribute or the &quot;list-style-type&quot; CSS
	-- property.
	if listType == 'ordered' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then 
		data.listStyleType = args.list_style_type or args['list-style-type']
		data.type = args['type']

		-- Detect invalid type attributes and attempt to convert them to
		-- list-style-type CSS properties.
		if data.type 
			and not data.listStyleType
			and not tostring(data.type):find('^%s*[1AaIi]%s*$')
		then
			data.listStyleType = data.type
			data.type = nil
		end
	end
	
	-- List tag type
	if listType == 'ordered' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		data.listTag = 'ol'
	else
		data.listTag = 'ul'
	end

	-- Start number for ordered lists
	data.start = args.start
	if listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		-- Apply fix to get start numbers working with horizontal ordered lists.
		local startNum = tonumber(data.start)
		if startNum then
			data.counterReset = 'listitem ' .. tostring(startNum - 1)
		end
	end

	-- List style
	 -- ul_style and ol_style are included for backwards compatibility. No
	 -- distinction is made for ordered or unordered lists.
	data.listStyle = args.list_style

	-- List items
	-- li_style is included for backwards compatibility. item_style was included
	-- to be easier to understand for non-coders.
	data.itemStyle = args.item_style or args.li_style
	data.items = {}
	for i, num in ipairs(mTableTools.numKeys(args)) do
		local item = {}
		item.content = args[num]
		item.style = args['item' .. tostring(num) .. '_style']
			or args['item_style' .. tostring(num)]
		item.value = args['item' .. tostring(num) .. '_value']
			or args['item_value' .. tostring(num)]
		table.insert(data.items, item)
	end
	
	return data
end

function p.renderList(data)
	-- Renders the list HTML.
	
	-- Return the blank string if there are no list items.
	if type(data.items) ~= 'table' or #data.items &lt; 1 then
		return ''
	end
	
	-- Render the main div tag.
	local root = mw.html.create('div')
	for i, class in ipairs(data.classes or {}) do
		root:addClass(class)
	end
	root:css{['margin-left'] = data.marginLeft}
	if data.style then
		root:cssText(data.style)
	end

	-- Render the list tag.
	local list = root:tag(data.listTag or 'ul')
	list
		:attr{start = data.start, type = data.type}
		:css{
			['counter-reset'] = data.counterReset,
			['list-style-type'] = data.listStyleType
		}
	if data.listStyle then
		list:cssText(data.listStyle)
	end

	-- Render the list items
	for i, t in ipairs(data.items or {}) do
		local item = list:tag('li')
		if data.itemStyle then
			item:cssText(data.itemStyle)
		end
		if t.style then
			item:cssText(t.style)
		end
		item
			:attr{value = t.value}
			:wikitext(t.content)
	end

	return tostring(root)
end

function p.renderTrackingCategories(args)
	local isDeprecated = false -- Tracks deprecated parameters.
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		k = tostring(k)
		if k:find('^item_style%d+$') or k:find('^item_value%d+$') then
			isDeprecated = true
			break
		end
	end
	local ret = ''
	if isDeprecated then
		ret = ret .. '[[Category:List templates with deprecated parameters]]'
	end
	return ret
end

function p.makeList(listType, args)
	if not listType or not listTypes[listType] then
		error(string.format(
			&quot;bad argument #1 to 'makeList' ('%s' is not a valid list type)&quot;,
			tostring(listType)
		), 2)
	end
	checkType('makeList', 2, args, 'table')
	local data = p.makeListData(listType, args)
	local list = p.renderList(data)
	local trackingCategories = p.renderTrackingCategories(args)
	return list .. trackingCategories
end

for listType in pairs(listTypes) do
	p[listType] = function (frame)
		local mArguments = require('Module:Arguments')
		local origArgs = mArguments.getArgs(frame)
		-- Copy all the arguments to a new table, for faster indexing.
		local args = {}
		for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do
			args[k] = v
		end
		return p.makeList(listType, args)
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>lkqmcmpfob2c6xhq46f675tm6p136ns</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:List/doc</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5456</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31898</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:31:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created doc page</comment>
      <origin>31898</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9384" sha1="0mb00kh22nnnzod8dgagzdaip88rrhi" xml:space="preserve">{{module rating|beta}}
{{high-risk|460,000+}}
{{module rating|protected}}

This module outputs various kinds of lists. At present, it supports bulleted lists, unbulleted lists, horizontal lists, ordered lists (numbered or alphabetical), and horizontal ordered lists. It allows for easy css styling of the list or of the individual list items.

== Usage ==

; Quick usage

{{pre2|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;#invoke:list&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;''function''&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;''first item''&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;''second item''&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;''third item''&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;...&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}

; All parameters

{{pre2|
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;#invoke:list&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;''function''
&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;''first item''&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;''second item''&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;''third item''&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;...
&lt;nowiki&gt;|start           = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''start number for ordered lists''
&lt;nowiki&gt;|type            = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''type of numbering for ordered lists''
&lt;nowiki&gt;|list_style_type = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''type of marker for ordered lists (uses CSS)''
&lt;nowiki&gt;|class           = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''class''
&lt;nowiki&gt;|style           = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''style''
&lt;nowiki&gt;|list_style      = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''style for the list''
&lt;nowiki&gt;|item_style      = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''style for all list items''
&lt;nowiki&gt;|item1_style     = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''style for the first list item''&lt;nowiki&gt; |item2_style = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''style for the second list item''&lt;nowiki&gt; |&lt;/nowiki&gt;...
&lt;nowiki&gt;|item1_value     = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''value for the first list item''&lt;nowiki&gt; |item2_value = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''value for the second list item''&lt;nowiki&gt; |&lt;/nowiki&gt;...
&lt;nowiki&gt;|indent          = &lt;/nowiki&gt;''indent for horizontal lists''
&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;
}}

; Arguments passed from parent template

{{pre2|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;#invoke:list&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;''function''&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}

; Functions

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Function name
! Produces
! Example output
! Template using the function
|-
| &lt;code&gt;bulleted&lt;/code&gt;
| Bulleted lists
| {{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}
| {{tlx|bulleted list}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;unbulleted&lt;/code&gt;
| Unbulleted lists
| {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}
| {{tlx|unbulleted list}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;horizontal&lt;/code&gt;
| Horizontal bulleted lists
| {{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item}}
| {{tlx|hlist}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;ordered&lt;/code&gt;
| Ordered lists (numbered lists and alphabetical lists)
| {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}}
| {{tlx|ordered list}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;horizontal_ordered&lt;/code&gt;
| Horizontal ordered lists
| {{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}}
|
|}

== Parameters ==

* Positional parameters (&lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;2&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;3&lt;/code&gt;...) - these are the list items. If no list items are present, the module will output nothing.
* &lt;code&gt;start&lt;/code&gt; - sets the start item for ordered lists. This can be a start number for numbered lists, or a start letter for alphabetical lists. Horizontal ordered lists only support numbers.
* &lt;code&gt;type&lt;/code&gt; - the type of marker used in ordered lists. Possible values are &quot;1&quot; for numbers (the default), &quot;A&quot; for uppercase letters, &quot;a&quot; for lowercase letters, &quot;I&quot; for uppercase [[Roman numerals]], and &quot;i&quot; for lowercase Roman numerals. Not supported in horizontal ordered lists. See also the &lt;code&gt;list_style_type&lt;/code&gt; parameter.
* &lt;code&gt;list_style_type&lt;/code&gt; - the type of marker used in ordered lists. This uses CSS styling, and has more types available than the &lt;code&gt;type&lt;/code&gt; parameter, which uses an [[html attribute]]. Possible values are listed at [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/list-style-type MDN's list-style-type page]. Support may vary by browser. &lt;code&gt;list-style-type&lt;/code&gt; is an alias for this parameter.
* &lt;code&gt;class&lt;/code&gt; - a custom class for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list, e.g. &lt;code&gt;plainlinks&lt;/code&gt;.
* &lt;code&gt;style&lt;/code&gt; - a custom css style for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list, e.g. &lt;code&gt;font-size: 90%;&lt;/code&gt;.
* &lt;code&gt;list_style&lt;/code&gt; - a custom css style for the list itself. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter.
* &lt;code&gt;item_style&lt;/code&gt; - a custom css style for all of the list items (the {{tag|li}} tags). The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter.
* &lt;code&gt;item1_style&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;item2_style&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;item3_style&lt;/code&gt;... - custom css styles for each of the list items. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter.
* &lt;code&gt;item1_value&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;item2_value&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;item3_value&lt;/code&gt;... - custom value for the given list item. List items following the one given will increment from the specified value. The value should be a positive integer. (Note that this option only has an effect on ordered lists.)
* &lt;code&gt;indent&lt;/code&gt; - this parameter indents the list, for horizontal and horizontal ordered lists only. The value must be a number, e.g. &lt;code&gt;2&lt;/code&gt;. The indent is calculated in [[Em (typography)|em]], and is 1.6 times the value specified. If no indent is specified, the default is zero.

== Examples ==

; Bulleted lists

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Code !! Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}
|}

; Unbulleted lists

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Code !! Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}
|}

; Horizontal lists

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Code !! Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item|indent=2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item|indent=2}}
|}

; Unbulleted lists

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Code !! Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}
|}

; Ordered lists

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Code !! Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|start=3}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|start=3}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|type=i}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|type=i}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|list_style_type=lower-greek}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|list_style_type=lower-greek}}
|}

; Horizontal ordered lists

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Code !! Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|start=3}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|start=3}}
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|indent=2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| {{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|indent=2}}
|}

== Tracking/maintenance category ==
* {{clc|List templates with deprecated parameters}}

== See also ==
* [[Module:Separated entries]]

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | |
&lt;!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --&gt;
[[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0mb00kh22nnnzod8dgagzdaip88rrhi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ipsum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5457</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Lorem ipsum" />
    <revision>
      <id>31899</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:32:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect page</comment>
      <origin>31899</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="i3p2ixnjoni13xxp783suzmnz36ikip" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Lorem ipsum]]</text>
      <sha1>i3p2ixnjoni13xxp783suzmnz36ikip</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Lipsum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5458</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Lorem ipsum" />
    <revision>
      <id>31900</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:32:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect page made</comment>
      <origin>31900</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="i3p2ixnjoni13xxp783suzmnz36ikip" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Lorem ipsum]]</text>
      <sha1>i3p2ixnjoni13xxp783suzmnz36ikip</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Lorem</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5459</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Lorem ipsum" />
    <revision>
      <id>31901</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:34:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect</comment>
      <origin>31901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="i3p2ixnjoni13xxp783suzmnz36ikip" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Lorem ipsum]]</text>
      <sha1>i3p2ixnjoni13xxp783suzmnz36ikip</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Loremipsum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5460</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Lorem ipsum" />
    <revision>
      <id>31902</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:34:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect</comment>
      <origin>31902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="i3p2ixnjoni13xxp783suzmnz36ikip" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Lorem ipsum]]</text>
      <sha1>i3p2ixnjoni13xxp783suzmnz36ikip</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:TemplateDataHeader</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5461</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31903</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:41:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Template data header</comment>
      <origin>31903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="501" sha1="1lgj007izalttlek052vptodul1clkt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;templatedata-header&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{noheader|}}}|{{Template error report}}|This is the {{#if:{{{nolink|}}}|TemplateData|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]]}} documentation for this template used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools; {{Template error report|lc=yes}}}} 

'''TemplateData for {{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||
[[Category:TemplateData documentation]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1lgj007izalttlek052vptodul1clkt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:TemplateDataHeader/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5462</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31904</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:43:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Doc page created</comment>
      <origin>31904</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2177" sha1="n3pw7s7apj2r0koj2w6wu0vlhuktock" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --&gt;

Inserts a brief header for the template data section. Adds the page to [[:Category:TemplateData documentation]].

== Usage ==
&lt;pre&gt;
==TemplateData== or ==Parameters== or ==Usage==
{{TemplateData header}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;{
...
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

Use &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{TemplateData header|Template name}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to display a name for the template other than the default, which is [[Help:Magic_words#Variables|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{BASEPAGENAME}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]].
:{|
|{{TemplateData header|Template name}}
|}

Use &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{TemplateData header|nolink=1}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to omit the [[Help:Link#Wikilinks|wikilink]] from the word &quot;TemplateData&quot; in the header text, for instances where it is already linked outside this template.
:{|
|{{TemplateData header|nolink=1}}
|}

Use &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{TemplateData header|noheader=1}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to omit the first sentence of the header text.
:{|
|{{TemplateData header|noheader=1}}
|}

==Parameters==
{{TemplateData header}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;{
  &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Inserts a brief header for the template data section. Adds the page to [[Category:TemplateData documentation]]&quot;,
  &quot;params&quot;: {
    &quot;1&quot;: {
      &quot;label&quot;: &quot;Template name&quot;,
      &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Used to display a name for the template other than the default, which is {{BASEPAGENAME}}.&quot;,
      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
      &quot;required&quot;: false
    },
    &quot;nolink&quot;: {
      &quot;label&quot;: &quot;No link&quot;,
      &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Assigning any value to this parameter will omit cause the template to omit the wikilink from the word \&quot;TemplateData\&quot; in the header text, for instances where it is already linked outside this template.&quot;,
      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
      &quot;required&quot;: false
    },
    &quot;noheader&quot;: {
      &quot;label&quot;: &quot;No header&quot;,
      &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Assigning any value to this parameter will cause the template to omit the first sentence of the header text.&quot;,
      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
      &quot;required&quot;: false
    }
  }
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{sandbox other||
&lt;!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go in Wikidata --&gt;
[[Category:TemplateData documentation| ]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n3pw7s7apj2r0koj2w6wu0vlhuktock</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:TemplateData header</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5463</id>
    <redirect title="Template:TemplateDataHeader" />
    <revision>
      <id>31905</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:45:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect made</comment>
      <origin>31905</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="be0fri1b46pr5b386b2t17v0ywuhwqj" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:templateDataHeader]]</text>
      <sha1>be0fri1b46pr5b386b2t17v0ywuhwqj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template error report</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5464</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31906</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:48:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Copied from enig wiki</comment>
      <origin>31906</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="278" sha1="58xkdtdvcn1dijd3bs4zlibe610r8r1" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|S|s}}ee the [https://tools.wmflabs.org/bambots/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&amp;template={{Urlencode:{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}} monthly error report] for this template.&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}

[[Category:External link templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>58xkdtdvcn1dijd3bs4zlibe610r8r1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template error report/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5465</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31908</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T07:59:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From en wiki</comment>
      <origin>31908</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1500" sha1="9g79nx1qvu6sznqa159g5646oz6fhxp" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --&gt;

The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/bambots/TemplateParam.php Template Parameters tool] is now available on [[toollabs:|Tool Labs]], for viewing template parameter usage. It works with [[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] to show the validity of parameter names that are used in template transclusions. For a required parameter, it can display a list of pages where the template is missing the parameter. The tool also shows commonly used values for each parameter. The data is updated monthly.

== Usage ==

The template is included in transclusions of {{Tl|TemplateData header}}. If it's needed elsewhere, simply place the following in the template's documentation:

&lt;code&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;
== Error reports ==

{{Template error report}}

&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

By default, it links a report for the template-page being viewed. To link a report for a different template-page, pass it as the first parameter:

:{{tlx|Template error report|Example}}

makes a link to the error repor for [[Template:Example]]:

:{{Template error report|Example}}

The first character can be made lowercase to follow on at the end of a sentence:
:&lt;code&gt;Blah, {{tlp|Template error report|2=lc=yes}}&lt;/code&gt; → Blah, {{Template error report|lc=yes}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{sandbox other||
&lt;!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --&gt;

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9g79nx1qvu6sznqa159g5646oz6fhxp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Sandbox other</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5466</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31909</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T08:01:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sandbox other...</comment>
      <origin>31909</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="101" sha1="8j5u9twyuvxrh14t71bd3kdusw7c4ja" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox |{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8j5u9twyuvxrh14t71bd3kdusw7c4ja</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Sandbox other/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5467</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31910</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T08:02:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From en wiki</comment>
      <origin>31910</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1754" sha1="aonzcfjgfu8ejskgbebewhrfvp56nhe" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --&gt;
{{sandbox other||{{not a sandbox}}}}
{{High-use| 2420 }}
== Usage ==
This template can be used on template documentation pages to ensure that any given template sandbox does not populate its main template's category(ies).

This template has two unnamed parameters, {{para|1}} and {{para|2}}.  Near the bottom of a /doc page where the categories are usually placed, install this template as follows:
&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{sandbox other||
&lt;!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --&gt;
[[Category:(first category)]]
[[Category:(second category)]]
(more categories if needed)

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

* Usage of an empty first parameter (two pipes together, {{code|&lt;nowiki&gt;||&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}, at the end of the first line of code above) essentially means {{para|1|(do nothing)}} and will not allow the sandbox page to populate the listed categories.
* Note that the closing template braces ({{code|&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}) are placed just before the &amp;#60;/includeonly&gt; tag.  This is the same as {{para|2|(category comment and categories)}}.  In &quot;long hand&quot; it may appear as follows:
&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{sandbox other|1=&lt;!-- keep sandbox out of categories --&gt;|2=
&lt;!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --&gt;
[[Category:(first category)]]
[[Category:(second category)]]
(more categories if needed)

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{sandbox other||
&lt;!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --&gt;
[[Category:Namespace manipulation templates]]
[[Category:Template namespace templates]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>aonzcfjgfu8ejskgbebewhrfvp56nhe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cob</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5468</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31911</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T08:05:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Translation required</comment>
      <origin>31911</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="166" sha1="thrcxllb1z8kfhc183yxne30rpzluba" xml:space="preserve">|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:Collapse top/doc}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>thrcxllb1z8kfhc183yxne30rpzluba</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cot</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5469</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31912</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T08:07:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From en wiki</comment>
      <origin>31912</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1328" sha1="h7eve7i8pjxm1vbmdugy4tb2yk2wg8q" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left:{{{indent|0}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- NOTE: width renders incorrectly if added to main STYLE section --&gt;
{| &lt;!-- Template:Collapse top --&gt; class=&quot;mw-collapsible {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{expand|{{{collapse|}}}}}}||mw-collapsed}} {{{class|}}}&quot; style=&quot;background: {{{bg1|transparent}}}; text-align: left; border: {{{border|1px}}} solid {{{b-color|Silver}}}; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|100%}}; clear: {{{clear|both}}}; padding: 1px;&quot;
|-
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{{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}} style=&quot;text-align:center; font-style:italic;&quot; {{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}} {{{2|The following is a closed debate. {{strongbad|Please do not modify it.}} }}} }}
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| style=&quot;border: solid {{{border2|1px Silver}}}; padding: {{{padding|0.6em}}}; background: {{{bg2|White}}};&quot; {{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{lorem ipsum|3}}
{{Collapse bottom}}
{{Documentation}}
{{Collapse top/TemplateData}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Yesno</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5470</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31913</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T08:28:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Yes no</comment>
      <origin>31913</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="366" sha1="r1wh7ajnm478r67owpatavjany80n9e" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#switch: {{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;lc: {{{1|¬}}} }}
 |no
 |n
 |false
 |off
 |0        = {{{no|&lt;!-- null --&gt;}}}
 |         = {{{blank|{{{no|&lt;!-- null --&gt;}}}}}}
 |¬        = {{{¬|}}}
 |yes
 |y
 |true
 |on
 |1        = {{{yes|yes}}}
 |#default = {{{def|{{{yes|yes}}}}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Yesno/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5471</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31914</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T08:30:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Doc from en</comment>
      <origin>31914</origin>
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      <text bytes="10338" sha1="lsghgim3asye25eo63dpmftncqyevkh" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|Yesno|{{high-risk|9620239+ pages, which is ≈{{#expr:(962023900/{{NUMBEROFPAGES:R}}) round 0}}% of all}}}}

{{tlx|Yesno}} (or {{tlx|YesNo}}) evaluates any input and produces a normalized &lt;samp&gt;yes&lt;/samp&gt; or &lt;samp&gt;no&lt;/samp&gt;, based on the content of the input and several configurable options. It is not used in article prose, but in coding complex templates.

== Usage ==
The template distinguishes five different types of input, supplied on the first unnamed parameter:
# '''Yes''': Case-insensitive forms of &lt;code&gt;Yes&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;y&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;; e.g. {{tlx|Yesno|yEs}}
# '''No''': Case-insensitive forms of &lt;code&gt;No&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;n&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;false&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;0&lt;/code&gt;; e.g. {{tlx|Yesno|nO}}
# '''Nothing''': When the input is defined but either contains no value or consists of [[whitespace character]] only; i.e. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Yesno|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or {{tlx|Yesno|&amp;nbsp;}}
# '''Negation''': When the input is either &lt;code&gt;¬&lt;/code&gt; or entirely missing; i.e. {{tlx|Yesno|¬}} or {{tlx|Yesno}}
# '''Anything else''': e.g. {{tlx|Yesno|Purple monkey dish washer}}

By default, the template returns &quot;yes&quot; in the first and last case but returns blank in the other cases.

Two short-hand templates for the most common uses that override the default behavior:
* {{tlx|yesno-yes}} or {{tlx|YesNo-Yes}} – always returns &quot;yes&quot; (or the specified replacement result in {{para|yes}}) unless an explicit negative value is given; i.e., it evaluates to &quot;yes&quot; even when the value is empty or missing.
* {{tlx|yesno-no}} or {{tlx|YesNo-No}} – always returns &quot;no&quot; (or the specified replacement result in {{para|no}}) unless an explicit positive value is given; i.e., it evaluates to &quot;no&quot; even when the value is present, as long as it does not contain anything that resolves to &quot;yes&quot;.

===Customizing the output===
Template's default output can be customized with five named parameters, respectively: {{para|yes}}, {{para|no}}, {{para|blank}}, {{para|¬}} and {{para|def}}. If these parameters are specified, the template response is as follows:
# '''Yes''': Template returns the contents of {{para|yes}}, otherwise returns &quot;yes&quot;. For example:
#* {{tlx|yesno|y|3=yes=Yeah}} results in &quot;{{yesno|y|yes=Yeah}}&quot;
#* {{tlx|yesno|y|3=yes=bacon}}  results in &quot;{{yesno|y|yes=bacon}}&quot;
# '''No''': Template returns the contents of {{para|no}}, otherwise returns blank. For example:
#* {{tlx|yesno|n|3=no=Nay}} results in &quot;{{yesno|n|no=Nay}}&quot;
#* {{tlx|yesno|n|3=no=ham}} results in &quot;{{yesno|n|no=ham}}&quot;
# '''Nothing''': Template returns the contents of {{para|blank}}, or of {{para|no}} in absence of the former; otherwise, returns blank.
#* {{tlx|yesno||3=blank=eggs}} results in &quot;{{yesno||blank=eggs}}&quot;
#* {{tlx|yesno||3=no=ham}} results in &quot;{{yesno||no=ham}}&quot;
#* {{tlx|yesno||3=blank=eggs|4=no=ham}} results in &quot;{{yesno||blank=eggs|no=ham}}&quot;
# '''Negation''': Template returns the contents of {{para|¬}}, otherwise returns blank. For example:
#* {{tlx|yesno|¬|3=¬=sausage}} results in &quot;{{yesno|¬|¬=sausage}}&quot;
# '''Anything else''': Template returns the contents of {{para|def}}, or of {{para|yes}} in absence of the former; otherwise, returns &quot;yes&quot;.
#* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer|3=def=cup of tea}} results in &quot;{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|def=cup of tea}}&quot;
#* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer|3=yes=bacon}} results in &quot;{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|yes=bacon}}&quot;
#* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer|3=def=cup of tea|4=yes=bacon}} results in &quot;{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|def=cup of tea|yes=bacon}}&quot;

For the named parameters, use of a blank value is not the same as omitting the parameter. A blank named parameter tells the template that the customized return value is blank. For example:
* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer}} results in &quot;{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer}}&quot;
* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer|3=def=}} results in &quot;{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|def=}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}

===Logical distinctions===

{| class=wikitable border=1 cellpadding=2 style=&quot;text-align:left; width:100%;&quot;
|-
! colspan=7 style=&quot;background:#d0d0d0;&quot; | Overview of {{tlx|yesno}} ''logical values'' and their associated texts
|- style=&quot;text-align:left; vertical-align:top; font-weight:bold; background:#e8e8e8;&quot;
| Input&lt;br /&gt;parameter 1&lt;br /&gt;({{code|1=1=}})
| In code
| Logical return value
| Default&lt;br /&gt;return text
|
| Return text when set:&lt;br /&gt;{{code|1=yes=Pos}}&lt;br /&gt;{{code|1=no=Neg}}&lt;br /&gt;{{code|1=blank=Blank}}&lt;br /&gt;{{code|1=¬=Undefined}}&lt;br /&gt;{{code|1=def=Def}}
| Note
|-
| yes, y, true, 1*
| {{code|1=&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yesno|yes}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
| {{nowrap|{{code|yes by definition}}}}
| &quot;{{yesno|yes}}&quot;
|
| &quot;{{yesno|yes|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}&quot;
| &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Case-insensitive (Y=y)
|-
| {{nowrap|Some Text}}
| {{nowrap|{{code|1=&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yesno|Some Text}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}}}
| {{code|yes by default}}
| &quot;{{yesno|Some Text}}&quot;
|
| &quot;{{yesno|Some Text|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno|Some Text|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined}}&quot; when {{nowrap|1=&lt;code&gt;def={{var|[omitted]}}&lt;/code&gt;}}
|-
| no, n, false, 0*
| {{code|1=&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yesno|no}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
| {{code|no by definition}}
| &quot;{{yesno|no}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
|
| &quot;{{yesno|no|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}&quot;
| &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Case-insensitive (N=n)
|-
| {{var|[blank]}}
| {{code|1=&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yesno|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
| {{code|blank}}
| &quot;{{yesno|1=}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
|
| &quot;{{yesno||yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno||yes=Pos|no=Neg|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}&quot; when {{nowrap|1=&lt;code&gt;blank={{var|[omitted]}}&lt;/code&gt;}}
|-
| 1={{var|[blank]}}
| {{code|1=&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yesno|1=}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
| {{code|blank}}
| &quot;{{yesno|1=}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
|
| &quot;{{yesno|1=|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno|1=|yes=Pos|no=Neg|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}&quot; when {{nowrap|1=&lt;code&gt;blank={{var|[omitted]}}&lt;/code&gt;}}
|-
| ¬
| {{code|1=&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yesno|¬}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
| {{code|¬}}
| &quot;{{yesno|¬}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
|
| &quot;{{yesno|¬|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}&quot;
|
|-
| {{var|[omitted]}}
| {{code|1=&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yesno}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
| {{code|¬}}
| &quot;{{yesno}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
|
| &quot;{{yesno|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}&quot;
| 
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#d0d0d0;&quot; | Comparison with related templates
|- style=&quot;text-align:left; vertical-align:top; font-weight:bold; background:#e8e8e8;&quot;
| Input parameter 1 ({{code|1=1=}})
| {{t|yesno}}
| {{t|yesno-yes}}
| {{t|yesno-no}}
|-
| yes, y, true, 1*
| &quot;{{yesno|yes}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno-yes|yes}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno-no|yes}}&quot;
|-
| {{nowrap|Some Text}}
| &quot;{{yesno|Some Text}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno-yes|Some Text}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno-no|Some Text}}&quot;
|-
| no, n, false, 0*
| &quot;{{yesno|no}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
| &quot;{{yesno-yes|no}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno-no|no}}&quot;
|-
| {{var|[blank]}}
| &quot;{{yesno|1=}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
| &quot;{{yesno-yes|1=}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno-no|1=}}&quot;
|-
| 1={{var|[blank]}}
| &quot;{{yesno|1=}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
| &quot;{{yesno-yes|1=}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno-no|1=}}&quot;
|-
| ¬
| &quot;{{yesno|¬}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
| &quot;{{yesno-yes|¬}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno-no|¬}}&quot;
|-
| {{var|[omitted]}}
| &quot;{{yesno}}&quot; {{var|[blank]}}
| &quot;{{yesno-yes}}&quot;
| &quot;{{yesno-no}}&quot;
|}

== Full parameter list ==
Unnamed parameter 1= the input value to be evaluated. The other parameters (all named, all optional), are the ''return values'' for their respective logical outcome. When set, each one overrules their ''default return value''.

&lt;pre&gt;
{{yesno
|
| yes  =
| no   =
| blank=
| ¬    =
| def  =
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Module:yesno]]
* {{tlx|Yesno2}} – slower than Yesno, but can properly handle ref tags inside the parameters
* {{tlx|Yesno-yes}} – variant of Yesno that defaults to &quot;yes&quot; if value is not explicitly negative
* {{tlx|Yesno-no}}&amp;nbsp; – variant of Yesno that defaults to &quot;no&quot; if value is not explicitly positive

== TemplateData ==
{{TemplateDataHeader}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;
{
        &quot;description&quot;: &quot;This template normalises an input to be a yes/no output.&quot;,
        &quot;params&quot;: {
                &quot;1&quot;: {
                        &quot;label&quot;: &quot;Input value&quot;,
                        &quot;description&quot;: &quot;The value to be evaluated&quot;,
                        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
                        &quot;required&quot;: true
                },
                &quot;yes&quot;: {
                        &quot;label&quot;: &quot;Output on yes&quot;,
                        &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Specifies the output of the template when the input value is a case-insensitive forms of 'Yes', 'Y', 'True' or '1'&quot;,
                        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
                        &quot;required&quot;: false
                },
                &quot;no&quot;: {
                        &quot;label&quot;: &quot;Output on no&quot;,
                        &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Specifies the output of the template when the input value is a case-insensitive forms of 'No', 'N', 'False, or '0'&quot;,
                        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
                        &quot;required&quot;: false
                },
                &quot;blank&quot;: {
                        &quot;label&quot;: &quot;Output on blank input&quot;,
                        &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Specifies the output of the template when the input value is defined but is either empty or contains nothing but whitespace character(s)&quot;,
                        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
                        &quot;required&quot;: false
                },
                &quot;¬&quot;: {
                        &quot;label&quot;: &quot;Output on ¬&quot;,
                        &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Specifies the output of the template when the input value is either '¬' or entirely missing (undefined)&quot;,
                        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
                        &quot;required&quot;: false
                },
                &quot;def&quot;: {
                        &quot;label&quot;: &quot;Definite output&quot;,
                        &quot;description&quot;: &quot;Specifies the output of the template when the input value is defined but not a form of 'yes', 'no', '1', '0', '¬' or blank&quot;,
                        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
                        &quot;required&quot;: false
                }
        }
}
&lt;/templatedata&gt;

&lt;includeonly&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | |
&lt;!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----&gt;
[[Category:Boolean, register, and condition testing templates]]
}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Pipe</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5472</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31916</id>
      <parentid>31915</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-04T08:46:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Translation required</comment>
      <origin>31916</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83" sha1="3g2kh9yv2zfcac2a1lh0lvwifmconuj" xml:space="preserve">|
&lt;noinclude&gt;
Its used to create a pipe. Useful in creating templates.
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Rfa</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5473</id>
    <redirect title="Wikipedia:Administrators" />
    <revision>
      <id>31919</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T04:52:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Wikipedia:Administrators]]</comment>
      <origin>31919</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" sha1="a76rwde0csml2803iwguczf35h1pqa6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikipedia: Administrators]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:MatikoyaAxiya</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>31922</id>
      <parentid>31921</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T05:15:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Complete!</comment>
      <origin>31922</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="706" sha1="0wm4rb2uj2txsqqq5ub0jifi0yv3371" xml:space="preserve">[[Afghanistan]] | [[Armenia]]| [[Azerbaijan]] | [[Bahrain]] | [[Bangladesh]] | [[Bhutan]] | [[Brunei]] | [[Cambodia]] | [[China]] | [[Cyprus]] | [[Georgia]] | [[India]] | [[Indonesia]] | [[Iran]] | [[Iraq]] | [[Israel]] | [[Japan]] | [[Jordan]] | [[Kazakhstan]] | [[North Korea]] | [[South Korea]] | [[Kuwait]] | [[Kyrgyzstan]] | [[Laos]] | [[Lebanon]] | [[Malaysia]] | [[Maldives]] | [[Mongolia]] | [[Myanmar]] | [[Nepal]] | [[Oman]] | [[Pakistan]] | [[Philippines]] | [[Qatar]] | [[Russia]] | [[Saudi Arabia]] | [[Singapore]] | [[Sri Lanka]] | [[Syria]] | [[Tajikistan]] | [[Thailand]] | [[East Timor]] | [[Turkey]] | [[Turkmenistan]] | [[United Arab Emirates]] | [[Uzbekistan]] | [[Vietnam]] | [[Yemen]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Myax</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5475</id>
    <redirect title="Template:MatikoyaAxiya" />
    <revision>
      <id>31923</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T05:16:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>31923</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" sha1="1gd59mec7mfzj5o5zlibnfns7ww82v1" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:MatikoyaAxiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:MatikoyaAfrika</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5476</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31925</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T05:19:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Complete!</comment>
      <origin>31925</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="891" sha1="jx7w9ghb1xilg1hwmuousbv2w4ys6w0" xml:space="preserve">[[Afrika-Dzonga]] | [[Afrika Wale Xikarhi]] | [[Algeriya]] | [[Angola]] | [[Benin]] | [[Botswana]] | [[Burkina Faso]] | [[Burundi]] | [[Cameroon]] | [[Cape Verde]] | [[Chad]] | [[Comoros]] | [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] | [[Riphabliki ya Congo]] | [[Côte d'Ivoire]] | [[Djibouti]] | [[Egypt]] | [[Eritreya]] | [[Gaboni]] | [[Gambiya]] | [[Ghana]] | [[Gineya]] | [[Guinea-Bissau]] | [[Gineya ya le Nkaveni]] | [[Kenya]] | [[Lesotho]] | [[Layiberiya]] | [[Libya]] | [[Madagascar]] | [[Malawi]] | [[Mali (Tiko)|Mali]] | [[Maritana]] | [[Mauritius]] | [[Morocco]] | [[Mozambique]] | [[Namibia]] | [[Niger]] | [[Nigeria]] | [[Rwanda]] | [[Western Sahara]] | [[Sao Tome &amp; Principe]] | [[Senegal]] | [[Seychelles]] | [[Siyera Liyona]] | [[Somalia]] | [[Sudan]] | [[Sudan-Dzonga]] | [[Swaziland]] | [[Tanzania]] | [[Togo]] | [[Topiya]] | [[Tunisia]] | [[Uganda]] | [[Zambia]] | [[Zimbabwe]]</text>
      <sha1>jx7w9ghb1xilg1hwmuousbv2w4ys6w0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Myaf</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5477</id>
    <redirect title="Template:MatikoyaAfrika" />
    <revision>
      <id>31926</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T05:20:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>31926</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" sha1="02qj6wb61qiegl6egj1ztfqvr284bdl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:MatikoyaAfrika]]</text>
      <sha1>02qj6wb61qiegl6egj1ztfqvr284bdl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Matiko ya Amerikha ya le N'walungu</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5478</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39263</id>
      <parentid>31930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-03-21T21:11:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jonathan1</username>
        <id>4005</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39263</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="377" sha1="e51pdrp82kpesggiflzwlnqn4q9cbou" xml:space="preserve">[[Antigua na Barbuda]] |[[Bahamas]] |[[Barbados]] |[[Belize]] |[[Canada]] |[[Costa Rica]] |[[Cuba]] |[[Dominika]] |[[Rephabliki ya Dominika]] |[[El Salvador]] |[[Grenada]] |[[Guatemala]] |[[Haiti]] |[[Honduras]] |[[Jamaica]] |[[Meksiko]] |[[Nicaragua]] |[[Panama]] |[[Saint Kitts na Nevis]] |[[Saint Lucia]] |[[Saint Vincent na Grenadine]] |[[Trinidad na Tobago]] |[[Amerikha]]</text>
      <sha1>e51pdrp82kpesggiflzwlnqn4q9cbou</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:MyamN</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5479</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Matiko ya Amerikha ya le N&#039;walungu" />
    <revision>
      <id>31931</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T05:38:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>31931</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57" sha1="9aqohhkfebvrfliimlxbz2le1wpli4p" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Matiko ya Amerikha ya le N'walungu]]</text>
      <sha1>9aqohhkfebvrfliimlxbz2le1wpli4p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Matiko ya Amerikha ya le Dzongeni</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5480</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31933</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T06:11:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Complete!</comment>
      <origin>31933</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="155" sha1="jfitf0nauqb7awc0da03zdq988pprof" xml:space="preserve">[[Argentina]] |[[Bolivia]] |[[Brazil]] |[[Chile]] |[[Colombiya]] |[[Ecuador]] |[[Guyana]] |[[Paraguay]] |[[Peru]] |[[Suriname]] |[[Uruguay]] |[[Venezuela]]</text>
      <sha1>jfitf0nauqb7awc0da03zdq988pprof</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:MyamD</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5481</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Matiko ya Amerikha ya le Dzongeni" />
    <revision>
      <id>31934</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T06:13:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>31934</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56" sha1="c6ic7cdlr0h5jwsit8ll5w7u9rhcnz9" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Matiko ya Amerikha ya le Dzongeni]]</text>
      <sha1>c6ic7cdlr0h5jwsit8ll5w7u9rhcnz9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Coordinates</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5483</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39872</id>
      <parentid>31941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-01-07T03:06:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legoktm</username>
        <id>203</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Replacing Module:No globals with require('strict') ([[m:User:Legoktm/No globals|more info]]) #noglobals</comment>
      <origin>39872</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="23560" sha1="k0um05bsjfs9svgzcvmuchtu3pbuzrw" xml:space="preserve">--[[
This module is intended to replace the functionality of {{Coord}} and related
templates.  It provides several methods, including

{{#invoke:Coordinates | coord }} : General function formatting and displaying
coordinate values.

{{#invoke:Coordinates | dec2dms }} : Simple function for converting decimal
degree values to DMS format.

{{#invoke:Coordinates | dms2dec }} : Simple function for converting DMS format
to decimal degree format.

{{#invoke:Coordinates | link }} : Export the link used to reach the tools

]]

require('strict')

local math_mod = require(&quot;Module:Math&quot;)
local coordinates = {};

local current_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
local page_name = mw.uri.encode( current_page.prefixedText, 'WIKI' );
local coord_link = '//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=' .. page_name .. '&amp;params='

--[[ Helper function, replacement for {{coord/display/title}} ]]
local function displaytitle(s, notes)
	local l = &quot;[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: &quot; .. s
	local co = '&lt;span id=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;' .. l .. notes .. '&lt;/span&gt;';
	return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;' .. co .. '&lt;/span&gt;';
end

--[[ Helper function, Replacement for {{coord/display/inline}} ]]
local function displayinline(s, notes)
	return s .. notes	
end

--[[ Helper function, used in detecting DMS formatting ]]
local function dmsTest(first, second)
	if type(first) ~= 'string' or type(second) ~= 'string' then
		return nil
	end
	local s = (first .. second):upper()
	return s:find('^[NS][EW]$') or s:find('^[EW][NS]$')
end


--[[ Wrapper function to grab args, see Module:Arguments for this function's documentation. ]]
local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName)
	return function (frame)
		local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {
			wrappers = 'Template:Coord'
		})
		return coordinates[funcName](args, frame)
	end
end

--[[ Helper function, handle optional args. ]]
local function optionalArg(arg, supplement)
	return arg and arg .. supplement or ''
end

--[[
Formats any error messages generated for display
]]
local function errorPrinter(errors)
	local result = &quot;&quot;
	for i,v in ipairs(errors) do
		local errorHTML = '&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Coordinates: ' .. v[2] .. '&lt;/strong&gt;'
		result = result .. errorHTML .. &quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;
	end
	return result
end

--[[
Determine the required CSS class to display coordinates

Usually geo-nondefault is hidden by CSS, unless a user has overridden this for himself
default is the mode as specificied by the user when calling the {{coord}} template
mode is the display mode (dec or dms) that we will need to determine the css class for 
]]
local function displayDefault(default, mode)
	if default == &quot;&quot; then
		default = &quot;dec&quot;
	end
	
	if default == mode then
		return &quot;geo-default&quot;
	else
		return &quot;geo-nondefault&quot;
	end
end

--[[
specPrinter

Output formatter.  Takes the structure generated by either parseDec
or parseDMS and formats it for inclusion on Wikipedia.
]]
local function specPrinter(args, coordinateSpec)
	local uriComponents = coordinateSpec[&quot;param&quot;]
	if uriComponents == &quot;&quot; then
		-- RETURN error, should never be empty or nil
		return &quot;ERROR param was empty&quot;
	end
	if args[&quot;name&quot;] then
		uriComponents = uriComponents .. &quot;&amp;title=&quot; .. mw.uri.encode(coordinateSpec[&quot;name&quot;])
	end
	
	local geodmshtml = '&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;'
			 .. '&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;' .. coordinateSpec[&quot;dms-lat&quot;] .. '&lt;/span&gt; '
			 .. '&lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;' ..coordinateSpec[&quot;dms-long&quot;] .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
			 .. '&lt;/span&gt;'

	local lat = tonumber( coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-lat&quot;] ) or 0
	local geodeclat
	if lat &lt; 0 then
		-- FIXME this breaks the pre-existing precision
		geodeclat = tostring(coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-lat&quot;]):sub(2) .. &quot;°S&quot;
	else
		geodeclat = (coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-lat&quot;] or 0) .. &quot;°N&quot;
	end

	local long = tonumber( coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-long&quot;] ) or 0
	local geodeclong
	if long &lt; 0 then
		-- FIXME does not handle unicode minus
		geodeclong = tostring(coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-long&quot;]):sub(2) .. &quot;°W&quot; 
	else
		geodeclong = (coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-long&quot;] or 0) .. &quot;°E&quot;
	end
	
	local geodechtml = '&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;'
			 .. geodeclat .. ' '
			 .. geodeclong
			 .. '&lt;/span&gt;'

	local geonumhtml = '&lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;'
			 .. coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-lat&quot;] .. '; '
			 .. coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-long&quot;]
			 .. '&lt;/span&gt;'

	local inner = '&lt;span class=&quot;' .. displayDefault(coordinateSpec[&quot;default&quot;], &quot;dms&quot; ) .. '&quot;&gt;' .. geodmshtml .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
				.. '&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span&gt;'
				.. '&lt;span class=&quot;' .. displayDefault(coordinateSpec[&quot;default&quot;], &quot;dec&quot; ) .. '&quot;&gt;';

	if not args[&quot;name&quot;] then
		inner = inner .. geodechtml 
				.. '&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / ' .. geonumhtml .. '&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'
	else
		inner = inner .. '&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;' .. geodechtml 
				.. '&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / ' .. geonumhtml .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
				.. '&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; (&lt;span class=&quot;fn org&quot;&gt;'
				.. args[&quot;name&quot;] .. '&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'
	end

	return '&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;' .. 
		'[' .. coord_link .. uriComponents .. ' ' .. inner .. ']' .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
end

--[[ Helper function, convert decimal to degrees ]]
local function convert_dec2dms_d(coordinate)
	local d = math_mod._round( coordinate, 0 ) .. &quot;°&quot;
	return d .. &quot;&quot;
end

--[[ Helper function, convert decimal to degrees and minutes ]]
local function convert_dec2dms_dm(coordinate)	
	coordinate = math_mod._round( coordinate * 60, 0 );
	local m = coordinate % 60;
	coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - m) / 60 );
	local d = coordinate % 360 ..&quot;°&quot;
	
	return d .. string.format( &quot;%02d′&quot;, m )
end

--[[ Helper function, convert decimal to degrees, minutes, and seconds ]]
local function convert_dec2dms_dms(coordinate)
	coordinate = math_mod._round( coordinate * 60 * 60, 0 );
	local s = coordinate % 60
	coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - s) / 60 );
	local m = coordinate % 60
	coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - m) / 60 );
	local d = coordinate % 360 ..&quot;°&quot;

	return d .. string.format( &quot;%02d′&quot;, m ) .. string.format( &quot;%02d″&quot;, s )
end

--[[ 
Helper function, convert decimal latitude or longitude to 
degrees, minutes, and seconds format based on the specified precision.  
]]
local function convert_dec2dms(coordinate, firstPostfix, secondPostfix, precision)
	local coord = tonumber(coordinate)
	local postfix
	if coord &gt;= 0 then
		postfix = firstPostfix
	else
		postfix = secondPostfix
	end

	precision = precision:lower();
	if precision == &quot;dms&quot; then
		return convert_dec2dms_dms( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix;
	elseif precision == &quot;dm&quot; then
		return convert_dec2dms_dm( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix;
	elseif precision == &quot;d&quot; then
		return convert_dec2dms_d( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix;
	end
end

--[[
Convert DMS format into a N or E decimal coordinate
]]
local function convert_dms2dec(direction, degrees_str, minutes_str, seconds_str)
	local degrees = tonumber(degrees_str)
	local minutes = tonumber(minutes_str) or 0
	local seconds = tonumber(seconds_str) or 0
	
	local factor = 1
	if direction == &quot;S&quot; or direction == &quot;W&quot; then
		factor = -1
	end
	
	local precision = 0
	if seconds_str then
		precision = 5 + math.max( math_mod._precision(seconds_str), 0 );
	elseif minutes_str and minutes_str ~= '' then
		precision = 3 + math.max( math_mod._precision(minutes_str), 0 );
	else
		precision = math.max( math_mod._precision(degrees_str), 0 );
	end
	
	local decimal = factor * (degrees+(minutes+seconds/60)/60) 
	return string.format( &quot;%.&quot; .. precision .. &quot;f&quot;, decimal ) -- not tonumber since this whole thing is string based.
end

--[[ 
Checks input values to for out of range errors.
]]
local function validate( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, long_d, long_m, long_s, source, strong )
	local errors = {};
	lat_d = tonumber( lat_d ) or 0;
	lat_m = tonumber( lat_m ) or 0;
	lat_s = tonumber( lat_s ) or 0;
	long_d = tonumber( long_d ) or 0;
	long_m = tonumber( long_m ) or 0;
	long_s = tonumber( long_s ) or 0;

	if strong then
		if lat_d &lt; 0 then
			table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;latitude degrees &lt; 0 with hemisphere flag&quot;})
		end
		if long_d &lt; 0 then
			table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;longitude degrees &lt; 0 with hemisphere flag&quot;})
		end
		--[[ 
		#coordinates is inconsistent about whether this is an error.  If globe: is
		specified, it won't error on this condition, but otherwise it will.
		
		For not simply disable this check.
		
		if long_d &gt; 180 then
			table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;longitude degrees &gt; 180 with hemisphere flag&quot;})
		end
		]]
	end	
		
	if lat_d &gt; 90 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;latitude degrees &gt; 90&quot;})
	end
	if lat_d &lt; -90 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;latitude degrees &lt; -90&quot;})
	end
	if lat_m &gt;= 60 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;latitude minutes &gt;= 60&quot;})
	end
	if lat_m &lt; 0 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;latitude minutes &lt; 0&quot;})
	end
	if lat_s &gt;= 60 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;latitude seconds &gt;= 60&quot;})
	end
	if lat_s &lt; 0 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;latitude seconds &lt; 0&quot;})
	end
	if long_d &gt;= 360 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;longitude degrees &gt;= 360&quot;})
	end
	if long_d &lt;= -360 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;longitude degrees &lt;= -360&quot;})
	end
	if long_m &gt;= 60 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;longitude minutes &gt;= 60&quot;})
	end
	if long_m &lt; 0 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;longitude minutes &lt; 0&quot;})
	end
	if long_s &gt;= 60 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;longitude seconds &gt;= 60&quot;})
	end
	if long_s &lt; 0 then
		table.insert(errors, {source, &quot;longitude seconds &lt; 0&quot;})
	end
	
	return errors;
end

--[[
parseDec

Transforms decimal format latitude and longitude into the
structure to be used in displaying coordinates
]]
local function parseDec( lat, long, format )
	local coordinateSpec = {}
	local errors = {}
	
	if not long then
		return nil, {{&quot;parseDec&quot;, &quot;Missing longitude&quot;}}
	elseif not tonumber(long) then
		return nil, {{&quot;parseDec&quot;, &quot;Longitude could not be parsed as a number: &quot; .. long}}
	end
	
	errors = validate( lat, nil, nil, long, nil, nil, 'parseDec', false );	
	coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-lat&quot;]  = lat;
	coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-long&quot;] = long;

	local mode = coordinates.determineMode( lat, long );
	coordinateSpec[&quot;dms-lat&quot;]  = convert_dec2dms( lat, &quot;N&quot;, &quot;S&quot;, mode)  -- {{coord/dec2dms|{{{1}}}|N|S|{{coord/prec dec|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}}}}
	coordinateSpec[&quot;dms-long&quot;] = convert_dec2dms( long, &quot;E&quot;, &quot;W&quot;, mode)  -- {{coord/dec2dms|{{{2}}}|E|W|{{coord/prec dec|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}}}}	
	
	if format then
		coordinateSpec.default = format
	else
		coordinateSpec.default = &quot;dec&quot;
	end

	return coordinateSpec, errors
end

--[[
parseDMS

Transforms degrees, minutes, seconds format latitude and longitude 
into the a structure to be used in displaying coordinates
]]
local function parseDMS( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, lat_f, long_d, long_m, long_s, long_f, format )
	local coordinateSpec, errors, backward = {}, {}
	
	lat_f = lat_f:upper();
	long_f = long_f:upper();
	
	-- Check if specified backward
	if lat_f == 'E' or lat_f == 'W' then
		lat_d, long_d, lat_m, long_m, lat_s, long_s, lat_f, long_f, backward = long_d, lat_d, long_m, lat_m, long_s, lat_s, long_f, lat_f, true;
	end	
	
	errors = validate( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, long_d, long_m, long_s, 'parseDMS', true );
	if not long_d then
		return nil, {{&quot;parseDMS&quot;, &quot;Missing longitude&quot; }}
	elseif not tonumber(long_d) then
		return nil, {{&quot;parseDMS&quot;, &quot;Longitude could not be parsed as a number:&quot; .. long_d }}
	end
	
	if not lat_m and not lat_s and not long_m and not long_s and #errors == 0 then 
		if math_mod._precision( lat_d ) &gt; 0 or math_mod._precision( long_d ) &gt; 0 then
			if lat_f:upper() == 'S' then 
				lat_d = '-' .. lat_d;
			end
			if long_f:upper() == 'W' then 
				long_d = '-' .. long_d;
			end	 
			
			return parseDec( lat_d, long_d, format );
		end		
	end   
	
	coordinateSpec[&quot;dms-lat&quot;]  = lat_d..&quot;°&quot;..optionalArg(lat_m,&quot;′&quot;) .. optionalArg(lat_s,&quot;″&quot;) .. lat_f
	coordinateSpec[&quot;dms-long&quot;] = long_d..&quot;°&quot;..optionalArg(long_m,&quot;′&quot;) .. optionalArg(long_s,&quot;″&quot;) .. long_f
	coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-lat&quot;]  = convert_dms2dec(lat_f, lat_d, lat_m, lat_s) -- {{coord/dms2dec|{{{4}}}|{{{1}}}|0{{{2}}}|0{{{3}}}}}
	coordinateSpec[&quot;dec-long&quot;] = convert_dms2dec(long_f, long_d, long_m, long_s) -- {{coord/dms2dec|{{{8}}}|{{{5}}}|0{{{6}}}|0{{{7}}}}}

	if format then
		coordinateSpec.default = format
	else
		coordinateSpec.default = &quot;dms&quot;
	end   

	return coordinateSpec, errors, backward
end

--[[ 
Check the input arguments for coord to determine the kind of data being provided
and then make the necessary processing.
]]
local function formatTest(args)
	local result, errors
	local backward, primary = false, false

	local function getParam(args, lim)
		local ret = {}
		for i = 1, lim do
			ret[i] = args[i] or ''
		end
		return table.concat(ret, '_')
	end
	
	if not args[1] then
		-- no lat logic
		return errorPrinter( {{&quot;formatTest&quot;, &quot;Missing latitude&quot;}} )
	elseif not tonumber(args[1]) then
		-- bad lat logic
		return errorPrinter( {{&quot;formatTest&quot;, &quot;Unable to parse latitude as a number:&quot; .. args[1]}} )
	elseif not args[4] and not args[5] and not args[6] then
		-- dec logic
		result, errors = parseDec(args[1], args[2], args.format)
		if not result then
			return errorPrinter(errors);
		end
		-- formatting for geohack: geohack expects D_N_D_E notation or D;D notation
		-- wikiminiatlas doesn't support D;D notation
		-- #coordinates parserfunction doesn't support negative decimals with NSWE
		result.param = table.concat({
			math.abs(tonumber(args[1])), 
			((tonumber(args[1]) or 0) &lt; 0) and 'S' or 'N', 
			math.abs(tonumber(args[2])), 
			((tonumber(args[2]) or 0) &lt; 0) and 'W' or 'E', 
			args[3] or ''}, '_')
	elseif dmsTest(args[4], args[8]) then
		-- dms logic
		result, errors, backward = parseDMS(args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], 
			args[5], args[6], args[7], args[8], args.format)
		if args[10] then
			table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters'})
		end
		if not result then
			return errorPrinter(errors)
		end
		result.param = getParam(args, 9)
	elseif dmsTest(args[3], args[6]) then
		-- dm logic
		result, errors, backward = parseDMS(args[1], args[2], nil, args[3], 
			args[4], args[5], nil, args[6], args['format'])
		if args[8] then
			table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters'})
		end
		if not result then
			return errorPrinter(errors)
		end
		result.param = getParam(args, 7)
	elseif dmsTest(args[2], args[4]) then
		-- d logic
		result, errors, backward = parseDMS(args[1], nil, nil, args[2], 
			args[3], nil, nil, args[4], args.format)
		if args[6] then
			table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters'})
		end	
		if not result then
			return errorPrinter(errors)
		end
		result.param = getParam(args, 5)
	else
		-- Error
		return errorPrinter({{&quot;formatTest&quot;, &quot;Unknown argument format&quot;}})
	end
	result.name = args.name
	
	local extra_param = {'dim', 'globe', 'scale', 'region', 'source', 'type'}
	for _, v in ipairs(extra_param) do
		if args[v] then 
			table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Parameter: &quot;' .. v .. '=&quot; should be &quot;' .. v .. ':&quot;' })
		end
	end
	
	local ret = specPrinter(args, result)
	if #errors &gt; 0 then
		ret = ret .. ' ' .. errorPrinter(errors) .. '[[Category:Pages with malformed coordinate tags]]'
	end
	return ret, backward
end

--[[
Generate Wikidata tracking categories.
]]
local function makeWikidataCategories()
	local ret
	if mw.wikibase and current_page.namespace == 0 then
		local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject()
		if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims.P625 and entity.claims.P625[1] then
			local snaktype = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.snaktype
			if snaktype == 'value' then
				-- coordinates exist both here and on Wikidata, and can be compared.
				ret = 'Coordinates on Wikidata'
			elseif snaktype == 'somevalue' then
				ret = 'Coordinates on Wikidata set to unknown value'
			elseif snaktype == 'novalue' then
				ret = 'Coordinates on Wikidata set to no value'
			end
		else
			-- We have to either import the coordinates to Wikidata or remove them here.
			ret = 'Coordinates not on Wikidata'
		end
	end
	if ret then
		return string.format('[[Category:%s]]', ret)
	else
		return ''
	end
end

--[[
link

Simple function to export the coordinates link for other uses.

Usage:
	{{#invoke:Coordinates | link }}
	
]]
function coordinates.link(frame)
	return coord_link;
end

--[[
dec2dms

Wrapper to allow templates to call dec2dms directly.

Usage:
	{{#invoke:Coordinates | dec2dms | decimal_coordinate | positive_suffix | 
		negative_suffix | precision }}
	
decimal_coordinate is converted to DMS format.  If positive, the positive_suffix
is appended (typical N or E), if negative, the negative suffix is appended.  The
specified precision is one of 'D', 'DM', or 'DMS' to specify the level of detail
to use.
]]
coordinates.dec2dms = makeInvokeFunc('_dec2dms')
function coordinates._dec2dms(args)
	local coordinate = args[1]
	local firstPostfix = args[2] or ''
	local secondPostfix = args[3] or ''
	local precision = args[4] or ''

	return convert_dec2dms(coordinate, firstPostfix, secondPostfix, precision)
end

--[[
Helper function to determine whether to use D, DM, or DMS
format depending on the precision of the decimal input.
]]
function coordinates.determineMode( value1, value2 )
	local precision = math.max( math_mod._precision( value1 ), math_mod._precision( value2 ) );
	if precision &lt;= 0 then
		return 'd'
	elseif precision &lt;= 2 then
		return 'dm';
	else
		return 'dms';
	end
end		

--[[
dms2dec

Wrapper to allow templates to call dms2dec directly.

Usage:
	{{#invoke:Coordinates | dms2dec | direction_flag | degrees |
		minutes | seconds }}
	
Converts DMS values specified as degrees, minutes, seconds too decimal format.
direction_flag is one of N, S, E, W, and determines whether the output is 
positive (i.e. N and E) or negative (i.e. S and W).
]]
coordinates.dms2dec = makeInvokeFunc('_dms2dec')
function coordinates._dms2dec(args)
	local direction = args[1]
	local degrees = args[2]
	local minutes = args[3]
	local seconds = args[4]

	return convert_dms2dec(direction, degrees, minutes, seconds)
end

--[[
coord

Main entry point for Lua function to replace {{coord}}

Usage:
	{{#invoke:Coordinates | coord }}
	{{#invoke:Coordinates | coord | lat | long }}
	{{#invoke:Coordinates | coord | lat | lat_flag | long | long_flag }}
	...
	
	Refer to {{coord}} documentation page for many additional parameters and 
	configuration options.
	
Note: This function provides the visual display elements of {{coord}}.  In
order to load coordinates into the database, the {{#coordinates:}} parser 
function must also be called, this is done automatically in the Lua
version of {{coord}}.
]]
coordinates.coord = makeInvokeFunc('_coord')
function coordinates._coord(args)
	if (not args[1] or not tonumber(args[1])) and not args[2] and mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() then
		args[3] = args[1]; args[1] = nil
		local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject()
		if entity 
			and entity.claims
			and entity.claims.P625
			and entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value'
		then
			local precision = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.precision
			args[1]=entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.latitude
			args[2]=entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.longitude
			if precision then
				precision=-math_mod._round(math.log(precision)/math.log(10),0)
				args[1]=math_mod._round(args[1],precision)
				args[2]=math_mod._round(args[2],precision)
			end
		end
	end
	
	local contents, backward = formatTest(args)
	local Notes = args.notes or ''
	local Display = args.display and args.display:lower() or 'inline'

	local function isInline(s)
		-- Finds whether coordinates are displayed inline.
		return s:find('inline') ~= nil or s == 'i' or s == 'it' or s == 'ti'
	end
	local function isInTitle(s)
		-- Finds whether coordinates are displayed in the title.
		return s:find('title') ~= nil or s == 't' or s == 'it' or s == 'ti'
	end
	
	local function coord_wrapper(in_args)
		-- Calls the parser function {{#coordinates:}}.
		return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('#coordinates', in_args) or ''
	end
	
	local text = ''
	if isInline(Display) then
		text = text .. displayinline(contents, Notes)
	end
	if isInTitle(Display) then
		text = text
			.. displaytitle(contents, Notes)
			.. makeWikidataCategories()
	end
	if not args.nosave then
		local page_title, count = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(), 1
		if backward then
			local tmp = {}
			while not string.find((args[count-1] or ''), '[EW]') do tmp[count] = (args[count] or ''); count = count+1 end
			tmp.count = count; count = 2*(count-1)
			while count &gt;= tmp.count do table.insert(tmp, 1, (args[count] or '')); count = count-1 end
			for i, v in ipairs(tmp) do args[i] = v end
		else
			while count &lt;= 9 do args[count] = (args[count] or ''); count = count+1 end
		end
		if isInTitle(Display) and not page_title.isTalkPage and page_title.subpageText ~= 'doc' and page_title.subpageText ~= 'testcases' then args[10] = 'primary' end
		args.notes, args.format, args.display = nil
		text = text .. coord_wrapper(args)
	end
	return text
end

--[[
coord2text

Extracts a single value from a transclusion of {{Coord}}.
IF THE GEOHACK LINK SYNTAX CHANGES THIS FUNCTION MUST BE MODIFIED.

Usage:

    {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord2text | {{Coord}} | parameter }}

Valid values for the second parameter are: lat (signed integer), long (signed integer), type, scale, dim, region, globe, source

]]
function coordinates.coord2text(frame)
	if frame.args[1] == '' or frame.args[2] == '' or not frame.args[2] then return nil end
	frame.args[2] = mw.text.trim(frame.args[2])
	if frame.args[2] == 'lat' or frame.args[2] == 'long' then
		local result, negative = mw.text.split((mw.ustring.match(frame.args[1],'[%.%d]+°[NS] [%.%d]+°[EW]') or ''), ' ')
		if frame.args[2] == 'lat' then
			result, negative = result[1], 'S'
		else
			result, negative = result[2], 'W'
		end
		result = mw.text.split(result, '°')
		if result[2] == negative then result[1] = '-'..result[1] end
		return result[1]
	else
		return mw.ustring.match(frame.args[1], 'params=.-_'..frame.args[2]..':(.-)[ _]')
	end
end

--[[
coordinsert

Injects some text into the Geohack link of a transclusion of {{Coord}} (if that text isn't already in the transclusion). Outputs the modified transclusion of {{Coord}}.
IF THE GEOHACK LINK SYNTAX CHANGES THIS FUNCTION MUST BE MODIFIED.

Usage:

    {{#invoke:Coordinates | coordinsert | {{Coord}} | parameter:value | parameter:value | … }}

Do not make Geohack unhappy by inserting something which isn't mentioned in the {{Coord}} documentation.

]]
function coordinates.coordinsert(frame)
	for i, v in ipairs(frame.args) do
		if i ~= 1 then
			if not mw.ustring.find(frame.args[1], (mw.ustring.match(frame.args[i], '^(.-:)') or '')) then 
				frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], '(params=.-)_? ', '%1_'..frame.args[i]..' ')
			end
		end
	end
	if frame.args.name then
		if not mw.ustring.find(frame.args[1], '&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;') then
			local namestr = frame.args.name
			frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], 
				'(&lt;span class=&quot;geo%-default&quot;&gt;)(&lt;span[^&lt;&gt;]*&gt;[^&lt;&gt;]*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span[^&lt;&gt;]*&gt;[^&lt;&gt;]*&lt;span[^&lt;&gt;]*&gt;[^&lt;&gt;]*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)(&lt;/span&gt;)', 
				'%1&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;%2&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; (&lt;span class=&quot;fn org&quot;&gt;' .. namestr .. '&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%3')
			frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], '(&amp;params=[^&amp;&quot;&lt;&gt;%[%] ]*) ', '%1&amp;title=' .. mw.uri.encode(namestr) .. ' ')
		end
	end
	return frame.args[1]
end

return coordinates</text>
      <sha1>k0um05bsjfs9svgzcvmuchtu3pbuzrw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Coord</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5484</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35895</id>
      <parentid>35880</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T18:19:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35895</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="353" sha1="6iqk9bd14fa6a7iiugs4woqd8dwt5ob" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Coordinates|coord}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|&lt;noinclude&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Coord]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9| display | format | name | nosave | notes }}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6iqk9bd14fa6a7iiugs4woqd8dwt5ob</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Yesno-no</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5485</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31943</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:09:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created required template</comment>
      <origin>31943</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="269" sha1="34vmtxa9ubuh1vz2ulp78m5ela68riu" xml:space="preserve">{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;yesno|{{{1}}}|yes={{{yes|yes}}}|no={{{no|no}}}|blank={{{blank|no}}}|¬={{{¬|no}}}|def={{{def|no}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:Yesno/doc}}
&lt;!--Categories go in the doc page referenced above; interwikis go in Wikidata.--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>34vmtxa9ubuh1vz2ulp78m5ela68riu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Error</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5486</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31944</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:14:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For template {{error}}</comment>
      <origin>31944</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1129" sha1="swpvwjcdmj2mkkmx9f7rbsdrfsnmirh" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{error}}.

local p = {}

local function _error(args)
    local tag = mw.ustring.lower(tostring(args.tag))

    -- Work out what html tag we should use.
    if not (tag == 'p' or tag == 'span' or tag == 'div') then
        tag = 'strong'
    end

    -- Generate the html.
    return tostring(mw.html.create(tag)
        :addClass('error')
        :wikitext(tostring(args.message or args[1] or error('no message specified', 2)))
    )
end

function p.error(frame)
    local args
    if type(frame.args) == 'table' then
        -- We're being called via #invoke. The args are passed through to the module
        -- from the template page, so use the args that were passed into the template.
        args = frame.args
    else
        -- We're being called from another module or from the debug console, so assume
        -- the args are passed in directly.
        args = frame
    end
    -- if the message parameter is present but blank, change it to nil so that Lua will
    -- consider it false.
    if args.message == &quot;&quot; then
        args.message = nil
    end
    return _error(args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>swpvwjcdmj2mkkmx9f7rbsdrfsnmirh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Error-small</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5487</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31946</id>
      <parentid>31945</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:17:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Typo</comment>
      <origin>31946</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" sha1="mmp4mio3xf3ajmqs6mv2pzi1u0i96x1" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Error|error|{{{message|{{{1}}}}}}|tag=span}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mmp4mio3xf3ajmqs6mv2pzi1u0i96x1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Math</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5488</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31947</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:25:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For Module:coord</comment>
      <origin>31947</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="12960" sha1="oh6kradlxeg0bgcbdwckkr03st1y7wy" xml:space="preserve">--[[

This module provides a number of basic mathematical operations.

]]

local yesno, getArgs -- lazily initialized

local p = {} -- Holds functions to be returned from #invoke, and functions to make available to other Lua modules.
local wrap = {} -- Holds wrapper functions that process arguments from #invoke. These act as intemediary between functions meant for #invoke and functions meant for Lua.

--[[
Helper functions used to avoid redundant code.
]]

local function err(msg)
	-- Generates wikitext error messages.
	return mw.ustring.format('&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Formatting error: %s&lt;/strong&gt;', msg)
end

local function unpackNumberArgs(args)
	-- Returns an unpacked list of arguments specified with numerical keys.
	local ret = {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		if type(k) == 'number' then
			table.insert(ret, v)
		end
	end
	return unpack(ret)
end

local function makeArgArray(...)
	-- Makes an array of arguments from a list of arguments that might include nils.
	local args = {...} -- Table of arguments. It might contain nils or non-number values, so we can't use ipairs.
	local nums = {} -- Stores the numbers of valid numerical arguments.
	local ret = {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		v = p._cleanNumber(v)
		if v then
			nums[#nums + 1] = k
			args[k] = v
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	for i, num in ipairs(nums) do
		ret[#ret + 1] = args[num]
	end
	return ret
end

local function fold(func, ...)
	-- Use a function on all supplied arguments, and return the result. The function must accept two numbers as parameters,
	-- and must return a number as an output. This number is then supplied as input to the next function call.
	local vals = makeArgArray(...)	
	local count = #vals -- The number of valid arguments
	if count == 0 then return
		-- Exit if we have no valid args, otherwise removing the first arg would cause an error.
		nil, 0
	end 
	local ret = table.remove(vals, 1)
	for _, val in ipairs(vals) do
		ret = func(ret, val)
	end
	return ret, count
end

--[[
Fold arguments by selectively choosing values (func should return when to choose the current &quot;dominant&quot; value).
]]
local function binary_fold(func, ...)
	local value = fold((function(a, b) if func(a, b) then return a else return b end end), ...)
	return value
end

--[[
random

Generate a random number

Usage:
{{#invoke: Math | random }}
{{#invoke: Math | random | maximum value }}
{{#invoke: Math | random | minimum value | maximum value }}
]]

function wrap.random(args)
	local first = p._cleanNumber(args[1])
	local second = p._cleanNumber(args[2])
	return p._random(first, second)
end

function p._random(first, second)
	math.randomseed(mw.site.stats.edits + mw.site.stats.pages + os.time() + math.floor(os.clock() * 1000000000))
	-- math.random will throw an error if given an explicit nil parameter, so we need to use if statements to check the params.
	if first and second then
		if first &lt;= second then -- math.random doesn't allow the first number to be greater than the second.
			return math.random(first, second)
		end
	elseif first then
		return math.random(first)
	else
		return math.random()
	end
end

--[[
order

Determine order of magnitude of a number

Usage:
{{#invoke: Math | order | value }}
]]

function wrap.order(args)
	local input_string = (args[1] or args.x or '0');
	local input_number = p._cleanNumber(input_string);
	if input_number == nil then
		return err('order of magnitude input appears non-numeric')
	else
		return p._order(input_number)
	end    
end

function p._order(x)
	if x == 0 then return 0 end
	return math.floor(math.log10(math.abs(x)))
end

--[[
precision

Detemines the precision of a number using the string representation

Usage:
{{ #invoke: Math | precision | value }}
]]

function wrap.precision(args)
	local input_string = (args[1] or args.x or '0');
	local trap_fraction = args.check_fraction;
	local input_number;

	if not yesno then
		yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
	end
	if yesno(trap_fraction, true) then -- Returns true for all input except nil, false, &quot;no&quot;, &quot;n&quot;, &quot;0&quot; and a few others. See [[Module:Yesno]].
		local pos = string.find(input_string, '/', 1, true);
		if pos ~= nil then
			if string.find(input_string, '/', pos + 1, true) == nil then
				local denominator = string.sub(input_string, pos+1, -1);
				local denom_value = tonumber(denominator);
				if denom_value ~= nil then
					return math.log10(denom_value);
				end
			end                        
		end
	end    

	input_number, input_string = p._cleanNumber(input_string);
	if input_string == nil then
		return err('precision input appears non-numeric')
	else
		return p._precision(input_string)
	end    
end

function p._precision(x)
	if type(x) == 'number' then
		x = tostring(x)
	end
	x = string.upper(x)

	local decimal = x:find('%.')
	local exponent_pos = x:find('E')
	local result = 0;

	if exponent_pos ~= nil then
		local exponent = string.sub(x, exponent_pos + 1)
		x = string.sub(x, 1, exponent_pos - 1)
		result = result - tonumber(exponent)
	end    

	if decimal ~= nil then
		result = result + string.len(x) - decimal
		return result
	end

	local pos = string.len(x);
	while x:byte(pos) == string.byte('0') do
		pos = pos - 1
		result = result - 1
		if pos &lt;= 0 then
			return 0
		end
	end

	return result
end


--[[
max

Finds the maximum argument

Usage:
{{#invoke:Math| max | value1 | value2 | ... }}

Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored.
]]

function wrap.max(args)
	return p._max(unpackNumberArgs(args))
end

function p._max(...)
	local max_value = binary_fold((function(a, b) return a &gt; b end), ...)
	if max_value then
		return max_value
	end
end

--[[
min 

Finds the minimum argument

Usage:
{{#invoke:Math| min | value1 | value2 | ... }}
OR
{{#invoke:Math| min }}

When used with no arguments, it takes its input from the parent
frame.  Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored.
]]

function wrap.min(args)
	return p._min(unpackNumberArgs(args))
end

function p._min(...)
	local min_value = binary_fold((function(a, b) return a &lt; b end), ...)
	if min_value then
		return min_value
	end
end

--[[
average 

Finds the average

Usage:
{{#invoke:Math| average | value1 | value2 | ... }}
OR
{{#invoke:Math| average }}

Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored.
]]

function wrap.average(args)
	return p._average(unpackNumberArgs(args))
end

function p._average(...)
	local sum, count = fold((function(a, b) return a + b end), ...)
	if not sum then
		return 0
	else
		return sum / count
	end
end

--[[
round

Rounds a number to specified precision

Usage:
{{#invoke:Math | round | value | precision }}

--]]

function wrap.round(args)
	local value = p._cleanNumber(args[1] or args.value or 0)
	local precision = p._cleanNumber(args[2] or args.precision or 0)
	if value == nil or precision == nil then
		return err('round input appears non-numeric')
	else
		return p._round(value, precision)
	end    
end

function p._round(value, precision)
	local rescale = math.pow(10, precision or 0);
	return math.floor(value * rescale + 0.5) / rescale;
end

--[[
log10

returns the log (base 10) of a number

Usage:
{{#invoke:Math | log | x }}
]]

function wrap.log10(args)
	return math.log10(args[1])
end

--[[
mod

Implements the modulo operator

Usage:
{{#invoke:Math | mod | x | y }}

--]]

function wrap.mod(args)
	local x = p._cleanNumber(args[1])
	local y = p._cleanNumber(args[2])
	if not x then
		return err('first argument to mod appears non-numeric')
	elseif not y then
		return err('second argument to mod appears non-numeric')
	else
		return p._mod(x, y)
	end    
end

function p._mod(x, y)
	local ret = x % y
	if not (0 &lt;= ret and ret &lt; y) then
		ret = 0
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
gcd

Calculates the greatest common divisor of multiple numbers

Usage:
{{#invoke:Math | gcd | value 1 | value 2 | value 3 | ... }}
--]]

function wrap.gcd(args)
	return p._gcd(unpackNumberArgs(args))
end

function p._gcd(...)
	local function findGcd(a, b)
		local r = b
		local oldr = a
		while r ~= 0 do
			local quotient = math.floor(oldr / r)
			oldr, r = r, oldr - quotient * r
		end
		if oldr &lt; 0 then
			oldr = oldr * -1
		end
		return oldr
	end
	local result, count = fold(findGcd, ...)
	return result
end

--[[
precision_format

Rounds a number to the specified precision and formats according to rules 
originally used for {{template:Rnd}}.  Output is a string.

Usage:
{{#invoke: Math | precision_format | number | precision }}
]]

function wrap.precision_format(args)
	local value_string = args[1] or 0
	local precision = args[2] or 0
	return p._precision_format(value_string, precision)
end

function p._precision_format(value_string, precision)
	-- For access to Mediawiki built-in formatter.
	local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();

	local value
	value, value_string = p._cleanNumber(value_string)
	precision = p._cleanNumber(precision)

	-- Check for non-numeric input
	if value == nil or precision == nil then
		return err('invalid input when rounding')
	end

	local current_precision = p._precision(value)
	local order = p._order(value)

	-- Due to round-off effects it is neccesary to limit the returned precision under
	-- some circumstances because the terminal digits will be inaccurately reported.
	if order + precision &gt;= 14 then
		orig_precision = p._precision(value_string)
		if order + orig_precision &gt;= 14 then
			precision = 13 - order;        
		end        
	end

	-- If rounding off, truncate extra digits
	if precision &lt; current_precision then
		value = p._round(value, precision)
		current_precision = p._precision(value)
	end    

	local formatted_num = lang:formatNum(math.abs(value))
	local sign

	-- Use proper unary minus sign rather than ASCII default
	if value &lt; 0 then
		sign = '−'
	else
		sign = ''
	end    

	-- Handle cases requiring scientific notation
	if string.find(formatted_num, 'E', 1, true) ~= nil or math.abs(order) &gt;= 9 then
		value = value * math.pow(10, -order)
		current_precision = current_precision + order
		precision = precision + order
		formatted_num = lang:formatNum(math.abs(value))
	else
		order = 0;        
	end
	formatted_num = sign .. formatted_num

	-- Pad with zeros, if needed    
	if current_precision &lt; precision then
		local padding
		if current_precision &lt;= 0 then
			if precision &gt; 0 then
				local zero_sep = lang:formatNum(1.1)
				formatted_num = formatted_num .. zero_sep:sub(2,2)

				padding = precision
				if padding &gt; 20 then
					padding = 20
				end

				formatted_num = formatted_num .. string.rep('0', padding)
			end            
		else                   
			padding = precision - current_precision
			if padding &gt; 20 then
				padding = 20
			end
			formatted_num = formatted_num .. string.rep('0', padding)
		end
	end

	-- Add exponential notation, if necessary.
	if order ~= 0 then
		-- Use proper unary minus sign rather than ASCII default
		if order &lt; 0 then
			order = '−' .. lang:formatNum(math.abs(order))
		else
			order = lang:formatNum(order)
		end    

		formatted_num = formatted_num .. '&lt;span style=&quot;margin:0 .15em 0 .25em&quot;&gt;×&lt;/span&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;' .. order .. '&lt;/sup&gt;'
	end

	return formatted_num
end

--[[
Helper function that interprets the input numerically.  If the 
input does not appear to be a number, attempts evaluating it as
a parser functions expression.
]]

function p._cleanNumber(number_string)
	if type(number_string) == 'number' then
		-- We were passed a number, so we don't need to do any processing.
		return number_string, tostring(number_string)
	elseif type(number_string) ~= 'string' or not number_string:find('%S') then
		-- We were passed a non-string or a blank string, so exit.
		return nil, nil;
	end

	-- Attempt basic conversion
	local number = tonumber(number_string)

	-- If failed, attempt to evaluate input as an expression
	if number == nil then
		local success, result = pcall(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr, number_string)
		if success then
			number = tonumber(result)
			number_string = tostring(number)
		else
			number = nil
			number_string = nil
		end
	else
		number_string = number_string:match(&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;) -- String is valid but may contain padding, clean it.
		number_string = number_string:match(&quot;^%+(.*)$&quot;) or number_string -- Trim any leading + signs.
		if number_string:find('^%-?0[xX]') then
			-- Number is using 0xnnn notation to indicate base 16; use the number that Lua detected instead.
			number_string = tostring(number)
		end
	end

	return number, number_string
end

--[[
Wrapper function that does basic argument processing. This ensures that all functions from #invoke can use either the current
frame or the parent frame, and it also trims whitespace for all arguments and removes blank arguments.
]]

local mt = { __index = function(t, k)
	return function(frame)
		if not getArgs then
			getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
		end
		return wrap[k](getArgs(frame))  -- Argument processing is left to Module:Arguments. Whitespace is trimmed and blank arguments are removed.
	end
end }

return setmetatable(p, mt)</text>
      <sha1>oh6kradlxeg0bgcbdwckkr03st1y7wy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Para</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5489</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31948</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:35:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created required template</comment>
      <origin>31948</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="313" sha1="fzhirwlsi2n3ak3qun5tviym3yisuda" xml:space="preserve">&lt;code class=&quot;nowrap&quot; {{SAFESUBST:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{plain|}}}|style=&quot;border:none;background-color:inherit;color:inherit;&quot;}}&gt;&amp;#124;{{SAFESUBST:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}&amp;#61;}}{{{2|}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!--Categories and interwikis go near the bottom of the /doc subpage.--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fzhirwlsi2n3ak3qun5tviym3yisuda</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Shortcut templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5490</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31949</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:38:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created blank page</comment>
      <origin>31949</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Template documentation</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5491</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31950</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:38:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created blank page</comment>
      <origin>31950</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:TemplateData documentation</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5492</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31951</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:40:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created blank page</comment>
      <origin>31951</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Boolean, register, and condition testing templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5493</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31952</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:40:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created blank page</comment>
      <origin>31952</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Column-count</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5494</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31953</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:54:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created required template</comment>
      <origin>31953</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="156" sha1="ctnrlv6otxn502jcjxtlgfdg09bq651" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;-moz-column-count: {{{1|2}}}; -webkit-column-count: {{{1|2}}}; column-count: {{{1|2}}};&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ctnrlv6otxn502jcjxtlgfdg09bq651</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Template namespace templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5495</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31954</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T14:59:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New category created</comment>
      <origin>31954</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Intricate template</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5496</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Esoteric" />
    <revision>
      <id>31955</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:01:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>31955</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31" sha1="etjj0okm5ks2c91632p14uk9mhm39p6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Esoteric]]</text>
      <sha1>etjj0okm5ks2c91632p14uk9mhm39p6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Esoteric</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5497</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31956</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:03:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created required template</comment>
      <origin>31956</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1235" sha1="dh79njli0rchozlv8gxvabsm0gkseh1" xml:space="preserve">{{ombox
| type = style
| image = [[Image:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40x40px|alt=|link=]]
| text =
'''This {{{namespace|template}}} employs intricate features of template syntax.'''
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:95%; padding-bottom:2px;&quot;&gt;You are encouraged to familiarise yourself with its setup and [[m:Help:Parser function|parser functions]] before editing the template. If your edit causes unexpected problems, please [[Help:Reverting#Undo|undo]] it quickly, as this template may appear on a large number of pages.&lt;br/&gt;
You can conduct experiments, and should test all major changes, in either &lt;span class=&quot;nowraplinks&quot;&gt;[[{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Sandbox|/Sandbox|{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/test sandbox|/test sandbox|{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Test sandbox|/Test sandbox|{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/test|/test|{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Test|/Test|/sandbox}}}}}}}}}}|this template's sandbox]]&lt;/span&gt;, the [[Template:Template sandbox|general template sandbox]], or your user space before changing anything here.&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{BASEPAGENAME}} | [[Category:Intricate templates]] }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dh79njli0rchozlv8gxvabsm0gkseh1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tiw</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5498</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31957</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:08:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created required template</comment>
      <origin>31957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="448" sha1="jzu59hjcaym33gyjmbggtvol7gnh0ph" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{2|}}}
 | [[:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}:|}}Template:{{{2}}}]]&amp;nbsp;{{smaller|([[:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}:|}}Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{2}}}|backlinks]] [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}:Template:{{{2}}}|action=edit}} edit])}}
 | [[Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]&amp;nbsp;{{smaller|([[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|backlinks]] [{{fullurl:w:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}} edit])}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jzu59hjcaym33gyjmbggtvol7gnh0ph</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Internal link templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5499</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31958</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:09:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New category created</comment>
      <origin>31958</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Smaller</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5500</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31959</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:10:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For {{tiw}}</comment>
      <origin>31959</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="102" sha1="k1qtrx9lyxt4z46c4w03964r8vs2pzc" xml:space="preserve">{{Resize|90%|{{{1}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:Resize/doc}}
{{/TemplateData}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k1qtrx9lyxt4z46c4w03964r8vs2pzc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Resize</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5501</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31960</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:12:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For {{smaller}}</comment>
      <origin>31960</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="251" sha1="8vlkuf84dyzx2md9so6zxdwn47bheg6" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{2|}}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:{{{1|}}};&quot;&gt;{{{2|}}}&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
{{Resize/TemplateData}}
&lt;!--PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8vlkuf84dyzx2md9so6zxdwn47bheg6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:User ru</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5502</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31961</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:16:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created required template</comment>
      <origin>31961</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="339" sha1="qnatk1rekifrurc9vhp5v3fk6xhdktm" xml:space="preserve">{{userbox-level
| level    = 
| id-s     = 14
| id       = [[Russian language|ru]]
| info     = '''[[Russian language|Русский]]''' — '''[[:Category:User ru-N|родной язык]]''' этого участника.
| usercategory = User ru-N
| nocat = {{{nocat|}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:User x/doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qnatk1rekifrurc9vhp5v3fk6xhdktm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Userbox-level</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5503</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31962</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:17:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For {{user ru}}</comment>
      <origin>31962</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1341" sha1="3cgdsujnpt5zmzccjrirtmwh3x6n7hx" xml:space="preserve">{{userbox
| border-c = #{{#switch:{{{level}}}|0=B7B7B7|0a=B7B7B7|0b=FFB3B3|0.5=FFCC66|1=C0C8FF|2=77E0E8
                                   |3=99B3FF|3a=99B3FF|3b=00FF00|4=CCCC00
                                   |5=CC0000|5a=CC0000|5b=F99C99|#default=6EF7A7}}
| id       = {{{id}}}{{#if:{{{level|}}}|{{#if:{{{level-br|}}}|&lt;br&gt;|-}}{{#switch:{{{level}}}|0|0.5|1|2|3|4|5|N={{{level}}}|0a|0b=0|3a|3b=3|5a|5b=5}}}}
| id-c     = #{{#switch:{{{level}}}|0=B7B7B7|0a=B7B7B7|0b=FFB3B3|0.5=FFCC66|1=C0C8FF|2=77E0E8
                                   |3=99B3FF|3a=99B3FF|3b=00FF00|4=FFFF00
                                   |5=FF5e5e|5a=FF5e5e|5b=F99C99|#default=6EF7A7}}
| id-s     = {{{id-s|{{#ifeq:{{{level|}}}|0.5|12|14}}}}}
| id-op    = white-space:nowrap;{{{id-op|}}}
| info     = {{{info}}}
| info-c   = #{{#switch:{{{level}}}|0=E8E8E8|0a=E8E8E8|0b=FFE0E8|0.5=FFFF99|1=F0F8FF|2=D0F8FF
                                   |3=E0E8FF|3a=E0E8FF|3b=90FF90|4=FFFF99
                                   |5=FF8080|5a=FF8080|5b=F9CBC9|#default=C5FCDC}}
| info-s   = {{{info-s|8}}}
| info-lh  = {{{info-lh|1.25}}}
| info-op  = {{{info-op|}}}
| info-a   = {{{info-a|left}}}
| usercategory  = {{{usercategory|}}}
| usercategory2 = {{{usercategory2|}}}
| usercategory3 = {{{usercategory3|}}}
| nocat = {{{nocat|}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3cgdsujnpt5zmzccjrirtmwh3x6n7hx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Category handler</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5504</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31964</id>
      <parentid>31963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:20:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Typo</comment>
      <origin>31964</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="148" sha1="og6fhyj2ssd4fmzpqzuodk12q3cms0z" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Category handler|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis to Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>og6fhyj2ssd4fmzpqzuodk12q3cms0z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ru-N</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5505</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31965</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:20:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New category</comment>
      <origin>31965</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:User Wikipedian</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5507</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31969</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:43:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Transclusion</comment>
      <origin>31969</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13756" sha1="2yf2ofumsvzaok484lrl1xv63cvmw1a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| bodyclass   = vcard
| bodystyle   = {{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color: {{{fontcolor}}};}} {{#if:{{{width|}}}|width: {{{width}}};}} {{#if:{{{tablecolor|}}}|background-color: {{{tablecolor}}}}}
| headerstyle = {{#if:{{{color|}}}|background-color: {{{color}}}}}; {{#if:{{{headerfontcolor|}}}|color: {{{headerfontcolor}}}}}
| abovestyle  = {{#if:{{{abovecolor|}}}|background-color: {{{abovecolor}}}|}}; {{#if:{{{abovefontcolor|}}}|color: {{{abovefontcolor}}}|}}

| title       = &lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{abovefontcolor|}}}||{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}} {{#if:{{{status|}}}|&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{{status}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
| above       = {{#if:{{{abovefontcolor|}}}|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}} {{#if:{{{status|}}}|&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{{status}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}}}

| subheader   = —&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;role&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{role|}}}|{{{role}}}|[[Wikipedia]]n}}&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;

| image       = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_width|238px}}}|title={{{image_caption|}}}}}
| caption     = {{{image_caption|}}}

| label1      = Name
| data1       = {{#if:{{{honorific prefix|{{{honorific_prefix|}}}}}}|&lt;span class=&quot;honorific-prefix&quot;&gt;{{{honorific prefix|{{{honorific_prefix|}}}}}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;}}{{#if:{{{name|}}}|&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;{{{name|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}{{#if:{{{honorific suffix|{{{honorific_suffix|}}}}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;honorific-suffix&quot;&gt;{{{honorific suffix|{{{honorific_suffix|}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}

| label2      = Born
| data2       = {{#if:{{{birthname|{{{birth_name|}}}}}}|&lt;span class=&quot;nickname&quot;&gt;{{{birthname|{{{birth_name}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}|2={{{birthdate|{{{birth_date|}}}}}}|3={{#if:{{{birthplace|{{{birth_place|}}}}}}|&lt;span class=&quot;birthplace&quot;&gt;{{{birthplace|{{{birth_place}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}

| label3      = Name in real life
| data3       = {{{real_name|}}}
| class3      = nickname

| label4      = Gender
| data4       = {{{custom_gender|}}}

| label5      = Preferred pronoun
| data5       = {{{pronoun|}}}

| label6      = Nationality
| data6       = {{{nationality|}}}
| class6      = category

| label7      = Country
| data7       = {{#ifexist:template:country data {{ucfirst:{{{country}}}}}|{{flag|{{ucfirst:{{{country}}}}}}}|{{ucfirst:{{{country|}}}}}}}

| label8      = Current&amp;nbsp;location
| data8       = {{#if:{{{location|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{#if:{{{country|}}}|1|0}}{{#ifexist:{{{location}}}, {{{country}}}|1|0}}|11&lt;!-- i.e. both conditions are met--&gt;|[[{{{location}}}, {{{country}}}|{{{location}}}]] | {{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:{{strfind short|{{{location|}}}|,|1}}|0|0|1}}{{#ifexist:{{{location|}}}|1|0}}|11&lt;!-- i.e. both conditions are met--&gt;| [[{{{location}}}]] | {{{location}}} }} }} }}
| class8      = label

| label9      = Languages
| data9       = {{{languages|}}}
| class9      = category

| label10     = Time&amp;nbsp;zone
| data10      = {{#if:{{{timezone|}}}|{{#if:{{isValidPageName|{{{timezone}}}}}|[[{{{timezone}}}]]|{{{timezone}}}}}}}

| label11     = Current&amp;nbsp;time
| data11      = {{{current_time|}}}

| label13     = Ethnicity
| data13      = {{{ethnicity|}}}
| class13     = category

| label14     = Race
| data14      = {{{race|}}}
| class14     = category

| label15     = Height
| data15      = {{{height|}}}

| label16     = Weight
| data16      = {{{weight|}}}

| label17     = Hair
| data17      = {{{hair|}}}

| label18     = Eyes
| data18      = {{{eyes|}}}

| label19     = [[Handedness]]
| data19      = {{{handedness|}}}

| label20     = [[Blood&amp;nbsp;type]]
| data20      = {{{blood_type|}}}

| label21     = Sexuality
| data21      = {{{sexuality|}}}
| class21     = category

| label22     = [[Intelligence quotient|IQ]]
| data22      = {{{iq|}}}

| label23     = [[Myers–Briggs Type Indicator|Personality&amp;nbsp;type]]
| data23      = {{{personality_type|}}}
| class23     = category

| label24     = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{alignment|}}}}}|lawful good|neutral good|chaotic good|lawful neutral|neutral|true neutral|chaotic neutral|lawful evil|neutral evil|chaotic evil=[[Alignment (Dungeons &amp; Dragons)|Alignment]]|light side|lightside|light|jedi|dark side|darkside|dark|sith=[[Alignment (role-playing games)#Star Wars|Alignment]]|#default=[[Alignment (role-playing games)|Alignment]]}}
| data24      = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{alignment|}}}}}|lawful good|neutral good|chaotic good|lawful neutral|neutral|true neutral|chaotic neutral|lawful evil|neutral evil|chaotic evil=[[{{{alignment|}}}]]|light side|lightside|light|jedi=[[Force (Star Wars)|Light Side]]|dark side|darkside|dark|sith=[[Dark side (Star Wars)|Dark Side]]|#default={{{alignment|}}}}}
| class24     = category

| header25    = {{#if:{{{marital status|}}}{{{spouse|}}}{{{girlfriend|}}}{{{boyfriend|}}}{{{children|}}}{{{siblings|}}}{{{pets|}}}|Family and friends}}

| label26     = Marital&amp;nbsp;status
| data26      = {{{marital status|}}}
| class26     = category

| label27     = Spouse
| data27      = {{{spouse|{{{partner|}}}}}}

| label28     = Girlfriend
| data28      = {{{girlfriend|}}}

| label29     = Boyfriend
| data29      = {{{boyfriend|}}}

| label30     = Children
| data30      = {{{children|}}}

| label31     = Siblings
| data31      = {{{siblings|}}}

| label32     = Parents
| data32      = {{{parents|}}}

| label33     = Pets
| data33      = {{{pets|}}}

| header34    = {{#if:{{{occupation|}}}{{{employer|}}}{{{education|}}}{{{college|}}}{{{university|}}}{{{highschool|}}}|Education and employment}}

| label35     = Occupation
| data35      = {{{occupation|}}}
| class35     = role

| label36     = Employer
| data36      = {{{employer|}}}
| class36     = org

| label37     = Education
| data37      = {{{education|}}}

| label38     = Primary school
| data38      = {{{primaryschool|}}}

| label39     = Intermediate school
| data39      = {{{intschool|}}}

| label40     = High school
| data40      = {{{highschool|}}}

| label41     = College
| data41      = {{{college|}}}

| label42     = University
| data42      = {{{university|}}}

| label43     = Classes
| data43      = {{{classes|}}}

| header44    = {{#if:{{{hobbies|}}}{{{religion|}}}{{{politics|}}}{{{aliases|}}}{{{movies|}}}{{{books|}}}|Hobbies, favourites and beliefs}}

| label45     = Hobbies
| data45      = {{{hobbies|}}}

| label46     = Religion
| data46      = {{{religion|}}}
| class46     = category

| label47     = Politics
| data47      = {{{politics|}}}

| label48     = [[Pseudonym|Aliases]]
| data48      = {{{aliases|}}}
| class48     = nickname

| label49     = Movies
| data49      = {{{movies|}}}

| label50     = Shows
| data50      = {{{shows|}}}

| label51     = Books
| data51      = {{{books|}}}

| header52    = {{#if:{{{interests|}}}|Interests}}

| data53      = {{#if:{{{interests|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left&quot;&gt;
{{{interests|}}}
&lt;/div&gt;}}

| header54    = {{#if:{{{website|}}}{{{blog|}}}{{{email|}}}{{{icq|}}}{{{aim|}}}{{{gtalk|}}}{{{jabber|}}}{{{skype|}}}{{{mac|}}}{{{irc|}}}{{{facebook|}}}{{{google+|}}}{{{instagram|}}}{{{linkedin|}}}{{{myspace|}}}{{{pinterest|}}}{{{twitter|}}}{{{youtube|}}}{{{flickr|}}}|Contact info}}

| label55     = Website
| data55      = {{{website|}}}

| label56     = Blog
| data56      = {{{blog|}}}

| label57     = Email
| data57      = {{{email|}}}

| label58     = [[ICQ]]
| data58      = {{#if:{{{icq|}}}|[https://people.icq.com/people/about_me.php?uin={{urlencode:{{{icq}}}}} {{{icq}}}]}}

| label59     = [[AOL Instant Messenger|AIM]]
| data59      = {{{aim|}}}

| label60     = [[GTalk]]
| data60      = {{{gtalk|}}}

| label61     = [[Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol|XMPP]]
| data61      = {{{jabber|}}}

| label62     = [[Skype]]
| data62      = {{{skype|}}}

| label63     = .Mac
| data63      = {{{mac|}}}

| label64     = [[IRC]]
| data64      = {{{irc|}}}

| label65     = [[Facebook]]
| data65      = {{#if:{{{facebook|}}}|[https://www.facebook.com/{{urlencode:{{{facebook}}}}} {{{facebook}}}]}}

| label66     = [[Google+]]
| data66      = {{#if:{{{google+|}}}|[https://plus.google.com/+{{urlencode:{{{google+}}}}} +{{{google+}}}]}}

| label67     = [[Instagram]]
| data67      = {{#if:{{{instagram|}}}|[https://www.instagram.com/{{urlencode:{{{instagram}}}}} {{{instagram}}}]}}

| label68     = [[LinkedIn]]
| data68      = {{#if:{{{linkedin|}}}|[https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?&amp;name={{urlencode:{{{linkedin}}}}} {{{linkedin}}}]}}

| label69     = [[Myspace]]
| data69      = {{{myspace|}}}

| label70     = [[Pinterest]]
| data70      = {{{pinterest|}}}

| label71     = [[Twitter]]
| data71      = {{#if:{{{twitter|}}}|[https://twitter.com/{{urlencode:{{{twitter}}}}} {{{twitter}}}]}}

| label72     = [[YouTube]]
| data72      = {{#if:{{{youtube|}}}|[https://www.youtube.com/user/{{urlencode:{{{youtube}}}}} {{{youtube}}}]}}

| label73     = [[Flickr]]
| data73      = {{#if:{{{flickr|}}}|[https://www.flickr.com/photos/{{urlencode:{{{flickr}}}}} {{{flickr}}}]}}

| header74    = {{#if:{{{subpages|}}}|[[Special:Prefixindex/User:{{BASEPAGENAMEE}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}} subpages]]}}

| data75      = {{#if:{{{subpages|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left&quot;&gt;
{{{subpages|}}}
&lt;/div&gt;}}

| header76    = {{#if:{{{joined_date|}}}{{{first_edit|}}}{{{edit_count|}}}{{{permissions|}}}|Account statistics}}

| label77     = Joined
| data77      = {{{joined_date|}}}

| label78     = First edit
| data78      = {{{first_edit|}}}

| label79     = [[WP:CONFIRM|{{#if:{{{autoconfirmed|}}}|{{#if:{{{confirmed|}}}|Confirmed&lt;br /&gt;}}Autoconfirmed|{{#if:{{{confirmed|}}}|Confirmed}}}}]]
| data79      = {{#if:{{{autoconfirmed|}}}|{{#if:{{{confirmed|}}}|{{{confirmed}}}&lt;br /&gt;}}{{{autoconfirmed}}}|{{#if:{{{confirmed|}}}|{{{confirmed}}}}}}}

| label80     = [[WP:Account creator|Account creator]]
| data80      = {{{account_creator|}}}

| label81     = [[WP:Autopatrolled|Autopatrolled]]
| data81      = {{{autopatrolled|}}}

| label82     = [[WP:File mover|File mover]]
| data82      = {{{file_mover|}}}

| label83     = [[WP:Mass message senders|{{Abbr|MMS|Mass message sender}}]]
| data83      = {{{mass_message_sender|}}}

| label84     = [[WP:NPR|New page reviewer]]
| data84      = {{{new_page_reviewer|}}}

| label85     = [[WP:Page mover|Page mover]]
| data85      = {{{page_mover|}}}

| label86     = [[WP:Reviewing pending changes|Pending changes reviewer]]
| data86      = {{{reviewer|}}}

| label87     = [[WP:Rollback|Rollbacker]]
| data87      = {{{rollbacker|}}}

| label88     = [[WP:Template editor|Template editor]]
| data88      = {{{template_editor|}}}

| label89     = [[WP:EFM|Edit filter manager]]
| data89      = {{{edit_filter_manager|}}}

| label90     = [[WP:Administrators|Administrator]]
| data90      = {{{admin|}}}

| label91     = [[WP:Bureaucrats|Bureaucrat]]
| data91      = {{{bureaucrat|}}}

| label92     = [[WP:CheckUser|CheckUser]]
| data92      = {{{check_user|}}}

| label93     = [[WP:Oversight|Oversighter]]
| data93      = {{{overseer|}}}

| data94      = {{#ifeq:{{Yesno|1={{{adminstats|no}}}}}|yes|{{Adminstats|1={{BASEPAGENAME}}|style={{#ifeq:{{Yesno|1={{{adminstats_style|no}}}}}|yes|{{{adminstats_style|{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Mystyle}}}}}}}}}

| label95     = [//tools.wmflabs.org/supercount/index.php?user={{urlencode:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}&amp;project=en.wikipedia Edit count]
| data95      = {{{edit_count|}}}

| label96     = {{#if:{{{permissions|}}}|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:ListUsers|limit=1&amp;username={{ROOTPAGENAMEE}}}} Permissions]&lt;/span&gt;}}
| data96      = {{{permissions|}}}

| label98     = Signature
| data98      = {{{signature|}}}

| data101     = {{{module|}}}
| data102     = {{{module2|}}}
| data103     = {{{module3|}}}

| header104    = {{#if:{{{userboxes|}}}|Userboxes}}

| data105      = {{#if:{{{userboxes|}}}|
&lt;table style=&quot;background: transparent; vertical-align: middle !important; text-align: center; font-size: 95%; color: {{{fontcolor|#000000}}}; margin: auto; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;
{{{userboxes|}}}
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
}}

| header106    = {{{custom_header|}}}

| data107      = {{#if:{{{custom_data|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left&quot;&gt;
{{{custom_data|}}}
&lt;/div&gt;}}
| label111     = {{{custom_label1|}}}
| data111      = {{{custom_data1|}}}
| label112     = {{{custom_label2|}}}
| data112      = {{{custom_data2|}}}
| label113     = {{{custom_label3|}}}
| data113      = {{{custom_data3|}}}
| label114     = {{{custom_label4|}}}
| data114      = {{{custom_data4|}}}
| label115     = {{{custom_label5|}}}
| data115      = {{{custom_data5|}}}
| label116     = {{{custom_label6|}}}
| data116      = {{{custom_data6|}}}
| label117     = {{{custom_label7|}}}
| data117      = {{{custom_data7|}}}
| label118     = {{{custom_label8|}}}
| data118      = {{{custom_data8|}}}
| label119     = {{{custom_label9|}}}
| data119      = {{{custom_data9|}}}
}}{{#ifeq:{{{nocat|false}}}|false|{{#ifexist:Category:Wikipedians in {{{location|}}}, {{{country|}}} | [[Category:Wikipedians in {{{location|}}}, {{{country|}}}]] | {{#ifexist:Category:Wikipedians in {{{location|}}}|[[Category:Wikipedians in {{{location}}}]]| {{#ifexist:Category:Wikipedians in {{substr_any|{{{location|}}}| {{str find0|{{{location|}}}|,}}+2| 50-{{strlen quick|{{{location|}}}}} }} | [[Category:Wikipedians in {{substr_any|{{{location|}}}| {{str find0|{{{location|}}}|,}}+2| 50-{{strlen quick|{{{location|}}}}} }}]] | {{#if:{{{country|}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{country|}}}| UK | [[Category:Wikipedians in the United Kingdom]] | {{#ifexist:Category:Wikipedians in {{{country|}}} | [[Category:Wikipedians in {{{country}}}]] | {{#ifexist:Category:Wikipedians in the {{{country|}}} | [[Category:Wikipedians in the {{{country}}}]] | {{#ifexist:Category:Wikipedians in {{getalias|{{{country|}}}}} | [[Category:Wikipedians in {{getalias|{{{country|}}}}}]] | {{#ifexist:Category:Wikipedians in the {{getalias|{{{country|}}}}} | [[Category:Wikipedians in the {{getalias|{{{country|}}}}}]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}</text>
      <sha1>2yf2ofumsvzaok484lrl1xv63cvmw1a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Matiko ya Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5508</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31971</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:55:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Complete</comment>
      <origin>31971</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="217" sha1="28h496sc7oea5kiemdgn750931zc7u1" xml:space="preserve">[[Bahrain]] |[[Cyprus]] |[[Egypt]] |[[Iran]] |[[Iraq]] |[[Israel]] |[[Jordan]] |[[Kuwait]] |[[Lebanon]] |[[Oman]] |[[Palestine]] |[[Qatar]] |[[Saudi Arabia]] |[[Syria]] |[[Turkey]] |[[United Arab Emirates]] |[[Yemen]]</text>
      <sha1>28h496sc7oea5kiemdgn750931zc7u1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:MyV</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5509</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Matiko ya Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi" />
    <revision>
      <id>31972</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T15:57:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>31972</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59" sha1="bjf5ksv133qyqt1hgh3kmehislqxmhd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Matiko ya Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi]]</text>
      <sha1>bjf5ksv133qyqt1hgh3kmehislqxmhd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Matiko ya Yuropa</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5510</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39209</id>
      <parentid>37696</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-01-27T15:38:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SpinnerLaserzthe2nd</username>
        <id>9930</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39209</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3491" sha1="7ltfes4uykf1wxb1ebwayfyfismd1hh" xml:space="preserve">{{nowrap| }}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Albania.svg|22x22px]] [[Albania]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Andorra.svg|22x22px]] [[Andorra]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Austria.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Austria]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|22x22px]] [[Azerbaijan]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Belarus.svg|22x22px]] [[Belarus]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|22x22px]] [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Belgium.svg|22x22px]] [[Belgium]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Bulgaria]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Croatia.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Croatia]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Cyprus.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Cyprus]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Czech Republic]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Denmark.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Denmark]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Estonia.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Estonia]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Finland.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Finland]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of France.svg|22x22px|border]] [[France]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Georgia.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Georgia]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Greece.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Greece]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Hungary.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Hungary]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Iceland.svg|22x22px]] [[Iceland]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Ireland.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Ireland]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Italy.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Italy]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|22x22px]] [[Jarimani]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|22x22px]] [[Kazakhstan]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Latvia.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Latvia]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|22x22px]] [[Liechtenstein]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Lithuania.svg|22x22px]] [[Lithuania]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Luxembourg]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Malta.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Malta]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Moldova.svg|22x22px]] [[Moldova]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Monaco.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Monaco]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Montenegro.svg|22x22px]] [[Montenegro]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Netherlands]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of North Macedonia.svg|22x22px]] [[North Macedonia]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Poland.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Poland]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Portugal.svg|22x22px]] [[Portugal]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Romania.svg|22x22px]] [[Romania]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Russia]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of San Marino.svg|22x22px|border]] [[San Marino]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Serbia.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Serbia]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Slovakia.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Slovakia]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Slovenia.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Slovenia]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|22x22px]] [[Spaniya]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Sweden.svg|22x22px]] [[Sweden]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Switzerland.svg|22x22px|border]] [[Switzerland]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Turkey.svg|22x22px]] [[Turkey]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Ukraine.svg|22x22px]] [[Ukraine]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|22x22px|border]] [[United Kingdom]] •}}
{{nowrap|[[Image:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|22x22px|border]] [[Vatican City]]}}
{{nowrap| }}</text>
      <sha1>7ltfes4uykf1wxb1ebwayfyfismd1hh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Myyu</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5511</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Matiko ya Yuropa" />
    <revision>
      <id>31976</id>
      <parentid>31975</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-05T17:24:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Typo</comment>
      <origin>31976</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" sha1="i50wzvphe5epk6ab66vrjrdwp5epjhl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Matiko ya Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>i50wzvphe5epk6ab66vrjrdwp5epjhl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi(matiko)</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5512</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31987</id>
      <parentid>31978</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T04:12:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Implement</comment>
      <origin>31987</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="279" sha1="bu4oxdpi1qb62grwntjwpkuxenl9xuv" xml:space="preserve">{{navbox|
|list1={{MyV}}
|name={{BASEPAGENAME}}
|state=
|title=&lt;div&gt;[[File:Middle East (orthographic projection).svg|55px|right|]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Matiko ya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[[Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi]]&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|width=20em
|border=1px
|clear=right
|bg=#ccccff
}}</text>
      <sha1>bu4oxdpi1qb62grwntjwpkuxenl9xuv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Axiya</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5513</id>
    <redirect title="Category:Asia" />
    <revision>
      <id>36106</id>
      <parentid>31981</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-05-31T09:44:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FakirNL</username>
        <id>7945</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Category:Asia]]</comment>
      <origin>36106</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="bpvqh32108bk0ww71f9e9atvol57xei" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>bpvqh32108bk0ww71f9e9atvol57xei</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Matiko ya Oxiyeniya</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5516</id>
    <revision>
      <id>31998</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T04:30:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Complete</comment>
      <origin>31998</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="204" sha1="18yh1zbdxz3npovjiuu8whpyly24bv3" xml:space="preserve">[[Australia]] |[[Micronesia]] |[[Fiji]] |[[Kiribati]] |[[Marshall Islands]] |[[Nauru]] |[[New Zealand]] |[[Palau]] |[[Papua New Guinea]] |[[Samoa]] |[[Solomon Islands]] |[[Tonga]] |[[Tuvalu]] |[[Vanuatu]]</text>
      <sha1>18yh1zbdxz3npovjiuu8whpyly24bv3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Myox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5517</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Matiko ya Oxiyeniya" />
    <revision>
      <id>31999</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T04:31:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>31999</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" sha1="n76mewbwtfv1ulak22y89b2n8sat3bw" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Matiko ya Oxiyeniya]]</text>
      <sha1>n76mewbwtfv1ulak22y89b2n8sat3bw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Navbox</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5518</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32001</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T05:06:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created module</comment>
      <origin>32001</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="12761" sha1="nu5v2o7qy8lkltph07dqtlp1u6unvdl" xml:space="preserve">--
-- This module implements {{Navbox}}
--

local p = {}

local navbar = require('Module:Navbar')._navbar
local getArgs -- lazily initialized

local args
local border
local listnums = {}
local ODD_EVEN_MARKER = '\127_ODDEVEN_\127'
local RESTART_MARKER = '\127_ODDEVEN0_\127'
local REGEX_MARKER = '\127_ODDEVEN(%d?)_\127'

local function striped(wikitext)
	-- Return wikitext with markers replaced for odd/even striping.
	-- Child (subgroup) navboxes are flagged with a category that is removed
	-- by parent navboxes. The result is that the category shows all pages
	-- where a child navbox is not contained in a parent navbox.
	local orphanCat = '[[Category:Navbox orphans]]'
	if border == 'subgroup' and args.orphan ~= 'yes' then
		-- No change; striping occurs in outermost navbox.
		return wikitext .. orphanCat
	end
	local first, second = 'odd', 'even'
	if args.evenodd then
		if args.evenodd == 'swap' then
			first, second = second, first
		else
			first = args.evenodd
			second = first
		end
	end
	local changer
	if first == second then
		changer = first
	else
		local index = 0
		changer = function (code)
			if code == '0' then
				-- Current occurrence is for a group before a nested table.
				-- Set it to first as a valid although pointless class.
				-- The next occurrence will be the first row after a title
				-- in a subgroup and will also be first.
				index = 0
				return first
			end
			index = index + 1
			return index % 2 == 1 and first or second
		end
	end
	local regex = orphanCat:gsub('([%[%]])', '%%%1')
	return (wikitext:gsub(regex, ''):gsub(REGEX_MARKER, changer))  -- () omits gsub count
end

local function processItem(item, nowrapitems)
	if item:sub(1, 2) == '{|' then
		-- Applying nowrap to lines in a table does not make sense.
		-- Add newlines to compensate for trim of x in |parm=x in a template.
		return '\n' .. item ..'\n'
	end
	if nowrapitems == 'yes' then
		local lines = {}
		for line in (item .. '\n'):gmatch('([^\n]*)\n') do
			local prefix, content = line:match('^([*:;#]+)%s*(.*)')
			if prefix and not content:match('^&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;') then
				line = prefix .. '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;' .. content .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
			end
			table.insert(lines, line)
		end
		item = table.concat(lines, '\n')
	end
	if item:match('^[*:;#]') then
		return '\n' .. item ..'\n'
	end
	return item
end

local function renderNavBar(titleCell)

	if args.navbar ~= 'off' and args.navbar ~= 'plain' and not (not args.name and mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent():getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '') == 'Template:Navbox') then
		titleCell:wikitext(navbar{
			args.name,
			mini = 1,
			fontstyle = (args.basestyle or '') .. ';' .. (args.titlestyle or '') .. ';background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;'
		})
	end

end

--
--   Title row
--
local function renderTitleRow(tbl)
	if not args.title then return end

	local titleRow = tbl:tag('tr')

	if args.titlegroup then
		titleRow
			:tag('th')
				:attr('scope', 'row')
				:addClass('navbox-group')
				:addClass(args.titlegroupclass)
				:cssText(args.basestyle)
				:cssText(args.groupstyle)
				:cssText(args.titlegroupstyle)
				:wikitext(args.titlegroup)
	end

	local titleCell = titleRow:tag('th'):attr('scope', 'col')

	if args.titlegroup then
		titleCell
			:css('border-left', '2px solid #fdfdfd')
			:css('width', '100%')
	end

	local titleColspan = 2
	if args.imageleft then titleColspan = titleColspan + 1 end
	if args.image then titleColspan = titleColspan + 1 end
	if args.titlegroup then titleColspan = titleColspan - 1 end

	titleCell
		:cssText(args.basestyle)
		:cssText(args.titlestyle)
		:addClass('navbox-title')
		:attr('colspan', titleColspan)

	renderNavBar(titleCell)

	titleCell
		:tag('div')
			-- id for aria-labelledby attribute
			:attr('id', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.title))
			:addClass(args.titleclass)
			:css('font-size', '114%')
			:css('margin', '0 4em')
			:wikitext(processItem(args.title))
end

--
--   Above/Below rows
--

local function getAboveBelowColspan()
	local ret = 2
	if args.imageleft then ret = ret + 1 end
	if args.image then ret = ret + 1 end
	return ret
end

local function renderAboveRow(tbl)
	if not args.above then return end

	tbl:tag('tr')
		:tag('td')
			:addClass('navbox-abovebelow')
			:addClass(args.aboveclass)
			:cssText(args.basestyle)
			:cssText(args.abovestyle)
			:attr('colspan', getAboveBelowColspan())
			:tag('div')
				-- id for aria-labelledby attribute, if no title
				:attr('id', args.title and nil or mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.above))
				:wikitext(processItem(args.above, args.nowrapitems))
end

local function renderBelowRow(tbl)
	if not args.below then return end

	tbl:tag('tr')
		:tag('td')
			:addClass('navbox-abovebelow')
			:addClass(args.belowclass)
			:cssText(args.basestyle)
			:cssText(args.belowstyle)
			:attr('colspan', getAboveBelowColspan())
			:tag('div')
				:wikitext(processItem(args.below, args.nowrapitems))
end

--
--   List rows
--
local function renderListRow(tbl, index, listnum)
	local row = tbl:tag('tr')

	if index == 1 and args.imageleft then
		row
			:tag('td')
				:addClass('navbox-image')
				:addClass(args.imageclass)
				:css('width', '1px')               -- Minimize width
				:css('padding', '0px 2px 0px 0px')
				:cssText(args.imageleftstyle)
				:attr('rowspan', #listnums)
				:tag('div')
					:wikitext(processItem(args.imageleft))
	end

	if args['group' .. listnum] then
		local groupCell = row:tag('th')

		-- id for aria-labelledby attribute, if lone group with no title or above
		if listnum == 1 and not (args.title or args.above or args.group2) then
			groupCell
				:attr('id', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.group1))
		end

		groupCell
			:attr('scope', 'row')
			:addClass('navbox-group')
			:addClass(args.groupclass)
			:cssText(args.basestyle)
            :css('width', args.groupwidth or '1%') -- If groupwidth not specified, minimize width

		groupCell
			:cssText(args.groupstyle)
			:cssText(args['group' .. listnum .. 'style'])
			:wikitext(args['group' .. listnum])
	end

	local listCell = row:tag('td')

	if args['group' .. listnum] then
		listCell
			:css('text-align', 'left')
			:css('border-left-width', '2px')
			:css('border-left-style', 'solid')
	else
		listCell:attr('colspan', 2)
	end

	if not args.groupwidth then
		listCell:css('width', '100%')
	end

	local rowstyle  -- usually nil so cssText(rowstyle) usually adds nothing
	if index % 2 == 1 then
		rowstyle = args.oddstyle
	else
		rowstyle = args.evenstyle
	end

	local listText = args['list' .. listnum]
	local oddEven = ODD_EVEN_MARKER
	if listText:sub(1, 12) == '&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table' then
		-- Assume list text is for a subgroup navbox so no automatic striping for this row.
		oddEven = listText:find('&lt;th[^&gt;]*&quot;navbox%-title&quot;') and RESTART_MARKER or 'odd'
	end
	listCell
		:css('padding', '0px')
		:cssText(args.liststyle)
		:cssText(rowstyle)
		:cssText(args['list' .. listnum .. 'style'])
		:addClass('navbox-list')
		:addClass('navbox-' .. oddEven)
		:addClass(args.listclass)
		:tag('div')
			:css('padding', (index == 1 and args.list1padding) or args.listpadding or '0em 0.25em')
			:wikitext(processItem(listText, args.nowrapitems))

	if index == 1 and args.image then
		row
			:tag('td')
				:addClass('navbox-image')
				:addClass(args.imageclass)
				:css('width', '1px')               -- Minimize width
				:css('padding', '0px 0px 0px 2px')
				:cssText(args.imagestyle)
				:attr('rowspan', #listnums)
				:tag('div')
					:wikitext(processItem(args.image))
	end
end


--
--   Tracking categories
--

local function needsHorizontalLists()
	if border == 'subgroup' or args.tracking == 'no' then
		return false
	end
	local listClasses = {
		['plainlist'] = true, ['hlist'] = true, ['hlist hnum'] = true,
		['hlist hwrap'] = true, ['hlist vcard'] = true, ['vcard hlist'] = true,
		['hlist vevent'] = true,
	}
	return not (listClasses[args.listclass] or listClasses[args.bodyclass])
end

local function hasBackgroundColors()
	for _, key in ipairs({'titlestyle', 'groupstyle', 'basestyle', 'abovestyle', 'belowstyle'}) do
		if tostring(args[key]):find('background', 1, true) then
			return true
		end
	end
end

local function hasBorders()
	for _, key in ipairs({'groupstyle', 'basestyle', 'abovestyle', 'belowstyle'}) do
		if tostring(args[key]):find('border', 1, true) then
			return true
		end
	end
end

local function isIllegible()
	local styleratio = require('Module:Color contrast')._styleratio

	for key, style in pairs(args) do
		if tostring(key):match(&quot;style$&quot;) then
			if styleratio{mw.text.unstripNoWiki(style)} &lt; 4.5 then
				return true
			end
		end
	end
	return false
end

local function getTrackingCategories()
	local cats = {}
	if needsHorizontalLists() then table.insert(cats, 'Navigational boxes without horizontal lists') end
	if hasBackgroundColors() then table.insert(cats, 'Navboxes using background colours') end
	if isIllegible() then table.insert(cats, 'Potentially illegible navboxes') end
	if hasBorders() then table.insert(cats, 'Navboxes using borders') end
	return cats
end

local function renderTrackingCategories(builder)
	local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	if title.namespace ~= 10 then return end -- not in template space
	local subpage = title.subpageText
	if subpage == 'doc' or subpage == 'sandbox' or subpage == 'testcases' then return end

	for _, cat in ipairs(getTrackingCategories()) do
		builder:wikitext('[[Category:' .. cat .. ']]')
	end
end

--
--   Main navbox tables
--
local function renderMainTable()
	local tbl = mw.html.create('table')
		:addClass('nowraplinks')
		:addClass(args.bodyclass)

	if args.title and (args.state ~= 'plain' and args.state ~= 'off') then
		tbl
			:addClass('collapsible')
			:addClass(args.state or 'autocollapse')
	end

	tbl:css('border-spacing', 0)
	if border == 'subgroup' or border == 'none' then
		tbl
			:addClass('navbox-subgroup')
			:cssText(args.bodystyle)
			:cssText(args.style)
	else  -- regular navbox - bodystyle and style will be applied to the wrapper table
		tbl
			:addClass('navbox-inner')
			:css('background', 'transparent')
			:css('color', 'inherit')
	end
	tbl:cssText(args.innerstyle)

	renderTitleRow(tbl)
	renderAboveRow(tbl)
	for i, listnum in ipairs(listnums) do
		renderListRow(tbl, i, listnum)
	end
	renderBelowRow(tbl)

	return tbl
end

function p._navbox(navboxArgs)
	args = navboxArgs

	for k, _ in pairs(args) do
		if type(k) == 'string' then
			local listnum = k:match('^list(%d+)$')
			if listnum then table.insert(listnums, tonumber(listnum)) end
		end
	end
	table.sort(listnums)

	border = mw.text.trim(args.border or args[1] or '')
	if border == 'child' then
		border = 'subgroup'
	end

	-- render the main body of the navbox
	local tbl = renderMainTable()

	-- render the appropriate wrapper around the navbox, depending on the border param
	local res = mw.html.create()
	if border == 'none' then
		local nav = res:tag('div')
			:attr('role', 'navigation')
			:node(tbl)
		-- aria-labelledby title, otherwise above, otherwise lone group
		if args.title or args.above or (args.group1 and not args.group2) then
			nav:attr('aria-labelledby', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.title or args.above or args.group1))
		else
			nav:attr('aria-label', 'Navbox')
		end
	elseif border == 'subgroup' then
		-- We assume that this navbox is being rendered in a list cell of a parent navbox, and is
		-- therefore inside a div with padding:0em 0.25em. We start with a &lt;/div&gt; to avoid the
		-- padding being applied, and at the end add a &lt;div&gt; to balance out the parent's &lt;/div&gt;
		res
			:wikitext('&lt;/div&gt;')
			:node(tbl)
			:wikitext('&lt;div&gt;')
	else
		local nav = res:tag('div')
			:attr('role', 'navigation')
			:addClass('navbox')
			:cssText(args.bodystyle)
			:cssText(args.style)
			:css('padding', '3px')
			:node(tbl)
		-- aria-labelledby title, otherwise above, otherwise lone group
		if args.title or args.above or (args.group1 and not args.group2) then
			nav:attr('aria-labelledby', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args.title or args.above or args.group1))
		else
			nav:attr('aria-label', 'Navbox')
		end
	end

	renderTrackingCategories(res)

	return striped(tostring(res))
end

function p.navbox(frame)
	if not getArgs then
		getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
	end
	args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = {'Template:Navbox', 'Template:Navbox subgroup'}})
	if frame.args.border then
		-- This allows Template:Navbox_subgroup to use {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox|border=...}}.
		args.border = frame.args.border
	end

	-- Read the arguments in the order they'll be output in, to make references number in the right order.
	local _
	_ = args.title
	_ = args.above
	for i = 1, 20 do
		_ = args[&quot;group&quot; .. tostring(i)]
		_ = args[&quot;list&quot; .. tostring(i)]
	end
	_ = args.below

	return p._navbox(args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>nu5v2o7qy8lkltph07dqtlp1u6unvdl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Color contrast</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5519</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32002</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T05:09:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For module navbox</comment>
      <origin>32002</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6680" sha1="55bs9vv8hqsp9psicche4v82wnzh0ub" xml:space="preserve">--
-- This module implements 
--  {{Color contrast ratio}}
--  {{Greater color contrast ratio}}
--  {{ColorToLum}}
--  {{RGBColorToLum}}
--
local p = {}
local HTMLcolor = mw.loadData( 'Module:Color contrast/colors' )

local function sRGB ( v ) 
	if (v &lt;= 0.03928) then 
		v = v / 12.92
	else
		v = math.pow((v+0.055)/1.055, 2.4)
	end
	return v
end

local function rgbdec2lum( R, G, B )
	if ( 0 &lt;= R and R &lt; 256 and 0 &lt;= G and G &lt; 256 and 0 &lt;= B and B &lt; 256 ) then
		return 0.2126 * sRGB(R/255) + 0.7152 * sRGB(G/255) + 0.0722 * sRGB(B/255)
	else
		return ''
	end
end

local function hsl2lum( h, s, l )
	if ( 0 &lt;= h and h &lt; 360 and 0 &lt;= s and s &lt;= 1 and 0 &lt;= l and l &lt;= 1 ) then
		local c = (1 - math.abs(2*l - 1))*s
		local x = c*(1 - math.abs( math.fmod(h/60, 2) - 1) )
		local m = l - c/2

		local r, g, b = m, m, m
		if( 0 &lt;= h and h &lt; 60 ) then
			r = r + c
			g = g + x
		elseif( 60 &lt;= h and h &lt; 120 ) then
			r = r + x
			g = g + c
		elseif( 120 &lt;= h and h &lt; 180 ) then
			g = g + c
			b = b + x
		elseif( 180 &lt;= h and h &lt; 240 ) then
			g = g + x
			b = b + c
		elseif( 240 &lt;= h and h &lt; 300 ) then
			r = r + x
			b = b + c
		elseif( 300 &lt;= h and h &lt; 360 ) then
			r = r + c
			b = b + x
		end
		return rgbdec2lum(255*r, 255*g, 255*b)
	else
		return ''
	end
end

local function color2lum( c )

	if (c == nil) then
		return ''
	end

	-- html '#' entity
	c = c:gsub(&quot;&amp;#35;&quot;, &quot;#&quot;)

	-- whitespace
	c = c:match( '^%s*(.-)[%s;]*$' )

	-- unstrip nowiki strip markers
	c = mw.text.unstripNoWiki(c)

	-- lowercase
	c = c:lower()

	-- first try to look it up
	local L = HTMLcolor[c]
	if (L ~= nil) then
		return L
	end

   	-- convert from hsl
   	if mw.ustring.match(c,'^hsl%([%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*%)$') then
		local h, s, l = mw.ustring.match(c,'^hsl%([%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*%)$')
		return hsl2lum(tonumber(h), tonumber(s)/100, tonumber(l)/100)
   	end

   	-- convert from rgb
   	if mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*[0-9][0-9]*[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9]*[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9]*[%s]*%)$') then
		local R, G, B = mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*([0-9][0-9]*)[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9]*)[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9]*)[%s]*%)$')
		return rgbdec2lum(tonumber(R), tonumber(G), tonumber(B))
   	end

   	-- convert from rgb percent
   	if mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*%)$') then
		local R, G, B = mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*%)$')
		return rgbdec2lum(255*tonumber(R)/100, 255*tonumber(G)/100, 255*tonumber(B)/100)
   	end

	-- remove leading # (if there is one) and whitespace
	c = mw.ustring.match(c, '^[%s#]*([a-f0-9]*)[%s]*$')

	-- split into rgb
	local cs = mw.text.split(c or '', '')
	if( #cs == 6 ) then
		local R = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[1]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[2])
		local G = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[3]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[4])
		local B = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[5]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[6])

		return rgbdec2lum(R, G, B)
	elseif ( #cs == 3 ) then
		local R = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[1]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[1])
		local G = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[2]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[2])
		local B = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[3]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[3])

		return rgbdec2lum(R, G, B)
	end

	-- failure, return blank
	return ''
end

function p._greatercontrast(args)
	local bias = tonumber(args['bias'] or '0') or 0
	local css = (args['css'] and args['css'] ~= '') and true or false
	local v1 = color2lum(args[1] or '')
	local c2 = args[2] or '#FFFFFF'
	local v2 = color2lum(c2)
	local c3 = args[3] or '#000000'
	local v3 = color2lum(c3)
	local ratio1 = -1;
	local ratio2 = -1;
	if (type(v1) == 'number' and type(v2) == 'number') then
		ratio1 = (v2 + 0.05)/(v1 + 0.05)
		ratio1 = (ratio1 &lt; 1) and 1/ratio1 or ratio1
	end
	if (type(v1) == 'number' and type(v3) == 'number') then
		ratio2 = (v3 + 0.05)/(v1 + 0.05)
		ratio2 = (ratio2 &lt; 1) and 1/ratio2 or ratio2
	end
	
	if css then
		local c1 = args[1] or ''
		if mw.ustring.match(c1, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') or
			mw.ustring.match(c1, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') then
				c1 = '#' .. c1
		end
		if mw.ustring.match(c2, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') or
			mw.ustring.match(c2, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') then
				c2 = '#' .. c2
		end
		if mw.ustring.match(v3, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') or
			mw.ustring.match(v3, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') then
				c3 = '#' .. c3
		end
		return 'background-color:' .. c1 .. '; color:' .. ((ratio1 &gt; 0) and (ratio2 &gt; 0) and ((ratio1 + bias &gt; ratio2) and c2 or c3) or '') .. ';'
	end
	
	return (ratio1 &gt; 0) and (ratio2 &gt; 0) and ((ratio1 + bias &gt; ratio2) and c2 or c3) or ''
end

function p._ratio(args)
	local v1 = color2lum(args[1])
	local v2 = color2lum(args[2])
	if (type(v1) == 'number' and type(v2) == 'number') then
		-- v1 should be the brighter of the two.
		if v2 &gt; v1 then
			v1, v2 = v2, v1
		end
		return (v1 + 0.05)/(v2 + 0.05)
	else
		return args['error'] or '?'
	end
end

function p._styleratio(args)
	local style = (args[1] or ''):lower()
	local bg, fg = 'white', 'black'
	local lum_bg, lum_fg = 1, 0

	if args[2] then
		local lum = color2lum(args[2])
		if lum ~= '' then bg, lum_bg = args[2], lum end
	end
	if args[3] then
		local lum = color2lum(args[3])
		if lum ~= '' then fg, lum_fg = args[3], lum end
	end

	local slist = mw.text.split(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(style or '', '&amp;#[Xx]23;', '#'), '&amp;#35;', '#'), ';')
	for k = 1,#slist do
		local s = slist[k]
		local k,v = s:match( '^[%s]*([^:]-):([^:]-)[%s;]*$' )
		k = k or ''
		v = v or ''
		if (k:match('^[%s]*(background)[%s]*$') or k:match('^[%s]*(background%-color)[%s]*$')) then
			local lum = color2lum(v)
			if( lum ~= '' ) then bg, lum_bg = v, lum end
		elseif (k:match('^[%s]*(color)[%s]*$')) then
			local lum = color2lum(v)
			if( lum ~= '' ) then bg, lum_fg = v, lum end
		end
	end
	if lum_bg &gt; lum_fg then
		return (lum_bg + 0.05)/(lum_fg + 0.05)
	else
		return (lum_fg + 0.05)/(lum_bg + 0.05)
	end
end

function p.lum(frame)
	return color2lum(frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1])
end

function p.ratio(frame)
	local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args
	return p._ratio(args)
end

function p.styleratio(frame)
	local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args
	return p._styleratio(args)
end

function p.greatercontrast(frame)
	local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args
	return p._greatercontrast(args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>55bs9vv8hqsp9psicche4v82wnzh0ub</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Color contrast/colors</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5520</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32004</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T05:17:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For module:cc</comment>
      <origin>32004</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6119" sha1="chi69ar1btd4wp6xbk3uez6sfu0vipn" xml:space="preserve">return {
	aliceblue            = 0.92880068253475,
	antiquewhite         = 0.84646951707754,
	aqua                 = 0.7874,
	aquamarine           = 0.8078549208338,
	azure                = 0.97265264954166,
	beige                = 0.8988459998705,
	bisque               = 0.80732327372979,
	black                = 0,
	blanchedalmond       = 0.85084439608156,
	blue                 = 0.0722,
	blueviolet           = 0.12622014321946,
	brown                = 0.098224287876511,
	burlywood            = 0.51559844533893,
	cadetblue            = 0.29424681085422,
	chartreuse           = 0.76032025902623,
	chocolate            = 0.23898526114557,
	coral                = 0.37017930872924,
	cornflowerblue       = 0.30318641994179,
	cornsilk             = 0.93562110372965,
	crimson              = 0.16042199953026,
	cyan                 = 0.7874,
	darkblue             = 0.018640801980939,
	darkcyan             = 0.20329317839046,
	darkgoldenrod        = 0.27264703559993,
	darkgray             = 0.39675523072563,
	darkgreen            = 0.091143429047575,
	darkgrey             = 0.39675523072563,
	darkkhaki            = 0.45747326349994,
	darkmagenta          = 0.07353047651207,
	darkolivegreen       = 0.12651920884889,
	darkorange           = 0.40016167026524,
	darkorchid           = 0.13413142174857,
	darkred              = 0.054889674531132,
	darksalmon           = 0.40541471563381,
	darkseagreen         = 0.43789249325969,
	darkslateblue        = 0.065792846227988,
	darkslategray        = 0.067608151928044,
	darkslategrey        = 0.067608151928044,
	darkturquoise        = 0.4874606277449,
	darkviolet           = 0.10999048339343,
	deeppink             = 0.23866895828276,
	deepskyblue          = 0.44481603395575,
	dimgray              = 0.14126329114027,
	dimgrey              = 0.14126329114027,
	dodgerblue           = 0.27442536991456,
	firebrick            = 0.10724525535015,
	floralwhite          = 0.95922484825004,
	forestgreen          = 0.18920812076002,
	fuchsia              = 0.2848,
	gainsboro            = 0.71569350050648,
	ghostwhite           = 0.94311261886323,
	gold                 = 0.69860877428159,
	goldenrod            = 0.41919977809569,
	gray                 = 0.2158605001139,
	green                = 0.15438342968146,
	greenyellow          = 0.80609472611453,
	grey                 = 0.2158605001139,
	honeydew             = 0.96336535554782,
	hotpink              = 0.34658438169715,
	indianred            = 0.21406134963884,
	indigo               = 0.03107561486337,
	ivory                = 0.99071270600615,
	khaki                = 0.77012343394121,
	lavender             = 0.80318750514521,
	lavenderblush        = 0.90172748631046,
	lawngreen            = 0.73905893124963,
	lemonchiffon         = 0.94038992245622,
	lightblue            = 0.63709141280807,
	lightcoral           = 0.35522120733135,
	lightcyan            = 0.94587293494829,
	lightgoldenrodyellow = 0.93348351018297,
	lightgray            = 0.65140563741982,
	lightgreen           = 0.69091979956865,
	lightgrey            = 0.65140563741982,
	lightpink            = 0.58566152734898,
	lightsalmon          = 0.4780675225206,
	lightseagreen        = 0.35050145117042,
	lightskyblue         = 0.56195637618331,
	lightslategray       = 0.23830165007287,
	lightslategrey       = 0.23830165007287,
	lightsteelblue       = 0.53983888284666,
	lightyellow          = 0.98161818392882,
	lime                 = 0.7152,
	limegreen            = 0.44571042246098,
	linen                = 0.88357340984379,
	magenta              = 0.2848,
	maroon               = 0.045891942324215,
	mediumaquamarine     = 0.49389703310801,
	mediumblue           = 0.044077780212328,
	mediumorchid         = 0.21639251153773,
	mediumpurple         = 0.22905858091648,
	mediumseagreen       = 0.34393112338131,
	mediumslateblue      = 0.20284629471622,
	mediumspringgreen    = 0.70704308194184,
	mediumturquoise      = 0.5133827926448,
	mediumvioletred      = 0.14371899849357,
	midnightblue         = 0.02071786635086,
	mintcream            = 0.97834604947588,
	mistyrose            = 0.82183047859185,
	moccasin             = 0.80083000991567,
	navajowhite          = 0.76519682342785,
	navy                 = 0.015585128108224,
	oldlace              = 0.91900633405549,
	olive                = 0.20027537200568,
	olivedrab            = 0.22593150951929,
	orange               = 0.4817026703631,
	orangered            = 0.25516243753416,
	orchid               = 0.31348806761439,
	palegoldenrod        = 0.78792647887614,
	palegreen            = 0.77936759006353,
	paleturquoise        = 0.76436077921714,
	palevioletred        = 0.28754994117889,
	papayawhip           = 0.87797100199835,
	peachpuff            = 0.74905589878251,
	peru                 = 0.30113074877936,
	pink                 = 0.63271070702466,
	plum                 = 0.45734221587969,
	powderblue           = 0.68254586500605,
	purple               = 0.061477070432439,
	rebeccapurple        = 0.07492341159447,
	red                  = 0.2126,
	rosybrown            = 0.32319457649407,
	royalblue            = 0.16663210743188,
	saddlebrown          = 0.097922285020521,
	salmon               = 0.36977241527596,
	sandybrown           = 0.46628543696283,
	seagreen             = 0.19734199706275,
	seashell             = 0.92737862206922,
	sienna               = 0.13697631337098,
	silver               = 0.52711512570581,
	skyblue              = 0.55291668518184,
	slateblue            = 0.14784278062136,
	slategray            = 0.20896704076536,
	slategrey            = 0.20896704076536,
	snow                 = 0.96533341834849,
	springgreen          = 0.73052306068529,
	steelblue            = 0.20562642207625,
	tan                  = 0.48237604163921,
	teal                 = 0.16996855778968,
	thistle              = 0.56818401093733,
	tomato               = 0.30638612719415,
	turquoise            = 0.5895536427578,
	violet               = 0.40315452986676,
	wheat                = 0.74909702820482,
	white                = 1,
	whitesmoke           = 0.91309865179342,
	yellow               = 0.9278,
	yellowgreen          = 0.50762957208707,
}</text>
      <sha1>chi69ar1btd4wp6xbk3uez6sfu0vipn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Sidebar</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5521</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39873</id>
      <parentid>32005</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-01-07T03:07:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Legoktm</username>
        <id>203</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Replacing Module:No globals with require('strict') ([[m:User:Legoktm/No globals|more info]]) #noglobals</comment>
      <origin>39873</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="8079" sha1="afm3gzf8naiwnvcv23wn1tloxxd5ecr" xml:space="preserve">--
-- This module implements {{Sidebar}}
--
require('strict')

local p = {}

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local navbar = require('Module:Navbar')._navbar

local function trimAndAddAutomaticNewline(s)
	-- For compatibility with the original {{sidebar with collapsible lists}}
	-- implementation, which passed some parameters through {{#if}} to trim
	-- their whitespace. This also triggered the automatic newline behavior.
	-- ([[meta:Help:Newlines and spaces#Automatic newline]])
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, &quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
	if mw.ustring.find(s, '^[#*:;]') or mw.ustring.find(s, '^{|') then
		return '\n' .. s
	else
		return s
	end
end

local function hasSubgroup(s)
	if mw.ustring.find(s, 'vertical%-navbox%-subgroup') then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

function p.sidebar(frame, args)
	if not args then
		args = getArgs(frame)
	end
	local root = mw.html.create()
	local child = args.child and mw.text.trim(args.child) == 'yes'

	root = root:tag('table')
	if not child then
		root 
			:addClass('vertical-navbox')
			:addClass(args.wraplinks ~= 'true' and 'nowraplinks' or nil)
			:addClass(args.bodyclass or args.class)
			:css('float', args.float or 'right')
			:css('clear', (args.float == 'none' and 'both') or args.float or 'right')
			:css('width', args.width or '22.0em')
			:css('margin', args.float == 'left' and '0 1.0em 1.0em 0' or '0 0 1.0em 1.0em')
			:css('background', '#f9f9f9')
			:css('border', '1px solid #aaa')
			:css('padding', '0.2em')
			:css('border-spacing', '0.4em 0')
			:css('text-align', 'center')
			:css('line-height', '1.4em')
			:css('font-size', '88%')
			:cssText(args.bodystyle or args.style)

		if args.outertitle then
			root
				:tag('caption')
					:addClass(args.outertitleclass)
					:css('padding-bottom', '0.2em')
					:css('font-size', '125%')
					:css('line-height', '1.2em')
					:css('font-weight', 'bold')
					:cssText(args.outertitlestyle)
					:wikitext(args.outertitle)
		end

		if args.topimage then
			local imageCell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td')

			imageCell
				:addClass(args.topimageclass)
				:css('padding', '0.4em 0')
				:cssText(args.topimagestyle)
				:wikitext(args.topimage)

			if args.topcaption then
				imageCell
					:tag('div')
						:css('padding-top', '0.2em')
						:css('line-height', '1.2em')
						:cssText(args.topcaptionstyle)
						:wikitext(args.topcaption)
			end
		end

		if args.pretitle then
			root
				:tag('tr')
					:tag('td')
						:addClass(args.pretitleclass)
						:cssText(args.basestyle)
						:css('padding-top', args.topimage and '0.2em' or '0.4em')
						:css('line-height', '1.2em')
						:cssText(args.pretitlestyle)
						:wikitext(args.pretitle)
		end
	else
		root
			:addClass('vertical-navbox-subgroup')
			:css('width', '100%')
			:css('margin', '0px')
			:css('border-spacing', '0px')
			:addClass(args.bodyclass or args.class)
			:cssText(args.bodystyle or args.style)
	end

	if args.title then
		if child then
			root
				:wikitext(args.title)
		else
			root
				:tag('tr')
					:tag('th')
						:addClass(args.titleclass)
						:cssText(args.basestyle)
						:css('padding', '0.2em 0.4em 0.2em')
						:css('padding-top', args.pretitle and 0)
						:css('font-size', '145%')
						:css('line-height', '1.2em')
						:cssText(args.titlestyle)
						:wikitext(args.title)
		end
	end

	if args.image then
		local imageCell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td')

		imageCell
			:addClass(args.imageclass)
			:css('padding', '0.2em 0 0.4em')
			:cssText(args.imagestyle)
			:wikitext(args.image)

		if args.caption then
			imageCell
				:tag('div')
					:css('padding-top', '0.2em')
					:css('line-height', '1.2em')
					:cssText(args.captionstyle)
					:wikitext(args.caption)
		end
	end

	if args.above then
		root
			:tag('tr')
				:tag('td')
					:addClass(args.aboveclass)
					:css('padding', '0.3em 0.4em 0.3em')
					:css('font-weight', 'bold')
					:cssText(args.abovestyle)
					:newline() -- newline required for bullet-points to work
					:wikitext(args.above)
	end

	local rowNums = {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		k = '' .. k
		local num = k:match('^heading(%d+)$') or k:match('^content(%d+)$')
		if num then table.insert(rowNums, tonumber(num)) end
	end
	table.sort(rowNums)
	-- remove duplicates from the list (e.g. 3 will be duplicated if both heading3 and content3 are specified)
	for i = #rowNums, 1, -1 do
		if rowNums[i] == rowNums[i - 1] then
			table.remove(rowNums, i)
		end
	end

	for i, num in ipairs(rowNums) do
		local heading = args['heading' .. num]
		if heading then
			root
				:tag('tr')
					:tag('th')
						:addClass(args.headingclass)
						:css('padding', '0.1em')
						:cssText(args.basestyle)
						:cssText(args.headingstyle)
						:cssText(args['heading' .. num .. 'style'])
						:newline()
						:wikitext(heading)
		end

		local content = args['content' .. num]
		if content then
			root
				:tag('tr')
					:tag('td')
						:addClass(args.contentclass)
						:css('padding', hasSubgroup(content) and '0.1em 0 0.2em' or '0 0.1em 0.4em')
						:cssText(args.contentstyle)
						:cssText(args['content' .. num .. 'style'])
						:newline()
						:wikitext(content)
						:done()
					:newline() -- Without a linebreak after the &lt;/td&gt;, a nested list like &quot;* {{hlist| ...}}&quot; doesn't parse correctly.
		end
	end

	if args.below then
		root
			:tag('tr')
				:tag('td')
					:addClass(args.belowclass)
					:css('padding', '0.3em 0.4em 0.3em')
					:css('font-weight', 'bold')
					:cssText(args.belowstyle)
					:newline()
					:wikitext(args.below)
	end

	if not child then
		local navbarArg = args.navbar or args.tnavbar
		if navbarArg ~= 'none' and navbarArg ~= 'off' and (args.name or frame:getParent():getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '') ~= 'Template:Sidebar') then
			root
				:tag('tr')
					:tag('td')
						:css('text-align', 'right')
						:css('font-size', '115%')
						:cssText(args.navbarstyle or args.tnavbarstyle)
						:wikitext(navbar{
							args.name,
							mini = 1,
							fontstyle = args.navbarfontstyle or args.tnavbarfontstyle
						})
		end
	end

	return tostring(root) .. (child and '[[Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter]]' or '')
end

function p.collapsible(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)

	args.abovestyle = 'border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;' .. (args.abovestyle or '')
	args.belowstyle = 'border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;' .. (args.belowstyle or '')
	args.navbarstyle = 'padding-top: 0.6em;' .. (args.navbarstyle or args.tnavbarstyle or '')
	if not args.name and frame:getParent():getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '') == 'Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists' then
		args.navbar = 'none'
	end

	local contentArgs = {}

	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		local num = string.match(k, '^list(%d+)$')
		if num then
			local expand = args.expanded and (args.expanded == 'all' or args.expanded == args['list' .. num .. 'name'])

			local row = mw.html.create('div')
			row
				:addClass('NavFrame')
				:addClass((not expand) and 'collapsed' or nil)
				:css('border', 'none')
				:css('padding', 0)
				:cssText(args.listframestyle)
				:cssText(args['list' .. num .. 'framestyle'])
				:tag('div')
					:addClass('NavHead')
					:addClass(args.listtitleclass)
					:css('font-size', '105%')
					:css('background', 'transparent')
					:css('text-align', 'left')
					:cssText(args.basestyle)
					:cssText(args.listtitlestyle)
					:cssText(args['list' .. num .. 'titlestyle'])
					:wikitext(trimAndAddAutomaticNewline(args['list' .. num .. 'title'] or 'List'))
					:done()
				:tag('div')
					:addClass('NavContent')
					:addClass(args.listclass)
					:addClass(args['list' .. num .. 'class'])
					:css('font-size', '105%')
					:css('padding', '0.2em 0 0.4em')
					:css('text-align', 'center')
					:cssText(args.liststyle)
					:cssText(args['list' .. num .. 'style'])
					:wikitext(trimAndAddAutomaticNewline(args['list' .. num]))

			contentArgs['content' .. num] = tostring(row)
		end
	end

	for k, v in pairs(contentArgs) do
		args[k] = v
	end

	return p.sidebar(frame, args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>afm3gzf8naiwnvcv23wn1tloxxd5ecr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Sidebar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5522</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32006</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T05:50:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32006</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" sha1="2zokwtfwvucgrlrksr937kmldrijnwv" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Sidebar|sidebar}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2zokwtfwvucgrlrksr937kmldrijnwv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Navigational boxes without horizontal lists</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5523</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32008</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T05:51:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created blank page</comment>
      <origin>32008</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afghanistan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5524</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37995</id>
      <parentid>36572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-03-26T16:02:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>93.110.205.103</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37995</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6102" sha1="tovqt4b7tnnwi5ptuvct0vgg2hr7wa7" xml:space="preserve">{{Coord|33|N|65|E|display=title}}
{{bold|Afghanistan}} i tiko ra [[Axiya]].
{{Infobox tiko
| conventional_long_name = Islamic Republic of Afghanistan  
| common_name = Afghanistan
| native_name = {{vunblist|{{nobold|{{native name|prs|{{nq|جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان}}|italic=no}}}} |{{small|''Jomhūrīyyeh Eslāmīyyeh Afġānestān''}}|{{nobold|{{native name|ps|{{nq|د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت}}|italic=no}}}} |{{small|''Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat''}}}}
| image_flag = File:Flag of Afghanistan (1974–1978).svg
| image_coat =
| symbol_type = Coat of arms
| national_motto = {{nowrap|{{big|{{lang|ar|{{nq|لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله}}}}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;{{transl|ar|Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh}}&quot; &lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. ([[Shahada]])}}
| national_anthem = {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''[[Afghan National Anthem|Millī Surūd]]''}}&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|ps|{{Nastaliq|ملي سرود}}}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{lang-en|&quot;National Anthem&quot;}})&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[File:National anthem of Afghanistan, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map2 = 
| capital = [[Kabul]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|34|32|N|69|08|E|type:city}}   
| largest_city = Kabul
| languages_type = [[Official language]]s
| languages = {{hlist|style=white-space:nowrap; |[[Dari language|Dari]]|[[Pashto]]&lt;ref name=AO /&gt;}}
| ethnic_groups = [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]], [[Tajiks|Tajik]], [[Hazaras|Hazara]], [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]], and [[Ethnic groups in Afghanistan|others]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA-Ethnic-groups&quot;/&gt;
| religion = [[Religion in Afghanistan|Islam]]
| demonym = [[Afghan]]{{#tag:ref|Incorrect names that have been used as demonyms are '''Afghani'''&lt;ref&gt;Dictionary.com. [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]], Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghani Reference.com] (Retrieved 13 November 2007).&lt;/ref&gt; and '''Afghanistani'''.&lt;ref&gt;Dictionary.com. [[WordNet]] 3.0. [[Princeton University]]. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghanistani Reference.com] (Retrieved 13 November 2007). {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328102257/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghanistani |date=28 March 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|name=&quot;Demonym&quot;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[Islamic republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Afghanistan|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Ashraf Ghani]]
| leader_title2 = [[Chief Executive Officer (Afghanistan)|Chief Executive Officer]]
| leader_name2 = [[Abdullah Abdullah]]
| legislature = [[National Assembly (Afghanistan)|National Assembly]]
| upper_house = [[House of Elders (Afghanistan)|House of Elders]]
| lower_house = [[House of the People (Afghanistan)|House of the People]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of Afghanistan|Formation]]
| sovereignty_note = 
| established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Hotak dynasty|Hotak Empire]]}}
| established_date1 = April 1709
| established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Durrani Empire]]}}
| established_date2 = October 1747
| established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Emirate of Afghanistan|Emirate]]}}
| established_date3 = 1823
| established_event4 = [[Afghan Independence Day|Recognized]]
| established_date4 = [[Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919|19 August 1919]]
| established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Kingdom]]}}
| established_date5 = 9 June 1926
| established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Republic of Afghanistan|Republic]]}}
| established_date6 = [[1973 Afghan coup d'état|17 July 1973]]
| established_event7 = [[Constitution of Afghanistan|Current constitution]]
| established_date7 = 26 January 2004
| area_km2 = 652864&lt;ref name=&quot;Area and administrative Population&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://cso.gov.af/en|title=Central Statistics Organization|website=cso.gov.af|access-date=2018-08-07|archive-date=2014-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624043601/http://cso.gov.af/en/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank = 40th
| area_sq_mi = 251827
| percent_water = negligible
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Afghanistan}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 40th
| population_density_km2 = 49.88
| population_density_sq_mi = 111.8
| population_density_rank = 150th
| GDP_PPP = $70 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=83&amp;pr.y=10&amp;sy=2017&amp;ey=2017&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=512&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=Afghanistan |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=1 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_rank = 
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,888&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal = $21 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $572&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| Gini = 29
| Gini_year = 2008
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511044958/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI|archivedate=11 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.465
| HDI_year = 2014
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |date=14 December 2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 171st
| currency = [[Afghan afghani|Afghani]] (Afs)
| currency_code = AFN
| time_zone = D†
| utc_offset = +4:30 [[Solar Hijri calendar|Solar Calendar]]
| drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Afghanistan|right]]
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Afghanistan|+93]]
| cctld = [[.af]] [[افغانستان.]]
| country_code = AFG
}}

{{Axiya}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
&lt;references group=&quot;Note&quot;/&gt;

[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>tovqt4b7tnnwi5ptuvct0vgg2hr7wa7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:If empty</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5526</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32027</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T13:26:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created template</comment>
      <origin>32027</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="102" sha1="dl9p9t1ge8vz1f67zrvu4lp7md161es" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:If empty|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dl9p9t1ge8vz1f67zrvu4lp7md161es</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:If empty</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5527</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32028</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T13:29:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For {{if empty}}</comment>
      <origin>32028</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1018" sha1="6qq12x2ek97w2n518wugesqunsqh778" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:If empty', removeBlanks = false})

	-- For backwards compatibility reasons, the first 8 parameters can be unset instead of being blank,
	-- even though there's really no legitimate use case for this. At some point, this will be removed.
	local lowestNil = math.huge
	for i = 8,1,-1 do
		if args[i] == nil then
			args[i] = ''
			lowestNil = i
		end
	end

	for k,v in ipairs(args) do
		if v ~= '' then
			if lowestNil &lt; k then
				-- If any uses of this template depend on the behavior above, add them to a tracking category.
				-- This is a rather fragile, convoluted, hacky way to do it, but it ensures that this module's output won't be modified
				-- by it.
				frame:extensionTag('ref', '[[Category:Instances of Template:If_empty missing arguments]]', {group = 'TrackingCategory'})
				frame:extensionTag('references', '', {group = 'TrackingCategory'})
			end
			return v
		end
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>6qq12x2ek97w2n518wugesqunsqh778</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Country extract</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5528</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32029</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T13:39:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For infobox tiko</comment>
      <origin>32029</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="23473" sha1="shtxq6ln38jd99c6isg21s0xeq0wwy7" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}
--
-- to enable us to replicate the current functioning of CountryAbbr and CountryAbbr2
-- We need to deal with 
-- 1 alternative names ISO 3166 should do that
-- 2 {{&lt;name&gt;}}
-- 3 [ [&lt;name&gt;] ]
-- 4 [ [&lt;name&gt;|&lt;junk&gt;] ]
-- 5 [ [image:flag of &lt;country&gt;.[svg|gif|png|jpg]|\d+px] ]
--

function p.extractCountry(frame)
   local string= mw.ustring.toNFC (frame.args[1])
   local match=nil;
   match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;Flag of ([^\.]*)&quot;)
   if (match) then 
      return match
   end 
-- () for Cocos (Keeling) Islands
-- ' For  People's 
-- . for U.S. etc.
   match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;(%u[%a\(\)\.' -]+)&quot;)
   if (match == &quot;Image&quot;) then
       string = mw.ustring.gsub(string, match, &quot;&quot;)
       match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;[\|\[](%u[%a\(\)\.' -]+)&quot;)
   end
   if (match == &quot;20px&quot;) then
       string = mw.ustring.gsub(string, match, &quot;&quot;)
       match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;\[(%u[%a\(\)\.' -]+)&quot;)
   end 
   if (match) then 
      return match
   end
   return  string
end

--[[ 


]]

function p.extractSubdivision(frame)
   local string= mw.ustring.toNFC (frame.args[1])
   local match=nil;
-- Needed for {{flag|Greenland}},
   match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;Flag of ([^\.]*)&quot;)
   if (match) then 
      return match
   end 
-- . needed for Washington D.C. 
-- ' for cote d'azur
-- leading ' for 'Aden
-- ‘ and trailing ' for Şan‘ā'
   match = mw.ustring.match(string, &quot;('?[%u][%a'‘ \.\,-]+[%a\.'\d]+)&quot;)
   if (match) then 
      return match
   end
   return  string
end

local countries = {
	[&quot;Andorra&quot;] = &quot;AD&quot;,
	[&quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;] = &quot;AE&quot;,
	[&quot;UAE&quot;] = &quot;AE&quot;,
	[&quot;Afghanistan&quot;] = &quot;AF&quot;,
	[&quot;Antigua and Barbuda&quot;] = &quot;AG&quot;,
	[&quot;Anguilla&quot;] = &quot;AI&quot;,
	[&quot;Albania&quot;] = &quot;AL&quot;,
	[&quot;Armenia&quot;] = &quot;AM&quot;,
	[&quot;Angola&quot;] = &quot;AO&quot;,
	[&quot;Antarctica&quot;] = &quot;AQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Argentina&quot;] = &quot;AR&quot;,
	[&quot;American Samoa&quot;] = &quot;AS&quot;,
	[&quot;Austria&quot;] = &quot;AT&quot;,
	[&quot;Australia&quot;] = &quot;AU&quot;,
	[&quot;Aruba&quot;] = &quot;AW&quot;,
	[&quot;Åland Islands&quot;] = &quot;AX&quot;,
	[&quot;Aland Islands&quot;] = &quot;AX&quot;,
	[&quot;Azerbaijan&quot;] = &quot;AZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;] = &quot;AZ&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh Republic&quot;] = &quot;AZ&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;] = &quot;BA&quot;,
	[&quot;Bosnia&quot;] = &quot;BA&quot;,
	[&quot;Barbados&quot;] = &quot;BB&quot;,
	[&quot;Bangladesh&quot;] = &quot;BD&quot;,
	[&quot;Belgium&quot;] = &quot;BE&quot;,
	[&quot;Burkina Faso&quot;] = &quot;BF&quot;,
	[&quot;Bulgaria&quot;] = &quot;BG&quot;,
	[&quot;Bahrain&quot;] = &quot;BH&quot;,
	[&quot;Burundi&quot;] = &quot;BI&quot;,
	[&quot;Benin&quot;] = &quot;BJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Barthélemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Barthelemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Barthélemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Barthelemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;St Barthélemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;St Barthelemy&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
	[&quot;Bermuda&quot;] = &quot;BM&quot;,
	[&quot;Brunei&quot;] = &quot;BN&quot;,
	[&quot;Brunei Darussalam&quot;] = &quot;BN&quot;,
	[&quot;Bolivia&quot;] = &quot;BO&quot;,
	[&quot;Bolivia, Plurinational State of&quot;] = &quot;BO&quot;,
	[&quot;Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba&quot;] = &quot;BQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Brazil&quot;] = &quot;BR&quot;,
	[&quot;Bahamas&quot;] = &quot;BS&quot;,
	[&quot;The Bahamas&quot;] = &quot;BS&quot;,
	[&quot;the Bahamas&quot;] = &quot;BS&quot;,
	[&quot;Bhutan&quot;] = &quot;BT&quot;,
	[&quot;Bouvet Island&quot;] = &quot;BV&quot;,
	[&quot;Botswana&quot;] = &quot;BW&quot;,
	[&quot;Belarus&quot;] = &quot;BY&quot;,
	[&quot;Belize&quot;] = &quot;BZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Canada&quot;] = &quot;CA&quot;,
	[&quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;] = &quot;CC&quot;,
	[&quot;Cocos Islands&quot;] = &quot;CC&quot;,
	[&quot;Keeling Islands&quot;] = &quot;CC&quot;,
	[&quot;Congo, the Democratic Republic of the&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;Democratic Republic of the Congo&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;DR Congo&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;Congo-Kinshasa&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;DROC&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;DRC&quot;] = &quot;CD&quot;,
	[&quot;Central African Republic&quot;] = &quot;CF&quot;,
	[&quot;CAR&quot;] = &quot;CF&quot;,
	[&quot;Congo&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;Congo Republic&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;Congo-Brazzaville&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;West Congo&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
	[&quot;Switzerland&quot;] = &quot;CH&quot;,
	[&quot;Côte d'Ivoire&quot;] = &quot;CI&quot;,
	[&quot;Ivory Coast&quot;] = &quot;CI&quot;,
	[&quot;Cook Islands&quot;] = &quot;CK&quot;,
	[&quot;Chile&quot;] = &quot;CL&quot;,
	[&quot;Cameroon&quot;] = &quot;CM&quot;,
	[&quot;China&quot;] = &quot;CN&quot;,
	[&quot;PRC&quot;] = &quot;CN&quot;,
	[&quot;People's Republic of China&quot;] = &quot;CN&quot;,
	[&quot;Colombia&quot;] = &quot;CO&quot;,
	[&quot;Costa Rica&quot;] = &quot;CR&quot;,
	[&quot;Cuba&quot;] = &quot;CU&quot;,
	[&quot;Cape Verde&quot;] = &quot;CV&quot;,
	[&quot;Curaçao&quot;] = &quot;CW&quot;,
	[&quot;Curacao&quot;] = &quot;CW&quot;,
	[&quot;Christmas Island&quot;] = &quot;CX&quot;,
	[&quot;Cyprus&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;,
	[&quot;Republic of Cyprus&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;,
	[&quot;Northern Cyprus&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Czech Republic&quot;] = &quot;CZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Germany&quot;] = &quot;DE&quot;,
	[&quot;Djibouti&quot;] = &quot;DJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Denmark&quot;] = &quot;DK&quot;,
	[&quot;Dominica&quot;] = &quot;DM&quot;,
	[&quot;Dominican Republic&quot;] = &quot;DO&quot;,
	[&quot;Algeria&quot;] = &quot;DZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Ecuador&quot;] = &quot;EC&quot;,
	[&quot;Estonia&quot;] = &quot;EE&quot;,
	[&quot;Egypt&quot;] = &quot;EG&quot;,
	[&quot;Western Sahara&quot;] = &quot;EH&quot;,
	[&quot;Eritrea&quot;] = &quot;ER&quot;,
	[&quot;Spain&quot;] = &quot;ES&quot;,
	[&quot;Ethiopia&quot;] = &quot;ET&quot;,
	[&quot;Finland&quot;] = &quot;FI&quot;,
	[&quot;Fiji&quot;] = &quot;FJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Falkland Islands (Malvinas)&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Falklands&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Falkland Islands&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Malvinas&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Malvinas Islands&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
	[&quot;Micronesia, Federated States of&quot;] = &quot;FM&quot;,
	[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = &quot;FM&quot;,
	[&quot;Faroe Islands&quot;] = &quot;FO&quot;,
	[&quot;France&quot;] = &quot;FR&quot;,
	[&quot;Gabon&quot;] = &quot;GA&quot;,
	[&quot;United Kingdom&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;the United Kingdom&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;U. K.&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;U.K.&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;the U.K.&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;UK&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;the UK&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;Great Britain&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
	[&quot;England&quot;] = &quot;GB-ENG&quot;,
	[&quot;Scotland&quot;] = &quot;GB-SCT&quot;,
	[&quot;Wales&quot;] = &quot;GB-WLS&quot;,
	[&quot;Northern Ireland&quot;] = &quot;GB-NIR&quot;,
	[&quot;England and Wales&quot;] = &quot;GB-EAW&quot;,
	[&quot;Grenada&quot;] = &quot;GD&quot;,
	[&quot;Georgia&quot;] = &quot;GE&quot;,
	[&quot;South Ossetia&quot;] = &quot;GE&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Tskhinvali Region&quot;] = &quot;GE&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Abkhazia&quot;] = &quot;GE-AB&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Republic of Abkhazia&quot;] = &quot;GE-AB&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = &quot;GF&quot;,
	[&quot;Guernsey&quot;] = &quot;GG&quot;,
	[&quot;Ghana&quot;] = &quot;GH&quot;,
	[&quot;Gibraltar&quot;] = &quot;GI&quot;,
	[&quot;Greenland&quot;] = &quot;GL&quot;,
	[&quot;Gambia&quot;] = &quot;GM&quot;,
	[&quot;Guinea&quot;] = &quot;GN&quot;,
	[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = &quot;GP&quot;,
	[&quot;Equatorial Guinea&quot;] = &quot;GQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Greece&quot;] = &quot;GR&quot;,
	[&quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot;] = &quot;GS&quot;,
	[&quot;Guatemala&quot;] = &quot;GT&quot;,
	[&quot;Guam&quot;] = &quot;GU&quot;,
	[&quot;Guinea-Bissau&quot;] = &quot;GW&quot;,
	[&quot;Guyana&quot;] = &quot;GY&quot;,
	[&quot;Hong Kong&quot;] = &quot;HK&quot;,
	[&quot;Heard Island and McDonald Islands&quot;] = &quot;HM&quot;,
	[&quot;Heard and McDonald Islands&quot;] = &quot;HM&quot;,
	[&quot;Honduras&quot;] = &quot;HN&quot;,
	[&quot;Croatia&quot;] = &quot;HR&quot;,
	[&quot;Haiti&quot;] = &quot;HT&quot;,
	[&quot;Hungary&quot;] = &quot;HU&quot;,
	[&quot;Indonesia&quot;] = &quot;ID&quot;,
	[&quot;Ireland&quot;] = &quot;IE&quot;,
	[&quot;Israel&quot;] = &quot;IL&quot;,
	[&quot;Isle of Man&quot;] = &quot;IM&quot;,
	[&quot;India&quot;] = &quot;IN&quot;,
	[&quot;British Indian Ocean Territory&quot;] = &quot;IO&quot;,
	[&quot;Iraq&quot;] = &quot;IQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Iran, Islamic Republic of&quot;] = &quot;IR&quot;,
	[&quot;Iran&quot;] = &quot;IR&quot;,
	[&quot;Iceland&quot;] = &quot;IS&quot;,
	[&quot;Italy&quot;] = &quot;IT&quot;,
	[&quot;Jersey&quot;] = &quot;JE&quot;,
	[&quot;Jamaica&quot;] = &quot;JM&quot;,
	[&quot;Jordan&quot;] = &quot;JO&quot;,
	[&quot;Japan&quot;] = &quot;JP&quot;,
	[&quot;Kenya&quot;] = &quot;KE&quot;,
	[&quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;] = &quot;KG&quot;,
	[&quot;Cambodia&quot;] = &quot;KH&quot;,
	[&quot;Kiribati&quot;] = &quot;KI&quot;,
	[&quot;Comoros&quot;] = &quot;KM&quot;,
	[&quot;The Comoros&quot;] = &quot;KM&quot;,
	[&quot;the Comoros&quot;] = &quot;KM&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = &quot;KN&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = &quot;KN&quot;,
	[&quot;St Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = &quot;KN&quot;,
	[&quot;Korea, Democratic People's Republic of&quot;] = &quot;KP&quot;,
	[&quot;Democratic People's Republic of Korea&quot;] = &quot;KP&quot;,
	[&quot;North Korea&quot;] = &quot;KP&quot;,
	[&quot;Korea, Republic of&quot;] = &quot;KR&quot;,
	[&quot;Republic of Korea&quot;] = &quot;KR&quot;,
	[&quot;South Korea&quot;] = &quot;KR&quot;,
	[&quot;Kuwait&quot;] = &quot;KW&quot;,
	[&quot;Cayman Islands&quot;] = &quot;KY&quot;,
	[&quot;The Cayman Islands&quot;] = &quot;KY&quot;,
	[&quot;the Cayman Islands&quot;] = &quot;KY&quot;,
	[&quot;Kazakhstan&quot;] = &quot;KZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Lao People's Democratic Republic&quot;] = &quot;LA&quot;,
	[&quot;Laos&quot;] = &quot;LA&quot;,
	[&quot;Lao&quot;] = &quot;LA&quot;,
	[&quot;Lebanon&quot;] = &quot;LB&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;] = &quot;LC&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Lucia&quot;] = &quot;LC&quot;,
	[&quot;St Lucia&quot;] = &quot;LC&quot;,
	[&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;] = &quot;LI&quot;,
	[&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;] = &quot;LK&quot;,
	[&quot;Liberia&quot;] = &quot;LR&quot;,
	[&quot;Lesotho&quot;] = &quot;LS&quot;,
	[&quot;Lithuania&quot;] = &quot;LT&quot;,
	[&quot;Luxembourg&quot;] = &quot;LU&quot;,
	[&quot;Latvia&quot;] = &quot;LV&quot;,
	[&quot;Libyan Arab Jamahiriya&quot;] = &quot;LY&quot;,
	[&quot;Libya&quot;] = &quot;LY&quot;,
	[&quot;Morocco&quot;] = &quot;MA&quot;,
	[&quot;Monaco&quot;] = &quot;MC&quot;,
	[&quot;Moldova, Republic of&quot;] = &quot;MD&quot;,
	[&quot;Moldova&quot;] = &quot;MD&quot;,
	[&quot;Transnistria&quot;] = &quot;MD&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Montenegro&quot;] = &quot;ME&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Martin (French part)&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Martin (France)&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Collectivity of Saint Martin&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Collectivity of St. Martin&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Collectivity of St Martin&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint-Martin&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
	[&quot;Madagascar&quot;] = &quot;MG&quot;,
	[&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;] = &quot;MH&quot;,
	[&quot;Macedonia&quot;] = &quot;MK&quot;,
	[&quot;Mali&quot;] = &quot;ML&quot;,
	[&quot;Myanmar&quot;] = &quot;MM&quot;,
	[&quot;Burma&quot;] = &quot;MM&quot;,
	[&quot;Mongolia&quot;] = &quot;MN&quot;,
	[&quot;Macau&quot;] = &quot;MO&quot;,
	[&quot;Macao&quot;] = &quot;MO&quot;,
	[&quot;Northern Mariana Islands&quot;] =  &quot;MP&quot;,
	[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = &quot;MQ&quot;,
	[&quot;Mauritania&quot;] = &quot;MR&quot;,
	[&quot;Montserrat&quot;] = &quot;MS&quot;,
	[&quot;Malta&quot;] = &quot;MT&quot;,
	[&quot;Mauritius&quot;] = &quot;MU&quot;,
	[&quot;Maldives&quot;] = &quot;MV&quot;,
	[&quot;Malawi&quot;] = &quot;MW&quot;,
	[&quot;Mexico&quot;] = &quot;MX&quot;,
	[&quot;Malaysia&quot;] = &quot;MY&quot;,
	[&quot;Mozambique&quot;] = &quot;MZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Namibia&quot;] = &quot;NA&quot;,
	[&quot;New Caledonia&quot;] = &quot;NC&quot;,
	[&quot;Niger&quot;] = &quot;NE&quot;,
	[&quot;Norfolk Island&quot;] = &quot;NF&quot;,
	[&quot;Nigeria&quot;] = &quot;NG&quot;,
	[&quot;Nicaragua&quot;] = &quot;NI&quot;,
	[&quot;Netherlands&quot;] = &quot;NL&quot;,
	[&quot;The Netherlands&quot;] = &quot;NL&quot;,
	[&quot;the Netherlands&quot;] = &quot;NL&quot;,
	[&quot;Norway&quot;] = &quot;NO&quot;,
	[&quot;Nepal&quot;] = &quot;NP&quot;,
	[&quot;Nauru&quot;] = &quot;NR&quot;,
	[&quot;Niue&quot;] = &quot;NU&quot;,
	[&quot;New Zealand&quot;] = &quot;NZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Aotearoa&quot;] = &quot;NZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Oman&quot;] = &quot;OM&quot;,
	[&quot;Panama&quot;] = &quot;PA&quot;,
	[&quot;Peru&quot;] = &quot;PE&quot;,
	[&quot;French Polynesia&quot;] = &quot;PF&quot;,
	[&quot;Papua New Guinea&quot;] = &quot;PG&quot;,
	[&quot;Philippines&quot;] = &quot;PH&quot;,
	[&quot;The Philippines&quot;] = &quot;PH&quot;,
	[&quot;the Philippines&quot;] = &quot;PH&quot;,
	[&quot;Pakistan&quot;] = &quot;PK&quot;,
	[&quot;Poland&quot;] = &quot;PL&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = &quot;PM&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = &quot;PM&quot;,
	[&quot;St Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = &quot;PM&quot;,
	[&quot;Pitcairn&quot;] = &quot;PN&quot;,
	[&quot;Puerto Rico&quot;] = &quot;PR&quot;,
	[&quot;State of Palestine&quot;] = &quot;PS&quot;,
	[&quot;Palestine&quot;] = &quot;PS&quot;,
	[&quot;Portugal&quot;] = &quot;PT&quot;,
	[&quot;Palau&quot;] = &quot;PW&quot;,
	[&quot;Paraguay&quot;] = &quot;PY&quot;,
	[&quot;Qatar&quot;] = &quot;QA&quot;,
	[&quot;Réunion&quot;] = &quot;RE&quot;,
	[&quot;Reunion&quot;] = &quot;RE&quot;,
	[&quot;Romania&quot;] = &quot;RO&quot;,
	[&quot;Serbia&quot;] = &quot;RS&quot;,
	[&quot;Kosovo&quot;] = &quot;RS&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Russian Federation&quot;] = &quot;RU&quot;,
	[&quot;Russia&quot;] = &quot;RU&quot;,
	[&quot;Rwanda&quot;] = &quot;RW&quot;,
	[&quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;] = &quot;SA&quot;,
	[&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;] = &quot;SB&quot;,
	[&quot;Seychelles&quot;] = &quot;SC&quot;,
	[&quot;Sudan&quot;] = &quot;SD&quot;,
	[&quot;Sweden&quot;] = &quot;SE&quot;,
	[&quot;Singapore&quot;] = &quot;SG&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = &quot;SH&quot;,
	[&quot;Slovenia&quot;] = &quot;SI&quot;,
	[&quot;Svalbard and Jan Mayen&quot;] = &quot;SJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Slovakia&quot;] = &quot;SK&quot;,
	[&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;] = &quot;SL&quot;,
	[&quot;San Marino&quot;] = &quot;SM&quot;,
	[&quot;Senegal&quot;] = &quot;SN&quot;,
	[&quot;Somalia&quot;] = &quot;SO&quot;,
	[&quot;Somaliland&quot;] = &quot;SO&quot;, -- disputed
	[&quot;Suriname&quot;] = &quot;SR&quot;,
	[&quot;South Sudan&quot;] = &quot;SS&quot;,
	[&quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;] = &quot;ST&quot;,
	[&quot;Sao Tome and Principe&quot;] = &quot;ST&quot;,
	[&quot;El Salvador&quot;] = &quot;SV&quot;,
	[&quot;Sint Maarten&quot;] = &quot;SX&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Martin (Dutch part)&quot;] = &quot;SX&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Martin (Netherlands)&quot;] = &quot;SX&quot;,
	[&quot;Syrian Arab Republic&quot;] = &quot;SY&quot;,
	[&quot;Syria&quot;] = &quot;SY&quot;,
	[&quot;Swaziland&quot;] = &quot;SZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Turks and Caicos Islands&quot;] = &quot;TC&quot;,
	[&quot;Chad&quot;] = &quot;TD&quot;,
	[&quot;French Southern Territories&quot;] = &quot;TF&quot;,
	[&quot;Togo&quot;] = &quot;TG&quot;,
	[&quot;Thailand&quot;] = &quot;TH&quot;,
	[&quot;Tajikistan&quot;] = &quot;TJ&quot;,
	[&quot;Tokelau&quot;] = &quot;TK&quot;,
	[&quot;Timor-Leste&quot;] = &quot;TL&quot;,
	[&quot;East Timor&quot;] = &quot;TL&quot;,
	[&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;] = &quot;TM&quot;,
	[&quot;Tunisia&quot;] = &quot;TN&quot;,
	[&quot;Tonga&quot;] = &quot;TO&quot;,
	[&quot;Turkey&quot;] = &quot;TR&quot;,
	[&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;] = &quot;TT&quot;,
	[&quot;Tuvalu&quot;] = &quot;TV&quot;,
	[&quot;Taiwan&quot;] = &quot;TW&quot;,
	[&quot;Republic of China&quot;] = &quot;TW&quot;,
	[&quot;Tanzania, United Republic of&quot;] = &quot;TZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Tanzania&quot;] = &quot;TZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Ukraine&quot;] = &quot;UA&quot;,
	[&quot;The Ukraine&quot;] = &quot;UA&quot;,
	[&quot;the Ukraine&quot;] = &quot;UA&quot;,
	[&quot;Uganda&quot;] = &quot;UG&quot;,
	[&quot;United States Minor Outlying Islands&quot;] = &quot;UM&quot;,
	[&quot;United States&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;the United States&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;United States of America&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;the United States of America&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;U. S.&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;U.S.&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;the U.S.&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;US&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;the US&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
	[&quot;Uruguay&quot;] = &quot;UY&quot;,
	[&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;] = &quot;UZ&quot;,
	[&quot;Holy See (Vatican City State)&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
	[&quot;Holy See&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
	[&quot;Vatican City State&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
	[&quot;Vatican City&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
	[&quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = &quot;VC&quot;,
	[&quot;St. Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = &quot;VC&quot;,
	[&quot;St Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = &quot;VC&quot;,
	[&quot;Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of&quot;] = &quot;VE&quot;,
	[&quot;Venezuela&quot;] = &quot;VE&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands, British&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;British Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;UK Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the United Kingdom&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the UK&quot;] = &quot;VG&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands, U. S.&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands, U.S.&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands, US&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;American Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;U. S. Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;U.S. Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;US Virgin Islands&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the United States&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the U.S.&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Virgin Islands of the US&quot;] = &quot;VI&quot;,
	[&quot;Vietnam&quot;] = &quot;VN&quot;,
	[&quot;Viet Nam&quot;] = &quot;VN&quot;,
	[&quot;Vanuatu&quot;] = &quot;VU&quot;,
	[&quot;Wallis and Futuna&quot;] = &quot;WF&quot;,
	[&quot;Samoa&quot;] = &quot;WS&quot;,
	[&quot;Yemen&quot;] = &quot;YE&quot;,
	[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = &quot;YT&quot;,
	[&quot;South Africa&quot;] = &quot;ZA&quot;,
	[&quot;Zambia&quot;] = &quot;ZM&quot;,
	[&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;] = &quot;ZW&quot;,
	[&quot;ABW&quot;] = &quot;AW&quot;,
  	[&quot;AFG&quot;] = &quot;AF&quot;,
  	[&quot;AGO&quot;] = &quot;AO&quot;,
  	[&quot;AIA&quot;] = &quot;AI&quot;,
  	[&quot;ALA&quot;] = &quot;AX&quot;,
  	[&quot;ALB&quot;] = &quot;AL&quot;,
  	[&quot;AND&quot;] = &quot;AD&quot;,
  	[&quot;ARE&quot;] = &quot;AE&quot;,
  	[&quot;ARG&quot;] = &quot;AR&quot;,
  	[&quot;ARM&quot;] = &quot;AM&quot;,
  	[&quot;ASM&quot;] = &quot;AS&quot;,
  	[&quot;ATA&quot;] = &quot;AQ&quot;,
  	[&quot;ATF&quot;] = &quot;TF&quot;,
  	[&quot;ATG&quot;] = &quot;AG&quot;,
  	[&quot;AUS&quot;] = &quot;AU&quot;,
  	[&quot;AUT&quot;] = &quot;AT&quot;,
  	[&quot;AZE&quot;] = &quot;AZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;BDI&quot;] = &quot;BI&quot;,
  	[&quot;BEL&quot;] = &quot;BE&quot;,
  	[&quot;BEN&quot;] = &quot;BJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;BFA&quot;] = &quot;BF&quot;,
  	[&quot;BGD&quot;] = &quot;BD&quot;,
  	[&quot;BGR&quot;] = &quot;BG&quot;,
  	[&quot;BHR&quot;] = &quot;BH&quot;,
  	[&quot;BHS&quot;] = &quot;BS&quot;,
  	[&quot;BIH&quot;] = &quot;BA&quot;,
  	[&quot;BLM&quot;] = &quot;BL&quot;,
  	[&quot;BLR&quot;] = &quot;BY&quot;,
  	[&quot;BLZ&quot;] = &quot;BZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;BMU&quot;] = &quot;BM&quot;,
  	[&quot;BOL&quot;] = &quot;BO&quot;,
  	[&quot;BRA&quot;] = &quot;BR&quot;,
  	[&quot;BRB&quot;] = &quot;BB&quot;,
  	[&quot;BRN&quot;] = &quot;BN&quot;,
  	[&quot;BTN&quot;] = &quot;BT&quot;,
  	[&quot;BVT&quot;] = &quot;BV&quot;,
  	[&quot;BWA&quot;] = &quot;BW&quot;,
  	[&quot;CAF&quot;] = &quot;CF&quot;,
  	[&quot;CAN&quot;] = &quot;CA&quot;,
  	[&quot;CCK&quot;] = &quot;CC&quot;,
  	[&quot;CHE&quot;] = &quot;CH&quot;,
  	[&quot;CHL&quot;] = &quot;CL&quot;,
  	[&quot;CHN&quot;] = &quot;CN&quot;,
  	[&quot;CIV&quot;] = &quot;CI&quot;,
  	[&quot;CMR&quot;] = &quot;CM&quot;,
  	[&quot;COD&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
  	[&quot;COG&quot;] = &quot;CG&quot;,
  	[&quot;COK&quot;] = &quot;CK&quot;,
  	[&quot;COL&quot;] = &quot;CO&quot;,
  	[&quot;COM&quot;] = &quot;KM&quot;,
  	[&quot;CRI&quot;] = &quot;CR&quot;,
  	[&quot;CUB&quot;] = &quot;CU&quot;,
  	[&quot;CUW&quot;] = &quot;CW&quot;,
  	[&quot;CXR&quot;] = &quot;CX&quot;,
  	[&quot;CYM&quot;] = &quot;KY&quot;,
  	[&quot;CYP&quot;] = &quot;CY&quot;,
  	[&quot;CZE&quot;] = &quot;CZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;DEU&quot;] = &quot;DE&quot;,
  	[&quot;DJI&quot;] = &quot;DJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;DMA&quot;] = &quot;DM&quot;,
  	[&quot;DNK&quot;] = &quot;DK&quot;,
  	[&quot;DOM&quot;] = &quot;DO&quot;,
  	[&quot;DZA&quot;] = &quot;DZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;ECU&quot;] = &quot;EC&quot;,
  	[&quot;EGY&quot;] = &quot;EG&quot;,
  	[&quot;ERI&quot;] = &quot;ER&quot;,
  	[&quot;ESH&quot;] = &quot;EH&quot;,
  	[&quot;ESP&quot;] = &quot;ES&quot;,
  	[&quot;EST&quot;] = &quot;EE&quot;,
  	[&quot;ETH&quot;] = &quot;ET&quot;,
  	[&quot;FIN&quot;] = &quot;FI&quot;,
  	[&quot;FJI&quot;] = &quot;FJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;FLK&quot;] = &quot;FK&quot;,
  	[&quot;FRA&quot;] = &quot;FR&quot;,
  	[&quot;FRO&quot;] = &quot;FO&quot;,
  	[&quot;FSM&quot;] = &quot;FM&quot;,
  	[&quot;GAB&quot;] = &quot;GA&quot;,
  	[&quot;GBR&quot;] = &quot;GB&quot;,
  	[&quot;GEO&quot;] = &quot;GE&quot;,
  	[&quot;GGY&quot;] = &quot;GG&quot;,
  	[&quot;GHA&quot;] = &quot;GH&quot;,
  	[&quot;GIB&quot;] = &quot;GI&quot;,
  	[&quot;GIN&quot;] = &quot;GN&quot;,
  	[&quot;GLP&quot;] = &quot;GP&quot;,
  	[&quot;GMB&quot;] = &quot;GM&quot;,
  	[&quot;GNB&quot;] = &quot;GW&quot;,
  	[&quot;GNQ&quot;] = &quot;GQ&quot;,
  	[&quot;GRC&quot;] = &quot;GR&quot;,
  	[&quot;GRD&quot;] = &quot;GD&quot;,
  	[&quot;GRL&quot;] = &quot;GL&quot;,
  	[&quot;GTM&quot;] = &quot;GT&quot;,
  	[&quot;GUF&quot;] = &quot;GF&quot;,
  	[&quot;GUM&quot;] = &quot;GU&quot;,
  	[&quot;GUY&quot;] = &quot;GY&quot;,
  	[&quot;HKG&quot;] = &quot;HK&quot;,
  	[&quot;HMD&quot;] = &quot;HM&quot;,
  	[&quot;HND&quot;] = &quot;HN&quot;,
  	[&quot;HRV&quot;] = &quot;HR&quot;,
  	[&quot;HTI&quot;] = &quot;HT&quot;,
  	[&quot;HUN&quot;] = &quot;HU&quot;,
  	[&quot;IDN&quot;] = &quot;ID&quot;,
  	[&quot;IMN&quot;] = &quot;IM&quot;,
  	[&quot;IND&quot;] = &quot;IN&quot;,
  	[&quot;IOT&quot;] = &quot;IO&quot;,
  	[&quot;IRL&quot;] = &quot;IE&quot;,
  	[&quot;IRN&quot;] = &quot;IR&quot;,
  	[&quot;IRQ&quot;] = &quot;IQ&quot;,
  	[&quot;ISL&quot;] = &quot;IS&quot;,
  	[&quot;ISR&quot;] = &quot;IL&quot;,
  	[&quot;ITA&quot;] = &quot;IT&quot;,
  	[&quot;JAM&quot;] = &quot;JM&quot;,
  	[&quot;JEY&quot;] = &quot;JE&quot;,
  	[&quot;JOR&quot;] = &quot;JO&quot;,
  	[&quot;JPN&quot;] = &quot;JP&quot;,
  	[&quot;KAZ&quot;] = &quot;KZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;KEN&quot;] = &quot;KE&quot;,
  	[&quot;KGZ&quot;] = &quot;KG&quot;,
  	[&quot;KHM&quot;] = &quot;KH&quot;,
  	[&quot;KIR&quot;] = &quot;KI&quot;,
  	[&quot;KNA&quot;] = &quot;KN&quot;,
  	[&quot;KWT&quot;] = &quot;KW&quot;,
  	[&quot;LAO&quot;] = &quot;LA&quot;,
  	[&quot;LBN&quot;] = &quot;LB&quot;,
  	[&quot;LBR&quot;] = &quot;LR&quot;,
  	[&quot;LBY&quot;] = &quot;LY&quot;,
  	[&quot;LCA&quot;] = &quot;LC&quot;,
  	[&quot;LIE&quot;] = &quot;LI&quot;,
  	[&quot;LKA&quot;] = &quot;LK&quot;,
  	[&quot;LSO&quot;] = &quot;LS&quot;,
  	[&quot;LTU&quot;] = &quot;LT&quot;,
  	[&quot;LUX&quot;] = &quot;LU&quot;,
  	[&quot;LVA&quot;] = &quot;LV&quot;,
  	[&quot;MAC&quot;] = &quot;MO&quot;,
  	[&quot;MAF&quot;] = &quot;MF&quot;,
  	[&quot;MAR&quot;] = &quot;MA&quot;,
  	[&quot;MCO&quot;] = &quot;MC&quot;,
  	[&quot;MDA&quot;] = &quot;MD&quot;,
  	[&quot;MDG&quot;] = &quot;MG&quot;,
  	[&quot;MDV&quot;] = &quot;MV&quot;,
  	[&quot;MEX&quot;] = &quot;MX&quot;,
  	[&quot;MHL&quot;] = &quot;MH&quot;,
  	[&quot;MKD&quot;] = &quot;MK&quot;,
  	[&quot;MLI&quot;] = &quot;ML&quot;,
  	[&quot;MLT&quot;] = &quot;MT&quot;,
  	[&quot;MMR&quot;] = &quot;MM&quot;,
  	[&quot;MNE&quot;] = &quot;ME&quot;,
  	[&quot;MNG&quot;] = &quot;MN&quot;,
  	[&quot;MNP&quot;] = &quot;MP&quot;,
  	[&quot;MOZ&quot;] = &quot;MZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;MRT&quot;] = &quot;MR&quot;,
  	[&quot;MSR&quot;] = &quot;MS&quot;,
  	[&quot;MTQ&quot;] = &quot;MQ&quot;,
  	[&quot;MUS&quot;] = &quot;MU&quot;,
  	[&quot;MWI&quot;] = &quot;MW&quot;,
  	[&quot;MYS&quot;] = &quot;MY&quot;,
  	[&quot;MYT&quot;] = &quot;YT&quot;,
  	[&quot;NAM&quot;] = &quot;NA&quot;,
  	[&quot;NCL&quot;] = &quot;NC&quot;,
  	[&quot;NER&quot;] = &quot;NE&quot;,
  	[&quot;NFK&quot;] = &quot;NF&quot;,
  	[&quot;NGA&quot;] = &quot;NG&quot;,
  	[&quot;NIC&quot;] = &quot;NI&quot;,
  	[&quot;NIU&quot;] = &quot;NU&quot;,
  	[&quot;NLD&quot;] = &quot;NL&quot;,
  	[&quot;NOR&quot;] = &quot;NO&quot;,
  	[&quot;NPL&quot;] = &quot;NP&quot;,
  	[&quot;NRU&quot;] = &quot;NR&quot;,
  	[&quot;NZL&quot;] = &quot;NZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;OMN&quot;] = &quot;OM&quot;,
  	[&quot;PAK&quot;] = &quot;PK&quot;,
  	[&quot;PAN&quot;] = &quot;PA&quot;,
  	[&quot;PCN&quot;] = &quot;PN&quot;,
  	[&quot;PER&quot;] = &quot;PE&quot;,
  	[&quot;PHL&quot;] = &quot;PH&quot;,
  	[&quot;PLW&quot;] = &quot;PW&quot;,
  	[&quot;PNG&quot;] = &quot;PG&quot;,
  	[&quot;POL&quot;] = &quot;PL&quot;,
  	[&quot;PRI&quot;] = &quot;PR&quot;,
  	[&quot;PRT&quot;] = &quot;PT&quot;,
  	[&quot;PRY&quot;] = &quot;PY&quot;,
  	[&quot;PSE&quot;] = &quot;PS&quot;,
  	[&quot;PYF&quot;] = &quot;PF&quot;,
  	[&quot;QAT&quot;] = &quot;QA&quot;,
  	[&quot;REU&quot;] = &quot;RE&quot;,
  	[&quot;ROU&quot;] = &quot;RO&quot;,
  	[&quot;RUS&quot;] = &quot;RU&quot;,
  	[&quot;RWA&quot;] = &quot;RW&quot;,
  	[&quot;SAU&quot;] = &quot;SA&quot;,
  	[&quot;SDN&quot;] = &quot;SD&quot;,
  	[&quot;SEN&quot;] = &quot;SN&quot;,
  	[&quot;SGP&quot;] = &quot;SG&quot;,
  	[&quot;SGS&quot;] = &quot;GS&quot;,
  	[&quot;SJM&quot;] = &quot;SJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;SLB&quot;] = &quot;SB&quot;,
  	[&quot;SLE&quot;] = &quot;SL&quot;,
  	[&quot;SLV&quot;] = &quot;SV&quot;,
  	[&quot;SMR&quot;] = &quot;SM&quot;,
  	[&quot;SOM&quot;] = &quot;SO&quot;,
  	[&quot;SPM&quot;] = &quot;PM&quot;,
  	[&quot;SRB&quot;] = &quot;RS&quot;,
  	[&quot;SSD&quot;] = &quot;SS&quot;,
  	[&quot;STP&quot;] = &quot;ST&quot;,
  	[&quot;SUR&quot;] = &quot;SR&quot;,
  	[&quot;SVK&quot;] = &quot;SK&quot;,
  	[&quot;SVN&quot;] = &quot;SI&quot;,
  	[&quot;SWE&quot;] = &quot;SE&quot;,
  	[&quot;SWZ&quot;] = &quot;SZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;SXM&quot;] = &quot;SX&quot;,
  	[&quot;SYC&quot;] = &quot;SC&quot;,
  	[&quot;SYR&quot;] = &quot;SY&quot;,
  	[&quot;TCA&quot;] = &quot;TC&quot;,
  	[&quot;TCD&quot;] = &quot;TD&quot;,
  	[&quot;TGO&quot;] = &quot;TG&quot;,
  	[&quot;THA&quot;] = &quot;TH&quot;,
  	[&quot;TJK&quot;] = &quot;TJ&quot;,
  	[&quot;TKL&quot;] = &quot;TK&quot;,
  	[&quot;TKM&quot;] = &quot;TM&quot;,
  	[&quot;TLS&quot;] = &quot;TL&quot;,
  	[&quot;TON&quot;] = &quot;TO&quot;,
  	[&quot;TTO&quot;] = &quot;TT&quot;,
  	[&quot;TUN&quot;] = &quot;TN&quot;,
  	[&quot;TUR&quot;] = &quot;TR&quot;,
  	[&quot;TUV&quot;] = &quot;TV&quot;,
  	[&quot;TWN&quot;] = &quot;TW&quot;,
  	[&quot;TZA&quot;] = &quot;TZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;UGA&quot;] = &quot;UG&quot;,
  	[&quot;UKR&quot;] = &quot;UA&quot;,
  	[&quot;UMI&quot;] = &quot;UM&quot;,
  	[&quot;URY&quot;] = &quot;UY&quot;,
  	[&quot;USA&quot;] = &quot;US&quot;,
  	[&quot;UZB&quot;] = &quot;UZ&quot;,
  	[&quot;VAT&quot;] = &quot;VA&quot;,
  	[&quot;VCT&quot;] = &quot;VC&quot;,
  	[&quot;VEN&quot;] = &quot;VE&quot;,
  	[&quot;VNM&quot;] = &quot;VN&quot;,
  	[&quot;VUT&quot;] = &quot;VU&quot;,
  	[&quot;WLF&quot;] = &quot;WF&quot;,
  	[&quot;WSM&quot;] = &quot;WS&quot;,
  	[&quot;YEM&quot;] = &quot;YE&quot;,
  	[&quot;ZAF&quot;] = &quot;ZA&quot;,
  	[&quot;ZMB&quot;] = &quot;ZM&quot;,
  	[&quot;ZWE&quot;] = &quot;ZW&quot;
	}
function p.main(frame)
	local country = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.toNFC(frame.args[1] or ''), '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1')
	local match1 = ''
	if country and country ~= '' then
		match1 = mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;Flag of the ([^\.]*)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;Flag of ([^\.]*)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;^[Tt]he %A*(%u[%a%(%)%.' %-]+)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;(%u[%a%(%)%.' %-]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
		if (match1 == &quot;Image&quot;) or (match1 == &quot;File&quot;) then
			country = mw.ustring.gsub(country, match1, &quot;&quot;)
			match1 = mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;[%|%[](%u[%a%(%)%.' %-]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
		end
		if mw.ustring.match(match1, &quot;^%d*x?%d+px$&quot;) then
			country = mw.ustring.gsub(country, match1, &quot;&quot;)
			match1 = mw.ustring.match(country, &quot;%[(%u[%a%(%)%.' %-]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
		end
	end
	local code = countries[match1] or countries[mw.ustring.gsub(match1, &quot; %(.*%)$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)] or countries[mw.ustring.gsub(match1, &quot;,.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)] or countries[mw.ustring.gsub(match1, &quot; %(.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	if not code then
		if match1 ~= '' and mw.title.new('Template:ISO 3166 code ' .. match1).exists then
			code = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Template:ISO 3166 code ' .. match1 }
		else
			if frame.args.nocat and frame.args.nocat == 'true' then
				return ''
			end
			local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace
			if ns == 0 then
				return '[[Category:Wikipedia page with obscure country]]'
			else
				return '[[Category:Wikipedia page with obscure country|'.. frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Namespace Greek' } ..']]'
			end
		end
	end
	local subdivision = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.toNFC(frame.args[2] or ''), '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1')
	if not subdivision or subdivision == '' then return code end
	local countrytables = {
		[&quot;AD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AF&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;AZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BB&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BF&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BJ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BQ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;BZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CF&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;CZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DJ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;DZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;EC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;EE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;EG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ER&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ES&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ET&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;FI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;FJ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;FM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;FR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GB&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GQ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;GY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;HN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;HR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;HT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;HU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ID&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IQ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;IT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;JM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;JO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;JP&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KP&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;KZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LB&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;LY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ME&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ML&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MX&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;MZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NP&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;NZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;OM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;PY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;QA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;RO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;RS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;RU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;RW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SB&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SI&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SK&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ST&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;SZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TD&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TH&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TJ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TL&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TO&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TR&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TT&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TV&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TW&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;TZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UG&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;US&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UY&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;UZ&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;VC&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;VE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;VN&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;VU&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;WF&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;WS&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;YE&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ZA&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ZM&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;ZW&quot;] = true,
		}
	local match2 = 
mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;Flag of the ([^\.]*)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;Flag of ([^\.]*)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;[Tt]he %A*([ǁ'‘ʻ]?%u[%aZ̧z̄'‘‘ %.%,%-]+[%a%.'%d]+)&quot;) or mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;([ǁ'‘ʻ]?%u[%aZ̧z̄'‘‘ %.%,%-]+[%a%.'%d]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
	if (match2 == &quot;Image&quot;) or (match2 == &quot;File&quot;) then
		subdivision = mw.ustring.gsub(subdivision, match2, &quot;&quot;)
		match2 = mw.ustring.match(subdivision, &quot;[\|\[]([ǁ'‘ʻ]?%u[%aZ̧z̄'‘ʻ %.%,%-]+[%a%.'%d]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
	end
	if mw.ustring.match(match2, &quot;^%d*x?%d+px$&quot;) then
		subdivision = mw.ustring.gsub(subdivision, match2, &quot;&quot;)
		match2 = mw.ustring.match2(subdivision, &quot;%[([ǁ'‘ʻ]?%u[%aZ̧z̄'‘ʻ %.%,%-]+[%a%.'%d]+)&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
	end
	local code1 = mw.ustring.sub(code, 1, 2)
	if countrytables[code1] then
		local tmp = mw.loadData('Module:Country extract/' .. code1)
		local code2 = tmp[match2] or tmp[mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot; %(.*%)$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)] or tmp[mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot;,.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)] or tmp[mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot; %(.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
		if code2 then return code2 end
		
		local legacytemplate = 'Template:ISO 3166 code ' .. match1
		if mw.title.new(legacytemplate).exists then
			tmp = nil
			for k, v in ipairs({
				frame:expandTemplate{ title = legacytemplate, args = { mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot; %(.*%)$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) } },
				frame:expandTemplate{ title = legacytemplate, args = { mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot;,.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) } },
				frame:expandTemplate{ title = legacytemplate, args = { mw.ustring.gsub(match2, &quot; %(.*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) } },
				frame:expandTemplate{ title = legacytemplate, args = { match2 } }
			}) do
				if v ~= code and v ~= '' then
					tmp = v
					break
				end
			end
			if tmp then return tmp end
		end
		if frame.args.nocat and frame.args.nocat == 'true' then
			return code
		end
		local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace
		if ns == 0 then
			return code .. '[[Category:Wikipedia page with obscure country or subdivision]]'
		else
			return code .. '[[Category:Wikipedia page with obscure country or subdivision|'.. frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Namespace Greek' } ..']]'
		end
	end
	return code
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>shtxq6ln38jd99c6isg21s0xeq0wwy7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Br separated entries</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5529</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32033</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T14:29:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="111" sha1="3qzqyo0vc2bkjx7dik52fp751jwcnq3" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:Separated entries|br}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3qzqyo0vc2bkjx7dik52fp751jwcnq3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox tiko/imagetable</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5530</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32036</id>
      <parentid>32035</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T14:34:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Small change</comment>
      <origin>32036</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1488" sha1="9bixabt9ijssmsf7miafhejply7onmk" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{both|{{{image1a|}}}{{{image1b|}}}|{{{image2|}}}}}|
    &lt;div style=&quot;display:table; width:100%;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;&quot;&gt;
            {{#if:{{{image1a|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom:3px;&quot;&gt;{{{image1a|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}{{#if:{{{image1b|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 2px 0px 3px;&quot;&gt;{{{image1b|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
            &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{{caption1|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom:3px;&quot;&gt;{{{image2|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{{caption2|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!--else:--&gt;|
    {{#if:{{{image1a|}}}{{{image1b|}}}|
        &lt;div style=&quot;display:table; width:100%;&quot;&gt;
            {{#if:{{{image1a|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;&quot;&gt;{{{image1a|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}{{#if:{{{image1b|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px 0px;&quot;&gt;{{{image1b|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{{caption1}}}&lt;/div&gt;
    }}
    {{#if:{{{image2|}}}|
        &lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0px 5px;&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom:3px;&quot;&gt;{{{image2|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{{caption2}}}&lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    }}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation|content=
This subtemplate is used to simplify the code of {{tl|infobox tiko}}.  It should not be used directly.
}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9bixabt9ijssmsf7miafhejply7onmk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Native phrase</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5531</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32040</id>
      <parentid>32037</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T14:49:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Small change</comment>
      <origin>32040</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="887" sha1="n18z22jzn8nz1kh4kcpq4iuy92otj3y" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Hatnote|[[Template:Native name]] redirects here.}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
 Name/Phrase:
--&gt;{{lang |{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{script|}}}|-{{{script}}}|}} |italic={{#switch:{{{italics|{{{italic|}}}}}}|off|no=no|{{{italics|{{{italic|}}}}}}}}|{{{2}}}}}&lt;!--
 Language:
--&gt;{{#switch:{{{paren|{{{icon|}}}}}}
    |omit|off|no=
    |#default=&amp;nbsp;{{#switch:{{{italics|{{{italic|}}}}}} |off|no= |{{#switch:{{{nbsp|}}}|omit|no=|&amp;nbsp;}}}}&lt;!--
     --&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;languageicon&quot; style=&quot;font-size:{{{parensize|{{{fontsize|81%&lt;!--(note: &lt; 81% is too small)--&gt;}}}}}};font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
         --&gt;{{#if:{{{nolink|}}} |({{ISO 639 name|{{{1}}}}})
             | {{#ifexist:Template:ISO 639 name {{{1}}} |([[{{ISO 639 name|{{{1}}}}} language|{{ISO 639 name|{{{1}}}}}]]) |(language?)}}&lt;!--
         --&gt;}}&lt;!--
     --&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n18z22jzn8nz1kh4kcpq4iuy92otj3y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Hatnote</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5532</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32038</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T14:41:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Module Hatnote created</comment>
      <origin>32038</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6703" sha1="c5z31x97gktc3q7nnp8mf48t01l4qst" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Module:Hatnote                                --
--                                                                            --
-- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It       --
-- implements the {{hatnote}} and {{format link}} meta-templates and includes --
-- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules.                            --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]]
local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]]

local p = {}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function getArgs(frame)
	-- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and
	-- blanks are removed.
	mArguments = require('Module:Arguments')
	return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true})
end

local function removeInitialColon(s)
	-- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present.
	return s:match('^:?(.*)')
end

function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon)
	-- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This
	-- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons
	-- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon
	-- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to false.
	checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string')
	checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true)
	if removeColon ~= false then
		link = removeInitialColon(link)
	end
	local namespace = link:match('^(.-):')
	if namespace then
		local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace]
		if nsTable then
			return nsTable.id
		end
	end
	return 0
end

function p.formatPages(...)
	-- Formats a list of pages using formatLink and returns it as an array. Nil
	-- values are not allowed.
	local pages = {...}
	local ret = {}
	for i, page in ipairs(pages) do
		ret[i] = p._formatLink(page)
	end
	return ret
end

function p.formatPageTables(...)
	-- Takes a list of page/display tables and returns it as a list of
	-- formatted links. Nil values are not allowed.
	local pages = {...}
	local links = {}
	for i, t in ipairs(pages) do
		checkType('formatPageTables', i, t, 'table')
		local link = t[1]
		local display = t[2]
		links[i] = p._formatLink(link, display)
	end
	return links
end

function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory, title)
	-- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If
	-- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from
	-- [[Module:Yesno]], and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category
	-- is added.
	checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string')
	checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true)
	yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
	title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	-- Make the help link text.
	local helpText
	if helpLink then
		helpText = ' ([[' .. helpLink .. '|help]])'
	else
		helpText = ''
	end
	-- Make the category text.
	local category
	if not title.isTalkPage and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false then
		category = 'Hatnote templates with errors'
		category = string.format(
			'[[%s:%s]]',
			mw.site.namespaces[14].name,
			category
		)
	else
		category = ''
	end
	return string.format(
		'&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Error: %s%s.&lt;/strong&gt;%s',
		msg,
		helpText,
		category
	)
end

function p.disambiguate(page, disambiguator)
	-- Formats a page title with a disambiguation parenthetical,
	-- i.e. &quot;Example&quot; → &quot;Example (disambiguation)&quot;.
	checkType('disambiguate', 1, page, 'string')
	checkType('disambiguate', 2, disambiguator, 'string', true)
	disambiguator = disambiguator or 'disambiguation'
	return string.format('%s (%s)', page, disambiguator)
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Format link
--
-- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped
-- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed
-- with &quot; § &quot; as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki &quot;#&quot;. Used in
-- the {{format hatnote link}} template.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.formatLink(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	local link = args[1]
	local display = args[2]
	if not link then
		return p.makeWikitextError(
			'no link specified',
			'Template:Format hatnote link#Errors',
			args.category
		)
	end
	return p._formatLink(link, display)
end

function p._formatLink(link, display)
	checkType('_formatLink', 1, link, 'string')
	checkType('_formatLink', 2, display, 'string', true)

	-- Remove the initial colon for links where it was specified manually.
	link = removeInitialColon(link)

	-- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the {{!}} magic
	-- word.
	if not display then
		local prePipe, postPipe = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$')
		link = prePipe or link
		display = postPipe
	end

	-- Find the display value.
	if not display then
		local page, section = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$')
		if page then
			display = page .. ' §&amp;nbsp;' .. section
		end
	end

	-- Assemble the link.
	if display then
		return string.format(
			'[[:%s|%s]]',
			string.gsub(link, '|(.*)$', ''), --display overwrites manual piping
			display
		)
	else
		return string.format('[[:%s]]', link)
	end
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Hatnote
--
-- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the {{hatnote}} template.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.hatnote(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	local s = args[1]
	local options = {}
	if not s then
		return p.makeWikitextError(
			'no text specified',
			'Template:Hatnote#Errors',
			args.category
		)
	end
	options.extraclasses = args.extraclasses
	options.selfref = args.selfref
	return p._hatnote(s, options)
end

function p._hatnote(s, options)
	checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string')
	checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true)
	options = options or {}
	local classes = {'hatnote', 'navigation-not-searchable'}
	local extraclasses = options.extraclasses
	local selfref = options.selfref
	if type(extraclasses) == 'string' then
		classes[#classes + 1] = extraclasses
	end
	if selfref then
		classes[#classes + 1] = 'selfref'
	end
	return string.format(
		'&lt;div role=&quot;note&quot; class=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/div&gt;',
		table.concat(classes, ' '),
		s
	)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>c5z31x97gktc3q7nnp8mf48t01l4qst</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Native name</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5533</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Native phrase" />
    <revision>
      <id>32041</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T14:50:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect made</comment>
      <origin>32041</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" sha1="i8yw8uuy2anhcncixok8a1234zodliw" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Native phrase]]</text>
      <sha1>i8yw8uuy2anhcncixok8a1234zodliw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Small</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32042</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T14:52:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32042</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="257" sha1="dvonxxvea06kvln677gbl2xk9rrnlog" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{SAFESUBST:#if:{{{1|}}}||[[Category:Pages using small with an empty input parameter]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}&lt;!--Categories and interwikis go in the /doc sub-page.--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dvonxxvea06kvln677gbl2xk9rrnlog</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ISO 639 name</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5535</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32043</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T14:54:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32043</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="222" sha1="75rt4q9d4yo9p5ocb63tmie5quhq3yd" xml:space="preserve">{{SAFESUBST:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{1|}}}|{{SAFESUBST:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifexist:Template:ISO 639 name {{{1}}}|{{SAFESUBST:&lt;noinclude /&gt;ISO 639 name {{{1}}}}}}}|{{ISO 639 name undefined}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>75rt4q9d4yo9p5ocb63tmie5quhq3yd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox tiko/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5536</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32046</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-06T15:11:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Warning</comment>
      <origin>32046</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" sha1="bh9lmciam8lrbgaq63cns2lsa3fotyy" xml:space="preserve">Under construction, don't edit and don't use</text>
      <sha1>bh9lmciam8lrbgaq63cns2lsa3fotyy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Raise</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5537</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32048</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:25:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32048</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="136" sha1="pinb8tji4s7od9ehoijxqg4h90eeffd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;position:relative; bottom:{{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{{1}}} |0.6em}};&quot;&gt;{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pinb8tji4s7od9ehoijxqg4h90eeffd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Lower</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5538</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32049</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:26:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32049</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="135" sha1="6tpt2r5c740uplp9d5a3i5mo5ejtdxk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;position: relative; top: {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1}}}|0.6em}};&quot;&gt;{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6tpt2r5c740uplp9d5a3i5mo5ejtdxk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Hlist</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5539</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32050</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:28:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32050</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="181" sha1="ihcdy525o8nnmq114czc48dpk6pnojd" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:list|horizontal}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ihcdy525o8nnmq114czc48dpk6pnojd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unbulleted list</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5540</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32051</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:30:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32051</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="181" sha1="g28jpumica8ycuimxbfi2qlrcbowsb3" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:list|unbulleted}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>g28jpumica8ycuimxbfi2qlrcbowsb3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Nobold</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5541</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32052</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:31:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32052</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="164" sha1="jd091g26r8rrz2i74pnanvl0wum30wj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jd091g26r8rrz2i74pnanvl0wum30wj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Convinfobox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5542</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32053</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:34:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32053</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="296" sha1="ptv5mtijw6lckdqo3xwe2sl43rchzsa" xml:space="preserve">{{Convinfobox/{{#if:{{{1|}}}|pri}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|sec}}{{#if:{{{6|}}}|{{#if:{{{5|}}}|ter}}3|2}}|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|{{{4}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|sp={{{sp|}}}|lk={{{lk|off}}}|abbr={{{abbr|on}}}|disp={{{disp|}}}|adj={{{adj|}}}|sigfig={{{sigfig|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ptv5mtijw6lckdqo3xwe2sl43rchzsa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Convinfobox/2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5543</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32054</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:36:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Empty...</comment>
      <origin>32054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="3b6jqe5qcdt8mx7v6zsi2spny4z63jv" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;empty!
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3b6jqe5qcdt8mx7v6zsi2spny4z63jv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Convinfobox/prisec2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5544</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Convinfobox/pri2" />
    <revision>
      <id>32055</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:39:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect made</comment>
      <origin>32055</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" sha1="9xjzjka34d6eix1t3r340r40atakcj1" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Convinfobox/pri2]]</text>
      <sha1>9xjzjka34d6eix1t3r340r40atakcj1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Convinfobox/pri2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5545</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32056</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:40:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32056</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="246" sha1="9a4xmwgy2nj1wfj65q0jfhsfs4lqegi" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{convert|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{4}}}|{{{5|}}}|sp={{{sp|}}}|lk={{{lk|off}}}|abbr={{{abbr|on}}}|disp={{{disp|}}}|adj={{{adj|}}}|sigfig={{{sigfig|}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Subtemplates of Template Convinfobox]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9a4xmwgy2nj1wfj65q0jfhsfs4lqegi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Subtemplates of Template Convinfobox</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5546</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32057</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:41:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created blank page</comment>
      <origin>32057</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Convert</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5547</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32058</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:43:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32058</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="116" sha1="81befqhh89lu562bonqr8252bepuvfp" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{♥|safesubst:}}}#invoke:convert|convert}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>81befqhh89lu562bonqr8252bepuvfp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Convert/text</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5548</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32059</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:56:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32059</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="18595" sha1="78q2elivk8coauqtbutdonosf5ffxdj" xml:space="preserve">-- Text used by Module:Convert for enwiki.
-- This is a separate module to simplify translation for use on another wiki.
-- See [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] if copying to another wiki.

-- Some units accept an SI prefix before the unit code, such as &quot;kg&quot; for kilogram.
local SIprefixes = {
	-- The prefix field is what the prefix should be, if different from the prefix used.
	['Y'] = { exponent = 24, name = 'yotta',                  },
	['Z'] = { exponent = 21, name = 'zetta',                  },
	['E'] = { exponent = 18, name = 'exa'  ,                  },
	['P'] = { exponent = 15, name = 'peta' ,                  },
	['T'] = { exponent = 12, name = 'tera' ,                  },
	['G'] = { exponent =  9, name = 'giga' ,                  },
	['M'] = { exponent =  6, name = 'mega' ,                  },
	['k'] = { exponent =  3, name = 'kilo' ,                  },
	['h'] = { exponent =  2, name = 'hecto',                  },
	['da']= { exponent =  1, name = 'deca' , name_us = 'deka' },
	['d'] = { exponent = -1, name = 'deci' ,                  },
	['c'] = { exponent = -2, name = 'centi',                  },
	['m'] = { exponent = -3, name = 'milli',                  },
	['μ'] = { exponent = -6, name = 'micro',                  },  -- key = 'GREEK SMALL LETTER MU' (U+03BC) utf-8 CE BC
	['µ'] = { exponent = -6, name = 'micro', prefix = 'μ'     },  -- key = 'MICRO SIGN' (U+00B5) utf-8 C2 B5
	['u'] = { exponent = -6, name = 'micro', prefix = 'μ'     },  -- not an SI prefix, but allow for people typing this
	['n'] = { exponent = -9, name = 'nano' ,                  },
	['p'] = { exponent =-12, name = 'pico' ,                  },
	['f'] = { exponent =-15, name = 'femto',                  },
	['a'] = { exponent =-18, name = 'atto' ,                  },
	['z'] = { exponent =-21, name = 'zepto',                  },
	['y'] = { exponent =-24, name = 'yocto',                  },
}

-- Some units can be qualified with one of the following prefixes, when linked.
local customary_units = {
	{ &quot;US&quot;, link = &quot;United States customary units&quot; },
	{ &quot;U.S.&quot;, link = &quot;United States customary units&quot; },
	{ &quot;imperial&quot;, link = &quot;Imperial units&quot; },
	{ &quot;imp&quot;, link = &quot;Imperial units&quot; },
}

-- Names when using engineering notation (a prefix of &quot;eN&quot; where N is a number; example &quot;e6km&quot;).
-- key = { &quot;name&quot;, link = &quot;article title&quot;, exponent = numeric_key_value }
-- If lk=on and link is defined, the name of the number will appear as a link.
local eng_scales = {
	[&quot;3&quot;]  = { &quot;thousand&quot;, exponent = 3 },
	[&quot;6&quot;]  = { &quot;million&quot;, exponent = 6 },
	[&quot;9&quot;]  = { &quot;billion&quot;, link = &quot;1000000000 (number)&quot;, exponent = 9 },
	[&quot;12&quot;] = { &quot;trillion&quot;, link = &quot;1000000000000 (number)&quot;, exponent = 12 },
	[&quot;15&quot;] = { &quot;quadrillion&quot;, link = &quot;1000000000000000 (number)&quot;, exponent = 15 },
}

local all_categories = {
	unit = &quot;[[Category:Convert errors]]&quot;,
	option = &quot;[[Category:Convert errors]]&quot;,
	warning = '[[Category:Convert invalid options]]',
	tracking = '[[Category:Convert tracking]]',
}

-- For some error messages, the following puts the wanted style around
-- each unit code marked like '...%{ft%}...'.
local unitcode_regex = '%%([{}])'
local unitcode_replace = { ['{'] = '&quot;', ['}'] = '&quot;' }  -- no longer need the more elaborate substitute used before 2013-09-28

-- All messages that may be displayed if a problem occurs.
local all_messages = {
	-- Message format string: $1=title, $2=text, $3=category, $4=anchor.
	-- Each displayed message starts with &quot;Convert:&quot; so can easily locate by searching article.
	cvt_format = '&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[&lt;i&gt;[[Help:Convert messages#$4|&lt;span title=&quot;Convert: $1&quot;&gt;convert: $2&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;$3&lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	cvt_format2 = '&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[[Help:Convert messages#$4|&lt;span title=&quot;Convert: $1&quot;&gt;$2&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt;$3&lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	cvt_format_preview = '&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Error in convert: $1 [[Help:Convert messages#$4|(help)]]&lt;/strong&gt;$3',
	-- Each of following messages is a table:
	-- { [1] = 'title',         -- mouseover title text
	--   [2] = 'text',          -- link text displayed in article
	--   [3] = 'category key',  -- key to lookup category in all_categories
	--   [4] = 'anchor',        -- anchor for link to relevant section on help page
	--   regex = gsub_regex,
	--   replace = gsub_table,
	-- }                    Mouseover title text                           Link text               CatKey     Anchor
	cvt_bad_input      = { 'input &quot;$1&quot; must be a number and unit'       , 'invalid input'       , 'option',  'invalid_input'        },
	cvt_bad_num        = { 'Value &quot;$1&quot; must be a number'                , 'invalid number'      , 'option',  'invalid_number'       },
	cvt_big_prec       = { 'Precision &quot;$1&quot; is too large'                , 'precision too large' , 'option',  'precision_too_large'  },
	cvt_invalid_num    = { 'Number has overflowed'                      , 'number overflow'     , 'option',  'number_overflow'      },
	cvt_no_num         = { 'Needs the number to be converted'           , 'needs a number'      , 'option',  'needs_number'         },
	cvt_no_num2        = { 'Needs another number for a range'           , 'needs another number', 'option',  'needs_another_number' },
	cvt_bad_frac       = { '&quot;$1&quot; needs an integer above 1'              , 'invalid fraction'    , 'option',  'invalid_fraction'     },
	cvt_bad_prec       = { 'Precision &quot;$1&quot; must be an integer'          , 'invalid precision'   , 'option',  'invalid_precision'    },
	cvt_bad_sigfig     = { '&quot;$1&quot; needs a positive integer'              , 'invalid sigfig'      , 'option',  'invalid_sigfig'       },
	cvt_empty_option   = { 'Ignored empty option &quot;$1&quot;'                  , 'empty option'        , 'option',  'empty_option'         },
	cvt_deprecated     = { 'Option &quot;$1&quot; is deprecated'                  , '*'                   , 'option',  'deprecated_option', format = 'cvt_format2', nowarn = true },
	cvt_no_spell       = { 'Spelling is not available'                  , 'bug, ask for help'   , 'option',  'ask_for_help'         },
	cvt_unknown_option = { 'Ignored invalid option &quot;$1&quot;'                , 'invalid option'      , 'option',  'invalid_option'       },
	cvt_wd_fail        = { 'Unable to access Wikidata'                  , 'wikidata problem'    , 'option',  'wikidata_problem'     },
	cvt_bad_default    = { 'Unit &quot;$1&quot; has an invalid default'           , 'bug, ask for help'   , 'unit'  ,  'ask_for_help'         },
	cvt_bad_unit       = { 'Unit &quot;$1&quot; is invalid here'                  , 'unit invalid here'   , 'unit'  ,  'unit_invalid_here'    },
	cvt_no_default     = { 'Unit &quot;$1&quot; has no default output unit'       , 'bug, ask for help'   , 'unit'  ,  'ask_for_help'         },
	cvt_no_unit        = { 'Needs name of unit'                         , 'needs unit name'     , 'unit'  ,  'needs_unit_name'      },
	cvt_unknown        = { 'Unit name &quot;$1&quot; is not known'                , 'unknown unit'        , 'unit'  ,  'unknown_unit'         },
	cvt_should_be      = { '$1'                                         , 'ambiguous unit'      , 'unit'  ,  'ambiguous_unit', regex = unitcode_regex, replace = unitcode_replace },
	cvt_mismatch       = { 'Cannot convert &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;'                , 'unit mismatch'       , 'unit'  ,  'unit_mismatch'        },
	cvt_bug_convert    = { 'Bug: Cannot convert between specified units', 'bug, ask for help'   , 'unit'  ,  'ask_for_help'         },
	cvt_lookup         = { 'Unit &quot;$1&quot; is incorrectly defined'           , 'bug, ask for help'   , 'unit'  ,  'ask_for_help'         },
}

-- Text to join input value/unit with output value/unit.
local disp_joins = {
	-- [1]=before output, [2]=after output, [3]=between outputs in a combination; default &quot;; &quot;
	-- [wantname] gives default abbr=off
	[&quot;or&quot;]         = { &quot; or &quot;    , &quot;&quot; , &quot; or &quot;, wantname = true },
	[&quot;sqbr-sp&quot;]    = { &quot; [&quot;      , &quot;]&quot; },
	[&quot;sqbr-nbsp&quot;]  = { &quot;&amp;nbsp;[&quot; , &quot;]&quot; },
	[&quot;comma&quot;]      = { &quot;, &quot;      , &quot;&quot; , &quot;, &quot; },
	[&quot;slash-sp&quot;]   = { &quot; / &quot;     , &quot;&quot; , wantname = true },
	[&quot;slash-nbsp&quot;] = { &quot;&amp;nbsp;/ &quot;, &quot;&quot; , wantname = true },
	[&quot;slash-nosp&quot;] = { &quot;/&quot;       , &quot;&quot; , wantname = true },
	[&quot;b&quot;]          = { &quot; (&quot;      , &quot;)&quot; },
	[&quot;(or)&quot;]       = { &quot; (&quot;      , &quot;)&quot;, &quot; or &quot; },
	[&quot;br&quot;]         = { &quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;  , &quot;&quot; , wantname = true },
	[&quot;br()&quot;]       = { &quot;&lt;br /&gt;(&quot; , &quot;)&quot;, wantname = true },
}

-- Text to separate values in a range.
local range_types = {
	-- Specifying a table requires either:
	-- * &quot;off&quot; and &quot;on&quot; values (for &quot;abbr=off&quot; and &quot;abbr=on&quot;), or
	-- * &quot;input&quot; and &quot;output&quot; values (for LHS and RHS);
	-- other fields are optional.
	-- When &quot;adj=on|abbr=off&quot; applies, spaces in range text are replaced with hyphens.
	-- With &quot;exception = true&quot;, that also occurs with &quot;adj=on|abbr=on&quot;.
	-- If &quot;adj&quot; is defined here, that text (unchanged) is used with &quot;adj=on&quot;.
	[&quot;+&quot;]      = &quot; + &quot;,
	[&quot;,&quot;]      = &quot;,&amp;nbsp;&quot;,
	[&quot;, and&quot;]  = &quot;, and &quot;,
	[&quot;, or&quot;]   = &quot;, or &quot;,
	[&quot;by&quot;]     = &quot; by &quot;,
	[&quot;-&quot;]      = &quot;–&quot;,
	[&quot;to about&quot;] = &quot; to about &quot;,
	[&quot;and&quot;]    = { off = &quot; and &quot;, on = &quot; and &quot;, exception = true },
	[&quot;and(-)&quot;] = { input = &quot; and &quot;, output = &quot;–&quot; },
	[&quot;or&quot;]     = { off = &quot; or &quot; , on = &quot; or &quot; , exception = true },
	[&quot;to&quot;]     = { off = &quot; to &quot; , on = &quot; to &quot; , exception = true },
	[&quot;to(-)&quot;]  = { input = &quot;&amp;nbsp;to &quot;, output = &quot;–&quot; },
	[&quot;+/-&quot;]    = { off = &quot;&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;&quot;, on = &quot;&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;&quot;, adj = &quot;&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;&quot;, is_range_change = true },
	[&quot;by(x)&quot;]  = { input = &quot; by &quot;, output = &quot; ×&amp;nbsp;&quot;, out_range_x = true },
	[&quot;x&quot;]      = { off = &quot; by &quot;, on = &quot; ×&amp;nbsp;&quot;, abbr_range_x = true },
	[&quot;xx&quot;]     = &quot;&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;&quot;,
	[&quot;*&quot;]      = &quot;×&quot;,
	[&quot;/&quot;]      = &quot;&amp;thinsp;/&amp;thinsp;&quot;,  -- for a table of high/low temperatures with {{convert|83|/|63|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
}

local range_aliases = {
	-- [&quot;alternative name for a range&quot;] = &quot;standard range name&quot;
	[&quot;–&quot;]        = &quot;-&quot;,
	[&quot;&amp;ndash;&quot;]  = &quot;-&quot;,
	[&quot;×&quot;]        = &quot;x&quot;,
	[&quot;&amp;times;&quot;]  = &quot;x&quot;,
	[&quot;±&quot;]        = &quot;+/-&quot;,
	[&quot;&amp;plusmn;&quot;] = &quot;+/-&quot;,
}

-- Convert accepts range text delimited with whitespace, for example, {{convert|1 to 2|ft}}.
-- In addition, the following &quot;words&quot; are accepted without spaces, for example, {{convert|1-2|ft}}.
-- Words must be in correct order for searching, for example, 'x' after 'xx'.
local range_words = { '-', '–', 'xx', 'x', '*' }

local ranges = {
	types = range_types,
	aliases = range_aliases,
	words = range_words,
}

-- Valid option names.
local en_option_name = {
	-- [&quot;local text for option name&quot;] = &quot;en name used in this module&quot;
	[&quot;$&quot;] = &quot;$&quot;,
	[&quot;abbr&quot;] = &quot;abbr&quot;,
	[&quot;adj&quot;] = &quot;adj&quot;,
	[&quot;comma&quot;] = &quot;comma&quot;,
	[&quot;debug&quot;] = &quot;debug&quot;,
	[&quot;disp&quot;] = &quot;disp&quot;,
	[&quot;frac&quot;] = &quot;frac&quot;,
	[&quot;input&quot;] = &quot;input&quot;,
	[&quot;lang&quot;] = &quot;lang&quot;,
	[&quot;lk&quot;] = &quot;lk&quot;,
	[&quot;order&quot;] = &quot;order&quot;,
	[&quot;qid&quot;] = &quot;qid&quot;,
	[&quot;qual&quot;] = &quot;qual&quot;,
	[&quot;qualifier&quot;] = &quot;qual&quot;,
	[&quot;round&quot;] = &quot;round&quot;,
	[&quot;sigfig&quot;] = &quot;sigfig&quot;,
	[&quot;sing&quot;] = &quot;adj&quot;,                   -- &quot;sing&quot; is an old alias for &quot;adj&quot;
	[&quot;sortable&quot;] = &quot;sortable&quot;,
	[&quot;sp&quot;] = &quot;sp&quot;,
	[&quot;spell&quot;] = &quot;spell&quot;,
	[&quot;stylein&quot;] = &quot;stylein&quot;,
	[&quot;styleout&quot;] = &quot;styleout&quot;,
	[&quot;tracking&quot;] = &quot;tracking&quot;,
}

-- Valid option values.
-- Convention: parms.opt_xxx refers to an option that is set here
-- (not intended to be set by the template which invokes this module).
-- Example: At enwiki, &quot;abbr&quot; includes:
--     [&quot;comma&quot;] = &quot;opt_nocomma&quot;
-- As a result, if the template uses abbr=comma, Module:Convert sets:
--     parms[&quot;opt_nocomma&quot;] = true
--     parms[&quot;abbr&quot;] = nil
-- Therefore parms.abbr will be nil, or will have one of the listed values
-- that do not start with &quot;opt_&quot;.
-- An option value of form &quot;xxx?&quot; is the same as &quot;xxx&quot; but shows the input as deprecated.
local en_option_value = {
	-- $=x is handled as a special case: x should be a currency symbol that will be used instead of &quot;$&quot;
	[&quot;abbr&quot;] = {
		-- [&quot;local text for option value&quot;] = &quot;en value used in this module&quot;
		[&quot;def&quot;] = &quot;&quot;,                   -- ignored (some wrapper templates call convert with &quot;abbr=def&quot; to mean &quot;default abbreviation&quot;)
		[&quot;h&quot;] = &quot;on&quot;,                   -- abbr=on + use &quot;h&quot; for hand unit (default)
		[&quot;hh&quot;] = &quot;opt_hand_hh&quot;,         -- abbr=on + use &quot;hh&quot; for hand unit
		[&quot;in&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,                  -- use symbol for LHS unit
		[&quot;none&quot;] = &quot;off&quot;,               -- old name for &quot;off&quot;
		[&quot;off&quot;] = &quot;off&quot;,                -- use name for all units
		[&quot;on&quot;] = &quot;on&quot;,                  -- use symbol for all units
		[&quot;out&quot;] = &quot;out&quot;,                -- use symbol for RHS unit (default)
		[&quot;unit&quot;] = &quot;unit&quot;,              -- abbr=on but abbreviate units only: e6km → million km (not ×10⁶ km)
		[&quot;values&quot;] = &quot;opt_values&quot;,      -- show only input and output numbers, not units
		[&quot;~&quot;] = &quot;opt_also_symbol&quot;,      -- show input unit symbol as well as name
	},
	[&quot;adj&quot;] = {
		[&quot;mid&quot;] = &quot;opt_adjectival, opt_adj_mid&quot;,  -- adj=on with user-specified text after input unit (between input and output)
		[&quot;off&quot;] = &quot;&quot;,                   -- ignored (off is the default)
		[&quot;on&quot;] = &quot;opt_adjectival&quot;,      -- unit name is singular and hyphenated
		[&quot;pre&quot;] = &quot;opt_one_preunit&quot;,    -- user-specified text before input unit
		[&quot;ri0&quot;] = &quot;opt_ri=0&quot;,           -- round input with precision = 0
		[&quot;ri1&quot;] = &quot;opt_ri=1&quot;,           -- round input with precision = 1
		[&quot;ri2&quot;] = &quot;opt_ri=2&quot;,           -- round input with precision = 2
		[&quot;ri3&quot;] = &quot;opt_ri=3&quot;,           -- round input with precision = 3
	},
	[&quot;comma&quot;] = {
		[&quot;5&quot;] = &quot;opt_comma5&quot;,           -- only use numsep grouping if 5 or more digits
		[&quot;gaps&quot;] = &quot;opt_gaps&quot;,          -- use gaps, not numsep, to separate groups of digits
		[&quot;gaps3&quot;] = &quot;opt_gaps, opt_gaps3&quot;,  -- group only in threes rather than default of no gap before a single digit after decimal mark
		[&quot;off&quot;] = &quot;opt_nocomma&quot;,        -- no numsep in input or output numbers
	},
	[&quot;debug&quot;] = {
		[&quot;yes&quot;] = &quot;opt_sortable_debug&quot;, -- make the normally hidden sort key visible
	},
	[&quot;disp&quot;] = {
		[&quot;5&quot;] = &quot;opt_round=5?&quot;,         -- round output value to nearest 5
		[&quot;b&quot;] = &quot;b&quot;,                    -- join: '(...)'
		[&quot;(or)&quot;] = &quot;(or)&quot;,              -- join: '(...)' with 'or' between outputs in a combination
		[&quot;br&quot;] = &quot;br&quot;,                  -- join: '&lt;br /&gt;'
		[&quot;br()&quot;] = &quot;br()&quot;,              -- join: '&lt;br /&gt;(...)'
		[&quot;comma&quot;] = &quot;comma&quot;,            -- join: ','
		[&quot;flip&quot;] = &quot;opt_flip&quot;,          -- reverse order of input/output
		[&quot;number&quot;] = &quot;opt_output_number_only&quot;,  -- display output value (not input, and not output symbol/name)
		[&quot;or&quot;] = &quot;or&quot;,                  -- join: 'or'
		[&quot;out&quot;] = &quot;opt_output_only&quot;,
		[&quot;output number only&quot;] = &quot;opt_output_number_only&quot;,
		[&quot;output only&quot;] = &quot;opt_output_only&quot;,
		[&quot;preunit&quot;] = &quot;opt_two_preunits&quot;,    -- user-specified text before input and output units
		[&quot;sqbr&quot;] = &quot;sqbr&quot;,              -- join: '[...]'
		[&quot;table&quot;] = &quot;opt_table&quot;,        -- output is suitable for a table cell with align=&quot;right&quot;
		[&quot;tablecen&quot;] = &quot;opt_tablecen&quot;,  -- output is suitable for a table cell with align=&quot;center&quot;
		[&quot;unit&quot;] = &quot;opt_input_unit_only&quot;, -- display input symbol/name (not output, and not input value)
		[&quot;unit or text&quot;] = &quot;opt_input_unit_only, opt_ignore_error&quot;, -- display input symbol/name, or given unit code if not known
		[&quot;unit2&quot;] = &quot;opt_output_unit_only&quot;,
		[&quot;x&quot;] = &quot;x&quot;,                    -- join: &lt;first&gt;...&lt;second&gt; (user-specified text)
	},
	-- frac=x is handled as a special case: x must be an integer (possibly in local language) = 2 or more
	-- input=x is handled as a special case: x should be &lt;value&gt;&lt;space&gt;&lt;unitcode&gt; or &lt;wikidata-property-id&gt;
	[&quot;lang&quot;] = {                        -- language for output digits (both en and local digits are always accepted for input)
		[&quot;en&quot;] = &quot;opt_lang_en&quot;,         -- use en digits for numbers, regardless of local language
		[&quot;local&quot;] = &quot;opt_lang_local&quot;,   -- use local digits for numbers (default, although config can change default to en)
	},
	[&quot;lk&quot;] = {
		[&quot;in&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,                  -- link LHS unit name or symbol
		[&quot;off&quot;] = &quot;off&quot;,                -- do not link: same as default except for hand unit
		[&quot;on&quot;] = &quot;on&quot;,                  -- link all unit names or symbols (but not twice for the same unit)
		[&quot;out&quot;] = &quot;out&quot;,                -- link RHS unit name or symbol
	},
	[&quot;order&quot;] = {
		[&quot;flip&quot;] = &quot;opt_flip&quot;,          -- reverse order of input/output
		[&quot;out&quot;] = &quot;opt_order_out&quot;,      -- do not show input; instead, use order in output combination, with the first output shown as the input
	},
	-- qid=x is handled as a special case: x should be a Wikidata Q item identifier.
	-- qual=x is handled as a special case: x should be a Wikidata Q item identifier.
	[&quot;round&quot;] = {
		[&quot;0.5&quot;] = &quot;opt_round=0.5&quot;,      -- round output value to nearest 0.5
		[&quot;5&quot;] = &quot;opt_round=5&quot;,          -- round output value to nearest 5
		[&quot;10&quot;] = &quot;opt_round=10&quot;,        -- round output value to nearest 10 (same as but clearer than &quot;|-1&quot;)
		[&quot;25&quot;] = &quot;opt_round=25&quot;,        -- round output value to nearest 25
		[&quot;50&quot;] = &quot;opt_round=50&quot;,        -- round output value to nearest 50
		[&quot;each&quot;] = &quot;opt_round_each&quot;,    -- using default precision in a range, round each output separately (default uses highest precision of each item in range)
	},
	-- sigfig=x is handled as a special case: x must be an integer (possibly in local language) = 1 or more
	[&quot;sortable&quot;] = {
		[&quot;off&quot;] = &quot;&quot;,                   -- ignored (off is the default)
		[&quot;on&quot;] = &quot;opt_sortable_on&quot;,     -- output sort key for use in a sortable table, based on value from converting to a standard base unit
	},
	[&quot;sp&quot;] = {
		[&quot;us&quot;] = &quot;opt_sp_us&quot;,           -- use U.S. spelling (like &quot;meter&quot; instead of default &quot;metre&quot;)
	},
	[&quot;spell&quot;] = {                       -- only English spelling is supported; not scientific notation; only some fractions
		[&quot;in&quot;] = &quot;opt_spell_in&quot;,        -- spell input value in words
		[&quot;In&quot;] = &quot;opt_spell_in, opt_spell_upper&quot;,                -- spell input value in words with first letter uppercase
		[&quot;on&quot;] = &quot;opt_spell_in, opt_spell_out&quot;,                  -- spell input and output values in words
		[&quot;On&quot;] = &quot;opt_spell_in, opt_spell_out, opt_spell_upper&quot;, -- same, with first letter of first word in result uppercase
	},
	-- stylein=x is handled as a special case: x can be any text
	-- styleout=x is handled as a special case: x can be any text
	-- tracking=x is handled as a special case: x can be any text
}

return {
	SIprefixes = SIprefixes,
	all_categories = all_categories,
	all_messages = all_messages,
	currency = { ['$'] = true, ['£'] = true, ['€'] = true, ['₱'] = true, ['₽'] = true, ['¥'] = true },
	customary_units = customary_units,
	disp_joins = disp_joins,
	en_option_name = en_option_name,
	en_option_value = en_option_value,
	eng_scales = eng_scales,
	ranges = ranges,
}</text>
      <sha1>78q2elivk8coauqtbutdonosf5ffxdj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Convert/extra</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5549</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32060</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T17:57:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32060</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="957" sha1="kuwh4hi5yo0m0huor6lvanxzn3btuxp" xml:space="preserve">-- Extra conversion data used by Module:Convert.
--
-- [[Module:Convert/data]] defines all units and is transcluded in all pages
-- where [[Module:Convert]] is used. Testing new units by editing that module
-- would invalidate the cache for all affected pages.
--
-- For quick changes and experiments with new units, this module can be edited.
-- Since this module is transcluded in only a small number of pages, changes
-- should cause little server overhead and should propagate quickly.
--
-- If a unit is defined in the data module, any definition here is ignored,
-- so defining the same unit in both modules is not an error.
-- A unit defined here can refer to units that are also defined here, and
-- can refer to units defined in the data module.
--
-- Periodically, those extra units that are wanted permanently can be removed
-- from here after being added to [[Module:Convert/data]].

local extra_units = {
}

return { extra_units = extra_units }</text>
      <sha1>kuwh4hi5yo0m0huor6lvanxzn3btuxp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:ConvertNumeric</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5550</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32061</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T18:02:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32061</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="20131" sha1="m4kzfq2hqt57ec91lume1xhwvofx79d" xml:space="preserve">-- Module for converting between different representations of numbers. See talk page for user documentation.
-- For unit tests see: [[Module:ConvertNumeric/testcases]]
-- When editing, preview with: Module_talk:ConvertNumeric/testcases
-- First edit [[Module:ConvertNumeric/sandbox]] and preview with Module_talk:ConvertNumeric/sandbox/testcases

local ones_position = {
	[0] = 'zero',
	[1] = 'one',
	[2] = 'two',
	[3] = 'three',
	[4] = 'four',
	[5] = 'five',
	[6] = 'six',
	[7] = 'seven',
	[8] = 'eight',
	[9] = 'nine',
	[10] = 'ten',
	[11] = 'eleven',
	[12] = 'twelve',
	[13] = 'thirteen',
	[14] = 'fourteen',
	[15] = 'fifteen',
	[16] = 'sixteen',
	[17] = 'seventeen',
	[18] = 'eighteen',
	[19] = 'nineteen'
}

local ones_position_ord = {
	[0] = 'zeroth',
	[1] = 'first',
	[2] = 'second',
	[3] = 'third',
	[4] = 'fourth',
	[5] = 'fifth',
	[6] = 'sixth',
	[7] = 'seventh',
	[8] = 'eighth',
	[9] = 'ninth',
	[10] = 'tenth',
	[11] = 'eleventh',
	[12] = 'twelfth',
	[13] = 'thirteenth',
	[14] = 'fourteenth',
	[15] = 'fifteenth',
	[16] = 'sixteenth',
	[17] = 'seventeenth',
	[18] = 'eighteenth',
	[19] = 'nineteenth'
}

local ones_position_plural = {
	[0] = 'zeros',
	[1] = 'ones',
	[2] = 'twos',
	[3] = 'threes',
	[4] = 'fours',
	[5] = 'fives',
	[6] = 'sixes',
	[7] = 'sevens',
	[8] = 'eights',
	[9] = 'nines',
	[10] = 'tens',
	[11] = 'elevens',
	[12] = 'twelves',
	[13] = 'thirteens',
	[14] = 'fourteens',
	[15] = 'fifteens',
	[16] = 'sixteens',
	[17] = 'seventeens',
	[18] = 'eighteens',
	[19] = 'nineteens'
}

local tens_position = {
	[2] = 'twenty',
	[3] = 'thirty',
	[4] = 'forty',
	[5] = 'fifty',
	[6] = 'sixty',
	[7] = 'seventy',
	[8] = 'eighty',
	[9] = 'ninety'
}

local tens_position_ord = {
	[2] = 'twentieth',
	[3] = 'thirtieth',
	[4] = 'fortieth',
	[5] = 'fiftieth',
	[6] = 'sixtieth',
	[7] = 'seventieth',
	[8] = 'eightieth',
	[9] = 'ninetieth'
}

local tens_position_plural = {
	[2] = 'twenties',
	[3] = 'thirties',
	[4] = 'forties',
	[5] = 'fifties',
	[6] = 'sixties',
	[7] = 'seventies',
	[8] = 'eighties',
	[9] = 'nineties'
}

local groups = {
	[1] = 'thousand',
	[2] = 'million',
	[3] = 'billion',
	[4] = 'trillion',
	[5] = 'quadrillion',
	[6] = 'quintillion',
	[7] = 'sextillion',
	[8] = 'septillion',
	[9] = 'octillion',
	[10] = 'nonillion',
	[11] = 'decillion',
	[12] = 'undecillion',
	[13] = 'duodecillion',
	[14] = 'tredecillion',
	[15] = 'quattuordecillion',
	[16] = 'quindecillion',
	[17] = 'sexdecillion',
	[18] = 'septendecillion',
	[19] = 'octodecillion',
	[20] = 'novemdecillion',
	[21] = 'vigintillion',
	[22] = 'unvigintillion',
	[23] = 'duovigintillion',
	[24] = 'tresvigintillion',
	[25] = 'quattuorvigintillion',
	[26] = 'quinquavigintillion',
	[27] = 'sesvigintillion',
	[28] = 'septemvigintillion',
	[29] = 'octovigintillion',
	[30] = 'novemvigintillion',
	[31] = 'trigintillion',
	[32] = 'untrigintillion',
	[33] = 'duotrigintillion',
	[34] = 'trestrigintillion',
	[35] = 'quattuortrigintillion',
	[36] = 'quinquatrigintillion',
	[37] = 'sestrigintillion',
	[38] = 'septentrigintillion',
	[39] = 'octotrigintillion',
	[40] = 'noventrigintillion',
	[41] = 'quadragintillion',
	[51] = 'quinquagintillion',
	[61] = 'sexagintillion',
	[71] = 'septuagintillion',
	[81] = 'octogintillion',
	[91] = 'nonagintillion',
	[101] = 'centillion',
	[102] = 'uncentillion',
	[103] = 'duocentillion',
	[104] = 'trescentillion',
	[111] = 'decicentillion',
	[112] = 'undecicentillion',
	[121] = 'viginticentillion',
	[122] = 'unviginticentillion',
	[131] = 'trigintacentillion',
	[141] = 'quadragintacentillion',
	[151] = 'quinquagintacentillion',
	[161] = 'sexagintacentillion',
	[171] = 'septuagintacentillion',
	[181] = 'octogintacentillion',
	[191] = 'nonagintacentillion',
	[201] = 'ducentillion',
	[301] = 'trecentillion',
	[401] = 'quadringentillion',
	[501] = 'quingentillion',
	[601] = 'sescentillion',
	[701] = 'septingentillion',
	[801] = 'octingentillion',
	[901] = 'nongentillion',
	[1001] = 'millinillion',
}

local roman_numerals = {
	I = 1,
	V = 5,
	X = 10,
	L = 50,
	C = 100,
	D = 500,
	M = 1000
}

-- Converts a given valid roman numeral (and some invalid roman numerals) to a number. Returns -1, errorstring on error
local function roman_to_numeral(roman)
	if type(roman) ~= &quot;string&quot; then return -1, &quot;roman numeral not a string&quot; end
	local rev = roman:reverse()
	local raising = true
	local last = 0
	local result = 0
	for i = 1, #rev do
		local c = rev:sub(i, i)
		local next = roman_numerals[c]
		if next == nil then return -1, &quot;roman numeral contains illegal character &quot; .. c end
		if next &gt; last then
			result = result + next
			raising = true
		elseif next &lt; last then
			result = result - next
			raising = false
		elseif raising then
			result = result + next
		else
			result = result - next
		end
		last = next
	end
	return result
end

-- Converts a given integer between 0 and 100 to English text (e.g. 47 -&gt; forty-seven)
local function numeral_to_english_less_100(num, ordinal, plural, zero)
	local terminal_ones, terminal_tens
	if ordinal then
		terminal_ones = ones_position_ord
		terminal_tens = tens_position_ord
	elseif plural then
		terminal_ones = ones_position_plural
		terminal_tens = tens_position_plural
	else
		terminal_ones = ones_position
		terminal_tens = tens_position
	end

	if num == 0 and zero ~= nil then
		return zero
	elseif num &lt; 20 then
		return terminal_ones[num]
	elseif num % 10 == 0 then
		return terminal_tens[num / 10]
	else
		return tens_position[math.floor(num / 10)] .. '-' .. terminal_ones[num % 10]
	end
end

local function standard_suffix(ordinal, plural)
	if ordinal then return 'th' end
	if plural then return 's' end
	return ''
end

-- Converts a given integer (in string form) between 0 and 1000 to English text (e.g. 47 -&gt; forty-seven)
local function numeral_to_english_less_1000(num, use_and, ordinal, plural, zero)
	num = tonumber(num)
	if num &lt; 100 then
		return numeral_to_english_less_100(num, ordinal, plural, zero)
	elseif num % 100 == 0 then
		return ones_position[num/100] .. ' hundred' .. standard_suffix(ordinal, plural)
	else
		return ones_position[math.floor(num/100)] .. ' hundred ' .. (use_and and 'and ' or '') .. numeral_to_english_less_100(num % 100, ordinal, plural, zero)
	end
end

-- Converts a number expressed as a string in scientific notation to a string in standard decimal notation
-- e.g. 1.23E5 -&gt; 123000, 1.23E-5 = .0000123. Conversion is exact, no rounding is performed.
local function scientific_notation_to_decimal(num)
	local exponent, subs = num:gsub(&quot;^%-?%d*%.?%d*%-?[Ee]([+%-]?%d+)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
	if subs == 0 then return num end  -- Input not in scientific notation, just return unmodified
	exponent = tonumber(exponent)

	local negative = num:find(&quot;^%-&quot;)
	local _, decimal_pos = num:find(&quot;%.&quot;)
	-- Mantissa will consist of all decimal digits with no decimal point
	local mantissa = num:gsub(&quot;^%-?(%d*)%.?(%d*)%-?[Ee][+%-]?%d+$&quot;, &quot;%1%2&quot;)
	if negative and decimal_pos then decimal_pos = decimal_pos - 1 end
	if not decimal_pos then decimal_pos = #mantissa + 1 end

	-- Remove leading zeros unless decimal point is in first position
	while decimal_pos &gt; 1 and mantissa:sub(1,1) == '0' do
		mantissa = mantissa:sub(2)
		decimal_pos = decimal_pos - 1
	end
	-- Shift decimal point right for exponent &gt; 0
	while exponent &gt; 0 do
		decimal_pos = decimal_pos + 1
		exponent = exponent - 1
		if decimal_pos &gt; #mantissa + 1 then mantissa = mantissa .. '0' end
		-- Remove leading zeros unless decimal point is in first position
		while decimal_pos &gt; 1 and mantissa:sub(1,1) == '0' do
			mantissa = mantissa:sub(2)
			decimal_pos = decimal_pos - 1
		end
	end
	-- Shift decimal point left for exponent &lt; 0
	while exponent &lt; 0 do
		if decimal_pos == 1 then
			mantissa = '0' .. mantissa
		else
			decimal_pos = decimal_pos - 1
		end
		exponent = exponent + 1
	end

	-- Insert decimal point in correct position and return
	return (negative and '-' or '') .. mantissa:sub(1, decimal_pos - 1) .. '.' .. mantissa:sub(decimal_pos)
end

-- Rounds a number to the nearest integer (NOT USED)
local function round_num(x)
	if x%1 &gt;= 0.5 then
		return math.ceil(x)
	else
		return math.floor(x)
	end
end

-- Rounds a number to the nearest two-word number (round = up, down, or &quot;on&quot; for round to nearest)
-- Numbers with two digits before the decimal will be rounded to an integer as specified by round.
-- Larger numbers will be rounded to a number with only one nonzero digit in front and all other digits zero.
-- Negative sign is preserved and does not count towards word limit.
local function round_for_english(num, round)
	-- If an integer with at most two digits, just return
	if num:find(&quot;^%-?%d?%d%.?$&quot;) then return num end

	local negative = num:find(&quot;^%-&quot;)
	if negative then
		-- We're rounding magnitude so flip it
		if round == 'up' then round = 'down' elseif round == 'down' then round = 'up' end
	end

	-- If at most two digits before decimal, round to integer and return
	local _, _, small_int, trailing_digits, round_digit = num:find(&quot;^%-?(%d?%d?)%.((%d)%d*)$&quot;)
	if small_int then
		if small_int == '' then small_int = '0' end
		if (round == 'up' and trailing_digits:find('[1-9]')) or (round == 'on' and tonumber(round_digit) &gt;= 5) then
			small_int = tostring(tonumber(small_int) + 1)
		end
		return (negative and '-' or '') .. small_int
	end

	-- When rounding up, any number with &gt; 1 nonzero digit will round up (e.g. 1000000.001 rounds up to 2000000)
	local nonzero_digits = 0
	for digit in num:gfind(&quot;[1-9]&quot;) do
		nonzero_digits = nonzero_digits + 1
	end

	num = num:gsub(&quot;%.%d*$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) -- Remove decimal part
	-- Second digit used to determine which way to round lead digit
	local _, _, lead_digit, round_digit, round_digit_2, rest = num:find(&quot;^%-?(%d)(%d)(%d)(%d*)$&quot;)
	if tonumber(lead_digit .. round_digit) &lt; 20 and (1 + #rest) % 3 == 0 then
		-- In English numbers &lt; 20 are one word so put 2 digits in lead and round based on 3rd
		lead_digit = lead_digit .. round_digit
		round_digit = round_digit_2
	else
		rest = round_digit_2 .. rest
	end

	if (round == 'up' and nonzero_digits &gt; 1) or (round == 'on' and tonumber(round_digit) &gt;= 5) then
		lead_digit = tostring(tonumber(lead_digit) + 1)
	end
	-- All digits but lead digit will turn to zero
	rest = rest:gsub(&quot;%d&quot;, &quot;0&quot;)
	return (negative and '-' or '') .. lead_digit .. '0' .. rest
end

local denominators = {
	[2] = { 'half', plural = 'halves' },
	[3] = { 'third' },
	[4] = { 'quarter', us = 'fourth' },
	[5] = { 'fifth' },
	[6] = { 'sixth' },
	[8] = { 'eighth' },
	[9] = { 'ninth' },
	[10] = { 'tenth' },
	[16] = { 'sixteenth' },
}

-- Return status, fraction where:
-- status is a string:
--     &quot;finished&quot; if there is a fraction with no whole number;
--     &quot;ok&quot; if fraction is empty or valid;
--     &quot;unsupported&quot; if bad fraction;
-- fraction is a string giving (numerator / denominator) as English text, or is &quot;&quot;.
-- Only unsigned fractions with a very limited range of values are supported,
-- except that if whole is empty, the numerator can use &quot;-&quot; to indicate negative.
-- whole (string or nil): nil or &quot;&quot; if no number before the fraction
-- numerator (string or nil): numerator, if any (default = 1 if a denominator is given)
-- denominator (string or nil): denominator, if any
-- sp_us (boolean): true if sp=us
-- negative_word (string): word to use for negative sign, if whole is empty
-- use_one (boolean): false: 2+1/2 → &quot;two and a half&quot;; true: &quot;two and one-half&quot;
local function fraction_to_english(whole, numerator, denominator, sp_us, negative_word, use_one)
	if numerator or denominator then
		local finished = (whole == nil or whole == '')
		local sign = ''
		if numerator then
			if finished and numerator:sub(1, 1) == '-' then
				numerator = numerator:sub(2)
				sign = negative_word .. ' '
			end
		else
			numerator = '1'
		end
		if not numerator:match('^%d+$') or not denominator or not denominator:match('^%d+$') then
			return 'unsupported', ''
		end
		numerator = tonumber(numerator)
		denominator = tonumber(denominator)
		local dendata = denominators[denominator]
		if not (dendata and 1 &lt;= numerator and numerator &lt;= 99) then
			return 'unsupported', ''
		end
		local numstr, denstr
		local sep = '-'
		if numerator == 1 then
			denstr = sp_us and dendata.us or dendata[1]
			if finished or use_one then
				numstr = 'one'
			elseif denstr:match('^[aeiou]') then
				numstr = 'an'
				sep = ' '
			else
				numstr = 'a'
				sep = ' '
			end
		else
			numstr = numeral_to_english_less_100(numerator)
			denstr = dendata.plural
			if not denstr then
				denstr = (sp_us and dendata.us or dendata[1]) .. 's'
			end
		end
		if finished then
			return 'finished', sign .. numstr .. sep .. denstr
		end
		return 'ok', ' and ' .. numstr .. sep .. denstr
	end
	return 'ok', ''
end

-- Takes a decimal number and converts it to English text.
-- Return nil if a fraction cannot be converted (only some numbers are supported for fractions).
-- num (string or nil): the number to convert.
--      Can be an arbitrarily large decimal, such as &quot;-123456789123456789.345&quot;, and
--      can use scientific notation (e.g. &quot;1.23E5&quot;).
--      May fail for very large numbers not listed in &quot;groups&quot; such as &quot;1E4000&quot;.
--      num is nil if there is no whole number before a fraction.
-- numerator (string or nil): numerator of fraction (nil if no fraction)
-- denominator (string or nil): denominator of fraction (nil if no fraction)
-- capitalize (boolean): whether to capitalize the result (e.g. 'One' instead of 'one')
-- use_and (boolean): whether to use the word 'and' between tens/ones place and higher places
-- hyphenate (boolean): whether to hyphenate all words in the result, useful for use as an adjective
-- ordinal (boolean): whether to produce an ordinal (e.g. 'first' instead of 'one')
-- plural (boolean): whether to pluralize the resulting number
-- links: nil: do not add any links; 'on': link &quot;billion&quot; and larger to Orders of magnitude article;
--        any other text: list of numbers to link (e.g. &quot;billion,quadrillion&quot;)
-- negative_word: word to use for negative sign (typically 'negative' or 'minus'; nil to use default)
-- round: nil or '': no rounding; 'on': round to nearest two-word number; 'up'/'down': round up/down to two-word number
-- zero: word to use for value '0' (nil to use default)
-- use_one (boolean): false: 2+1/2 → &quot;two and a half&quot;; true: &quot;two and one-half&quot;
local function _numeral_to_english(num, numerator, denominator, capitalize, use_and, hyphenate, ordinal, plural, links, negative_word, round, zero, use_one)
	if not negative_word then
		if use_and then
			-- TODO Should 'minus' be used when do not have sp=us?
			--      If so, need to update testcases, and need to fix &quot;minus zero&quot;.
			-- negative_word = 'minus'
			negative_word = 'negative'
		else
			negative_word = 'negative'
		end
	end
	local status, fraction_text = fraction_to_english(num, numerator, denominator, not use_and, negative_word, use_one)
	if status == 'unsupported' then
		return nil
	end
	if status == 'finished' then
		-- Input is a fraction with no whole number.
		-- Hack to avoid executing stuff that depends on num being a number.
		local s = fraction_text
		if hyphenate then s = s:gsub(&quot;%s&quot;, &quot;-&quot;) end
		if capitalize then s = s:gsub(&quot;^%l&quot;, string.upper) end
		return s
	end
	num = scientific_notation_to_decimal(num)
	if round and round ~= '' then
		if round ~= 'on' and round ~= 'up' and round ~= 'down' then
			error(&quot;Invalid rounding mode&quot;)
		end
		num = round_for_english(num, round)
	end

	-- Separate into negative sign, num (digits before decimal), decimal_places (digits after decimal)
	local MINUS = '−'  -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN (may be in values from [[Module:Convert]])
	if num:sub(1, #MINUS) == MINUS then
		num = '-' .. num:sub(#MINUS + 1)  -- replace MINUS with '-'
	elseif num:sub(1, 1) == '+' then
		num = num:sub(2)  -- ignore any '+'
	end
	local negative = num:find(&quot;^%-&quot;)
	local decimal_places, subs = num:gsub(&quot;^%-?%d*%.(%d+)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
	if subs == 0 then decimal_places = nil end
	num, subs = num:gsub(&quot;^%-?(%d*)%.?%d*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
	if num == '' and decimal_places then num = '0' end
	if subs == 0 or num == '' then error(&quot;Invalid decimal numeral&quot;) end

	-- For each group of 3 digits except the last one, print with appropriate group name (e.g. million)
	local s = ''
	while #num &gt; 3 do
		if s ~= '' then s = s .. ' ' end
		local group_num = math.floor((#num - 1) / 3)
		local group = groups[group_num]
		local group_digits = #num - group_num*3
		s = s .. numeral_to_english_less_1000(num:sub(1, group_digits), false, false, false, zero) .. ' '
		if links and (((links == 'on' and group_num &gt;= 3) or links:find(group)) and group_num &lt;= 13) then
			s = s .. '[[Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10' .. group_num*3 .. '|' .. group .. ']]'
		else
			s = s .. group
		end
		num = num:sub(1 + group_digits)
		num = num:gsub(&quot;^0*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)  -- Trim leading zeros
	end

	-- Handle final three digits of integer part
	if s ~= '' and num ~= '' then
		if #num &lt;= 2 and use_and then
			s = s .. ' and '
		else
			s = s .. ' '
		end
	end
	if s == '' or num ~= '' then
		s = s .. numeral_to_english_less_1000(num, use_and, ordinal, plural, zero)
	elseif ordinal or plural then
		-- Round numbers like &quot;one million&quot; take standard suffixes for ordinal/plural
		s = s .. standard_suffix(ordinal, plural)
	end

	-- For decimal places (if any) output &quot;point&quot; followed by spelling out digit by digit
	if decimal_places then
		s = s .. ' point'
		for i = 1, #decimal_places do
			s = s .. ' ' .. ones_position[tonumber(decimal_places:sub(i,i))]
		end
	end

	s = s:gsub(&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)   -- Trim whitespace
	if ordinal and plural then s = s .. 's' end  -- s suffix works for all ordinals
	if negative and s ~= zero then s = negative_word .. ' ' .. s end
	s = s:gsub(&quot;negative zero&quot;, &quot;zero&quot;)
	s = s .. fraction_text
	if hyphenate then s = s:gsub(&quot;%s&quot;, &quot;-&quot;) end
	if capitalize then s = s:gsub(&quot;^%l&quot;, string.upper) end
	return s
end

local p = {  -- functions that can be called from another module
	roman_to_numeral = roman_to_numeral,
	spell_number = _numeral_to_english,
}

function p.numeral_to_english(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	local num = args[1]
	num = num:gsub(&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)   -- Trim whitespace
	num = num:gsub(&quot;,&quot;, &quot;&quot;)   -- Remove commas
	num = num:gsub(&quot;^&lt;span[^&lt;&gt;]*&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;) -- Generated by Template:age
	if num ~= '' then  -- a fraction may have an empty whole number
		if not num:find(&quot;^%-?%d*%.?%d*%-?[Ee]?[+%-]?%d*$&quot;) then
			-- Input not in a valid format, try to pass it through #expr to see
			-- if that produces a number (e.g. &quot;3 + 5&quot; will become &quot;8&quot;).
			num = frame:preprocess('{{#expr: ' .. num .. '}}')
		end
	end

	-- Pass args from frame to helper function
	return _numeral_to_english(
		num,
		args['numerator'],
		args['denominator'],
		args['case'] == 'U' or args['case'] == 'u',
		args['sp'] ~= 'us',
		args['adj'] == 'on',
		args['ord'] == 'on',
		args['pl'] == 'on',
		args['lk'],
		args['negative'],
		args['round'],
		args['zero'],
		args['one'] == 'one'  -- experiment: using '|one=one' makes fraction 2+1/2 give &quot;two and one-half&quot; instead of &quot;two and a half&quot;
	) or ''
end

---- recursive function for p.decToHex
local function decToHexDigit(dec)
	local dig = {&quot;0&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;2&quot;,&quot;3&quot;,&quot;4&quot;,&quot;5&quot;,&quot;6&quot;,&quot;7&quot;,&quot;8&quot;,&quot;9&quot;,&quot;A&quot;,&quot;B&quot;,&quot;C&quot;,&quot;D&quot;,&quot;E&quot;,&quot;F&quot;}
	local div = math.floor(dec/16)
	local mod = dec-(16*div)
	if div &gt;= 1 then return decToHexDigit(div)..dig[mod+1] else return dig[mod+1] end
end -- I think this is supposed to be done with a tail call but first I want something that works at all
---- finds all the decimal numbers in the input text and hexes each of them
function p.decToHex(frame)
	local args=frame.args
	local parent=frame.getParent(frame)
	local pargs={}
	if parent then pargs=parent.args end
	local text=args[1] or pargs[1] or &quot;&quot;
	local minlength=args.minlength or pargs.minlength or 1
	minlength=tonumber(minlength)
	local prowl=mw.ustring.gmatch(text,&quot;(.-)(%d+)&quot;)
	local output=&quot;&quot;
	repeat
		local chaff,dec=prowl()
		if not(dec) then break end
		local hex=decToHexDigit(dec)
		while (mw.ustring.len(hex)&lt;minlength) do hex=&quot;0&quot;..hex end
		output=output..chaff..hex
	until false
	local chaff=mw.ustring.match(text,&quot;(%D+)$&quot;) or &quot;&quot;
	return output..chaff
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>m4kzfq2hqt57ec91lume1xhwvofx79d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Convert/wikidata</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5551</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32062</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T18:04:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32062</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="16939" sha1="6446221x1ioigjquegx9yz52zwxrdod" xml:space="preserve">-- Functions to access Wikidata for Module:Convert.

local Collection = {}
Collection.__index = Collection
do
	function Collection:add(item)
		if item ~= nil then
			self.n = self.n + 1
			self[self.n] = item
		end
	end
	function Collection:join(sep)
		return table.concat(self, sep)
	end
	function Collection:remove(pos)
		if self.n &gt; 0 and (pos == nil or (0 &lt; pos and pos &lt;= self.n)) then
			self.n = self.n - 1
			return table.remove(self, pos)
		end
	end
	function Collection:sort(comp)
		table.sort(self, comp)
	end
	function Collection.new()
		return setmetatable({n = 0}, Collection)
	end
end

local function strip_to_nil(text)
	-- If text is a non-empty string, return its trimmed content,
	-- otherwise return nothing (empty string or not a string).
	if type(text) == 'string' then
		return text:match('(%S.-)%s*$')
	end
end

local function frequency_unit(value, unit_table)
	-- For use when converting m to Hz.
	-- Return true, s where s = name of unit's default output unit,
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	-- However, for simplicity a valid result is always returned.
	local unit
	if unit_table._symbol == 'm' then
		-- c = speed of light in a vacuum = 299792458 m/s
		-- frequency = c / wavelength
		local w = value * (unit_table.scale or 1)
		local f = 299792458 / w  -- if w == 0, f = math.huge which works here
		if f &gt;= 1e12 then
			unit = 'THz'
		elseif f &gt;= 1e9 then
			unit = 'GHz'
		elseif f &gt;= 1e6 then
			unit = 'MHz'
		elseif f &gt;= 1e3 then
			unit = 'kHz'
		else
			unit = 'Hz'
		end
	end
	return true, unit or 'Hz'
end

local function wavelength_unit(value, unit_table)
	-- Like frequency_unit but for use when converting Hz to m.
	local unit
	if unit_table._symbol == 'Hz' then
		-- Using 0.9993 rather than 1 avoids rounding which would give results
		-- like converting 300 MHz to 100 cm instead of 1 m.
		local w = 1 / (value * (unit_table.scale or 1))  -- Hz scale is inverted
		if w &gt;= 0.9993e6 then
			unit = 'Mm'
		elseif w &gt;= 0.9993e3 then
			unit = 'km'
		elseif w &gt;= 0.9993 then
			unit = 'm'
		elseif w &gt;= 0.9993e-2 then
			unit = 'cm'
		elseif w &gt;= 0.9993e-3 then
			unit = 'mm'
		else
			unit = 'um'
		end
	end
	return true, unit or 'm'
end

local specials = {
	frequency = { frequency_unit },
	wavelength = { wavelength_unit },
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	-- Following is a removed experiment to show two values as a range
	-- using '-' as the separator.
	-- frequencyrange = { frequency_unit, '-' },
	-- wavelengthrange = { wavelength_unit, '-' },
}

local function make_unit(units, parms, uid)
	-- Return a unit code for convert or nil if unit unknown.
	-- If necessary, add a dummy unit to parms so convert will use it
	-- for the input without attempting a conversion since nothing
	-- useful is available (for example, with unit volt).
	local unit = units[uid]
	if type(unit) ~= 'table' then
		return nil
	end
	local ucode = unit.ucode
	if ucode and not unit.si then
		return ucode                -- a unit known to convert
	end
	parms.opt_ignore_error = true
	ucode = ucode or unit._ucode    -- must be a non-empty string
	local ukey, utable
	if unit.si then
		local base = units[unit.si]
		ukey = base.symbol          -- must be a non-empty string
		local n1 = base.name1
		local n2 = base.name2
		if not n1 then
			n1 = ukey
			n2 = n2 or n1           -- do not append 's'
		end
		utable = {
			_symbol = ukey,
			_name1 = n1,
			_name2 = n2,
			link = unit.link or base.link,
			utype = n1,
			prefixes = 1,
		}
	else
		ukey = ucode
		utable = {
			symbol = ucode,         -- must be a non-empty string
			name1 = unit.name1,     -- if nil, uses symbol
			name2 = unit.name2,     -- if nil, uses name1..'s'
			link = unit.link,       -- if nil, uses name1
			utype = unit.name1 or ucode,
		}
	end
	utable.scale = 1
	utable.default = ''
	utable.defkey = ''
	utable.linkey = ''
	utable.bad_mcode = ''
	parms.unittable = { [ukey] = utable }
	return ucode
end

local function matches_qualifier(statement, qual)
	-- Return:
	--   false, nil : if statement does not match specification
	--   true, nil  : if matches, and statement has no qualifier
	--   true, sq   : if matches, where sq is the statement's qualifier
	-- A match means that no qualifier was specified (qual == nil), or that
	-- the statement has a qualifier matching the specification.
	-- If a match occurs, the caller needs the statement's qualifier (if any)
	-- so statements that duplicate the qualifier are not used, after the first.
	-- Then, if convert is showing all values for a property such as the diameter
	-- of a telescope's mirror (diameters of primary and secondary mirrors), it
	-- will not show alternative values that could in principle be present for the
	-- same item (telescope) and property (diameter) and qualifier (primary/secondary).
	local target = (statement.qualifiers or {}).P518  -- P518 is &quot;applies to part&quot;
	if type(target) == 'table' then
		for _, q in ipairs(target) do
			if type(q) == 'table' then
				local value = (q.datavalue or {}).value
				if value then
					if qual == nil or qual == value.id then
						return true, value.id
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
	if qual == nil then
		return true, nil  -- only occurs if statement has no qualifier
	end
	return false, nil  -- statement's qualifier is not relevant because statement will be skipped
end

local function get_statements(parms, pid)
	-- Get specified item and return a list of tables with each statement for property pid.
	-- Each table is of form {statqual=sq, stmt=statement} where sq = statement qualifier (nil if none).
	-- Statements are in Wikidata's order except that those with preferred rank
	-- are first, then normal rank. Any other rank is ignored.
	local stored = {}  -- qualifiers of statements that are first for the qualifier, and will be returned
	local qid = strip_to_nil(parms.qid)  -- nil for current page's item, or an item id (expensive)
	local qual = strip_to_nil(parms.qual)  -- nil or id of wanted P518 (applies to part) item in qualifiers
	local result = Collection.new()
	local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid)
	if type(entity) == 'table' then
		local statements = (entity.claims or {})[pid]
		if type(statements) == 'table' then
			for _, rank in ipairs({ 'preferred', 'normal' }) do
				for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do
					if type(statement) == 'table' and rank == statement.rank then
						local is_match, statqual = matches_qualifier(statement, qual)
						if is_match then
							result:add({ statqual = statqual, stmt = statement })
						end
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return result
end

local function input_from_property(tdata, parms, pid)
	-- Given that pid is a Wikidata property identifier like 'P123',
	-- return a collection of {amount, ucode} pairs (two strings)
	-- for each matching item/property, or return nothing.
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	-- There appear to be few restrictions on how Wikidata is organized so it is
	-- very likely that any decision a module makes about how to handle data
	-- will be wrong for some cases at some time. This meets current requirements.
	-- For each qualifier (or if no qualitifer), if there are any preferred
	-- statements, use them and ignore any normal statements.
	-- For each qualifier, for the preferred statements if any, or for
	-- the normal statements (but not both):
	-- * Accept each statement if it has no qualifier (this will not occur
	--   if qual=x is specified because other code already ensures that in that
	--   case, only statements with a qualifier matching x are considered).
	-- * Ignore any statements after the first if it has a qualifier.
	-- The rationale is that for the diameter at [[South Pole Telescope]], want
	-- convert to show the diameters for both the primary and secondary mirrors
	-- if the convert does not specify which diameter is wanted.
	-- However, if convert is given the wanted qualifier, only one value
	-- (_the_ diameter) is wanted. For simplicity/consistency, that is also done
	-- even if no qual=x is specified. Unclear what should happen.
	-- For the wavelength at [[Nançay Radio Telescope]], want to show all three
	-- values, and the values have no qualifiers.
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	local result = Collection.new()
	local done = {}
	local skip_normal
	for _, t in ipairs(get_statements(parms, pid)) do
		local statement = t.stmt
		if statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datatype == 'quantity' then
			local value = (statement.mainsnak.datavalue or {}).value
			if value then
				local amount = value.amount
				if amount then
					amount = tostring(amount)  -- in case amount is ever a number
					if amount:sub(1, 1) == '+' then
						amount = amount:sub(2)
					end
					local unit = value.unit
					if type(unit) == 'string' then
						unit = unit:match('Q%d+$')  -- unit item id is at end of URL
						local ucode = make_unit(tdata.wikidata_units, parms, unit)
						if ucode then
							local skip
							if t.statqual then
								if done[t.statqual] then
									skip = true
								else
									done[t.statqual] = true
								end
							else
								if statement.rank == 'preferred' then
									skip_normal = true
								elseif skip_normal then
									skip = true
								end
							end
							if not skip then
								result:add({ amount, ucode })
							end
						end
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return result
end

local function input_from_text(tdata, parms, text, insert2)
	-- Given string should be of form &quot;&lt;value&gt;&lt;space&gt;&lt;unit&gt;&quot; or
	-- &quot;&lt;value1&gt;&lt;space&gt;ft&lt;space&gt;&lt;value2&gt;&lt;space&gt;in&quot; for a special case (feet and inches).
	-- Return true if values/units were extracted and inserted, or return nothing.
	text = text:gsub('&amp;nbsp;', ' '):gsub('%s+', ' ')
	local pos = text:find(' ', 1, true)
	if pos then
		-- Leave checking of value to convert which can handle fractions.
		local value = text:sub(1, pos - 1)
		local uid = text:sub(pos + 1)
		if uid:sub(1, 3) == 'ft ' and uid:sub(-3) == ' in' then
			-- Special case for enwiki to allow {{convert|input=5 ft 10+1/2 in}}
			insert2(uid:sub(4, -4), 'in')
			insert2(value, 'ft')
		else
			insert2(value, make_unit(tdata.wikidata_units, parms, uid) or uid)
		end
		return true
	end
end

local function adjustparameters(tdata, parms, index)
	-- For Module:Convert, adjust parms (a table of {{convert}} parameters).
	-- Return true if successful or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	-- This is intended mainly for use in infoboxes where the input might be
	--    &lt;value&gt;&lt;space&gt;&lt;unit&gt;    or
	--    &lt;wikidata-property-id&gt;
	-- If successful, insert values and units in parms, before given index.
	local text = parms.input  -- should be a trimmed, non-empty string
	local pid = text:match('^P%d+$')
	local sep = ','
	local special = specials[parms[index]]
	if special then
		parms.out_unit = special[1]
		sep = special[2] or sep
		table.remove(parms, index)
	end
	local function quit()
		return false, pid and { 'cvt_no_output' } or { 'cvt_bad_input', text }
	end
	local function insert2(first, second)
		table.insert(parms, index, second)
		table.insert(parms, index, first)
	end
	if pid then
		parms.input_text = ''  -- output an empty string if an error occurs
		local result = input_from_property(tdata, parms, pid)
		if result.n == 0 then
			return quit()
		end
		local ucode
		for i, t in ipairs(result) do
			-- Convert requires each input unit to be identical.
			if i == 1 then
				ucode = t[2]
			elseif ucode ~= t[2] then
				return quit()
			end
		end
		local item = ucode
		if item == parms[index] then
			-- Remove specified output unit if it is the same as the Wikidata unit.
			-- For example, {{convert|input=P2044|km}} with property &quot;12 km&quot;.
			table.remove(parms, index)
		end
		for i = result.n, 1, -1 do
			insert2(result[i][1], item)
			item = sep
		end
		return true
	else
		if input_from_text(tdata, parms, text, insert2) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return quit()
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- List units and check syntax of definitions ---------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
local specifications = {
	-- seq = sequence in which fields are displayed
	base = {
		title = 'SI base units',
		fields = {
			symbol = { seq = 2, mandatory = true },
			name1  = { seq = 3, mandatory = true },
			name2  = { seq = 4 },
			link   = { seq = 5 },
		},
		noteseq = 6,
		header = '{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;\n!si !!symbol !!name1 !!name2 !!link !!note',
		item = '|-\n|%s ||%s ||%s ||%s ||%s ||%s',
		footer = '|}',
	},
	alias = {
		title = 'Aliases for convert',
		fields = {
			ucode  = { seq = 2, mandatory = true },
			si     = { seq = 3 },
		},
		noteseq = 4,
		header = '{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;\n!alias !!ucode !!base !!note',
		item = '|-\n|%s ||%s ||%s ||%s',
		footer = '|}',
	},
	known = {
		title = 'Units known to convert',
		fields = {
			ucode  = { seq = 2, mandatory = true },
			label  = { seq = 3, mandatory = true },
		},
		noteseq = 4,
		header = '{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;\n!qid !!ucode !!label !!note',
		item = '|-\n|%s ||%s ||%s ||%s',
		footer = '|}',
	},
	unknown = {
		title = 'Units not known to convert',
		fields = {
			_ucode = { seq = 2, mandatory = true },
			si     = { seq = 3 },
			name1  = { seq = 4 },
			name2  = { seq = 5 },
			link   = { seq = 6 },
			label  = { seq = 7, mandatory = true },
		},
		noteseq = 8,
		header = '{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;\n!qid !!_ucode !!base !!name1 !!name2 !!link !!label !!note',
		item = '|-\n|%s ||%s ||%s ||%s ||%s ||%s ||%s ||%s',
		footer = '|}',
	},
}

local function listunits(tdata, ulookup)
	-- For Module:Convert, make wikitext to list the built-in Wikidata units.
	-- Return true, wikitext if successful or return false, t where t is an
	-- error message table. Currently, an error return never occurs.
	-- The syntax of each unit definition is checked and a note is added if
	-- a problem is detected.
	local function safe_cells(t)
		-- This is not currently needed, but in case definitions ever use wikitext
		-- like '[[kilogram|kg]]', escape the text so it works in a table cell.
		local result = {}
		for i, v in ipairs(t) do
			if v:find('|', 1, true) then
				v = v:gsub('(%[%[[^%[%]]-)|(.-%]%])', '%1\0%2')  -- replace pipe in piped link with a zero byte
				v = v:gsub('|', '&amp;#124;')                        -- escape '|'
				v = v:gsub('%z', '|')                            -- restore pipe in piped link
			end
			result[i] = v:gsub('{', '&amp;#123;')                    -- escape '{'
		end
		return unpack(result)
	end
	local wdunits = tdata.wikidata_units
	local speckeys = { 'base', 'alias', 'unknown', 'known' }
	for _, sid in ipairs(speckeys) do
		specifications[sid].units = Collection.new()
	end
	local keys = Collection.new()
	for k, v in pairs(wdunits) do
		keys:add(k)
	end
	table.sort(keys)
	local note_count = 0
	for _, key in ipairs(keys) do
		local unit = wdunits[key]
		local ktext, sid
		if key:match('^Q%d+$') then
			ktext = '[[d:' .. key .. '|' .. key .. ']]'
			if unit.ucode then
				sid = 'known'
			else
				sid = 'unknown'
			end
		elseif unit.ucode then
			ktext = key
			sid = 'alias'
		else
			ktext = key
			sid = 'base'
		end
		local result = { ktext }
		local spec = specifications[sid]
		local fields = spec.fields
		local note = Collection.new()
		for k, v in pairs(unit) do
			if fields[k] then
				local seq = fields[k].seq
				if result[seq] then
					note:add('duplicate ' .. k)  -- cannot happen since keys are unique
				else
					result[seq] = v
				end
			else
				note:add('invalid ' .. k)
			end
		end
		for k, v in pairs(fields) do
			local value = result[v.seq]
			if value then
				if k == 'si' and not wdunits[value] then
					note:add('need si ' .. value)
				end
				if k == 'label' then
					local wdl = mw.wikibase.label(key)
					if wdl ~= value then
						note:add('label changed to ' .. tostring(wdl))
					end
				end
			else
				result[v.seq] = ''
				if v.mandatory then
					note:add('missing ' .. k)
				end
			end
		end
		local text
		if note.n &gt; 0 then
			note_count = note_count + 1
			text = '*' .. note:join('&lt;br /&gt;')
		end
		result[spec.noteseq] = text or ''
		spec.units:add(result)
	end
	local results = Collection.new()
	if note_count &gt; 0 then
		local text = note_count .. (note_count == 1 and ' note' or ' notes')
		results:add(&quot;'''Search for * to see &quot; .. text .. &quot;'''\n&quot;)
	end
	for _, sid in ipairs(speckeys) do
		local spec = specifications[sid]
		results:add(&quot;'''&quot; .. spec.title .. &quot;'''&quot;)
		results:add(spec.header)
		local fmt = spec.item
		for _, unit in ipairs(spec.units) do
			results:add(string.format(fmt, safe_cells(unit)))
		end
		results:add(spec.footer)
	end
	return true, results:join('\n')
end

return { _adjustparameters = adjustparameters, _listunits = listunits }</text>
      <sha1>6446221x1ioigjquegx9yz52zwxrdod</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Convert</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5552</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32063</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T18:39:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Module based on English wiki version</comment>
      <origin>32063</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="134597" sha1="40e4xlytrxxerkx5e3rkboagpgv9fwv" xml:space="preserve">-- Convert a value from one unit of measurement to another.
-- Example: {{convert|123|lb|kg}} --&gt; 123 pounds (56 kg)
-- See [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] if copying to another wiki.

local MINUS = '−'  -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN (UTF-8: e2 88 92)
local abs = math.abs
local floor = math.floor
local format = string.format
local log10 = math.log10
local ustring = mw.ustring
local ulen = ustring.len
local usub = ustring.sub

-- Configuration options to keep magic values in one location.
-- Conversion data and message text are defined in separate modules.
local config, maxsigfig
local numdot  -- must be '.' or ',' or a character which works in a regex
local numsep, numsep_remove, numsep_remove2
local data_code, all_units
local text_code
local varname        -- can be a code to use variable names that depend on value
local from_en_table  -- to translate an output string of en digits to local language
local to_en_table    -- to translate an input string of digits in local language to en
-- Use translation_table in convert/text to change the following.
local en_default           -- true uses lang=en unless convert has lang=local or local digits
local group_method = 3     -- code for how many digits are in a group
local per_word = 'per'     -- for units like &quot;liters per kilometer&quot;
local plural_suffix = 's'  -- only other useful value is probably '' to disable plural unit names
local omitsep              -- true to omit separator before local symbol/name

-- All units should be defined in the data module. However, to cater for quick changes
-- and experiments, any unknown unit is looked up in an extra data module, if it exists.
-- That module would be transcluded in only a small number of pages, so there should be
-- little server overhead from making changes, and changes should propagate quickly.
local extra_module  -- name of module with extra units
local extra_units   -- nil or table of extra units from extra_module

-- Some options in the invoking template can set variables used later in the module.
local currency_text  -- for a user-defined currency symbol: {{convert|12|$/ha|$=€}} (euro replaces dollar)

local function from_en(text)
	-- Input is a string representing a number in en digits with '.' decimal mark,
	-- without digit grouping (which is done just after calling this).
	-- Return the translation of the string with numdot and digits in local language.
	if numdot ~= '.' then
		text = text:gsub('%.', numdot)
	end
	if from_en_table then
		text = text:gsub('%d', from_en_table)
	end
	return text
end

local function to_en(text)
	-- Input is a string representing a number in the local language with
	-- an optional numdot decimal mark and numsep digit grouping.
	-- Return the translation of the string with '.' mark and en digits,
	-- and no separators (they have to be removed here to handle cases like
	-- numsep = '.' and numdot = ',' with input &quot;1.234.567,8&quot;).
	if to_en_table then
		text = ustring.gsub(text, '%d', to_en_table)
	end
	if numsep_remove then
		text = text:gsub(numsep_remove, '')
	end
	if numsep_remove2 then
		text = text:gsub(numsep_remove2, '')
	end
	if numdot ~= '.' then
		text = text:gsub(numdot, '.')
	end
	return text
end

local function decimal_mark(text)
	-- Return ',' if text probably is using comma for decimal mark, or has no decimal mark.
	-- Return '.' if text probably is using dot for decimal mark.
	-- Otherwise return nothing (decimal mark not known).
	if not text:find('[.,]') then return ',' end
	text = text:gsub('^%-', ''):gsub('%+%d+/%d+$', ''):gsub('[Ee]%-?%d+$', '')
	local decimal =
		text:match('^0?([.,])%d+$') or
		text:match('%d([.,])%d?%d?$') or
		text:match('%d([.,])%d%d%d%d+$')
	if decimal then return decimal end
	if text:match('%.%d+%.') then return ',' end
	if text:match('%,%d+,') then return '.' end
end

local add_warning, with_separator  -- forward declarations
local function to_en_with_check(text, parms)
	-- Version of to_en() for a wiki using numdot = ',' and numsep = '.' to check
	-- text (an input number as a string) which might have been copied from enwiki.
	-- For example, in '1.234' the '.' could be a decimal mark or a group separator.
	-- From viwiki.
	if to_en_table then
		text = ustring.gsub(text, '%d', to_en_table)
	end
	if decimal_mark(text) == '.' then
		local original = text
		text = text:gsub(',', '')  -- for example, interpret &quot;1,234.5&quot; as an enwiki value
		if parms then
			add_warning(parms, 0, 'cvt_enwiki_num', original, with_separator({}, text))
		end
	else
		if numsep_remove then
			text = text:gsub(numsep_remove, '')
		end
		if numsep_remove2 then
			text = text:gsub(numsep_remove2, '')
		end
		if numdot ~= '.' then
			text = text:gsub(numdot, '.')
		end
	end
	return text
end

local function omit_separator(id)
	-- Return true if there should be no separator before id (a unit symbol or name).
	-- For zhwiki, there should be no separator if id uses local characters.
	-- The following kludge should be a sufficient test.
	if omitsep then
		if id:sub(1, 2) == '-{' then  -- for &quot;-{...}-&quot; content language variant
			return true
		end
		if id:byte() &gt; 127 then
			local first = usub(id, 1, 1)
			if first ~= 'Å' and first ~= '°' and first ~= 'µ' then
				return true
			end
		end
	end
	return id:sub(1, 1) == '/'  -- no separator before units like &quot;/ha&quot;
end

local spell_module  -- name of module that can spell numbers
local speller       -- function from that module to handle spelling (set if needed)
local wikidata_module, wikidata_data_module  -- names of Wikidata modules
local wikidata_code, wikidata_data  -- exported tables from those modules (set if needed)

local function set_config(args)
	-- Set configuration options from template #invoke or defaults.
	config = args
	maxsigfig = config.maxsigfig or 14  -- maximum number of significant figures
	local data_module, text_module
	local sandbox = config.sandbox and ('/' .. config.sandbox) or ''
	data_module = &quot;Module:Convert/data&quot; .. sandbox
	text_module = &quot;Module:Convert/text&quot; .. sandbox
	extra_module = &quot;Module:Convert/extra&quot; .. sandbox
	wikidata_module = &quot;Module:Convert/wikidata&quot; .. sandbox
	wikidata_data_module = &quot;Module:Convert/wikidata/data&quot; .. sandbox
	spell_module = &quot;Module:ConvertNumeric&quot;
	data_code = mw.loadData(data_module)
	text_code = mw.loadData(text_module)
	all_units = data_code.all_units
	local translation = text_code.translation_table
	if translation then
		numdot = translation.numdot
		numsep = translation.numsep
		if numdot == ',' and numsep == '.' then
			if text_code.all_messages.cvt_enwiki_num then
				to_en = to_en_with_check
			end
		end
		if translation.group then
			group_method = translation.group
		end
		if translation.per_word then
			per_word = translation.per_word
		end
		if translation.plural_suffix then
			plural_suffix = translation.plural_suffix
		end
		varname = translation.varname
		from_en_table = translation.from_en
		local use_workaround = true
		if use_workaround then
			-- 2013-07-05 workaround bug by making a copy of the required table.
			-- mw.ustring.gsub fails with a table (to_en_table) as the replacement,
			-- if the table is accessed via mw.loadData.
			local source = translation.to_en
			if source then
				to_en_table = {}
				for k, v in pairs(source) do
					to_en_table[k] = v
				end
			end
		else
			to_en_table = translation.to_en
		end
		if translation.lang == 'en default' then
			en_default = true  -- for hiwiki
		end
		omitsep = translation.omitsep  -- for zhwiki
	end
	numdot = config.numdot or numdot or '.'  -- decimal mark before fractional digits
	numsep = config.numsep or numsep or ','  -- group separator for numbers
	-- numsep should be ',' or '.' or '' or '&amp;nbsp;' or a Unicode character.
	-- numsep_remove must work in a regex to identify separators to be removed.
	if numsep ~= '' then
		numsep_remove = (numsep == '.') and '%.' or numsep
	end
	if numsep ~= ',' and numdot ~= ',' then
		numsep_remove2 = ','  -- so numbers copied from enwiki will work
	end
end

local function collection()
	-- Return a table to hold items.
	return {
		n = 0,
		add = function (self, item)
			self.n = self.n + 1
			self[self.n] = item
		end,
	}
end

local function divide(numerator, denominator)
	-- Return integers quotient, remainder resulting from dividing the two
	-- given numbers, which should be unsigned integers.
	local quotient, remainder = floor(numerator / denominator), numerator % denominator
	if not (0 &lt;= remainder and remainder &lt; denominator) then
		-- Floating point limits may need this, as in {{convert|160.02|Ym|ydftin}}.
		remainder = 0
	end
	return quotient, remainder
end

local function split(text, delimiter)
	-- Return a numbered table with fields from splitting text.
	-- The delimiter is used in a regex without escaping (for example, '.' would fail).
	-- Each field has any leading/trailing whitespace removed.
	local t = {}
	text = text .. delimiter  -- to get last item
	for item in text:gmatch('%s*(.-)%s*' .. delimiter) do
		table.insert(t, item)
	end
	return t
end

local function strip(text)
	-- If text is a string, return its content with no leading/trailing
	-- whitespace. Otherwise return nil (a nil argument gives a nil result).
	if type(text) == 'string' then
		return text:match(&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;)
	end
end

local function table_len(t)
	-- Return length (&lt;100) of a numbered table to replace #t which is
	-- documented to not work if t is accessed via mw.loadData().
	for i = 1, 100 do
		if t[i] == nil then
			return i - 1
		end
	end
end

local function wanted_category(catkey, catsort, want_warning)
	-- Return message category if it is wanted in current namespace,
	-- otherwise return ''.
	local cat
	local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	if title then
		local nsdefault = '0'  -- default namespace: '0' = article; '0,10' = article and template
		local namespace = title.namespace
		for _, v in ipairs(split(config.nscat or nsdefault, ',')) do
			if namespace == tonumber(v) then
				cat = text_code.all_categories[want_warning and 'warning' or catkey]
				if catsort and catsort ~= '' and cat:sub(-2) == ']]' then
					cat = cat:sub(1, -3) .. '|' .. mw.text.nowiki(usub(catsort, 1, 20)) .. ']]'
				end
				break
			end
		end
	end
	return cat or ''
end

local function message(parms, mcode, is_warning)
	-- Return wikitext for an error message, including category if specified
	-- for the message type.
	-- mcode = numbered table specifying the message:
	--    mcode[1] = 'cvt_xxx' (string used as a key to get message info)
	--    mcode[2] = 'parm1' (string to replace '$1' if any in message)
	--    mcode[3] = 'parm2' (string to replace '$2' if any in message)
	--    mcode[4] = 'parm3' (string to replace '$3' if any in message)
	local msg
	if type(mcode) == 'table' then
		if mcode[1] == 'cvt_no_output' then
			-- Some errors should cause convert to output an empty string,
			-- for example, for an optional field in an infobox.
			return ''
		end
		msg = text_code.all_messages[mcode[1]]
	end
	parms.have_problem = true
	local function subparm(fmt, ...)
		local rep = {}
		for i, v in ipairs({...}) do
			rep['$' .. i] = v
		end
		return (fmt:gsub('$%d+', rep))
	end
	if msg then
		local parts = {}
		local regex, replace = msg.regex, msg.replace
		for i = 1, 3 do
			local limit = 40
			local s = mcode[i + 1]
			if s then
				if regex and replace then
					s = s:gsub(regex, replace)
					limit = nil  -- allow long &quot;should be&quot; messages
				end
				-- Escape user input so it does not break the message.
				-- To avoid tags (like {{convert|1&lt;math&gt;23&lt;/math&gt;|m}}) breaking
				-- the mouseover title, any strip marker starting with char(127) is
				-- replaced with '...' (text not needing i18n).
				local append
				local pos = s:find(string.char(127), 1, true)
				if pos then
					append = '...'
					s = s:sub(1, pos - 1)
				end
				if limit and ulen(s) &gt; limit then
					s = usub(s, 1, limit)
					append = '...'
				end
				s = mw.text.nowiki(s) .. (append or '')
			else
				s = '?'
			end
			parts['$' .. i] = s
		end
		local function ispreview()
			-- Return true if a prominent message should be shown.
			if parms.test == 'preview' or parms.test == 'nopreview' then
				-- For testing, can preview a real message or simulate a preview
				-- when running automated tests.
				return parms.test == 'preview'
			end
			local success, revid = pcall(function ()
				return (parms.frame):preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') end)
			return success and (revid == '')
		end
		local want_warning = is_warning and
			not config.warnings and  -- show unobtrusive warnings if config.warnings not configured
			not msg.nowarn           -- but use msg settings, not standard warning, if specified
		local title = string.gsub(msg[1] or 'Missing message', '$%d+', parts)
		local text = want_warning and '*' or msg[2] or 'Missing message'
		local cat = wanted_category(msg[3], mcode[2], want_warning)
		local anchor = msg[4] or ''
		local fmtkey = ispreview() and 'cvt_format_preview' or
			(want_warning and 'cvt_format2' or msg.format or 'cvt_format')
		local fmt = text_code.all_messages[fmtkey] or 'convert: bug'
		return subparm(fmt, title:gsub('&quot;', '&amp;quot;'), text, cat, anchor)
	end
	return 'Convert internal error: unknown message'
end

function add_warning(parms, level, key, text1, text2)  -- for forward declaration above
	-- If enabled, add a warning that will be displayed after the convert result.
	-- A higher level is more verbose: more kinds of warnings are displayed.
	-- To reduce output noise, only the first warning is displayed.
	if level &lt;= (tonumber(config.warnings) or 1) then
		if parms.warnings == nil then
			parms.warnings = message(parms, { key, text1, text2 }, true)
		end
	end
end

local function spell_number(parms, inout, number, numerator, denominator)
	-- Return result of spelling (number, numerator, denominator), or
	-- return nil if spelling is not available or not supported for given text.
	-- Examples (each value must be a string or nil):
	--   number  numerator  denominator  output
	--   ------  ---------  -----------  -------------------
	--   &quot;1.23&quot;    nil        nil        one point two three
	--    &quot;1&quot;      &quot;2&quot;        &quot;3&quot;        one and two thirds
	--    nil      &quot;2&quot;        &quot;3&quot;        two thirds
	if not speller then
		local function get_speller(module)
			return require(module).spell_number
		end
		local success
		success, speller = pcall(get_speller, spell_module)
		if not success or type(speller) ~= 'function' then
			add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_no_spell', 'spell')
			return nil
		end
	end
	local case
	if parms.spell_upper == inout then
		case = true
		parms.spell_upper = nil  -- only uppercase first word in a multiple unit
	end
	local sp = not parms.opt_sp_us
	local adj = parms.opt_adjectival
	return speller(number, numerator, denominator, case, sp, adj)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- BEGIN: Code required only for built-in units.
-- LATER: If need much more code, move to another module to simplify this module.
local function speed_of_sound(altitude)
	-- This is for the Mach built-in unit of speed.
	-- Return speed of sound in metres per second at given altitude in feet.
	-- If no altitude given, use default (zero altitude = sea level).
	-- Table gives speed of sound in miles per hour at various altitudes:
	--   altitude = -17,499 to 302,499 feet
	-- mach_table[a + 4] = s where
	--   a = (altitude / 5000) rounded to nearest integer (-3 to 60)
	--   s = speed of sound (mph) at that altitude
	-- LATER: Should calculate result from an interpolation between the next
	-- lower and higher altitudes in table, rather than rounding to nearest.
	-- From: http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/atmosphere/q0112.shtml
	local mach_table = {                                                       -- a =
		799.5, 787.0, 774.2, 761.207051,                                       -- -3 to  0
		748.0, 734.6, 721.0, 707.0, 692.8, 678.3, 663.5, 660.1, 660.1, 660.1,  --  1 to 10
		660.1, 660.1, 660.1, 662.0, 664.3, 666.5, 668.9, 671.1, 673.4, 675.6,  -- 11 to 20
		677.9, 683.7, 689.9, 696.0, 702.1, 708.1, 714.0, 719.9, 725.8, 731.6,  -- 21 to 30
		737.3, 737.7, 737.7, 736.2, 730.5, 724.6, 718.8, 712.9, 707.0, 701.1,  -- 31 to 40
		695.0, 688.9, 682.8, 676.6, 670.4, 664.1, 657.8, 652.9, 648.3, 643.7,  -- 41 to 50
		639.1, 634.4, 629.6, 624.8, 620.0, 615.2, 613.2, 613.2, 613.2, 613.5,  -- 51 to 60
	}
	altitude = altitude or 0
	local a = (altitude &lt; 0) and -altitude or altitude
	a = floor(a / 5000 + 0.5)
	if altitude &lt; 0 then
		a = -a
	end
	if a &lt; -3 then
		a = -3
	elseif a &gt; 60 then
		a = 60
	end
	return mach_table[a + 4] * 0.44704  -- mph converted to m/s
end
-- END: Code required only for built-in units.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function get_range(word)
	-- Return a range (string or table) corresponding to word (like &quot;to&quot;),
	-- or return nil if not a range word.
	local ranges = text_code.ranges
	return ranges.types[word] or ranges.types[ranges.aliases[word]]
end

local function check_mismatch(unit1, unit2)
	-- If unit1 cannot be converted to unit2, return an error message table.
	-- This allows conversion between units of the same type, and between
	-- Nm (normally torque) and ftlb (energy), as in gun-related articles.
	-- This works because Nm is the base unit (scale = 1) for both the
	-- primary type (torque), and the alternate type (energy, where Nm = J).
	-- A match occurs if the primary types are the same, or if unit1 matches
	-- the alternate type of unit2, and vice versa. That provides a whitelist
	-- of which conversions are permitted between normally incompatible types.
	if unit1.utype == unit2.utype or
		(unit1.utype == unit2.alttype and unit1.alttype == unit2.utype) then
		return nil
	end
	return { 'cvt_mismatch', unit1.utype, unit2.utype }
end

local function override_from(out_table, in_table, fields)
	-- Copy the specified fields from in_table to out_table, but do not
	-- copy nil fields (keep any corresponding field in out_table).
	for _, field in ipairs(fields) do
		if in_table[field] then
			out_table[field] = in_table[field]
		end
	end
end

local function shallow_copy(t)
	-- Return a shallow copy of table t.
	-- Do not need the features and overhead of the Scribunto mw.clone().
	local result = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		result[k] = v
	end
	return result
end

local unit_mt = {
	-- Metatable to get missing values for a unit that does not accept SI prefixes.
	-- Warning: The boolean value 'false' is returned for any missing field
	-- so __index is not called twice for the same field in a given unit.
	__index = function (self, key)
		local value
		if key == 'name1' or key == 'sym_us' then
			value = self.symbol
		elseif key == 'name2' then
			value = self.name1 .. plural_suffix
		elseif key == 'name1_us' then
			value = self.name1
			if not rawget(self, 'name2_us') then
				-- If name1_us is 'foot', do not make name2_us by appending plural_suffix.
				self.name2_us = self.name2
			end
		elseif key == 'name2_us' then
			local raw1_us = rawget(self, 'name1_us')
			if raw1_us then
				value = raw1_us .. plural_suffix
			else
				value = self.name2
			end
		elseif key == 'link' then
			value = self.name1
		else
			value = false
		end
		rawset(self, key, value)
		return value
	end
}

local function prefixed_name(unit, name, index)
	-- Return unit name with SI prefix inserted at correct position.
	-- index = 1 (name1), 2 (name2), 3 (name1_us), 4 (name2_us).
	-- The position is a byte (not character) index, so use Lua's sub().
	local pos = rawget(unit, 'prefix_position')
	if type(pos) == 'string' then
		pos = tonumber(split(pos, ',')[index])
	end
	if pos then
		return name:sub(1, pos - 1) .. unit.si_name .. name:sub(pos)
	end
	return unit.si_name .. name
end

local unit_prefixed_mt = {
	-- Metatable to get missing values for a unit that accepts SI prefixes.
	-- Before use, fields si_name, si_prefix must be defined.
	-- The unit must define _symbol, _name1 and
	-- may define _sym_us, _name1_us, _name2_us
	-- (_sym_us, _name2_us may be defined for a language using sp=us
	-- to refer to a variant unrelated to U.S. units).
	__index = function (self, key)
		local value
		if key == 'symbol' then
			value = self.si_prefix .. self._symbol
		elseif key == 'sym_us' then
			value = rawget(self, '_sym_us')
			if value then
				value = self.si_prefix .. value
			else
				value = self.symbol
			end
		elseif key == 'name1' then
			value = prefixed_name(self, self._name1, 1)
		elseif key == 'name2' then
			value = rawget(self, '_name2')
			if value then
				value = prefixed_name(self, value, 2)
			else
				value = self.name1 .. plural_suffix
			end
		elseif key == 'name1_us' then
			value = rawget(self, '_name1_us')
			if value then
				value = prefixed_name(self, value, 3)
			else
				value = self.name1
			end
		elseif key == 'name2_us' then
			value = rawget(self, '_name2_us')
			if value then
				value = prefixed_name(self, value, 4)
			elseif rawget(self, '_name1_us') then
				value = self.name1_us .. plural_suffix
			else
				value = self.name2
			end
		elseif key == 'link' then
			value = self.name1
		else
			value = false
		end
		rawset(self, key, value)
		return value
	end
}

local unit_per_mt = {
	-- Metatable to get values for a per unit of form &quot;x/y&quot;.
	-- This is never called to determine a unit name or link because per units
	-- are handled as a special case.
	-- Similarly, the default output is handled elsewhere, and for a symbol
	-- this is only called from get_default() for default_exceptions.
	__index = function (self, key)
		local value
		if key == 'symbol' then
			local per = self.per
			local unit1, unit2 = per[1], per[2]
			if unit1 then
				value = unit1[key] .. '/' .. unit2[key]
			else
				value = '/' .. unit2[key]
			end
		elseif key == 'sym_us' then
			value = self.symbol
		elseif key == 'scale' then
			local per = self.per
			local unit1, unit2 = per[1], per[2]
			value = (unit1 and unit1.scale or 1) * self.scalemultiplier / unit2.scale
		else
			value = false
		end
		rawset(self, key, value)
		return value
	end
}

local function make_per(unitcode, unit_table, ulookup)
	-- Return true, t where t is a per unit with unit codes expanded to unit tables,
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	local result = {
		unitcode = unitcode,
		utype = unit_table.utype,
		per = {}
	}
	override_from(result, unit_table, { 'invert', 'iscomplex', 'default', 'link', 'symbol', 'symlink' })
	result.symbol_raw = (result.symbol or false)  -- to distinguish between a defined exception and a metatable calculation
	local prefix
	for i, v in ipairs(unit_table.per) do
		if i == 1 and v == '' then
			-- First unit symbol can be empty; that gives a nil first unit table.
		elseif i == 1 and text_code.currency[v] then
			prefix = currency_text or v
		else
			local success, t = ulookup(v)
			if not success then return false, t end
			result.per[i] = t
		end
	end
	local multiplier = unit_table.multiplier
	if not result.utype then
		-- Creating an automatic per unit.
		local unit1 = result.per[1]
		local utype = (unit1 and unit1.utype or prefix or '') .. '/' .. result.per[2].utype
		local t = data_code.per_unit_fixups[utype]
		if t then
			if type(t) == 'table' then
				utype = t.utype or utype
				result.link = result.link or t.link
				multiplier = multiplier or t.multiplier
			else
				utype = t
			end
		end
		result.utype = utype
	end
	result.scalemultiplier = multiplier or 1
	result.vprefix = prefix or false  -- set to non-nil to avoid calling __index
	return true, setmetatable(result, unit_per_mt)
end

local function lookup(parms, unitcode, what, utable, fails, depth)
	-- Return true, t where t is a copy of the unit's converter table,
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	-- Parameter 'what' determines whether combination units are accepted:
	--   'no_combination'  : single unit only
	--   'any_combination' : single unit or combination or output multiple
	--   'only_multiple'   : single unit or output multiple only
	-- Parameter unitcode is a symbol (like 'g'), with an optional SI prefix (like 'kg').
	-- If, for example, 'kg' is in this table, that entry is used;
	-- otherwise the prefix ('k') is applied to the base unit ('g').
	-- If unitcode is a known combination code (and if allowed by what),
	-- a table of output multiple unit tables is included in the result.
	-- For compatibility with the old template, an underscore in a unitcode is
	-- replaced with a space so usage like {{convert|350|board_feet}} works.
	-- Wikignomes may also put two spaces or &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot; in combinations, so
	-- replace underscore, &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;, and multiple spaces with a single space.
	utable = utable or parms.unittable or all_units
	fails = fails or {}
	depth = depth and depth + 1 or 1
	if depth &gt; 9 then
		-- There are ways to mistakenly define units which result in infinite
		-- recursion when lookup() is called. That gives a long delay and very
		-- confusing error messages, so the depth parameter is used as a guard.
		return false, { 'cvt_lookup', unitcode }
	end
	if unitcode == nil or unitcode == '' then
		return false, { 'cvt_no_unit' }
	end
	unitcode = unitcode:gsub('_', ' '):gsub('&amp;nbsp;', ' '):gsub('  +', ' ')
	local function call_make_per(t)
		return make_per(unitcode, t,
			function (ucode) return lookup(parms, ucode, 'no_combination', utable, fails, depth) end
		)
	end
	local t = utable[unitcode]
	if t then
		if t.shouldbe then
			return false, { 'cvt_should_be', t.shouldbe }
		end
		if t.sp_us then
			parms.opt_sp_us = true
		end
		local target = t.target  -- nil, or unitcode is an alias for this target
		if target then
			local success, result = lookup(parms, target, what, utable, fails, depth)
			if not success then return false, result end
			override_from(result, t, { 'customary', 'default', 'link', 'symbol', 'symlink' })
			local multiplier = t.multiplier
			if multiplier then
				result.multiplier = tostring(multiplier)
				result.scale = result.scale * multiplier
			end
			return true, result
		end
		if t.per then
			return call_make_per(t)
		end
		local combo = t.combination  -- nil or a table of unitcodes
		if combo then
			local multiple = t.multiple
			if what == 'no_combination' or (what == 'only_multiple' and not multiple) then
				return false, { 'cvt_bad_unit', unitcode }
			end
			-- Recursively create a combination table containing the
			-- converter table of each unitcode.
			local result = { utype = t.utype, multiple = multiple, combination = {} }
			local cvt = result.combination
			for i, v in ipairs(combo) do
				local success, t = lookup(parms, v, multiple and 'no_combination' or 'only_multiple', utable, fails, depth)
				if not success then return false, t end
				cvt[i] = t
			end
			return true, result
		end
		local result = shallow_copy(t)
		result.unitcode = unitcode
		if result.prefixes then
			result.si_name = ''
			result.si_prefix = ''
			return true, setmetatable(result, unit_prefixed_mt)
		end
		return true, setmetatable(result, unit_mt)
	end
	local SIprefixes = text_code.SIprefixes
	for plen = SIprefixes[1] or 2, 1, -1 do
		-- Look for an SI prefix; should never occur with an alias.
		-- Check for longer prefix first ('dam' is decametre).
		-- SIprefixes[1] = prefix maximum #characters (as seen by mw.ustring.sub).
		local prefix = usub(unitcode, 1, plen)
		local si = SIprefixes[prefix]
		if si then
			local t = utable[usub(unitcode, plen+1)]
			if t and t.prefixes then
				local result = shallow_copy(t)
				result.unitcode = unitcode
				result.si_name = parms.opt_sp_us and si.name_us or si.name
				result.si_prefix = si.prefix or prefix
				result.scale = t.scale * 10 ^ (si.exponent * t.prefixes)
				return true, setmetatable(result, unit_prefixed_mt)
			end
		end
	end
	-- Accept any unit with an engineering notation prefix like &quot;e6cuft&quot;
	-- (million cubic feet), but not chained prefixes like &quot;e3e6cuft&quot;,
	-- and not if the unit is a combination or multiple,
	-- and not if the unit has an offset or is a built-in.
	-- Only en digits are accepted.
	local has_plus = unitcode:find('+', 1, true)
	if not has_plus then
		local exponent, baseunit = unitcode:match('^e(%d+)(.*)')
		if exponent then
			local engscale = text_code.eng_scales[exponent]
			if engscale then
				local success, result = lookup(parms, baseunit, 'no_combination', utable, fails, depth)
				if success and not (result.offset or result.builtin or result.engscale) then
					result.unitcode = unitcode  -- 'e6cuft' not 'cuft'
					result.defkey = unitcode  -- key to lookup default exception
					result.engscale = engscale
					result.scale = result.scale * 10 ^ tonumber(exponent)
					return true, result
				end
			end
		end
	end
	-- Accept user-defined combinations like &quot;acre+m2+ha&quot; or &quot;acre m2 ha&quot; for output.
	-- If '+' is used, each unit code can include a space, and any error is fatal.
	-- If ' ' is used and if each space-separated word is a unit code, it is a combo,
	-- but errors are not fatal so the unit code can be looked up as an extra unit.
	local err_is_fatal
	local combo = collection()
	if has_plus then
		err_is_fatal = true
		for item in (unitcode .. '+'):gmatch('%s*(.-)%s*%+') do
			if item ~= '' then
				combo:add(item)
			end
		end
	elseif unitcode:find('%s') then
		for item in unitcode:gmatch('%S+') do
			combo:add(item)
		end
	end
	if combo.n &gt; 1 then
		local function lookup_combo()
			if what == 'no_combination' or what == 'only_multiple' then
				return false, { 'cvt_bad_unit', unitcode }
			end
			local result = { combination = {} }
			local cvt = result.combination
			for i, v in ipairs(combo) do
				local success, t = lookup(parms, v, 'only_multiple', utable, fails, depth)
				if not success then return false, t end
				if i == 1 then
					result.utype = t.utype
				else
					local mismatch = check_mismatch(result, t)
					if mismatch then
						return false, mismatch
					end
				end
				cvt[i] = t
			end
			return true, result
		end
		local success, result = lookup_combo()
		if success or err_is_fatal then
			return success, result
		end
	end
	-- Look for x/y; split on right-most slash to get scale correct (x/y/z is x/y per z).
	local top, bottom = unitcode:match('^(.-)/([^/]+)$')
	if top and not unitcode:find('e%d') then
		-- If valid, create an automatic per unit for an &quot;x/y&quot; unit code.
		-- The unitcode must not include extraneous spaces.
		-- Engineering notation (apart from at start and which has been stripped before here),
		-- is not supported so do not make a per unit if find text like 'e3' in unitcode.
		local success, result = call_make_per({ per = {top, bottom} })
		if success then
			return true, result
		end
	end
	if not parms.opt_ignore_error and not get_range(unitcode) then
		-- Want the &quot;what links here&quot; list for the extra_module to show only cases
		-- where an extra unit is used, so do not require it if invoked from {{val}}
		-- or if looking up a range word which cannot be a unit.
		if not extra_units then
			local success, extra = pcall(function () return require(extra_module).extra_units end)
			if success and type(extra) == 'table' then
				extra_units = extra
			end
		end
		if extra_units then
			-- A unit in one data table might refer to a unit in the other table, so
			-- switch between them, relying on fails or depth to terminate loops.
			if not fails[unitcode] then
				fails[unitcode] = true
				local other = (utable == all_units) and extra_units or all_units
				local success, result = lookup(parms, unitcode, what, other, fails, depth)
				if success then
					return true, result
				end
			end
		end
	end
	if to_en_table then
		-- At fawiki it is common to translate all digits so a unit like &quot;km2&quot; becomes &quot;km۲&quot;.
		local en_code = ustring.gsub(unitcode, '%d', to_en_table)
		if en_code ~= unitcode then
			return lookup(parms, en_code, what, utable, fails, depth)
		end
	end
	return false, { 'cvt_unknown', unitcode }
end

local function valid_number(num)
	-- Return true if num is a valid number.
	-- In Scribunto (different from some standard Lua), when expressed as a string,
	-- overflow or other problems are indicated with text like &quot;inf&quot; or &quot;nan&quot;
	-- which are regarded as invalid here (each contains &quot;n&quot;).
	if type(num) == 'number' and tostring(num):find('n', 1, true) == nil then
		return true
	end
end

local function hyphenated(name, parts)
	-- Return a hyphenated form of given name (for adjectival usage).
	-- The name may be linked and the target of the link must not be changed.
	-- Hypothetical examples:
	--   [[long ton|ton]]         →  [[long ton|ton]]          (no change)
	--   [[tonne|long ton]]       →  [[tonne|long-ton]]
	--   [[metric ton|long ton]]  →  [[metric ton|long-ton]]
	--   [[long ton]]             →  [[long ton|long-ton]]
	-- Input can also have multiple links in a single name like:
	--   [[United States customary units|U.S.]] [[US gallon|gallon]]
	--   [[mile]]s per [[United States customary units|U.S.]] [[quart]]
	--   [[long ton]]s per [[short ton]]
	-- Assume that links cannot be nested (never like &quot;[[abc[[def]]ghi]]&quot;).
	-- This uses a simple and efficient procedure that works for most cases.
	-- Some units (if used) would require more, and can later think about
	-- adding a method to handle exceptions.
	-- The procedure is to replace each space with a hyphen, but
	-- not a space after ')' [for &quot;(pre-1954&amp;nbsp;US) nautical mile&quot;], and
	-- not spaces immediately before '(' or in '(...)' [for cases like
	-- &quot;British thermal unit (ISO)&quot; and &quot;Calorie (International Steam Table)&quot;].
	if name:find(' ', 1, true) then
		if parts then
			local pos
			if name:sub(1, 1) == '(' then
				pos = name:find(')', 1, true)
				if pos then
					return name:sub(1, pos+1) .. name:sub(pos+2):gsub(' ', '-')
				end
			elseif name:sub(-1) == ')' then
				pos = name:find('(', 1, true)
				if pos then
					return name:sub(1, pos-2):gsub(' ', '-') .. name:sub(pos-1)
				end
			end
			return name:gsub(' ', '-')
		end
		parts = collection()
		for before, item, after in name:gmatch('([^[]*)(%[%[[^[]*%]%])([^[]*)') do
			if item:find(' ', 1, true) then
				local prefix
				local plen = item:find('|', 1, true)
				if plen then
					prefix = item:sub(1, plen)
					item = item:sub(plen + 1, -3)
				else
					prefix = item:sub(1, -3) .. '|'
					item = item:sub(3, -3)
				end
				item = prefix .. hyphenated(item, parts) .. ']]'
			end
			parts:add(before:gsub(' ', '-') .. item .. after:gsub(' ', '-'))
		end
		if parts.n == 0 then
			-- No link like &quot;[[...]]&quot; was found in the original name.
			parts:add(hyphenated(name, parts))
		end
		return table.concat(parts)
	end
	return name
end

local function hyphenated_maybe(parms, want_name, sep, id, inout)
	-- Return s, f where
	--   s = id, possibly modified
	--   f = true if hyphenated
	-- Possible modifications: hyphenate; prepend '-'; append mid text.
	if id == nil or id == '' then
		return ''
	end
	local mid = (inout == (parms.opt_flip and 'out' or 'in')) and parms.mid or ''
	if want_name then
		if parms.opt_adjectival then
			return '-' .. hyphenated(id) .. mid, true
		end
		if parms.opt_add_s and id:sub(-1) ~= 's' then
			id = id .. 's'  -- for nowiki
		end
	end
	return sep .. id .. mid
end

local function use_minus(text)
	-- Return text with Unicode minus instead of '-', if present.
	if text:sub(1, 1) == '-' then
		return MINUS .. text:sub(2)
	end
	return text
end

local function digit_groups(parms, text, method)
	-- Return a numbered table of groups of digits (left-to-right, in local language).
	-- Parameter method is a number or nil:
	--   3 for 3-digit grouping (default), or
	--   2 for 3-then-2 grouping (only for digits before decimal mark).
	local len_right
	local len_left = text:find('.', 1, true)
	if len_left then
		len_right = #text - len_left
		len_left = len_left - 1
	else
		len_left = #text
	end
	local twos = method == 2 and len_left &gt; 5
	local groups = collection()
	local run = len_left
	local n
	if run &lt; 4 or (run == 4 and parms.opt_comma5) then
		if parms.opt_gaps then
			n = run
		else
			n = #text
		end
	elseif twos then
		n = run % 2 == 0 and 1 or 2
	else
		n = run % 3 == 0 and 3 or run % 3
	end
	while run &gt; 0 do
		groups:add(n)
		run = run - n
		n = (twos and run &gt; 3) and 2 or 3
	end
	if len_right then
		if groups.n == 0 then
			groups:add(0)
		end
		if parms.opt_gaps and len_right &gt; 3 then
			local want4 = not parms.opt_gaps3  -- true gives no gap before trailing single digit
			local isfirst = true
			run = len_right
			while run &gt; 0 do
				n = (want4 and run == 4) and 4 or (run &gt; 3 and 3 or run)
				if isfirst then
					isfirst = false
					groups[groups.n] = groups[groups.n] + 1 + n
				else
					groups:add(n)
				end
				run = run - n
			end
		else
			groups[groups.n] = groups[groups.n] + 1 + len_right
		end
	end
	local pos = 1
	for i, length in ipairs(groups) do
		groups[i] = from_en(text:sub(pos, pos + length - 1))
		pos = pos + length
	end
	return groups
end

function with_separator(parms, text)  -- for forward declaration above
	-- Input text is a number in en digits with optional '.' decimal mark.
	-- Return an equivalent, formatted for display:
	--   with a custom decimal mark instead of '.', if wanted
	--   with thousand separators inserted, if wanted
	--   digits in local language
	-- The given text is like '123' or '123.' or '12345.6789'.
	-- The text has no sign (caller inserts that later, if necessary).
	-- When using gaps, they are inserted before and after the decimal mark.
	-- Separators are inserted only before the decimal mark.
	-- A trailing dot (as in '123.') is removed because their use appears to
	-- be accidental, and such a number should be shown as '123' or '123.0'.
	-- It is useful for convert to suppress the dot so, for example, '4000.'
	-- is a simple way of indicating that all the digits are significant.
	if text:sub(-1) == '.' then
		text = text:sub(1, -2)
	end
	if #text &lt; 4 or parms.opt_nocomma or numsep == '' then
		return from_en(text)
	end
	local groups = digit_groups(parms, text, group_method)
	if parms.opt_gaps then
		if groups.n &lt;= 1 then
			return groups[1] or ''
		end
		local nowrap = '&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap&quot;&gt;'
		local gap = '&lt;span style=&quot;margin-left: 0.25em&quot;&gt;'
		local close = '&lt;/span&gt;'
		return nowrap .. groups[1] .. gap .. table.concat(groups, close .. gap, 2, groups.n) .. close .. close
	end
	return table.concat(groups, numsep)
end

-- An input value like 1.23e12 is displayed using scientific notation (1.23×10¹²).
-- That also makes the output use scientific notation, except for small values.
-- In addition, very small or very large output values use scientific notation.
-- Use format(fmtpower, significand, '10', exponent) where each argument is a string.
local fmtpower = '%s&lt;span style=&quot;margin:0 .15em 0 .25em&quot;&gt;×&lt;/span&gt;%s&lt;sup&gt;%s&lt;/sup&gt;'

local function with_exponent(parms, show, exponent)
	-- Return wikitext to display the implied value in scientific notation.
	-- Input uses en digits; output uses digits in local language.
	return format(fmtpower, with_separator(parms, show), from_en('10'), use_minus(from_en(tostring(exponent))))
end

local function make_sigfig(value, sigfig)
	-- Return show, exponent that are equivalent to the result of
	-- converting the number 'value' (where value &gt;= 0) to a string,
	-- rounded to 'sigfig' significant figures.
	-- The returned items are:
	--   show: a string of digits; no sign and no dot;
	--         there is an implied dot before show.
	--   exponent: a number (an integer) to shift the implied dot.
	-- Resulting value = tonumber('.' .. show) * 10^exponent.
	-- Examples:
	--   make_sigfig(23.456, 3) returns '235', 2 (.235 * 10^2).
	--   make_sigfig(0.0023456, 3) returns '235', -2 (.235 * 10^-2).
	--   make_sigfig(0, 3) returns '000', 1 (.000 * 10^1).
	if sigfig &lt;= 0 then
		sigfig = 1
	elseif sigfig &gt; maxsigfig then
		sigfig = maxsigfig
	end
	if value == 0 then
		return string.rep('0', sigfig), 1
	end
	local exp, fracpart = math.modf(log10(value))
	if fracpart &gt;= 0 then
		fracpart = fracpart - 1
		exp = exp + 1
	end
	local digits = format('%.0f', 10^(fracpart + sigfig))
	if #digits &gt; sigfig then
		-- Overflow (for sigfig=3: like 0.9999 rounding to &quot;1000&quot;; need &quot;100&quot;).
		digits = digits:sub(1, sigfig)
		exp = exp + 1
	end
	assert(#digits == sigfig, 'Bug: rounded number has wrong length')
	return digits, exp
end

-- Fraction output format.
local fracfmt = {
	{ -- Like {{frac}} (fraction slash).
		-- 1/2    : sign, numerator, denominator
		-- 1+2/3  : signed_wholenumber, numerator, denominator
		'&lt;span class=&quot;frac nowrap&quot;&gt;%s&lt;sup&gt;%s&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;frasl;&lt;sub&gt;%s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
		'&lt;span class=&quot;frac nowrap&quot;&gt;%s&lt;span class=&quot;visualhide&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;%s&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;frasl;&lt;sub&gt;%s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	},
	{ -- Like {{sfrac}} (fraction horizontal bar).
		-- 1//2   : sign, numerator, denominator (sign should probably be before the fraction, but then it can wrap, and html is already too long)
		-- 1+2//3 : signed_wholenumber, numerator, denominator
		'&lt;span class=&quot;sfrac nowrap&quot; style=&quot;display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%%; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;&quot;&gt;%s%s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;visualhide&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
		'&lt;span class=&quot;sfrac nowrap&quot;&gt;%s&lt;span class=&quot;visualhide&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%%; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;visualhide&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	},
}

local function format_fraction(parms, inout, negative, wholestr, numstr, denstr, do_spell, style)
	-- Return wikitext for a fraction, possibly spelled.
	-- Inputs use en digits and have no sign; output uses digits in local language.
	local wikitext
	if not style then
		style = parms.opt_fraction_horizontal and 2 or 1
	end
	if wholestr == '' then
		wholestr = nil
	end
	if wholestr then
		local decorated = with_separator(parms, wholestr)
		if negative then
			decorated = MINUS .. decorated
		end
		local fmt = fracfmt[style][2]
		wikitext = format(fmt, decorated, from_en(numstr), from_en(denstr))
	else
		local sign = negative and MINUS or ''
		wikitext = format(fracfmt[style][1], sign, from_en(numstr), from_en(denstr))
	end
	if do_spell then
		if negative then
			if wholestr then
				wholestr = '-' .. wholestr
			else
				numstr = '-' .. numstr
			end
		end
		wikitext = spell_number(parms, inout, wholestr, numstr, denstr) or wikitext
	end
	return wikitext
end

local function format_number(parms, show, exponent, isnegative)
	-- Parameter show is a string or a table containing strings.
	-- Each string is a formatted number in en digits and optional '.' decimal mark.
	-- A table represents a fraction: integer, numerator, denominator;
	-- if a table is given, exponent must be nil.
	-- Return t where t is a table with fields:
	--   show = wikitext formatted to display implied value
	--          (digits in local language)
	--   is_scientific = true if show uses scientific notation
	--   clean = unformatted show (possibly adjusted and with inserted '.')
	--          (en digits)
	--   sign = '' or MINUS
	--   exponent = exponent (possibly adjusted)
	-- The clean and exponent fields can be used to calculate the
	-- rounded absolute value, if needed.
	--
	-- The value implied by the arguments is found from:
	--   exponent is nil; and
	--   show is a string of digits (no sign), with an optional dot;
	--   show = '123.4' is value 123.4, '1234' is value 1234.0;
	-- or:
	--   exponent is an integer indicating where dot should be;
	--   show is a string of digits (no sign and no dot);
	--   there is an implied dot before show;
	--   show does not start with '0';
	--   show = '1234', exponent = 3 is value 0.1234*10^3 = 123.4.
	--
	-- The formatted result:
	-- * Is for an output value and is spelled if wanted and possible.
	-- * Includes a Unicode minus if isnegative and not spelled.
	-- * Uses a custom decimal mark, if wanted.
	-- * Has digits grouped where necessary, if wanted.
	-- * Uses scientific notation if requested, or for very small or large values
	--   (which forces result to not be spelled).
	-- * Has no more than maxsigfig significant digits
	--   (same as old template and {{#expr}}).
	local xhi, xlo  -- these control when scientific notation (exponent) is used
	if parms.opt_scientific then
		xhi, xlo = 4, 2  -- default for output if input uses e-notation
	elseif parms.opt_scientific_always then
		xhi, xlo = 0, 0  -- always use scientific notation (experimental)
	else
		xhi, xlo = 10, 4  -- default
	end
	local sign = isnegative and MINUS or ''
	local maxlen = maxsigfig
	local tfrac
	if type(show) == 'table' then
		tfrac = show
		show = tfrac.wholestr
		assert(exponent == nil, 'Bug: exponent given with fraction')
	end
	if not tfrac and not exponent then
		local integer, dot, decimals = show:match('^(%d*)(%.?)(.*)')
		if integer == '0' or integer == '' then
			local zeros, figs = decimals:match('^(0*)([^0]?.*)')
			if #figs == 0 then
				if #zeros &gt; maxlen then
					show = '0.' .. zeros:sub(1, maxlen)
				end
			elseif #zeros &gt;= xlo then
				show = figs
				exponent = -#zeros
			elseif #figs &gt; maxlen then
				show = '0.' .. zeros .. figs:sub(1, maxlen)
			end
		elseif #integer &gt;= xhi then
			show = integer .. decimals
			exponent = #integer
		else
			maxlen = maxlen + #dot
			if #show &gt; maxlen then
				show = show:sub(1, maxlen)
			end
		end
	end
	if exponent then
		local function zeros(n)
			return string.rep('0', n)
		end
		if #show &gt; maxlen then
			show = show:sub(1, maxlen)
		end
		if exponent &gt; xhi or exponent &lt;= -xlo or (exponent == xhi and show ~= '1' .. zeros(xhi - 1)) then
			-- When xhi, xlo = 10, 4 (the default), scientific notation is used if the
			-- rounded value satisfies: value &gt;= 1e9 or value &lt; 1e-4 (1e9 = 0.1e10),
			-- except if show is '1000000000' (1e9), for example:
			-- {{convert|1000000000|m|m|sigfig=10}} → 1,000,000,000 metres (1,000,000,000 m)
			local significand
			if #show &gt; 1 then
				significand = show:sub(1, 1) .. '.' .. show:sub(2)
			else
				significand = show
			end
			return {
				clean = '.' .. show,
				exponent = exponent,
				sign = sign,
				show = sign .. with_exponent(parms, significand, exponent-1),
				is_scientific = true,
			}
		end
		if exponent &gt;= #show then
			show = show .. zeros(exponent - #show)  -- result has no dot
		elseif exponent &lt;= 0 then
			show = '0.' .. zeros(-exponent) .. show
		else
			show = show:sub(1, exponent) .. '.' .. show:sub(exponent+1)
		end
	end
	local formatted_show
	if tfrac then
		show = tostring(tfrac.value)  -- to set clean in returned table
		formatted_show = format_fraction(parms, 'out', isnegative, tfrac.wholestr, tfrac.numstr, tfrac.denstr, parms.opt_spell_out)
	else
		if isnegative and show:match('^0.?0*$') then
			sign = ''  -- don't show minus if result is negative but rounds to zero
		end
		formatted_show = sign .. with_separator(parms, show)
		if parms.opt_spell_out then
			formatted_show = spell_number(parms, 'out', sign .. show) or formatted_show
		end
	end
	return {
		clean = show,
		sign = sign,
		show = formatted_show,
		is_scientific = false,  -- to avoid calling __index
	}
end

local function extract_fraction(parms, text, negative)
	-- If text represents a fraction, return
	--   value, altvalue, show, denominator
	-- where
	--   value is a number (value of the fraction in argument text)
	--   altvalue is an alternate interpretation of any fraction for the hands
	--        unit where &quot;12.1+3/4&quot; means 12 hands 1.75 inches
	--   show is a string (formatted text for display of an input value,
	--        and is spelled if wanted and possible)
	--   denominator is value of the denominator in the fraction
	-- Otherwise, return nil.
	-- Input uses en digits and '.' decimal mark (input has been translated).
	-- Output uses digits in local language and local decimal mark, if any.
	------------------------------------------------------------------------
	-- Originally this function accepted x+y/z where x, y, z were any valid
	-- numbers, possibly with a sign. For example '1.23e+2+1.2/2.4' = 123.5,
	-- and '2-3/8' = 1.625. However, such usages were found to be errors or
	-- misunderstandings, so since August 2014 the following restrictions apply:
	--   x (if present) is an integer or has a single digit after decimal mark
	--   y and z are unsigned integers
	--   e-notation is not accepted
	-- The overall number can start with '+' or '-' (so '12+3/4' and '+12+3/4'
	-- and '-12-3/4' are valid).
	-- Any leading negative sign is removed by the caller, so only inputs
	-- like the following are accepted here (may have whitespace):
	--   negative = false       false        true (there was a leading '-')
	--   text     = '2/3'       '+2/3'       '2/3'
	--   text     = '1+2/3'     '+1+2/3'     '1-2/3'
	--   text     = '12.3+1/2'  '+12.3+1/2'  '12.3-1/2'
	-- Values like '12.3+1/2' are accepted, but are intended only for use
	-- with the hands unit (not worth adding code to enforce that).
	------------------------------------------------------------------------
	local leading_plus, prefix, numstr, slashes, denstr =
		text:match('^%s*(%+?)%s*(.-)%s*(%d+)%s*(/+)%s*(%d+)%s*$')
	if not leading_plus then
		-- Accept a single U+2044 fraction slash because that may be pasted.
		leading_plus, prefix, numstr, denstr =
			text:match('^%s*(%+?)%s*(.-)%s*(%d+)%s*⁄%s*(%d+)%s*$')
		slashes = '/'
	end
	local numerator = tonumber(numstr)
	local denominator = tonumber(denstr)
	if numerator == nil or denominator == nil or (negative and leading_plus ~= '') then
		return nil
	end
	local whole, wholestr
	if prefix == '' then
		wholestr = ''
		whole = 0
	else
		-- Any prefix must be like '12+' or '12-' (whole number and fraction sign);
		-- '12.3+' and '12.3-' are also accepted (single digit after decimal point)
		-- because '12.3+1/2 hands' is valid (12 hands 3½ inches).
		local num1, num2, frac_sign = prefix:match('^(%d+)(%.?%d?)%s*([+%-])$')
		if num1 == nil then return nil end
		if num2 == '' then  -- num2 must be '' or like '.1' but not '.' or '.12'
			wholestr = num1
		else
			if #num2 ~= 2 then return nil end
			wholestr = num1 .. num2
		end
		if frac_sign ~= (negative and '-' or '+') then return nil end
		whole = tonumber(wholestr)
		if whole == nil then return nil end
	end
	local value = whole + numerator / denominator
	if not valid_number(value) then return nil end
	local altvalue = whole + numerator / (denominator * 10)
	local style = #slashes  -- kludge: 1 or 2 slashes can be used to select style
	if style &gt; 2 then style = 2 end
	local wikitext = format_fraction(parms, 'in', negative, leading_plus .. wholestr, numstr, denstr, parms.opt_spell_in, style)
	return value, altvalue, wikitext, denominator
end

local function extract_number(parms, text, another, no_fraction)
	-- Return true, info if can extract a number from text,
	-- where info is a table with the result,
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	-- Input can use en digits or digits in local language and can
	-- have references at the end. Accepting references is intended
	-- for use in infoboxes with a field for a value passed to convert.
	-- Parameter another = true if the expected value is not the first.
	-- Before processing, the input text is cleaned:
	-- * Any thousand separators (valid or not) are removed.
	-- * Any sign (and optional following whitespace) is replaced with
	--   '-' (if negative) or '' (otherwise).
	--   That replaces Unicode minus with '-'.
	-- If successful, the returned info table contains named fields:
	--   value    = a valid number
	--   altvalue = a valid number, usually same as value but different
	--              if fraction used (for hands unit)
	--   singular = true if value is 1 or -1 (to use singular form of units)
	--   clean    = cleaned text with any separators and sign removed
	--              (en digits and '.' decimal mark)
	--   show     = text formatted for output, possibly with ref strip markers
	--              (digits in local language and custom decimal mark)
	-- The resulting show:
	-- * Is for an input value and is spelled if wanted and possible.
	-- * Has a rounded value, if wanted.
	-- * Has digits grouped where necessary, if wanted.
	-- * If negative, a Unicode minus is used; otherwise the sign is
	--   '+' (if the input text used '+'), or is '' (if no sign in input).
	text = strip(text or '')
	local reference
	local pos = text:find('\127', 1, true)
	if pos then
		local before = text:sub(1, pos - 1)
		local remainder = text:sub(pos)
		local refs = {}
		while #remainder &gt; 0 do
			local ref, spaces
			ref, spaces, remainder = remainder:match('^(\127[^\127]*UNIQ[^\127]*%-ref[^\127]*\127)(%s*)(.*)')
			if ref then
				table.insert(refs, ref)
			else
				refs = {}
				break
			end
		end
		if #refs &gt; 0 then
			text = strip(before)
			reference = table.concat(refs)
		end
	end
	local clean = to_en(text, parms)
	if clean == '' then
		return false, { another and 'cvt_no_num2' or 'cvt_no_num' }
	end
	local isnegative, propersign = false, ''  -- most common case
	local singular, show, denominator
	local value = tonumber(clean)
	local altvalue
	if value then
		local sign = clean:sub(1, 1)
		if sign == '+' or sign == '-' then
			propersign = (sign == '+') and '+' or MINUS
			clean = clean:sub(2)
		end
		if value &lt; 0 then
			isnegative = true
			value = -value
		end
	else
		local valstr
		for _, prefix in ipairs({ '-', MINUS, '&amp;minus;' }) do
			-- Including '-' means inputs like '- 2' (with space) are accepted as -2.
			-- It also sets isnegative in case input is a fraction like '-2-3/4'.
			local plen = #prefix
			if clean:sub(1, plen) == prefix then
				valstr = clean:sub(plen + 1)
				break
			end
		end
		if valstr then
			isnegative = true
			propersign = MINUS
			clean = valstr
			value = tonumber(clean)
		end
		if value == nil then
			if not no_fraction then
				value, altvalue, show, denominator = extract_fraction(parms, clean, isnegative)
			end
			if value == nil then
				return false, { 'cvt_bad_num', text }
			end
			if value &lt;= 1 then
				singular = true  -- for example, &quot;½ mile&quot; or &quot;one half mile&quot; (singular unit)
			end
		end
	end
	if not valid_number(value) then  -- for example, &quot;1e310&quot; may overflow
		return false, { 'cvt_invalid_num' }
	end
	if show == nil then
		-- clean is a non-empty string with no spaces, and does not represent a fraction,
		-- and value = tonumber(clean) is a number &gt;= 0.
		-- If the input uses e-notation, show will be displayed using a power of ten, but
		-- we use the number as given so it might not be normalized scientific notation.
		-- The input value is spelled if specified so any e-notation is ignored;
		-- that allows input like 2e6 to be spelled as &quot;two million&quot; which works
		-- because the spell module converts '2e6' to '2000000' before spelling.
		local function rounded(value, default, exponent)
			local precision = parms.opt_ri
			if precision then
				local fmt = '%.' .. format('%d', precision) .. 'f'
				local result = fmt:format(tonumber(value) + 2e-14)  -- fudge for some common cases of bad rounding
				if not exponent then
					singular = (tonumber(result) == 1)
				end
				return result
			end
			return default
		end
		singular = (value == 1)
		local scientific
		local significand, exponent = clean:match('^([%d.]+)[Ee]([+%-]?%d+)')
		if significand then
			show = with_exponent(parms, rounded(significand, significand, exponent), exponent)
			scientific = true
		else
			show = with_separator(parms, rounded(value, clean))
		end
		show = propersign .. show
		if parms.opt_spell_in then
			show = spell_number(parms, 'in', propersign .. rounded(value, clean)) or show
			scientific = false
		end
		if scientific then
			parms.opt_scientific = true
		end
	end
	if isnegative and (value ~= 0) then
		value = -value
		altvalue = -(altvalue or value)
	end
	return true, {
		value = value,
		altvalue = altvalue or value,
		singular = singular,
		clean = clean,
		show = show .. (reference or ''),
		denominator = denominator,
	}
end

local function get_number(text)
	-- Return v, f where:
	--   v = nil (text is not a number)
	-- or
	--   v = value of text (text is a number)
	--   f = true if value is an integer
	-- Input can use en digits or digits in local language,
	-- but no separators, no Unicode minus, and no fraction.
	if text then
		local number = tonumber(to_en(text))
		if number then
			local _, fracpart = math.modf(number)
			return number, (fracpart == 0)
		end
	end
end

local function gcd(a, b)
	-- Return the greatest common denominator for the given values,
	-- which are known to be positive integers.
	if a &gt; b then
		a, b = b, a
	end
	if a &lt;= 0 then
		return b
	end
	local r = b % a
	if r &lt;= 0 then
		return a
	end
	if r == 1 then
		return 1
	end
	return gcd(r, a)
end

local function fraction_table(value, denominator)
	-- Return value as a string or a table:
	-- * If result is a string, there is no fraction, and the result
	--   is value formatted as a string of en digits.
	-- * If result is a table, it represents a fraction with named fields:
	--   wholestr, numstr, denstr (strings of en digits for integer, numerator, denominator).
	-- The result is rounded to the nearest multiple of (1/denominator).
	-- If the multiple is zero, no fraction is included.
	-- No fraction is included if value is very large as the fraction would
	-- be unhelpful, particularly if scientific notation is required.
	-- Input value is a non-negative number.
	-- Input denominator is a positive integer for the desired fraction.
	if value &lt;= 0 then
		return '0'
	end
	if denominator &lt;= 0 or value &gt; 1e8 then
		return format('%.2f', value)
	end
	local integer, decimals = math.modf(value)
	local numerator = floor((decimals * denominator) +
		0.5 + 2e-14)  -- add fudge for some common cases of bad rounding
	if numerator &gt;= denominator then
		integer = integer + 1
		numerator = 0
	end
	local wholestr = tostring(integer)
	if numerator &gt; 0 then
		local div = gcd(numerator, denominator)
		if div &gt; 1 then
			numerator = numerator / div
			denominator = denominator / div
		end
		return {
			wholestr = (integer &gt; 0) and wholestr or '',
			numstr = tostring(numerator),
			denstr = tostring(denominator),
			value = value,
		}
	end
	return wholestr
end

local function preunits(count, preunit1, preunit2)
	-- If count is 1:
	--     ignore preunit2
	--     return p1
	-- else:
	--     preunit1 is used for preunit2 if the latter is empty
	--     return p1, p2
	-- where:
	--     p1 is text to insert before the input unit
	--     p2 is text to insert before the output unit
	--     p1 or p2 may be nil to mean &quot;no preunit&quot;
	-- Using '+' gives output like &quot;5+ feet&quot; (no space before, but space after).
	local function withspace(text, wantboth)
		-- Return text with space before and, if wantboth, after.
		-- However, no space is added if there is a space or '&amp;nbsp;' or '-'
		-- at that position ('-' is for adjectival text).
		-- There is also no space if text starts with '&amp;'
		-- (e.g. '&amp;deg;' would display a degree symbol with no preceding space).
		local char = text:sub(1, 1)
		if char == '&amp;' then
			return text  -- an html entity can be used to specify the exact display
		end
		if not (char == ' ' or char == '-' or char == '+') then
			text = ' ' .. text
		end
		if wantboth then
			char = text:sub(-1, -1)
			if not (char == ' ' or char == '-' or text:sub(-6, -1) == '&amp;nbsp;') then
				text = text .. ' '
			end
		end
		return text
	end
	local PLUS = '+ '
	preunit1 = preunit1 or ''
	local trim1 = strip(preunit1)
	if count == 1 then
		if trim1 == '' then
			return nil
		end
		if trim1 == '+' then
			return PLUS
		end
		return withspace(preunit1, true)
	end
	preunit1 = withspace(preunit1)
	preunit2 = preunit2 or ''
	local trim2 = strip(preunit2)
	if trim1 == '+' then
		if trim2 == '' or trim2 == '+' then
			return PLUS, PLUS
		end
		preunit1 = PLUS
	end
	if trim2 == '' then
		if trim1 == '' then
			return nil, nil
		end
		preunit2 = preunit1
	elseif trim2 == '+' then
		preunit2 = PLUS
	elseif trim2 == '&amp;#32;' then  -- trick to make preunit2 empty
		preunit2 = nil
	else
		preunit2 = withspace(preunit2)
	end
	return preunit1, preunit2
end

local function range_text(range, want_name, parms, before, after, inout)
	-- Return before .. rtext .. after
	-- where rtext is the text that separates two values in a range.
	local rtext, adj_text, exception
	if type(range) == 'table' then
		-- Table must specify range text for ('off' and 'on') or ('input' and 'output'),
		-- and may specify range text for 'adj=on',
		-- and may specify exception = true.
		rtext = range[want_name and 'off' or 'on'] or
				range[((inout == 'in') == (parms.opt_flip == true)) and 'output' or 'input']
		adj_text = range['adj']
		exception = range['exception']
	else
		rtext = range
	end
	if parms.opt_adjectival then
		if want_name or (exception and parms.abbr_org == 'on') then
			rtext = adj_text or rtext:gsub(' ', '-'):gsub('&amp;nbsp;', '-')
		end
	end
	if rtext == '–' and after:sub(1, #MINUS) == MINUS then
		rtext = '&amp;nbsp;– '
	end
	return before .. rtext .. after
end

local function get_composite(parms, iparm, in_unit_table)
	-- Look for a composite input unit. For example, {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}
	-- would result in a call to this function with
	--   iparm = 3 (parms[iparm] = &quot;2&quot;, just after the first unit)
	--   in_unit_table = (unit table for &quot;yd&quot;; contains value 1 for number of yards)
	-- Return true, iparm, unit where
	--   iparm = index just after the composite units (7 in above example)
	--   unit = composite unit table holding all input units,
	-- or return true if no composite unit is present in parms,
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	local default, subinfo
	local composite_units, count = { in_unit_table }, 1
	local fixups = {}
	local total = in_unit_table.valinfo[1].value
	local subunit = in_unit_table
	while subunit.subdivs do  -- subdivs is nil or a table of allowed subdivisions
		local subcode = strip(parms[iparm+1])
		local subdiv = subunit.subdivs[subcode] or subunit.subdivs[(all_units[subcode] or {}).target]
		if not subdiv then
			break
		end
		local success
		success, subunit = lookup(parms, subcode, 'no_combination')
		if not success then return false, subunit end  -- should never occur
		success, subinfo = extract_number(parms, parms[iparm])
		if not success then return false, subinfo end
		iparm = iparm + 2
		subunit.inout = 'in'
		subunit.valinfo = { subinfo }
		-- Recalculate total as a number of subdivisions.
		-- subdiv[1] = number of subdivisions per previous unit (integer &gt; 1).
		total = total * subdiv[1] + subinfo.value
		if not default then  -- set by the first subdiv with a default defined
			default = subdiv.default
		end
		count = count + 1
		composite_units[count] = subunit
		if subdiv.unit or subdiv.name then
			fixups[count] = { unit = subdiv.unit, name = subdiv.name, valinfo = subunit.valinfo }
		end
	end
	if count == 1 then
		return true  -- no error and no composite unit
	end
	for i, fixup in pairs(fixups) do
		local unit = fixup.unit
		local name = fixup.name
		if not unit or (count &gt; 2 and name) then
			composite_units[i].fixed_name = name
		else
			local success, alternate = lookup(parms, unit, 'no_combination')
			if not success then return false, alternate end  -- should never occur
			alternate.inout = 'in'
			alternate.valinfo = fixup.valinfo
			composite_units[i] = alternate
		end
	end
	return true, iparm, {
		utype = in_unit_table.utype,
		scale = subunit.scale,  -- scale of last (least significant) unit
		valinfo = { { value = total, clean = subinfo.clean, denominator = subinfo.denominator } },
		composite = composite_units,
		default = default or in_unit_table.default
	}
end

local function translate_parms(parms, kv_pairs)
	-- Update fields in parms by translating each key:value in kv_pairs to terms
	-- used by this module (may involve translating from local language to English).
	-- Also, checks are performed which may display warnings, if enabled.
	-- Return true if successful or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	currency_text = nil  -- local testing can hold module in memory; must clear globals
	local accept_any_text = {
		input = true,
		qid = true,
		qual = true,
		stylein = true,
		styleout = true,
		tracking = true,
	}
	if kv_pairs.adj and kv_pairs.sing then
		-- For enwiki (before translation), warn if attempt to use adj and sing
		-- as the latter is a deprecated alias for the former.
		if kv_pairs.adj ~= kv_pairs.sing and kv_pairs.sing ~= '' then
			add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', 'sing=' .. kv_pairs.sing)
		end
		kv_pairs.sing = nil
	end
	for loc_name, loc_value in pairs(kv_pairs) do
		local en_name = text_code.en_option_name[loc_name]
		if en_name then
			local en_value
			if en_name == '$' or en_name == 'frac' or en_name == 'sigfig' then
				if loc_value == '' then
					add_warning(parms, 2, 'cvt_empty_option', loc_name)
				elseif en_name == '$' then
					-- Value should be a single character like &quot;€&quot; for the euro currency symbol, but anything is accepted.
					currency_text = (loc_value == 'euro') and '€' or loc_value
				else
					local minimum
					local number, is_integer = get_number(loc_value)
					if en_name == 'frac' then
						minimum = 2
						if number and number &lt; 0 then
							parms.opt_fraction_horizontal = true
							number = -number
						end
					else
						minimum = 1
					end
					if number and is_integer and number &gt;= minimum then
						en_value = number
					else
						add_warning(parms, 1, (en_name == 'frac' and 'cvt_bad_frac' or 'cvt_bad_sigfig'), loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value)
					end
				end
			elseif accept_any_text[en_name] then
				en_value = loc_value ~= '' and loc_value or nil  -- accept non-empty user text with no validation
				if en_name == 'input' then
					-- May have something like {{convert|input=}} (empty input) if source is an infobox
					-- with optional fields. In that case, want to output nothing rather than an error.
					parms.input_text = loc_value  -- keep input because parms.input is nil if loc_value == ''
				end
			else
				en_value = text_code.en_option_value[en_name][loc_value]
				if en_value and en_value:sub(-1) == '?' then
					en_value = en_value:sub(1, -2)
					add_warning(parms, -1, 'cvt_deprecated', loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value)
				end
				if en_value == nil then
					if loc_value == '' then
						add_warning(parms, 2, 'cvt_empty_option', loc_name)
					else
						add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value)
					end
				elseif en_value == '' then
					en_value = nil  -- an ignored option like adj=off
				elseif type(en_value) == 'string' and en_value:sub(1, 4) == 'opt_' then
					for _, v in ipairs(split(en_value, ',')) do
						local lhs, rhs = v:match('^(.-)=(.+)$')
						if rhs then
							parms[lhs] = tonumber(rhs) or rhs
						else
							parms[v] = true
						end
					end
					en_value = nil
				end
			end
			parms[en_name] = en_value
		else
			add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value)
		end
	end
	local abbr_entered = parms.abbr
	local cfg_abbr = config.abbr
	if cfg_abbr then
		-- Don't warn if invalid because every convert would show that warning.
		if cfg_abbr == 'on always' then
			parms.abbr = 'on'
		elseif cfg_abbr == 'off always' then
			parms.abbr = 'off'
		elseif parms.abbr == nil then
			if cfg_abbr == 'on default' then
				parms.abbr = 'on'
			elseif cfg_abbr == 'off default' then
				parms.abbr = 'off'
			end
		end
	end
	if parms.abbr then
		if parms.abbr == 'unit' then
			parms.abbr = 'on'
			parms.number_word = true
		end
		parms.abbr_org = parms.abbr  -- original abbr, before any flip
	elseif parms.opt_hand_hh then
		parms.abbr_org = 'on'
		parms.abbr = 'on'
	else
		parms.abbr = 'out'  -- default is to abbreviate output only (use symbol, not name)
	end
	if parms.opt_order_out then
		-- Disable options that do not work in a useful way with order=out.
		parms.opt_flip = nil  -- override adj=flip
		parms.opt_spell_in = nil
		parms.opt_spell_out = nil
		parms.opt_spell_upper = nil
	end
	if parms.opt_spell_out and not abbr_entered then
		parms.abbr = 'off'  -- should show unit name when spelling the output value
	end
	if parms.opt_flip then
		local function swap_in_out(option)
			local value = parms[option]
			if value == 'in' then
				parms[option] = 'out'
			elseif value == 'out' then
				parms[option] = 'in'
			end
		end
		swap_in_out('abbr')
		swap_in_out('lk')
		if parms.opt_spell_in and not parms.opt_spell_out then
			-- For simplicity, and because it does not appear to be needed,
			-- user cannot set an option to spell the output only.
			parms.opt_spell_in = nil
			parms.opt_spell_out = true
		end
	end
	if parms.opt_spell_upper then
		parms.spell_upper = parms.opt_flip and 'out' or 'in'
	end
	if parms.opt_table or parms.opt_tablecen then
		if abbr_entered == nil and parms.lk == nil then
			parms.opt_values = true
		end
		parms.table_align = parms.opt_table and 'right' or 'center'
	end
	if parms.table_align or parms.opt_sortable_on then
		parms.need_table_or_sort = true
	end
	local disp_joins = text_code.disp_joins
	local default_joins = disp_joins['b']
	parms.join_between = default_joins[3] or '; '
	local disp = parms.disp
	if disp == nil then  -- special case for the most common setting
		parms.joins = default_joins
	elseif disp == 'x' then
		-- Later, parms.joins is set from the input parameters.
	else
		-- Old template does this.
		local abbr = parms.abbr
		if disp == 'slash' then
			if abbr_entered == nil then
				disp = 'slash-nbsp'
			elseif abbr == 'in' or abbr == 'out' then
				disp = 'slash-sp'
			else
				disp = 'slash-nosp'
			end
		elseif disp == 'sqbr' then
			if abbr == 'on' then
				disp = 'sqbr-nbsp'
			else
				disp = 'sqbr-sp'
			end
		end
		parms.joins = disp_joins[disp] or default_joins
		parms.join_between = parms.joins[3] or parms.join_between
		parms.wantname = parms.joins.wantname
	end
	if (en_default and not parms.opt_lang_local and (parms[1] or ''):find('%d')) or parms.opt_lang_en then
		from_en_table = nil
	end
	if en_default and from_en_table then
		-- For hiwiki: localized symbol/name is defined with the US symbol/name field,
		-- and is used if output uses localized numbers.
		parms.opt_sp_us = true
	end
	return true
end

local function get_values(parms)
	-- If successful, update parms and return true, v, i where
	--   v = table of input values
	--   i = index to next entry in parms after those processed here
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	local valinfo = collection()  -- numbered table of input values
	local range = collection()  -- numbered table of range items (having, for example, 2 range items requires 3 input values)
	local had_nocomma  -- true if removed &quot;nocomma&quot; kludge from second parameter (like &quot;tonocomma&quot;)
	local parm2 = strip(parms[2])
	if parm2 and parm2:sub(-7, -1) == 'nocomma' then
		parms[2] = strip(parm2:sub(1, -8))
		parms.opt_nocomma = true
		had_nocomma = true
	end
	local function extractor(i)
		-- If the parameter is not a value, try unpacking it as a range (&quot;1-23&quot; for &quot;1 to 23&quot;).
		-- However, &quot;-1-2/3&quot; is a negative fraction (-1⅔), so it must be extracted first.
		-- Do not unpack a parameter if it is like &quot;3-1/2&quot; which is sometimes incorrectly
		-- used instead of &quot;3+1/2&quot; (and which should not be interpreted as &quot;3 to ½&quot;).
		-- Unpacked items are inserted into the parms table.
		-- The tail recursion allows combinations like &quot;1x2 to 3x4&quot;.
		local valstr = strip(parms[i])  -- trim so any '-' as a negative sign will be at start
		local success, result = extract_number(parms, valstr, i &gt; 1)
		if not success and valstr and i &lt; 20 then  -- check i to limit abuse
			local lhs, sep, rhs = valstr:match('^(%S+)%s+(%S+)%s+(%S.*)')
			if lhs and not (sep == '-' and rhs:match('/')) then
				if sep:find('%d') then
					return success, result  -- to reject {{convert|1 234 567|m}} with a decent message (en only)
				end
				parms[i] = rhs
				table.insert(parms, i, sep)
				table.insert(parms, i, lhs)
				return extractor(i)
			end
			if not valstr:match('%-.*/') then
				for _, sep in ipairs(text_code.ranges.words) do
					local start, stop = valstr:find(sep, 2, true)  -- start at 2 to skip any negative sign for range '-'
					if start then
						parms[i] = valstr:sub(stop + 1)
						table.insert(parms, i, sep)
						table.insert(parms, i, valstr:sub(1, start - 1))
						return extractor(i)
					end
				end
			end
		end
		return success, result
	end
	local i = 1
	local is_change
	while true do
		local success, info = extractor(i)  -- need to set parms.opt_nocomma before calling this
		if not success then return false, info end
		i = i + 1
		if is_change then
			info.is_change = true  -- value is after &quot;±&quot; and so is a change (significant for range like {{convert|5|±|5|°C}})
			is_change = nil
		end
		valinfo:add(info)
		local range_item = get_range(strip(parms[i]))
		if not range_item then
			break
		end
		i = i + 1
		range:add(range_item)
		if type(range_item) == 'table' then
			-- For range &quot;x&quot;, if append unit to some values, append it to all.
			parms.in_range_x = parms.in_range_x or range_item.in_range_x
			parms.out_range_x = parms.out_range_x or range_item.out_range_x
			parms.abbr_range_x = parms.abbr_range_x or range_item.abbr_range_x
			is_change = range_item.is_range_change
		end
	end
	if range.n &gt; 0 then
		if range.n &gt; 30 then  -- limit abuse, although 4 is a more likely upper limit
			return false, { 'cvt_invalid_num' }  -- misleading message but it will do
		end
		parms.range = range
	elseif had_nocomma then
		return false, { 'cvt_unknown', parm2 }
	end
	return true, valinfo, i
end

local function simple_get_values(parms)
	-- If input is like &quot;{{convert|valid_value|valid_unit|...}}&quot;,
	-- return true, i, in_unit, in_unit_table
	-- i = index in parms of what follows valid_unit, if anything.
	-- The valid_value is not negative and does not use a fraction, and
	-- no options requiring further processing of the input are used.
	-- Otherwise, return nothing or return false, parm1 for caller to interpret.
	-- Testing shows this function is successful for 96% of converts in articles,
	-- and that on average it speeds up converts by 8%.
	if parms.opt_ri or parms.opt_spell_in then return end
	local clean = to_en(strip(parms[1] or ''), parms)
	if #clean &gt; 10 or not clean:match('^[0-9.]+$') then
		return false, clean
	end
	local value = tonumber(clean)
	if not value then return end
	local info = {
		value = value,
		altvalue = value,
		singular = (value == 1),
		clean = clean,
		show = with_separator(parms, clean),
	}
	local in_unit = strip(parms[2])
	local success, in_unit_table = lookup(parms, in_unit, 'no_combination')
	if not success then return end
	in_unit_table.valinfo = { info }
	return true, 3, in_unit, in_unit_table
end

local function wikidata_call(parms, operation, ...)
	-- Return true, s where s is the result of a Wikidata operation,
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	local function worker(...)
		wikidata_code = wikidata_code or require(wikidata_module)
		wikidata_data = wikidata_data or mw.loadData(wikidata_data_module)
		return wikidata_code[operation](wikidata_data, ...)
	end
	local success, status, result = pcall(worker, ...)
	if success then
		return status, result
	end
	if parms.opt_sortable_debug then
		-- Use debug=yes to crash if an error while accessing Wikidata.
		error('Error accessing Wikidata: ' .. status, 0)
	end
	return false, { 'cvt_wd_fail' }
end

local function get_parms(parms, args)
	-- If successful, update parms and return true, unit where
	--   parms is a table of all arguments passed to the template
	--        converted to named arguments, and
	--   unit is the input unit table;
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	-- For special processing (not a convert), can also return
	-- true, wikitext where wikitext is the final result.
	-- The returned input unit table may be for a fake unit using the specified
	-- unit code as the symbol and name, and with bad_mcode = message code table.
	-- MediaWiki removes leading and trailing whitespace from the values of
	-- named arguments. However, the values of numbered arguments include any
	-- whitespace entered in the template, and whitespace is used by some
	-- parameters (example: the numbered parameters associated with &quot;disp=x&quot;).
	local kv_pairs = {}  -- table of input key:value pairs where key is a name; needed because cannot iterate parms and add new fields to it
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		if type(k) == 'number' or k == 'test' then  -- parameter &quot;test&quot; is reserved for testing and is not translated
			parms[k] = v
		else
			kv_pairs[k] = v
		end
	end
	if parms.test == 'wikidata' then
		local ulookup = function (ucode)
			-- Use empty table for parms so it does not accumulate results when used repeatedly.
			return lookup({}, ucode, 'no_combination')
		end
		return wikidata_call(parms, '_listunits', ulookup)
	end
	local success, msg = translate_parms(parms, kv_pairs)
	if not success then return false, msg end
	if parms.input then
		success, msg = wikidata_call(parms, '_adjustparameters', parms, 1)
		if not success then return false, msg end
	end
	local success, i, in_unit, in_unit_table = simple_get_values(parms)
	if not success then
		if type(i) == 'string' and i:match('^NNN+$') then
			-- Some infoboxes have examples like {{convert|NNN|m}} (3 or more &quot;N&quot;).
			-- Output an empty string for these.
			return false, { 'cvt_no_output' }
		end
		local valinfo
		success, valinfo, i = get_values(parms)
		if not success then return false, valinfo end
		in_unit = strip(parms[i])
		i = i + 1
		success, in_unit_table = lookup(parms, in_unit, 'no_combination')
		if not success then
			in_unit = in_unit or ''
			if parms.opt_ignore_error then  -- display given unit code with no error (for use with {{val}})
				in_unit_table = ''  -- suppress error message and prevent processing of output unit
			end
			in_unit_table = setmetatable({
				symbol = in_unit, name2 = in_unit, utype = in_unit,
				scale = 1, default = '', defkey = '', linkey = '',
				bad_mcode = in_unit_table }, unit_mt)
		end
		in_unit_table.valinfo = valinfo
	end
	if parms.test == 'msg' then
		-- Am testing the messages produced when no output unit is specified, and
		-- the input unit has a missing or invalid default.
		-- Set two units for testing that.
		-- LATER: Remove this code.
		if in_unit == 'chain' then
			in_unit_table.default = nil  -- no default
		elseif in_unit == 'rd' then
			in_unit_table.default  = &quot;ft!X!m&quot;  -- an invalid expression
		end
	end
	in_unit_table.inout = 'in'  -- this is an input unit
	if not parms.range then
		local success, inext, composite_unit = get_composite(parms, i, in_unit_table)
		if not success then return false, inext end
		if composite_unit then
			in_unit_table = composite_unit
			i = inext
		end
	end
	if in_unit_table.builtin == 'mach' then
		-- As with old template, a number following Mach as the input unit is the altitude,
		-- and there is no way to specify an altitude for the output unit.
		-- Could put more code in this function to get any output unit and check for
		-- an altitude following that unit.
		local success, info = extract_number(parms, parms[i], false, true)
		if success then
			i = i + 1
			in_unit_table.altitude = info.value
		end
	end
	local word = strip(parms[i])
	i = i + 1
	local precision, is_bad_precision
	local function set_precision(text)
		local number, is_integer = get_number(text)
		if number then
			if is_integer then
				precision = number
			else
				precision = text
				is_bad_precision = true
			end
			return true  -- text was used for precision, good or bad
		end
	end
	if word and not set_precision(word) then
		parms.out_unit = parms.out_unit or word
		if set_precision(strip(parms[i])) then
			i = i + 1
		end
	end
	if parms.opt_adj_mid then
		word = parms[i]
		i = i + 1
		if word then  -- mid-text words
			if word:sub(1, 1) == '-' then
				parms.mid = word
			else
				parms.mid = ' ' .. word
			end
		end
	end
	if parms.opt_one_preunit then
		parms[parms.opt_flip and 'preunit2' or 'preunit1'] = preunits(1, parms[i])
		i = i + 1
	end
	if parms.disp == 'x' then
		-- Following is reasonably compatible with the old template.
		local first = parms[i] or ''
		local second = parms[i+1] or ''
		i = i + 2
		if strip(first) == '' then  -- user can enter '&amp;#32;' rather than ' ' to avoid the default
			first = ' [&amp;nbsp;' .. first
			second = '&amp;nbsp;]' .. second
		end
		parms.joins = { first, second }
	elseif parms.opt_two_preunits then
		local p1, p2 = preunits(2, parms[i], parms[i+1])
		i = i + 2
		if parms.preunit1 then
			-- To simplify documentation, allow unlikely use of adj=pre with disp=preunit
			-- (however, an output unit must be specified with adj=pre and with disp=preunit).
			parms.preunit1 = parms.preunit1 .. p1
			parms.preunit2 = p2
		else
			parms.preunit1, parms.preunit2 = p1, p2
		end
	end
	if precision == nil then
		if set_precision(strip(parms[i])) then
			i = i + 1
		end
	end
	if is_bad_precision then
		add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_bad_prec', precision)
	else
		parms.precision = precision
	end
	for j = i, i + 3 do
		local parm = parms[j]  -- warn if find a non-empty extraneous parameter
		if parm and parm:match('%S') then
			add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', parm)
			break
		end
	end
	return true, in_unit_table
end

local function record_default_precision(parms, out_current, precision)
	-- If necessary, adjust parameters and return a possibly adjusted precision.
	-- When converting a range of values where a default precision is required,
	-- that default is calculated for each value because the result sometimes
	-- depends on the precise input and output values. This function may cause
	-- the entire convert process to be repeated in order to ensure that the
	-- same default precision is used for each individual convert.
	-- If that were not done, a range like 1000 to 1000.4 may give poor results
	-- because the first output could be heavily rounded, while the second is not.
	-- For range 1000.4 to 1000, this function can give the second convert the
	-- same default precision that was used for the first.
	if not parms.opt_round_each then
		local maxdef = out_current.max_default_precision
		if maxdef then
			if maxdef &lt; precision then
				parms.do_convert_again = true
				out_current.max_default_precision = precision
			else
				precision = out_current.max_default_precision
			end
		else
			out_current.max_default_precision = precision
		end
	end
	return precision
end

local function default_precision(parms, invalue, inclean, denominator, outvalue, in_current, out_current, extra)
	-- Return a default value for precision (an integer like 2, 0, -2).
	-- If denominator is not nil, it is the value of the denominator in inclean.
	-- Code follows procedures used in old template.
	local fudge = 1e-14  -- {{Order of magnitude}} adds this, so we do too
	local prec, minprec, adjust
	local subunit_ignore_trailing_zero
	local subunit_more_precision  -- kludge for &quot;in&quot; used in input like &quot;|2|ft|6|in&quot;
	local composite = in_current.composite
	if composite then
		subunit_ignore_trailing_zero = true  -- input &quot;|2|st|10|lb&quot; has precision 0, not -1
		if composite[#composite].exception == 'subunit_more_precision' then
			subunit_more_precision = true  -- do not use standard precision with input like &quot;|2|ft|6|in&quot;
		end
	end
	if denominator and denominator &gt; 0 then
		prec = math.max(log10(denominator), 1)
	else
		-- Count digits after decimal mark, handling cases like '12.345e6'.
		local exponent
		local integer, dot, decimals, expstr = inclean:match('^(%d*)(%.?)(%d*)(.*)')
		local e = expstr:sub(1, 1)
		if e == 'e' or e == 'E' then
			exponent = tonumber(expstr:sub(2))
		end
		if dot == '' then
			prec = subunit_ignore_trailing_zero and 0 or -integer:match('0*$'):len()
		else
			prec = #decimals
		end
		if exponent then
			-- So '1230' and '1.23e3' both give prec = -1, and '0.00123' and '1.23e-3' give 5.
			prec = prec - exponent
		end
	end
	if in_current.istemperature and out_current.istemperature then
		-- Converting between common temperatures (°C, °F, °R, K); not keVT.
		-- Kelvin value can be almost zero, or small but negative due to precision problems.
		-- Also, an input value like -300 C (below absolute zero) gives negative kelvins.
		-- Calculate minimum precision from absolute value.
		adjust = 0
		local kelvin = abs((invalue - in_current.offset) * in_current.scale)
		if kelvin &lt; 1e-8 then  -- assume nonzero due to input or calculation precision problem
			minprec = 2
		else
			minprec = 2 - floor(log10(kelvin) + fudge)  -- 3 sigfigs in kelvin
		end
	else
		if invalue == 0 or outvalue &lt;= 0 then
			-- We are never called with a negative outvalue, but it might be zero.
			-- This is special-cased to avoid calculation exceptions.
			return record_default_precision(parms, out_current, 0)
		end
		if out_current.exception == 'integer_more_precision' and floor(invalue) == invalue then
			-- With certain output units that sometimes give poor results
			-- with default rounding, use more precision when the input
			-- value is equal to an integer. An example of a poor result
			-- is when input 50 gives a smaller output than input 49.5.
			-- Experiment shows this helps, but it does not eliminate all
			-- surprises because it is not clear whether &quot;50&quot; should be
			-- interpreted as &quot;from 45 to 55&quot; or &quot;from 49.5 to 50.5&quot;.
			adjust = -log10(in_current.scale)
		elseif subunit_more_precision then
			-- Conversion like &quot;{{convert|6|ft|1|in|cm}}&quot; (where subunit is &quot;in&quot;)
			-- has a non-standard adjust value, to give more output precision.
			adjust = log10(out_current.scale) + 2
		else
			adjust = log10(abs(invalue / outvalue))
		end
		adjust = adjust + log10(2)
		-- Ensure that the output has at least two significant figures.
		minprec = 1 - floor(log10(outvalue) + fudge)
	end
	if extra then
		adjust = extra.adjust or adjust
		minprec = extra.minprec or minprec
	end
	return record_default_precision(parms, out_current, math.max(floor(prec + adjust), minprec))
end

local function convert(parms, invalue, info, in_current, out_current)
	-- Convert given input value from one unit to another.
	-- Return output_value (a number) if a simple convert, or
	-- return f, t where
	--   f = true, t = table of information with results, or
	--   f = false, t = error message table.
	local inscale = in_current.scale
	local outscale = out_current.scale
	if not in_current.iscomplex and not out_current.iscomplex then
		return invalue * (inscale / outscale)  -- minimize overhead for most common case
	end
	if in_current.invert or out_current.invert then
		-- Inverted units, such as inverse length, inverse time, or
		-- fuel efficiency. Built-in units do not have invert set.
		if (in_current.invert or 1) * (out_current.invert or 1) &lt; 0 then
			return 1 / (invalue * inscale * outscale)
		end
		return invalue * (inscale / outscale)
	elseif in_current.offset then
		-- Temperature (there are no built-ins for this type of unit).
		if info.is_change then
			return invalue * (inscale / outscale)
		end
		return (invalue - in_current.offset) * (inscale / outscale) + out_current.offset
	else
		-- Built-in unit.
		local in_builtin = in_current.builtin
		local out_builtin = out_current.builtin
		if in_builtin and out_builtin then
			if in_builtin == out_builtin then
				return invalue
			end
			-- There are no cases (yet) where need to convert from one
			-- built-in unit to another, so this should never occur.
			return false, { 'cvt_bug_convert' }
		end
		if in_builtin == 'mach' or out_builtin == 'mach' then
			local adjust
			if in_builtin == 'mach' then
				inscale = speed_of_sound(in_current.altitude)
				adjust = outscale / 0.1
			else
				outscale = speed_of_sound(out_current.altitude)
				adjust = 0.1 / inscale
			end
			return true, {
				outvalue = invalue * (inscale / outscale),
				adjust = log10(adjust) + log10(2),
			}
		elseif in_builtin == 'hand' then
			-- 1 hand = 4 inches; 1.2 hands = 6 inches.
			-- Decimals of a hand are only defined for the first digit, and
			-- the first fractional digit should be a number of inches (1, 2 or 3).
			-- However, this code interprets the entire fractional part as the number
			-- of inches / 10 (so 1.75 inches would be 0.175 hands).
			-- A value like 12.3 hands is exactly 12*4 + 3 inches; base default precision on that.
			local integer, fracpart = math.modf(invalue)
			local inch_value = 4 * integer + 10 * fracpart  -- equivalent number of inches
			local factor = inscale / outscale
			if factor == 4 then
				-- Am converting to inches: show exact result, and use &quot;inches&quot; not &quot;in&quot; by default.
				if parms.abbr_org == nil then
					out_current.usename = true
				end
				local show = format('%g', abs(inch_value))  -- show and clean are unsigned
				if not show:find('e', 1, true) then
					return true, {
						invalue = inch_value,
						outvalue = inch_value,
						clean = show,
						show = show,
					}
				end
			end
			local outvalue = (integer + 2.5 * fracpart) * factor
			local fracstr = info.clean:match('%.(.*)') or ''
			local fmt
			if fracstr == '' then
				fmt = '%.0f'
			else
				fmt = '%.' .. format('%d', #fracstr - 1) .. 'f'
			end
			return true, {
				invalue = inch_value,
				clean = format(fmt, inch_value),
				outvalue = outvalue,
				minprec = 0,
			}
		end
	end
	return false, { 'cvt_bug_convert' }  -- should never occur
end

local function user_style(parms, i)
	-- Return text for a user-specified style for a table cell, or '' if none,
	-- given i = 1 (input style) or 2 (output style).
	local style = parms[(i == 1) and 'stylein' or 'styleout']
	if style then
		style = style:gsub('&quot;', '')
		if style ~= '' then
			if style:sub(-1) ~= ';' then
				style = style .. ';'
			end
			return style
		end
	end
	return ''
end

local function make_table_or_sort(parms, invalue, info, in_current, scaled_top)
	-- Set options to handle output for a table or a sort key, or both.
	-- The text sort key is based on the value resulting from converting
	-- the input to a fake base unit with scale = 1, and other properties
	-- required for a conversion derived from the input unit.
	-- For other modules, return the sort key in a hidden span element, and
	-- the scaled value used to generate the sort key.
	-- If scaled_top is set, it is the scaled value of the numerator of a per unit
	-- to be combined with this unit (the denominator) to make the sort key.
	-- Scaling only works with units that convert with a factor (not temperature).
	local sortkey, scaled_value
	if parms.opt_sortable_on then
		local base = {  -- a fake unit with enough fields for a valid convert
			scale = 1,
			invert = in_current.invert and 1,
			iscomplex = in_current.iscomplex,
			offset = in_current.offset and 0,
		}
		local outvalue, extra = convert(parms, invalue, info, in_current, base)
		if extra then
			outvalue = extra.outvalue
		end
		if in_current.istemperature then
			-- Have converted to kelvin; assume numbers close to zero have a
			-- rounding error and should be zero.
			if abs(outvalue) &lt; 1e-12 then
				outvalue = 0
			end
		end
		if scaled_top and outvalue ~= 0 then
			outvalue = scaled_top / outvalue
		end
		scaled_value = outvalue
		if not valid_number(outvalue) then
			if outvalue &lt; 0 then
				sortkey = '1000000000000000000'
			else
				sortkey = '9000000000000000000'
			end
		elseif outvalue == 0 then
			sortkey = '5000000000000000000'
		else
			local mag = floor(log10(abs(outvalue)) + 1e-14)
			local prefix
			if outvalue &gt; 0 then
				prefix = 7000 + mag
			else
				prefix = 2999 - mag
				outvalue = outvalue + 10^(mag+1)
			end
			sortkey = format('%d', prefix) .. format('%015.0f', floor(outvalue * 10^(14-mag)))
		end
	end
	local sortspan
	if sortkey and (parms.opt_sortable_debug or not parms.table_align) then
		sortspan = parms.opt_sortable_debug and
			'&lt;span style=&quot;border:1px solid;display:inline;&quot; class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;' .. sortkey .. '♠&lt;/span&gt;' or
			'&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot; class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;' .. sortkey .. '♠&lt;/span&gt;'
		parms.join_before = sortspan
	end
	if parms.table_align then
		local style = 'style=&quot;text-align:' .. parms.table_align .. ';'
		local sort = sortkey and ' data-sort-value=&quot;' .. sortkey .. '&quot;' or ''
		local joins = {}
		for i = 1, 2 do
			joins[i] = (i == 1 and '' or '\n|') .. style .. user_style(parms, i) .. '&quot;' .. sort .. '|'
		end
		parms.table_joins = joins
	end
	return sortspan, scaled_value
end

local cvt_to_hand

local function cvtround(parms, info, in_current, out_current)
	-- Return true, t where t is a table with the conversion results; fields:
	--   show = rounded, formatted string with the result of converting value in info,
	--      using the rounding specified in parms.
	--   singular = true if result (after rounding and ignoring any negative sign)
	--      is &quot;1&quot;, or like &quot;1.00&quot;, or is a fraction with value &lt; 1;
	--   (and more fields shown below, and a calculated 'absvalue' field).
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	-- Input info.clean uses en digits (it has been translated, if necessary).
	-- Output show uses en or non-en digits as appropriate, or can be spelled.
	if out_current.builtin == 'hand' then
		return cvt_to_hand(parms, info, in_current, out_current)
	end
	local invalue = in_current.builtin == 'hand' and info.altvalue or info.value
	local outvalue, extra = convert(parms, invalue, info, in_current, out_current)
	if parms.need_table_or_sort then
		parms.need_table_or_sort = nil  -- process using first input value only
		make_table_or_sort(parms, invalue, info, in_current)
	end
	if extra then
		if not outvalue then return false, extra end
		invalue = extra.invalue or invalue
		outvalue = extra.outvalue
	end
	if not valid_number(outvalue) then
		return false, { 'cvt_invalid_num' }
	end
	local isnegative
	if outvalue &lt; 0 then
		isnegative = true
		outvalue = -outvalue
	end
	local precision, show, exponent
	local denominator = out_current.frac
	if denominator then
		show = fraction_table(outvalue, denominator)
	else
		precision = parms.precision
		if not precision then
			if parms.sigfig then
				show, exponent = make_sigfig(outvalue, parms.sigfig)
			elseif parms.opt_round then
				local n = parms.opt_round
				if n == 0.5 then
					local integer, fracpart = math.modf(floor(2 * outvalue + 0.5) / 2)
					if fracpart == 0 then
						show = format('%.0f', integer)
					else
						show = format('%.1f', integer + fracpart)
					end
				else
					show = format('%.0f', floor((outvalue / n) + 0.5) * n)
				end
			else
				local inclean = info.clean
				if extra then
					inclean = extra.clean or inclean
					show = extra.show
				end
				if not show then
					precision = default_precision(parms, invalue, inclean, info.denominator, outvalue, in_current, out_current, extra)
				end
			end
		end
	end
	if precision then
		if precision &gt;= 0 then
			local fudge
			if precision &lt;= 8 then
				-- Add a fudge to handle common cases of bad rounding due to inability
				-- to precisely represent some values. This makes the following work:
				-- {{convert|-100.1|C|K}} and {{convert|5555000|um|m|2}}.
				-- Old template uses #expr round, which invokes PHP round().
				-- LATER: Investigate how PHP round() works.
				fudge = 2e-14
			else
				fudge = 0
			end
			local fmt = '%.' .. format('%d', precision) .. 'f'
			local success
			success, show = pcall(format, fmt, outvalue + fudge)
			if not success then
				return false, { 'cvt_big_prec', tostring(precision) }
			end
		else
			precision = -precision  -- #digits to zero (in addition to any digits after dot)
			local shift = 10 ^ precision
			show = format('%.0f', outvalue/shift)
			if show ~= '0' then
				exponent = #show + precision
			end
		end
	end
	local t = format_number(parms, show, exponent, isnegative)
	if type(show) == 'string' then
		-- Set singular using match because on some systems 0.99999999999999999 is 1.0.
		if exponent then
			t.singular = (exponent == 1 and show:match('^10*$'))
		else
			t.singular = (show == '1' or show:match('^1%.0*$'))
		end
	else
		t.fraction_table = show
		t.singular = (outvalue &lt;= 1)  -- cannot have 'fraction == 1', but if it were possible it would be singular
	end
	t.raw_absvalue = outvalue  -- absolute value before rounding
	return true, setmetatable(t, {
		__index = function (self, key)
			if key == 'absvalue' then
				-- Calculate absolute value after rounding, if needed.
				local clean, exponent = rawget(self, 'clean'), rawget(self, 'exponent')
				local value = tonumber(clean)  -- absolute value (any negative sign has been ignored)
				if exponent then
					value = value * 10^exponent
				end
				rawset(self, key, value)
				return value
			end
		end })
end

function cvt_to_hand(parms, info, in_current, out_current)
	-- Convert input to hands, inches.
	-- Return true, t where t is a table with the conversion results;
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	if parms.abbr_org == nil then
		out_current.usename = true  -- default is to show name not symbol
	end
	local precision = parms.precision
	local frac = out_current.frac
	if not frac and precision and precision &gt; 1 then
		frac = (precision == 2) and 2 or 4
	end
	local out_next = out_current.out_next
	if out_next then
		-- Use magic knowledge to determine whether the next unit is inches without requiring i18n.
		-- The following ensures that when the output combination &quot;hand in&quot; is used, the inches
		-- value is rounded to match the hands value. Also, displaying say &quot;61½&quot; instead of 61.5
		-- is better as 61.5 implies the value is not 61.4.
		if out_next.exception == 'subunit_more_precision' then
			out_next.frac = frac
		end
	end
	-- Convert to inches; calculate hands from that.
	local dummy_unit_table = { scale = out_current.scale / 4, frac = frac }
	local success, outinfo = cvtround(parms, info, in_current, dummy_unit_table)
	if not success then return false, outinfo end
	local tfrac = outinfo.fraction_table
	local inches = outinfo.raw_absvalue
	if tfrac then
		inches = floor(inches)  -- integer part only; fraction added later
	else
		inches = floor(inches + 0.5)  -- a hands measurement never shows decimals of an inch
	end
	local hands, inches = divide(inches, 4)
	outinfo.absvalue = hands + inches/4  -- supposed to be the absolute rounded value, but this is close enough
	local inchstr = tostring(inches)  -- '0', '1', '2' or '3'
	if precision and precision &lt;= 0 then  -- using negative or 0 for precision rounds to nearest hand
		hands = floor(outinfo.raw_absvalue/4 + 0.5)
		inchstr = ''
	elseif tfrac then
		-- Always show an integer before fraction (like &quot;15.0½&quot;) because &quot;15½&quot; means 15-and-a-half hands.
		inchstr = numdot .. format_fraction(parms, 'out', false, inchstr, tfrac.numstr, tfrac.denstr)
	else
		inchstr = numdot .. from_en(inchstr)
	end
	outinfo.show = outinfo.sign .. with_separator(parms, format('%.0f', hands)) .. inchstr
	return true, outinfo
end

local function evaluate_condition(value, condition)
	-- Return true or false from applying a conditional expression to value,
	-- or throw an error if invalid.
	-- A very limited set of expressions is supported:
	--    v &lt; 9
	--    v * 9 &lt; 9
	-- where
	--    'v' is replaced with value
	--    9 is any number (as defined by Lua tonumber)
	--      only en digits are accepted
	--    '&lt;' can also be '&lt;=' or '&gt;' or '&gt;='
	-- In addition, the following form is supported:
	--    LHS and RHS
	-- where
	--    LHS, RHS = any of above expressions.
	local function compare(value, text)
		local arithop, factor, compop, limit = text:match('^%s*v%s*([*]?)(.-)([&lt;&gt;]=?)(.*)$')
		if arithop == nil then
			error('Invalid default expression', 0)
		elseif arithop == '*' then
			factor = tonumber(factor)
			if factor == nil then
				error('Invalid default expression', 0)
			end
			value = value * factor
		end
		limit = tonumber(limit)
		if limit == nil then
			error('Invalid default expression', 0)
		end
		if compop == '&lt;' then
			return value &lt; limit
		elseif compop == '&lt;=' then
			return value &lt;= limit
		elseif compop == '&gt;' then
			return value &gt; limit
		elseif compop == '&gt;=' then
			return value &gt;= limit
		end
		error('Invalid default expression', 0)  -- should not occur
	end
	local lhs, rhs = condition:match('^(.-%W)and(%W.*)')
	if lhs == nil then
		return compare(value, condition)
	end
	return compare(value, lhs) and compare(value, rhs)
end

local function get_default(value, unit_table)
	-- Return true, s where s = name of unit's default output unit,
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	-- Some units have a default that depends on the input value
	-- (the first value if a range of values is used).
	-- If '!' is in the default, the first bang-delimited field is an
	-- expression that uses 'v' to represent the input value.
	-- Example: 'v &lt; 120 ! small ! big ! suffix' (suffix is optional)
	-- evaluates 'v &lt; 120' as a boolean with result
	-- 'smallsuffix' if (value &lt; 120), or 'bigsuffix' otherwise.
	-- Input must use en digits and '.' decimal mark.
	local default = data_code.default_exceptions[unit_table.defkey or unit_table.symbol] or unit_table.default
	if not default then
		local per = unit_table.per
		if per then
			local function a_default(v, u)
				local success, ucode = get_default(v, u)
				if not success then
					return '?'  -- an unlikely error has occurred; will cause lookup of default to fail
				end
				-- Attempt to use only the first unit if a combination or output multiple.
				-- This is not bulletproof but should work for most cases.
				-- Where it does not work, the convert will need to specify the wanted output unit.
				local t = all_units[ucode]
				if t then
					local combo = t.combination
					if combo then
						-- For a multiple like ftin, the &quot;first&quot; unit (ft) is last in the combination.
						local i = t.multiple and table_len(combo) or 1
						ucode = combo[i]
					end
				else
					-- Try for an automatically generated combination.
					local item = ucode:match('^(.-)%+') or ucode:match('^(%S+)%s')
					if all_units[item] then
						return item
					end
				end
				return ucode
			end
			local unit1, unit2 = per[1], per[2]
			local def1 = (unit1 and a_default(value, unit1) or unit_table.vprefix or '')
			local def2 = a_default(1, unit2)  -- 1 because per unit of denominator
			return true, def1 .. '/' .. def2
		end
		return false, { 'cvt_no_default', unit_table.symbol }
	end
	if default:find('!', 1, true) == nil then
		return true, default
	end
	local t = split(default, '!')
	if #t == 3 or #t == 4 then
		local success, result = pcall(evaluate_condition, value, t[1])
		if success then
			default = result and t[2] or t[3]
			if #t == 4 then
				default = default .. t[4]
			end
			return true, default
		end
	end
	return false, { 'cvt_bad_default', unit_table.symbol }
end

local linked_pages  -- to record linked pages so will not link to the same page more than once

local function unlink(unit_table)
	-- Forget that the given unit has previously been linked (if it has).
	-- That is needed when processing a range of inputs or outputs when an id
	-- for the first range value may have been evaluated, but only an id for
	-- the last value is displayed, and that id may need to be linked.
	linked_pages[unit_table.unitcode or unit_table] = nil
end

local function make_link(link, id, unit_table)
	-- Return wikilink &quot;[[link|id]]&quot;, possibly abbreviated as in examples:
	--   [[Mile|mile]]  --&gt; [[mile]]
	--   [[Mile|miles]] --&gt; [[mile]]s
	-- However, just id is returned if:
	-- * no link given (so caller does not need to check if a link was defined); or
	-- * link has previously been used during the current convert (to avoid overlinking).
	local link_key
	if unit_table then
		link_key = unit_table.unitcode or unit_table
	else
		link_key = link
	end
	if not link or link == '' or linked_pages[link_key] then
		return id
	end
	linked_pages[link_key] = true
	-- Following only works for language en, but it should be safe on other wikis,
	-- and overhead of doing it generally does not seem worthwhile.
	local l = link:sub(1, 1):lower() .. link:sub(2)
	if link == id or l == id then
		return '[[' .. id .. ']]'
	elseif link .. 's' == id or l .. 's' == id then
		return '[[' .. id:sub(1, -2) .. ']]s'
	else
		return '[[' .. link .. '|' .. id .. ']]'
	end
end

local function variable_name(clean, unit_table)
	-- For slwiki, a unit name depends on the value.
	-- Parameter clean is the unsigned rounded value in en digits, as a string.
	-- Value             Source    Example for &quot;m&quot;
	-- integer 1:        name1     meter  (also is the name of the unit)
	-- integer 2:        var{1}    metra
	-- integer 3 and 4:  var{2}    metri
	-- integer else:     var{3}    metrov (0 and 5 or more)
	-- real/fraction:    var{4}    metra
	-- var{i} means the i'th field in unit_table.varname if it exists and has
	-- an i'th field, otherwise name2.
	-- Fields are separated with &quot;!&quot; and are not empty.
	-- A field for a unit using an SI prefix has the prefix name inserted,
	-- replacing '#' if found, or before the field otherwise.
	local vname
	if clean == '1' then
		vname = unit_table.name1
	elseif unit_table.varname then
		local i
		if clean == '2' then
			i = 1
		elseif clean == '3' or clean == '4' then
			i = 2
		elseif clean:find('.', 1, true) then
			i = 4
		else
			i = 3
		end
		if i &gt; 1 and varname == 'pl' then
			i = i - 1
		end
		vname = split(unit_table.varname, '!')[i]
	end
	if vname then
		local si_name = rawget(unit_table, 'si_name') or ''
		local pos = vname:find('#', 1, true)
		if pos then
			vname = vname:sub(1, pos - 1) .. si_name .. vname:sub(pos + 1)
		else
			vname = si_name .. vname
		end
		return vname
	end
	return unit_table.name2
end

local function linked_id(parms, unit_table, key_id, want_link, clean)
	-- Return final unit id (symbol or name), optionally with a wikilink,
	-- and update unit_table.sep if required.
	-- key_id is one of: 'symbol', 'sym_us', 'name1', 'name1_us', 'name2', 'name2_us'.
	local abbr_on = (key_id == 'symbol' or key_id == 'sym_us')
	if abbr_on and want_link then
		local symlink = rawget(unit_table, 'symlink')
		if symlink then
			return symlink  -- for exceptions that have the linked symbol built-in
		end
	end
	local multiplier = rawget(unit_table, 'multiplier')
	local per = unit_table.per
	if per then
		local paren1, paren2 = '', ''  -- possible parentheses around bottom unit
		local unit1 = per[1]  -- top unit_table, or nil
		local unit2 = per[2]  -- bottom unit_table
		if abbr_on then
			if not unit1 then
				unit_table.sep = ''  -- no separator in &quot;$2/acre&quot;
			end
			if not want_link then
				local symbol = unit_table.symbol_raw
				if symbol then
					return symbol  -- for exceptions that have the symbol built-in
				end
			end
			if (unit2.symbol):find('⋅', 1, true) then
				paren1, paren2 = '(', ')'
			end
		end
		local key_id2  -- unit2 is always singular
		if key_id == 'name2' then
			key_id2 = 'name1'
		elseif key_id == 'name2_us' then
			key_id2 = 'name1_us'
		else
			key_id2 = key_id
		end
		local result
		if abbr_on then
			result = '/'
		elseif omitsep then
			result = per_word
		elseif unit1 then
			result = ' ' .. per_word .. ' '
		else
			result = per_word .. ' '
		end
		if want_link and unit_table.link then
			if abbr_on or not varname then
				result = (unit1 and linked_id(parms, unit1, key_id, false, clean) or '') .. result .. linked_id(parms, unit2, key_id2, false, '1')
			else
				result = (unit1 and variable_name(clean, unit1) or '') .. result .. variable_name('1', unit2)
			end
			if omit_separator(result) then
				unit_table.sep = ''
			end
			return make_link(unit_table.link, result, unit_table)
		end
		if unit1 then
			result = linked_id(parms, unit1, key_id, want_link, clean) .. result
			if unit1.sep then
				unit_table.sep = unit1.sep
			end
		elseif omitsep then
			unit_table.sep = ''
		end
		return result .. paren1 .. linked_id(parms, unit2, key_id2, want_link, '1') .. paren2
	end
	if multiplier then
		-- A multiplier (like &quot;100&quot; in &quot;100km&quot;) forces the unit to be plural.
		multiplier = from_en(multiplier)
		if not omitsep then
			multiplier = multiplier .. (abbr_on and '&amp;nbsp;' or ' ')
		end
		if not abbr_on then
			if key_id == 'name1' then
				key_id = 'name2'
			elseif key_id == 'name1_us' then
				key_id = 'name2_us'
			end
		end
	else
		multiplier = ''
	end
	local id = unit_table.fixed_name or ((varname and not abbr_on) and variable_name(clean, unit_table) or unit_table[key_id])
	if omit_separator(id) then
		unit_table.sep = ''
	end
	if want_link then
		local link = data_code.link_exceptions[unit_table.linkey or unit_table.symbol] or unit_table.link
		if link then
			local before = ''
			local i = unit_table.customary
			if i == 1 and parms.opt_sp_us then
				i = 2  -- show &quot;U.S.&quot; not &quot;US&quot;
			end
			if i == 3 and abbr_on then
				i = 4  -- abbreviate &quot;imperial&quot; to &quot;imp&quot;
			end
			local customary = text_code.customary_units[i]
			if customary then
				-- LATER: This works for language en only, but it's esoteric so ignore for now.
				local pertext
				if id:sub(1, 1) == '/' then
					-- Want unit &quot;/USgal&quot; to display as &quot;/U.S. gal&quot;, not &quot;U.S. /gal&quot;.
					pertext = '/'
					id = id:sub(2)
				elseif id:sub(1, 4) == 'per ' then
					-- Similarly want &quot;per U.S. gallon&quot;, not &quot;U.S. per gallon&quot; (but in practice this is unlikely to be used).
					pertext = 'per '
					id = id:sub(5)
				else
					pertext = ''
				end
				-- Omit any &quot;US&quot;/&quot;U.S.&quot;/&quot;imp&quot;/&quot;imperial&quot; from start of id since that will be inserted.
				local removes = (i &lt; 3) and { 'US&amp;nbsp;', 'US ', 'U.S.&amp;nbsp;', 'U.S. ' } or { 'imp&amp;nbsp;', 'imp ', 'imperial ' }
				for _, prefix in ipairs(removes) do
					local plen = #prefix
					if id:sub(1, plen) == prefix then
						id = id:sub(plen + 1)
						break
					end
				end
				before = pertext .. make_link(customary.link, customary[1]) .. ' '
			end
			id = before .. make_link(link, id, unit_table)
		end
	end
	return multiplier .. id
end

local function make_id(parms, which, unit_table)
	-- Return id, f where
	--   id = unit name or symbol, possibly modified
	--   f = true if id is a name, or false if id is a symbol
	-- using the value for index 'which', and for 'in' or 'out' (unit_table.inout).
	-- Result is '' if no symbol/name is to be used.
	-- In addition, set unit_table.sep = ' ' or '&amp;nbsp;' or ''
	-- (the separator that caller will normally insert before the id).
	if parms.opt_values then
		unit_table.sep = ''
		return ''
	end
	local inout = unit_table.inout
	local info = unit_table.valinfo[which]
	local abbr_org = parms.abbr_org
	local adjectival = parms.opt_adjectival
	local lk = parms.lk
	local want_link = (lk == 'on' or lk == inout)
	local usename = unit_table.usename
	local singular = info.singular
	local want_name
	if usename then
		want_name = true
	else
		if abbr_org == nil then
			if parms.wantname then
				want_name = true
			end
			if unit_table.usesymbol then
				want_name = false
			end
		end
		if want_name == nil then
			local abbr = parms.abbr
			if abbr == 'on' or abbr == inout or (abbr == 'mos' and inout == 'out') then
				want_name = false
			else
				want_name = true
			end
		end
	end
	local key
	if want_name then
		if lk == nil and unit_table.builtin == 'hand' then
			want_link = true
		end
		if parms.opt_use_nbsp then
			unit_table.sep = '&amp;nbsp;'
		else
			unit_table.sep = ' '
		end
		if parms.opt_singular then
			local value
			if inout == 'in' then
				value = info.value
			else
				value = info.absvalue
			end
			if value then  -- some unusual units do not always set value field
				value = abs(value)
				singular = (0 &lt; value and value &lt; 1.0001)
			end
		end
		if unit_table.engscale then
			-- engscale: so &quot;|1|e3kg&quot; gives &quot;1 thousand kilograms&quot; (plural)
			singular = false
		end
		key = (adjectival or singular) and 'name1' or 'name2'
		if parms.opt_sp_us then
			key = key .. '_us'
		end
	else
		if unit_table.builtin == 'hand' then
			if parms.opt_hand_hh then
				unit_table.symbol = 'hh'  -- LATER: might want i18n applied to this
			end
		end
		unit_table.sep = '&amp;nbsp;'
		key = parms.opt_sp_us and 'sym_us' or 'symbol'
	end
	return linked_id(parms, unit_table, key, want_link, info.clean), want_name
end

local function decorate_value(parms, unit_table, which, number_word)
	-- If needed, update unit_table so values will be shown with extra information.
	-- For consistency with the old template (but different from fmtpower),
	-- the style to display powers of 10 includes &quot;display:none&quot; to allow some
	-- browsers to copy, for example, &quot;10³&quot; as &quot;10^3&quot;, rather than as &quot;103&quot;.
	local info
	local engscale = unit_table.engscale
	local prefix = unit_table.vprefix
	if engscale or prefix then
		info = unit_table.valinfo[which]
		if info.decorated then
			return  -- do not redecorate if repeating convert
		end
		info.decorated = true
		if engscale then
			local inout = unit_table.inout
			local abbr = parms.abbr
			if (abbr == 'on' or abbr == inout) and not parms.number_word then
				info.show = info.show ..
				'&lt;span style=&quot;margin-left:0.2em&quot;&gt;×&lt;span style=&quot;margin-left:0.1em&quot;&gt;' ..
				from_en('10') ..
				'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;s style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;^&lt;/s&gt;&lt;sup&gt;' ..
				from_en(tostring(engscale.exponent)) .. '&lt;/sup&gt;'
			elseif number_word then
				local number_id
				local lk = parms.lk
				if lk == 'on' or lk == inout then
					number_id = make_link(engscale.link, engscale[1])
				else
					number_id = engscale[1]
				end
				-- WP:NUMERAL recommends &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot; in values like &quot;12 million&quot;.
				info.show = info.show .. (parms.opt_adjectival and '-' or '&amp;nbsp;') .. number_id
			end
		end
		if prefix then
			info.show = prefix .. info.show
		end
	end
end

local function process_input(parms, in_current)
	-- Processing required once per conversion.
	-- Return block of text to represent input (value/unit).
	if parms.opt_output_only or parms.opt_output_number_only or parms.opt_output_unit_only then
		parms.joins = { '', '' }
		return ''
	end
	local first_unit
	local composite = in_current.composite  -- nil or table of units
	if composite then
		first_unit = composite[1]
	else
		first_unit = in_current
	end
	local id1, want_name = make_id(parms, 1, first_unit)
	local sep = first_unit.sep  -- separator between value and unit, set by make_id
	local preunit = parms.preunit1
	if preunit then
		sep = ''  -- any separator is included in preunit
	else
		preunit = ''
	end
	if parms.opt_input_unit_only then
		parms.joins = { '', '' }
		if composite then
			local parts = { id1 }
			for i, unit in ipairs(composite) do
				if i &gt; 1 then
					table.insert(parts, (make_id(parms, 1, unit)))
				end
			end
			id1 = table.concat(parts, ' ')
		end
		if want_name and parms.opt_adjectival then
			return preunit .. hyphenated(id1)
		end
		return  preunit .. id1
	end
	if parms.opt_also_symbol and not composite and not parms.opt_flip then
		local join1 = parms.joins[1]
		if join1 == ' (' or join1 == ' [' then
			parms.joins = { ' [' .. first_unit[parms.opt_sp_us and 'sym_us' or 'symbol'] .. ']' .. join1 , parms.joins[2] }
		end
	end
	if in_current.builtin == 'mach' and first_unit.sep ~= '' then  -- '' means omitsep with non-enwiki name
		local prefix = id1 .. '&amp;nbsp;'
		local range = parms.range
		local valinfo = first_unit.valinfo
		local result = prefix .. valinfo[1].show
		if range then
			-- For simplicity and because more not needed, handle one range item only.
			local prefix2 = make_id(parms, 2, first_unit) .. '&amp;nbsp;'
			result = range_text(range[1], want_name, parms, result, prefix2 .. valinfo[2].show, 'in')
		end
		return preunit .. result
	end
	if composite then
		-- Simplify: assume there is no range, and no decoration.
		local mid = (not parms.opt_flip) and parms.mid or ''
		local sep1 = '&amp;nbsp;'
		local sep2 = ' '
		if parms.opt_adjectival and want_name then
			sep1 = '-'
			sep2 = '-'
		end
		if omitsep and sep == '' then
			-- Testing the id of the most significant unit should be sufficient.
			sep1 = ''
			sep2 = ''
		end
		local parts = { first_unit.valinfo[1].show .. sep1 .. id1 }
		for i, unit in ipairs(composite) do
			if i &gt; 1 then
				table.insert(parts, unit.valinfo[1].show .. sep1 .. (make_id(parms, 1, unit)))
			end
		end
		return table.concat(parts, sep2) .. mid
	end
	local add_unit = (parms.abbr == 'mos') or
		parms[parms.opt_flip and 'out_range_x' or 'in_range_x'] or
		(not want_name and parms.abbr_range_x)
	local range = parms.range
	if range and not add_unit then
		unlink(first_unit)
	end
	local id = range and make_id(parms, range.n + 1, first_unit) or id1
	local extra, was_hyphenated = hyphenated_maybe(parms, want_name, sep, id, 'in')
	if was_hyphenated then
		add_unit = false
	end
	local result
	local valinfo = first_unit.valinfo
	if range then
		for i = 0, range.n do
			local number_word
			if i == range.n then
				add_unit = false
				number_word = true
			end
			decorate_value(parms, first_unit, i+1, number_word)
			local show = valinfo[i+1].show
			if add_unit then
				show = show .. first_unit.sep .. (i == 0 and id1 or make_id(parms, i+1, first_unit))
			end
			if i == 0 then
				result = show
			else
				result = range_text(range[i], want_name, parms, result, show, 'in')
			end
		end
	else
		decorate_value(parms, first_unit, 1, true)
		result = valinfo[1].show
	end
	return result .. preunit .. extra
end

local function process_one_output(parms, out_current)
	-- Processing required for each output unit.
	-- Return block of text to represent output (value/unit).
	local inout = out_current.inout  -- normally 'out' but can be 'in' for order=out
	local id1, want_name = make_id(parms, 1, out_current)
	local sep = out_current.sep  -- set by make_id
	local preunit = parms.preunit2
	if preunit then
		sep = ''  -- any separator is included in preunit
	else
		preunit = ''
	end
	if parms.opt_output_unit_only then
		if want_name and parms.opt_adjectival then
			return preunit .. hyphenated(id1)
		end
		return preunit .. id1
	end
	if out_current.builtin == 'mach' and out_current.sep ~= '' then  -- '' means omitsep with non-enwiki name
		local prefix = id1 .. '&amp;nbsp;'
		local range = parms.range
		local valinfo = out_current.valinfo
		local result = prefix .. valinfo[1].show
		if range then
			-- For simplicity and because more not needed, handle one range item only.
			result = range_text(range[1], want_name, parms, result, prefix .. valinfo[2].show, inout)
		end
		return preunit .. result
	end
	local add_unit = (parms[parms.opt_flip and 'in_range_x' or 'out_range_x'] or
		(not want_name and parms.abbr_range_x)) and
		not parms.opt_output_number_only
	local range = parms.range
	if range and not add_unit then
		unlink(out_current)
	end
	local id = range and make_id(parms, range.n + 1, out_current) or id1
	local extra, was_hyphenated = hyphenated_maybe(parms, want_name, sep, id, inout)
	if was_hyphenated then
		add_unit = false
	end
	local result
	local valinfo = out_current.valinfo
	if range then
		for i = 0, range.n do
			local number_word
			if i == range.n then
				add_unit = false
				number_word = true
			end
			decorate_value(parms, out_current, i+1, number_word)
			local show = valinfo[i+1].show
			if add_unit then
				show = show .. out_current.sep .. (i == 0 and id1 or make_id(parms, i+1, out_current))
			end
			if i == 0 then
				result = show
			else
				result = range_text(range[i], want_name, parms, result, show, inout)
			end
		end
	else
		decorate_value(parms, out_current, 1, true)
		result = valinfo[1].show
	end
	if parms.opt_output_number_only then
		return result
	end
	return result .. preunit .. extra
end

local function make_output_single(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table)
	-- Return true, item where item = wikitext of the conversion result
	-- for a single output (which is not a combination or a multiple);
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	if parms.opt_order_out and in_unit_table.unitcode == out_unit_table.unitcode then
		out_unit_table.valinfo = in_unit_table.valinfo
	else
		out_unit_table.valinfo = collection()
		for _, v in ipairs(in_unit_table.valinfo) do
			local success, info = cvtround(parms, v, in_unit_table, out_unit_table)
			if not success then return false, info end
			out_unit_table.valinfo:add(info)
		end
	end
	return true, process_one_output(parms, out_unit_table)
end

local function make_output_multiple(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table)
	-- Return true, item where item = wikitext of the conversion result
	-- for an output which is a multiple (like 'ftin');
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	local inout = out_unit_table.inout  -- normally 'out' but can be 'in' for order=out
	local multiple = out_unit_table.multiple  -- table of scaling factors (will not be nil)
	local combos = out_unit_table.combination  -- table of unit tables (will not be nil)
	local abbr = parms.abbr
	local abbr_org = parms.abbr_org
	local disp = parms.disp
	local want_name = (abbr_org == nil and (disp == 'or' or disp == 'slash')) or
						not (abbr == 'on' or abbr == inout or abbr == 'mos')
	local want_link = (parms.lk == 'on' or parms.lk == inout)
	local mid = parms.opt_flip and parms.mid or ''
	local sep1 = '&amp;nbsp;'
	local sep2 = ' '
	if parms.opt_adjectival and want_name then
		sep1 = '-'
		sep2 = '-'
	end
	local do_spell = parms.opt_spell_out
	parms.opt_spell_out = nil  -- so the call to cvtround does not spell the value
	local function make_result(info, isfirst)
		local fmt, outvalue, sign
		local results = {}
		for i = 1, #combos do
			local tfrac, thisvalue, strforce
			local out_current = combos[i]
			out_current.inout = inout
			local scale = multiple[i]
			if i == 1 then  -- least significant unit ('in' from 'ftin')
				local decimals
				out_current.frac = out_unit_table.frac
				local success, outinfo = cvtround(parms, info, in_unit_table, out_current)
				if not success then return false, outinfo end
				if isfirst then
					out_unit_table.valinfo = { outinfo }  -- in case output value of first least significant unit is needed
				end
				sign = outinfo.sign
				tfrac = outinfo.fraction_table
				if outinfo.is_scientific then
					strforce = outinfo.show
					decimals = ''
				elseif tfrac then
					decimals = ''
				else
					local show = outinfo.show  -- number as a string in local language
					local p1, p2 = show:find(numdot, 1, true)
					decimals = p1 and show:sub(p2 + 1) or ''  -- text after numdot, if any
				end
				fmt = '%.' .. ulen(decimals) .. 'f'  -- to reproduce precision
				if decimals == '' then
					if tfrac then
						outvalue = floor(outinfo.raw_absvalue)  -- integer part only; fraction added later
					else
						outvalue = floor(outinfo.raw_absvalue + 0.5)  -- keep all integer digits of least significant unit
					end
				else
					outvalue = outinfo.absvalue
				end
			end
			if scale then
				outvalue, thisvalue = divide(outvalue, scale)
			else
				thisvalue = outvalue
			end
			local id
			if want_name then
				if varname then
					local clean
					if strforce or tfrac then
						clean = '.1'  -- dummy value to force name for floating point
					else
						clean = format(fmt, thisvalue)
					end
					id = variable_name(clean, out_current)
				else
					local key = 'name2'
					if parms.opt_adjectival then
						key = 'name1'
					elseif tfrac then
						if thisvalue == 0 then
							key = 'name1'
						end
					elseif parms.opt_singular then
						if 0 &lt; thisvalue and thisvalue &lt; 1.0001 then
							key = 'name1'
						end
					else
						if thisvalue == 1 then
							key = 'name1'
						end
					end
					id = out_current[key]
				end
			else
				id = out_current['symbol']
			end
			if i == 1 and omit_separator(id) then
				-- Testing the id of the least significant unit should be sufficient.
				sep1 = ''
				sep2 = ''
			end
			if want_link then
				local link = out_current.link
				if link then
					id = make_link(link, id, out_current)
				end
			end
			local strval
			local spell_inout = (i == #combos or outvalue == 0) and inout or ''  -- trick so the last value processed (first displayed) has uppercase, if requested
			if strforce and outvalue == 0 then
				sign = ''  -- any sign is in strforce
				strval = strforce  -- show small values in scientific notation; will only use least significant unit
			elseif tfrac then
				local wholestr = (thisvalue &gt; 0) and tostring(thisvalue) or nil
				strval = format_fraction(parms, spell_inout, false, wholestr, tfrac.numstr, tfrac.denstr, do_spell)
			else
				strval = (thisvalue == 0) and from_en('0') or with_separator(parms, format(fmt, thisvalue))
				if do_spell then
					strval = spell_number(parms, spell_inout, strval) or strval
				end
			end
			table.insert(results, strval .. sep1 .. id)
			if outvalue == 0 then
				break
			end
			fmt = '%.0f'  -- only least significant unit can have a non-integral value
		end
		local reversed, count = {}, #results
		for i = 1, count do
			reversed[i] = results[count + 1 - i]
		end
		return true, sign .. table.concat(reversed, sep2)
	end
	local valinfo = in_unit_table.valinfo
	local success, result = make_result(valinfo[1], true)
	if not success then return false, result end
	local range = parms.range
	if range then
		for i = 1, range.n do
			local success, result2 = make_result(valinfo[i+1])
			if not success then return false, result2 end
			result = range_text(range[i], want_name, parms, result, result2, inout)
		end
	end
	return true, result .. mid
end

local function process(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table)
	-- Return true, s, outunit where s = final wikitext result,
	-- or return false, t where t is an error message table.
	linked_pages = {}
	local success, bad_output
	local bad_input_mcode = in_unit_table.bad_mcode  -- nil if input unit is a valid convert unit
	local out_unit = parms.out_unit
	if out_unit == nil or out_unit == '' or type(out_unit) == 'function' then
		if bad_input_mcode or parms.opt_input_unit_only then
			bad_output = ''
		else
			local getdef = type(out_unit) == 'function' and out_unit or get_default
			success, out_unit = getdef(in_unit_table.valinfo[1].value, in_unit_table)
			parms.out_unit = out_unit
			if not success then
				bad_output = out_unit
			end
		end
	end
	if not bad_output and not out_unit_table then
		success, out_unit_table = lookup(parms, out_unit, 'any_combination')
		if success then
			local mismatch = check_mismatch(in_unit_table, out_unit_table)
			if mismatch then
				bad_output = mismatch
			end
		else
			bad_output = out_unit_table
		end
	end
	local lhs, rhs
	local flipped = parms.opt_flip and not bad_input_mcode
	if bad_output then
		rhs = (bad_output == '') and '' or message(parms, bad_output)
	elseif parms.opt_input_unit_only then
		rhs = ''
	else
		local combos  -- nil (for 'ft' or 'ftin'), or table of unit tables (for 'm ft')
		if not out_unit_table.multiple then  -- nil/false ('ft' or 'm ft'), or table of factors ('ftin')
			combos = out_unit_table.combination
		end
		local frac = parms.frac  -- nil or denominator of fraction for output values
		if frac then
			-- Apply fraction to the unit (if only one), or to non-SI units (if a combination),
			-- except that if a precision is also specified, the fraction only applies to
			-- the hand unit; that allows the following result:
			-- {{convert|156|cm|in hand|1|frac=2}} → 156 centimetres (61.4 in; 15.1½ hands)
			-- However, the following is handled elsewhere as a special case:
			-- {{convert|156|cm|hand in|1|frac=2}} → 156 centimetres (15.1½ hands; 61½ in)
			if combos then
				local precision = parms.precision
				for _, unit in ipairs(combos) do
					if unit.builtin == 'hand' or (not precision and not unit.prefixes) then
						unit.frac = frac
					end
				end
			else
				out_unit_table.frac = frac
			end
		end
		local outputs = {}
		local imax = combos and #combos or 1  -- 1 (single unit) or number of unit tables
		if imax == 1 then
			parms.opt_order_out = nil  -- only useful with an output combination
		end
		if not flipped and not parms.opt_order_out then
			-- Process left side first so any duplicate links (from lk=on) are suppressed
			-- on right. Example: {{convert|28|e9pc|e9ly|abbr=off|lk=on}}
			lhs = process_input(parms, in_unit_table)
		end
		for i = 1, imax do
			local success, item
			local out_current = combos and combos[i] or out_unit_table
			out_current.inout = 'out'
			if i == 1 then
				if imax &gt; 1 and out_current.builtin == 'hand' then
					out_current.out_next = combos[2]  -- built-in hand can influence next unit in a combination
				end
				if parms.opt_order_out then
					out_current.inout = 'in'
				end
			end
			if out_current.multiple then
				success, item = make_output_multiple(parms, in_unit_table, out_current)
			else
				success, item = make_output_single(parms, in_unit_table, out_current)
			end
			if not success then return false, item end
			outputs[i] = item
		end
		if parms.opt_order_out then
			lhs = outputs[1]
			table.remove(outputs, 1)
		end
		local sep = parms.table_joins and parms.table_joins[2] or parms.join_between
		rhs = table.concat(outputs, sep)
	end
	if flipped or not lhs then
		local input = process_input(parms, in_unit_table)
		if flipped then
			lhs = rhs
			rhs = input
		else
			lhs = input
		end
	end
	if parms.join_before then
		lhs = parms.join_before .. lhs
	end
	local wikitext
	if bad_input_mcode then
		if bad_input_mcode == '' then
			wikitext = lhs
		else
			wikitext = lhs .. message(parms, bad_input_mcode)
		end
	elseif parms.table_joins then
		wikitext = parms.table_joins[1] .. lhs .. parms.table_joins[2] .. rhs
	else
		wikitext = lhs .. parms.joins[1] .. rhs .. parms.joins[2]
	end
	if parms.warnings and not bad_input_mcode then
		wikitext = wikitext .. parms.warnings
	end
	return true, wikitext, out_unit_table
end

local function main_convert(frame)
	-- Do convert, and if needed, do it again with higher default precision.
	local parms = { frame = frame }  -- will hold template arguments, after translation
	set_config(frame.args)
	local success, result = get_parms(parms, frame:getParent().args)
	if success then
		if type(result) ~= 'table' then
			return tostring(result)
		end
		local in_unit_table = result
		local out_unit_table
		for _ = 1, 2 do  -- use counter so cannot get stuck repeating convert
			success, result, out_unit_table = process(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table)
			if success and parms.do_convert_again then
				parms.do_convert_again = false
			else
				break
			end
		end
	end
	-- If input=x gives a problem, the result should be just the user input
	-- (if x is a property like P123 it has been replaced with '').
	-- An unknown input unit would display the input and an error message
	-- with success == true at this point.
	-- Also, can have success == false with a message that outputs an empty string.
	if parms.input_text then
		if success and not parms.have_problem then
			return result
		end
		local cat
		if parms.tracking then
			-- Add a tracking category using the given text as the category sort key.
			-- There is currently only one type of tracking, but in principle multiple
			-- items could be tracked, using different sort keys for convenience.
			cat = wanted_category('tracking', parms.tracking)
		end
		return parms.input_text .. (cat or '')
	end
	return success and result or message(parms, result)
end

local function _unit(unitcode, options)
	-- Helper function for Module:Val to look up a unit.
	-- Parameter unitcode must be a string to identify the wanted unit.
	-- Parameter options must be nil or a table with optional fields:
	--   value = number (for sort key; default value is 1)
	--   scaled_top = nil for a normal unit, or a number for a unit which is
	--                the denominator of a per unit (for sort key)
	--   si = { 'symbol', 'link' }
	--                (a table with two strings) to make an SI unit
	--                that will be used for the look up
	--   link = true if result should be [[linked]]
	--   sort = 'on' or 'debug' if result should include a sort key in a
	--                span element ('debug' makes the key visible)
	--   name = true for the name of the unit instead of the symbol
	--   us = true for the US spelling of the unit, if any
	-- Return nil if unitcode is not a non-empty string.
	-- Otherwise return a table with fields:
	--   text = requested symbol or name of unit, optionally linked
	--   scaled_value = input value adjusted by unit scale; used for sort key
	--   sortspan = span element with sort key like that provided by {{ntsh}},
	--     calculated from the result of converting value
	--     to a base unit with scale 1.
	--   unknown = true if the unitcode was not known
	unitcode = strip(unitcode)
	if unitcode == nil or unitcode == '' then
		return nil
	end
	set_config({})
	linked_pages = {}
	options = options or {}
	local parms = {
		abbr = options.name and 'off' or 'on',
		lk = options.link and 'on' or nil,
		opt_sp_us = options.us and true or nil,
		opt_ignore_error = true,  -- do not add pages using this function to 'what links here' for Module:Convert/extra
		opt_sortable_on = options.sort == 'on' or options.sort == 'debug',
		opt_sortable_debug = options.sort == 'debug',
	}
	if options.si then
		-- Make a dummy table of units (just one unit) for lookup to use.
		-- This makes lookup recognize any SI prefix in the unitcode.
		local symbol = options.si[1] or '?'
		parms.unittable = { [symbol] = {
			_name1 = symbol,
			_name2 = symbol,
			_symbol = symbol,
			utype = symbol,
			scale = symbol == 'g' and 0.001 or 1,
			prefixes = 1,
			default = symbol,
			link = options.si[2],
		}}
	end
	local success, unit_table = lookup(parms, unitcode, 'no_combination')
	if not success then
		unit_table = setmetatable({
			symbol = unitcode, name2 = unitcode, utype = unitcode,
			scale = 1, default = '', defkey = '', linkey = '' }, unit_mt)
	end
	local value = tonumber(options.value) or 1
	local clean = tostring(abs(value))
	local info = {
		value = value,
		altvalue = value,
		singular = (clean == '1'),
		clean = clean,
		show = clean,
	}
	unit_table.inout = 'in'
	unit_table.valinfo = { info }
	local sortspan, scaled_value
	if options.sort then
		sortspan, scaled_value = make_table_or_sort(parms, value, info, unit_table, options.scaled_top)
	end
	return {
		text = make_id(parms, 1, unit_table),
		sortspan = sortspan,
		scaled_value = scaled_value,
		unknown = not success and true or nil,
	}
end

return { convert = main_convert, _unit = _unit }</text>
      <sha1>40e4xlytrxxerkx5e3rkboagpgv9fwv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Convert/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5553</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32064</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:03:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For {{convert}}</comment>
      <origin>32064</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="174491" sha1="6wzcf8j5sxao123sxexk5xtzh9rc3oo" xml:space="preserve">-- Conversion data used by [[Module:Convert]] which uses mw.loadData() for
-- read-only access to this module so that it is loaded only once per page.
-- See [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] if copying to another wiki.
--
-- These data tables follow:
--   all_units           all properties for a unit, including default output
--   default_exceptions  exceptions for default output ('kg' and 'g' have different defaults)
--   link_exceptions     exceptions for links ('kg' and 'g' have different links)
--
-- These tables are generated by a script which reads the wikitext of a page that
-- documents the required properties of each unit; see [[:en:Module:Convert/doc]].

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running --
-- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above).   --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
local all_units = {
    [&quot;Gy&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;gray&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;Gy&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;absorbed radiation dose&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;rad&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gray (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;rad&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;rad&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;rad&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;absorbed radiation dose&quot;,
	scale    = 0.01,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;Gy&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Rad (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cm/s2&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;centimetre per second squared&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;centimeter per second squared&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;centimetres per second squared&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;centimeters per second squared&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cm/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;acceleration&quot;,
	scale    = 0.01,
	default  = &quot;ft/s2&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gal (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft/s2&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot per second squared&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;feet per second squared&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;acceleration&quot;,
	scale    = 0.3048,
	default  = &quot;m/s2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g0&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;standard gravity&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;standard gravities&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;''g&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;''&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;acceleration&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;m/s2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km/hs&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilometre per hour per second&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilometer per hour per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilometres per hour per second&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilometers per hour per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;km/(h⋅s)&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;acceleration&quot;,
	scale    = 0.27777777777777779,
	default  = &quot;mph/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Acceleration&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km/s2&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilometre per second squared&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilometer per second squared&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilometres per second squared&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilometers per second squared&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;km/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;acceleration&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;mph/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Acceleration&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m/s2&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metre per second squared&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;meter per second squared&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metres per second squared&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;meters per second squared&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;acceleration&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;ft/s2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mph/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mile per hour per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;miles per hour per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mph/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;acceleration&quot;,
	scale    = 0.44704,
	default  = &quot;km/hs&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Acceleration&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km/h/s&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;km/hs&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;standard gravity&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;g0&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;1000sqft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;thousand square feet&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;thousand square feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;1000&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 92.90304,
	default  = &quot;m2&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Square foot&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;a&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;are&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 100,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;sqft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Hectare#Are&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;acre&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;acre&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 4046.8564224,
	default  = &quot;ha&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;rood&quot;] = { 4, default = &quot;ha&quot; }, [&quot;sqperch&quot;] = { 160, default = &quot;ha&quot; } },
    },
    [&quot;acre-sing&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;arpent&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;arpent&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 3418.89,
	default  = &quot;ha&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cda&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cuerda&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cda&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 3930.395625,
	default  = &quot;ha acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;daa&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;decare&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;daa&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;km2 sqmi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dunam&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;dunam&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;km2 sqmi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dunum&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;dunum&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;km2 sqmi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Dunam&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ha&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;hectare&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ha&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 10000,
	default  = &quot;acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hectare&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;hectare&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ha&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 10000,
	default  = &quot;acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Irish acre&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;Irish acre&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Irish&amp;nbsp;acres&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 6555.2385024,
	default  = &quot;ha&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Acre (Irish)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m2&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;square metre&quot;,
	_name1_us= &quot;square meter&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	prefix_position= 8,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 2,
	default  = &quot;sqft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Square metre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pondemaat&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pondemaat&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pondemaat&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;pond&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 3674.363358816,
	default  = &quot;m2&quot;,
	link     = &quot;:nl:pondemaat&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pyeong&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;pyeong&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;pyeong&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 3.3057851239669422,
	default  = &quot;m2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;rai&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;rai&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;rai&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 1600,
	default  = &quot;m2&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Rai (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;rood&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;rood&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 1011.7141056,
	default  = &quot;sqft m2&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;sqperch&quot;] = { 40, default = &quot;m2&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Rood (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqfoot&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;square foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;square foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sq&amp;nbsp;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 0.09290304,
	default  = &quot;m2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;square foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;square feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sq&amp;nbsp;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 0.09290304,
	default  = &quot;m2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqin&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;square inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;square inches&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sq&amp;nbsp;in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00064516,
	default  = &quot;cm2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;square mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sq&amp;nbsp;mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 2589988.110336,
	default  = &quot;km2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqnmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;square nautical mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sq&amp;nbsp;nmi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 3429904,
	default  = &quot;km2 sqmi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Nautical mile&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqperch&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;perches&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;perch&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 25.29285264,
	default  = &quot;m2&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Perch (unit)#Area&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqverst&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;square verst&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 1138062.24,
	default  = &quot;km2 sqmi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Verst&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqyd&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;square yard&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sq&amp;nbsp;yd&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 0.83612736,
	default  = &quot;m2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tsubo&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;tsubo&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;tsubo&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;area&quot;,
	scale    = 3.3057851239669422,
	default  = &quot;m2&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Japanese units of measurement#Area&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;acres&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;are&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;a&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;decare&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;daa&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;foot2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;sqfoot&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;sqft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;sqin&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km²&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;km2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;sqmi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;million acre&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;million acres&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;million hectares&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6ha&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m²&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;nmi2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;sqnmi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pond&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;pondemaat&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sq arp&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;arpent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqkm&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;km2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqm&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;square verst&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;sqverst&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;verst2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;sqverst&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;yd2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;sqyd&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m2/ha&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;square metre per hectare&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;square meter per hectare&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;square metres per hectare&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;square meters per hectare&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/ha&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0001,
	default  = &quot;sqft/acre&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Basal area&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sqft/acre&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;square foot per acre&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;square feet per acre&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sq&amp;nbsp;ft/acre&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;area per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 2.295684113865932e-5,
	default  = &quot;m2/ha&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Basal area&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cent&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cent&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;¢&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;cent&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;cent&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cent (currency)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;¢&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;A.h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;ampere hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;A⋅h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;charge&quot;,
	scale    = 3600,
	default  = &quot;coulomb&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;coulomb&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;coulomb&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;C&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;charge&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;e&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Coulomb&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;e&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;elementary charge&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;''e''&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;charge&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-19,
	default  = &quot;coulomb&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-mol&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g&amp;#8209;mol&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;chemical amount&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;lbmol&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gmol&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gmol&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;chemical amount&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;lbmol&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kmol&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilomole&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kmol&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;chemical amount&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;lbmol&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb-mol&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb&amp;#8209;mol&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;chemical amount&quot;,
	scale    = 453.59237,
	default  = &quot;mol&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbmol&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbmol&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;chemical amount&quot;,
	scale    = 453.59237,
	default  = &quot;mol&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mol&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mole&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mol&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;chemical amount&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;lbmol&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kgCO2/L&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per litre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram per liter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per litre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms per liter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg(CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)/L&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;co2 per unit volume&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;lbCO2/USgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbCO2/USgal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per US gallon&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per US gallon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbCO2/US&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;co2 per unit volume&quot;,
	scale    = 119.82642731689663,
	default  = &quot;kgCO2/L&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oz/lb&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;oz&quot;, &quot;lb&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;concentration&quot;,
	default  = &quot;mg/kg&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mg/kg&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;mg&quot;, &quot;kg&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;concentration&quot;,
	default  = &quot;oz/lb&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g/dm3&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram per cubic decimetre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;gram per cubic decimeter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams per cubic decimetre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;grams per cubic decimeter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g/dm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;kg/m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g/L&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram per litre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;gram per liter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams per litre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;grams per liter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g/L&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuin&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g/mL&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram per millilitre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;gram per milliliter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams per millilitre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;grams per milliliter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g/mL&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuin&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g/ml&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram per millilitre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;gram per milliliter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams per millilitre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;grams per milliliter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g/ml&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuin&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/dm3&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per cubic decimetre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram per cubic decimeter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per cubic decimetre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms per cubic decimeter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg/dm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/L&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per litre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram per liter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per litre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms per liter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg/L&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;lb/USgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/l&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per litre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram per liter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per litre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms per liter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg/l&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;lb/USgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/m3&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per cubic metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram per cubic meter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per cubic metre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms per cubic meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuyd&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/cuft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per cubic foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per cubic foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/cu&amp;nbsp;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 16.018463373960142,
	default  = &quot;g/cm3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/cuin&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per cubic inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per cubic inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/cu&amp;nbsp;in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 27679.904710203122,
	default  = &quot;g/cm3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/cuyd&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per cubic yard&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per cubic yard&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/cu&amp;nbsp;yd&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 0.5932764212577829,
	default  = &quot;kg/m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/impgal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per imperial gallon&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per imperial gallon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/imp&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 99.776372663101697,
	default  = &quot;kg/L&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/in3&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per cubic inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per cubic inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/cu&amp;thinsp;in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 27679.904710203122,
	default  = &quot;g/cm3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/U.S.gal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per U.S. gallon&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per U.S. gallon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/U.S.&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 119.82642731689663,
	default  = &quot;kg/L&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/USbu&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per US bushel&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per US bushel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/US&amp;nbsp;bu&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 12.871859780974471,
	default  = &quot;kg/m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Bushel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/USgal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per US gallon&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per US gallon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/US&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 119.82642731689663,
	default  = &quot;kg/L&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbm/cuin&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound mass per cubic inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds mass per cubic inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbm/cu&amp;thinsp;in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 27679.904710203122,
	default  = &quot;g/cm3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mg/L&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;milligram per litre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;milligram per liter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;milligrams per litre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;milligrams per liter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mg/L&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuin&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oz/cuin&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;ounce per cubic inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;ounces per cubic inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;oz/cu&amp;nbsp;in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	scale    = 1729.9940443876951,
	default  = &quot;g/cm3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g/cm3&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;g&quot;, &quot;cm3&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g/m3&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;g&quot;, &quot;m3&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuyd&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mg/m3&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;Mg&quot;, &quot;m3&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mg/l&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;mg&quot;, &quot;l&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	default  = &quot;oz/cuin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;μg/dL&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;μg&quot;, &quot;dL&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lb/cuin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;μg/l&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;μg&quot;, &quot;l&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;density&quot;,
	default  = &quot;oz/cuin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/ft3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;lb/cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/yd3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;lb/cuyd&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbm/in3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;lbm/cuin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mcg/dL&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μg/dL&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oz/in3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;oz/cuin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ug/dL&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μg/dL&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ug/l&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μg/l&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;B.O.T.U.&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;Board of Trade Unit&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;B.O.T.U.&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3600000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;bboe&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;barrel of oil equivalent&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;barrels of oil equivalent&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;bboe&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 6117863200,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BOE&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;barrel of oil equivalent&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;barrels of oil equivalent&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BOE&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 6117863200,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055.05585262,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Btu&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055.05585262,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU-39F&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (39°F)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (39°F)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU&lt;sub&gt;39°F&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1059.67,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu-39F&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (39°F)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (39°F)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Btu&lt;sub&gt;39°F&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1059.67,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU-59F&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (59°F)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (59°F)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU&lt;sub&gt;59°F&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1054.804,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu-59F&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (59°F)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (59°F)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Btu&lt;sub&gt;59°F&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1054.804,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU-60F&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (60°F)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (60°F)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU&lt;sub&gt;60°F&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1054.68,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu-60F&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (60°F)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (60°F)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Btu&lt;sub&gt;60°F&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1054.68,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU-63F&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (63°F)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (63°F)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU&lt;sub&gt;63°F&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1054.6,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu-63F&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (63°F)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (63°F)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Btu&lt;sub&gt;63°F&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1054.6,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU-ISO&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (ISO)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (ISO)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU&lt;sub&gt;ISO&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055.056,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu-ISO&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;BTU-ISO&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU-IT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (IT)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (IT)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU&lt;sub&gt;IT&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055.05585262,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu-IT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (IT)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (IT)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Btu&lt;sub&gt;IT&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055.05585262,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU-mean&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (mean)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (mean)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU&lt;sub&gt;mean&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055.87,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu-mean&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (mean)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (mean)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Btu&lt;sub&gt;mean&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055.87,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU-th&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (thermochemical)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (thermochemical)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU&lt;sub&gt;th&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1054.35026444,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu-th&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit (thermochemical)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units (thermochemical)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Btu&lt;sub&gt;th&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1054.35026444,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;calorie&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Cal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;calorie&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal-15&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;Calorie (15°C)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;Calories (15°C)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Cal&lt;sub&gt;15&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4185.8,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cal-15&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;calorie (15°C)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;calories (15°C)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cal&lt;sub&gt;15&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.1858,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal-IT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;Calorie (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;Calories (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Cal&lt;sub&gt;IT&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4186.8,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cal-IT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;calorie (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;calories (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cal&lt;sub&gt;IT&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.1868,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal-th&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;Calorie (thermochemical)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;Calories (thermochemical)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Cal&lt;sub&gt;th&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cal-th&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;calorie (thermochemical)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;calories (thermochemical)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cal&lt;sub&gt;th&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ccatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic centimetre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic centimeter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cc⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.101325,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;CHU-IT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;Celsius heat unit (International Table)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;Celsius heat units (International Table)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;CHU&lt;sub&gt;IT&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1899.100534716,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Conversion of units#Energy&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cm3atm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic centimetre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic centimeter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.101325,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cufootatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot of atmosphere&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic foot of atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;ft&amp;nbsp;atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 2869.2044809344,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cufootnaturalgas&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot of natural gas&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic foot of natural gas&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cuftnaturalgas&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055055.85262,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Conversion of units#Energy&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuftatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot of atmosphere&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic feet of atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;ft&amp;nbsp;atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 2869.2044809344,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuftnaturalgas&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot of natural gas&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic feet of natural gas&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cuftnaturalgas&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055055.85262,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Conversion of units#Energy&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuydatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic yard of atmosphere&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic yards of atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;yd&amp;nbsp;atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 77468.5209852288,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Eh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;Hartree&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;''E''&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.35974417e-18,
	default  = &quot;eV&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;erg&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;erg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0000001,
	default  = &quot;μJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;eV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;electronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;eV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-19,
	default  = &quot;aJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;feV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;femtoelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;feV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-34,
	default  = &quot;yJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;foe&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;foe&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1e44,
	default  = &quot;YJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Foe (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ftlb&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot-pound&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft⋅lb&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	alttype  = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 1.3558179483314004,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Foot-pound (energy)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ftlb-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot-pound force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;foot-pounds force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft⋅lb&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	alttype  = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 1.3558179483314004,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Foot-pound (energy)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ftlbf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot-pound force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;foot-pounds force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft⋅lbf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	alttype  = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 1.3558179483314004,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Foot-pound (energy)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ftpdl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot-poundal&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft⋅pdl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0421401100938048,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GeV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigaelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;GeV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-10,
	default  = &quot;nJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GLatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigalitre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;gigaliter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;GL⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101325000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Glatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigalitre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;gigaliter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Gl⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101325000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;grams of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gram of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Gtoe&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigatonne of oil equivalent&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gigatonnes of oil equivalent&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Gtoe&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.1868e19,
	default  = &quot;EJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonne of oil equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GtonTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;gigatons of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gigaton of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e18,
	default  = &quot;EJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GtTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;gigatonnes of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gigatonne of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e18,
	default  = &quot;EJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GW.h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigawatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;GW⋅h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3.6e12,
	default  = &quot;TJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GWh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigawatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;GWh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3.6e12,
	default  = &quot;TJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hph&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;horsepower-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp⋅h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 2684519.537696172792,
	default  = &quot;kWh&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Horsepower&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impgalatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial gallon-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp gal⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 460.63256925,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;inlb&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch-pound&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in⋅lb&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	alttype  = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 0.1129848290276167,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Foot-pound (energy)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;inlb-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch-pound force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inch-pounds force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in⋅lb&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	alttype  = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 0.1129848290276167,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Foot-pound (energy)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;inlbf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch-pound force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inch-pounds force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in⋅lbf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	alttype  = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 0.1129848290276167,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Foot-pound (energy)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;inoz-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch-ounce force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inch-ounces force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in⋅oz&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	alttype  = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00706155181422604375,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Foot-pound (energy)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;inozf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch-ounce force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inch-ounces force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in⋅ozf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	alttype  = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00706155181422604375,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Foot-pound (energy)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;J&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;joule&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;J&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;cal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Joule&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kBOE&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilo barrel of oil equivalent&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilo barrels of oil equivalent&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kBOE&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 6.1178632e12,
	default  = &quot;TJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel of oil equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilocalorie&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kcal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcal-15&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilocalorie (15°C)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilocalories (15°C)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kcal&lt;sub&gt;15&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4185.8,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcal-IT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilocalorie (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilocalories (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kcal&lt;sub&gt;IT&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4186.8,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcal-th&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilocalorie (thermochemical)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilocalories (thermochemical)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kcal&lt;sub&gt;th&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kerg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kiloerg&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kerg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0001,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Erg&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;keV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kiloelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;keV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-16,
	default  = &quot;fJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kgTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;kilograms of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kilogram of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kLatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilolitre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kiloliter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kL⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101325,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;klatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilolitre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kiloliter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kl⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101325,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kt(TNT)&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilotonne&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kiloton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e12,
	default  = &quot;TJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ktoe&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilotonne of oil equivalent&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilotonnes of oil equivalent&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ktoe&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.1868e13,
	default  = &quot;TJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonne of oil equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ktonTNT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kiloton of TNT&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilotons of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e12,
	default  = &quot;TJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ktTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;kilotonnes of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kilotonne of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e12,
	default  = &quot;TJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kW.h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilowatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kW⋅h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3600000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kWh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilowatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kWh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3600000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Latm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;litre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;liter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;L⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101.325,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;latm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;litre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;liter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;l⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101.325,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3atm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic metre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic meter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101325,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mcal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megacalorie&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mcal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mcal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millicalorie&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mcal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.004184,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mcal-15&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megacalorie (15°C)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;megacalories (15°C)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mcal&lt;sub&gt;15&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4185800,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mcal-15&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millicalorie (15°C)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;millicalories (15°C)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mcal&lt;sub&gt;15&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0041858,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mcal-IT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megacalorie (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;megacalories (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mcal&lt;sub&gt;IT&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4186800,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mcal-IT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millicalorie (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;millicalories (International Steam Table)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mcal&lt;sub&gt;IT&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0041868,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mcal-th&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megacalorie (thermochemical)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;megacalories (thermochemical)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mcal&lt;sub&gt;th&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mcal-th&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millicalorie (thermochemical)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;millicalories (thermochemical)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mcal&lt;sub&gt;th&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.004184,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Merg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megaerg&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Merg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.1,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Erg&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;merg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millierg&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;merg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0000000001,
	default  = &quot;μJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Erg&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MeV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megaelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;MeV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-13,
	default  = &quot;pJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;meV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millielectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;meV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-22,
	default  = &quot;zJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MLatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megalitre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;megaliter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ML⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101325000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mlatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megalitre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;megaliter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Ml⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101325000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mLatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millilitre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;milliliter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;L⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.101325,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mlatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millilitre-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;milliliter-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;l⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.101325,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MMBtu&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;million British thermal units&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;million British thermal units&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;MMBtu&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1055055852.62,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mt(TNT)&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megatonne&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;megaton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e15,
	default  = &quot;PJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mtoe&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megatonne of oil equivalent&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;megatonnes of oil equivalent&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mtoe&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.1868e16,
	default  = &quot;PJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonne of oil equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MtonTNT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megaton of TNT&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;megatons of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e15,
	default  = &quot;PJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mtonTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;millitons of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;milliton of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MtTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;megatonnes of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;megatonne of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e15,
	default  = &quot;PJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mtTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;millitonnes of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;millitonne of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MW.h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megawatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;MW⋅h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3600000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mW.h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;milliwatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mW⋅h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3.6,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MWh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megawatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;MWh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3600000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mWh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;milliwatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mWh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3.6,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;neV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;nanoelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;neV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-28,
	default  = &quot;yJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PeV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;petaelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;PeV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0001602176487,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;peV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;picoelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;peV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-31,
	default  = &quot;yJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PSh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;Pferdestärkenstunde&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;PSh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 2647795.5,
	default  = &quot;kWh&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;quad&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;quadrillion British thermal units&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;quadrillion British thermal units&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;quad&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.054804e18,
	default  = &quot;EJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Quad (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Ry&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;rydberg&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Ry&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 2.1798741e-18,
	default  = &quot;eV&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Rydberg constant&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;scc&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;standard cubic centimetre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;standard cubic centimeter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;scc&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.101325,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;scf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;standard cubic foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;standard cubic feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;scf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 2869.2044809344,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;scfoot&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;standard cubic foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;standard cubic foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;scf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 2869.2044809344,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;scy&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;standard cubic yard&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;scy&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 77468.5209852288,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;standard litre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;standard liter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 101.325,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;t(TNT)&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;tonne&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;t&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;TeV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;teraelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;TeV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-7,
	default  = &quot;μJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;th&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;thermie&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;th&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4186800,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Conversion of units#Energy&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;thm-EC&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;therm (EC)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;therms (EC)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;thm (EC)&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 105506000,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Therm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;thm-UK&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;therm (UK)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;therms (UK)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;thm (UK)&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 105505585.257348,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Therm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;thm-US&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;therm (US)&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;therm (U.S.)&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;therms (US)&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;therms (U.S.)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;thm (US)&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;thm (U.S.)&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 105480400,
	default  = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Therm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;toe&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;tonne of oil equivalent&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;tonnes of oil equivalent&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;toe&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 41868000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tonTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;tons of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ton of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;tonnes of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;tonne of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;TtonTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;teratons of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;teraton of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e21,
	default  = &quot;ZJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;TtTNT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;teratonnes of TNT&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;teratonne of TNT&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e21,
	default  = &quot;ZJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;TW.h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;terawatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;TW⋅h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3.6e15,
	default  = &quot;PJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;TWh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;terawatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;TWh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3.6e15,
	default  = &quot;PJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USgalatm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US gallon-atmosphere&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. gallon-atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;gal⋅atm&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;gal⋅atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 383.5568490138,
	default  = &quot;J&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;W.h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;watt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;W⋅h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3600,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Wh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;watt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Wh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 3600,
	default  = &quot;kJ&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;μerg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;microerg&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;μerg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1e-13,
	default  = &quot;nJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Erg&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;μeV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;microelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;μeV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1.602176487e-25,
	default  = &quot;yJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;μW.h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;microwatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;μW⋅h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0036,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;μWh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;microwatt-hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;μWh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0036,
	default  = &quot;mJ&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-kW.h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kW.h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilowatt hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;btu&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;BTU&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Calorie&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Cal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft.lbf&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;ftlbf&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft·lbf&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;ftlbf&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-cal-15&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cal-15&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-cal-IT&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cal-IT&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-cal-th&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cal-th&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-kcal-15&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kcal-15&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-kcal-IT&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kcal-IT&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-kcal-th&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kcal-th&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-Mcal-15&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Mcal-15&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-mcal-15&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mcal-15&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-Mcal-IT&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Mcal-IT&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-mcal-IT&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mcal-IT&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-Mcal-th&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Mcal-th&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-mcal-th&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mcal-th&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GW-h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;GW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GW·h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;GW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Hartree&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Eh&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp.h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;hph&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in.lb-f&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;inlb-f&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in.lbf&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;inlbf&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in.oz-f&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;inoz-f&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in.ozf&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;inozf&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kbboe&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kBOE&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kbboe&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg-cal-15&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Cal-15&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg-cal-IT&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Cal-IT&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg-cal-th&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Cal-th&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kW-h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kW·h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MW-h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;MW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mW-h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MW·h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;MW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;TW-h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;TW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.galatm&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgalatm&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;uerg&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μerg&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ueV&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μeV&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usgalatm&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgalatm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;uW-h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;uW.h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μW.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;uWh&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μWh&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;W-h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;W.h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;eVpar&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;electronvolt&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;eV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per chemical amount&quot;,
	scale    = 96485.329522144166,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;kcal/mol&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcal/mol&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kcal&quot;, &quot;mol&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per chemical amount&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kJ/mol&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilocalorie per mole&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kJ/mol&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kJ&quot;, &quot;mol&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per chemical amount&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kcal/mol&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Joule per mole&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kWh/100 km&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometres&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometers&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometres&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometers&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kW⋅h/100&amp;nbsp;km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	scale    = 36,
	default  = &quot;MJ/km kWh/mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt-hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kWh/100 mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilowatt-hour per 100 miles&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilowatt-hours per 100 miles&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kW⋅h/100&amp;nbsp;mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	scale    = 22.3694,
	default  = &quot;mpge&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MJ/100 km&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megajoule per 100 kilometres&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;megajoule per 100 kilometers&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;megajoules per 100 kilometres&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;megajoules per 100 kilometers&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;MJ/100&amp;nbsp;km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	scale    = 10,
	default  = &quot;BTU/mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mpge&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mile per gallon gasoline equivalent&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;miles per gallon gasoline equivalent&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mpg&amp;#8209;e&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	scale    = 13e-6,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;kWh/100 mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU/mi&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;BTU&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	default  = &quot;v &gt; 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kJ/km&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kJ&quot;, &quot;km&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	default  = &quot;BTU/mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kWh/km&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;-kW.h&quot;, &quot;km&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	default  = &quot;MJ/km kWh/mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kWh/mi&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;-kW.h&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kWh/km MJ/km&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MJ/km&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;MJ&quot;, &quot;km&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	default  = &quot;BTU/mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mpg-e&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mpge&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU/lb&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British thermal unit per pound&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;British thermal units per pound&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;BTU/lb&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 429.92261414790346,
	default  = &quot;kJ/kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;British thermal unit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cal/g&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;calorie per gram&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;calories per gram&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cal/g&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 4184,
	default  = &quot;J/g&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GJ/kg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigajoule per kilogram&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gigajoules per kilogram&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;GJ/kg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1e9,
	default  = &quot;ktTNT/t&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Specific energy&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;J/g&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;joule per gram&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;joules per gram&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;J/g&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;kcal/g&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Specific energy&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcal/g&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilocalorie per gram&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilocalories per gram&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kcal/g&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000,
	default  = &quot;kJ/g&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kJ/g&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilojoule per gram&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilojoules per gram&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kJ/g&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000000,
	default  = &quot;kcal/g&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Specific energy&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kJ/kg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilojoule per kilogram&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilojoules per kilogram&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kJ/kg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;BTU/lb&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Specific energy&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ktonTNT/MT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;kilotons of TNT per metric ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kiloton of TNT per metric ton&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ/kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ktTNT/t&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;kilotonnes of TNT per tonne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kilotonne of TNT per tonne&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 4184000000,
	default  = &quot;GJ/kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MtonTNT/MT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;megatons of TNT per metric ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;megaton of TNT per metric ton&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e12,
	default  = &quot;TJ/kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MtTNT/MT&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;megatonnes of TNT per tonne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;megatonne of TNT per tonne&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 4.184e12,
	default  = &quot;TJ/kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;TNT equivalent&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;TJ/kg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;terajoule per kilogram&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;terajoules per kilogram&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;TJ/kg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1e12,
	default  = &quot;MtTNT/MT&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Specific energy&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal/g&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;Cal&quot;, &quot;g&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kJ/g&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU/cuft&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;BTU&quot;, &quot;cuft&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kJ/L&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal/12USoz(mL)serve&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;Cal&quot;, &quot;-12USoz(mL)serve&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kJ/L&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal/12USoz(ml)serve&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;Cal&quot;, &quot;-12USoz(ml)serve&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kJ/l&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal/12USozserve&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;Cal&quot;, &quot;-12USozserve&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kJ/L&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal/USoz&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;Cal&quot;, &quot;USoz&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kJ/ml&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kJ/L&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kJ&quot;, &quot;L&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	default  = &quot;BTU/cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kJ/l&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kJ&quot;, &quot;l&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	default  = &quot;BTU/cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kJ/ml&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kJ&quot;, &quot;ml&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	default  = &quot;Cal/USoz&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MJ/m3&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;MJ&quot;, &quot;m3&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	default  = &quot;BTU/cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Sv&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;sievert&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;Sv&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;equivalent radiation dose&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;rem&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Sievert&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;rem&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;rem&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;rem&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;equivalent radiation dose&quot;,
	scale    = 0.01,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;Sv&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Roentgen equivalent man&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g/km&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram per kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;gram per kilometer&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams per kilometre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;grams per kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g/km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 1e-6,
	default  = &quot;oz/mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g/mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram per mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams per mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g/mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 6.2137119223733397e-7,
	default  = &quot;g/km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gCO2/km&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;gram of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per kilometer&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per kilometre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;grams of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g(CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)/km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 1e-6,
	default  = &quot;ozCO2/mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gCO2/mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g(CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)/mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 6.2137119223733397e-7,
	default  = &quot;gCO2/km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/km&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram per kilometer&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per kilometre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms per kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg/km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	default  = &quot;lb/mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kgCO2/km&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per kilometer&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per kilometre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg(CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)/km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	default  = &quot;lbCO2/mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00028184923173665794,
	default  = &quot;kg/km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbCO2/mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb(CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)/mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00028184923173665794,
	default  = &quot;kgCO2/km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oz/mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;ounce per mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;ounces per mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;oz/mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 1.7615576983541121e-5,
	default  = &quot;g/km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ozCO2/mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;ounce of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;ounces of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; per mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;oz(CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)/mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;exhaust emission&quot;,
	scale    = 1.7615576983541121e-5,
	default  = &quot;gCO2/km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Exhaust gas&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuft/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot per annum&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic feet per annum&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;ft/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 8.9730672142368242e-10,
	default  = &quot;m3/a&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic foot per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuft/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic feet per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;ft/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 3.2774128000000003e-7,
	default  = &quot;m3/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic foot per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuft/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic feet per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;ft/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 7.8657907200000004e-6,
	default  = &quot;m3/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic foot per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuft/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic feet per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;ft/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00047194744319999999,
	default  = &quot;m3/min&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic foot#cubic foot per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuft/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic feet per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;ft/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 28316846592e-12,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cumi/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic mile per annum&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic miles per annum&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;mi/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 132.08171170940057,
	default  = &quot;km3/a&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic foot per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuyd/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic yard per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic yards per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cuyd/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00021237634944000001,
	default  = &quot;m3/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic foot per minute&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuyd/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic yard per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic yards per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;yd/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.76455485798400002,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Goilbbl/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;billion barrels per year&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;billion barrels per year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Gbbl/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 5.0380033629933836,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel per day&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impgal/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial gallon per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;imperial gallons per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp&amp;nbsp;gal/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 1.2628027777777779e-6,
	default  = &quot;m3/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impgal/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial gallon per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;imperial gallons per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp gal/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 7.5768166666666671e-5,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impgal/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial gallon per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;imperial gallons per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;impgal/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00454609,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Imperial gallons per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km3/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic kilometre per annum&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic kilometer per annum&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic kilometres per annum&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;cubic kilometers per annum&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 31.68808781402895,
	default  = &quot;cumi/a&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km3/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic kilometre per day&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic kilometer per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic kilometres per day&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;cubic kilometers per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 11574.074074074075,
	default  = &quot;cuft/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;koilbbl/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;thousand barrels per year&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;thousand barrels per year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kbbl/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 5.0380033629933841e-6,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel per day&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;koilbbl/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;thousand barrels per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;thousand barrels per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kbbl/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0018401307283333335,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel per day&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;litre per hour&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;liter per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;litres per hour&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;liters per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;L/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 2.7777777777777776e-7,
	default  = &quot;impgal/h USgal/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;litre per minute&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;liter per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;litres per minute&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;liters per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;L/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 1.6666666666666667e-5,
	default  = &quot;impgal/min USgal/min&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;litre per second&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;liter per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;litres per second&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;liters per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;L/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	default  = &quot;cuft/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic metre per annum&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic meter per annum&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic metres per annum&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;cubic meters per annum&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 3.1688087814028947e-8,
	default  = &quot;cuft/a&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic metre per day&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic meter per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic metres per day&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;cubic meters per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 1.1574074074074073e-5,
	default  = &quot;cuft/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic metre per hour&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic meter per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic metres per hour&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;cubic meters per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00027777777777777778,
	default  = &quot;cuft/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic metre per minute&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic meter per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic metres per minute&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;cubic meters per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.016666666666666666,
	default  = &quot;cuft/min&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic metre per second&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic meter per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic metres per second&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;cubic meters per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;cuft/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Moilbbl/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;million barrels per year&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;million barrels per year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mbbl/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0050380033629933837,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel per day&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Moilbbl/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;million barrels per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;million barrels per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mbbl/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 1.8401307283333335,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel per day&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oilbbl/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;barrel per year&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;barrels per year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;bbl/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 5.0380033629933841e-9,
	default  = &quot;m3/a&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel per day&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oilbbl/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;barrel per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;barrels per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;bbl/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 1.8401307283333336e-6,
	default  = &quot;m3/d&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Toilbbl/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;trillion barrels per year&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;trillion barrels per year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Tbbl/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 5038.0033629933832,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel per day&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.gal/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;U.S. gallon per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;U.S. gallons per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;gal/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 4.3812636388888893e-8,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
	customary= 1,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.gal/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gallon per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gallons per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gal/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 1.0515032733333334e-6,
	default  = &quot;m3/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gallon&quot;,
	customary= 2,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.gal/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;U.S. gallon per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;U.S. gallons per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;gal/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 6.3090196400000003e-5,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USgal/a&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US gallon per year&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;US gallons per year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;gal/a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 1.1995246102365199e-10,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USgal/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US gallon per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;US gallons per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;gal/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 4.3812636388888893e-8,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USgal/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gallon per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gallons per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gal/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 1.0515032733333334e-6,
	default  = &quot;m3/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gallon&quot;,
	customary= 1,
    },
    [&quot;USgal/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US gallon per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;US gallons per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;gal/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 6.3090196400000003e-5,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USgal/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US gallon per second&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. gallon per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;US gallons per second&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;U.S. gallons per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;USgal/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;flow&quot;,
	scale    = 0.003785411784,
	default  = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;US gallons per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft3/a&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cuft/a&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft3/d&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cuft/d&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft3/h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cuft/h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft3/s&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cuft/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Gcuft/a&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e9cuft/a&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Gcuft/d&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e9cuft/d&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcuft/a&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e3cuft/a&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcuft/d&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e3cuft/d&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcuft/s&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e3cuft/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mcuft/a&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6cuft/a&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mcuft/d&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6cuft/d&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mcuft/s&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6cuft/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m³/s&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m3/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Tcuft/a&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e12cuft/a&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Tcuft/d&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e12cuft/d&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;u.s.gal/min&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;U.S.gal/min&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usgal/min&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgal/min&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-LTf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;long ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;long tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;LTf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9964.01641818352,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-STf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;short tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;STf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 8896.443230521,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dyn&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;dyne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;dyn&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00001,
	default  = &quot;gr-f&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00980665,
	default  = &quot;mN oz-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grams-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00980665,
	default  = &quot;mN ozf&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gr-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;grain-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grains-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gr&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0006354602307515,
	default  = &quot;μN&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound (force)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;grf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;grain-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grains-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;grf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0006354602307515,
	default  = &quot;μN&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound (force)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kdyn&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilodyne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kdyn&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.01,
	default  = &quot;oz-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Dyne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;N lb-f&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kgf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kgf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;N lbf&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilopond&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;N lb-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/T-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;long ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;long tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;L/T&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9964.01641818352,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/Tf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;long ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;long tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;L/Tf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9964.01641818352,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 4.4482216152605,
	default  = &quot;N&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound (force)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 4.4482216152605,
	default  = &quot;N&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound (force)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb(f)&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 4.4482216152605,
	default  = &quot;N&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound (force)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;LT-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;long ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;long tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;LT&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9964.01641818352,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;LTf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;long ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;long tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;LTf&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9964.01641818352,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mdyn&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megadyne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mdyn&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 10,
	default  = &quot;lb-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Dyne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mdyn&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millidyne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mdyn&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00000001,
	default  = &quot;gr-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Dyne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mg-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;milligram-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;milligrams-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mg&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00000980665,
	default  = &quot;μN gr-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mgf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;milligram-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;milligrams-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mgf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00000980665,
	default  = &quot;μN grf&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megapond&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9806.65,
	default  = &quot;kN LT-f ST-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millipond&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00000980665,
	default  = &quot;μN gr-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;N&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;newton&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;N&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;lb-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Newton (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oz-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;ounce-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;ounces-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;oz&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.2780138203095378125,
	default  = &quot;mN&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound (force)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ozf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;ounce-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;ounces-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ozf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.2780138203095378125,
	default  = &quot;mN&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound (force)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;p&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pond&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;p&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00980665,
	default  = &quot;mN oz-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pdl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;poundal&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;pdl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 0.138254954376,
	default  = &quot;N&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;S/T-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;short tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;S/T&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 8896.443230521,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;S/Tf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;short tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;S/Tf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 8896.443230521,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ST-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;short tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ST&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 8896.443230521,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;STf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short ton-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;short tons-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;STf&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 8896.443230521,
	default  = &quot;kN&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;t-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;tonne-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;tonnes-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;t&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9806.65,
	default  = &quot;kN LT-f ST-f&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Ton-force#Tonne-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;tonne-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;tonnes-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;tf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
	scale    = 9806.65,
	default  = &quot;kN LTf STf&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Ton-force#Tonne-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dyne&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;dyn&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;newtons&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;N&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;poundal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;pdl&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tonne-force&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;tf&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impgal/mi&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;@impgal&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = 1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;l/km USgal/mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km/L&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;km&quot;, &quot;L&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;mpgimp mpgus&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km/l&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;km&quot;, &quot;l&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;mpgimp mpgus&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/100 km&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;L&quot;, &quot;100km&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = 1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;mpgimp mpgus&quot;,
	symlink  = &quot;[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|L/100&amp;nbsp;km]]&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;l/100 km&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;l&quot;, &quot;100km&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = 1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;mpgimp mpgus&quot;,
	symlink  = &quot;[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|l/100&amp;nbsp;km]]&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/km&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;L&quot;, &quot;km&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = 1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;mpgimp mpgus&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;l/km&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;l&quot;, &quot;km&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = 1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;mpgimp mpgus&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi/impqt&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;mi&quot;, &quot;impqt&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;km/L&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi/U.S.qt&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;mi&quot;, &quot;U.S.qt&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;km/L&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi/USqt&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;mi&quot;, &quot;USqt&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;km/L&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi/usqt&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;mi&quot;, &quot;usqt&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;km/L&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mpgimp&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;mi&quot;, &quot;@impgal&quot; },
	symbol   = &quot;mpg&lt;sub&gt;&amp;#8209;imp&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;L/100 km+mpgus&quot;,
	symlink  = &quot;[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]&lt;sub&gt;&amp;#8209;[[Imperial units|imp]]&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mpgus&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;mi&quot;, &quot;+USgal&quot; },
	symbol   = &quot;mpg&lt;sub&gt;&amp;#8209;US&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;L/100 km+mpgimp&quot;,
	symlink  = &quot;[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]&lt;sub&gt;&amp;#8209;[[United States customary units|US]]&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.gal/mi&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;*U.S.gal&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	sp_us    = true,
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = 1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;l/km impgal/mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usgal/mi&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;+USgal&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
	invert   = 1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;l/km impgal/mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/100km&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;L/100 km&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;l/100km&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;l/100 km&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mpg&quot;] = {
	shouldbe = &quot;Use %{mpgus%} for miles per US gallon or %{mpgimp%} for miles per imperial gallon (not %{mpg%})&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mpgU.S.&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mpgus&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mpg&lt;sub&gt;&amp;#8209;U.S.&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	symlink  = &quot;[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]&lt;sub&gt;&amp;#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mpgu.s.&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mpgus&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mpg&lt;sub&gt;&amp;#8209;U.S.&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	symlink  = &quot;[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]&lt;sub&gt;&amp;#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mpgUS&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mpgus&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USgal/mi&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;usgal/mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kPa/m&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kPa&quot;, &quot;-m-frac&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fracture gradient&quot;,
	default  = &quot;psi/ft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;psi/ft&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;psi&quot;, &quot;-ft-frac&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fracture gradient&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kPa/m&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cm/km&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;centimetre per kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;centimeter per kilometer&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;centimetres per kilometre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;centimeters per kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cm/km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;gradient&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00001,
	default  = &quot;ft/mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grade (slope)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft/mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot per mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;feet per mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft/mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;gradient&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00018939393939393939,
	default  = &quot;v &lt; 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grade (slope)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft/nmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot per nautical mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;feet per nautical mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft/nmi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;gradient&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00016457883369330455,
	default  = &quot;v &lt; 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grade (slope)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in/ft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch per foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inches per foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in/ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;gradient&quot;,
	scale    = 0.083333333333333329,
	default  = &quot;mm/m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grade (slope)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in/mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch per mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inches per mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in/mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;gradient&quot;,
	scale    = 1.5782828282828283e-5,
	default  = &quot;v &lt; 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grade (slope)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m/km&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metre per kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;meter per kilometer&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metres per kilometre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;meters per kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m/km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;gradient&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	default  = &quot;ft/mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grade (slope)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mm/km&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millimetre per kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;millimeter per kilometer&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;millimetres per kilometre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;millimeters per kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mm/km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;gradient&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000001,
	default  = &quot;in/mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grade (slope)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mm/m&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millimetre per metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;millimeter per meter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;millimetres per metre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;millimeters per meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mm/m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;gradient&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	default  = &quot;in/ft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grade (slope)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;admi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;admiralty mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;nmi&amp;nbsp;(admiralty)&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1853.184,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Nautical mile&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;AU&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;astronomical unit&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;AU&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 149597870700,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Brnmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;British nautical mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;(Brit)&amp;nbsp;nmi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1853.184,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Nautical mile&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;bu&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;bu&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;bu&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0030303030303030303,
	default  = &quot;mm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Japanese units of measurement#Length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ch&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;chain&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ch&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 20.1168,
	default  = &quot;ft m&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;ft&quot;] = { 66, default = &quot;m&quot; }, [&quot;yd&quot;] = { 22, default = &quot;m&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Chain (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;chlk&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;[[Chain (unit)|chain]]&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;[[Chain (unit)|ch]]&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 20.1168,
	default  = &quot;ft m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;chain&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;chain&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 20.1168,
	default  = &quot;ft m&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;ft&quot;] = { 66, default = &quot;m&quot; }, [&quot;yd&quot;] = { 22, default = &quot;m&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Chain (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;chainlk&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;[[Chain (unit)|chain]]&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 20.1168,
	default  = &quot;ft m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dpcm&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;dot/cm&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;dot/cm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 100,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;dpi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Dots per inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dpi&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;DPI&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;DPI&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 39.370078740157481,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;pitch&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Dots per inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;fathom&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;fathom&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1.8288,
	default  = &quot;ft m&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;foot&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.3048,
	default  = &quot;m&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;in&quot;] = { 12, default = &quot;m&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Foot (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.3048,
	exception= &quot;integer_more_precision&quot;,
	default  = &quot;m&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;in&quot;] = { 12, default = &quot;m&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Foot (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;furlong&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;furlong&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 201.168,
	default  = &quot;ft m&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Gly&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigalight-year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Gly&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 9.4607304725808e24,
	default  = &quot;Mpc&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Light-year#Definitions&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Gpc&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigaparsec&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Gpc&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 3.0856775814671916e25,
	default  = &quot;Gly&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hand&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;hand&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	builtin  = &quot;hand&quot;,
	scale    = 0.1016,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;in cm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Hand (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inches&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0254,
	exception= &quot;subunit_more_precision&quot;,
	default  = &quot;mm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;inabbreviated&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;in&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0254,
	default  = &quot;mm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kly&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilolight-year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kly&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 9.4607304725808e18,
	default  = &quot;pc&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Light-year#Definitions&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kpc&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kiloparsec&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kpc&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 3.0856775814671916e19,
	default  = &quot;kly&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;LD&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;lunar distance&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;LD&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 384403000,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Lunar distance (astronomy)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;league&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;league&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 4828.032,
	default  = &quot;km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;League (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ly&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;light-year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ly&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 9.4607304725808e15,
	default  = &quot;AU&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;metre&quot;,
	_name1_us= &quot;meter&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;v &gt; 0 and v &lt; 3 ! ftin ! ft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Metre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1609.344,
	default  = &quot;km&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;ch&quot;] = { 80, default = &quot;km&quot; }, [&quot;chlk&quot;] = { 80, default = &quot;km&quot; }, [&quot;chain&quot;] = { 80, default = &quot;km&quot; }, [&quot;chainlk&quot;] = { 80, default = &quot;km&quot; }, [&quot;ft&quot;] = { 5280, default = &quot;km&quot; }, [&quot;furlong&quot;] = { 8, default = &quot;km&quot; }, [&quot;yd&quot;] = { 1760, default = &quot;km&quot; } },
    },
    [&quot;mil&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;mil&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0000254,
	default  = &quot;mm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Thousandth of an inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mly&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megalight-year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mly&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 9.4607304725808e21,
	default  = &quot;kpc&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Light-year#Definitions&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mpc&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megaparsec&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mpc&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 3.0856775814671916e22,
	default  = &quot;Mly&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;NM&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;nautical mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;NM&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1852,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;nmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;nautical mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;nmi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1852,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oldUKnmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;nautical mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;nmi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1853.184,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oldUSnmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;nautical mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;nmi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1853.24496,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pc&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;parsec&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;pc&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 3.0856775814671916e16,
	default  = &quot;ly&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;perch&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;perches&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;perch&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 5.0292,
	default  = &quot;ft m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Rod (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pitch&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;μm&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;μm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1e-6,
	default  = &quot;dpi&quot;,
	defkey   = &quot;pitch&quot;,
	linkey   = &quot;pitch&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Dots per inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pole&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;pole&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 5.0292,
	default  = &quot;ft m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Rod (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pre1954U.S.nmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;(pre-1954&amp;nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;(pre&amp;#8209;1954&amp;nbsp;U.S.) nmi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1853.24496,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Nautical mile&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pre1954USnmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;(pre-1954&amp;nbsp;US) nautical mile&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;(pre-1954&amp;nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;(pre&amp;#8209;1954&amp;nbsp;US) nmi&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;(pre&amp;#8209;1954&amp;nbsp;U.S.) nmi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1853.24496,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Nautical mile&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;rd&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;rod&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;rd&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 5.0292,
	default  = &quot;ft m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Rod (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;royal cubit&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;royal cubit&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.524,
	default  = &quot;mm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;rtkm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;route kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;route kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;km&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;mi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilometre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;rtmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;route mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1609.344,
	default  = &quot;km&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mile&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;shaku&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;shaku&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;shaku&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.30303030303030304,
	default  = &quot;m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Shaku (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;smoot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1.70180,
	default  = &quot;m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Smoot (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;smi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;statute mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1609.344,
	default  = &quot;km&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;chain&quot;] = { 80, default = &quot;km&quot; } },
    },
    [&quot;solar radius&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;solar radius&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;solar radii&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;''R''&lt;sub&gt;☉&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 695700e3,
	default  = &quot;km&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;sun&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;sun&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sun&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.030303030303030304,
	default  = &quot;mm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Japanese units of measurement#Length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;thou&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;thou&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;thou&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0000254,
	default  = &quot;mm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Thousandth of an inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;verst&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;verst&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 1066.8,
	default  = &quot;km mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;yd&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;yard&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;yd&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.9144,
	default  = &quot;m&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;ft&quot;] = { 3, default = &quot;m&quot; } },
    },
    [&quot;μin&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;microinch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;microinches&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;μin&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0000000254,
	default  = &quot;nm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;SI prefix#Non-metric units&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Å&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;ångström&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Å&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0000000001,
	default  = &quot;in&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Hz&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;hertz&quot;,
	_name2   = &quot;hertz&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;Hz&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
	scale    = 3.3356409519815204e-9,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Hertz&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-ft-frac&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;ft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Fracture gradient&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-in-stiff&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;in&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Stiffness&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-m-frac&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Fracture gradient&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-m-stiff&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Stiffness&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;100km&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;km&quot;,
	multiplier= 100,
    },
    [&quot;admiralty nmi&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;oldUKnmi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;angstrom&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Å&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;au&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;AU&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;au&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;feet&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;ft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hands&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;hand&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;inch&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;in&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;light-year&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;ly&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;meter&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;meters&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;metre&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;metres&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;micrometre&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;micron&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μm&quot;,
	default  = &quot;μin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mile&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;miles&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;parsec&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;pc&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;rod&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;rd&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;smoot&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;sm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;uin&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;yard&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;yd&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;yards&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;yd&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;yds&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;yd&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dtex&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;decitex&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;decitex&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;dtex&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;linear density&quot;,
	scale    = 1e-7,
	default  = &quot;lb/yd&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Units of textile measurement#Tex&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/cm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per centimetre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram per centimeter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per centimetre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms per centimeter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg/cm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;linear density&quot;,
	scale    = 100,
	default  = &quot;lb/yd&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Linear density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/m&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram per meter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per metre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms per meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg/m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;linear density&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;lb/yd&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Linear density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/ft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;linear density&quot;,
	scale    = 1.4881639435695539,
	default  = &quot;kg/m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Linear density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/yd&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per yard&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per yard&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/yd&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;linear density&quot;,
	scale    = 0.49605464785651798,
	default  = &quot;kg/m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Linear density&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;G&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;gauss&quot;,
	_name2   = &quot;gauss&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;G&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;magnetic field strength&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0001,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;T&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gauss (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;T&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;tesla&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;T&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;magnetic field strength&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;G&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tesla (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;A/m&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;ampere per metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;ampere per meter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;amperes per metre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;amperes per meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;A/m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;magnetizing field&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;Oe&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Magnetic field#Units&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kA/m&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kiloampere per metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kiloampere per meter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kiloamperes per metre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kiloamperes per meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kA/m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;magnetizing field&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;kOe&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Magnetic field#Units&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MA/m&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megaampere per metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;megaampere per meter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;megaamperes per metre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;megaamperes per meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;MA/m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;magnetizing field&quot;,
	scale    = 1e6,
	default  = &quot;kOe&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Magnetic field#Units&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Oe&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;oersted&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;Oe&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;magnetizing field&quot;,
	scale    = 79.5774715,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;kA/m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Oersted&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-Lcwt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;hundredweight&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;hundredweight&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cwt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 50.80234544,
	default  = &quot;lb&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-Scwt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;hundredweight&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;hundredweight&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cwt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 45.359237,
	default  = &quot;lb&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-ST&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ST&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 907.18474,
	default  = &quot;t&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;carat&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;carat&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0002,
	default  = &quot;g&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Carat (mass)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;drachm&quot;] = {
	name1_us = &quot;dram&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;drachm&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001771845195,
	default  = &quot;g&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Dram (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dram&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;drachm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dwt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pennyweight&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;dwt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00155517384,
	default  = &quot;oz g&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;DWton&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;deadweight ton&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1016.0469088,
	default  = &quot;DWtonne&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonnage&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;DWtonne&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;deadweight tonne&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;DWton&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonnage&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;gram&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;g&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;oz&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gram&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gr&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;grain&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gr&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00006479891,
	default  = &quot;g&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grain (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Gt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gigatonne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Gt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000000000000,
	default  = &quot;LT ST&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impgalh2o&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial gallon of water&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;imperial gallons of water&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp&amp;nbsp;gal H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 4.5359236999999499,
	default  = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Imperial gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilotonne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000000,
	default  = &quot;LT ST&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.45359237,
	exception= &quot;integer_more_precision&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kg&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;oz&quot;] = { 16, default = &quot;kg&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Pound (mass)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Lcwt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;long hundredweight&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;long hundredweight&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Lcwt&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 50.80234544,
	default  = &quot;lb&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;qtr&quot;] = { 4, default = &quot;kg&quot; }, [&quot;st&quot;] = { 8, default = &quot;kg&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Hundredweight&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;long cwt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;long hundredweight&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;long hundredweight&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;long&amp;nbsp;cwt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 50.80234544,
	default  = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;qtr&quot;] = { 4, default = &quot;kg&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Hundredweight&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;long qtr&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;long quarter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;long&amp;nbsp;qtr&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 12.70058636,
	default  = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Avoirdupois&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;LT&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;long ton&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1016.0469088,
	default  = &quot;t&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;Lcwt&quot;] = { 20, default = &quot;t&quot;, unit = &quot;-Lcwt&quot; } },
    },
    [&quot;lt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;long ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;LT&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1016.0469088,
	default  = &quot;t&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;Lcwt&quot;] = { 20, default = &quot;t&quot;, unit = &quot;-Lcwt&quot; } },
    },
    [&quot;metric ton&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;metric ton&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;long ton&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metric ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;t&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;LT ST&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;megatonne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000000000,
	default  = &quot;LT ST&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Tonne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oz&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;ounce&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;oz&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.028349523125,
	default  = &quot;g&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ozt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;troy ounce&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ozt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0311034768,
	default  = &quot;oz g&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pdr&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pounder&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;pdr&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.45359237,
	default  = &quot;kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound (mass)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;qtr&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;quarter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;qtr&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 12.70058636,
	default  = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;lb&quot;] = { 28, default = &quot;kg&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Avoirdupois&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Scwt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short hundredweight&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;short hundredweight&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Scwt&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 45.359237,
	default  = &quot;lb&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Hundredweight&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;short cwt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short hundredweight&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;short hundredweight&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;short&amp;nbsp;cwt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 45.359237,
	default  = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Hundredweight&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;short qtr&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short quarter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;short&amp;nbsp;qtr&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 11.33980925,
	default  = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Avoirdupois&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ST&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;short ton&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 907.18474,
	default  = &quot;t&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;Scwt&quot;] = { 20, default = &quot;t&quot;, unit = &quot;-Scwt&quot; } },
    },
    [&quot;shtn&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;short ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;sh&amp;nbsp;tn&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 907.18474,
	default  = &quot;t&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;shton&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;ton&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 907.18474,
	default  = &quot;t&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;solar mass&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;solar mass&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;solar masses&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;''M''&lt;sub&gt;☉&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1.98855e30,
	default  = &quot;kg&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;st&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;stone&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;stone&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;st&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 6.35029318,
	default  = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	subdivs  = { [&quot;lb&quot;] = { 14, default = &quot;kg lb&quot; } },
	link     = &quot;Stone (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;t&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;tonne&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;metric ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;t&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;LT ST&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tonne&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;tonne&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;metric ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;t&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;shton&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;troy pound&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;troy pound&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.3732417216,
	default  = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Troy weight&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usgalh2o&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US gallon of water&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. gallon of water&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;US gallons of water&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;U.S. gallons of water&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;gal H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 3.7776215836051126,
	default  = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;United States customary units#Fluid volume&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;viss&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;viss&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;viss&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1.632932532,
	default  = &quot;kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Myanmar units of measurement#Mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;billion tonne&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e9t&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kilogram&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kg&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kilotonne&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbs&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;lb&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;troy pound&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lcwt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Lcwt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;long ton&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;LT&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mcg&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μg&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;million tonne&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6t&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;scwt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Scwt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;short ton&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;ST&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;stone&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;st&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;thousand tonne&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e3t&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tonnes&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;t&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/kW&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per kilowatt&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per kilowatt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg/kW&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass per unit power&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	default  = &quot;lb/hp&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilowatt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/hp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/hp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;mass per unit power&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00060827738784176115,
	default  = &quot;kg/kW&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Horsepower&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/h&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kg&quot;, &quot;h&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;mass per unit time&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lb/h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/h&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;lb&quot;, &quot;h&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;mass per unit time&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kg/h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-mol/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gram-moles per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g&amp;#8209;mol/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 1.1574074074074073e-5,
	default  = &quot;μmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-mol/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gram-moles per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g&amp;#8209;mol/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00027777777777777778,
	default  = &quot;mmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-mol/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gram-moles per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g&amp;#8209;mol/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.016666666666666666,
	default  = &quot;g-mol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g-mol/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gram-moles per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g&amp;#8209;mol/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;lb-mol/min&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gmol/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gram-moles per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gmol/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 1.1574074074074073e-5,
	default  = &quot;μmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gmol/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gram-moles per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gmol/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00027777777777777778,
	default  = &quot;mmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gmol/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gram-moles per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gmol/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.016666666666666666,
	default  = &quot;gmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gmol/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gram-mole per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;gram-moles per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gmol/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;lbmol/min&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kmol/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilomole per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilomoles per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kmol/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.011574074074074073,
	default  = &quot;mmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kmol/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilomole per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilomoles per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kmol/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.27777777777777779,
	default  = &quot;mol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kmol/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilomole per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilomoles per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kmol/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 16.666666666666668,
	default  = &quot;mol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilomole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kmol/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilomole per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilomoles per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kmol/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;lb-mol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb-mol/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound-moles per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb&amp;#8209;mol/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0052499116898148141,
	default  = &quot;mmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb-mol/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound-moles per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb&amp;#8209;mol/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.12599788055555555,
	default  = &quot;mol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb-mol/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound-moles per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb&amp;#8209;mol/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 7.5598728333333334,
	default  = &quot;mol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb-mol/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound-moles per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb&amp;#8209;mol/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 453.59237,
	default  = &quot;kmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbmol/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound-moles per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbmol/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0052499116898148141,
	default  = &quot;mmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbmol/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound-moles per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbmol/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.12599788055555555,
	default  = &quot;mol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbmol/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound-moles per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbmol/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 7.5598728333333334,
	default  = &quot;mol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbmol/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-mole per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound-moles per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbmol/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 453.59237,
	default  = &quot;kmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)#Other units called \&quot;mole\&quot;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mmol/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millimole per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;millimoles per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mmol/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	default  = &quot;lb-mol/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mol/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mole per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;moles per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mol/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 1.1574074074074073e-5,
	default  = &quot;μmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mol/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mole per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;moles per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mol/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00027777777777777778,
	default  = &quot;mmol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mol/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mole per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;moles per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mol/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.016666666666666666,
	default  = &quot;mol/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mol/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mole per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;moles per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mol/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;lb-mol/min&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;μmol/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;micromole per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;micromoles per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;μmol/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;molar rate&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000001,
	default  = &quot;lb-mol/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mole (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;umol/s&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;μmol/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/acre&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;per acre&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;per acre&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/acre&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00024710538146716532,
	default  = &quot;/ha&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/ha&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;per hectare&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;per hectare&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/ha&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 100e-6,
	default  = &quot;/acre&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Hectare&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/sqcm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;per square centimetre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;per square centimeter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;per square centimetre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;per square centimeter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 1e4,
	default  = &quot;/sqin&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Square centimetre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/sqin&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;per square inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;per square inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/in&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 1550.0031000062002,
	default  = &quot;/sqcm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Square inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/sqkm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;per square kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;per square kilometer&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;per square kilometre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;per square kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 1e-6,
	default  = &quot;/sqmi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Square kilometre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/sqmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;per square mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;per square mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/sq&amp;nbsp;mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 3.8610215854244582e-7,
	default  = &quot;/sqkm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Square mile&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PD/acre&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inhabitant per acre&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inhabitants per acre&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/acre&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00024710538146716532,
	default  = &quot;PD/ha&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PD/ha&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inhabitant per hectare&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inhabitants per hectare&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/ha&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 100e-6,
	default  = &quot;PD/acre&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Hectare&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PD/sqkm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inhabitant per square kilometre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;inhabitant per square kilometer&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inhabitants per square kilometre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;inhabitants per square kilometer&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 1e-6,
	default  = &quot;PD/sqmi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Square kilometre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PD/sqmi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inhabitant per square mile&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inhabitants per square mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/sq&amp;nbsp;mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 3.8610215854244582e-7,
	default  = &quot;PD/sqkm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Square mile&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/cm2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;/sqcm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/in2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;/sqin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/km2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;/sqkm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pd/acre&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;PD/acre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pd/ha&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;PD/ha&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PD/km2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;PD/sqkm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pd/km2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;PD/sqkm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PD/km²&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;PD/sqkm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pd/sqkm&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;PD/sqkm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pd/sqmi&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;PD/sqmi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/l&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;per litre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;per liter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;per litre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;per liter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/l&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit volume&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;/usgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Litre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;/USgal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;per gallon&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;per gallon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;/gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;per unit volume&quot;,
	scale    = 264.172052,
	default  = &quot;/l&quot;,
	link     = &quot;US gallon&quot;,
	customary= 2,
    },
    [&quot;/usgal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;/USgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;bhp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;brake horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;brake horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;bhp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 745.69987158227022,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Horsepower#Brake horsepower&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;large calorie per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;large calories per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Cal/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 0.048425925925925928,
	default  = &quot;kJ/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Cal/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;large calorie per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;large calories per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Cal/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 1.1622222222222223,
	default  = &quot;kJ/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cal/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;calorie per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;calories per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cal/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0011622222222222223,
	default  = &quot;W&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;CV&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metric horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metric horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;CV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 735.49875,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hk&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metric horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metric horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hk&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 735.49875,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 745.69987158227022,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp-electric&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;electric horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;electric horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 746,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Horsepower#Electrical horsepower&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp-electrical&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;electrical horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;electrical horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 746,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Horsepower#Electrical horsepower&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp-metric&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metric horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metric horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 735.49875,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ihp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;indicated horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;indicated horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ihp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 745.69987158227022,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Horsepower#Indicated horsepower&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcal/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilocalorie per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilocalories per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kcal/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 1.1622222222222223,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Calorie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kJ/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilojoule per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilojoules per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kJ/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 0.011574074074074073,
	default  = &quot;Cal/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilojoule&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kJ/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilojoule per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilojoules per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kJ/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 0.27777777777777779,
	default  = &quot;W&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilojoule&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PS&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metric horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metric horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;PS&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 735.49875,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;shp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;shaft horsepower&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;shaft horsepower&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;shp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 745.69987158227022,
	default  = &quot;kW&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Horsepower#Shaft horsepower&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;W&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;watt&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;W&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;hp&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Watt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BTU/h&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;BTU&quot;, &quot;h&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	default  = &quot;W&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Btu/h&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;Btu&quot;, &quot;h&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;power&quot;,
	default  = &quot;W&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;BHP&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;bhp&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;btu/h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;BTU/h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;HP&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;hp&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Hp&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;hp&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp-mechanical&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;hp&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;IHP&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;ihp&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;SHP&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;shp&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;whp&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;hp&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp/lb&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;horsepower per pound&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;horsepower per pound&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp/lb&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1643.986806,
	default  = &quot;kW/kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Power-to-weight ratio&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp/LT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;horsepower per long ton&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;horsepower per long ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp/LT&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.73392268125000004,
	default  = &quot;kW/t&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Power-to-weight ratio&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp/ST&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;horsepower per short ton&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;horsepower per short ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp/ST&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.821993403,
	default  = &quot;kW/t&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Power-to-weight ratio&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp/t&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;horsepower per tonne&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;horsepower per tonne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp/t&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.74569987158227022,
	default  = &quot;kW/t&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Power-to-weight ratio&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kW/kg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilowatt per kilogram&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilowatts per kilogram&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kW/kg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;hp/lb&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Power-to-weight ratio&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kW/t&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilowatt per tonne&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilowatts per tonne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kW/t&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;PS/t&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Power-to-weight ratio&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;PS/t&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metric horsepower per tonne&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metric horsepower per tonne&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;PS/t&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 0.73549875,
	default  = &quot;kW/t&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Power-to-weight ratio&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;shp/lb&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;shaft horsepower per pound&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;shaft horsepower per pound&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;shp/lb&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;power per unit mass&quot;,
	scale    = 1643.986806,
	default  = &quot;kW/kg&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Power-to-weight ratio&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hp/tonne&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;hp/t&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;hp/tonne&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kW/tonne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kW/tonne&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kW/t&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kW/tonne&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-lb/in2&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per square inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per square inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/in&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 6894.7572931683608,
	default  = &quot;kPa kgf/cm2&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pounds per square inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;atm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;standard atmosphere&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;atm&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 101325,
	default  = &quot;kPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Atmosphere (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Ba&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;barye&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Ba&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 0.1,
	default  = &quot;Pa&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;bar&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;bar&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 100000,
	default  = &quot;kPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Bar (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dbar&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;decibar&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;dbar&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 10000,
	default  = &quot;kPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Bar (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;inHg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch of mercury&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inches of mercury&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;inHg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 3386.388640341,
	default  = &quot;kPa&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kBa&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilobarye&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kBa&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 100,
	default  = &quot;hPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barye&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg-f/cm2&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram-force per square centimetre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram-force per square centimeter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms-force per square centimetre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms-force per square centimeter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 98066.5,
	default  = &quot;psi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg/cm2&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram per square centimetre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram per square centimeter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms per square centimetre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms per square centimeter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 98066.5,
	default  = &quot;psi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kgf/cm2&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram-force per square centimetre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram-force per square centimeter&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilograms-force per square centimetre&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilograms-force per square centimeter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kgf/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 98066.5,
	default  = &quot;psi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram-force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ksi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilopound per square inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilopounds per square inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ksi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 6894757.2931683613,
	default  = &quot;MPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pounds per square inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbf/in2&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-force per square inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds-force per square inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbf/in&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 6894.7572931683608,
	default  = &quot;kPa kgf/cm2&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pounds-force per square inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mb&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millibar&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mb&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 100,
	default  = &quot;hPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Bar (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mbar&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millibar&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mbar&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 100,
	default  = &quot;hPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Bar (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mmHg&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millimetre of mercury&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;millimeter of mercury&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;millimetres of mercury&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;millimeters of mercury&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mmHg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 133.322387415,
	default  = &quot;kPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Millimeter of mercury&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Pa&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;pascal&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;Pa&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;psi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pascal (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;psf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per square foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per square foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;psf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 47.880258980335839,
	default  = &quot;kPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pounds per square inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;psi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound per square inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pounds per square inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;psi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 6894.7572931683608,
	default  = &quot;kPa&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pounds per square inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Torr&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;torr&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Torr&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	scale    = 133.32236842105263,
	default  = &quot;kPa&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;N/cm2&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;N&quot;, &quot;cm2&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;psi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;N/m2&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;N&quot;, &quot;m2&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;psi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;g/cm2&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;g&quot;, &quot;cm2&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lb/sqft&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;g/m2&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;g&quot;, &quot;m2&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lb/sqft&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;kg/ha&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kg&quot;, &quot;ha&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lb/acre&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;kg/m2&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kg&quot;, &quot;m2&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lb/sqft&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;lb/1000sqft&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;lb&quot;, &quot;1000sqft&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;g/m2&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;lb/acre&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;lb&quot;, &quot;acre&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kg/ha&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;lb/sqft&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;lb&quot;, &quot;sqft&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kg/m2&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;lb/sqyd&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;lb&quot;, &quot;sqyd&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kg/m2&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;LT/acre&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;LT&quot;, &quot;acre&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;t/ha&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;MT/ha&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;MT&quot;, &quot;ha&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;LT/acre ST/acre&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;oz/sqft&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;oz&quot;, &quot;sqft&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;g/m2&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;oz/sqyd&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;oz&quot;, &quot;sqyd&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;g/m2&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;ST/acre&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;ST&quot;, &quot;acre&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;t/ha&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;t/ha&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;t&quot;, &quot;ha&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;LT/acre ST/acre&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;tonne/acre&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;tonne&quot;, &quot;acre&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;tonne/ha&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;tonne/ha&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;tonne&quot;, &quot;ha&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
	default  = &quot;tonne/acre&quot;,
	multiplier= 9.80665,
    },
    [&quot;kgfpsqcm&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kgf/cm2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kgpsqcm&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kg/cm2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kN/m2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kPa&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb/in2&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;lbf/in2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;torr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Torr&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Bq&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;becquerel&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;Bq&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;radioactivity&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;pCi&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Becquerel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Ci&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;curie&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;Ci&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;radioactivity&quot;,
	scale    = 3.7e10,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;GBq&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Curie&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Rd&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;rutherford&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;Rd&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;radioactivity&quot;,
	scale    = 1e6,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;MBq&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Rutherford (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cm/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;centimetre per hour&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;centimeter per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;centimetres per hour&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;centimeters per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cm/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 2.7777777777777775e-6,
	default  = &quot;in/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cm/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;centimetre per second&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;centimeter per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;centimetres per second&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;centimeters per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cm/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.01,
	default  = &quot;in/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cm/year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;centimetre per year&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;centimeter per year&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;centimetres per year&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;centimeters per year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cm/year&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 3.168873850681143e-10,
	default  = &quot;in/year&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Orders of magnitude (speed)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;foot/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;foot per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.3048,
	default  = &quot;m/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;feet per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00508,
	default  = &quot;m/min&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Feet per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;foot per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;feet per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.3048,
	default  = &quot;m/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Feet per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;furlong per fortnight&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;furlongs per fortnight&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;furlong per fortnight&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00016630952380952381,
	default  = &quot;km/h mph&quot;,
	link     = &quot;FFF system&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inches per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 7.0555555555555559e-6,
	default  = &quot;cm/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inches per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0254,
	default  = &quot;cm/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Inch&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in/year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;inch per year&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;inches per year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in/year&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 8.0489395807301024e-10,
	default  = &quot;cm/year&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Orders of magnitude (speed)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;isp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;km/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Specific impulse&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilometre per day&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilometer per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilometres per day&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilometers per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;km/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 1.1574074074074074e-2,
	default  = &quot;mi/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Orders of magnitude (speed)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilometre per hour&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilometer per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilometres per hour&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilometers per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;km/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.27777777777777779,
	default  = &quot;mph&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilometres per hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilometre per second&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilometer per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kilometres per second&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;kilometers per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;km/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;mi/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kn&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;knot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kn&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.51444444444444448,
	default  = &quot;km/h mph&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Knot (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kNs/kg&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;kN&amp;#8209;s/kg&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kN&amp;#8209;s/kg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 1000,
	default  = &quot;isp&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Specific impulse&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m/min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metre per minute&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;meter per minute&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metres per minute&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;meters per minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m/min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.016666666666666666,
	default  = &quot;ft/min&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metre per second&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;meter per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metres per second&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;meters per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;ft/s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mach&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;Mach&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mach&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	builtin  = &quot;mach&quot;,
	scale    = 0,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;km/h mph&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mach number&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi/d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mile per day&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;miles per day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mi/d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 1.8626666666666667e-2,
	default  = &quot;km/d&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Orders of magnitude (speed)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi/s&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mile per second&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;miles per second&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mi/s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 1609.344,
	default  = &quot;km/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Mile&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mm/h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millimetre per hour&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;millimeter per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;millimetres per hour&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;millimeters per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mm/h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 2.7777777777777781e-7,
	default  = &quot;in/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mph&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;mile per hour&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;miles per hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mph&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 0.44704,
	default  = &quot;km/h&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Miles per hour&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Ns/kg&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;N&amp;#8209;s/kg&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;N&amp;#8209;s/kg&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;isp&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Specific impulse&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;si tsfc&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;g/(kN⋅s)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;g/(kN⋅s)&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 9.9999628621379242e-7,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;tsfc&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Thrust specific fuel consumption&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tsfc&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;lb/(lbf⋅h)&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb/(lbf⋅h)&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	scale    = 2.832545036049801e-5,
	invert   = -1,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;si tsfc&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Thrust specific fuel consumption&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cm/y&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cm/year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cm/yr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cm/year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in/y&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;in/year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in/yr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;in/year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;knot&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kn&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;knots&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;kn&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kph&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;km/h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi/h&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;mph&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mm/s&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;mm&quot;, &quot;s&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;speed&quot;,
	default  = &quot;in/s&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Metre per second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;C&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;degree Celsius&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;degrees Celsius&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;°C&quot;,
	usesymbol= 1,
	utype    = &quot;temperature&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	offset   = -273.15,
	iscomplex= true,
	istemperature= true,
	default  = &quot;F&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Celsius&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;F&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;degree Fahrenheit&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;degrees Fahrenheit&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;°F&quot;,
	usesymbol= 1,
	utype    = &quot;temperature&quot;,
	scale    = 0.55555555555555558,
	offset   = 32-273.15*(9/5),
	iscomplex= true,
	istemperature= true,
	default  = &quot;C&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Fahrenheit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;K&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;kelvin&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;K&quot;,
	usesymbol= 1,
	utype    = &quot;temperature&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	offset   = 0,
	iscomplex= true,
	istemperature= true,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;C F&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kelvin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;keVT&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kiloelectronvolt&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;keV&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;temperature&quot;,
	scale    = 11.604505e6,
	offset   = 0,
	iscomplex= true,
	default  = &quot;MK&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Electronvolt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;R&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;degree Rankine&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;degrees Rankine&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;°R&quot;,
	usesymbol= 1,
	utype    = &quot;temperature&quot;,
	scale    = 0.55555555555555558,
	offset   = 0,
	iscomplex= true,
	istemperature= true,
	default  = &quot;K F C&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Rankine scale&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Celsius&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;C&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;°C&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;C&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;°F&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;F&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;°R&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;R&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;C-change&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;degree Celsius change&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;degrees Celsius change&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;°C&quot;,
	usesymbol= 1,
	utype    = &quot;temperature change&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;F-change&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Celsius&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;F-change&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;degree Fahrenheit change&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;degrees Fahrenheit change&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;°F&quot;,
	usesymbol= 1,
	utype    = &quot;temperature change&quot;,
	scale    = 0.55555555555555558,
	default  = &quot;C-change&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Fahrenheit&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;K-change&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kelvin change&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;kelvins change&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;K&quot;,
	usesymbol= 1,
	utype    = &quot;temperature change&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;F-change&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kelvin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;°C-change&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;C-change&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;°F-change&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;F-change&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;century&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;century&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;centuries&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ha&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 3155760000,
	default  = &quot;Gs&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;d&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;day&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;d&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 86400,
	default  = &quot;ks&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;decade&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;decade&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;daa&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 315576000,
	default  = &quot;Ms&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dog year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;dog year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;dog yr&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 220903200,
	default  = &quot;years&quot;,
	link     = &quot;List of unusual units of measurement#Dog year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;fortnight&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;fortnight&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 1209600,
	default  = &quot;week&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;h&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;hour&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;h&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 3600,
	default  = &quot;ks&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;long billion year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;billion years&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;billion years&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Ta&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 31557600000000000000,
	default  = &quot;Es&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Annum&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;millennium&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millennium&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;millennia&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ka&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 31557600000,
	default  = &quot;Gs&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;milliard year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;milliard years&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;milliard years&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Ga&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 31557600000000000,
	default  = &quot;Ps&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Annum&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;million year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;million years&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;million years&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Ma&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 31557600000000,
	default  = &quot;Ts&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Annum&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;min&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;minute&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 60,
	default  = &quot;s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;month&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;month&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 2629800,
	default  = &quot;Ms&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;months&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;month&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mo&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 2629800,
	default  = &quot;year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;s&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;second&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;s&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;min&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Second&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;short billion year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;billion years&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;billion years&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Ga&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 31557600000000000,
	default  = &quot;Ps&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Annum&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;short trillion year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;trillion years&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;trillion years&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Ta&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 31557600000000000000,
	default  = &quot;Es&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Annum&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;thousand million year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;thousand million years&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;thousand million years&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Ga&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 31557600000000000,
	default  = &quot;Ps&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Annum&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;wk&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;week&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 604800,
	default  = &quot;Ms&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;year&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;a&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 31557600,
	default  = &quot;Ms&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Annum&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;years&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;year&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;yr&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;time&quot;,
	scale    = 31557600,
	default  = &quot;Ms&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Annum&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;byr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;short billion year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;day&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;d&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;days&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;d&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;dog yr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;dog year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Gyr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;thousand million year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hour&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;hours&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;h&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kMyr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;thousand million year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kmyr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;thousand million year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kyr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;millennium&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;long byr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;long billion year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;minute&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;min&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;minutes&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;min&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mth&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;month&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Myr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;million year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;myr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;million year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;second&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;seconds&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;s&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tmyr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;thousand million year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tryr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;short trillion year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;tyr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;millennium&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;week&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;wk&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;weeks&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;wk&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;yr&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;year&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kg.m&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg⋅m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;Nm lbft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram metre (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kgf.m&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram force-metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram force-meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kgf⋅m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;Nm lbfft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram metre (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kgm&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;kilogram metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;kilogram meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kg⋅m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;Nm lbfft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram metre (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb-fft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound force-foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound force-feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;ft⋅lb&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 1.3558179483314004,
	default  = &quot;Nm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound-foot (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb.ft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound force-foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound force-feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb⋅ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 1.3558179483314004,
	default  = &quot;Nm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound-foot (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb.in&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound force-inch&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb⋅in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 0.1129848290276167,
	default  = &quot;mN.m&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound-foot (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbfft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound force-foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound force-feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lbf⋅ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 1.3558179483314004,
	default  = &quot;Nm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound-foot (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;pound-foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;pound-feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;lb⋅ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 1.3558179483314004,
	default  = &quot;Nm&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pound-foot (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m.kg-f&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metre kilogram-force&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;meter kilogram-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metre kilograms-force&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;meter kilograms-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m⋅kg&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;Nm lbfft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram metre (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m.kgf&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;metre kilogram-force&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;meter kilogram-force&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;metre kilograms-force&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;meter kilograms-force&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m⋅kgf&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 9.80665,
	default  = &quot;Nm lbfft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kilogram metre (torque)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mN.m&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;millinewton metre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;millinewton meter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;mN⋅m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	default  = &quot;lb.in&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Newton metre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Nm&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;newton metre&quot;,
	_name1_us= &quot;newton meter&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;N⋅m&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	alttype  = &quot;energy&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;lbfft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Newton metre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kN/m&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;kN&quot;, &quot;-m-stiff&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	default  = &quot;lbf/in&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbf/in&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;lbf&quot;, &quot;-in-stiff&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;torque&quot;,
	default  = &quot;kN/m&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb-f.ft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;lb-fft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbf.ft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;lbfft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lbf·ft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;lbfft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lb·ft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;lb.ft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mkg-f&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m.kg-f&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mkgf&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m.kgf&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;N.m&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Nm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;N·m&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;Nm&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-12USoz(mL)serve&quot;] = {
	name1_us = &quot;12&amp;nbsp;U.S.&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz (355&amp;nbsp;mL) serving&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;12&amp;nbsp;US&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz (355&amp;nbsp;mL) serving&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;12&amp;nbsp;U.S.&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz (355&amp;nbsp;mL) serving&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00035488235475000004,
	default  = &quot;mL&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Beverage can#Standard sizes&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-12USoz(ml)serve&quot;] = {
	name1_us = &quot;12&amp;nbsp;U.S.&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz (355&amp;nbsp;ml) serving&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;12&amp;nbsp;US&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz (355&amp;nbsp;ml) serving&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;12&amp;nbsp;U.S.&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz (355&amp;nbsp;ml) serving&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00035488235475000004,
	default  = &quot;ml&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Beverage can#Standard sizes&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;-12USozserve&quot;] = {
	name1_us = &quot;12&amp;nbsp;U.S.&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz serving&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;12&amp;nbsp;US&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz serving&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;12&amp;nbsp;U.S.&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz serving&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00035488235475000004,
	default  = &quot;mL&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Beverage can#Standard sizes&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;acre foot&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;acre foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;acre foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;acre⋅ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 1233.48183754752,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;acre ft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;acre foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;acre feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;acre⋅ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 1233.48183754752,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;AUtbsp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;Australian tablespoon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;AU&amp;nbsp;tbsp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000020,
	default  = &quot;ml&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Bcuft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;billion cubic foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;billion cubic feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;billion cu&amp;nbsp;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 28316846.592,
	default  = &quot;Gl&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic foot&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;bdft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;board foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;board feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;bd&amp;nbsp;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0023597372167,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;board feet&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;board feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;board foot&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0023597372167,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;board foot&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;board foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;board foot&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0023597372167,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cc&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic centimetre&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic centimeter&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cc&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000001,
	default  = &quot;cuin&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;CID&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic inches&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000016387064,
	default  = &quot;cc&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic inch#Engine displacement&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cord&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;cord&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 3.624556363776,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cord (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cufoot&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic foot&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.028316846592,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuft&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic foot&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic feet&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;ft&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.028316846592,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuin&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic inch&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic inches&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;in&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000016387064,
	default  = &quot;cm3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cumi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic mile&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;mi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 4168181825.440579584,
	default  = &quot;km3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuyd&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic yard&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;cu&amp;nbsp;yd&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.764554857984,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;firkin&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;firkin&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.04091481,
	default  = &quot;l impgal USgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Firkin (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;foot3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cufoot&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Goilbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;billion barrels&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;billion barrels&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Gbbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 158987294.928,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gr water&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;grains water&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;grains water&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gr H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00000006479891,
	default  = &quot;cm3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Grain (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;grt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gross register ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;grt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 2.8316846592,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gross register tonnage&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial barrel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp&amp;nbsp;bbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.16365924,
	default  = &quot;l impgal USgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impbsh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial bushel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp&amp;nbsp;bsh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.03636872,
	default  = &quot;l impgal USdrygal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impbu&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial bushel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp&amp;nbsp;bu&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.03636872,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impgal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial gallon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00454609,
	default  = &quot;l USgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impgi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gill&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0001420653125,
	default  = &quot;ml USoz&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gill (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impkenning&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial kenning&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kenning&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.01818436,
	default  = &quot;l USdrygal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kenning (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impoz&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial fluid ounce&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0000284130625,
	default  = &quot;ml USoz&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;imppk&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial peck&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;pk&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00909218,
	default  = &quot;l USdrygal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Peck&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;imppt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial pint&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp&amp;nbsp;pt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00056826125,
	default  = &quot;l&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impqt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;imperial quart&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;imp&amp;nbsp;qt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0011365225,
	default  = &quot;ml USoz&quot;,
	customary= 3,
    },
    [&quot;kilderkin&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;kilderkin&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.08182962,
	default  = &quot;l impgal USgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;koilbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;thousand barrels&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;thousand barrels&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;kbbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 158.987294928,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! ! e3 ! m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;litre&quot;,
	_name1_us= &quot;liter&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;L&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;impgal USgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Litre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;l&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;litre&quot;,
	_name1_us= &quot;liter&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;l&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001,
	prefixes = 1,
	default  = &quot;impgal USgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Litre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3&quot;] = {
	_name1   = &quot;cubic metre&quot;,
	_name1_us= &quot;cubic meter&quot;,
	_symbol  = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
	prefix_position= 7,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	prefixes = 3,
	default  = &quot;cuft&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Cubic metre&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;thousand barrels&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;thousand barrels&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mbbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 158.987294928,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! e3 ! ! m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MMoilbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;million barrels&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;million barrels&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;MMbbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 158987.294928,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Moilbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;million barrels&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;million barrels&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Mbbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 158987.294928,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MTON&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;measurement ton&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;MTON&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 1.13267386368,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MUSgal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;million US gallons&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;million U.S. gallons&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;million US gallons&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;million U.S. gallons&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;million US&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;million U.S.&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 3785.411784,
	default  = &quot;Ml&quot;,
	link     = &quot;US gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;oilbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;barrel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;bbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.158987294928,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;stere&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;stere&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 1,
	default  = &quot;cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Toilbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;trillion barrels&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;trillion barrels&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;Tbbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 158987294928,
	default  = &quot;v * 1.58987294928 &lt; 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US barrel&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. barrel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;bbl&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;bbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.119240471196,
	default  = &quot;l USgal impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USbeerbbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US beer barrel&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. beer barrel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;bbl&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;bbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.117347765304,
	default  = &quot;l USgal impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USbsh&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US bushel&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. bushel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;bsh&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;bsh&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.03523907016688,
	default  = &quot;l USdrygal impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Bushel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USbu&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US bushel&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. bushel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;bu&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;bu&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.03523907016688,
	default  = &quot;l USdrygal impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Bushel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USdrybbl&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US dry barrel&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. dry barrel&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;dry&amp;nbsp;bbl&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;dry&amp;nbsp;bbl&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.11562819898508,
	default  = &quot;m3&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Barrel (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USdrygal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US dry gallon&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. dry gallon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;dry&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;dry&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00440488377086,
	default  = &quot;l&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USdrypt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US dry pint&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. dry pint&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;dry&amp;nbsp;pt&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;dry&amp;nbsp;pt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0005506104713575,
	default  = &quot;ml&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pint&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USdryqt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US dry quart&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. dry quart&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;dry&amp;nbsp;qt&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;dry&amp;nbsp;qt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.001101220942715,
	default  = &quot;ml&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Quart&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USflgal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US gallon&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. gallon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US fl gal&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.003785411784,
	default  = &quot;l impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USgal&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US gallon&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. gallon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;gal&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.003785411784,
	default  = &quot;l impgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USgi&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;gill&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;gi&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0001182941183,
	default  = &quot;ml impoz&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gill (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USkenning&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US kenning&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. kenning&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;kenning&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;kenning&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.01761953508344,
	default  = &quot;l impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Kenning (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USmin&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US minim&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. minim&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;min&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;min&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000000061611519921875,
	default  = &quot;ml&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Minim (unit)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USoz&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US fluid ounce&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. fluid ounce&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;fl&amp;nbsp;oz&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0000295735295625,
	default  = &quot;ml&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USpk&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US peck&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. peck&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;pk&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;pk&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.00880976754172,
	default  = &quot;l impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Peck&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USpt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US pint&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. pint&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;pt&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;pt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000473176473,
	default  = &quot;l imppt&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Pint&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USqt&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US quart&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. quart&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;qt&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;qt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000946352946,
	default  = &quot;ml&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Quart&quot;,
	customary= 1,
    },
    [&quot;USquart&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US quart&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. quart&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;qt&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;qt&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.000946352946,
	default  = &quot;ml impoz&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Quart&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;UStbsp&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;US tablespoon&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;U.S. tablespoon&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US&amp;nbsp;tbsp&quot;,
	sym_us   = &quot;U.S.&amp;nbsp;tbsp&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 1.4786764781250001e-5,
	default  = &quot;ml&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;winecase&quot;] = {
	symbol   = &quot;case&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
	scale    = 0.009,
	default  = &quot;l&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Case (goods)&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;*U.S.drygal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdrygal&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	customary= 2,
    },
    [&quot;*U.S.gal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgal&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	default  = &quot;L impgal&quot;,
	customary= 2,
    },
    [&quot;+USdrygal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdrygal&quot;,
	customary= 1,
    },
    [&quot;+usfloz&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USoz&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Fluid ounce&quot;,
	customary= 1,
    },
    [&quot;+USgal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgal&quot;,
	customary= 1,
    },
    [&quot;+USoz&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USoz&quot;,
	customary= 1,
    },
    [&quot;@impgal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Gallon&quot;,
	customary= 3,
    },
    [&quot;acre feet&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;acre ft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;acre-feet&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;acre ft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;acre-ft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;acre ft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;acre.foot&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;acre foot&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;acre.ft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;acre ft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;acre·ft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;acre ft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;bushels&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USbsh&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cid&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;CID&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ft3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gallon&quot;] = {
	shouldbe = &quot;Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallon%})&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;gallons&quot;] = {
	shouldbe = &quot;Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallons%})&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Gcuft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e9cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;impfloz&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;impoz&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Impgal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;impgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;in3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cuin&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;in&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcuft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e3cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kcum&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e3m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;km³&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;km3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;liter&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;L&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;liters&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;L&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;litre&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;L&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;litres&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;L&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mcuft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mcum&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Mft3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e6cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mi3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cumi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m³&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;m3&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Pcuft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e15cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;pt&quot;] = {
	shouldbe = &quot;Use %{USpt%} for US pints or %{imppt%} for imperial pints (not %{pt%})&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;qt&quot;] = {
	shouldbe = &quot;Use %{USqt%} for US quarts or %{impqt%} for imperial quarts (not %{qt%})&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Tcuft&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e12cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;Tft3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;e12cuft&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.bbl&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USbbl&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	default  = &quot;l U.S.gal impgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.beerbbl&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USbeerbbl&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	default  = &quot;l U.S.gal impgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.bsh&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USbsh&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	default  = &quot;l U.S.drygal impgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.bu&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USbu&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	default  = &quot;l U.S.drygal impgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.drybbl&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdrybbl&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.drygal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdrygal&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.drypt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdrypt&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.dryqt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdryqt&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.flgal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USflgal&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.floz&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USoz&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.gal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgal&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	default  = &quot;L impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;U.S. gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;u.s.gal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgal&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	default  = &quot;L impgal&quot;,
	link     = &quot;U.S. gallon&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.gi&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgi&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.kenning&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USkenning&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.oz&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USoz&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.pk&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USpk&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.pt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USpt&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.qt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USqt&quot;,
	sp_us    = true,
	default  = &quot;L impqt&quot;,
	customary= 2,
    },
    [&quot;usbbl&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USbbl&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usbeerbbl&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USbeerbbl&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usbsh&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USbsh&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usbu&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USbu&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usdrybbl&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdrybbl&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usdrygal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdrygal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usdrypt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdrypt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usdryqt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USdryqt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USfloz&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USoz&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usfloz&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USoz&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USGAL&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usgal&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgal&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usgi&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USgi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;uskenning&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USkenning&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usoz&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USoz&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;uspk&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USpk&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;uspt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USpt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;usqt&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;USqt&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;yd3&quot;] = {
	target   = &quot;cuyd&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuft/sqmi&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;cuft&quot;, &quot;sqmi&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;volume per unit area&quot;,
	default  = &quot;m3/km2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3/ha&quot;] = {
	name1    = &quot;cubic metre per hectare&quot;,
	name1_us = &quot;cubic meter per hectare&quot;,
	name2    = &quot;cubic metres per hectare&quot;,
	name2_us = &quot;cubic meters per hectare&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/ha&quot;,
	utype    = &quot;volume per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 0.0001,
	default  = &quot;USbu/acre&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Hectare&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3/km2&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;m3&quot;, &quot;km2&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;volume per unit area&quot;,
	default  = &quot;cuft/sqmi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;U.S.gal/acre&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;U.S.gal&quot;, &quot;acre&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;volume per unit area&quot;,
	default  = &quot;m3/km2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USbu/acre&quot;] = {
	name2    = &quot;US bushels per acre&quot;,
	symbol   = &quot;US bushel per acre&quot;,
	usename  = 1,
	utype    = &quot;volume per unit area&quot;,
	scale    = 8.7077638761350888e-6,
	default  = &quot;m3/ha&quot;,
	link     = &quot;Bushel&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;USgal/acre&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;USgal&quot;, &quot;acre&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;volume per unit area&quot;,
	default  = &quot;m3/km2&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;cuyd/mi&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;cuyd&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;volume per unit length&quot;,
	default  = &quot;m3/km&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;m3/km&quot;] = {
	per      = { &quot;m3&quot;, &quot;km&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;volume per unit length&quot;,
	default  = &quot;cuyd/mi&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mich&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;ch&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	multiple = { 80 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;michlk&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;chlk&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	multiple = { 80 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;michainlk&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;chainlk&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	multiple = { 80 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;miydftin&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;in&quot;, &quot;ft&quot;, &quot;yd&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	multiple = { 12, 3, 1760 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mift&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;ft&quot;, &quot;mi&quot; },
	multiple = { 5280 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ydftin&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;in&quot;, &quot;ft&quot;, &quot;yd&quot; },
	multiple = { 12, 3 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ydft&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;ft&quot;, &quot;yd&quot; },
	multiple = { 3 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ftin&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;in&quot;, &quot;ft&quot; },
	multiple = { 12 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;footin&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;in&quot;, &quot;foot&quot; },
	multiple = { 12 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;handin&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;in&quot;, &quot;hand&quot; },
	multiple = { 4 },
	utype    = &quot;length&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;lboz&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;oz&quot;, &quot;lb&quot; },
	multiple = { 16 },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;stlb&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;lb&quot;, &quot;st&quot; },
	multiple = { 14 },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;stlboz&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;oz&quot;, &quot;lb&quot;, &quot;st&quot; },
	multiple = { 16, 14 },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;st and lb&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;lb&quot;, &quot;st&quot; },
	multiple = { 14 },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GN LTf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;GN&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GN LTf STf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;GN&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GN STf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;GN&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;GN STf LTf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;GN&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kN LTf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;kN&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kN LTf STf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;kN&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kN STf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;kN&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kN STf LTf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;kN&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;LTf STf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;-LTf&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MN LTf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;MN&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MN LTf STf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;MN&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MN STf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;MN&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;MN STf LTf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;MN&quot;, &quot;-STf&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;STf LTf&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;-STf&quot;, &quot;-LTf&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;force&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/100 km mpgimp&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;L/100 km&quot;, &quot;mpgimp&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;l/100 km mpgimp&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;l/100 km&quot;, &quot;mpgimp&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/100 km mpgUS&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;L/100 km&quot;, &quot;mpgus&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;L/100 km mpgus&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;L/100 km&quot;, &quot;mpgus&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;l/100 km mpgus&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;l/100 km&quot;, &quot;mpgus&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;mpgimp L/100 km&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;mpgimp&quot;, &quot;L/100 km&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;fuel efficiency&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;LT ST t&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;lt&quot;, &quot;-ST&quot;, &quot;t&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;LT t ST&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;lt&quot;, &quot;t&quot;, &quot;-ST&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ST LT t&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;-ST&quot;, &quot;lt&quot;, &quot;t&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ST t LT&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;-ST&quot;, &quot;t&quot;, &quot;lt&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;t LT ST&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;t&quot;, &quot;lt&quot;, &quot;-ST&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;ton&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;LT&quot;, &quot;ST&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;mass&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kPa kg/cm2&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;kPa&quot;, &quot;kgf/cm2&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;kPa lb/in2&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;kPa&quot;, &quot;-lb/in2&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;pressure&quot;,
    },
    [&quot;floz&quot;] = {
	combination= { &quot;impoz&quot;, &quot;USoz&quot; },
	utype    = &quot;volume&quot;,
    },
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running --
-- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above).   --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
local default_exceptions = {
	-- Prefixed units with a default different from that of the base unit.
	-- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (unitcode for engineering notation).
	[&quot;cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;sqin&quot;,
	[&quot;dm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;sqin&quot;,
	[&quot;e3acre&quot;] = &quot;km2&quot;,
	[&quot;e3m2&quot;] = &quot;e6sqft&quot;,
	[&quot;e6acre&quot;] = &quot;km2&quot;,
	[&quot;e6ha&quot;] = &quot;e6acre&quot;,
	[&quot;e6km2&quot;] = &quot;e6sqmi&quot;,
	[&quot;e6m2&quot;] = &quot;e6sqft&quot;,
	[&quot;e6sqft&quot;] = &quot;v * 9.290304 &lt; 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2&quot;,
	[&quot;e6sqmi&quot;] = &quot;e6km2&quot;,
	[&quot;hm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;acre&quot;,
	[&quot;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;sqmi&quot;,
	[&quot;mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;sqin&quot;,
	[&quot;aJ&quot;] = &quot;eV&quot;,
	[&quot;e3BTU&quot;] = &quot;MJ&quot;,
	[&quot;e6BTU&quot;] = &quot;GJ&quot;,
	[&quot;EJ&quot;] = &quot;kWh&quot;,
	[&quot;fJ&quot;] = &quot;keV&quot;,
	[&quot;GJ&quot;] = &quot;kWh&quot;,
	[&quot;MJ&quot;] = &quot;kWh&quot;,
	[&quot;PJ&quot;] = &quot;kWh&quot;,
	[&quot;pJ&quot;] = &quot;MeV&quot;,
	[&quot;TJ&quot;] = &quot;kWh&quot;,
	[&quot;YJ&quot;] = &quot;kWh&quot;,
	[&quot;yJ&quot;] = &quot;μeV&quot;,
	[&quot;ZJ&quot;] = &quot;kWh&quot;,
	[&quot;zJ&quot;] = &quot;meV&quot;,
	[&quot;e12cuft/a&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e12cuft/d&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d&quot;,
	[&quot;e12m3/a&quot;] = &quot;Tcuft/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e12m3/d&quot;] = &quot;Tcuft/d&quot;,
	[&quot;e3cuft/a&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e3cuft/d&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d&quot;,
	[&quot;e3cuft/s&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s&quot;,
	[&quot;e3m3/a&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e3m3/d&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d&quot;,
	[&quot;e3m3/s&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s&quot;,
	[&quot;e3USgal/a&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e6cuft/a&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e6cuft/d&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d&quot;,
	[&quot;e6cuft/s&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s&quot;,
	[&quot;e6m3/a&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e6m3/d&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d&quot;,
	[&quot;e6m3/s&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s&quot;,
	[&quot;e6USgal/a&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e9cuft/a&quot;] = &quot;m3/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e9cuft/d&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d&quot;,
	[&quot;e9m3/a&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e9m3/d&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d&quot;,
	[&quot;e9m3/s&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s&quot;,
	[&quot;e9USgal/a&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a&quot;,
	[&quot;e9USgal/s&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s&quot;,
	[&quot;nN&quot;] = &quot;gr-f&quot;,
	[&quot;μN&quot;] = &quot;gr-f&quot;,
	[&quot;mN&quot;] = &quot;oz-f&quot;,
	[&quot;am&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;cm&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;dam&quot;] = &quot;ft&quot;,
	[&quot;dm&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;e12km&quot;] = &quot;e12mi&quot;,
	[&quot;e12mi&quot;] = &quot;e12km&quot;,
	[&quot;e3AU&quot;] = &quot;ly&quot;,
	[&quot;e3km&quot;] = &quot;e3mi&quot;,
	[&quot;e3mi&quot;] = &quot;e3km&quot;,
	[&quot;e6km&quot;] = &quot;e6mi&quot;,
	[&quot;e6mi&quot;] = &quot;e6km&quot;,
	[&quot;e9km&quot;] = &quot;AU&quot;,
	[&quot;e9mi&quot;] = &quot;e9km&quot;,
	[&quot;Em&quot;] = &quot;mi&quot;,
	[&quot;fm&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;Gm&quot;] = &quot;mi&quot;,
	[&quot;hm&quot;] = &quot;ft&quot;,
	[&quot;km&quot;] = &quot;mi&quot;,
	[&quot;mm&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;Mm&quot;] = &quot;mi&quot;,
	[&quot;nm&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;Pm&quot;] = &quot;mi&quot;,
	[&quot;pm&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;Tm&quot;] = &quot;mi&quot;,
	[&quot;Ym&quot;] = &quot;mi&quot;,
	[&quot;ym&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;Zm&quot;] = &quot;mi&quot;,
	[&quot;zm&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;μm&quot;] = &quot;in&quot;,
	[&quot;e12lb&quot;] = &quot;v * 4.5359237 &lt; 10 ! Mt ! Gt&quot;,
	[&quot;e3lb&quot;] = &quot;v * 4.5359237 &lt; 10 ! kg ! t&quot;,
	[&quot;e3ozt&quot;] = &quot;v * 0.311034768 &lt; 10 ! kg ! t&quot;,
	[&quot;e3t&quot;] = &quot;LT ST&quot;,
	[&quot;e6carat&quot;] = &quot;t&quot;,
	[&quot;e6lb&quot;] = &quot;v * 4.5359237 &lt; 10 ! t ! kilotonne&quot;,
	[&quot;e6ozt&quot;] = &quot;lb kg&quot;,
	[&quot;e6ST&quot;] = &quot;Mt&quot;,
	[&quot;e6t&quot;] = &quot;LT ST&quot;,
	[&quot;e9lb&quot;] = &quot;v * 4.5359237 &lt; 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt&quot;,
	[&quot;e9t&quot;] = &quot;LT ST&quot;,
	[&quot;Gg&quot;] = &quot;lb&quot;,
	[&quot;kg&quot;] = &quot;lb&quot;,
	[&quot;mg&quot;] = &quot;gr&quot;,
	[&quot;Mg&quot;] = &quot;LT ST&quot;,
	[&quot;ng&quot;] = &quot;gr&quot;,
	[&quot;μg&quot;] = &quot;gr&quot;,
	[&quot;mBq&quot;] = &quot;fCi&quot;,
	[&quot;kBq&quot;] = &quot;nCi&quot;,
	[&quot;MBq&quot;] = &quot;μCi&quot;,
	[&quot;GBq&quot;] = &quot;mCi&quot;,
	[&quot;TBq&quot;] = &quot;Ci&quot;,
	[&quot;PBq&quot;] = &quot;kCi&quot;,
	[&quot;EBq&quot;] = &quot;kCi&quot;,
	[&quot;fCi&quot;] = &quot;mBq&quot;,
	[&quot;pCi&quot;] = &quot;Bq&quot;,
	[&quot;nCi&quot;] = &quot;Bq&quot;,
	[&quot;μCi&quot;] = &quot;kBq&quot;,
	[&quot;mCi&quot;] = &quot;MBq&quot;,
	[&quot;kCi&quot;] = &quot;TBq&quot;,
	[&quot;MCi&quot;] = &quot;PBq&quot;,
	[&quot;ns&quot;] = &quot;μs&quot;,
	[&quot;μs&quot;] = &quot;ms&quot;,
	[&quot;ms&quot;] = &quot;s&quot;,
	[&quot;ks&quot;] = &quot;h&quot;,
	[&quot;Ms&quot;] = &quot;week&quot;,
	[&quot;Gs&quot;] = &quot;decade&quot;,
	[&quot;Ts&quot;] = &quot;millennium&quot;,
	[&quot;Ps&quot;] = &quot;million year&quot;,
	[&quot;Es&quot;] = &quot;thousand million year&quot;,
	[&quot;MK&quot;] = &quot;keVT&quot;,
	[&quot;cL&quot;] = &quot;impoz usoz&quot;,
	[&quot;cl&quot;] = &quot;impoz usoz&quot;,
	[&quot;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;cuin&quot;,
	[&quot;dL&quot;] = &quot;impoz usoz&quot;,
	[&quot;dl&quot;] = &quot;impoz usoz&quot;,
	[&quot;mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;cuin&quot;,
	[&quot;dm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;cuin&quot;,
	[&quot;e12cuft&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3&quot;,
	[&quot;e12impgal&quot;] = &quot;v * 4.54609 &lt; 1000 ! T ! P ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e12m3&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;e12U.S.gal&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! T ! P ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e12USgal&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! T ! P ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e15cuft&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3&quot;,
	[&quot;e15m3&quot;] = &quot;Pcuft&quot;,
	[&quot;e3bdft&quot;] = &quot;v * 0.23597372167 &lt; 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3&quot;,
	[&quot;e3cuft&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! ! e3 ! m3&quot;,
	[&quot;e3impgal&quot;] = &quot;v * 4.54609 &lt; 1000 ! k ! M ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e3m3&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;e3U.S.gal&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! k ! M ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e3USgal&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! k ! M ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e6bdft&quot;] = &quot;v * 0.23597372167 &lt; 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3&quot;,
	[&quot;e6cuft&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3&quot;,
	[&quot;e6cuyd&quot;] = &quot;v * 7.64554857984 &lt; 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3&quot;,
	[&quot;e6impgal&quot;] = &quot;v * 4.54609 &lt; 1000 ! M ! G ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e6L&quot;] = &quot;USgal&quot;,
	[&quot;e6m3&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;e6U.S.gal&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! M ! G ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e6USgal&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! M ! G ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e9bdft&quot;] = &quot;v * 0.23597372167 &lt; 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3&quot;,
	[&quot;e9cuft&quot;] = &quot;v * 2.8316846592 &lt; 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3&quot;,
	[&quot;e9impgal&quot;] = &quot;v * 4.54609 &lt; 1000 ! G ! T ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e9m3&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;e9U.S.gal&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! G ! T ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;e9USgal&quot;] = &quot;v * 3.785411784 &lt; 1000 ! G ! T ! l&quot;,
	[&quot;GL&quot;] = &quot;cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;Gl&quot;] = &quot;cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;kL&quot;] = &quot;cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;kl&quot;] = &quot;cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;cumi&quot;,
	[&quot;mL&quot;] = &quot;impoz usoz&quot;,
	[&quot;ml&quot;] = &quot;impoz usoz&quot;,
	[&quot;Ml&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;ML&quot;] = &quot;v &lt; 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft&quot;,
	[&quot;TL&quot;] = &quot;cumi&quot;,
	[&quot;Tl&quot;] = &quot;cumi&quot;,
	[&quot;μL&quot;] = &quot;cuin&quot;,
	[&quot;μl&quot;] = &quot;cuin&quot;,
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running --
-- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above).   --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
local link_exceptions = {
	-- Prefixed units with a linked article different from that of the base unit.
	-- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (not unitcode).
	[&quot;mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;Square millimetre&quot;,
	[&quot;cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;Square centimetre&quot;,
	[&quot;dm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;Square decimetre&quot;,
	[&quot;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;Square kilometre&quot;,
	[&quot;kJ&quot;] = &quot;Kilojoule&quot;,
	[&quot;MJ&quot;] = &quot;Megajoule&quot;,
	[&quot;fm&quot;] = &quot;Femtometre&quot;,
	[&quot;pm&quot;] = &quot;Picometre&quot;,
	[&quot;nm&quot;] = &quot;Nanometre&quot;,
	[&quot;μm&quot;] = &quot;Micrometre&quot;,
	[&quot;mm&quot;] = &quot;Millimetre&quot;,
	[&quot;cm&quot;] = &quot;Centimetre&quot;,
	[&quot;dm&quot;] = &quot;Decimetre&quot;,
	[&quot;dam&quot;] = &quot;Decametre&quot;,
	[&quot;hm&quot;] = &quot;Hectometre&quot;,
	[&quot;km&quot;] = &quot;Kilometre&quot;,
	[&quot;Mm&quot;] = &quot;Megametre&quot;,
	[&quot;Gm&quot;] = &quot;Gigametre&quot;,
	[&quot;Tm&quot;] = &quot;Terametre&quot;,
	[&quot;Pm&quot;] = &quot;Petametre&quot;,
	[&quot;Em&quot;] = &quot;Exametre&quot;,
	[&quot;Zm&quot;] = &quot;Zettametre&quot;,
	[&quot;Ym&quot;] = &quot;Yottametre&quot;,
	[&quot;μg&quot;] = &quot;Microgram&quot;,
	[&quot;mg&quot;] = &quot;Milligram&quot;,
	[&quot;kg&quot;] = &quot;Kilogram&quot;,
	[&quot;Mg&quot;] = &quot;Tonne&quot;,
	[&quot;yW&quot;] = &quot;Yoctowatt&quot;,
	[&quot;zW&quot;] = &quot;Zeptowatt&quot;,
	[&quot;aW&quot;] = &quot;Attowatt&quot;,
	[&quot;fW&quot;] = &quot;Femtowatt&quot;,
	[&quot;pW&quot;] = &quot;Picowatt&quot;,
	[&quot;nW&quot;] = &quot;Nanowatt&quot;,
	[&quot;μW&quot;] = &quot;Microwatt&quot;,
	[&quot;mW&quot;] = &quot;Milliwatt&quot;,
	[&quot;kW&quot;] = &quot;Kilowatt&quot;,
	[&quot;MW&quot;] = &quot;Megawatt&quot;,
	[&quot;GW&quot;] = &quot;Gigawatt&quot;,
	[&quot;TW&quot;] = &quot;Terawatt&quot;,
	[&quot;PW&quot;] = &quot;Petawatt&quot;,
	[&quot;EW&quot;] = &quot;Exawatt&quot;,
	[&quot;ZW&quot;] = &quot;Zettawatt&quot;,
	[&quot;YW&quot;] = &quot;Yottawatt&quot;,
	[&quot;as&quot;] = &quot;Attosecond&quot;,
	[&quot;fs&quot;] = &quot;Femtosecond&quot;,
	[&quot;ps&quot;] = &quot;Picosecond&quot;,
	[&quot;ns&quot;] = &quot;Nanosecond&quot;,
	[&quot;μs&quot;] = &quot;Microsecond&quot;,
	[&quot;ms&quot;] = &quot;Millisecond&quot;,
	[&quot;ks&quot;] = &quot;Kilosecond&quot;,
	[&quot;Ms&quot;] = &quot;Megasecond&quot;,
	[&quot;Gs&quot;] = &quot;Gigasecond&quot;,
	[&quot;Ts&quot;] = &quot;Terasecond&quot;,
	[&quot;Ps&quot;] = &quot;Petasecond&quot;,
	[&quot;Es&quot;] = &quot;Exasecond&quot;,
	[&quot;Zs&quot;] = &quot;Zettasecond&quot;,
	[&quot;Ys&quot;] = &quot;Yottasecond&quot;,
	[&quot;mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;Cubic millimetre&quot;,
	[&quot;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;Cubic centimetre&quot;,
	[&quot;dm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;Cubic decimetre&quot;,
	[&quot;dam&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;Cubic decametre&quot;,
	[&quot;km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;] = &quot;Cubic kilometre&quot;,
	[&quot;μL&quot;] = &quot;Microlitre&quot;,
	[&quot;μl&quot;] = &quot;Microlitre&quot;,
	[&quot;mL&quot;] = &quot;Millilitre&quot;,
	[&quot;ml&quot;] = &quot;Millilitre&quot;,
	[&quot;cL&quot;] = &quot;Centilitre&quot;,
	[&quot;cl&quot;] = &quot;Centilitre&quot;,
	[&quot;dL&quot;] = &quot;Decilitre&quot;,
	[&quot;dl&quot;] = &quot;Decilitre&quot;,
	[&quot;daL&quot;] = &quot;Decalitre&quot;,
	[&quot;dal&quot;] = &quot;Decalitre&quot;,
	[&quot;hL&quot;] = &quot;Hectolitre&quot;,
	[&quot;hl&quot;] = &quot;Hectolitre&quot;,
	[&quot;kL&quot;] = &quot;Kilolitre&quot;,
	[&quot;kl&quot;] = &quot;Kilolitre&quot;,
	[&quot;ML&quot;] = &quot;Megalitre&quot;,
	[&quot;Ml&quot;] = &quot;Megalitre&quot;,
	[&quot;GL&quot;] = &quot;Gigalitre&quot;,
	[&quot;Gl&quot;] = &quot;Gigalitre&quot;,
	[&quot;TL&quot;] = &quot;Teralitre&quot;,
	[&quot;Tl&quot;] = &quot;Teralitre&quot;,
	[&quot;PL&quot;] = &quot;Petalitre&quot;,
	[&quot;Pl&quot;] = &quot;Petalitre&quot;,
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running --
-- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above).   --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
local per_unit_fixups = {
	-- Automatically created per units of form &quot;x/y&quot; may have their unit type
	-- changed, for example, &quot;length/time&quot; is changed to &quot;speed&quot;.
	-- Other adjustments can also be specified.
	[&quot;/area&quot;] = &quot;per unit area&quot;,
	[&quot;/volume&quot;] = &quot;per unit volume&quot;,
	[&quot;area/area&quot;] = &quot;area per unit area&quot;,
	[&quot;energy/length&quot;] = &quot;energy per unit length&quot;,
	[&quot;energy/mass&quot;] = &quot;energy per unit mass&quot;,
	[&quot;energy/time&quot;] = { utype = &quot;power&quot;, link = &quot;Power (physics)&quot; },
	[&quot;energy/volume&quot;] = &quot;energy per unit volume&quot;,
	[&quot;force/area&quot;] = { utype = &quot;pressure&quot;, link = &quot;Pressure&quot; },
	[&quot;length/length&quot;] = { utype = &quot;gradient&quot;, link = &quot;Grade (slope)&quot; },
	[&quot;length/time&quot;] = { utype = &quot;speed&quot;, link = &quot;Speed&quot; },
	[&quot;length/time/time&quot;] = { utype = &quot;acceleration&quot;, link = &quot;Acceleration&quot; },
	[&quot;mass/area&quot;] = { utype = &quot;pressure&quot;, multiplier = 9.80665 },
	[&quot;mass/length&quot;] = &quot;linear density&quot;,
	[&quot;mass/mass&quot;] = &quot;concentration&quot;,
	[&quot;mass/power&quot;] = &quot;mass per unit power&quot;,
	[&quot;mass/time&quot;] = &quot;mass per unit time&quot;,
	[&quot;mass/volume&quot;] = { utype = &quot;density&quot;, link = &quot;Density&quot; },
	[&quot;power/mass&quot;] = &quot;power per unit mass&quot;,
	[&quot;power/volume&quot;] = { link = &quot;Power density&quot; },
	[&quot;pressure/length&quot;] = &quot;fracture gradient&quot;,
	[&quot;speed/time&quot;] = { utype = &quot;acceleration&quot;, link = &quot;Acceleration&quot; },
	[&quot;volume/area&quot;] = &quot;volume per unit area&quot;,
	[&quot;volume/length&quot;] = &quot;volume per unit length&quot;,
	[&quot;volume/time&quot;] = &quot;flow&quot;,
}

return {
	all_units = all_units,
	default_exceptions = default_exceptions,
	link_exceptions = link_exceptions,
	per_unit_fixups = per_unit_fixups,
}</text>
      <sha1>6wzcf8j5sxao123sxexk5xtzh9rc3oo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Color</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5554</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32065</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:07:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For {{infobox tiko}}</comment>
      <origin>32065</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="181" sha1="s66u50lzf1g4d955nh4mw43vypr0i16" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;color:{{{1|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{2|{{{1|}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s66u50lzf1g4d955nh4mw43vypr0i16</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Increase</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5555</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32066</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:08:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For {{infobox tiko}}</comment>
      <origin>32066</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="113" sha1="h8temrduvll3y5e1l87aju4ie6qj33n" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Increase2.svg|11px|alt={{{1|Increase}}}|link=|{{{1|Increase}}}]]&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h8temrduvll3y5e1l87aju4ie6qj33n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Decrease</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5556</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32067</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:11:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Made new template</comment>
      <origin>32067</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="113" sha1="h50bk13amk8xloe3snk5422s24dvm0m" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Decrease2.svg|11px|alt={{{1|Decrease}}}|link=|{{{1|Decrease}}}]]&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h50bk13amk8xloe3snk5422s24dvm0m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ntsh</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5558</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32073</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:32:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32073</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="484" sha1="22raikg5cow8znmtsdz0rcxd1as3ej2" xml:space="preserve">{{number table sorting/{{#iferror:{{#expr:+{{formatnum:{{{1|}}}|R}}}}
      |error
      |Qyes/{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{1}}}|R}}&lt;0}}
    }}
   |{{formatnum:{{{1|}}}|R}}|style={{#ifeq:{{{debug}}}|yes
      |border:1px solid;display:inline;
      |display:none
    }}
   |{{#expr:floor((ln(abs({{formatnum:{{{1}}}|R}}))/ln10)+1E-14)}}|prefix={{{prefix|}}}
   |{{{hideerror|off}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>22raikg5cow8znmtsdz0rcxd1as3ej2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Number table sorting/error</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5559</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32074</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:33:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32074</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="203" sha1="4k4zlgecwic2rurekhbeq3nfuh38gkv" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|on
   ||{{#if:{{{1|}}}
      |'''{{color|red|Error: {{{1}}}}}''' This is not a valid number.  Please refer to the documentation at {{tl|number table sorting}} for correct input.
   }}
}}</text>
      <sha1>4k4zlgecwic2rurekhbeq3nfuh38gkv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Number table sorting/Qyes/0</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5560</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32075</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:36:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32075</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="581" sha1="6pl30tgb32rxbs3i48cdtpk1cwfn62p" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifeq:{{{style|display:none}}}|display:none
  |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;
  |&lt;span style=&quot;{{{style|display:inline}}}&quot; class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;
}}{{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{{1|0}}}}}|INF
   |9000000000000000000
   |{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0}}}=0
     |5000000000000000000
     |{{#expr:7000+{{{2|0}}}}}{{padleft:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{#expr:floor({{{1|0}}}E(4-{{{2|0}}}))}}}}}}|5}}{{padleft:{{#expr:(floor({{{1|0}}}E(9-{{{2|0}}})))mod1E5}}|5}}{{padleft:{{#expr:(floor({{{1|0}}}E(14-{{{2|0}}})))mod1E5}}|5}}
   }}
}}♠{{#ifeq:{{{style|display:none}}}|display:none
  |&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  |&lt;/span&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>6pl30tgb32rxbs3i48cdtpk1cwfn62p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Nts</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5561</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32076</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:38:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32076</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="530" sha1="9c65zhyccadvlt2icr4f3zc2ugcqg7r" xml:space="preserve">{{number table sorting/{{#iferror:{{#expr:+{{formatnum:{{{1|}}}|R}}}}
      |error
      |Q{{{quiet|no/F{{{format|yes}}}/S{{{scinote|no}}}}}}/{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{1}}}|R}}&lt;0}}
    }}
   |{{formatnum:{{{1|}}}|R}}|style={{#ifeq:{{{debug}}}|yes
      |border:1px solid;display:inline
      |display:none
    }}
   |{{#expr:floor((ln(abs({{formatnum:{{{1}}}|R}}))/ln10)+1E-14)}}|prefix={{{prefix|}}}
   |{{{hideerror|off}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9c65zhyccadvlt2icr4f3zc2ugcqg7r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Number table sorting</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5562</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Nts" />
    <revision>
      <id>32077</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:39:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>32077</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" sha1="i199izpiovrcxd4i3k2v2hn3oauq6bk" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:nts]]</text>
      <sha1>i199izpiovrcxd4i3k2v2hn3oauq6bk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Number table sorting/Qno/Fyes/Sno/0</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5563</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32078</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:41:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32078</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="971" sha1="j74tkjr7qa8kq6trcg1n1qx0aeynmgm" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;{{{style|display:none}}}&quot; class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{{1|0}}}}}|INF
   |9000000000000000000
   |{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0}}}=0
     |5000000000000000000
     |{{#expr:7000+{{{2|0}}}}}{{padleft:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{#expr:floor({{{1|0}}}E(4-{{{2|0}}}))}}}}}}|5}}{{padleft:{{#expr:(floor({{{1|0}}}E(9-{{{2|0}}})))mod1E5}}|5}}{{padleft:{{#expr:(floor({{{1|0}}}E(14-{{{2|0}}})))mod1E5}}|5}}
   }}
}}♠&lt;/span&gt;{{{prefix|}}}{{formatnum:{{#if:{{#titleparts:{{{1|0}}}|1|2}}
     |{{number table sorting/frac|{{{1|0}}}|{{#titleparts:{{{1|0}}}|1|1}}|{{#titleparts:{{{1|0}}}|1|2}}|pos}}
     |{{#switch:{{#expr:{{{1|}}}400}}
        |0|INF={{#iferror:{{#expr:1/{{#expr:{{{1|0}}}}}}}
           |{{{1|0}}}
           |{{#expr:{{{1}}}E-{{{2|0}}}}}&lt;span style=&quot;margin-left:0.2em&quot;&gt;×&lt;span style=&quot;margin-left:0.1em&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;s style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;^&lt;/s&gt;&lt;sup&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}}&lt;0|−{{#expr:-{{{2|0}}}}}|{{{2|0}}}}}&lt;/sup&gt;
         }}
        |{{{1|0}}}
      }}
   }}
}}</text>
      <sha1>j74tkjr7qa8kq6trcg1n1qx0aeynmgm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Hs</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5564</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32079</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:43:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32079</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130" sha1="gxbiui12nrexhc5cdfhg77ql8aperkc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span data-sort-value=&quot;{{#invoke:sortkey|encode|{{{1}}}}}&quot; style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gxbiui12nrexhc5cdfhg77ql8aperkc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Hidden sort key</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5565</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Hs" />
    <revision>
      <id>32080</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:44:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>32080</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="rlv8zu1rcfp55lelwtvwkoez263bu1k" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:hs]]</text>
      <sha1>rlv8zu1rcfp55lelwtvwkoez263bu1k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Sortkey</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5566</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32081</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:46:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32081</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="435" sha1="376td4vgdd1gjsxqc6t677vqzhhll1k" xml:space="preserve">local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs

local p = {}

function p._encode(sortkey)
	-- Protect against sortkey nesting.
	-- Example: {{sort|{{dts|2013|07|07}}|{{dts|1990|12|01}}}}
	if string.find(sortkey, &quot;sortkey&quot;) or string.find(sortkey, &quot;data-sort-value&quot;) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	end
    return mw.text.encode(sortkey)
end

function p.encode(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame);
	return p._encode(args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>376td4vgdd1gjsxqc6t677vqzhhll1k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Flaglist</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5567</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32082</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:49:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32082</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="152" sha1="o7oj0tt10q2cr1kx1xlciabdxolvu72" xml:space="preserve">{{country data {{{1|}}}|flaglist/core|name={{{name|{{{1|}}}}}}|variant={{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}}|size={{{size|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>o7oj0tt10q2cr1kx1xlciabdxolvu72</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Flaglist/core</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5568</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32083</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:50:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="328" sha1="d6fy794hcxpwj6c7905krp0907ddk3v" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot; style=&quot;display:inline-block;width:{{#invoke:Flaglist|width|{{{size|}}}}}px;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|23x15px}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}} |alt=|link=]]&lt;/span&gt; [[{{{alias}}}|{{{name}}}]]&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d6fy794hcxpwj6c7905krp0907ddk3v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Flaglist</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5569</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32084</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T19:52:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New supporting module</comment>
      <origin>32084</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="918" sha1="fj0lf9cpgyfjt3fkou3ik4c63fe0h1d" xml:space="preserve">-- Calculates the width of the span box for [[Template:Flaglist]]
-- based on the specified image size

local p = {}

function p.luawidth(size)
--For use within Lua

local w

if string.find(size,&quot;^%d+x%d+px$&quot;) then -- width and height (eg. 20x10px)
  -- use specified width
  w = tonumber(string.match(size,&quot;(%d+)x%d+px&quot;)) + 2 -- (2px for borders)
elseif string.find(size,&quot;^%d+px$&quot;) then -- width only (eg. 20px)
  -- use specified width
  w = tonumber(string.match(size,&quot;(%d+)px&quot;)) + 2
elseif string.find(size,&quot;^x%d+px$&quot;) then -- height only (eg. x10px)
  -- assume a width based on the height
  local h = tonumber(string.match(size,&quot;x(%d+)px&quot;))
  w = h * 2.2
  w = math.floor(w+0.5) -- round to integer
else -- empty or invalid input
  w = 25 -- default width for flagicons including borders
end

return tostring(w)

end

function p.width(frame)
--For external use

return p.luawidth(frame[&quot;args&quot;][1])

end

return p</text>
      <sha1>fj0lf9cpgyfjt3fkou3ik4c63fe0h1d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Noflag</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5570</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32088</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:01:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32088</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="122" sha1="7dnh056r7gg28ylc3ca1itxpn605nyn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot; style=&quot;padding-left:{{{size|25px}}};&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;{{{1|}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7dnh056r7gg28ylc3ca1itxpn605nyn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data Russia</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5571</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32089</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:13:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}} | alias = Russia | flag alias = Flag of Russia.svg | flag alias-1668 = Flag of Russia (1668).svg | flag alias-1696 = Flag of...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32089</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1874" sha1="jaioopzh1wwwcjn218shivnlutylaec" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = Russia
| flag alias = Flag of Russia.svg
| flag alias-1668 = Flag of Russia (1668).svg
| flag alias-1696 = Flag of Russia (1696-1917).svg
| flag alias-1721 = Flag of Oryol (variant).svg
| flag alias-1858 = Romanov Flag.svg
| flag alias-1914 = Flag of Russian Empire for private use (1914–1917).svg
| flag alias-1918a=Flag of Russia (1918).svg
| flag alias-1918 = Flag of Russia (1918–1920).svg
| flag alias-1925 = Flag of the Russian SFSR (1920-1937).svg
| flag alias-1937 = Flag of the Russian SFSR (1937-1954).svg
| flag alias-1954 = Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg
| flag alias-1991 = Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg
| flag alias-1993 = Flag of Russia (Kremlin.ru).svg
| flag alias-2000 = Flag of Russia (WFB 2000).svg
| flag alias-2004 = Flag of Russia (WFB 2004).svg
| flag alias-2013 = Flag of Russia (WFB 2013).svg
| flag alias-army  = Flag of the Russian ground forces.svg
| link alias-army  = Russian Ground Forces
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Russia.svg
| link alias-naval = Russian Navy
| flag alias-navy=Naval Jack of Russia.svg
| link alias-navy =Russian Navy
| flag alias-air force = Flag of the Air Force of the Russian Federation.svg
| link alias-air force = Russian Air Force
| flag alias-marines=Naval Jack of Russia.svg
| link alias-marines=Russian Naval Infantry
| flag alias-coast guard=Russia, Flag of border service 2008.svg
| link alias-coast guard=Coast Guard of the Border Service of the FSB
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1668
| var2 = 1696
| var3 = 1721
| var4 = 1858
| var5 = 1914
| var6 = 1918a
| var7 = 1918
| var8 = 1925
| var9 = 1937
| var10 = 1954
| var11 = 1991
| var12 = 1993
| var13 = 2000
| var14 = 2004
| var15 = 2013
| redir1 = RUS
| redir2 = Russian Federation
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>jaioopzh1wwwcjn218shivnlutylaec</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data Canada</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5572</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37704</id>
      <parentid>36565</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-10-24T13:22:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(WFB_2000).svg|Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(WFB_2000).svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Gbawden|Gbawden]] because: Uncontroversial maintenance ([[:c:COM:CSD#G6|G6]]).</comment>
      <origin>37704</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2733" sha1="hpd4fbc94b7dweiu6kdwakgayyip43z" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = Canada
| flag alias = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg
| flag alias-1841 =
| flag alias-1867-official = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-1868 = Canadian Red Ensign (1868–1921).svg
| flag alias-1905 = Canadian Red Ensign (1905–1922).svg
| flag alias-1907 = Canadian Red Ensign (1907–1921).png
| flag alias-1921 = Canadian Red Ensign (1921–1957).svg
| flag alias-1957 = Flag of Canada (1957–1965).svg
| flag alias-1964 = Flag of Canada (1964).svg
| flag alias-1965 = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg
| flag alias-2004 = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg
| flag alias-armed forces = Canadian Forces Flag.svg
| link alias-armed forces = Canadian Armed Forces
| flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of Canada; Naval jack of Canada (1968–2013).svg
| link alias-naval = Royal Canadian Navy
| flag alias-naval-1868 = Canadian Blue Ensign (1868–1921).svg
| flag alias-naval-1911 = Naval ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
| flag alias-naval-1921 = Canadian Blue Ensign (1921–1957).svg
| flag alias-naval-1957 = Canadian Blue Ensign (1957–1965).svg
| flag alias-naval-1965 = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg
| flag alias-coast guard = Coastguard Flag of Canada.svg
| link alias-coast guard = Canadian Coast Guard
| flag alias-air force = Royal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg
| flag alias-air force-1924 = Ensign of the Royal Canadian Air Force.svg
| link alias-air force = Royal Canadian Air Force
| flag alias-army-1939 = Flag of the Canadian Army (1939–1944).svg
| flag alias-army-1968 = Flag of the Canadian Army (1968–1998).svg
| flag alias-army-1989 = Flag of the Canadian Army (1968–1998).svg
| flag alias-army-2013 = Flag of the Canadian Army (2013–2016).svg
| flag alias-army = Flag of the Canadian Army.svg
| link alias-army = Canadian Army
| link alias-football = Canada {{{mw|men's}}} national {{{age|}}} soccer team
| link alias-basketball = Canada {{{mw|men's}}} national {{{age|}}} basketball team
| link alias-field hockey = Canada {{{mw|men's}}} national field hockey team
| flag alias-military=Flag of the Canadian Forces.svg
| link alias-military=Canadian Armed Forces
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| altvar = {{{altvar|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1841
| var2 = 1867-official
| var3 = 1868
| var4 = 1905
| var5 = 1907
| var6 = 1921
| var7 = 1957
| var8 = 1964
| var9 = 1965
| var10 = 2004
| var11 = naval-1868
| var12 = naval-1911
| var13 = naval-1921
| var14 = naval-1957
| var15 = naval-1965
| var16 = air force-1924
| var17 = army-1939
| var18 = army-1968
| var19 = army-1989
| var20 = army-2013
| redir1 = CAN
| redir2 = Province of Canada
| redir3 = Dominion of Canada
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>hpd4fbc94b7dweiu6kdwakgayyip43z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data China</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5573</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37701</id>
      <parentid>36333</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-10-20T09:45:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SHB2000</username>
        <id>7806</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Flag of China (2000 World Factbook).svg]] → [[File:Flag of China (WFB 2000).svg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)</comment>
      <origin>37701</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1908" sha1="ja37386r2d7llqmx6vbcpqrbx2tofbl" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = China
| flag alias = Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| flag alias-1862 = Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1889).svg
| border-1862 =
| flag alias-1889 = Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg
| flag alias-1912 = Flag of China (1912–1928).svg
| flag alias-1929 = Flag of China (1928–1949).svg
| flag alias-1949 = Flag of China (WFB 2000).png
| flag alias-2000 = Flag of China (WFB 2000).svg
| flag alias-2004 = Flag of China (WFB 2004).svg
| flag alias-2009 = Flag of China (WFB 2009).svg
| flag alias-military = People's Liberation Army Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| link alias-military = People's Liberation Army
| flag alias-army = Ground Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| link alias-army = People's Liberation Army Ground Force
| flag alias-naval = Naval ensign of China.svg
| link alias-naval = People's Liberation Army Navy
| flag alias-navy = Naval ensign of China.svg
| link alias-navy = People's Liberation Army Navy
| flag alias-air force = Air Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| link alias-air force = People's Liberation Army Air Force
| link alias-coast guard=China Coast Guard
| flag alias-marines = Naval Ensign of the People's Republic of China.svg
| link alias-marines = People's Liberation Army Marine Corps
| name alias-football = China PR
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| altvar = {{{altvar|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1862
| var2 = 1889
| var3 = 1912
| var4 = 1929
| var5 = 1949
| var6 = 2000
| var7 = 2004
| var8 = 2009
| var9 = military
| redir1 = CHN
| redir2 = People's Republic of China
| redir3 = China, People's Republic of
| redir4 = China (People's Republic of)
| redir5 = PRC
| related1 = Qing dynasty
| related2 = Republic of China
| related3 = Republic of China (1912–1949)
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>ja37386r2d7llqmx6vbcpqrbx2tofbl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:IAST</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5574</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32095</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:35:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32095</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" sha1="3bup8ninxwnddkfz78xr8teld57o7sc" xml:space="preserve">{{transl|sa|IAST|{{{1}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3bup8ninxwnddkfz78xr8teld57o7sc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Transl</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5575</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32096</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:36:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32096</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="92" sha1="7xtp3r8t5cux6u2ocbjk65rd4njjujc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:lang|transl}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7xtp3r8t5cux6u2ocbjk65rd4njjujc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Lang</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5576</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39273</id>
      <parentid>32097</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-04-03T03:48:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Liuxinyu970226</username>
        <id>3205</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39273</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="54144" sha1="69segatnl71hoikmfawnjku8ysmb404" xml:space="preserve">--[=[

Lua support for the {{lang}}, {{lang-xx}}, and {{transl}} templates and replacement of various supporting templates. 

]=]

require('strict');
local p = {};

local initial_style_state;														-- set by lang_xx_normal() and lang_xx_italic()

local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs;
local lang_name_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Language/name/data');

local synonym_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms');				-- ISO 639-2/639-2T code translation to 639-1 code

local lang_data =  mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data');							-- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables

local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace;							-- used for categorization

local maint_cats = {};															-- maintenance categories go here
local maint_msgs = {};															-- and their messages go here


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.

]]

local function is_set( var )
	return not (var == nil or var == '');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ L A T N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------

Returns true if all of text argument is written using Latn script for letters, numbers and punctuationset; false else.

]]

p.is_latn = require ('Module:Unicode data').is_Latin


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N V E R T  _ I T A L I C S &gt;-------------------------------------------------

This function attempts to invert the italic markup a args.text by adding/removing leading/trailing italic markup
in args.text.  Like |italic=unset, |italic=invert disables automatic italic markup.  Individual leading/trailing
apostrophes are converted to their html numeric entity equivalent so that the new italic markup doesn't become
bold markup inadvertently.

Leading and trailing wiki markup is extracted from args.text into separate table elements.  Addition, removal,
replacement of wiki markup is handled by a string.gsub() replacement table operating only on these separate elements.
In the string.gsub() matching pattern, '.*' matches empty string as well as the three expected wiki markup patterns.

This function expects that markup in args.text is complete and correct; if it is not, oddness may result.

]]

local function invert_italics (source)
	local invert_pattern_table = {												-- leading/trailing markup add/remove/replace patterns
		[&quot;&quot;]=&quot;\'\'&quot;,															-- empty string becomes italic markup
		[&quot;\'\'&quot;]=&quot;&quot;,															-- italic markup becomes empty string
		[&quot;\'\'\'&quot;]=&quot;\'\'\'\'\'&quot;,												-- bold becomes bold italic
		[&quot;\'\'\'\'\'&quot;]=&quot;\'\'\'&quot;,												-- bold italic become bold
		};
	local seg = {};

	source = source:gsub (&quot;%f[\']\'%f[^\']&quot;, '&amp;#38;');							-- protect single quote marks from being interpreted as bold markup

	seg[1] = source:match ('^(\'\'+%f[^\']).+') or '';							-- get leading markup, if any; ignore single quote
	seg[3] = source:match ('.+(%f[\']\'\'+)$') or '';							-- get trailing markup, if any; ignore single quote

	if '' ~= seg[1] and '' ~= seg[3] then										-- extract the 'text' 
		seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)%f[\']\'\'+$')					-- from between leading and trailing markup
	elseif '' ~= seg[1] then
		seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)')								-- following leading markup
	elseif '' ~= seg[3] then
		seg[2] = source:match ('(.+)%f[\']\'\'+$')								-- preceding trailing markup
	else
		seg[2] = source															-- when there is no markup
	end

	seg[1] = seg[1]:gsub (&quot;.*&quot;, invert_pattern_table, 1);						-- replace leading markup according to pattern table
	seg[3] = seg[3]:gsub (&quot;.*&quot;, invert_pattern_table, 1);						-- replace leading markup according to pattern table

	return table.concat (seg);													-- put it all back together and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C &gt;------------------------------------------------

validates |italic= or |italics= assigned values.

When |italic= is set and has an acceptible assigned value, return the matching css font-style property value or,
for the special case 'default', return nil.

When |italic= is not set, or has an unacceptible assigned value, return nil and a nil error message.

When both |italic= and |italics= are set, returns nil and a 'conflicting' error message.

The return value nil causes the calling lang, lang_xx, or transl function to set args.italic according to the template's
defined default ('inherit' for {{lang}}, 'inherit' or 'italic' for {{lang-xx}} depending on
the individual template's requirements, 'italic' for {{transl}}) or to the value appropriate to |script=, if set ({{lang}}
and {{lang-xx}} only).

Accepted values and the values that this function returns are are:
	nil		-	when |italic= absent or not set; returns nil
	default	-	for completeness, should rarely if ever be used; returns nil
	yes		-	force args.text to be rendered in italic font; returns 'italic'
	no		-	force args.text to be rendered in normal font; returns 'normal'
	unset	-	disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup inside or outside the template; returns 'inherit'
	invert	-	disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup outside or inverted inside the template; returns 'invert'

]]

local function validate_italic (args)
	local properties = {['yes'] = 'italic', ['no'] = 'normal', ['unset'] = 'inherit', ['invert'] = 'invert', ['default'] = nil};
	
	local count = 0
	for _, arg in pairs {'italic', 'italics', 'i'} do
		if args[arg] then
			count = count + 1
		end
	end

	if count &gt; 1 then															-- return nil and an error message if more than one is set 
		return nil, 'only one of &amp;#124;italic=, &amp;#124;italics=, or &amp;#124;i= can be specified';
	end
	
	return properties[args.italic or args.italics or args.i], nil;				-- return an appropriate value and a nil error message
end


--[=[--------------------------&lt; V A L I D A T E _ C A T _ A R G S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Default behavior of the {{lang}} and {{lang-xx}} templates is to add categorization when the templates are used in mainspace.
This default functionality may be suppressed by setting |nocat=yes or |cat=no.  This function selects one of these two parameters
to control categorization.

Because having two parameters with 'opposite' names and 'opposite' values is confusing, this function accepts only affirmative
values for |nocat= and only negative values for |cat=; in both cases the 'other' sense (and non-sense) is not accepted and the
parameter is treated as if it were not set in the template.

Sets args.nocat to true if categorization is to be turned off; to nil if the default behavior should apply.

Accepted values for |nocat= are the text strings:
	'yes', 'y', 'true', 't', on, '1'		-- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical true for all of these; false or nil else
for |cat=
	'no', 'n', 'false', 'f', 'off', '0'		-- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical false for all of these; true or nil else

]=]

local function validate_cat_args (args)
	if not (args.nocat or args.cat) then										-- both are nil, so categorize
		return;
	end
	local yesno = require &quot;Module:Yesno&quot;;
	
	if false == yesno (args.cat) or true == yesno (args.nocat) then
		args.nocat = true;														-- set to true when args.nocat is affirmative; nil else (as if the parameter were not set in the template)
	else																		-- args.nocat is the parameter actually used.
		args.nocat = nil;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N _ A R R A Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Whether needle is in haystack

]]

local function in_array( needle, haystack )
	if needle == nil then
		return false;
	end
	for n,v in ipairs( haystack ) do
		if v == needle then
			return n;
		end
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ I E T F _ T A G &gt;------------------------------------------------

prettify ietf tags to use recommended subtag formats:
	code: lower case
	script: sentence case
	region: upper case
	variant: lower case

]]

local function format_ietf_tag (code, script, region, variant)
	local out = {};

	table.insert (out, code:lower());
	if is_set (script) then
		script = script:lower():gsub ('^%a', string.upper);
		table.insert (out, script);
	end

	if is_set (region) then
		table.insert (out, region:upper());
	end
	
	if is_set (variant) then
		table.insert (out, variant:lower());
	end
	
	return table.concat (out, '-');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S &gt;--------------------------------------------------

extracts and returns IETF language tag parts:
	primary language subtag (required) - 2 or 3 character IANA language code
	script subtag - four character IANA script code
	region subtag - two-letter or three digit IANA region code
	variant subtag - four digit or 5-8 alnum variant code
	private subtag - x- followed by 1-8 alnum private code; only supported with the primary language tag

in any one of these forms
	lang					lang-variant
	lang-script				lang-script-variant
	lang-region				lang-region-variant
	lang-script-region		lang-script-region-variant
	lang-x-private	
	
each of lang, script, region, variant, and private, when used, must be valid

Languages with both two- and three-character code synonyms are promoted to the two-character synonym because
the IANA registry file omits the synonymous three-character code; we cannot depend on browsers understanding
the synonymous three-character codes in the lang= attribute.

For {{lang-xx}} templates, the parameters |script=, |region=, and |variant= are supported (not supported in {{lang}}
because those parameters are superfluous to the IETF subtags in |code=)

returns six  values; all lower case.  Valid parts are returned as themselves; omitted parts are returned as empty strings, invalid
parts are returned as nil; the sixth returned item is an error message (if an error detected) or nil.

see http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt section 2.1

]]

local function get_ietf_parts (source, args_script, args_region, args_variant)
	local code;
	local script = '';
	local region = '';
	local variant = '';
	local private = '';

	if not is_set (source) then
		return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'missing language tag';
	end

	if source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a%-%a%a%-%d%d%d%d$') then												-- ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
		code, script, region, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a%-%d%d%d%-%d%d%d%d$') then											-- ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits)
		code, script, region, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a%-%a%a%-%w%w%w%w%w+$') then											-- ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
		code, script, region, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a%-%d%d%d%-%w%w%w%w%w+$') then										-- ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
		code, script, region, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$');

	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a%-%d%d%d%d$') then								-- ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
		code, script, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a%-%w%w%w%w%w+$') then							-- ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
		code, script, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$');

	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%-%d%d%d%d$') then									-- ll-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
		code, region, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%d%d%d%-%d%d%d%d$') then								-- ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits)
		code, region, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%-%w%w%w%w%w+$') then								-- ll-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
		code, region, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%d%d%d%-%w%w%w%w%w+$') then								-- ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
		code, region, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$');

	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%d%d%d%d$') then								-- ll-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
		code, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d%d)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%w%w%w%w%w+$') then								-- ll-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
		code, variant = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$');

	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a%-%a%a$') then							-- ll-Ssss-RR
		code, script, region = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a%-%d%d%d$') then						-- ll-Ssss-DDD (region is 3 digits)
		code, script, region = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)$');

	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a$') then							-- ll-Ssss
		code, script = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)$');

	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%a%a$') then								-- ll-RR
		code, region = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)$');
	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-%d%d%d$') then								-- ll-DDD (region is 3 digits)
		code, region = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)$');

	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?$') then										-- ll
		code = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)$');

	elseif source:match ('^%a%a%a?%-x%-%w%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?$') then			-- ll-x-pppppppp)
		code, private = source:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-x%-(%w+)$');

	else
		return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language tag: ', source});		-- don't know what we got but it is malformed
	end

	code = code:lower();														-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
	
	if not (lang_data.override[code] or lang_name_table.lang[code]) then
		return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language code: ', code});		-- invalid language code, don't know about the others (don't care?)
	end
	
	if synonym_table[code] then													-- if 639-2/639-2T code has a 639-1 synonym
		table.insert (maint_cats, table.concat ({'Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1|', code}));
		table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat ({'code: ', code, ' promoted to code: ', synonym_table[code]}));
		code = synonym_table[code];												-- use the synonym
	end

	if is_set (script) then
		if is_set (args_script) then
			return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant script tag';			-- both code with script and |script= not allowed
		end
	else
		script = args_script or '';												-- use args.script if provided
	end 

	if is_set (script) then
		script = script:lower();												-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
		if not lang_name_table.script[script] then
			return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized script: ', script, ' for code: ', code});	-- language code ok, invalid script, don't know about the others (don't care?)
		end
	end
	if lang_name_table.suppressed[script] then									-- ensure that code-script does not use a suppressed script
		if in_array (code, lang_name_table.suppressed[script]) then
			return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'script: ', script, ' not supported for code: ', code});	-- language code ok, script is suppressed for this code
		end
	end

	if is_set (region) then
		if is_set (args_region) then
			return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant region tag';			-- both code with region and |region= not allowed
		end
	else
		region = args_region or '';												-- use args.region if provided
	end 

	if is_set (region) then
		region = region:lower();												-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
		if not lang_name_table.region[region] then
			return code, script, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized region: ', region, ' for code: ', code});
		end
	end
	
	if is_set (variant) then
		if is_set (args_variant) then
			return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant variant tag';			-- both code with variant and |variant= not allowed
		end
	else
		variant = args_variant or '';											-- use args.variant if provided
	end 

	if is_set (variant) then
		variant = variant:lower();												-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
		if not lang_name_table.variant[variant] then							-- make sure variant is valid
			return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant});
		end																		-- does this duplicate/replace tests in lang() and lang_xx()?
		if is_set (script) then													-- if script set it must be part of the 'prefix'
			if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', script}), lang_name_table.variant[variant]['prefixes']) then
				return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code-script pair: ', code, '-', script});
			end
		else
			if not in_array (code, lang_name_table.variant[variant]['prefixes']) then
				return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code: ', code});
			end				
		end
	end
	
	if is_set (private) then
		private = private:lower();												-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
		if not lang_data.override[table.concat ({code, '-x-', private})] then	-- make sure private tag is valid; note that index 
			return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized private tag: ', private});
		end
	end
	return code, script, region, variant, private, nil;							-- return the good bits; make sure that msg is nil
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G &gt;--------------------------------------------------

assembles an error message from template name, message text, help link, and error category.

]]

local function make_error_msg (msg, args, template)
	local out = {};
	local category;
	
	if 'transl' == template then
		category = 'transl';
	else
		category = 'lang and lang-xx'
	end
	
	table.insert (out, table.concat ({'&amp;#x5B;', args.text or 'undefined', '&amp;#x5D; '}));	-- for error messages output args.text if available
	table.insert (out, table.concat ({'&lt;span style=\&quot;font-size:100%; font-style:normal;\&quot; class=\&quot;error\&quot;&gt;error: {{', template, '}}: '}));
	table.insert (out, msg);
	table.insert (out, table.concat ({' ([[:Category:', category, ' template errors|help]])'}));
	table.insert (out, '&lt;/span&gt;');
	
	if (0 == namespace) and not args.nocat then						-- only categorize in article space
		table.insert (out, table.concat ({'[[Category:', category, ' template errors]]'}));
	end

	return table.concat (out);
end
	

--[=[-------------------------&lt; M A K E _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only
link is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an
empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display)
	if is_set (link) then
		if is_set (display) then
			return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'});
		else
			return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'});
		end
	else
		return '';
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ T E X T _ S P A N &gt;--------------------------------------------------

TODO: add support for block: div tags instead of span tags; would need some sort of proper parameter to control the switch

For italic style, can't do ''{{lang|xx|text}}'' without using &lt;span/&gt; tags when text is italic because of -Latn, |italic=yes,
or auto-italics because the wrapping wikimarkup produces this:
	&lt;i&gt;&lt;i lang=&quot;xx&quot;&gt;text&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
which is later reduced to this:
	&lt;i&gt;text&lt;/i&gt;
This reduction happens in some sort of cleanup process outside the scope of this template/module.

Until or unless this is fixed italic text must be:
	&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;xx&quot;&gt;text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;

]]

local function make_text_span (code, text, rtl, style, size, language)
	local span = {};
	local style_added = '';

	if text:match ('^%*') then
		table.insert (span, '&amp;#42;');											-- move proto language text prefix outside of italic markup if any; use numeric entity because plan splat confuses MediaWiki
		text = text:gsub ('^%*', '');											-- remove the splat from the text
	end

	if 'italic' == style then
		table.insert (span, '&lt;i&gt;');												-- open italic style tag
	end
		
	table.insert (span, table.concat ({'&lt;span lang=&quot;'}));						-- open &lt;span&gt; tag
	table.insert (span, table.concat ({code, '\&quot;'}));							-- add language attribute

	if rtl then
		table.insert (span, ' dir=&quot;rtl&quot;');										-- add direction attribute for right to left languages
	end

	if 'normal' == style then													-- when |italic=no
		table.insert (span, ' style=\&quot;font-style:normal;');						-- override external markup, if any
		style_added = '\&quot;';														-- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed
	end

	if is_set (size) then														-- when |size=&lt;something&gt;
		if is_set (style_added) then
			table.insert (span, table.concat ({' font-size:', size, ';'}));		-- add when style attribute already inserted
		else
			table.insert (span, table.concat ({' style=\&quot;font-size:', size, ';'}));	-- create style attribute
			style_added = '\&quot;';													-- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed
		end
	end

	if is_set (language) then
		table.insert (span, table.concat ({style_added, ' title=\&quot;', language}));	--start the title text
		if language:find ('languages') then
			table.insert (span, ' collective text\&quot;');							-- for collective languages
		else
			table.insert (span, ' language text\&quot;');							-- for individual languages
		end
		table.insert (span, '&gt;');												-- close the opening span tag
	else
		table.insert (span, table.concat ({style_added, '&gt;'}));					-- close the style attribute and close opening span tag
	end
	table.insert (span, text);													-- insert the text

	table.insert (span, '&lt;/span&gt;');												-- close the &lt;span&gt; tag
	if 'italic' == style then
		table.insert (span, '&lt;/i&gt;');											-- close italic style tag
	end
		
	if rtl then																	-- legacy; shouldn't be necessary because all of the rtl text is wrapped in &lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;text&lt;/span&gt;
		table.insert (span, '&amp;lrm;');											-- make sure the browser knows that we're at the end of the rtl
	end
	
	return table.concat (span);													-- put it all together and done
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y &gt;----------------------------------------------------

For individual language, &lt;language&gt;, returns:
	[[Category:Articles containing &lt;language&gt;-language text]]

for English:
	[[Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text]]
	
for artificial languages (code: art)
	[[Category:Articles containing constructed-language text]]

for ISO 639-2 collective languages (and for 639-1 bh):
	[[Category:Articles with text from the &lt;language&gt; languages collective]]

]=]

local function make_category (code, language_name, nocat)
	local cat = {};
	
	if (0 ~= namespace) or nocat then											-- only categorize in article space
		return '';																-- return empty string for concatenation
	end
	
	if language_name:find ('languages') then
		return table.concat ({'[[Category:Articles with text from the ', language_name, ' collective]]'});
	end
		
	table.insert (cat, '[[Category:Articles containing ');
	
	if 'en' == code then
		table.insert (cat, 'explicitly cited English');
	elseif 'art' == code then
		table.insert (cat, 'constructed')
	else
		table.insert (cat, language_name);
	end
	
	table.insert (cat, '-language text]]');

	return table.concat (cat);	
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ T R A N S L I T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

return translit &lt;i lang=xx-Latn&gt;...&lt;/i&gt; where xx is the language code; else return empty string

The value |script= is not used in {{transl}} for this purpose; instead it uses |code.  Because language scripts
are listed in the {{transl}} switches they are included in the data tables.  The script parameter is introduced
at {{Language with name and transliteration}}.  If |script= is set, this function uses it in preference to code.

To avoid confusion, in this module and the templates that use it, the transliteration script parameter is renamed
to be |translit-script= (in this function, tscript)

This function is used by both lang_xx() and transl()
	lang_xx() always provides code, language_name, and translit; may provide tscript; never provides style
	transl() always provides language_name, translit, and one of code or tscript, never both; always provides style

For {{transl}}, style only applies when a language code is provided
]]

local function make_translit (code, language_name, translit, std, tscript, style)
	local title;
	local tout = {};
	local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table;							-- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards
	
	if is_set (code) then														-- when a language code is provided (always with {{lang-xx}} templates, not always with {{transl}})
		if not style then														-- nil for is the default italic style
			table.insert (tout, &quot;&lt;i lang=\&quot;&quot;);									-- so use &lt;i&gt; tag
		else
			table.insert (tout, table.concat ({'&lt;span style=\&quot;font-style:', style, '\&quot; lang=\&quot;'}));	-- non-standard style, construct a span tag for it
		end
		table.insert (tout, code);
		table.insert (tout, &quot;-Latn\&quot; title=\&quot;&quot;);								-- transliterations are always Latin script
	else
		table.insert (tout, &quot;&lt;span title=\&quot;&quot;);									-- when no language code: no lang= attribute, not italic ({{transl}} only)
	end
	
	std = std and std:lower();													-- lower case for table indexing
	
	if not is_set (std) and not is_set (tscript) then							-- when neither standard nor script specified
		table.insert (tout, language_name);										-- write a generic tool tip
		if not language_name:find ('languages') then							-- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name)
			table.insert (tout, '-language')									-- skip this text (individual and macro languages only)
		end
		table.insert (tout, ' transliteration');								-- finish the tool tip
	elseif is_set (std) and is_set (tscript) then								-- when both are specified
		if title_table[std] then												-- and if standard is legitimate
			if title_table[std][tscript] then									-- and if script for that standard is legitimate
				table.insert (tout, table.concat ({title_table[std][tscript:lower()], ' (', lang_name_table.script[tscript][1], ' script) transliteration'}));	-- add the appropriate text to the tool tip
			else
				table.insert (tout, title_table[std]['default']);				-- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard?
			end
		else
			return '';															-- invalid standard, setup for error message
		end

	elseif is_set (std) then													-- translit-script not set, use language code
		if not title_table[std] then return ''; end								-- invalid standard, setup for error message
		
		if title_table[std][code] then											-- if language code is in the table (transl may not provide a language code)
			table.insert (tout, table.concat ({title_table[std][code:lower()], ' (', lang_name_table.lang[code][1], ' language) transliteration'}));	-- add the appropriate text to the tool tip
		else																	-- code doesn't match
			table.insert (tout, title_table[std]['default']);					-- so use the standard's default
		end
	else																		-- here if translit-script set but translit-std not set
		if title_table['no_std'][tscript] then
			table.insert (tout, title_table['no_std'][tscript]);				-- use translit-script if set
		elseif title_table['no_std'][code] then
			table.insert (tout, title_table['no_std'][code]);					-- use language code
		else
			if is_set (tscript) then
				table.insert (tout, table.concat ({language_name, '-script transliteration'}));	-- write a script tool tip
			elseif is_set (code) then
				if not language_name:find ('languages') then					-- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name)
					table.insert (tout, '-language')							-- skip this text (individual and macro languages only)
				end
				table.insert (tout, ' transliteration');						-- finish the tool tip
			else
				table.insert (tout, ' transliteration');						-- generic tool tip (can we ever get here?)
			end
		end
	end

	table.insert (tout, '&quot;&gt;');
	table.insert (tout, translit);
	if is_set (code) and not style then														-- when a language code is provided (always with {{lang-xx}} templates, not always with {{transl}})
		table.insert (tout, &quot;&lt;/i&gt;&quot;);											-- close the italic tag
	else
		table.insert (tout, &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;);											-- no language code so close the span tag
	end
	return table.concat (tout);
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; V A L I D A T E _ T E X T &gt;---------------------------------------------------

This function checks the content of args.text and returns empty string if nothing is amiss else it returns an
error message.  The tests are for empty or missing text and for improper or disallowed use of apostrophe markup.

Italic rendering is controlled by the |italic= template parameter so italic markup should never appear in args.text
either as ''itself''' or as '''''bold italic''''' unless |italic=unset or |italic=invert.

]=]

local function validate_text (template, args)
	if not is_set (args.text) then
		return make_error_msg ('no text', args, template);
	end

	if args.text:find (&quot;%f[\']\'\'\'\'%f[^\']&quot;) or args.text:find (&quot;\'\'\'\'\'[\']+&quot;) then	-- because we're looking, look for 4 appostrophes or 6+ appostrophes
		return make_error_msg ('text has malformed markup', args, template);
	end

	local style = args.italic;

	if ('unset' ~= style) and ('invert' ~=style) then
		if args.text:find (&quot;%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']&quot;) or args.text:find (&quot;%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']&quot;) then	-- italic but not bold, or bold italic
			return make_error_msg ('text has italic markup', args, template);
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E N D E R _ M A I N T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

render mainenance messages and categories

]]

local function render_maint(nocat)
	local maint = {};
	
	if 0 &lt; #maint_msgs then														-- when there are maintenance messages
		table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'&lt;span class=&quot;lang-comment&quot; style=&quot;font-style:normal; display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em&quot;&gt;'}));	-- opening &lt;span&gt; tag
		for _, msg in ipairs (maint_msgs) do
			table.insert (maint, table.concat ({msg, ' '}));					-- add message strings
		end
		table.insert (maint, '&lt;/span&gt;');										-- close the span
	end
	
	if (0 &lt; #maint_cats) and (0 == namespace) and not nocat then				-- when there are maintenance categories; article namespace only
		for _, cat in ipairs (maint_cats) do
			table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'[[Category:', cat, ']]'}));	-- format and add the categories
		end
	end
	
	return table.concat (maint);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R O T O _ P R E F I X &gt;------------------------------------------------------

for proto languages, text is prefixed with a splat.  We do that here as a flag for make_text_span() so that a splat
will be rendered outside of italic markup (if used).  If the first character in text here is already a splat, we
do nothing

]]

local function proto_prefix (text, language_name)
	if language_name:find ('^Proto%-') and not text:find ('^*') then			-- language is a proto and text does not already have leading splat
		return table.concat ({'*', text});										-- prefix proto language text with a splat
	end
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L A N G &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

entry point for {{lang}}

there should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}}
	&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:lang|lang}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;

parameters are recieved from the template's frame (parent frame)

]]

function p.lang (frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame);
	local out = {};
	local language_name;														-- used to make category names
	local subtags = {};															-- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private
	local code;																	-- the language code
	local msg;																	-- for error messages

	if args[1] and args.code then
		return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{1}}} and &amp;#124;code=', args, 'lang');
	else
		args.code = args[1] or args.code;										-- prefer args.code
	end

	if args[2] and args.text then
		return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{2}}} and &amp;#124;text=', args, 'lang');
	else
		args.text = args[2] or args.text;										-- prefer args.text
	end
	
	msg = validate_text ('lang', args);											-- ensure that |text= is set  (italic test disabled for the time being)
	if is_set (msg) then														-- msg is an already-formatted error message
		return msg;
	end

	validate_cat_args (args);													-- determine if categorization should be suppressed

	args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes';												-- convert to boolean: 'yes' -&gt; true, other values -&gt; false

	code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code);	-- |script=, |region=, |variant= not supported because they should be part of args.code ({{{1}}} in {{lang}})

	if msg then
		return make_error_msg ( msg, args, 'lang');
	end

	args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args);
	if msg then
		return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'lang');
	end

	if nil == args.italic then													-- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.italic controls
		if ('latn' == subtags.script) or (p.is_latn (args.text) and 'en' ~= code) then	-- script set to latn or text is wholly latn script but not rendering English
			args.italic = 'italic';												-- DEFAULT for {{lang}} templates is upright; but if latn script set for font-style:italic
		else
			args.italic = 'inherit';											-- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style
		end
	end
	
	if is_set (subtags.script) then												-- if script set, override rtl setting
		if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then
			args.rtl = true;													-- script is an rtl script
		else
			args.rtl = false;													-- script is not an rtl script
		end
	end

	args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant);	-- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private

	if is_set (subtags.private) and lang_data.override[table.concat ({code, '-x-', subtags.private})] then	-- look for private use tags; done this way because ...
		language_name = lang_data.override[table.concat ({code, '-x-', subtags.private})][1];				-- ... args.code does not get private subtag
	elseif lang_data.override[code] then										-- get the language name for categorization
		language_name = lang_data.override[code][1]								-- prefer language names taken from the override table
	elseif lang_name_table.lang[code] then
		language_name = lang_name_table.lang[code][1];							-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one
	end

	if 'invert' == args.italic then
		args.text = invert_italics (args.text)
	end
	
	args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name);						-- prefix proto-language text with a splat

	table.insert (out, make_text_span (args.code, args.text, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, language_name));
	table.insert (out, make_category (code, language_name, args.nocat));
	table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat));											-- maintenance messages and categories

	return table.concat (out);													-- put it all together and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L A N G _ X X &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------

For the {{lang-xx}} templates, the only parameter required to be set in the template is the language code.  All
other parameters can, usually should, be written in the template call.  For {{lang-xx}} templates for languages
that can have multiple writing systems, it may be appropriate to set |script= as well.

For each {{lang-xx}} template choose the appropriate entry-point function so that this function know the default
styling that should be applied to text.

For normal, upright style:
	&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=xx}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
For italic style:
	&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic|code=xx}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;

All other parameters should be received from the template's frame (parent frame)

Supported parameters are:
	|code = (required) the IANA language code
	|script = IANA script code; especially for use with languages that use multiple writing systems; yields to the script subtag in |code= if present [not yet implemented]
	|region = IANA region code
	|variant = IANA variant code
	|text = (required) the displayed text in language specified by code
	|link = boolean false ('no') unlinks language specified by code to associated language article
	|rtl = boolean true ('yes') identifies the language specified by code as a right-to-left language
	|nocat = boolean true ('yes') inhibits normal categorization; error categories are not affected
	|italic = boolean true ('yes') renders displayed text in italic font; boolean false ('no') renders displayed text in normal font; not set renders according to initial_style_state
	|lit = text that is a literal translation of text
	|label =	'none' to suppress all labeling (language name, 'translit.', 'lit.')
				any other text replaces language-name label - automatic wikilinking disabled
	
	for those {{lang-xx}} templates that support transliteration (those template where |text= is entirely latn script):
	|translit = text that is a transliteration of text
	|translit-std = the standard that applies to the transliteration
	|translit-script = ISO 15924 script name; falls back to code

For {{lang-xx}}, the positional parameters are:
	{{{1}}}	text
	{{{2}}}	transliterated text
	{{{3}}}	literal translation text
no other positional parameters are allowed

]]

local function _lang_xx (frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame, {parentFirst= true});							-- parameters in the template override parameters set in the {{#invoke:}}
	local out = {};
	local language_name;														-- used to make display text, article links
	local category_name;														-- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set
	local subtags = {};															-- IETF subtags script, region, and variant
	local code;																	-- the language code

	local translit_script_name;													-- name associated with IANA (ISO 15924) script code
	local translit;
	local translit_title;
	local msg;																	-- for error messages

	if args[1] and args.text then
		return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{1}}} and &amp;#124;text=', args, 'lang-xx');
	else
		args.text = args[1] or args.text;										-- prefer args.text
	end
	
	msg = validate_text ('lang-xx', args);										-- ensure that |text= is set, does not contain italic markup and is protected from improper bolding
	if is_set (msg) then
		return msg;
	end

	if args[2] and args.translit then
		return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{2}}} and &amp;#124;translit=', args, 'lang-xx');
	else
		args.translit = args[2] or args.translit								-- prefer args.translit
	end
	
	if args[3] and (args.translation or args.lit) then
		return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{3}}} and &amp;#124;lit= or &amp;#124;translation=', args, 'lang-xx');
	elseif args.translation and args.lit then
		return make_error_msg ('conflicting: &amp;#124;lit= and &amp;#124;translation=', args, 'lang-xx');
	else
		args.translation = args[3] or args.translation or args.lit;				-- prefer args.translation
	end

	if args.links and args.link then
		return make_error_msg ('conflicting: &amp;#124;links= and &amp;#124;link=', args, 'lang-xx');
	else
		args.link = args.link or args.links;									-- prefer args.link
	end

	validate_cat_args (args);													-- determine if categorization should be suppressed

	args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes';												-- convert to boolean: 'yes' -&gt; true, other values -&gt; false

	code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code, args.script, args.region, args.variant);	-- private omitted because private

	if msg then																	-- if an error detected then there is an error message
		return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'lang-xx');
	end
	
	args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args);
	if msg then
		return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'lang-xx');
	end

	if nil == args.italic then													-- args.italic controls
		if is_set (subtags.script) then
			if 'latn' == subtags.script then
				args.italic = 'italic';											-- |script=Latn; set for font-style:italic
			else
				args.italic = initial_style_state;								-- italic not set; script is not latn; set for font-style:&lt;initial_style_state&gt;
			end
		else
			args.italic = initial_style_state;									-- here when |italic= and |script= not set; set for font-style:&lt;initial_style_state&gt;
		end
	end
	
	if is_set (subtags.script) then												-- if script set override rtl setting
		if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then
			args.rtl = true;													-- script is an rtl script
		else
			args.rtl = false;													-- script is not an rtl script
		end
	end

	args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant);	-- format to recommended subtag styles
	
	if is_set (subtags.private) and lang_data.override[table.concat ({code, '-x-', subtags.private})] then	-- look for private use tags; done this way because ...
		language_name = lang_data.override[table.concat ({code, '-x-', subtags.private})][1];				-- ... args.code does not get private subtag
	elseif lang_data.override[args.code:lower()] then							-- look for whole IETF tag in override table
		language_name = lang_data.override[args.code:lower()][1];				-- args.code:lower() because format_ietf_tag() returns mixed case
	elseif lang_data.override[code] then										-- not there so try basic language code
		language_name = lang_data.override[code][1];
	elseif not is_set (subtags.variant) then									
		if lang_name_table.lang[code] then
			language_name = lang_name_table.lang[code][1];						-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one
		end
	else																		-- TODO: is this the right thing to do: take language display name from variants table?
		if lang_name_table.variant[subtags.variant] then						-- TODO: there is some discussion at Template talk:Lang about having a label parameter for use when variant name is not desired among other things
			language_name = lang_name_table.variant[subtags.variant]['descriptions'][1];	-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one
		end
	end

	category_name = language_name;												-- category names retain IANA parenthetical diambiguators (if any)
	language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', '');							-- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them

	if args.label then
		if 'none' ~= args.label then
			table.insert (out, table.concat ({args.label, ': '}));				-- custom label
		end
	else
		if 'no' == args.link then
			table.insert (out, language_name);									-- language name without wikilink
		else
			if language_name:find ('languages') then
				table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name));				-- collective language name uses simple wikilink
			else
				table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name .. ' language', language_name));	-- language name with wikilink
			end
		end
		table.insert (out, ': ');												-- separator
	end

	if 'invert' == args.italic then
		args.text = invert_italics (args.text)
	end
	
	args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name);						-- prefix proto-language text with a splat

	table.insert (out, make_text_span (args.code, args.text, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size))

	if is_set (args.translit) and not p.is_latn (args.text) then					-- transliteration (not supported in {{lang}}); not supported when args.text is wholly latn text (this is an imperfect test)
		table.insert (out, ', ');												-- comma to separate text from translit
		if 'none' ~= args.label then
			table.insert (out, '&lt;small&gt;');
			if lang_name_table.script[args['translit-script']] then				-- when |translit-script= is set, try to use the script's name
				translit_script_name = lang_name_table.script[args['translit-script'][1]];
			else
				translit_script_name = language_name;							-- fall back on language name
			end
			translit_title = mw.title.makeTitle (0, table.concat ({'Romanization of ', translit_script_name}));		-- make a title object
			if translit_title.exists and ('no' ~= args.link) then
				table.insert (out, make_wikilink ('Romanization of ' .. translit_script_name or language_name, 'translit.'));	-- make a wikilink if there is an article to link to
			else
				table.insert (out, '&lt;abbr title=&quot;transliteration&quot;&gt;translit.&lt;/abbr&gt;');	-- else define the abbreviation
			end
			table.insert (out, '&amp;nbsp;&lt;/small&gt;');								-- close the small tag
		end
		
		translit = make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.translit, args['translit-std'], args['translit-script'])
		if is_set (translit) then
			table.insert (out, translit);
		else
			return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'invalid translit-std: \'', args['translit-std'] or '[missing]'}), args, 'lang-xx');
		end
	end
	
	if is_set (args.translation) then											-- translation (not supported in {{lang}})
		table.insert (out, ', ');
		if 'none' ~= args.label then
			table.insert (out, '&lt;small&gt;');
			if 'no' == args.link then
				table.insert (out, '&lt;abbr title=&quot;literal translation&quot;&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt;');
			else
				table.insert (out, make_wikilink ('Literal translation', 'lit.'));
			end
			table.insert (out, &quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/small&gt;&quot;);
		end
		table.insert (out, table.concat ({'&amp;#39;', args.translation, '&amp;#39;'}));	-- use html entities to avoid wiki markup confusion
	end
	
	table.insert (out, make_category (code, category_name, args.nocat));
	table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat));								-- maintenance messages and categories

	return table.concat (out);													-- put it all together and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Entry point for those {{lang-xx}} templates that call lang_xx_italic().  Sets the initial style state to italic.

]]

function p.lang_xx_italic (frame)
	initial_style_state = 'italic';
	return _lang_xx (frame);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T &gt;------------------------------------------------

Entry point for those {{lang-xx}} templates that call lang_xx_inherit().  Sets the initial style state to inherit.

]]

function p.lang_xx_inherit (frame)
	initial_style_state = 'inherit';
	return _lang_xx (frame);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ F R O M _ C O D E &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Returns language name associated with IETF language tag if valid; empty string else.

All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function.

Set invoke's |link= parameter to yes to get wikilinked version of the language name.

]]

function p.name_from_code (frame)
	local subtags = {};															-- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private
	local raw_code = frame.args[1];												-- save a copy of the input IETF subtag
	local link = 'yes' == frame.args['link'];					-- save a copy of the link-enable positional parameter (value can be anything)
	local code;																	-- the language code
	local msg;																	-- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid
	local language_name = '';
	
	code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code);
	if msg then
		local template = (frame.args['template'] and table.concat ({'{{', frame.args['template'], '}}: '})) or '';	-- make template name (if provided by the template)
		return table.concat ({'&lt;span style=\&quot;font-size:100%; font-style:normal;\&quot; class=\&quot;error\&quot;&gt;error: ', template, msg, '&lt;/span&gt;'});
	end

	if lang_data.override[raw_code:lower()] then								-- look for whole IETF tag in override table (force lower case)
		language_name = lang_data.override[raw_code:lower()][1];
	elseif lang_data.override[code] then										-- not there so try basic language code in override table
		language_name = lang_data.override[code][1];
	elseif not is_set (subtags.variant) then									
		if lang_name_table.lang[code] then
			language_name = lang_name_table.lang[code][1];						-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one
		end
	else																		-- TODO: is this the right thing to do: take language display name from variants table?
		if lang_name_table.variant[subtags.variant] then						-- TODO: there is some discussion at Template talk:Lang about having a label parameter for use when variant name is not desired among other things
			language_name = lang_name_table.variant[subtags.variant]['descriptions'][1];	-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one
		end
	end

	language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', '');							-- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them

	if link then																-- when |link=yes, wikilink the language name
		if language_name:find ('languages') then
			return make_wikilink (language_name);								-- collective language name uses simple wikilink
		else
			return make_wikilink (language_name .. ' language', language_name);	-- language name with wikilink
		end
	end

	return language_name;

end


--[[--------------------------&lt; T R A N S L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

Entry point for {{transl}}

]]

function p.transl (frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame);												-- no {{#invoke:}} parameters
	local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table;							-- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards
	local language_name;														-- language name that matches language code; used for tool tip
	local translit;																-- translitterated text to display
	local script;																-- IANA script
	local msg;																	-- for when called functions return an error message

	if is_set (args[3]) then													-- [3] set when {{transl|code|standard|text}}
		args.text = args[3];													-- get the transliterated text
		args.translit_std = args[2] and args[2]:lower();						-- get the standard; lower case for table indexing

		if not title_table[args.translit_std] then
			return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized transliteration standard: ', args.translit_std}), args, 'transl');
		end
	else
		if is_set (args[2]) then												-- [2] set when {{transl|code|text}}
			args.text = args[2];												-- get the transliterated text
		else
			if args[1] and args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then					-- args[2] missing; is args[1] a code or its it the transliterated text?
				return make_error_msg ('no text', args, 'transl');				-- args[1] is a code so we're missing text
			else
				args.text = args[1];											-- args[1] is not a code so we're missing that; assign args.text for error message
				return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'transl');
			end
		end
	end

	if is_set (args[1]) then													-- IANA language code used for html lang= attribute; or ISO 15924 script code
		if args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then									-- args[1] has correct form?
			args.code = args[1]:lower();										-- use the language/script code; only (2, 3, or 4 alpha characters); lower case because table indexes are lower case
		else
			return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args[1]}), args, 'transl');	-- invalid language / script code
		end
	else
		return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'transl');			-- missing language / script code so quit
	end

	args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args);
	if msg then
		return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'transl');
	end
	
	if 'italic' == args.italic then												-- 'italic' when |italic=yes; because that is same as absent or not set and |italic=default
		args.italic = nil;														-- set to nil; 
	end

	if lang_data.override[args.code] then										-- is code a language code defined in the override table?
		language_name = lang_data.override[args.code][1];
	elseif lang_name_table.lang[args.code] then									-- is code a language code defined in the standard language code tables?
		language_name = lang_name_table.lang[args.code][1];
	elseif lang_name_table.script[args.code] then								-- if here, code is not a language code; is it a script code?
		language_name = lang_name_table.script[args.code][1];
		script = args.code;														-- code was an ISO 15924 script so use that instead
		args.code = '';															-- unset because not a language code
	else
		return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args.code}), args, 'transl');	-- invalid language / script code
	end
																				-- here only when all parameters passed to make_translit() are valid
	return make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.text, args.translit_std, script, args.italic);
end


return p;</text>
      <sha1>69segatnl71hoikmfawnjku8ysmb404</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Language/name/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5577</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32098</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:43:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32098</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2561" sha1="053aid48tsmggzkzq8137e5wj9sbvtm" xml:space="preserve">-- put tables and their tables together
local function __coalesce(...)
    local coalesced = {}
    for _, langslist in ipairs{...} do
        for langcode, langnames in pairs(langslist) do
            for _, langname in pairs(langnames) do
                if not coalesced[langcode] then
                    coalesced[langcode] = {}
                end
                table.insert(coalesced[langcode], langname)
            end
        end
    end
 
    return coalesced
end

-- make the keys lowercase
local function __preprocess(t, first_of_array_in_array)
    local preprocessed = {}
    if first_of_array_in_array then
    	-- keep only the 1st language name for each code, excluding synonyms
        for k, v in pairs(t) do
            preprocessed[k:lower()] = {v[1]}
        end
    else
        for k, v in pairs(t) do
            preprocessed[k:lower()] = v
        end
    end

    return preprocessed
end

-- all valid primary language subtags for BCP47 from IANA (most of them from ISO 639-1, -2 and -3 with some exclusions)
local __iana_languages = __preprocess(require(&quot;Module:Language/data/iana languages&quot;));
-- ISO 639-3 contains additional 3-letter codes not inserted in the IANA database as they are aliased to 2-letter codes,
-- but excludes some deleted codes still valid in BCP47 (some of them are aliased)
local __iso_639_3      = __preprocess(require(&quot;Module:Language/data/ISO 639-3&quot;));
-- Wikimedia wikis uses some non-standard codes and a subset of IANA codes, plus composite codes
local __wp_languages   = __preprocess(require(&quot;Module:Language/data/wp languages&quot;), true);
-- all valid script subtags for BCP47 from IANA (excluding special ISO 15924 codes)
local iana_scripts     = __preprocess(require(&quot;Module:Language/data/iana scripts&quot;));
-- all valid region subtags for BCP47 from IANA (derived from ISO 3166-1 excluding special codes, and from 3-digit UN M.49 codes for groups of countries)
local iana_regions     = __preprocess(require(&quot;Module:Language/data/iana regions&quot;));

-- variant subtags from IANA; table format differs from the other IANA data tables
local iana_variants = __preprocess(require(&quot;Module:Language/data/iana variants&quot;));
-- suppressed script subtags from IANA;
local iana_suppressed_scripts = __preprocess (require(&quot;Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts&quot;));

return {
    lang   = __coalesce(__wp_languages, __iana_languages, __iso_639_3),
    lang_iana = __iana_languages,
    script = iana_scripts,
    region = iana_regions,
    variant = iana_variants,
    suppressed = iana_suppressed_scripts,
}</text>
      <sha1>053aid48tsmggzkzq8137e5wj9sbvtm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Language/data/iana languages</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5578</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32099</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:45:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32099</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="213500" sha1="j27luwl1hov94i7a377qetcvvtc7sug" xml:space="preserve">-- File-Date: 2018-04-23
return {
	[&quot;aa&quot;] = {&quot;Afar&quot;},
	[&quot;ab&quot;] = {&quot;Abkhazian&quot;},
	[&quot;ae&quot;] = {&quot;Avestan&quot;},
	[&quot;af&quot;] = {&quot;Afrikaans&quot;},
	[&quot;ak&quot;] = {&quot;Akan&quot;},
	[&quot;am&quot;] = {&quot;Amharic&quot;},
	[&quot;an&quot;] = {&quot;Aragonese&quot;},
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = {&quot;Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;as&quot;] = {&quot;Assamese&quot;},
	[&quot;av&quot;] = {&quot;Avaric&quot;},
	[&quot;ay&quot;] = {&quot;Aymara&quot;},
	[&quot;az&quot;] = {&quot;Azerbaijani&quot;},
	[&quot;ba&quot;] = {&quot;Bashkir&quot;},
	[&quot;be&quot;] = {&quot;Belarusian&quot;},
	[&quot;bg&quot;] = {&quot;Bulgarian&quot;},
	[&quot;bh&quot;] = {&quot;Bihari languages&quot;},
	[&quot;bi&quot;] = {&quot;Bislama&quot;},
	[&quot;bm&quot;] = {&quot;Bambara&quot;},
	[&quot;bn&quot;] = {&quot;Bengali&quot;, &quot;Bangla&quot;},
	[&quot;bo&quot;] = {&quot;Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;br&quot;] = {&quot;Breton&quot;},
	[&quot;bs&quot;] = {&quot;Bosnian&quot;},
	[&quot;ca&quot;] = {&quot;Catalan&quot;, &quot;Valencian&quot;},
	[&quot;ce&quot;] = {&quot;Chechen&quot;},
	[&quot;ch&quot;] = {&quot;Chamorro&quot;},
	[&quot;co&quot;] = {&quot;Corsican&quot;},
	[&quot;cr&quot;] = {&quot;Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;cs&quot;] = {&quot;Czech&quot;},
	[&quot;cu&quot;] = {&quot;Church Slavic&quot;, &quot;Church Slavonic&quot;, &quot;Old Bulgarian&quot;, &quot;Old Church Slavonic&quot;, &quot;Old Slavonic&quot;},
	[&quot;cv&quot;] = {&quot;Chuvash&quot;},
	[&quot;cy&quot;] = {&quot;Welsh&quot;},
	[&quot;da&quot;] = {&quot;Danish&quot;},
	[&quot;de&quot;] = {&quot;German&quot;},
	[&quot;dv&quot;] = {&quot;Dhivehi&quot;, &quot;Divehi&quot;, &quot;Maldivian&quot;},
	[&quot;dz&quot;] = {&quot;Dzongkha&quot;},
	[&quot;ee&quot;] = {&quot;Ewe&quot;},
	[&quot;el&quot;] = {&quot;Modern Greek (1453-)&quot;},
	[&quot;en&quot;] = {&quot;English&quot;},
	[&quot;eo&quot;] = {&quot;Esperanto&quot;},
	[&quot;es&quot;] = {&quot;Spanish&quot;, &quot;Castilian&quot;},
	[&quot;et&quot;] = {&quot;Estonian&quot;},
	[&quot;eu&quot;] = {&quot;Basque&quot;},
	[&quot;fa&quot;] = {&quot;Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;ff&quot;] = {&quot;Fulah&quot;},
	[&quot;fi&quot;] = {&quot;Finnish&quot;},
	[&quot;fj&quot;] = {&quot;Fijian&quot;},
	[&quot;fo&quot;] = {&quot;Faroese&quot;},
	[&quot;fr&quot;] = {&quot;French&quot;},
	[&quot;fy&quot;] = {&quot;Western Frisian&quot;},
	[&quot;ga&quot;] = {&quot;Irish&quot;},
	[&quot;gd&quot;] = {&quot;Scottish Gaelic&quot;, &quot;Gaelic&quot;},
	[&quot;gl&quot;] = {&quot;Galician&quot;},
	[&quot;gn&quot;] = {&quot;Guarani&quot;},
	[&quot;gu&quot;] = {&quot;Gujarati&quot;},
	[&quot;gv&quot;] = {&quot;Manx&quot;},
	[&quot;ha&quot;] = {&quot;Hausa&quot;},
	[&quot;he&quot;] = {&quot;Hebrew&quot;},
	[&quot;hi&quot;] = {&quot;Hindi&quot;},
	[&quot;ho&quot;] = {&quot;Hiri Motu&quot;},
	[&quot;hr&quot;] = {&quot;Croatian&quot;},
	[&quot;ht&quot;] = {&quot;Haitian&quot;, &quot;Haitian Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;hu&quot;] = {&quot;Hungarian&quot;},
	[&quot;hy&quot;] = {&quot;Armenian&quot;},
	[&quot;hz&quot;] = {&quot;Herero&quot;},
	[&quot;ia&quot;] = {&quot;Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)&quot;},
	[&quot;id&quot;] = {&quot;Indonesian&quot;},
	[&quot;ie&quot;] = {&quot;Interlingue&quot;, &quot;Occidental&quot;},
	[&quot;ig&quot;] = {&quot;Igbo&quot;},
	[&quot;ii&quot;] = {&quot;Sichuan Yi&quot;, &quot;Nuosu&quot;},
	[&quot;ik&quot;] = {&quot;Inupiaq&quot;},
	[&quot;io&quot;] = {&quot;Ido&quot;},
	[&quot;is&quot;] = {&quot;Icelandic&quot;},
	[&quot;it&quot;] = {&quot;Italian&quot;},
	[&quot;iu&quot;] = {&quot;Inuktitut&quot;},
	[&quot;ja&quot;] = {&quot;Japanese&quot;},
	[&quot;jv&quot;] = {&quot;Javanese&quot;},
	[&quot;ka&quot;] = {&quot;Georgian&quot;},
	[&quot;kg&quot;] = {&quot;Kongo&quot;},
	[&quot;ki&quot;] = {&quot;Kikuyu&quot;, &quot;Gikuyu&quot;},
	[&quot;kj&quot;] = {&quot;Kuanyama&quot;, &quot;Kwanyama&quot;},
	[&quot;kk&quot;] = {&quot;Kazakh&quot;},
	[&quot;kl&quot;] = {&quot;Kalaallisut&quot;, &quot;Greenlandic&quot;},
	[&quot;km&quot;] = {&quot;Khmer&quot;, &quot;Central Khmer&quot;},
	[&quot;kn&quot;] = {&quot;Kannada&quot;},
	[&quot;ko&quot;] = {&quot;Korean&quot;},
	[&quot;kr&quot;] = {&quot;Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;ks&quot;] = {&quot;Kashmiri&quot;},
	[&quot;ku&quot;] = {&quot;Kurdish&quot;},
	[&quot;kv&quot;] = {&quot;Komi&quot;},
	[&quot;kw&quot;] = {&quot;Cornish&quot;},
	[&quot;ky&quot;] = {&quot;Kirghiz&quot;, &quot;Kyrgyz&quot;},
	[&quot;la&quot;] = {&quot;Latin&quot;},
	[&quot;lb&quot;] = {&quot;Luxembourgish&quot;, &quot;Letzeburgesch&quot;},
	[&quot;lg&quot;] = {&quot;Ganda&quot;},
	[&quot;li&quot;] = {&quot;Limburgan&quot;, &quot;Limburger&quot;, &quot;Limburgish&quot;},
	[&quot;ln&quot;] = {&quot;Lingala&quot;},
	[&quot;lo&quot;] = {&quot;Lao&quot;},
	[&quot;lt&quot;] = {&quot;Lithuanian&quot;},
	[&quot;lu&quot;] = {&quot;Luba-Katanga&quot;},
	[&quot;lv&quot;] = {&quot;Latvian&quot;},
	[&quot;mg&quot;] = {&quot;Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;mh&quot;] = {&quot;Marshallese&quot;},
	[&quot;mi&quot;] = {&quot;Maori&quot;},
	[&quot;mk&quot;] = {&quot;Macedonian&quot;},
	[&quot;ml&quot;] = {&quot;Malayalam&quot;},
	[&quot;mn&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;mr&quot;] = {&quot;Marathi&quot;},
	[&quot;ms&quot;] = {&quot;Malay (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;mt&quot;] = {&quot;Maltese&quot;},
	[&quot;my&quot;] = {&quot;Burmese&quot;},
	[&quot;na&quot;] = {&quot;Nauru&quot;},
	[&quot;nb&quot;] = {&quot;Norwegian Bokmål&quot;},
	[&quot;nd&quot;] = {&quot;North Ndebele&quot;},
	[&quot;ne&quot;] = {&quot;Nepali (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;ng&quot;] = {&quot;Ndonga&quot;},
	[&quot;nl&quot;] = {&quot;Dutch&quot;, &quot;Flemish&quot;},
	[&quot;nn&quot;] = {&quot;Norwegian Nynorsk&quot;},
	[&quot;no&quot;] = {&quot;Norwegian&quot;},
	[&quot;nr&quot;] = {&quot;South Ndebele&quot;},
	[&quot;nv&quot;] = {&quot;Navajo&quot;, &quot;Navaho&quot;},
	[&quot;ny&quot;] = {&quot;Nyanja&quot;, &quot;Chewa&quot;, &quot;Chichewa&quot;},
	[&quot;oc&quot;] = {&quot;Occitan (post 1500)&quot;},
	[&quot;oj&quot;] = {&quot;Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;om&quot;] = {&quot;Oromo&quot;},
	[&quot;or&quot;] = {&quot;Oriya (macrolanguage)&quot;, &quot;Odia (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;os&quot;] = {&quot;Ossetian&quot;, &quot;Ossetic&quot;},
	[&quot;pa&quot;] = {&quot;Panjabi&quot;, &quot;Punjabi&quot;},
	[&quot;pi&quot;] = {&quot;Pali&quot;},
	[&quot;pl&quot;] = {&quot;Polish&quot;},
	[&quot;ps&quot;] = {&quot;Pushto&quot;, &quot;Pashto&quot;},
	[&quot;pt&quot;] = {&quot;Portuguese&quot;},
	[&quot;qu&quot;] = {&quot;Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;rm&quot;] = {&quot;Romansh&quot;},
	[&quot;rn&quot;] = {&quot;Rundi&quot;},
	[&quot;ro&quot;] = {&quot;Romanian&quot;, &quot;Moldavian&quot;, &quot;Moldovan&quot;},
	[&quot;ru&quot;] = {&quot;Russian&quot;},
	[&quot;rw&quot;] = {&quot;Kinyarwanda&quot;},
	[&quot;sa&quot;] = {&quot;Sanskrit&quot;},
	[&quot;sc&quot;] = {&quot;Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;sd&quot;] = {&quot;Sindhi&quot;},
	[&quot;se&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sg&quot;] = {&quot;Sango&quot;},
	[&quot;sh&quot;] = {&quot;Serbo-Croatian&quot;},
	[&quot;si&quot;] = {&quot;Sinhala&quot;, &quot;Sinhalese&quot;},
	[&quot;sk&quot;] = {&quot;Slovak&quot;},
	[&quot;sl&quot;] = {&quot;Slovenian&quot;},
	[&quot;sm&quot;] = {&quot;Samoan&quot;},
	[&quot;sn&quot;] = {&quot;Shona&quot;},
	[&quot;so&quot;] = {&quot;Somali&quot;},
	[&quot;sq&quot;] = {&quot;Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;sr&quot;] = {&quot;Serbian&quot;},
	[&quot;ss&quot;] = {&quot;Swati&quot;},
	[&quot;st&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sotho&quot;},
	[&quot;su&quot;] = {&quot;Sundanese&quot;},
	[&quot;sv&quot;] = {&quot;Swedish&quot;},
	[&quot;sw&quot;] = {&quot;Swahili (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;ta&quot;] = {&quot;Tamil&quot;},
	[&quot;te&quot;] = {&quot;Telugu&quot;},
	[&quot;tg&quot;] = {&quot;Tajik&quot;},
	[&quot;th&quot;] = {&quot;Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;ti&quot;] = {&quot;Tigrinya&quot;},
	[&quot;tk&quot;] = {&quot;Turkmen&quot;},
	[&quot;tl&quot;] = {&quot;Tagalog&quot;},
	[&quot;tn&quot;] = {&quot;Tswana&quot;},
	[&quot;to&quot;] = {&quot;Tonga (Tonga Islands)&quot;},
	[&quot;tr&quot;] = {&quot;Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;ts&quot;] = {&quot;Tsonga&quot;},
	[&quot;tt&quot;] = {&quot;Tatar&quot;},
	[&quot;tw&quot;] = {&quot;Twi&quot;},
	[&quot;ty&quot;] = {&quot;Tahitian&quot;},
	[&quot;ug&quot;] = {&quot;Uighur&quot;, &quot;Uyghur&quot;},
	[&quot;uk&quot;] = {&quot;Ukrainian&quot;},
	[&quot;ur&quot;] = {&quot;Urdu&quot;},
	[&quot;uz&quot;] = {&quot;Uzbek&quot;},
	[&quot;ve&quot;] = {&quot;Venda&quot;},
	[&quot;vi&quot;] = {&quot;Vietnamese&quot;},
	[&quot;vo&quot;] = {&quot;Volapük&quot;},
	[&quot;wa&quot;] = {&quot;Walloon&quot;},
	[&quot;wo&quot;] = {&quot;Wolof&quot;},
	[&quot;xh&quot;] = {&quot;Xhosa&quot;},
	[&quot;yi&quot;] = {&quot;Yiddish&quot;},
	[&quot;yo&quot;] = {&quot;Yoruba&quot;},
	[&quot;za&quot;] = {&quot;Zhuang&quot;, &quot;Chuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zh&quot;] = {&quot;Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;zu&quot;] = {&quot;Zulu&quot;},
	[&quot;aaa&quot;] = {&quot;Ghotuo&quot;},
	[&quot;aab&quot;] = {&quot;Alumu-Tesu&quot;},
	[&quot;aac&quot;] = {&quot;Ari&quot;},
	[&quot;aad&quot;] = {&quot;Amal&quot;},
	[&quot;aae&quot;] = {&quot;Arbëreshë Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;aaf&quot;] = {&quot;Aranadan&quot;},
	[&quot;aag&quot;] = {&quot;Ambrak&quot;},
	[&quot;aah&quot;] = {&quot;Abu' Arapesh&quot;},
	[&quot;aai&quot;] = {&quot;Arifama-Miniafia&quot;},
	[&quot;aak&quot;] = {&quot;Ankave&quot;},
	[&quot;aal&quot;] = {&quot;Afade&quot;},
	[&quot;aan&quot;] = {&quot;Anambé&quot;},
	[&quot;aao&quot;] = {&quot;Algerian Saharan Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aap&quot;] = {&quot;Pará Arára&quot;},
	[&quot;aaq&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Abnaki&quot;},
	[&quot;aas&quot;] = {&quot;Aasáx&quot;},
	[&quot;aat&quot;] = {&quot;Arvanitika Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;aau&quot;] = {&quot;Abau&quot;},
	[&quot;aav&quot;] = {&quot;Austro-Asiatic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;aaw&quot;] = {&quot;Solong&quot;},
	[&quot;aax&quot;] = {&quot;Mandobo Atas&quot;},
	[&quot;aaz&quot;] = {&quot;Amarasi&quot;},
	[&quot;aba&quot;] = {&quot;Abé&quot;},
	[&quot;abb&quot;] = {&quot;Bankon&quot;},
	[&quot;abc&quot;] = {&quot;Ambala Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;abd&quot;] = {&quot;Manide&quot;},
	[&quot;abe&quot;] = {&quot;Western Abnaki&quot;},
	[&quot;abf&quot;] = {&quot;Abai Sungai&quot;},
	[&quot;abg&quot;] = {&quot;Abaga&quot;},
	[&quot;abh&quot;] = {&quot;Tajiki Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;abi&quot;] = {&quot;Abidji&quot;},
	[&quot;abj&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Bea&quot;},
	[&quot;abl&quot;] = {&quot;Lampung Nyo&quot;},
	[&quot;abm&quot;] = {&quot;Abanyom&quot;},
	[&quot;abn&quot;] = {&quot;Abua&quot;},
	[&quot;abo&quot;] = {&quot;Abon&quot;},
	[&quot;abp&quot;] = {&quot;Abellen Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;abq&quot;] = {&quot;Abaza&quot;},
	[&quot;abr&quot;] = {&quot;Abron&quot;},
	[&quot;abs&quot;] = {&quot;Ambonese Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;abt&quot;] = {&quot;Ambulas&quot;},
	[&quot;abu&quot;] = {&quot;Abure&quot;},
	[&quot;abv&quot;] = {&quot;Baharna Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;abw&quot;] = {&quot;Pal&quot;},
	[&quot;abx&quot;] = {&quot;Inabaknon&quot;},
	[&quot;aby&quot;] = {&quot;Aneme Wake&quot;},
	[&quot;abz&quot;] = {&quot;Abui&quot;},
	[&quot;aca&quot;] = {&quot;Achagua&quot;},
	[&quot;acb&quot;] = {&quot;Áncá&quot;},
	[&quot;acd&quot;] = {&quot;Gikyode&quot;},
	[&quot;ace&quot;] = {&quot;Achinese&quot;},
	[&quot;acf&quot;] = {&quot;Saint Lucian Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;ach&quot;] = {&quot;Acoli&quot;},
	[&quot;aci&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Cari&quot;},
	[&quot;ack&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Kora&quot;},
	[&quot;acl&quot;] = {&quot;Akar-Bale&quot;},
	[&quot;acm&quot;] = {&quot;Mesopotamian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acn&quot;] = {&quot;Achang&quot;},
	[&quot;acp&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Acipa&quot;},
	[&quot;acq&quot;] = {&quot;Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acr&quot;] = {&quot;Achi&quot;},
	[&quot;acs&quot;] = {&quot;Acroá&quot;},
	[&quot;act&quot;] = {&quot;Achterhoeks&quot;},
	[&quot;acu&quot;] = {&quot;Achuar-Shiwiar&quot;},
	[&quot;acv&quot;] = {&quot;Achumawi&quot;},
	[&quot;acw&quot;] = {&quot;Hijazi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acx&quot;] = {&quot;Omani Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acy&quot;] = {&quot;Cypriot Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acz&quot;] = {&quot;Acheron&quot;},
	[&quot;ada&quot;] = {&quot;Adangme&quot;},
	[&quot;adb&quot;] = {&quot;Adabe&quot;},
	[&quot;add&quot;] = {&quot;Lidzonka&quot;, &quot;Dzodinka&quot;},
	[&quot;ade&quot;] = {&quot;Adele&quot;},
	[&quot;adf&quot;] = {&quot;Dhofari Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;adg&quot;] = {&quot;Andegerebinha&quot;},
	[&quot;adh&quot;] = {&quot;Adhola&quot;},
	[&quot;adi&quot;] = {&quot;Adi&quot;},
	[&quot;adj&quot;] = {&quot;Adioukrou&quot;},
	[&quot;adl&quot;] = {&quot;Galo&quot;},
	[&quot;adn&quot;] = {&quot;Adang&quot;},
	[&quot;ado&quot;] = {&quot;Abu&quot;},
	[&quot;adq&quot;] = {&quot;Adangbe&quot;},
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = {&quot;Adonara&quot;},
	[&quot;ads&quot;] = {&quot;Adamorobe Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;adt&quot;] = {&quot;Adnyamathanha&quot;},
	[&quot;adu&quot;] = {&quot;Aduge&quot;},
	[&quot;adw&quot;] = {&quot;Amundava&quot;},
	[&quot;adx&quot;] = {&quot;Amdo Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;ady&quot;] = {&quot;Adyghe&quot;, &quot;Adygei&quot;},
	[&quot;adz&quot;] = {&quot;Adzera&quot;},
	[&quot;aea&quot;] = {&quot;Areba&quot;},
	[&quot;aeb&quot;] = {&quot;Tunisian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aec&quot;] = {&quot;Saidi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aed&quot;] = {&quot;Argentine Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;aee&quot;] = {&quot;Northeast Pashai&quot;, &quot;Northeast Pashayi&quot;},
	[&quot;aek&quot;] = {&quot;Haeke&quot;},
	[&quot;ael&quot;] = {&quot;Ambele&quot;},
	[&quot;aem&quot;] = {&quot;Arem&quot;},
	[&quot;aen&quot;] = {&quot;Armenian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;aeq&quot;] = {&quot;Aer&quot;},
	[&quot;aer&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Arrernte&quot;},
	[&quot;aes&quot;] = {&quot;Alsea&quot;},
	[&quot;aeu&quot;] = {&quot;Akeu&quot;},
	[&quot;aew&quot;] = {&quot;Ambakich&quot;},
	[&quot;aey&quot;] = {&quot;Amele&quot;},
	[&quot;aez&quot;] = {&quot;Aeka&quot;},
	[&quot;afa&quot;] = {&quot;Afro-Asiatic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;afb&quot;] = {&quot;Gulf Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;afd&quot;] = {&quot;Andai&quot;},
	[&quot;afe&quot;] = {&quot;Putukwam&quot;},
	[&quot;afg&quot;] = {&quot;Afghan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;afh&quot;] = {&quot;Afrihili&quot;},
	[&quot;afi&quot;] = {&quot;Akrukay&quot;, &quot;Chini&quot;},
	[&quot;afk&quot;] = {&quot;Nanubae&quot;},
	[&quot;afn&quot;] = {&quot;Defaka&quot;},
	[&quot;afo&quot;] = {&quot;Eloyi&quot;},
	[&quot;afp&quot;] = {&quot;Tapei&quot;},
	[&quot;afs&quot;] = {&quot;Afro-Seminole Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;aft&quot;] = {&quot;Afitti&quot;},
	[&quot;afu&quot;] = {&quot;Awutu&quot;},
	[&quot;afz&quot;] = {&quot;Obokuitai&quot;},
	[&quot;aga&quot;] = {&quot;Aguano&quot;},
	[&quot;agb&quot;] = {&quot;Legbo&quot;},
	[&quot;agc&quot;] = {&quot;Agatu&quot;},
	[&quot;agd&quot;] = {&quot;Agarabi&quot;},
	[&quot;age&quot;] = {&quot;Angal&quot;},
	[&quot;agf&quot;] = {&quot;Arguni&quot;},
	[&quot;agg&quot;] = {&quot;Angor&quot;},
	[&quot;agh&quot;] = {&quot;Ngelima&quot;},
	[&quot;agi&quot;] = {&quot;Agariya&quot;},
	[&quot;agj&quot;] = {&quot;Argobba&quot;},
	[&quot;agk&quot;] = {&quot;Isarog Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;agl&quot;] = {&quot;Fembe&quot;},
	[&quot;agm&quot;] = {&quot;Angaataha&quot;},
	[&quot;agn&quot;] = {&quot;Agutaynen&quot;},
	[&quot;ago&quot;] = {&quot;Tainae&quot;},
	[&quot;agq&quot;] = {&quot;Aghem&quot;},
	[&quot;agr&quot;] = {&quot;Aguaruna&quot;},
	[&quot;ags&quot;] = {&quot;Esimbi&quot;},
	[&quot;agt&quot;] = {&quot;Central Cagayan Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;agu&quot;] = {&quot;Aguacateco&quot;},
	[&quot;agv&quot;] = {&quot;Remontado Dumagat&quot;},
	[&quot;agw&quot;] = {&quot;Kahua&quot;},
	[&quot;agx&quot;] = {&quot;Aghul&quot;},
	[&quot;agy&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Alta&quot;},
	[&quot;agz&quot;] = {&quot;Mt. Iriga Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;aha&quot;] = {&quot;Ahanta&quot;},
	[&quot;ahb&quot;] = {&quot;Axamb&quot;},
	[&quot;ahg&quot;] = {&quot;Qimant&quot;},
	[&quot;ahh&quot;] = {&quot;Aghu&quot;},
	[&quot;ahi&quot;] = {&quot;Tiagbamrin Aizi&quot;},
	[&quot;ahk&quot;] = {&quot;Akha&quot;},
	[&quot;ahl&quot;] = {&quot;Igo&quot;},
	[&quot;ahm&quot;] = {&quot;Mobumrin Aizi&quot;},
	[&quot;ahn&quot;] = {&quot;Àhàn&quot;},
	[&quot;aho&quot;] = {&quot;Ahom&quot;},
	[&quot;ahp&quot;] = {&quot;Aproumu Aizi&quot;},
	[&quot;ahr&quot;] = {&quot;Ahirani&quot;},
	[&quot;ahs&quot;] = {&quot;Ashe&quot;},
	[&quot;aht&quot;] = {&quot;Ahtena&quot;},
	[&quot;aia&quot;] = {&quot;Arosi&quot;},
	[&quot;aib&quot;] = {&quot;Ainu (China)&quot;},
	[&quot;aic&quot;] = {&quot;Ainbai&quot;},
	[&quot;aid&quot;] = {&quot;Alngith&quot;},
	[&quot;aie&quot;] = {&quot;Amara&quot;},
	[&quot;aif&quot;] = {&quot;Agi&quot;},
	[&quot;aig&quot;] = {&quot;Antigua and Barbuda Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;aih&quot;] = {&quot;Ai-Cham&quot;},
	[&quot;aii&quot;] = {&quot;Assyrian Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;aij&quot;] = {&quot;Lishanid Noshan&quot;},
	[&quot;aik&quot;] = {&quot;Ake&quot;},
	[&quot;ail&quot;] = {&quot;Aimele&quot;},
	[&quot;aim&quot;] = {&quot;Aimol&quot;},
	[&quot;ain&quot;] = {&quot;Ainu (Japan)&quot;},
	[&quot;aio&quot;] = {&quot;Aiton&quot;},
	[&quot;aip&quot;] = {&quot;Burumakok&quot;},
	[&quot;aiq&quot;] = {&quot;Aimaq&quot;},
	[&quot;air&quot;] = {&quot;Airoran&quot;},
	[&quot;ais&quot;] = {&quot;Nataoran Amis&quot;},
	[&quot;ait&quot;] = {&quot;Arikem&quot;},
	[&quot;aiw&quot;] = {&quot;Aari&quot;},
	[&quot;aix&quot;] = {&quot;Aighon&quot;},
	[&quot;aiy&quot;] = {&quot;Ali&quot;},
	[&quot;aja&quot;] = {&quot;Aja (South Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;ajg&quot;] = {&quot;Aja (Benin)&quot;},
	[&quot;aji&quot;] = {&quot;Ajië&quot;},
	[&quot;ajn&quot;] = {&quot;Andajin&quot;},
	[&quot;ajp&quot;] = {&quot;South Levantine Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ajt&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Tunisian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aju&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Moroccan Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ajw&quot;] = {&quot;Ajawa&quot;},
	[&quot;ajz&quot;] = {&quot;Amri Karbi&quot;},
	[&quot;akb&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Angkola&quot;},
	[&quot;akc&quot;] = {&quot;Mpur&quot;},
	[&quot;akd&quot;] = {&quot;Ukpet-Ehom&quot;},
	[&quot;ake&quot;] = {&quot;Akawaio&quot;},
	[&quot;akf&quot;] = {&quot;Akpa&quot;},
	[&quot;akg&quot;] = {&quot;Anakalangu&quot;},
	[&quot;akh&quot;] = {&quot;Angal Heneng&quot;},
	[&quot;aki&quot;] = {&quot;Aiome&quot;},
	[&quot;akj&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Jeru&quot;},
	[&quot;akk&quot;] = {&quot;Akkadian&quot;},
	[&quot;akl&quot;] = {&quot;Aklanon&quot;},
	[&quot;akm&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Bo&quot;},
	[&quot;ako&quot;] = {&quot;Akurio&quot;},
	[&quot;akp&quot;] = {&quot;Siwu&quot;},
	[&quot;akq&quot;] = {&quot;Ak&quot;},
	[&quot;akr&quot;] = {&quot;Araki&quot;},
	[&quot;aks&quot;] = {&quot;Akaselem&quot;},
	[&quot;akt&quot;] = {&quot;Akolet&quot;},
	[&quot;aku&quot;] = {&quot;Akum&quot;},
	[&quot;akv&quot;] = {&quot;Akhvakh&quot;},
	[&quot;akw&quot;] = {&quot;Akwa&quot;},
	[&quot;akx&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Kede&quot;},
	[&quot;aky&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Kol&quot;},
	[&quot;akz&quot;] = {&quot;Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;ala&quot;] = {&quot;Alago&quot;},
	[&quot;alc&quot;] = {&quot;Qawasqar&quot;},
	[&quot;ald&quot;] = {&quot;Alladian&quot;},
	[&quot;ale&quot;] = {&quot;Aleut&quot;},
	[&quot;alf&quot;] = {&quot;Alege&quot;},
	[&quot;alg&quot;] = {&quot;Algonquian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;alh&quot;] = {&quot;Alawa&quot;},
	[&quot;ali&quot;] = {&quot;Amaimon&quot;},
	[&quot;alj&quot;] = {&quot;Alangan&quot;},
	[&quot;alk&quot;] = {&quot;Alak&quot;},
	[&quot;all&quot;] = {&quot;Allar&quot;},
	[&quot;alm&quot;] = {&quot;Amblong&quot;},
	[&quot;aln&quot;] = {&quot;Gheg Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;alo&quot;] = {&quot;Larike-Wakasihu&quot;},
	[&quot;alp&quot;] = {&quot;Alune&quot;},
	[&quot;alq&quot;] = {&quot;Algonquin&quot;},
	[&quot;alr&quot;] = {&quot;Alutor&quot;},
	[&quot;als&quot;] = {&quot;Tosk Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;alt&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Altai&quot;},
	[&quot;alu&quot;] = {&quot;'Are'are&quot;},
	[&quot;alv&quot;] = {&quot;Atlantic-Congo languages&quot;},
	[&quot;alw&quot;] = {&quot;Alaba-K’abeena&quot;, &quot;Wanbasana&quot;},
	[&quot;alx&quot;] = {&quot;Amol&quot;},
	[&quot;aly&quot;] = {&quot;Alyawarr&quot;},
	[&quot;alz&quot;] = {&quot;Alur&quot;},
	[&quot;ama&quot;] = {&quot;Amanayé&quot;},
	[&quot;amb&quot;] = {&quot;Ambo&quot;},
	[&quot;amc&quot;] = {&quot;Amahuaca&quot;},
	[&quot;ame&quot;] = {&quot;Yanesha'&quot;},
	[&quot;amf&quot;] = {&quot;Hamer-Banna&quot;},
	[&quot;amg&quot;] = {&quot;Amurdak&quot;},
	[&quot;ami&quot;] = {&quot;Amis&quot;},
	[&quot;amj&quot;] = {&quot;Amdang&quot;},
	[&quot;amk&quot;] = {&quot;Ambai&quot;},
	[&quot;aml&quot;] = {&quot;War-Jaintia&quot;},
	[&quot;amm&quot;] = {&quot;Ama (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;amn&quot;] = {&quot;Amanab&quot;},
	[&quot;amo&quot;] = {&quot;Amo&quot;},
	[&quot;amp&quot;] = {&quot;Alamblak&quot;},
	[&quot;amq&quot;] = {&quot;Amahai&quot;},
	[&quot;amr&quot;] = {&quot;Amarakaeri&quot;},
	[&quot;ams&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Amami-Oshima&quot;},
	[&quot;amt&quot;] = {&quot;Amto&quot;},
	[&quot;amu&quot;] = {&quot;Guerrero Amuzgo&quot;},
	[&quot;amv&quot;] = {&quot;Ambelau&quot;},
	[&quot;amw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;amx&quot;] = {&quot;Anmatyerre&quot;},
	[&quot;amy&quot;] = {&quot;Ami&quot;},
	[&quot;amz&quot;] = {&quot;Atampaya&quot;},
	[&quot;ana&quot;] = {&quot;Andaqui&quot;},
	[&quot;anb&quot;] = {&quot;Andoa&quot;},
	[&quot;anc&quot;] = {&quot;Ngas&quot;},
	[&quot;and&quot;] = {&quot;Ansus&quot;},
	[&quot;ane&quot;] = {&quot;Xârâcùù&quot;},
	[&quot;anf&quot;] = {&quot;Animere&quot;},
	[&quot;ang&quot;] = {&quot;Old English (ca. 450-1100)&quot;},
	[&quot;anh&quot;] = {&quot;Nend&quot;},
	[&quot;ani&quot;] = {&quot;Andi&quot;},
	[&quot;anj&quot;] = {&quot;Anor&quot;},
	[&quot;ank&quot;] = {&quot;Goemai&quot;},
	[&quot;anl&quot;] = {&quot;Anu-Hkongso Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;anm&quot;] = {&quot;Anal&quot;},
	[&quot;ann&quot;] = {&quot;Obolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ano&quot;] = {&quot;Andoque&quot;},
	[&quot;anp&quot;] = {&quot;Angika&quot;},
	[&quot;anq&quot;] = {&quot;Jarawa (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;anr&quot;] = {&quot;Andh&quot;},
	[&quot;ans&quot;] = {&quot;Anserma&quot;},
	[&quot;ant&quot;] = {&quot;Antakarinya&quot;},
	[&quot;anu&quot;] = {&quot;Anuak&quot;},
	[&quot;anv&quot;] = {&quot;Denya&quot;},
	[&quot;anw&quot;] = {&quot;Anaang&quot;},
	[&quot;anx&quot;] = {&quot;Andra-Hus&quot;},
	[&quot;any&quot;] = {&quot;Anyin&quot;},
	[&quot;anz&quot;] = {&quot;Anem&quot;},
	[&quot;aoa&quot;] = {&quot;Angolar&quot;},
	[&quot;aob&quot;] = {&quot;Abom&quot;},
	[&quot;aoc&quot;] = {&quot;Pemon&quot;},
	[&quot;aod&quot;] = {&quot;Andarum&quot;},
	[&quot;aoe&quot;] = {&quot;Angal Enen&quot;},
	[&quot;aof&quot;] = {&quot;Bragat&quot;},
	[&quot;aog&quot;] = {&quot;Angoram&quot;},
	[&quot;aoh&quot;] = {&quot;Arma&quot;},
	[&quot;aoi&quot;] = {&quot;Anindilyakwa&quot;},
	[&quot;aoj&quot;] = {&quot;Mufian&quot;},
	[&quot;aok&quot;] = {&quot;Arhö&quot;},
	[&quot;aol&quot;] = {&quot;Alor&quot;},
	[&quot;aom&quot;] = {&quot;Ömie&quot;},
	[&quot;aon&quot;] = {&quot;Bumbita Arapesh&quot;},
	[&quot;aor&quot;] = {&quot;Aore&quot;},
	[&quot;aos&quot;] = {&quot;Taikat&quot;},
	[&quot;aot&quot;] = {&quot;Atong (India)&quot;, &quot;A'tong&quot;},
	[&quot;aou&quot;] = {&quot;A'ou&quot;},
	[&quot;aox&quot;] = {&quot;Atorada&quot;},
	[&quot;aoz&quot;] = {&quot;Uab Meto&quot;},
	[&quot;apa&quot;] = {&quot;Apache languages&quot;},
	[&quot;apb&quot;] = {&quot;Sa'a&quot;},
	[&quot;apc&quot;] = {&quot;North Levantine Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;apd&quot;] = {&quot;Sudanese Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ape&quot;] = {&quot;Bukiyip&quot;},
	[&quot;apf&quot;] = {&quot;Pahanan Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;apg&quot;] = {&quot;Ampanang&quot;},
	[&quot;aph&quot;] = {&quot;Athpariya&quot;},
	[&quot;api&quot;] = {&quot;Apiaká&quot;},
	[&quot;apj&quot;] = {&quot;Jicarilla Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apk&quot;] = {&quot;Kiowa Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apl&quot;] = {&quot;Lipan Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apm&quot;] = {&quot;Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apn&quot;] = {&quot;Apinayé&quot;},
	[&quot;apo&quot;] = {&quot;Ambul&quot;},
	[&quot;app&quot;] = {&quot;Apma&quot;},
	[&quot;apq&quot;] = {&quot;A-Pucikwar&quot;},
	[&quot;apr&quot;] = {&quot;Arop-Lokep&quot;},
	[&quot;aps&quot;] = {&quot;Arop-Sissano&quot;},
	[&quot;apt&quot;] = {&quot;Apatani&quot;},
	[&quot;apu&quot;] = {&quot;Apurinã&quot;},
	[&quot;apv&quot;] = {&quot;Alapmunte&quot;},
	[&quot;apw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apx&quot;] = {&quot;Aputai&quot;},
	[&quot;apy&quot;] = {&quot;Apalaí&quot;},
	[&quot;apz&quot;] = {&quot;Safeyoka&quot;},
	[&quot;aqa&quot;] = {&quot;Alacalufan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;aqc&quot;] = {&quot;Archi&quot;},
	[&quot;aqd&quot;] = {&quot;Ampari Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;aqg&quot;] = {&quot;Arigidi&quot;},
	[&quot;aql&quot;] = {&quot;Algic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;aqm&quot;] = {&quot;Atohwaim&quot;},
	[&quot;aqn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Alta&quot;},
	[&quot;aqp&quot;] = {&quot;Atakapa&quot;},
	[&quot;aqr&quot;] = {&quot;Arhâ&quot;},
	[&quot;aqt&quot;] = {&quot;Angaité&quot;},
	[&quot;aqz&quot;] = {&quot;Akuntsu&quot;},
	[&quot;arb&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;arc&quot;] = {&quot;Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)&quot;, &quot;Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)&quot;},
	[&quot;ard&quot;] = {&quot;Arabana&quot;},
	[&quot;are&quot;] = {&quot;Western Arrarnta&quot;},
	[&quot;arh&quot;] = {&quot;Arhuaco&quot;},
	[&quot;ari&quot;] = {&quot;Arikara&quot;},
	[&quot;arj&quot;] = {&quot;Arapaso&quot;},
	[&quot;ark&quot;] = {&quot;Arikapú&quot;},
	[&quot;arl&quot;] = {&quot;Arabela&quot;},
	[&quot;arn&quot;] = {&quot;Mapudungun&quot;, &quot;Mapuche&quot;},
	[&quot;aro&quot;] = {&quot;Araona&quot;},
	[&quot;arp&quot;] = {&quot;Arapaho&quot;},
	[&quot;arq&quot;] = {&quot;Algerian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;arr&quot;] = {&quot;Karo (Brazil)&quot;},
	[&quot;ars&quot;] = {&quot;Najdi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;art&quot;] = {&quot;Artificial languages&quot;},
	[&quot;aru&quot;] = {&quot;Aruá (Amazonas State)&quot;, &quot;Arawá&quot;},
	[&quot;arv&quot;] = {&quot;Arbore&quot;},
	[&quot;arw&quot;] = {&quot;Arawak&quot;},
	[&quot;arx&quot;] = {&quot;Aruá (Rodonia State)&quot;},
	[&quot;ary&quot;] = {&quot;Moroccan Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;arz&quot;] = {&quot;Egyptian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;asa&quot;] = {&quot;Asu (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;asb&quot;] = {&quot;Assiniboine&quot;},
	[&quot;asc&quot;] = {&quot;Casuarina Coast Asmat&quot;},
	[&quot;asd&quot;] = {&quot;Asas&quot;},
	[&quot;ase&quot;] = {&quot;American Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asf&quot;] = {&quot;Auslan&quot;, &quot;Australian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asg&quot;] = {&quot;Cishingini&quot;},
	[&quot;ash&quot;] = {&quot;Abishira&quot;},
	[&quot;asi&quot;] = {&quot;Buruwai&quot;},
	[&quot;asj&quot;] = {&quot;Sari&quot;},
	[&quot;ask&quot;] = {&quot;Ashkun&quot;},
	[&quot;asl&quot;] = {&quot;Asilulu&quot;},
	[&quot;asn&quot;] = {&quot;Xingú Asuriní&quot;},
	[&quot;aso&quot;] = {&quot;Dano&quot;},
	[&quot;asp&quot;] = {&quot;Algerian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asq&quot;] = {&quot;Austrian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asr&quot;] = {&quot;Asuri&quot;},
	[&quot;ass&quot;] = {&quot;Ipulo&quot;},
	[&quot;ast&quot;] = {&quot;Asturian&quot;, &quot;Asturleonese&quot;, &quot;Bable&quot;, &quot;Leonese&quot;},
	[&quot;asu&quot;] = {&quot;Tocantins Asurini&quot;},
	[&quot;asv&quot;] = {&quot;Asoa&quot;},
	[&quot;asw&quot;] = {&quot;Australian Aborigines Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asx&quot;] = {&quot;Muratayak&quot;},
	[&quot;asy&quot;] = {&quot;Yaosakor Asmat&quot;},
	[&quot;asz&quot;] = {&quot;As&quot;},
	[&quot;ata&quot;] = {&quot;Pele-Ata&quot;},
	[&quot;atb&quot;] = {&quot;Zaiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;atc&quot;] = {&quot;Atsahuaca&quot;},
	[&quot;atd&quot;] = {&quot;Ata Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;ate&quot;] = {&quot;Atemble&quot;},
	[&quot;atg&quot;] = {&quot;Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe&quot;},
	[&quot;ath&quot;] = {&quot;Athapascan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ati&quot;] = {&quot;Attié&quot;},
	[&quot;atj&quot;] = {&quot;Atikamekw&quot;},
	[&quot;atk&quot;] = {&quot;Ati&quot;},
	[&quot;atl&quot;] = {&quot;Mt. Iraya Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;atm&quot;] = {&quot;Ata&quot;},
	[&quot;atn&quot;] = {&quot;Ashtiani&quot;},
	[&quot;ato&quot;] = {&quot;Atong (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;atp&quot;] = {&quot;Pudtol Atta&quot;},
	[&quot;atq&quot;] = {&quot;Aralle-Tabulahan&quot;},
	[&quot;atr&quot;] = {&quot;Waimiri-Atroari&quot;},
	[&quot;ats&quot;] = {&quot;Gros Ventre&quot;},
	[&quot;att&quot;] = {&quot;Pamplona Atta&quot;},
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = {&quot;Reel&quot;},
	[&quot;atv&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Altai&quot;},
	[&quot;atw&quot;] = {&quot;Atsugewi&quot;},
	[&quot;atx&quot;] = {&quot;Arutani&quot;},
	[&quot;aty&quot;] = {&quot;Aneityum&quot;},
	[&quot;atz&quot;] = {&quot;Arta&quot;},
	[&quot;aua&quot;] = {&quot;Asumboa&quot;},
	[&quot;aub&quot;] = {&quot;Alugu&quot;},
	[&quot;auc&quot;] = {&quot;Waorani&quot;},
	[&quot;aud&quot;] = {&quot;Anuta&quot;},
	[&quot;auf&quot;] = {&quot;Arauan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;aug&quot;] = {&quot;Aguna&quot;},
	[&quot;auh&quot;] = {&quot;Aushi&quot;},
	[&quot;aui&quot;] = {&quot;Anuki&quot;},
	[&quot;auj&quot;] = {&quot;Awjilah&quot;},
	[&quot;auk&quot;] = {&quot;Heyo&quot;},
	[&quot;aul&quot;] = {&quot;Aulua&quot;},
	[&quot;aum&quot;] = {&quot;Asu (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;aun&quot;] = {&quot;Molmo One&quot;},
	[&quot;auo&quot;] = {&quot;Auyokawa&quot;},
	[&quot;aup&quot;] = {&quot;Makayam&quot;},
	[&quot;auq&quot;] = {&quot;Anus&quot;, &quot;Korur&quot;},
	[&quot;aur&quot;] = {&quot;Aruek&quot;},
	[&quot;aus&quot;] = {&quot;Australian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;aut&quot;] = {&quot;Austral&quot;},
	[&quot;auu&quot;] = {&quot;Auye&quot;},
	[&quot;auw&quot;] = {&quot;Awyi&quot;},
	[&quot;aux&quot;] = {&quot;Aurá&quot;},
	[&quot;auy&quot;] = {&quot;Awiyaana&quot;},
	[&quot;auz&quot;] = {&quot;Uzbeki Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;avb&quot;] = {&quot;Avau&quot;},
	[&quot;avd&quot;] = {&quot;Alviri-Vidari&quot;},
	[&quot;avi&quot;] = {&quot;Avikam&quot;},
	[&quot;avk&quot;] = {&quot;Kotava&quot;},
	[&quot;avl&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;avm&quot;] = {&quot;Angkamuthi&quot;},
	[&quot;avn&quot;] = {&quot;Avatime&quot;},
	[&quot;avo&quot;] = {&quot;Agavotaguerra&quot;},
	[&quot;avs&quot;] = {&quot;Aushiri&quot;},
	[&quot;avt&quot;] = {&quot;Au&quot;},
	[&quot;avu&quot;] = {&quot;Avokaya&quot;},
	[&quot;avv&quot;] = {&quot;Avá-Canoeiro&quot;},
	[&quot;awa&quot;] = {&quot;Awadhi&quot;},
	[&quot;awb&quot;] = {&quot;Awa (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;awc&quot;] = {&quot;Cicipu&quot;},
	[&quot;awd&quot;] = {&quot;Arawakan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;awe&quot;] = {&quot;Awetí&quot;},
	[&quot;awg&quot;] = {&quot;Anguthimri&quot;},
	[&quot;awh&quot;] = {&quot;Awbono&quot;},
	[&quot;awi&quot;] = {&quot;Aekyom&quot;},
	[&quot;awk&quot;] = {&quot;Awabakal&quot;},
	[&quot;awm&quot;] = {&quot;Arawum&quot;},
	[&quot;awn&quot;] = {&quot;Awngi&quot;},
	[&quot;awo&quot;] = {&quot;Awak&quot;},
	[&quot;awr&quot;] = {&quot;Awera&quot;},
	[&quot;aws&quot;] = {&quot;South Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;awt&quot;] = {&quot;Araweté&quot;},
	[&quot;awu&quot;] = {&quot;Central Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;awv&quot;] = {&quot;Jair Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;aww&quot;] = {&quot;Awun&quot;},
	[&quot;awx&quot;] = {&quot;Awara&quot;},
	[&quot;awy&quot;] = {&quot;Edera Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;axb&quot;] = {&quot;Abipon&quot;},
	[&quot;axe&quot;] = {&quot;Ayerrerenge&quot;},
	[&quot;axg&quot;] = {&quot;Mato Grosso Arára&quot;},
	[&quot;axk&quot;] = {&quot;Yaka (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;axl&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Southern Aranda&quot;},
	[&quot;axm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Armenian&quot;},
	[&quot;axx&quot;] = {&quot;Xârâgurè&quot;},
	[&quot;aya&quot;] = {&quot;Awar&quot;},
	[&quot;ayb&quot;] = {&quot;Ayizo Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;ayc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Aymara&quot;},
	[&quot;ayd&quot;] = {&quot;Ayabadhu&quot;},
	[&quot;aye&quot;] = {&quot;Ayere&quot;},
	[&quot;ayg&quot;] = {&quot;Ginyanga&quot;},
	[&quot;ayh&quot;] = {&quot;Hadrami Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ayi&quot;] = {&quot;Leyigha&quot;},
	[&quot;ayk&quot;] = {&quot;Akuku&quot;},
	[&quot;ayl&quot;] = {&quot;Libyan Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ayn&quot;] = {&quot;Sanaani Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ayo&quot;] = {&quot;Ayoreo&quot;},
	[&quot;ayp&quot;] = {&quot;North Mesopotamian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ayq&quot;] = {&quot;Ayi (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;ayr&quot;] = {&quot;Central Aymara&quot;},
	[&quot;ays&quot;] = {&quot;Sorsogon Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;ayt&quot;] = {&quot;Magbukun Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;ayu&quot;] = {&quot;Ayu&quot;},
	[&quot;ayy&quot;] = {&quot;Tayabas Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;ayz&quot;] = {&quot;Mai Brat&quot;},
	[&quot;aza&quot;] = {&quot;Azha&quot;},
	[&quot;azb&quot;] = {&quot;South Azerbaijani&quot;},
	[&quot;azc&quot;] = {&quot;Uto-Aztecan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;azd&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Durango Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;azg&quot;] = {&quot;San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo&quot;},
	[&quot;azj&quot;] = {&quot;North Azerbaijani&quot;},
	[&quot;azm&quot;] = {&quot;Ipalapa Amuzgo&quot;},
	[&quot;azn&quot;] = {&quot;Western Durango Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;azo&quot;] = {&quot;Awing&quot;},
	[&quot;azt&quot;] = {&quot;Faire Atta&quot;},
	[&quot;azz&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Puebla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;baa&quot;] = {&quot;Babatana&quot;},
	[&quot;bab&quot;] = {&quot;Bainouk-Gunyuño&quot;},
	[&quot;bac&quot;] = {&quot;Badui&quot;},
	[&quot;bad&quot;] = {&quot;Banda languages&quot;},
	[&quot;bae&quot;] = {&quot;Baré&quot;},
	[&quot;baf&quot;] = {&quot;Nubaca&quot;},
	[&quot;bag&quot;] = {&quot;Tuki&quot;},
	[&quot;bah&quot;] = {&quot;Bahamas Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;bai&quot;] = {&quot;Bamileke languages&quot;},
	[&quot;baj&quot;] = {&quot;Barakai&quot;},
	[&quot;bal&quot;] = {&quot;Baluchi&quot;},
	[&quot;ban&quot;] = {&quot;Balinese&quot;},
	[&quot;bao&quot;] = {&quot;Waimaha&quot;},
	[&quot;bap&quot;] = {&quot;Bantawa&quot;},
	[&quot;bar&quot;] = {&quot;Bavarian&quot;},
	[&quot;bas&quot;] = {&quot;Basa (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bat&quot;] = {&quot;Baltic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;bau&quot;] = {&quot;Bada (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bav&quot;] = {&quot;Vengo&quot;},
	[&quot;baw&quot;] = {&quot;Bambili-Bambui&quot;},
	[&quot;bax&quot;] = {&quot;Bamun&quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;Batuley&quot;},
	[&quot;bba&quot;] = {&quot;Baatonum&quot;},
	[&quot;bbb&quot;] = {&quot;Barai&quot;},
	[&quot;bbc&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Toba&quot;},
	[&quot;bbd&quot;] = {&quot;Bau&quot;},
	[&quot;bbe&quot;] = {&quot;Bangba&quot;},
	[&quot;bbf&quot;] = {&quot;Baibai&quot;},
	[&quot;bbg&quot;] = {&quot;Barama&quot;},
	[&quot;bbh&quot;] = {&quot;Bugan&quot;},
	[&quot;bbi&quot;] = {&quot;Barombi&quot;},
	[&quot;bbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ghomálá'&quot;},
	[&quot;bbk&quot;] = {&quot;Babanki&quot;},
	[&quot;bbl&quot;] = {&quot;Bats&quot;},
	[&quot;bbm&quot;] = {&quot;Babango&quot;},
	[&quot;bbn&quot;] = {&quot;Uneapa&quot;},
	[&quot;bbo&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Bobo Madaré&quot;, &quot;Konabéré&quot;},
	[&quot;bbp&quot;] = {&quot;West Central Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;bbq&quot;] = {&quot;Bamali&quot;},
	[&quot;bbr&quot;] = {&quot;Girawa&quot;},
	[&quot;bbs&quot;] = {&quot;Bakpinka&quot;},
	[&quot;bbt&quot;] = {&quot;Mburku&quot;},
	[&quot;bbu&quot;] = {&quot;Kulung (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bbv&quot;] = {&quot;Karnai&quot;},
	[&quot;bbw&quot;] = {&quot;Baba&quot;},
	[&quot;bbx&quot;] = {&quot;Bubia&quot;},
	[&quot;bby&quot;] = {&quot;Befang&quot;},
	[&quot;bbz&quot;] = {&quot;Babalia Creole Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;bca&quot;] = {&quot;Central Bai&quot;},
	[&quot;bcb&quot;] = {&quot;Bainouk-Samik&quot;},
	[&quot;bcc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Balochi&quot;},
	[&quot;bcd&quot;] = {&quot;North Babar&quot;},
	[&quot;bce&quot;] = {&quot;Bamenyam&quot;},
	[&quot;bcf&quot;] = {&quot;Bamu&quot;},
	[&quot;bcg&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Pokur&quot;},
	[&quot;bch&quot;] = {&quot;Bariai&quot;},
	[&quot;bci&quot;] = {&quot;Baoulé&quot;},
	[&quot;bcj&quot;] = {&quot;Bardi&quot;},
	[&quot;bck&quot;] = {&quot;Bunaba&quot;},
	[&quot;bcl&quot;] = {&quot;Central Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;bcm&quot;] = {&quot;Bannoni&quot;},
	[&quot;bcn&quot;] = {&quot;Bali (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bco&quot;] = {&quot;Kaluli&quot;},
	[&quot;bcp&quot;] = {&quot;Bali (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;bcq&quot;] = {&quot;Bench&quot;},
	[&quot;bcr&quot;] = {&quot;Babine&quot;},
	[&quot;bcs&quot;] = {&quot;Kohumono&quot;},
	[&quot;bct&quot;] = {&quot;Bendi&quot;},
	[&quot;bcu&quot;] = {&quot;Awad Bing&quot;},
	[&quot;bcv&quot;] = {&quot;Shoo-Minda-Nye&quot;},
	[&quot;bcw&quot;] = {&quot;Bana&quot;},
	[&quot;bcy&quot;] = {&quot;Bacama&quot;},
	[&quot;bcz&quot;] = {&quot;Bainouk-Gunyaamolo&quot;},
	[&quot;bda&quot;] = {&quot;Bayot&quot;},
	[&quot;bdb&quot;] = {&quot;Basap&quot;},
	[&quot;bdc&quot;] = {&quot;Emberá-Baudó&quot;},
	[&quot;bdd&quot;] = {&quot;Bunama&quot;},
	[&quot;bde&quot;] = {&quot;Bade&quot;},
	[&quot;bdf&quot;] = {&quot;Biage&quot;},
	[&quot;bdg&quot;] = {&quot;Bonggi&quot;},
	[&quot;bdh&quot;] = {&quot;Baka (South Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;bdi&quot;] = {&quot;Burun&quot;},
	[&quot;bdj&quot;] = {&quot;Bai (South Sudan)&quot;, &quot;Bai&quot;},
	[&quot;bdk&quot;] = {&quot;Budukh&quot;},
	[&quot;bdl&quot;] = {&quot;Indonesian Bajau&quot;},
	[&quot;bdm&quot;] = {&quot;Buduma&quot;},
	[&quot;bdn&quot;] = {&quot;Baldemu&quot;},
	[&quot;bdo&quot;] = {&quot;Morom&quot;},
	[&quot;bdp&quot;] = {&quot;Bende&quot;},
	[&quot;bdq&quot;] = {&quot;Bahnar&quot;},
	[&quot;bdr&quot;] = {&quot;West Coast Bajau&quot;},
	[&quot;bds&quot;] = {&quot;Burunge&quot;},
	[&quot;bdt&quot;] = {&quot;Bokoto&quot;},
	[&quot;bdu&quot;] = {&quot;Oroko&quot;},
	[&quot;bdv&quot;] = {&quot;Bodo Parja&quot;},
	[&quot;bdw&quot;] = {&quot;Baham&quot;},
	[&quot;bdx&quot;] = {&quot;Budong-Budong&quot;},
	[&quot;bdy&quot;] = {&quot;Bandjalang&quot;},
	[&quot;bdz&quot;] = {&quot;Badeshi&quot;},
	[&quot;bea&quot;] = {&quot;Beaver&quot;},
	[&quot;beb&quot;] = {&quot;Bebele&quot;},
	[&quot;bec&quot;] = {&quot;Iceve-Maci&quot;},
	[&quot;bed&quot;] = {&quot;Bedoanas&quot;},
	[&quot;bee&quot;] = {&quot;Byangsi&quot;},
	[&quot;bef&quot;] = {&quot;Benabena&quot;},
	[&quot;beg&quot;] = {&quot;Belait&quot;},
	[&quot;beh&quot;] = {&quot;Biali&quot;},
	[&quot;bei&quot;] = {&quot;Bekati'&quot;},
	[&quot;bej&quot;] = {&quot;Beja&quot;, &quot;Bedawiyet&quot;},
	[&quot;bek&quot;] = {&quot;Bebeli&quot;},
	[&quot;bem&quot;] = {&quot;Bemba (Zambia)&quot;},
	[&quot;beo&quot;] = {&quot;Beami&quot;},
	[&quot;bep&quot;] = {&quot;Besoa&quot;},
	[&quot;beq&quot;] = {&quot;Beembe&quot;},
	[&quot;ber&quot;] = {&quot;Berber languages&quot;},
	[&quot;bes&quot;] = {&quot;Besme&quot;},
	[&quot;bet&quot;] = {&quot;Guiberoua Béte&quot;},
	[&quot;beu&quot;] = {&quot;Blagar&quot;},
	[&quot;bev&quot;] = {&quot;Daloa Bété&quot;},
	[&quot;bew&quot;] = {&quot;Betawi&quot;},
	[&quot;bex&quot;] = {&quot;Jur Modo&quot;},
	[&quot;bey&quot;] = {&quot;Beli (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;bez&quot;] = {&quot;Bena (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;bfa&quot;] = {&quot;Bari&quot;},
	[&quot;bfb&quot;] = {&quot;Pauri Bareli&quot;},
	[&quot;bfc&quot;] = {&quot;Panyi Bai&quot;, &quot;Northern Bai&quot;},
	[&quot;bfd&quot;] = {&quot;Bafut&quot;},
	[&quot;bfe&quot;] = {&quot;Betaf&quot;, &quot;Tena&quot;},
	[&quot;bff&quot;] = {&quot;Bofi&quot;},
	[&quot;bfg&quot;] = {&quot;Busang Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;bfh&quot;] = {&quot;Blafe&quot;},
	[&quot;bfi&quot;] = {&quot;British Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bfj&quot;] = {&quot;Bafanji&quot;},
	[&quot;bfk&quot;] = {&quot;Ban Khor Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bfl&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Ndélé&quot;},
	[&quot;bfm&quot;] = {&quot;Mmen&quot;},
	[&quot;bfn&quot;] = {&quot;Bunak&quot;},
	[&quot;bfo&quot;] = {&quot;Malba Birifor&quot;},
	[&quot;bfp&quot;] = {&quot;Beba&quot;},
	[&quot;bfq&quot;] = {&quot;Badaga&quot;},
	[&quot;bfr&quot;] = {&quot;Bazigar&quot;},
	[&quot;bfs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Bai&quot;},
	[&quot;bft&quot;] = {&quot;Balti&quot;},
	[&quot;bfu&quot;] = {&quot;Gahri&quot;},
	[&quot;bfw&quot;] = {&quot;Bondo&quot;},
	[&quot;bfx&quot;] = {&quot;Bantayanon&quot;},
	[&quot;bfy&quot;] = {&quot;Bagheli&quot;},
	[&quot;bfz&quot;] = {&quot;Mahasu Pahari&quot;},
	[&quot;bga&quot;] = {&quot;Gwamhi-Wuri&quot;},
	[&quot;bgb&quot;] = {&quot;Bobongko&quot;},
	[&quot;bgc&quot;] = {&quot;Haryanvi&quot;},
	[&quot;bgd&quot;] = {&quot;Rathwi Bareli&quot;},
	[&quot;bge&quot;] = {&quot;Bauria&quot;},
	[&quot;bgf&quot;] = {&quot;Bangandu&quot;},
	[&quot;bgg&quot;] = {&quot;Bugun&quot;},
	[&quot;bgi&quot;] = {&quot;Giangan&quot;},
	[&quot;bgj&quot;] = {&quot;Bangolan&quot;},
	[&quot;bgk&quot;] = {&quot;Bit&quot;, &quot;Buxinhua&quot;},
	[&quot;bgl&quot;] = {&quot;Bo (Laos)&quot;},
	[&quot;bgn&quot;] = {&quot;Western Balochi&quot;},
	[&quot;bgo&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Koga&quot;},
	[&quot;bgp&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Balochi&quot;},
	[&quot;bgq&quot;] = {&quot;Bagri&quot;},
	[&quot;bgr&quot;] = {&quot;Bawm Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;bgs&quot;] = {&quot;Tagabawa&quot;},
	[&quot;bgt&quot;] = {&quot;Bughotu&quot;},
	[&quot;bgu&quot;] = {&quot;Mbongno&quot;},
	[&quot;bgv&quot;] = {&quot;Warkay-Bipim&quot;},
	[&quot;bgw&quot;] = {&quot;Bhatri&quot;},
	[&quot;bgx&quot;] = {&quot;Balkan Gagauz Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;bgy&quot;] = {&quot;Benggoi&quot;},
	[&quot;bgz&quot;] = {&quot;Banggai&quot;},
	[&quot;bha&quot;] = {&quot;Bharia&quot;},
	[&quot;bhb&quot;] = {&quot;Bhili&quot;},
	[&quot;bhc&quot;] = {&quot;Biga&quot;},
	[&quot;bhd&quot;] = {&quot;Bhadrawahi&quot;},
	[&quot;bhe&quot;] = {&quot;Bhaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bhf&quot;] = {&quot;Odiai&quot;},
	[&quot;bhg&quot;] = {&quot;Binandere&quot;},
	[&quot;bhh&quot;] = {&quot;Bukharic&quot;},
	[&quot;bhi&quot;] = {&quot;Bhilali&quot;},
	[&quot;bhj&quot;] = {&quot;Bahing&quot;},
	[&quot;bhl&quot;] = {&quot;Bimin&quot;},
	[&quot;bhm&quot;] = {&quot;Bathari&quot;},
	[&quot;bhn&quot;] = {&quot;Bohtan Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;bho&quot;] = {&quot;Bhojpuri&quot;},
	[&quot;bhp&quot;] = {&quot;Bima&quot;},
	[&quot;bhq&quot;] = {&quot;Tukang Besi South&quot;},
	[&quot;bhr&quot;] = {&quot;Bara Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;bhs&quot;] = {&quot;Buwal&quot;},
	[&quot;bht&quot;] = {&quot;Bhattiyali&quot;},
	[&quot;bhu&quot;] = {&quot;Bhunjia&quot;},
	[&quot;bhv&quot;] = {&quot;Bahau&quot;},
	[&quot;bhw&quot;] = {&quot;Biak&quot;},
	[&quot;bhx&quot;] = {&quot;Bhalay&quot;},
	[&quot;bhy&quot;] = {&quot;Bhele&quot;},
	[&quot;bhz&quot;] = {&quot;Bada (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bia&quot;] = {&quot;Badimaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bib&quot;] = {&quot;Bissa&quot;, &quot;Bisa&quot;},
	[&quot;bic&quot;] = {&quot;Bikaru&quot;},
	[&quot;bid&quot;] = {&quot;Bidiyo&quot;},
	[&quot;bie&quot;] = {&quot;Bepour&quot;},
	[&quot;bif&quot;] = {&quot;Biafada&quot;},
	[&quot;big&quot;] = {&quot;Biangai&quot;},
	[&quot;bij&quot;] = {&quot;Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri&quot;},
	[&quot;bik&quot;] = {&quot;Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;bil&quot;] = {&quot;Bile&quot;},
	[&quot;bim&quot;] = {&quot;Bimoba&quot;},
	[&quot;bin&quot;] = {&quot;Bini&quot;, &quot;Edo&quot;},
	[&quot;bio&quot;] = {&quot;Nai&quot;},
	[&quot;bip&quot;] = {&quot;Bila&quot;},
	[&quot;biq&quot;] = {&quot;Bipi&quot;},
	[&quot;bir&quot;] = {&quot;Bisorio&quot;},
	[&quot;bit&quot;] = {&quot;Berinomo&quot;},
	[&quot;biu&quot;] = {&quot;Biete&quot;},
	[&quot;biv&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Birifor&quot;},
	[&quot;biw&quot;] = {&quot;Kol (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bix&quot;] = {&quot;Bijori&quot;},
	[&quot;biy&quot;] = {&quot;Birhor&quot;},
	[&quot;biz&quot;] = {&quot;Baloi&quot;},
	[&quot;bja&quot;] = {&quot;Budza&quot;},
	[&quot;bjb&quot;] = {&quot;Banggarla&quot;},
	[&quot;bjc&quot;] = {&quot;Bariji&quot;},
	[&quot;bje&quot;] = {&quot;Biao-Jiao Mien&quot;},
	[&quot;bjf&quot;] = {&quot;Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;bjg&quot;] = {&quot;Bidyogo&quot;},
	[&quot;bjh&quot;] = {&quot;Bahinemo&quot;},
	[&quot;bji&quot;] = {&quot;Burji&quot;},
	[&quot;bjj&quot;] = {&quot;Kanauji&quot;},
	[&quot;bjk&quot;] = {&quot;Barok&quot;},
	[&quot;bjl&quot;] = {&quot;Bulu (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;bjm&quot;] = {&quot;Bajelani&quot;},
	[&quot;bjn&quot;] = {&quot;Banjar&quot;},
	[&quot;bjo&quot;] = {&quot;Mid-Southern Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;bjp&quot;] = {&quot;Fanamaket&quot;},
	[&quot;bjr&quot;] = {&quot;Binumarien&quot;},
	[&quot;bjs&quot;] = {&quot;Bajan&quot;},
	[&quot;bjt&quot;] = {&quot;Balanta-Ganja&quot;},
	[&quot;bju&quot;] = {&quot;Busuu&quot;},
	[&quot;bjv&quot;] = {&quot;Bedjond&quot;},
	[&quot;bjw&quot;] = {&quot;Bakwé&quot;},
	[&quot;bjx&quot;] = {&quot;Banao Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;bjy&quot;] = {&quot;Bayali&quot;},
	[&quot;bjz&quot;] = {&quot;Baruga&quot;},
	[&quot;bka&quot;] = {&quot;Kyak&quot;},
	[&quot;bkc&quot;] = {&quot;Baka (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bkd&quot;] = {&quot;Binukid&quot;, &quot;Talaandig&quot;},
	[&quot;bkf&quot;] = {&quot;Beeke&quot;},
	[&quot;bkg&quot;] = {&quot;Buraka&quot;},
	[&quot;bkh&quot;] = {&quot;Bakoko&quot;},
	[&quot;bki&quot;] = {&quot;Baki&quot;},
	[&quot;bkj&quot;] = {&quot;Pande&quot;},
	[&quot;bkk&quot;] = {&quot;Brokskat&quot;},
	[&quot;bkl&quot;] = {&quot;Berik&quot;},
	[&quot;bkm&quot;] = {&quot;Kom (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bkn&quot;] = {&quot;Bukitan&quot;},
	[&quot;bko&quot;] = {&quot;Kwa'&quot;},
	[&quot;bkp&quot;] = {&quot;Boko (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;bkq&quot;] = {&quot;Bakairí&quot;},
	[&quot;bkr&quot;] = {&quot;Bakumpai&quot;},
	[&quot;bks&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Sorsoganon&quot;},
	[&quot;bkt&quot;] = {&quot;Boloki&quot;},
	[&quot;bku&quot;] = {&quot;Buhid&quot;},
	[&quot;bkv&quot;] = {&quot;Bekwarra&quot;},
	[&quot;bkw&quot;] = {&quot;Bekwel&quot;},
	[&quot;bkx&quot;] = {&quot;Baikeno&quot;},
	[&quot;bky&quot;] = {&quot;Bokyi&quot;},
	[&quot;bkz&quot;] = {&quot;Bungku&quot;},
	[&quot;bla&quot;] = {&quot;Siksika&quot;},
	[&quot;blb&quot;] = {&quot;Bilua&quot;},
	[&quot;blc&quot;] = {&quot;Bella Coola&quot;},
	[&quot;bld&quot;] = {&quot;Bolango&quot;},
	[&quot;ble&quot;] = {&quot;Balanta-Kentohe&quot;},
	[&quot;blf&quot;] = {&quot;Buol&quot;},
	[&quot;blg&quot;] = {&quot;Balau&quot;},
	[&quot;blh&quot;] = {&quot;Kuwaa&quot;},
	[&quot;bli&quot;] = {&quot;Bolia&quot;},
	[&quot;blj&quot;] = {&quot;Bolongan&quot;},
	[&quot;blk&quot;] = {&quot;Pa'o Karen&quot;, &quot;Pa'O&quot;},
	[&quot;bll&quot;] = {&quot;Biloxi&quot;},
	[&quot;blm&quot;] = {&quot;Beli (South Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;bln&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Catanduanes Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;blo&quot;] = {&quot;Anii&quot;},
	[&quot;blp&quot;] = {&quot;Blablanga&quot;},
	[&quot;blq&quot;] = {&quot;Baluan-Pam&quot;},
	[&quot;blr&quot;] = {&quot;Blang&quot;},
	[&quot;bls&quot;] = {&quot;Balaesang&quot;},
	[&quot;blt&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Dam&quot;},
	[&quot;blv&quot;] = {&quot;Kibala&quot;, &quot;Bolo&quot;},
	[&quot;blw&quot;] = {&quot;Balangao&quot;},
	[&quot;blx&quot;] = {&quot;Mag-Indi Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;bly&quot;] = {&quot;Notre&quot;},
	[&quot;blz&quot;] = {&quot;Balantak&quot;},
	[&quot;bma&quot;] = {&quot;Lame&quot;},
	[&quot;bmb&quot;] = {&quot;Bembe&quot;},
	[&quot;bmc&quot;] = {&quot;Biem&quot;},
	[&quot;bmd&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Manduri&quot;},
	[&quot;bme&quot;] = {&quot;Limassa&quot;},
	[&quot;bmf&quot;] = {&quot;Bom-Kim&quot;},
	[&quot;bmg&quot;] = {&quot;Bamwe&quot;},
	[&quot;bmh&quot;] = {&quot;Kein&quot;},
	[&quot;bmi&quot;] = {&quot;Bagirmi&quot;},
	[&quot;bmj&quot;] = {&quot;Bote-Majhi&quot;},
	[&quot;bmk&quot;] = {&quot;Ghayavi&quot;},
	[&quot;bml&quot;] = {&quot;Bomboli&quot;},
	[&quot;bmm&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;bmn&quot;] = {&quot;Bina (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;bmo&quot;] = {&quot;Bambalang&quot;},
	[&quot;bmp&quot;] = {&quot;Bulgebi&quot;},
	[&quot;bmq&quot;] = {&quot;Bomu&quot;},
	[&quot;bmr&quot;] = {&quot;Muinane&quot;},
	[&quot;bms&quot;] = {&quot;Bilma Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;bmt&quot;] = {&quot;Biao Mon&quot;},
	[&quot;bmu&quot;] = {&quot;Somba-Siawari&quot;},
	[&quot;bmv&quot;] = {&quot;Bum&quot;},
	[&quot;bmw&quot;] = {&quot;Bomwali&quot;},
	[&quot;bmx&quot;] = {&quot;Baimak&quot;},
	[&quot;bmz&quot;] = {&quot;Baramu&quot;},
	[&quot;bna&quot;] = {&quot;Bonerate&quot;},
	[&quot;bnb&quot;] = {&quot;Bookan&quot;},
	[&quot;bnc&quot;] = {&quot;Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;bnd&quot;] = {&quot;Banda (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bne&quot;] = {&quot;Bintauna&quot;},
	[&quot;bnf&quot;] = {&quot;Masiwang&quot;},
	[&quot;bng&quot;] = {&quot;Benga&quot;},
	[&quot;bni&quot;] = {&quot;Bangi&quot;},
	[&quot;bnj&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Tawbuid&quot;},
	[&quot;bnk&quot;] = {&quot;Bierebo&quot;},
	[&quot;bnl&quot;] = {&quot;Boon&quot;},
	[&quot;bnm&quot;] = {&quot;Batanga&quot;},
	[&quot;bnn&quot;] = {&quot;Bunun&quot;},
	[&quot;bno&quot;] = {&quot;Bantoanon&quot;},
	[&quot;bnp&quot;] = {&quot;Bola&quot;},
	[&quot;bnq&quot;] = {&quot;Bantik&quot;},
	[&quot;bnr&quot;] = {&quot;Butmas-Tur&quot;},
	[&quot;bns&quot;] = {&quot;Bundeli&quot;},
	[&quot;bnt&quot;] = {&quot;Bantu languages&quot;},
	[&quot;bnu&quot;] = {&quot;Bentong&quot;},
	[&quot;bnv&quot;] = {&quot;Bonerif&quot;, &quot;Beneraf&quot;, &quot;Edwas&quot;},
	[&quot;bnw&quot;] = {&quot;Bisis&quot;},
	[&quot;bnx&quot;] = {&quot;Bangubangu&quot;},
	[&quot;bny&quot;] = {&quot;Bintulu&quot;},
	[&quot;bnz&quot;] = {&quot;Beezen&quot;},
	[&quot;boa&quot;] = {&quot;Bora&quot;},
	[&quot;bob&quot;] = {&quot;Aweer&quot;},
	[&quot;boe&quot;] = {&quot;Mundabli&quot;},
	[&quot;bof&quot;] = {&quot;Bolon&quot;},
	[&quot;bog&quot;] = {&quot;Bamako Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;boh&quot;] = {&quot;Boma&quot;},
	[&quot;boi&quot;] = {&quot;Barbareño&quot;},
	[&quot;boj&quot;] = {&quot;Anjam&quot;},
	[&quot;bok&quot;] = {&quot;Bonjo&quot;},
	[&quot;bol&quot;] = {&quot;Bole&quot;},
	[&quot;bom&quot;] = {&quot;Berom&quot;},
	[&quot;bon&quot;] = {&quot;Bine&quot;},
	[&quot;boo&quot;] = {&quot;Tiemacèwè Bozo&quot;},
	[&quot;bop&quot;] = {&quot;Bonkiman&quot;},
	[&quot;boq&quot;] = {&quot;Bogaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = {&quot;Borôro&quot;},
	[&quot;bot&quot;] = {&quot;Bongo&quot;},
	[&quot;bou&quot;] = {&quot;Bondei&quot;},
	[&quot;bov&quot;] = {&quot;Tuwuli&quot;},
	[&quot;bow&quot;] = {&quot;Rema&quot;},
	[&quot;box&quot;] = {&quot;Buamu&quot;},
	[&quot;boy&quot;] = {&quot;Bodo (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;boz&quot;] = {&quot;Tiéyaxo Bozo&quot;},
	[&quot;bpa&quot;] = {&quot;Daakaka&quot;},
	[&quot;bpb&quot;] = {&quot;Barbacoas&quot;},
	[&quot;bpd&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;bpg&quot;] = {&quot;Bonggo&quot;},
	[&quot;bph&quot;] = {&quot;Botlikh&quot;},
	[&quot;bpi&quot;] = {&quot;Bagupi&quot;},
	[&quot;bpj&quot;] = {&quot;Binji&quot;},
	[&quot;bpk&quot;] = {&quot;Orowe&quot;, &quot;'Ôrôê&quot;},
	[&quot;bpl&quot;] = {&quot;Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;bpm&quot;] = {&quot;Biyom&quot;},
	[&quot;bpn&quot;] = {&quot;Dzao Min&quot;},
	[&quot;bpo&quot;] = {&quot;Anasi&quot;},
	[&quot;bpp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaure&quot;},
	[&quot;bpq&quot;] = {&quot;Banda Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;bpr&quot;] = {&quot;Koronadal Blaan&quot;},
	[&quot;bps&quot;] = {&quot;Sarangani Blaan&quot;},
	[&quot;bpt&quot;] = {&quot;Barrow Point&quot;},
	[&quot;bpu&quot;] = {&quot;Bongu&quot;},
	[&quot;bpv&quot;] = {&quot;Bian Marind&quot;},
	[&quot;bpw&quot;] = {&quot;Bo (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;bpx&quot;] = {&quot;Palya Bareli&quot;},
	[&quot;bpy&quot;] = {&quot;Bishnupriya&quot;},
	[&quot;bpz&quot;] = {&quot;Bilba&quot;},
	[&quot;bqa&quot;] = {&quot;Tchumbuli&quot;},
	[&quot;bqb&quot;] = {&quot;Bagusa&quot;},
	[&quot;bqc&quot;] = {&quot;Boko (Benin)&quot;, &quot;Boo&quot;},
	[&quot;bqd&quot;] = {&quot;Bung&quot;},
	[&quot;bqf&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Kaloum&quot;},
	[&quot;bqg&quot;] = {&quot;Bago-Kusuntu&quot;},
	[&quot;bqh&quot;] = {&quot;Baima&quot;},
	[&quot;bqi&quot;] = {&quot;Bakhtiari&quot;},
	[&quot;bqj&quot;] = {&quot;Bandial&quot;},
	[&quot;bqk&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Mbrès&quot;},
	[&quot;bql&quot;] = {&quot;Bilakura&quot;},
	[&quot;bqm&quot;] = {&quot;Wumboko&quot;},
	[&quot;bqn&quot;] = {&quot;Bulgarian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bqo&quot;] = {&quot;Balo&quot;},
	[&quot;bqp&quot;] = {&quot;Busa&quot;},
	[&quot;bqq&quot;] = {&quot;Biritai&quot;},
	[&quot;bqr&quot;] = {&quot;Burusu&quot;},
	[&quot;bqs&quot;] = {&quot;Bosngun&quot;},
	[&quot;bqt&quot;] = {&quot;Bamukumbit&quot;},
	[&quot;bqu&quot;] = {&quot;Boguru&quot;},
	[&quot;bqv&quot;] = {&quot;Koro Wachi&quot;, &quot;Begbere-Ejar&quot;},
	[&quot;bqw&quot;] = {&quot;Buru (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bqx&quot;] = {&quot;Baangi&quot;},
	[&quot;bqy&quot;] = {&quot;Bengkala Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bqz&quot;] = {&quot;Bakaka&quot;},
	[&quot;bra&quot;] = {&quot;Braj&quot;},
	[&quot;brb&quot;] = {&quot;Lave&quot;},
	[&quot;brc&quot;] = {&quot;Berbice Creole Dutch&quot;},
	[&quot;brd&quot;] = {&quot;Baraamu&quot;},
	[&quot;brf&quot;] = {&quot;Bera&quot;},
	[&quot;brg&quot;] = {&quot;Baure&quot;},
	[&quot;brh&quot;] = {&quot;Brahui&quot;},
	[&quot;bri&quot;] = {&quot;Mokpwe&quot;},
	[&quot;brj&quot;] = {&quot;Bieria&quot;},
	[&quot;brk&quot;] = {&quot;Birked&quot;},
	[&quot;brl&quot;] = {&quot;Birwa&quot;},
	[&quot;brm&quot;] = {&quot;Barambu&quot;},
	[&quot;brn&quot;] = {&quot;Boruca&quot;},
	[&quot;bro&quot;] = {&quot;Brokkat&quot;},
	[&quot;brp&quot;] = {&quot;Barapasi&quot;},
	[&quot;brq&quot;] = {&quot;Breri&quot;},
	[&quot;brr&quot;] = {&quot;Birao&quot;},
	[&quot;brs&quot;] = {&quot;Baras&quot;},
	[&quot;brt&quot;] = {&quot;Bitare&quot;},
	[&quot;bru&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Bru&quot;},
	[&quot;brv&quot;] = {&quot;Western Bru&quot;},
	[&quot;brw&quot;] = {&quot;Bellari&quot;},
	[&quot;brx&quot;] = {&quot;Bodo (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;bry&quot;] = {&quot;Burui&quot;},
	[&quot;brz&quot;] = {&quot;Bilbil&quot;},
	[&quot;bsa&quot;] = {&quot;Abinomn&quot;},
	[&quot;bsb&quot;] = {&quot;Brunei Bisaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bsc&quot;] = {&quot;Bassari&quot;, &quot;Oniyan&quot;},
	[&quot;bse&quot;] = {&quot;Wushi&quot;},
	[&quot;bsf&quot;] = {&quot;Bauchi&quot;},
	[&quot;bsg&quot;] = {&quot;Bashkardi&quot;},
	[&quot;bsh&quot;] = {&quot;Kati&quot;},
	[&quot;bsi&quot;] = {&quot;Bassossi&quot;},
	[&quot;bsj&quot;] = {&quot;Bangwinji&quot;},
	[&quot;bsk&quot;] = {&quot;Burushaski&quot;},
	[&quot;bsl&quot;] = {&quot;Basa-Gumna&quot;},
	[&quot;bsm&quot;] = {&quot;Busami&quot;},
	[&quot;bsn&quot;] = {&quot;Barasana-Eduria&quot;},
	[&quot;bso&quot;] = {&quot;Buso&quot;},
	[&quot;bsp&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Sitemu&quot;},
	[&quot;bsq&quot;] = {&quot;Bassa&quot;},
	[&quot;bsr&quot;] = {&quot;Bassa-Kontagora&quot;},
	[&quot;bss&quot;] = {&quot;Akoose&quot;},
	[&quot;bst&quot;] = {&quot;Basketo&quot;},
	[&quot;bsu&quot;] = {&quot;Bahonsuai&quot;},
	[&quot;bsv&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Sobané&quot;},
	[&quot;bsw&quot;] = {&quot;Baiso&quot;},
	[&quot;bsx&quot;] = {&quot;Yangkam&quot;},
	[&quot;bsy&quot;] = {&quot;Sabah Bisaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bta&quot;] = {&quot;Bata&quot;},
	[&quot;btc&quot;] = {&quot;Bati (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;btd&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Dairi&quot;},
	[&quot;bte&quot;] = {&quot;Gamo-Ningi&quot;},
	[&quot;btf&quot;] = {&quot;Birgit&quot;},
	[&quot;btg&quot;] = {&quot;Gagnoa Bété&quot;},
	[&quot;bth&quot;] = {&quot;Biatah Bidayuh&quot;},
	[&quot;bti&quot;] = {&quot;Burate&quot;},
	[&quot;btj&quot;] = {&quot;Bacanese Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;btk&quot;] = {&quot;Batak languages&quot;},
	[&quot;btm&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Mandailing&quot;},
	[&quot;btn&quot;] = {&quot;Ratagnon&quot;},
	[&quot;bto&quot;] = {&quot;Rinconada Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;btp&quot;] = {&quot;Budibud&quot;},
	[&quot;btq&quot;] = {&quot;Batek&quot;},
	[&quot;btr&quot;] = {&quot;Baetora&quot;},
	[&quot;bts&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Simalungun&quot;},
	[&quot;btt&quot;] = {&quot;Bete-Bendi&quot;},
	[&quot;btu&quot;] = {&quot;Batu&quot;},
	[&quot;btv&quot;] = {&quot;Bateri&quot;},
	[&quot;btw&quot;] = {&quot;Butuanon&quot;},
	[&quot;btx&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Karo&quot;},
	[&quot;bty&quot;] = {&quot;Bobot&quot;},
	[&quot;btz&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Alas-Kluet&quot;},
	[&quot;bua&quot;] = {&quot;Buriat&quot;},
	[&quot;bub&quot;] = {&quot;Bua&quot;},
	[&quot;buc&quot;] = {&quot;Bushi&quot;},
	[&quot;bud&quot;] = {&quot;Ntcham&quot;},
	[&quot;bue&quot;] = {&quot;Beothuk&quot;},
	[&quot;buf&quot;] = {&quot;Bushoong&quot;},
	[&quot;bug&quot;] = {&quot;Buginese&quot;},
	[&quot;buh&quot;] = {&quot;Younuo Bunu&quot;},
	[&quot;bui&quot;] = {&quot;Bongili&quot;},
	[&quot;buj&quot;] = {&quot;Basa-Gurmana&quot;},
	[&quot;buk&quot;] = {&quot;Bugawac&quot;},
	[&quot;bum&quot;] = {&quot;Bulu (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bun&quot;] = {&quot;Sherbro&quot;},
	[&quot;buo&quot;] = {&quot;Terei&quot;},
	[&quot;bup&quot;] = {&quot;Busoa&quot;},
	[&quot;buq&quot;] = {&quot;Brem&quot;},
	[&quot;bus&quot;] = {&quot;Bokobaru&quot;},
	[&quot;but&quot;] = {&quot;Bungain&quot;},
	[&quot;buu&quot;] = {&quot;Budu&quot;},
	[&quot;buv&quot;] = {&quot;Bun&quot;},
	[&quot;buw&quot;] = {&quot;Bubi&quot;},
	[&quot;bux&quot;] = {&quot;Boghom&quot;},
	[&quot;buy&quot;] = {&quot;Bullom So&quot;},
	[&quot;buz&quot;] = {&quot;Bukwen&quot;},
	[&quot;bva&quot;] = {&quot;Barein&quot;},
	[&quot;bvb&quot;] = {&quot;Bube&quot;},
	[&quot;bvc&quot;] = {&quot;Baelelea&quot;},
	[&quot;bvd&quot;] = {&quot;Baeggu&quot;},
	[&quot;bve&quot;] = {&quot;Berau Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;bvf&quot;] = {&quot;Boor&quot;},
	[&quot;bvg&quot;] = {&quot;Bonkeng&quot;},
	[&quot;bvh&quot;] = {&quot;Bure&quot;},
	[&quot;bvi&quot;] = {&quot;Belanda Viri&quot;},
	[&quot;bvj&quot;] = {&quot;Baan&quot;},
	[&quot;bvk&quot;] = {&quot;Bukat&quot;},
	[&quot;bvl&quot;] = {&quot;Bolivian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bvm&quot;] = {&quot;Bamunka&quot;},
	[&quot;bvn&quot;] = {&quot;Buna&quot;},
	[&quot;bvo&quot;] = {&quot;Bolgo&quot;},
	[&quot;bvp&quot;] = {&quot;Bumang&quot;},
	[&quot;bvq&quot;] = {&quot;Birri&quot;},
	[&quot;bvr&quot;] = {&quot;Burarra&quot;},
	[&quot;bvt&quot;] = {&quot;Bati (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bvu&quot;] = {&quot;Bukit Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;bvv&quot;] = {&quot;Baniva&quot;},
	[&quot;bvw&quot;] = {&quot;Boga&quot;},
	[&quot;bvx&quot;] = {&quot;Dibole&quot;},
	[&quot;bvy&quot;] = {&quot;Baybayanon&quot;},
	[&quot;bvz&quot;] = {&quot;Bauzi&quot;},
	[&quot;bwa&quot;] = {&quot;Bwatoo&quot;},
	[&quot;bwb&quot;] = {&quot;Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua&quot;},
	[&quot;bwc&quot;] = {&quot;Bwile&quot;},
	[&quot;bwd&quot;] = {&quot;Bwaidoka&quot;},
	[&quot;bwe&quot;] = {&quot;Bwe Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;bwf&quot;] = {&quot;Boselewa&quot;},
	[&quot;bwg&quot;] = {&quot;Barwe&quot;},
	[&quot;bwh&quot;] = {&quot;Bishuo&quot;},
	[&quot;bwi&quot;] = {&quot;Baniwa&quot;},
	[&quot;bwj&quot;] = {&quot;Láá Láá Bwamu&quot;},
	[&quot;bwk&quot;] = {&quot;Bauwaki&quot;},
	[&quot;bwl&quot;] = {&quot;Bwela&quot;},
	[&quot;bwm&quot;] = {&quot;Biwat&quot;},
	[&quot;bwn&quot;] = {&quot;Wunai Bunu&quot;},
	[&quot;bwo&quot;] = {&quot;Boro (Ethiopia)&quot;, &quot;Borna (Ethiopia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bwp&quot;] = {&quot;Mandobo Bawah&quot;},
	[&quot;bwq&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Bobo Madaré&quot;},
	[&quot;bwr&quot;] = {&quot;Bura-Pabir&quot;},
	[&quot;bws&quot;] = {&quot;Bomboma&quot;},
	[&quot;bwt&quot;] = {&quot;Bafaw-Balong&quot;},
	[&quot;bwu&quot;] = {&quot;Buli (Ghana)&quot;},
	[&quot;bww&quot;] = {&quot;Bwa&quot;},
	[&quot;bwx&quot;] = {&quot;Bu-Nao Bunu&quot;},
	[&quot;bwy&quot;] = {&quot;Cwi Bwamu&quot;},
	[&quot;bwz&quot;] = {&quot;Bwisi&quot;},
	[&quot;bxa&quot;] = {&quot;Tairaha&quot;},
	[&quot;bxb&quot;] = {&quot;Belanda Bor&quot;},
	[&quot;bxc&quot;] = {&quot;Molengue&quot;},
	[&quot;bxd&quot;] = {&quot;Pela&quot;},
	[&quot;bxe&quot;] = {&quot;Birale&quot;},
	[&quot;bxf&quot;] = {&quot;Bilur&quot;, &quot;Minigir&quot;},
	[&quot;bxg&quot;] = {&quot;Bangala&quot;},
	[&quot;bxh&quot;] = {&quot;Buhutu&quot;},
	[&quot;bxi&quot;] = {&quot;Pirlatapa&quot;},
	[&quot;bxj&quot;] = {&quot;Bayungu&quot;},
	[&quot;bxk&quot;] = {&quot;Bukusu&quot;, &quot;Lubukusu&quot;},
	[&quot;bxl&quot;] = {&quot;Jalkunan&quot;},
	[&quot;bxm&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolia Buriat&quot;},
	[&quot;bxn&quot;] = {&quot;Burduna&quot;},
	[&quot;bxo&quot;] = {&quot;Barikanchi&quot;},
	[&quot;bxp&quot;] = {&quot;Bebil&quot;},
	[&quot;bxq&quot;] = {&quot;Beele&quot;},
	[&quot;bxr&quot;] = {&quot;Russia Buriat&quot;},
	[&quot;bxs&quot;] = {&quot;Busam&quot;},
	[&quot;bxu&quot;] = {&quot;China Buriat&quot;},
	[&quot;bxv&quot;] = {&quot;Berakou&quot;},
	[&quot;bxw&quot;] = {&quot;Bankagooma&quot;},
	[&quot;bxz&quot;] = {&quot;Binahari&quot;},
	[&quot;bya&quot;] = {&quot;Batak&quot;},
	[&quot;byb&quot;] = {&quot;Bikya&quot;},
	[&quot;byc&quot;] = {&quot;Ubaghara&quot;},
	[&quot;byd&quot;] = {&quot;Benyadu'&quot;},
	[&quot;bye&quot;] = {&quot;Pouye&quot;},
	[&quot;byf&quot;] = {&quot;Bete&quot;},
	[&quot;byg&quot;] = {&quot;Baygo&quot;},
	[&quot;byh&quot;] = {&quot;Bhujel&quot;},
	[&quot;byi&quot;] = {&quot;Buyu&quot;},
	[&quot;byj&quot;] = {&quot;Bina (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;byk&quot;] = {&quot;Biao&quot;},
	[&quot;byl&quot;] = {&quot;Bayono&quot;},
	[&quot;bym&quot;] = {&quot;Bidyara&quot;},
	[&quot;byn&quot;] = {&quot;Bilin&quot;, &quot;Blin&quot;},
	[&quot;byo&quot;] = {&quot;Biyo&quot;},
	[&quot;byp&quot;] = {&quot;Bumaji&quot;},
	[&quot;byq&quot;] = {&quot;Basay&quot;},
	[&quot;byr&quot;] = {&quot;Baruya&quot;, &quot;Yipma&quot;},
	[&quot;bys&quot;] = {&quot;Burak&quot;},
	[&quot;byt&quot;] = {&quot;Berti&quot;},
	[&quot;byv&quot;] = {&quot;Medumba&quot;},
	[&quot;byw&quot;] = {&quot;Belhariya&quot;},
	[&quot;byx&quot;] = {&quot;Qaqet&quot;},
	[&quot;byz&quot;] = {&quot;Banaro&quot;},
	[&quot;bza&quot;] = {&quot;Bandi&quot;},
	[&quot;bzb&quot;] = {&quot;Andio&quot;},
	[&quot;bzc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;bzd&quot;] = {&quot;Bribri&quot;},
	[&quot;bze&quot;] = {&quot;Jenaama Bozo&quot;},
	[&quot;bzf&quot;] = {&quot;Boikin&quot;},
	[&quot;bzg&quot;] = {&quot;Babuza&quot;},
	[&quot;bzh&quot;] = {&quot;Mapos Buang&quot;},
	[&quot;bzi&quot;] = {&quot;Bisu&quot;},
	[&quot;bzj&quot;] = {&quot;Belize Kriol English&quot;},
	[&quot;bzk&quot;] = {&quot;Nicaragua Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;bzl&quot;] = {&quot;Boano (Sulawesi)&quot;},
	[&quot;bzm&quot;] = {&quot;Bolondo&quot;},
	[&quot;bzn&quot;] = {&quot;Boano (Maluku)&quot;},
	[&quot;bzo&quot;] = {&quot;Bozaba&quot;},
	[&quot;bzp&quot;] = {&quot;Kemberano&quot;},
	[&quot;bzq&quot;] = {&quot;Buli (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bzr&quot;] = {&quot;Biri&quot;},
	[&quot;bzs&quot;] = {&quot;Brazilian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bzt&quot;] = {&quot;Brithenig&quot;},
	[&quot;bzu&quot;] = {&quot;Burmeso&quot;},
	[&quot;bzv&quot;] = {&quot;Naami&quot;},
	[&quot;bzw&quot;] = {&quot;Basa (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bzx&quot;] = {&quot;Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo&quot;},
	[&quot;bzy&quot;] = {&quot;Obanliku&quot;},
	[&quot;bzz&quot;] = {&quot;Evant&quot;},
	[&quot;caa&quot;] = {&quot;Chortí&quot;},
	[&quot;cab&quot;] = {&quot;Garifuna&quot;},
	[&quot;cac&quot;] = {&quot;Chuj&quot;},
	[&quot;cad&quot;] = {&quot;Caddo&quot;},
	[&quot;cae&quot;] = {&quot;Lehar&quot;, &quot;Laalaa&quot;},
	[&quot;caf&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Carrier&quot;},
	[&quot;cag&quot;] = {&quot;Nivaclé&quot;},
	[&quot;cah&quot;] = {&quot;Cahuarano&quot;},
	[&quot;cai&quot;] = {&quot;Central American Indian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;caj&quot;] = {&quot;Chané&quot;},
	[&quot;cak&quot;] = {&quot;Kaqchikel&quot;, &quot;Cakchiquel&quot;},
	[&quot;cal&quot;] = {&quot;Carolinian&quot;},
	[&quot;cam&quot;] = {&quot;Cemuhî&quot;},
	[&quot;can&quot;] = {&quot;Chambri&quot;},
	[&quot;cao&quot;] = {&quot;Chácobo&quot;},
	[&quot;cap&quot;] = {&quot;Chipaya&quot;},
	[&quot;caq&quot;] = {&quot;Car Nicobarese&quot;},
	[&quot;car&quot;] = {&quot;Galibi Carib&quot;},
	[&quot;cas&quot;] = {&quot;Tsimané&quot;},
	[&quot;cau&quot;] = {&quot;Caucasian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;cav&quot;] = {&quot;Cavineña&quot;},
	[&quot;caw&quot;] = {&quot;Callawalla&quot;},
	[&quot;cax&quot;] = {&quot;Chiquitano&quot;},
	[&quot;cay&quot;] = {&quot;Cayuga&quot;},
	[&quot;caz&quot;] = {&quot;Canichana&quot;},
	[&quot;cba&quot;] = {&quot;Chibchan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;cbb&quot;] = {&quot;Cabiyarí&quot;},
	[&quot;cbc&quot;] = {&quot;Carapana&quot;},
	[&quot;cbd&quot;] = {&quot;Carijona&quot;},
	[&quot;cbg&quot;] = {&quot;Chimila&quot;},
	[&quot;cbi&quot;] = {&quot;Chachi&quot;},
	[&quot;cbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ede Cabe&quot;},
	[&quot;cbk&quot;] = {&quot;Chavacano&quot;},
	[&quot;cbl&quot;] = {&quot;Bualkhaw Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cbn&quot;] = {&quot;Nyahkur&quot;},
	[&quot;cbo&quot;] = {&quot;Izora&quot;},
	[&quot;cbq&quot;] = {&quot;Tsucuba&quot;, &quot;Cuba&quot;},
	[&quot;cbr&quot;] = {&quot;Cashibo-Cacataibo&quot;},
	[&quot;cbs&quot;] = {&quot;Cashinahua&quot;},
	[&quot;cbt&quot;] = {&quot;Chayahuita&quot;},
	[&quot;cbu&quot;] = {&quot;Candoshi-Shapra&quot;},
	[&quot;cbv&quot;] = {&quot;Cacua&quot;},
	[&quot;cbw&quot;] = {&quot;Kinabalian&quot;},
	[&quot;cby&quot;] = {&quot;Carabayo&quot;},
	[&quot;cca&quot;] = {&quot;Cauca&quot;},
	[&quot;ccc&quot;] = {&quot;Chamicuro&quot;},
	[&quot;ccd&quot;] = {&quot;Cafundo Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;cce&quot;] = {&quot;Chopi&quot;},
	[&quot;ccg&quot;] = {&quot;Samba Daka&quot;},
	[&quot;cch&quot;] = {&quot;Atsam&quot;},
	[&quot;ccj&quot;] = {&quot;Kasanga&quot;},
	[&quot;ccl&quot;] = {&quot;Cutchi-Swahili&quot;},
	[&quot;ccm&quot;] = {&quot;Malaccan Creole Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;ccn&quot;] = {&quot;North Caucasian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;cco&quot;] = {&quot;Comaltepec Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;ccp&quot;] = {&quot;Chakma&quot;},
	[&quot;ccr&quot;] = {&quot;Cacaopera&quot;},
	[&quot;ccs&quot;] = {&quot;South Caucasian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;cda&quot;] = {&quot;Choni&quot;},
	[&quot;cdc&quot;] = {&quot;Chadic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;cdd&quot;] = {&quot;Caddoan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;cde&quot;] = {&quot;Chenchu&quot;},
	[&quot;cdf&quot;] = {&quot;Chiru&quot;},
	[&quot;cdg&quot;] = {&quot;Chamari&quot;},
	[&quot;cdh&quot;] = {&quot;Chambeali&quot;},
	[&quot;cdi&quot;] = {&quot;Chodri&quot;},
	[&quot;cdj&quot;] = {&quot;Churahi&quot;},
	[&quot;cdm&quot;] = {&quot;Chepang&quot;},
	[&quot;cdn&quot;] = {&quot;Chaudangsi&quot;},
	[&quot;cdo&quot;] = {&quot;Min Dong Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;cdr&quot;] = {&quot;Cinda-Regi-Tiyal&quot;},
	[&quot;cds&quot;] = {&quot;Chadian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;cdy&quot;] = {&quot;Chadong&quot;},
	[&quot;cdz&quot;] = {&quot;Koda&quot;},
	[&quot;cea&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Chehalis&quot;},
	[&quot;ceb&quot;] = {&quot;Cebuano&quot;},
	[&quot;ceg&quot;] = {&quot;Chamacoco&quot;},
	[&quot;cek&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Khumi Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cel&quot;] = {&quot;Celtic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;cen&quot;] = {&quot;Cen&quot;},
	[&quot;cet&quot;] = {&quot;Centúúm&quot;},
	[&quot;cfa&quot;] = {&quot;Dijim-Bwilim&quot;},
	[&quot;cfd&quot;] = {&quot;Cara&quot;},
	[&quot;cfg&quot;] = {&quot;Como Karim&quot;},
	[&quot;cfm&quot;] = {&quot;Falam Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cga&quot;] = {&quot;Changriwa&quot;},
	[&quot;cgc&quot;] = {&quot;Kagayanen&quot;},
	[&quot;cgg&quot;] = {&quot;Chiga&quot;},
	[&quot;cgk&quot;] = {&quot;Chocangacakha&quot;},
	[&quot;chb&quot;] = {&quot;Chibcha&quot;},
	[&quot;chc&quot;] = {&quot;Catawba&quot;},
	[&quot;chd&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Oaxaca Chontal&quot;},
	[&quot;chf&quot;] = {&quot;Tabasco Chontal&quot;},
	[&quot;chg&quot;] = {&quot;Chagatai&quot;},
	[&quot;chh&quot;] = {&quot;Chinook&quot;},
	[&quot;chj&quot;] = {&quot;Ojitlán Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;chk&quot;] = {&quot;Chuukese&quot;},
	[&quot;chl&quot;] = {&quot;Cahuilla&quot;},
	[&quot;chm&quot;] = {&quot;Mari (Russia)&quot;},
	[&quot;chn&quot;] = {&quot;Chinook jargon&quot;},
	[&quot;cho&quot;] = {&quot;Choctaw&quot;},
	[&quot;chp&quot;] = {&quot;Chipewyan&quot;, &quot;Dene Suline&quot;},
	[&quot;chq&quot;] = {&quot;Quiotepec Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;chr&quot;] = {&quot;Cherokee&quot;},
	[&quot;cht&quot;] = {&quot;Cholón&quot;},
	[&quot;chw&quot;] = {&quot;Chuwabu&quot;},
	[&quot;chx&quot;] = {&quot;Chantyal&quot;},
	[&quot;chy&quot;] = {&quot;Cheyenne&quot;},
	[&quot;chz&quot;] = {&quot;Ozumacín Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cia&quot;] = {&quot;Cia-Cia&quot;},
	[&quot;cib&quot;] = {&quot;Ci Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;cic&quot;] = {&quot;Chickasaw&quot;},
	[&quot;cid&quot;] = {&quot;Chimariko&quot;},
	[&quot;cie&quot;] = {&quot;Cineni&quot;},
	[&quot;cih&quot;] = {&quot;Chinali&quot;},
	[&quot;cik&quot;] = {&quot;Chitkuli Kinnauri&quot;},
	[&quot;cim&quot;] = {&quot;Cimbrian&quot;},
	[&quot;cin&quot;] = {&quot;Cinta Larga&quot;},
	[&quot;cip&quot;] = {&quot;Chiapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;cir&quot;] = {&quot;Tiri&quot;, &quot;Haméa&quot;, &quot;Méa&quot;},
	[&quot;ciw&quot;] = {&quot;Chippewa&quot;},
	[&quot;ciy&quot;] = {&quot;Chaima&quot;},
	[&quot;cja&quot;] = {&quot;Western Cham&quot;},
	[&quot;cje&quot;] = {&quot;Chru&quot;},
	[&quot;cjh&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Chehalis&quot;},
	[&quot;cji&quot;] = {&quot;Chamalal&quot;},
	[&quot;cjk&quot;] = {&quot;Chokwe&quot;},
	[&quot;cjm&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Cham&quot;},
	[&quot;cjn&quot;] = {&quot;Chenapian&quot;},
	[&quot;cjo&quot;] = {&quot;Ashéninka Pajonal&quot;},
	[&quot;cjp&quot;] = {&quot;Cabécar&quot;},
	[&quot;cjs&quot;] = {&quot;Shor&quot;},
	[&quot;cjv&quot;] = {&quot;Chuave&quot;},
	[&quot;cjy&quot;] = {&quot;Jinyu Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;ckb&quot;] = {&quot;Central Kurdish&quot;},
	[&quot;ckh&quot;] = {&quot;Chak&quot;},
	[&quot;ckl&quot;] = {&quot;Cibak&quot;},
	[&quot;ckn&quot;] = {&quot;Kaang Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cko&quot;] = {&quot;Anufo&quot;},
	[&quot;ckq&quot;] = {&quot;Kajakse&quot;},
	[&quot;ckr&quot;] = {&quot;Kairak&quot;},
	[&quot;cks&quot;] = {&quot;Tayo&quot;},
	[&quot;ckt&quot;] = {&quot;Chukot&quot;},
	[&quot;cku&quot;] = {&quot;Koasati&quot;},
	[&quot;ckv&quot;] = {&quot;Kavalan&quot;},
	[&quot;ckx&quot;] = {&quot;Caka&quot;},
	[&quot;cky&quot;] = {&quot;Cakfem-Mushere&quot;},
	[&quot;ckz&quot;] = {&quot;Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language&quot;},
	[&quot;cla&quot;] = {&quot;Ron&quot;},
	[&quot;clc&quot;] = {&quot;Chilcotin&quot;},
	[&quot;cld&quot;] = {&quot;Chaldean Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;cle&quot;] = {&quot;Lealao Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;clh&quot;] = {&quot;Chilisso&quot;},
	[&quot;cli&quot;] = {&quot;Chakali&quot;},
	[&quot;clj&quot;] = {&quot;Laitu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;clk&quot;] = {&quot;Idu-Mishmi&quot;},
	[&quot;cll&quot;] = {&quot;Chala&quot;},
	[&quot;clm&quot;] = {&quot;Clallam&quot;},
	[&quot;clo&quot;] = {&quot;Lowland Oaxaca Chontal&quot;},
	[&quot;clt&quot;] = {&quot;Lautu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;clu&quot;] = {&quot;Caluyanun&quot;},
	[&quot;clw&quot;] = {&quot;Chulym&quot;},
	[&quot;cly&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Highland Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;cma&quot;] = {&quot;Maa&quot;},
	[&quot;cmc&quot;] = {&quot;Chamic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;cme&quot;] = {&quot;Cerma&quot;},
	[&quot;cmg&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;cmi&quot;] = {&quot;Emberá-Chamí&quot;},
	[&quot;cml&quot;] = {&quot;Campalagian&quot;},
	[&quot;cmm&quot;] = {&quot;Michigamea&quot;},
	[&quot;cmn&quot;] = {&quot;Mandarin Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;cmo&quot;] = {&quot;Central Mnong&quot;},
	[&quot;cmr&quot;] = {&quot;Mro-Khimi Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cms&quot;] = {&quot;Messapic&quot;},
	[&quot;cmt&quot;] = {&quot;Camtho&quot;},
	[&quot;cna&quot;] = {&quot;Changthang&quot;},
	[&quot;cnb&quot;] = {&quot;Chinbon Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cnc&quot;] = {&quot;Côông&quot;},
	[&quot;cng&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Qiang&quot;},
	[&quot;cnh&quot;] = {&quot;Hakha Chin&quot;, &quot;Haka Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cni&quot;] = {&quot;Asháninka&quot;},
	[&quot;cnk&quot;] = {&quot;Khumi Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cnl&quot;] = {&quot;Lalana Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cno&quot;] = {&quot;Con&quot;},
	[&quot;cnr&quot;] = {&quot;Montenegrin&quot;},
	[&quot;cns&quot;] = {&quot;Central Asmat&quot;},
	[&quot;cnt&quot;] = {&quot;Tepetotutla Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cnu&quot;] = {&quot;Chenoua&quot;},
	[&quot;cnw&quot;] = {&quot;Ngawn Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cnx&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Cornish&quot;},
	[&quot;coa&quot;] = {&quot;Cocos Islands Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;cob&quot;] = {&quot;Chicomuceltec&quot;},
	[&quot;coc&quot;] = {&quot;Cocopa&quot;},
	[&quot;cod&quot;] = {&quot;Cocama-Cocamilla&quot;},
	[&quot;coe&quot;] = {&quot;Koreguaje&quot;},
	[&quot;cof&quot;] = {&quot;Colorado&quot;},
	[&quot;cog&quot;] = {&quot;Chong&quot;},
	[&quot;coh&quot;] = {&quot;Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma&quot;, &quot;Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma&quot;},
	[&quot;coj&quot;] = {&quot;Cochimi&quot;},
	[&quot;cok&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Teresa Cora&quot;},
	[&quot;col&quot;] = {&quot;Columbia-Wenatchi&quot;},
	[&quot;com&quot;] = {&quot;Comanche&quot;},
	[&quot;con&quot;] = {&quot;Cofán&quot;},
	[&quot;coo&quot;] = {&quot;Comox&quot;},
	[&quot;cop&quot;] = {&quot;Coptic&quot;},
	[&quot;coq&quot;] = {&quot;Coquille&quot;},
	[&quot;cot&quot;] = {&quot;Caquinte&quot;},
	[&quot;cou&quot;] = {&quot;Wamey&quot;},
	[&quot;cov&quot;] = {&quot;Cao Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;cow&quot;] = {&quot;Cowlitz&quot;},
	[&quot;cox&quot;] = {&quot;Nanti&quot;},
	[&quot;coz&quot;] = {&quot;Chochotec&quot;},
	[&quot;cpa&quot;] = {&quot;Palantla Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cpb&quot;] = {&quot;Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka&quot;},
	[&quot;cpc&quot;] = {&quot;Ajyíninka Apurucayali&quot;},
	[&quot;cpe&quot;] = {&quot;English-based creoles and pidgins&quot;},
	[&quot;cpf&quot;] = {&quot;French-based creoles and pidgins&quot;},
	[&quot;cpg&quot;] = {&quot;Cappadocian Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;cpi&quot;] = {&quot;Chinese Pidgin English&quot;},
	[&quot;cpn&quot;] = {&quot;Cherepon&quot;},
	[&quot;cpo&quot;] = {&quot;Kpeego&quot;},
	[&quot;cpp&quot;] = {&quot;Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins&quot;},
	[&quot;cps&quot;] = {&quot;Capiznon&quot;},
	[&quot;cpu&quot;] = {&quot;Pichis Ashéninka&quot;},
	[&quot;cpx&quot;] = {&quot;Pu-Xian Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;cpy&quot;] = {&quot;South Ucayali Ashéninka&quot;},
	[&quot;cqd&quot;] = {&quot;Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;cra&quot;] = {&quot;Chara&quot;},
	[&quot;crb&quot;] = {&quot;Island Carib&quot;},
	[&quot;crc&quot;] = {&quot;Lonwolwol&quot;},
	[&quot;crd&quot;] = {&quot;Coeur d'Alene&quot;},
	[&quot;crf&quot;] = {&quot;Caramanta&quot;},
	[&quot;crg&quot;] = {&quot;Michif&quot;},
	[&quot;crh&quot;] = {&quot;Crimean Tatar&quot;, &quot;Crimean Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;cri&quot;] = {&quot;Sãotomense&quot;},
	[&quot;crj&quot;] = {&quot;Southern East Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;crk&quot;] = {&quot;Plains Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;crl&quot;] = {&quot;Northern East Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;crm&quot;] = {&quot;Moose Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;crn&quot;] = {&quot;El Nayar Cora&quot;},
	[&quot;cro&quot;] = {&quot;Crow&quot;},
	[&quot;crp&quot;] = {&quot;Creoles and pidgins&quot;},
	[&quot;crq&quot;] = {&quot;Iyo'wujwa Chorote&quot;},
	[&quot;crr&quot;] = {&quot;Carolina Algonquian&quot;},
	[&quot;crs&quot;] = {&quot;Seselwa Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;crt&quot;] = {&quot;Iyojwa'ja Chorote&quot;},
	[&quot;crv&quot;] = {&quot;Chaura&quot;},
	[&quot;crw&quot;] = {&quot;Chrau&quot;},
	[&quot;crx&quot;] = {&quot;Carrier&quot;},
	[&quot;cry&quot;] = {&quot;Cori&quot;},
	[&quot;crz&quot;] = {&quot;Cruzeño&quot;},
	[&quot;csa&quot;] = {&quot;Chiltepec Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;csb&quot;] = {&quot;Kashubian&quot;},
	[&quot;csc&quot;] = {&quot;Catalan Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Lengua de señas catalana&quot;, &quot;Llengua de Signes Catalana&quot;},
	[&quot;csd&quot;] = {&quot;Chiangmai Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;cse&quot;] = {&quot;Czech Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csf&quot;] = {&quot;Cuba Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csg&quot;] = {&quot;Chilean Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csh&quot;] = {&quot;Asho Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;csi&quot;] = {&quot;Coast Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;csj&quot;] = {&quot;Songlai Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;csk&quot;] = {&quot;Jola-Kasa&quot;},
	[&quot;csl&quot;] = {&quot;Chinese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csm&quot;] = {&quot;Central Sierra Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;csn&quot;] = {&quot;Colombian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;cso&quot;] = {&quot;Sochiapam Chinantec&quot;, &quot;Sochiapan Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;csq&quot;] = {&quot;Croatia Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csr&quot;] = {&quot;Costa Rican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;css&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Ohlone&quot;},
	[&quot;cst&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Ohlone&quot;},
	[&quot;csu&quot;] = {&quot;Central Sudanic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;csv&quot;] = {&quot;Sumtu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;csw&quot;] = {&quot;Swampy Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;csy&quot;] = {&quot;Siyin Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;csz&quot;] = {&quot;Coos&quot;},
	[&quot;cta&quot;] = {&quot;Tataltepec Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;ctc&quot;] = {&quot;Chetco&quot;},
	[&quot;ctd&quot;] = {&quot;Tedim Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cte&quot;] = {&quot;Tepinapa Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;ctg&quot;] = {&quot;Chittagonian&quot;},
	[&quot;cth&quot;] = {&quot;Thaiphum Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;ctl&quot;] = {&quot;Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;ctm&quot;] = {&quot;Chitimacha&quot;},
	[&quot;ctn&quot;] = {&quot;Chhintange&quot;},
	[&quot;cto&quot;] = {&quot;Emberá-Catío&quot;},
	[&quot;ctp&quot;] = {&quot;Western Highland Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;cts&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Catanduanes Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;ctt&quot;] = {&quot;Wayanad Chetti&quot;},
	[&quot;ctu&quot;] = {&quot;Chol&quot;},
	[&quot;ctz&quot;] = {&quot;Zacatepec Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;cua&quot;] = {&quot;Cua&quot;},
	[&quot;cub&quot;] = {&quot;Cubeo&quot;},
	[&quot;cuc&quot;] = {&quot;Usila Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cug&quot;] = {&quot;Chungmboko&quot;, &quot;Cung&quot;},
	[&quot;cuh&quot;] = {&quot;Chuka&quot;, &quot;Gichuka&quot;},
	[&quot;cui&quot;] = {&quot;Cuiba&quot;},
	[&quot;cuj&quot;] = {&quot;Mashco Piro&quot;},
	[&quot;cuk&quot;] = {&quot;San Blas Kuna&quot;},
	[&quot;cul&quot;] = {&quot;Culina&quot;, &quot;Kulina&quot;},
	[&quot;cuo&quot;] = {&quot;Cumanagoto&quot;},
	[&quot;cup&quot;] = {&quot;Cupeño&quot;},
	[&quot;cuq&quot;] = {&quot;Cun&quot;},
	[&quot;cur&quot;] = {&quot;Chhulung&quot;},
	[&quot;cus&quot;] = {&quot;Cushitic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;cut&quot;] = {&quot;Teutila Cuicatec&quot;},
	[&quot;cuu&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Ya&quot;},
	[&quot;cuv&quot;] = {&quot;Cuvok&quot;},
	[&quot;cuw&quot;] = {&quot;Chukwa&quot;},
	[&quot;cux&quot;] = {&quot;Tepeuxila Cuicatec&quot;},
	[&quot;cuy&quot;] = {&quot;Cuitlatec&quot;},
	[&quot;cvg&quot;] = {&quot;Chug&quot;},
	[&quot;cvn&quot;] = {&quot;Valle Nacional Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cwa&quot;] = {&quot;Kabwa&quot;},
	[&quot;cwb&quot;] = {&quot;Maindo&quot;},
	[&quot;cwd&quot;] = {&quot;Woods Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;cwe&quot;] = {&quot;Kwere&quot;},
	[&quot;cwg&quot;] = {&quot;Chewong&quot;, &quot;Cheq Wong&quot;},
	[&quot;cwt&quot;] = {&quot;Kuwaataay&quot;},
	[&quot;cya&quot;] = {&quot;Nopala Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;cyb&quot;] = {&quot;Cayubaba&quot;},
	[&quot;cyo&quot;] = {&quot;Cuyonon&quot;},
	[&quot;czh&quot;] = {&quot;Huizhou Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;czk&quot;] = {&quot;Knaanic&quot;},
	[&quot;czn&quot;] = {&quot;Zenzontepec Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;czo&quot;] = {&quot;Min Zhong Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;czt&quot;] = {&quot;Zotung Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;daa&quot;] = {&quot;Dangaléat&quot;},
	[&quot;dac&quot;] = {&quot;Dambi&quot;},
	[&quot;dad&quot;] = {&quot;Marik&quot;},
	[&quot;dae&quot;] = {&quot;Duupa&quot;},
	[&quot;dag&quot;] = {&quot;Dagbani&quot;},
	[&quot;dah&quot;] = {&quot;Gwahatike&quot;},
	[&quot;dai&quot;] = {&quot;Day&quot;},
	[&quot;daj&quot;] = {&quot;Dar Fur Daju&quot;},
	[&quot;dak&quot;] = {&quot;Dakota&quot;},
	[&quot;dal&quot;] = {&quot;Dahalo&quot;},
	[&quot;dam&quot;] = {&quot;Damakawa&quot;},
	[&quot;dao&quot;] = {&quot;Daai Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;daq&quot;] = {&quot;Dandami Maria&quot;},
	[&quot;dar&quot;] = {&quot;Dargwa&quot;},
	[&quot;das&quot;] = {&quot;Daho-Doo&quot;},
	[&quot;dau&quot;] = {&quot;Dar Sila Daju&quot;},
	[&quot;dav&quot;] = {&quot;Taita&quot;, &quot;Dawida&quot;},
	[&quot;daw&quot;] = {&quot;Davawenyo&quot;},
	[&quot;dax&quot;] = {&quot;Dayi&quot;},
	[&quot;day&quot;] = {&quot;Land Dayak languages&quot;},
	[&quot;daz&quot;] = {&quot;Dao&quot;},
	[&quot;dba&quot;] = {&quot;Bangime&quot;},
	[&quot;dbb&quot;] = {&quot;Deno&quot;},
	[&quot;dbd&quot;] = {&quot;Dadiya&quot;},
	[&quot;dbe&quot;] = {&quot;Dabe&quot;},
	[&quot;dbf&quot;] = {&quot;Edopi&quot;},
	[&quot;dbg&quot;] = {&quot;Dogul Dom Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dbi&quot;] = {&quot;Doka&quot;},
	[&quot;dbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ida'an&quot;},
	[&quot;dbl&quot;] = {&quot;Dyirbal&quot;},
	[&quot;dbm&quot;] = {&quot;Duguri&quot;},
	[&quot;dbn&quot;] = {&quot;Duriankere&quot;},
	[&quot;dbo&quot;] = {&quot;Dulbu&quot;},
	[&quot;dbp&quot;] = {&quot;Duwai&quot;},
	[&quot;dbq&quot;] = {&quot;Daba&quot;},
	[&quot;dbr&quot;] = {&quot;Dabarre&quot;},
	[&quot;dbt&quot;] = {&quot;Ben Tey Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dbu&quot;] = {&quot;Bondum Dom Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dbv&quot;] = {&quot;Dungu&quot;},
	[&quot;dbw&quot;] = {&quot;Bankan Tey Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dby&quot;] = {&quot;Dibiyaso&quot;},
	[&quot;dcc&quot;] = {&quot;Deccan&quot;},
	[&quot;dcr&quot;] = {&quot;Negerhollands&quot;},
	[&quot;dda&quot;] = {&quot;Dadi Dadi&quot;},
	[&quot;ddd&quot;] = {&quot;Dongotono&quot;},
	[&quot;dde&quot;] = {&quot;Doondo&quot;},
	[&quot;ddg&quot;] = {&quot;Fataluku&quot;},
	[&quot;ddi&quot;] = {&quot;West Goodenough&quot;},
	[&quot;ddj&quot;] = {&quot;Jaru&quot;},
	[&quot;ddn&quot;] = {&quot;Dendi (Benin)&quot;},
	[&quot;ddo&quot;] = {&quot;Dido&quot;},
	[&quot;ddr&quot;] = {&quot;Dhudhuroa&quot;},
	[&quot;dds&quot;] = {&quot;Donno So Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;ddw&quot;] = {&quot;Dawera-Daweloor&quot;},
	[&quot;dec&quot;] = {&quot;Dagik&quot;},
	[&quot;ded&quot;] = {&quot;Dedua&quot;},
	[&quot;dee&quot;] = {&quot;Dewoin&quot;},
	[&quot;def&quot;] = {&quot;Dezfuli&quot;},
	[&quot;deg&quot;] = {&quot;Degema&quot;},
	[&quot;deh&quot;] = {&quot;Dehwari&quot;},
	[&quot;dei&quot;] = {&quot;Demisa&quot;},
	[&quot;dek&quot;] = {&quot;Dek&quot;},
	[&quot;del&quot;] = {&quot;Delaware&quot;},
	[&quot;dem&quot;] = {&quot;Dem&quot;},
	[&quot;den&quot;] = {&quot;Slave (Athapascan)&quot;},
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = {&quot;Pidgin Delaware&quot;},
	[&quot;deq&quot;] = {&quot;Dendi (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;der&quot;] = {&quot;Deori&quot;},
	[&quot;des&quot;] = {&quot;Desano&quot;},
	[&quot;dev&quot;] = {&quot;Domung&quot;},
	[&quot;dez&quot;] = {&quot;Dengese&quot;},
	[&quot;dga&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Dagaare&quot;},
	[&quot;dgb&quot;] = {&quot;Bunoge Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dgc&quot;] = {&quot;Casiguran Dumagat Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;dgd&quot;] = {&quot;Dagaari Dioula&quot;},
	[&quot;dge&quot;] = {&quot;Degenan&quot;},
	[&quot;dgg&quot;] = {&quot;Doga&quot;},
	[&quot;dgh&quot;] = {&quot;Dghwede&quot;},
	[&quot;dgi&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Dagara&quot;},
	[&quot;dgk&quot;] = {&quot;Dagba&quot;},
	[&quot;dgl&quot;] = {&quot;Andaandi&quot;, &quot;Dongolawi&quot;},
	[&quot;dgn&quot;] = {&quot;Dagoman&quot;},
	[&quot;dgo&quot;] = {&quot;Dogri (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;dgr&quot;] = {&quot;Dogrib&quot;},
	[&quot;dgs&quot;] = {&quot;Dogoso&quot;},
	[&quot;dgt&quot;] = {&quot;Ndra'ngith&quot;},
	[&quot;dgu&quot;] = {&quot;Degaru&quot;},
	[&quot;dgw&quot;] = {&quot;Daungwurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;dgx&quot;] = {&quot;Doghoro&quot;},
	[&quot;dgz&quot;] = {&quot;Daga&quot;},
	[&quot;dhd&quot;] = {&quot;Dhundari&quot;},
	[&quot;dhg&quot;] = {&quot;Dhangu-Djangu&quot;, &quot;Dhangu&quot;, &quot;Djangu&quot;},
	[&quot;dhi&quot;] = {&quot;Dhimal&quot;},
	[&quot;dhl&quot;] = {&quot;Dhalandji&quot;},
	[&quot;dhm&quot;] = {&quot;Zemba&quot;},
	[&quot;dhn&quot;] = {&quot;Dhanki&quot;},
	[&quot;dho&quot;] = {&quot;Dhodia&quot;},
	[&quot;dhr&quot;] = {&quot;Dhargari&quot;},
	[&quot;dhs&quot;] = {&quot;Dhaiso&quot;},
	[&quot;dhu&quot;] = {&quot;Dhurga&quot;},
	[&quot;dhv&quot;] = {&quot;Dehu&quot;, &quot;Drehu&quot;},
	[&quot;dhw&quot;] = {&quot;Dhanwar (Nepal)&quot;},
	[&quot;dhx&quot;] = {&quot;Dhungaloo&quot;},
	[&quot;dia&quot;] = {&quot;Dia&quot;},
	[&quot;dib&quot;] = {&quot;South Central Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dic&quot;] = {&quot;Lakota Dida&quot;},
	[&quot;did&quot;] = {&quot;Didinga&quot;},
	[&quot;dif&quot;] = {&quot;Dieri&quot;},
	[&quot;dig&quot;] = {&quot;Digo&quot;, &quot;Chidigo&quot;},
	[&quot;dih&quot;] = {&quot;Kumiai&quot;},
	[&quot;dii&quot;] = {&quot;Dimbong&quot;},
	[&quot;dij&quot;] = {&quot;Dai&quot;},
	[&quot;dik&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dil&quot;] = {&quot;Dilling&quot;},
	[&quot;dim&quot;] = {&quot;Dime&quot;},
	[&quot;din&quot;] = {&quot;Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dio&quot;] = {&quot;Dibo&quot;},
	[&quot;dip&quot;] = {&quot;Northeastern Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;diq&quot;] = {&quot;Dimli (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;dir&quot;] = {&quot;Dirim&quot;},
	[&quot;dis&quot;] = {&quot;Dimasa&quot;},
	[&quot;dit&quot;] = {&quot;Dirari&quot;},
	[&quot;diu&quot;] = {&quot;Diriku&quot;},
	[&quot;diw&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dix&quot;] = {&quot;Dixon Reef&quot;},
	[&quot;diy&quot;] = {&quot;Diuwe&quot;},
	[&quot;diz&quot;] = {&quot;Ding&quot;},
	[&quot;dja&quot;] = {&quot;Djadjawurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;djb&quot;] = {&quot;Djinba&quot;},
	[&quot;djc&quot;] = {&quot;Dar Daju Daju&quot;},
	[&quot;djd&quot;] = {&quot;Djamindjung&quot;},
	[&quot;dje&quot;] = {&quot;Zarma&quot;},
	[&quot;djf&quot;] = {&quot;Djangun&quot;},
	[&quot;dji&quot;] = {&quot;Djinang&quot;},
	[&quot;djj&quot;] = {&quot;Djeebbana&quot;},
	[&quot;djk&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Maroon Creole&quot;, &quot;Businenge Tongo&quot;, &quot;Nenge&quot;},
	[&quot;djm&quot;] = {&quot;Jamsay Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;djn&quot;] = {&quot;Djauan&quot;},
	[&quot;djo&quot;] = {&quot;Jangkang&quot;},
	[&quot;djr&quot;] = {&quot;Djambarrpuyngu&quot;},
	[&quot;dju&quot;] = {&quot;Kapriman&quot;},
	[&quot;djw&quot;] = {&quot;Djawi&quot;},
	[&quot;dka&quot;] = {&quot;Dakpakha&quot;},
	[&quot;dkk&quot;] = {&quot;Dakka&quot;},
	[&quot;dkr&quot;] = {&quot;Kuijau&quot;},
	[&quot;dks&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dkx&quot;] = {&quot;Mazagway&quot;},
	[&quot;dlg&quot;] = {&quot;Dolgan&quot;},
	[&quot;dlk&quot;] = {&quot;Dahalik&quot;},
	[&quot;dlm&quot;] = {&quot;Dalmatian&quot;},
	[&quot;dln&quot;] = {&quot;Darlong&quot;},
	[&quot;dma&quot;] = {&quot;Duma&quot;},
	[&quot;dmb&quot;] = {&quot;Mombo Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dmc&quot;] = {&quot;Gavak&quot;},
	[&quot;dmd&quot;] = {&quot;Madhi Madhi&quot;},
	[&quot;dme&quot;] = {&quot;Dugwor&quot;},
	[&quot;dmg&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Kinabatangan&quot;},
	[&quot;dmk&quot;] = {&quot;Domaaki&quot;},
	[&quot;dml&quot;] = {&quot;Dameli&quot;},
	[&quot;dmm&quot;] = {&quot;Dama&quot;},
	[&quot;dmn&quot;] = {&quot;Mande languages&quot;},
	[&quot;dmo&quot;] = {&quot;Kemedzung&quot;},
	[&quot;dmr&quot;] = {&quot;East Damar&quot;},
	[&quot;dms&quot;] = {&quot;Dampelas&quot;},
	[&quot;dmu&quot;] = {&quot;Dubu&quot;, &quot;Tebi&quot;},
	[&quot;dmv&quot;] = {&quot;Dumpas&quot;},
	[&quot;dmw&quot;] = {&quot;Mudburra&quot;},
	[&quot;dmx&quot;] = {&quot;Dema&quot;},
	[&quot;dmy&quot;] = {&quot;Demta&quot;, &quot;Sowari&quot;},
	[&quot;dna&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Grand Valley Dani&quot;},
	[&quot;dnd&quot;] = {&quot;Daonda&quot;},
	[&quot;dne&quot;] = {&quot;Ndendeule&quot;},
	[&quot;dng&quot;] = {&quot;Dungan&quot;},
	[&quot;dni&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Grand Valley Dani&quot;},
	[&quot;dnj&quot;] = {&quot;Dan&quot;},
	[&quot;dnk&quot;] = {&quot;Dengka&quot;},
	[&quot;dnn&quot;] = {&quot;Dzùùngoo&quot;},
	[&quot;dnr&quot;] = {&quot;Danaru&quot;},
	[&quot;dnt&quot;] = {&quot;Mid Grand Valley Dani&quot;},
	[&quot;dnu&quot;] = {&quot;Danau&quot;},
	[&quot;dnv&quot;] = {&quot;Danu&quot;},
	[&quot;dnw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Dani&quot;},
	[&quot;dny&quot;] = {&quot;Dení&quot;},
	[&quot;doa&quot;] = {&quot;Dom&quot;},
	[&quot;dob&quot;] = {&quot;Dobu&quot;},
	[&quot;doc&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Dong&quot;},
	[&quot;doe&quot;] = {&quot;Doe&quot;},
	[&quot;dof&quot;] = {&quot;Domu&quot;},
	[&quot;doh&quot;] = {&quot;Dong&quot;},
	[&quot;doi&quot;] = {&quot;Dogri (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;dok&quot;] = {&quot;Dondo&quot;},
	[&quot;dol&quot;] = {&quot;Doso&quot;},
	[&quot;don&quot;] = {&quot;Toura (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;doo&quot;] = {&quot;Dongo&quot;},
	[&quot;dop&quot;] = {&quot;Lukpa&quot;},
	[&quot;doq&quot;] = {&quot;Dominican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;dor&quot;] = {&quot;Dori'o&quot;},
	[&quot;dos&quot;] = {&quot;Dogosé&quot;},
	[&quot;dot&quot;] = {&quot;Dass&quot;},
	[&quot;dov&quot;] = {&quot;Dombe&quot;},
	[&quot;dow&quot;] = {&quot;Doyayo&quot;},
	[&quot;dox&quot;] = {&quot;Bussa&quot;},
	[&quot;doy&quot;] = {&quot;Dompo&quot;},
	[&quot;doz&quot;] = {&quot;Dorze&quot;},
	[&quot;dpp&quot;] = {&quot;Papar&quot;},
	[&quot;dra&quot;] = {&quot;Dravidian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;drb&quot;] = {&quot;Dair&quot;},
	[&quot;drc&quot;] = {&quot;Minderico&quot;},
	[&quot;drd&quot;] = {&quot;Darmiya&quot;},
	[&quot;dre&quot;] = {&quot;Dolpo&quot;},
	[&quot;drg&quot;] = {&quot;Rungus&quot;},
	[&quot;dri&quot;] = {&quot;C'Lela&quot;},
	[&quot;drl&quot;] = {&quot;Paakantyi&quot;},
	[&quot;drn&quot;] = {&quot;West Damar&quot;},
	[&quot;dro&quot;] = {&quot;Daro-Matu Melanau&quot;},
	[&quot;drq&quot;] = {&quot;Dura&quot;},
	[&quot;drr&quot;] = {&quot;Dororo&quot;},
	[&quot;drs&quot;] = {&quot;Gedeo&quot;},
	[&quot;drt&quot;] = {&quot;Drents&quot;},
	[&quot;dru&quot;] = {&quot;Rukai&quot;},
	[&quot;dry&quot;] = {&quot;Darai&quot;},
	[&quot;dsb&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Sorbian&quot;},
	[&quot;dse&quot;] = {&quot;Dutch Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;dsh&quot;] = {&quot;Daasanach&quot;},
	[&quot;dsi&quot;] = {&quot;Disa&quot;},
	[&quot;dsl&quot;] = {&quot;Danish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;dsn&quot;] = {&quot;Dusner&quot;},
	[&quot;dso&quot;] = {&quot;Desiya&quot;},
	[&quot;dsq&quot;] = {&quot;Tadaksahak&quot;},
	[&quot;dta&quot;] = {&quot;Daur&quot;},
	[&quot;dtb&quot;] = {&quot;Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan&quot;},
	[&quot;dtd&quot;] = {&quot;Ditidaht&quot;},
	[&quot;dth&quot;] = {&quot;Adithinngithigh&quot;},
	[&quot;dti&quot;] = {&quot;Ana Tinga Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtk&quot;] = {&quot;Tene Kan Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtm&quot;] = {&quot;Tomo Kan Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtn&quot;] = {&quot;Daatsʼíin&quot;},
	[&quot;dto&quot;] = {&quot;Tommo So Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtp&quot;] = {&quot;Kadazan Dusun&quot;, &quot;Central Dusun&quot;},
	[&quot;dtr&quot;] = {&quot;Lotud&quot;},
	[&quot;dts&quot;] = {&quot;Toro So Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtt&quot;] = {&quot;Toro Tegu Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtu&quot;] = {&quot;Tebul Ure Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dty&quot;] = {&quot;Dotyali&quot;},
	[&quot;dua&quot;] = {&quot;Duala&quot;},
	[&quot;dub&quot;] = {&quot;Dubli&quot;},
	[&quot;duc&quot;] = {&quot;Duna&quot;},
	[&quot;dud&quot;] = {&quot;Hun-Saare&quot;},
	[&quot;due&quot;] = {&quot;Umiray Dumaget Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;duf&quot;] = {&quot;Dumbea&quot;, &quot;Drubea&quot;},
	[&quot;dug&quot;] = {&quot;Duruma&quot;, &quot;Chiduruma&quot;},
	[&quot;duh&quot;] = {&quot;Dungra Bhil&quot;},
	[&quot;dui&quot;] = {&quot;Dumun&quot;},
	[&quot;duk&quot;] = {&quot;Uyajitaya&quot;},
	[&quot;dul&quot;] = {&quot;Alabat Island Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;dum&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)&quot;},
	[&quot;dun&quot;] = {&quot;Dusun Deyah&quot;},
	[&quot;duo&quot;] = {&quot;Dupaninan Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;dup&quot;] = {&quot;Duano&quot;},
	[&quot;duq&quot;] = {&quot;Dusun Malang&quot;},
	[&quot;dur&quot;] = {&quot;Dii&quot;},
	[&quot;dus&quot;] = {&quot;Dumi&quot;},
	[&quot;duu&quot;] = {&quot;Drung&quot;},
	[&quot;duv&quot;] = {&quot;Duvle&quot;},
	[&quot;duw&quot;] = {&quot;Dusun Witu&quot;},
	[&quot;dux&quot;] = {&quot;Duungooma&quot;},
	[&quot;duy&quot;] = {&quot;Dicamay Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;duz&quot;] = {&quot;Duli-Gey&quot;},
	[&quot;dva&quot;] = {&quot;Duau&quot;},
	[&quot;dwa&quot;] = {&quot;Diri&quot;},
	[&quot;dwr&quot;] = {&quot;Dawro&quot;},
	[&quot;dws&quot;] = {&quot;Dutton World Speedwords&quot;},
	[&quot;dwu&quot;] = {&quot;Dhuwal&quot;},
	[&quot;dww&quot;] = {&quot;Dawawa&quot;},
	[&quot;dwy&quot;] = {&quot;Dhuwaya&quot;},
	[&quot;dya&quot;] = {&quot;Dyan&quot;},
	[&quot;dyb&quot;] = {&quot;Dyaberdyaber&quot;},
	[&quot;dyd&quot;] = {&quot;Dyugun&quot;},
	[&quot;dyg&quot;] = {&quot;Villa Viciosa Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;dyi&quot;] = {&quot;Djimini Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;dym&quot;] = {&quot;Yanda Dom Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dyn&quot;] = {&quot;Dyangadi&quot;},
	[&quot;dyo&quot;] = {&quot;Jola-Fonyi&quot;},
	[&quot;dyu&quot;] = {&quot;Dyula&quot;},
	[&quot;dyy&quot;] = {&quot;Dyaabugay&quot;},
	[&quot;dza&quot;] = {&quot;Tunzu&quot;},
	[&quot;dze&quot;] = {&quot;Djiwarli&quot;},
	[&quot;dzg&quot;] = {&quot;Dazaga&quot;},
	[&quot;dzl&quot;] = {&quot;Dzalakha&quot;},
	[&quot;dzn&quot;] = {&quot;Dzando&quot;},
	[&quot;eaa&quot;] = {&quot;Karenggapa&quot;},
	[&quot;ebg&quot;] = {&quot;Ebughu&quot;},
	[&quot;ebk&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;ebo&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Ebo&quot;},
	[&quot;ebr&quot;] = {&quot;Ebrié&quot;},
	[&quot;ebu&quot;] = {&quot;Embu&quot;, &quot;Kiembu&quot;},
	[&quot;ecr&quot;] = {&quot;Eteocretan&quot;},
	[&quot;ecs&quot;] = {&quot;Ecuadorian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ecy&quot;] = {&quot;Eteocypriot&quot;},
	[&quot;eee&quot;] = {&quot;E&quot;},
	[&quot;efa&quot;] = {&quot;Efai&quot;},
	[&quot;efe&quot;] = {&quot;Efe&quot;},
	[&quot;efi&quot;] = {&quot;Efik&quot;},
	[&quot;ega&quot;] = {&quot;Ega&quot;},
	[&quot;egl&quot;] = {&quot;Emilian&quot;},
	[&quot;ego&quot;] = {&quot;Eggon&quot;},
	[&quot;egx&quot;] = {&quot;Egyptian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;egy&quot;] = {&quot;Egyptian (Ancient)&quot;},
	[&quot;ehu&quot;] = {&quot;Ehueun&quot;},
	[&quot;eip&quot;] = {&quot;Eipomek&quot;},
	[&quot;eit&quot;] = {&quot;Eitiep&quot;},
	[&quot;eiv&quot;] = {&quot;Askopan&quot;},
	[&quot;eja&quot;] = {&quot;Ejamat&quot;},
	[&quot;eka&quot;] = {&quot;Ekajuk&quot;},
	[&quot;ekc&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Karnic&quot;},
	[&quot;eke&quot;] = {&quot;Ekit&quot;},
	[&quot;ekg&quot;] = {&quot;Ekari&quot;},
	[&quot;eki&quot;] = {&quot;Eki&quot;},
	[&quot;ekk&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Estonian&quot;},
	[&quot;ekl&quot;] = {&quot;Kol (Bangladesh)&quot;, &quot;Kol&quot;},
	[&quot;ekm&quot;] = {&quot;Elip&quot;},
	[&quot;eko&quot;] = {&quot;Koti&quot;},
	[&quot;ekp&quot;] = {&quot;Ekpeye&quot;},
	[&quot;ekr&quot;] = {&quot;Yace&quot;},
	[&quot;eky&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Kayah&quot;},
	[&quot;ele&quot;] = {&quot;Elepi&quot;},
	[&quot;elh&quot;] = {&quot;El Hugeirat&quot;},
	[&quot;eli&quot;] = {&quot;Nding&quot;},
	[&quot;elk&quot;] = {&quot;Elkei&quot;},
	[&quot;elm&quot;] = {&quot;Eleme&quot;},
	[&quot;elo&quot;] = {&quot;El Molo&quot;},
	[&quot;elu&quot;] = {&quot;Elu&quot;},
	[&quot;elx&quot;] = {&quot;Elamite&quot;},
	[&quot;ema&quot;] = {&quot;Emai-Iuleha-Ora&quot;},
	[&quot;emb&quot;] = {&quot;Embaloh&quot;},
	[&quot;eme&quot;] = {&quot;Emerillon&quot;},
	[&quot;emg&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Meohang&quot;},
	[&quot;emi&quot;] = {&quot;Mussau-Emira&quot;},
	[&quot;emk&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Maninkakan&quot;},
	[&quot;emm&quot;] = {&quot;Mamulique&quot;},
	[&quot;emn&quot;] = {&quot;Eman&quot;},
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Emberá&quot;},
	[&quot;ems&quot;] = {&quot;Pacific Gulf Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;emu&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Muria&quot;},
	[&quot;emw&quot;] = {&quot;Emplawas&quot;},
	[&quot;emx&quot;] = {&quot;Erromintxela&quot;},
	[&quot;emy&quot;] = {&quot;Epigraphic Mayan&quot;},
	[&quot;ena&quot;] = {&quot;Apali&quot;},
	[&quot;enb&quot;] = {&quot;Markweeta&quot;},
	[&quot;enc&quot;] = {&quot;En&quot;},
	[&quot;end&quot;] = {&quot;Ende&quot;},
	[&quot;enf&quot;] = {&quot;Forest Enets&quot;},
	[&quot;enh&quot;] = {&quot;Tundra Enets&quot;},
	[&quot;enl&quot;] = {&quot;Enlhet&quot;},
	[&quot;enm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle English (1100-1500)&quot;},
	[&quot;enn&quot;] = {&quot;Engenni&quot;},
	[&quot;eno&quot;] = {&quot;Enggano&quot;},
	[&quot;enq&quot;] = {&quot;Enga&quot;},
	[&quot;enr&quot;] = {&quot;Emumu&quot;, &quot;Emem&quot;},
	[&quot;enu&quot;] = {&quot;Enu&quot;},
	[&quot;env&quot;] = {&quot;Enwan (Edu State)&quot;},
	[&quot;enw&quot;] = {&quot;Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)&quot;},
	[&quot;enx&quot;] = {&quot;Enxet&quot;},
	[&quot;eot&quot;] = {&quot;Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)&quot;},
	[&quot;epi&quot;] = {&quot;Epie&quot;},
	[&quot;era&quot;] = {&quot;Eravallan&quot;},
	[&quot;erg&quot;] = {&quot;Sie&quot;},
	[&quot;erh&quot;] = {&quot;Eruwa&quot;},
	[&quot;eri&quot;] = {&quot;Ogea&quot;},
	[&quot;erk&quot;] = {&quot;South Efate&quot;},
	[&quot;ero&quot;] = {&quot;Horpa&quot;},
	[&quot;err&quot;] = {&quot;Erre&quot;},
	[&quot;ers&quot;] = {&quot;Ersu&quot;},
	[&quot;ert&quot;] = {&quot;Eritai&quot;},
	[&quot;erw&quot;] = {&quot;Erokwanas&quot;},
	[&quot;ese&quot;] = {&quot;Ese Ejja&quot;},
	[&quot;esg&quot;] = {&quot;Aheri Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;esh&quot;] = {&quot;Eshtehardi&quot;},
	[&quot;esi&quot;] = {&quot;North Alaskan Inupiatun&quot;},
	[&quot;esk&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Alaska Inupiatun&quot;},
	[&quot;esl&quot;] = {&quot;Egypt Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;esm&quot;] = {&quot;Esuma&quot;},
	[&quot;esn&quot;] = {&quot;Salvadoran Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;eso&quot;] = {&quot;Estonian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;esq&quot;] = {&quot;Esselen&quot;},
	[&quot;ess&quot;] = {&quot;Central Siberian Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;esu&quot;] = {&quot;Central Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;esx&quot;] = {&quot;Eskimo-Aleut languages&quot;},
	[&quot;esy&quot;] = {&quot;Eskayan&quot;},
	[&quot;etb&quot;] = {&quot;Etebi&quot;},
	[&quot;etc&quot;] = {&quot;Etchemin&quot;},
	[&quot;eth&quot;] = {&quot;Ethiopian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;etn&quot;] = {&quot;Eton (Vanuatu)&quot;},
	[&quot;eto&quot;] = {&quot;Eton (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;etr&quot;] = {&quot;Edolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ets&quot;] = {&quot;Yekhee&quot;},
	[&quot;ett&quot;] = {&quot;Etruscan&quot;},
	[&quot;etu&quot;] = {&quot;Ejagham&quot;},
	[&quot;etx&quot;] = {&quot;Eten&quot;},
	[&quot;etz&quot;] = {&quot;Semimi&quot;},
	[&quot;euq&quot;] = {&quot;Basque (family)&quot;},
	[&quot;eve&quot;] = {&quot;Even&quot;},
	[&quot;evh&quot;] = {&quot;Uvbie&quot;},
	[&quot;evn&quot;] = {&quot;Evenki&quot;},
	[&quot;ewo&quot;] = {&quot;Ewondo&quot;},
	[&quot;ext&quot;] = {&quot;Extremaduran&quot;},
	[&quot;eya&quot;] = {&quot;Eyak&quot;},
	[&quot;eyo&quot;] = {&quot;Keiyo&quot;},
	[&quot;eza&quot;] = {&quot;Ezaa&quot;},
	[&quot;eze&quot;] = {&quot;Uzekwe&quot;},
	[&quot;faa&quot;] = {&quot;Fasu&quot;},
	[&quot;fab&quot;] = {&quot;Fa d'Ambu&quot;},
	[&quot;fad&quot;] = {&quot;Wagi&quot;},
	[&quot;faf&quot;] = {&quot;Fagani&quot;},
	[&quot;fag&quot;] = {&quot;Finongan&quot;},
	[&quot;fah&quot;] = {&quot;Baissa Fali&quot;},
	[&quot;fai&quot;] = {&quot;Faiwol&quot;},
	[&quot;faj&quot;] = {&quot;Faita&quot;},
	[&quot;fak&quot;] = {&quot;Fang (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;fal&quot;] = {&quot;South Fali&quot;},
	[&quot;fam&quot;] = {&quot;Fam&quot;},
	[&quot;fan&quot;] = {&quot;Fang (Equatorial Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;fap&quot;] = {&quot;Paloor&quot;},
	[&quot;far&quot;] = {&quot;Fataleka&quot;},
	[&quot;fat&quot;] = {&quot;Fanti&quot;},
	[&quot;fau&quot;] = {&quot;Fayu&quot;},
	[&quot;fax&quot;] = {&quot;Fala&quot;},
	[&quot;fay&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Fars&quot;},
	[&quot;faz&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Fars&quot;},
	[&quot;fbl&quot;] = {&quot;West Albay Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;fcs&quot;] = {&quot;Quebec Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;fer&quot;] = {&quot;Feroge&quot;},
	[&quot;ffi&quot;] = {&quot;Foia Foia&quot;},
	[&quot;ffm&quot;] = {&quot;Maasina Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fgr&quot;] = {&quot;Fongoro&quot;},
	[&quot;fia&quot;] = {&quot;Nobiin&quot;},
	[&quot;fie&quot;] = {&quot;Fyer&quot;},
	[&quot;fil&quot;] = {&quot;Filipino&quot;, &quot;Pilipino&quot;},
	[&quot;fip&quot;] = {&quot;Fipa&quot;},
	[&quot;fir&quot;] = {&quot;Firan&quot;},
	[&quot;fit&quot;] = {&quot;Tornedalen Finnish&quot;},
	[&quot;fiu&quot;] = {&quot;Finno-Ugrian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;fiw&quot;] = {&quot;Fiwaga&quot;},
	[&quot;fkk&quot;] = {&quot;Kirya-Konzəl&quot;},
	[&quot;fkv&quot;] = {&quot;Kven Finnish&quot;},
	[&quot;fla&quot;] = {&quot;Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille&quot;},
	[&quot;flh&quot;] = {&quot;Foau&quot;},
	[&quot;fli&quot;] = {&quot;Fali&quot;},
	[&quot;fll&quot;] = {&quot;North Fali&quot;},
	[&quot;fln&quot;] = {&quot;Flinders Island&quot;},
	[&quot;flr&quot;] = {&quot;Fuliiru&quot;},
	[&quot;fly&quot;] = {&quot;Flaaitaal&quot;, &quot;Tsotsitaal&quot;},
	[&quot;fmp&quot;] = {&quot;Fe'fe'&quot;},
	[&quot;fmu&quot;] = {&quot;Far Western Muria&quot;},
	[&quot;fnb&quot;] = {&quot;Fanbak&quot;},
	[&quot;fng&quot;] = {&quot;Fanagalo&quot;},
	[&quot;fni&quot;] = {&quot;Fania&quot;},
	[&quot;fod&quot;] = {&quot;Foodo&quot;},
	[&quot;foi&quot;] = {&quot;Foi&quot;},
	[&quot;fom&quot;] = {&quot;Foma&quot;},
	[&quot;fon&quot;] = {&quot;Fon&quot;},
	[&quot;for&quot;] = {&quot;Fore&quot;},
	[&quot;fos&quot;] = {&quot;Siraya&quot;},
	[&quot;fox&quot;] = {&quot;Formosan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;fpe&quot;] = {&quot;Fernando Po Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;fqs&quot;] = {&quot;Fas&quot;},
	[&quot;frc&quot;] = {&quot;Cajun French&quot;},
	[&quot;frd&quot;] = {&quot;Fordata&quot;},
	[&quot;frk&quot;] = {&quot;Frankish&quot;},
	[&quot;frm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)&quot;},
	[&quot;fro&quot;] = {&quot;Old French (842-ca. 1400)&quot;},
	[&quot;frp&quot;] = {&quot;Arpitan&quot;, &quot;Francoprovençal&quot;},
	[&quot;frq&quot;] = {&quot;Forak&quot;},
	[&quot;frr&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Frisian&quot;},
	[&quot;frs&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Frisian&quot;},
	[&quot;frt&quot;] = {&quot;Fortsenal&quot;},
	[&quot;fse&quot;] = {&quot;Finnish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;fsl&quot;] = {&quot;French Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;fss&quot;] = {&quot;Finland-Swedish Sign Language&quot;, &quot;finlandssvenskt teckenspråk&quot;, &quot;suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli&quot;},
	[&quot;fub&quot;] = {&quot;Adamawa Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fuc&quot;] = {&quot;Pulaar&quot;},
	[&quot;fud&quot;] = {&quot;East Futuna&quot;},
	[&quot;fue&quot;] = {&quot;Borgu Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fuf&quot;] = {&quot;Pular&quot;},
	[&quot;fuh&quot;] = {&quot;Western Niger Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fui&quot;] = {&quot;Bagirmi Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fuj&quot;] = {&quot;Ko&quot;},
	[&quot;fum&quot;] = {&quot;Fum&quot;},
	[&quot;fun&quot;] = {&quot;Fulniô&quot;},
	[&quot;fuq&quot;] = {&quot;Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fur&quot;] = {&quot;Friulian&quot;},
	[&quot;fut&quot;] = {&quot;Futuna-Aniwa&quot;},
	[&quot;fuu&quot;] = {&quot;Furu&quot;},
	[&quot;fuv&quot;] = {&quot;Nigerian Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fuy&quot;] = {&quot;Fuyug&quot;},
	[&quot;fvr&quot;] = {&quot;Fur&quot;},
	[&quot;fwa&quot;] = {&quot;Fwâi&quot;},
	[&quot;fwe&quot;] = {&quot;Fwe&quot;},
	[&quot;gaa&quot;] = {&quot;Ga&quot;},
	[&quot;gab&quot;] = {&quot;Gabri&quot;},
	[&quot;gac&quot;] = {&quot;Mixed Great Andamanese&quot;},
	[&quot;gad&quot;] = {&quot;Gaddang&quot;},
	[&quot;gae&quot;] = {&quot;Guarequena&quot;},
	[&quot;gaf&quot;] = {&quot;Gende&quot;},
	[&quot;gag&quot;] = {&quot;Gagauz&quot;},
	[&quot;gah&quot;] = {&quot;Alekano&quot;},
	[&quot;gai&quot;] = {&quot;Borei&quot;},
	[&quot;gaj&quot;] = {&quot;Gadsup&quot;},
	[&quot;gak&quot;] = {&quot;Gamkonora&quot;},
	[&quot;gal&quot;] = {&quot;Galolen&quot;},
	[&quot;gam&quot;] = {&quot;Kandawo&quot;},
	[&quot;gan&quot;] = {&quot;Gan Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;gao&quot;] = {&quot;Gants&quot;},
	[&quot;gap&quot;] = {&quot;Gal&quot;},
	[&quot;gaq&quot;] = {&quot;Gata'&quot;},
	[&quot;gar&quot;] = {&quot;Galeya&quot;},
	[&quot;gas&quot;] = {&quot;Adiwasi Garasia&quot;},
	[&quot;gat&quot;] = {&quot;Kenati&quot;},
	[&quot;gau&quot;] = {&quot;Mudhili Gadaba&quot;},
	[&quot;gaw&quot;] = {&quot;Nobonob&quot;},
	[&quot;gax&quot;] = {&quot;Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo&quot;},
	[&quot;gay&quot;] = {&quot;Gayo&quot;},
	[&quot;gaz&quot;] = {&quot;West Central Oromo&quot;},
	[&quot;gba&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;gbb&quot;] = {&quot;Kaytetye&quot;},
	[&quot;gbd&quot;] = {&quot;Karadjeri&quot;},
	[&quot;gbe&quot;] = {&quot;Niksek&quot;},
	[&quot;gbf&quot;] = {&quot;Gaikundi&quot;},
	[&quot;gbg&quot;] = {&quot;Gbanziri&quot;},
	[&quot;gbh&quot;] = {&quot;Defi Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;gbi&quot;] = {&quot;Galela&quot;},
	[&quot;gbj&quot;] = {&quot;Bodo Gadaba&quot;},
	[&quot;gbk&quot;] = {&quot;Gaddi&quot;},
	[&quot;gbl&quot;] = {&quot;Gamit&quot;},
	[&quot;gbm&quot;] = {&quot;Garhwali&quot;},
	[&quot;gbn&quot;] = {&quot;Mo'da&quot;},
	[&quot;gbo&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;gbp&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya-Bossangoa&quot;},
	[&quot;gbq&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya-Bozoum&quot;},
	[&quot;gbr&quot;] = {&quot;Gbagyi&quot;},
	[&quot;gbs&quot;] = {&quot;Gbesi Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;gbu&quot;] = {&quot;Gagadu&quot;},
	[&quot;gbv&quot;] = {&quot;Gbanu&quot;},
	[&quot;gbw&quot;] = {&quot;Gabi-Gabi&quot;},
	[&quot;gbx&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Xwla Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;gby&quot;] = {&quot;Gbari&quot;},
	[&quot;gbz&quot;] = {&quot;Zoroastrian Dari&quot;},
	[&quot;gcc&quot;] = {&quot;Mali&quot;},
	[&quot;gcd&quot;] = {&quot;Ganggalida&quot;},
	[&quot;gce&quot;] = {&quot;Galice&quot;},
	[&quot;gcf&quot;] = {&quot;Guadeloupean Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;gcl&quot;] = {&quot;Grenadian Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;gcn&quot;] = {&quot;Gaina&quot;},
	[&quot;gcr&quot;] = {&quot;Guianese Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;gct&quot;] = {&quot;Colonia Tovar German&quot;},
	[&quot;gda&quot;] = {&quot;Gade Lohar&quot;},
	[&quot;gdb&quot;] = {&quot;Pottangi Ollar Gadaba&quot;},
	[&quot;gdc&quot;] = {&quot;Gugu Badhun&quot;},
	[&quot;gdd&quot;] = {&quot;Gedaged&quot;},
	[&quot;gde&quot;] = {&quot;Gude&quot;},
	[&quot;gdf&quot;] = {&quot;Guduf-Gava&quot;},
	[&quot;gdg&quot;] = {&quot;Ga'dang&quot;},
	[&quot;gdh&quot;] = {&quot;Gadjerawang&quot;},
	[&quot;gdi&quot;] = {&quot;Gundi&quot;},
	[&quot;gdj&quot;] = {&quot;Gurdjar&quot;},
	[&quot;gdk&quot;] = {&quot;Gadang&quot;},
	[&quot;gdl&quot;] = {&quot;Dirasha&quot;},
	[&quot;gdm&quot;] = {&quot;Laal&quot;},
	[&quot;gdn&quot;] = {&quot;Umanakaina&quot;},
	[&quot;gdo&quot;] = {&quot;Ghodoberi&quot;},
	[&quot;gdq&quot;] = {&quot;Mehri&quot;},
	[&quot;gdr&quot;] = {&quot;Wipi&quot;},
	[&quot;gds&quot;] = {&quot;Ghandruk Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gdt&quot;] = {&quot;Kungardutyi&quot;},
	[&quot;gdu&quot;] = {&quot;Gudu&quot;},
	[&quot;gdx&quot;] = {&quot;Godwari&quot;},
	[&quot;gea&quot;] = {&quot;Geruma&quot;},
	[&quot;geb&quot;] = {&quot;Kire&quot;},
	[&quot;gec&quot;] = {&quot;Gboloo Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;ged&quot;] = {&quot;Gade&quot;},
	[&quot;geg&quot;] = {&quot;Gengle&quot;},
	[&quot;geh&quot;] = {&quot;Hutterite German&quot;, &quot;Hutterisch&quot;},
	[&quot;gei&quot;] = {&quot;Gebe&quot;},
	[&quot;gej&quot;] = {&quot;Gen&quot;},
	[&quot;gek&quot;] = {&quot;Ywom&quot;},
	[&quot;gel&quot;] = {&quot;ut-Ma'in&quot;},
	[&quot;gem&quot;] = {&quot;Germanic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;geq&quot;] = {&quot;Geme&quot;},
	[&quot;ges&quot;] = {&quot;Geser-Gorom&quot;},
	[&quot;gev&quot;] = {&quot;Eviya&quot;},
	[&quot;gew&quot;] = {&quot;Gera&quot;},
	[&quot;gex&quot;] = {&quot;Garre&quot;},
	[&quot;gey&quot;] = {&quot;Enya&quot;},
	[&quot;gez&quot;] = {&quot;Geez&quot;},
	[&quot;gfk&quot;] = {&quot;Patpatar&quot;},
	[&quot;gft&quot;] = {&quot;Gafat&quot;},
	[&quot;gga&quot;] = {&quot;Gao&quot;},
	[&quot;ggb&quot;] = {&quot;Gbii&quot;},
	[&quot;ggd&quot;] = {&quot;Gugadj&quot;},
	[&quot;gge&quot;] = {&quot;Guragone&quot;},
	[&quot;ggg&quot;] = {&quot;Gurgula&quot;},
	[&quot;ggk&quot;] = {&quot;Kungarakany&quot;},
	[&quot;ggl&quot;] = {&quot;Ganglau&quot;},
	[&quot;ggt&quot;] = {&quot;Gitua&quot;},
	[&quot;ggu&quot;] = {&quot;Gagu&quot;, &quot;Gban&quot;},
	[&quot;ggw&quot;] = {&quot;Gogodala&quot;},
	[&quot;gha&quot;] = {&quot;Ghadamès&quot;},
	[&quot;ghc&quot;] = {&quot;Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic&quot;},
	[&quot;ghe&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Ghale&quot;},
	[&quot;ghh&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Ghale&quot;},
	[&quot;ghk&quot;] = {&quot;Geko Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;ghl&quot;] = {&quot;Ghulfan&quot;},
	[&quot;ghn&quot;] = {&quot;Ghanongga&quot;},
	[&quot;gho&quot;] = {&quot;Ghomara&quot;},
	[&quot;ghr&quot;] = {&quot;Ghera&quot;},
	[&quot;ghs&quot;] = {&quot;Guhu-Samane&quot;},
	[&quot;ght&quot;] = {&quot;Kuke&quot;, &quot;Kutang Ghale&quot;},
	[&quot;gia&quot;] = {&quot;Kitja&quot;},
	[&quot;gib&quot;] = {&quot;Gibanawa&quot;},
	[&quot;gic&quot;] = {&quot;Gail&quot;},
	[&quot;gid&quot;] = {&quot;Gidar&quot;},
	[&quot;gie&quot;] = {&quot;Gaɓogbo&quot;, &quot;Guébie&quot;},
	[&quot;gig&quot;] = {&quot;Goaria&quot;},
	[&quot;gih&quot;] = {&quot;Githabul&quot;},
	[&quot;gil&quot;] = {&quot;Gilbertese&quot;},
	[&quot;gim&quot;] = {&quot;Gimi (Eastern Highlands)&quot;},
	[&quot;gin&quot;] = {&quot;Hinukh&quot;},
	[&quot;gip&quot;] = {&quot;Gimi (West New Britain)&quot;},
	[&quot;giq&quot;] = {&quot;Green Gelao&quot;},
	[&quot;gir&quot;] = {&quot;Red Gelao&quot;},
	[&quot;gis&quot;] = {&quot;North Giziga&quot;},
	[&quot;git&quot;] = {&quot;Gitxsan&quot;},
	[&quot;giu&quot;] = {&quot;Mulao&quot;},
	[&quot;giw&quot;] = {&quot;White Gelao&quot;},
	[&quot;gix&quot;] = {&quot;Gilima&quot;},
	[&quot;giy&quot;] = {&quot;Giyug&quot;},
	[&quot;giz&quot;] = {&quot;South Giziga&quot;},
	[&quot;gji&quot;] = {&quot;Geji&quot;},
	[&quot;gjk&quot;] = {&quot;Kachi Koli&quot;},
	[&quot;gjm&quot;] = {&quot;Gunditjmara&quot;},
	[&quot;gjn&quot;] = {&quot;Gonja&quot;},
	[&quot;gjr&quot;] = {&quot;Gurindji Kriol&quot;},
	[&quot;gju&quot;] = {&quot;Gujari&quot;},
	[&quot;gka&quot;] = {&quot;Guya&quot;},
	[&quot;gkd&quot;] = {&quot;Magɨ (Madang Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;gke&quot;] = {&quot;Ndai&quot;},
	[&quot;gkn&quot;] = {&quot;Gokana&quot;},
	[&quot;gko&quot;] = {&quot;Kok-Nar&quot;},
	[&quot;gkp&quot;] = {&quot;Guinea Kpelle&quot;},
	[&quot;gku&quot;] = {&quot;ǂUngkue&quot;, &quot;=/Ungkue&quot;},
	[&quot;glc&quot;] = {&quot;Bon Gula&quot;},
	[&quot;gld&quot;] = {&quot;Nanai&quot;},
	[&quot;glh&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Pashai&quot;, &quot;Northwest Pashayi&quot;},
	[&quot;gli&quot;] = {&quot;Guliguli&quot;},
	[&quot;glj&quot;] = {&quot;Gula Iro&quot;},
	[&quot;glk&quot;] = {&quot;Gilaki&quot;},
	[&quot;gll&quot;] = {&quot;Garlali&quot;},
	[&quot;glo&quot;] = {&quot;Galambu&quot;},
	[&quot;glr&quot;] = {&quot;Glaro-Twabo&quot;},
	[&quot;glu&quot;] = {&quot;Gula (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;glw&quot;] = {&quot;Glavda&quot;},
	[&quot;gly&quot;] = {&quot;Gule&quot;},
	[&quot;gma&quot;] = {&quot;Gambera&quot;},
	[&quot;gmb&quot;] = {&quot;Gula'alaa&quot;},
	[&quot;gmd&quot;] = {&quot;Mághdì&quot;},
	[&quot;gme&quot;] = {&quot;East Germanic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;gmg&quot;] = {&quot;Magɨyi&quot;},
	[&quot;gmh&quot;] = {&quot;Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)&quot;},
	[&quot;gml&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Low German&quot;},
	[&quot;gmm&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya-Mbodomo&quot;},
	[&quot;gmn&quot;] = {&quot;Gimnime&quot;},
	[&quot;gmq&quot;] = {&quot;North Germanic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;gmu&quot;] = {&quot;Gumalu&quot;},
	[&quot;gmv&quot;] = {&quot;Gamo&quot;},
	[&quot;gmw&quot;] = {&quot;West Germanic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;gmx&quot;] = {&quot;Magoma&quot;},
	[&quot;gmy&quot;] = {&quot;Mycenaean Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;gmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mgbolizhia&quot;},
	[&quot;gna&quot;] = {&quot;Kaansa&quot;},
	[&quot;gnb&quot;] = {&quot;Gangte&quot;},
	[&quot;gnc&quot;] = {&quot;Guanche&quot;},
	[&quot;gnd&quot;] = {&quot;Zulgo-Gemzek&quot;},
	[&quot;gne&quot;] = {&quot;Ganang&quot;},
	[&quot;gng&quot;] = {&quot;Ngangam&quot;},
	[&quot;gnh&quot;] = {&quot;Lere&quot;},
	[&quot;gni&quot;] = {&quot;Gooniyandi&quot;},
	[&quot;gnj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngen&quot;},
	[&quot;gnk&quot;] = {&quot;//Gana&quot;, &quot;ǁGana&quot;},
	[&quot;gnl&quot;] = {&quot;Gangulu&quot;},
	[&quot;gnm&quot;] = {&quot;Ginuman&quot;},
	[&quot;gnn&quot;] = {&quot;Gumatj&quot;},
	[&quot;gno&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;gnq&quot;] = {&quot;Gana&quot;},
	[&quot;gnr&quot;] = {&quot;Gureng Gureng&quot;},
	[&quot;gnt&quot;] = {&quot;Guntai&quot;},
	[&quot;gnu&quot;] = {&quot;Gnau&quot;},
	[&quot;gnw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Bolivian Guaraní&quot;},
	[&quot;gnz&quot;] = {&quot;Ganzi&quot;},
	[&quot;goa&quot;] = {&quot;Guro&quot;},
	[&quot;gob&quot;] = {&quot;Playero&quot;},
	[&quot;goc&quot;] = {&quot;Gorakor&quot;},
	[&quot;god&quot;] = {&quot;Godié&quot;},
	[&quot;goe&quot;] = {&quot;Gongduk&quot;},
	[&quot;gof&quot;] = {&quot;Gofa&quot;},
	[&quot;gog&quot;] = {&quot;Gogo&quot;},
	[&quot;goh&quot;] = {&quot;Old High German (ca. 750-1050)&quot;},
	[&quot;goi&quot;] = {&quot;Gobasi&quot;},
	[&quot;goj&quot;] = {&quot;Gowlan&quot;},
	[&quot;gok&quot;] = {&quot;Gowli&quot;},
	[&quot;gol&quot;] = {&quot;Gola&quot;},
	[&quot;gom&quot;] = {&quot;Goan Konkani&quot;},
	[&quot;gon&quot;] = {&quot;Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;goo&quot;] = {&quot;Gone Dau&quot;},
	[&quot;gop&quot;] = {&quot;Yeretuar&quot;},
	[&quot;goq&quot;] = {&quot;Gorap&quot;},
	[&quot;gor&quot;] = {&quot;Gorontalo&quot;},
	[&quot;gos&quot;] = {&quot;Gronings&quot;},
	[&quot;got&quot;] = {&quot;Gothic&quot;},
	[&quot;gou&quot;] = {&quot;Gavar&quot;},
	[&quot;gow&quot;] = {&quot;Gorowa&quot;},
	[&quot;gox&quot;] = {&quot;Gobu&quot;},
	[&quot;goy&quot;] = {&quot;Goundo&quot;},
	[&quot;goz&quot;] = {&quot;Gozarkhani&quot;},
	[&quot;gpa&quot;] = {&quot;Gupa-Abawa&quot;},
	[&quot;gpe&quot;] = {&quot;Ghanaian Pidgin English&quot;},
	[&quot;gpn&quot;] = {&quot;Taiap&quot;},
	[&quot;gqa&quot;] = {&quot;Ga'anda&quot;},
	[&quot;gqi&quot;] = {&quot;Guiqiong&quot;},
	[&quot;gqn&quot;] = {&quot;Guana (Brazil)&quot;},
	[&quot;gqr&quot;] = {&quot;Gor&quot;},
	[&quot;gqu&quot;] = {&quot;Qau&quot;},
	[&quot;gra&quot;] = {&quot;Rajput Garasia&quot;},
	[&quot;grb&quot;] = {&quot;Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;grc&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Greek (to 1453)&quot;},
	[&quot;grd&quot;] = {&quot;Guruntum-Mbaaru&quot;},
	[&quot;grg&quot;] = {&quot;Madi&quot;},
	[&quot;grh&quot;] = {&quot;Gbiri-Niragu&quot;},
	[&quot;gri&quot;] = {&quot;Ghari&quot;},
	[&quot;grj&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;grk&quot;] = {&quot;Greek languages&quot;},
	[&quot;grm&quot;] = {&quot;Kota Marudu Talantang&quot;},
	[&quot;gro&quot;] = {&quot;Groma&quot;},
	[&quot;grq&quot;] = {&quot;Gorovu&quot;},
	[&quot;grr&quot;] = {&quot;Taznatit&quot;},
	[&quot;grs&quot;] = {&quot;Gresi&quot;},
	[&quot;grt&quot;] = {&quot;Garo&quot;},
	[&quot;gru&quot;] = {&quot;Kistane&quot;},
	[&quot;grv&quot;] = {&quot;Central Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;grw&quot;] = {&quot;Gweda&quot;},
	[&quot;grx&quot;] = {&quot;Guriaso&quot;},
	[&quot;gry&quot;] = {&quot;Barclayville Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;grz&quot;] = {&quot;Guramalum&quot;},
	[&quot;gse&quot;] = {&quot;Ghanaian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gsg&quot;] = {&quot;German Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gsl&quot;] = {&quot;Gusilay&quot;},
	[&quot;gsm&quot;] = {&quot;Guatemalan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gsn&quot;] = {&quot;Nema&quot;, &quot;Gusan&quot;},
	[&quot;gso&quot;] = {&quot;Southwest Gbaya&quot;},
	[&quot;gsp&quot;] = {&quot;Wasembo&quot;},
	[&quot;gss&quot;] = {&quot;Greek Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gsw&quot;] = {&quot;Swiss German&quot;, &quot;Alemannic&quot;, &quot;Alsatian&quot;},
	[&quot;gta&quot;] = {&quot;Guató&quot;},
	[&quot;gtu&quot;] = {&quot;Aghu-Tharnggala&quot;},
	[&quot;gua&quot;] = {&quot;Shiki&quot;},
	[&quot;gub&quot;] = {&quot;Guajajára&quot;},
	[&quot;guc&quot;] = {&quot;Wayuu&quot;},
	[&quot;gud&quot;] = {&quot;Yocoboué Dida&quot;},
	[&quot;gue&quot;] = {&quot;Gurinji&quot;},
	[&quot;guf&quot;] = {&quot;Gupapuyngu&quot;},
	[&quot;gug&quot;] = {&quot;Paraguayan Guaraní&quot;},
	[&quot;guh&quot;] = {&quot;Guahibo&quot;},
	[&quot;gui&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Bolivian Guaraní&quot;},
	[&quot;guk&quot;] = {&quot;Gumuz&quot;},
	[&quot;gul&quot;] = {&quot;Sea Island Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;gum&quot;] = {&quot;Guambiano&quot;},
	[&quot;gun&quot;] = {&quot;Mbyá Guaraní&quot;},
	[&quot;guo&quot;] = {&quot;Guayabero&quot;},
	[&quot;gup&quot;] = {&quot;Gunwinggu&quot;},
	[&quot;guq&quot;] = {&quot;Aché&quot;},
	[&quot;gur&quot;] = {&quot;Farefare&quot;},
	[&quot;gus&quot;] = {&quot;Guinean Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gut&quot;] = {&quot;Maléku Jaíka&quot;},
	[&quot;guu&quot;] = {&quot;Yanomamö&quot;},
	[&quot;guw&quot;] = {&quot;Gun&quot;},
	[&quot;gux&quot;] = {&quot;Gourmanchéma&quot;},
	[&quot;guz&quot;] = {&quot;Gusii&quot;, &quot;Ekegusii&quot;},
	[&quot;gva&quot;] = {&quot;Guana (Paraguay)&quot;},
	[&quot;gvc&quot;] = {&quot;Guanano&quot;},
	[&quot;gve&quot;] = {&quot;Duwet&quot;},
	[&quot;gvf&quot;] = {&quot;Golin&quot;},
	[&quot;gvj&quot;] = {&quot;Guajá&quot;},
	[&quot;gvl&quot;] = {&quot;Gulay&quot;},
	[&quot;gvm&quot;] = {&quot;Gurmana&quot;},
	[&quot;gvn&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Yalanji&quot;},
	[&quot;gvo&quot;] = {&quot;Gavião Do Jiparaná&quot;},
	[&quot;gvp&quot;] = {&quot;Pará Gavião&quot;},
	[&quot;gvr&quot;] = {&quot;Gurung&quot;},
	[&quot;gvs&quot;] = {&quot;Gumawana&quot;},
	[&quot;gvy&quot;] = {&quot;Guyani&quot;},
	[&quot;gwa&quot;] = {&quot;Mbato&quot;},
	[&quot;gwb&quot;] = {&quot;Gwa&quot;},
	[&quot;gwc&quot;] = {&quot;Kalami&quot;},
	[&quot;gwd&quot;] = {&quot;Gawwada&quot;},
	[&quot;gwe&quot;] = {&quot;Gweno&quot;},
	[&quot;gwf&quot;] = {&quot;Gowro&quot;},
	[&quot;gwg&quot;] = {&quot;Moo&quot;},
	[&quot;gwi&quot;] = {&quot;Gwichʼin&quot;},
	[&quot;gwj&quot;] = {&quot;/Gwi&quot;, &quot;ǀGwi&quot;},
	[&quot;gwm&quot;] = {&quot;Awngthim&quot;},
	[&quot;gwn&quot;] = {&quot;Gwandara&quot;},
	[&quot;gwr&quot;] = {&quot;Gwere&quot;},
	[&quot;gwt&quot;] = {&quot;Gawar-Bati&quot;},
	[&quot;gwu&quot;] = {&quot;Guwamu&quot;},
	[&quot;gww&quot;] = {&quot;Kwini&quot;},
	[&quot;gwx&quot;] = {&quot;Gua&quot;},
	[&quot;gxx&quot;] = {&quot;Wè Southern&quot;},
	[&quot;gya&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Gbaya&quot;},
	[&quot;gyb&quot;] = {&quot;Garus&quot;},
	[&quot;gyd&quot;] = {&quot;Kayardild&quot;},
	[&quot;gye&quot;] = {&quot;Gyem&quot;},
	[&quot;gyf&quot;] = {&quot;Gungabula&quot;},
	[&quot;gyg&quot;] = {&quot;Gbayi&quot;},
	[&quot;gyi&quot;] = {&quot;Gyele&quot;},
	[&quot;gyl&quot;] = {&quot;Gayil&quot;},
	[&quot;gym&quot;] = {&quot;Ngäbere&quot;},
	[&quot;gyn&quot;] = {&quot;Guyanese Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;gyo&quot;] = {&quot;Gyalsumdo&quot;},
	[&quot;gyr&quot;] = {&quot;Guarayu&quot;},
	[&quot;gyy&quot;] = {&quot;Gunya&quot;},
	[&quot;gza&quot;] = {&quot;Ganza&quot;},
	[&quot;gzi&quot;] = {&quot;Gazi&quot;},
	[&quot;gzn&quot;] = {&quot;Gane&quot;},
	[&quot;haa&quot;] = {&quot;Han&quot;},
	[&quot;hab&quot;] = {&quot;Hanoi Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hac&quot;] = {&quot;Gurani&quot;},
	[&quot;had&quot;] = {&quot;Hatam&quot;},
	[&quot;hae&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Oromo&quot;},
	[&quot;haf&quot;] = {&quot;Haiphong Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hag&quot;] = {&quot;Hanga&quot;},
	[&quot;hah&quot;] = {&quot;Hahon&quot;},
	[&quot;hai&quot;] = {&quot;Haida&quot;},
	[&quot;haj&quot;] = {&quot;Hajong&quot;},
	[&quot;hak&quot;] = {&quot;Hakka Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;hal&quot;] = {&quot;Halang&quot;},
	[&quot;ham&quot;] = {&quot;Hewa&quot;},
	[&quot;han&quot;] = {&quot;Hangaza&quot;},
	[&quot;hao&quot;] = {&quot;Hakö&quot;},
	[&quot;hap&quot;] = {&quot;Hupla&quot;},
	[&quot;haq&quot;] = {&quot;Ha&quot;},
	[&quot;har&quot;] = {&quot;Harari&quot;},
	[&quot;has&quot;] = {&quot;Haisla&quot;},
	[&quot;hav&quot;] = {&quot;Havu&quot;},
	[&quot;haw&quot;] = {&quot;Hawaiian&quot;},
	[&quot;hax&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Haida&quot;},
	[&quot;hay&quot;] = {&quot;Haya&quot;},
	[&quot;haz&quot;] = {&quot;Hazaragi&quot;},
	[&quot;hba&quot;] = {&quot;Hamba&quot;},
	[&quot;hbb&quot;] = {&quot;Huba&quot;},
	[&quot;hbn&quot;] = {&quot;Heiban&quot;},
	[&quot;hbo&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Hebrew&quot;},
	[&quot;hbu&quot;] = {&quot;Habu&quot;},
	[&quot;hca&quot;] = {&quot;Andaman Creole Hindi&quot;},
	[&quot;hch&quot;] = {&quot;Huichol&quot;},
	[&quot;hdn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Haida&quot;},
	[&quot;hds&quot;] = {&quot;Honduras Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hdy&quot;] = {&quot;Hadiyya&quot;},
	[&quot;hea&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Qiandong Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hed&quot;] = {&quot;Herdé&quot;},
	[&quot;heg&quot;] = {&quot;Helong&quot;},
	[&quot;heh&quot;] = {&quot;Hehe&quot;},
	[&quot;hei&quot;] = {&quot;Heiltsuk&quot;},
	[&quot;hem&quot;] = {&quot;Hemba&quot;},
	[&quot;hgm&quot;] = {&quot;Hai//om&quot;, &quot;Haiǁom&quot;},
	[&quot;hgw&quot;] = {&quot;Haigwai&quot;},
	[&quot;hhi&quot;] = {&quot;Hoia Hoia&quot;},
	[&quot;hhr&quot;] = {&quot;Kerak&quot;},
	[&quot;hhy&quot;] = {&quot;Hoyahoya&quot;},
	[&quot;hia&quot;] = {&quot;Lamang&quot;},
	[&quot;hib&quot;] = {&quot;Hibito&quot;},
	[&quot;hid&quot;] = {&quot;Hidatsa&quot;},
	[&quot;hif&quot;] = {&quot;Fiji Hindi&quot;},
	[&quot;hig&quot;] = {&quot;Kamwe&quot;},
	[&quot;hih&quot;] = {&quot;Pamosu&quot;},
	[&quot;hii&quot;] = {&quot;Hinduri&quot;},
	[&quot;hij&quot;] = {&quot;Hijuk&quot;},
	[&quot;hik&quot;] = {&quot;Seit-Kaitetu&quot;},
	[&quot;hil&quot;] = {&quot;Hiligaynon&quot;},
	[&quot;him&quot;] = {&quot;Himachali languages&quot;, &quot;Western Pahari languages&quot;},
	[&quot;hio&quot;] = {&quot;Tsoa&quot;},
	[&quot;hir&quot;] = {&quot;Himarimã&quot;},
	[&quot;hit&quot;] = {&quot;Hittite&quot;},
	[&quot;hiw&quot;] = {&quot;Hiw&quot;},
	[&quot;hix&quot;] = {&quot;Hixkaryána&quot;},
	[&quot;hji&quot;] = {&quot;Haji&quot;},
	[&quot;hka&quot;] = {&quot;Kahe&quot;},
	[&quot;hke&quot;] = {&quot;Hunde&quot;},
	[&quot;hkk&quot;] = {&quot;Hunjara-Kaina Ke&quot;},
	[&quot;hkn&quot;] = {&quot;Mel-Khaonh&quot;},
	[&quot;hks&quot;] = {&quot;Hong Kong Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Heung Kong Sau Yue&quot;},
	[&quot;hla&quot;] = {&quot;Halia&quot;},
	[&quot;hlb&quot;] = {&quot;Halbi&quot;},
	[&quot;hld&quot;] = {&quot;Halang Doan&quot;},
	[&quot;hle&quot;] = {&quot;Hlersu&quot;},
	[&quot;hlt&quot;] = {&quot;Matu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;hlu&quot;] = {&quot;Hieroglyphic Luwian&quot;},
	[&quot;hma&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Mashan Hmong&quot;, &quot;Southern Mashan Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmb&quot;] = {&quot;Humburi Senni Songhay&quot;},
	[&quot;hmc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Huishui Hmong&quot;, &quot;Central Huishui Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmd&quot;] = {&quot;Large Flowery Miao&quot;, &quot;A-hmaos&quot;, &quot;Da-Hua Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hme&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Huishui Hmong&quot;, &quot;Eastern Huishui Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmf&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Don&quot;},
	[&quot;hmg&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Guiyang Hmong&quot;},
	[&quot;hmh&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Huishui Hmong&quot;, &quot;Southwestern Huishui Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmi&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Huishui Hmong&quot;, &quot;Northern Huishui Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmj&quot;] = {&quot;Ge&quot;, &quot;Gejia&quot;},
	[&quot;hmk&quot;] = {&quot;Maek&quot;},
	[&quot;hml&quot;] = {&quot;Luopohe Hmong&quot;, &quot;Luopohe Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmm&quot;] = {&quot;Central Mashan Hmong&quot;, &quot;Central Mashan Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmn&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong&quot;, &quot;Mong&quot;},
	[&quot;hmp&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Mashan Hmong&quot;, &quot;Northern Mashan Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmq&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Qiandong Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmr&quot;] = {&quot;Hmar&quot;},
	[&quot;hms&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Qiandong Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmt&quot;] = {&quot;Hamtai&quot;},
	[&quot;hmu&quot;] = {&quot;Hamap&quot;},
	[&quot;hmv&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Dô&quot;},
	[&quot;hmw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Mashan Hmong&quot;, &quot;Western Mashan Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmx&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong-Mien languages&quot;},
	[&quot;hmy&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Guiyang Hmong&quot;, &quot;Southern Guiyang Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmz&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Shua&quot;, &quot;Sinicized Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hna&quot;] = {&quot;Mina (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;hnd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Hindko&quot;},
	[&quot;hne&quot;] = {&quot;Chhattisgarhi&quot;},
	[&quot;hnh&quot;] = {&quot;//Ani&quot;, &quot;ǁAni&quot;},
	[&quot;hni&quot;] = {&quot;Hani&quot;},
	[&quot;hnj&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Njua&quot;, &quot;Mong Leng&quot;, &quot;Mong Njua&quot;},
	[&quot;hnn&quot;] = {&quot;Hanunoo&quot;},
	[&quot;hno&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Hindko&quot;},
	[&quot;hns&quot;] = {&quot;Caribbean Hindustani&quot;},
	[&quot;hnu&quot;] = {&quot;Hung&quot;},
	[&quot;hoa&quot;] = {&quot;Hoava&quot;},
	[&quot;hob&quot;] = {&quot;Mari (Madang Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;hoc&quot;] = {&quot;Ho&quot;},
	[&quot;hod&quot;] = {&quot;Holma&quot;},
	[&quot;hoe&quot;] = {&quot;Horom&quot;},
	[&quot;hoh&quot;] = {&quot;Hobyót&quot;},
	[&quot;hoi&quot;] = {&quot;Holikachuk&quot;},
	[&quot;hoj&quot;] = {&quot;Hadothi&quot;, &quot;Haroti&quot;},
	[&quot;hok&quot;] = {&quot;Hokan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;hol&quot;] = {&quot;Holu&quot;},
	[&quot;hom&quot;] = {&quot;Homa&quot;},
	[&quot;hoo&quot;] = {&quot;Holoholo&quot;},
	[&quot;hop&quot;] = {&quot;Hopi&quot;},
	[&quot;hor&quot;] = {&quot;Horo&quot;},
	[&quot;hos&quot;] = {&quot;Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hot&quot;] = {&quot;Hote&quot;, &quot;Malê&quot;},
	[&quot;hov&quot;] = {&quot;Hovongan&quot;},
	[&quot;how&quot;] = {&quot;Honi&quot;},
	[&quot;hoy&quot;] = {&quot;Holiya&quot;},
	[&quot;hoz&quot;] = {&quot;Hozo&quot;},
	[&quot;hpo&quot;] = {&quot;Hpon&quot;},
	[&quot;hps&quot;] = {&quot;Hawai'i Sign Language (HSL)&quot;, &quot;Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hra&quot;] = {&quot;Hrangkhol&quot;},
	[&quot;hrc&quot;] = {&quot;Niwer Mil&quot;},
	[&quot;hre&quot;] = {&quot;Hre&quot;},
	[&quot;hrk&quot;] = {&quot;Haruku&quot;},
	[&quot;hrm&quot;] = {&quot;Horned Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hro&quot;] = {&quot;Haroi&quot;},
	[&quot;hrp&quot;] = {&quot;Nhirrpi&quot;},
	[&quot;hrt&quot;] = {&quot;Hértevin&quot;},
	[&quot;hru&quot;] = {&quot;Hruso&quot;},
	[&quot;hrw&quot;] = {&quot;Warwar Feni&quot;},
	[&quot;hrx&quot;] = {&quot;Hunsrik&quot;},
	[&quot;hrz&quot;] = {&quot;Harzani&quot;},
	[&quot;hsb&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Sorbian&quot;},
	[&quot;hsh&quot;] = {&quot;Hungarian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hsl&quot;] = {&quot;Hausa Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hsn&quot;] = {&quot;Xiang Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;hss&quot;] = {&quot;Harsusi&quot;},
	[&quot;hti&quot;] = {&quot;Hoti&quot;},
	[&quot;hto&quot;] = {&quot;Minica Huitoto&quot;},
	[&quot;hts&quot;] = {&quot;Hadza&quot;},
	[&quot;htu&quot;] = {&quot;Hitu&quot;},
	[&quot;htx&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Hittite&quot;},
	[&quot;hub&quot;] = {&quot;Huambisa&quot;},
	[&quot;huc&quot;] = {&quot;=/Hua&quot;, &quot;ǂHua&quot;},
	[&quot;hud&quot;] = {&quot;Huaulu&quot;},
	[&quot;hue&quot;] = {&quot;San Francisco Del Mar Huave&quot;},
	[&quot;huf&quot;] = {&quot;Humene&quot;},
	[&quot;hug&quot;] = {&quot;Huachipaeri&quot;},
	[&quot;huh&quot;] = {&quot;Huilliche&quot;},
	[&quot;hui&quot;] = {&quot;Huli&quot;},
	[&quot;huj&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Guiyang Hmong&quot;, &quot;Northern Guiyang Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;huk&quot;] = {&quot;Hulung&quot;},
	[&quot;hul&quot;] = {&quot;Hula&quot;},
	[&quot;hum&quot;] = {&quot;Hungana&quot;},
	[&quot;huo&quot;] = {&quot;Hu&quot;},
	[&quot;hup&quot;] = {&quot;Hupa&quot;},
	[&quot;huq&quot;] = {&quot;Tsat&quot;},
	[&quot;hur&quot;] = {&quot;Halkomelem&quot;},
	[&quot;hus&quot;] = {&quot;Huastec&quot;},
	[&quot;hut&quot;] = {&quot;Humla&quot;},
	[&quot;huu&quot;] = {&quot;Murui Huitoto&quot;},
	[&quot;huv&quot;] = {&quot;San Mateo Del Mar Huave&quot;},
	[&quot;huw&quot;] = {&quot;Hukumina&quot;},
	[&quot;hux&quot;] = {&quot;Nüpode Huitoto&quot;},
	[&quot;huy&quot;] = {&quot;Hulaulá&quot;},
	[&quot;huz&quot;] = {&quot;Hunzib&quot;},
	[&quot;hvc&quot;] = {&quot;Haitian Vodoun Culture Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hve&quot;] = {&quot;San Dionisio Del Mar Huave&quot;},
	[&quot;hvk&quot;] = {&quot;Haveke&quot;},
	[&quot;hvn&quot;] = {&quot;Sabu&quot;},
	[&quot;hvv&quot;] = {&quot;Santa María Del Mar Huave&quot;},
	[&quot;hwa&quot;] = {&quot;Wané&quot;},
	[&quot;hwc&quot;] = {&quot;Hawai'i Creole English&quot;, &quot;Hawai'i Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;hwo&quot;] = {&quot;Hwana&quot;},
	[&quot;hya&quot;] = {&quot;Hya&quot;},
	[&quot;hyw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Armenian&quot;},
	[&quot;hyx&quot;] = {&quot;Armenian (family)&quot;},
	[&quot;iai&quot;] = {&quot;Iaai&quot;},
	[&quot;ian&quot;] = {&quot;Iatmul&quot;},
	[&quot;iar&quot;] = {&quot;Purari&quot;},
	[&quot;iba&quot;] = {&quot;Iban&quot;},
	[&quot;ibb&quot;] = {&quot;Ibibio&quot;},
	[&quot;ibd&quot;] = {&quot;Iwaidja&quot;},
	[&quot;ibe&quot;] = {&quot;Akpes&quot;},
	[&quot;ibg&quot;] = {&quot;Ibanag&quot;},
	[&quot;ibh&quot;] = {&quot;Bih&quot;},
	[&quot;ibl&quot;] = {&quot;Ibaloi&quot;},
	[&quot;ibm&quot;] = {&quot;Agoi&quot;},
	[&quot;ibn&quot;] = {&quot;Ibino&quot;},
	[&quot;ibr&quot;] = {&quot;Ibuoro&quot;},
	[&quot;ibu&quot;] = {&quot;Ibu&quot;},
	[&quot;iby&quot;] = {&quot;Ibani&quot;},
	[&quot;ica&quot;] = {&quot;Ede Ica&quot;},
	[&quot;ich&quot;] = {&quot;Etkywan&quot;},
	[&quot;icl&quot;] = {&quot;Icelandic Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;icr&quot;] = {&quot;Islander Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;ida&quot;] = {&quot;Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki&quot;, &quot;Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi&quot;},
	[&quot;idb&quot;] = {&quot;Indo-Portuguese&quot;},
	[&quot;idc&quot;] = {&quot;Idon&quot;, &quot;Ajiya&quot;},
	[&quot;idd&quot;] = {&quot;Ede Idaca&quot;},
	[&quot;ide&quot;] = {&quot;Idere&quot;},
	[&quot;idi&quot;] = {&quot;Idi&quot;},
	[&quot;idr&quot;] = {&quot;Indri&quot;},
	[&quot;ids&quot;] = {&quot;Idesa&quot;},
	[&quot;idt&quot;] = {&quot;Idaté&quot;},
	[&quot;idu&quot;] = {&quot;Idoma&quot;},
	[&quot;ifa&quot;] = {&quot;Amganad Ifugao&quot;},
	[&quot;ifb&quot;] = {&quot;Batad Ifugao&quot;, &quot;Ayangan Ifugao&quot;},
	[&quot;ife&quot;] = {&quot;Ifè&quot;},
	[&quot;iff&quot;] = {&quot;Ifo&quot;},
	[&quot;ifk&quot;] = {&quot;Tuwali Ifugao&quot;},
	[&quot;ifm&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Fuumu&quot;},
	[&quot;ifu&quot;] = {&quot;Mayoyao Ifugao&quot;},
	[&quot;ify&quot;] = {&quot;Keley-I Kallahan&quot;},
	[&quot;igb&quot;] = {&quot;Ebira&quot;},
	[&quot;ige&quot;] = {&quot;Igede&quot;},
	[&quot;igg&quot;] = {&quot;Igana&quot;},
	[&quot;igl&quot;] = {&quot;Igala&quot;},
	[&quot;igm&quot;] = {&quot;Kanggape&quot;},
	[&quot;ign&quot;] = {&quot;Ignaciano&quot;},
	[&quot;igo&quot;] = {&quot;Isebe&quot;},
	[&quot;igs&quot;] = {&quot;Interglossa&quot;},
	[&quot;igw&quot;] = {&quot;Igwe&quot;},
	[&quot;ihb&quot;] = {&quot;Iha Based Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;ihi&quot;] = {&quot;Ihievbe&quot;},
	[&quot;ihp&quot;] = {&quot;Iha&quot;},
	[&quot;ihw&quot;] = {&quot;Bidhawal&quot;},
	[&quot;iin&quot;] = {&quot;Thiin&quot;},
	[&quot;iir&quot;] = {&quot;Indo-Iranian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ijc&quot;] = {&quot;Izon&quot;},
	[&quot;ije&quot;] = {&quot;Biseni&quot;},
	[&quot;ijj&quot;] = {&quot;Ede Ije&quot;},
	[&quot;ijn&quot;] = {&quot;Kalabari&quot;},
	[&quot;ijo&quot;] = {&quot;Ijo languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ijs&quot;] = {&quot;Southeast Ijo&quot;},
	[&quot;ike&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Canadian Inuktitut&quot;},
	[&quot;iki&quot;] = {&quot;Iko&quot;},
	[&quot;ikk&quot;] = {&quot;Ika&quot;},
	[&quot;ikl&quot;] = {&quot;Ikulu&quot;},
	[&quot;iko&quot;] = {&quot;Olulumo-Ikom&quot;},
	[&quot;ikp&quot;] = {&quot;Ikpeshi&quot;},
	[&quot;ikr&quot;] = {&quot;Ikaranggal&quot;},
	[&quot;iks&quot;] = {&quot;Inuit Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ikt&quot;] = {&quot;Inuinnaqtun&quot;, &quot;Western Canadian Inuktitut&quot;},
	[&quot;ikv&quot;] = {&quot;Iku-Gora-Ankwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ikw&quot;] = {&quot;Ikwere&quot;},
	[&quot;ikx&quot;] = {&quot;Ik&quot;},
	[&quot;ikz&quot;] = {&quot;Ikizu&quot;},
	[&quot;ila&quot;] = {&quot;Ile Ape&quot;},
	[&quot;ilb&quot;] = {&quot;Ila&quot;},
	[&quot;ilg&quot;] = {&quot;Garig-Ilgar&quot;},
	[&quot;ili&quot;] = {&quot;Ili Turki&quot;},
	[&quot;ilk&quot;] = {&quot;Ilongot&quot;},
	[&quot;ilm&quot;] = {&quot;Iranun (Malaysia)&quot;},
	[&quot;ilo&quot;] = {&quot;Iloko&quot;},
	[&quot;ilp&quot;] = {&quot;Iranun (Philippines)&quot;},
	[&quot;ils&quot;] = {&quot;International Sign&quot;},
	[&quot;ilu&quot;] = {&quot;Ili'uun&quot;},
	[&quot;ilv&quot;] = {&quot;Ilue&quot;},
	[&quot;ima&quot;] = {&quot;Mala Malasar&quot;},
	[&quot;imi&quot;] = {&quot;Anamgura&quot;},
	[&quot;iml&quot;] = {&quot;Miluk&quot;},
	[&quot;imn&quot;] = {&quot;Imonda&quot;},
	[&quot;imo&quot;] = {&quot;Imbongu&quot;},
	[&quot;imr&quot;] = {&quot;Imroing&quot;},
	[&quot;ims&quot;] = {&quot;Marsian&quot;},
	[&quot;imy&quot;] = {&quot;Milyan&quot;},
	[&quot;inb&quot;] = {&quot;Inga&quot;},
	[&quot;inc&quot;] = {&quot;Indic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ine&quot;] = {&quot;Indo-European languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ing&quot;] = {&quot;Degexit'an&quot;},
	[&quot;inh&quot;] = {&quot;Ingush&quot;},
	[&quot;inj&quot;] = {&quot;Jungle Inga&quot;},
	[&quot;inl&quot;] = {&quot;Indonesian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;inm&quot;] = {&quot;Minaean&quot;},
	[&quot;inn&quot;] = {&quot;Isinai&quot;},
	[&quot;ino&quot;] = {&quot;Inoke-Yate&quot;},
	[&quot;inp&quot;] = {&quot;Iñapari&quot;},
	[&quot;ins&quot;] = {&quot;Indian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;int&quot;] = {&quot;Intha&quot;},
	[&quot;inz&quot;] = {&quot;Ineseño&quot;},
	[&quot;ior&quot;] = {&quot;Inor&quot;},
	[&quot;iou&quot;] = {&quot;Tuma-Irumu&quot;},
	[&quot;iow&quot;] = {&quot;Iowa-Oto&quot;},
	[&quot;ipi&quot;] = {&quot;Ipili&quot;},
	[&quot;ipo&quot;] = {&quot;Ipiko&quot;},
	[&quot;iqu&quot;] = {&quot;Iquito&quot;},
	[&quot;iqw&quot;] = {&quot;Ikwo&quot;},
	[&quot;ira&quot;] = {&quot;Iranian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ire&quot;] = {&quot;Iresim&quot;},
	[&quot;irh&quot;] = {&quot;Irarutu&quot;},
	[&quot;iri&quot;] = {&quot;Rigwe&quot;, &quot;Irigwe&quot;},
	[&quot;irk&quot;] = {&quot;Iraqw&quot;},
	[&quot;irn&quot;] = {&quot;Irántxe&quot;},
	[&quot;iro&quot;] = {&quot;Iroquoian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;irr&quot;] = {&quot;Ir&quot;},
	[&quot;iru&quot;] = {&quot;Irula&quot;},
	[&quot;irx&quot;] = {&quot;Kamberau&quot;},
	[&quot;iry&quot;] = {&quot;Iraya&quot;},
	[&quot;isa&quot;] = {&quot;Isabi&quot;},
	[&quot;isc&quot;] = {&quot;Isconahua&quot;},
	[&quot;isd&quot;] = {&quot;Isnag&quot;},
	[&quot;ise&quot;] = {&quot;Italian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;isg&quot;] = {&quot;Irish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ish&quot;] = {&quot;Esan&quot;},
	[&quot;isi&quot;] = {&quot;Nkem-Nkum&quot;},
	[&quot;isk&quot;] = {&quot;Ishkashimi&quot;},
	[&quot;ism&quot;] = {&quot;Masimasi&quot;},
	[&quot;isn&quot;] = {&quot;Isanzu&quot;},
	[&quot;iso&quot;] = {&quot;Isoko&quot;},
	[&quot;isr&quot;] = {&quot;Israeli Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ist&quot;] = {&quot;Istriot&quot;},
	[&quot;isu&quot;] = {&quot;Isu (Menchum Division)&quot;},
	[&quot;itb&quot;] = {&quot;Binongan Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;itc&quot;] = {&quot;Italic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;itd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Tidung&quot;},
	[&quot;ite&quot;] = {&quot;Itene&quot;},
	[&quot;iti&quot;] = {&quot;Inlaod Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;itk&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Italian&quot;},
	[&quot;itl&quot;] = {&quot;Itelmen&quot;},
	[&quot;itm&quot;] = {&quot;Itu Mbon Uzo&quot;},
	[&quot;ito&quot;] = {&quot;Itonama&quot;},
	[&quot;itr&quot;] = {&quot;Iteri&quot;},
	[&quot;its&quot;] = {&quot;Isekiri&quot;},
	[&quot;itt&quot;] = {&quot;Maeng Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;itv&quot;] = {&quot;Itawit&quot;},
	[&quot;itw&quot;] = {&quot;Ito&quot;},
	[&quot;itx&quot;] = {&quot;Itik&quot;},
	[&quot;ity&quot;] = {&quot;Moyadan Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;itz&quot;] = {&quot;Itzá&quot;},
	[&quot;ium&quot;] = {&quot;Iu Mien&quot;},
	[&quot;ivb&quot;] = {&quot;Ibatan&quot;},
	[&quot;ivv&quot;] = {&quot;Ivatan&quot;},
	[&quot;iwk&quot;] = {&quot;I-Wak&quot;},
	[&quot;iwm&quot;] = {&quot;Iwam&quot;},
	[&quot;iwo&quot;] = {&quot;Iwur&quot;},
	[&quot;iws&quot;] = {&quot;Sepik Iwam&quot;},
	[&quot;ixc&quot;] = {&quot;Ixcatec&quot;},
	[&quot;ixl&quot;] = {&quot;Ixil&quot;},
	[&quot;iya&quot;] = {&quot;Iyayu&quot;},
	[&quot;iyo&quot;] = {&quot;Mesaka&quot;},
	[&quot;iyx&quot;] = {&quot;Yaka (Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;izh&quot;] = {&quot;Ingrian&quot;},
	[&quot;izr&quot;] = {&quot;Izere&quot;},
	[&quot;izz&quot;] = {&quot;Izii&quot;},
	[&quot;jaa&quot;] = {&quot;Jamamadí&quot;},
	[&quot;jab&quot;] = {&quot;Hyam&quot;},
	[&quot;jac&quot;] = {&quot;Popti'&quot;, &quot;Jakalteko&quot;},
	[&quot;jad&quot;] = {&quot;Jahanka&quot;},
	[&quot;jae&quot;] = {&quot;Yabem&quot;},
	[&quot;jaf&quot;] = {&quot;Jara&quot;},
	[&quot;jah&quot;] = {&quot;Jah Hut&quot;},
	[&quot;jaj&quot;] = {&quot;Zazao&quot;},
	[&quot;jak&quot;] = {&quot;Jakun&quot;},
	[&quot;jal&quot;] = {&quot;Yalahatan&quot;},
	[&quot;jam&quot;] = {&quot;Jamaican Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;jan&quot;] = {&quot;Jandai&quot;},
	[&quot;jao&quot;] = {&quot;Yanyuwa&quot;},
	[&quot;jaq&quot;] = {&quot;Yaqay&quot;},
	[&quot;jas&quot;] = {&quot;New Caledonian Javanese&quot;},
	[&quot;jat&quot;] = {&quot;Jakati&quot;},
	[&quot;jau&quot;] = {&quot;Yaur&quot;},
	[&quot;jax&quot;] = {&quot;Jambi Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;jay&quot;] = {&quot;Yan-nhangu&quot;},
	[&quot;jaz&quot;] = {&quot;Jawe&quot;},
	[&quot;jbe&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Berber&quot;},
	[&quot;jbi&quot;] = {&quot;Badjiri&quot;},
	[&quot;jbj&quot;] = {&quot;Arandai&quot;},
	[&quot;jbk&quot;] = {&quot;Barikewa&quot;},
	[&quot;jbn&quot;] = {&quot;Nafusi&quot;},
	[&quot;jbo&quot;] = {&quot;Lojban&quot;},
	[&quot;jbr&quot;] = {&quot;Jofotek-Bromnya&quot;},
	[&quot;jbt&quot;] = {&quot;Jabutí&quot;},
	[&quot;jbu&quot;] = {&quot;Jukun Takum&quot;},
	[&quot;jbw&quot;] = {&quot;Yawijibaya&quot;},
	[&quot;jcs&quot;] = {&quot;Jamaican Country Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jct&quot;] = {&quot;Krymchak&quot;},
	[&quot;jda&quot;] = {&quot;Jad&quot;},
	[&quot;jdg&quot;] = {&quot;Jadgali&quot;},
	[&quot;jdt&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Tat&quot;},
	[&quot;jeb&quot;] = {&quot;Jebero&quot;},
	[&quot;jee&quot;] = {&quot;Jerung&quot;},
	[&quot;jeh&quot;] = {&quot;Jeh&quot;},
	[&quot;jei&quot;] = {&quot;Yei&quot;},
	[&quot;jek&quot;] = {&quot;Jeri Kuo&quot;},
	[&quot;jel&quot;] = {&quot;Yelmek&quot;},
	[&quot;jen&quot;] = {&quot;Dza&quot;},
	[&quot;jer&quot;] = {&quot;Jere&quot;},
	[&quot;jet&quot;] = {&quot;Manem&quot;},
	[&quot;jeu&quot;] = {&quot;Jonkor Bourmataguil&quot;},
	[&quot;jgb&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbee&quot;},
	[&quot;jge&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Georgian&quot;},
	[&quot;jgk&quot;] = {&quot;Gwak&quot;},
	[&quot;jgo&quot;] = {&quot;Ngomba&quot;},
	[&quot;jhi&quot;] = {&quot;Jehai&quot;},
	[&quot;jhs&quot;] = {&quot;Jhankot Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jia&quot;] = {&quot;Jina&quot;},
	[&quot;jib&quot;] = {&quot;Jibu&quot;},
	[&quot;jic&quot;] = {&quot;Tol&quot;},
	[&quot;jid&quot;] = {&quot;Bu&quot;},
	[&quot;jie&quot;] = {&quot;Jilbe&quot;},
	[&quot;jig&quot;] = {&quot;Djingili&quot;},
	[&quot;jih&quot;] = {&quot;sTodsde&quot;, &quot;Shangzhai&quot;},
	[&quot;jii&quot;] = {&quot;Jiiddu&quot;},
	[&quot;jil&quot;] = {&quot;Jilim&quot;},
	[&quot;jim&quot;] = {&quot;Jimi (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;jio&quot;] = {&quot;Jiamao&quot;},
	[&quot;jiq&quot;] = {&quot;Guanyinqiao&quot;, &quot;Lavrung&quot;},
	[&quot;jit&quot;] = {&quot;Jita&quot;},
	[&quot;jiu&quot;] = {&quot;Youle Jinuo&quot;},
	[&quot;jiv&quot;] = {&quot;Shuar&quot;},
	[&quot;jiy&quot;] = {&quot;Buyuan Jinuo&quot;},
	[&quot;jje&quot;] = {&quot;Jejueo&quot;},
	[&quot;jjr&quot;] = {&quot;Bankal&quot;},
	[&quot;jka&quot;] = {&quot;Kaera&quot;},
	[&quot;jkm&quot;] = {&quot;Mobwa Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;jko&quot;] = {&quot;Kubo&quot;},
	[&quot;jkp&quot;] = {&quot;Paku Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;jkr&quot;] = {&quot;Koro (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;jku&quot;] = {&quot;Labir&quot;},
	[&quot;jle&quot;] = {&quot;Ngile&quot;},
	[&quot;jls&quot;] = {&quot;Jamaican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jma&quot;] = {&quot;Dima&quot;},
	[&quot;jmb&quot;] = {&quot;Zumbun&quot;},
	[&quot;jmc&quot;] = {&quot;Machame&quot;},
	[&quot;jmd&quot;] = {&quot;Yamdena&quot;},
	[&quot;jmi&quot;] = {&quot;Jimi (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;jml&quot;] = {&quot;Jumli&quot;},
	[&quot;jmn&quot;] = {&quot;Makuri Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;jmr&quot;] = {&quot;Kamara&quot;},
	[&quot;jms&quot;] = {&quot;Mashi (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;jmw&quot;] = {&quot;Mouwase&quot;},
	[&quot;jmx&quot;] = {&quot;Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;jna&quot;] = {&quot;Jangshung&quot;},
	[&quot;jnd&quot;] = {&quot;Jandavra&quot;},
	[&quot;jng&quot;] = {&quot;Yangman&quot;},
	[&quot;jni&quot;] = {&quot;Janji&quot;},
	[&quot;jnj&quot;] = {&quot;Yemsa&quot;},
	[&quot;jnl&quot;] = {&quot;Rawat&quot;},
	[&quot;jns&quot;] = {&quot;Jaunsari&quot;},
	[&quot;job&quot;] = {&quot;Joba&quot;},
	[&quot;jod&quot;] = {&quot;Wojenaka&quot;},
	[&quot;jog&quot;] = {&quot;Jogi&quot;},
	[&quot;jor&quot;] = {&quot;Jorá&quot;},
	[&quot;jos&quot;] = {&quot;Jordanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jow&quot;] = {&quot;Jowulu&quot;},
	[&quot;jpa&quot;] = {&quot;Jewish Palestinian Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;jpr&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;jpx&quot;] = {&quot;Japanese (family)&quot;},
	[&quot;jqr&quot;] = {&quot;Jaqaru&quot;},
	[&quot;jra&quot;] = {&quot;Jarai&quot;},
	[&quot;jrb&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;jrr&quot;] = {&quot;Jiru&quot;},
	[&quot;jrt&quot;] = {&quot;Jorto&quot;},
	[&quot;jru&quot;] = {&quot;Japrería&quot;},
	[&quot;jsl&quot;] = {&quot;Japanese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jua&quot;] = {&quot;Júma&quot;},
	[&quot;jub&quot;] = {&quot;Wannu&quot;},
	[&quot;juc&quot;] = {&quot;Jurchen&quot;},
	[&quot;jud&quot;] = {&quot;Worodougou&quot;},
	[&quot;juh&quot;] = {&quot;Hõne&quot;},
	[&quot;jui&quot;] = {&quot;Ngadjuri&quot;},
	[&quot;juk&quot;] = {&quot;Wapan&quot;},
	[&quot;jul&quot;] = {&quot;Jirel&quot;},
	[&quot;jum&quot;] = {&quot;Jumjum&quot;},
	[&quot;jun&quot;] = {&quot;Juang&quot;},
	[&quot;juo&quot;] = {&quot;Jiba&quot;},
	[&quot;jup&quot;] = {&quot;Hupdë&quot;},
	[&quot;jur&quot;] = {&quot;Jurúna&quot;},
	[&quot;jus&quot;] = {&quot;Jumla Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jut&quot;] = {&quot;Jutish&quot;},
	[&quot;juu&quot;] = {&quot;Ju&quot;},
	[&quot;juw&quot;] = {&quot;Wãpha&quot;},
	[&quot;juy&quot;] = {&quot;Juray&quot;},
	[&quot;jvd&quot;] = {&quot;Javindo&quot;},
	[&quot;jvn&quot;] = {&quot;Caribbean Javanese&quot;},
	[&quot;jwi&quot;] = {&quot;Jwira-Pepesa&quot;},
	[&quot;jya&quot;] = {&quot;Jiarong&quot;},
	[&quot;jye&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Yemeni Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;jyy&quot;] = {&quot;Jaya&quot;},
	[&quot;kaa&quot;] = {&quot;Kara-Kalpak&quot;},
	[&quot;kab&quot;] = {&quot;Kabyle&quot;},
	[&quot;kac&quot;] = {&quot;Kachin&quot;, &quot;Jingpho&quot;},
	[&quot;kad&quot;] = {&quot;Adara&quot;},
	[&quot;kae&quot;] = {&quot;Ketangalan&quot;},
	[&quot;kaf&quot;] = {&quot;Katso&quot;},
	[&quot;kag&quot;] = {&quot;Kajaman&quot;},
	[&quot;kah&quot;] = {&quot;Kara (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;kai&quot;] = {&quot;Karekare&quot;},
	[&quot;kaj&quot;] = {&quot;Jju&quot;},
	[&quot;kak&quot;] = {&quot;Kalanguya&quot;, &quot;Kayapa Kallahan&quot;},
	[&quot;kam&quot;] = {&quot;Kamba (Kenya)&quot;},
	[&quot;kao&quot;] = {&quot;Xaasongaxango&quot;},
	[&quot;kap&quot;] = {&quot;Bezhta&quot;},
	[&quot;kaq&quot;] = {&quot;Capanahua&quot;},
	[&quot;kar&quot;] = {&quot;Karen languages&quot;},
	[&quot;kav&quot;] = {&quot;Katukína&quot;},
	[&quot;kaw&quot;] = {&quot;Kawi&quot;},
	[&quot;kax&quot;] = {&quot;Kao&quot;},
	[&quot;kay&quot;] = {&quot;Kamayurá&quot;},
	[&quot;kba&quot;] = {&quot;Kalarko&quot;},
	[&quot;kbb&quot;] = {&quot;Kaxuiâna&quot;},
	[&quot;kbc&quot;] = {&quot;Kadiwéu&quot;},
	[&quot;kbd&quot;] = {&quot;Kabardian&quot;},
	[&quot;kbe&quot;] = {&quot;Kanju&quot;},
	[&quot;kbg&quot;] = {&quot;Khamba&quot;},
	[&quot;kbh&quot;] = {&quot;Camsá&quot;},
	[&quot;kbi&quot;] = {&quot;Kaptiau&quot;},
	[&quot;kbj&quot;] = {&quot;Kari&quot;},
	[&quot;kbk&quot;] = {&quot;Grass Koiari&quot;},
	[&quot;kbl&quot;] = {&quot;Kanembu&quot;},
	[&quot;kbm&quot;] = {&quot;Iwal&quot;},
	[&quot;kbn&quot;] = {&quot;Kare (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;kbo&quot;] = {&quot;Keliko&quot;},
	[&quot;kbp&quot;] = {&quot;Kabiyè&quot;},
	[&quot;kbq&quot;] = {&quot;Kamano&quot;},
	[&quot;kbr&quot;] = {&quot;Kafa&quot;},
	[&quot;kbs&quot;] = {&quot;Kande&quot;},
	[&quot;kbt&quot;] = {&quot;Abadi&quot;},
	[&quot;kbu&quot;] = {&quot;Kabutra&quot;},
	[&quot;kbv&quot;] = {&quot;Dera (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;kbw&quot;] = {&quot;Kaiep&quot;},
	[&quot;kbx&quot;] = {&quot;Ap Ma&quot;},
	[&quot;kby&quot;] = {&quot;Manga Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;kbz&quot;] = {&quot;Duhwa&quot;},
	[&quot;kca&quot;] = {&quot;Khanty&quot;},
	[&quot;kcb&quot;] = {&quot;Kawacha&quot;},
	[&quot;kcc&quot;] = {&quot;Lubila&quot;},
	[&quot;kcd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngkâlmpw Kanum&quot;},
	[&quot;kce&quot;] = {&quot;Kaivi&quot;},
	[&quot;kcf&quot;] = {&quot;Ukaan&quot;},
	[&quot;kcg&quot;] = {&quot;Tyap&quot;},
	[&quot;kch&quot;] = {&quot;Vono&quot;},
	[&quot;kci&quot;] = {&quot;Kamantan&quot;},
	[&quot;kcj&quot;] = {&quot;Kobiana&quot;},
	[&quot;kck&quot;] = {&quot;Kalanga&quot;},
	[&quot;kcl&quot;] = {&quot;Kela (Papua New Guinea)&quot;, &quot;Kala&quot;},
	[&quot;kcm&quot;] = {&quot;Gula (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;kcn&quot;] = {&quot;Nubi&quot;},
	[&quot;kco&quot;] = {&quot;Kinalakna&quot;},
	[&quot;kcp&quot;] = {&quot;Kanga&quot;},
	[&quot;kcq&quot;] = {&quot;Kamo&quot;},
	[&quot;kcr&quot;] = {&quot;Katla&quot;},
	[&quot;kcs&quot;] = {&quot;Koenoem&quot;},
	[&quot;kct&quot;] = {&quot;Kaian&quot;},
	[&quot;kcu&quot;] = {&quot;Kami (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;kcv&quot;] = {&quot;Kete&quot;},
	[&quot;kcw&quot;] = {&quot;Kabwari&quot;},
	[&quot;kcx&quot;] = {&quot;Kachama-Ganjule&quot;},
	[&quot;kcy&quot;] = {&quot;Korandje&quot;},
	[&quot;kcz&quot;] = {&quot;Konongo&quot;},
	[&quot;kda&quot;] = {&quot;Worimi&quot;},
	[&quot;kdc&quot;] = {&quot;Kutu&quot;},
	[&quot;kdd&quot;] = {&quot;Yankunytjatjara&quot;},
	[&quot;kde&quot;] = {&quot;Makonde&quot;},
	[&quot;kdf&quot;] = {&quot;Mamusi&quot;},
	[&quot;kdg&quot;] = {&quot;Seba&quot;},
	[&quot;kdh&quot;] = {&quot;Tem&quot;},
	[&quot;kdi&quot;] = {&quot;Kumam&quot;},
	[&quot;kdj&quot;] = {&quot;Karamojong&quot;},
	[&quot;kdk&quot;] = {&quot;Numèè&quot;, &quot;Kwényi&quot;},
	[&quot;kdl&quot;] = {&quot;Tsikimba&quot;},
	[&quot;kdm&quot;] = {&quot;Kagoma&quot;},
	[&quot;kdn&quot;] = {&quot;Kunda&quot;},
	[&quot;kdo&quot;] = {&quot;Kordofanian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;kdp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaningdon-Nindem&quot;},
	[&quot;kdq&quot;] = {&quot;Koch&quot;},
	[&quot;kdr&quot;] = {&quot;Karaim&quot;},
	[&quot;kdt&quot;] = {&quot;Kuy&quot;},
	[&quot;kdu&quot;] = {&quot;Kadaru&quot;},
	[&quot;kdw&quot;] = {&quot;Koneraw&quot;},
	[&quot;kdx&quot;] = {&quot;Kam&quot;},
	[&quot;kdy&quot;] = {&quot;Keder&quot;, &quot;Keijar&quot;},
	[&quot;kdz&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaja&quot;},
	[&quot;kea&quot;] = {&quot;Kabuverdianu&quot;},
	[&quot;keb&quot;] = {&quot;Kélé&quot;},
	[&quot;kec&quot;] = {&quot;Keiga&quot;},
	[&quot;ked&quot;] = {&quot;Kerewe&quot;},
	[&quot;kee&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Keres&quot;},
	[&quot;kef&quot;] = {&quot;Kpessi&quot;},
	[&quot;keg&quot;] = {&quot;Tese&quot;},
	[&quot;keh&quot;] = {&quot;Keak&quot;},
	[&quot;kei&quot;] = {&quot;Kei&quot;},
	[&quot;kej&quot;] = {&quot;Kadar&quot;},
	[&quot;kek&quot;] = {&quot;Kekchí&quot;},
	[&quot;kel&quot;] = {&quot;Kela (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;kem&quot;] = {&quot;Kemak&quot;},
	[&quot;ken&quot;] = {&quot;Kenyang&quot;},
	[&quot;keo&quot;] = {&quot;Kakwa&quot;},
	[&quot;kep&quot;] = {&quot;Kaikadi&quot;},
	[&quot;keq&quot;] = {&quot;Kamar&quot;},
	[&quot;ker&quot;] = {&quot;Kera&quot;},
	[&quot;kes&quot;] = {&quot;Kugbo&quot;},
	[&quot;ket&quot;] = {&quot;Ket&quot;},
	[&quot;keu&quot;] = {&quot;Akebu&quot;},
	[&quot;kev&quot;] = {&quot;Kanikkaran&quot;},
	[&quot;kew&quot;] = {&quot;West Kewa&quot;},
	[&quot;kex&quot;] = {&quot;Kukna&quot;},
	[&quot;key&quot;] = {&quot;Kupia&quot;},
	[&quot;kez&quot;] = {&quot;Kukele&quot;},
	[&quot;kfa&quot;] = {&quot;Kodava&quot;},
	[&quot;kfb&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Kolami&quot;},
	[&quot;kfc&quot;] = {&quot;Konda-Dora&quot;},
	[&quot;kfd&quot;] = {&quot;Korra Koraga&quot;},
	[&quot;kfe&quot;] = {&quot;Kota (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;kff&quot;] = {&quot;Koya&quot;},
	[&quot;kfg&quot;] = {&quot;Kudiya&quot;},
	[&quot;kfh&quot;] = {&quot;Kurichiya&quot;},
	[&quot;kfi&quot;] = {&quot;Kannada Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;kfj&quot;] = {&quot;Kemiehua&quot;},
	[&quot;kfk&quot;] = {&quot;Kinnauri&quot;},
	[&quot;kfl&quot;] = {&quot;Kung&quot;},
	[&quot;kfm&quot;] = {&quot;Khunsari&quot;},
	[&quot;kfn&quot;] = {&quot;Kuk&quot;},
	[&quot;kfo&quot;] = {&quot;Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)&quot;},
	[&quot;kfp&quot;] = {&quot;Korwa&quot;},
	[&quot;kfq&quot;] = {&quot;Korku&quot;},
	[&quot;kfr&quot;] = {&quot;Kachhi&quot;, &quot;Kutchi&quot;},
	[&quot;kfs&quot;] = {&quot;Bilaspuri&quot;},
	[&quot;kft&quot;] = {&quot;Kanjari&quot;},
	[&quot;kfu&quot;] = {&quot;Katkari&quot;},
	[&quot;kfv&quot;] = {&quot;Kurmukar&quot;},
	[&quot;kfw&quot;] = {&quot;Kharam Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;kfx&quot;] = {&quot;Kullu Pahari&quot;},
	[&quot;kfy&quot;] = {&quot;Kumaoni&quot;},
	[&quot;kfz&quot;] = {&quot;Koromfé&quot;},
	[&quot;kga&quot;] = {&quot;Koyaga&quot;},
	[&quot;kgb&quot;] = {&quot;Kawe&quot;},
	[&quot;kge&quot;] = {&quot;Komering&quot;},
	[&quot;kgf&quot;] = {&quot;Kube&quot;},
	[&quot;kgg&quot;] = {&quot;Kusunda&quot;},
	[&quot;kgi&quot;] = {&quot;Selangor Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;kgj&quot;] = {&quot;Gamale Kham&quot;},
	[&quot;kgk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaiwá&quot;},
	[&quot;kgl&quot;] = {&quot;Kunggari&quot;},
	[&quot;kgm&quot;] = {&quot;Karipúna&quot;},
	[&quot;kgn&quot;] = {&quot;Karingani&quot;},
	[&quot;kgo&quot;] = {&quot;Krongo&quot;},
	[&quot;kgp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaingang&quot;},
	[&quot;kgq&quot;] = {&quot;Kamoro&quot;},
	[&quot;kgr&quot;] = {&quot;Abun&quot;},
	[&quot;kgs&quot;] = {&quot;Kumbainggar&quot;},
	[&quot;kgt&quot;] = {&quot;Somyev&quot;},
	[&quot;kgu&quot;] = {&quot;Kobol&quot;},
	[&quot;kgv&quot;] = {&quot;Karas&quot;},
	[&quot;kgw&quot;] = {&quot;Karon Dori&quot;},
	[&quot;kgx&quot;] = {&quot;Kamaru&quot;},
	[&quot;kgy&quot;] = {&quot;Kyerung&quot;},
	[&quot;kha&quot;] = {&quot;Khasi&quot;},
	[&quot;khb&quot;] = {&quot;Lü&quot;},
	[&quot;khc&quot;] = {&quot;Tukang Besi North&quot;},
	[&quot;khd&quot;] = {&quot;Bädi Kanum&quot;},
	[&quot;khe&quot;] = {&quot;Korowai&quot;},
	[&quot;khf&quot;] = {&quot;Khuen&quot;},
	[&quot;khg&quot;] = {&quot;Khams Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;khh&quot;] = {&quot;Kehu&quot;},
	[&quot;khi&quot;] = {&quot;Khoisan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;khj&quot;] = {&quot;Kuturmi&quot;},
	[&quot;khk&quot;] = {&quot;Halh Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;khl&quot;] = {&quot;Lusi&quot;},
	[&quot;khn&quot;] = {&quot;Khandesi&quot;},
	[&quot;kho&quot;] = {&quot;Khotanese&quot;, &quot;Sakan&quot;},
	[&quot;khp&quot;] = {&quot;Kapori&quot;, &quot;Kapauri&quot;},
	[&quot;khq&quot;] = {&quot;Koyra Chiini Songhay&quot;},
	[&quot;khr&quot;] = {&quot;Kharia&quot;},
	[&quot;khs&quot;] = {&quot;Kasua&quot;},
	[&quot;kht&quot;] = {&quot;Khamti&quot;},
	[&quot;khu&quot;] = {&quot;Nkhumbi&quot;},
	[&quot;khv&quot;] = {&quot;Khvarshi&quot;},
	[&quot;khw&quot;] = {&quot;Khowar&quot;},
	[&quot;khx&quot;] = {&quot;Kanu&quot;},
	[&quot;khy&quot;] = {&quot;Kele (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;khz&quot;] = {&quot;Keapara&quot;},
	[&quot;kia&quot;] = {&quot;Kim&quot;},
	[&quot;kib&quot;] = {&quot;Koalib&quot;},
	[&quot;kic&quot;] = {&quot;Kickapoo&quot;},
	[&quot;kid&quot;] = {&quot;Koshin&quot;},
	[&quot;kie&quot;] = {&quot;Kibet&quot;},
	[&quot;kif&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Parbate Kham&quot;},
	[&quot;kig&quot;] = {&quot;Kimaama&quot;, &quot;Kimaghima&quot;},
	[&quot;kih&quot;] = {&quot;Kilmeri&quot;},
	[&quot;kii&quot;] = {&quot;Kitsai&quot;},
	[&quot;kij&quot;] = {&quot;Kilivila&quot;},
	[&quot;kil&quot;] = {&quot;Kariya&quot;},
	[&quot;kim&quot;] = {&quot;Karagas&quot;},
	[&quot;kio&quot;] = {&quot;Kiowa&quot;},
	[&quot;kip&quot;] = {&quot;Sheshi Kham&quot;},
	[&quot;kiq&quot;] = {&quot;Kosadle&quot;, &quot;Kosare&quot;},
	[&quot;kis&quot;] = {&quot;Kis&quot;},
	[&quot;kit&quot;] = {&quot;Agob&quot;},
	[&quot;kiu&quot;] = {&quot;Kirmanjki (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;kiv&quot;] = {&quot;Kimbu&quot;},
	[&quot;kiw&quot;] = {&quot;Northeast Kiwai&quot;},
	[&quot;kix&quot;] = {&quot;Khiamniungan Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;kiy&quot;] = {&quot;Kirikiri&quot;},
	[&quot;kiz&quot;] = {&quot;Kisi&quot;},
	[&quot;kja&quot;] = {&quot;Mlap&quot;},
	[&quot;kjb&quot;] = {&quot;Q'anjob'al&quot;, &quot;Kanjobal&quot;},
	[&quot;kjc&quot;] = {&quot;Coastal Konjo&quot;},
	[&quot;kjd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kiwai&quot;},
	[&quot;kje&quot;] = {&quot;Kisar&quot;},
	[&quot;kjf&quot;] = {&quot;Khalaj&quot;},
	[&quot;kjg&quot;] = {&quot;Khmu&quot;},
	[&quot;kjh&quot;] = {&quot;Khakas&quot;},
	[&quot;kji&quot;] = {&quot;Zabana&quot;},
	[&quot;kjj&quot;] = {&quot;Khinalugh&quot;},
	[&quot;kjk&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Konjo&quot;},
	[&quot;kjl&quot;] = {&quot;Western Parbate Kham&quot;},
	[&quot;kjm&quot;] = {&quot;Kháng&quot;},
	[&quot;kjn&quot;] = {&quot;Kunjen&quot;},
	[&quot;kjo&quot;] = {&quot;Harijan Kinnauri&quot;},
	[&quot;kjp&quot;] = {&quot;Pwo Eastern Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kjq&quot;] = {&quot;Western Keres&quot;},
	[&quot;kjr&quot;] = {&quot;Kurudu&quot;},
	[&quot;kjs&quot;] = {&quot;East Kewa&quot;},
	[&quot;kjt&quot;] = {&quot;Phrae Pwo Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kju&quot;] = {&quot;Kashaya&quot;},
	[&quot;kjv&quot;] = {&quot;Kaikavian Literary Language&quot;},
	[&quot;kjx&quot;] = {&quot;Ramopa&quot;},
	[&quot;kjy&quot;] = {&quot;Erave&quot;},
	[&quot;kjz&quot;] = {&quot;Bumthangkha&quot;},
	[&quot;kka&quot;] = {&quot;Kakanda&quot;},
	[&quot;kkb&quot;] = {&quot;Kwerisa&quot;},
	[&quot;kkc&quot;] = {&quot;Odoodee&quot;},
	[&quot;kkd&quot;] = {&quot;Kinuku&quot;},
	[&quot;kke&quot;] = {&quot;Kakabe&quot;},
	[&quot;kkf&quot;] = {&quot;Kalaktang Monpa&quot;},
	[&quot;kkg&quot;] = {&quot;Mabaka Valley Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kkh&quot;] = {&quot;Khün&quot;},
	[&quot;kki&quot;] = {&quot;Kagulu&quot;},
	[&quot;kkj&quot;] = {&quot;Kako&quot;},
	[&quot;kkk&quot;] = {&quot;Kokota&quot;},
	[&quot;kkl&quot;] = {&quot;Kosarek Yale&quot;},
	[&quot;kkm&quot;] = {&quot;Kiong&quot;},
	[&quot;kkn&quot;] = {&quot;Kon Keu&quot;},
	[&quot;kko&quot;] = {&quot;Karko&quot;},
	[&quot;kkp&quot;] = {&quot;Gugubera&quot;},
	[&quot;kkq&quot;] = {&quot;Kaiku&quot;},
	[&quot;kkr&quot;] = {&quot;Kir-Balar&quot;},
	[&quot;kks&quot;] = {&quot;Giiwo&quot;},
	[&quot;kkt&quot;] = {&quot;Koi&quot;},
	[&quot;kku&quot;] = {&quot;Tumi&quot;},
	[&quot;kkv&quot;] = {&quot;Kangean&quot;},
	[&quot;kkw&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Kukuya&quot;},
	[&quot;kkx&quot;] = {&quot;Kohin&quot;},
	[&quot;kky&quot;] = {&quot;Guguyimidjir&quot;},
	[&quot;kkz&quot;] = {&quot;Kaska&quot;},
	[&quot;kla&quot;] = {&quot;Klamath-Modoc&quot;},
	[&quot;klb&quot;] = {&quot;Kiliwa&quot;},
	[&quot;klc&quot;] = {&quot;Kolbila&quot;},
	[&quot;kld&quot;] = {&quot;Gamilaraay&quot;},
	[&quot;kle&quot;] = {&quot;Kulung (Nepal)&quot;},
	[&quot;klf&quot;] = {&quot;Kendeje&quot;},
	[&quot;klg&quot;] = {&quot;Tagakaulo&quot;},
	[&quot;klh&quot;] = {&quot;Weliki&quot;},
	[&quot;kli&quot;] = {&quot;Kalumpang&quot;},
	[&quot;klj&quot;] = {&quot;Turkic Khalaj&quot;},
	[&quot;klk&quot;] = {&quot;Kono (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;kll&quot;] = {&quot;Kagan Kalagan&quot;},
	[&quot;klm&quot;] = {&quot;Migum&quot;},
	[&quot;kln&quot;] = {&quot;Kalenjin&quot;},
	[&quot;klo&quot;] = {&quot;Kapya&quot;},
	[&quot;klp&quot;] = {&quot;Kamasa&quot;},
	[&quot;klq&quot;] = {&quot;Rumu&quot;},
	[&quot;klr&quot;] = {&quot;Khaling&quot;},
	[&quot;kls&quot;] = {&quot;Kalasha&quot;},
	[&quot;klt&quot;] = {&quot;Nukna&quot;},
	[&quot;klu&quot;] = {&quot;Klao&quot;},
	[&quot;klv&quot;] = {&quot;Maskelynes&quot;},
	[&quot;klw&quot;] = {&quot;Tado&quot;, &quot;Lindu&quot;},
	[&quot;klx&quot;] = {&quot;Koluwawa&quot;},
	[&quot;kly&quot;] = {&quot;Kalao&quot;},
	[&quot;klz&quot;] = {&quot;Kabola&quot;},
	[&quot;kma&quot;] = {&quot;Konni&quot;},
	[&quot;kmb&quot;] = {&quot;Kimbundu&quot;},
	[&quot;kmc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Dong&quot;},
	[&quot;kmd&quot;] = {&quot;Majukayang Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kme&quot;] = {&quot;Bakole&quot;},
	[&quot;kmf&quot;] = {&quot;Kare (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;kmg&quot;] = {&quot;Kâte&quot;},
	[&quot;kmh&quot;] = {&quot;Kalam&quot;},
	[&quot;kmi&quot;] = {&quot;Kami (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;kmj&quot;] = {&quot;Kumarbhag Paharia&quot;},
	[&quot;kmk&quot;] = {&quot;Limos Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kml&quot;] = {&quot;Tanudan Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kmm&quot;] = {&quot;Kom (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;kmn&quot;] = {&quot;Awtuw&quot;},
	[&quot;kmo&quot;] = {&quot;Kwoma&quot;},
	[&quot;kmp&quot;] = {&quot;Gimme&quot;},
	[&quot;kmq&quot;] = {&quot;Kwama&quot;},
	[&quot;kmr&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Kurdish&quot;},
	[&quot;kms&quot;] = {&quot;Kamasau&quot;},
	[&quot;kmt&quot;] = {&quot;Kemtuik&quot;},
	[&quot;kmu&quot;] = {&quot;Kanite&quot;},
	[&quot;kmv&quot;] = {&quot;Karipúna Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;kmw&quot;] = {&quot;Komo (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;kmx&quot;] = {&quot;Waboda&quot;},
	[&quot;kmy&quot;] = {&quot;Koma&quot;},
	[&quot;kmz&quot;] = {&quot;Khorasani Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;kna&quot;] = {&quot;Dera (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;knb&quot;] = {&quot;Lubuagan Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;knc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;knd&quot;] = {&quot;Konda&quot;},
	[&quot;kne&quot;] = {&quot;Kankanaey&quot;},
	[&quot;knf&quot;] = {&quot;Mankanya&quot;},
	[&quot;kng&quot;] = {&quot;Koongo&quot;},
	[&quot;kni&quot;] = {&quot;Kanufi&quot;},
	[&quot;knj&quot;] = {&quot;Western Kanjobal&quot;},
	[&quot;knk&quot;] = {&quot;Kuranko&quot;},
	[&quot;knl&quot;] = {&quot;Keninjal&quot;},
	[&quot;knm&quot;] = {&quot;Kanamarí&quot;},
	[&quot;knn&quot;] = {&quot;Konkani (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;kno&quot;] = {&quot;Kono (Sierra Leone)&quot;},
	[&quot;knp&quot;] = {&quot;Kwanja&quot;},
	[&quot;knq&quot;] = {&quot;Kintaq&quot;},
	[&quot;knr&quot;] = {&quot;Kaningra&quot;},
	[&quot;kns&quot;] = {&quot;Kensiu&quot;},
	[&quot;knt&quot;] = {&quot;Panoan Katukína&quot;},
	[&quot;knu&quot;] = {&quot;Kono (Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;knv&quot;] = {&quot;Tabo&quot;},
	[&quot;knw&quot;] = {&quot;Kung-Ekoka&quot;},
	[&quot;knx&quot;] = {&quot;Kendayan&quot;, &quot;Salako&quot;},
	[&quot;kny&quot;] = {&quot;Kanyok&quot;},
	[&quot;knz&quot;] = {&quot;Kalamsé&quot;},
	[&quot;koa&quot;] = {&quot;Konomala&quot;},
	[&quot;koc&quot;] = {&quot;Kpati&quot;},
	[&quot;kod&quot;] = {&quot;Kodi&quot;},
	[&quot;koe&quot;] = {&quot;Kacipo-Balesi&quot;},
	[&quot;kof&quot;] = {&quot;Kubi&quot;},
	[&quot;kog&quot;] = {&quot;Cogui&quot;, &quot;Kogi&quot;},
	[&quot;koh&quot;] = {&quot;Koyo&quot;},
	[&quot;koi&quot;] = {&quot;Komi-Permyak&quot;},
	[&quot;kok&quot;] = {&quot;Konkani (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;kol&quot;] = {&quot;Kol (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;koo&quot;] = {&quot;Konzo&quot;},
	[&quot;kop&quot;] = {&quot;Waube&quot;},
	[&quot;koq&quot;] = {&quot;Kota (Gabon)&quot;},
	[&quot;kos&quot;] = {&quot;Kosraean&quot;},
	[&quot;kot&quot;] = {&quot;Lagwan&quot;},
	[&quot;kou&quot;] = {&quot;Koke&quot;},
	[&quot;kov&quot;] = {&quot;Kudu-Camo&quot;},
	[&quot;kow&quot;] = {&quot;Kugama&quot;},
	[&quot;koy&quot;] = {&quot;Koyukon&quot;},
	[&quot;koz&quot;] = {&quot;Korak&quot;},
	[&quot;kpa&quot;] = {&quot;Kutto&quot;},
	[&quot;kpb&quot;] = {&quot;Mullu Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;kpc&quot;] = {&quot;Curripaco&quot;},
	[&quot;kpd&quot;] = {&quot;Koba&quot;},
	[&quot;kpe&quot;] = {&quot;Kpelle&quot;},
	[&quot;kpf&quot;] = {&quot;Komba&quot;},
	[&quot;kpg&quot;] = {&quot;Kapingamarangi&quot;},
	[&quot;kph&quot;] = {&quot;Kplang&quot;},
	[&quot;kpi&quot;] = {&quot;Kofei&quot;},
	[&quot;kpj&quot;] = {&quot;Karajá&quot;},
	[&quot;kpk&quot;] = {&quot;Kpan&quot;},
	[&quot;kpl&quot;] = {&quot;Kpala&quot;},
	[&quot;kpm&quot;] = {&quot;Koho&quot;},
	[&quot;kpn&quot;] = {&quot;Kepkiriwát&quot;},
	[&quot;kpo&quot;] = {&quot;Ikposo&quot;},
	[&quot;kpq&quot;] = {&quot;Korupun-Sela&quot;},
	[&quot;kpr&quot;] = {&quot;Korafe-Yegha&quot;},
	[&quot;kps&quot;] = {&quot;Tehit&quot;},
	[&quot;kpt&quot;] = {&quot;Karata&quot;},
	[&quot;kpu&quot;] = {&quot;Kafoa&quot;},
	[&quot;kpv&quot;] = {&quot;Komi-Zyrian&quot;},
	[&quot;kpw&quot;] = {&quot;Kobon&quot;},
	[&quot;kpx&quot;] = {&quot;Mountain Koiali&quot;},
	[&quot;kpy&quot;] = {&quot;Koryak&quot;},
	[&quot;kpz&quot;] = {&quot;Kupsabiny&quot;},
	[&quot;kqa&quot;] = {&quot;Mum&quot;},
	[&quot;kqb&quot;] = {&quot;Kovai&quot;},
	[&quot;kqc&quot;] = {&quot;Doromu-Koki&quot;},
	[&quot;kqd&quot;] = {&quot;Koy Sanjaq Surat&quot;},
	[&quot;kqe&quot;] = {&quot;Kalagan&quot;},
	[&quot;kqf&quot;] = {&quot;Kakabai&quot;},
	[&quot;kqg&quot;] = {&quot;Khe&quot;},
	[&quot;kqh&quot;] = {&quot;Kisankasa&quot;},
	[&quot;kqi&quot;] = {&quot;Koitabu&quot;},
	[&quot;kqj&quot;] = {&quot;Koromira&quot;},
	[&quot;kqk&quot;] = {&quot;Kotafon Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;kql&quot;] = {&quot;Kyenele&quot;},
	[&quot;kqm&quot;] = {&quot;Khisa&quot;},
	[&quot;kqn&quot;] = {&quot;Kaonde&quot;},
	[&quot;kqo&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Krahn&quot;},
	[&quot;kqp&quot;] = {&quot;Kimré&quot;},
	[&quot;kqq&quot;] = {&quot;Krenak&quot;},
	[&quot;kqr&quot;] = {&quot;Kimaragang&quot;},
	[&quot;kqs&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Kissi&quot;},
	[&quot;kqt&quot;] = {&quot;Klias River Kadazan&quot;},
	[&quot;kqu&quot;] = {&quot;Seroa&quot;},
	[&quot;kqv&quot;] = {&quot;Okolod&quot;},
	[&quot;kqw&quot;] = {&quot;Kandas&quot;},
	[&quot;kqx&quot;] = {&quot;Mser&quot;},
	[&quot;kqy&quot;] = {&quot;Koorete&quot;},
	[&quot;kqz&quot;] = {&quot;Korana&quot;},
	[&quot;kra&quot;] = {&quot;Kumhali&quot;},
	[&quot;krb&quot;] = {&quot;Karkin&quot;},
	[&quot;krc&quot;] = {&quot;Karachay-Balkar&quot;},
	[&quot;krd&quot;] = {&quot;Kairui-Midiki&quot;},
	[&quot;kre&quot;] = {&quot;Panará&quot;},
	[&quot;krf&quot;] = {&quot;Koro (Vanuatu)&quot;},
	[&quot;krh&quot;] = {&quot;Kurama&quot;},
	[&quot;kri&quot;] = {&quot;Krio&quot;},
	[&quot;krj&quot;] = {&quot;Kinaray-A&quot;},
	[&quot;krk&quot;] = {&quot;Kerek&quot;},
	[&quot;krl&quot;] = {&quot;Karelian&quot;},
	[&quot;krn&quot;] = {&quot;Sapo&quot;},
	[&quot;kro&quot;] = {&quot;Kru languages&quot;},
	[&quot;krp&quot;] = {&quot;Korop&quot;},
	[&quot;krr&quot;] = {&quot;Krung&quot;},
	[&quot;krs&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya (Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;krt&quot;] = {&quot;Tumari Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;kru&quot;] = {&quot;Kurukh&quot;},
	[&quot;krv&quot;] = {&quot;Kavet&quot;},
	[&quot;krw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Krahn&quot;},
	[&quot;krx&quot;] = {&quot;Karon&quot;},
	[&quot;kry&quot;] = {&quot;Kryts&quot;},
	[&quot;krz&quot;] = {&quot;Sota Kanum&quot;},
	[&quot;ksa&quot;] = {&quot;Shuwa-Zamani&quot;},
	[&quot;ksb&quot;] = {&quot;Shambala&quot;},
	[&quot;ksc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;ksd&quot;] = {&quot;Kuanua&quot;},
	[&quot;kse&quot;] = {&quot;Kuni&quot;},
	[&quot;ksf&quot;] = {&quot;Bafia&quot;},
	[&quot;ksg&quot;] = {&quot;Kusaghe&quot;},
	[&quot;ksh&quot;] = {&quot;Kölsch&quot;},
	[&quot;ksi&quot;] = {&quot;Krisa&quot;, &quot;I'saka&quot;},
	[&quot;ksj&quot;] = {&quot;Uare&quot;},
	[&quot;ksk&quot;] = {&quot;Kansa&quot;},
	[&quot;ksl&quot;] = {&quot;Kumalu&quot;},
	[&quot;ksm&quot;] = {&quot;Kumba&quot;},
	[&quot;ksn&quot;] = {&quot;Kasiguranin&quot;},
	[&quot;kso&quot;] = {&quot;Kofa&quot;},
	[&quot;ksp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaba&quot;},
	[&quot;ksq&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaami&quot;},
	[&quot;ksr&quot;] = {&quot;Borong&quot;},
	[&quot;kss&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kisi&quot;},
	[&quot;kst&quot;] = {&quot;Winyé&quot;},
	[&quot;ksu&quot;] = {&quot;Khamyang&quot;},
	[&quot;ksv&quot;] = {&quot;Kusu&quot;},
	[&quot;ksw&quot;] = {&quot;S'gaw Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;ksx&quot;] = {&quot;Kedang&quot;},
	[&quot;ksy&quot;] = {&quot;Kharia Thar&quot;},
	[&quot;ksz&quot;] = {&quot;Kodaku&quot;},
	[&quot;kta&quot;] = {&quot;Katua&quot;},
	[&quot;ktb&quot;] = {&quot;Kambaata&quot;},
	[&quot;ktc&quot;] = {&quot;Kholok&quot;},
	[&quot;ktd&quot;] = {&quot;Kokata&quot;},
	[&quot;kte&quot;] = {&quot;Nubri&quot;},
	[&quot;ktf&quot;] = {&quot;Kwami&quot;},
	[&quot;ktg&quot;] = {&quot;Kalkutung&quot;},
	[&quot;kth&quot;] = {&quot;Karanga&quot;},
	[&quot;kti&quot;] = {&quot;North Muyu&quot;},
	[&quot;ktj&quot;] = {&quot;Plapo Krumen&quot;},
	[&quot;ktk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaniet&quot;},
	[&quot;ktl&quot;] = {&quot;Koroshi&quot;},
	[&quot;ktm&quot;] = {&quot;Kurti&quot;},
	[&quot;ktn&quot;] = {&quot;Karitiâna&quot;},
	[&quot;kto&quot;] = {&quot;Kuot&quot;},
	[&quot;ktp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaduo&quot;},
	[&quot;ktq&quot;] = {&quot;Katabaga&quot;},
	[&quot;kts&quot;] = {&quot;South Muyu&quot;},
	[&quot;ktt&quot;] = {&quot;Ketum&quot;},
	[&quot;ktu&quot;] = {&quot;Kituba (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;ktv&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Katu&quot;},
	[&quot;ktw&quot;] = {&quot;Kato&quot;},
	[&quot;ktx&quot;] = {&quot;Kaxararí&quot;},
	[&quot;kty&quot;] = {&quot;Kango (Bas-Uélé District)&quot;},
	[&quot;ktz&quot;] = {&quot;Ju/'hoan&quot;, &quot;Juǀʼhoan&quot;, &quot;Juǀʼhoansi&quot;},
	[&quot;kub&quot;] = {&quot;Kutep&quot;},
	[&quot;kuc&quot;] = {&quot;Kwinsu&quot;},
	[&quot;kud&quot;] = {&quot;'Auhelawa&quot;},
	[&quot;kue&quot;] = {&quot;Kuman (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;kuf&quot;] = {&quot;Western Katu&quot;},
	[&quot;kug&quot;] = {&quot;Kupa&quot;},
	[&quot;kuh&quot;] = {&quot;Kushi&quot;},
	[&quot;kui&quot;] = {&quot;Kuikúro-Kalapálo&quot;},
	[&quot;kuj&quot;] = {&quot;Kuria&quot;},
	[&quot;kuk&quot;] = {&quot;Kepo'&quot;},
	[&quot;kul&quot;] = {&quot;Kulere&quot;},
	[&quot;kum&quot;] = {&quot;Kumyk&quot;},
	[&quot;kun&quot;] = {&quot;Kunama&quot;},
	[&quot;kuo&quot;] = {&quot;Kumukio&quot;},
	[&quot;kup&quot;] = {&quot;Kunimaipa&quot;},
	[&quot;kuq&quot;] = {&quot;Karipuna&quot;},
	[&quot;kus&quot;] = {&quot;Kusaal&quot;},
	[&quot;kut&quot;] = {&quot;Kutenai&quot;},
	[&quot;kuu&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Kuskokwim&quot;},
	[&quot;kuv&quot;] = {&quot;Kur&quot;},
	[&quot;kuw&quot;] = {&quot;Kpagua&quot;},
	[&quot;kux&quot;] = {&quot;Kukatja&quot;},
	[&quot;kuy&quot;] = {&quot;Kuuku-Ya'u&quot;},
	[&quot;kuz&quot;] = {&quot;Kunza&quot;},
	[&quot;kva&quot;] = {&quot;Bagvalal&quot;},
	[&quot;kvb&quot;] = {&quot;Kubu&quot;},
	[&quot;kvc&quot;] = {&quot;Kove&quot;},
	[&quot;kvd&quot;] = {&quot;Kui (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;kve&quot;] = {&quot;Kalabakan&quot;},
	[&quot;kvf&quot;] = {&quot;Kabalai&quot;},
	[&quot;kvg&quot;] = {&quot;Kuni-Boazi&quot;},
	[&quot;kvh&quot;] = {&quot;Komodo&quot;},
	[&quot;kvi&quot;] = {&quot;Kwang&quot;},
	[&quot;kvj&quot;] = {&quot;Psikye&quot;},
	[&quot;kvk&quot;] = {&quot;Korean Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;kvl&quot;] = {&quot;Kayaw&quot;},
	[&quot;kvm&quot;] = {&quot;Kendem&quot;},
	[&quot;kvn&quot;] = {&quot;Border Kuna&quot;},
	[&quot;kvo&quot;] = {&quot;Dobel&quot;},
	[&quot;kvp&quot;] = {&quot;Kompane&quot;},
	[&quot;kvq&quot;] = {&quot;Geba Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kvr&quot;] = {&quot;Kerinci&quot;},
	[&quot;kvt&quot;] = {&quot;Lahta Karen&quot;, &quot;Lahta&quot;},
	[&quot;kvu&quot;] = {&quot;Yinbaw Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kvv&quot;] = {&quot;Kola&quot;},
	[&quot;kvw&quot;] = {&quot;Wersing&quot;},
	[&quot;kvx&quot;] = {&quot;Parkari Koli&quot;},
	[&quot;kvy&quot;] = {&quot;Yintale Karen&quot;, &quot;Yintale&quot;},
	[&quot;kvz&quot;] = {&quot;Tsakwambo&quot;, &quot;Tsaukambo&quot;},
	[&quot;kwa&quot;] = {&quot;Dâw&quot;},
	[&quot;kwb&quot;] = {&quot;Kwa&quot;},
	[&quot;kwc&quot;] = {&quot;Likwala&quot;},
	[&quot;kwd&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaio&quot;},
	[&quot;kwe&quot;] = {&quot;Kwerba&quot;},
	[&quot;kwf&quot;] = {&quot;Kwara'ae&quot;},
	[&quot;kwg&quot;] = {&quot;Sara Kaba Deme&quot;},
	[&quot;kwh&quot;] = {&quot;Kowiai&quot;},
	[&quot;kwi&quot;] = {&quot;Awa-Cuaiquer&quot;},
	[&quot;kwj&quot;] = {&quot;Kwanga&quot;},
	[&quot;kwk&quot;] = {&quot;Kwakiutl&quot;},
	[&quot;kwl&quot;] = {&quot;Kofyar&quot;},
	[&quot;kwm&quot;] = {&quot;Kwambi&quot;},
	[&quot;kwn&quot;] = {&quot;Kwangali&quot;},
	[&quot;kwo&quot;] = {&quot;Kwomtari&quot;},
	[&quot;kwp&quot;] = {&quot;Kodia&quot;},
	[&quot;kwr&quot;] = {&quot;Kwer&quot;},
	[&quot;kws&quot;] = {&quot;Kwese&quot;},
	[&quot;kwt&quot;] = {&quot;Kwesten&quot;},
	[&quot;kwu&quot;] = {&quot;Kwakum&quot;},
	[&quot;kwv&quot;] = {&quot;Sara Kaba Náà&quot;},
	[&quot;kww&quot;] = {&quot;Kwinti&quot;},
	[&quot;kwx&quot;] = {&quot;Khirwar&quot;},
	[&quot;kwy&quot;] = {&quot;San Salvador Kongo&quot;},
	[&quot;kwz&quot;] = {&quot;Kwadi&quot;},
	[&quot;kxa&quot;] = {&quot;Kairiru&quot;},
	[&quot;kxb&quot;] = {&quot;Krobu&quot;},
	[&quot;kxc&quot;] = {&quot;Konso&quot;, &quot;Khonso&quot;},
	[&quot;kxd&quot;] = {&quot;Brunei&quot;},
	[&quot;kxf&quot;] = {&quot;Manumanaw Karen&quot;, &quot;Manumanaw&quot;},
	[&quot;kxh&quot;] = {&quot;Karo (Ethiopia)&quot;},
	[&quot;kxi&quot;] = {&quot;Keningau Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;kxj&quot;] = {&quot;Kulfa&quot;},
	[&quot;kxk&quot;] = {&quot;Zayein Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kxl&quot;] = {&quot;Nepali Kurux&quot;},
	[&quot;kxm&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Khmer&quot;},
	[&quot;kxn&quot;] = {&quot;Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau&quot;},
	[&quot;kxo&quot;] = {&quot;Kanoé&quot;},
	[&quot;kxp&quot;] = {&quot;Wadiyara Koli&quot;},
	[&quot;kxq&quot;] = {&quot;Smärky Kanum&quot;},
	[&quot;kxr&quot;] = {&quot;Koro (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;kxs&quot;] = {&quot;Kangjia&quot;},
	[&quot;kxt&quot;] = {&quot;Koiwat&quot;},
	[&quot;kxu&quot;] = {&quot;Kui (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;kxv&quot;] = {&quot;Kuvi&quot;},
	[&quot;kxw&quot;] = {&quot;Konai&quot;},
	[&quot;kxx&quot;] = {&quot;Likuba&quot;},
	[&quot;kxy&quot;] = {&quot;Kayong&quot;},
	[&quot;kxz&quot;] = {&quot;Kerewo&quot;},
	[&quot;kya&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaya&quot;},
	[&quot;kyb&quot;] = {&quot;Butbut Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kyc&quot;] = {&quot;Kyaka&quot;},
	[&quot;kyd&quot;] = {&quot;Karey&quot;},
	[&quot;kye&quot;] = {&quot;Krache&quot;},
	[&quot;kyf&quot;] = {&quot;Kouya&quot;},
	[&quot;kyg&quot;] = {&quot;Keyagana&quot;},
	[&quot;kyh&quot;] = {&quot;Karok&quot;},
	[&quot;kyi&quot;] = {&quot;Kiput&quot;},
	[&quot;kyj&quot;] = {&quot;Karao&quot;},
	[&quot;kyk&quot;] = {&quot;Kamayo&quot;},
	[&quot;kyl&quot;] = {&quot;Kalapuya&quot;},
	[&quot;kym&quot;] = {&quot;Kpatili&quot;},
	[&quot;kyn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Binukidnon&quot;},
	[&quot;kyo&quot;] = {&quot;Kelon&quot;},
	[&quot;kyp&quot;] = {&quot;Kang&quot;},
	[&quot;kyq&quot;] = {&quot;Kenga&quot;},
	[&quot;kyr&quot;] = {&quot;Kuruáya&quot;},
	[&quot;kys&quot;] = {&quot;Baram Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;kyt&quot;] = {&quot;Kayagar&quot;},
	[&quot;kyu&quot;] = {&quot;Western Kayah&quot;},
	[&quot;kyv&quot;] = {&quot;Kayort&quot;},
	[&quot;kyw&quot;] = {&quot;Kudmali&quot;},
	[&quot;kyx&quot;] = {&quot;Rapoisi&quot;},
	[&quot;kyy&quot;] = {&quot;Kambaira&quot;},
	[&quot;kyz&quot;] = {&quot;Kayabí&quot;},
	[&quot;kza&quot;] = {&quot;Western Karaboro&quot;},
	[&quot;kzb&quot;] = {&quot;Kaibobo&quot;},
	[&quot;kzc&quot;] = {&quot;Bondoukou Kulango&quot;},
	[&quot;kzd&quot;] = {&quot;Kadai&quot;},
	[&quot;kze&quot;] = {&quot;Kosena&quot;},
	[&quot;kzf&quot;] = {&quot;Da'a Kaili&quot;},
	[&quot;kzg&quot;] = {&quot;Kikai&quot;},
	[&quot;kzi&quot;] = {&quot;Kelabit&quot;},
	[&quot;kzk&quot;] = {&quot;Kazukuru&quot;},
	[&quot;kzl&quot;] = {&quot;Kayeli&quot;},
	[&quot;kzm&quot;] = {&quot;Kais&quot;},
	[&quot;kzn&quot;] = {&quot;Kokola&quot;},
	[&quot;kzo&quot;] = {&quot;Kaningi&quot;},
	[&quot;kzp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaidipang&quot;},
	[&quot;kzq&quot;] = {&quot;Kaike&quot;},
	[&quot;kzr&quot;] = {&quot;Karang&quot;},
	[&quot;kzs&quot;] = {&quot;Sugut Dusun&quot;},
	[&quot;kzu&quot;] = {&quot;Kayupulau&quot;},
	[&quot;kzv&quot;] = {&quot;Komyandaret&quot;},
	[&quot;kzw&quot;] = {&quot;Karirí-Xocó&quot;},
	[&quot;kzx&quot;] = {&quot;Kamarian&quot;},
	[&quot;kzy&quot;] = {&quot;Kango (Tshopo District)&quot;},
	[&quot;kzz&quot;] = {&quot;Kalabra&quot;},
	[&quot;laa&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Subanen&quot;},
	[&quot;lab&quot;] = {&quot;Linear A&quot;},
	[&quot;lac&quot;] = {&quot;Lacandon&quot;},
	[&quot;lad&quot;] = {&quot;Ladino&quot;},
	[&quot;lae&quot;] = {&quot;Pattani&quot;},
	[&quot;laf&quot;] = {&quot;Lafofa&quot;},
	[&quot;lag&quot;] = {&quot;Langi&quot;},
	[&quot;lah&quot;] = {&quot;Lahnda&quot;},
	[&quot;lai&quot;] = {&quot;Lambya&quot;},
	[&quot;laj&quot;] = {&quot;Lango (Uganda)&quot;},
	[&quot;lak&quot;] = {&quot;Laka (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;lal&quot;] = {&quot;Lalia&quot;},
	[&quot;lam&quot;] = {&quot;Lamba&quot;},
	[&quot;lan&quot;] = {&quot;Laru&quot;},
	[&quot;lap&quot;] = {&quot;Laka (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;laq&quot;] = {&quot;Qabiao&quot;},
	[&quot;lar&quot;] = {&quot;Larteh&quot;},
	[&quot;las&quot;] = {&quot;Lama (Togo)&quot;},
	[&quot;lau&quot;] = {&quot;Laba&quot;},
	[&quot;law&quot;] = {&quot;Lauje&quot;},
	[&quot;lax&quot;] = {&quot;Tiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;lay&quot;] = {&quot;Lama Bai&quot;},
	[&quot;laz&quot;] = {&quot;Aribwatsa&quot;},
	[&quot;lba&quot;] = {&quot;Lui&quot;},
	[&quot;lbb&quot;] = {&quot;Label&quot;},
	[&quot;lbc&quot;] = {&quot;Lakkia&quot;},
	[&quot;lbe&quot;] = {&quot;Lak&quot;},
	[&quot;lbf&quot;] = {&quot;Tinani&quot;},
	[&quot;lbg&quot;] = {&quot;Laopang&quot;},
	[&quot;lbi&quot;] = {&quot;La'bi&quot;},
	[&quot;lbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ladakhi&quot;},
	[&quot;lbk&quot;] = {&quot;Central Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;lbl&quot;] = {&quot;Libon Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;lbm&quot;] = {&quot;Lodhi&quot;},
	[&quot;lbn&quot;] = {&quot;Lamet&quot;},
	[&quot;lbo&quot;] = {&quot;Laven&quot;},
	[&quot;lbq&quot;] = {&quot;Wampar&quot;},
	[&quot;lbr&quot;] = {&quot;Lohorung&quot;},
	[&quot;lbs&quot;] = {&quot;Libyan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lbt&quot;] = {&quot;Lachi&quot;},
	[&quot;lbu&quot;] = {&quot;Labu&quot;},
	[&quot;lbv&quot;] = {&quot;Lavatbura-Lamusong&quot;},
	[&quot;lbw&quot;] = {&quot;Tolaki&quot;},
	[&quot;lbx&quot;] = {&quot;Lawangan&quot;},
	[&quot;lby&quot;] = {&quot;Lamu-Lamu&quot;},
	[&quot;lbz&quot;] = {&quot;Lardil&quot;},
	[&quot;lcc&quot;] = {&quot;Legenyem&quot;},
	[&quot;lcd&quot;] = {&quot;Lola&quot;},
	[&quot;lce&quot;] = {&quot;Loncong&quot;, &quot;Sekak&quot;},
	[&quot;lcf&quot;] = {&quot;Lubu&quot;},
	[&quot;lch&quot;] = {&quot;Luchazi&quot;},
	[&quot;lcl&quot;] = {&quot;Lisela&quot;},
	[&quot;lcm&quot;] = {&quot;Tungag&quot;},
	[&quot;lcp&quot;] = {&quot;Western Lawa&quot;},
	[&quot;lcq&quot;] = {&quot;Luhu&quot;},
	[&quot;lcs&quot;] = {&quot;Lisabata-Nuniali&quot;},
	[&quot;lda&quot;] = {&quot;Kla-Dan&quot;},
	[&quot;ldb&quot;] = {&quot;Dũya&quot;},
	[&quot;ldd&quot;] = {&quot;Luri&quot;},
	[&quot;ldg&quot;] = {&quot;Lenyima&quot;},
	[&quot;ldh&quot;] = {&quot;Lamja-Dengsa-Tola&quot;},
	[&quot;ldi&quot;] = {&quot;Laari&quot;},
	[&quot;ldj&quot;] = {&quot;Lemoro&quot;},
	[&quot;ldk&quot;] = {&quot;Leelau&quot;},
	[&quot;ldl&quot;] = {&quot;Kaan&quot;},
	[&quot;ldm&quot;] = {&quot;Landoma&quot;},
	[&quot;ldn&quot;] = {&quot;Láadan&quot;},
	[&quot;ldo&quot;] = {&quot;Loo&quot;},
	[&quot;ldp&quot;] = {&quot;Tso&quot;},
	[&quot;ldq&quot;] = {&quot;Lufu&quot;},
	[&quot;lea&quot;] = {&quot;Lega-Shabunda&quot;},
	[&quot;leb&quot;] = {&quot;Lala-Bisa&quot;},
	[&quot;lec&quot;] = {&quot;Leco&quot;},
	[&quot;led&quot;] = {&quot;Lendu&quot;},
	[&quot;lee&quot;] = {&quot;Lyélé&quot;},
	[&quot;lef&quot;] = {&quot;Lelemi&quot;},
	[&quot;leh&quot;] = {&quot;Lenje&quot;},
	[&quot;lei&quot;] = {&quot;Lemio&quot;},
	[&quot;lej&quot;] = {&quot;Lengola&quot;},
	[&quot;lek&quot;] = {&quot;Leipon&quot;},
	[&quot;lel&quot;] = {&quot;Lele (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;lem&quot;] = {&quot;Nomaande&quot;},
	[&quot;len&quot;] = {&quot;Lenca&quot;},
	[&quot;leo&quot;] = {&quot;Leti (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;lep&quot;] = {&quot;Lepcha&quot;},
	[&quot;leq&quot;] = {&quot;Lembena&quot;},
	[&quot;ler&quot;] = {&quot;Lenkau&quot;},
	[&quot;les&quot;] = {&quot;Lese&quot;},
	[&quot;let&quot;] = {&quot;Lesing-Gelimi&quot;, &quot;Amio-Gelimi&quot;},
	[&quot;leu&quot;] = {&quot;Kara (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;lev&quot;] = {&quot;Lamma&quot;},
	[&quot;lew&quot;] = {&quot;Ledo Kaili&quot;},
	[&quot;lex&quot;] = {&quot;Luang&quot;},
	[&quot;ley&quot;] = {&quot;Lemolang&quot;},
	[&quot;lez&quot;] = {&quot;Lezghian&quot;},
	[&quot;lfa&quot;] = {&quot;Lefa&quot;},
	[&quot;lfn&quot;] = {&quot;Lingua Franca Nova&quot;},
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = {&quot;Lungga&quot;},
	[&quot;lgb&quot;] = {&quot;Laghu&quot;},
	[&quot;lgg&quot;] = {&quot;Lugbara&quot;},
	[&quot;lgh&quot;] = {&quot;Laghuu&quot;},
	[&quot;lgi&quot;] = {&quot;Lengilu&quot;},
	[&quot;lgk&quot;] = {&quot;Lingarak&quot;, &quot;Neverver&quot;},
	[&quot;lgl&quot;] = {&quot;Wala&quot;},
	[&quot;lgm&quot;] = {&quot;Lega-Mwenga&quot;},
	[&quot;lgn&quot;] = {&quot;T'apo&quot;, &quot;Opuuo&quot;},
	[&quot;lgq&quot;] = {&quot;Logba&quot;},
	[&quot;lgr&quot;] = {&quot;Lengo&quot;},
	[&quot;lgt&quot;] = {&quot;Pahi&quot;},
	[&quot;lgu&quot;] = {&quot;Longgu&quot;},
	[&quot;lgz&quot;] = {&quot;Ligenza&quot;},
	[&quot;lha&quot;] = {&quot;Laha (Viet Nam)&quot;},
	[&quot;lhh&quot;] = {&quot;Laha (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;lhi&quot;] = {&quot;Lahu Shi&quot;},
	[&quot;lhl&quot;] = {&quot;Lahul Lohar&quot;},
	[&quot;lhm&quot;] = {&quot;Lhomi&quot;},
	[&quot;lhn&quot;] = {&quot;Lahanan&quot;},
	[&quot;lhp&quot;] = {&quot;Lhokpu&quot;},
	[&quot;lhs&quot;] = {&quot;Mlahsö&quot;},
	[&quot;lht&quot;] = {&quot;Lo-Toga&quot;},
	[&quot;lhu&quot;] = {&quot;Lahu&quot;},
	[&quot;lia&quot;] = {&quot;West-Central Limba&quot;},
	[&quot;lib&quot;] = {&quot;Likum&quot;},
	[&quot;lic&quot;] = {&quot;Hlai&quot;},
	[&quot;lid&quot;] = {&quot;Nyindrou&quot;},
	[&quot;lie&quot;] = {&quot;Likila&quot;},
	[&quot;lif&quot;] = {&quot;Limbu&quot;},
	[&quot;lig&quot;] = {&quot;Ligbi&quot;},
	[&quot;lih&quot;] = {&quot;Lihir&quot;},
	[&quot;lij&quot;] = {&quot;Ligurian&quot;},
	[&quot;lik&quot;] = {&quot;Lika&quot;},
	[&quot;lil&quot;] = {&quot;Lillooet&quot;},
	[&quot;lio&quot;] = {&quot;Liki&quot;},
	[&quot;lip&quot;] = {&quot;Sekpele&quot;},
	[&quot;liq&quot;] = {&quot;Libido&quot;},
	[&quot;lir&quot;] = {&quot;Liberian English&quot;},
	[&quot;lis&quot;] = {&quot;Lisu&quot;},
	[&quot;liu&quot;] = {&quot;Logorik&quot;},
	[&quot;liv&quot;] = {&quot;Liv&quot;},
	[&quot;liw&quot;] = {&quot;Col&quot;},
	[&quot;lix&quot;] = {&quot;Liabuku&quot;},
	[&quot;liy&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Bambari&quot;},
	[&quot;liz&quot;] = {&quot;Libinza&quot;},
	[&quot;lja&quot;] = {&quot;Golpa&quot;},
	[&quot;lje&quot;] = {&quot;Rampi&quot;},
	[&quot;lji&quot;] = {&quot;Laiyolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ljl&quot;] = {&quot;Li'o&quot;},
	[&quot;ljp&quot;] = {&quot;Lampung Api&quot;},
	[&quot;ljw&quot;] = {&quot;Yirandali&quot;},
	[&quot;ljx&quot;] = {&quot;Yuru&quot;},
	[&quot;lka&quot;] = {&quot;Lakalei&quot;},
	[&quot;lkb&quot;] = {&quot;Kabras&quot;, &quot;Lukabaras&quot;},
	[&quot;lkc&quot;] = {&quot;Kucong&quot;},
	[&quot;lkd&quot;] = {&quot;Lakondê&quot;},
	[&quot;lke&quot;] = {&quot;Kenyi&quot;},
	[&quot;lkh&quot;] = {&quot;Lakha&quot;},
	[&quot;lki&quot;] = {&quot;Laki&quot;},
	[&quot;lkj&quot;] = {&quot;Remun&quot;},
	[&quot;lkl&quot;] = {&quot;Laeko-Libuat&quot;},
	[&quot;lkm&quot;] = {&quot;Kalaamaya&quot;},
	[&quot;lkn&quot;] = {&quot;Lakon&quot;, &quot;Vure&quot;},
	[&quot;lko&quot;] = {&quot;Khayo&quot;, &quot;Olukhayo&quot;},
	[&quot;lkr&quot;] = {&quot;Päri&quot;},
	[&quot;lks&quot;] = {&quot;Kisa&quot;, &quot;Olushisa&quot;},
	[&quot;lkt&quot;] = {&quot;Lakota&quot;},
	[&quot;lku&quot;] = {&quot;Kungkari&quot;},
	[&quot;lky&quot;] = {&quot;Lokoya&quot;},
	[&quot;lla&quot;] = {&quot;Lala-Roba&quot;},
	[&quot;llb&quot;] = {&quot;Lolo&quot;},
	[&quot;llc&quot;] = {&quot;Lele (Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;lld&quot;] = {&quot;Ladin&quot;},
	[&quot;lle&quot;] = {&quot;Lele (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;llf&quot;] = {&quot;Hermit&quot;},
	[&quot;llg&quot;] = {&quot;Lole&quot;},
	[&quot;llh&quot;] = {&quot;Lamu&quot;},
	[&quot;lli&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Laali&quot;},
	[&quot;llj&quot;] = {&quot;Ladji Ladji&quot;},
	[&quot;llk&quot;] = {&quot;Lelak&quot;},
	[&quot;lll&quot;] = {&quot;Lilau&quot;},
	[&quot;llm&quot;] = {&quot;Lasalimu&quot;},
	[&quot;lln&quot;] = {&quot;Lele (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;llo&quot;] = {&quot;Khlor&quot;},
	[&quot;llp&quot;] = {&quot;North Efate&quot;},
	[&quot;llq&quot;] = {&quot;Lolak&quot;},
	[&quot;lls&quot;] = {&quot;Lithuanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;llu&quot;] = {&quot;Lau&quot;},
	[&quot;llx&quot;] = {&quot;Lauan&quot;},
	[&quot;lma&quot;] = {&quot;East Limba&quot;},
	[&quot;lmb&quot;] = {&quot;Merei&quot;},
	[&quot;lmc&quot;] = {&quot;Limilngan&quot;},
	[&quot;lmd&quot;] = {&quot;Lumun&quot;},
	[&quot;lme&quot;] = {&quot;Pévé&quot;},
	[&quot;lmf&quot;] = {&quot;South Lembata&quot;},
	[&quot;lmg&quot;] = {&quot;Lamogai&quot;},
	[&quot;lmh&quot;] = {&quot;Lambichhong&quot;},
	[&quot;lmi&quot;] = {&quot;Lombi&quot;},
	[&quot;lmj&quot;] = {&quot;West Lembata&quot;},
	[&quot;lmk&quot;] = {&quot;Lamkang&quot;},
	[&quot;lml&quot;] = {&quot;Hano&quot;},
	[&quot;lmn&quot;] = {&quot;Lambadi&quot;},
	[&quot;lmo&quot;] = {&quot;Lombard&quot;},
	[&quot;lmp&quot;] = {&quot;Limbum&quot;},
	[&quot;lmq&quot;] = {&quot;Lamatuka&quot;},
	[&quot;lmr&quot;] = {&quot;Lamalera&quot;},
	[&quot;lmu&quot;] = {&quot;Lamenu&quot;},
	[&quot;lmv&quot;] = {&quot;Lomaiviti&quot;},
	[&quot;lmw&quot;] = {&quot;Lake Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;lmx&quot;] = {&quot;Laimbue&quot;},
	[&quot;lmy&quot;] = {&quot;Lamboya&quot;},
	[&quot;lmz&quot;] = {&quot;Lumbee&quot;},
	[&quot;lna&quot;] = {&quot;Langbashe&quot;},
	[&quot;lnb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbalanhu&quot;},
	[&quot;lnd&quot;] = {&quot;Lundayeh&quot;, &quot;Lun Bawang&quot;},
	[&quot;lng&quot;] = {&quot;Langobardic&quot;},
	[&quot;lnh&quot;] = {&quot;Lanoh&quot;},
	[&quot;lni&quot;] = {&quot;Daantanai'&quot;},
	[&quot;lnj&quot;] = {&quot;Leningitij&quot;},
	[&quot;lnl&quot;] = {&quot;South Central Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;lnm&quot;] = {&quot;Langam&quot;},
	[&quot;lnn&quot;] = {&quot;Lorediakarkar&quot;},
	[&quot;lno&quot;] = {&quot;Lango (South Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;lns&quot;] = {&quot;Lamnso'&quot;},
	[&quot;lnu&quot;] = {&quot;Longuda&quot;},
	[&quot;lnw&quot;] = {&quot;Lanima&quot;},
	[&quot;lnz&quot;] = {&quot;Lonzo&quot;},
	[&quot;loa&quot;] = {&quot;Loloda&quot;},
	[&quot;lob&quot;] = {&quot;Lobi&quot;},
	[&quot;loc&quot;] = {&quot;Inonhan&quot;},
	[&quot;loe&quot;] = {&quot;Saluan&quot;},
	[&quot;lof&quot;] = {&quot;Logol&quot;},
	[&quot;log&quot;] = {&quot;Logo&quot;},
	[&quot;loh&quot;] = {&quot;Narim&quot;},
	[&quot;loi&quot;] = {&quot;Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)&quot;},
	[&quot;loj&quot;] = {&quot;Lou&quot;},
	[&quot;lok&quot;] = {&quot;Loko&quot;},
	[&quot;lol&quot;] = {&quot;Mongo&quot;},
	[&quot;lom&quot;] = {&quot;Loma (Liberia)&quot;},
	[&quot;lon&quot;] = {&quot;Malawi Lomwe&quot;},
	[&quot;loo&quot;] = {&quot;Lombo&quot;},
	[&quot;lop&quot;] = {&quot;Lopa&quot;},
	[&quot;loq&quot;] = {&quot;Lobala&quot;},
	[&quot;lor&quot;] = {&quot;Téén&quot;},
	[&quot;los&quot;] = {&quot;Loniu&quot;},
	[&quot;lot&quot;] = {&quot;Otuho&quot;},
	[&quot;lou&quot;] = {&quot;Louisiana Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;lov&quot;] = {&quot;Lopi&quot;},
	[&quot;low&quot;] = {&quot;Tampias Lobu&quot;},
	[&quot;lox&quot;] = {&quot;Loun&quot;},
	[&quot;loy&quot;] = {&quot;Loke&quot;},
	[&quot;loz&quot;] = {&quot;Lozi&quot;},
	[&quot;lpa&quot;] = {&quot;Lelepa&quot;},
	[&quot;lpe&quot;] = {&quot;Lepki&quot;},
	[&quot;lpn&quot;] = {&quot;Long Phuri Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;lpo&quot;] = {&quot;Lipo&quot;},
	[&quot;lpx&quot;] = {&quot;Lopit&quot;},
	[&quot;lra&quot;] = {&quot;Rara Bakati'&quot;},
	[&quot;lrc&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Luri&quot;},
	[&quot;lre&quot;] = {&quot;Laurentian&quot;},
	[&quot;lrg&quot;] = {&quot;Laragia&quot;},
	[&quot;lri&quot;] = {&quot;Marachi&quot;, &quot;Olumarachi&quot;},
	[&quot;lrk&quot;] = {&quot;Loarki&quot;},
	[&quot;lrl&quot;] = {&quot;Lari&quot;},
	[&quot;lrm&quot;] = {&quot;Marama&quot;, &quot;Olumarama&quot;},
	[&quot;lrn&quot;] = {&quot;Lorang&quot;},
	[&quot;lro&quot;] = {&quot;Laro&quot;},
	[&quot;lrr&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Yamphu&quot;},
	[&quot;lrt&quot;] = {&quot;Larantuka Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;lrv&quot;] = {&quot;Larevat&quot;},
	[&quot;lrz&quot;] = {&quot;Lemerig&quot;},
	[&quot;lsa&quot;] = {&quot;Lasgerdi&quot;},
	[&quot;lsd&quot;] = {&quot;Lishana Deni&quot;},
	[&quot;lse&quot;] = {&quot;Lusengo&quot;},
	[&quot;lsh&quot;] = {&quot;Lish&quot;},
	[&quot;lsi&quot;] = {&quot;Lashi&quot;},
	[&quot;lsl&quot;] = {&quot;Latvian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lsm&quot;] = {&quot;Saamia&quot;, &quot;Olusamia&quot;},
	[&quot;lso&quot;] = {&quot;Laos Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lsp&quot;] = {&quot;Panamanian Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Lengua de Señas Panameñas&quot;},
	[&quot;lsr&quot;] = {&quot;Aruop&quot;},
	[&quot;lss&quot;] = {&quot;Lasi&quot;},
	[&quot;lst&quot;] = {&quot;Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lsy&quot;] = {&quot;Mauritian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ltc&quot;] = {&quot;Late Middle Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;ltg&quot;] = {&quot;Latgalian&quot;},
	[&quot;lth&quot;] = {&quot;Thur&quot;},
	[&quot;lti&quot;] = {&quot;Leti (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;ltn&quot;] = {&quot;Latundê&quot;},
	[&quot;lto&quot;] = {&quot;Tsotso&quot;, &quot;Olutsotso&quot;},
	[&quot;lts&quot;] = {&quot;Tachoni&quot;, &quot;Lutachoni&quot;},
	[&quot;ltu&quot;] = {&quot;Latu&quot;},
	[&quot;lua&quot;] = {&quot;Luba-Lulua&quot;},
	[&quot;luc&quot;] = {&quot;Aringa&quot;},
	[&quot;lud&quot;] = {&quot;Ludian&quot;},
	[&quot;lue&quot;] = {&quot;Luvale&quot;},
	[&quot;luf&quot;] = {&quot;Laua&quot;},
	[&quot;lui&quot;] = {&quot;Luiseno&quot;},
	[&quot;luj&quot;] = {&quot;Luna&quot;},
	[&quot;luk&quot;] = {&quot;Lunanakha&quot;},
	[&quot;lul&quot;] = {&quot;Olu'bo&quot;},
	[&quot;lum&quot;] = {&quot;Luimbi&quot;},
	[&quot;lun&quot;] = {&quot;Lunda&quot;},
	[&quot;luo&quot;] = {&quot;Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)&quot;, &quot;Dholuo&quot;},
	[&quot;lup&quot;] = {&quot;Lumbu&quot;},
	[&quot;luq&quot;] = {&quot;Lucumi&quot;},
	[&quot;lur&quot;] = {&quot;Laura&quot;},
	[&quot;lus&quot;] = {&quot;Lushai&quot;},
	[&quot;lut&quot;] = {&quot;Lushootseed&quot;},
	[&quot;luu&quot;] = {&quot;Lumba-Yakkha&quot;},
	[&quot;luv&quot;] = {&quot;Luwati&quot;},
	[&quot;luw&quot;] = {&quot;Luo (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;luy&quot;] = {&quot;Luyia&quot;, &quot;Oluluyia&quot;},
	[&quot;luz&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Luri&quot;},
	[&quot;lva&quot;] = {&quot;Maku'a&quot;},
	[&quot;lvk&quot;] = {&quot;Lavukaleve&quot;},
	[&quot;lvs&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Latvian&quot;},
	[&quot;lvu&quot;] = {&quot;Levuka&quot;},
	[&quot;lwa&quot;] = {&quot;Lwalu&quot;},
	[&quot;lwe&quot;] = {&quot;Lewo Eleng&quot;},
	[&quot;lwg&quot;] = {&quot;Wanga&quot;, &quot;Oluwanga&quot;},
	[&quot;lwh&quot;] = {&quot;White Lachi&quot;},
	[&quot;lwl&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Lawa&quot;},
	[&quot;lwm&quot;] = {&quot;Laomian&quot;},
	[&quot;lwo&quot;] = {&quot;Luwo&quot;},
	[&quot;lws&quot;] = {&quot;Malawian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lwt&quot;] = {&quot;Lewotobi&quot;},
	[&quot;lwu&quot;] = {&quot;Lawu&quot;},
	[&quot;lww&quot;] = {&quot;Lewo&quot;},
	[&quot;lya&quot;] = {&quot;Layakha&quot;},
	[&quot;lyg&quot;] = {&quot;Lyngngam&quot;},
	[&quot;lyn&quot;] = {&quot;Luyana&quot;},
	[&quot;lzh&quot;] = {&quot;Literary Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;lzl&quot;] = {&quot;Litzlitz&quot;},
	[&quot;lzn&quot;] = {&quot;Leinong Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;lzz&quot;] = {&quot;Laz&quot;},
	[&quot;maa&quot;] = {&quot;San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mab&quot;] = {&quot;Yutanduchi Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mad&quot;] = {&quot;Madurese&quot;},
	[&quot;mae&quot;] = {&quot;Bo-Rukul&quot;},
	[&quot;maf&quot;] = {&quot;Mafa&quot;},
	[&quot;mag&quot;] = {&quot;Magahi&quot;},
	[&quot;mai&quot;] = {&quot;Maithili&quot;},
	[&quot;maj&quot;] = {&quot;Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mak&quot;] = {&quot;Makasar&quot;},
	[&quot;mam&quot;] = {&quot;Mam&quot;},
	[&quot;man&quot;] = {&quot;Mandingo&quot;, &quot;Manding&quot;},
	[&quot;map&quot;] = {&quot;Austronesian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;maq&quot;] = {&quot;Chiquihuitlán Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mas&quot;] = {&quot;Masai&quot;},
	[&quot;mat&quot;] = {&quot;San Francisco Matlatzinca&quot;},
	[&quot;mau&quot;] = {&quot;Huautla Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mav&quot;] = {&quot;Sateré-Mawé&quot;},
	[&quot;maw&quot;] = {&quot;Mampruli&quot;},
	[&quot;max&quot;] = {&quot;North Moluccan Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;maz&quot;] = {&quot;Central Mazahua&quot;},
	[&quot;mba&quot;] = {&quot;Higaonon&quot;},
	[&quot;mbb&quot;] = {&quot;Western Bukidnon Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbc&quot;] = {&quot;Macushi&quot;},
	[&quot;mbd&quot;] = {&quot;Dibabawon Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbe&quot;] = {&quot;Molale&quot;},
	[&quot;mbf&quot;] = {&quot;Baba Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mbh&quot;] = {&quot;Mangseng&quot;},
	[&quot;mbi&quot;] = {&quot;Ilianen Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbj&quot;] = {&quot;Nadëb&quot;},
	[&quot;mbk&quot;] = {&quot;Malol&quot;},
	[&quot;mbl&quot;] = {&quot;Maxakalí&quot;},
	[&quot;mbm&quot;] = {&quot;Ombamba&quot;},
	[&quot;mbn&quot;] = {&quot;Macaguán&quot;},
	[&quot;mbo&quot;] = {&quot;Mbo (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;mbp&quot;] = {&quot;Malayo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbq&quot;] = {&quot;Maisin&quot;},
	[&quot;mbr&quot;] = {&quot;Nukak Makú&quot;},
	[&quot;mbs&quot;] = {&quot;Sarangani Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbt&quot;] = {&quot;Matigsalug Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbu&quot;] = {&quot;Mbula-Bwazza&quot;},
	[&quot;mbv&quot;] = {&quot;Mbulungish&quot;},
	[&quot;mbw&quot;] = {&quot;Maring&quot;},
	[&quot;mbx&quot;] = {&quot;Mari (East Sepik Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;mby&quot;] = {&quot;Memoni&quot;},
	[&quot;mbz&quot;] = {&quot;Amoltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mca&quot;] = {&quot;Maca&quot;},
	[&quot;mcb&quot;] = {&quot;Machiguenga&quot;},
	[&quot;mcc&quot;] = {&quot;Bitur&quot;},
	[&quot;mcd&quot;] = {&quot;Sharanahua&quot;},
	[&quot;mce&quot;] = {&quot;Itundujia Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mcf&quot;] = {&quot;Matsés&quot;},
	[&quot;mcg&quot;] = {&quot;Mapoyo&quot;},
	[&quot;mch&quot;] = {&quot;Maquiritari&quot;},
	[&quot;mci&quot;] = {&quot;Mese&quot;},
	[&quot;mcj&quot;] = {&quot;Mvanip&quot;},
	[&quot;mck&quot;] = {&quot;Mbunda&quot;},
	[&quot;mcl&quot;] = {&quot;Macaguaje&quot;},
	[&quot;mcm&quot;] = {&quot;Malaccan Creole Portuguese&quot;},
	[&quot;mcn&quot;] = {&quot;Masana&quot;},
	[&quot;mco&quot;] = {&quot;Coatlán Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mcp&quot;] = {&quot;Makaa&quot;},
	[&quot;mcq&quot;] = {&quot;Ese&quot;},
	[&quot;mcr&quot;] = {&quot;Menya&quot;},
	[&quot;mcs&quot;] = {&quot;Mambai&quot;},
	[&quot;mct&quot;] = {&quot;Mengisa&quot;},
	[&quot;mcu&quot;] = {&quot;Cameroon Mambila&quot;},
	[&quot;mcv&quot;] = {&quot;Minanibai&quot;},
	[&quot;mcw&quot;] = {&quot;Mawa (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;mcx&quot;] = {&quot;Mpiemo&quot;},
	[&quot;mcy&quot;] = {&quot;South Watut&quot;},
	[&quot;mcz&quot;] = {&quot;Mawan&quot;},
	[&quot;mda&quot;] = {&quot;Mada (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdb&quot;] = {&quot;Morigi&quot;},
	[&quot;mdc&quot;] = {&quot;Male (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdd&quot;] = {&quot;Mbum&quot;},
	[&quot;mde&quot;] = {&quot;Maba (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdf&quot;] = {&quot;Moksha&quot;},
	[&quot;mdg&quot;] = {&quot;Massalat&quot;},
	[&quot;mdh&quot;] = {&quot;Maguindanaon&quot;},
	[&quot;mdi&quot;] = {&quot;Mamvu&quot;},
	[&quot;mdj&quot;] = {&quot;Mangbetu&quot;},
	[&quot;mdk&quot;] = {&quot;Mangbutu&quot;},
	[&quot;mdl&quot;] = {&quot;Maltese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mdm&quot;] = {&quot;Mayogo&quot;},
	[&quot;mdn&quot;] = {&quot;Mbati&quot;},
	[&quot;mdp&quot;] = {&quot;Mbala&quot;},
	[&quot;mdq&quot;] = {&quot;Mbole&quot;},
	[&quot;mdr&quot;] = {&quot;Mandar&quot;},
	[&quot;mds&quot;] = {&quot;Maria (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdt&quot;] = {&quot;Mbere&quot;},
	[&quot;mdu&quot;] = {&quot;Mboko&quot;},
	[&quot;mdv&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mdw&quot;] = {&quot;Mbosi&quot;},
	[&quot;mdx&quot;] = {&quot;Dizin&quot;},
	[&quot;mdy&quot;] = {&quot;Male (Ethiopia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdz&quot;] = {&quot;Suruí Do Pará&quot;},
	[&quot;mea&quot;] = {&quot;Menka&quot;},
	[&quot;meb&quot;] = {&quot;Ikobi&quot;},
	[&quot;mec&quot;] = {&quot;Mara&quot;},
	[&quot;med&quot;] = {&quot;Melpa&quot;},
	[&quot;mee&quot;] = {&quot;Mengen&quot;},
	[&quot;mef&quot;] = {&quot;Megam&quot;},
	[&quot;meh&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mei&quot;] = {&quot;Midob&quot;},
	[&quot;mej&quot;] = {&quot;Meyah&quot;},
	[&quot;mek&quot;] = {&quot;Mekeo&quot;},
	[&quot;mel&quot;] = {&quot;Central Melanau&quot;},
	[&quot;mem&quot;] = {&quot;Mangala&quot;},
	[&quot;men&quot;] = {&quot;Mende (Sierra Leone)&quot;},
	[&quot;meo&quot;] = {&quot;Kedah Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mep&quot;] = {&quot;Miriwung&quot;},
	[&quot;meq&quot;] = {&quot;Merey&quot;},
	[&quot;mer&quot;] = {&quot;Meru&quot;},
	[&quot;mes&quot;] = {&quot;Masmaje&quot;},
	[&quot;met&quot;] = {&quot;Mato&quot;},
	[&quot;meu&quot;] = {&quot;Motu&quot;},
	[&quot;mev&quot;] = {&quot;Mano&quot;},
	[&quot;mew&quot;] = {&quot;Maaka&quot;},
	[&quot;mey&quot;] = {&quot;Hassaniyya&quot;},
	[&quot;mez&quot;] = {&quot;Menominee&quot;},
	[&quot;mfa&quot;] = {&quot;Pattani Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mfb&quot;] = {&quot;Bangka&quot;},
	[&quot;mfc&quot;] = {&quot;Mba&quot;},
	[&quot;mfd&quot;] = {&quot;Mendankwe-Nkwen&quot;},
	[&quot;mfe&quot;] = {&quot;Morisyen&quot;},
	[&quot;mff&quot;] = {&quot;Naki&quot;},
	[&quot;mfg&quot;] = {&quot;Mogofin&quot;},
	[&quot;mfh&quot;] = {&quot;Matal&quot;},
	[&quot;mfi&quot;] = {&quot;Wandala&quot;},
	[&quot;mfj&quot;] = {&quot;Mefele&quot;},
	[&quot;mfk&quot;] = {&quot;North Mofu&quot;},
	[&quot;mfl&quot;] = {&quot;Putai&quot;},
	[&quot;mfm&quot;] = {&quot;Marghi South&quot;},
	[&quot;mfn&quot;] = {&quot;Cross River Mbembe&quot;},
	[&quot;mfo&quot;] = {&quot;Mbe&quot;},
	[&quot;mfp&quot;] = {&quot;Makassar Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mfq&quot;] = {&quot;Moba&quot;},
	[&quot;mfr&quot;] = {&quot;Marithiel&quot;},
	[&quot;mfs&quot;] = {&quot;Mexican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mft&quot;] = {&quot;Mokerang&quot;},
	[&quot;mfu&quot;] = {&quot;Mbwela&quot;},
	[&quot;mfv&quot;] = {&quot;Mandjak&quot;},
	[&quot;mfw&quot;] = {&quot;Mulaha&quot;},
	[&quot;mfx&quot;] = {&quot;Melo&quot;},
	[&quot;mfy&quot;] = {&quot;Mayo&quot;},
	[&quot;mfz&quot;] = {&quot;Mabaan&quot;},
	[&quot;mga&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Irish (900-1200)&quot;},
	[&quot;mgb&quot;] = {&quot;Mararit&quot;},
	[&quot;mgc&quot;] = {&quot;Morokodo&quot;},
	[&quot;mgd&quot;] = {&quot;Moru&quot;},
	[&quot;mge&quot;] = {&quot;Mango&quot;},
	[&quot;mgf&quot;] = {&quot;Maklew&quot;},
	[&quot;mgg&quot;] = {&quot;Mpumpong&quot;},
	[&quot;mgh&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Meetto&quot;},
	[&quot;mgi&quot;] = {&quot;Lijili&quot;},
	[&quot;mgj&quot;] = {&quot;Abureni&quot;},
	[&quot;mgk&quot;] = {&quot;Mawes&quot;},
	[&quot;mgl&quot;] = {&quot;Maleu-Kilenge&quot;},
	[&quot;mgm&quot;] = {&quot;Mambae&quot;},
	[&quot;mgn&quot;] = {&quot;Mbangi&quot;},
	[&quot;mgo&quot;] = {&quot;Meta'&quot;},
	[&quot;mgp&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Magar&quot;},
	[&quot;mgq&quot;] = {&quot;Malila&quot;},
	[&quot;mgr&quot;] = {&quot;Mambwe-Lungu&quot;},
	[&quot;mgs&quot;] = {&quot;Manda (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;mgt&quot;] = {&quot;Mongol&quot;},
	[&quot;mgu&quot;] = {&quot;Mailu&quot;},
	[&quot;mgv&quot;] = {&quot;Matengo&quot;},
	[&quot;mgw&quot;] = {&quot;Matumbi&quot;},
	[&quot;mgy&quot;] = {&quot;Mbunga&quot;},
	[&quot;mgz&quot;] = {&quot;Mbugwe&quot;},
	[&quot;mha&quot;] = {&quot;Manda (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;mhb&quot;] = {&quot;Mahongwe&quot;},
	[&quot;mhc&quot;] = {&quot;Mocho&quot;},
	[&quot;mhd&quot;] = {&quot;Mbugu&quot;},
	[&quot;mhe&quot;] = {&quot;Besisi&quot;, &quot;Mah Meri&quot;},
	[&quot;mhf&quot;] = {&quot;Mamaa&quot;},
	[&quot;mhg&quot;] = {&quot;Margu&quot;},
	[&quot;mhi&quot;] = {&quot;Ma'di&quot;},
	[&quot;mhj&quot;] = {&quot;Mogholi&quot;},
	[&quot;mhk&quot;] = {&quot;Mungaka&quot;},
	[&quot;mhl&quot;] = {&quot;Mauwake&quot;},
	[&quot;mhm&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Moniga&quot;},
	[&quot;mhn&quot;] = {&quot;Mócheno&quot;},
	[&quot;mho&quot;] = {&quot;Mashi (Zambia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mhp&quot;] = {&quot;Balinese Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mhq&quot;] = {&quot;Mandan&quot;},
	[&quot;mhr&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Mari&quot;},
	[&quot;mhs&quot;] = {&quot;Buru (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mht&quot;] = {&quot;Mandahuaca&quot;},
	[&quot;mhu&quot;] = {&quot;Digaro-Mishmi&quot;, &quot;Darang Deng&quot;},
	[&quot;mhw&quot;] = {&quot;Mbukushu&quot;},
	[&quot;mhx&quot;] = {&quot;Maru&quot;, &quot;Lhaovo&quot;},
	[&quot;mhy&quot;] = {&quot;Ma'anyan&quot;},
	[&quot;mhz&quot;] = {&quot;Mor (Mor Islands)&quot;},
	[&quot;mia&quot;] = {&quot;Miami&quot;},
	[&quot;mib&quot;] = {&quot;Atatláhuca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mic&quot;] = {&quot;Mi'kmaq&quot;, &quot;Micmac&quot;},
	[&quot;mid&quot;] = {&quot;Mandaic&quot;},
	[&quot;mie&quot;] = {&quot;Ocotepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mif&quot;] = {&quot;Mofu-Gudur&quot;},
	[&quot;mig&quot;] = {&quot;San Miguel El Grande Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mih&quot;] = {&quot;Chayuco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mii&quot;] = {&quot;Chigmecatitlán Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mij&quot;] = {&quot;Abar&quot;, &quot;Mungbam&quot;},
	[&quot;mik&quot;] = {&quot;Mikasuki&quot;},
	[&quot;mil&quot;] = {&quot;Peñoles Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mim&quot;] = {&quot;Alacatlatzala Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;min&quot;] = {&quot;Minangkabau&quot;},
	[&quot;mio&quot;] = {&quot;Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mip&quot;] = {&quot;Apasco-Apoala Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miq&quot;] = {&quot;Mískito&quot;},
	[&quot;mir&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mis&quot;] = {&quot;Uncoded languages&quot;},
	[&quot;mit&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Puebla Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miu&quot;] = {&quot;Cacaloxtepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miw&quot;] = {&quot;Akoye&quot;},
	[&quot;mix&quot;] = {&quot;Mixtepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miy&quot;] = {&quot;Ayutla Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miz&quot;] = {&quot;Coatzospan Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mjb&quot;] = {&quot;Makalero&quot;},
	[&quot;mjc&quot;] = {&quot;San Juan Colorado Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mjd&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Maidu&quot;},
	[&quot;mje&quot;] = {&quot;Muskum&quot;},
	[&quot;mjg&quot;] = {&quot;Tu&quot;},
	[&quot;mjh&quot;] = {&quot;Mwera (Nyasa)&quot;},
	[&quot;mji&quot;] = {&quot;Kim Mun&quot;},
	[&quot;mjj&quot;] = {&quot;Mawak&quot;},
	[&quot;mjk&quot;] = {&quot;Matukar&quot;},
	[&quot;mjl&quot;] = {&quot;Mandeali&quot;},
	[&quot;mjm&quot;] = {&quot;Medebur&quot;},
	[&quot;mjn&quot;] = {&quot;Ma (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mjo&quot;] = {&quot;Malankuravan&quot;},
	[&quot;mjp&quot;] = {&quot;Malapandaram&quot;},
	[&quot;mjq&quot;] = {&quot;Malaryan&quot;},
	[&quot;mjr&quot;] = {&quot;Malavedan&quot;},
	[&quot;mjs&quot;] = {&quot;Miship&quot;},
	[&quot;mjt&quot;] = {&quot;Sauria Paharia&quot;},
	[&quot;mju&quot;] = {&quot;Manna-Dora&quot;},
	[&quot;mjv&quot;] = {&quot;Mannan&quot;},
	[&quot;mjw&quot;] = {&quot;Karbi&quot;},
	[&quot;mjx&quot;] = {&quot;Mahali&quot;},
	[&quot;mjy&quot;] = {&quot;Mahican&quot;},
	[&quot;mjz&quot;] = {&quot;Majhi&quot;},
	[&quot;mka&quot;] = {&quot;Mbre&quot;},
	[&quot;mkb&quot;] = {&quot;Mal Paharia&quot;},
	[&quot;mkc&quot;] = {&quot;Siliput&quot;},
	[&quot;mke&quot;] = {&quot;Mawchi&quot;},
	[&quot;mkf&quot;] = {&quot;Miya&quot;},
	[&quot;mkg&quot;] = {&quot;Mak (China)&quot;},
	[&quot;mkh&quot;] = {&quot;Mon-Khmer languages&quot;},
	[&quot;mki&quot;] = {&quot;Dhatki&quot;},
	[&quot;mkj&quot;] = {&quot;Mokilese&quot;},
	[&quot;mkk&quot;] = {&quot;Byep&quot;},
	[&quot;mkl&quot;] = {&quot;Mokole&quot;},
	[&quot;mkm&quot;] = {&quot;Moklen&quot;},
	[&quot;mkn&quot;] = {&quot;Kupang Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mko&quot;] = {&quot;Mingang Doso&quot;},
	[&quot;mkp&quot;] = {&quot;Moikodi&quot;},
	[&quot;mkq&quot;] = {&quot;Bay Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;mkr&quot;] = {&quot;Malas&quot;},
	[&quot;mks&quot;] = {&quot;Silacayoapan Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mkt&quot;] = {&quot;Vamale&quot;},
	[&quot;mku&quot;] = {&quot;Konyanka Maninka&quot;},
	[&quot;mkv&quot;] = {&quot;Mafea&quot;},
	[&quot;mkw&quot;] = {&quot;Kituba (Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;mkx&quot;] = {&quot;Kinamiging Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mky&quot;] = {&quot;East Makian&quot;},
	[&quot;mkz&quot;] = {&quot;Makasae&quot;},
	[&quot;mla&quot;] = {&quot;Malo&quot;},
	[&quot;mlb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbule&quot;},
	[&quot;mlc&quot;] = {&quot;Cao Lan&quot;},
	[&quot;mle&quot;] = {&quot;Manambu&quot;},
	[&quot;mlf&quot;] = {&quot;Mal&quot;},
	[&quot;mlh&quot;] = {&quot;Mape&quot;},
	[&quot;mli&quot;] = {&quot;Malimpung&quot;},
	[&quot;mlj&quot;] = {&quot;Miltu&quot;},
	[&quot;mlk&quot;] = {&quot;Ilwana&quot;, &quot;Kiwilwana&quot;},
	[&quot;mll&quot;] = {&quot;Malua Bay&quot;},
	[&quot;mlm&quot;] = {&quot;Mulam&quot;},
	[&quot;mln&quot;] = {&quot;Malango&quot;},
	[&quot;mlo&quot;] = {&quot;Mlomp&quot;},
	[&quot;mlp&quot;] = {&quot;Bargam&quot;},
	[&quot;mlq&quot;] = {&quot;Western Maninkakan&quot;},
	[&quot;mlr&quot;] = {&quot;Vame&quot;},
	[&quot;mls&quot;] = {&quot;Masalit&quot;},
	[&quot;mlu&quot;] = {&quot;To'abaita&quot;},
	[&quot;mlv&quot;] = {&quot;Motlav&quot;, &quot;Mwotlap&quot;},
	[&quot;mlw&quot;] = {&quot;Moloko&quot;},
	[&quot;mlx&quot;] = {&quot;Malfaxal&quot;, &quot;Naha'ai&quot;},
	[&quot;mlz&quot;] = {&quot;Malaynon&quot;},
	[&quot;mma&quot;] = {&quot;Mama&quot;},
	[&quot;mmb&quot;] = {&quot;Momina&quot;},
	[&quot;mmc&quot;] = {&quot;Michoacán Mazahua&quot;},
	[&quot;mmd&quot;] = {&quot;Maonan&quot;},
	[&quot;mme&quot;] = {&quot;Mae&quot;},
	[&quot;mmf&quot;] = {&quot;Mundat&quot;},
	[&quot;mmg&quot;] = {&quot;North Ambrym&quot;},
	[&quot;mmh&quot;] = {&quot;Mehináku&quot;},
	[&quot;mmi&quot;] = {&quot;Musar&quot;},
	[&quot;mmj&quot;] = {&quot;Majhwar&quot;},
	[&quot;mmk&quot;] = {&quot;Mukha-Dora&quot;},
	[&quot;mml&quot;] = {&quot;Man Met&quot;},
	[&quot;mmm&quot;] = {&quot;Maii&quot;},
	[&quot;mmn&quot;] = {&quot;Mamanwa&quot;},
	[&quot;mmo&quot;] = {&quot;Mangga Buang&quot;},
	[&quot;mmp&quot;] = {&quot;Siawi&quot;},
	[&quot;mmq&quot;] = {&quot;Musak&quot;},
	[&quot;mmr&quot;] = {&quot;Western Xiangxi Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;mmt&quot;] = {&quot;Malalamai&quot;},
	[&quot;mmu&quot;] = {&quot;Mmaala&quot;},
	[&quot;mmv&quot;] = {&quot;Miriti&quot;},
	[&quot;mmw&quot;] = {&quot;Emae&quot;},
	[&quot;mmx&quot;] = {&quot;Madak&quot;},
	[&quot;mmy&quot;] = {&quot;Migaama&quot;},
	[&quot;mmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mabaale&quot;},
	[&quot;mna&quot;] = {&quot;Mbula&quot;},
	[&quot;mnb&quot;] = {&quot;Muna&quot;},
	[&quot;mnc&quot;] = {&quot;Manchu&quot;},
	[&quot;mnd&quot;] = {&quot;Mondé&quot;},
	[&quot;mne&quot;] = {&quot;Naba&quot;},
	[&quot;mnf&quot;] = {&quot;Mundani&quot;},
	[&quot;mng&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Mnong&quot;},
	[&quot;mnh&quot;] = {&quot;Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;mni&quot;] = {&quot;Manipuri&quot;},
	[&quot;mnj&quot;] = {&quot;Munji&quot;},
	[&quot;mnk&quot;] = {&quot;Mandinka&quot;},
	[&quot;mnl&quot;] = {&quot;Tiale&quot;},
	[&quot;mnm&quot;] = {&quot;Mapena&quot;},
	[&quot;mnn&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Mnong&quot;},
	[&quot;mno&quot;] = {&quot;Manobo languages&quot;},
	[&quot;mnp&quot;] = {&quot;Min Bei Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;mnq&quot;] = {&quot;Minriq&quot;},
	[&quot;mnr&quot;] = {&quot;Mono (USA)&quot;},
	[&quot;mns&quot;] = {&quot;Mansi&quot;},
	[&quot;mnu&quot;] = {&quot;Mer&quot;},
	[&quot;mnv&quot;] = {&quot;Rennell-Bellona&quot;},
	[&quot;mnw&quot;] = {&quot;Mon&quot;},
	[&quot;mnx&quot;] = {&quot;Manikion&quot;},
	[&quot;mny&quot;] = {&quot;Manyawa&quot;},
	[&quot;mnz&quot;] = {&quot;Moni&quot;},
	[&quot;moa&quot;] = {&quot;Mwan&quot;},
	[&quot;moc&quot;] = {&quot;Mocoví&quot;},
	[&quot;mod&quot;] = {&quot;Mobilian&quot;},
	[&quot;moe&quot;] = {&quot;Montagnais&quot;},
	[&quot;mog&quot;] = {&quot;Mongondow&quot;},
	[&quot;moh&quot;] = {&quot;Mohawk&quot;},
	[&quot;moi&quot;] = {&quot;Mboi&quot;},
	[&quot;moj&quot;] = {&quot;Monzombo&quot;},
	[&quot;mok&quot;] = {&quot;Morori&quot;},
	[&quot;mom&quot;] = {&quot;Mangue&quot;},
	[&quot;moo&quot;] = {&quot;Monom&quot;},
	[&quot;mop&quot;] = {&quot;Mopán Maya&quot;},
	[&quot;moq&quot;] = {&quot;Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)&quot;},
	[&quot;mor&quot;] = {&quot;Moro&quot;},
	[&quot;mos&quot;] = {&quot;Mossi&quot;},
	[&quot;mot&quot;] = {&quot;Barí&quot;},
	[&quot;mou&quot;] = {&quot;Mogum&quot;},
	[&quot;mov&quot;] = {&quot;Mohave&quot;},
	[&quot;mow&quot;] = {&quot;Moi (Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;mox&quot;] = {&quot;Molima&quot;},
	[&quot;moy&quot;] = {&quot;Shekkacho&quot;},
	[&quot;moz&quot;] = {&quot;Mukulu&quot;, &quot;Gergiko&quot;},
	[&quot;mpa&quot;] = {&quot;Mpoto&quot;},
	[&quot;mpb&quot;] = {&quot;Mullukmulluk&quot;},
	[&quot;mpc&quot;] = {&quot;Mangarayi&quot;},
	[&quot;mpd&quot;] = {&quot;Machinere&quot;},
	[&quot;mpe&quot;] = {&quot;Majang&quot;},
	[&quot;mpg&quot;] = {&quot;Marba&quot;},
	[&quot;mph&quot;] = {&quot;Maung&quot;},
	[&quot;mpi&quot;] = {&quot;Mpade&quot;},
	[&quot;mpj&quot;] = {&quot;Martu Wangka&quot;},
	[&quot;mpk&quot;] = {&quot;Mbara (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;mpl&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Watut&quot;},
	[&quot;mpm&quot;] = {&quot;Yosondúa Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mpn&quot;] = {&quot;Mindiri&quot;},
	[&quot;mpo&quot;] = {&quot;Miu&quot;},
	[&quot;mpp&quot;] = {&quot;Migabac&quot;},
	[&quot;mpq&quot;] = {&quot;Matís&quot;},
	[&quot;mpr&quot;] = {&quot;Vangunu&quot;},
	[&quot;mps&quot;] = {&quot;Dadibi&quot;},
	[&quot;mpt&quot;] = {&quot;Mian&quot;},
	[&quot;mpu&quot;] = {&quot;Makuráp&quot;},
	[&quot;mpv&quot;] = {&quot;Mungkip&quot;},
	[&quot;mpw&quot;] = {&quot;Mapidian&quot;},
	[&quot;mpx&quot;] = {&quot;Misima-Panaeati&quot;},
	[&quot;mpy&quot;] = {&quot;Mapia&quot;},
	[&quot;mpz&quot;] = {&quot;Mpi&quot;},
	[&quot;mqa&quot;] = {&quot;Maba (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mqb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbuko&quot;},
	[&quot;mqc&quot;] = {&quot;Mangole&quot;},
	[&quot;mqe&quot;] = {&quot;Matepi&quot;},
	[&quot;mqf&quot;] = {&quot;Momuna&quot;},
	[&quot;mqg&quot;] = {&quot;Kota Bangun Kutai Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mqh&quot;] = {&quot;Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mqi&quot;] = {&quot;Mariri&quot;},
	[&quot;mqj&quot;] = {&quot;Mamasa&quot;},
	[&quot;mqk&quot;] = {&quot;Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mql&quot;] = {&quot;Mbelime&quot;},
	[&quot;mqm&quot;] = {&quot;South Marquesan&quot;},
	[&quot;mqn&quot;] = {&quot;Moronene&quot;},
	[&quot;mqo&quot;] = {&quot;Modole&quot;},
	[&quot;mqp&quot;] = {&quot;Manipa&quot;},
	[&quot;mqq&quot;] = {&quot;Minokok&quot;},
	[&quot;mqr&quot;] = {&quot;Mander&quot;},
	[&quot;mqs&quot;] = {&quot;West Makian&quot;},
	[&quot;mqt&quot;] = {&quot;Mok&quot;},
	[&quot;mqu&quot;] = {&quot;Mandari&quot;},
	[&quot;mqv&quot;] = {&quot;Mosimo&quot;},
	[&quot;mqw&quot;] = {&quot;Murupi&quot;},
	[&quot;mqx&quot;] = {&quot;Mamuju&quot;},
	[&quot;mqy&quot;] = {&quot;Manggarai&quot;},
	[&quot;mqz&quot;] = {&quot;Pano&quot;},
	[&quot;mra&quot;] = {&quot;Mlabri&quot;},
	[&quot;mrb&quot;] = {&quot;Marino&quot;},
	[&quot;mrc&quot;] = {&quot;Maricopa&quot;},
	[&quot;mrd&quot;] = {&quot;Western Magar&quot;},
	[&quot;mre&quot;] = {&quot;Martha's Vineyard Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mrf&quot;] = {&quot;Elseng&quot;},
	[&quot;mrg&quot;] = {&quot;Mising&quot;},
	[&quot;mrh&quot;] = {&quot;Mara Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;mrj&quot;] = {&quot;Western Mari&quot;},
	[&quot;mrk&quot;] = {&quot;Hmwaveke&quot;},
	[&quot;mrl&quot;] = {&quot;Mortlockese&quot;},
	[&quot;mrm&quot;] = {&quot;Merlav&quot;, &quot;Mwerlap&quot;},
	[&quot;mrn&quot;] = {&quot;Cheke Holo&quot;},
	[&quot;mro&quot;] = {&quot;Mru&quot;},
	[&quot;mrp&quot;] = {&quot;Morouas&quot;},
	[&quot;mrq&quot;] = {&quot;North Marquesan&quot;},
	[&quot;mrr&quot;] = {&quot;Maria (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;mrs&quot;] = {&quot;Maragus&quot;},
	[&quot;mrt&quot;] = {&quot;Marghi Central&quot;},
	[&quot;mru&quot;] = {&quot;Mono (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;mrv&quot;] = {&quot;Mangareva&quot;},
	[&quot;mrw&quot;] = {&quot;Maranao&quot;},
	[&quot;mrx&quot;] = {&quot;Maremgi&quot;, &quot;Dineor&quot;},
	[&quot;mry&quot;] = {&quot;Mandaya&quot;},
	[&quot;mrz&quot;] = {&quot;Marind&quot;},
	[&quot;msb&quot;] = {&quot;Masbatenyo&quot;},
	[&quot;msc&quot;] = {&quot;Sankaran Maninka&quot;},
	[&quot;msd&quot;] = {&quot;Yucatec Maya Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mse&quot;] = {&quot;Musey&quot;},
	[&quot;msf&quot;] = {&quot;Mekwei&quot;},
	[&quot;msg&quot;] = {&quot;Moraid&quot;},
	[&quot;msh&quot;] = {&quot;Masikoro Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;msi&quot;] = {&quot;Sabah Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;msj&quot;] = {&quot;Ma (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;msk&quot;] = {&quot;Mansaka&quot;},
	[&quot;msl&quot;] = {&quot;Molof&quot;, &quot;Poule&quot;},
	[&quot;msm&quot;] = {&quot;Agusan Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;msn&quot;] = {&quot;Vurës&quot;},
	[&quot;mso&quot;] = {&quot;Mombum&quot;},
	[&quot;msp&quot;] = {&quot;Maritsauá&quot;},
	[&quot;msq&quot;] = {&quot;Caac&quot;},
	[&quot;msr&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mss&quot;] = {&quot;West Masela&quot;},
	[&quot;msu&quot;] = {&quot;Musom&quot;},
	[&quot;msv&quot;] = {&quot;Maslam&quot;},
	[&quot;msw&quot;] = {&quot;Mansoanka&quot;},
	[&quot;msx&quot;] = {&quot;Moresada&quot;},
	[&quot;msy&quot;] = {&quot;Aruamu&quot;},
	[&quot;msz&quot;] = {&quot;Momare&quot;},
	[&quot;mta&quot;] = {&quot;Cotabato Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mtb&quot;] = {&quot;Anyin Morofo&quot;},
	[&quot;mtc&quot;] = {&quot;Munit&quot;},
	[&quot;mtd&quot;] = {&quot;Mualang&quot;},
	[&quot;mte&quot;] = {&quot;Mono (Solomon Islands)&quot;},
	[&quot;mtf&quot;] = {&quot;Murik (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mtg&quot;] = {&quot;Una&quot;},
	[&quot;mth&quot;] = {&quot;Munggui&quot;},
	[&quot;mti&quot;] = {&quot;Maiwa (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mtj&quot;] = {&quot;Moskona&quot;},
	[&quot;mtk&quot;] = {&quot;Mbe'&quot;},
	[&quot;mtl&quot;] = {&quot;Montol&quot;},
	[&quot;mtm&quot;] = {&quot;Mator&quot;},
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = {&quot;Matagalpa&quot;},
	[&quot;mto&quot;] = {&quot;Totontepec Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mtp&quot;] = {&quot;Wichí Lhamtés Nocten&quot;},
	[&quot;mtq&quot;] = {&quot;Muong&quot;},
	[&quot;mtr&quot;] = {&quot;Mewari&quot;},
	[&quot;mts&quot;] = {&quot;Yora&quot;},
	[&quot;mtt&quot;] = {&quot;Mota&quot;},
	[&quot;mtu&quot;] = {&quot;Tututepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mtv&quot;] = {&quot;Asaro'o&quot;},
	[&quot;mtw&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Binukidnon&quot;},
	[&quot;mtx&quot;] = {&quot;Tidaá Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mty&quot;] = {&quot;Nabi&quot;},
	[&quot;mua&quot;] = {&quot;Mundang&quot;},
	[&quot;mub&quot;] = {&quot;Mubi&quot;},
	[&quot;muc&quot;] = {&quot;Ajumbu&quot;},
	[&quot;mud&quot;] = {&quot;Mednyj Aleut&quot;},
	[&quot;mue&quot;] = {&quot;Media Lengua&quot;},
	[&quot;mug&quot;] = {&quot;Musgu&quot;},
	[&quot;muh&quot;] = {&quot;Mündü&quot;},
	[&quot;mui&quot;] = {&quot;Musi&quot;},
	[&quot;muj&quot;] = {&quot;Mabire&quot;},
	[&quot;muk&quot;] = {&quot;Mugom&quot;},
	[&quot;mul&quot;] = {&quot;Multiple languages&quot;},
	[&quot;mum&quot;] = {&quot;Maiwala&quot;},
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = {&quot;Munda languages&quot;},
	[&quot;muo&quot;] = {&quot;Nyong&quot;},
	[&quot;mup&quot;] = {&quot;Malvi&quot;},
	[&quot;muq&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Xiangxi Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;mur&quot;] = {&quot;Murle&quot;},
	[&quot;mus&quot;] = {&quot;Creek&quot;},
	[&quot;mut&quot;] = {&quot;Western Muria&quot;},
	[&quot;muu&quot;] = {&quot;Yaaku&quot;},
	[&quot;muv&quot;] = {&quot;Muthuvan&quot;},
	[&quot;mux&quot;] = {&quot;Bo-Ung&quot;},
	[&quot;muy&quot;] = {&quot;Muyang&quot;},
	[&quot;muz&quot;] = {&quot;Mursi&quot;},
	[&quot;mva&quot;] = {&quot;Manam&quot;},
	[&quot;mvb&quot;] = {&quot;Mattole&quot;},
	[&quot;mvd&quot;] = {&quot;Mamboru&quot;},
	[&quot;mve&quot;] = {&quot;Marwari (Pakistan)&quot;},
	[&quot;mvf&quot;] = {&quot;Peripheral Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;mvg&quot;] = {&quot;Yucuañe Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mvh&quot;] = {&quot;Mulgi&quot;},
	[&quot;mvi&quot;] = {&quot;Miyako&quot;},
	[&quot;mvk&quot;] = {&quot;Mekmek&quot;},
	[&quot;mvl&quot;] = {&quot;Mbara (Australia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mvm&quot;] = {&quot;Muya&quot;},
	[&quot;mvn&quot;] = {&quot;Minaveha&quot;},
	[&quot;mvo&quot;] = {&quot;Marovo&quot;},
	[&quot;mvp&quot;] = {&quot;Duri&quot;},
	[&quot;mvq&quot;] = {&quot;Moere&quot;},
	[&quot;mvr&quot;] = {&quot;Marau&quot;},
	[&quot;mvs&quot;] = {&quot;Massep&quot;},
	[&quot;mvt&quot;] = {&quot;Mpotovoro&quot;},
	[&quot;mvu&quot;] = {&quot;Marfa&quot;},
	[&quot;mvv&quot;] = {&quot;Tagal Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;mvw&quot;] = {&quot;Machinga&quot;},
	[&quot;mvx&quot;] = {&quot;Meoswar&quot;},
	[&quot;mvy&quot;] = {&quot;Indus Kohistani&quot;},
	[&quot;mvz&quot;] = {&quot;Mesqan&quot;},
	[&quot;mwa&quot;] = {&quot;Mwatebu&quot;},
	[&quot;mwb&quot;] = {&quot;Juwal&quot;},
	[&quot;mwc&quot;] = {&quot;Are&quot;},
	[&quot;mwe&quot;] = {&quot;Mwera (Chimwera)&quot;},
	[&quot;mwf&quot;] = {&quot;Murrinh-Patha&quot;},
	[&quot;mwg&quot;] = {&quot;Aiklep&quot;},
	[&quot;mwh&quot;] = {&quot;Mouk-Aria&quot;},
	[&quot;mwi&quot;] = {&quot;Labo&quot;, &quot;Ninde&quot;},
	[&quot;mwk&quot;] = {&quot;Kita Maninkakan&quot;},
	[&quot;mwl&quot;] = {&quot;Mirandese&quot;},
	[&quot;mwm&quot;] = {&quot;Sar&quot;},
	[&quot;mwn&quot;] = {&quot;Nyamwanga&quot;},
	[&quot;mwo&quot;] = {&quot;Central Maewo&quot;},
	[&quot;mwp&quot;] = {&quot;Kala Lagaw Ya&quot;},
	[&quot;mwq&quot;] = {&quot;Mün Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;mwr&quot;] = {&quot;Marwari&quot;},
	[&quot;mws&quot;] = {&quot;Mwimbi-Muthambi&quot;},
	[&quot;mwt&quot;] = {&quot;Moken&quot;},
	[&quot;mwu&quot;] = {&quot;Mittu&quot;},
	[&quot;mwv&quot;] = {&quot;Mentawai&quot;},
	[&quot;mww&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Daw&quot;},
	[&quot;mwz&quot;] = {&quot;Moingi&quot;},
	[&quot;mxa&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxb&quot;] = {&quot;Tezoatlán Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxc&quot;] = {&quot;Manyika&quot;},
	[&quot;mxd&quot;] = {&quot;Modang&quot;},
	[&quot;mxe&quot;] = {&quot;Mele-Fila&quot;},
	[&quot;mxf&quot;] = {&quot;Malgbe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxg&quot;] = {&quot;Mbangala&quot;},
	[&quot;mxh&quot;] = {&quot;Mvuba&quot;},
	[&quot;mxi&quot;] = {&quot;Mozarabic&quot;},
	[&quot;mxj&quot;] = {&quot;Miju-Mishmi&quot;, &quot;Geman Deng&quot;},
	[&quot;mxk&quot;] = {&quot;Monumbo&quot;},
	[&quot;mxl&quot;] = {&quot;Maxi Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxm&quot;] = {&quot;Meramera&quot;},
	[&quot;mxn&quot;] = {&quot;Moi (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mxo&quot;] = {&quot;Mbowe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxp&quot;] = {&quot;Tlahuitoltepec Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxq&quot;] = {&quot;Juquila Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxr&quot;] = {&quot;Murik (Malaysia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mxs&quot;] = {&quot;Huitepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxt&quot;] = {&quot;Jamiltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxu&quot;] = {&quot;Mada (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;mxv&quot;] = {&quot;Metlatónoc Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxw&quot;] = {&quot;Namo&quot;},
	[&quot;mxx&quot;] = {&quot;Mahou&quot;, &quot;Mawukakan&quot;},
	[&quot;mxy&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxz&quot;] = {&quot;Central Masela&quot;},
	[&quot;myb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbay&quot;},
	[&quot;myc&quot;] = {&quot;Mayeka&quot;},
	[&quot;myd&quot;] = {&quot;Maramba&quot;},
	[&quot;mye&quot;] = {&quot;Myene&quot;},
	[&quot;myf&quot;] = {&quot;Bambassi&quot;},
	[&quot;myg&quot;] = {&quot;Manta&quot;},
	[&quot;myh&quot;] = {&quot;Makah&quot;},
	[&quot;myi&quot;] = {&quot;Mina (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;myj&quot;] = {&quot;Mangayat&quot;},
	[&quot;myk&quot;] = {&quot;Mamara Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;myl&quot;] = {&quot;Moma&quot;},
	[&quot;mym&quot;] = {&quot;Me'en&quot;},
	[&quot;myn&quot;] = {&quot;Mayan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;myo&quot;] = {&quot;Anfillo&quot;},
	[&quot;myp&quot;] = {&quot;Pirahã&quot;},
	[&quot;myr&quot;] = {&quot;Muniche&quot;},
	[&quot;mys&quot;] = {&quot;Mesmes&quot;},
	[&quot;myu&quot;] = {&quot;Mundurukú&quot;},
	[&quot;myv&quot;] = {&quot;Erzya&quot;},
	[&quot;myw&quot;] = {&quot;Muyuw&quot;},
	[&quot;myx&quot;] = {&quot;Masaaba&quot;},
	[&quot;myy&quot;] = {&quot;Macuna&quot;},
	[&quot;myz&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Mandaic&quot;},
	[&quot;mza&quot;] = {&quot;Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mzb&quot;] = {&quot;Tumzabt&quot;},
	[&quot;mzc&quot;] = {&quot;Madagascar Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mzd&quot;] = {&quot;Malimba&quot;},
	[&quot;mze&quot;] = {&quot;Morawa&quot;},
	[&quot;mzg&quot;] = {&quot;Monastic Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mzh&quot;] = {&quot;Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay&quot;},
	[&quot;mzi&quot;] = {&quot;Ixcatlán Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mzj&quot;] = {&quot;Manya&quot;},
	[&quot;mzk&quot;] = {&quot;Nigeria Mambila&quot;},
	[&quot;mzl&quot;] = {&quot;Mazatlán Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mzm&quot;] = {&quot;Mumuye&quot;},
	[&quot;mzn&quot;] = {&quot;Mazanderani&quot;},
	[&quot;mzo&quot;] = {&quot;Matipuhy&quot;},
	[&quot;mzp&quot;] = {&quot;Movima&quot;},
	[&quot;mzq&quot;] = {&quot;Mori Atas&quot;},
	[&quot;mzr&quot;] = {&quot;Marúbo&quot;},
	[&quot;mzs&quot;] = {&quot;Macanese&quot;},
	[&quot;mzt&quot;] = {&quot;Mintil&quot;},
	[&quot;mzu&quot;] = {&quot;Inapang&quot;},
	[&quot;mzv&quot;] = {&quot;Manza&quot;},
	[&quot;mzw&quot;] = {&quot;Deg&quot;},
	[&quot;mzx&quot;] = {&quot;Mawayana&quot;},
	[&quot;mzy&quot;] = {&quot;Mozambican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mzz&quot;] = {&quot;Maiadomu&quot;},
	[&quot;naa&quot;] = {&quot;Namla&quot;},
	[&quot;nab&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nambikuára&quot;},
	[&quot;nac&quot;] = {&quot;Narak&quot;},
	[&quot;nae&quot;] = {&quot;Naka'ela&quot;},
	[&quot;naf&quot;] = {&quot;Nabak&quot;},
	[&quot;nag&quot;] = {&quot;Naga Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;nah&quot;] = {&quot;Nahuatl languages&quot;},
	[&quot;nai&quot;] = {&quot;North American Indian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;naj&quot;] = {&quot;Nalu&quot;},
	[&quot;nak&quot;] = {&quot;Nakanai&quot;},
	[&quot;nal&quot;] = {&quot;Nalik&quot;},
	[&quot;nam&quot;] = {&quot;Ngan'gityemerri&quot;},
	[&quot;nan&quot;] = {&quot;Min Nan Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;nao&quot;] = {&quot;Naaba&quot;},
	[&quot;nap&quot;] = {&quot;Neapolitan&quot;},
	[&quot;naq&quot;] = {&quot;Khoekhoe&quot;, &quot;Nama (Namibia)&quot;},
	[&quot;nar&quot;] = {&quot;Iguta&quot;},
	[&quot;nas&quot;] = {&quot;Naasioi&quot;},
	[&quot;nat&quot;] = {&quot;Ca̱hungwa̱rya̱&quot;, &quot;Hungworo&quot;},
	[&quot;naw&quot;] = {&quot;Nawuri&quot;},
	[&quot;nax&quot;] = {&quot;Nakwi&quot;},
	[&quot;nay&quot;] = {&quot;Narrinyeri&quot;},
	[&quot;naz&quot;] = {&quot;Coatepec Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nba&quot;] = {&quot;Nyemba&quot;},
	[&quot;nbb&quot;] = {&quot;Ndoe&quot;},
	[&quot;nbc&quot;] = {&quot;Chang Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nbd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbinda&quot;},
	[&quot;nbe&quot;] = {&quot;Konyak Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nbg&quot;] = {&quot;Nagarchal&quot;},
	[&quot;nbh&quot;] = {&quot;Ngamo&quot;},
	[&quot;nbi&quot;] = {&quot;Mao Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarinman&quot;},
	[&quot;nbk&quot;] = {&quot;Nake&quot;},
	[&quot;nbm&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbaka Ma'bo&quot;},
	[&quot;nbn&quot;] = {&quot;Kuri&quot;},
	[&quot;nbo&quot;] = {&quot;Nkukoli&quot;},
	[&quot;nbp&quot;] = {&quot;Nnam&quot;},
	[&quot;nbq&quot;] = {&quot;Nggem&quot;},
	[&quot;nbr&quot;] = {&quot;Numana-Nunku-Gbantu-Numbu&quot;},
	[&quot;nbs&quot;] = {&quot;Namibian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nbt&quot;] = {&quot;Na&quot;},
	[&quot;nbu&quot;] = {&quot;Rongmei Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nbv&quot;] = {&quot;Ngamambo&quot;},
	[&quot;nbw&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Ngbandi&quot;},
	[&quot;nby&quot;] = {&quot;Ningera&quot;},
	[&quot;nca&quot;] = {&quot;Iyo&quot;},
	[&quot;ncb&quot;] = {&quot;Central Nicobarese&quot;},
	[&quot;ncc&quot;] = {&quot;Ponam&quot;},
	[&quot;ncd&quot;] = {&quot;Nachering&quot;},
	[&quot;nce&quot;] = {&quot;Yale&quot;},
	[&quot;ncf&quot;] = {&quot;Notsi&quot;},
	[&quot;ncg&quot;] = {&quot;Nisga'a&quot;},
	[&quot;nch&quot;] = {&quot;Central Huasteca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nci&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;ncj&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Puebla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nck&quot;] = {&quot;Nakara&quot;},
	[&quot;ncl&quot;] = {&quot;Michoacán Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;ncm&quot;] = {&quot;Nambo&quot;},
	[&quot;ncn&quot;] = {&quot;Nauna&quot;},
	[&quot;nco&quot;] = {&quot;Sibe&quot;},
	[&quot;ncq&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Katang&quot;},
	[&quot;ncr&quot;] = {&quot;Ncane&quot;},
	[&quot;ncs&quot;] = {&quot;Nicaraguan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nct&quot;] = {&quot;Chothe Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;ncu&quot;] = {&quot;Chumburung&quot;},
	[&quot;ncx&quot;] = {&quot;Central Puebla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;ncz&quot;] = {&quot;Natchez&quot;},
	[&quot;nda&quot;] = {&quot;Ndasa&quot;},
	[&quot;ndb&quot;] = {&quot;Kenswei Nsei&quot;},
	[&quot;ndc&quot;] = {&quot;Ndau&quot;},
	[&quot;ndd&quot;] = {&quot;Nde-Nsele-Nta&quot;},
	[&quot;ndf&quot;] = {&quot;Nadruvian&quot;},
	[&quot;ndg&quot;] = {&quot;Ndengereko&quot;},
	[&quot;ndh&quot;] = {&quot;Ndali&quot;},
	[&quot;ndi&quot;] = {&quot;Samba Leko&quot;},
	[&quot;ndj&quot;] = {&quot;Ndamba&quot;},
	[&quot;ndk&quot;] = {&quot;Ndaka&quot;},
	[&quot;ndl&quot;] = {&quot;Ndolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ndm&quot;] = {&quot;Ndam&quot;},
	[&quot;ndn&quot;] = {&quot;Ngundi&quot;},
	[&quot;ndp&quot;] = {&quot;Ndo&quot;},
	[&quot;ndq&quot;] = {&quot;Ndombe&quot;},
	[&quot;ndr&quot;] = {&quot;Ndoola&quot;},
	[&quot;nds&quot;] = {&quot;Low German&quot;, &quot;Low Saxon&quot;},
	[&quot;ndt&quot;] = {&quot;Ndunga&quot;},
	[&quot;ndu&quot;] = {&quot;Dugun&quot;},
	[&quot;ndv&quot;] = {&quot;Ndut&quot;},
	[&quot;ndw&quot;] = {&quot;Ndobo&quot;},
	[&quot;ndx&quot;] = {&quot;Nduga&quot;},
	[&quot;ndy&quot;] = {&quot;Lutos&quot;},
	[&quot;ndz&quot;] = {&quot;Ndogo&quot;},
	[&quot;nea&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Ngad'a&quot;},
	[&quot;neb&quot;] = {&quot;Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)&quot;},
	[&quot;nec&quot;] = {&quot;Nedebang&quot;},
	[&quot;ned&quot;] = {&quot;Nde-Gbite&quot;},
	[&quot;nee&quot;] = {&quot;Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak&quot;},
	[&quot;nef&quot;] = {&quot;Nefamese&quot;},
	[&quot;neg&quot;] = {&quot;Negidal&quot;},
	[&quot;neh&quot;] = {&quot;Nyenkha&quot;},
	[&quot;nei&quot;] = {&quot;Neo-Hittite&quot;},
	[&quot;nej&quot;] = {&quot;Neko&quot;},
	[&quot;nek&quot;] = {&quot;Neku&quot;},
	[&quot;nem&quot;] = {&quot;Nemi&quot;},
	[&quot;nen&quot;] = {&quot;Nengone&quot;},
	[&quot;neo&quot;] = {&quot;Ná-Meo&quot;},
	[&quot;neq&quot;] = {&quot;North Central Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;ner&quot;] = {&quot;Yahadian&quot;},
	[&quot;nes&quot;] = {&quot;Bhoti Kinnauri&quot;},
	[&quot;net&quot;] = {&quot;Nete&quot;},
	[&quot;neu&quot;] = {&quot;Neo&quot;},
	[&quot;nev&quot;] = {&quot;Nyaheun&quot;},
	[&quot;new&quot;] = {&quot;Newari&quot;, &quot;Nepal Bhasa&quot;},
	[&quot;nex&quot;] = {&quot;Neme&quot;},
	[&quot;ney&quot;] = {&quot;Neyo&quot;},
	[&quot;nez&quot;] = {&quot;Nez Perce&quot;},
	[&quot;nfa&quot;] = {&quot;Dhao&quot;},
	[&quot;nfd&quot;] = {&quot;Ahwai&quot;},
	[&quot;nfl&quot;] = {&quot;Ayiwo&quot;, &quot;Äiwoo&quot;},
	[&quot;nfr&quot;] = {&quot;Nafaanra&quot;},
	[&quot;nfu&quot;] = {&quot;Mfumte&quot;},
	[&quot;nga&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbaka&quot;},
	[&quot;ngb&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Ngbandi&quot;},
	[&quot;ngc&quot;] = {&quot;Ngombe (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;ngd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngando (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;nge&quot;] = {&quot;Ngemba&quot;},
	[&quot;ngf&quot;] = {&quot;Trans-New Guinea languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ngg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbaka Manza&quot;},
	[&quot;ngh&quot;] = {&quot;N/u&quot;, &quot;Nǀu&quot;},
	[&quot;ngi&quot;] = {&quot;Ngizim&quot;},
	[&quot;ngj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngie&quot;},
	[&quot;ngk&quot;] = {&quot;Dalabon&quot;},
	[&quot;ngl&quot;] = {&quot;Lomwe&quot;},
	[&quot;ngm&quot;] = {&quot;Ngatik Men's Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;ngn&quot;] = {&quot;Ngwo&quot;},
	[&quot;ngo&quot;] = {&quot;Ngoni&quot;},
	[&quot;ngp&quot;] = {&quot;Ngulu&quot;},
	[&quot;ngq&quot;] = {&quot;Ngurimi&quot;, &quot;Ngoreme&quot;},
	[&quot;ngr&quot;] = {&quot;Engdewu&quot;},
	[&quot;ngs&quot;] = {&quot;Gvoko&quot;},
	[&quot;ngt&quot;] = {&quot;Kriang&quot;, &quot;Ngeq&quot;},
	[&quot;ngu&quot;] = {&quot;Guerrero Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;ngv&quot;] = {&quot;Nagumi&quot;},
	[&quot;ngw&quot;] = {&quot;Ngwaba&quot;},
	[&quot;ngx&quot;] = {&quot;Nggwahyi&quot;},
	[&quot;ngy&quot;] = {&quot;Tibea&quot;},
	[&quot;ngz&quot;] = {&quot;Ngungwel&quot;},
	[&quot;nha&quot;] = {&quot;Nhanda&quot;},
	[&quot;nhb&quot;] = {&quot;Beng&quot;},
	[&quot;nhc&quot;] = {&quot;Tabasco Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhd&quot;] = {&quot;Chiripá&quot;, &quot;Ava Guaraní&quot;},
	[&quot;nhe&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhf&quot;] = {&quot;Nhuwala&quot;},
	[&quot;nhg&quot;] = {&quot;Tetelcingo Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhh&quot;] = {&quot;Nahari&quot;},
	[&quot;nhi&quot;] = {&quot;Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhk&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhm&quot;] = {&quot;Morelos Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhn&quot;] = {&quot;Central Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nho&quot;] = {&quot;Takuu&quot;},
	[&quot;nhp&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhq&quot;] = {&quot;Huaxcaleca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhr&quot;] = {&quot;Naro&quot;},
	[&quot;nht&quot;] = {&quot;Ometepec Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhu&quot;] = {&quot;Noone&quot;},
	[&quot;nhv&quot;] = {&quot;Temascaltepec Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Huasteca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhx&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhy&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhz&quot;] = {&quot;Santa María La Alta Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nia&quot;] = {&quot;Nias&quot;},
	[&quot;nib&quot;] = {&quot;Nakame&quot;},
	[&quot;nic&quot;] = {&quot;Niger-Kordofanian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;nid&quot;] = {&quot;Ngandi&quot;},
	[&quot;nie&quot;] = {&quot;Niellim&quot;},
	[&quot;nif&quot;] = {&quot;Nek&quot;},
	[&quot;nig&quot;] = {&quot;Ngalakan&quot;},
	[&quot;nih&quot;] = {&quot;Nyiha (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;nii&quot;] = {&quot;Nii&quot;},
	[&quot;nij&quot;] = {&quot;Ngaju&quot;},
	[&quot;nik&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nicobarese&quot;},
	[&quot;nil&quot;] = {&quot;Nila&quot;},
	[&quot;nim&quot;] = {&quot;Nilamba&quot;},
	[&quot;nin&quot;] = {&quot;Ninzo&quot;},
	[&quot;nio&quot;] = {&quot;Nganasan&quot;},
	[&quot;niq&quot;] = {&quot;Nandi&quot;},
	[&quot;nir&quot;] = {&quot;Nimboran&quot;},
	[&quot;nis&quot;] = {&quot;Nimi&quot;},
	[&quot;nit&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Kolami&quot;},
	[&quot;niu&quot;] = {&quot;Niuean&quot;},
	[&quot;niv&quot;] = {&quot;Gilyak&quot;},
	[&quot;niw&quot;] = {&quot;Nimo&quot;},
	[&quot;nix&quot;] = {&quot;Hema&quot;},
	[&quot;niy&quot;] = {&quot;Ngiti&quot;},
	[&quot;niz&quot;] = {&quot;Ningil&quot;},
	[&quot;nja&quot;] = {&quot;Nzanyi&quot;},
	[&quot;njb&quot;] = {&quot;Nocte Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;njd&quot;] = {&quot;Ndonde Hamba&quot;},
	[&quot;njh&quot;] = {&quot;Lotha Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nji&quot;] = {&quot;Gudanji&quot;},
	[&quot;njj&quot;] = {&quot;Njen&quot;},
	[&quot;njl&quot;] = {&quot;Njalgulgule&quot;},
	[&quot;njm&quot;] = {&quot;Angami Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;njn&quot;] = {&quot;Liangmai Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;njo&quot;] = {&quot;Ao Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;njr&quot;] = {&quot;Njerep&quot;},
	[&quot;njs&quot;] = {&quot;Nisa&quot;},
	[&quot;njt&quot;] = {&quot;Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;nju&quot;] = {&quot;Ngadjunmaya&quot;},
	[&quot;njx&quot;] = {&quot;Kunyi&quot;},
	[&quot;njy&quot;] = {&quot;Njyem&quot;},
	[&quot;njz&quot;] = {&quot;Nyishi&quot;},
	[&quot;nka&quot;] = {&quot;Nkoya&quot;},
	[&quot;nkb&quot;] = {&quot;Khoibu Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nkc&quot;] = {&quot;Nkongho&quot;},
	[&quot;nkd&quot;] = {&quot;Koireng&quot;},
	[&quot;nke&quot;] = {&quot;Duke&quot;},
	[&quot;nkf&quot;] = {&quot;Inpui Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nkg&quot;] = {&quot;Nekgini&quot;},
	[&quot;nkh&quot;] = {&quot;Khezha Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nki&quot;] = {&quot;Thangal Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nkj&quot;] = {&quot;Nakai&quot;},
	[&quot;nkk&quot;] = {&quot;Nokuku&quot;},
	[&quot;nkm&quot;] = {&quot;Namat&quot;},
	[&quot;nkn&quot;] = {&quot;Nkangala&quot;},
	[&quot;nko&quot;] = {&quot;Nkonya&quot;},
	[&quot;nkp&quot;] = {&quot;Niuatoputapu&quot;},
	[&quot;nkq&quot;] = {&quot;Nkami&quot;},
	[&quot;nkr&quot;] = {&quot;Nukuoro&quot;},
	[&quot;nks&quot;] = {&quot;North Asmat&quot;},
	[&quot;nkt&quot;] = {&quot;Nyika (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;nku&quot;] = {&quot;Bouna Kulango&quot;},
	[&quot;nkv&quot;] = {&quot;Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)&quot;},
	[&quot;nkw&quot;] = {&quot;Nkutu&quot;},
	[&quot;nkx&quot;] = {&quot;Nkoroo&quot;},
	[&quot;nkz&quot;] = {&quot;Nkari&quot;},
	[&quot;nla&quot;] = {&quot;Ngombale&quot;},
	[&quot;nlc&quot;] = {&quot;Nalca&quot;},
	[&quot;nle&quot;] = {&quot;East Nyala&quot;},
	[&quot;nlg&quot;] = {&quot;Gela&quot;},
	[&quot;nli&quot;] = {&quot;Grangali&quot;},
	[&quot;nlj&quot;] = {&quot;Nyali&quot;},
	[&quot;nlk&quot;] = {&quot;Ninia Yali&quot;},
	[&quot;nll&quot;] = {&quot;Nihali&quot;},
	[&quot;nlm&quot;] = {&quot;Mankiyali&quot;},
	[&quot;nlo&quot;] = {&quot;Ngul&quot;},
	[&quot;nlq&quot;] = {&quot;Lao Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nlu&quot;] = {&quot;Nchumbulu&quot;},
	[&quot;nlv&quot;] = {&quot;Orizaba Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nlw&quot;] = {&quot;Walangama&quot;},
	[&quot;nlx&quot;] = {&quot;Nahali&quot;},
	[&quot;nly&quot;] = {&quot;Nyamal&quot;},
	[&quot;nlz&quot;] = {&quot;Nalögo&quot;},
	[&quot;nma&quot;] = {&quot;Maram Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nmb&quot;] = {&quot;Big Nambas&quot;, &quot;V'ënen Taut&quot;},
	[&quot;nmc&quot;] = {&quot;Ngam&quot;},
	[&quot;nmd&quot;] = {&quot;Ndumu&quot;},
	[&quot;nme&quot;] = {&quot;Mzieme Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nmf&quot;] = {&quot;Tangkhul Naga (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;nmg&quot;] = {&quot;Kwasio&quot;},
	[&quot;nmh&quot;] = {&quot;Monsang Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nmi&quot;] = {&quot;Nyam&quot;},
	[&quot;nmj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngombe (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;nmk&quot;] = {&quot;Namakura&quot;},
	[&quot;nml&quot;] = {&quot;Ndemli&quot;},
	[&quot;nmm&quot;] = {&quot;Manangba&quot;},
	[&quot;nmn&quot;] = {&quot;!Xóõ&quot;, &quot;ǃXóõ&quot;},
	[&quot;nmo&quot;] = {&quot;Moyon Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nmp&quot;] = {&quot;Nimanbur&quot;},
	[&quot;nmq&quot;] = {&quot;Nambya&quot;},
	[&quot;nmr&quot;] = {&quot;Nimbari&quot;},
	[&quot;nms&quot;] = {&quot;Letemboi&quot;},
	[&quot;nmt&quot;] = {&quot;Namonuito&quot;},
	[&quot;nmu&quot;] = {&quot;Northeast Maidu&quot;},
	[&quot;nmv&quot;] = {&quot;Ngamini&quot;},
	[&quot;nmw&quot;] = {&quot;Nimoa&quot;, &quot;Rifao&quot;},
	[&quot;nmx&quot;] = {&quot;Nama (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;nmy&quot;] = {&quot;Namuyi&quot;},
	[&quot;nmz&quot;] = {&quot;Nawdm&quot;},
	[&quot;nna&quot;] = {&quot;Nyangumarta&quot;},
	[&quot;nnb&quot;] = {&quot;Nande&quot;},
	[&quot;nnc&quot;] = {&quot;Nancere&quot;},
	[&quot;nnd&quot;] = {&quot;West Ambae&quot;},
	[&quot;nne&quot;] = {&quot;Ngandyera&quot;},
	[&quot;nnf&quot;] = {&quot;Ngaing&quot;},
	[&quot;nng&quot;] = {&quot;Maring Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nnh&quot;] = {&quot;Ngiemboon&quot;},
	[&quot;nni&quot;] = {&quot;North Nuaulu&quot;},
	[&quot;nnj&quot;] = {&quot;Nyangatom&quot;},
	[&quot;nnk&quot;] = {&quot;Nankina&quot;},
	[&quot;nnl&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Rengma Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nnm&quot;] = {&quot;Namia&quot;},
	[&quot;nnn&quot;] = {&quot;Ngete&quot;},
	[&quot;nnp&quot;] = {&quot;Wancho Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nnq&quot;] = {&quot;Ngindo&quot;},
	[&quot;nnr&quot;] = {&quot;Narungga&quot;},
	[&quot;nns&quot;] = {&quot;Ningye&quot;},
	[&quot;nnt&quot;] = {&quot;Nanticoke&quot;},
	[&quot;nnu&quot;] = {&quot;Dwang&quot;},
	[&quot;nnv&quot;] = {&quot;Nugunu (Australia)&quot;},
	[&quot;nnw&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nuni&quot;},
	[&quot;nny&quot;] = {&quot;Nyangga&quot;},
	[&quot;nnz&quot;] = {&quot;Nda'nda'&quot;},
	[&quot;noa&quot;] = {&quot;Woun Meu&quot;},
	[&quot;noc&quot;] = {&quot;Nuk&quot;},
	[&quot;nod&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;noe&quot;] = {&quot;Nimadi&quot;},
	[&quot;nof&quot;] = {&quot;Nomane&quot;},
	[&quot;nog&quot;] = {&quot;Nogai&quot;},
	[&quot;noh&quot;] = {&quot;Nomu&quot;},
	[&quot;noi&quot;] = {&quot;Noiri&quot;},
	[&quot;noj&quot;] = {&quot;Nonuya&quot;},
	[&quot;nok&quot;] = {&quot;Nooksack&quot;},
	[&quot;nol&quot;] = {&quot;Nomlaki&quot;},
	[&quot;nom&quot;] = {&quot;Nocamán&quot;},
	[&quot;non&quot;] = {&quot;Old Norse&quot;},
	[&quot;nop&quot;] = {&quot;Numanggang&quot;},
	[&quot;noq&quot;] = {&quot;Ngongo&quot;},
	[&quot;nos&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;not&quot;] = {&quot;Nomatsiguenga&quot;},
	[&quot;nou&quot;] = {&quot;Ewage-Notu&quot;},
	[&quot;nov&quot;] = {&quot;Novial&quot;},
	[&quot;now&quot;] = {&quot;Nyambo&quot;},
	[&quot;noy&quot;] = {&quot;Noy&quot;},
	[&quot;noz&quot;] = {&quot;Nayi&quot;},
	[&quot;npa&quot;] = {&quot;Nar Phu&quot;},
	[&quot;npb&quot;] = {&quot;Nupbikha&quot;},
	[&quot;npg&quot;] = {&quot;Ponyo-Gongwang Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nph&quot;] = {&quot;Phom Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;npi&quot;] = {&quot;Nepali (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;npl&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;npn&quot;] = {&quot;Mondropolon&quot;},
	[&quot;npo&quot;] = {&quot;Pochuri Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nps&quot;] = {&quot;Nipsan&quot;},
	[&quot;npu&quot;] = {&quot;Puimei Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;npx&quot;] = {&quot;Noipx&quot;},
	[&quot;npy&quot;] = {&quot;Napu&quot;},
	[&quot;nqg&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nago&quot;},
	[&quot;nqk&quot;] = {&quot;Kura Ede Nago&quot;},
	[&quot;nql&quot;] = {&quot;Ngendelengo&quot;},
	[&quot;nqm&quot;] = {&quot;Ndom&quot;},
	[&quot;nqn&quot;] = {&quot;Nen&quot;},
	[&quot;nqo&quot;] = {&quot;N'Ko&quot;, &quot;N’Ko&quot;},
	[&quot;nqq&quot;] = {&quot;Kyan-Karyaw Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nqy&quot;] = {&quot;Akyaung Ari Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nra&quot;] = {&quot;Ngom&quot;},
	[&quot;nrb&quot;] = {&quot;Nara&quot;},
	[&quot;nrc&quot;] = {&quot;Noric&quot;},
	[&quot;nre&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Rengma Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nrf&quot;] = {&quot;Jèrriais&quot;, &quot;Guernésiais&quot;},
	[&quot;nrg&quot;] = {&quot;Narango&quot;},
	[&quot;nri&quot;] = {&quot;Chokri Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nrk&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarla&quot;},
	[&quot;nrl&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarluma&quot;},
	[&quot;nrm&quot;] = {&quot;Narom&quot;},
	[&quot;nrn&quot;] = {&quot;Norn&quot;},
	[&quot;nrp&quot;] = {&quot;North Picene&quot;},
	[&quot;nrr&quot;] = {&quot;Norra&quot;, &quot;Nora&quot;},
	[&quot;nrt&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Kalapuya&quot;},
	[&quot;nru&quot;] = {&quot;Narua&quot;},
	[&quot;nrx&quot;] = {&quot;Ngurmbur&quot;},
	[&quot;nrz&quot;] = {&quot;Lala&quot;},
	[&quot;nsa&quot;] = {&quot;Sangtam Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nsc&quot;] = {&quot;Nshi&quot;},
	[&quot;nsd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;nse&quot;] = {&quot;Nsenga&quot;},
	[&quot;nsf&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;nsg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngasa&quot;},
	[&quot;nsh&quot;] = {&quot;Ngoshie&quot;},
	[&quot;nsi&quot;] = {&quot;Nigerian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nsk&quot;] = {&quot;Naskapi&quot;},
	[&quot;nsl&quot;] = {&quot;Norwegian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nsm&quot;] = {&quot;Sumi Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nsn&quot;] = {&quot;Nehan&quot;},
	[&quot;nso&quot;] = {&quot;Pedi&quot;, &quot;Northern Sotho&quot;, &quot;Sepedi&quot;},
	[&quot;nsp&quot;] = {&quot;Nepalese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nsq&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Sierra Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;nsr&quot;] = {&quot;Maritime Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nss&quot;] = {&quot;Nali&quot;},
	[&quot;nst&quot;] = {&quot;Tase Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nsu&quot;] = {&quot;Sierra Negra Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nsv&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;nsw&quot;] = {&quot;Navut&quot;},
	[&quot;nsx&quot;] = {&quot;Nsongo&quot;},
	[&quot;nsy&quot;] = {&quot;Nasal&quot;},
	[&quot;nsz&quot;] = {&quot;Nisenan&quot;},
	[&quot;ntd&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tidung&quot;},
	[&quot;nte&quot;] = {&quot;Nathembo&quot;},
	[&quot;ntg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngantangarra&quot;},
	[&quot;nti&quot;] = {&quot;Natioro&quot;},
	[&quot;ntj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngaanyatjarra&quot;},
	[&quot;ntk&quot;] = {&quot;Ikoma-Nata-Isenye&quot;},
	[&quot;ntm&quot;] = {&quot;Nateni&quot;},
	[&quot;nto&quot;] = {&quot;Ntomba&quot;},
	[&quot;ntp&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tepehuan&quot;},
	[&quot;ntr&quot;] = {&quot;Delo&quot;},
	[&quot;ntu&quot;] = {&quot;Natügu&quot;},
	[&quot;ntw&quot;] = {&quot;Nottoway&quot;},
	[&quot;ntx&quot;] = {&quot;Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)&quot;},
	[&quot;nty&quot;] = {&quot;Mantsi&quot;},
	[&quot;ntz&quot;] = {&quot;Natanzi&quot;},
	[&quot;nua&quot;] = {&quot;Yuanga&quot;},
	[&quot;nub&quot;] = {&quot;Nubian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;nuc&quot;] = {&quot;Nukuini&quot;},
	[&quot;nud&quot;] = {&quot;Ngala&quot;},
	[&quot;nue&quot;] = {&quot;Ngundu&quot;},
	[&quot;nuf&quot;] = {&quot;Nusu&quot;},
	[&quot;nug&quot;] = {&quot;Nungali&quot;},
	[&quot;nuh&quot;] = {&quot;Ndunda&quot;},
	[&quot;nui&quot;] = {&quot;Ngumbi&quot;},
	[&quot;nuj&quot;] = {&quot;Nyole&quot;},
	[&quot;nuk&quot;] = {&quot;Nuu-chah-nulth&quot;, &quot;Nuuchahnulth&quot;},
	[&quot;nul&quot;] = {&quot;Nusa Laut&quot;},
	[&quot;num&quot;] = {&quot;Niuafo'ou&quot;},
	[&quot;nun&quot;] = {&quot;Anong&quot;},
	[&quot;nuo&quot;] = {&quot;Nguôn&quot;},
	[&quot;nup&quot;] = {&quot;Nupe-Nupe-Tako&quot;},
	[&quot;nuq&quot;] = {&quot;Nukumanu&quot;},
	[&quot;nur&quot;] = {&quot;Nukuria&quot;},
	[&quot;nus&quot;] = {&quot;Nuer&quot;},
	[&quot;nut&quot;] = {&quot;Nung (Viet Nam)&quot;},
	[&quot;nuu&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbundu&quot;},
	[&quot;nuv&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Nuni&quot;},
	[&quot;nuw&quot;] = {&quot;Nguluwan&quot;},
	[&quot;nux&quot;] = {&quot;Mehek&quot;},
	[&quot;nuy&quot;] = {&quot;Nunggubuyu&quot;},
	[&quot;nuz&quot;] = {&quot;Tlamacazapa Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nvh&quot;] = {&quot;Nasarian&quot;},
	[&quot;nvm&quot;] = {&quot;Namiae&quot;},
	[&quot;nvo&quot;] = {&quot;Nyokon&quot;},
	[&quot;nwa&quot;] = {&quot;Nawathinehena&quot;},
	[&quot;nwb&quot;] = {&quot;Nyabwa&quot;},
	[&quot;nwc&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Newari&quot;, &quot;Classical Nepal Bhasa&quot;, &quot;Old Newari&quot;},
	[&quot;nwe&quot;] = {&quot;Ngwe&quot;},
	[&quot;nwg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngayawung&quot;},
	[&quot;nwi&quot;] = {&quot;Southwest Tanna&quot;},
	[&quot;nwm&quot;] = {&quot;Nyamusa-Molo&quot;},
	[&quot;nwo&quot;] = {&quot;Nauo&quot;},
	[&quot;nwr&quot;] = {&quot;Nawaru&quot;},
	[&quot;nwx&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Newar&quot;},
	[&quot;nwy&quot;] = {&quot;Nottoway-Meherrin&quot;},
	[&quot;nxa&quot;] = {&quot;Nauete&quot;},
	[&quot;nxd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngando (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;nxe&quot;] = {&quot;Nage&quot;},
	[&quot;nxg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngad'a&quot;},
	[&quot;nxi&quot;] = {&quot;Nindi&quot;},
	[&quot;nxk&quot;] = {&quot;Koki Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nxl&quot;] = {&quot;South Nuaulu&quot;},
	[&quot;nxm&quot;] = {&quot;Numidian&quot;},
	[&quot;nxn&quot;] = {&quot;Ngawun&quot;},
	[&quot;nxo&quot;] = {&quot;Ndambomo&quot;},
	[&quot;nxq&quot;] = {&quot;Naxi&quot;},
	[&quot;nxr&quot;] = {&quot;Ninggerum&quot;},
	[&quot;nxu&quot;] = {&quot;Narau&quot;},
	[&quot;nxx&quot;] = {&quot;Nafri&quot;},
	[&quot;nyb&quot;] = {&quot;Nyangbo&quot;},
	[&quot;nyc&quot;] = {&quot;Nyanga-li&quot;},
	[&quot;nyd&quot;] = {&quot;Nyore&quot;, &quot;Olunyole&quot;},
	[&quot;nye&quot;] = {&quot;Nyengo&quot;},
	[&quot;nyf&quot;] = {&quot;Giryama&quot;, &quot;Kigiryama&quot;},
	[&quot;nyg&quot;] = {&quot;Nyindu&quot;},
	[&quot;nyh&quot;] = {&quot;Nyigina&quot;},
	[&quot;nyi&quot;] = {&quot;Ama (Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;nyj&quot;] = {&quot;Nyanga&quot;},
	[&quot;nyk&quot;] = {&quot;Nyaneka&quot;},
	[&quot;nyl&quot;] = {&quot;Nyeu&quot;},
	[&quot;nym&quot;] = {&quot;Nyamwezi&quot;},
	[&quot;nyn&quot;] = {&quot;Nyankole&quot;},
	[&quot;nyo&quot;] = {&quot;Nyoro&quot;},
	[&quot;nyp&quot;] = {&quot;Nyang'i&quot;},
	[&quot;nyq&quot;] = {&quot;Nayini&quot;},
	[&quot;nyr&quot;] = {&quot;Nyiha (Malawi)&quot;},
	[&quot;nys&quot;] = {&quot;Nyunga&quot;},
	[&quot;nyt&quot;] = {&quot;Nyawaygi&quot;},
	[&quot;nyu&quot;] = {&quot;Nyungwe&quot;},
	[&quot;nyv&quot;] = {&quot;Nyulnyul&quot;},
	[&quot;nyw&quot;] = {&quot;Nyaw&quot;},
	[&quot;nyx&quot;] = {&quot;Nganyaywana&quot;},
	[&quot;nyy&quot;] = {&quot;Nyakyusa-Ngonde&quot;},
	[&quot;nza&quot;] = {&quot;Tigon Mbembe&quot;},
	[&quot;nzb&quot;] = {&quot;Njebi&quot;},
	[&quot;nzd&quot;] = {&quot;Nzadi&quot;},
	[&quot;nzi&quot;] = {&quot;Nzima&quot;},
	[&quot;nzk&quot;] = {&quot;Nzakara&quot;},
	[&quot;nzm&quot;] = {&quot;Zeme Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nzs&quot;] = {&quot;New Zealand Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nzu&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Nzikou&quot;},
	[&quot;nzy&quot;] = {&quot;Nzakambay&quot;},
	[&quot;nzz&quot;] = {&quot;Nanga Dama Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;oaa&quot;] = {&quot;Orok&quot;},
	[&quot;oac&quot;] = {&quot;Oroch&quot;},
	[&quot;oar&quot;] = {&quot;Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)&quot;, &quot;Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)&quot;},
	[&quot;oav&quot;] = {&quot;Old Avar&quot;},
	[&quot;obi&quot;] = {&quot;Obispeño&quot;},
	[&quot;obk&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = {&quot;Oblo&quot;},
	[&quot;obm&quot;] = {&quot;Moabite&quot;},
	[&quot;obo&quot;] = {&quot;Obo Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;obr&quot;] = {&quot;Old Burmese&quot;},
	[&quot;obt&quot;] = {&quot;Old Breton&quot;},
	[&quot;obu&quot;] = {&quot;Obulom&quot;},
	[&quot;oca&quot;] = {&quot;Ocaina&quot;},
	[&quot;och&quot;] = {&quot;Old Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;oco&quot;] = {&quot;Old Cornish&quot;},
	[&quot;ocu&quot;] = {&quot;Atzingo Matlatzinca&quot;},
	[&quot;oda&quot;] = {&quot;Odut&quot;},
	[&quot;odk&quot;] = {&quot;Od&quot;},
	[&quot;odt&quot;] = {&quot;Old Dutch&quot;},
	[&quot;odu&quot;] = {&quot;Odual&quot;},
	[&quot;ofo&quot;] = {&quot;Ofo&quot;},
	[&quot;ofs&quot;] = {&quot;Old Frisian&quot;},
	[&quot;ofu&quot;] = {&quot;Efutop&quot;},
	[&quot;ogb&quot;] = {&quot;Ogbia&quot;},
	[&quot;ogc&quot;] = {&quot;Ogbah&quot;},
	[&quot;oge&quot;] = {&quot;Old Georgian&quot;},
	[&quot;ogg&quot;] = {&quot;Ogbogolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ogo&quot;] = {&quot;Khana&quot;},
	[&quot;ogu&quot;] = {&quot;Ogbronuagum&quot;},
	[&quot;oht&quot;] = {&quot;Old Hittite&quot;},
	[&quot;ohu&quot;] = {&quot;Old Hungarian&quot;},
	[&quot;oia&quot;] = {&quot;Oirata&quot;},
	[&quot;oin&quot;] = {&quot;Inebu One&quot;},
	[&quot;ojb&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ojc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ojg&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ojp&quot;] = {&quot;Old Japanese&quot;},
	[&quot;ojs&quot;] = {&quot;Severn Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ojv&quot;] = {&quot;Ontong Java&quot;},
	[&quot;ojw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;oka&quot;] = {&quot;Okanagan&quot;},
	[&quot;okb&quot;] = {&quot;Okobo&quot;},
	[&quot;okd&quot;] = {&quot;Okodia&quot;},
	[&quot;oke&quot;] = {&quot;Okpe (Southwestern Edo)&quot;},
	[&quot;okg&quot;] = {&quot;Koko Babangk&quot;},
	[&quot;okh&quot;] = {&quot;Koresh-e Rostam&quot;},
	[&quot;oki&quot;] = {&quot;Okiek&quot;},
	[&quot;okj&quot;] = {&quot;Oko-Juwoi&quot;},
	[&quot;okk&quot;] = {&quot;Kwamtim One&quot;},
	[&quot;okl&quot;] = {&quot;Old Kentish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;okm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Korean (10th-16th cent.)&quot;},
	[&quot;okn&quot;] = {&quot;Oki-No-Erabu&quot;},
	[&quot;oko&quot;] = {&quot;Old Korean (3rd-9th cent.)&quot;},
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = {&quot;Kirike&quot;},
	[&quot;oks&quot;] = {&quot;Oko-Eni-Osayen&quot;},
	[&quot;oku&quot;] = {&quot;Oku&quot;},
	[&quot;okv&quot;] = {&quot;Orokaiva&quot;},
	[&quot;okx&quot;] = {&quot;Okpe (Northwestern Edo)&quot;},
	[&quot;ola&quot;] = {&quot;Walungge&quot;},
	[&quot;old&quot;] = {&quot;Mochi&quot;},
	[&quot;ole&quot;] = {&quot;Olekha&quot;},
	[&quot;olk&quot;] = {&quot;Olkol&quot;},
	[&quot;olm&quot;] = {&quot;Oloma&quot;},
	[&quot;olo&quot;] = {&quot;Livvi&quot;},
	[&quot;olr&quot;] = {&quot;Olrat&quot;},
	[&quot;olt&quot;] = {&quot;Old Lithuanian&quot;},
	[&quot;olu&quot;] = {&quot;Kuvale&quot;},
	[&quot;oma&quot;] = {&quot;Omaha-Ponca&quot;},
	[&quot;omb&quot;] = {&quot;East Ambae&quot;},
	[&quot;omc&quot;] = {&quot;Mochica&quot;},
	[&quot;omg&quot;] = {&quot;Omagua&quot;},
	[&quot;omi&quot;] = {&quot;Omi&quot;},
	[&quot;omk&quot;] = {&quot;Omok&quot;},
	[&quot;oml&quot;] = {&quot;Ombo&quot;},
	[&quot;omn&quot;] = {&quot;Minoan&quot;},
	[&quot;omo&quot;] = {&quot;Utarmbung&quot;},
	[&quot;omp&quot;] = {&quot;Old Manipuri&quot;},
	[&quot;omq&quot;] = {&quot;Oto-Manguean languages&quot;},
	[&quot;omr&quot;] = {&quot;Old Marathi&quot;},
	[&quot;omt&quot;] = {&quot;Omotik&quot;},
	[&quot;omu&quot;] = {&quot;Omurano&quot;},
	[&quot;omv&quot;] = {&quot;Omotic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;omw&quot;] = {&quot;South Tairora&quot;},
	[&quot;omx&quot;] = {&quot;Old Mon&quot;},
	[&quot;ona&quot;] = {&quot;Ona&quot;},
	[&quot;onb&quot;] = {&quot;Lingao&quot;},
	[&quot;one&quot;] = {&quot;Oneida&quot;},
	[&quot;ong&quot;] = {&quot;Olo&quot;},
	[&quot;oni&quot;] = {&quot;Onin&quot;},
	[&quot;onj&quot;] = {&quot;Onjob&quot;},
	[&quot;onk&quot;] = {&quot;Kabore One&quot;},
	[&quot;onn&quot;] = {&quot;Onobasulu&quot;},
	[&quot;ono&quot;] = {&quot;Onondaga&quot;},
	[&quot;onp&quot;] = {&quot;Sartang&quot;},
	[&quot;onr&quot;] = {&quot;Northern One&quot;},
	[&quot;ons&quot;] = {&quot;Ono&quot;},
	[&quot;ont&quot;] = {&quot;Ontenu&quot;},
	[&quot;onu&quot;] = {&quot;Unua&quot;},
	[&quot;onw&quot;] = {&quot;Old Nubian&quot;},
	[&quot;onx&quot;] = {&quot;Onin Based Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;ood&quot;] = {&quot;Tohono O'odham&quot;},
	[&quot;oog&quot;] = {&quot;Ong&quot;},
	[&quot;oon&quot;] = {&quot;Önge&quot;},
	[&quot;oor&quot;] = {&quot;Oorlams&quot;},
	[&quot;oos&quot;] = {&quot;Old Ossetic&quot;},
	[&quot;opa&quot;] = {&quot;Okpamheri&quot;},
	[&quot;opk&quot;] = {&quot;Kopkaka&quot;},
	[&quot;opm&quot;] = {&quot;Oksapmin&quot;},
	[&quot;opo&quot;] = {&quot;Opao&quot;},
	[&quot;opt&quot;] = {&quot;Opata&quot;},
	[&quot;opy&quot;] = {&quot;Ofayé&quot;},
	[&quot;ora&quot;] = {&quot;Oroha&quot;},
	[&quot;orc&quot;] = {&quot;Orma&quot;},
	[&quot;ore&quot;] = {&quot;Orejón&quot;},
	[&quot;org&quot;] = {&quot;Oring&quot;},
	[&quot;orh&quot;] = {&quot;Oroqen&quot;},
	[&quot;orn&quot;] = {&quot;Orang Kanaq&quot;},
	[&quot;oro&quot;] = {&quot;Orokolo&quot;},
	[&quot;orr&quot;] = {&quot;Oruma&quot;},
	[&quot;ors&quot;] = {&quot;Orang Seletar&quot;},
	[&quot;ort&quot;] = {&quot;Adivasi Oriya&quot;},
	[&quot;oru&quot;] = {&quot;Ormuri&quot;},
	[&quot;orv&quot;] = {&quot;Old Russian&quot;},
	[&quot;orw&quot;] = {&quot;Oro Win&quot;},
	[&quot;orx&quot;] = {&quot;Oro&quot;},
	[&quot;ory&quot;] = {&quot;Odia (individual language)&quot;, &quot;Oriya (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;orz&quot;] = {&quot;Ormu&quot;},
	[&quot;osa&quot;] = {&quot;Osage&quot;},
	[&quot;osc&quot;] = {&quot;Oscan&quot;},
	[&quot;osi&quot;] = {&quot;Osing&quot;},
	[&quot;oso&quot;] = {&quot;Ososo&quot;},
	[&quot;osp&quot;] = {&quot;Old Spanish&quot;},
	[&quot;ost&quot;] = {&quot;Osatu&quot;},
	[&quot;osu&quot;] = {&quot;Southern One&quot;},
	[&quot;osx&quot;] = {&quot;Old Saxon&quot;},
	[&quot;ota&quot;] = {&quot;Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)&quot;},
	[&quot;otb&quot;] = {&quot;Old Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;otd&quot;] = {&quot;Ot Danum&quot;},
	[&quot;ote&quot;] = {&quot;Mezquital Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;oti&quot;] = {&quot;Oti&quot;},
	[&quot;otk&quot;] = {&quot;Old Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;otl&quot;] = {&quot;Tilapa Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;otm&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Highland Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;otn&quot;] = {&quot;Tenango Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;oto&quot;] = {&quot;Otomian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;otq&quot;] = {&quot;Querétaro Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;otr&quot;] = {&quot;Otoro&quot;},
	[&quot;ots&quot;] = {&quot;Estado de México Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;ott&quot;] = {&quot;Temoaya Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;otu&quot;] = {&quot;Otuke&quot;},
	[&quot;otw&quot;] = {&quot;Ottawa&quot;},
	[&quot;otx&quot;] = {&quot;Texcatepec Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;oty&quot;] = {&quot;Old Tamil&quot;},
	[&quot;otz&quot;] = {&quot;Ixtenco Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;oua&quot;] = {&quot;Tagargrent&quot;},
	[&quot;oub&quot;] = {&quot;Glio-Oubi&quot;},
	[&quot;oue&quot;] = {&quot;Oune&quot;},
	[&quot;oui&quot;] = {&quot;Old Uighur&quot;},
	[&quot;oum&quot;] = {&quot;Ouma&quot;},
	[&quot;ovd&quot;] = {&quot;Elfdalian&quot;, &quot;Övdalian&quot;},
	[&quot;owi&quot;] = {&quot;Owiniga&quot;},
	[&quot;owl&quot;] = {&quot;Old Welsh&quot;},
	[&quot;oyb&quot;] = {&quot;Oy&quot;},
	[&quot;oyd&quot;] = {&quot;Oyda&quot;},
	[&quot;oym&quot;] = {&quot;Wayampi&quot;},
	[&quot;oyy&quot;] = {&quot;Oya'oya&quot;},
	[&quot;ozm&quot;] = {&quot;Koonzime&quot;},
	[&quot;paa&quot;] = {&quot;Papuan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;pab&quot;] = {&quot;Parecís&quot;},
	[&quot;pac&quot;] = {&quot;Pacoh&quot;},
	[&quot;pad&quot;] = {&quot;Paumarí&quot;},
	[&quot;pae&quot;] = {&quot;Pagibete&quot;},
	[&quot;paf&quot;] = {&quot;Paranawát&quot;},
	[&quot;pag&quot;] = {&quot;Pangasinan&quot;},
	[&quot;pah&quot;] = {&quot;Tenharim&quot;},
	[&quot;pai&quot;] = {&quot;Pe&quot;},
	[&quot;pak&quot;] = {&quot;Parakanã&quot;},
	[&quot;pal&quot;] = {&quot;Pahlavi&quot;},
	[&quot;pam&quot;] = {&quot;Pampanga&quot;, &quot;Kapampangan&quot;},
	[&quot;pao&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Paiute&quot;},
	[&quot;pap&quot;] = {&quot;Papiamento&quot;},
	[&quot;paq&quot;] = {&quot;Parya&quot;},
	[&quot;par&quot;] = {&quot;Panamint&quot;, &quot;Timbisha&quot;},
	[&quot;pas&quot;] = {&quot;Papasena&quot;},
	[&quot;pat&quot;] = {&quot;Papitalai&quot;},
	[&quot;pau&quot;] = {&quot;Palauan&quot;},
	[&quot;pav&quot;] = {&quot;Pakaásnovos&quot;},
	[&quot;paw&quot;] = {&quot;Pawnee&quot;},
	[&quot;pax&quot;] = {&quot;Pankararé&quot;},
	[&quot;pay&quot;] = {&quot;Pech&quot;},
	[&quot;paz&quot;] = {&quot;Pankararú&quot;},
	[&quot;pbb&quot;] = {&quot;Páez&quot;},
	[&quot;pbc&quot;] = {&quot;Patamona&quot;},
	[&quot;pbe&quot;] = {&quot;Mezontla Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pbf&quot;] = {&quot;Coyotepec Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pbg&quot;] = {&quot;Paraujano&quot;},
	[&quot;pbh&quot;] = {&quot;E'ñapa Woromaipu&quot;},
	[&quot;pbi&quot;] = {&quot;Parkwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pbl&quot;] = {&quot;Mak (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;pbm&quot;] = {&quot;Puebla Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;pbn&quot;] = {&quot;Kpasam&quot;},
	[&quot;pbo&quot;] = {&quot;Papel&quot;},
	[&quot;pbp&quot;] = {&quot;Badyara&quot;},
	[&quot;pbr&quot;] = {&quot;Pangwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pbs&quot;] = {&quot;Central Pame&quot;},
	[&quot;pbt&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pashto&quot;},
	[&quot;pbu&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pashto&quot;},
	[&quot;pbv&quot;] = {&quot;Pnar&quot;},
	[&quot;pby&quot;] = {&quot;Pyu (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;pca&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pcb&quot;] = {&quot;Pear&quot;},
	[&quot;pcc&quot;] = {&quot;Bouyei&quot;},
	[&quot;pcd&quot;] = {&quot;Picard&quot;},
	[&quot;pce&quot;] = {&quot;Ruching Palaung&quot;},
	[&quot;pcf&quot;] = {&quot;Paliyan&quot;},
	[&quot;pcg&quot;] = {&quot;Paniya&quot;},
	[&quot;pch&quot;] = {&quot;Pardhan&quot;},
	[&quot;pci&quot;] = {&quot;Duruwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pcj&quot;] = {&quot;Parenga&quot;},
	[&quot;pck&quot;] = {&quot;Paite Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;pcl&quot;] = {&quot;Pardhi&quot;},
	[&quot;pcm&quot;] = {&quot;Nigerian Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;pcn&quot;] = {&quot;Piti&quot;},
	[&quot;pcp&quot;] = {&quot;Pacahuara&quot;},
	[&quot;pcw&quot;] = {&quot;Pyapun&quot;},
	[&quot;pda&quot;] = {&quot;Anam&quot;},
	[&quot;pdc&quot;] = {&quot;Pennsylvania German&quot;},
	[&quot;pdi&quot;] = {&quot;Pa Di&quot;},
	[&quot;pdn&quot;] = {&quot;Podena&quot;, &quot;Fedan&quot;},
	[&quot;pdo&quot;] = {&quot;Padoe&quot;},
	[&quot;pdt&quot;] = {&quot;Plautdietsch&quot;},
	[&quot;pdu&quot;] = {&quot;Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;pea&quot;] = {&quot;Peranakan Indonesian&quot;},
	[&quot;peb&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;ped&quot;] = {&quot;Mala (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;pee&quot;] = {&quot;Taje&quot;},
	[&quot;pef&quot;] = {&quot;Northeastern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;peg&quot;] = {&quot;Pengo&quot;},
	[&quot;peh&quot;] = {&quot;Bonan&quot;},
	[&quot;pei&quot;] = {&quot;Chichimeca-Jonaz&quot;},
	[&quot;pej&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pek&quot;] = {&quot;Penchal&quot;},
	[&quot;pel&quot;] = {&quot;Pekal&quot;},
	[&quot;pem&quot;] = {&quot;Phende&quot;},
	[&quot;peo&quot;] = {&quot;Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)&quot;},
	[&quot;pep&quot;] = {&quot;Kunja&quot;},
	[&quot;peq&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pes&quot;] = {&quot;Iranian Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;pev&quot;] = {&quot;Pémono&quot;},
	[&quot;pex&quot;] = {&quot;Petats&quot;},
	[&quot;pey&quot;] = {&quot;Petjo&quot;},
	[&quot;pez&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Penan&quot;},
	[&quot;pfa&quot;] = {&quot;Pááfang&quot;},
	[&quot;pfe&quot;] = {&quot;Peere&quot;},
	[&quot;pfl&quot;] = {&quot;Pfaelzisch&quot;},
	[&quot;pga&quot;] = {&quot;Sudanese Creole Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;pgd&quot;] = {&quot;Gāndhārī&quot;},
	[&quot;pgg&quot;] = {&quot;Pangwali&quot;},
	[&quot;pgi&quot;] = {&quot;Pagi&quot;},
	[&quot;pgk&quot;] = {&quot;Rerep&quot;},
	[&quot;pgl&quot;] = {&quot;Primitive Irish&quot;},
	[&quot;pgn&quot;] = {&quot;Paelignian&quot;},
	[&quot;pgs&quot;] = {&quot;Pangseng&quot;},
	[&quot;pgu&quot;] = {&quot;Pagu&quot;},
	[&quot;pgz&quot;] = {&quot;Papua New Guinean Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;pha&quot;] = {&quot;Pa-Hng&quot;},
	[&quot;phd&quot;] = {&quot;Phudagi&quot;},
	[&quot;phg&quot;] = {&quot;Phuong&quot;},
	[&quot;phh&quot;] = {&quot;Phukha&quot;},
	[&quot;phi&quot;] = {&quot;Philippine languages&quot;},
	[&quot;phk&quot;] = {&quot;Phake&quot;},
	[&quot;phl&quot;] = {&quot;Phalura&quot;, &quot;Palula&quot;},
	[&quot;phm&quot;] = {&quot;Phimbi&quot;},
	[&quot;phn&quot;] = {&quot;Phoenician&quot;},
	[&quot;pho&quot;] = {&quot;Phunoi&quot;},
	[&quot;phq&quot;] = {&quot;Phana'&quot;},
	[&quot;phr&quot;] = {&quot;Pahari-Potwari&quot;},
	[&quot;pht&quot;] = {&quot;Phu Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;phu&quot;] = {&quot;Phuan&quot;},
	[&quot;phv&quot;] = {&quot;Pahlavani&quot;},
	[&quot;phw&quot;] = {&quot;Phangduwali&quot;},
	[&quot;pia&quot;] = {&quot;Pima Bajo&quot;},
	[&quot;pib&quot;] = {&quot;Yine&quot;},
	[&quot;pic&quot;] = {&quot;Pinji&quot;},
	[&quot;pid&quot;] = {&quot;Piaroa&quot;},
	[&quot;pie&quot;] = {&quot;Piro&quot;},
	[&quot;pif&quot;] = {&quot;Pingelapese&quot;},
	[&quot;pig&quot;] = {&quot;Pisabo&quot;},
	[&quot;pih&quot;] = {&quot;Pitcairn-Norfolk&quot;},
	[&quot;pii&quot;] = {&quot;Pini&quot;},
	[&quot;pij&quot;] = {&quot;Pijao&quot;},
	[&quot;pil&quot;] = {&quot;Yom&quot;},
	[&quot;pim&quot;] = {&quot;Powhatan&quot;},
	[&quot;pin&quot;] = {&quot;Piame&quot;},
	[&quot;pio&quot;] = {&quot;Piapoco&quot;},
	[&quot;pip&quot;] = {&quot;Pero&quot;},
	[&quot;pir&quot;] = {&quot;Piratapuyo&quot;},
	[&quot;pis&quot;] = {&quot;Pijin&quot;},
	[&quot;pit&quot;] = {&quot;Pitta Pitta&quot;},
	[&quot;piu&quot;] = {&quot;Pintupi-Luritja&quot;},
	[&quot;piv&quot;] = {&quot;Pileni&quot;, &quot;Vaeakau-Taumako&quot;},
	[&quot;piw&quot;] = {&quot;Pimbwe&quot;},
	[&quot;pix&quot;] = {&quot;Piu&quot;},
	[&quot;piy&quot;] = {&quot;Piya-Kwonci&quot;},
	[&quot;piz&quot;] = {&quot;Pije&quot;},
	[&quot;pjt&quot;] = {&quot;Pitjantjatjara&quot;},
	[&quot;pka&quot;] = {&quot;Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit&quot;},
	[&quot;pkb&quot;] = {&quot;Pokomo&quot;, &quot;Kipfokomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pkc&quot;] = {&quot;Paekche&quot;},
	[&quot;pkg&quot;] = {&quot;Pak-Tong&quot;},
	[&quot;pkh&quot;] = {&quot;Pankhu&quot;},
	[&quot;pkn&quot;] = {&quot;Pakanha&quot;},
	[&quot;pko&quot;] = {&quot;Pökoot&quot;},
	[&quot;pkp&quot;] = {&quot;Pukapuka&quot;},
	[&quot;pkr&quot;] = {&quot;Attapady Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;pks&quot;] = {&quot;Pakistan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;pkt&quot;] = {&quot;Maleng&quot;},
	[&quot;pku&quot;] = {&quot;Paku&quot;},
	[&quot;pla&quot;] = {&quot;Miani&quot;},
	[&quot;plb&quot;] = {&quot;Polonombauk&quot;},
	[&quot;plc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Palawano&quot;},
	[&quot;pld&quot;] = {&quot;Polari&quot;},
	[&quot;ple&quot;] = {&quot;Palu'e&quot;},
	[&quot;plf&quot;] = {&quot;Central Malayo-Polynesian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;plg&quot;] = {&quot;Pilagá&quot;},
	[&quot;plh&quot;] = {&quot;Paulohi&quot;},
	[&quot;plj&quot;] = {&quot;Polci&quot;},
	[&quot;plk&quot;] = {&quot;Kohistani Shina&quot;},
	[&quot;pll&quot;] = {&quot;Shwe Palaung&quot;},
	[&quot;pln&quot;] = {&quot;Palenquero&quot;},
	[&quot;plo&quot;] = {&quot;Oluta Popoluca&quot;},
	[&quot;plp&quot;] = {&quot;Palpa&quot;},
	[&quot;plq&quot;] = {&quot;Palaic&quot;},
	[&quot;plr&quot;] = {&quot;Palaka Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;pls&quot;] = {&quot;San Marcos Tlacoyalco Popoloca&quot;, &quot;San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;plt&quot;] = {&quot;Plateau Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;plu&quot;] = {&quot;Palikúr&quot;},
	[&quot;plv&quot;] = {&quot;Southwest Palawano&quot;},
	[&quot;plw&quot;] = {&quot;Brooke's Point Palawano&quot;},
	[&quot;ply&quot;] = {&quot;Bolyu&quot;},
	[&quot;plz&quot;] = {&quot;Paluan&quot;},
	[&quot;pma&quot;] = {&quot;Paama&quot;},
	[&quot;pmb&quot;] = {&quot;Pambia&quot;},
	[&quot;pmd&quot;] = {&quot;Pallanganmiddang&quot;},
	[&quot;pme&quot;] = {&quot;Pwaamei&quot;},
	[&quot;pmf&quot;] = {&quot;Pamona&quot;},
	[&quot;pmh&quot;] = {&quot;Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit&quot;},
	[&quot;pmi&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pumi&quot;},
	[&quot;pmj&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pumi&quot;},
	[&quot;pmk&quot;] = {&quot;Pamlico&quot;},
	[&quot;pml&quot;] = {&quot;Lingua Franca&quot;},
	[&quot;pmm&quot;] = {&quot;Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pmn&quot;] = {&quot;Pam&quot;},
	[&quot;pmo&quot;] = {&quot;Pom&quot;},
	[&quot;pmq&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pame&quot;},
	[&quot;pmr&quot;] = {&quot;Paynamar&quot;},
	[&quot;pms&quot;] = {&quot;Piemontese&quot;},
	[&quot;pmt&quot;] = {&quot;Tuamotuan&quot;},
	[&quot;pmw&quot;] = {&quot;Plains Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;pmx&quot;] = {&quot;Poumei Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;pmy&quot;] = {&quot;Papuan Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;pmz&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pame&quot;},
	[&quot;pna&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Bah-Biau&quot;},
	[&quot;pnb&quot;] = {&quot;Western Panjabi&quot;},
	[&quot;pnc&quot;] = {&quot;Pannei&quot;},
	[&quot;pne&quot;] = {&quot;Western Penan&quot;},
	[&quot;png&quot;] = {&quot;Pongu&quot;},
	[&quot;pnh&quot;] = {&quot;Penrhyn&quot;},
	[&quot;pni&quot;] = {&quot;Aoheng&quot;},
	[&quot;pnj&quot;] = {&quot;Pinjarup&quot;},
	[&quot;pnk&quot;] = {&quot;Paunaka&quot;},
	[&quot;pnl&quot;] = {&quot;Paleni&quot;},
	[&quot;pnm&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Batu 1&quot;},
	[&quot;pnn&quot;] = {&quot;Pinai-Hagahai&quot;},
	[&quot;pno&quot;] = {&quot;Panobo&quot;},
	[&quot;pnp&quot;] = {&quot;Pancana&quot;},
	[&quot;pnq&quot;] = {&quot;Pana (Burkina Faso)&quot;},
	[&quot;pnr&quot;] = {&quot;Panim&quot;},
	[&quot;pns&quot;] = {&quot;Ponosakan&quot;},
	[&quot;pnt&quot;] = {&quot;Pontic&quot;},
	[&quot;pnu&quot;] = {&quot;Jiongnai Bunu&quot;},
	[&quot;pnv&quot;] = {&quot;Pinigura&quot;},
	[&quot;pnw&quot;] = {&quot;Panytyima&quot;},
	[&quot;pnx&quot;] = {&quot;Phong-Kniang&quot;},
	[&quot;pny&quot;] = {&quot;Pinyin&quot;},
	[&quot;pnz&quot;] = {&quot;Pana (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;poc&quot;] = {&quot;Poqomam&quot;},
	[&quot;poe&quot;] = {&quot;San Juan Atzingo Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pof&quot;] = {&quot;Poke&quot;},
	[&quot;pog&quot;] = {&quot;Potiguára&quot;},
	[&quot;poh&quot;] = {&quot;Poqomchi'&quot;},
	[&quot;poi&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Popoluca&quot;},
	[&quot;pok&quot;] = {&quot;Pokangá&quot;},
	[&quot;pom&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pon&quot;] = {&quot;Pohnpeian&quot;},
	[&quot;poo&quot;] = {&quot;Central Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pop&quot;] = {&quot;Pwapwâ&quot;},
	[&quot;poq&quot;] = {&quot;Texistepec Popoluca&quot;},
	[&quot;pos&quot;] = {&quot;Sayula Popoluca&quot;},
	[&quot;pot&quot;] = {&quot;Potawatomi&quot;},
	[&quot;pov&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Guinea Crioulo&quot;},
	[&quot;pow&quot;] = {&quot;San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pox&quot;] = {&quot;Polabian&quot;},
	[&quot;poy&quot;] = {&quot;Pogolo&quot;},
	[&quot;poz&quot;] = {&quot;Malayo-Polynesian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ppe&quot;] = {&quot;Papi&quot;},
	[&quot;ppi&quot;] = {&quot;Paipai&quot;},
	[&quot;ppk&quot;] = {&quot;Uma&quot;},
	[&quot;ppl&quot;] = {&quot;Pipil&quot;, &quot;Nicarao&quot;},
	[&quot;ppm&quot;] = {&quot;Papuma&quot;},
	[&quot;ppn&quot;] = {&quot;Papapana&quot;},
	[&quot;ppo&quot;] = {&quot;Folopa&quot;},
	[&quot;ppp&quot;] = {&quot;Pelende&quot;},
	[&quot;ppq&quot;] = {&quot;Pei&quot;},
	[&quot;pps&quot;] = {&quot;San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;ppt&quot;] = {&quot;Pare&quot;},
	[&quot;ppu&quot;] = {&quot;Papora&quot;},
	[&quot;pqa&quot;] = {&quot;Pa'a&quot;},
	[&quot;pqe&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;pqm&quot;] = {&quot;Malecite-Passamaquoddy&quot;},
	[&quot;pqw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Malayo-Polynesian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;pra&quot;] = {&quot;Prakrit languages&quot;},
	[&quot;prc&quot;] = {&quot;Parachi&quot;},
	[&quot;prd&quot;] = {&quot;Parsi-Dari&quot;},
	[&quot;pre&quot;] = {&quot;Principense&quot;},
	[&quot;prf&quot;] = {&quot;Paranan&quot;},
	[&quot;prg&quot;] = {&quot;Prussian&quot;},
	[&quot;prh&quot;] = {&quot;Porohanon&quot;},
	[&quot;pri&quot;] = {&quot;Paicî&quot;},
	[&quot;prk&quot;] = {&quot;Parauk&quot;},
	[&quot;prl&quot;] = {&quot;Peruvian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;prm&quot;] = {&quot;Kibiri&quot;},
	[&quot;prn&quot;] = {&quot;Prasuni&quot;},
	[&quot;pro&quot;] = {&quot;Old Provençal (to 1500)&quot;, &quot;Old Occitan (to 1500)&quot;},
	[&quot;prp&quot;] = {&quot;Parsi&quot;},
	[&quot;prq&quot;] = {&quot;Ashéninka Perené&quot;},
	[&quot;prr&quot;] = {&quot;Puri&quot;},
	[&quot;prs&quot;] = {&quot;Dari&quot;, &quot;Afghan Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;prt&quot;] = {&quot;Phai&quot;},
	[&quot;pru&quot;] = {&quot;Puragi&quot;},
	[&quot;prw&quot;] = {&quot;Parawen&quot;},
	[&quot;prx&quot;] = {&quot;Purik&quot;},
	[&quot;prz&quot;] = {&quot;Providencia Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psa&quot;] = {&quot;Asue Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;psc&quot;] = {&quot;Persian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psd&quot;] = {&quot;Plains Indian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;pse&quot;] = {&quot;Central Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;psg&quot;] = {&quot;Penang Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psh&quot;] = {&quot;Southwest Pashai&quot;, &quot;Southwest Pashayi&quot;},
	[&quot;psi&quot;] = {&quot;Southeast Pashai&quot;, &quot;Southeast Pashayi&quot;},
	[&quot;psl&quot;] = {&quot;Puerto Rican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psm&quot;] = {&quot;Pauserna&quot;},
	[&quot;psn&quot;] = {&quot;Panasuan&quot;},
	[&quot;pso&quot;] = {&quot;Polish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psp&quot;] = {&quot;Philippine Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psq&quot;] = {&quot;Pasi&quot;},
	[&quot;psr&quot;] = {&quot;Portuguese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;pss&quot;] = {&quot;Kaulong&quot;},
	[&quot;pst&quot;] = {&quot;Central Pashto&quot;},
	[&quot;psu&quot;] = {&quot;Sauraseni Prākrit&quot;},
	[&quot;psw&quot;] = {&quot;Port Sandwich&quot;},
	[&quot;psy&quot;] = {&quot;Piscataway&quot;},
	[&quot;pta&quot;] = {&quot;Pai Tavytera&quot;},
	[&quot;pth&quot;] = {&quot;Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe&quot;},
	[&quot;pti&quot;] = {&quot;Pintiini&quot;},
	[&quot;ptn&quot;] = {&quot;Patani&quot;},
	[&quot;pto&quot;] = {&quot;Zo'é&quot;},
	[&quot;ptp&quot;] = {&quot;Patep&quot;},
	[&quot;ptq&quot;] = {&quot;Pattapu&quot;},
	[&quot;ptr&quot;] = {&quot;Piamatsina&quot;},
	[&quot;ptt&quot;] = {&quot;Enrekang&quot;},
	[&quot;ptu&quot;] = {&quot;Bambam&quot;},
	[&quot;ptv&quot;] = {&quot;Port Vato&quot;},
	[&quot;ptw&quot;] = {&quot;Pentlatch&quot;},
	[&quot;pty&quot;] = {&quot;Pathiya&quot;},
	[&quot;pua&quot;] = {&quot;Western Highland Purepecha&quot;},
	[&quot;pub&quot;] = {&quot;Purum&quot;},
	[&quot;puc&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Merap&quot;},
	[&quot;pud&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Aput&quot;},
	[&quot;pue&quot;] = {&quot;Puelche&quot;},
	[&quot;puf&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Merah&quot;},
	[&quot;pug&quot;] = {&quot;Phuie&quot;},
	[&quot;pui&quot;] = {&quot;Puinave&quot;},
	[&quot;puj&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Tubu&quot;},
	[&quot;pum&quot;] = {&quot;Puma&quot;},
	[&quot;puo&quot;] = {&quot;Puoc&quot;},
	[&quot;pup&quot;] = {&quot;Pulabu&quot;},
	[&quot;puq&quot;] = {&quot;Puquina&quot;},
	[&quot;pur&quot;] = {&quot;Puruborá&quot;},
	[&quot;put&quot;] = {&quot;Putoh&quot;},
	[&quot;puu&quot;] = {&quot;Punu&quot;},
	[&quot;puw&quot;] = {&quot;Puluwatese&quot;},
	[&quot;pux&quot;] = {&quot;Puare&quot;},
	[&quot;puy&quot;] = {&quot;Purisimeño&quot;},
	[&quot;pwa&quot;] = {&quot;Pawaia&quot;},
	[&quot;pwb&quot;] = {&quot;Panawa&quot;},
	[&quot;pwg&quot;] = {&quot;Gapapaiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pwi&quot;] = {&quot;Patwin&quot;},
	[&quot;pwm&quot;] = {&quot;Molbog&quot;},
	[&quot;pwn&quot;] = {&quot;Paiwan&quot;},
	[&quot;pwo&quot;] = {&quot;Pwo Western Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;pwr&quot;] = {&quot;Powari&quot;},
	[&quot;pww&quot;] = {&quot;Pwo Northern Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;pxm&quot;] = {&quot;Quetzaltepec Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;pye&quot;] = {&quot;Pye Krumen&quot;},
	[&quot;pym&quot;] = {&quot;Fyam&quot;},
	[&quot;pyn&quot;] = {&quot;Poyanáwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pys&quot;] = {&quot;Paraguayan Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Lengua de Señas del Paraguay&quot;},
	[&quot;pyu&quot;] = {&quot;Puyuma&quot;},
	[&quot;pyx&quot;] = {&quot;Pyu (Myanmar)&quot;},
	[&quot;pyy&quot;] = {&quot;Pyen&quot;},
	[&quot;pzn&quot;] = {&quot;Para Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;qua&quot;] = {&quot;Quapaw&quot;},
	[&quot;qub&quot;] = {&quot;Huallaga Huánuco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;quc&quot;] = {&quot;K'iche'&quot;, &quot;Quiché&quot;},
	[&quot;qud&quot;] = {&quot;Calderón Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;quf&quot;] = {&quot;Lambayeque Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qug&quot;] = {&quot;Chimborazo Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;quh&quot;] = {&quot;South Bolivian Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qui&quot;] = {&quot;Quileute&quot;},
	[&quot;quk&quot;] = {&quot;Chachapoyas Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qul&quot;] = {&quot;North Bolivian Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qum&quot;] = {&quot;Sipacapense&quot;},
	[&quot;qun&quot;] = {&quot;Quinault&quot;},
	[&quot;qup&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pastaza Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;quq&quot;] = {&quot;Quinqui&quot;},
	[&quot;qur&quot;] = {&quot;Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qus&quot;] = {&quot;Santiago del Estero Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;quv&quot;] = {&quot;Sacapulteco&quot;},
	[&quot;quw&quot;] = {&quot;Tena Lowland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qux&quot;] = {&quot;Yauyos Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;quy&quot;] = {&quot;Ayacucho Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;quz&quot;] = {&quot;Cusco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qva&quot;] = {&quot;Ambo-Pasco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvc&quot;] = {&quot;Cajamarca Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qve&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Apurímac Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvh&quot;] = {&quot;Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvi&quot;] = {&quot;Imbabura Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvj&quot;] = {&quot;Loja Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvl&quot;] = {&quot;Cajatambo North Lima Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvm&quot;] = {&quot;Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvn&quot;] = {&quot;North Junín Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvo&quot;] = {&quot;Napo Lowland Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvp&quot;] = {&quot;Pacaraos Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvs&quot;] = {&quot;San Martín Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvw&quot;] = {&quot;Huaylla Wanca Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvy&quot;] = {&quot;Queyu&quot;},
	[&quot;qvz&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pastaza Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwa&quot;] = {&quot;Corongo Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwc&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwe&quot;] = {&quot;Quechuan (family)&quot;},
	[&quot;qwh&quot;] = {&quot;Huaylas Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwm&quot;] = {&quot;Kuman (Russia)&quot;},
	[&quot;qws&quot;] = {&quot;Sihuas Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwt&quot;] = {&quot;Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai&quot;},
	[&quot;qxa&quot;] = {&quot;Chiquián Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxc&quot;] = {&quot;Chincha Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxh&quot;] = {&quot;Panao Huánuco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxl&quot;] = {&quot;Salasaca Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxo&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxp&quot;] = {&quot;Puno Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxq&quot;] = {&quot;Qashqa'i&quot;},
	[&quot;qxr&quot;] = {&quot;Cañar Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Qiang&quot;},
	[&quot;qxt&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxu&quot;] = {&quot;Arequipa-La Unión Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxw&quot;] = {&quot;Jauja Wanca Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qya&quot;] = {&quot;Quenya&quot;},
	[&quot;qyp&quot;] = {&quot;Quiripi&quot;},
	[&quot;raa&quot;] = {&quot;Dungmali&quot;},
	[&quot;rab&quot;] = {&quot;Camling&quot;},
	[&quot;rac&quot;] = {&quot;Rasawa&quot;},
	[&quot;rad&quot;] = {&quot;Rade&quot;},
	[&quot;raf&quot;] = {&quot;Western Meohang&quot;},
	[&quot;rag&quot;] = {&quot;Logooli&quot;, &quot;Lulogooli&quot;},
	[&quot;rah&quot;] = {&quot;Rabha&quot;},
	[&quot;rai&quot;] = {&quot;Ramoaaina&quot;},
	[&quot;raj&quot;] = {&quot;Rajasthani&quot;},
	[&quot;rak&quot;] = {&quot;Tulu-Bohuai&quot;},
	[&quot;ral&quot;] = {&quot;Ralte&quot;},
	[&quot;ram&quot;] = {&quot;Canela&quot;},
	[&quot;ran&quot;] = {&quot;Riantana&quot;},
	[&quot;rao&quot;] = {&quot;Rao&quot;},
	[&quot;rap&quot;] = {&quot;Rapanui&quot;},
	[&quot;raq&quot;] = {&quot;Saam&quot;},
	[&quot;rar&quot;] = {&quot;Rarotongan&quot;, &quot;Cook Islands Maori&quot;},
	[&quot;ras&quot;] = {&quot;Tegali&quot;},
	[&quot;rat&quot;] = {&quot;Razajerdi&quot;},
	[&quot;rau&quot;] = {&quot;Raute&quot;},
	[&quot;rav&quot;] = {&quot;Sampang&quot;},
	[&quot;raw&quot;] = {&quot;Rawang&quot;},
	[&quot;rax&quot;] = {&quot;Rang&quot;},
	[&quot;ray&quot;] = {&quot;Rapa&quot;},
	[&quot;raz&quot;] = {&quot;Rahambuu&quot;},
	[&quot;rbb&quot;] = {&quot;Rumai Palaung&quot;},
	[&quot;rbk&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;rbl&quot;] = {&quot;Miraya Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;rbp&quot;] = {&quot;Barababaraba&quot;},
	[&quot;rcf&quot;] = {&quot;Réunion Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;rdb&quot;] = {&quot;Rudbari&quot;},
	[&quot;rea&quot;] = {&quot;Rerau&quot;},
	[&quot;reb&quot;] = {&quot;Rembong&quot;},
	[&quot;ree&quot;] = {&quot;Rejang Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;reg&quot;] = {&quot;Kara (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;rei&quot;] = {&quot;Reli&quot;},
	[&quot;rej&quot;] = {&quot;Rejang&quot;},
	[&quot;rel&quot;] = {&quot;Rendille&quot;},
	[&quot;rem&quot;] = {&quot;Remo&quot;},
	[&quot;ren&quot;] = {&quot;Rengao&quot;},
	[&quot;rer&quot;] = {&quot;Rer Bare&quot;},
	[&quot;res&quot;] = {&quot;Reshe&quot;},
	[&quot;ret&quot;] = {&quot;Retta&quot;},
	[&quot;rey&quot;] = {&quot;Reyesano&quot;},
	[&quot;rga&quot;] = {&quot;Roria&quot;},
	[&quot;rge&quot;] = {&quot;Romano-Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;rgk&quot;] = {&quot;Rangkas&quot;},
	[&quot;rgn&quot;] = {&quot;Romagnol&quot;},
	[&quot;rgr&quot;] = {&quot;Resígaro&quot;},
	[&quot;rgs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Roglai&quot;},
	[&quot;rgu&quot;] = {&quot;Ringgou&quot;},
	[&quot;rhg&quot;] = {&quot;Rohingya&quot;},
	[&quot;rhp&quot;] = {&quot;Yahang&quot;},
	[&quot;ria&quot;] = {&quot;Riang (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;rif&quot;] = {&quot;Tarifit&quot;},
	[&quot;ril&quot;] = {&quot;Riang (Myanmar)&quot;},
	[&quot;rim&quot;] = {&quot;Nyaturu&quot;},
	[&quot;rin&quot;] = {&quot;Nungu&quot;},
	[&quot;rir&quot;] = {&quot;Ribun&quot;},
	[&quot;rit&quot;] = {&quot;Ritarungo&quot;},
	[&quot;riu&quot;] = {&quot;Riung&quot;},
	[&quot;rjg&quot;] = {&quot;Rajong&quot;},
	[&quot;rji&quot;] = {&quot;Raji&quot;},
	[&quot;rjs&quot;] = {&quot;Rajbanshi&quot;},
	[&quot;rka&quot;] = {&quot;Kraol&quot;},
	[&quot;rkb&quot;] = {&quot;Rikbaktsa&quot;},
	[&quot;rkh&quot;] = {&quot;Rakahanga-Manihiki&quot;},
	[&quot;rki&quot;] = {&quot;Rakhine&quot;},
	[&quot;rkm&quot;] = {&quot;Marka&quot;},
	[&quot;rkt&quot;] = {&quot;Rangpuri&quot;, &quot;Kamta&quot;},
	[&quot;rkw&quot;] = {&quot;Arakwal&quot;},
	[&quot;rma&quot;] = {&quot;Rama&quot;},
	[&quot;rmb&quot;] = {&quot;Rembarunga&quot;},
	[&quot;rmc&quot;] = {&quot;Carpathian Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmd&quot;] = {&quot;Traveller Danish&quot;},
	[&quot;rme&quot;] = {&quot;Angloromani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmf&quot;] = {&quot;Kalo Finnish Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmg&quot;] = {&quot;Traveller Norwegian&quot;},
	[&quot;rmh&quot;] = {&quot;Murkim&quot;},
	[&quot;rmi&quot;] = {&quot;Lomavren&quot;},
	[&quot;rmk&quot;] = {&quot;Romkun&quot;},
	[&quot;rml&quot;] = {&quot;Baltic Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmm&quot;] = {&quot;Roma&quot;},
	[&quot;rmn&quot;] = {&quot;Balkan Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmo&quot;] = {&quot;Sinte Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmp&quot;] = {&quot;Rempi&quot;},
	[&quot;rmq&quot;] = {&quot;Caló&quot;},
	[&quot;rms&quot;] = {&quot;Romanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;rmt&quot;] = {&quot;Domari&quot;},
	[&quot;rmu&quot;] = {&quot;Tavringer Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmv&quot;] = {&quot;Romanova&quot;},
	[&quot;rmw&quot;] = {&quot;Welsh Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmx&quot;] = {&quot;Romam&quot;},
	[&quot;rmy&quot;] = {&quot;Vlax Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmz&quot;] = {&quot;Marma&quot;},
	[&quot;rnd&quot;] = {&quot;Ruund&quot;},
	[&quot;rng&quot;] = {&quot;Ronga&quot;},
	[&quot;rnl&quot;] = {&quot;Ranglong&quot;},
	[&quot;rnn&quot;] = {&quot;Roon&quot;},
	[&quot;rnp&quot;] = {&quot;Rongpo&quot;},
	[&quot;rnr&quot;] = {&quot;Nari Nari&quot;},
	[&quot;rnw&quot;] = {&quot;Rungwa&quot;},
	[&quot;roa&quot;] = {&quot;Romance languages&quot;},
	[&quot;rob&quot;] = {&quot;Tae'&quot;},
	[&quot;roc&quot;] = {&quot;Cacgia Roglai&quot;},
	[&quot;rod&quot;] = {&quot;Rogo&quot;},
	[&quot;roe&quot;] = {&quot;Ronji&quot;},
	[&quot;rof&quot;] = {&quot;Rombo&quot;},
	[&quot;rog&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Roglai&quot;},
	[&quot;rol&quot;] = {&quot;Romblomanon&quot;},
	[&quot;rom&quot;] = {&quot;Romany&quot;},
	[&quot;roo&quot;] = {&quot;Rotokas&quot;},
	[&quot;rop&quot;] = {&quot;Kriol&quot;},
	[&quot;ror&quot;] = {&quot;Rongga&quot;},
	[&quot;rou&quot;] = {&quot;Runga&quot;},
	[&quot;row&quot;] = {&quot;Dela-Oenale&quot;},
	[&quot;rpn&quot;] = {&quot;Repanbitip&quot;},
	[&quot;rpt&quot;] = {&quot;Rapting&quot;},
	[&quot;rri&quot;] = {&quot;Ririo&quot;},
	[&quot;rro&quot;] = {&quot;Waima&quot;},
	[&quot;rrt&quot;] = {&quot;Arritinngithigh&quot;},
	[&quot;rsb&quot;] = {&quot;Romano-Serbian&quot;},
	[&quot;rsl&quot;] = {&quot;Russian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;rsm&quot;] = {&quot;Miriwoong Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;rtc&quot;] = {&quot;Rungtu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;rth&quot;] = {&quot;Ratahan&quot;},
	[&quot;rtm&quot;] = {&quot;Rotuman&quot;},
	[&quot;rts&quot;] = {&quot;Yurats&quot;},
	[&quot;rtw&quot;] = {&quot;Rathawi&quot;},
	[&quot;rub&quot;] = {&quot;Gungu&quot;},
	[&quot;ruc&quot;] = {&quot;Ruuli&quot;},
	[&quot;rue&quot;] = {&quot;Rusyn&quot;},
	[&quot;ruf&quot;] = {&quot;Luguru&quot;},
	[&quot;rug&quot;] = {&quot;Roviana&quot;},
	[&quot;ruh&quot;] = {&quot;Ruga&quot;},
	[&quot;rui&quot;] = {&quot;Rufiji&quot;},
	[&quot;ruk&quot;] = {&quot;Che&quot;},
	[&quot;ruo&quot;] = {&quot;Istro Romanian&quot;},
	[&quot;rup&quot;] = {&quot;Macedo-Romanian&quot;, &quot;Aromanian&quot;, &quot;Arumanian&quot;},
	[&quot;ruq&quot;] = {&quot;Megleno Romanian&quot;},
	[&quot;rut&quot;] = {&quot;Rutul&quot;},
	[&quot;ruu&quot;] = {&quot;Lanas Lobu&quot;},
	[&quot;ruy&quot;] = {&quot;Mala (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;ruz&quot;] = {&quot;Ruma&quot;},
	[&quot;rwa&quot;] = {&quot;Rawo&quot;},
	[&quot;rwk&quot;] = {&quot;Rwa&quot;},
	[&quot;rwm&quot;] = {&quot;Amba (Uganda)&quot;},
	[&quot;rwo&quot;] = {&quot;Rawa&quot;},
	[&quot;rwr&quot;] = {&quot;Marwari (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;rxd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngardi&quot;},
	[&quot;rxw&quot;] = {&quot;Karuwali&quot;},
	[&quot;ryn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Amami-Oshima&quot;},
	[&quot;rys&quot;] = {&quot;Yaeyama&quot;},
	[&quot;ryu&quot;] = {&quot;Central Okinawan&quot;},
	[&quot;rzh&quot;] = {&quot;Rāziḥī&quot;},
	[&quot;saa&quot;] = {&quot;Saba&quot;},
	[&quot;sab&quot;] = {&quot;Buglere&quot;},
	[&quot;sac&quot;] = {&quot;Meskwaki&quot;},
	[&quot;sad&quot;] = {&quot;Sandawe&quot;},
	[&quot;sae&quot;] = {&quot;Sabanê&quot;},
	[&quot;saf&quot;] = {&quot;Safaliba&quot;},
	[&quot;sah&quot;] = {&quot;Yakut&quot;},
	[&quot;sai&quot;] = {&quot;South American Indian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;saj&quot;] = {&quot;Sahu&quot;},
	[&quot;sak&quot;] = {&quot;Sake&quot;},
	[&quot;sal&quot;] = {&quot;Salishan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;sam&quot;] = {&quot;Samaritan Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;sao&quot;] = {&quot;Sause&quot;},
	[&quot;saq&quot;] = {&quot;Samburu&quot;},
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = {&quot;Saraveca&quot;},
	[&quot;sas&quot;] = {&quot;Sasak&quot;},
	[&quot;sat&quot;] = {&quot;Santali&quot;},
	[&quot;sau&quot;] = {&quot;Saleman&quot;},
	[&quot;sav&quot;] = {&quot;Saafi-Saafi&quot;},
	[&quot;saw&quot;] = {&quot;Sawi&quot;},
	[&quot;sax&quot;] = {&quot;Sa&quot;},
	[&quot;say&quot;] = {&quot;Saya&quot;},
	[&quot;saz&quot;] = {&quot;Saurashtra&quot;},
	[&quot;sba&quot;] = {&quot;Ngambay&quot;},
	[&quot;sbb&quot;] = {&quot;Simbo&quot;},
	[&quot;sbc&quot;] = {&quot;Kele (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;sbd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Samo&quot;},
	[&quot;sbe&quot;] = {&quot;Saliba&quot;},
	[&quot;sbf&quot;] = {&quot;Chabu&quot;, &quot;Shabo&quot;},
	[&quot;sbg&quot;] = {&quot;Seget&quot;},
	[&quot;sbh&quot;] = {&quot;Sori-Harengan&quot;},
	[&quot;sbi&quot;] = {&quot;Seti&quot;},
	[&quot;sbj&quot;] = {&quot;Surbakhal&quot;},
	[&quot;sbk&quot;] = {&quot;Safwa&quot;},
	[&quot;sbl&quot;] = {&quot;Botolan Sambal&quot;},
	[&quot;sbm&quot;] = {&quot;Sagala&quot;},
	[&quot;sbn&quot;] = {&quot;Sindhi Bhil&quot;},
	[&quot;sbo&quot;] = {&quot;Sabüm&quot;},
	[&quot;sbp&quot;] = {&quot;Sangu (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;sbq&quot;] = {&quot;Sileibi&quot;},
	[&quot;sbr&quot;] = {&quot;Sembakung Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;sbs&quot;] = {&quot;Subiya&quot;},
	[&quot;sbt&quot;] = {&quot;Kimki&quot;},
	[&quot;sbu&quot;] = {&quot;Stod Bhoti&quot;},
	[&quot;sbv&quot;] = {&quot;Sabine&quot;},
	[&quot;sbw&quot;] = {&quot;Simba&quot;},
	[&quot;sbx&quot;] = {&quot;Seberuang&quot;},
	[&quot;sby&quot;] = {&quot;Soli&quot;},
	[&quot;sbz&quot;] = {&quot;Sara Kaba&quot;},
	[&quot;scb&quot;] = {&quot;Chut&quot;},
	[&quot;sce&quot;] = {&quot;Dongxiang&quot;},
	[&quot;scf&quot;] = {&quot;San Miguel Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;scg&quot;] = {&quot;Sanggau&quot;},
	[&quot;sch&quot;] = {&quot;Sakachep&quot;},
	[&quot;sci&quot;] = {&quot;Sri Lankan Creole Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;sck&quot;] = {&quot;Sadri&quot;},
	[&quot;scl&quot;] = {&quot;Shina&quot;},
	[&quot;scn&quot;] = {&quot;Sicilian&quot;},
	[&quot;sco&quot;] = {&quot;Scots&quot;},
	[&quot;scp&quot;] = {&quot;Hyolmo&quot;, &quot;Helambu Sherpa&quot;},
	[&quot;scq&quot;] = {&quot;Sa'och&quot;},
	[&quot;scs&quot;] = {&quot;North Slavey&quot;},
	[&quot;sct&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Katang&quot;},
	[&quot;scu&quot;] = {&quot;Shumcho&quot;},
	[&quot;scv&quot;] = {&quot;Sheni&quot;},
	[&quot;scw&quot;] = {&quot;Sha&quot;},
	[&quot;scx&quot;] = {&quot;Sicel&quot;},
	[&quot;sda&quot;] = {&quot;Toraja-Sa'dan&quot;},
	[&quot;sdb&quot;] = {&quot;Shabak&quot;},
	[&quot;sdc&quot;] = {&quot;Sassarese Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;sde&quot;] = {&quot;Surubu&quot;},
	[&quot;sdf&quot;] = {&quot;Sarli&quot;},
	[&quot;sdg&quot;] = {&quot;Savi&quot;},
	[&quot;sdh&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kurdish&quot;},
	[&quot;sdj&quot;] = {&quot;Suundi&quot;},
	[&quot;sdk&quot;] = {&quot;Sos Kundi&quot;},
	[&quot;sdl&quot;] = {&quot;Saudi Arabian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sdm&quot;] = {&quot;Semandang&quot;},
	[&quot;sdn&quot;] = {&quot;Gallurese Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;sdo&quot;] = {&quot;Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh&quot;},
	[&quot;sdp&quot;] = {&quot;Sherdukpen&quot;},
	[&quot;sdr&quot;] = {&quot;Oraon Sadri&quot;},
	[&quot;sds&quot;] = {&quot;Sened&quot;},
	[&quot;sdt&quot;] = {&quot;Shuadit&quot;},
	[&quot;sdu&quot;] = {&quot;Sarudu&quot;},
	[&quot;sdv&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Sudanic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;sdx&quot;] = {&quot;Sibu Melanau&quot;},
	[&quot;sdz&quot;] = {&quot;Sallands&quot;},
	[&quot;sea&quot;] = {&quot;Semai&quot;},
	[&quot;seb&quot;] = {&quot;Shempire Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;sec&quot;] = {&quot;Sechelt&quot;},
	[&quot;sed&quot;] = {&quot;Sedang&quot;},
	[&quot;see&quot;] = {&quot;Seneca&quot;},
	[&quot;sef&quot;] = {&quot;Cebaara Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;seg&quot;] = {&quot;Segeju&quot;},
	[&quot;seh&quot;] = {&quot;Sena&quot;},
	[&quot;sei&quot;] = {&quot;Seri&quot;},
	[&quot;sej&quot;] = {&quot;Sene&quot;},
	[&quot;sek&quot;] = {&quot;Sekani&quot;},
	[&quot;sel&quot;] = {&quot;Selkup&quot;},
	[&quot;sem&quot;] = {&quot;Semitic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;sen&quot;] = {&quot;Nanerigé Sénoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;seo&quot;] = {&quot;Suarmin&quot;},
	[&quot;sep&quot;] = {&quot;Sìcìté Sénoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;seq&quot;] = {&quot;Senara Sénoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;ser&quot;] = {&quot;Serrano&quot;},
	[&quot;ses&quot;] = {&quot;Koyraboro Senni Songhai&quot;},
	[&quot;set&quot;] = {&quot;Sentani&quot;},
	[&quot;seu&quot;] = {&quot;Serui-Laut&quot;},
	[&quot;sev&quot;] = {&quot;Nyarafolo Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;sew&quot;] = {&quot;Sewa Bay&quot;},
	[&quot;sey&quot;] = {&quot;Secoya&quot;},
	[&quot;sez&quot;] = {&quot;Senthang Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;sfb&quot;] = {&quot;Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone&quot;, &quot;French Belgian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sfe&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Subanen&quot;},
	[&quot;sfm&quot;] = {&quot;Small Flowery Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;sfs&quot;] = {&quot;South African Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sfw&quot;] = {&quot;Sehwi&quot;},
	[&quot;sga&quot;] = {&quot;Old Irish (to 900)&quot;},
	[&quot;sgb&quot;] = {&quot;Mag-antsi Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;sgc&quot;] = {&quot;Kipsigis&quot;},
	[&quot;sgd&quot;] = {&quot;Surigaonon&quot;},
	[&quot;sge&quot;] = {&quot;Segai&quot;},
	[&quot;sgg&quot;] = {&quot;Swiss-German Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sgh&quot;] = {&quot;Shughni&quot;},
	[&quot;sgi&quot;] = {&quot;Suga&quot;},
	[&quot;sgj&quot;] = {&quot;Surgujia&quot;},
	[&quot;sgk&quot;] = {&quot;Sangkong&quot;},
	[&quot;sgm&quot;] = {&quot;Singa&quot;},
	[&quot;sgn&quot;] = {&quot;Sign languages&quot;},
	[&quot;sgp&quot;] = {&quot;Singpho&quot;},
	[&quot;sgr&quot;] = {&quot;Sangisari&quot;},
	[&quot;sgs&quot;] = {&quot;Samogitian&quot;},
	[&quot;sgt&quot;] = {&quot;Brokpake&quot;},
	[&quot;sgu&quot;] = {&quot;Salas&quot;},
	[&quot;sgw&quot;] = {&quot;Sebat Bet Gurage&quot;},
	[&quot;sgx&quot;] = {&quot;Sierra Leone Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sgy&quot;] = {&quot;Sanglechi&quot;},
	[&quot;sgz&quot;] = {&quot;Sursurunga&quot;},
	[&quot;sha&quot;] = {&quot;Shall-Zwall&quot;},
	[&quot;shb&quot;] = {&quot;Ninam&quot;},
	[&quot;shc&quot;] = {&quot;Sonde&quot;},
	[&quot;shd&quot;] = {&quot;Kundal Shahi&quot;},
	[&quot;she&quot;] = {&quot;Sheko&quot;},
	[&quot;shg&quot;] = {&quot;Shua&quot;},
	[&quot;shh&quot;] = {&quot;Shoshoni&quot;},
	[&quot;shi&quot;] = {&quot;Tachelhit&quot;},
	[&quot;shj&quot;] = {&quot;Shatt&quot;},
	[&quot;shk&quot;] = {&quot;Shilluk&quot;},
	[&quot;shl&quot;] = {&quot;Shendu&quot;},
	[&quot;shm&quot;] = {&quot;Shahrudi&quot;},
	[&quot;shn&quot;] = {&quot;Shan&quot;},
	[&quot;sho&quot;] = {&quot;Shanga&quot;},
	[&quot;shp&quot;] = {&quot;Shipibo-Conibo&quot;},
	[&quot;shq&quot;] = {&quot;Sala&quot;},
	[&quot;shr&quot;] = {&quot;Shi&quot;},
	[&quot;shs&quot;] = {&quot;Shuswap&quot;},
	[&quot;sht&quot;] = {&quot;Shasta&quot;},
	[&quot;shu&quot;] = {&quot;Chadian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;shv&quot;] = {&quot;Shehri&quot;},
	[&quot;shw&quot;] = {&quot;Shwai&quot;},
	[&quot;shx&quot;] = {&quot;She&quot;},
	[&quot;shy&quot;] = {&quot;Tachawit&quot;},
	[&quot;shz&quot;] = {&quot;Syenara Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;sia&quot;] = {&quot;Akkala Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sib&quot;] = {&quot;Sebop&quot;},
	[&quot;sid&quot;] = {&quot;Sidamo&quot;},
	[&quot;sie&quot;] = {&quot;Simaa&quot;},
	[&quot;sif&quot;] = {&quot;Siamou&quot;},
	[&quot;sig&quot;] = {&quot;Paasaal&quot;},
	[&quot;sih&quot;] = {&quot;Zire&quot;, &quot;Sîshëë&quot;},
	[&quot;sii&quot;] = {&quot;Shom Peng&quot;},
	[&quot;sij&quot;] = {&quot;Numbami&quot;},
	[&quot;sik&quot;] = {&quot;Sikiana&quot;},
	[&quot;sil&quot;] = {&quot;Tumulung Sisaala&quot;},
	[&quot;sim&quot;] = {&quot;Mende (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;sio&quot;] = {&quot;Siouan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;sip&quot;] = {&quot;Sikkimese&quot;},
	[&quot;siq&quot;] = {&quot;Sonia&quot;},
	[&quot;sir&quot;] = {&quot;Siri&quot;},
	[&quot;sis&quot;] = {&quot;Siuslaw&quot;},
	[&quot;sit&quot;] = {&quot;Sino-Tibetan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;siu&quot;] = {&quot;Sinagen&quot;},
	[&quot;siv&quot;] = {&quot;Sumariup&quot;},
	[&quot;siw&quot;] = {&quot;Siwai&quot;},
	[&quot;six&quot;] = {&quot;Sumau&quot;},
	[&quot;siy&quot;] = {&quot;Sivandi&quot;},
	[&quot;siz&quot;] = {&quot;Siwi&quot;},
	[&quot;sja&quot;] = {&quot;Epena&quot;},
	[&quot;sjb&quot;] = {&quot;Sajau Basap&quot;},
	[&quot;sjd&quot;] = {&quot;Kildin Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sje&quot;] = {&quot;Pite Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sjg&quot;] = {&quot;Assangori&quot;},
	[&quot;sjk&quot;] = {&quot;Kemi Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sjl&quot;] = {&quot;Sajalong&quot;, &quot;Miji&quot;},
	[&quot;sjm&quot;] = {&quot;Mapun&quot;},
	[&quot;sjn&quot;] = {&quot;Sindarin&quot;},
	[&quot;sjo&quot;] = {&quot;Xibe&quot;},
	[&quot;sjp&quot;] = {&quot;Surjapuri&quot;},
	[&quot;sjr&quot;] = {&quot;Siar-Lak&quot;},
	[&quot;sjs&quot;] = {&quot;Senhaja De Srair&quot;},
	[&quot;sjt&quot;] = {&quot;Ter Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sju&quot;] = {&quot;Ume Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sjw&quot;] = {&quot;Shawnee&quot;},
	[&quot;ska&quot;] = {&quot;Skagit&quot;},
	[&quot;skb&quot;] = {&quot;Saek&quot;},
	[&quot;skc&quot;] = {&quot;Ma Manda&quot;},
	[&quot;skd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sierra Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;ske&quot;] = {&quot;Seke (Vanuatu)&quot;},
	[&quot;skf&quot;] = {&quot;Sakirabiá&quot;},
	[&quot;skg&quot;] = {&quot;Sakalava Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;skh&quot;] = {&quot;Sikule&quot;},
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = {&quot;Sika&quot;},
	[&quot;skj&quot;] = {&quot;Seke (Nepal)&quot;},
	[&quot;skm&quot;] = {&quot;Kutong&quot;},
	[&quot;skn&quot;] = {&quot;Kolibugan Subanon&quot;},
	[&quot;sko&quot;] = {&quot;Seko Tengah&quot;},
	[&quot;skp&quot;] = {&quot;Sekapan&quot;},
	[&quot;skq&quot;] = {&quot;Sininkere&quot;},
	[&quot;skr&quot;] = {&quot;Saraiki&quot;, &quot;Seraiki&quot;},
	[&quot;sks&quot;] = {&quot;Maia&quot;},
	[&quot;skt&quot;] = {&quot;Sakata&quot;},
	[&quot;sku&quot;] = {&quot;Sakao&quot;},
	[&quot;skv&quot;] = {&quot;Skou&quot;},
	[&quot;skw&quot;] = {&quot;Skepi Creole Dutch&quot;},
	[&quot;skx&quot;] = {&quot;Seko Padang&quot;},
	[&quot;sky&quot;] = {&quot;Sikaiana&quot;},
	[&quot;skz&quot;] = {&quot;Sekar&quot;},
	[&quot;sla&quot;] = {&quot;Slavic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;slc&quot;] = {&quot;Sáliba&quot;},
	[&quot;sld&quot;] = {&quot;Sissala&quot;},
	[&quot;sle&quot;] = {&quot;Sholaga&quot;},
	[&quot;slf&quot;] = {&quot;Swiss-Italian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;slg&quot;] = {&quot;Selungai Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;slh&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Puget Sound Salish&quot;},
	[&quot;sli&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Silesian&quot;},
	[&quot;slj&quot;] = {&quot;Salumá&quot;},
	[&quot;sll&quot;] = {&quot;Salt-Yui&quot;},
	[&quot;slm&quot;] = {&quot;Pangutaran Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;sln&quot;] = {&quot;Salinan&quot;},
	[&quot;slp&quot;] = {&quot;Lamaholot&quot;},
	[&quot;slq&quot;] = {&quot;Salchuq&quot;},
	[&quot;slr&quot;] = {&quot;Salar&quot;},
	[&quot;sls&quot;] = {&quot;Singapore Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;slt&quot;] = {&quot;Sila&quot;},
	[&quot;slu&quot;] = {&quot;Selaru&quot;},
	[&quot;slw&quot;] = {&quot;Sialum&quot;},
	[&quot;slx&quot;] = {&quot;Salampasu&quot;},
	[&quot;sly&quot;] = {&quot;Selayar&quot;},
	[&quot;slz&quot;] = {&quot;Ma'ya&quot;},
	[&quot;sma&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;smb&quot;] = {&quot;Simbari&quot;},
	[&quot;smc&quot;] = {&quot;Som&quot;},
	[&quot;smd&quot;] = {&quot;Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;smf&quot;] = {&quot;Auwe&quot;},
	[&quot;smg&quot;] = {&quot;Simbali&quot;},
	[&quot;smh&quot;] = {&quot;Samei&quot;},
	[&quot;smi&quot;] = {&quot;Sami languages&quot;},
	[&quot;smj&quot;] = {&quot;Lule Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;smk&quot;] = {&quot;Bolinao&quot;},
	[&quot;sml&quot;] = {&quot;Central Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;smm&quot;] = {&quot;Musasa&quot;},
	[&quot;smn&quot;] = {&quot;Inari Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;smp&quot;] = {&quot;Samaritan&quot;},
	[&quot;smq&quot;] = {&quot;Samo&quot;},
	[&quot;smr&quot;] = {&quot;Simeulue&quot;},
	[&quot;sms&quot;] = {&quot;Skolt Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;smt&quot;] = {&quot;Simte&quot;},
	[&quot;smu&quot;] = {&quot;Somray&quot;},
	[&quot;smv&quot;] = {&quot;Samvedi&quot;},
	[&quot;smw&quot;] = {&quot;Sumbawa&quot;},
	[&quot;smx&quot;] = {&quot;Samba&quot;},
	[&quot;smy&quot;] = {&quot;Semnani&quot;},
	[&quot;smz&quot;] = {&quot;Simeku&quot;},
	[&quot;snb&quot;] = {&quot;Sebuyau&quot;},
	[&quot;snc&quot;] = {&quot;Sinaugoro&quot;},
	[&quot;sne&quot;] = {&quot;Bau Bidayuh&quot;},
	[&quot;snf&quot;] = {&quot;Noon&quot;},
	[&quot;sng&quot;] = {&quot;Sanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;sni&quot;] = {&quot;Sensi&quot;},
	[&quot;snj&quot;] = {&quot;Riverain Sango&quot;},
	[&quot;snk&quot;] = {&quot;Soninke&quot;},
	[&quot;snl&quot;] = {&quot;Sangil&quot;},
	[&quot;snm&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Ma'di&quot;},
	[&quot;snn&quot;] = {&quot;Siona&quot;},
	[&quot;sno&quot;] = {&quot;Snohomish&quot;},
	[&quot;snp&quot;] = {&quot;Siane&quot;},
	[&quot;snq&quot;] = {&quot;Sangu (Gabon)&quot;},
	[&quot;snr&quot;] = {&quot;Sihan&quot;},
	[&quot;sns&quot;] = {&quot;South West Bay&quot;, &quot;Nahavaq&quot;},
	[&quot;snu&quot;] = {&quot;Senggi&quot;, &quot;Viid&quot;},
	[&quot;snv&quot;] = {&quot;Sa'ban&quot;},
	[&quot;snw&quot;] = {&quot;Selee&quot;},
	[&quot;snx&quot;] = {&quot;Sam&quot;},
	[&quot;sny&quot;] = {&quot;Saniyo-Hiyewe&quot;},
	[&quot;snz&quot;] = {&quot;Sinsauru&quot;},
	[&quot;soa&quot;] = {&quot;Thai Song&quot;},
	[&quot;sob&quot;] = {&quot;Sobei&quot;},
	[&quot;soc&quot;] = {&quot;So (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;sod&quot;] = {&quot;Songoora&quot;},
	[&quot;soe&quot;] = {&quot;Songomeno&quot;},
	[&quot;sog&quot;] = {&quot;Sogdian&quot;},
	[&quot;soh&quot;] = {&quot;Aka&quot;},
	[&quot;soi&quot;] = {&quot;Sonha&quot;},
	[&quot;soj&quot;] = {&quot;Soi&quot;},
	[&quot;sok&quot;] = {&quot;Sokoro&quot;},
	[&quot;sol&quot;] = {&quot;Solos&quot;},
	[&quot;son&quot;] = {&quot;Songhai languages&quot;},
	[&quot;soo&quot;] = {&quot;Songo&quot;},
	[&quot;sop&quot;] = {&quot;Songe&quot;},
	[&quot;soq&quot;] = {&quot;Kanasi&quot;},
	[&quot;sor&quot;] = {&quot;Somrai&quot;},
	[&quot;sos&quot;] = {&quot;Seeku&quot;},
	[&quot;sou&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;sov&quot;] = {&quot;Sonsorol&quot;},
	[&quot;sow&quot;] = {&quot;Sowanda&quot;},
	[&quot;sox&quot;] = {&quot;Swo&quot;},
	[&quot;soy&quot;] = {&quot;Miyobe&quot;},
	[&quot;soz&quot;] = {&quot;Temi&quot;},
	[&quot;spb&quot;] = {&quot;Sepa (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;spc&quot;] = {&quot;Sapé&quot;},
	[&quot;spd&quot;] = {&quot;Saep&quot;},
	[&quot;spe&quot;] = {&quot;Sepa (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;spg&quot;] = {&quot;Sian&quot;},
	[&quot;spi&quot;] = {&quot;Saponi&quot;},
	[&quot;spk&quot;] = {&quot;Sengo&quot;},
	[&quot;spl&quot;] = {&quot;Selepet&quot;},
	[&quot;spm&quot;] = {&quot;Akukem&quot;},
	[&quot;spn&quot;] = {&quot;Sanapaná&quot;},
	[&quot;spo&quot;] = {&quot;Spokane&quot;},
	[&quot;spp&quot;] = {&quot;Supyire Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;spq&quot;] = {&quot;Loreto-Ucayali Spanish&quot;},
	[&quot;spr&quot;] = {&quot;Saparua&quot;},
	[&quot;sps&quot;] = {&quot;Saposa&quot;},
	[&quot;spt&quot;] = {&quot;Spiti Bhoti&quot;},
	[&quot;spu&quot;] = {&quot;Sapuan&quot;},
	[&quot;spv&quot;] = {&quot;Sambalpuri&quot;, &quot;Kosli&quot;},
	[&quot;spx&quot;] = {&quot;South Picene&quot;},
	[&quot;spy&quot;] = {&quot;Sabaot&quot;},
	[&quot;sqa&quot;] = {&quot;Shama-Sambuga&quot;},
	[&quot;sqh&quot;] = {&quot;Shau&quot;},
	[&quot;sqj&quot;] = {&quot;Albanian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;sqk&quot;] = {&quot;Albanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sqm&quot;] = {&quot;Suma&quot;},
	[&quot;sqn&quot;] = {&quot;Susquehannock&quot;},
	[&quot;sqo&quot;] = {&quot;Sorkhei&quot;},
	[&quot;sqq&quot;] = {&quot;Sou&quot;},
	[&quot;sqr&quot;] = {&quot;Siculo Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;sqs&quot;] = {&quot;Sri Lankan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sqt&quot;] = {&quot;Soqotri&quot;},
	[&quot;squ&quot;] = {&quot;Squamish&quot;},
	[&quot;sra&quot;] = {&quot;Saruga&quot;},
	[&quot;srb&quot;] = {&quot;Sora&quot;},
	[&quot;src&quot;] = {&quot;Logudorese Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;sre&quot;] = {&quot;Sara&quot;},
	[&quot;srf&quot;] = {&quot;Nafi&quot;},
	[&quot;srg&quot;] = {&quot;Sulod&quot;},
	[&quot;srh&quot;] = {&quot;Sarikoli&quot;},
	[&quot;sri&quot;] = {&quot;Siriano&quot;},
	[&quot;srk&quot;] = {&quot;Serudung Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;srl&quot;] = {&quot;Isirawa&quot;},
	[&quot;srm&quot;] = {&quot;Saramaccan&quot;},
	[&quot;srn&quot;] = {&quot;Sranan Tongo&quot;},
	[&quot;sro&quot;] = {&quot;Campidanese Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;srq&quot;] = {&quot;Sirionó&quot;},
	[&quot;srr&quot;] = {&quot;Serer&quot;},
	[&quot;srs&quot;] = {&quot;Sarsi&quot;},
	[&quot;srt&quot;] = {&quot;Sauri&quot;},
	[&quot;sru&quot;] = {&quot;Suruí&quot;},
	[&quot;srv&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sorsoganon&quot;},
	[&quot;srw&quot;] = {&quot;Serua&quot;},
	[&quot;srx&quot;] = {&quot;Sirmauri&quot;},
	[&quot;sry&quot;] = {&quot;Sera&quot;},
	[&quot;srz&quot;] = {&quot;Shahmirzadi&quot;},
	[&quot;ssa&quot;] = {&quot;Nilo-Saharan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ssb&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;ssc&quot;] = {&quot;Suba-Simbiti&quot;},
	[&quot;ssd&quot;] = {&quot;Siroi&quot;},
	[&quot;sse&quot;] = {&quot;Balangingi&quot;, &quot;Bangingih Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;ssf&quot;] = {&quot;Thao&quot;},
	[&quot;ssg&quot;] = {&quot;Seimat&quot;},
	[&quot;ssh&quot;] = {&quot;Shihhi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ssi&quot;] = {&quot;Sansi&quot;},
	[&quot;ssj&quot;] = {&quot;Sausi&quot;},
	[&quot;ssk&quot;] = {&quot;Sunam&quot;},
	[&quot;ssl&quot;] = {&quot;Western Sisaala&quot;},
	[&quot;ssm&quot;] = {&quot;Semnam&quot;},
	[&quot;ssn&quot;] = {&quot;Waata&quot;},
	[&quot;sso&quot;] = {&quot;Sissano&quot;},
	[&quot;ssp&quot;] = {&quot;Spanish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ssq&quot;] = {&quot;So'a&quot;},
	[&quot;ssr&quot;] = {&quot;Swiss-French Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sss&quot;] = {&quot;Sô&quot;},
	[&quot;sst&quot;] = {&quot;Sinasina&quot;},
	[&quot;ssu&quot;] = {&quot;Susuami&quot;},
	[&quot;ssv&quot;] = {&quot;Shark Bay&quot;},
	[&quot;ssx&quot;] = {&quot;Samberigi&quot;},
	[&quot;ssy&quot;] = {&quot;Saho&quot;},
	[&quot;ssz&quot;] = {&quot;Sengseng&quot;},
	[&quot;sta&quot;] = {&quot;Settla&quot;},
	[&quot;stb&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Subanen&quot;},
	[&quot;std&quot;] = {&quot;Sentinel&quot;},
	[&quot;ste&quot;] = {&quot;Liana-Seti&quot;},
	[&quot;stf&quot;] = {&quot;Seta&quot;},
	[&quot;stg&quot;] = {&quot;Trieng&quot;},
	[&quot;sth&quot;] = {&quot;Shelta&quot;},
	[&quot;sti&quot;] = {&quot;Bulo Stieng&quot;},
	[&quot;stj&quot;] = {&quot;Matya Samo&quot;},
	[&quot;stk&quot;] = {&quot;Arammba&quot;},
	[&quot;stl&quot;] = {&quot;Stellingwerfs&quot;},
	[&quot;stm&quot;] = {&quot;Setaman&quot;},
	[&quot;stn&quot;] = {&quot;Owa&quot;},
	[&quot;sto&quot;] = {&quot;Stoney&quot;},
	[&quot;stp&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Tepehuan&quot;},
	[&quot;stq&quot;] = {&quot;Saterfriesisch&quot;},
	[&quot;str&quot;] = {&quot;Straits Salish&quot;},
	[&quot;sts&quot;] = {&quot;Shumashti&quot;},
	[&quot;stt&quot;] = {&quot;Budeh Stieng&quot;},
	[&quot;stu&quot;] = {&quot;Samtao&quot;},
	[&quot;stv&quot;] = {&quot;Silt'e&quot;},
	[&quot;stw&quot;] = {&quot;Satawalese&quot;},
	[&quot;sty&quot;] = {&quot;Siberian Tatar&quot;},
	[&quot;sua&quot;] = {&quot;Sulka&quot;},
	[&quot;sub&quot;] = {&quot;Suku&quot;},
	[&quot;suc&quot;] = {&quot;Western Subanon&quot;},
	[&quot;sue&quot;] = {&quot;Suena&quot;},
	[&quot;sug&quot;] = {&quot;Suganga&quot;},
	[&quot;sui&quot;] = {&quot;Suki&quot;},
	[&quot;suj&quot;] = {&quot;Shubi&quot;},
	[&quot;suk&quot;] = {&quot;Sukuma&quot;},
	[&quot;suq&quot;] = {&quot;Suri&quot;},
	[&quot;sur&quot;] = {&quot;Mwaghavul&quot;},
	[&quot;sus&quot;] = {&quot;Susu&quot;},
	[&quot;sut&quot;] = {&quot;Subtiaba&quot;},
	[&quot;suv&quot;] = {&quot;Puroik&quot;},
	[&quot;suw&quot;] = {&quot;Sumbwa&quot;},
	[&quot;sux&quot;] = {&quot;Sumerian&quot;},
	[&quot;suy&quot;] = {&quot;Suyá&quot;},
	[&quot;suz&quot;] = {&quot;Sunwar&quot;},
	[&quot;sva&quot;] = {&quot;Svan&quot;},
	[&quot;svb&quot;] = {&quot;Ulau-Suain&quot;},
	[&quot;svc&quot;] = {&quot;Vincentian Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;sve&quot;] = {&quot;Serili&quot;},
	[&quot;svk&quot;] = {&quot;Slovakian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;svm&quot;] = {&quot;Slavomolisano&quot;},
	[&quot;svs&quot;] = {&quot;Savosavo&quot;},
	[&quot;svx&quot;] = {&quot;Skalvian&quot;},
	[&quot;swb&quot;] = {&quot;Maore Comorian&quot;},
	[&quot;swc&quot;] = {&quot;Congo Swahili&quot;},
	[&quot;swf&quot;] = {&quot;Sere&quot;},
	[&quot;swg&quot;] = {&quot;Swabian&quot;},
	[&quot;swh&quot;] = {&quot;Swahili (individual language)&quot;, &quot;Kiswahili&quot;},
	[&quot;swi&quot;] = {&quot;Sui&quot;},
	[&quot;swj&quot;] = {&quot;Sira&quot;},
	[&quot;swk&quot;] = {&quot;Malawi Sena&quot;},
	[&quot;swl&quot;] = {&quot;Swedish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;swm&quot;] = {&quot;Samosa&quot;},
	[&quot;swn&quot;] = {&quot;Sawknah&quot;},
	[&quot;swo&quot;] = {&quot;Shanenawa&quot;},
	[&quot;swp&quot;] = {&quot;Suau&quot;},
	[&quot;swq&quot;] = {&quot;Sharwa&quot;},
	[&quot;swr&quot;] = {&quot;Saweru&quot;},
	[&quot;sws&quot;] = {&quot;Seluwasan&quot;},
	[&quot;swt&quot;] = {&quot;Sawila&quot;},
	[&quot;swu&quot;] = {&quot;Suwawa&quot;},
	[&quot;swv&quot;] = {&quot;Shekhawati&quot;},
	[&quot;sww&quot;] = {&quot;Sowa&quot;},
	[&quot;swx&quot;] = {&quot;Suruahá&quot;},
	[&quot;swy&quot;] = {&quot;Sarua&quot;},
	[&quot;sxb&quot;] = {&quot;Suba&quot;},
	[&quot;sxc&quot;] = {&quot;Sicanian&quot;},
	[&quot;sxe&quot;] = {&quot;Sighu&quot;},
	[&quot;sxg&quot;] = {&quot;Shuhi&quot;, &quot;Shixing&quot;},
	[&quot;sxk&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kalapuya&quot;},
	[&quot;sxl&quot;] = {&quot;Selian&quot;},
	[&quot;sxm&quot;] = {&quot;Samre&quot;},
	[&quot;sxn&quot;] = {&quot;Sangir&quot;},
	[&quot;sxo&quot;] = {&quot;Sorothaptic&quot;},
	[&quot;sxr&quot;] = {&quot;Saaroa&quot;},
	[&quot;sxs&quot;] = {&quot;Sasaru&quot;},
	[&quot;sxu&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Saxon&quot;},
	[&quot;sxw&quot;] = {&quot;Saxwe Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;sya&quot;] = {&quot;Siang&quot;},
	[&quot;syb&quot;] = {&quot;Central Subanen&quot;},
	[&quot;syc&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Syriac&quot;},
	[&quot;syd&quot;] = {&quot;Samoyedic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;syi&quot;] = {&quot;Seki&quot;},
	[&quot;syk&quot;] = {&quot;Sukur&quot;},
	[&quot;syl&quot;] = {&quot;Sylheti&quot;},
	[&quot;sym&quot;] = {&quot;Maya Samo&quot;},
	[&quot;syn&quot;] = {&quot;Senaya&quot;},
	[&quot;syo&quot;] = {&quot;Suoy&quot;},
	[&quot;syr&quot;] = {&quot;Syriac&quot;},
	[&quot;sys&quot;] = {&quot;Sinyar&quot;},
	[&quot;syw&quot;] = {&quot;Kagate&quot;},
	[&quot;syx&quot;] = {&quot;Samay&quot;},
	[&quot;syy&quot;] = {&quot;Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sza&quot;] = {&quot;Semelai&quot;},
	[&quot;szb&quot;] = {&quot;Ngalum&quot;},
	[&quot;szc&quot;] = {&quot;Semaq Beri&quot;},
	[&quot;szd&quot;] = {&quot;Seru&quot;},
	[&quot;sze&quot;] = {&quot;Seze&quot;},
	[&quot;szg&quot;] = {&quot;Sengele&quot;},
	[&quot;szl&quot;] = {&quot;Silesian&quot;},
	[&quot;szn&quot;] = {&quot;Sula&quot;},
	[&quot;szp&quot;] = {&quot;Suabo&quot;},
	[&quot;szs&quot;] = {&quot;Solomon Islands Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;szv&quot;] = {&quot;Isu (Fako Division)&quot;},
	[&quot;szw&quot;] = {&quot;Sawai&quot;},
	[&quot;taa&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Tanana&quot;},
	[&quot;tab&quot;] = {&quot;Tabassaran&quot;},
	[&quot;tac&quot;] = {&quot;Lowland Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;tad&quot;] = {&quot;Tause&quot;},
	[&quot;tae&quot;] = {&quot;Tariana&quot;},
	[&quot;taf&quot;] = {&quot;Tapirapé&quot;},
	[&quot;tag&quot;] = {&quot;Tagoi&quot;},
	[&quot;tai&quot;] = {&quot;Tai languages&quot;},
	[&quot;taj&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Tamang&quot;},
	[&quot;tak&quot;] = {&quot;Tala&quot;},
	[&quot;tal&quot;] = {&quot;Tal&quot;},
	[&quot;tan&quot;] = {&quot;Tangale&quot;},
	[&quot;tao&quot;] = {&quot;Yami&quot;},
	[&quot;tap&quot;] = {&quot;Taabwa&quot;},
	[&quot;taq&quot;] = {&quot;Tamasheq&quot;},
	[&quot;tar&quot;] = {&quot;Central Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;tas&quot;] = {&quot;Tay Boi&quot;},
	[&quot;tau&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Tanana&quot;},
	[&quot;tav&quot;] = {&quot;Tatuyo&quot;},
	[&quot;taw&quot;] = {&quot;Tai&quot;},
	[&quot;tax&quot;] = {&quot;Tamki&quot;},
	[&quot;tay&quot;] = {&quot;Atayal&quot;},
	[&quot;taz&quot;] = {&quot;Tocho&quot;},
	[&quot;tba&quot;] = {&quot;Aikanã&quot;},
	[&quot;tbb&quot;] = {&quot;Tapeba&quot;},
	[&quot;tbc&quot;] = {&quot;Takia&quot;},
	[&quot;tbd&quot;] = {&quot;Kaki Ae&quot;},
	[&quot;tbe&quot;] = {&quot;Tanimbili&quot;},
	[&quot;tbf&quot;] = {&quot;Mandara&quot;},
	[&quot;tbg&quot;] = {&quot;North Tairora&quot;},
	[&quot;tbh&quot;] = {&quot;Thurawal&quot;},
	[&quot;tbi&quot;] = {&quot;Gaam&quot;},
	[&quot;tbj&quot;] = {&quot;Tiang&quot;},
	[&quot;tbk&quot;] = {&quot;Calamian Tagbanwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tbl&quot;] = {&quot;Tboli&quot;},
	[&quot;tbm&quot;] = {&quot;Tagbu&quot;},
	[&quot;tbn&quot;] = {&quot;Barro Negro Tunebo&quot;},
	[&quot;tbo&quot;] = {&quot;Tawala&quot;},
	[&quot;tbp&quot;] = {&quot;Taworta&quot;, &quot;Diebroud&quot;},
	[&quot;tbq&quot;] = {&quot;Tibeto-Burman languages&quot;},
	[&quot;tbr&quot;] = {&quot;Tumtum&quot;},
	[&quot;tbs&quot;] = {&quot;Tanguat&quot;},
	[&quot;tbt&quot;] = {&quot;Tembo (Kitembo)&quot;},
	[&quot;tbu&quot;] = {&quot;Tubar&quot;},
	[&quot;tbv&quot;] = {&quot;Tobo&quot;},
	[&quot;tbw&quot;] = {&quot;Tagbanwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tbx&quot;] = {&quot;Kapin&quot;},
	[&quot;tby&quot;] = {&quot;Tabaru&quot;},
	[&quot;tbz&quot;] = {&quot;Ditammari&quot;},
	[&quot;tca&quot;] = {&quot;Ticuna&quot;},
	[&quot;tcb&quot;] = {&quot;Tanacross&quot;},
	[&quot;tcc&quot;] = {&quot;Datooga&quot;},
	[&quot;tcd&quot;] = {&quot;Tafi&quot;},
	[&quot;tce&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Tutchone&quot;},
	[&quot;tcf&quot;] = {&quot;Malinaltepec Me'phaa&quot;, &quot;Malinaltepec Tlapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;tcg&quot;] = {&quot;Tamagario&quot;},
	[&quot;tch&quot;] = {&quot;Turks And Caicos Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;tci&quot;] = {&quot;Wára&quot;},
	[&quot;tck&quot;] = {&quot;Tchitchege&quot;},
	[&quot;tcl&quot;] = {&quot;Taman (Myanmar)&quot;},
	[&quot;tcm&quot;] = {&quot;Tanahmerah&quot;},
	[&quot;tcn&quot;] = {&quot;Tichurong&quot;},
	[&quot;tco&quot;] = {&quot;Taungyo&quot;},
	[&quot;tcp&quot;] = {&quot;Tawr Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;tcq&quot;] = {&quot;Kaiy&quot;},
	[&quot;tcs&quot;] = {&quot;Torres Strait Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;tct&quot;] = {&quot;T'en&quot;},
	[&quot;tcu&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;tcw&quot;] = {&quot;Tecpatlán Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tcx&quot;] = {&quot;Toda&quot;},
	[&quot;tcy&quot;] = {&quot;Tulu&quot;},
	[&quot;tcz&quot;] = {&quot;Thado Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;tda&quot;] = {&quot;Tagdal&quot;},
	[&quot;tdb&quot;] = {&quot;Panchpargania&quot;},
	[&quot;tdc&quot;] = {&quot;Emberá-Tadó&quot;},
	[&quot;tdd&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Nüa&quot;},
	[&quot;tde&quot;] = {&quot;Tiranige Diga Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;tdf&quot;] = {&quot;Talieng&quot;},
	[&quot;tdg&quot;] = {&quot;Western Tamang&quot;},
	[&quot;tdh&quot;] = {&quot;Thulung&quot;},
	[&quot;tdi&quot;] = {&quot;Tomadino&quot;},
	[&quot;tdj&quot;] = {&quot;Tajio&quot;},
	[&quot;tdk&quot;] = {&quot;Tambas&quot;},
	[&quot;tdl&quot;] = {&quot;Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;tdm&quot;] = {&quot;Taruma&quot;},
	[&quot;tdn&quot;] = {&quot;Tondano&quot;},
	[&quot;tdo&quot;] = {&quot;Teme&quot;},
	[&quot;tdq&quot;] = {&quot;Tita&quot;},
	[&quot;tdr&quot;] = {&quot;Todrah&quot;},
	[&quot;tds&quot;] = {&quot;Doutai&quot;},
	[&quot;tdt&quot;] = {&quot;Tetun Dili&quot;},
	[&quot;tdv&quot;] = {&quot;Toro&quot;},
	[&quot;tdx&quot;] = {&quot;Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;tdy&quot;] = {&quot;Tadyawan&quot;},
	[&quot;tea&quot;] = {&quot;Temiar&quot;},
	[&quot;teb&quot;] = {&quot;Tetete&quot;},
	[&quot;tec&quot;] = {&quot;Terik&quot;},
	[&quot;ted&quot;] = {&quot;Tepo Krumen&quot;},
	[&quot;tee&quot;] = {&quot;Huehuetla Tepehua&quot;},
	[&quot;tef&quot;] = {&quot;Teressa&quot;},
	[&quot;teg&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Tege&quot;},
	[&quot;teh&quot;] = {&quot;Tehuelche&quot;},
	[&quot;tei&quot;] = {&quot;Torricelli&quot;},
	[&quot;tek&quot;] = {&quot;Ibali Teke&quot;},
	[&quot;tem&quot;] = {&quot;Timne&quot;},
	[&quot;ten&quot;] = {&quot;Tama (Colombia)&quot;},
	[&quot;teo&quot;] = {&quot;Teso&quot;},
	[&quot;tep&quot;] = {&quot;Tepecano&quot;},
	[&quot;teq&quot;] = {&quot;Temein&quot;},
	[&quot;ter&quot;] = {&quot;Tereno&quot;},
	[&quot;tes&quot;] = {&quot;Tengger&quot;},
	[&quot;tet&quot;] = {&quot;Tetum&quot;},
	[&quot;teu&quot;] = {&quot;Soo&quot;},
	[&quot;tev&quot;] = {&quot;Teor&quot;},
	[&quot;tew&quot;] = {&quot;Tewa (USA)&quot;},
	[&quot;tex&quot;] = {&quot;Tennet&quot;},
	[&quot;tey&quot;] = {&quot;Tulishi&quot;},
	[&quot;tez&quot;] = {&quot;Tetserret&quot;},
	[&quot;tfi&quot;] = {&quot;Tofin Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;tfn&quot;] = {&quot;Tanaina&quot;},
	[&quot;tfo&quot;] = {&quot;Tefaro&quot;},
	[&quot;tfr&quot;] = {&quot;Teribe&quot;},
	[&quot;tft&quot;] = {&quot;Ternate&quot;},
	[&quot;tga&quot;] = {&quot;Sagalla&quot;},
	[&quot;tgb&quot;] = {&quot;Tobilung&quot;},
	[&quot;tgc&quot;] = {&quot;Tigak&quot;},
	[&quot;tgd&quot;] = {&quot;Ciwogai&quot;},
	[&quot;tge&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Gorkha Tamang&quot;},
	[&quot;tgf&quot;] = {&quot;Chalikha&quot;},
	[&quot;tgh&quot;] = {&quot;Tobagonian Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;tgi&quot;] = {&quot;Lawunuia&quot;},
	[&quot;tgj&quot;] = {&quot;Tagin&quot;},
	[&quot;tgn&quot;] = {&quot;Tandaganon&quot;},
	[&quot;tgo&quot;] = {&quot;Sudest&quot;},
	[&quot;tgp&quot;] = {&quot;Tangoa&quot;},
	[&quot;tgq&quot;] = {&quot;Tring&quot;},
	[&quot;tgr&quot;] = {&quot;Tareng&quot;},
	[&quot;tgs&quot;] = {&quot;Nume&quot;},
	[&quot;tgt&quot;] = {&quot;Central Tagbanwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tgu&quot;] = {&quot;Tanggu&quot;},
	[&quot;tgv&quot;] = {&quot;Tingui-Boto&quot;},
	[&quot;tgw&quot;] = {&quot;Tagwana Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;tgx&quot;] = {&quot;Tagish&quot;},
	[&quot;tgy&quot;] = {&quot;Togoyo&quot;},
	[&quot;tgz&quot;] = {&quot;Tagalaka&quot;},
	[&quot;thd&quot;] = {&quot;Thayore&quot;},
	[&quot;the&quot;] = {&quot;Chitwania Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;thf&quot;] = {&quot;Thangmi&quot;},
	[&quot;thh&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;thi&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Long&quot;},
	[&quot;thk&quot;] = {&quot;Tharaka&quot;, &quot;Kitharaka&quot;},
	[&quot;thl&quot;] = {&quot;Dangaura Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;thm&quot;] = {&quot;Aheu&quot;},
	[&quot;thn&quot;] = {&quot;Thachanadan&quot;},
	[&quot;thp&quot;] = {&quot;Thompson&quot;},
	[&quot;thq&quot;] = {&quot;Kochila Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;thr&quot;] = {&quot;Rana Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;ths&quot;] = {&quot;Thakali&quot;},
	[&quot;tht&quot;] = {&quot;Tahltan&quot;},
	[&quot;thu&quot;] = {&quot;Thuri&quot;},
	[&quot;thv&quot;] = {&quot;Tahaggart Tamahaq&quot;},
	[&quot;thw&quot;] = {&quot;Thudam&quot;},
	[&quot;thy&quot;] = {&quot;Tha&quot;},
	[&quot;thz&quot;] = {&quot;Tayart Tamajeq&quot;},
	[&quot;tia&quot;] = {&quot;Tidikelt Tamazight&quot;},
	[&quot;tic&quot;] = {&quot;Tira&quot;},
	[&quot;tif&quot;] = {&quot;Tifal&quot;},
	[&quot;tig&quot;] = {&quot;Tigre&quot;},
	[&quot;tih&quot;] = {&quot;Timugon Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;tii&quot;] = {&quot;Tiene&quot;},
	[&quot;tij&quot;] = {&quot;Tilung&quot;},
	[&quot;tik&quot;] = {&quot;Tikar&quot;},
	[&quot;til&quot;] = {&quot;Tillamook&quot;},
	[&quot;tim&quot;] = {&quot;Timbe&quot;},
	[&quot;tin&quot;] = {&quot;Tindi&quot;},
	[&quot;tio&quot;] = {&quot;Teop&quot;},
	[&quot;tip&quot;] = {&quot;Trimuris&quot;},
	[&quot;tiq&quot;] = {&quot;Tiéfo&quot;},
	[&quot;tis&quot;] = {&quot;Masadiit Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;tit&quot;] = {&quot;Tinigua&quot;},
	[&quot;tiu&quot;] = {&quot;Adasen&quot;},
	[&quot;tiv&quot;] = {&quot;Tiv&quot;},
	[&quot;tiw&quot;] = {&quot;Tiwi&quot;},
	[&quot;tix&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Tiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tiy&quot;] = {&quot;Tiruray&quot;},
	[&quot;tiz&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Hongjin&quot;},
	[&quot;tja&quot;] = {&quot;Tajuasohn&quot;},
	[&quot;tjg&quot;] = {&quot;Tunjung&quot;},
	[&quot;tji&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tujia&quot;},
	[&quot;tjl&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Laing&quot;},
	[&quot;tjm&quot;] = {&quot;Timucua&quot;},
	[&quot;tjn&quot;] = {&quot;Tonjon&quot;},
	[&quot;tjo&quot;] = {&quot;Temacine Tamazight&quot;},
	[&quot;tjs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Tujia&quot;},
	[&quot;tju&quot;] = {&quot;Tjurruru&quot;},
	[&quot;tjw&quot;] = {&quot;Djabwurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;tka&quot;] = {&quot;Truká&quot;},
	[&quot;tkb&quot;] = {&quot;Buksa&quot;},
	[&quot;tkd&quot;] = {&quot;Tukudede&quot;},
	[&quot;tke&quot;] = {&quot;Takwane&quot;},
	[&quot;tkf&quot;] = {&quot;Tukumanféd&quot;},
	[&quot;tkg&quot;] = {&quot;Tesaka Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;tkl&quot;] = {&quot;Tokelau&quot;},
	[&quot;tkm&quot;] = {&quot;Takelma&quot;},
	[&quot;tkn&quot;] = {&quot;Toku-No-Shima&quot;},
	[&quot;tkp&quot;] = {&quot;Tikopia&quot;},
	[&quot;tkq&quot;] = {&quot;Tee&quot;},
	[&quot;tkr&quot;] = {&quot;Tsakhur&quot;},
	[&quot;tks&quot;] = {&quot;Takestani&quot;},
	[&quot;tkt&quot;] = {&quot;Kathoriya Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;tku&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Necaxa Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tkv&quot;] = {&quot;Mur Pano&quot;},
	[&quot;tkw&quot;] = {&quot;Teanu&quot;},
	[&quot;tkx&quot;] = {&quot;Tangko&quot;},
	[&quot;tkz&quot;] = {&quot;Takua&quot;},
	[&quot;tla&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Tepehuan&quot;},
	[&quot;tlb&quot;] = {&quot;Tobelo&quot;},
	[&quot;tlc&quot;] = {&quot;Yecuatla Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tld&quot;] = {&quot;Talaud&quot;},
	[&quot;tlf&quot;] = {&quot;Telefol&quot;},
	[&quot;tlg&quot;] = {&quot;Tofanma&quot;},
	[&quot;tlh&quot;] = {&quot;Klingon&quot;, &quot;tlhIngan Hol&quot;},
	[&quot;tli&quot;] = {&quot;Tlingit&quot;},
	[&quot;tlj&quot;] = {&quot;Talinga-Bwisi&quot;},
	[&quot;tlk&quot;] = {&quot;Taloki&quot;},
	[&quot;tll&quot;] = {&quot;Tetela&quot;},
	[&quot;tlm&quot;] = {&quot;Tolomako&quot;},
	[&quot;tln&quot;] = {&quot;Talondo'&quot;},
	[&quot;tlo&quot;] = {&quot;Talodi&quot;},
	[&quot;tlp&quot;] = {&quot;Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tlq&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Loi&quot;},
	[&quot;tlr&quot;] = {&quot;Talise&quot;},
	[&quot;tls&quot;] = {&quot;Tambotalo&quot;},
	[&quot;tlt&quot;] = {&quot;Sou Nama&quot;, &quot;Teluti&quot;},
	[&quot;tlu&quot;] = {&quot;Tulehu&quot;},
	[&quot;tlv&quot;] = {&quot;Taliabu&quot;},
	[&quot;tlx&quot;] = {&quot;Khehek&quot;},
	[&quot;tly&quot;] = {&quot;Talysh&quot;},
	[&quot;tma&quot;] = {&quot;Tama (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;tmb&quot;] = {&quot;Katbol&quot;, &quot;Avava&quot;},
	[&quot;tmc&quot;] = {&quot;Tumak&quot;},
	[&quot;tmd&quot;] = {&quot;Haruai&quot;},
	[&quot;tme&quot;] = {&quot;Tremembé&quot;},
	[&quot;tmf&quot;] = {&quot;Toba-Maskoy&quot;},
	[&quot;tmg&quot;] = {&quot;Ternateño&quot;},
	[&quot;tmh&quot;] = {&quot;Tamashek&quot;},
	[&quot;tmi&quot;] = {&quot;Tutuba&quot;},
	[&quot;tmj&quot;] = {&quot;Samarokena&quot;},
	[&quot;tmk&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Tamang&quot;},
	[&quot;tml&quot;] = {&quot;Tamnim Citak&quot;},
	[&quot;tmm&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Thanh&quot;},
	[&quot;tmn&quot;] = {&quot;Taman (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;tmo&quot;] = {&quot;Temoq&quot;},
	[&quot;tmq&quot;] = {&quot;Tumleo&quot;},
	[&quot;tmr&quot;] = {&quot;Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (ca. 200-1200 CE)&quot;},
	[&quot;tms&quot;] = {&quot;Tima&quot;},
	[&quot;tmt&quot;] = {&quot;Tasmate&quot;},
	[&quot;tmu&quot;] = {&quot;Iau&quot;},
	[&quot;tmv&quot;] = {&quot;Tembo (Motembo)&quot;},
	[&quot;tmw&quot;] = {&quot;Temuan&quot;},
	[&quot;tmy&quot;] = {&quot;Tami&quot;},
	[&quot;tmz&quot;] = {&quot;Tamanaku&quot;},
	[&quot;tna&quot;] = {&quot;Tacana&quot;},
	[&quot;tnb&quot;] = {&quot;Western Tunebo&quot;},
	[&quot;tnc&quot;] = {&quot;Tanimuca-Retuarã&quot;},
	[&quot;tnd&quot;] = {&quot;Angosturas Tunebo&quot;},
	[&quot;tng&quot;] = {&quot;Tobanga&quot;},
	[&quot;tnh&quot;] = {&quot;Maiani&quot;},
	[&quot;tni&quot;] = {&quot;Tandia&quot;},
	[&quot;tnk&quot;] = {&quot;Kwamera&quot;},
	[&quot;tnl&quot;] = {&quot;Lenakel&quot;},
	[&quot;tnm&quot;] = {&quot;Tabla&quot;},
	[&quot;tnn&quot;] = {&quot;North Tanna&quot;},
	[&quot;tno&quot;] = {&quot;Toromono&quot;},
	[&quot;tnp&quot;] = {&quot;Whitesands&quot;},
	[&quot;tnq&quot;] = {&quot;Taino&quot;},
	[&quot;tnr&quot;] = {&quot;Ménik&quot;},
	[&quot;tns&quot;] = {&quot;Tenis&quot;},
	[&quot;tnt&quot;] = {&quot;Tontemboan&quot;},
	[&quot;tnu&quot;] = {&quot;Tay Khang&quot;},
	[&quot;tnv&quot;] = {&quot;Tangchangya&quot;},
	[&quot;tnw&quot;] = {&quot;Tonsawang&quot;},
	[&quot;tnx&quot;] = {&quot;Tanema&quot;},
	[&quot;tny&quot;] = {&quot;Tongwe&quot;},
	[&quot;tnz&quot;] = {&quot;Ten'edn&quot;},
	[&quot;tob&quot;] = {&quot;Toba&quot;},
	[&quot;toc&quot;] = {&quot;Coyutla Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tod&quot;] = {&quot;Toma&quot;},
	[&quot;tof&quot;] = {&quot;Gizrra&quot;},
	[&quot;tog&quot;] = {&quot;Tonga (Nyasa)&quot;},
	[&quot;toh&quot;] = {&quot;Gitonga&quot;},
	[&quot;toi&quot;] = {&quot;Tonga (Zambia)&quot;},
	[&quot;toj&quot;] = {&quot;Tojolabal&quot;},
	[&quot;tol&quot;] = {&quot;Tolowa&quot;},
	[&quot;tom&quot;] = {&quot;Tombulu&quot;},
	[&quot;too&quot;] = {&quot;Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;top&quot;] = {&quot;Papantla Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;toq&quot;] = {&quot;Toposa&quot;},
	[&quot;tor&quot;] = {&quot;Togbo-Vara Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;tos&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tou&quot;] = {&quot;Tho&quot;},
	[&quot;tov&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Taromi&quot;},
	[&quot;tow&quot;] = {&quot;Jemez&quot;},
	[&quot;tox&quot;] = {&quot;Tobian&quot;},
	[&quot;toy&quot;] = {&quot;Topoiyo&quot;},
	[&quot;toz&quot;] = {&quot;To&quot;},
	[&quot;tpa&quot;] = {&quot;Taupota&quot;},
	[&quot;tpc&quot;] = {&quot;Azoyú Me'phaa&quot;, &quot;Azoyú Tlapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;tpe&quot;] = {&quot;Tippera&quot;},
	[&quot;tpf&quot;] = {&quot;Tarpia&quot;},
	[&quot;tpg&quot;] = {&quot;Kula&quot;},
	[&quot;tpi&quot;] = {&quot;Tok Pisin&quot;},
	[&quot;tpj&quot;] = {&quot;Tapieté&quot;},
	[&quot;tpk&quot;] = {&quot;Tupinikin&quot;},
	[&quot;tpl&quot;] = {&quot;Tlacoapa Me'phaa&quot;, &quot;Tlacoapa Tlapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;tpm&quot;] = {&quot;Tampulma&quot;},
	[&quot;tpn&quot;] = {&quot;Tupinambá&quot;},
	[&quot;tpo&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Pao&quot;},
	[&quot;tpp&quot;] = {&quot;Pisaflores Tepehua&quot;},
	[&quot;tpq&quot;] = {&quot;Tukpa&quot;},
	[&quot;tpr&quot;] = {&quot;Tuparí&quot;},
	[&quot;tpt&quot;] = {&quot;Tlachichilco Tepehua&quot;},
	[&quot;tpu&quot;] = {&quot;Tampuan&quot;},
	[&quot;tpv&quot;] = {&quot;Tanapag&quot;},
	[&quot;tpw&quot;] = {&quot;Tupí&quot;},
	[&quot;tpx&quot;] = {&quot;Acatepec Me'phaa&quot;, &quot;Acatepec Tlapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;tpy&quot;] = {&quot;Trumai&quot;},
	[&quot;tpz&quot;] = {&quot;Tinputz&quot;},
	[&quot;tqb&quot;] = {&quot;Tembé&quot;},
	[&quot;tql&quot;] = {&quot;Lehali&quot;},
	[&quot;tqm&quot;] = {&quot;Turumsa&quot;},
	[&quot;tqn&quot;] = {&quot;Tenino&quot;},
	[&quot;tqo&quot;] = {&quot;Toaripi&quot;},
	[&quot;tqp&quot;] = {&quot;Tomoip&quot;},
	[&quot;tqq&quot;] = {&quot;Tunni&quot;},
	[&quot;tqr&quot;] = {&quot;Torona&quot;},
	[&quot;tqt&quot;] = {&quot;Western Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tqu&quot;] = {&quot;Touo&quot;},
	[&quot;tqw&quot;] = {&quot;Tonkawa&quot;},
	[&quot;tra&quot;] = {&quot;Tirahi&quot;},
	[&quot;trb&quot;] = {&quot;Terebu&quot;},
	[&quot;trc&quot;] = {&quot;Copala Triqui&quot;},
	[&quot;trd&quot;] = {&quot;Turi&quot;},
	[&quot;tre&quot;] = {&quot;East Tarangan&quot;},
	[&quot;trf&quot;] = {&quot;Trinidadian Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;trg&quot;] = {&quot;Lishán Didán&quot;},
	[&quot;trh&quot;] = {&quot;Turaka&quot;},
	[&quot;tri&quot;] = {&quot;Trió&quot;},
	[&quot;trj&quot;] = {&quot;Toram&quot;},
	[&quot;trk&quot;] = {&quot;Turkic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;trl&quot;] = {&quot;Traveller Scottish&quot;},
	[&quot;trm&quot;] = {&quot;Tregami&quot;},
	[&quot;trn&quot;] = {&quot;Trinitario&quot;},
	[&quot;tro&quot;] = {&quot;Tarao Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;trp&quot;] = {&quot;Kok Borok&quot;},
	[&quot;trq&quot;] = {&quot;San Martín Itunyoso Triqui&quot;},
	[&quot;trr&quot;] = {&quot;Taushiro&quot;},
	[&quot;trs&quot;] = {&quot;Chicahuaxtla Triqui&quot;},
	[&quot;trt&quot;] = {&quot;Tunggare&quot;},
	[&quot;tru&quot;] = {&quot;Turoyo&quot;, &quot;Surayt&quot;},
	[&quot;trv&quot;] = {&quot;Taroko&quot;},
	[&quot;trw&quot;] = {&quot;Torwali&quot;},
	[&quot;trx&quot;] = {&quot;Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh&quot;},
	[&quot;try&quot;] = {&quot;Turung&quot;},
	[&quot;trz&quot;] = {&quot;Torá&quot;},
	[&quot;tsa&quot;] = {&quot;Tsaangi&quot;},
	[&quot;tsb&quot;] = {&quot;Tsamai&quot;},
	[&quot;tsc&quot;] = {&quot;Tswa&quot;},
	[&quot;tsd&quot;] = {&quot;Tsakonian&quot;},
	[&quot;tse&quot;] = {&quot;Tunisian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tsg&quot;] = {&quot;Tausug&quot;},
	[&quot;tsh&quot;] = {&quot;Tsuvan&quot;},
	[&quot;tsi&quot;] = {&quot;Tsimshian&quot;},
	[&quot;tsj&quot;] = {&quot;Tshangla&quot;},
	[&quot;tsk&quot;] = {&quot;Tseku&quot;},
	[&quot;tsl&quot;] = {&quot;Ts'ün-Lao&quot;},
	[&quot;tsm&quot;] = {&quot;Turkish Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Türk İşaret Dili&quot;},
	[&quot;tsp&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Toussian&quot;},
	[&quot;tsq&quot;] = {&quot;Thai Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tsr&quot;] = {&quot;Akei&quot;},
	[&quot;tss&quot;] = {&quot;Taiwan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tst&quot;] = {&quot;Tondi Songway Kiini&quot;},
	[&quot;tsu&quot;] = {&quot;Tsou&quot;},
	[&quot;tsv&quot;] = {&quot;Tsogo&quot;},
	[&quot;tsw&quot;] = {&quot;Tsishingini&quot;},
	[&quot;tsx&quot;] = {&quot;Mubami&quot;},
	[&quot;tsy&quot;] = {&quot;Tebul Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tsz&quot;] = {&quot;Purepecha&quot;},
	[&quot;tta&quot;] = {&quot;Tutelo&quot;},
	[&quot;ttb&quot;] = {&quot;Gaa&quot;},
	[&quot;ttc&quot;] = {&quot;Tektiteko&quot;},
	[&quot;ttd&quot;] = {&quot;Tauade&quot;},
	[&quot;tte&quot;] = {&quot;Bwanabwana&quot;},
	[&quot;ttf&quot;] = {&quot;Tuotomb&quot;},
	[&quot;ttg&quot;] = {&quot;Tutong&quot;},
	[&quot;tth&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Ta'oih&quot;},
	[&quot;tti&quot;] = {&quot;Tobati&quot;},
	[&quot;ttj&quot;] = {&quot;Tooro&quot;},
	[&quot;ttk&quot;] = {&quot;Totoro&quot;},
	[&quot;ttl&quot;] = {&quot;Totela&quot;},
	[&quot;ttm&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tutchone&quot;},
	[&quot;ttn&quot;] = {&quot;Towei&quot;},
	[&quot;tto&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Ta'oih&quot;},
	[&quot;ttp&quot;] = {&quot;Tombelala&quot;},
	[&quot;ttq&quot;] = {&quot;Tawallammat Tamajaq&quot;},
	[&quot;ttr&quot;] = {&quot;Tera&quot;},
	[&quot;tts&quot;] = {&quot;Northeastern Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;ttt&quot;] = {&quot;Muslim Tat&quot;},
	[&quot;ttu&quot;] = {&quot;Torau&quot;},
	[&quot;ttv&quot;] = {&quot;Titan&quot;},
	[&quot;ttw&quot;] = {&quot;Long Wat&quot;},
	[&quot;tty&quot;] = {&quot;Sikaritai&quot;},
	[&quot;ttz&quot;] = {&quot;Tsum&quot;},
	[&quot;tua&quot;] = {&quot;Wiarumus&quot;},
	[&quot;tub&quot;] = {&quot;Tübatulabal&quot;},
	[&quot;tuc&quot;] = {&quot;Mutu&quot;},
	[&quot;tud&quot;] = {&quot;Tuxá&quot;},
	[&quot;tue&quot;] = {&quot;Tuyuca&quot;},
	[&quot;tuf&quot;] = {&quot;Central Tunebo&quot;},
	[&quot;tug&quot;] = {&quot;Tunia&quot;},
	[&quot;tuh&quot;] = {&quot;Taulil&quot;},
	[&quot;tui&quot;] = {&quot;Tupuri&quot;},
	[&quot;tuj&quot;] = {&quot;Tugutil&quot;},
	[&quot;tul&quot;] = {&quot;Tula&quot;},
	[&quot;tum&quot;] = {&quot;Tumbuka&quot;},
	[&quot;tun&quot;] = {&quot;Tunica&quot;},
	[&quot;tuo&quot;] = {&quot;Tucano&quot;},
	[&quot;tup&quot;] = {&quot;Tupi languages&quot;},
	[&quot;tuq&quot;] = {&quot;Tedaga&quot;},
	[&quot;tus&quot;] = {&quot;Tuscarora&quot;},
	[&quot;tut&quot;] = {&quot;Altaic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;tuu&quot;] = {&quot;Tututni&quot;},
	[&quot;tuv&quot;] = {&quot;Turkana&quot;},
	[&quot;tuw&quot;] = {&quot;Tungus languages&quot;},
	[&quot;tux&quot;] = {&quot;Tuxináwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tuy&quot;] = {&quot;Tugen&quot;},
	[&quot;tuz&quot;] = {&quot;Turka&quot;},
	[&quot;tva&quot;] = {&quot;Vaghua&quot;},
	[&quot;tvd&quot;] = {&quot;Tsuvadi&quot;},
	[&quot;tve&quot;] = {&quot;Te'un&quot;},
	[&quot;tvk&quot;] = {&quot;Southeast Ambrym&quot;},
	[&quot;tvl&quot;] = {&quot;Tuvalu&quot;},
	[&quot;tvm&quot;] = {&quot;Tela-Masbuar&quot;},
	[&quot;tvn&quot;] = {&quot;Tavoyan&quot;},
	[&quot;tvo&quot;] = {&quot;Tidore&quot;},
	[&quot;tvs&quot;] = {&quot;Taveta&quot;},
	[&quot;tvt&quot;] = {&quot;Tutsa Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;tvu&quot;] = {&quot;Tunen&quot;},
	[&quot;tvw&quot;] = {&quot;Sedoa&quot;},
	[&quot;tvy&quot;] = {&quot;Timor Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;twa&quot;] = {&quot;Twana&quot;},
	[&quot;twb&quot;] = {&quot;Western Tawbuid&quot;},
	[&quot;twc&quot;] = {&quot;Teshenawa&quot;},
	[&quot;twd&quot;] = {&quot;Twents&quot;},
	[&quot;twe&quot;] = {&quot;Tewa (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;twf&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;twg&quot;] = {&quot;Tereweng&quot;},
	[&quot;twh&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Dón&quot;},
	[&quot;twl&quot;] = {&quot;Tawara&quot;},
	[&quot;twm&quot;] = {&quot;Tawang Monpa&quot;},
	[&quot;twn&quot;] = {&quot;Twendi&quot;},
	[&quot;two&quot;] = {&quot;Tswapong&quot;},
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = {&quot;Ere&quot;},
	[&quot;twq&quot;] = {&quot;Tasawaq&quot;},
	[&quot;twr&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;twt&quot;] = {&quot;Turiwára&quot;},
	[&quot;twu&quot;] = {&quot;Termanu&quot;},
	[&quot;tww&quot;] = {&quot;Tuwari&quot;},
	[&quot;twx&quot;] = {&quot;Tewe&quot;},
	[&quot;twy&quot;] = {&quot;Tawoyan&quot;},
	[&quot;txa&quot;] = {&quot;Tombonuo&quot;},
	[&quot;txb&quot;] = {&quot;Tokharian B&quot;},
	[&quot;txc&quot;] = {&quot;Tsetsaut&quot;},
	[&quot;txe&quot;] = {&quot;Totoli&quot;},
	[&quot;txg&quot;] = {&quot;Tangut&quot;},
	[&quot;txh&quot;] = {&quot;Thracian&quot;},
	[&quot;txi&quot;] = {&quot;Ikpeng&quot;},
	[&quot;txj&quot;] = {&quot;Tarjumo&quot;},
	[&quot;txm&quot;] = {&quot;Tomini&quot;},
	[&quot;txn&quot;] = {&quot;West Tarangan&quot;},
	[&quot;txo&quot;] = {&quot;Toto&quot;},
	[&quot;txq&quot;] = {&quot;Tii&quot;},
	[&quot;txr&quot;] = {&quot;Tartessian&quot;},
	[&quot;txs&quot;] = {&quot;Tonsea&quot;},
	[&quot;txt&quot;] = {&quot;Citak&quot;},
	[&quot;txu&quot;] = {&quot;Kayapó&quot;},
	[&quot;txx&quot;] = {&quot;Tatana&quot;},
	[&quot;txy&quot;] = {&quot;Tanosy Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;tya&quot;] = {&quot;Tauya&quot;},
	[&quot;tye&quot;] = {&quot;Kyanga&quot;},
	[&quot;tyh&quot;] = {&quot;O'du&quot;},
	[&quot;tyi&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Tsaayi&quot;},
	[&quot;tyj&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Do&quot;, &quot;Tai Yo&quot;},
	[&quot;tyl&quot;] = {&quot;Thu Lao&quot;},
	[&quot;tyn&quot;] = {&quot;Kombai&quot;},
	[&quot;typ&quot;] = {&quot;Thaypan&quot;},
	[&quot;tyr&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Daeng&quot;},
	[&quot;tys&quot;] = {&quot;Tày Sa Pa&quot;},
	[&quot;tyt&quot;] = {&quot;Tày Tac&quot;},
	[&quot;tyu&quot;] = {&quot;Kua&quot;},
	[&quot;tyv&quot;] = {&quot;Tuvinian&quot;},
	[&quot;tyx&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Tyee&quot;},
	[&quot;tyz&quot;] = {&quot;Tày&quot;},
	[&quot;tza&quot;] = {&quot;Tanzanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tzh&quot;] = {&quot;Tzeltal&quot;},
	[&quot;tzj&quot;] = {&quot;Tz'utujil&quot;},
	[&quot;tzl&quot;] = {&quot;Talossan&quot;},
	[&quot;tzm&quot;] = {&quot;Central Atlas Tamazight&quot;},
	[&quot;tzn&quot;] = {&quot;Tugun&quot;},
	[&quot;tzo&quot;] = {&quot;Tzotzil&quot;},
	[&quot;tzx&quot;] = {&quot;Tabriak&quot;},
	[&quot;uam&quot;] = {&quot;Uamué&quot;},
	[&quot;uan&quot;] = {&quot;Kuan&quot;},
	[&quot;uar&quot;] = {&quot;Tairuma&quot;},
	[&quot;uba&quot;] = {&quot;Ubang&quot;},
	[&quot;ubi&quot;] = {&quot;Ubi&quot;},
	[&quot;ubl&quot;] = {&quot;Buhi'non Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;ubr&quot;] = {&quot;Ubir&quot;},
	[&quot;ubu&quot;] = {&quot;Umbu-Ungu&quot;},
	[&quot;uby&quot;] = {&quot;Ubykh&quot;},
	[&quot;uda&quot;] = {&quot;Uda&quot;},
	[&quot;ude&quot;] = {&quot;Udihe&quot;},
	[&quot;udg&quot;] = {&quot;Muduga&quot;},
	[&quot;udi&quot;] = {&quot;Udi&quot;},
	[&quot;udj&quot;] = {&quot;Ujir&quot;},
	[&quot;udl&quot;] = {&quot;Wuzlam&quot;},
	[&quot;udm&quot;] = {&quot;Udmurt&quot;},
	[&quot;udu&quot;] = {&quot;Uduk&quot;},
	[&quot;ues&quot;] = {&quot;Kioko&quot;},
	[&quot;ufi&quot;] = {&quot;Ufim&quot;},
	[&quot;uga&quot;] = {&quot;Ugaritic&quot;},
	[&quot;ugb&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Ugbanh&quot;},
	[&quot;uge&quot;] = {&quot;Ughele&quot;},
	[&quot;ugn&quot;] = {&quot;Ugandan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ugo&quot;] = {&quot;Ugong&quot;},
	[&quot;ugy&quot;] = {&quot;Uruguayan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;uha&quot;] = {&quot;Uhami&quot;},
	[&quot;uhn&quot;] = {&quot;Damal&quot;},
	[&quot;uis&quot;] = {&quot;Uisai&quot;},
	[&quot;uiv&quot;] = {&quot;Iyive&quot;},
	[&quot;uji&quot;] = {&quot;Tanjijili&quot;},
	[&quot;uka&quot;] = {&quot;Kaburi&quot;},
	[&quot;ukg&quot;] = {&quot;Ukuriguma&quot;},
	[&quot;ukh&quot;] = {&quot;Ukhwejo&quot;},
	[&quot;ukk&quot;] = {&quot;Muak Sa-aak&quot;},
	[&quot;ukl&quot;] = {&quot;Ukrainian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ukp&quot;] = {&quot;Ukpe-Bayobiri&quot;},
	[&quot;ukq&quot;] = {&quot;Ukwa&quot;},
	[&quot;uks&quot;] = {&quot;Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Kaapor Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;uku&quot;] = {&quot;Ukue&quot;},
	[&quot;ukw&quot;] = {&quot;Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni&quot;},
	[&quot;uky&quot;] = {&quot;Kuuk-Yak&quot;},
	[&quot;ula&quot;] = {&quot;Fungwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ulb&quot;] = {&quot;Ulukwumi&quot;},
	[&quot;ulc&quot;] = {&quot;Ulch&quot;},
	[&quot;ule&quot;] = {&quot;Lule&quot;},
	[&quot;ulf&quot;] = {&quot;Usku&quot;, &quot;Afra&quot;},
	[&quot;uli&quot;] = {&quot;Ulithian&quot;},
	[&quot;ulk&quot;] = {&quot;Meriam&quot;},
	[&quot;ull&quot;] = {&quot;Ullatan&quot;},
	[&quot;ulm&quot;] = {&quot;Ulumanda'&quot;},
	[&quot;uln&quot;] = {&quot;Unserdeutsch&quot;},
	[&quot;ulu&quot;] = {&quot;Uma' Lung&quot;},
	[&quot;ulw&quot;] = {&quot;Ulwa&quot;},
	[&quot;uma&quot;] = {&quot;Umatilla&quot;},
	[&quot;umb&quot;] = {&quot;Umbundu&quot;},
	[&quot;umc&quot;] = {&quot;Marrucinian&quot;},
	[&quot;umd&quot;] = {&quot;Umbindhamu&quot;},
	[&quot;umg&quot;] = {&quot;Umbuygamu&quot;},
	[&quot;umi&quot;] = {&quot;Ukit&quot;},
	[&quot;umm&quot;] = {&quot;Umon&quot;},
	[&quot;umn&quot;] = {&quot;Makyan Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;umo&quot;] = {&quot;Umotína&quot;},
	[&quot;ump&quot;] = {&quot;Umpila&quot;},
	[&quot;umr&quot;] = {&quot;Umbugarla&quot;},
	[&quot;ums&quot;] = {&quot;Pendau&quot;},
	[&quot;umu&quot;] = {&quot;Munsee&quot;},
	[&quot;una&quot;] = {&quot;North Watut&quot;},
	[&quot;und&quot;] = {&quot;Undetermined&quot;},
	[&quot;une&quot;] = {&quot;Uneme&quot;},
	[&quot;ung&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarinyin&quot;},
	[&quot;unk&quot;] = {&quot;Enawené-Nawé&quot;},
	[&quot;unm&quot;] = {&quot;Unami&quot;},
	[&quot;unn&quot;] = {&quot;Kurnai&quot;},
	[&quot;unr&quot;] = {&quot;Mundari&quot;},
	[&quot;unu&quot;] = {&quot;Unubahe&quot;},
	[&quot;unx&quot;] = {&quot;Munda&quot;},
	[&quot;unz&quot;] = {&quot;Unde Kaili&quot;},
	[&quot;upi&quot;] = {&quot;Umeda&quot;},
	[&quot;upv&quot;] = {&quot;Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin&quot;},
	[&quot;ura&quot;] = {&quot;Urarina&quot;},
	[&quot;urb&quot;] = {&quot;Urubú-Kaapor&quot;, &quot;Kaapor&quot;},
	[&quot;urc&quot;] = {&quot;Urningangg&quot;},
	[&quot;ure&quot;] = {&quot;Uru&quot;},
	[&quot;urf&quot;] = {&quot;Uradhi&quot;},
	[&quot;urg&quot;] = {&quot;Urigina&quot;},
	[&quot;urh&quot;] = {&quot;Urhobo&quot;},
	[&quot;uri&quot;] = {&quot;Urim&quot;},
	[&quot;urj&quot;] = {&quot;Uralic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;urk&quot;] = {&quot;Urak Lawoi'&quot;},
	[&quot;url&quot;] = {&quot;Urali&quot;},
	[&quot;urm&quot;] = {&quot;Urapmin&quot;},
	[&quot;urn&quot;] = {&quot;Uruangnirin&quot;},
	[&quot;uro&quot;] = {&quot;Ura (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;urp&quot;] = {&quot;Uru-Pa-In&quot;},
	[&quot;urr&quot;] = {&quot;Lehalurup&quot;, &quot;Löyöp&quot;},
	[&quot;urt&quot;] = {&quot;Urat&quot;},
	[&quot;uru&quot;] = {&quot;Urumi&quot;},
	[&quot;urv&quot;] = {&quot;Uruava&quot;},
	[&quot;urw&quot;] = {&quot;Sop&quot;},
	[&quot;urx&quot;] = {&quot;Urimo&quot;},
	[&quot;ury&quot;] = {&quot;Orya&quot;},
	[&quot;urz&quot;] = {&quot;Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau&quot;},
	[&quot;usa&quot;] = {&quot;Usarufa&quot;},
	[&quot;ush&quot;] = {&quot;Ushojo&quot;},
	[&quot;usi&quot;] = {&quot;Usui&quot;},
	[&quot;usk&quot;] = {&quot;Usaghade&quot;},
	[&quot;usp&quot;] = {&quot;Uspanteco&quot;},
	[&quot;usu&quot;] = {&quot;Uya&quot;},
	[&quot;uta&quot;] = {&quot;Otank&quot;},
	[&quot;ute&quot;] = {&quot;Ute-Southern Paiute&quot;},
	[&quot;utp&quot;] = {&quot;Amba (Solomon Islands)&quot;},
	[&quot;utr&quot;] = {&quot;Etulo&quot;},
	[&quot;utu&quot;] = {&quot;Utu&quot;},
	[&quot;uum&quot;] = {&quot;Urum&quot;},
	[&quot;uun&quot;] = {&quot;Kulon-Pazeh&quot;},
	[&quot;uur&quot;] = {&quot;Ura (Vanuatu)&quot;},
	[&quot;uuu&quot;] = {&quot;U&quot;},
	[&quot;uve&quot;] = {&quot;West Uvean&quot;, &quot;Fagauvea&quot;},
	[&quot;uvh&quot;] = {&quot;Uri&quot;},
	[&quot;uvl&quot;] = {&quot;Lote&quot;},
	[&quot;uwa&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Uwanh&quot;},
	[&quot;uya&quot;] = {&quot;Doko-Uyanga&quot;},
	[&quot;uzn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Uzbek&quot;},
	[&quot;uzs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Uzbek&quot;},
	[&quot;vaa&quot;] = {&quot;Vaagri Booli&quot;},
	[&quot;vae&quot;] = {&quot;Vale&quot;},
	[&quot;vaf&quot;] = {&quot;Vafsi&quot;},
	[&quot;vag&quot;] = {&quot;Vagla&quot;},
	[&quot;vah&quot;] = {&quot;Varhadi-Nagpuri&quot;},
	[&quot;vai&quot;] = {&quot;Vai&quot;},
	[&quot;vaj&quot;] = {&quot;Sekele&quot;, &quot;Northwestern !Kung&quot;, &quot;Northwestern ǃKung&quot;, &quot;Vasekele&quot;},
	[&quot;val&quot;] = {&quot;Vehes&quot;},
	[&quot;vam&quot;] = {&quot;Vanimo&quot;},
	[&quot;van&quot;] = {&quot;Valman&quot;},
	[&quot;vao&quot;] = {&quot;Vao&quot;},
	[&quot;vap&quot;] = {&quot;Vaiphei&quot;},
	[&quot;var&quot;] = {&quot;Huarijio&quot;},
	[&quot;vas&quot;] = {&quot;Vasavi&quot;},
	[&quot;vau&quot;] = {&quot;Vanuma&quot;},
	[&quot;vav&quot;] = {&quot;Varli&quot;},
	[&quot;vay&quot;] = {&quot;Wayu&quot;},
	[&quot;vbb&quot;] = {&quot;Southeast Babar&quot;},
	[&quot;vbk&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;vec&quot;] = {&quot;Venetian&quot;},
	[&quot;ved&quot;] = {&quot;Veddah&quot;},
	[&quot;vel&quot;] = {&quot;Veluws&quot;},
	[&quot;vem&quot;] = {&quot;Vemgo-Mabas&quot;},
	[&quot;veo&quot;] = {&quot;Ventureño&quot;},
	[&quot;vep&quot;] = {&quot;Veps&quot;},
	[&quot;ver&quot;] = {&quot;Mom Jango&quot;},
	[&quot;vgr&quot;] = {&quot;Vaghri&quot;},
	[&quot;vgt&quot;] = {&quot;Vlaamse Gebarentaal&quot;, &quot;Flemish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;vic&quot;] = {&quot;Virgin Islands Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;vid&quot;] = {&quot;Vidunda&quot;},
	[&quot;vif&quot;] = {&quot;Vili&quot;},
	[&quot;vig&quot;] = {&quot;Viemo&quot;},
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = {&quot;Vilela&quot;},
	[&quot;vin&quot;] = {&quot;Vinza&quot;},
	[&quot;vis&quot;] = {&quot;Vishavan&quot;},
	[&quot;vit&quot;] = {&quot;Viti&quot;},
	[&quot;viv&quot;] = {&quot;Iduna&quot;},
	[&quot;vka&quot;] = {&quot;Kariyarra&quot;},
	[&quot;vki&quot;] = {&quot;Ija-Zuba&quot;},
	[&quot;vkj&quot;] = {&quot;Kujarge&quot;},
	[&quot;vkk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaur&quot;},
	[&quot;vkl&quot;] = {&quot;Kulisusu&quot;},
	[&quot;vkm&quot;] = {&quot;Kamakan&quot;},
	[&quot;vko&quot;] = {&quot;Kodeoha&quot;},
	[&quot;vkp&quot;] = {&quot;Korlai Creole Portuguese&quot;},
	[&quot;vkt&quot;] = {&quot;Tenggarong Kutai Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;vku&quot;] = {&quot;Kurrama&quot;},
	[&quot;vlp&quot;] = {&quot;Valpei&quot;},
	[&quot;vls&quot;] = {&quot;Vlaams&quot;},
	[&quot;vma&quot;] = {&quot;Martuyhunira&quot;},
	[&quot;vmb&quot;] = {&quot;Barbaram&quot;},
	[&quot;vmc&quot;] = {&quot;Juxtlahuaca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmd&quot;] = {&quot;Mudu Koraga&quot;},
	[&quot;vme&quot;] = {&quot;East Masela&quot;},
	[&quot;vmf&quot;] = {&quot;Mainfränkisch&quot;},
	[&quot;vmg&quot;] = {&quot;Lungalunga&quot;},
	[&quot;vmh&quot;] = {&quot;Maraghei&quot;},
	[&quot;vmi&quot;] = {&quot;Miwa&quot;},
	[&quot;vmj&quot;] = {&quot;Ixtayutla Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmk&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Shirima&quot;},
	[&quot;vml&quot;] = {&quot;Malgana&quot;},
	[&quot;vmm&quot;] = {&quot;Mitlatongo Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmp&quot;] = {&quot;Soyaltepec Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmq&quot;] = {&quot;Soyaltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmr&quot;] = {&quot;Marenje&quot;},
	[&quot;vms&quot;] = {&quot;Moksela&quot;},
	[&quot;vmu&quot;] = {&quot;Muluridyi&quot;},
	[&quot;vmv&quot;] = {&quot;Valley Maidu&quot;},
	[&quot;vmw&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa&quot;},
	[&quot;vmx&quot;] = {&quot;Tamazola Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmy&quot;] = {&quot;Ayautla Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mazatlán Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;vnk&quot;] = {&quot;Vano&quot;, &quot;Lovono&quot;},
	[&quot;vnm&quot;] = {&quot;Vinmavis&quot;, &quot;Neve'ei&quot;},
	[&quot;vnp&quot;] = {&quot;Vunapu&quot;},
	[&quot;vor&quot;] = {&quot;Voro&quot;},
	[&quot;vot&quot;] = {&quot;Votic&quot;},
	[&quot;vra&quot;] = {&quot;Vera'a&quot;},
	[&quot;vro&quot;] = {&quot;Võro&quot;},
	[&quot;vrs&quot;] = {&quot;Varisi&quot;},
	[&quot;vrt&quot;] = {&quot;Burmbar&quot;, &quot;Banam Bay&quot;},
	[&quot;vsi&quot;] = {&quot;Moldova Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;vsl&quot;] = {&quot;Venezuelan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;vsv&quot;] = {&quot;Valencian Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Llengua de signes valenciana&quot;},
	[&quot;vto&quot;] = {&quot;Vitou&quot;},
	[&quot;vum&quot;] = {&quot;Vumbu&quot;},
	[&quot;vun&quot;] = {&quot;Vunjo&quot;},
	[&quot;vut&quot;] = {&quot;Vute&quot;},
	[&quot;vwa&quot;] = {&quot;Awa (China)&quot;},
	[&quot;waa&quot;] = {&quot;Walla Walla&quot;},
	[&quot;wab&quot;] = {&quot;Wab&quot;},
	[&quot;wac&quot;] = {&quot;Wasco-Wishram&quot;},
	[&quot;wad&quot;] = {&quot;Wandamen&quot;},
	[&quot;wae&quot;] = {&quot;Walser&quot;},
	[&quot;waf&quot;] = {&quot;Wakoná&quot;},
	[&quot;wag&quot;] = {&quot;Wa'ema&quot;},
	[&quot;wah&quot;] = {&quot;Watubela&quot;},
	[&quot;wai&quot;] = {&quot;Wares&quot;},
	[&quot;waj&quot;] = {&quot;Waffa&quot;},
	[&quot;wak&quot;] = {&quot;Wakashan languages&quot;},
	[&quot;wal&quot;] = {&quot;Wolaytta&quot;, &quot;Wolaitta&quot;},
	[&quot;wam&quot;] = {&quot;Wampanoag&quot;},
	[&quot;wan&quot;] = {&quot;Wan&quot;},
	[&quot;wao&quot;] = {&quot;Wappo&quot;},
	[&quot;wap&quot;] = {&quot;Wapishana&quot;},
	[&quot;waq&quot;] = {&quot;Wageman&quot;},
	[&quot;war&quot;] = {&quot;Waray (Philippines)&quot;},
	[&quot;was&quot;] = {&quot;Washo&quot;},
	[&quot;wat&quot;] = {&quot;Kaninuwa&quot;},
	[&quot;wau&quot;] = {&quot;Waurá&quot;},
	[&quot;wav&quot;] = {&quot;Waka&quot;},
	[&quot;waw&quot;] = {&quot;Waiwai&quot;},
	[&quot;wax&quot;] = {&quot;Watam&quot;, &quot;Marangis&quot;},
	[&quot;way&quot;] = {&quot;Wayana&quot;},
	[&quot;waz&quot;] = {&quot;Wampur&quot;},
	[&quot;wba&quot;] = {&quot;Warao&quot;},
	[&quot;wbb&quot;] = {&quot;Wabo&quot;},
	[&quot;wbe&quot;] = {&quot;Waritai&quot;},
	[&quot;wbf&quot;] = {&quot;Wara&quot;},
	[&quot;wbh&quot;] = {&quot;Wanda&quot;},
	[&quot;wbi&quot;] = {&quot;Vwanji&quot;},
	[&quot;wbj&quot;] = {&quot;Alagwa&quot;},
	[&quot;wbk&quot;] = {&quot;Waigali&quot;},
	[&quot;wbl&quot;] = {&quot;Wakhi&quot;},
	[&quot;wbm&quot;] = {&quot;Wa&quot;},
	[&quot;wbp&quot;] = {&quot;Warlpiri&quot;},
	[&quot;wbq&quot;] = {&quot;Waddar&quot;},
	[&quot;wbr&quot;] = {&quot;Wagdi&quot;},
	[&quot;wbs&quot;] = {&quot;West Bengal Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;wbt&quot;] = {&quot;Wanman&quot;},
	[&quot;wbv&quot;] = {&quot;Wajarri&quot;},
	[&quot;wbw&quot;] = {&quot;Woi&quot;},
	[&quot;wca&quot;] = {&quot;Yanomámi&quot;},
	[&quot;wci&quot;] = {&quot;Waci Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;wdd&quot;] = {&quot;Wandji&quot;},
	[&quot;wdg&quot;] = {&quot;Wadaginam&quot;},
	[&quot;wdj&quot;] = {&quot;Wadjiginy&quot;},
	[&quot;wdk&quot;] = {&quot;Wadikali&quot;},
	[&quot;wdu&quot;] = {&quot;Wadjigu&quot;},
	[&quot;wdy&quot;] = {&quot;Wadjabangayi&quot;},
	[&quot;wea&quot;] = {&quot;Wewaw&quot;},
	[&quot;wec&quot;] = {&quot;Wè Western&quot;},
	[&quot;wed&quot;] = {&quot;Wedau&quot;},
	[&quot;weg&quot;] = {&quot;Wergaia&quot;},
	[&quot;weh&quot;] = {&quot;Weh&quot;},
	[&quot;wei&quot;] = {&quot;Kiunum&quot;},
	[&quot;wem&quot;] = {&quot;Weme Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;wen&quot;] = {&quot;Sorbian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;weo&quot;] = {&quot;Wemale&quot;},
	[&quot;wep&quot;] = {&quot;Westphalien&quot;},
	[&quot;wer&quot;] = {&quot;Weri&quot;},
	[&quot;wes&quot;] = {&quot;Cameroon Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;wet&quot;] = {&quot;Perai&quot;},
	[&quot;weu&quot;] = {&quot;Rawngtu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;wew&quot;] = {&quot;Wejewa&quot;},
	[&quot;wfg&quot;] = {&quot;Yafi&quot;, &quot;Zorop&quot;},
	[&quot;wga&quot;] = {&quot;Wagaya&quot;},
	[&quot;wgb&quot;] = {&quot;Wagawaga&quot;},
	[&quot;wgg&quot;] = {&quot;Wangganguru&quot;},
	[&quot;wgi&quot;] = {&quot;Wahgi&quot;},
	[&quot;wgo&quot;] = {&quot;Waigeo&quot;},
	[&quot;wgu&quot;] = {&quot;Wirangu&quot;},
	[&quot;wgy&quot;] = {&quot;Warrgamay&quot;},
	[&quot;wha&quot;] = {&quot;Sou Upaa&quot;, &quot;Manusela&quot;},
	[&quot;whg&quot;] = {&quot;North Wahgi&quot;},
	[&quot;whk&quot;] = {&quot;Wahau Kenyah&quot;},
	[&quot;whu&quot;] = {&quot;Wahau Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;wib&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Toussian&quot;},
	[&quot;wic&quot;] = {&quot;Wichita&quot;},
	[&quot;wie&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Epa&quot;},
	[&quot;wif&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Keyangan&quot;},
	[&quot;wig&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Ngathana&quot;},
	[&quot;wih&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Me'anha&quot;},
	[&quot;wii&quot;] = {&quot;Minidien&quot;},
	[&quot;wij&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Iiyanh&quot;},
	[&quot;wik&quot;] = {&quot;Wikalkan&quot;},
	[&quot;wil&quot;] = {&quot;Wilawila&quot;},
	[&quot;wim&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Mungkan&quot;},
	[&quot;win&quot;] = {&quot;Ho-Chunk&quot;},
	[&quot;wir&quot;] = {&quot;Wiraféd&quot;},
	[&quot;wiu&quot;] = {&quot;Wiru&quot;},
	[&quot;wiv&quot;] = {&quot;Vitu&quot;},
	[&quot;wiy&quot;] = {&quot;Wiyot&quot;},
	[&quot;wja&quot;] = {&quot;Waja&quot;},
	[&quot;wji&quot;] = {&quot;Warji&quot;},
	[&quot;wka&quot;] = {&quot;Kw'adza&quot;},
	[&quot;wkb&quot;] = {&quot;Kumbaran&quot;},
	[&quot;wkd&quot;] = {&quot;Wakde&quot;, &quot;Mo&quot;},
	[&quot;wkl&quot;] = {&quot;Kalanadi&quot;},
	[&quot;wku&quot;] = {&quot;Kunduvadi&quot;},
	[&quot;wkw&quot;] = {&quot;Wakawaka&quot;},
	[&quot;wky&quot;] = {&quot;Wangkayutyuru&quot;},
	[&quot;wla&quot;] = {&quot;Walio&quot;},
	[&quot;wlc&quot;] = {&quot;Mwali Comorian&quot;},
	[&quot;wle&quot;] = {&quot;Wolane&quot;},
	[&quot;wlg&quot;] = {&quot;Kunbarlang&quot;},
	[&quot;wli&quot;] = {&quot;Waioli&quot;},
	[&quot;wlk&quot;] = {&quot;Wailaki&quot;},
	[&quot;wll&quot;] = {&quot;Wali (Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;wlm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Welsh&quot;},
	[&quot;wlo&quot;] = {&quot;Wolio&quot;},
	[&quot;wlr&quot;] = {&quot;Wailapa&quot;},
	[&quot;wls&quot;] = {&quot;Wallisian&quot;},
	[&quot;wlu&quot;] = {&quot;Wuliwuli&quot;},
	[&quot;wlv&quot;] = {&quot;Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz&quot;},
	[&quot;wlw&quot;] = {&quot;Walak&quot;},
	[&quot;wlx&quot;] = {&quot;Wali (Ghana)&quot;},
	[&quot;wly&quot;] = {&quot;Waling&quot;},
	[&quot;wma&quot;] = {&quot;Mawa (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;wmb&quot;] = {&quot;Wambaya&quot;},
	[&quot;wmc&quot;] = {&quot;Wamas&quot;},
	[&quot;wmd&quot;] = {&quot;Mamaindé&quot;},
	[&quot;wme&quot;] = {&quot;Wambule&quot;},
	[&quot;wmh&quot;] = {&quot;Waima'a&quot;},
	[&quot;wmi&quot;] = {&quot;Wamin&quot;},
	[&quot;wmm&quot;] = {&quot;Maiwa (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;wmn&quot;] = {&quot;Waamwang&quot;},
	[&quot;wmo&quot;] = {&quot;Wom (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;wms&quot;] = {&quot;Wambon&quot;},
	[&quot;wmt&quot;] = {&quot;Walmajarri&quot;},
	[&quot;wmw&quot;] = {&quot;Mwani&quot;},
	[&quot;wmx&quot;] = {&quot;Womo&quot;},
	[&quot;wnb&quot;] = {&quot;Wanambre&quot;},
	[&quot;wnc&quot;] = {&quot;Wantoat&quot;},
	[&quot;wnd&quot;] = {&quot;Wandarang&quot;},
	[&quot;wne&quot;] = {&quot;Waneci&quot;},
	[&quot;wng&quot;] = {&quot;Wanggom&quot;},
	[&quot;wni&quot;] = {&quot;Ndzwani Comorian&quot;},
	[&quot;wnk&quot;] = {&quot;Wanukaka&quot;},
	[&quot;wnm&quot;] = {&quot;Wanggamala&quot;},
	[&quot;wnn&quot;] = {&quot;Wunumara&quot;},
	[&quot;wno&quot;] = {&quot;Wano&quot;},
	[&quot;wnp&quot;] = {&quot;Wanap&quot;},
	[&quot;wnu&quot;] = {&quot;Usan&quot;},
	[&quot;wnw&quot;] = {&quot;Wintu&quot;},
	[&quot;wny&quot;] = {&quot;Wanyi&quot;},
	[&quot;woa&quot;] = {&quot;Tyaraity&quot;},
	[&quot;wob&quot;] = {&quot;Wè Northern&quot;},
	[&quot;woc&quot;] = {&quot;Wogeo&quot;},
	[&quot;wod&quot;] = {&quot;Wolani&quot;},
	[&quot;woe&quot;] = {&quot;Woleaian&quot;},
	[&quot;wof&quot;] = {&quot;Gambian Wolof&quot;},
	[&quot;wog&quot;] = {&quot;Wogamusin&quot;},
	[&quot;woi&quot;] = {&quot;Kamang&quot;},
	[&quot;wok&quot;] = {&quot;Longto&quot;},
	[&quot;wom&quot;] = {&quot;Wom (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;won&quot;] = {&quot;Wongo&quot;},
	[&quot;woo&quot;] = {&quot;Manombai&quot;},
	[&quot;wor&quot;] = {&quot;Woria&quot;},
	[&quot;wos&quot;] = {&quot;Hanga Hundi&quot;},
	[&quot;wow&quot;] = {&quot;Wawonii&quot;},
	[&quot;woy&quot;] = {&quot;Weyto&quot;},
	[&quot;wpc&quot;] = {&quot;Maco&quot;},
	[&quot;wra&quot;] = {&quot;Warapu&quot;},
	[&quot;wrb&quot;] = {&quot;Warluwara&quot;},
	[&quot;wrd&quot;] = {&quot;Warduji&quot;},
	[&quot;wrg&quot;] = {&quot;Warungu&quot;},
	[&quot;wrh&quot;] = {&quot;Wiradhuri&quot;},
	[&quot;wri&quot;] = {&quot;Wariyangga&quot;},
	[&quot;wrk&quot;] = {&quot;Garrwa&quot;},
	[&quot;wrl&quot;] = {&quot;Warlmanpa&quot;},
	[&quot;wrm&quot;] = {&quot;Warumungu&quot;},
	[&quot;wrn&quot;] = {&quot;Warnang&quot;},
	[&quot;wro&quot;] = {&quot;Worrorra&quot;},
	[&quot;wrp&quot;] = {&quot;Waropen&quot;},
	[&quot;wrr&quot;] = {&quot;Wardaman&quot;},
	[&quot;wrs&quot;] = {&quot;Waris&quot;},
	[&quot;wru&quot;] = {&quot;Waru&quot;},
	[&quot;wrv&quot;] = {&quot;Waruna&quot;},
	[&quot;wrw&quot;] = {&quot;Gugu Warra&quot;},
	[&quot;wrx&quot;] = {&quot;Wae Rana&quot;},
	[&quot;wry&quot;] = {&quot;Merwari&quot;},
	[&quot;wrz&quot;] = {&quot;Waray (Australia)&quot;},
	[&quot;wsa&quot;] = {&quot;Warembori&quot;},
	[&quot;wsg&quot;] = {&quot;Adilabad Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;wsi&quot;] = {&quot;Wusi&quot;},
	[&quot;wsk&quot;] = {&quot;Waskia&quot;},
	[&quot;wsr&quot;] = {&quot;Owenia&quot;},
	[&quot;wss&quot;] = {&quot;Wasa&quot;},
	[&quot;wsu&quot;] = {&quot;Wasu&quot;},
	[&quot;wsv&quot;] = {&quot;Wotapuri-Katarqalai&quot;},
	[&quot;wtf&quot;] = {&quot;Watiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;wth&quot;] = {&quot;Wathawurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;wti&quot;] = {&quot;Berta&quot;},
	[&quot;wtk&quot;] = {&quot;Watakataui&quot;},
	[&quot;wtm&quot;] = {&quot;Mewati&quot;},
	[&quot;wtw&quot;] = {&quot;Wotu&quot;},
	[&quot;wua&quot;] = {&quot;Wikngenchera&quot;},
	[&quot;wub&quot;] = {&quot;Wunambal&quot;},
	[&quot;wud&quot;] = {&quot;Wudu&quot;},
	[&quot;wuh&quot;] = {&quot;Wutunhua&quot;},
	[&quot;wul&quot;] = {&quot;Silimo&quot;},
	[&quot;wum&quot;] = {&quot;Wumbvu&quot;},
	[&quot;wun&quot;] = {&quot;Bungu&quot;},
	[&quot;wur&quot;] = {&quot;Wurrugu&quot;},
	[&quot;wut&quot;] = {&quot;Wutung&quot;},
	[&quot;wuu&quot;] = {&quot;Wu Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;wuv&quot;] = {&quot;Wuvulu-Aua&quot;},
	[&quot;wux&quot;] = {&quot;Wulna&quot;},
	[&quot;wuy&quot;] = {&quot;Wauyai&quot;},
	[&quot;wwa&quot;] = {&quot;Waama&quot;},
	[&quot;wwb&quot;] = {&quot;Wakabunga&quot;},
	[&quot;wwo&quot;] = {&quot;Wetamut&quot;, &quot;Dorig&quot;},
	[&quot;wwr&quot;] = {&quot;Warrwa&quot;},
	[&quot;www&quot;] = {&quot;Wawa&quot;},
	[&quot;wxa&quot;] = {&quot;Waxianghua&quot;},
	[&quot;wxw&quot;] = {&quot;Wardandi&quot;},
	[&quot;wya&quot;] = {&quot;Wyandot&quot;},
	[&quot;wyb&quot;] = {&quot;Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa&quot;},
	[&quot;wyi&quot;] = {&quot;Woiwurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;wym&quot;] = {&quot;Wymysorys&quot;},
	[&quot;wyr&quot;] = {&quot;Wayoró&quot;},
	[&quot;wyy&quot;] = {&quot;Western Fijian&quot;},
	[&quot;xaa&quot;] = {&quot;Andalusian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;xab&quot;] = {&quot;Sambe&quot;},
	[&quot;xac&quot;] = {&quot;Kachari&quot;},
	[&quot;xad&quot;] = {&quot;Adai&quot;},
	[&quot;xae&quot;] = {&quot;Aequian&quot;},
	[&quot;xag&quot;] = {&quot;Aghwan&quot;},
	[&quot;xai&quot;] = {&quot;Kaimbé&quot;},
	[&quot;xaj&quot;] = {&quot;Ararandewára&quot;},
	[&quot;xak&quot;] = {&quot;Máku&quot;},
	[&quot;xal&quot;] = {&quot;Kalmyk&quot;, &quot;Oirat&quot;},
	[&quot;xam&quot;] = {&quot;/Xam&quot;, &quot;ǀXam&quot;},
	[&quot;xan&quot;] = {&quot;Xamtanga&quot;},
	[&quot;xao&quot;] = {&quot;Khao&quot;},
	[&quot;xap&quot;] = {&quot;Apalachee&quot;},
	[&quot;xaq&quot;] = {&quot;Aquitanian&quot;},
	[&quot;xar&quot;] = {&quot;Karami&quot;},
	[&quot;xas&quot;] = {&quot;Kamas&quot;},
	[&quot;xat&quot;] = {&quot;Katawixi&quot;},
	[&quot;xau&quot;] = {&quot;Kauwera&quot;},
	[&quot;xav&quot;] = {&quot;Xavánte&quot;},
	[&quot;xaw&quot;] = {&quot;Kawaiisu&quot;},
	[&quot;xay&quot;] = {&quot;Kayan Mahakam&quot;},
	[&quot;xbb&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Burdekin&quot;},
	[&quot;xbc&quot;] = {&quot;Bactrian&quot;},
	[&quot;xbd&quot;] = {&quot;Bindal&quot;},
	[&quot;xbe&quot;] = {&quot;Bigambal&quot;},
	[&quot;xbg&quot;] = {&quot;Bunganditj&quot;},
	[&quot;xbi&quot;] = {&quot;Kombio&quot;},
	[&quot;xbj&quot;] = {&quot;Birrpayi&quot;},
	[&quot;xbm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Breton&quot;},
	[&quot;xbn&quot;] = {&quot;Kenaboi&quot;},
	[&quot;xbo&quot;] = {&quot;Bolgarian&quot;},
	[&quot;xbp&quot;] = {&quot;Bibbulman&quot;},
	[&quot;xbr&quot;] = {&quot;Kambera&quot;},
	[&quot;xbw&quot;] = {&quot;Kambiwá&quot;},
	[&quot;xby&quot;] = {&quot;Batyala&quot;},
	[&quot;xcb&quot;] = {&quot;Cumbric&quot;},
	[&quot;xcc&quot;] = {&quot;Camunic&quot;},
	[&quot;xce&quot;] = {&quot;Celtiberian&quot;},
	[&quot;xcg&quot;] = {&quot;Cisalpine Gaulish&quot;},
	[&quot;xch&quot;] = {&quot;Chemakum&quot;, &quot;Chimakum&quot;},
	[&quot;xcl&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Armenian&quot;},
	[&quot;xcm&quot;] = {&quot;Comecrudo&quot;},
	[&quot;xcn&quot;] = {&quot;Cotoname&quot;},
	[&quot;xco&quot;] = {&quot;Chorasmian&quot;},
	[&quot;xcr&quot;] = {&quot;Carian&quot;},
	[&quot;xct&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;xcu&quot;] = {&quot;Curonian&quot;},
	[&quot;xcv&quot;] = {&quot;Chuvantsy&quot;},
	[&quot;xcw&quot;] = {&quot;Coahuilteco&quot;},
	[&quot;xcy&quot;] = {&quot;Cayuse&quot;},
	[&quot;xda&quot;] = {&quot;Darkinyung&quot;},
	[&quot;xdc&quot;] = {&quot;Dacian&quot;},
	[&quot;xdk&quot;] = {&quot;Dharuk&quot;},
	[&quot;xdm&quot;] = {&quot;Edomite&quot;},
	[&quot;xdo&quot;] = {&quot;Kwandu&quot;},
	[&quot;xdy&quot;] = {&quot;Malayic Dayak&quot;},
	[&quot;xeb&quot;] = {&quot;Eblan&quot;},
	[&quot;xed&quot;] = {&quot;Hdi&quot;},
	[&quot;xeg&quot;] = {&quot;//Xegwi&quot;, &quot;ǁXegwi&quot;},
	[&quot;xel&quot;] = {&quot;Kelo&quot;},
	[&quot;xem&quot;] = {&quot;Kembayan&quot;},
	[&quot;xep&quot;] = {&quot;Epi-Olmec&quot;},
	[&quot;xer&quot;] = {&quot;Xerénte&quot;},
	[&quot;xes&quot;] = {&quot;Kesawai&quot;},
	[&quot;xet&quot;] = {&quot;Xetá&quot;},
	[&quot;xeu&quot;] = {&quot;Keoru-Ahia&quot;},
	[&quot;xfa&quot;] = {&quot;Faliscan&quot;},
	[&quot;xga&quot;] = {&quot;Galatian&quot;},
	[&quot;xgb&quot;] = {&quot;Gbin&quot;},
	[&quot;xgd&quot;] = {&quot;Gudang&quot;},
	[&quot;xgf&quot;] = {&quot;Gabrielino-Fernandeño&quot;},
	[&quot;xgg&quot;] = {&quot;Goreng&quot;},
	[&quot;xgi&quot;] = {&quot;Garingbal&quot;},
	[&quot;xgl&quot;] = {&quot;Galindan&quot;},
	[&quot;xgm&quot;] = {&quot;Dharumbal&quot;, &quot;Guwinmal&quot;},
	[&quot;xgn&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolian languages&quot;},
	[&quot;xgr&quot;] = {&quot;Garza&quot;},
	[&quot;xgu&quot;] = {&quot;Unggumi&quot;},
	[&quot;xgw&quot;] = {&quot;Guwa&quot;},
	[&quot;xha&quot;] = {&quot;Harami&quot;},
	[&quot;xhc&quot;] = {&quot;Hunnic&quot;},
	[&quot;xhd&quot;] = {&quot;Hadrami&quot;},
	[&quot;xhe&quot;] = {&quot;Khetrani&quot;},
	[&quot;xhr&quot;] = {&quot;Hernican&quot;},
	[&quot;xht&quot;] = {&quot;Hattic&quot;},
	[&quot;xhu&quot;] = {&quot;Hurrian&quot;},
	[&quot;xhv&quot;] = {&quot;Khua&quot;},
	[&quot;xib&quot;] = {&quot;Iberian&quot;},
	[&quot;xii&quot;] = {&quot;Xiri&quot;},
	[&quot;xil&quot;] = {&quot;Illyrian&quot;},
	[&quot;xin&quot;] = {&quot;Xinca&quot;},
	[&quot;xir&quot;] = {&quot;Xiriâna&quot;},
	[&quot;xis&quot;] = {&quot;Kisan&quot;},
	[&quot;xiv&quot;] = {&quot;Indus Valley Language&quot;},
	[&quot;xiy&quot;] = {&quot;Xipaya&quot;},
	[&quot;xjb&quot;] = {&quot;Minjungbal&quot;},
	[&quot;xjt&quot;] = {&quot;Jaitmatang&quot;},
	[&quot;xka&quot;] = {&quot;Kalkoti&quot;},
	[&quot;xkb&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Nago&quot;},
	[&quot;xkc&quot;] = {&quot;Kho'ini&quot;},
	[&quot;xkd&quot;] = {&quot;Mendalam Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;xke&quot;] = {&quot;Kereho&quot;},
	[&quot;xkf&quot;] = {&quot;Khengkha&quot;},
	[&quot;xkg&quot;] = {&quot;Kagoro&quot;},
	[&quot;xki&quot;] = {&quot;Kenyan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;xkj&quot;] = {&quot;Kajali&quot;},
	[&quot;xkk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaco'&quot;},
	[&quot;xkl&quot;] = {&quot;Mainstream Kenyah&quot;},
	[&quot;xkn&quot;] = {&quot;Kayan River Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;xko&quot;] = {&quot;Kiorr&quot;},
	[&quot;xkp&quot;] = {&quot;Kabatei&quot;},
	[&quot;xkq&quot;] = {&quot;Koroni&quot;},
	[&quot;xkr&quot;] = {&quot;Xakriabá&quot;},
	[&quot;xks&quot;] = {&quot;Kumbewaha&quot;},
	[&quot;xkt&quot;] = {&quot;Kantosi&quot;},
	[&quot;xku&quot;] = {&quot;Kaamba&quot;},
	[&quot;xkv&quot;] = {&quot;Kgalagadi&quot;},
	[&quot;xkw&quot;] = {&quot;Kembra&quot;},
	[&quot;xkx&quot;] = {&quot;Karore&quot;},
	[&quot;xky&quot;] = {&quot;Uma' Lasan&quot;},
	[&quot;xkz&quot;] = {&quot;Kurtokha&quot;},
	[&quot;xla&quot;] = {&quot;Kamula&quot;},
	[&quot;xlb&quot;] = {&quot;Loup B&quot;},
	[&quot;xlc&quot;] = {&quot;Lycian&quot;},
	[&quot;xld&quot;] = {&quot;Lydian&quot;},
	[&quot;xle&quot;] = {&quot;Lemnian&quot;},
	[&quot;xlg&quot;] = {&quot;Ligurian (Ancient)&quot;},
	[&quot;xli&quot;] = {&quot;Liburnian&quot;},
	[&quot;xln&quot;] = {&quot;Alanic&quot;},
	[&quot;xlo&quot;] = {&quot;Loup A&quot;},
	[&quot;xlp&quot;] = {&quot;Lepontic&quot;},
	[&quot;xls&quot;] = {&quot;Lusitanian&quot;},
	[&quot;xlu&quot;] = {&quot;Cuneiform Luwian&quot;},
	[&quot;xly&quot;] = {&quot;Elymian&quot;},
	[&quot;xma&quot;] = {&quot;Mushungulu&quot;},
	[&quot;xmb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbonga&quot;},
	[&quot;xmc&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Marrevone&quot;},
	[&quot;xmd&quot;] = {&quot;Mbudum&quot;},
	[&quot;xme&quot;] = {&quot;Median&quot;},
	[&quot;xmf&quot;] = {&quot;Mingrelian&quot;},
	[&quot;xmg&quot;] = {&quot;Mengaka&quot;},
	[&quot;xmh&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Muminh&quot;},
	[&quot;xmj&quot;] = {&quot;Majera&quot;},
	[&quot;xmk&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Macedonian&quot;},
	[&quot;xml&quot;] = {&quot;Malaysian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;xmm&quot;] = {&quot;Manado Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;xmn&quot;] = {&quot;Manichaean Middle Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;xmo&quot;] = {&quot;Morerebi&quot;},
	[&quot;xmp&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Mu'inh&quot;},
	[&quot;xmq&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Mangk&quot;},
	[&quot;xmr&quot;] = {&quot;Meroitic&quot;},
	[&quot;xms&quot;] = {&quot;Moroccan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;xmt&quot;] = {&quot;Matbat&quot;},
	[&quot;xmu&quot;] = {&quot;Kamu&quot;},
	[&quot;xmv&quot;] = {&quot;Antankarana Malagasy&quot;, &quot;Tankarana Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;xmw&quot;] = {&quot;Tsimihety Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;xmx&quot;] = {&quot;Maden&quot;},
	[&quot;xmy&quot;] = {&quot;Mayaguduna&quot;},
	[&quot;xmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mori Bawah&quot;},
	[&quot;xna&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient North Arabian&quot;},
	[&quot;xnb&quot;] = {&quot;Kanakanabu&quot;},
	[&quot;xnd&quot;] = {&quot;Na-Dene languages&quot;},
	[&quot;xng&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;xnh&quot;] = {&quot;Kuanhua&quot;},
	[&quot;xni&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarigu&quot;},
	[&quot;xnk&quot;] = {&quot;Nganakarti&quot;},
	[&quot;xnn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Kankanay&quot;},
	[&quot;xno&quot;] = {&quot;Anglo-Norman&quot;},
	[&quot;xnr&quot;] = {&quot;Kangri&quot;},
	[&quot;xns&quot;] = {&quot;Kanashi&quot;},
	[&quot;xnt&quot;] = {&quot;Narragansett&quot;},
	[&quot;xnu&quot;] = {&quot;Nukunul&quot;},
	[&quot;xny&quot;] = {&quot;Nyiyaparli&quot;},
	[&quot;xnz&quot;] = {&quot;Kenzi&quot;, &quot;Mattoki&quot;},
	[&quot;xoc&quot;] = {&quot;O'chi'chi'&quot;},
	[&quot;xod&quot;] = {&quot;Kokoda&quot;},
	[&quot;xog&quot;] = {&quot;Soga&quot;},
	[&quot;xoi&quot;] = {&quot;Kominimung&quot;},
	[&quot;xok&quot;] = {&quot;Xokleng&quot;},
	[&quot;xom&quot;] = {&quot;Komo (Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;xon&quot;] = {&quot;Konkomba&quot;},
	[&quot;xoo&quot;] = {&quot;Xukurú&quot;},
	[&quot;xop&quot;] = {&quot;Kopar&quot;},
	[&quot;xor&quot;] = {&quot;Korubo&quot;},
	[&quot;xow&quot;] = {&quot;Kowaki&quot;},
	[&quot;xpa&quot;] = {&quot;Pirriya&quot;},
	[&quot;xpc&quot;] = {&quot;Pecheneg&quot;},
	[&quot;xpe&quot;] = {&quot;Liberia Kpelle&quot;},
	[&quot;xpg&quot;] = {&quot;Phrygian&quot;},
	[&quot;xpi&quot;] = {&quot;Pictish&quot;},
	[&quot;xpj&quot;] = {&quot;Mpalitjanh&quot;},
	[&quot;xpk&quot;] = {&quot;Kulina Pano&quot;},
	[&quot;xpm&quot;] = {&quot;Pumpokol&quot;},
	[&quot;xpn&quot;] = {&quot;Kapinawá&quot;},
	[&quot;xpo&quot;] = {&quot;Pochutec&quot;},
	[&quot;xpp&quot;] = {&quot;Puyo-Paekche&quot;},
	[&quot;xpq&quot;] = {&quot;Mohegan-Pequot&quot;},
	[&quot;xpr&quot;] = {&quot;Parthian&quot;},
	[&quot;xps&quot;] = {&quot;Pisidian&quot;},
	[&quot;xpt&quot;] = {&quot;Punthamara&quot;},
	[&quot;xpu&quot;] = {&quot;Punic&quot;},
	[&quot;xpy&quot;] = {&quot;Puyo&quot;},
	[&quot;xqa&quot;] = {&quot;Karakhanid&quot;},
	[&quot;xqt&quot;] = {&quot;Qatabanian&quot;},
	[&quot;xra&quot;] = {&quot;Krahô&quot;},
	[&quot;xrb&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Karaboro&quot;},
	[&quot;xrd&quot;] = {&quot;Gundungurra&quot;},
	[&quot;xre&quot;] = {&quot;Kreye&quot;},
	[&quot;xrg&quot;] = {&quot;Minang&quot;},
	[&quot;xri&quot;] = {&quot;Krikati-Timbira&quot;},
	[&quot;xrm&quot;] = {&quot;Armazic&quot;},
	[&quot;xrn&quot;] = {&quot;Arin&quot;},
	[&quot;xrq&quot;] = {&quot;Karranga&quot;},
	[&quot;xrr&quot;] = {&quot;Raetic&quot;},
	[&quot;xrt&quot;] = {&quot;Aranama-Tamique&quot;},
	[&quot;xru&quot;] = {&quot;Marriammu&quot;},
	[&quot;xrw&quot;] = {&quot;Karawa&quot;},
	[&quot;xsa&quot;] = {&quot;Sabaean&quot;},
	[&quot;xsb&quot;] = {&quot;Sambal&quot;},
	[&quot;xsc&quot;] = {&quot;Scythian&quot;},
	[&quot;xsd&quot;] = {&quot;Sidetic&quot;},
	[&quot;xse&quot;] = {&quot;Sempan&quot;},
	[&quot;xsh&quot;] = {&quot;Shamang&quot;},
	[&quot;xsi&quot;] = {&quot;Sio&quot;},
	[&quot;xsl&quot;] = {&quot;South Slavey&quot;},
	[&quot;xsm&quot;] = {&quot;Kasem&quot;},
	[&quot;xsn&quot;] = {&quot;Sanga (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;xso&quot;] = {&quot;Solano&quot;},
	[&quot;xsp&quot;] = {&quot;Silopi&quot;},
	[&quot;xsq&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Saka&quot;},
	[&quot;xsr&quot;] = {&quot;Sherpa&quot;},
	[&quot;xss&quot;] = {&quot;Assan&quot;},
	[&quot;xsu&quot;] = {&quot;Sanumá&quot;},
	[&quot;xsv&quot;] = {&quot;Sudovian&quot;},
	[&quot;xsy&quot;] = {&quot;Saisiyat&quot;},
	[&quot;xta&quot;] = {&quot;Alcozauca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtb&quot;] = {&quot;Chazumba Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtc&quot;] = {&quot;Katcha-Kadugli-Miri&quot;},
	[&quot;xtd&quot;] = {&quot;Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xte&quot;] = {&quot;Ketengban&quot;},
	[&quot;xtg&quot;] = {&quot;Transalpine Gaulish&quot;},
	[&quot;xth&quot;] = {&quot;Yitha Yitha&quot;},
	[&quot;xti&quot;] = {&quot;Sinicahua Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtj&quot;] = {&quot;San Juan Teita Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtl&quot;] = {&quot;Tijaltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtm&quot;] = {&quot;Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xto&quot;] = {&quot;Tokharian A&quot;},
	[&quot;xtp&quot;] = {&quot;San Miguel Piedras Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtq&quot;] = {&quot;Tumshuqese&quot;},
	[&quot;xtr&quot;] = {&quot;Early Tripuri&quot;},
	[&quot;xts&quot;] = {&quot;Sindihui Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtt&quot;] = {&quot;Tacahua Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtu&quot;] = {&quot;Cuyamecalco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtv&quot;] = {&quot;Thawa&quot;},
	[&quot;xtw&quot;] = {&quot;Tawandê&quot;},
	[&quot;xty&quot;] = {&quot;Yoloxochitl Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtz&quot;] = {&quot;Tasmanian&quot;},
	[&quot;xua&quot;] = {&quot;Alu Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;xub&quot;] = {&quot;Betta Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;xud&quot;] = {&quot;Umiida&quot;},
	[&quot;xug&quot;] = {&quot;Kunigami&quot;},
	[&quot;xuj&quot;] = {&quot;Jennu Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;xul&quot;] = {&quot;Ngunawal&quot;},
	[&quot;xum&quot;] = {&quot;Umbrian&quot;},
	[&quot;xun&quot;] = {&quot;Unggaranggu&quot;},
	[&quot;xuo&quot;] = {&quot;Kuo&quot;},
	[&quot;xup&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Umpqua&quot;},
	[&quot;xur&quot;] = {&quot;Urartian&quot;},
	[&quot;xut&quot;] = {&quot;Kuthant&quot;},
	[&quot;xuu&quot;] = {&quot;Kxoe&quot;, &quot;Khwedam&quot;},
	[&quot;xve&quot;] = {&quot;Venetic&quot;},
	[&quot;xvi&quot;] = {&quot;Kamviri&quot;},
	[&quot;xvn&quot;] = {&quot;Vandalic&quot;},
	[&quot;xvo&quot;] = {&quot;Volscian&quot;},
	[&quot;xvs&quot;] = {&quot;Vestinian&quot;},
	[&quot;xwa&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaza&quot;},
	[&quot;xwc&quot;] = {&quot;Woccon&quot;},
	[&quot;xwd&quot;] = {&quot;Wadi Wadi&quot;},
	[&quot;xwe&quot;] = {&quot;Xwela Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;xwg&quot;] = {&quot;Kwegu&quot;},
	[&quot;xwj&quot;] = {&quot;Wajuk&quot;},
	[&quot;xwk&quot;] = {&quot;Wangkumara&quot;},
	[&quot;xwl&quot;] = {&quot;Western Xwla Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;xwo&quot;] = {&quot;Written Oirat&quot;},
	[&quot;xwr&quot;] = {&quot;Kwerba Mamberamo&quot;},
	[&quot;xwt&quot;] = {&quot;Wotjobaluk&quot;},
	[&quot;xww&quot;] = {&quot;Wemba Wemba&quot;},
	[&quot;xxb&quot;] = {&quot;Boro (Ghana)&quot;},
	[&quot;xxk&quot;] = {&quot;Ke'o&quot;},
	[&quot;xxm&quot;] = {&quot;Minkin&quot;},
	[&quot;xxr&quot;] = {&quot;Koropó&quot;},
	[&quot;xxt&quot;] = {&quot;Tambora&quot;},
	[&quot;xya&quot;] = {&quot;Yaygir&quot;},
	[&quot;xyb&quot;] = {&quot;Yandjibara&quot;},
	[&quot;xyj&quot;] = {&quot;Mayi-Yapi&quot;},
	[&quot;xyk&quot;] = {&quot;Mayi-Kulan&quot;},
	[&quot;xyl&quot;] = {&quot;Yalakalore&quot;},
	[&quot;xyt&quot;] = {&quot;Mayi-Thakurti&quot;},
	[&quot;xyy&quot;] = {&quot;Yorta Yorta&quot;},
	[&quot;xzh&quot;] = {&quot;Zhang-Zhung&quot;},
	[&quot;xzm&quot;] = {&quot;Zemgalian&quot;},
	[&quot;xzp&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;yaa&quot;] = {&quot;Yaminahua&quot;},
	[&quot;yab&quot;] = {&quot;Yuhup&quot;},
	[&quot;yac&quot;] = {&quot;Pass Valley Yali&quot;},
	[&quot;yad&quot;] = {&quot;Yagua&quot;},
	[&quot;yae&quot;] = {&quot;Pumé&quot;},
	[&quot;yaf&quot;] = {&quot;Yaka (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;yag&quot;] = {&quot;Yámana&quot;},
	[&quot;yah&quot;] = {&quot;Yazgulyam&quot;},
	[&quot;yai&quot;] = {&quot;Yagnobi&quot;},
	[&quot;yaj&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Yangere&quot;},
	[&quot;yak&quot;] = {&quot;Yakama&quot;},
	[&quot;yal&quot;] = {&quot;Yalunka&quot;},
	[&quot;yam&quot;] = {&quot;Yamba&quot;},
	[&quot;yan&quot;] = {&quot;Mayangna&quot;},
	[&quot;yao&quot;] = {&quot;Yao&quot;},
	[&quot;yap&quot;] = {&quot;Yapese&quot;},
	[&quot;yaq&quot;] = {&quot;Yaqui&quot;},
	[&quot;yar&quot;] = {&quot;Yabarana&quot;},
	[&quot;yas&quot;] = {&quot;Nugunu (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;yat&quot;] = {&quot;Yambeta&quot;},
	[&quot;yau&quot;] = {&quot;Yuwana&quot;},
	[&quot;yav&quot;] = {&quot;Yangben&quot;},
	[&quot;yaw&quot;] = {&quot;Yawalapití&quot;},
	[&quot;yax&quot;] = {&quot;Yauma&quot;},
	[&quot;yay&quot;] = {&quot;Agwagwune&quot;},
	[&quot;yaz&quot;] = {&quot;Lokaa&quot;},
	[&quot;yba&quot;] = {&quot;Yala&quot;},
	[&quot;ybb&quot;] = {&quot;Yemba&quot;},
	[&quot;ybe&quot;] = {&quot;West Yugur&quot;},
	[&quot;ybh&quot;] = {&quot;Yakha&quot;},
	[&quot;ybi&quot;] = {&quot;Yamphu&quot;},
	[&quot;ybj&quot;] = {&quot;Hasha&quot;},
	[&quot;ybk&quot;] = {&quot;Bokha&quot;},
	[&quot;ybl&quot;] = {&quot;Yukuben&quot;},
	[&quot;ybm&quot;] = {&quot;Yaben&quot;},
	[&quot;ybn&quot;] = {&quot;Yabaâna&quot;},
	[&quot;ybo&quot;] = {&quot;Yabong&quot;},
	[&quot;ybx&quot;] = {&quot;Yawiyo&quot;},
	[&quot;yby&quot;] = {&quot;Yaweyuha&quot;},
	[&quot;ych&quot;] = {&quot;Chesu&quot;},
	[&quot;ycl&quot;] = {&quot;Lolopo&quot;},
	[&quot;ycn&quot;] = {&quot;Yucuna&quot;},
	[&quot;ycp&quot;] = {&quot;Chepya&quot;},
	[&quot;yda&quot;] = {&quot;Yanda&quot;},
	[&quot;ydd&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Yiddish&quot;},
	[&quot;yde&quot;] = {&quot;Yangum Dey&quot;},
	[&quot;ydg&quot;] = {&quot;Yidgha&quot;},
	[&quot;ydk&quot;] = {&quot;Yoidik&quot;},
	[&quot;yea&quot;] = {&quot;Ravula&quot;},
	[&quot;yec&quot;] = {&quot;Yeniche&quot;},
	[&quot;yee&quot;] = {&quot;Yimas&quot;},
	[&quot;yei&quot;] = {&quot;Yeni&quot;},
	[&quot;yej&quot;] = {&quot;Yevanic&quot;},
	[&quot;yel&quot;] = {&quot;Yela&quot;},
	[&quot;yer&quot;] = {&quot;Tarok&quot;},
	[&quot;yes&quot;] = {&quot;Nyankpa&quot;},
	[&quot;yet&quot;] = {&quot;Yetfa&quot;},
	[&quot;yeu&quot;] = {&quot;Yerukula&quot;},
	[&quot;yev&quot;] = {&quot;Yapunda&quot;},
	[&quot;yey&quot;] = {&quot;Yeyi&quot;},
	[&quot;yga&quot;] = {&quot;Malyangapa&quot;},
	[&quot;ygi&quot;] = {&quot;Yiningayi&quot;},
	[&quot;ygl&quot;] = {&quot;Yangum Gel&quot;},
	[&quot;ygm&quot;] = {&quot;Yagomi&quot;},
	[&quot;ygp&quot;] = {&quot;Gepo&quot;},
	[&quot;ygr&quot;] = {&quot;Yagaria&quot;},
	[&quot;ygs&quot;] = {&quot;Yolŋu Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ygu&quot;] = {&quot;Yugul&quot;},
	[&quot;ygw&quot;] = {&quot;Yagwoia&quot;},
	[&quot;yha&quot;] = {&quot;Baha Buyang&quot;},
	[&quot;yhd&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Iraqi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;yhl&quot;] = {&quot;Hlepho Phowa&quot;},
	[&quot;yhs&quot;] = {&quot;Yan-nhaŋu Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;yia&quot;] = {&quot;Yinggarda&quot;},
	[&quot;yif&quot;] = {&quot;Ache&quot;},
	[&quot;yig&quot;] = {&quot;Wusa Nasu&quot;},
	[&quot;yih&quot;] = {&quot;Western Yiddish&quot;},
	[&quot;yii&quot;] = {&quot;Yidiny&quot;},
	[&quot;yij&quot;] = {&quot;Yindjibarndi&quot;},
	[&quot;yik&quot;] = {&quot;Dongshanba Lalo&quot;},
	[&quot;yil&quot;] = {&quot;Yindjilandji&quot;},
	[&quot;yim&quot;] = {&quot;Yimchungru Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;yin&quot;] = {&quot;Yinchia&quot;},
	[&quot;yip&quot;] = {&quot;Pholo&quot;},
	[&quot;yiq&quot;] = {&quot;Miqie&quot;},
	[&quot;yir&quot;] = {&quot;North Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;yis&quot;] = {&quot;Yis&quot;},
	[&quot;yit&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Lalu&quot;},
	[&quot;yiu&quot;] = {&quot;Awu&quot;},
	[&quot;yiv&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;yix&quot;] = {&quot;Axi Yi&quot;},
	[&quot;yiz&quot;] = {&quot;Azhe&quot;},
	[&quot;yka&quot;] = {&quot;Yakan&quot;},
	[&quot;ykg&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Yukaghir&quot;},
	[&quot;yki&quot;] = {&quot;Yoke&quot;},
	[&quot;ykk&quot;] = {&quot;Yakaikeke&quot;},
	[&quot;ykl&quot;] = {&quot;Khlula&quot;},
	[&quot;ykm&quot;] = {&quot;Kap&quot;},
	[&quot;ykn&quot;] = {&quot;Kua-nsi&quot;},
	[&quot;yko&quot;] = {&quot;Yasa&quot;},
	[&quot;ykr&quot;] = {&quot;Yekora&quot;},
	[&quot;ykt&quot;] = {&quot;Kathu&quot;},
	[&quot;yku&quot;] = {&quot;Kuamasi&quot;},
	[&quot;yky&quot;] = {&quot;Yakoma&quot;},
	[&quot;yla&quot;] = {&quot;Yaul&quot;},
	[&quot;ylb&quot;] = {&quot;Yaleba&quot;},
	[&quot;yle&quot;] = {&quot;Yele&quot;},
	[&quot;ylg&quot;] = {&quot;Yelogu&quot;},
	[&quot;yli&quot;] = {&quot;Angguruk Yali&quot;},
	[&quot;yll&quot;] = {&quot;Yil&quot;},
	[&quot;ylm&quot;] = {&quot;Limi&quot;},
	[&quot;yln&quot;] = {&quot;Langnian Buyang&quot;},
	[&quot;ylo&quot;] = {&quot;Naluo Yi&quot;},
	[&quot;ylr&quot;] = {&quot;Yalarnnga&quot;},
	[&quot;ylu&quot;] = {&quot;Aribwaung&quot;},
	[&quot;yly&quot;] = {&quot;Nyâlayu&quot;, &quot;Nyelâyu&quot;},
	[&quot;ymb&quot;] = {&quot;Yambes&quot;},
	[&quot;ymc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Muji&quot;},
	[&quot;ymd&quot;] = {&quot;Muda&quot;},
	[&quot;yme&quot;] = {&quot;Yameo&quot;},
	[&quot;ymg&quot;] = {&quot;Yamongeri&quot;},
	[&quot;ymh&quot;] = {&quot;Mili&quot;},
	[&quot;ymi&quot;] = {&quot;Moji&quot;},
	[&quot;ymk&quot;] = {&quot;Makwe&quot;},
	[&quot;yml&quot;] = {&quot;Iamalele&quot;},
	[&quot;ymm&quot;] = {&quot;Maay&quot;},
	[&quot;ymn&quot;] = {&quot;Yamna&quot;, &quot;Sunum&quot;},
	[&quot;ymo&quot;] = {&quot;Yangum Mon&quot;},
	[&quot;ymp&quot;] = {&quot;Yamap&quot;},
	[&quot;ymq&quot;] = {&quot;Qila Muji&quot;},
	[&quot;ymr&quot;] = {&quot;Malasar&quot;},
	[&quot;yms&quot;] = {&quot;Mysian&quot;},
	[&quot;ymx&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Muji&quot;},
	[&quot;ymz&quot;] = {&quot;Muzi&quot;},
	[&quot;yna&quot;] = {&quot;Aluo&quot;},
	[&quot;ynd&quot;] = {&quot;Yandruwandha&quot;},
	[&quot;yne&quot;] = {&quot;Lang'e&quot;},
	[&quot;yng&quot;] = {&quot;Yango&quot;},
	[&quot;ynk&quot;] = {&quot;Naukan Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;ynl&quot;] = {&quot;Yangulam&quot;},
	[&quot;ynn&quot;] = {&quot;Yana&quot;},
	[&quot;yno&quot;] = {&quot;Yong&quot;},
	[&quot;ynq&quot;] = {&quot;Yendang&quot;},
	[&quot;yns&quot;] = {&quot;Yansi&quot;},
	[&quot;ynu&quot;] = {&quot;Yahuna&quot;},
	[&quot;yob&quot;] = {&quot;Yoba&quot;},
	[&quot;yog&quot;] = {&quot;Yogad&quot;},
	[&quot;yoi&quot;] = {&quot;Yonaguni&quot;},
	[&quot;yok&quot;] = {&quot;Yokuts&quot;},
	[&quot;yol&quot;] = {&quot;Yola&quot;},
	[&quot;yom&quot;] = {&quot;Yombe&quot;},
	[&quot;yon&quot;] = {&quot;Yongkom&quot;},
	[&quot;yot&quot;] = {&quot;Yotti&quot;},
	[&quot;yox&quot;] = {&quot;Yoron&quot;},
	[&quot;yoy&quot;] = {&quot;Yoy&quot;},
	[&quot;ypa&quot;] = {&quot;Phala&quot;},
	[&quot;ypb&quot;] = {&quot;Labo Phowa&quot;},
	[&quot;ypg&quot;] = {&quot;Phola&quot;},
	[&quot;yph&quot;] = {&quot;Phupha&quot;},
	[&quot;ypk&quot;] = {&quot;Yupik languages&quot;},
	[&quot;ypm&quot;] = {&quot;Phuma&quot;},
	[&quot;ypn&quot;] = {&quot;Ani Phowa&quot;},
	[&quot;ypo&quot;] = {&quot;Alo Phola&quot;},
	[&quot;ypp&quot;] = {&quot;Phupa&quot;},
	[&quot;ypz&quot;] = {&quot;Phuza&quot;},
	[&quot;yra&quot;] = {&quot;Yerakai&quot;},
	[&quot;yrb&quot;] = {&quot;Yareba&quot;},
	[&quot;yre&quot;] = {&quot;Yaouré&quot;},
	[&quot;yrk&quot;] = {&quot;Nenets&quot;},
	[&quot;yrl&quot;] = {&quot;Nhengatu&quot;},
	[&quot;yrm&quot;] = {&quot;Yirrk-Mel&quot;},
	[&quot;yrn&quot;] = {&quot;Yerong&quot;},
	[&quot;yro&quot;] = {&quot;Yaroamë&quot;},
	[&quot;yrs&quot;] = {&quot;Yarsun&quot;},
	[&quot;yrw&quot;] = {&quot;Yarawata&quot;},
	[&quot;yry&quot;] = {&quot;Yarluyandi&quot;},
	[&quot;ysc&quot;] = {&quot;Yassic&quot;},
	[&quot;ysd&quot;] = {&quot;Samatao&quot;},
	[&quot;ysg&quot;] = {&quot;Sonaga&quot;},
	[&quot;ysl&quot;] = {&quot;Yugoslavian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ysn&quot;] = {&quot;Sani&quot;},
	[&quot;yso&quot;] = {&quot;Nisi (China)&quot;},
	[&quot;ysp&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Lolopo&quot;},
	[&quot;ysr&quot;] = {&quot;Sirenik Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;yss&quot;] = {&quot;Yessan-Mayo&quot;},
	[&quot;ysy&quot;] = {&quot;Sanie&quot;},
	[&quot;yta&quot;] = {&quot;Talu&quot;},
	[&quot;ytl&quot;] = {&quot;Tanglang&quot;},
	[&quot;ytp&quot;] = {&quot;Thopho&quot;},
	[&quot;ytw&quot;] = {&quot;Yout Wam&quot;},
	[&quot;yty&quot;] = {&quot;Yatay&quot;},
	[&quot;yua&quot;] = {&quot;Yucateco&quot;, &quot;Yucatec Maya&quot;},
	[&quot;yub&quot;] = {&quot;Yugambal&quot;},
	[&quot;yuc&quot;] = {&quot;Yuchi&quot;},
	[&quot;yud&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;yue&quot;] = {&quot;Yue Chinese&quot;, &quot;Cantonese&quot;},
	[&quot;yuf&quot;] = {&quot;Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai&quot;},
	[&quot;yug&quot;] = {&quot;Yug&quot;},
	[&quot;yui&quot;] = {&quot;Yurutí&quot;},
	[&quot;yuj&quot;] = {&quot;Karkar-Yuri&quot;},
	[&quot;yuk&quot;] = {&quot;Yuki&quot;},
	[&quot;yul&quot;] = {&quot;Yulu&quot;},
	[&quot;yum&quot;] = {&quot;Quechan&quot;},
	[&quot;yun&quot;] = {&quot;Bena (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;yup&quot;] = {&quot;Yukpa&quot;},
	[&quot;yuq&quot;] = {&quot;Yuqui&quot;},
	[&quot;yur&quot;] = {&quot;Yurok&quot;},
	[&quot;yut&quot;] = {&quot;Yopno&quot;},
	[&quot;yuw&quot;] = {&quot;Yau (Morobe Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;yux&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Yukaghir&quot;},
	[&quot;yuy&quot;] = {&quot;East Yugur&quot;},
	[&quot;yuz&quot;] = {&quot;Yuracare&quot;},
	[&quot;yva&quot;] = {&quot;Yawa&quot;},
	[&quot;yvt&quot;] = {&quot;Yavitero&quot;},
	[&quot;ywa&quot;] = {&quot;Kalou&quot;},
	[&quot;ywg&quot;] = {&quot;Yinhawangka&quot;},
	[&quot;ywl&quot;] = {&quot;Western Lalu&quot;},
	[&quot;ywn&quot;] = {&quot;Yawanawa&quot;},
	[&quot;ywq&quot;] = {&quot;Wuding-Luquan Yi&quot;},
	[&quot;ywr&quot;] = {&quot;Yawuru&quot;},
	[&quot;ywt&quot;] = {&quot;Xishanba Lalo&quot;, &quot;Central Lalo&quot;},
	[&quot;ywu&quot;] = {&quot;Wumeng Nasu&quot;},
	[&quot;yww&quot;] = {&quot;Yawarawarga&quot;},
	[&quot;yxa&quot;] = {&quot;Mayawali&quot;},
	[&quot;yxg&quot;] = {&quot;Yagara&quot;},
	[&quot;yxl&quot;] = {&quot;Yardliyawarra&quot;},
	[&quot;yxm&quot;] = {&quot;Yinwum&quot;},
	[&quot;yxu&quot;] = {&quot;Yuyu&quot;},
	[&quot;yxy&quot;] = {&quot;Yabula Yabula&quot;},
	[&quot;yyr&quot;] = {&quot;Yir Yoront&quot;},
	[&quot;yyu&quot;] = {&quot;Yau (Sandaun Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;yyz&quot;] = {&quot;Ayizi&quot;},
	[&quot;yzg&quot;] = {&quot;E'ma Buyang&quot;},
	[&quot;yzk&quot;] = {&quot;Zokhuo&quot;},
	[&quot;zaa&quot;] = {&quot;Sierra de Juárez Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zab&quot;] = {&quot;Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec&quot;, &quot;San Juan Guelavía Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zac&quot;] = {&quot;Ocotlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zad&quot;] = {&quot;Cajonos Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zae&quot;] = {&quot;Yareni Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zaf&quot;] = {&quot;Ayoquesco Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zag&quot;] = {&quot;Zaghawa&quot;},
	[&quot;zah&quot;] = {&quot;Zangwal&quot;},
	[&quot;zai&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zaj&quot;] = {&quot;Zaramo&quot;},
	[&quot;zak&quot;] = {&quot;Zanaki&quot;},
	[&quot;zal&quot;] = {&quot;Zauzou&quot;},
	[&quot;zam&quot;] = {&quot;Miahuatlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zao&quot;] = {&quot;Ozolotepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zap&quot;] = {&quot;Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zaq&quot;] = {&quot;Aloápam Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zar&quot;] = {&quot;Rincón Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zas&quot;] = {&quot;Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zat&quot;] = {&quot;Tabaa Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zau&quot;] = {&quot;Zangskari&quot;},
	[&quot;zav&quot;] = {&quot;Yatzachi Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zaw&quot;] = {&quot;Mitla Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zax&quot;] = {&quot;Xadani Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zay&quot;] = {&quot;Zayse-Zergulla&quot;, &quot;Zaysete&quot;},
	[&quot;zaz&quot;] = {&quot;Zari&quot;},
	[&quot;zbc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Berawan&quot;},
	[&quot;zbe&quot;] = {&quot;East Berawan&quot;},
	[&quot;zbl&quot;] = {&quot;Blissymbols&quot;, &quot;Bliss&quot;, &quot;Blissymbolics&quot;},
	[&quot;zbt&quot;] = {&quot;Batui&quot;},
	[&quot;zbw&quot;] = {&quot;West Berawan&quot;},
	[&quot;zca&quot;] = {&quot;Coatecas Altas Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zch&quot;] = {&quot;Central Hongshuihe Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zdj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngazidja Comorian&quot;},
	[&quot;zea&quot;] = {&quot;Zeeuws&quot;},
	[&quot;zeg&quot;] = {&quot;Zenag&quot;},
	[&quot;zeh&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zen&quot;] = {&quot;Zenaga&quot;},
	[&quot;zga&quot;] = {&quot;Kinga&quot;},
	[&quot;zgb&quot;] = {&quot;Guibei Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zgh&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Moroccan Tamazight&quot;},
	[&quot;zgm&quot;] = {&quot;Minz Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zgn&quot;] = {&quot;Guibian Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zgr&quot;] = {&quot;Magori&quot;},
	[&quot;zhb&quot;] = {&quot;Zhaba&quot;},
	[&quot;zhd&quot;] = {&quot;Dai Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zhi&quot;] = {&quot;Zhire&quot;},
	[&quot;zhn&quot;] = {&quot;Nong Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zhw&quot;] = {&quot;Zhoa&quot;},
	[&quot;zhx&quot;] = {&quot;Chinese (family)&quot;},
	[&quot;zia&quot;] = {&quot;Zia&quot;},
	[&quot;zib&quot;] = {&quot;Zimbabwe Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;zik&quot;] = {&quot;Zimakani&quot;},
	[&quot;zil&quot;] = {&quot;Zialo&quot;},
	[&quot;zim&quot;] = {&quot;Mesme&quot;},
	[&quot;zin&quot;] = {&quot;Zinza&quot;},
	[&quot;zir&quot;] = {&quot;Ziriya&quot;},
	[&quot;ziw&quot;] = {&quot;Zigula&quot;},
	[&quot;ziz&quot;] = {&quot;Zizilivakan&quot;},
	[&quot;zka&quot;] = {&quot;Kaimbulawa&quot;},
	[&quot;zkb&quot;] = {&quot;Koibal&quot;},
	[&quot;zkd&quot;] = {&quot;Kadu&quot;},
	[&quot;zkg&quot;] = {&quot;Koguryo&quot;},
	[&quot;zkh&quot;] = {&quot;Khorezmian&quot;},
	[&quot;zkk&quot;] = {&quot;Karankawa&quot;},
	[&quot;zkn&quot;] = {&quot;Kanan&quot;},
	[&quot;zko&quot;] = {&quot;Kott&quot;},
	[&quot;zkp&quot;] = {&quot;São Paulo Kaingáng&quot;},
	[&quot;zkr&quot;] = {&quot;Zakhring&quot;},
	[&quot;zkt&quot;] = {&quot;Kitan&quot;},
	[&quot;zku&quot;] = {&quot;Kaurna&quot;},
	[&quot;zkv&quot;] = {&quot;Krevinian&quot;},
	[&quot;zkz&quot;] = {&quot;Khazar&quot;},
	[&quot;zle&quot;] = {&quot;East Slavic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;zlj&quot;] = {&quot;Liujiang Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zlm&quot;] = {&quot;Malay (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;zln&quot;] = {&quot;Lianshan Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zlq&quot;] = {&quot;Liuqian Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zls&quot;] = {&quot;South Slavic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;zlw&quot;] = {&quot;West Slavic languages&quot;},
	[&quot;zma&quot;] = {&quot;Manda (Australia)&quot;},
	[&quot;zmb&quot;] = {&quot;Zimba&quot;},
	[&quot;zmc&quot;] = {&quot;Margany&quot;},
	[&quot;zmd&quot;] = {&quot;Maridan&quot;},
	[&quot;zme&quot;] = {&quot;Mangerr&quot;},
	[&quot;zmf&quot;] = {&quot;Mfinu&quot;},
	[&quot;zmg&quot;] = {&quot;Marti Ke&quot;},
	[&quot;zmh&quot;] = {&quot;Makolkol&quot;},
	[&quot;zmi&quot;] = {&quot;Negeri Sembilan Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;zmj&quot;] = {&quot;Maridjabin&quot;},
	[&quot;zmk&quot;] = {&quot;Mandandanyi&quot;},
	[&quot;zml&quot;] = {&quot;Madngele&quot;},
	[&quot;zmm&quot;] = {&quot;Marimanindji&quot;},
	[&quot;zmn&quot;] = {&quot;Mbangwe&quot;},
	[&quot;zmo&quot;] = {&quot;Molo&quot;},
	[&quot;zmp&quot;] = {&quot;Mpuono&quot;},
	[&quot;zmq&quot;] = {&quot;Mituku&quot;},
	[&quot;zmr&quot;] = {&quot;Maranunggu&quot;},
	[&quot;zms&quot;] = {&quot;Mbesa&quot;},
	[&quot;zmt&quot;] = {&quot;Maringarr&quot;},
	[&quot;zmu&quot;] = {&quot;Muruwari&quot;},
	[&quot;zmv&quot;] = {&quot;Mbariman-Gudhinma&quot;},
	[&quot;zmw&quot;] = {&quot;Mbo (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;zmx&quot;] = {&quot;Bomitaba&quot;},
	[&quot;zmy&quot;] = {&quot;Mariyedi&quot;},
	[&quot;zmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mbandja&quot;},
	[&quot;zna&quot;] = {&quot;Zan Gula&quot;},
	[&quot;znd&quot;] = {&quot;Zande languages&quot;},
	[&quot;zne&quot;] = {&quot;Zande (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;zng&quot;] = {&quot;Mang&quot;},
	[&quot;znk&quot;] = {&quot;Manangkari&quot;},
	[&quot;zns&quot;] = {&quot;Mangas&quot;},
	[&quot;zoc&quot;] = {&quot;Copainalá Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zoh&quot;] = {&quot;Chimalapa Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zom&quot;] = {&quot;Zou&quot;},
	[&quot;zoo&quot;] = {&quot;Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zoq&quot;] = {&quot;Tabasco Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zor&quot;] = {&quot;Rayón Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zos&quot;] = {&quot;Francisco León Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zpa&quot;] = {&quot;Lachiguiri Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpb&quot;] = {&quot;Yautepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpc&quot;] = {&quot;Choapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpd&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpe&quot;] = {&quot;Petapa Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpf&quot;] = {&quot;San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpg&quot;] = {&quot;Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zph&quot;] = {&quot;Totomachapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpi&quot;] = {&quot;Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpj&quot;] = {&quot;Quiavicuzas Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpk&quot;] = {&quot;Tlacolulita Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpl&quot;] = {&quot;Lachixío Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpm&quot;] = {&quot;Mixtepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpn&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpo&quot;] = {&quot;Amatlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpp&quot;] = {&quot;El Alto Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpq&quot;] = {&quot;Zoogocho Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpr&quot;] = {&quot;Santiago Xanica Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zps&quot;] = {&quot;Coatlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpt&quot;] = {&quot;San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpu&quot;] = {&quot;Yalálag Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpv&quot;] = {&quot;Chichicapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpw&quot;] = {&quot;Zaniza Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpx&quot;] = {&quot;San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpy&quot;] = {&quot;Mazaltepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpz&quot;] = {&quot;Texmelucan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zqe&quot;] = {&quot;Qiubei Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zra&quot;] = {&quot;Kara (Korea)&quot;},
	[&quot;zrg&quot;] = {&quot;Mirgan&quot;},
	[&quot;zrn&quot;] = {&quot;Zerenkel&quot;},
	[&quot;zro&quot;] = {&quot;Záparo&quot;},
	[&quot;zrp&quot;] = {&quot;Zarphatic&quot;},
	[&quot;zrs&quot;] = {&quot;Mairasi&quot;},
	[&quot;zsa&quot;] = {&quot;Sarasira&quot;},
	[&quot;zsk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaskean&quot;},
	[&quot;zsl&quot;] = {&quot;Zambian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;zsm&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;zsr&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Rincon Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zsu&quot;] = {&quot;Sukurum&quot;},
	[&quot;zte&quot;] = {&quot;Elotepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztg&quot;] = {&quot;Xanaguía Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztl&quot;] = {&quot;Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztm&quot;] = {&quot;San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztn&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztp&quot;] = {&quot;Loxicha Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztq&quot;] = {&quot;Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zts&quot;] = {&quot;Tilquiapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztt&quot;] = {&quot;Tejalapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztu&quot;] = {&quot;Güilá Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztx&quot;] = {&quot;Zaachila Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zty&quot;] = {&quot;Yatee Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zua&quot;] = {&quot;Zeem&quot;},
	[&quot;zuh&quot;] = {&quot;Tokano&quot;},
	[&quot;zum&quot;] = {&quot;Kumzari&quot;},
	[&quot;zun&quot;] = {&quot;Zuni&quot;},
	[&quot;zuy&quot;] = {&quot;Zumaya&quot;},
	[&quot;zwa&quot;] = {&quot;Zay&quot;},
	[&quot;zxx&quot;] = {&quot;No linguistic content&quot;, &quot;Not applicable&quot;},
	[&quot;zyb&quot;] = {&quot;Yongbei Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zyg&quot;] = {&quot;Yang Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zyj&quot;] = {&quot;Youjiang Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zyn&quot;] = {&quot;Yongnan Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zyp&quot;] = {&quot;Zyphe Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;zza&quot;] = {&quot;Zaza&quot;, &quot;Dimili&quot;, &quot;Dimli (macrolanguage)&quot;, &quot;Kirdki&quot;, &quot;Kirmanjki (macrolanguage)&quot;, &quot;Zazaki&quot;},
	[&quot;zzj&quot;] = {&quot;Zuojiang Zhuang&quot;}
	}</text>
      <sha1>j27luwl1hov94i7a377qetcvvtc7sug</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Language/data/ISO 639-3</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5579</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32100</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:47:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32100</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="209205" sha1="qusi24807cf6ddt9ln8us0jnax4zv31" xml:space="preserve">-- File-Date: 2018-01-23
return {
	[&quot;aaa&quot;] = {&quot;Ghotuo&quot;},
	[&quot;aab&quot;] = {&quot;Alumu-Tesu&quot;},
	[&quot;aac&quot;] = {&quot;Ari&quot;},
	[&quot;aad&quot;] = {&quot;Amal&quot;},
	[&quot;aae&quot;] = {&quot;Arbëreshë Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;aaf&quot;] = {&quot;Aranadan&quot;},
	[&quot;aag&quot;] = {&quot;Ambrak&quot;},
	[&quot;aah&quot;] = {&quot;Abu' Arapesh&quot;},
	[&quot;aai&quot;] = {&quot;Arifama-Miniafia&quot;},
	[&quot;aak&quot;] = {&quot;Ankave&quot;},
	[&quot;aal&quot;] = {&quot;Afade&quot;},
	[&quot;aan&quot;] = {&quot;Anambé&quot;},
	[&quot;aao&quot;] = {&quot;Algerian Saharan Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aap&quot;] = {&quot;Pará Arára&quot;},
	[&quot;aaq&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Abnaki&quot;},
	[&quot;aar&quot;] = {&quot;Afar&quot;},
	[&quot;aas&quot;] = {&quot;Aasáx&quot;},
	[&quot;aat&quot;] = {&quot;Arvanitika Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;aau&quot;] = {&quot;Abau&quot;},
	[&quot;aaw&quot;] = {&quot;Solong&quot;},
	[&quot;aax&quot;] = {&quot;Mandobo Atas&quot;},
	[&quot;aaz&quot;] = {&quot;Amarasi&quot;},
	[&quot;aba&quot;] = {&quot;Abé&quot;},
	[&quot;abb&quot;] = {&quot;Bankon&quot;},
	[&quot;abc&quot;] = {&quot;Ambala Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;abd&quot;] = {&quot;Manide&quot;},
	[&quot;abe&quot;] = {&quot;Western Abnaki&quot;},
	[&quot;abf&quot;] = {&quot;Abai Sungai&quot;},
	[&quot;abg&quot;] = {&quot;Abaga&quot;},
	[&quot;abh&quot;] = {&quot;Tajiki Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;abi&quot;] = {&quot;Abidji&quot;},
	[&quot;abj&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Bea&quot;},
	[&quot;abk&quot;] = {&quot;Abkhazian&quot;},
	[&quot;abl&quot;] = {&quot;Lampung Nyo&quot;},
	[&quot;abm&quot;] = {&quot;Abanyom&quot;},
	[&quot;abn&quot;] = {&quot;Abua&quot;},
	[&quot;abo&quot;] = {&quot;Abon&quot;},
	[&quot;abp&quot;] = {&quot;Abellen Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;abq&quot;] = {&quot;Abaza&quot;},
	[&quot;abr&quot;] = {&quot;Abron&quot;},
	[&quot;abs&quot;] = {&quot;Ambonese Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;abt&quot;] = {&quot;Ambulas&quot;},
	[&quot;abu&quot;] = {&quot;Abure&quot;},
	[&quot;abv&quot;] = {&quot;Baharna Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;abw&quot;] = {&quot;Pal&quot;},
	[&quot;abx&quot;] = {&quot;Inabaknon&quot;},
	[&quot;aby&quot;] = {&quot;Aneme Wake&quot;},
	[&quot;abz&quot;] = {&quot;Abui&quot;},
	[&quot;aca&quot;] = {&quot;Achagua&quot;},
	[&quot;acb&quot;] = {&quot;Áncá&quot;},
	[&quot;acd&quot;] = {&quot;Gikyode&quot;},
	[&quot;ace&quot;] = {&quot;Achinese&quot;},
	[&quot;acf&quot;] = {&quot;Saint Lucian Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;ach&quot;] = {&quot;Acoli&quot;},
	[&quot;aci&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Cari&quot;},
	[&quot;ack&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Kora&quot;},
	[&quot;acl&quot;] = {&quot;Akar-Bale&quot;},
	[&quot;acm&quot;] = {&quot;Mesopotamian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acn&quot;] = {&quot;Achang&quot;},
	[&quot;acp&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Acipa&quot;},
	[&quot;acq&quot;] = {&quot;Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acr&quot;] = {&quot;Achi&quot;},
	[&quot;acs&quot;] = {&quot;Acroá&quot;},
	[&quot;act&quot;] = {&quot;Achterhoeks&quot;},
	[&quot;acu&quot;] = {&quot;Achuar-Shiwiar&quot;},
	[&quot;acv&quot;] = {&quot;Achumawi&quot;},
	[&quot;acw&quot;] = {&quot;Hijazi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acx&quot;] = {&quot;Omani Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acy&quot;] = {&quot;Cypriot Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;acz&quot;] = {&quot;Acheron&quot;},
	[&quot;ada&quot;] = {&quot;Adangme&quot;},
	[&quot;adb&quot;] = {&quot;Adabe&quot;},
	[&quot;add&quot;] = {&quot;Dzodinka&quot;, &quot;Lidzonka&quot;},
	[&quot;ade&quot;] = {&quot;Adele&quot;},
	[&quot;adf&quot;] = {&quot;Dhofari Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;adg&quot;] = {&quot;Andegerebinha&quot;},
	[&quot;adh&quot;] = {&quot;Adhola&quot;},
	[&quot;adi&quot;] = {&quot;Adi&quot;},
	[&quot;adj&quot;] = {&quot;Adioukrou&quot;},
	[&quot;adl&quot;] = {&quot;Galo&quot;},
	[&quot;adn&quot;] = {&quot;Adang&quot;},
	[&quot;ado&quot;] = {&quot;Abu&quot;},
	[&quot;adq&quot;] = {&quot;Adangbe&quot;},
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = {&quot;Adonara&quot;},
	[&quot;ads&quot;] = {&quot;Adamorobe Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;adt&quot;] = {&quot;Adnyamathanha&quot;},
	[&quot;adu&quot;] = {&quot;Aduge&quot;},
	[&quot;adw&quot;] = {&quot;Amundava&quot;},
	[&quot;adx&quot;] = {&quot;Amdo Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;ady&quot;] = {&quot;Adygei&quot;, &quot;Adyghe&quot;},
	[&quot;adz&quot;] = {&quot;Adzera&quot;},
	[&quot;aea&quot;] = {&quot;Areba&quot;},
	[&quot;aeb&quot;] = {&quot;Tunisian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aec&quot;] = {&quot;Saidi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aed&quot;] = {&quot;Argentine Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;aee&quot;] = {&quot;Northeast Pashai&quot;, &quot;Northeast Pashayi&quot;},
	[&quot;aek&quot;] = {&quot;Haeke&quot;},
	[&quot;ael&quot;] = {&quot;Ambele&quot;},
	[&quot;aem&quot;] = {&quot;Arem&quot;},
	[&quot;aen&quot;] = {&quot;Armenian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;aeq&quot;] = {&quot;Aer&quot;},
	[&quot;aer&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Arrernte&quot;},
	[&quot;aes&quot;] = {&quot;Alsea&quot;},
	[&quot;aeu&quot;] = {&quot;Akeu&quot;},
	[&quot;aew&quot;] = {&quot;Ambakich&quot;},
	[&quot;aey&quot;] = {&quot;Amele&quot;},
	[&quot;aez&quot;] = {&quot;Aeka&quot;},
	[&quot;afb&quot;] = {&quot;Gulf Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;afd&quot;] = {&quot;Andai&quot;},
	[&quot;afe&quot;] = {&quot;Putukwam&quot;},
	[&quot;afg&quot;] = {&quot;Afghan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;afh&quot;] = {&quot;Afrihili&quot;},
	[&quot;afi&quot;] = {&quot;Akrukay&quot;, &quot;Chini&quot;},
	[&quot;afk&quot;] = {&quot;Nanubae&quot;},
	[&quot;afn&quot;] = {&quot;Defaka&quot;},
	[&quot;afo&quot;] = {&quot;Eloyi&quot;},
	[&quot;afp&quot;] = {&quot;Tapei&quot;},
	[&quot;afr&quot;] = {&quot;Afrikaans&quot;},
	[&quot;afs&quot;] = {&quot;Afro-Seminole Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;aft&quot;] = {&quot;Afitti&quot;},
	[&quot;afu&quot;] = {&quot;Awutu&quot;},
	[&quot;afz&quot;] = {&quot;Obokuitai&quot;},
	[&quot;aga&quot;] = {&quot;Aguano&quot;},
	[&quot;agb&quot;] = {&quot;Legbo&quot;},
	[&quot;agc&quot;] = {&quot;Agatu&quot;},
	[&quot;agd&quot;] = {&quot;Agarabi&quot;},
	[&quot;age&quot;] = {&quot;Angal&quot;},
	[&quot;agf&quot;] = {&quot;Arguni&quot;},
	[&quot;agg&quot;] = {&quot;Angor&quot;},
	[&quot;agh&quot;] = {&quot;Ngelima&quot;},
	[&quot;agi&quot;] = {&quot;Agariya&quot;},
	[&quot;agj&quot;] = {&quot;Argobba&quot;},
	[&quot;agk&quot;] = {&quot;Isarog Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;agl&quot;] = {&quot;Fembe&quot;},
	[&quot;agm&quot;] = {&quot;Angaataha&quot;},
	[&quot;agn&quot;] = {&quot;Agutaynen&quot;},
	[&quot;ago&quot;] = {&quot;Tainae&quot;},
	[&quot;agq&quot;] = {&quot;Aghem&quot;},
	[&quot;agr&quot;] = {&quot;Aguaruna&quot;},
	[&quot;ags&quot;] = {&quot;Esimbi&quot;},
	[&quot;agt&quot;] = {&quot;Central Cagayan Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;agu&quot;] = {&quot;Aguacateco&quot;},
	[&quot;agv&quot;] = {&quot;Remontado Dumagat&quot;},
	[&quot;agw&quot;] = {&quot;Kahua&quot;},
	[&quot;agx&quot;] = {&quot;Aghul&quot;},
	[&quot;agy&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Alta&quot;},
	[&quot;agz&quot;] = {&quot;Mt. Iriga Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;aha&quot;] = {&quot;Ahanta&quot;},
	[&quot;ahb&quot;] = {&quot;Axamb&quot;},
	[&quot;ahg&quot;] = {&quot;Qimant&quot;},
	[&quot;ahh&quot;] = {&quot;Aghu&quot;},
	[&quot;ahi&quot;] = {&quot;Tiagbamrin Aizi&quot;},
	[&quot;ahk&quot;] = {&quot;Akha&quot;},
	[&quot;ahl&quot;] = {&quot;Igo&quot;},
	[&quot;ahm&quot;] = {&quot;Mobumrin Aizi&quot;},
	[&quot;ahn&quot;] = {&quot;Àhàn&quot;},
	[&quot;aho&quot;] = {&quot;Ahom&quot;},
	[&quot;ahp&quot;] = {&quot;Aproumu Aizi&quot;},
	[&quot;ahr&quot;] = {&quot;Ahirani&quot;},
	[&quot;ahs&quot;] = {&quot;Ashe&quot;},
	[&quot;aht&quot;] = {&quot;Ahtena&quot;},
	[&quot;aia&quot;] = {&quot;Arosi&quot;},
	[&quot;aib&quot;] = {&quot;Ainu (China)&quot;},
	[&quot;aic&quot;] = {&quot;Ainbai&quot;},
	[&quot;aid&quot;] = {&quot;Alngith&quot;},
	[&quot;aie&quot;] = {&quot;Amara&quot;},
	[&quot;aif&quot;] = {&quot;Agi&quot;},
	[&quot;aig&quot;] = {&quot;Antigua and Barbuda Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;aih&quot;] = {&quot;Ai-Cham&quot;},
	[&quot;aii&quot;] = {&quot;Assyrian Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;aij&quot;] = {&quot;Lishanid Noshan&quot;},
	[&quot;aik&quot;] = {&quot;Ake&quot;},
	[&quot;ail&quot;] = {&quot;Aimele&quot;},
	[&quot;aim&quot;] = {&quot;Aimol&quot;},
	[&quot;ain&quot;] = {&quot;Ainu (Japan)&quot;},
	[&quot;aio&quot;] = {&quot;Aiton&quot;},
	[&quot;aip&quot;] = {&quot;Burumakok&quot;},
	[&quot;aiq&quot;] = {&quot;Aimaq&quot;},
	[&quot;air&quot;] = {&quot;Airoran&quot;},
	[&quot;ais&quot;] = {&quot;Nataoran Amis&quot;},
	[&quot;ait&quot;] = {&quot;Arikem&quot;},
	[&quot;aiw&quot;] = {&quot;Aari&quot;},
	[&quot;aix&quot;] = {&quot;Aighon&quot;},
	[&quot;aiy&quot;] = {&quot;Ali&quot;},
	[&quot;aja&quot;] = {&quot;Aja (South Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;ajg&quot;] = {&quot;Aja (Benin)&quot;},
	[&quot;aji&quot;] = {&quot;Ajië&quot;},
	[&quot;ajn&quot;] = {&quot;Andajin&quot;},
	[&quot;ajp&quot;] = {&quot;South Levantine Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ajt&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Tunisian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aju&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Moroccan Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ajw&quot;] = {&quot;Ajawa&quot;},
	[&quot;ajz&quot;] = {&quot;Amri Karbi&quot;},
	[&quot;aka&quot;] = {&quot;Akan&quot;},
	[&quot;akb&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Angkola&quot;},
	[&quot;akc&quot;] = {&quot;Mpur&quot;},
	[&quot;akd&quot;] = {&quot;Ukpet-Ehom&quot;},
	[&quot;ake&quot;] = {&quot;Akawaio&quot;},
	[&quot;akf&quot;] = {&quot;Akpa&quot;},
	[&quot;akg&quot;] = {&quot;Anakalangu&quot;},
	[&quot;akh&quot;] = {&quot;Angal Heneng&quot;},
	[&quot;aki&quot;] = {&quot;Aiome&quot;},
	[&quot;akj&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Jeru&quot;},
	[&quot;akk&quot;] = {&quot;Akkadian&quot;},
	[&quot;akl&quot;] = {&quot;Aklanon&quot;},
	[&quot;akm&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Bo&quot;},
	[&quot;ako&quot;] = {&quot;Akurio&quot;},
	[&quot;akp&quot;] = {&quot;Siwu&quot;},
	[&quot;akq&quot;] = {&quot;Ak&quot;},
	[&quot;akr&quot;] = {&quot;Araki&quot;},
	[&quot;aks&quot;] = {&quot;Akaselem&quot;},
	[&quot;akt&quot;] = {&quot;Akolet&quot;},
	[&quot;aku&quot;] = {&quot;Akum&quot;},
	[&quot;akv&quot;] = {&quot;Akhvakh&quot;},
	[&quot;akw&quot;] = {&quot;Akwa&quot;},
	[&quot;akx&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Kede&quot;},
	[&quot;aky&quot;] = {&quot;Aka-Kol&quot;},
	[&quot;akz&quot;] = {&quot;Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;ala&quot;] = {&quot;Alago&quot;},
	[&quot;alc&quot;] = {&quot;Qawasqar&quot;},
	[&quot;ald&quot;] = {&quot;Alladian&quot;},
	[&quot;ale&quot;] = {&quot;Aleut&quot;},
	[&quot;alf&quot;] = {&quot;Alege&quot;},
	[&quot;alh&quot;] = {&quot;Alawa&quot;},
	[&quot;ali&quot;] = {&quot;Amaimon&quot;},
	[&quot;alj&quot;] = {&quot;Alangan&quot;},
	[&quot;alk&quot;] = {&quot;Alak&quot;},
	[&quot;all&quot;] = {&quot;Allar&quot;},
	[&quot;alm&quot;] = {&quot;Amblong&quot;},
	[&quot;aln&quot;] = {&quot;Gheg Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;alo&quot;] = {&quot;Larike-Wakasihu&quot;},
	[&quot;alp&quot;] = {&quot;Alune&quot;},
	[&quot;alq&quot;] = {&quot;Algonquin&quot;},
	[&quot;alr&quot;] = {&quot;Alutor&quot;},
	[&quot;als&quot;] = {&quot;Tosk Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;alt&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Altai&quot;},
	[&quot;alu&quot;] = {&quot;'Are'are&quot;},
	[&quot;alw&quot;] = {&quot;Alaba-K’abeena&quot;, &quot;Wanbasana&quot;},
	[&quot;alx&quot;] = {&quot;Amol&quot;},
	[&quot;aly&quot;] = {&quot;Alyawarr&quot;},
	[&quot;alz&quot;] = {&quot;Alur&quot;},
	[&quot;ama&quot;] = {&quot;Amanayé&quot;},
	[&quot;amb&quot;] = {&quot;Ambo&quot;},
	[&quot;amc&quot;] = {&quot;Amahuaca&quot;},
	[&quot;ame&quot;] = {&quot;Yanesha'&quot;},
	[&quot;amf&quot;] = {&quot;Hamer-Banna&quot;},
	[&quot;amg&quot;] = {&quot;Amurdak&quot;},
	[&quot;amh&quot;] = {&quot;Amharic&quot;},
	[&quot;ami&quot;] = {&quot;Amis&quot;},
	[&quot;amj&quot;] = {&quot;Amdang&quot;},
	[&quot;amk&quot;] = {&quot;Ambai&quot;},
	[&quot;aml&quot;] = {&quot;War-Jaintia&quot;},
	[&quot;amm&quot;] = {&quot;Ama (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;amn&quot;] = {&quot;Amanab&quot;},
	[&quot;amo&quot;] = {&quot;Amo&quot;},
	[&quot;amp&quot;] = {&quot;Alamblak&quot;},
	[&quot;amq&quot;] = {&quot;Amahai&quot;},
	[&quot;amr&quot;] = {&quot;Amarakaeri&quot;},
	[&quot;ams&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Amami-Oshima&quot;},
	[&quot;amt&quot;] = {&quot;Amto&quot;},
	[&quot;amu&quot;] = {&quot;Guerrero Amuzgo&quot;},
	[&quot;amv&quot;] = {&quot;Ambelau&quot;},
	[&quot;amw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;amx&quot;] = {&quot;Anmatyerre&quot;},
	[&quot;amy&quot;] = {&quot;Ami&quot;},
	[&quot;amz&quot;] = {&quot;Atampaya&quot;},
	[&quot;ana&quot;] = {&quot;Andaqui&quot;},
	[&quot;anb&quot;] = {&quot;Andoa&quot;},
	[&quot;anc&quot;] = {&quot;Ngas&quot;},
	[&quot;and&quot;] = {&quot;Ansus&quot;},
	[&quot;ane&quot;] = {&quot;Xârâcùù&quot;},
	[&quot;anf&quot;] = {&quot;Animere&quot;},
	[&quot;ang&quot;] = {&quot;Old English (ca. 450-1100)&quot;},
	[&quot;anh&quot;] = {&quot;Nend&quot;},
	[&quot;ani&quot;] = {&quot;Andi&quot;},
	[&quot;anj&quot;] = {&quot;Anor&quot;},
	[&quot;ank&quot;] = {&quot;Goemai&quot;},
	[&quot;anl&quot;] = {&quot;Anu-Hkongso Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;anm&quot;] = {&quot;Anal&quot;},
	[&quot;ann&quot;] = {&quot;Obolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ano&quot;] = {&quot;Andoque&quot;},
	[&quot;anp&quot;] = {&quot;Angika&quot;},
	[&quot;anq&quot;] = {&quot;Jarawa (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;anr&quot;] = {&quot;Andh&quot;},
	[&quot;ans&quot;] = {&quot;Anserma&quot;},
	[&quot;ant&quot;] = {&quot;Antakarinya&quot;},
	[&quot;anu&quot;] = {&quot;Anuak&quot;},
	[&quot;anv&quot;] = {&quot;Denya&quot;},
	[&quot;anw&quot;] = {&quot;Anaang&quot;},
	[&quot;anx&quot;] = {&quot;Andra-Hus&quot;},
	[&quot;any&quot;] = {&quot;Anyin&quot;},
	[&quot;anz&quot;] = {&quot;Anem&quot;},
	[&quot;aoa&quot;] = {&quot;Angolar&quot;},
	[&quot;aob&quot;] = {&quot;Abom&quot;},
	[&quot;aoc&quot;] = {&quot;Pemon&quot;},
	[&quot;aod&quot;] = {&quot;Andarum&quot;},
	[&quot;aoe&quot;] = {&quot;Angal Enen&quot;},
	[&quot;aof&quot;] = {&quot;Bragat&quot;},
	[&quot;aog&quot;] = {&quot;Angoram&quot;},
	[&quot;aoh&quot;] = {&quot;Arma&quot;},
	[&quot;aoi&quot;] = {&quot;Anindilyakwa&quot;},
	[&quot;aoj&quot;] = {&quot;Mufian&quot;},
	[&quot;aok&quot;] = {&quot;Arhö&quot;},
	[&quot;aol&quot;] = {&quot;Alor&quot;},
	[&quot;aom&quot;] = {&quot;Ömie&quot;},
	[&quot;aon&quot;] = {&quot;Bumbita Arapesh&quot;},
	[&quot;aor&quot;] = {&quot;Aore&quot;},
	[&quot;aos&quot;] = {&quot;Taikat&quot;},
	[&quot;aot&quot;] = {&quot;A'tong&quot;, &quot;Atong (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;aou&quot;] = {&quot;A'ou&quot;},
	[&quot;aox&quot;] = {&quot;Atorada&quot;},
	[&quot;aoz&quot;] = {&quot;Uab Meto&quot;},
	[&quot;apb&quot;] = {&quot;Sa'a&quot;},
	[&quot;apc&quot;] = {&quot;North Levantine Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;apd&quot;] = {&quot;Sudanese Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ape&quot;] = {&quot;Bukiyip&quot;},
	[&quot;apf&quot;] = {&quot;Pahanan Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;apg&quot;] = {&quot;Ampanang&quot;},
	[&quot;aph&quot;] = {&quot;Athpariya&quot;},
	[&quot;api&quot;] = {&quot;Apiaká&quot;},
	[&quot;apj&quot;] = {&quot;Jicarilla Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apk&quot;] = {&quot;Kiowa Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apl&quot;] = {&quot;Lipan Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apm&quot;] = {&quot;Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apn&quot;] = {&quot;Apinayé&quot;},
	[&quot;apo&quot;] = {&quot;Ambul&quot;},
	[&quot;app&quot;] = {&quot;Apma&quot;},
	[&quot;apq&quot;] = {&quot;A-Pucikwar&quot;},
	[&quot;apr&quot;] = {&quot;Arop-Lokep&quot;},
	[&quot;aps&quot;] = {&quot;Arop-Sissano&quot;},
	[&quot;apt&quot;] = {&quot;Apatani&quot;},
	[&quot;apu&quot;] = {&quot;Apurinã&quot;},
	[&quot;apv&quot;] = {&quot;Alapmunte&quot;},
	[&quot;apw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Apache&quot;},
	[&quot;apx&quot;] = {&quot;Aputai&quot;},
	[&quot;apy&quot;] = {&quot;Apalaí&quot;},
	[&quot;apz&quot;] = {&quot;Safeyoka&quot;},
	[&quot;aqc&quot;] = {&quot;Archi&quot;},
	[&quot;aqd&quot;] = {&quot;Ampari Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;aqg&quot;] = {&quot;Arigidi&quot;},
	[&quot;aqm&quot;] = {&quot;Atohwaim&quot;},
	[&quot;aqn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Alta&quot;},
	[&quot;aqp&quot;] = {&quot;Atakapa&quot;},
	[&quot;aqr&quot;] = {&quot;Arhâ&quot;},
	[&quot;aqt&quot;] = {&quot;Angaité&quot;},
	[&quot;aqz&quot;] = {&quot;Akuntsu&quot;},
	[&quot;ara&quot;] = {&quot;Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;arb&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;arc&quot;] = {&quot;Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)&quot;, &quot;Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)&quot;},
	[&quot;ard&quot;] = {&quot;Arabana&quot;},
	[&quot;are&quot;] = {&quot;Western Arrarnta&quot;},
	[&quot;arg&quot;] = {&quot;Aragonese&quot;},
	[&quot;arh&quot;] = {&quot;Arhuaco&quot;},
	[&quot;ari&quot;] = {&quot;Arikara&quot;},
	[&quot;arj&quot;] = {&quot;Arapaso&quot;},
	[&quot;ark&quot;] = {&quot;Arikapú&quot;},
	[&quot;arl&quot;] = {&quot;Arabela&quot;},
	[&quot;arn&quot;] = {&quot;Mapuche&quot;, &quot;Mapudungun&quot;},
	[&quot;aro&quot;] = {&quot;Araona&quot;},
	[&quot;arp&quot;] = {&quot;Arapaho&quot;},
	[&quot;arq&quot;] = {&quot;Algerian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;arr&quot;] = {&quot;Karo (Brazil)&quot;},
	[&quot;ars&quot;] = {&quot;Najdi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aru&quot;] = {&quot;Arawá&quot;, &quot;Aruá (Amazonas State)&quot;},
	[&quot;arv&quot;] = {&quot;Arbore&quot;},
	[&quot;arw&quot;] = {&quot;Arawak&quot;},
	[&quot;arx&quot;] = {&quot;Aruá (Rodonia State)&quot;},
	[&quot;ary&quot;] = {&quot;Moroccan Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;arz&quot;] = {&quot;Egyptian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;asa&quot;] = {&quot;Asu (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;asb&quot;] = {&quot;Assiniboine&quot;},
	[&quot;asc&quot;] = {&quot;Casuarina Coast Asmat&quot;},
	[&quot;asd&quot;] = {&quot;Asas&quot;},
	[&quot;ase&quot;] = {&quot;American Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asf&quot;] = {&quot;Auslan&quot;, &quot;Australian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asg&quot;] = {&quot;Cishingini&quot;},
	[&quot;ash&quot;] = {&quot;Abishira&quot;},
	[&quot;asi&quot;] = {&quot;Buruwai&quot;},
	[&quot;asj&quot;] = {&quot;Sari&quot;},
	[&quot;ask&quot;] = {&quot;Ashkun&quot;},
	[&quot;asl&quot;] = {&quot;Asilulu&quot;},
	[&quot;asm&quot;] = {&quot;Assamese&quot;},
	[&quot;asn&quot;] = {&quot;Xingú Asuriní&quot;},
	[&quot;aso&quot;] = {&quot;Dano&quot;},
	[&quot;asp&quot;] = {&quot;Algerian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asq&quot;] = {&quot;Austrian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asr&quot;] = {&quot;Asuri&quot;},
	[&quot;ass&quot;] = {&quot;Ipulo&quot;},
	[&quot;ast&quot;] = {&quot;Asturian&quot;, &quot;Asturleonese&quot;, &quot;Bable&quot;, &quot;Leonese&quot;},
	[&quot;asu&quot;] = {&quot;Tocantins Asurini&quot;},
	[&quot;asv&quot;] = {&quot;Asoa&quot;},
	[&quot;asw&quot;] = {&quot;Australian Aborigines Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;asx&quot;] = {&quot;Muratayak&quot;},
	[&quot;asy&quot;] = {&quot;Yaosakor Asmat&quot;},
	[&quot;asz&quot;] = {&quot;As&quot;},
	[&quot;ata&quot;] = {&quot;Pele-Ata&quot;},
	[&quot;atb&quot;] = {&quot;Zaiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;atc&quot;] = {&quot;Atsahuaca&quot;},
	[&quot;atd&quot;] = {&quot;Ata Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;ate&quot;] = {&quot;Atemble&quot;},
	[&quot;atg&quot;] = {&quot;Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe&quot;},
	[&quot;ati&quot;] = {&quot;Attié&quot;},
	[&quot;atj&quot;] = {&quot;Atikamekw&quot;},
	[&quot;atk&quot;] = {&quot;Ati&quot;},
	[&quot;atl&quot;] = {&quot;Mt. Iraya Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;atm&quot;] = {&quot;Ata&quot;},
	[&quot;atn&quot;] = {&quot;Ashtiani&quot;},
	[&quot;ato&quot;] = {&quot;Atong (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;atp&quot;] = {&quot;Pudtol Atta&quot;},
	[&quot;atq&quot;] = {&quot;Aralle-Tabulahan&quot;},
	[&quot;atr&quot;] = {&quot;Waimiri-Atroari&quot;},
	[&quot;ats&quot;] = {&quot;Gros Ventre&quot;},
	[&quot;att&quot;] = {&quot;Pamplona Atta&quot;},
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = {&quot;Reel&quot;},
	[&quot;atv&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Altai&quot;},
	[&quot;atw&quot;] = {&quot;Atsugewi&quot;},
	[&quot;atx&quot;] = {&quot;Arutani&quot;},
	[&quot;aty&quot;] = {&quot;Aneityum&quot;},
	[&quot;atz&quot;] = {&quot;Arta&quot;},
	[&quot;aua&quot;] = {&quot;Asumboa&quot;},
	[&quot;aub&quot;] = {&quot;Alugu&quot;},
	[&quot;auc&quot;] = {&quot;Waorani&quot;},
	[&quot;aud&quot;] = {&quot;Anuta&quot;},
	[&quot;aug&quot;] = {&quot;Aguna&quot;},
	[&quot;auh&quot;] = {&quot;Aushi&quot;},
	[&quot;aui&quot;] = {&quot;Anuki&quot;},
	[&quot;auj&quot;] = {&quot;Awjilah&quot;},
	[&quot;auk&quot;] = {&quot;Heyo&quot;},
	[&quot;aul&quot;] = {&quot;Aulua&quot;},
	[&quot;aum&quot;] = {&quot;Asu (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;aun&quot;] = {&quot;Molmo One&quot;},
	[&quot;auo&quot;] = {&quot;Auyokawa&quot;},
	[&quot;aup&quot;] = {&quot;Makayam&quot;},
	[&quot;auq&quot;] = {&quot;Anus&quot;, &quot;Korur&quot;},
	[&quot;aur&quot;] = {&quot;Aruek&quot;},
	[&quot;aut&quot;] = {&quot;Austral&quot;},
	[&quot;auu&quot;] = {&quot;Auye&quot;},
	[&quot;auw&quot;] = {&quot;Awyi&quot;},
	[&quot;aux&quot;] = {&quot;Aurá&quot;},
	[&quot;auy&quot;] = {&quot;Awiyaana&quot;},
	[&quot;auz&quot;] = {&quot;Uzbeki Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ava&quot;] = {&quot;Avaric&quot;},
	[&quot;avb&quot;] = {&quot;Avau&quot;},
	[&quot;avd&quot;] = {&quot;Alviri-Vidari&quot;},
	[&quot;ave&quot;] = {&quot;Avestan&quot;},
	[&quot;avi&quot;] = {&quot;Avikam&quot;},
	[&quot;avk&quot;] = {&quot;Kotava&quot;},
	[&quot;avl&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;avm&quot;] = {&quot;Angkamuthi&quot;},
	[&quot;avn&quot;] = {&quot;Avatime&quot;},
	[&quot;avo&quot;] = {&quot;Agavotaguerra&quot;},
	[&quot;avs&quot;] = {&quot;Aushiri&quot;},
	[&quot;avt&quot;] = {&quot;Au&quot;},
	[&quot;avu&quot;] = {&quot;Avokaya&quot;},
	[&quot;avv&quot;] = {&quot;Avá-Canoeiro&quot;},
	[&quot;awa&quot;] = {&quot;Awadhi&quot;},
	[&quot;awb&quot;] = {&quot;Awa (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;awc&quot;] = {&quot;Cicipu&quot;},
	[&quot;awe&quot;] = {&quot;Awetí&quot;},
	[&quot;awg&quot;] = {&quot;Anguthimri&quot;},
	[&quot;awh&quot;] = {&quot;Awbono&quot;},
	[&quot;awi&quot;] = {&quot;Aekyom&quot;},
	[&quot;awk&quot;] = {&quot;Awabakal&quot;},
	[&quot;awm&quot;] = {&quot;Arawum&quot;},
	[&quot;awn&quot;] = {&quot;Awngi&quot;},
	[&quot;awo&quot;] = {&quot;Awak&quot;},
	[&quot;awr&quot;] = {&quot;Awera&quot;},
	[&quot;aws&quot;] = {&quot;South Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;awt&quot;] = {&quot;Araweté&quot;},
	[&quot;awu&quot;] = {&quot;Central Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;awv&quot;] = {&quot;Jair Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;aww&quot;] = {&quot;Awun&quot;},
	[&quot;awx&quot;] = {&quot;Awara&quot;},
	[&quot;awy&quot;] = {&quot;Edera Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;axb&quot;] = {&quot;Abipon&quot;},
	[&quot;axe&quot;] = {&quot;Ayerrerenge&quot;},
	[&quot;axg&quot;] = {&quot;Mato Grosso Arára&quot;},
	[&quot;axk&quot;] = {&quot;Yaka (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;axl&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Southern Aranda&quot;},
	[&quot;axm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Armenian&quot;},
	[&quot;axx&quot;] = {&quot;Xârâgurè&quot;},
	[&quot;aya&quot;] = {&quot;Awar&quot;},
	[&quot;ayb&quot;] = {&quot;Ayizo Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;ayc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Aymara&quot;},
	[&quot;ayd&quot;] = {&quot;Ayabadhu&quot;},
	[&quot;aye&quot;] = {&quot;Ayere&quot;},
	[&quot;ayg&quot;] = {&quot;Ginyanga&quot;},
	[&quot;ayh&quot;] = {&quot;Hadrami Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ayi&quot;] = {&quot;Leyigha&quot;},
	[&quot;ayk&quot;] = {&quot;Akuku&quot;},
	[&quot;ayl&quot;] = {&quot;Libyan Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;aym&quot;] = {&quot;Aymara&quot;},
	[&quot;ayn&quot;] = {&quot;Sanaani Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ayo&quot;] = {&quot;Ayoreo&quot;},
	[&quot;ayp&quot;] = {&quot;North Mesopotamian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ayq&quot;] = {&quot;Ayi (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;ayr&quot;] = {&quot;Central Aymara&quot;},
	[&quot;ays&quot;] = {&quot;Sorsogon Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;ayt&quot;] = {&quot;Magbukun Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;ayu&quot;] = {&quot;Ayu&quot;},
	[&quot;ayy&quot;] = {&quot;Tayabas Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;ayz&quot;] = {&quot;Mai Brat&quot;},
	[&quot;aza&quot;] = {&quot;Azha&quot;},
	[&quot;azb&quot;] = {&quot;South Azerbaijani&quot;},
	[&quot;azd&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Durango Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;aze&quot;] = {&quot;Azerbaijani&quot;},
	[&quot;azg&quot;] = {&quot;San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo&quot;},
	[&quot;azj&quot;] = {&quot;North Azerbaijani&quot;},
	[&quot;azm&quot;] = {&quot;Ipalapa Amuzgo&quot;},
	[&quot;azn&quot;] = {&quot;Western Durango Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;azo&quot;] = {&quot;Awing&quot;},
	[&quot;azt&quot;] = {&quot;Faire Atta&quot;},
	[&quot;azz&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Puebla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;baa&quot;] = {&quot;Babatana&quot;},
	[&quot;bab&quot;] = {&quot;Bainouk-Gunyuño&quot;},
	[&quot;bac&quot;] = {&quot;Badui&quot;},
	[&quot;bae&quot;] = {&quot;Baré&quot;},
	[&quot;baf&quot;] = {&quot;Nubaca&quot;},
	[&quot;bag&quot;] = {&quot;Tuki&quot;},
	[&quot;bah&quot;] = {&quot;Bahamas Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;baj&quot;] = {&quot;Barakai&quot;},
	[&quot;bak&quot;] = {&quot;Bashkir&quot;},
	[&quot;bal&quot;] = {&quot;Baluchi&quot;},
	[&quot;bam&quot;] = {&quot;Bambara&quot;},
	[&quot;ban&quot;] = {&quot;Balinese&quot;},
	[&quot;bao&quot;] = {&quot;Waimaha&quot;},
	[&quot;bap&quot;] = {&quot;Bantawa&quot;},
	[&quot;bar&quot;] = {&quot;Bavarian&quot;},
	[&quot;bas&quot;] = {&quot;Basa (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bau&quot;] = {&quot;Bada (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bav&quot;] = {&quot;Vengo&quot;},
	[&quot;baw&quot;] = {&quot;Bambili-Bambui&quot;},
	[&quot;bax&quot;] = {&quot;Bamun&quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;Batuley&quot;},
	[&quot;bba&quot;] = {&quot;Baatonum&quot;},
	[&quot;bbb&quot;] = {&quot;Barai&quot;},
	[&quot;bbc&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Toba&quot;},
	[&quot;bbd&quot;] = {&quot;Bau&quot;},
	[&quot;bbe&quot;] = {&quot;Bangba&quot;},
	[&quot;bbf&quot;] = {&quot;Baibai&quot;},
	[&quot;bbg&quot;] = {&quot;Barama&quot;},
	[&quot;bbh&quot;] = {&quot;Bugan&quot;},
	[&quot;bbi&quot;] = {&quot;Barombi&quot;},
	[&quot;bbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ghomálá'&quot;},
	[&quot;bbk&quot;] = {&quot;Babanki&quot;},
	[&quot;bbl&quot;] = {&quot;Bats&quot;},
	[&quot;bbm&quot;] = {&quot;Babango&quot;},
	[&quot;bbn&quot;] = {&quot;Uneapa&quot;},
	[&quot;bbo&quot;] = {&quot;Konabéré&quot;, &quot;Northern Bobo Madaré&quot;},
	[&quot;bbp&quot;] = {&quot;West Central Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;bbq&quot;] = {&quot;Bamali&quot;},
	[&quot;bbr&quot;] = {&quot;Girawa&quot;},
	[&quot;bbs&quot;] = {&quot;Bakpinka&quot;},
	[&quot;bbt&quot;] = {&quot;Mburku&quot;},
	[&quot;bbu&quot;] = {&quot;Kulung (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bbv&quot;] = {&quot;Karnai&quot;},
	[&quot;bbw&quot;] = {&quot;Baba&quot;},
	[&quot;bbx&quot;] = {&quot;Bubia&quot;},
	[&quot;bby&quot;] = {&quot;Befang&quot;},
	[&quot;bbz&quot;] = {&quot;Babalia Creole Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;bca&quot;] = {&quot;Central Bai&quot;},
	[&quot;bcb&quot;] = {&quot;Bainouk-Samik&quot;},
	[&quot;bcc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Balochi&quot;},
	[&quot;bcd&quot;] = {&quot;North Babar&quot;},
	[&quot;bce&quot;] = {&quot;Bamenyam&quot;},
	[&quot;bcf&quot;] = {&quot;Bamu&quot;},
	[&quot;bcg&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Pokur&quot;},
	[&quot;bch&quot;] = {&quot;Bariai&quot;},
	[&quot;bci&quot;] = {&quot;Baoulé&quot;},
	[&quot;bcj&quot;] = {&quot;Bardi&quot;},
	[&quot;bck&quot;] = {&quot;Bunaba&quot;},
	[&quot;bcl&quot;] = {&quot;Central Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;bcm&quot;] = {&quot;Bannoni&quot;},
	[&quot;bcn&quot;] = {&quot;Bali (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bco&quot;] = {&quot;Kaluli&quot;},
	[&quot;bcp&quot;] = {&quot;Bali (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;bcq&quot;] = {&quot;Bench&quot;},
	[&quot;bcr&quot;] = {&quot;Babine&quot;},
	[&quot;bcs&quot;] = {&quot;Kohumono&quot;},
	[&quot;bct&quot;] = {&quot;Bendi&quot;},
	[&quot;bcu&quot;] = {&quot;Awad Bing&quot;},
	[&quot;bcv&quot;] = {&quot;Shoo-Minda-Nye&quot;},
	[&quot;bcw&quot;] = {&quot;Bana&quot;},
	[&quot;bcy&quot;] = {&quot;Bacama&quot;},
	[&quot;bcz&quot;] = {&quot;Bainouk-Gunyaamolo&quot;},
	[&quot;bda&quot;] = {&quot;Bayot&quot;},
	[&quot;bdb&quot;] = {&quot;Basap&quot;},
	[&quot;bdc&quot;] = {&quot;Emberá-Baudó&quot;},
	[&quot;bdd&quot;] = {&quot;Bunama&quot;},
	[&quot;bde&quot;] = {&quot;Bade&quot;},
	[&quot;bdf&quot;] = {&quot;Biage&quot;},
	[&quot;bdg&quot;] = {&quot;Bonggi&quot;},
	[&quot;bdh&quot;] = {&quot;Baka (South Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;bdi&quot;] = {&quot;Burun&quot;},
	[&quot;bdj&quot;] = {&quot;Bai&quot;, &quot;Bai (South Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;bdk&quot;] = {&quot;Budukh&quot;},
	[&quot;bdl&quot;] = {&quot;Indonesian Bajau&quot;},
	[&quot;bdm&quot;] = {&quot;Buduma&quot;},
	[&quot;bdn&quot;] = {&quot;Baldemu&quot;},
	[&quot;bdo&quot;] = {&quot;Morom&quot;},
	[&quot;bdp&quot;] = {&quot;Bende&quot;},
	[&quot;bdq&quot;] = {&quot;Bahnar&quot;},
	[&quot;bdr&quot;] = {&quot;West Coast Bajau&quot;},
	[&quot;bds&quot;] = {&quot;Burunge&quot;},
	[&quot;bdt&quot;] = {&quot;Bokoto&quot;},
	[&quot;bdu&quot;] = {&quot;Oroko&quot;},
	[&quot;bdv&quot;] = {&quot;Bodo Parja&quot;},
	[&quot;bdw&quot;] = {&quot;Baham&quot;},
	[&quot;bdx&quot;] = {&quot;Budong-Budong&quot;},
	[&quot;bdy&quot;] = {&quot;Bandjalang&quot;},
	[&quot;bdz&quot;] = {&quot;Badeshi&quot;},
	[&quot;bea&quot;] = {&quot;Beaver&quot;},
	[&quot;beb&quot;] = {&quot;Bebele&quot;},
	[&quot;bec&quot;] = {&quot;Iceve-Maci&quot;},
	[&quot;bed&quot;] = {&quot;Bedoanas&quot;},
	[&quot;bee&quot;] = {&quot;Byangsi&quot;},
	[&quot;bef&quot;] = {&quot;Benabena&quot;},
	[&quot;beg&quot;] = {&quot;Belait&quot;},
	[&quot;beh&quot;] = {&quot;Biali&quot;},
	[&quot;bei&quot;] = {&quot;Bekati'&quot;},
	[&quot;bej&quot;] = {&quot;Bedawiyet&quot;, &quot;Beja&quot;},
	[&quot;bek&quot;] = {&quot;Bebeli&quot;},
	[&quot;bel&quot;] = {&quot;Belarusian&quot;},
	[&quot;bem&quot;] = {&quot;Bemba (Zambia)&quot;},
	[&quot;ben&quot;] = {&quot;Bengali&quot;},
	[&quot;beo&quot;] = {&quot;Beami&quot;},
	[&quot;bep&quot;] = {&quot;Besoa&quot;},
	[&quot;beq&quot;] = {&quot;Beembe&quot;},
	[&quot;bes&quot;] = {&quot;Besme&quot;},
	[&quot;bet&quot;] = {&quot;Guiberoua Béte&quot;},
	[&quot;beu&quot;] = {&quot;Blagar&quot;},
	[&quot;bev&quot;] = {&quot;Daloa Bété&quot;},
	[&quot;bew&quot;] = {&quot;Betawi&quot;},
	[&quot;bex&quot;] = {&quot;Jur Modo&quot;},
	[&quot;bey&quot;] = {&quot;Beli (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;bez&quot;] = {&quot;Bena (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;bfa&quot;] = {&quot;Bari&quot;},
	[&quot;bfb&quot;] = {&quot;Pauri Bareli&quot;},
	[&quot;bfc&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Bai&quot;, &quot;Panyi Bai&quot;},
	[&quot;bfd&quot;] = {&quot;Bafut&quot;},
	[&quot;bfe&quot;] = {&quot;Betaf&quot;, &quot;Tena&quot;},
	[&quot;bff&quot;] = {&quot;Bofi&quot;},
	[&quot;bfg&quot;] = {&quot;Busang Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;bfh&quot;] = {&quot;Blafe&quot;},
	[&quot;bfi&quot;] = {&quot;British Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bfj&quot;] = {&quot;Bafanji&quot;},
	[&quot;bfk&quot;] = {&quot;Ban Khor Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bfl&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Ndélé&quot;},
	[&quot;bfm&quot;] = {&quot;Mmen&quot;},
	[&quot;bfn&quot;] = {&quot;Bunak&quot;},
	[&quot;bfo&quot;] = {&quot;Malba Birifor&quot;},
	[&quot;bfp&quot;] = {&quot;Beba&quot;},
	[&quot;bfq&quot;] = {&quot;Badaga&quot;},
	[&quot;bfr&quot;] = {&quot;Bazigar&quot;},
	[&quot;bfs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Bai&quot;},
	[&quot;bft&quot;] = {&quot;Balti&quot;},
	[&quot;bfu&quot;] = {&quot;Gahri&quot;},
	[&quot;bfw&quot;] = {&quot;Bondo&quot;},
	[&quot;bfx&quot;] = {&quot;Bantayanon&quot;},
	[&quot;bfy&quot;] = {&quot;Bagheli&quot;},
	[&quot;bfz&quot;] = {&quot;Mahasu Pahari&quot;},
	[&quot;bga&quot;] = {&quot;Gwamhi-Wuri&quot;},
	[&quot;bgb&quot;] = {&quot;Bobongko&quot;},
	[&quot;bgc&quot;] = {&quot;Haryanvi&quot;},
	[&quot;bgd&quot;] = {&quot;Rathwi Bareli&quot;},
	[&quot;bge&quot;] = {&quot;Bauria&quot;},
	[&quot;bgf&quot;] = {&quot;Bangandu&quot;},
	[&quot;bgg&quot;] = {&quot;Bugun&quot;},
	[&quot;bgi&quot;] = {&quot;Giangan&quot;},
	[&quot;bgj&quot;] = {&quot;Bangolan&quot;},
	[&quot;bgk&quot;] = {&quot;Bit&quot;, &quot;Buxinhua&quot;},
	[&quot;bgl&quot;] = {&quot;Bo (Laos)&quot;},
	[&quot;bgn&quot;] = {&quot;Western Balochi&quot;},
	[&quot;bgo&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Koga&quot;},
	[&quot;bgp&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Balochi&quot;},
	[&quot;bgq&quot;] = {&quot;Bagri&quot;},
	[&quot;bgr&quot;] = {&quot;Bawm Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;bgs&quot;] = {&quot;Tagabawa&quot;},
	[&quot;bgt&quot;] = {&quot;Bughotu&quot;},
	[&quot;bgu&quot;] = {&quot;Mbongno&quot;},
	[&quot;bgv&quot;] = {&quot;Warkay-Bipim&quot;},
	[&quot;bgw&quot;] = {&quot;Bhatri&quot;},
	[&quot;bgx&quot;] = {&quot;Balkan Gagauz Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;bgy&quot;] = {&quot;Benggoi&quot;},
	[&quot;bgz&quot;] = {&quot;Banggai&quot;},
	[&quot;bha&quot;] = {&quot;Bharia&quot;},
	[&quot;bhb&quot;] = {&quot;Bhili&quot;},
	[&quot;bhc&quot;] = {&quot;Biga&quot;},
	[&quot;bhd&quot;] = {&quot;Bhadrawahi&quot;},
	[&quot;bhe&quot;] = {&quot;Bhaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bhf&quot;] = {&quot;Odiai&quot;},
	[&quot;bhg&quot;] = {&quot;Binandere&quot;},
	[&quot;bhh&quot;] = {&quot;Bukharic&quot;},
	[&quot;bhi&quot;] = {&quot;Bhilali&quot;},
	[&quot;bhj&quot;] = {&quot;Bahing&quot;},
	[&quot;bhl&quot;] = {&quot;Bimin&quot;},
	[&quot;bhm&quot;] = {&quot;Bathari&quot;},
	[&quot;bhn&quot;] = {&quot;Bohtan Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;bho&quot;] = {&quot;Bhojpuri&quot;},
	[&quot;bhp&quot;] = {&quot;Bima&quot;},
	[&quot;bhq&quot;] = {&quot;Tukang Besi South&quot;},
	[&quot;bhr&quot;] = {&quot;Bara Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;bhs&quot;] = {&quot;Buwal&quot;},
	[&quot;bht&quot;] = {&quot;Bhattiyali&quot;},
	[&quot;bhu&quot;] = {&quot;Bhunjia&quot;},
	[&quot;bhv&quot;] = {&quot;Bahau&quot;},
	[&quot;bhw&quot;] = {&quot;Biak&quot;},
	[&quot;bhx&quot;] = {&quot;Bhalay&quot;},
	[&quot;bhy&quot;] = {&quot;Bhele&quot;},
	[&quot;bhz&quot;] = {&quot;Bada (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bia&quot;] = {&quot;Badimaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bib&quot;] = {&quot;Bisa&quot;, &quot;Bissa&quot;},
	[&quot;bic&quot;] = {&quot;Bikaru&quot;},
	[&quot;bid&quot;] = {&quot;Bidiyo&quot;},
	[&quot;bie&quot;] = {&quot;Bepour&quot;},
	[&quot;bif&quot;] = {&quot;Biafada&quot;},
	[&quot;big&quot;] = {&quot;Biangai&quot;},
	[&quot;bij&quot;] = {&quot;Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri&quot;},
	[&quot;bik&quot;] = {&quot;Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;bil&quot;] = {&quot;Bile&quot;},
	[&quot;bim&quot;] = {&quot;Bimoba&quot;},
	[&quot;bin&quot;] = {&quot;Bini&quot;, &quot;Edo&quot;},
	[&quot;bio&quot;] = {&quot;Nai&quot;},
	[&quot;bip&quot;] = {&quot;Bila&quot;},
	[&quot;biq&quot;] = {&quot;Bipi&quot;},
	[&quot;bir&quot;] = {&quot;Bisorio&quot;},
	[&quot;bis&quot;] = {&quot;Bislama&quot;},
	[&quot;bit&quot;] = {&quot;Berinomo&quot;},
	[&quot;biu&quot;] = {&quot;Biete&quot;},
	[&quot;biv&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Birifor&quot;},
	[&quot;biw&quot;] = {&quot;Kol (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bix&quot;] = {&quot;Bijori&quot;},
	[&quot;biy&quot;] = {&quot;Birhor&quot;},
	[&quot;biz&quot;] = {&quot;Baloi&quot;},
	[&quot;bja&quot;] = {&quot;Budza&quot;},
	[&quot;bjb&quot;] = {&quot;Banggarla&quot;},
	[&quot;bjc&quot;] = {&quot;Bariji&quot;},
	[&quot;bje&quot;] = {&quot;Biao-Jiao Mien&quot;},
	[&quot;bjf&quot;] = {&quot;Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;bjg&quot;] = {&quot;Bidyogo&quot;},
	[&quot;bjh&quot;] = {&quot;Bahinemo&quot;},
	[&quot;bji&quot;] = {&quot;Burji&quot;},
	[&quot;bjj&quot;] = {&quot;Kanauji&quot;},
	[&quot;bjk&quot;] = {&quot;Barok&quot;},
	[&quot;bjl&quot;] = {&quot;Bulu (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;bjm&quot;] = {&quot;Bajelani&quot;},
	[&quot;bjn&quot;] = {&quot;Banjar&quot;},
	[&quot;bjo&quot;] = {&quot;Mid-Southern Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;bjp&quot;] = {&quot;Fanamaket&quot;},
	[&quot;bjr&quot;] = {&quot;Binumarien&quot;},
	[&quot;bjs&quot;] = {&quot;Bajan&quot;},
	[&quot;bjt&quot;] = {&quot;Balanta-Ganja&quot;},
	[&quot;bju&quot;] = {&quot;Busuu&quot;},
	[&quot;bjv&quot;] = {&quot;Bedjond&quot;},
	[&quot;bjw&quot;] = {&quot;Bakwé&quot;},
	[&quot;bjx&quot;] = {&quot;Banao Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;bjy&quot;] = {&quot;Bayali&quot;},
	[&quot;bjz&quot;] = {&quot;Baruga&quot;},
	[&quot;bka&quot;] = {&quot;Kyak&quot;},
	[&quot;bkc&quot;] = {&quot;Baka (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bkd&quot;] = {&quot;Binukid&quot;, &quot;Talaandig&quot;},
	[&quot;bkf&quot;] = {&quot;Beeke&quot;},
	[&quot;bkg&quot;] = {&quot;Buraka&quot;},
	[&quot;bkh&quot;] = {&quot;Bakoko&quot;},
	[&quot;bki&quot;] = {&quot;Baki&quot;},
	[&quot;bkj&quot;] = {&quot;Pande&quot;},
	[&quot;bkk&quot;] = {&quot;Brokskat&quot;},
	[&quot;bkl&quot;] = {&quot;Berik&quot;},
	[&quot;bkm&quot;] = {&quot;Kom (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bkn&quot;] = {&quot;Bukitan&quot;},
	[&quot;bko&quot;] = {&quot;Kwa'&quot;},
	[&quot;bkp&quot;] = {&quot;Boko (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;bkq&quot;] = {&quot;Bakairí&quot;},
	[&quot;bkr&quot;] = {&quot;Bakumpai&quot;},
	[&quot;bks&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Sorsoganon&quot;},
	[&quot;bkt&quot;] = {&quot;Boloki&quot;},
	[&quot;bku&quot;] = {&quot;Buhid&quot;},
	[&quot;bkv&quot;] = {&quot;Bekwarra&quot;},
	[&quot;bkw&quot;] = {&quot;Bekwel&quot;},
	[&quot;bkx&quot;] = {&quot;Baikeno&quot;},
	[&quot;bky&quot;] = {&quot;Bokyi&quot;},
	[&quot;bkz&quot;] = {&quot;Bungku&quot;},
	[&quot;bla&quot;] = {&quot;Siksika&quot;},
	[&quot;blb&quot;] = {&quot;Bilua&quot;},
	[&quot;blc&quot;] = {&quot;Bella Coola&quot;},
	[&quot;bld&quot;] = {&quot;Bolango&quot;},
	[&quot;ble&quot;] = {&quot;Balanta-Kentohe&quot;},
	[&quot;blf&quot;] = {&quot;Buol&quot;},
	[&quot;blg&quot;] = {&quot;Balau&quot;},
	[&quot;blh&quot;] = {&quot;Kuwaa&quot;},
	[&quot;bli&quot;] = {&quot;Bolia&quot;},
	[&quot;blj&quot;] = {&quot;Bolongan&quot;},
	[&quot;blk&quot;] = {&quot;Pa'O&quot;, &quot;Pa'o Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;bll&quot;] = {&quot;Biloxi&quot;},
	[&quot;blm&quot;] = {&quot;Beli (South Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;bln&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Catanduanes Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;blo&quot;] = {&quot;Anii&quot;},
	[&quot;blp&quot;] = {&quot;Blablanga&quot;},
	[&quot;blq&quot;] = {&quot;Baluan-Pam&quot;},
	[&quot;blr&quot;] = {&quot;Blang&quot;},
	[&quot;bls&quot;] = {&quot;Balaesang&quot;},
	[&quot;blt&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Dam&quot;},
	[&quot;blv&quot;] = {&quot;Bolo&quot;, &quot;Kibala&quot;},
	[&quot;blw&quot;] = {&quot;Balangao&quot;},
	[&quot;blx&quot;] = {&quot;Mag-Indi Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;bly&quot;] = {&quot;Notre&quot;},
	[&quot;blz&quot;] = {&quot;Balantak&quot;},
	[&quot;bma&quot;] = {&quot;Lame&quot;},
	[&quot;bmb&quot;] = {&quot;Bembe&quot;},
	[&quot;bmc&quot;] = {&quot;Biem&quot;},
	[&quot;bmd&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Manduri&quot;},
	[&quot;bme&quot;] = {&quot;Limassa&quot;},
	[&quot;bmf&quot;] = {&quot;Bom-Kim&quot;},
	[&quot;bmg&quot;] = {&quot;Bamwe&quot;},
	[&quot;bmh&quot;] = {&quot;Kein&quot;},
	[&quot;bmi&quot;] = {&quot;Bagirmi&quot;},
	[&quot;bmj&quot;] = {&quot;Bote-Majhi&quot;},
	[&quot;bmk&quot;] = {&quot;Ghayavi&quot;},
	[&quot;bml&quot;] = {&quot;Bomboli&quot;},
	[&quot;bmm&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;bmn&quot;] = {&quot;Bina (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;bmo&quot;] = {&quot;Bambalang&quot;},
	[&quot;bmp&quot;] = {&quot;Bulgebi&quot;},
	[&quot;bmq&quot;] = {&quot;Bomu&quot;},
	[&quot;bmr&quot;] = {&quot;Muinane&quot;},
	[&quot;bms&quot;] = {&quot;Bilma Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;bmt&quot;] = {&quot;Biao Mon&quot;},
	[&quot;bmu&quot;] = {&quot;Somba-Siawari&quot;},
	[&quot;bmv&quot;] = {&quot;Bum&quot;},
	[&quot;bmw&quot;] = {&quot;Bomwali&quot;},
	[&quot;bmx&quot;] = {&quot;Baimak&quot;},
	[&quot;bmz&quot;] = {&quot;Baramu&quot;},
	[&quot;bna&quot;] = {&quot;Bonerate&quot;},
	[&quot;bnb&quot;] = {&quot;Bookan&quot;},
	[&quot;bnc&quot;] = {&quot;Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;bnd&quot;] = {&quot;Banda (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bne&quot;] = {&quot;Bintauna&quot;},
	[&quot;bnf&quot;] = {&quot;Masiwang&quot;},
	[&quot;bng&quot;] = {&quot;Benga&quot;},
	[&quot;bni&quot;] = {&quot;Bangi&quot;},
	[&quot;bnj&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Tawbuid&quot;},
	[&quot;bnk&quot;] = {&quot;Bierebo&quot;},
	[&quot;bnl&quot;] = {&quot;Boon&quot;},
	[&quot;bnm&quot;] = {&quot;Batanga&quot;},
	[&quot;bnn&quot;] = {&quot;Bunun&quot;},
	[&quot;bno&quot;] = {&quot;Bantoanon&quot;},
	[&quot;bnp&quot;] = {&quot;Bola&quot;},
	[&quot;bnq&quot;] = {&quot;Bantik&quot;},
	[&quot;bnr&quot;] = {&quot;Butmas-Tur&quot;},
	[&quot;bns&quot;] = {&quot;Bundeli&quot;},
	[&quot;bnu&quot;] = {&quot;Bentong&quot;},
	[&quot;bnv&quot;] = {&quot;Beneraf&quot;, &quot;Bonerif&quot;, &quot;Edwas&quot;},
	[&quot;bnw&quot;] = {&quot;Bisis&quot;},
	[&quot;bnx&quot;] = {&quot;Bangubangu&quot;},
	[&quot;bny&quot;] = {&quot;Bintulu&quot;},
	[&quot;bnz&quot;] = {&quot;Beezen&quot;},
	[&quot;boa&quot;] = {&quot;Bora&quot;},
	[&quot;bob&quot;] = {&quot;Aweer&quot;},
	[&quot;bod&quot;] = {&quot;Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;boe&quot;] = {&quot;Mundabli&quot;},
	[&quot;bof&quot;] = {&quot;Bolon&quot;},
	[&quot;bog&quot;] = {&quot;Bamako Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;boh&quot;] = {&quot;Boma&quot;},
	[&quot;boi&quot;] = {&quot;Barbareño&quot;},
	[&quot;boj&quot;] = {&quot;Anjam&quot;},
	[&quot;bok&quot;] = {&quot;Bonjo&quot;},
	[&quot;bol&quot;] = {&quot;Bole&quot;},
	[&quot;bom&quot;] = {&quot;Berom&quot;},
	[&quot;bon&quot;] = {&quot;Bine&quot;},
	[&quot;boo&quot;] = {&quot;Tiemacèwè Bozo&quot;},
	[&quot;bop&quot;] = {&quot;Bonkiman&quot;},
	[&quot;boq&quot;] = {&quot;Bogaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = {&quot;Borôro&quot;},
	[&quot;bos&quot;] = {&quot;Bosnian&quot;},
	[&quot;bot&quot;] = {&quot;Bongo&quot;},
	[&quot;bou&quot;] = {&quot;Bondei&quot;},
	[&quot;bov&quot;] = {&quot;Tuwuli&quot;},
	[&quot;bow&quot;] = {&quot;Rema&quot;},
	[&quot;box&quot;] = {&quot;Buamu&quot;},
	[&quot;boy&quot;] = {&quot;Bodo (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;boz&quot;] = {&quot;Tiéyaxo Bozo&quot;},
	[&quot;bpa&quot;] = {&quot;Daakaka&quot;},
	[&quot;bpb&quot;] = {&quot;Barbacoas&quot;},
	[&quot;bpd&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;bpg&quot;] = {&quot;Bonggo&quot;},
	[&quot;bph&quot;] = {&quot;Botlikh&quot;},
	[&quot;bpi&quot;] = {&quot;Bagupi&quot;},
	[&quot;bpj&quot;] = {&quot;Binji&quot;},
	[&quot;bpk&quot;] = {&quot;'Ôrôê&quot;, &quot;Orowe&quot;},
	[&quot;bpl&quot;] = {&quot;Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;bpm&quot;] = {&quot;Biyom&quot;},
	[&quot;bpn&quot;] = {&quot;Dzao Min&quot;},
	[&quot;bpo&quot;] = {&quot;Anasi&quot;},
	[&quot;bpp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaure&quot;},
	[&quot;bpq&quot;] = {&quot;Banda Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;bpr&quot;] = {&quot;Koronadal Blaan&quot;},
	[&quot;bps&quot;] = {&quot;Sarangani Blaan&quot;},
	[&quot;bpt&quot;] = {&quot;Barrow Point&quot;},
	[&quot;bpu&quot;] = {&quot;Bongu&quot;},
	[&quot;bpv&quot;] = {&quot;Bian Marind&quot;},
	[&quot;bpw&quot;] = {&quot;Bo (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;bpx&quot;] = {&quot;Palya Bareli&quot;},
	[&quot;bpy&quot;] = {&quot;Bishnupriya&quot;},
	[&quot;bpz&quot;] = {&quot;Bilba&quot;},
	[&quot;bqa&quot;] = {&quot;Tchumbuli&quot;},
	[&quot;bqb&quot;] = {&quot;Bagusa&quot;},
	[&quot;bqc&quot;] = {&quot;Boko (Benin)&quot;, &quot;Boo&quot;},
	[&quot;bqd&quot;] = {&quot;Bung&quot;},
	[&quot;bqf&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Kaloum&quot;},
	[&quot;bqg&quot;] = {&quot;Bago-Kusuntu&quot;},
	[&quot;bqh&quot;] = {&quot;Baima&quot;},
	[&quot;bqi&quot;] = {&quot;Bakhtiari&quot;},
	[&quot;bqj&quot;] = {&quot;Bandial&quot;},
	[&quot;bqk&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Mbrès&quot;},
	[&quot;bql&quot;] = {&quot;Bilakura&quot;},
	[&quot;bqm&quot;] = {&quot;Wumboko&quot;},
	[&quot;bqn&quot;] = {&quot;Bulgarian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bqo&quot;] = {&quot;Balo&quot;},
	[&quot;bqp&quot;] = {&quot;Busa&quot;},
	[&quot;bqq&quot;] = {&quot;Biritai&quot;},
	[&quot;bqr&quot;] = {&quot;Burusu&quot;},
	[&quot;bqs&quot;] = {&quot;Bosngun&quot;},
	[&quot;bqt&quot;] = {&quot;Bamukumbit&quot;},
	[&quot;bqu&quot;] = {&quot;Boguru&quot;},
	[&quot;bqv&quot;] = {&quot;Begbere-Ejar&quot;, &quot;Koro Wachi&quot;},
	[&quot;bqw&quot;] = {&quot;Buru (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bqx&quot;] = {&quot;Baangi&quot;},
	[&quot;bqy&quot;] = {&quot;Bengkala Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bqz&quot;] = {&quot;Bakaka&quot;},
	[&quot;bra&quot;] = {&quot;Braj&quot;},
	[&quot;brb&quot;] = {&quot;Lave&quot;},
	[&quot;brc&quot;] = {&quot;Berbice Creole Dutch&quot;},
	[&quot;brd&quot;] = {&quot;Baraamu&quot;},
	[&quot;bre&quot;] = {&quot;Breton&quot;},
	[&quot;brf&quot;] = {&quot;Bera&quot;},
	[&quot;brg&quot;] = {&quot;Baure&quot;},
	[&quot;brh&quot;] = {&quot;Brahui&quot;},
	[&quot;bri&quot;] = {&quot;Mokpwe&quot;},
	[&quot;brj&quot;] = {&quot;Bieria&quot;},
	[&quot;brk&quot;] = {&quot;Birked&quot;},
	[&quot;brl&quot;] = {&quot;Birwa&quot;},
	[&quot;brm&quot;] = {&quot;Barambu&quot;},
	[&quot;brn&quot;] = {&quot;Boruca&quot;},
	[&quot;bro&quot;] = {&quot;Brokkat&quot;},
	[&quot;brp&quot;] = {&quot;Barapasi&quot;},
	[&quot;brq&quot;] = {&quot;Breri&quot;},
	[&quot;brr&quot;] = {&quot;Birao&quot;},
	[&quot;brs&quot;] = {&quot;Baras&quot;},
	[&quot;brt&quot;] = {&quot;Bitare&quot;},
	[&quot;bru&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Bru&quot;},
	[&quot;brv&quot;] = {&quot;Western Bru&quot;},
	[&quot;brw&quot;] = {&quot;Bellari&quot;},
	[&quot;brx&quot;] = {&quot;Bodo (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;bry&quot;] = {&quot;Burui&quot;},
	[&quot;brz&quot;] = {&quot;Bilbil&quot;},
	[&quot;bsa&quot;] = {&quot;Abinomn&quot;},
	[&quot;bsb&quot;] = {&quot;Brunei Bisaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bsc&quot;] = {&quot;Bassari&quot;, &quot;Oniyan&quot;},
	[&quot;bse&quot;] = {&quot;Wushi&quot;},
	[&quot;bsf&quot;] = {&quot;Bauchi&quot;},
	[&quot;bsg&quot;] = {&quot;Bashkardi&quot;},
	[&quot;bsh&quot;] = {&quot;Kati&quot;},
	[&quot;bsi&quot;] = {&quot;Bassossi&quot;},
	[&quot;bsj&quot;] = {&quot;Bangwinji&quot;},
	[&quot;bsk&quot;] = {&quot;Burushaski&quot;},
	[&quot;bsl&quot;] = {&quot;Basa-Gumna&quot;},
	[&quot;bsm&quot;] = {&quot;Busami&quot;},
	[&quot;bsn&quot;] = {&quot;Barasana-Eduria&quot;},
	[&quot;bso&quot;] = {&quot;Buso&quot;},
	[&quot;bsp&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Sitemu&quot;},
	[&quot;bsq&quot;] = {&quot;Bassa&quot;},
	[&quot;bsr&quot;] = {&quot;Bassa-Kontagora&quot;},
	[&quot;bss&quot;] = {&quot;Akoose&quot;},
	[&quot;bst&quot;] = {&quot;Basketo&quot;},
	[&quot;bsu&quot;] = {&quot;Bahonsuai&quot;},
	[&quot;bsv&quot;] = {&quot;Baga Sobané&quot;},
	[&quot;bsw&quot;] = {&quot;Baiso&quot;},
	[&quot;bsx&quot;] = {&quot;Yangkam&quot;},
	[&quot;bsy&quot;] = {&quot;Sabah Bisaya&quot;},
	[&quot;bta&quot;] = {&quot;Bata&quot;},
	[&quot;btc&quot;] = {&quot;Bati (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;btd&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Dairi&quot;},
	[&quot;bte&quot;] = {&quot;Gamo-Ningi&quot;},
	[&quot;btf&quot;] = {&quot;Birgit&quot;},
	[&quot;btg&quot;] = {&quot;Gagnoa Bété&quot;},
	[&quot;bth&quot;] = {&quot;Biatah Bidayuh&quot;},
	[&quot;bti&quot;] = {&quot;Burate&quot;},
	[&quot;btj&quot;] = {&quot;Bacanese Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;btm&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Mandailing&quot;},
	[&quot;btn&quot;] = {&quot;Ratagnon&quot;},
	[&quot;bto&quot;] = {&quot;Rinconada Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;btp&quot;] = {&quot;Budibud&quot;},
	[&quot;btq&quot;] = {&quot;Batek&quot;},
	[&quot;btr&quot;] = {&quot;Baetora&quot;},
	[&quot;bts&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Simalungun&quot;},
	[&quot;btt&quot;] = {&quot;Bete-Bendi&quot;},
	[&quot;btu&quot;] = {&quot;Batu&quot;},
	[&quot;btv&quot;] = {&quot;Bateri&quot;},
	[&quot;btw&quot;] = {&quot;Butuanon&quot;},
	[&quot;btx&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Karo&quot;},
	[&quot;bty&quot;] = {&quot;Bobot&quot;},
	[&quot;btz&quot;] = {&quot;Batak Alas-Kluet&quot;},
	[&quot;bua&quot;] = {&quot;Buriat&quot;},
	[&quot;bub&quot;] = {&quot;Bua&quot;},
	[&quot;buc&quot;] = {&quot;Bushi&quot;},
	[&quot;bud&quot;] = {&quot;Ntcham&quot;},
	[&quot;bue&quot;] = {&quot;Beothuk&quot;},
	[&quot;buf&quot;] = {&quot;Bushoong&quot;},
	[&quot;bug&quot;] = {&quot;Buginese&quot;},
	[&quot;buh&quot;] = {&quot;Younuo Bunu&quot;},
	[&quot;bui&quot;] = {&quot;Bongili&quot;},
	[&quot;buj&quot;] = {&quot;Basa-Gurmana&quot;},
	[&quot;buk&quot;] = {&quot;Bugawac&quot;},
	[&quot;bul&quot;] = {&quot;Bulgarian&quot;},
	[&quot;bum&quot;] = {&quot;Bulu (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;bun&quot;] = {&quot;Sherbro&quot;},
	[&quot;buo&quot;] = {&quot;Terei&quot;},
	[&quot;bup&quot;] = {&quot;Busoa&quot;},
	[&quot;buq&quot;] = {&quot;Brem&quot;},
	[&quot;bus&quot;] = {&quot;Bokobaru&quot;},
	[&quot;but&quot;] = {&quot;Bungain&quot;},
	[&quot;buu&quot;] = {&quot;Budu&quot;},
	[&quot;buv&quot;] = {&quot;Bun&quot;},
	[&quot;buw&quot;] = {&quot;Bubi&quot;},
	[&quot;bux&quot;] = {&quot;Boghom&quot;},
	[&quot;buy&quot;] = {&quot;Bullom So&quot;},
	[&quot;buz&quot;] = {&quot;Bukwen&quot;},
	[&quot;bva&quot;] = {&quot;Barein&quot;},
	[&quot;bvb&quot;] = {&quot;Bube&quot;},
	[&quot;bvc&quot;] = {&quot;Baelelea&quot;},
	[&quot;bvd&quot;] = {&quot;Baeggu&quot;},
	[&quot;bve&quot;] = {&quot;Berau Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;bvf&quot;] = {&quot;Boor&quot;},
	[&quot;bvg&quot;] = {&quot;Bonkeng&quot;},
	[&quot;bvh&quot;] = {&quot;Bure&quot;},
	[&quot;bvi&quot;] = {&quot;Belanda Viri&quot;},
	[&quot;bvj&quot;] = {&quot;Baan&quot;},
	[&quot;bvk&quot;] = {&quot;Bukat&quot;},
	[&quot;bvl&quot;] = {&quot;Bolivian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bvm&quot;] = {&quot;Bamunka&quot;},
	[&quot;bvn&quot;] = {&quot;Buna&quot;},
	[&quot;bvo&quot;] = {&quot;Bolgo&quot;},
	[&quot;bvp&quot;] = {&quot;Bumang&quot;},
	[&quot;bvq&quot;] = {&quot;Birri&quot;},
	[&quot;bvr&quot;] = {&quot;Burarra&quot;},
	[&quot;bvt&quot;] = {&quot;Bati (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bvu&quot;] = {&quot;Bukit Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;bvv&quot;] = {&quot;Baniva&quot;},
	[&quot;bvw&quot;] = {&quot;Boga&quot;},
	[&quot;bvx&quot;] = {&quot;Dibole&quot;},
	[&quot;bvy&quot;] = {&quot;Baybayanon&quot;},
	[&quot;bvz&quot;] = {&quot;Bauzi&quot;},
	[&quot;bwa&quot;] = {&quot;Bwatoo&quot;},
	[&quot;bwb&quot;] = {&quot;Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua&quot;},
	[&quot;bwc&quot;] = {&quot;Bwile&quot;},
	[&quot;bwd&quot;] = {&quot;Bwaidoka&quot;},
	[&quot;bwe&quot;] = {&quot;Bwe Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;bwf&quot;] = {&quot;Boselewa&quot;},
	[&quot;bwg&quot;] = {&quot;Barwe&quot;},
	[&quot;bwh&quot;] = {&quot;Bishuo&quot;},
	[&quot;bwi&quot;] = {&quot;Baniwa&quot;},
	[&quot;bwj&quot;] = {&quot;Láá Láá Bwamu&quot;},
	[&quot;bwk&quot;] = {&quot;Bauwaki&quot;},
	[&quot;bwl&quot;] = {&quot;Bwela&quot;},
	[&quot;bwm&quot;] = {&quot;Biwat&quot;},
	[&quot;bwn&quot;] = {&quot;Wunai Bunu&quot;},
	[&quot;bwo&quot;] = {&quot;Borna (Ethiopia)&quot;, &quot;Boro (Ethiopia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bwp&quot;] = {&quot;Mandobo Bawah&quot;},
	[&quot;bwq&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Bobo Madaré&quot;},
	[&quot;bwr&quot;] = {&quot;Bura-Pabir&quot;},
	[&quot;bws&quot;] = {&quot;Bomboma&quot;},
	[&quot;bwt&quot;] = {&quot;Bafaw-Balong&quot;},
	[&quot;bwu&quot;] = {&quot;Buli (Ghana)&quot;},
	[&quot;bww&quot;] = {&quot;Bwa&quot;},
	[&quot;bwx&quot;] = {&quot;Bu-Nao Bunu&quot;},
	[&quot;bwy&quot;] = {&quot;Cwi Bwamu&quot;},
	[&quot;bwz&quot;] = {&quot;Bwisi&quot;},
	[&quot;bxa&quot;] = {&quot;Tairaha&quot;},
	[&quot;bxb&quot;] = {&quot;Belanda Bor&quot;},
	[&quot;bxc&quot;] = {&quot;Molengue&quot;},
	[&quot;bxd&quot;] = {&quot;Pela&quot;},
	[&quot;bxe&quot;] = {&quot;Birale&quot;},
	[&quot;bxf&quot;] = {&quot;Bilur&quot;, &quot;Minigir&quot;},
	[&quot;bxg&quot;] = {&quot;Bangala&quot;},
	[&quot;bxh&quot;] = {&quot;Buhutu&quot;},
	[&quot;bxi&quot;] = {&quot;Pirlatapa&quot;},
	[&quot;bxj&quot;] = {&quot;Bayungu&quot;},
	[&quot;bxk&quot;] = {&quot;Bukusu&quot;, &quot;Lubukusu&quot;},
	[&quot;bxl&quot;] = {&quot;Jalkunan&quot;},
	[&quot;bxm&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolia Buriat&quot;},
	[&quot;bxn&quot;] = {&quot;Burduna&quot;},
	[&quot;bxo&quot;] = {&quot;Barikanchi&quot;},
	[&quot;bxp&quot;] = {&quot;Bebil&quot;},
	[&quot;bxq&quot;] = {&quot;Beele&quot;},
	[&quot;bxr&quot;] = {&quot;Russia Buriat&quot;},
	[&quot;bxs&quot;] = {&quot;Busam&quot;},
	[&quot;bxu&quot;] = {&quot;China Buriat&quot;},
	[&quot;bxv&quot;] = {&quot;Berakou&quot;},
	[&quot;bxw&quot;] = {&quot;Bankagooma&quot;},
	[&quot;bxz&quot;] = {&quot;Binahari&quot;},
	[&quot;bya&quot;] = {&quot;Batak&quot;},
	[&quot;byb&quot;] = {&quot;Bikya&quot;},
	[&quot;byc&quot;] = {&quot;Ubaghara&quot;},
	[&quot;byd&quot;] = {&quot;Benyadu'&quot;},
	[&quot;bye&quot;] = {&quot;Pouye&quot;},
	[&quot;byf&quot;] = {&quot;Bete&quot;},
	[&quot;byg&quot;] = {&quot;Baygo&quot;},
	[&quot;byh&quot;] = {&quot;Bhujel&quot;},
	[&quot;byi&quot;] = {&quot;Buyu&quot;},
	[&quot;byj&quot;] = {&quot;Bina (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;byk&quot;] = {&quot;Biao&quot;},
	[&quot;byl&quot;] = {&quot;Bayono&quot;},
	[&quot;bym&quot;] = {&quot;Bidyara&quot;},
	[&quot;byn&quot;] = {&quot;Bilin&quot;, &quot;Blin&quot;},
	[&quot;byo&quot;] = {&quot;Biyo&quot;},
	[&quot;byp&quot;] = {&quot;Bumaji&quot;},
	[&quot;byq&quot;] = {&quot;Basay&quot;},
	[&quot;byr&quot;] = {&quot;Baruya&quot;, &quot;Yipma&quot;},
	[&quot;bys&quot;] = {&quot;Burak&quot;},
	[&quot;byt&quot;] = {&quot;Berti&quot;},
	[&quot;byv&quot;] = {&quot;Medumba&quot;},
	[&quot;byw&quot;] = {&quot;Belhariya&quot;},
	[&quot;byx&quot;] = {&quot;Qaqet&quot;},
	[&quot;byz&quot;] = {&quot;Banaro&quot;},
	[&quot;bza&quot;] = {&quot;Bandi&quot;},
	[&quot;bzb&quot;] = {&quot;Andio&quot;},
	[&quot;bzc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;bzd&quot;] = {&quot;Bribri&quot;},
	[&quot;bze&quot;] = {&quot;Jenaama Bozo&quot;},
	[&quot;bzf&quot;] = {&quot;Boikin&quot;},
	[&quot;bzg&quot;] = {&quot;Babuza&quot;},
	[&quot;bzh&quot;] = {&quot;Mapos Buang&quot;},
	[&quot;bzi&quot;] = {&quot;Bisu&quot;},
	[&quot;bzj&quot;] = {&quot;Belize Kriol English&quot;},
	[&quot;bzk&quot;] = {&quot;Nicaragua Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;bzl&quot;] = {&quot;Boano (Sulawesi)&quot;},
	[&quot;bzm&quot;] = {&quot;Bolondo&quot;},
	[&quot;bzn&quot;] = {&quot;Boano (Maluku)&quot;},
	[&quot;bzo&quot;] = {&quot;Bozaba&quot;},
	[&quot;bzp&quot;] = {&quot;Kemberano&quot;},
	[&quot;bzq&quot;] = {&quot;Buli (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;bzr&quot;] = {&quot;Biri&quot;},
	[&quot;bzs&quot;] = {&quot;Brazilian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;bzt&quot;] = {&quot;Brithenig&quot;},
	[&quot;bzu&quot;] = {&quot;Burmeso&quot;},
	[&quot;bzv&quot;] = {&quot;Naami&quot;},
	[&quot;bzw&quot;] = {&quot;Basa (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;bzx&quot;] = {&quot;Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo&quot;},
	[&quot;bzy&quot;] = {&quot;Obanliku&quot;},
	[&quot;bzz&quot;] = {&quot;Evant&quot;},
	[&quot;caa&quot;] = {&quot;Chortí&quot;},
	[&quot;cab&quot;] = {&quot;Garifuna&quot;},
	[&quot;cac&quot;] = {&quot;Chuj&quot;},
	[&quot;cad&quot;] = {&quot;Caddo&quot;},
	[&quot;cae&quot;] = {&quot;Laalaa&quot;, &quot;Lehar&quot;},
	[&quot;caf&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Carrier&quot;},
	[&quot;cag&quot;] = {&quot;Nivaclé&quot;},
	[&quot;cah&quot;] = {&quot;Cahuarano&quot;},
	[&quot;caj&quot;] = {&quot;Chané&quot;},
	[&quot;cak&quot;] = {&quot;Cakchiquel&quot;, &quot;Kaqchikel&quot;},
	[&quot;cal&quot;] = {&quot;Carolinian&quot;},
	[&quot;cam&quot;] = {&quot;Cemuhî&quot;},
	[&quot;can&quot;] = {&quot;Chambri&quot;},
	[&quot;cao&quot;] = {&quot;Chácobo&quot;},
	[&quot;cap&quot;] = {&quot;Chipaya&quot;},
	[&quot;caq&quot;] = {&quot;Car Nicobarese&quot;},
	[&quot;car&quot;] = {&quot;Galibi Carib&quot;},
	[&quot;cas&quot;] = {&quot;Tsimané&quot;},
	[&quot;cat&quot;] = {&quot;Catalan&quot;, &quot;Valencian&quot;},
	[&quot;cav&quot;] = {&quot;Cavineña&quot;},
	[&quot;caw&quot;] = {&quot;Callawalla&quot;},
	[&quot;cax&quot;] = {&quot;Chiquitano&quot;},
	[&quot;cay&quot;] = {&quot;Cayuga&quot;},
	[&quot;caz&quot;] = {&quot;Canichana&quot;},
	[&quot;cbb&quot;] = {&quot;Cabiyarí&quot;},
	[&quot;cbc&quot;] = {&quot;Carapana&quot;},
	[&quot;cbd&quot;] = {&quot;Carijona&quot;},
	[&quot;cbg&quot;] = {&quot;Chimila&quot;},
	[&quot;cbi&quot;] = {&quot;Chachi&quot;},
	[&quot;cbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ede Cabe&quot;},
	[&quot;cbk&quot;] = {&quot;Chavacano&quot;},
	[&quot;cbl&quot;] = {&quot;Bualkhaw Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cbn&quot;] = {&quot;Nyahkur&quot;},
	[&quot;cbo&quot;] = {&quot;Izora&quot;},
	[&quot;cbq&quot;] = {&quot;Cuba&quot;, &quot;Tsucuba&quot;},
	[&quot;cbr&quot;] = {&quot;Cashibo-Cacataibo&quot;},
	[&quot;cbs&quot;] = {&quot;Cashinahua&quot;},
	[&quot;cbt&quot;] = {&quot;Chayahuita&quot;},
	[&quot;cbu&quot;] = {&quot;Candoshi-Shapra&quot;},
	[&quot;cbv&quot;] = {&quot;Cacua&quot;},
	[&quot;cbw&quot;] = {&quot;Kinabalian&quot;},
	[&quot;cby&quot;] = {&quot;Carabayo&quot;},
	[&quot;cca&quot;] = {&quot;Cauca&quot;},
	[&quot;ccc&quot;] = {&quot;Chamicuro&quot;},
	[&quot;ccd&quot;] = {&quot;Cafundo Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;cce&quot;] = {&quot;Chopi&quot;},
	[&quot;ccg&quot;] = {&quot;Samba Daka&quot;},
	[&quot;cch&quot;] = {&quot;Atsam&quot;},
	[&quot;ccj&quot;] = {&quot;Kasanga&quot;},
	[&quot;ccl&quot;] = {&quot;Cutchi-Swahili&quot;},
	[&quot;ccm&quot;] = {&quot;Malaccan Creole Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;cco&quot;] = {&quot;Comaltepec Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;ccp&quot;] = {&quot;Chakma&quot;},
	[&quot;ccr&quot;] = {&quot;Cacaopera&quot;},
	[&quot;cda&quot;] = {&quot;Choni&quot;},
	[&quot;cde&quot;] = {&quot;Chenchu&quot;},
	[&quot;cdf&quot;] = {&quot;Chiru&quot;},
	[&quot;cdg&quot;] = {&quot;Chamari&quot;},
	[&quot;cdh&quot;] = {&quot;Chambeali&quot;},
	[&quot;cdi&quot;] = {&quot;Chodri&quot;},
	[&quot;cdj&quot;] = {&quot;Churahi&quot;},
	[&quot;cdm&quot;] = {&quot;Chepang&quot;},
	[&quot;cdn&quot;] = {&quot;Chaudangsi&quot;},
	[&quot;cdo&quot;] = {&quot;Min Dong Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;cdr&quot;] = {&quot;Cinda-Regi-Tiyal&quot;},
	[&quot;cds&quot;] = {&quot;Chadian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;cdy&quot;] = {&quot;Chadong&quot;},
	[&quot;cdz&quot;] = {&quot;Koda&quot;},
	[&quot;cea&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Chehalis&quot;},
	[&quot;ceb&quot;] = {&quot;Cebuano&quot;},
	[&quot;ceg&quot;] = {&quot;Chamacoco&quot;},
	[&quot;cek&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Khumi Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cen&quot;] = {&quot;Cen&quot;},
	[&quot;ces&quot;] = {&quot;Czech&quot;},
	[&quot;cet&quot;] = {&quot;Centúúm&quot;},
	[&quot;cfa&quot;] = {&quot;Dijim-Bwilim&quot;},
	[&quot;cfd&quot;] = {&quot;Cara&quot;},
	[&quot;cfg&quot;] = {&quot;Como Karim&quot;},
	[&quot;cfm&quot;] = {&quot;Falam Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cga&quot;] = {&quot;Changriwa&quot;},
	[&quot;cgc&quot;] = {&quot;Kagayanen&quot;},
	[&quot;cgg&quot;] = {&quot;Chiga&quot;},
	[&quot;cgk&quot;] = {&quot;Chocangacakha&quot;},
	[&quot;cha&quot;] = {&quot;Chamorro&quot;},
	[&quot;chb&quot;] = {&quot;Chibcha&quot;},
	[&quot;chc&quot;] = {&quot;Catawba&quot;},
	[&quot;chd&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Oaxaca Chontal&quot;},
	[&quot;che&quot;] = {&quot;Chechen&quot;},
	[&quot;chf&quot;] = {&quot;Tabasco Chontal&quot;},
	[&quot;chg&quot;] = {&quot;Chagatai&quot;},
	[&quot;chh&quot;] = {&quot;Chinook&quot;},
	[&quot;chj&quot;] = {&quot;Ojitlán Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;chk&quot;] = {&quot;Chuukese&quot;},
	[&quot;chl&quot;] = {&quot;Cahuilla&quot;},
	[&quot;chm&quot;] = {&quot;Mari (Russia)&quot;},
	[&quot;chn&quot;] = {&quot;Chinook jargon&quot;},
	[&quot;cho&quot;] = {&quot;Choctaw&quot;},
	[&quot;chp&quot;] = {&quot;Chipewyan&quot;, &quot;Dene Suline&quot;},
	[&quot;chq&quot;] = {&quot;Quiotepec Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;chr&quot;] = {&quot;Cherokee&quot;},
	[&quot;cht&quot;] = {&quot;Cholón&quot;},
	[&quot;chu&quot;] = {&quot;Church Slavic&quot;, &quot;Church Slavonic&quot;, &quot;Old Bulgarian&quot;, &quot;Old Church Slavonic&quot;, &quot;Old Slavonic&quot;},
	[&quot;chv&quot;] = {&quot;Chuvash&quot;},
	[&quot;chw&quot;] = {&quot;Chuwabu&quot;},
	[&quot;chx&quot;] = {&quot;Chantyal&quot;},
	[&quot;chy&quot;] = {&quot;Cheyenne&quot;},
	[&quot;chz&quot;] = {&quot;Ozumacín Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cia&quot;] = {&quot;Cia-Cia&quot;},
	[&quot;cib&quot;] = {&quot;Ci Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;cic&quot;] = {&quot;Chickasaw&quot;},
	[&quot;cid&quot;] = {&quot;Chimariko&quot;},
	[&quot;cie&quot;] = {&quot;Cineni&quot;},
	[&quot;cih&quot;] = {&quot;Chinali&quot;},
	[&quot;cik&quot;] = {&quot;Chitkuli Kinnauri&quot;},
	[&quot;cim&quot;] = {&quot;Cimbrian&quot;},
	[&quot;cin&quot;] = {&quot;Cinta Larga&quot;},
	[&quot;cip&quot;] = {&quot;Chiapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;cir&quot;] = {&quot;Haméa&quot;, &quot;Méa&quot;, &quot;Tiri&quot;},
	[&quot;ciw&quot;] = {&quot;Chippewa&quot;},
	[&quot;ciy&quot;] = {&quot;Chaima&quot;},
	[&quot;cja&quot;] = {&quot;Western Cham&quot;},
	[&quot;cje&quot;] = {&quot;Chru&quot;},
	[&quot;cjh&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Chehalis&quot;},
	[&quot;cji&quot;] = {&quot;Chamalal&quot;},
	[&quot;cjk&quot;] = {&quot;Chokwe&quot;},
	[&quot;cjm&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Cham&quot;},
	[&quot;cjn&quot;] = {&quot;Chenapian&quot;},
	[&quot;cjo&quot;] = {&quot;Ashéninka Pajonal&quot;},
	[&quot;cjp&quot;] = {&quot;Cabécar&quot;},
	[&quot;cjs&quot;] = {&quot;Shor&quot;},
	[&quot;cjv&quot;] = {&quot;Chuave&quot;},
	[&quot;cjy&quot;] = {&quot;Jinyu Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;ckb&quot;] = {&quot;Central Kurdish&quot;},
	[&quot;ckh&quot;] = {&quot;Chak&quot;},
	[&quot;ckl&quot;] = {&quot;Cibak&quot;},
	[&quot;ckn&quot;] = {&quot;Kaang Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cko&quot;] = {&quot;Anufo&quot;},
	[&quot;ckq&quot;] = {&quot;Kajakse&quot;},
	[&quot;ckr&quot;] = {&quot;Kairak&quot;},
	[&quot;cks&quot;] = {&quot;Tayo&quot;},
	[&quot;ckt&quot;] = {&quot;Chukot&quot;},
	[&quot;cku&quot;] = {&quot;Koasati&quot;},
	[&quot;ckv&quot;] = {&quot;Kavalan&quot;},
	[&quot;ckx&quot;] = {&quot;Caka&quot;},
	[&quot;cky&quot;] = {&quot;Cakfem-Mushere&quot;},
	[&quot;ckz&quot;] = {&quot;Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language&quot;},
	[&quot;cla&quot;] = {&quot;Ron&quot;},
	[&quot;clc&quot;] = {&quot;Chilcotin&quot;},
	[&quot;cld&quot;] = {&quot;Chaldean Neo-Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;cle&quot;] = {&quot;Lealao Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;clh&quot;] = {&quot;Chilisso&quot;},
	[&quot;cli&quot;] = {&quot;Chakali&quot;},
	[&quot;clj&quot;] = {&quot;Laitu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;clk&quot;] = {&quot;Idu-Mishmi&quot;},
	[&quot;cll&quot;] = {&quot;Chala&quot;},
	[&quot;clm&quot;] = {&quot;Clallam&quot;},
	[&quot;clo&quot;] = {&quot;Lowland Oaxaca Chontal&quot;},
	[&quot;clt&quot;] = {&quot;Lautu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;clu&quot;] = {&quot;Caluyanun&quot;},
	[&quot;clw&quot;] = {&quot;Chulym&quot;},
	[&quot;cly&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Highland Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;cma&quot;] = {&quot;Maa&quot;},
	[&quot;cme&quot;] = {&quot;Cerma&quot;},
	[&quot;cmg&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;cmi&quot;] = {&quot;Emberá-Chamí&quot;},
	[&quot;cml&quot;] = {&quot;Campalagian&quot;},
	[&quot;cmm&quot;] = {&quot;Michigamea&quot;},
	[&quot;cmn&quot;] = {&quot;Mandarin Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;cmo&quot;] = {&quot;Central Mnong&quot;},
	[&quot;cmr&quot;] = {&quot;Mro-Khimi Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cms&quot;] = {&quot;Messapic&quot;},
	[&quot;cmt&quot;] = {&quot;Camtho&quot;},
	[&quot;cna&quot;] = {&quot;Changthang&quot;},
	[&quot;cnb&quot;] = {&quot;Chinbon Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cnc&quot;] = {&quot;Côông&quot;},
	[&quot;cng&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Qiang&quot;},
	[&quot;cnh&quot;] = {&quot;Haka Chin&quot;, &quot;Hakha Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cni&quot;] = {&quot;Asháninka&quot;},
	[&quot;cnk&quot;] = {&quot;Khumi Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cnl&quot;] = {&quot;Lalana Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cno&quot;] = {&quot;Con&quot;},
	[&quot;cnr&quot;] = {&quot;Montenegrin&quot;},
	[&quot;cns&quot;] = {&quot;Central Asmat&quot;},
	[&quot;cnt&quot;] = {&quot;Tepetotutla Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cnu&quot;] = {&quot;Chenoua&quot;},
	[&quot;cnw&quot;] = {&quot;Ngawn Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cnx&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Cornish&quot;},
	[&quot;coa&quot;] = {&quot;Cocos Islands Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;cob&quot;] = {&quot;Chicomuceltec&quot;},
	[&quot;coc&quot;] = {&quot;Cocopa&quot;},
	[&quot;cod&quot;] = {&quot;Cocama-Cocamilla&quot;},
	[&quot;coe&quot;] = {&quot;Koreguaje&quot;},
	[&quot;cof&quot;] = {&quot;Colorado&quot;},
	[&quot;cog&quot;] = {&quot;Chong&quot;},
	[&quot;coh&quot;] = {&quot;Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma&quot;, &quot;Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma&quot;},
	[&quot;coj&quot;] = {&quot;Cochimi&quot;},
	[&quot;cok&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Teresa Cora&quot;},
	[&quot;col&quot;] = {&quot;Columbia-Wenatchi&quot;},
	[&quot;com&quot;] = {&quot;Comanche&quot;},
	[&quot;con&quot;] = {&quot;Cofán&quot;},
	[&quot;coo&quot;] = {&quot;Comox&quot;},
	[&quot;cop&quot;] = {&quot;Coptic&quot;},
	[&quot;coq&quot;] = {&quot;Coquille&quot;},
	[&quot;cor&quot;] = {&quot;Cornish&quot;},
	[&quot;cos&quot;] = {&quot;Corsican&quot;},
	[&quot;cot&quot;] = {&quot;Caquinte&quot;},
	[&quot;cou&quot;] = {&quot;Wamey&quot;},
	[&quot;cov&quot;] = {&quot;Cao Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;cow&quot;] = {&quot;Cowlitz&quot;},
	[&quot;cox&quot;] = {&quot;Nanti&quot;},
	[&quot;coz&quot;] = {&quot;Chochotec&quot;},
	[&quot;cpa&quot;] = {&quot;Palantla Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cpb&quot;] = {&quot;Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka&quot;},
	[&quot;cpc&quot;] = {&quot;Ajyíninka Apurucayali&quot;},
	[&quot;cpg&quot;] = {&quot;Cappadocian Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;cpi&quot;] = {&quot;Chinese Pidgin English&quot;},
	[&quot;cpn&quot;] = {&quot;Cherepon&quot;},
	[&quot;cpo&quot;] = {&quot;Kpeego&quot;},
	[&quot;cps&quot;] = {&quot;Capiznon&quot;},
	[&quot;cpu&quot;] = {&quot;Pichis Ashéninka&quot;},
	[&quot;cpx&quot;] = {&quot;Pu-Xian Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;cpy&quot;] = {&quot;South Ucayali Ashéninka&quot;},
	[&quot;cqd&quot;] = {&quot;Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;cra&quot;] = {&quot;Chara&quot;},
	[&quot;crb&quot;] = {&quot;Island Carib&quot;},
	[&quot;crc&quot;] = {&quot;Lonwolwol&quot;},
	[&quot;crd&quot;] = {&quot;Coeur d'Alene&quot;},
	[&quot;cre&quot;] = {&quot;Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;crf&quot;] = {&quot;Caramanta&quot;},
	[&quot;crg&quot;] = {&quot;Michif&quot;},
	[&quot;crh&quot;] = {&quot;Crimean Tatar&quot;, &quot;Crimean Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;cri&quot;] = {&quot;Sãotomense&quot;},
	[&quot;crj&quot;] = {&quot;Southern East Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;crk&quot;] = {&quot;Plains Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;crl&quot;] = {&quot;Northern East Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;crm&quot;] = {&quot;Moose Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;crn&quot;] = {&quot;El Nayar Cora&quot;},
	[&quot;cro&quot;] = {&quot;Crow&quot;},
	[&quot;crq&quot;] = {&quot;Iyo'wujwa Chorote&quot;},
	[&quot;crr&quot;] = {&quot;Carolina Algonquian&quot;},
	[&quot;crs&quot;] = {&quot;Seselwa Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;crt&quot;] = {&quot;Iyojwa'ja Chorote&quot;},
	[&quot;crv&quot;] = {&quot;Chaura&quot;},
	[&quot;crw&quot;] = {&quot;Chrau&quot;},
	[&quot;crx&quot;] = {&quot;Carrier&quot;},
	[&quot;cry&quot;] = {&quot;Cori&quot;},
	[&quot;crz&quot;] = {&quot;Cruzeño&quot;},
	[&quot;csa&quot;] = {&quot;Chiltepec Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;csb&quot;] = {&quot;Kashubian&quot;},
	[&quot;csc&quot;] = {&quot;Catalan Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Lengua de señas catalana&quot;, &quot;Llengua de Signes Catalana&quot;},
	[&quot;csd&quot;] = {&quot;Chiangmai Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;cse&quot;] = {&quot;Czech Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csf&quot;] = {&quot;Cuba Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csg&quot;] = {&quot;Chilean Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csh&quot;] = {&quot;Asho Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;csi&quot;] = {&quot;Coast Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;csj&quot;] = {&quot;Songlai Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;csk&quot;] = {&quot;Jola-Kasa&quot;},
	[&quot;csl&quot;] = {&quot;Chinese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csm&quot;] = {&quot;Central Sierra Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;csn&quot;] = {&quot;Colombian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;cso&quot;] = {&quot;Sochiapam Chinantec&quot;, &quot;Sochiapan Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;csq&quot;] = {&quot;Croatia Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;csr&quot;] = {&quot;Costa Rican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;css&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Ohlone&quot;},
	[&quot;cst&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Ohlone&quot;},
	[&quot;csv&quot;] = {&quot;Sumtu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;csw&quot;] = {&quot;Swampy Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;csy&quot;] = {&quot;Siyin Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;csz&quot;] = {&quot;Coos&quot;},
	[&quot;cta&quot;] = {&quot;Tataltepec Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;ctc&quot;] = {&quot;Chetco&quot;},
	[&quot;ctd&quot;] = {&quot;Tedim Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;cte&quot;] = {&quot;Tepinapa Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;ctg&quot;] = {&quot;Chittagonian&quot;},
	[&quot;cth&quot;] = {&quot;Thaiphum Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;ctl&quot;] = {&quot;Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;ctm&quot;] = {&quot;Chitimacha&quot;},
	[&quot;ctn&quot;] = {&quot;Chhintange&quot;},
	[&quot;cto&quot;] = {&quot;Emberá-Catío&quot;},
	[&quot;ctp&quot;] = {&quot;Western Highland Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;cts&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Catanduanes Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;ctt&quot;] = {&quot;Wayanad Chetti&quot;},
	[&quot;ctu&quot;] = {&quot;Chol&quot;},
	[&quot;ctz&quot;] = {&quot;Zacatepec Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;cua&quot;] = {&quot;Cua&quot;},
	[&quot;cub&quot;] = {&quot;Cubeo&quot;},
	[&quot;cuc&quot;] = {&quot;Usila Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cug&quot;] = {&quot;Chungmboko&quot;, &quot;Cung&quot;},
	[&quot;cuh&quot;] = {&quot;Chuka&quot;, &quot;Gichuka&quot;},
	[&quot;cui&quot;] = {&quot;Cuiba&quot;},
	[&quot;cuj&quot;] = {&quot;Mashco Piro&quot;},
	[&quot;cuk&quot;] = {&quot;San Blas Kuna&quot;},
	[&quot;cul&quot;] = {&quot;Culina&quot;, &quot;Kulina&quot;},
	[&quot;cuo&quot;] = {&quot;Cumanagoto&quot;},
	[&quot;cup&quot;] = {&quot;Cupeño&quot;},
	[&quot;cuq&quot;] = {&quot;Cun&quot;},
	[&quot;cur&quot;] = {&quot;Chhulung&quot;},
	[&quot;cut&quot;] = {&quot;Teutila Cuicatec&quot;},
	[&quot;cuu&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Ya&quot;},
	[&quot;cuv&quot;] = {&quot;Cuvok&quot;},
	[&quot;cuw&quot;] = {&quot;Chukwa&quot;},
	[&quot;cux&quot;] = {&quot;Tepeuxila Cuicatec&quot;},
	[&quot;cuy&quot;] = {&quot;Cuitlatec&quot;},
	[&quot;cvg&quot;] = {&quot;Chug&quot;},
	[&quot;cvn&quot;] = {&quot;Valle Nacional Chinantec&quot;},
	[&quot;cwa&quot;] = {&quot;Kabwa&quot;},
	[&quot;cwb&quot;] = {&quot;Maindo&quot;},
	[&quot;cwd&quot;] = {&quot;Woods Cree&quot;},
	[&quot;cwe&quot;] = {&quot;Kwere&quot;},
	[&quot;cwg&quot;] = {&quot;Cheq Wong&quot;, &quot;Chewong&quot;},
	[&quot;cwt&quot;] = {&quot;Kuwaataay&quot;},
	[&quot;cya&quot;] = {&quot;Nopala Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;cyb&quot;] = {&quot;Cayubaba&quot;},
	[&quot;cym&quot;] = {&quot;Welsh&quot;},
	[&quot;cyo&quot;] = {&quot;Cuyonon&quot;},
	[&quot;czh&quot;] = {&quot;Huizhou Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;czk&quot;] = {&quot;Knaanic&quot;},
	[&quot;czn&quot;] = {&quot;Zenzontepec Chatino&quot;},
	[&quot;czo&quot;] = {&quot;Min Zhong Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;czt&quot;] = {&quot;Zotung Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;daa&quot;] = {&quot;Dangaléat&quot;},
	[&quot;dac&quot;] = {&quot;Dambi&quot;},
	[&quot;dad&quot;] = {&quot;Marik&quot;},
	[&quot;dae&quot;] = {&quot;Duupa&quot;},
	[&quot;dag&quot;] = {&quot;Dagbani&quot;},
	[&quot;dah&quot;] = {&quot;Gwahatike&quot;},
	[&quot;dai&quot;] = {&quot;Day&quot;},
	[&quot;daj&quot;] = {&quot;Dar Fur Daju&quot;},
	[&quot;dak&quot;] = {&quot;Dakota&quot;},
	[&quot;dal&quot;] = {&quot;Dahalo&quot;},
	[&quot;dam&quot;] = {&quot;Damakawa&quot;},
	[&quot;dan&quot;] = {&quot;Danish&quot;},
	[&quot;dao&quot;] = {&quot;Daai Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;daq&quot;] = {&quot;Dandami Maria&quot;},
	[&quot;dar&quot;] = {&quot;Dargwa&quot;},
	[&quot;das&quot;] = {&quot;Daho-Doo&quot;},
	[&quot;dau&quot;] = {&quot;Dar Sila Daju&quot;},
	[&quot;dav&quot;] = {&quot;Dawida&quot;, &quot;Taita&quot;},
	[&quot;daw&quot;] = {&quot;Davawenyo&quot;},
	[&quot;dax&quot;] = {&quot;Dayi&quot;},
	[&quot;daz&quot;] = {&quot;Dao&quot;},
	[&quot;dba&quot;] = {&quot;Bangime&quot;},
	[&quot;dbb&quot;] = {&quot;Deno&quot;},
	[&quot;dbd&quot;] = {&quot;Dadiya&quot;},
	[&quot;dbe&quot;] = {&quot;Dabe&quot;},
	[&quot;dbf&quot;] = {&quot;Edopi&quot;},
	[&quot;dbg&quot;] = {&quot;Dogul Dom Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dbi&quot;] = {&quot;Doka&quot;},
	[&quot;dbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ida'an&quot;},
	[&quot;dbl&quot;] = {&quot;Dyirbal&quot;},
	[&quot;dbm&quot;] = {&quot;Duguri&quot;},
	[&quot;dbn&quot;] = {&quot;Duriankere&quot;},
	[&quot;dbo&quot;] = {&quot;Dulbu&quot;},
	[&quot;dbp&quot;] = {&quot;Duwai&quot;},
	[&quot;dbq&quot;] = {&quot;Daba&quot;},
	[&quot;dbr&quot;] = {&quot;Dabarre&quot;},
	[&quot;dbt&quot;] = {&quot;Ben Tey Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dbu&quot;] = {&quot;Bondum Dom Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dbv&quot;] = {&quot;Dungu&quot;},
	[&quot;dbw&quot;] = {&quot;Bankan Tey Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dby&quot;] = {&quot;Dibiyaso&quot;},
	[&quot;dcc&quot;] = {&quot;Deccan&quot;},
	[&quot;dcr&quot;] = {&quot;Negerhollands&quot;},
	[&quot;dda&quot;] = {&quot;Dadi Dadi&quot;},
	[&quot;ddd&quot;] = {&quot;Dongotono&quot;},
	[&quot;dde&quot;] = {&quot;Doondo&quot;},
	[&quot;ddg&quot;] = {&quot;Fataluku&quot;},
	[&quot;ddi&quot;] = {&quot;West Goodenough&quot;},
	[&quot;ddj&quot;] = {&quot;Jaru&quot;},
	[&quot;ddn&quot;] = {&quot;Dendi (Benin)&quot;},
	[&quot;ddo&quot;] = {&quot;Dido&quot;},
	[&quot;ddr&quot;] = {&quot;Dhudhuroa&quot;},
	[&quot;dds&quot;] = {&quot;Donno So Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;ddw&quot;] = {&quot;Dawera-Daweloor&quot;},
	[&quot;dec&quot;] = {&quot;Dagik&quot;},
	[&quot;ded&quot;] = {&quot;Dedua&quot;},
	[&quot;dee&quot;] = {&quot;Dewoin&quot;},
	[&quot;def&quot;] = {&quot;Dezfuli&quot;},
	[&quot;deg&quot;] = {&quot;Degema&quot;},
	[&quot;deh&quot;] = {&quot;Dehwari&quot;},
	[&quot;dei&quot;] = {&quot;Demisa&quot;},
	[&quot;dek&quot;] = {&quot;Dek&quot;},
	[&quot;del&quot;] = {&quot;Delaware&quot;},
	[&quot;dem&quot;] = {&quot;Dem&quot;},
	[&quot;den&quot;] = {&quot;Slave (Athapascan)&quot;},
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = {&quot;Pidgin Delaware&quot;},
	[&quot;deq&quot;] = {&quot;Dendi (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;der&quot;] = {&quot;Deori&quot;},
	[&quot;des&quot;] = {&quot;Desano&quot;},
	[&quot;deu&quot;] = {&quot;German&quot;},
	[&quot;dev&quot;] = {&quot;Domung&quot;},
	[&quot;dez&quot;] = {&quot;Dengese&quot;},
	[&quot;dga&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Dagaare&quot;},
	[&quot;dgb&quot;] = {&quot;Bunoge Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dgc&quot;] = {&quot;Casiguran Dumagat Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;dgd&quot;] = {&quot;Dagaari Dioula&quot;},
	[&quot;dge&quot;] = {&quot;Degenan&quot;},
	[&quot;dgg&quot;] = {&quot;Doga&quot;},
	[&quot;dgh&quot;] = {&quot;Dghwede&quot;},
	[&quot;dgi&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Dagara&quot;},
	[&quot;dgk&quot;] = {&quot;Dagba&quot;},
	[&quot;dgl&quot;] = {&quot;Andaandi&quot;, &quot;Dongolawi&quot;},
	[&quot;dgn&quot;] = {&quot;Dagoman&quot;},
	[&quot;dgo&quot;] = {&quot;Dogri (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;dgr&quot;] = {&quot;Dogrib&quot;},
	[&quot;dgs&quot;] = {&quot;Dogoso&quot;},
	[&quot;dgt&quot;] = {&quot;Ndra'ngith&quot;},
	[&quot;dgu&quot;] = {&quot;Degaru&quot;},
	[&quot;dgw&quot;] = {&quot;Daungwurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;dgx&quot;] = {&quot;Doghoro&quot;},
	[&quot;dgz&quot;] = {&quot;Daga&quot;},
	[&quot;dhd&quot;] = {&quot;Dhundari&quot;},
	[&quot;dhg&quot;] = {&quot;Dhangu&quot;, &quot;Dhangu-Djangu&quot;, &quot;Djangu&quot;},
	[&quot;dhi&quot;] = {&quot;Dhimal&quot;},
	[&quot;dhl&quot;] = {&quot;Dhalandji&quot;},
	[&quot;dhm&quot;] = {&quot;Zemba&quot;},
	[&quot;dhn&quot;] = {&quot;Dhanki&quot;},
	[&quot;dho&quot;] = {&quot;Dhodia&quot;},
	[&quot;dhr&quot;] = {&quot;Dhargari&quot;},
	[&quot;dhs&quot;] = {&quot;Dhaiso&quot;},
	[&quot;dhu&quot;] = {&quot;Dhurga&quot;},
	[&quot;dhv&quot;] = {&quot;Dehu&quot;, &quot;Drehu&quot;},
	[&quot;dhw&quot;] = {&quot;Dhanwar (Nepal)&quot;},
	[&quot;dhx&quot;] = {&quot;Dhungaloo&quot;},
	[&quot;dia&quot;] = {&quot;Dia&quot;},
	[&quot;dib&quot;] = {&quot;South Central Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dic&quot;] = {&quot;Lakota Dida&quot;},
	[&quot;did&quot;] = {&quot;Didinga&quot;},
	[&quot;dif&quot;] = {&quot;Dieri&quot;},
	[&quot;dig&quot;] = {&quot;Chidigo&quot;, &quot;Digo&quot;},
	[&quot;dih&quot;] = {&quot;Kumiai&quot;},
	[&quot;dii&quot;] = {&quot;Dimbong&quot;},
	[&quot;dij&quot;] = {&quot;Dai&quot;},
	[&quot;dik&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dil&quot;] = {&quot;Dilling&quot;},
	[&quot;dim&quot;] = {&quot;Dime&quot;},
	[&quot;din&quot;] = {&quot;Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dio&quot;] = {&quot;Dibo&quot;},
	[&quot;dip&quot;] = {&quot;Northeastern Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;diq&quot;] = {&quot;Dimli (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;dir&quot;] = {&quot;Dirim&quot;},
	[&quot;dis&quot;] = {&quot;Dimasa&quot;},
	[&quot;dit&quot;] = {&quot;Dirari&quot;},
	[&quot;diu&quot;] = {&quot;Diriku&quot;},
	[&quot;div&quot;] = {&quot;Dhivehi&quot;, &quot;Divehi&quot;, &quot;Maldivian&quot;},
	[&quot;diw&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dix&quot;] = {&quot;Dixon Reef&quot;},
	[&quot;diy&quot;] = {&quot;Diuwe&quot;},
	[&quot;diz&quot;] = {&quot;Ding&quot;},
	[&quot;dja&quot;] = {&quot;Djadjawurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;djb&quot;] = {&quot;Djinba&quot;},
	[&quot;djc&quot;] = {&quot;Dar Daju Daju&quot;},
	[&quot;djd&quot;] = {&quot;Djamindjung&quot;},
	[&quot;dje&quot;] = {&quot;Zarma&quot;},
	[&quot;djf&quot;] = {&quot;Djangun&quot;},
	[&quot;dji&quot;] = {&quot;Djinang&quot;},
	[&quot;djj&quot;] = {&quot;Djeebbana&quot;},
	[&quot;djk&quot;] = {&quot;Businenge Tongo&quot;, &quot;Eastern Maroon Creole&quot;, &quot;Nenge&quot;},
	[&quot;djm&quot;] = {&quot;Jamsay Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;djn&quot;] = {&quot;Djauan&quot;},
	[&quot;djo&quot;] = {&quot;Jangkang&quot;},
	[&quot;djr&quot;] = {&quot;Djambarrpuyngu&quot;},
	[&quot;dju&quot;] = {&quot;Kapriman&quot;},
	[&quot;djw&quot;] = {&quot;Djawi&quot;},
	[&quot;dka&quot;] = {&quot;Dakpakha&quot;},
	[&quot;dkk&quot;] = {&quot;Dakka&quot;},
	[&quot;dkr&quot;] = {&quot;Kuijau&quot;},
	[&quot;dks&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Dinka&quot;},
	[&quot;dkx&quot;] = {&quot;Mazagway&quot;},
	[&quot;dlg&quot;] = {&quot;Dolgan&quot;},
	[&quot;dlk&quot;] = {&quot;Dahalik&quot;},
	[&quot;dlm&quot;] = {&quot;Dalmatian&quot;},
	[&quot;dln&quot;] = {&quot;Darlong&quot;},
	[&quot;dma&quot;] = {&quot;Duma&quot;},
	[&quot;dmb&quot;] = {&quot;Mombo Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dmc&quot;] = {&quot;Gavak&quot;},
	[&quot;dmd&quot;] = {&quot;Madhi Madhi&quot;},
	[&quot;dme&quot;] = {&quot;Dugwor&quot;},
	[&quot;dmg&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Kinabatangan&quot;},
	[&quot;dmk&quot;] = {&quot;Domaaki&quot;},
	[&quot;dml&quot;] = {&quot;Dameli&quot;},
	[&quot;dmm&quot;] = {&quot;Dama&quot;},
	[&quot;dmo&quot;] = {&quot;Kemedzung&quot;},
	[&quot;dmr&quot;] = {&quot;East Damar&quot;},
	[&quot;dms&quot;] = {&quot;Dampelas&quot;},
	[&quot;dmu&quot;] = {&quot;Dubu&quot;, &quot;Tebi&quot;},
	[&quot;dmv&quot;] = {&quot;Dumpas&quot;},
	[&quot;dmw&quot;] = {&quot;Mudburra&quot;},
	[&quot;dmx&quot;] = {&quot;Dema&quot;},
	[&quot;dmy&quot;] = {&quot;Demta&quot;, &quot;Sowari&quot;},
	[&quot;dna&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Grand Valley Dani&quot;},
	[&quot;dnd&quot;] = {&quot;Daonda&quot;},
	[&quot;dne&quot;] = {&quot;Ndendeule&quot;},
	[&quot;dng&quot;] = {&quot;Dungan&quot;},
	[&quot;dni&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Grand Valley Dani&quot;},
	[&quot;dnj&quot;] = {&quot;Dan&quot;},
	[&quot;dnk&quot;] = {&quot;Dengka&quot;},
	[&quot;dnn&quot;] = {&quot;Dzùùngoo&quot;},
	[&quot;dnr&quot;] = {&quot;Danaru&quot;},
	[&quot;dnt&quot;] = {&quot;Mid Grand Valley Dani&quot;},
	[&quot;dnu&quot;] = {&quot;Danau&quot;},
	[&quot;dnv&quot;] = {&quot;Danu&quot;},
	[&quot;dnw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Dani&quot;},
	[&quot;dny&quot;] = {&quot;Dení&quot;},
	[&quot;doa&quot;] = {&quot;Dom&quot;},
	[&quot;dob&quot;] = {&quot;Dobu&quot;},
	[&quot;doc&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Dong&quot;},
	[&quot;doe&quot;] = {&quot;Doe&quot;},
	[&quot;dof&quot;] = {&quot;Domu&quot;},
	[&quot;doh&quot;] = {&quot;Dong&quot;},
	[&quot;doi&quot;] = {&quot;Dogri (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;dok&quot;] = {&quot;Dondo&quot;},
	[&quot;dol&quot;] = {&quot;Doso&quot;},
	[&quot;don&quot;] = {&quot;Toura (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;doo&quot;] = {&quot;Dongo&quot;},
	[&quot;dop&quot;] = {&quot;Lukpa&quot;},
	[&quot;doq&quot;] = {&quot;Dominican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;dor&quot;] = {&quot;Dori'o&quot;},
	[&quot;dos&quot;] = {&quot;Dogosé&quot;},
	[&quot;dot&quot;] = {&quot;Dass&quot;},
	[&quot;dov&quot;] = {&quot;Dombe&quot;},
	[&quot;dow&quot;] = {&quot;Doyayo&quot;},
	[&quot;dox&quot;] = {&quot;Bussa&quot;},
	[&quot;doy&quot;] = {&quot;Dompo&quot;},
	[&quot;doz&quot;] = {&quot;Dorze&quot;},
	[&quot;dpp&quot;] = {&quot;Papar&quot;},
	[&quot;drb&quot;] = {&quot;Dair&quot;},
	[&quot;drc&quot;] = {&quot;Minderico&quot;},
	[&quot;drd&quot;] = {&quot;Darmiya&quot;},
	[&quot;dre&quot;] = {&quot;Dolpo&quot;},
	[&quot;drg&quot;] = {&quot;Rungus&quot;},
	[&quot;dri&quot;] = {&quot;C'Lela&quot;},
	[&quot;drl&quot;] = {&quot;Paakantyi&quot;},
	[&quot;drn&quot;] = {&quot;West Damar&quot;},
	[&quot;dro&quot;] = {&quot;Daro-Matu Melanau&quot;},
	[&quot;drq&quot;] = {&quot;Dura&quot;},
	[&quot;drr&quot;] = {&quot;Dororo&quot;},
	[&quot;drs&quot;] = {&quot;Gedeo&quot;},
	[&quot;drt&quot;] = {&quot;Drents&quot;},
	[&quot;dru&quot;] = {&quot;Rukai&quot;},
	[&quot;dry&quot;] = {&quot;Darai&quot;},
	[&quot;dsb&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Sorbian&quot;},
	[&quot;dse&quot;] = {&quot;Dutch Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;dsh&quot;] = {&quot;Daasanach&quot;},
	[&quot;dsi&quot;] = {&quot;Disa&quot;},
	[&quot;dsl&quot;] = {&quot;Danish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;dsn&quot;] = {&quot;Dusner&quot;},
	[&quot;dso&quot;] = {&quot;Desiya&quot;},
	[&quot;dsq&quot;] = {&quot;Tadaksahak&quot;},
	[&quot;dta&quot;] = {&quot;Daur&quot;},
	[&quot;dtb&quot;] = {&quot;Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan&quot;},
	[&quot;dtd&quot;] = {&quot;Ditidaht&quot;},
	[&quot;dth&quot;] = {&quot;Adithinngithigh&quot;},
	[&quot;dti&quot;] = {&quot;Ana Tinga Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtk&quot;] = {&quot;Tene Kan Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtm&quot;] = {&quot;Tomo Kan Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtn&quot;] = {&quot;Daatsʼíin&quot;},
	[&quot;dto&quot;] = {&quot;Tommo So Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtp&quot;] = {&quot;Central Dusun&quot;, &quot;Kadazan Dusun&quot;},
	[&quot;dtr&quot;] = {&quot;Lotud&quot;},
	[&quot;dts&quot;] = {&quot;Toro So Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtt&quot;] = {&quot;Toro Tegu Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dtu&quot;] = {&quot;Tebul Ure Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dty&quot;] = {&quot;Dotyali&quot;},
	[&quot;dua&quot;] = {&quot;Duala&quot;},
	[&quot;dub&quot;] = {&quot;Dubli&quot;},
	[&quot;duc&quot;] = {&quot;Duna&quot;},
	[&quot;dud&quot;] = {&quot;Hun-Saare&quot;},
	[&quot;due&quot;] = {&quot;Umiray Dumaget Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;duf&quot;] = {&quot;Drubea&quot;, &quot;Dumbea&quot;},
	[&quot;dug&quot;] = {&quot;Chiduruma&quot;, &quot;Duruma&quot;},
	[&quot;duh&quot;] = {&quot;Dungra Bhil&quot;},
	[&quot;dui&quot;] = {&quot;Dumun&quot;},
	[&quot;duk&quot;] = {&quot;Uyajitaya&quot;},
	[&quot;dul&quot;] = {&quot;Alabat Island Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;dum&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)&quot;},
	[&quot;dun&quot;] = {&quot;Dusun Deyah&quot;},
	[&quot;duo&quot;] = {&quot;Dupaninan Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;dup&quot;] = {&quot;Duano&quot;},
	[&quot;duq&quot;] = {&quot;Dusun Malang&quot;},
	[&quot;dur&quot;] = {&quot;Dii&quot;},
	[&quot;dus&quot;] = {&quot;Dumi&quot;},
	[&quot;duu&quot;] = {&quot;Drung&quot;},
	[&quot;duv&quot;] = {&quot;Duvle&quot;},
	[&quot;duw&quot;] = {&quot;Dusun Witu&quot;},
	[&quot;dux&quot;] = {&quot;Duungooma&quot;},
	[&quot;duy&quot;] = {&quot;Dicamay Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;duz&quot;] = {&quot;Duli-Gey&quot;},
	[&quot;dva&quot;] = {&quot;Duau&quot;},
	[&quot;dwa&quot;] = {&quot;Diri&quot;},
	[&quot;dwr&quot;] = {&quot;Dawro&quot;},
	[&quot;dws&quot;] = {&quot;Dutton World Speedwords&quot;},
	[&quot;dwu&quot;] = {&quot;Dhuwal&quot;},
	[&quot;dww&quot;] = {&quot;Dawawa&quot;},
	[&quot;dwy&quot;] = {&quot;Dhuwaya&quot;},
	[&quot;dya&quot;] = {&quot;Dyan&quot;},
	[&quot;dyb&quot;] = {&quot;Dyaberdyaber&quot;},
	[&quot;dyd&quot;] = {&quot;Dyugun&quot;},
	[&quot;dyg&quot;] = {&quot;Villa Viciosa Agta&quot;},
	[&quot;dyi&quot;] = {&quot;Djimini Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;dym&quot;] = {&quot;Yanda Dom Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;dyn&quot;] = {&quot;Dyangadi&quot;},
	[&quot;dyo&quot;] = {&quot;Jola-Fonyi&quot;},
	[&quot;dyu&quot;] = {&quot;Dyula&quot;},
	[&quot;dyy&quot;] = {&quot;Dyaabugay&quot;},
	[&quot;dza&quot;] = {&quot;Tunzu&quot;},
	[&quot;dze&quot;] = {&quot;Djiwarli&quot;},
	[&quot;dzg&quot;] = {&quot;Dazaga&quot;},
	[&quot;dzl&quot;] = {&quot;Dzalakha&quot;},
	[&quot;dzn&quot;] = {&quot;Dzando&quot;},
	[&quot;dzo&quot;] = {&quot;Dzongkha&quot;},
	[&quot;eaa&quot;] = {&quot;Karenggapa&quot;},
	[&quot;ebg&quot;] = {&quot;Ebughu&quot;},
	[&quot;ebk&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;ebo&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Ebo&quot;},
	[&quot;ebr&quot;] = {&quot;Ebrié&quot;},
	[&quot;ebu&quot;] = {&quot;Embu&quot;, &quot;Kiembu&quot;},
	[&quot;ecr&quot;] = {&quot;Eteocretan&quot;},
	[&quot;ecs&quot;] = {&quot;Ecuadorian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ecy&quot;] = {&quot;Eteocypriot&quot;},
	[&quot;eee&quot;] = {&quot;E&quot;},
	[&quot;efa&quot;] = {&quot;Efai&quot;},
	[&quot;efe&quot;] = {&quot;Efe&quot;},
	[&quot;efi&quot;] = {&quot;Efik&quot;},
	[&quot;ega&quot;] = {&quot;Ega&quot;},
	[&quot;egl&quot;] = {&quot;Emilian&quot;},
	[&quot;ego&quot;] = {&quot;Eggon&quot;},
	[&quot;egy&quot;] = {&quot;Egyptian (Ancient)&quot;},
	[&quot;ehu&quot;] = {&quot;Ehueun&quot;},
	[&quot;eip&quot;] = {&quot;Eipomek&quot;},
	[&quot;eit&quot;] = {&quot;Eitiep&quot;},
	[&quot;eiv&quot;] = {&quot;Askopan&quot;},
	[&quot;eja&quot;] = {&quot;Ejamat&quot;},
	[&quot;eka&quot;] = {&quot;Ekajuk&quot;},
	[&quot;ekc&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Karnic&quot;},
	[&quot;eke&quot;] = {&quot;Ekit&quot;},
	[&quot;ekg&quot;] = {&quot;Ekari&quot;},
	[&quot;eki&quot;] = {&quot;Eki&quot;},
	[&quot;ekk&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Estonian&quot;},
	[&quot;ekl&quot;] = {&quot;Kol&quot;, &quot;Kol (Bangladesh)&quot;},
	[&quot;ekm&quot;] = {&quot;Elip&quot;},
	[&quot;eko&quot;] = {&quot;Koti&quot;},
	[&quot;ekp&quot;] = {&quot;Ekpeye&quot;},
	[&quot;ekr&quot;] = {&quot;Yace&quot;},
	[&quot;eky&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Kayah&quot;},
	[&quot;ele&quot;] = {&quot;Elepi&quot;},
	[&quot;elh&quot;] = {&quot;El Hugeirat&quot;},
	[&quot;eli&quot;] = {&quot;Nding&quot;},
	[&quot;elk&quot;] = {&quot;Elkei&quot;},
	[&quot;ell&quot;] = {&quot;Modern Greek (1453-)&quot;},
	[&quot;elm&quot;] = {&quot;Eleme&quot;},
	[&quot;elo&quot;] = {&quot;El Molo&quot;},
	[&quot;elu&quot;] = {&quot;Elu&quot;},
	[&quot;elx&quot;] = {&quot;Elamite&quot;},
	[&quot;ema&quot;] = {&quot;Emai-Iuleha-Ora&quot;},
	[&quot;emb&quot;] = {&quot;Embaloh&quot;},
	[&quot;eme&quot;] = {&quot;Emerillon&quot;},
	[&quot;emg&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Meohang&quot;},
	[&quot;emi&quot;] = {&quot;Mussau-Emira&quot;},
	[&quot;emk&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Maninkakan&quot;},
	[&quot;emm&quot;] = {&quot;Mamulique&quot;},
	[&quot;emn&quot;] = {&quot;Eman&quot;},
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Emberá&quot;},
	[&quot;ems&quot;] = {&quot;Pacific Gulf Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;emu&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Muria&quot;},
	[&quot;emw&quot;] = {&quot;Emplawas&quot;},
	[&quot;emx&quot;] = {&quot;Erromintxela&quot;},
	[&quot;emy&quot;] = {&quot;Epigraphic Mayan&quot;},
	[&quot;ena&quot;] = {&quot;Apali&quot;},
	[&quot;enb&quot;] = {&quot;Markweeta&quot;},
	[&quot;enc&quot;] = {&quot;En&quot;},
	[&quot;end&quot;] = {&quot;Ende&quot;},
	[&quot;enf&quot;] = {&quot;Forest Enets&quot;},
	[&quot;eng&quot;] = {&quot;English&quot;},
	[&quot;enh&quot;] = {&quot;Tundra Enets&quot;},
	[&quot;enl&quot;] = {&quot;Enlhet&quot;},
	[&quot;enm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle English (1100-1500)&quot;},
	[&quot;enn&quot;] = {&quot;Engenni&quot;},
	[&quot;eno&quot;] = {&quot;Enggano&quot;},
	[&quot;enq&quot;] = {&quot;Enga&quot;},
	[&quot;enr&quot;] = {&quot;Emem&quot;, &quot;Emumu&quot;},
	[&quot;enu&quot;] = {&quot;Enu&quot;},
	[&quot;env&quot;] = {&quot;Enwan (Edu State)&quot;},
	[&quot;enw&quot;] = {&quot;Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)&quot;},
	[&quot;enx&quot;] = {&quot;Enxet&quot;},
	[&quot;eot&quot;] = {&quot;Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)&quot;},
	[&quot;epi&quot;] = {&quot;Epie&quot;},
	[&quot;epo&quot;] = {&quot;Esperanto&quot;},
	[&quot;era&quot;] = {&quot;Eravallan&quot;},
	[&quot;erg&quot;] = {&quot;Sie&quot;},
	[&quot;erh&quot;] = {&quot;Eruwa&quot;},
	[&quot;eri&quot;] = {&quot;Ogea&quot;},
	[&quot;erk&quot;] = {&quot;South Efate&quot;},
	[&quot;ero&quot;] = {&quot;Horpa&quot;},
	[&quot;err&quot;] = {&quot;Erre&quot;},
	[&quot;ers&quot;] = {&quot;Ersu&quot;},
	[&quot;ert&quot;] = {&quot;Eritai&quot;},
	[&quot;erw&quot;] = {&quot;Erokwanas&quot;},
	[&quot;ese&quot;] = {&quot;Ese Ejja&quot;},
	[&quot;esg&quot;] = {&quot;Aheri Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;esh&quot;] = {&quot;Eshtehardi&quot;},
	[&quot;esi&quot;] = {&quot;North Alaskan Inupiatun&quot;},
	[&quot;esk&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Alaska Inupiatun&quot;},
	[&quot;esl&quot;] = {&quot;Egypt Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;esm&quot;] = {&quot;Esuma&quot;},
	[&quot;esn&quot;] = {&quot;Salvadoran Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;eso&quot;] = {&quot;Estonian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;esq&quot;] = {&quot;Esselen&quot;},
	[&quot;ess&quot;] = {&quot;Central Siberian Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;est&quot;] = {&quot;Estonian&quot;},
	[&quot;esu&quot;] = {&quot;Central Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;esy&quot;] = {&quot;Eskayan&quot;},
	[&quot;etb&quot;] = {&quot;Etebi&quot;},
	[&quot;etc&quot;] = {&quot;Etchemin&quot;},
	[&quot;eth&quot;] = {&quot;Ethiopian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;etn&quot;] = {&quot;Eton (Vanuatu)&quot;},
	[&quot;eto&quot;] = {&quot;Eton (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;etr&quot;] = {&quot;Edolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ets&quot;] = {&quot;Yekhee&quot;},
	[&quot;ett&quot;] = {&quot;Etruscan&quot;},
	[&quot;etu&quot;] = {&quot;Ejagham&quot;},
	[&quot;etx&quot;] = {&quot;Eten&quot;},
	[&quot;etz&quot;] = {&quot;Semimi&quot;},
	[&quot;eus&quot;] = {&quot;Basque&quot;},
	[&quot;eve&quot;] = {&quot;Even&quot;},
	[&quot;evh&quot;] = {&quot;Uvbie&quot;},
	[&quot;evn&quot;] = {&quot;Evenki&quot;},
	[&quot;ewe&quot;] = {&quot;Ewe&quot;},
	[&quot;ewo&quot;] = {&quot;Ewondo&quot;},
	[&quot;ext&quot;] = {&quot;Extremaduran&quot;},
	[&quot;eya&quot;] = {&quot;Eyak&quot;},
	[&quot;eyo&quot;] = {&quot;Keiyo&quot;},
	[&quot;eza&quot;] = {&quot;Ezaa&quot;},
	[&quot;eze&quot;] = {&quot;Uzekwe&quot;},
	[&quot;faa&quot;] = {&quot;Fasu&quot;},
	[&quot;fab&quot;] = {&quot;Fa d'Ambu&quot;},
	[&quot;fad&quot;] = {&quot;Wagi&quot;},
	[&quot;faf&quot;] = {&quot;Fagani&quot;},
	[&quot;fag&quot;] = {&quot;Finongan&quot;},
	[&quot;fah&quot;] = {&quot;Baissa Fali&quot;},
	[&quot;fai&quot;] = {&quot;Faiwol&quot;},
	[&quot;faj&quot;] = {&quot;Faita&quot;},
	[&quot;fak&quot;] = {&quot;Fang (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;fal&quot;] = {&quot;South Fali&quot;},
	[&quot;fam&quot;] = {&quot;Fam&quot;},
	[&quot;fan&quot;] = {&quot;Fang (Equatorial Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;fao&quot;] = {&quot;Faroese&quot;},
	[&quot;fap&quot;] = {&quot;Paloor&quot;},
	[&quot;far&quot;] = {&quot;Fataleka&quot;},
	[&quot;fas&quot;] = {&quot;Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;fat&quot;] = {&quot;Fanti&quot;},
	[&quot;fau&quot;] = {&quot;Fayu&quot;},
	[&quot;fax&quot;] = {&quot;Fala&quot;},
	[&quot;fay&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Fars&quot;},
	[&quot;faz&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Fars&quot;},
	[&quot;fbl&quot;] = {&quot;West Albay Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;fcs&quot;] = {&quot;Quebec Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;fer&quot;] = {&quot;Feroge&quot;},
	[&quot;ffi&quot;] = {&quot;Foia Foia&quot;},
	[&quot;ffm&quot;] = {&quot;Maasina Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fgr&quot;] = {&quot;Fongoro&quot;},
	[&quot;fia&quot;] = {&quot;Nobiin&quot;},
	[&quot;fie&quot;] = {&quot;Fyer&quot;},
	[&quot;fij&quot;] = {&quot;Fijian&quot;},
	[&quot;fil&quot;] = {&quot;Filipino&quot;, &quot;Pilipino&quot;},
	[&quot;fin&quot;] = {&quot;Finnish&quot;},
	[&quot;fip&quot;] = {&quot;Fipa&quot;},
	[&quot;fir&quot;] = {&quot;Firan&quot;},
	[&quot;fit&quot;] = {&quot;Tornedalen Finnish&quot;},
	[&quot;fiw&quot;] = {&quot;Fiwaga&quot;},
	[&quot;fkk&quot;] = {&quot;Kirya-Konzəl&quot;},
	[&quot;fkv&quot;] = {&quot;Kven Finnish&quot;},
	[&quot;fla&quot;] = {&quot;Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille&quot;},
	[&quot;flh&quot;] = {&quot;Foau&quot;},
	[&quot;fli&quot;] = {&quot;Fali&quot;},
	[&quot;fll&quot;] = {&quot;North Fali&quot;},
	[&quot;fln&quot;] = {&quot;Flinders Island&quot;},
	[&quot;flr&quot;] = {&quot;Fuliiru&quot;},
	[&quot;fly&quot;] = {&quot;Flaaitaal&quot;, &quot;Tsotsitaal&quot;},
	[&quot;fmp&quot;] = {&quot;Fe'fe'&quot;},
	[&quot;fmu&quot;] = {&quot;Far Western Muria&quot;},
	[&quot;fnb&quot;] = {&quot;Fanbak&quot;},
	[&quot;fng&quot;] = {&quot;Fanagalo&quot;},
	[&quot;fni&quot;] = {&quot;Fania&quot;},
	[&quot;fod&quot;] = {&quot;Foodo&quot;},
	[&quot;foi&quot;] = {&quot;Foi&quot;},
	[&quot;fom&quot;] = {&quot;Foma&quot;},
	[&quot;fon&quot;] = {&quot;Fon&quot;},
	[&quot;for&quot;] = {&quot;Fore&quot;},
	[&quot;fos&quot;] = {&quot;Siraya&quot;},
	[&quot;fpe&quot;] = {&quot;Fernando Po Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;fqs&quot;] = {&quot;Fas&quot;},
	[&quot;fra&quot;] = {&quot;French&quot;},
	[&quot;frc&quot;] = {&quot;Cajun French&quot;},
	[&quot;frd&quot;] = {&quot;Fordata&quot;},
	[&quot;frk&quot;] = {&quot;Frankish&quot;},
	[&quot;frm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)&quot;},
	[&quot;fro&quot;] = {&quot;Old French (842-ca. 1400)&quot;},
	[&quot;frp&quot;] = {&quot;Arpitan&quot;, &quot;Francoprovençal&quot;},
	[&quot;frq&quot;] = {&quot;Forak&quot;},
	[&quot;frr&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Frisian&quot;},
	[&quot;frs&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Frisian&quot;},
	[&quot;frt&quot;] = {&quot;Fortsenal&quot;},
	[&quot;fry&quot;] = {&quot;Western Frisian&quot;},
	[&quot;fse&quot;] = {&quot;Finnish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;fsl&quot;] = {&quot;French Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;fss&quot;] = {&quot;finlandssvenskt teckenspråk&quot;, &quot;Finland-Swedish Sign Language&quot;, &quot;suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli&quot;},
	[&quot;fub&quot;] = {&quot;Adamawa Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fuc&quot;] = {&quot;Pulaar&quot;},
	[&quot;fud&quot;] = {&quot;East Futuna&quot;},
	[&quot;fue&quot;] = {&quot;Borgu Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fuf&quot;] = {&quot;Pular&quot;},
	[&quot;fuh&quot;] = {&quot;Western Niger Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fui&quot;] = {&quot;Bagirmi Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fuj&quot;] = {&quot;Ko&quot;},
	[&quot;ful&quot;] = {&quot;Fulah&quot;},
	[&quot;fum&quot;] = {&quot;Fum&quot;},
	[&quot;fun&quot;] = {&quot;Fulniô&quot;},
	[&quot;fuq&quot;] = {&quot;Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fur&quot;] = {&quot;Friulian&quot;},
	[&quot;fut&quot;] = {&quot;Futuna-Aniwa&quot;},
	[&quot;fuu&quot;] = {&quot;Furu&quot;},
	[&quot;fuv&quot;] = {&quot;Nigerian Fulfulde&quot;},
	[&quot;fuy&quot;] = {&quot;Fuyug&quot;},
	[&quot;fvr&quot;] = {&quot;Fur&quot;},
	[&quot;fwa&quot;] = {&quot;Fwâi&quot;},
	[&quot;fwe&quot;] = {&quot;Fwe&quot;},
	[&quot;gaa&quot;] = {&quot;Ga&quot;},
	[&quot;gab&quot;] = {&quot;Gabri&quot;},
	[&quot;gac&quot;] = {&quot;Mixed Great Andamanese&quot;},
	[&quot;gad&quot;] = {&quot;Gaddang&quot;},
	[&quot;gae&quot;] = {&quot;Guarequena&quot;},
	[&quot;gaf&quot;] = {&quot;Gende&quot;},
	[&quot;gag&quot;] = {&quot;Gagauz&quot;},
	[&quot;gah&quot;] = {&quot;Alekano&quot;},
	[&quot;gai&quot;] = {&quot;Borei&quot;},
	[&quot;gaj&quot;] = {&quot;Gadsup&quot;},
	[&quot;gak&quot;] = {&quot;Gamkonora&quot;},
	[&quot;gal&quot;] = {&quot;Galolen&quot;},
	[&quot;gam&quot;] = {&quot;Kandawo&quot;},
	[&quot;gan&quot;] = {&quot;Gan Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;gao&quot;] = {&quot;Gants&quot;},
	[&quot;gap&quot;] = {&quot;Gal&quot;},
	[&quot;gaq&quot;] = {&quot;Gata'&quot;},
	[&quot;gar&quot;] = {&quot;Galeya&quot;},
	[&quot;gas&quot;] = {&quot;Adiwasi Garasia&quot;},
	[&quot;gat&quot;] = {&quot;Kenati&quot;},
	[&quot;gau&quot;] = {&quot;Mudhili Gadaba&quot;},
	[&quot;gaw&quot;] = {&quot;Nobonob&quot;},
	[&quot;gax&quot;] = {&quot;Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo&quot;},
	[&quot;gay&quot;] = {&quot;Gayo&quot;},
	[&quot;gaz&quot;] = {&quot;West Central Oromo&quot;},
	[&quot;gba&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;gbb&quot;] = {&quot;Kaytetye&quot;},
	[&quot;gbd&quot;] = {&quot;Karadjeri&quot;},
	[&quot;gbe&quot;] = {&quot;Niksek&quot;},
	[&quot;gbf&quot;] = {&quot;Gaikundi&quot;},
	[&quot;gbg&quot;] = {&quot;Gbanziri&quot;},
	[&quot;gbh&quot;] = {&quot;Defi Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;gbi&quot;] = {&quot;Galela&quot;},
	[&quot;gbj&quot;] = {&quot;Bodo Gadaba&quot;},
	[&quot;gbk&quot;] = {&quot;Gaddi&quot;},
	[&quot;gbl&quot;] = {&quot;Gamit&quot;},
	[&quot;gbm&quot;] = {&quot;Garhwali&quot;},
	[&quot;gbn&quot;] = {&quot;Mo'da&quot;},
	[&quot;gbo&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;gbp&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya-Bossangoa&quot;},
	[&quot;gbq&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya-Bozoum&quot;},
	[&quot;gbr&quot;] = {&quot;Gbagyi&quot;},
	[&quot;gbs&quot;] = {&quot;Gbesi Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;gbu&quot;] = {&quot;Gagadu&quot;},
	[&quot;gbv&quot;] = {&quot;Gbanu&quot;},
	[&quot;gbw&quot;] = {&quot;Gabi-Gabi&quot;},
	[&quot;gbx&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Xwla Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;gby&quot;] = {&quot;Gbari&quot;},
	[&quot;gbz&quot;] = {&quot;Zoroastrian Dari&quot;},
	[&quot;gcc&quot;] = {&quot;Mali&quot;},
	[&quot;gcd&quot;] = {&quot;Ganggalida&quot;},
	[&quot;gce&quot;] = {&quot;Galice&quot;},
	[&quot;gcf&quot;] = {&quot;Guadeloupean Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;gcl&quot;] = {&quot;Grenadian Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;gcn&quot;] = {&quot;Gaina&quot;},
	[&quot;gcr&quot;] = {&quot;Guianese Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;gct&quot;] = {&quot;Colonia Tovar German&quot;},
	[&quot;gda&quot;] = {&quot;Gade Lohar&quot;},
	[&quot;gdb&quot;] = {&quot;Pottangi Ollar Gadaba&quot;},
	[&quot;gdc&quot;] = {&quot;Gugu Badhun&quot;},
	[&quot;gdd&quot;] = {&quot;Gedaged&quot;},
	[&quot;gde&quot;] = {&quot;Gude&quot;},
	[&quot;gdf&quot;] = {&quot;Guduf-Gava&quot;},
	[&quot;gdg&quot;] = {&quot;Ga'dang&quot;},
	[&quot;gdh&quot;] = {&quot;Gadjerawang&quot;},
	[&quot;gdi&quot;] = {&quot;Gundi&quot;},
	[&quot;gdj&quot;] = {&quot;Gurdjar&quot;},
	[&quot;gdk&quot;] = {&quot;Gadang&quot;},
	[&quot;gdl&quot;] = {&quot;Dirasha&quot;},
	[&quot;gdm&quot;] = {&quot;Laal&quot;},
	[&quot;gdn&quot;] = {&quot;Umanakaina&quot;},
	[&quot;gdo&quot;] = {&quot;Ghodoberi&quot;},
	[&quot;gdq&quot;] = {&quot;Mehri&quot;},
	[&quot;gdr&quot;] = {&quot;Wipi&quot;},
	[&quot;gds&quot;] = {&quot;Ghandruk Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gdt&quot;] = {&quot;Kungardutyi&quot;},
	[&quot;gdu&quot;] = {&quot;Gudu&quot;},
	[&quot;gdx&quot;] = {&quot;Godwari&quot;},
	[&quot;gea&quot;] = {&quot;Geruma&quot;},
	[&quot;geb&quot;] = {&quot;Kire&quot;},
	[&quot;gec&quot;] = {&quot;Gboloo Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;ged&quot;] = {&quot;Gade&quot;},
	[&quot;geg&quot;] = {&quot;Gengle&quot;},
	[&quot;geh&quot;] = {&quot;Hutterisch&quot;, &quot;Hutterite German&quot;},
	[&quot;gei&quot;] = {&quot;Gebe&quot;},
	[&quot;gej&quot;] = {&quot;Gen&quot;},
	[&quot;gek&quot;] = {&quot;Ywom&quot;},
	[&quot;gel&quot;] = {&quot;ut-Ma'in&quot;},
	[&quot;geq&quot;] = {&quot;Geme&quot;},
	[&quot;ges&quot;] = {&quot;Geser-Gorom&quot;},
	[&quot;gev&quot;] = {&quot;Eviya&quot;},
	[&quot;gew&quot;] = {&quot;Gera&quot;},
	[&quot;gex&quot;] = {&quot;Garre&quot;},
	[&quot;gey&quot;] = {&quot;Enya&quot;},
	[&quot;gez&quot;] = {&quot;Geez&quot;},
	[&quot;gfk&quot;] = {&quot;Patpatar&quot;},
	[&quot;gft&quot;] = {&quot;Gafat&quot;},
	[&quot;gga&quot;] = {&quot;Gao&quot;},
	[&quot;ggb&quot;] = {&quot;Gbii&quot;},
	[&quot;ggd&quot;] = {&quot;Gugadj&quot;},
	[&quot;gge&quot;] = {&quot;Guragone&quot;},
	[&quot;ggg&quot;] = {&quot;Gurgula&quot;},
	[&quot;ggk&quot;] = {&quot;Kungarakany&quot;},
	[&quot;ggl&quot;] = {&quot;Ganglau&quot;},
	[&quot;ggt&quot;] = {&quot;Gitua&quot;},
	[&quot;ggu&quot;] = {&quot;Gagu&quot;, &quot;Gban&quot;},
	[&quot;ggw&quot;] = {&quot;Gogodala&quot;},
	[&quot;gha&quot;] = {&quot;Ghadamès&quot;},
	[&quot;ghc&quot;] = {&quot;Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic&quot;},
	[&quot;ghe&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Ghale&quot;},
	[&quot;ghh&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Ghale&quot;},
	[&quot;ghk&quot;] = {&quot;Geko Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;ghl&quot;] = {&quot;Ghulfan&quot;},
	[&quot;ghn&quot;] = {&quot;Ghanongga&quot;},
	[&quot;gho&quot;] = {&quot;Ghomara&quot;},
	[&quot;ghr&quot;] = {&quot;Ghera&quot;},
	[&quot;ghs&quot;] = {&quot;Guhu-Samane&quot;},
	[&quot;ght&quot;] = {&quot;Kuke&quot;, &quot;Kutang Ghale&quot;},
	[&quot;gia&quot;] = {&quot;Kitja&quot;},
	[&quot;gib&quot;] = {&quot;Gibanawa&quot;},
	[&quot;gic&quot;] = {&quot;Gail&quot;},
	[&quot;gid&quot;] = {&quot;Gidar&quot;},
	[&quot;gie&quot;] = {&quot;Gaɓogbo&quot;, &quot;Guébie&quot;},
	[&quot;gig&quot;] = {&quot;Goaria&quot;},
	[&quot;gih&quot;] = {&quot;Githabul&quot;},
	[&quot;gil&quot;] = {&quot;Gilbertese&quot;},
	[&quot;gim&quot;] = {&quot;Gimi (Eastern Highlands)&quot;},
	[&quot;gin&quot;] = {&quot;Hinukh&quot;},
	[&quot;gip&quot;] = {&quot;Gimi (West New Britain)&quot;},
	[&quot;giq&quot;] = {&quot;Green Gelao&quot;},
	[&quot;gir&quot;] = {&quot;Red Gelao&quot;},
	[&quot;gis&quot;] = {&quot;North Giziga&quot;},
	[&quot;git&quot;] = {&quot;Gitxsan&quot;},
	[&quot;giu&quot;] = {&quot;Mulao&quot;},
	[&quot;giw&quot;] = {&quot;White Gelao&quot;},
	[&quot;gix&quot;] = {&quot;Gilima&quot;},
	[&quot;giy&quot;] = {&quot;Giyug&quot;},
	[&quot;giz&quot;] = {&quot;South Giziga&quot;},
	[&quot;gji&quot;] = {&quot;Geji&quot;},
	[&quot;gjk&quot;] = {&quot;Kachi Koli&quot;},
	[&quot;gjm&quot;] = {&quot;Gunditjmara&quot;},
	[&quot;gjn&quot;] = {&quot;Gonja&quot;},
	[&quot;gjr&quot;] = {&quot;Gurindji Kriol&quot;},
	[&quot;gju&quot;] = {&quot;Gujari&quot;},
	[&quot;gka&quot;] = {&quot;Guya&quot;},
	[&quot;gkd&quot;] = {&quot;Magɨ (Madang Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;gke&quot;] = {&quot;Ndai&quot;},
	[&quot;gkn&quot;] = {&quot;Gokana&quot;},
	[&quot;gko&quot;] = {&quot;Kok-Nar&quot;},
	[&quot;gkp&quot;] = {&quot;Guinea Kpelle&quot;},
	[&quot;gku&quot;] = {&quot;ǂUngkue&quot;},
	[&quot;gla&quot;] = {&quot;Gaelic&quot;, &quot;Scottish Gaelic&quot;},
	[&quot;glc&quot;] = {&quot;Bon Gula&quot;},
	[&quot;gld&quot;] = {&quot;Nanai&quot;},
	[&quot;gle&quot;] = {&quot;Irish&quot;},
	[&quot;glg&quot;] = {&quot;Galician&quot;},
	[&quot;glh&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Pashai&quot;, &quot;Northwest Pashayi&quot;},
	[&quot;gli&quot;] = {&quot;Guliguli&quot;},
	[&quot;glj&quot;] = {&quot;Gula Iro&quot;},
	[&quot;glk&quot;] = {&quot;Gilaki&quot;},
	[&quot;gll&quot;] = {&quot;Garlali&quot;},
	[&quot;glo&quot;] = {&quot;Galambu&quot;},
	[&quot;glr&quot;] = {&quot;Glaro-Twabo&quot;},
	[&quot;glu&quot;] = {&quot;Gula (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;glv&quot;] = {&quot;Manx&quot;},
	[&quot;glw&quot;] = {&quot;Glavda&quot;},
	[&quot;gly&quot;] = {&quot;Gule&quot;},
	[&quot;gma&quot;] = {&quot;Gambera&quot;},
	[&quot;gmb&quot;] = {&quot;Gula'alaa&quot;},
	[&quot;gmd&quot;] = {&quot;Mághdì&quot;},
	[&quot;gmg&quot;] = {&quot;Magɨyi&quot;},
	[&quot;gmh&quot;] = {&quot;Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)&quot;},
	[&quot;gml&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Low German&quot;},
	[&quot;gmm&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya-Mbodomo&quot;},
	[&quot;gmn&quot;] = {&quot;Gimnime&quot;},
	[&quot;gmu&quot;] = {&quot;Gumalu&quot;},
	[&quot;gmv&quot;] = {&quot;Gamo&quot;},
	[&quot;gmx&quot;] = {&quot;Magoma&quot;},
	[&quot;gmy&quot;] = {&quot;Mycenaean Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;gmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mgbolizhia&quot;},
	[&quot;gna&quot;] = {&quot;Kaansa&quot;},
	[&quot;gnb&quot;] = {&quot;Gangte&quot;},
	[&quot;gnc&quot;] = {&quot;Guanche&quot;},
	[&quot;gnd&quot;] = {&quot;Zulgo-Gemzek&quot;},
	[&quot;gne&quot;] = {&quot;Ganang&quot;},
	[&quot;gng&quot;] = {&quot;Ngangam&quot;},
	[&quot;gnh&quot;] = {&quot;Lere&quot;},
	[&quot;gni&quot;] = {&quot;Gooniyandi&quot;},
	[&quot;gnj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngen&quot;},
	[&quot;gnk&quot;] = {&quot;||Gana&quot;},
	[&quot;gnl&quot;] = {&quot;Gangulu&quot;},
	[&quot;gnm&quot;] = {&quot;Ginuman&quot;},
	[&quot;gnn&quot;] = {&quot;Gumatj&quot;},
	[&quot;gno&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;gnq&quot;] = {&quot;Gana&quot;},
	[&quot;gnr&quot;] = {&quot;Gureng Gureng&quot;},
	[&quot;gnt&quot;] = {&quot;Guntai&quot;},
	[&quot;gnu&quot;] = {&quot;Gnau&quot;},
	[&quot;gnw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Bolivian Guaraní&quot;},
	[&quot;gnz&quot;] = {&quot;Ganzi&quot;},
	[&quot;goa&quot;] = {&quot;Guro&quot;},
	[&quot;gob&quot;] = {&quot;Playero&quot;},
	[&quot;goc&quot;] = {&quot;Gorakor&quot;},
	[&quot;god&quot;] = {&quot;Godié&quot;},
	[&quot;goe&quot;] = {&quot;Gongduk&quot;},
	[&quot;gof&quot;] = {&quot;Gofa&quot;},
	[&quot;gog&quot;] = {&quot;Gogo&quot;},
	[&quot;goh&quot;] = {&quot;Old High German (ca. 750-1050)&quot;},
	[&quot;goi&quot;] = {&quot;Gobasi&quot;},
	[&quot;goj&quot;] = {&quot;Gowlan&quot;},
	[&quot;gok&quot;] = {&quot;Gowli&quot;},
	[&quot;gol&quot;] = {&quot;Gola&quot;},
	[&quot;gom&quot;] = {&quot;Goan Konkani&quot;},
	[&quot;gon&quot;] = {&quot;Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;goo&quot;] = {&quot;Gone Dau&quot;},
	[&quot;gop&quot;] = {&quot;Yeretuar&quot;},
	[&quot;goq&quot;] = {&quot;Gorap&quot;},
	[&quot;gor&quot;] = {&quot;Gorontalo&quot;},
	[&quot;gos&quot;] = {&quot;Gronings&quot;},
	[&quot;got&quot;] = {&quot;Gothic&quot;},
	[&quot;gou&quot;] = {&quot;Gavar&quot;},
	[&quot;gow&quot;] = {&quot;Gorowa&quot;},
	[&quot;gox&quot;] = {&quot;Gobu&quot;},
	[&quot;goy&quot;] = {&quot;Goundo&quot;},
	[&quot;goz&quot;] = {&quot;Gozarkhani&quot;},
	[&quot;gpa&quot;] = {&quot;Gupa-Abawa&quot;},
	[&quot;gpe&quot;] = {&quot;Ghanaian Pidgin English&quot;},
	[&quot;gpn&quot;] = {&quot;Taiap&quot;},
	[&quot;gqa&quot;] = {&quot;Ga'anda&quot;},
	[&quot;gqi&quot;] = {&quot;Guiqiong&quot;},
	[&quot;gqn&quot;] = {&quot;Guana (Brazil)&quot;},
	[&quot;gqr&quot;] = {&quot;Gor&quot;},
	[&quot;gqu&quot;] = {&quot;Qau&quot;},
	[&quot;gra&quot;] = {&quot;Rajput Garasia&quot;},
	[&quot;grb&quot;] = {&quot;Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;grc&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Greek (to 1453)&quot;},
	[&quot;grd&quot;] = {&quot;Guruntum-Mbaaru&quot;},
	[&quot;grg&quot;] = {&quot;Madi&quot;},
	[&quot;grh&quot;] = {&quot;Gbiri-Niragu&quot;},
	[&quot;gri&quot;] = {&quot;Ghari&quot;},
	[&quot;grj&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;grm&quot;] = {&quot;Kota Marudu Talantang&quot;},
	[&quot;grn&quot;] = {&quot;Guarani&quot;},
	[&quot;gro&quot;] = {&quot;Groma&quot;},
	[&quot;grq&quot;] = {&quot;Gorovu&quot;},
	[&quot;grr&quot;] = {&quot;Taznatit&quot;},
	[&quot;grs&quot;] = {&quot;Gresi&quot;},
	[&quot;grt&quot;] = {&quot;Garo&quot;},
	[&quot;gru&quot;] = {&quot;Kistane&quot;},
	[&quot;grv&quot;] = {&quot;Central Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;grw&quot;] = {&quot;Gweda&quot;},
	[&quot;grx&quot;] = {&quot;Guriaso&quot;},
	[&quot;gry&quot;] = {&quot;Barclayville Grebo&quot;},
	[&quot;grz&quot;] = {&quot;Guramalum&quot;},
	[&quot;gse&quot;] = {&quot;Ghanaian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gsg&quot;] = {&quot;German Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gsl&quot;] = {&quot;Gusilay&quot;},
	[&quot;gsm&quot;] = {&quot;Guatemalan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gsn&quot;] = {&quot;Gusan&quot;, &quot;Nema&quot;},
	[&quot;gso&quot;] = {&quot;Southwest Gbaya&quot;},
	[&quot;gsp&quot;] = {&quot;Wasembo&quot;},
	[&quot;gss&quot;] = {&quot;Greek Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gsw&quot;] = {&quot;Alemannic&quot;, &quot;Alsatian&quot;, &quot;Swiss German&quot;},
	[&quot;gta&quot;] = {&quot;Guató&quot;},
	[&quot;gtu&quot;] = {&quot;Aghu-Tharnggala&quot;},
	[&quot;gua&quot;] = {&quot;Shiki&quot;},
	[&quot;gub&quot;] = {&quot;Guajajára&quot;},
	[&quot;guc&quot;] = {&quot;Wayuu&quot;},
	[&quot;gud&quot;] = {&quot;Yocoboué Dida&quot;},
	[&quot;gue&quot;] = {&quot;Gurinji&quot;},
	[&quot;guf&quot;] = {&quot;Gupapuyngu&quot;},
	[&quot;gug&quot;] = {&quot;Paraguayan Guaraní&quot;},
	[&quot;guh&quot;] = {&quot;Guahibo&quot;},
	[&quot;gui&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Bolivian Guaraní&quot;},
	[&quot;guj&quot;] = {&quot;Gujarati&quot;},
	[&quot;guk&quot;] = {&quot;Gumuz&quot;},
	[&quot;gul&quot;] = {&quot;Sea Island Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;gum&quot;] = {&quot;Guambiano&quot;},
	[&quot;gun&quot;] = {&quot;Mbyá Guaraní&quot;},
	[&quot;guo&quot;] = {&quot;Guayabero&quot;},
	[&quot;gup&quot;] = {&quot;Gunwinggu&quot;},
	[&quot;guq&quot;] = {&quot;Aché&quot;},
	[&quot;gur&quot;] = {&quot;Farefare&quot;},
	[&quot;gus&quot;] = {&quot;Guinean Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;gut&quot;] = {&quot;Maléku Jaíka&quot;},
	[&quot;guu&quot;] = {&quot;Yanomamö&quot;},
	[&quot;guw&quot;] = {&quot;Gun&quot;},
	[&quot;gux&quot;] = {&quot;Gourmanchéma&quot;},
	[&quot;guz&quot;] = {&quot;Ekegusii&quot;, &quot;Gusii&quot;},
	[&quot;gva&quot;] = {&quot;Guana (Paraguay)&quot;},
	[&quot;gvc&quot;] = {&quot;Guanano&quot;},
	[&quot;gve&quot;] = {&quot;Duwet&quot;},
	[&quot;gvf&quot;] = {&quot;Golin&quot;},
	[&quot;gvj&quot;] = {&quot;Guajá&quot;},
	[&quot;gvl&quot;] = {&quot;Gulay&quot;},
	[&quot;gvm&quot;] = {&quot;Gurmana&quot;},
	[&quot;gvn&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Yalanji&quot;},
	[&quot;gvo&quot;] = {&quot;Gavião Do Jiparaná&quot;},
	[&quot;gvp&quot;] = {&quot;Pará Gavião&quot;},
	[&quot;gvr&quot;] = {&quot;Gurung&quot;},
	[&quot;gvs&quot;] = {&quot;Gumawana&quot;},
	[&quot;gvy&quot;] = {&quot;Guyani&quot;},
	[&quot;gwa&quot;] = {&quot;Mbato&quot;},
	[&quot;gwb&quot;] = {&quot;Gwa&quot;},
	[&quot;gwc&quot;] = {&quot;Kalami&quot;},
	[&quot;gwd&quot;] = {&quot;Gawwada&quot;},
	[&quot;gwe&quot;] = {&quot;Gweno&quot;},
	[&quot;gwf&quot;] = {&quot;Gowro&quot;},
	[&quot;gwg&quot;] = {&quot;Moo&quot;},
	[&quot;gwi&quot;] = {&quot;Gwichʼin&quot;},
	[&quot;gwj&quot;] = {&quot;|Gwi&quot;},
	[&quot;gwm&quot;] = {&quot;Awngthim&quot;},
	[&quot;gwn&quot;] = {&quot;Gwandara&quot;},
	[&quot;gwr&quot;] = {&quot;Gwere&quot;},
	[&quot;gwt&quot;] = {&quot;Gawar-Bati&quot;},
	[&quot;gwu&quot;] = {&quot;Guwamu&quot;},
	[&quot;gww&quot;] = {&quot;Kwini&quot;},
	[&quot;gwx&quot;] = {&quot;Gua&quot;},
	[&quot;gxx&quot;] = {&quot;Wè Southern&quot;},
	[&quot;gya&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Gbaya&quot;},
	[&quot;gyb&quot;] = {&quot;Garus&quot;},
	[&quot;gyd&quot;] = {&quot;Kayardild&quot;},
	[&quot;gye&quot;] = {&quot;Gyem&quot;},
	[&quot;gyf&quot;] = {&quot;Gungabula&quot;},
	[&quot;gyg&quot;] = {&quot;Gbayi&quot;},
	[&quot;gyi&quot;] = {&quot;Gyele&quot;},
	[&quot;gyl&quot;] = {&quot;Gayil&quot;},
	[&quot;gym&quot;] = {&quot;Ngäbere&quot;},
	[&quot;gyn&quot;] = {&quot;Guyanese Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;gyo&quot;] = {&quot;Gyalsumdo&quot;},
	[&quot;gyr&quot;] = {&quot;Guarayu&quot;},
	[&quot;gyy&quot;] = {&quot;Gunya&quot;},
	[&quot;gza&quot;] = {&quot;Ganza&quot;},
	[&quot;gzi&quot;] = {&quot;Gazi&quot;},
	[&quot;gzn&quot;] = {&quot;Gane&quot;},
	[&quot;haa&quot;] = {&quot;Han&quot;},
	[&quot;hab&quot;] = {&quot;Hanoi Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hac&quot;] = {&quot;Gurani&quot;},
	[&quot;had&quot;] = {&quot;Hatam&quot;},
	[&quot;hae&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Oromo&quot;},
	[&quot;haf&quot;] = {&quot;Haiphong Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hag&quot;] = {&quot;Hanga&quot;},
	[&quot;hah&quot;] = {&quot;Hahon&quot;},
	[&quot;hai&quot;] = {&quot;Haida&quot;},
	[&quot;haj&quot;] = {&quot;Hajong&quot;},
	[&quot;hak&quot;] = {&quot;Hakka Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;hal&quot;] = {&quot;Halang&quot;},
	[&quot;ham&quot;] = {&quot;Hewa&quot;},
	[&quot;han&quot;] = {&quot;Hangaza&quot;},
	[&quot;hao&quot;] = {&quot;Hakö&quot;},
	[&quot;hap&quot;] = {&quot;Hupla&quot;},
	[&quot;haq&quot;] = {&quot;Ha&quot;},
	[&quot;har&quot;] = {&quot;Harari&quot;},
	[&quot;has&quot;] = {&quot;Haisla&quot;},
	[&quot;hat&quot;] = {&quot;Haitian&quot;, &quot;Haitian Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;hau&quot;] = {&quot;Hausa&quot;},
	[&quot;hav&quot;] = {&quot;Havu&quot;},
	[&quot;haw&quot;] = {&quot;Hawaiian&quot;},
	[&quot;hax&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Haida&quot;},
	[&quot;hay&quot;] = {&quot;Haya&quot;},
	[&quot;haz&quot;] = {&quot;Hazaragi&quot;},
	[&quot;hba&quot;] = {&quot;Hamba&quot;},
	[&quot;hbb&quot;] = {&quot;Huba&quot;},
	[&quot;hbn&quot;] = {&quot;Heiban&quot;},
	[&quot;hbo&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Hebrew&quot;},
	[&quot;hbs&quot;] = {&quot;Serbo-Croatian&quot;},
	[&quot;hbu&quot;] = {&quot;Habu&quot;},
	[&quot;hca&quot;] = {&quot;Andaman Creole Hindi&quot;},
	[&quot;hch&quot;] = {&quot;Huichol&quot;},
	[&quot;hdn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Haida&quot;},
	[&quot;hds&quot;] = {&quot;Honduras Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hdy&quot;] = {&quot;Hadiyya&quot;},
	[&quot;hea&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Qiandong Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;heb&quot;] = {&quot;Hebrew&quot;},
	[&quot;hed&quot;] = {&quot;Herdé&quot;},
	[&quot;heg&quot;] = {&quot;Helong&quot;},
	[&quot;heh&quot;] = {&quot;Hehe&quot;},
	[&quot;hei&quot;] = {&quot;Heiltsuk&quot;},
	[&quot;hem&quot;] = {&quot;Hemba&quot;},
	[&quot;her&quot;] = {&quot;Herero&quot;},
	[&quot;hgm&quot;] = {&quot;Hai||om&quot;},
	[&quot;hgw&quot;] = {&quot;Haigwai&quot;},
	[&quot;hhi&quot;] = {&quot;Hoia Hoia&quot;},
	[&quot;hhr&quot;] = {&quot;Kerak&quot;},
	[&quot;hhy&quot;] = {&quot;Hoyahoya&quot;},
	[&quot;hia&quot;] = {&quot;Lamang&quot;},
	[&quot;hib&quot;] = {&quot;Hibito&quot;},
	[&quot;hid&quot;] = {&quot;Hidatsa&quot;},
	[&quot;hif&quot;] = {&quot;Fiji Hindi&quot;},
	[&quot;hig&quot;] = {&quot;Kamwe&quot;},
	[&quot;hih&quot;] = {&quot;Pamosu&quot;},
	[&quot;hii&quot;] = {&quot;Hinduri&quot;},
	[&quot;hij&quot;] = {&quot;Hijuk&quot;},
	[&quot;hik&quot;] = {&quot;Seit-Kaitetu&quot;},
	[&quot;hil&quot;] = {&quot;Hiligaynon&quot;},
	[&quot;hin&quot;] = {&quot;Hindi&quot;},
	[&quot;hio&quot;] = {&quot;Tsoa&quot;},
	[&quot;hir&quot;] = {&quot;Himarimã&quot;},
	[&quot;hit&quot;] = {&quot;Hittite&quot;},
	[&quot;hiw&quot;] = {&quot;Hiw&quot;},
	[&quot;hix&quot;] = {&quot;Hixkaryána&quot;},
	[&quot;hji&quot;] = {&quot;Haji&quot;},
	[&quot;hka&quot;] = {&quot;Kahe&quot;},
	[&quot;hke&quot;] = {&quot;Hunde&quot;},
	[&quot;hkk&quot;] = {&quot;Hunjara-Kaina Ke&quot;},
	[&quot;hkn&quot;] = {&quot;Mel-Khaonh&quot;},
	[&quot;hks&quot;] = {&quot;Heung Kong Sau Yue&quot;, &quot;Hong Kong Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hla&quot;] = {&quot;Halia&quot;},
	[&quot;hlb&quot;] = {&quot;Halbi&quot;},
	[&quot;hld&quot;] = {&quot;Halang Doan&quot;},
	[&quot;hle&quot;] = {&quot;Hlersu&quot;},
	[&quot;hlt&quot;] = {&quot;Matu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;hlu&quot;] = {&quot;Hieroglyphic Luwian&quot;},
	[&quot;hma&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Mashan Hmong&quot;, &quot;Southern Mashan Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmb&quot;] = {&quot;Humburi Senni Songhay&quot;},
	[&quot;hmc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Huishui Hmong&quot;, &quot;Central Huishui Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmd&quot;] = {&quot;A-hmaos&quot;, &quot;Da-Hua Miao&quot;, &quot;Large Flowery Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hme&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Huishui Hmong&quot;, &quot;Eastern Huishui Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmf&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Don&quot;},
	[&quot;hmg&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Guiyang Hmong&quot;},
	[&quot;hmh&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Huishui Hmong&quot;, &quot;Southwestern Huishui Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmi&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Huishui Hmong&quot;, &quot;Northern Huishui Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmj&quot;] = {&quot;Ge&quot;, &quot;Gejia&quot;},
	[&quot;hmk&quot;] = {&quot;Maek&quot;},
	[&quot;hml&quot;] = {&quot;Luopohe Hmong&quot;, &quot;Luopohe Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmm&quot;] = {&quot;Central Mashan Hmong&quot;, &quot;Central Mashan Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmn&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong&quot;, &quot;Mong&quot;},
	[&quot;hmo&quot;] = {&quot;Hiri Motu&quot;},
	[&quot;hmp&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Mashan Hmong&quot;, &quot;Northern Mashan Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmq&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Qiandong Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmr&quot;] = {&quot;Hmar&quot;},
	[&quot;hms&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Qiandong Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmt&quot;] = {&quot;Hamtai&quot;},
	[&quot;hmu&quot;] = {&quot;Hamap&quot;},
	[&quot;hmv&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Dô&quot;},
	[&quot;hmw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Mashan Hmong&quot;, &quot;Western Mashan Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmy&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Guiyang Hmong&quot;, &quot;Southern Guiyang Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hmz&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Shua&quot;, &quot;Sinicized Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hna&quot;] = {&quot;Mina (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;hnd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Hindko&quot;},
	[&quot;hne&quot;] = {&quot;Chhattisgarhi&quot;},
	[&quot;hnh&quot;] = {&quot;||Ani&quot;},
	[&quot;hni&quot;] = {&quot;Hani&quot;},
	[&quot;hnj&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Njua&quot;, &quot;Mong Leng&quot;, &quot;Mong Njua&quot;},
	[&quot;hnn&quot;] = {&quot;Hanunoo&quot;},
	[&quot;hno&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Hindko&quot;},
	[&quot;hns&quot;] = {&quot;Caribbean Hindustani&quot;},
	[&quot;hnu&quot;] = {&quot;Hung&quot;},
	[&quot;hoa&quot;] = {&quot;Hoava&quot;},
	[&quot;hob&quot;] = {&quot;Mari (Madang Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;hoc&quot;] = {&quot;Ho&quot;},
	[&quot;hod&quot;] = {&quot;Holma&quot;},
	[&quot;hoe&quot;] = {&quot;Horom&quot;},
	[&quot;hoh&quot;] = {&quot;Hobyót&quot;},
	[&quot;hoi&quot;] = {&quot;Holikachuk&quot;},
	[&quot;hoj&quot;] = {&quot;Hadothi&quot;, &quot;Haroti&quot;},
	[&quot;hol&quot;] = {&quot;Holu&quot;},
	[&quot;hom&quot;] = {&quot;Homa&quot;},
	[&quot;hoo&quot;] = {&quot;Holoholo&quot;},
	[&quot;hop&quot;] = {&quot;Hopi&quot;},
	[&quot;hor&quot;] = {&quot;Horo&quot;},
	[&quot;hos&quot;] = {&quot;Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hot&quot;] = {&quot;Hote&quot;, &quot;Malê&quot;},
	[&quot;hov&quot;] = {&quot;Hovongan&quot;},
	[&quot;how&quot;] = {&quot;Honi&quot;},
	[&quot;hoy&quot;] = {&quot;Holiya&quot;},
	[&quot;hoz&quot;] = {&quot;Hozo&quot;},
	[&quot;hpo&quot;] = {&quot;Hpon&quot;},
	[&quot;hps&quot;] = {&quot;Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Hawai'i Sign Language (HSL)&quot;},
	[&quot;hra&quot;] = {&quot;Hrangkhol&quot;},
	[&quot;hrc&quot;] = {&quot;Niwer Mil&quot;},
	[&quot;hre&quot;] = {&quot;Hre&quot;},
	[&quot;hrk&quot;] = {&quot;Haruku&quot;},
	[&quot;hrm&quot;] = {&quot;Horned Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;hro&quot;] = {&quot;Haroi&quot;},
	[&quot;hrp&quot;] = {&quot;Nhirrpi&quot;},
	[&quot;hrt&quot;] = {&quot;Hértevin&quot;},
	[&quot;hru&quot;] = {&quot;Hruso&quot;},
	[&quot;hrv&quot;] = {&quot;Croatian&quot;},
	[&quot;hrw&quot;] = {&quot;Warwar Feni&quot;},
	[&quot;hrx&quot;] = {&quot;Hunsrik&quot;},
	[&quot;hrz&quot;] = {&quot;Harzani&quot;},
	[&quot;hsb&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Sorbian&quot;},
	[&quot;hsh&quot;] = {&quot;Hungarian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hsl&quot;] = {&quot;Hausa Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hsn&quot;] = {&quot;Xiang Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;hss&quot;] = {&quot;Harsusi&quot;},
	[&quot;hti&quot;] = {&quot;Hoti&quot;},
	[&quot;hto&quot;] = {&quot;Minica Huitoto&quot;},
	[&quot;hts&quot;] = {&quot;Hadza&quot;},
	[&quot;htu&quot;] = {&quot;Hitu&quot;},
	[&quot;htx&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Hittite&quot;},
	[&quot;hub&quot;] = {&quot;Huambisa&quot;},
	[&quot;huc&quot;] = {&quot;‡Hua&quot;},
	[&quot;hud&quot;] = {&quot;Huaulu&quot;},
	[&quot;hue&quot;] = {&quot;San Francisco Del Mar Huave&quot;},
	[&quot;huf&quot;] = {&quot;Humene&quot;},
	[&quot;hug&quot;] = {&quot;Huachipaeri&quot;},
	[&quot;huh&quot;] = {&quot;Huilliche&quot;},
	[&quot;hui&quot;] = {&quot;Huli&quot;},
	[&quot;huj&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Guiyang Hmong&quot;, &quot;Northern Guiyang Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;huk&quot;] = {&quot;Hulung&quot;},
	[&quot;hul&quot;] = {&quot;Hula&quot;},
	[&quot;hum&quot;] = {&quot;Hungana&quot;},
	[&quot;hun&quot;] = {&quot;Hungarian&quot;},
	[&quot;huo&quot;] = {&quot;Hu&quot;},
	[&quot;hup&quot;] = {&quot;Hupa&quot;},
	[&quot;huq&quot;] = {&quot;Tsat&quot;},
	[&quot;hur&quot;] = {&quot;Halkomelem&quot;},
	[&quot;hus&quot;] = {&quot;Huastec&quot;},
	[&quot;hut&quot;] = {&quot;Humla&quot;},
	[&quot;huu&quot;] = {&quot;Murui Huitoto&quot;},
	[&quot;huv&quot;] = {&quot;San Mateo Del Mar Huave&quot;},
	[&quot;huw&quot;] = {&quot;Hukumina&quot;},
	[&quot;hux&quot;] = {&quot;Nüpode Huitoto&quot;},
	[&quot;huy&quot;] = {&quot;Hulaulá&quot;},
	[&quot;huz&quot;] = {&quot;Hunzib&quot;},
	[&quot;hvc&quot;] = {&quot;Haitian Vodoun Culture Language&quot;},
	[&quot;hve&quot;] = {&quot;San Dionisio Del Mar Huave&quot;},
	[&quot;hvk&quot;] = {&quot;Haveke&quot;},
	[&quot;hvn&quot;] = {&quot;Sabu&quot;},
	[&quot;hvv&quot;] = {&quot;Santa María Del Mar Huave&quot;},
	[&quot;hwa&quot;] = {&quot;Wané&quot;},
	[&quot;hwc&quot;] = {&quot;Hawai'i Creole English&quot;, &quot;Hawai'i Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;hwo&quot;] = {&quot;Hwana&quot;},
	[&quot;hya&quot;] = {&quot;Hya&quot;},
	[&quot;hye&quot;] = {&quot;Armenian&quot;},
	[&quot;hyw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Armenian&quot;},
	[&quot;iai&quot;] = {&quot;Iaai&quot;},
	[&quot;ian&quot;] = {&quot;Iatmul&quot;},
	[&quot;iar&quot;] = {&quot;Purari&quot;},
	[&quot;iba&quot;] = {&quot;Iban&quot;},
	[&quot;ibb&quot;] = {&quot;Ibibio&quot;},
	[&quot;ibd&quot;] = {&quot;Iwaidja&quot;},
	[&quot;ibe&quot;] = {&quot;Akpes&quot;},
	[&quot;ibg&quot;] = {&quot;Ibanag&quot;},
	[&quot;ibh&quot;] = {&quot;Bih&quot;},
	[&quot;ibl&quot;] = {&quot;Ibaloi&quot;},
	[&quot;ibm&quot;] = {&quot;Agoi&quot;},
	[&quot;ibn&quot;] = {&quot;Ibino&quot;},
	[&quot;ibo&quot;] = {&quot;Igbo&quot;},
	[&quot;ibr&quot;] = {&quot;Ibuoro&quot;},
	[&quot;ibu&quot;] = {&quot;Ibu&quot;},
	[&quot;iby&quot;] = {&quot;Ibani&quot;},
	[&quot;ica&quot;] = {&quot;Ede Ica&quot;},
	[&quot;ich&quot;] = {&quot;Etkywan&quot;},
	[&quot;icl&quot;] = {&quot;Icelandic Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;icr&quot;] = {&quot;Islander Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;ida&quot;] = {&quot;Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki&quot;, &quot;Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi&quot;},
	[&quot;idb&quot;] = {&quot;Indo-Portuguese&quot;},
	[&quot;idc&quot;] = {&quot;Ajiya&quot;, &quot;Idon&quot;},
	[&quot;idd&quot;] = {&quot;Ede Idaca&quot;},
	[&quot;ide&quot;] = {&quot;Idere&quot;},
	[&quot;idi&quot;] = {&quot;Idi&quot;},
	[&quot;ido&quot;] = {&quot;Ido&quot;},
	[&quot;idr&quot;] = {&quot;Indri&quot;},
	[&quot;ids&quot;] = {&quot;Idesa&quot;},
	[&quot;idt&quot;] = {&quot;Idaté&quot;},
	[&quot;idu&quot;] = {&quot;Idoma&quot;},
	[&quot;ifa&quot;] = {&quot;Amganad Ifugao&quot;},
	[&quot;ifb&quot;] = {&quot;Ayangan Ifugao&quot;, &quot;Batad Ifugao&quot;},
	[&quot;ife&quot;] = {&quot;Ifè&quot;},
	[&quot;iff&quot;] = {&quot;Ifo&quot;},
	[&quot;ifk&quot;] = {&quot;Tuwali Ifugao&quot;},
	[&quot;ifm&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Fuumu&quot;},
	[&quot;ifu&quot;] = {&quot;Mayoyao Ifugao&quot;},
	[&quot;ify&quot;] = {&quot;Keley-I Kallahan&quot;},
	[&quot;igb&quot;] = {&quot;Ebira&quot;},
	[&quot;ige&quot;] = {&quot;Igede&quot;},
	[&quot;igg&quot;] = {&quot;Igana&quot;},
	[&quot;igl&quot;] = {&quot;Igala&quot;},
	[&quot;igm&quot;] = {&quot;Kanggape&quot;},
	[&quot;ign&quot;] = {&quot;Ignaciano&quot;},
	[&quot;igo&quot;] = {&quot;Isebe&quot;},
	[&quot;igs&quot;] = {&quot;Interglossa&quot;},
	[&quot;igw&quot;] = {&quot;Igwe&quot;},
	[&quot;ihb&quot;] = {&quot;Iha Based Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;ihi&quot;] = {&quot;Ihievbe&quot;},
	[&quot;ihp&quot;] = {&quot;Iha&quot;},
	[&quot;ihw&quot;] = {&quot;Bidhawal&quot;},
	[&quot;iii&quot;] = {&quot;Nuosu&quot;, &quot;Sichuan Yi&quot;},
	[&quot;iin&quot;] = {&quot;Thiin&quot;},
	[&quot;ijc&quot;] = {&quot;Izon&quot;},
	[&quot;ije&quot;] = {&quot;Biseni&quot;},
	[&quot;ijj&quot;] = {&quot;Ede Ije&quot;},
	[&quot;ijn&quot;] = {&quot;Kalabari&quot;},
	[&quot;ijs&quot;] = {&quot;Southeast Ijo&quot;},
	[&quot;ike&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Canadian Inuktitut&quot;},
	[&quot;iki&quot;] = {&quot;Iko&quot;},
	[&quot;ikk&quot;] = {&quot;Ika&quot;},
	[&quot;ikl&quot;] = {&quot;Ikulu&quot;},
	[&quot;iko&quot;] = {&quot;Olulumo-Ikom&quot;},
	[&quot;ikp&quot;] = {&quot;Ikpeshi&quot;},
	[&quot;ikr&quot;] = {&quot;Ikaranggal&quot;},
	[&quot;iks&quot;] = {&quot;Inuit Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ikt&quot;] = {&quot;Inuinnaqtun&quot;, &quot;Western Canadian Inuktitut&quot;},
	[&quot;iku&quot;] = {&quot;Inuktitut&quot;},
	[&quot;ikv&quot;] = {&quot;Iku-Gora-Ankwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ikw&quot;] = {&quot;Ikwere&quot;},
	[&quot;ikx&quot;] = {&quot;Ik&quot;},
	[&quot;ikz&quot;] = {&quot;Ikizu&quot;},
	[&quot;ila&quot;] = {&quot;Ile Ape&quot;},
	[&quot;ilb&quot;] = {&quot;Ila&quot;},
	[&quot;ile&quot;] = {&quot;Interlingue&quot;, &quot;Occidental&quot;},
	[&quot;ilg&quot;] = {&quot;Garig-Ilgar&quot;},
	[&quot;ili&quot;] = {&quot;Ili Turki&quot;},
	[&quot;ilk&quot;] = {&quot;Ilongot&quot;},
	[&quot;ilm&quot;] = {&quot;Iranun (Malaysia)&quot;},
	[&quot;ilo&quot;] = {&quot;Iloko&quot;},
	[&quot;ilp&quot;] = {&quot;Iranun (Philippines)&quot;},
	[&quot;ils&quot;] = {&quot;International Sign&quot;},
	[&quot;ilu&quot;] = {&quot;Ili'uun&quot;},
	[&quot;ilv&quot;] = {&quot;Ilue&quot;},
	[&quot;ima&quot;] = {&quot;Mala Malasar&quot;},
	[&quot;imi&quot;] = {&quot;Anamgura&quot;},
	[&quot;iml&quot;] = {&quot;Miluk&quot;},
	[&quot;imn&quot;] = {&quot;Imonda&quot;},
	[&quot;imo&quot;] = {&quot;Imbongu&quot;},
	[&quot;imr&quot;] = {&quot;Imroing&quot;},
	[&quot;ims&quot;] = {&quot;Marsian&quot;},
	[&quot;imy&quot;] = {&quot;Milyan&quot;},
	[&quot;ina&quot;] = {&quot;Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)&quot;},
	[&quot;inb&quot;] = {&quot;Inga&quot;},
	[&quot;ind&quot;] = {&quot;Indonesian&quot;},
	[&quot;ing&quot;] = {&quot;Degexit'an&quot;},
	[&quot;inh&quot;] = {&quot;Ingush&quot;},
	[&quot;inj&quot;] = {&quot;Jungle Inga&quot;},
	[&quot;inl&quot;] = {&quot;Indonesian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;inm&quot;] = {&quot;Minaean&quot;},
	[&quot;inn&quot;] = {&quot;Isinai&quot;},
	[&quot;ino&quot;] = {&quot;Inoke-Yate&quot;},
	[&quot;inp&quot;] = {&quot;Iñapari&quot;},
	[&quot;ins&quot;] = {&quot;Indian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;int&quot;] = {&quot;Intha&quot;},
	[&quot;inz&quot;] = {&quot;Ineseño&quot;},
	[&quot;ior&quot;] = {&quot;Inor&quot;},
	[&quot;iou&quot;] = {&quot;Tuma-Irumu&quot;},
	[&quot;iow&quot;] = {&quot;Iowa-Oto&quot;},
	[&quot;ipi&quot;] = {&quot;Ipili&quot;},
	[&quot;ipk&quot;] = {&quot;Inupiaq&quot;},
	[&quot;ipo&quot;] = {&quot;Ipiko&quot;},
	[&quot;iqu&quot;] = {&quot;Iquito&quot;},
	[&quot;iqw&quot;] = {&quot;Ikwo&quot;},
	[&quot;ire&quot;] = {&quot;Iresim&quot;},
	[&quot;irh&quot;] = {&quot;Irarutu&quot;},
	[&quot;iri&quot;] = {&quot;Irigwe&quot;, &quot;Rigwe&quot;},
	[&quot;irk&quot;] = {&quot;Iraqw&quot;},
	[&quot;irn&quot;] = {&quot;Irántxe&quot;},
	[&quot;irr&quot;] = {&quot;Ir&quot;},
	[&quot;iru&quot;] = {&quot;Irula&quot;},
	[&quot;irx&quot;] = {&quot;Kamberau&quot;},
	[&quot;iry&quot;] = {&quot;Iraya&quot;},
	[&quot;isa&quot;] = {&quot;Isabi&quot;},
	[&quot;isc&quot;] = {&quot;Isconahua&quot;},
	[&quot;isd&quot;] = {&quot;Isnag&quot;},
	[&quot;ise&quot;] = {&quot;Italian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;isg&quot;] = {&quot;Irish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ish&quot;] = {&quot;Esan&quot;},
	[&quot;isi&quot;] = {&quot;Nkem-Nkum&quot;},
	[&quot;isk&quot;] = {&quot;Ishkashimi&quot;},
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = {&quot;Icelandic&quot;},
	[&quot;ism&quot;] = {&quot;Masimasi&quot;},
	[&quot;isn&quot;] = {&quot;Isanzu&quot;},
	[&quot;iso&quot;] = {&quot;Isoko&quot;},
	[&quot;isr&quot;] = {&quot;Israeli Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ist&quot;] = {&quot;Istriot&quot;},
	[&quot;isu&quot;] = {&quot;Isu (Menchum Division)&quot;},
	[&quot;ita&quot;] = {&quot;Italian&quot;},
	[&quot;itb&quot;] = {&quot;Binongan Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;itd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Tidung&quot;},
	[&quot;ite&quot;] = {&quot;Itene&quot;},
	[&quot;iti&quot;] = {&quot;Inlaod Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;itk&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Italian&quot;},
	[&quot;itl&quot;] = {&quot;Itelmen&quot;},
	[&quot;itm&quot;] = {&quot;Itu Mbon Uzo&quot;},
	[&quot;ito&quot;] = {&quot;Itonama&quot;},
	[&quot;itr&quot;] = {&quot;Iteri&quot;},
	[&quot;its&quot;] = {&quot;Isekiri&quot;},
	[&quot;itt&quot;] = {&quot;Maeng Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;itv&quot;] = {&quot;Itawit&quot;},
	[&quot;itw&quot;] = {&quot;Ito&quot;},
	[&quot;itx&quot;] = {&quot;Itik&quot;},
	[&quot;ity&quot;] = {&quot;Moyadan Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;itz&quot;] = {&quot;Itzá&quot;},
	[&quot;ium&quot;] = {&quot;Iu Mien&quot;},
	[&quot;ivb&quot;] = {&quot;Ibatan&quot;},
	[&quot;ivv&quot;] = {&quot;Ivatan&quot;},
	[&quot;iwk&quot;] = {&quot;I-Wak&quot;},
	[&quot;iwm&quot;] = {&quot;Iwam&quot;},
	[&quot;iwo&quot;] = {&quot;Iwur&quot;},
	[&quot;iws&quot;] = {&quot;Sepik Iwam&quot;},
	[&quot;ixc&quot;] = {&quot;Ixcatec&quot;},
	[&quot;ixl&quot;] = {&quot;Ixil&quot;},
	[&quot;iya&quot;] = {&quot;Iyayu&quot;},
	[&quot;iyo&quot;] = {&quot;Mesaka&quot;},
	[&quot;iyx&quot;] = {&quot;Yaka (Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;izh&quot;] = {&quot;Ingrian&quot;},
	[&quot;izr&quot;] = {&quot;Izere&quot;},
	[&quot;izz&quot;] = {&quot;Izii&quot;},
	[&quot;jaa&quot;] = {&quot;Jamamadí&quot;},
	[&quot;jab&quot;] = {&quot;Hyam&quot;},
	[&quot;jac&quot;] = {&quot;Jakalteko&quot;, &quot;Popti'&quot;},
	[&quot;jad&quot;] = {&quot;Jahanka&quot;},
	[&quot;jae&quot;] = {&quot;Yabem&quot;},
	[&quot;jaf&quot;] = {&quot;Jara&quot;},
	[&quot;jah&quot;] = {&quot;Jah Hut&quot;},
	[&quot;jaj&quot;] = {&quot;Zazao&quot;},
	[&quot;jak&quot;] = {&quot;Jakun&quot;},
	[&quot;jal&quot;] = {&quot;Yalahatan&quot;},
	[&quot;jam&quot;] = {&quot;Jamaican Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;jan&quot;] = {&quot;Jandai&quot;},
	[&quot;jao&quot;] = {&quot;Yanyuwa&quot;},
	[&quot;jaq&quot;] = {&quot;Yaqay&quot;},
	[&quot;jas&quot;] = {&quot;New Caledonian Javanese&quot;},
	[&quot;jat&quot;] = {&quot;Jakati&quot;},
	[&quot;jau&quot;] = {&quot;Yaur&quot;},
	[&quot;jav&quot;] = {&quot;Javanese&quot;},
	[&quot;jax&quot;] = {&quot;Jambi Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;jay&quot;] = {&quot;Yan-nhangu&quot;},
	[&quot;jaz&quot;] = {&quot;Jawe&quot;},
	[&quot;jbe&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Berber&quot;},
	[&quot;jbi&quot;] = {&quot;Badjiri&quot;},
	[&quot;jbj&quot;] = {&quot;Arandai&quot;},
	[&quot;jbk&quot;] = {&quot;Barikewa&quot;},
	[&quot;jbn&quot;] = {&quot;Nafusi&quot;},
	[&quot;jbo&quot;] = {&quot;Lojban&quot;},
	[&quot;jbr&quot;] = {&quot;Jofotek-Bromnya&quot;},
	[&quot;jbt&quot;] = {&quot;Jabutí&quot;},
	[&quot;jbu&quot;] = {&quot;Jukun Takum&quot;},
	[&quot;jbw&quot;] = {&quot;Yawijibaya&quot;},
	[&quot;jcs&quot;] = {&quot;Jamaican Country Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jct&quot;] = {&quot;Krymchak&quot;},
	[&quot;jda&quot;] = {&quot;Jad&quot;},
	[&quot;jdg&quot;] = {&quot;Jadgali&quot;},
	[&quot;jdt&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Tat&quot;},
	[&quot;jeb&quot;] = {&quot;Jebero&quot;},
	[&quot;jee&quot;] = {&quot;Jerung&quot;},
	[&quot;jeh&quot;] = {&quot;Jeh&quot;},
	[&quot;jei&quot;] = {&quot;Yei&quot;},
	[&quot;jek&quot;] = {&quot;Jeri Kuo&quot;},
	[&quot;jel&quot;] = {&quot;Yelmek&quot;},
	[&quot;jen&quot;] = {&quot;Dza&quot;},
	[&quot;jer&quot;] = {&quot;Jere&quot;},
	[&quot;jet&quot;] = {&quot;Manem&quot;},
	[&quot;jeu&quot;] = {&quot;Jonkor Bourmataguil&quot;},
	[&quot;jgb&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbee&quot;},
	[&quot;jge&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Georgian&quot;},
	[&quot;jgk&quot;] = {&quot;Gwak&quot;},
	[&quot;jgo&quot;] = {&quot;Ngomba&quot;},
	[&quot;jhi&quot;] = {&quot;Jehai&quot;},
	[&quot;jhs&quot;] = {&quot;Jhankot Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jia&quot;] = {&quot;Jina&quot;},
	[&quot;jib&quot;] = {&quot;Jibu&quot;},
	[&quot;jic&quot;] = {&quot;Tol&quot;},
	[&quot;jid&quot;] = {&quot;Bu&quot;},
	[&quot;jie&quot;] = {&quot;Jilbe&quot;},
	[&quot;jig&quot;] = {&quot;Djingili&quot;},
	[&quot;jih&quot;] = {&quot;Shangzhai&quot;, &quot;sTodsde&quot;},
	[&quot;jii&quot;] = {&quot;Jiiddu&quot;},
	[&quot;jil&quot;] = {&quot;Jilim&quot;},
	[&quot;jim&quot;] = {&quot;Jimi (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;jio&quot;] = {&quot;Jiamao&quot;},
	[&quot;jiq&quot;] = {&quot;Guanyinqiao&quot;, &quot;Lavrung&quot;},
	[&quot;jit&quot;] = {&quot;Jita&quot;},
	[&quot;jiu&quot;] = {&quot;Youle Jinuo&quot;},
	[&quot;jiv&quot;] = {&quot;Shuar&quot;},
	[&quot;jiy&quot;] = {&quot;Buyuan Jinuo&quot;},
	[&quot;jje&quot;] = {&quot;Jejueo&quot;},
	[&quot;jjr&quot;] = {&quot;Bankal&quot;},
	[&quot;jka&quot;] = {&quot;Kaera&quot;},
	[&quot;jkm&quot;] = {&quot;Mobwa Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;jko&quot;] = {&quot;Kubo&quot;},
	[&quot;jkp&quot;] = {&quot;Paku Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;jkr&quot;] = {&quot;Koro (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;jku&quot;] = {&quot;Labir&quot;},
	[&quot;jle&quot;] = {&quot;Ngile&quot;},
	[&quot;jls&quot;] = {&quot;Jamaican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jma&quot;] = {&quot;Dima&quot;},
	[&quot;jmb&quot;] = {&quot;Zumbun&quot;},
	[&quot;jmc&quot;] = {&quot;Machame&quot;},
	[&quot;jmd&quot;] = {&quot;Yamdena&quot;},
	[&quot;jmi&quot;] = {&quot;Jimi (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;jml&quot;] = {&quot;Jumli&quot;},
	[&quot;jmn&quot;] = {&quot;Makuri Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;jmr&quot;] = {&quot;Kamara&quot;},
	[&quot;jms&quot;] = {&quot;Mashi (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;jmw&quot;] = {&quot;Mouwase&quot;},
	[&quot;jmx&quot;] = {&quot;Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;jna&quot;] = {&quot;Jangshung&quot;},
	[&quot;jnd&quot;] = {&quot;Jandavra&quot;},
	[&quot;jng&quot;] = {&quot;Yangman&quot;},
	[&quot;jni&quot;] = {&quot;Janji&quot;},
	[&quot;jnj&quot;] = {&quot;Yemsa&quot;},
	[&quot;jnl&quot;] = {&quot;Rawat&quot;},
	[&quot;jns&quot;] = {&quot;Jaunsari&quot;},
	[&quot;job&quot;] = {&quot;Joba&quot;},
	[&quot;jod&quot;] = {&quot;Wojenaka&quot;},
	[&quot;jog&quot;] = {&quot;Jogi&quot;},
	[&quot;jor&quot;] = {&quot;Jorá&quot;},
	[&quot;jos&quot;] = {&quot;Jordanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jow&quot;] = {&quot;Jowulu&quot;},
	[&quot;jpa&quot;] = {&quot;Jewish Palestinian Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;jpn&quot;] = {&quot;Japanese&quot;},
	[&quot;jpr&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;jqr&quot;] = {&quot;Jaqaru&quot;},
	[&quot;jra&quot;] = {&quot;Jarai&quot;},
	[&quot;jrb&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;jrr&quot;] = {&quot;Jiru&quot;},
	[&quot;jrt&quot;] = {&quot;Jorto&quot;},
	[&quot;jru&quot;] = {&quot;Japrería&quot;},
	[&quot;jsl&quot;] = {&quot;Japanese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jua&quot;] = {&quot;Júma&quot;},
	[&quot;jub&quot;] = {&quot;Wannu&quot;},
	[&quot;juc&quot;] = {&quot;Jurchen&quot;},
	[&quot;jud&quot;] = {&quot;Worodougou&quot;},
	[&quot;juh&quot;] = {&quot;Hõne&quot;},
	[&quot;jui&quot;] = {&quot;Ngadjuri&quot;},
	[&quot;juk&quot;] = {&quot;Wapan&quot;},
	[&quot;jul&quot;] = {&quot;Jirel&quot;},
	[&quot;jum&quot;] = {&quot;Jumjum&quot;},
	[&quot;jun&quot;] = {&quot;Juang&quot;},
	[&quot;juo&quot;] = {&quot;Jiba&quot;},
	[&quot;jup&quot;] = {&quot;Hupdë&quot;},
	[&quot;jur&quot;] = {&quot;Jurúna&quot;},
	[&quot;jus&quot;] = {&quot;Jumla Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;jut&quot;] = {&quot;Jutish&quot;},
	[&quot;juu&quot;] = {&quot;Ju&quot;},
	[&quot;juw&quot;] = {&quot;Wãpha&quot;},
	[&quot;juy&quot;] = {&quot;Juray&quot;},
	[&quot;jvd&quot;] = {&quot;Javindo&quot;},
	[&quot;jvn&quot;] = {&quot;Caribbean Javanese&quot;},
	[&quot;jwi&quot;] = {&quot;Jwira-Pepesa&quot;},
	[&quot;jya&quot;] = {&quot;Jiarong&quot;},
	[&quot;jye&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Yemeni Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;jyy&quot;] = {&quot;Jaya&quot;},
	[&quot;kaa&quot;] = {&quot;Kara-Kalpak&quot;},
	[&quot;kab&quot;] = {&quot;Kabyle&quot;},
	[&quot;kac&quot;] = {&quot;Jingpho&quot;, &quot;Kachin&quot;},
	[&quot;kad&quot;] = {&quot;Adara&quot;},
	[&quot;kae&quot;] = {&quot;Ketangalan&quot;},
	[&quot;kaf&quot;] = {&quot;Katso&quot;},
	[&quot;kag&quot;] = {&quot;Kajaman&quot;},
	[&quot;kah&quot;] = {&quot;Kara (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;kai&quot;] = {&quot;Karekare&quot;},
	[&quot;kaj&quot;] = {&quot;Jju&quot;},
	[&quot;kak&quot;] = {&quot;Kalanguya&quot;, &quot;Kayapa Kallahan&quot;},
	[&quot;kal&quot;] = {&quot;Greenlandic&quot;, &quot;Kalaallisut&quot;},
	[&quot;kam&quot;] = {&quot;Kamba (Kenya)&quot;},
	[&quot;kan&quot;] = {&quot;Kannada&quot;},
	[&quot;kao&quot;] = {&quot;Xaasongaxango&quot;},
	[&quot;kap&quot;] = {&quot;Bezhta&quot;},
	[&quot;kaq&quot;] = {&quot;Capanahua&quot;},
	[&quot;kas&quot;] = {&quot;Kashmiri&quot;},
	[&quot;kat&quot;] = {&quot;Georgian&quot;},
	[&quot;kau&quot;] = {&quot;Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;kav&quot;] = {&quot;Katukína&quot;},
	[&quot;kaw&quot;] = {&quot;Kawi&quot;},
	[&quot;kax&quot;] = {&quot;Kao&quot;},
	[&quot;kay&quot;] = {&quot;Kamayurá&quot;},
	[&quot;kaz&quot;] = {&quot;Kazakh&quot;},
	[&quot;kba&quot;] = {&quot;Kalarko&quot;},
	[&quot;kbb&quot;] = {&quot;Kaxuiâna&quot;},
	[&quot;kbc&quot;] = {&quot;Kadiwéu&quot;},
	[&quot;kbd&quot;] = {&quot;Kabardian&quot;},
	[&quot;kbe&quot;] = {&quot;Kanju&quot;},
	[&quot;kbg&quot;] = {&quot;Khamba&quot;},
	[&quot;kbh&quot;] = {&quot;Camsá&quot;},
	[&quot;kbi&quot;] = {&quot;Kaptiau&quot;},
	[&quot;kbj&quot;] = {&quot;Kari&quot;},
	[&quot;kbk&quot;] = {&quot;Grass Koiari&quot;},
	[&quot;kbl&quot;] = {&quot;Kanembu&quot;},
	[&quot;kbm&quot;] = {&quot;Iwal&quot;},
	[&quot;kbn&quot;] = {&quot;Kare (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;kbo&quot;] = {&quot;Keliko&quot;},
	[&quot;kbp&quot;] = {&quot;Kabiyè&quot;},
	[&quot;kbq&quot;] = {&quot;Kamano&quot;},
	[&quot;kbr&quot;] = {&quot;Kafa&quot;},
	[&quot;kbs&quot;] = {&quot;Kande&quot;},
	[&quot;kbt&quot;] = {&quot;Abadi&quot;},
	[&quot;kbu&quot;] = {&quot;Kabutra&quot;},
	[&quot;kbv&quot;] = {&quot;Dera (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;kbw&quot;] = {&quot;Kaiep&quot;},
	[&quot;kbx&quot;] = {&quot;Ap Ma&quot;},
	[&quot;kby&quot;] = {&quot;Manga Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;kbz&quot;] = {&quot;Duhwa&quot;},
	[&quot;kca&quot;] = {&quot;Khanty&quot;},
	[&quot;kcb&quot;] = {&quot;Kawacha&quot;},
	[&quot;kcc&quot;] = {&quot;Lubila&quot;},
	[&quot;kcd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngkâlmpw Kanum&quot;},
	[&quot;kce&quot;] = {&quot;Kaivi&quot;},
	[&quot;kcf&quot;] = {&quot;Ukaan&quot;},
	[&quot;kcg&quot;] = {&quot;Tyap&quot;},
	[&quot;kch&quot;] = {&quot;Vono&quot;},
	[&quot;kci&quot;] = {&quot;Kamantan&quot;},
	[&quot;kcj&quot;] = {&quot;Kobiana&quot;},
	[&quot;kck&quot;] = {&quot;Kalanga&quot;},
	[&quot;kcl&quot;] = {&quot;Kala&quot;, &quot;Kela (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;kcm&quot;] = {&quot;Gula (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;kcn&quot;] = {&quot;Nubi&quot;},
	[&quot;kco&quot;] = {&quot;Kinalakna&quot;},
	[&quot;kcp&quot;] = {&quot;Kanga&quot;},
	[&quot;kcq&quot;] = {&quot;Kamo&quot;},
	[&quot;kcr&quot;] = {&quot;Katla&quot;},
	[&quot;kcs&quot;] = {&quot;Koenoem&quot;},
	[&quot;kct&quot;] = {&quot;Kaian&quot;},
	[&quot;kcu&quot;] = {&quot;Kami (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;kcv&quot;] = {&quot;Kete&quot;},
	[&quot;kcw&quot;] = {&quot;Kabwari&quot;},
	[&quot;kcx&quot;] = {&quot;Kachama-Ganjule&quot;},
	[&quot;kcy&quot;] = {&quot;Korandje&quot;},
	[&quot;kcz&quot;] = {&quot;Konongo&quot;},
	[&quot;kda&quot;] = {&quot;Worimi&quot;},
	[&quot;kdc&quot;] = {&quot;Kutu&quot;},
	[&quot;kdd&quot;] = {&quot;Yankunytjatjara&quot;},
	[&quot;kde&quot;] = {&quot;Makonde&quot;},
	[&quot;kdf&quot;] = {&quot;Mamusi&quot;},
	[&quot;kdg&quot;] = {&quot;Seba&quot;},
	[&quot;kdh&quot;] = {&quot;Tem&quot;},
	[&quot;kdi&quot;] = {&quot;Kumam&quot;},
	[&quot;kdj&quot;] = {&quot;Karamojong&quot;},
	[&quot;kdk&quot;] = {&quot;Kwényi&quot;, &quot;Numèè&quot;},
	[&quot;kdl&quot;] = {&quot;Tsikimba&quot;},
	[&quot;kdm&quot;] = {&quot;Kagoma&quot;},
	[&quot;kdn&quot;] = {&quot;Kunda&quot;},
	[&quot;kdp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaningdon-Nindem&quot;},
	[&quot;kdq&quot;] = {&quot;Koch&quot;},
	[&quot;kdr&quot;] = {&quot;Karaim&quot;},
	[&quot;kdt&quot;] = {&quot;Kuy&quot;},
	[&quot;kdu&quot;] = {&quot;Kadaru&quot;},
	[&quot;kdw&quot;] = {&quot;Koneraw&quot;},
	[&quot;kdx&quot;] = {&quot;Kam&quot;},
	[&quot;kdy&quot;] = {&quot;Keder&quot;, &quot;Keijar&quot;},
	[&quot;kdz&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaja&quot;},
	[&quot;kea&quot;] = {&quot;Kabuverdianu&quot;},
	[&quot;keb&quot;] = {&quot;Kélé&quot;},
	[&quot;kec&quot;] = {&quot;Keiga&quot;},
	[&quot;ked&quot;] = {&quot;Kerewe&quot;},
	[&quot;kee&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Keres&quot;},
	[&quot;kef&quot;] = {&quot;Kpessi&quot;},
	[&quot;keg&quot;] = {&quot;Tese&quot;},
	[&quot;keh&quot;] = {&quot;Keak&quot;},
	[&quot;kei&quot;] = {&quot;Kei&quot;},
	[&quot;kej&quot;] = {&quot;Kadar&quot;},
	[&quot;kek&quot;] = {&quot;Kekchí&quot;},
	[&quot;kel&quot;] = {&quot;Kela (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;kem&quot;] = {&quot;Kemak&quot;},
	[&quot;ken&quot;] = {&quot;Kenyang&quot;},
	[&quot;keo&quot;] = {&quot;Kakwa&quot;},
	[&quot;kep&quot;] = {&quot;Kaikadi&quot;},
	[&quot;keq&quot;] = {&quot;Kamar&quot;},
	[&quot;ker&quot;] = {&quot;Kera&quot;},
	[&quot;kes&quot;] = {&quot;Kugbo&quot;},
	[&quot;ket&quot;] = {&quot;Ket&quot;},
	[&quot;keu&quot;] = {&quot;Akebu&quot;},
	[&quot;kev&quot;] = {&quot;Kanikkaran&quot;},
	[&quot;kew&quot;] = {&quot;West Kewa&quot;},
	[&quot;kex&quot;] = {&quot;Kukna&quot;},
	[&quot;key&quot;] = {&quot;Kupia&quot;},
	[&quot;kez&quot;] = {&quot;Kukele&quot;},
	[&quot;kfa&quot;] = {&quot;Kodava&quot;},
	[&quot;kfb&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Kolami&quot;},
	[&quot;kfc&quot;] = {&quot;Konda-Dora&quot;},
	[&quot;kfd&quot;] = {&quot;Korra Koraga&quot;},
	[&quot;kfe&quot;] = {&quot;Kota (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;kff&quot;] = {&quot;Koya&quot;},
	[&quot;kfg&quot;] = {&quot;Kudiya&quot;},
	[&quot;kfh&quot;] = {&quot;Kurichiya&quot;},
	[&quot;kfi&quot;] = {&quot;Kannada Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;kfj&quot;] = {&quot;Kemiehua&quot;},
	[&quot;kfk&quot;] = {&quot;Kinnauri&quot;},
	[&quot;kfl&quot;] = {&quot;Kung&quot;},
	[&quot;kfm&quot;] = {&quot;Khunsari&quot;},
	[&quot;kfn&quot;] = {&quot;Kuk&quot;},
	[&quot;kfo&quot;] = {&quot;Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)&quot;},
	[&quot;kfp&quot;] = {&quot;Korwa&quot;},
	[&quot;kfq&quot;] = {&quot;Korku&quot;},
	[&quot;kfr&quot;] = {&quot;Kachhi&quot;, &quot;Kutchi&quot;},
	[&quot;kfs&quot;] = {&quot;Bilaspuri&quot;},
	[&quot;kft&quot;] = {&quot;Kanjari&quot;},
	[&quot;kfu&quot;] = {&quot;Katkari&quot;},
	[&quot;kfv&quot;] = {&quot;Kurmukar&quot;},
	[&quot;kfw&quot;] = {&quot;Kharam Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;kfx&quot;] = {&quot;Kullu Pahari&quot;},
	[&quot;kfy&quot;] = {&quot;Kumaoni&quot;},
	[&quot;kfz&quot;] = {&quot;Koromfé&quot;},
	[&quot;kga&quot;] = {&quot;Koyaga&quot;},
	[&quot;kgb&quot;] = {&quot;Kawe&quot;},
	[&quot;kge&quot;] = {&quot;Komering&quot;},
	[&quot;kgf&quot;] = {&quot;Kube&quot;},
	[&quot;kgg&quot;] = {&quot;Kusunda&quot;},
	[&quot;kgi&quot;] = {&quot;Selangor Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;kgj&quot;] = {&quot;Gamale Kham&quot;},
	[&quot;kgk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaiwá&quot;},
	[&quot;kgl&quot;] = {&quot;Kunggari&quot;},
	[&quot;kgm&quot;] = {&quot;Karipúna&quot;},
	[&quot;kgn&quot;] = {&quot;Karingani&quot;},
	[&quot;kgo&quot;] = {&quot;Krongo&quot;},
	[&quot;kgp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaingang&quot;},
	[&quot;kgq&quot;] = {&quot;Kamoro&quot;},
	[&quot;kgr&quot;] = {&quot;Abun&quot;},
	[&quot;kgs&quot;] = {&quot;Kumbainggar&quot;},
	[&quot;kgt&quot;] = {&quot;Somyev&quot;},
	[&quot;kgu&quot;] = {&quot;Kobol&quot;},
	[&quot;kgv&quot;] = {&quot;Karas&quot;},
	[&quot;kgw&quot;] = {&quot;Karon Dori&quot;},
	[&quot;kgx&quot;] = {&quot;Kamaru&quot;},
	[&quot;kgy&quot;] = {&quot;Kyerung&quot;},
	[&quot;kha&quot;] = {&quot;Khasi&quot;},
	[&quot;khb&quot;] = {&quot;Lü&quot;},
	[&quot;khc&quot;] = {&quot;Tukang Besi North&quot;},
	[&quot;khd&quot;] = {&quot;Bädi Kanum&quot;},
	[&quot;khe&quot;] = {&quot;Korowai&quot;},
	[&quot;khf&quot;] = {&quot;Khuen&quot;},
	[&quot;khg&quot;] = {&quot;Khams Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;khh&quot;] = {&quot;Kehu&quot;},
	[&quot;khj&quot;] = {&quot;Kuturmi&quot;},
	[&quot;khk&quot;] = {&quot;Halh Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;khl&quot;] = {&quot;Lusi&quot;},
	[&quot;khm&quot;] = {&quot;Central Khmer&quot;, &quot;Khmer&quot;},
	[&quot;khn&quot;] = {&quot;Khandesi&quot;},
	[&quot;kho&quot;] = {&quot;Khotanese&quot;, &quot;Sakan&quot;},
	[&quot;khp&quot;] = {&quot;Kapauri&quot;, &quot;Kapori&quot;},
	[&quot;khq&quot;] = {&quot;Koyra Chiini Songhay&quot;},
	[&quot;khr&quot;] = {&quot;Kharia&quot;},
	[&quot;khs&quot;] = {&quot;Kasua&quot;},
	[&quot;kht&quot;] = {&quot;Khamti&quot;},
	[&quot;khu&quot;] = {&quot;Nkhumbi&quot;},
	[&quot;khv&quot;] = {&quot;Khvarshi&quot;},
	[&quot;khw&quot;] = {&quot;Khowar&quot;},
	[&quot;khx&quot;] = {&quot;Kanu&quot;},
	[&quot;khy&quot;] = {&quot;Kele (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;khz&quot;] = {&quot;Keapara&quot;},
	[&quot;kia&quot;] = {&quot;Kim&quot;},
	[&quot;kib&quot;] = {&quot;Koalib&quot;},
	[&quot;kic&quot;] = {&quot;Kickapoo&quot;},
	[&quot;kid&quot;] = {&quot;Koshin&quot;},
	[&quot;kie&quot;] = {&quot;Kibet&quot;},
	[&quot;kif&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Parbate Kham&quot;},
	[&quot;kig&quot;] = {&quot;Kimaama&quot;, &quot;Kimaghima&quot;},
	[&quot;kih&quot;] = {&quot;Kilmeri&quot;},
	[&quot;kii&quot;] = {&quot;Kitsai&quot;},
	[&quot;kij&quot;] = {&quot;Kilivila&quot;},
	[&quot;kik&quot;] = {&quot;Gikuyu&quot;, &quot;Kikuyu&quot;},
	[&quot;kil&quot;] = {&quot;Kariya&quot;},
	[&quot;kim&quot;] = {&quot;Karagas&quot;},
	[&quot;kin&quot;] = {&quot;Kinyarwanda&quot;},
	[&quot;kio&quot;] = {&quot;Kiowa&quot;},
	[&quot;kip&quot;] = {&quot;Sheshi Kham&quot;},
	[&quot;kiq&quot;] = {&quot;Kosadle&quot;, &quot;Kosare&quot;},
	[&quot;kir&quot;] = {&quot;Kirghiz&quot;, &quot;Kyrgyz&quot;},
	[&quot;kis&quot;] = {&quot;Kis&quot;},
	[&quot;kit&quot;] = {&quot;Agob&quot;},
	[&quot;kiu&quot;] = {&quot;Kirmanjki (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;kiv&quot;] = {&quot;Kimbu&quot;},
	[&quot;kiw&quot;] = {&quot;Northeast Kiwai&quot;},
	[&quot;kix&quot;] = {&quot;Khiamniungan Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;kiy&quot;] = {&quot;Kirikiri&quot;},
	[&quot;kiz&quot;] = {&quot;Kisi&quot;},
	[&quot;kja&quot;] = {&quot;Mlap&quot;},
	[&quot;kjb&quot;] = {&quot;Kanjobal&quot;, &quot;Q'anjob'al&quot;},
	[&quot;kjc&quot;] = {&quot;Coastal Konjo&quot;},
	[&quot;kjd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kiwai&quot;},
	[&quot;kje&quot;] = {&quot;Kisar&quot;},
	[&quot;kjf&quot;] = {&quot;Khalaj&quot;},
	[&quot;kjg&quot;] = {&quot;Khmu&quot;},
	[&quot;kjh&quot;] = {&quot;Khakas&quot;},
	[&quot;kji&quot;] = {&quot;Zabana&quot;},
	[&quot;kjj&quot;] = {&quot;Khinalugh&quot;},
	[&quot;kjk&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Konjo&quot;},
	[&quot;kjl&quot;] = {&quot;Western Parbate Kham&quot;},
	[&quot;kjm&quot;] = {&quot;Kháng&quot;},
	[&quot;kjn&quot;] = {&quot;Kunjen&quot;},
	[&quot;kjo&quot;] = {&quot;Harijan Kinnauri&quot;},
	[&quot;kjp&quot;] = {&quot;Pwo Eastern Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kjq&quot;] = {&quot;Western Keres&quot;},
	[&quot;kjr&quot;] = {&quot;Kurudu&quot;},
	[&quot;kjs&quot;] = {&quot;East Kewa&quot;},
	[&quot;kjt&quot;] = {&quot;Phrae Pwo Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kju&quot;] = {&quot;Kashaya&quot;},
	[&quot;kjv&quot;] = {&quot;Kaikavian Literary Language&quot;},
	[&quot;kjx&quot;] = {&quot;Ramopa&quot;},
	[&quot;kjy&quot;] = {&quot;Erave&quot;},
	[&quot;kjz&quot;] = {&quot;Bumthangkha&quot;},
	[&quot;kka&quot;] = {&quot;Kakanda&quot;},
	[&quot;kkb&quot;] = {&quot;Kwerisa&quot;},
	[&quot;kkc&quot;] = {&quot;Odoodee&quot;},
	[&quot;kkd&quot;] = {&quot;Kinuku&quot;},
	[&quot;kke&quot;] = {&quot;Kakabe&quot;},
	[&quot;kkf&quot;] = {&quot;Kalaktang Monpa&quot;},
	[&quot;kkg&quot;] = {&quot;Mabaka Valley Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kkh&quot;] = {&quot;Khün&quot;},
	[&quot;kki&quot;] = {&quot;Kagulu&quot;},
	[&quot;kkj&quot;] = {&quot;Kako&quot;},
	[&quot;kkk&quot;] = {&quot;Kokota&quot;},
	[&quot;kkl&quot;] = {&quot;Kosarek Yale&quot;},
	[&quot;kkm&quot;] = {&quot;Kiong&quot;},
	[&quot;kkn&quot;] = {&quot;Kon Keu&quot;},
	[&quot;kko&quot;] = {&quot;Karko&quot;},
	[&quot;kkp&quot;] = {&quot;Gugubera&quot;},
	[&quot;kkq&quot;] = {&quot;Kaiku&quot;},
	[&quot;kkr&quot;] = {&quot;Kir-Balar&quot;},
	[&quot;kks&quot;] = {&quot;Giiwo&quot;},
	[&quot;kkt&quot;] = {&quot;Koi&quot;},
	[&quot;kku&quot;] = {&quot;Tumi&quot;},
	[&quot;kkv&quot;] = {&quot;Kangean&quot;},
	[&quot;kkw&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Kukuya&quot;},
	[&quot;kkx&quot;] = {&quot;Kohin&quot;},
	[&quot;kky&quot;] = {&quot;Guguyimidjir&quot;},
	[&quot;kkz&quot;] = {&quot;Kaska&quot;},
	[&quot;kla&quot;] = {&quot;Klamath-Modoc&quot;},
	[&quot;klb&quot;] = {&quot;Kiliwa&quot;},
	[&quot;klc&quot;] = {&quot;Kolbila&quot;},
	[&quot;kld&quot;] = {&quot;Gamilaraay&quot;},
	[&quot;kle&quot;] = {&quot;Kulung (Nepal)&quot;},
	[&quot;klf&quot;] = {&quot;Kendeje&quot;},
	[&quot;klg&quot;] = {&quot;Tagakaulo&quot;},
	[&quot;klh&quot;] = {&quot;Weliki&quot;},
	[&quot;kli&quot;] = {&quot;Kalumpang&quot;},
	[&quot;klj&quot;] = {&quot;Turkic Khalaj&quot;},
	[&quot;klk&quot;] = {&quot;Kono (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;kll&quot;] = {&quot;Kagan Kalagan&quot;},
	[&quot;klm&quot;] = {&quot;Migum&quot;},
	[&quot;kln&quot;] = {&quot;Kalenjin&quot;},
	[&quot;klo&quot;] = {&quot;Kapya&quot;},
	[&quot;klp&quot;] = {&quot;Kamasa&quot;},
	[&quot;klq&quot;] = {&quot;Rumu&quot;},
	[&quot;klr&quot;] = {&quot;Khaling&quot;},
	[&quot;kls&quot;] = {&quot;Kalasha&quot;},
	[&quot;klt&quot;] = {&quot;Nukna&quot;},
	[&quot;klu&quot;] = {&quot;Klao&quot;},
	[&quot;klv&quot;] = {&quot;Maskelynes&quot;},
	[&quot;klw&quot;] = {&quot;Lindu&quot;, &quot;Tado&quot;},
	[&quot;klx&quot;] = {&quot;Koluwawa&quot;},
	[&quot;kly&quot;] = {&quot;Kalao&quot;},
	[&quot;klz&quot;] = {&quot;Kabola&quot;},
	[&quot;kma&quot;] = {&quot;Konni&quot;},
	[&quot;kmb&quot;] = {&quot;Kimbundu&quot;},
	[&quot;kmc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Dong&quot;},
	[&quot;kmd&quot;] = {&quot;Majukayang Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kme&quot;] = {&quot;Bakole&quot;},
	[&quot;kmf&quot;] = {&quot;Kare (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;kmg&quot;] = {&quot;Kâte&quot;},
	[&quot;kmh&quot;] = {&quot;Kalam&quot;},
	[&quot;kmi&quot;] = {&quot;Kami (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;kmj&quot;] = {&quot;Kumarbhag Paharia&quot;},
	[&quot;kmk&quot;] = {&quot;Limos Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kml&quot;] = {&quot;Tanudan Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kmm&quot;] = {&quot;Kom (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;kmn&quot;] = {&quot;Awtuw&quot;},
	[&quot;kmo&quot;] = {&quot;Kwoma&quot;},
	[&quot;kmp&quot;] = {&quot;Gimme&quot;},
	[&quot;kmq&quot;] = {&quot;Kwama&quot;},
	[&quot;kmr&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Kurdish&quot;},
	[&quot;kms&quot;] = {&quot;Kamasau&quot;},
	[&quot;kmt&quot;] = {&quot;Kemtuik&quot;},
	[&quot;kmu&quot;] = {&quot;Kanite&quot;},
	[&quot;kmv&quot;] = {&quot;Karipúna Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;kmw&quot;] = {&quot;Komo (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;kmx&quot;] = {&quot;Waboda&quot;},
	[&quot;kmy&quot;] = {&quot;Koma&quot;},
	[&quot;kmz&quot;] = {&quot;Khorasani Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;kna&quot;] = {&quot;Dera (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;knb&quot;] = {&quot;Lubuagan Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;knc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;knd&quot;] = {&quot;Konda&quot;},
	[&quot;kne&quot;] = {&quot;Kankanaey&quot;},
	[&quot;knf&quot;] = {&quot;Mankanya&quot;},
	[&quot;kng&quot;] = {&quot;Koongo&quot;},
	[&quot;kni&quot;] = {&quot;Kanufi&quot;},
	[&quot;knj&quot;] = {&quot;Western Kanjobal&quot;},
	[&quot;knk&quot;] = {&quot;Kuranko&quot;},
	[&quot;knl&quot;] = {&quot;Keninjal&quot;},
	[&quot;knm&quot;] = {&quot;Kanamarí&quot;},
	[&quot;knn&quot;] = {&quot;Konkani (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;kno&quot;] = {&quot;Kono (Sierra Leone)&quot;},
	[&quot;knp&quot;] = {&quot;Kwanja&quot;},
	[&quot;knq&quot;] = {&quot;Kintaq&quot;},
	[&quot;knr&quot;] = {&quot;Kaningra&quot;},
	[&quot;kns&quot;] = {&quot;Kensiu&quot;},
	[&quot;knt&quot;] = {&quot;Panoan Katukína&quot;},
	[&quot;knu&quot;] = {&quot;Kono (Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;knv&quot;] = {&quot;Tabo&quot;},
	[&quot;knw&quot;] = {&quot;Kung-Ekoka&quot;},
	[&quot;knx&quot;] = {&quot;Kendayan&quot;, &quot;Salako&quot;},
	[&quot;kny&quot;] = {&quot;Kanyok&quot;},
	[&quot;knz&quot;] = {&quot;Kalamsé&quot;},
	[&quot;koa&quot;] = {&quot;Konomala&quot;},
	[&quot;koc&quot;] = {&quot;Kpati&quot;},
	[&quot;kod&quot;] = {&quot;Kodi&quot;},
	[&quot;koe&quot;] = {&quot;Kacipo-Balesi&quot;},
	[&quot;kof&quot;] = {&quot;Kubi&quot;},
	[&quot;kog&quot;] = {&quot;Cogui&quot;, &quot;Kogi&quot;},
	[&quot;koh&quot;] = {&quot;Koyo&quot;},
	[&quot;koi&quot;] = {&quot;Komi-Permyak&quot;},
	[&quot;kok&quot;] = {&quot;Konkani (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;kol&quot;] = {&quot;Kol (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;kom&quot;] = {&quot;Komi&quot;},
	[&quot;kon&quot;] = {&quot;Kongo&quot;},
	[&quot;koo&quot;] = {&quot;Konzo&quot;},
	[&quot;kop&quot;] = {&quot;Waube&quot;},
	[&quot;koq&quot;] = {&quot;Kota (Gabon)&quot;},
	[&quot;kor&quot;] = {&quot;Korean&quot;},
	[&quot;kos&quot;] = {&quot;Kosraean&quot;},
	[&quot;kot&quot;] = {&quot;Lagwan&quot;},
	[&quot;kou&quot;] = {&quot;Koke&quot;},
	[&quot;kov&quot;] = {&quot;Kudu-Camo&quot;},
	[&quot;kow&quot;] = {&quot;Kugama&quot;},
	[&quot;koy&quot;] = {&quot;Koyukon&quot;},
	[&quot;koz&quot;] = {&quot;Korak&quot;},
	[&quot;kpa&quot;] = {&quot;Kutto&quot;},
	[&quot;kpb&quot;] = {&quot;Mullu Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;kpc&quot;] = {&quot;Curripaco&quot;},
	[&quot;kpd&quot;] = {&quot;Koba&quot;},
	[&quot;kpe&quot;] = {&quot;Kpelle&quot;},
	[&quot;kpf&quot;] = {&quot;Komba&quot;},
	[&quot;kpg&quot;] = {&quot;Kapingamarangi&quot;},
	[&quot;kph&quot;] = {&quot;Kplang&quot;},
	[&quot;kpi&quot;] = {&quot;Kofei&quot;},
	[&quot;kpj&quot;] = {&quot;Karajá&quot;},
	[&quot;kpk&quot;] = {&quot;Kpan&quot;},
	[&quot;kpl&quot;] = {&quot;Kpala&quot;},
	[&quot;kpm&quot;] = {&quot;Koho&quot;},
	[&quot;kpn&quot;] = {&quot;Kepkiriwát&quot;},
	[&quot;kpo&quot;] = {&quot;Ikposo&quot;},
	[&quot;kpq&quot;] = {&quot;Korupun-Sela&quot;},
	[&quot;kpr&quot;] = {&quot;Korafe-Yegha&quot;},
	[&quot;kps&quot;] = {&quot;Tehit&quot;},
	[&quot;kpt&quot;] = {&quot;Karata&quot;},
	[&quot;kpu&quot;] = {&quot;Kafoa&quot;},
	[&quot;kpv&quot;] = {&quot;Komi-Zyrian&quot;},
	[&quot;kpw&quot;] = {&quot;Kobon&quot;},
	[&quot;kpx&quot;] = {&quot;Mountain Koiali&quot;},
	[&quot;kpy&quot;] = {&quot;Koryak&quot;},
	[&quot;kpz&quot;] = {&quot;Kupsabiny&quot;},
	[&quot;kqa&quot;] = {&quot;Mum&quot;},
	[&quot;kqb&quot;] = {&quot;Kovai&quot;},
	[&quot;kqc&quot;] = {&quot;Doromu-Koki&quot;},
	[&quot;kqd&quot;] = {&quot;Koy Sanjaq Surat&quot;},
	[&quot;kqe&quot;] = {&quot;Kalagan&quot;},
	[&quot;kqf&quot;] = {&quot;Kakabai&quot;},
	[&quot;kqg&quot;] = {&quot;Khe&quot;},
	[&quot;kqh&quot;] = {&quot;Kisankasa&quot;},
	[&quot;kqi&quot;] = {&quot;Koitabu&quot;},
	[&quot;kqj&quot;] = {&quot;Koromira&quot;},
	[&quot;kqk&quot;] = {&quot;Kotafon Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;kql&quot;] = {&quot;Kyenele&quot;},
	[&quot;kqm&quot;] = {&quot;Khisa&quot;},
	[&quot;kqn&quot;] = {&quot;Kaonde&quot;},
	[&quot;kqo&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Krahn&quot;},
	[&quot;kqp&quot;] = {&quot;Kimré&quot;},
	[&quot;kqq&quot;] = {&quot;Krenak&quot;},
	[&quot;kqr&quot;] = {&quot;Kimaragang&quot;},
	[&quot;kqs&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Kissi&quot;},
	[&quot;kqt&quot;] = {&quot;Klias River Kadazan&quot;},
	[&quot;kqu&quot;] = {&quot;Seroa&quot;},
	[&quot;kqv&quot;] = {&quot;Okolod&quot;},
	[&quot;kqw&quot;] = {&quot;Kandas&quot;},
	[&quot;kqx&quot;] = {&quot;Mser&quot;},
	[&quot;kqy&quot;] = {&quot;Koorete&quot;},
	[&quot;kqz&quot;] = {&quot;Korana&quot;},
	[&quot;kra&quot;] = {&quot;Kumhali&quot;},
	[&quot;krb&quot;] = {&quot;Karkin&quot;},
	[&quot;krc&quot;] = {&quot;Karachay-Balkar&quot;},
	[&quot;krd&quot;] = {&quot;Kairui-Midiki&quot;},
	[&quot;kre&quot;] = {&quot;Panará&quot;},
	[&quot;krf&quot;] = {&quot;Koro (Vanuatu)&quot;},
	[&quot;krh&quot;] = {&quot;Kurama&quot;},
	[&quot;kri&quot;] = {&quot;Krio&quot;},
	[&quot;krj&quot;] = {&quot;Kinaray-A&quot;},
	[&quot;krk&quot;] = {&quot;Kerek&quot;},
	[&quot;krl&quot;] = {&quot;Karelian&quot;},
	[&quot;krn&quot;] = {&quot;Sapo&quot;},
	[&quot;krp&quot;] = {&quot;Korop&quot;},
	[&quot;krr&quot;] = {&quot;Krung&quot;},
	[&quot;krs&quot;] = {&quot;Gbaya (Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;krt&quot;] = {&quot;Tumari Kanuri&quot;},
	[&quot;kru&quot;] = {&quot;Kurukh&quot;},
	[&quot;krv&quot;] = {&quot;Kavet&quot;},
	[&quot;krw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Krahn&quot;},
	[&quot;krx&quot;] = {&quot;Karon&quot;},
	[&quot;kry&quot;] = {&quot;Kryts&quot;},
	[&quot;krz&quot;] = {&quot;Sota Kanum&quot;},
	[&quot;ksa&quot;] = {&quot;Shuwa-Zamani&quot;},
	[&quot;ksb&quot;] = {&quot;Shambala&quot;},
	[&quot;ksc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;ksd&quot;] = {&quot;Kuanua&quot;},
	[&quot;kse&quot;] = {&quot;Kuni&quot;},
	[&quot;ksf&quot;] = {&quot;Bafia&quot;},
	[&quot;ksg&quot;] = {&quot;Kusaghe&quot;},
	[&quot;ksh&quot;] = {&quot;Kölsch&quot;},
	[&quot;ksi&quot;] = {&quot;I'saka&quot;, &quot;Krisa&quot;},
	[&quot;ksj&quot;] = {&quot;Uare&quot;},
	[&quot;ksk&quot;] = {&quot;Kansa&quot;},
	[&quot;ksl&quot;] = {&quot;Kumalu&quot;},
	[&quot;ksm&quot;] = {&quot;Kumba&quot;},
	[&quot;ksn&quot;] = {&quot;Kasiguranin&quot;},
	[&quot;kso&quot;] = {&quot;Kofa&quot;},
	[&quot;ksp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaba&quot;},
	[&quot;ksq&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaami&quot;},
	[&quot;ksr&quot;] = {&quot;Borong&quot;},
	[&quot;kss&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kisi&quot;},
	[&quot;kst&quot;] = {&quot;Winyé&quot;},
	[&quot;ksu&quot;] = {&quot;Khamyang&quot;},
	[&quot;ksv&quot;] = {&quot;Kusu&quot;},
	[&quot;ksw&quot;] = {&quot;S'gaw Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;ksx&quot;] = {&quot;Kedang&quot;},
	[&quot;ksy&quot;] = {&quot;Kharia Thar&quot;},
	[&quot;ksz&quot;] = {&quot;Kodaku&quot;},
	[&quot;kta&quot;] = {&quot;Katua&quot;},
	[&quot;ktb&quot;] = {&quot;Kambaata&quot;},
	[&quot;ktc&quot;] = {&quot;Kholok&quot;},
	[&quot;ktd&quot;] = {&quot;Kokata&quot;},
	[&quot;kte&quot;] = {&quot;Nubri&quot;},
	[&quot;ktf&quot;] = {&quot;Kwami&quot;},
	[&quot;ktg&quot;] = {&quot;Kalkutung&quot;},
	[&quot;kth&quot;] = {&quot;Karanga&quot;},
	[&quot;kti&quot;] = {&quot;North Muyu&quot;},
	[&quot;ktj&quot;] = {&quot;Plapo Krumen&quot;},
	[&quot;ktk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaniet&quot;},
	[&quot;ktl&quot;] = {&quot;Koroshi&quot;},
	[&quot;ktm&quot;] = {&quot;Kurti&quot;},
	[&quot;ktn&quot;] = {&quot;Karitiâna&quot;},
	[&quot;kto&quot;] = {&quot;Kuot&quot;},
	[&quot;ktp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaduo&quot;},
	[&quot;ktq&quot;] = {&quot;Katabaga&quot;},
	[&quot;kts&quot;] = {&quot;South Muyu&quot;},
	[&quot;ktt&quot;] = {&quot;Ketum&quot;},
	[&quot;ktu&quot;] = {&quot;Kituba (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;ktv&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Katu&quot;},
	[&quot;ktw&quot;] = {&quot;Kato&quot;},
	[&quot;ktx&quot;] = {&quot;Kaxararí&quot;},
	[&quot;kty&quot;] = {&quot;Kango (Bas-Uélé District)&quot;},
	[&quot;ktz&quot;] = {&quot;Ju|’hoan&quot;, &quot;Ju|’hoansi&quot;},
	[&quot;kua&quot;] = {&quot;Kuanyama&quot;, &quot;Kwanyama&quot;},
	[&quot;kub&quot;] = {&quot;Kutep&quot;},
	[&quot;kuc&quot;] = {&quot;Kwinsu&quot;},
	[&quot;kud&quot;] = {&quot;'Auhelawa&quot;},
	[&quot;kue&quot;] = {&quot;Kuman (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;kuf&quot;] = {&quot;Western Katu&quot;},
	[&quot;kug&quot;] = {&quot;Kupa&quot;},
	[&quot;kuh&quot;] = {&quot;Kushi&quot;},
	[&quot;kui&quot;] = {&quot;Kuikúro-Kalapálo&quot;},
	[&quot;kuj&quot;] = {&quot;Kuria&quot;},
	[&quot;kuk&quot;] = {&quot;Kepo'&quot;},
	[&quot;kul&quot;] = {&quot;Kulere&quot;},
	[&quot;kum&quot;] = {&quot;Kumyk&quot;},
	[&quot;kun&quot;] = {&quot;Kunama&quot;},
	[&quot;kuo&quot;] = {&quot;Kumukio&quot;},
	[&quot;kup&quot;] = {&quot;Kunimaipa&quot;},
	[&quot;kuq&quot;] = {&quot;Karipuna&quot;},
	[&quot;kur&quot;] = {&quot;Kurdish&quot;},
	[&quot;kus&quot;] = {&quot;Kusaal&quot;},
	[&quot;kut&quot;] = {&quot;Kutenai&quot;},
	[&quot;kuu&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Kuskokwim&quot;},
	[&quot;kuv&quot;] = {&quot;Kur&quot;},
	[&quot;kuw&quot;] = {&quot;Kpagua&quot;},
	[&quot;kux&quot;] = {&quot;Kukatja&quot;},
	[&quot;kuy&quot;] = {&quot;Kuuku-Ya'u&quot;},
	[&quot;kuz&quot;] = {&quot;Kunza&quot;},
	[&quot;kva&quot;] = {&quot;Bagvalal&quot;},
	[&quot;kvb&quot;] = {&quot;Kubu&quot;},
	[&quot;kvc&quot;] = {&quot;Kove&quot;},
	[&quot;kvd&quot;] = {&quot;Kui (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;kve&quot;] = {&quot;Kalabakan&quot;},
	[&quot;kvf&quot;] = {&quot;Kabalai&quot;},
	[&quot;kvg&quot;] = {&quot;Kuni-Boazi&quot;},
	[&quot;kvh&quot;] = {&quot;Komodo&quot;},
	[&quot;kvi&quot;] = {&quot;Kwang&quot;},
	[&quot;kvj&quot;] = {&quot;Psikye&quot;},
	[&quot;kvk&quot;] = {&quot;Korean Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;kvl&quot;] = {&quot;Kayaw&quot;},
	[&quot;kvm&quot;] = {&quot;Kendem&quot;},
	[&quot;kvn&quot;] = {&quot;Border Kuna&quot;},
	[&quot;kvo&quot;] = {&quot;Dobel&quot;},
	[&quot;kvp&quot;] = {&quot;Kompane&quot;},
	[&quot;kvq&quot;] = {&quot;Geba Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kvr&quot;] = {&quot;Kerinci&quot;},
	[&quot;kvt&quot;] = {&quot;Lahta&quot;, &quot;Lahta Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kvu&quot;] = {&quot;Yinbaw Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kvv&quot;] = {&quot;Kola&quot;},
	[&quot;kvw&quot;] = {&quot;Wersing&quot;},
	[&quot;kvx&quot;] = {&quot;Parkari Koli&quot;},
	[&quot;kvy&quot;] = {&quot;Yintale&quot;, &quot;Yintale Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kvz&quot;] = {&quot;Tsakwambo&quot;, &quot;Tsaukambo&quot;},
	[&quot;kwa&quot;] = {&quot;Dâw&quot;},
	[&quot;kwb&quot;] = {&quot;Kwa&quot;},
	[&quot;kwc&quot;] = {&quot;Likwala&quot;},
	[&quot;kwd&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaio&quot;},
	[&quot;kwe&quot;] = {&quot;Kwerba&quot;},
	[&quot;kwf&quot;] = {&quot;Kwara'ae&quot;},
	[&quot;kwg&quot;] = {&quot;Sara Kaba Deme&quot;},
	[&quot;kwh&quot;] = {&quot;Kowiai&quot;},
	[&quot;kwi&quot;] = {&quot;Awa-Cuaiquer&quot;},
	[&quot;kwj&quot;] = {&quot;Kwanga&quot;},
	[&quot;kwk&quot;] = {&quot;Kwakiutl&quot;},
	[&quot;kwl&quot;] = {&quot;Kofyar&quot;},
	[&quot;kwm&quot;] = {&quot;Kwambi&quot;},
	[&quot;kwn&quot;] = {&quot;Kwangali&quot;},
	[&quot;kwo&quot;] = {&quot;Kwomtari&quot;},
	[&quot;kwp&quot;] = {&quot;Kodia&quot;},
	[&quot;kwr&quot;] = {&quot;Kwer&quot;},
	[&quot;kws&quot;] = {&quot;Kwese&quot;},
	[&quot;kwt&quot;] = {&quot;Kwesten&quot;},
	[&quot;kwu&quot;] = {&quot;Kwakum&quot;},
	[&quot;kwv&quot;] = {&quot;Sara Kaba Náà&quot;},
	[&quot;kww&quot;] = {&quot;Kwinti&quot;},
	[&quot;kwx&quot;] = {&quot;Khirwar&quot;},
	[&quot;kwy&quot;] = {&quot;San Salvador Kongo&quot;},
	[&quot;kwz&quot;] = {&quot;Kwadi&quot;},
	[&quot;kxa&quot;] = {&quot;Kairiru&quot;},
	[&quot;kxb&quot;] = {&quot;Krobu&quot;},
	[&quot;kxc&quot;] = {&quot;Khonso&quot;, &quot;Konso&quot;},
	[&quot;kxd&quot;] = {&quot;Brunei&quot;},
	[&quot;kxf&quot;] = {&quot;Manumanaw&quot;, &quot;Manumanaw Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kxh&quot;] = {&quot;Karo (Ethiopia)&quot;},
	[&quot;kxi&quot;] = {&quot;Keningau Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;kxj&quot;] = {&quot;Kulfa&quot;},
	[&quot;kxk&quot;] = {&quot;Zayein Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;kxl&quot;] = {&quot;Nepali Kurux&quot;},
	[&quot;kxm&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Khmer&quot;},
	[&quot;kxn&quot;] = {&quot;Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau&quot;},
	[&quot;kxo&quot;] = {&quot;Kanoé&quot;},
	[&quot;kxp&quot;] = {&quot;Wadiyara Koli&quot;},
	[&quot;kxq&quot;] = {&quot;Smärky Kanum&quot;},
	[&quot;kxr&quot;] = {&quot;Koro (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;kxs&quot;] = {&quot;Kangjia&quot;},
	[&quot;kxt&quot;] = {&quot;Koiwat&quot;},
	[&quot;kxu&quot;] = {&quot;Kui (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;kxv&quot;] = {&quot;Kuvi&quot;},
	[&quot;kxw&quot;] = {&quot;Konai&quot;},
	[&quot;kxx&quot;] = {&quot;Likuba&quot;},
	[&quot;kxy&quot;] = {&quot;Kayong&quot;},
	[&quot;kxz&quot;] = {&quot;Kerewo&quot;},
	[&quot;kya&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaya&quot;},
	[&quot;kyb&quot;] = {&quot;Butbut Kalinga&quot;},
	[&quot;kyc&quot;] = {&quot;Kyaka&quot;},
	[&quot;kyd&quot;] = {&quot;Karey&quot;},
	[&quot;kye&quot;] = {&quot;Krache&quot;},
	[&quot;kyf&quot;] = {&quot;Kouya&quot;},
	[&quot;kyg&quot;] = {&quot;Keyagana&quot;},
	[&quot;kyh&quot;] = {&quot;Karok&quot;},
	[&quot;kyi&quot;] = {&quot;Kiput&quot;},
	[&quot;kyj&quot;] = {&quot;Karao&quot;},
	[&quot;kyk&quot;] = {&quot;Kamayo&quot;},
	[&quot;kyl&quot;] = {&quot;Kalapuya&quot;},
	[&quot;kym&quot;] = {&quot;Kpatili&quot;},
	[&quot;kyn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Binukidnon&quot;},
	[&quot;kyo&quot;] = {&quot;Kelon&quot;},
	[&quot;kyp&quot;] = {&quot;Kang&quot;},
	[&quot;kyq&quot;] = {&quot;Kenga&quot;},
	[&quot;kyr&quot;] = {&quot;Kuruáya&quot;},
	[&quot;kys&quot;] = {&quot;Baram Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;kyt&quot;] = {&quot;Kayagar&quot;},
	[&quot;kyu&quot;] = {&quot;Western Kayah&quot;},
	[&quot;kyv&quot;] = {&quot;Kayort&quot;},
	[&quot;kyw&quot;] = {&quot;Kudmali&quot;},
	[&quot;kyx&quot;] = {&quot;Rapoisi&quot;},
	[&quot;kyy&quot;] = {&quot;Kambaira&quot;},
	[&quot;kyz&quot;] = {&quot;Kayabí&quot;},
	[&quot;kza&quot;] = {&quot;Western Karaboro&quot;},
	[&quot;kzb&quot;] = {&quot;Kaibobo&quot;},
	[&quot;kzc&quot;] = {&quot;Bondoukou Kulango&quot;},
	[&quot;kzd&quot;] = {&quot;Kadai&quot;},
	[&quot;kze&quot;] = {&quot;Kosena&quot;},
	[&quot;kzf&quot;] = {&quot;Da'a Kaili&quot;},
	[&quot;kzg&quot;] = {&quot;Kikai&quot;},
	[&quot;kzi&quot;] = {&quot;Kelabit&quot;},
	[&quot;kzk&quot;] = {&quot;Kazukuru&quot;},
	[&quot;kzl&quot;] = {&quot;Kayeli&quot;},
	[&quot;kzm&quot;] = {&quot;Kais&quot;},
	[&quot;kzn&quot;] = {&quot;Kokola&quot;},
	[&quot;kzo&quot;] = {&quot;Kaningi&quot;},
	[&quot;kzp&quot;] = {&quot;Kaidipang&quot;},
	[&quot;kzq&quot;] = {&quot;Kaike&quot;},
	[&quot;kzr&quot;] = {&quot;Karang&quot;},
	[&quot;kzs&quot;] = {&quot;Sugut Dusun&quot;},
	[&quot;kzu&quot;] = {&quot;Kayupulau&quot;},
	[&quot;kzv&quot;] = {&quot;Komyandaret&quot;},
	[&quot;kzw&quot;] = {&quot;Karirí-Xocó&quot;},
	[&quot;kzx&quot;] = {&quot;Kamarian&quot;},
	[&quot;kzy&quot;] = {&quot;Kango (Tshopo District)&quot;},
	[&quot;kzz&quot;] = {&quot;Kalabra&quot;},
	[&quot;laa&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Subanen&quot;},
	[&quot;lab&quot;] = {&quot;Linear A&quot;},
	[&quot;lac&quot;] = {&quot;Lacandon&quot;},
	[&quot;lad&quot;] = {&quot;Ladino&quot;},
	[&quot;lae&quot;] = {&quot;Pattani&quot;},
	[&quot;laf&quot;] = {&quot;Lafofa&quot;},
	[&quot;lag&quot;] = {&quot;Langi&quot;},
	[&quot;lah&quot;] = {&quot;Lahnda&quot;},
	[&quot;lai&quot;] = {&quot;Lambya&quot;},
	[&quot;laj&quot;] = {&quot;Lango (Uganda)&quot;},
	[&quot;lak&quot;] = {&quot;Laka (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;lal&quot;] = {&quot;Lalia&quot;},
	[&quot;lam&quot;] = {&quot;Lamba&quot;},
	[&quot;lan&quot;] = {&quot;Laru&quot;},
	[&quot;lao&quot;] = {&quot;Lao&quot;},
	[&quot;lap&quot;] = {&quot;Laka (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;laq&quot;] = {&quot;Qabiao&quot;},
	[&quot;lar&quot;] = {&quot;Larteh&quot;},
	[&quot;las&quot;] = {&quot;Lama (Togo)&quot;},
	[&quot;lat&quot;] = {&quot;Latin&quot;},
	[&quot;lau&quot;] = {&quot;Laba&quot;},
	[&quot;lav&quot;] = {&quot;Latvian&quot;},
	[&quot;law&quot;] = {&quot;Lauje&quot;},
	[&quot;lax&quot;] = {&quot;Tiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;lay&quot;] = {&quot;Lama Bai&quot;},
	[&quot;laz&quot;] = {&quot;Aribwatsa&quot;},
	[&quot;lba&quot;] = {&quot;Lui&quot;},
	[&quot;lbb&quot;] = {&quot;Label&quot;},
	[&quot;lbc&quot;] = {&quot;Lakkia&quot;},
	[&quot;lbe&quot;] = {&quot;Lak&quot;},
	[&quot;lbf&quot;] = {&quot;Tinani&quot;},
	[&quot;lbg&quot;] = {&quot;Laopang&quot;},
	[&quot;lbi&quot;] = {&quot;La'bi&quot;},
	[&quot;lbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ladakhi&quot;},
	[&quot;lbk&quot;] = {&quot;Central Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;lbl&quot;] = {&quot;Libon Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;lbm&quot;] = {&quot;Lodhi&quot;},
	[&quot;lbn&quot;] = {&quot;Lamet&quot;},
	[&quot;lbo&quot;] = {&quot;Laven&quot;},
	[&quot;lbq&quot;] = {&quot;Wampar&quot;},
	[&quot;lbr&quot;] = {&quot;Lohorung&quot;},
	[&quot;lbs&quot;] = {&quot;Libyan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lbt&quot;] = {&quot;Lachi&quot;},
	[&quot;lbu&quot;] = {&quot;Labu&quot;},
	[&quot;lbv&quot;] = {&quot;Lavatbura-Lamusong&quot;},
	[&quot;lbw&quot;] = {&quot;Tolaki&quot;},
	[&quot;lbx&quot;] = {&quot;Lawangan&quot;},
	[&quot;lby&quot;] = {&quot;Lamu-Lamu&quot;},
	[&quot;lbz&quot;] = {&quot;Lardil&quot;},
	[&quot;lcc&quot;] = {&quot;Legenyem&quot;},
	[&quot;lcd&quot;] = {&quot;Lola&quot;},
	[&quot;lce&quot;] = {&quot;Loncong&quot;, &quot;Sekak&quot;},
	[&quot;lcf&quot;] = {&quot;Lubu&quot;},
	[&quot;lch&quot;] = {&quot;Luchazi&quot;},
	[&quot;lcl&quot;] = {&quot;Lisela&quot;},
	[&quot;lcm&quot;] = {&quot;Tungag&quot;},
	[&quot;lcp&quot;] = {&quot;Western Lawa&quot;},
	[&quot;lcq&quot;] = {&quot;Luhu&quot;},
	[&quot;lcs&quot;] = {&quot;Lisabata-Nuniali&quot;},
	[&quot;lda&quot;] = {&quot;Kla-Dan&quot;},
	[&quot;ldb&quot;] = {&quot;Dũya&quot;},
	[&quot;ldd&quot;] = {&quot;Luri&quot;},
	[&quot;ldg&quot;] = {&quot;Lenyima&quot;},
	[&quot;ldh&quot;] = {&quot;Lamja-Dengsa-Tola&quot;},
	[&quot;ldi&quot;] = {&quot;Laari&quot;},
	[&quot;ldj&quot;] = {&quot;Lemoro&quot;},
	[&quot;ldk&quot;] = {&quot;Leelau&quot;},
	[&quot;ldl&quot;] = {&quot;Kaan&quot;},
	[&quot;ldm&quot;] = {&quot;Landoma&quot;},
	[&quot;ldn&quot;] = {&quot;Láadan&quot;},
	[&quot;ldo&quot;] = {&quot;Loo&quot;},
	[&quot;ldp&quot;] = {&quot;Tso&quot;},
	[&quot;ldq&quot;] = {&quot;Lufu&quot;},
	[&quot;lea&quot;] = {&quot;Lega-Shabunda&quot;},
	[&quot;leb&quot;] = {&quot;Lala-Bisa&quot;},
	[&quot;lec&quot;] = {&quot;Leco&quot;},
	[&quot;led&quot;] = {&quot;Lendu&quot;},
	[&quot;lee&quot;] = {&quot;Lyélé&quot;},
	[&quot;lef&quot;] = {&quot;Lelemi&quot;},
	[&quot;leh&quot;] = {&quot;Lenje&quot;},
	[&quot;lei&quot;] = {&quot;Lemio&quot;},
	[&quot;lej&quot;] = {&quot;Lengola&quot;},
	[&quot;lek&quot;] = {&quot;Leipon&quot;},
	[&quot;lel&quot;] = {&quot;Lele (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;lem&quot;] = {&quot;Nomaande&quot;},
	[&quot;len&quot;] = {&quot;Lenca&quot;},
	[&quot;leo&quot;] = {&quot;Leti (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;lep&quot;] = {&quot;Lepcha&quot;},
	[&quot;leq&quot;] = {&quot;Lembena&quot;},
	[&quot;ler&quot;] = {&quot;Lenkau&quot;},
	[&quot;les&quot;] = {&quot;Lese&quot;},
	[&quot;let&quot;] = {&quot;Amio-Gelimi&quot;, &quot;Lesing-Gelimi&quot;},
	[&quot;leu&quot;] = {&quot;Kara (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;lev&quot;] = {&quot;Lamma&quot;},
	[&quot;lew&quot;] = {&quot;Ledo Kaili&quot;},
	[&quot;lex&quot;] = {&quot;Luang&quot;},
	[&quot;ley&quot;] = {&quot;Lemolang&quot;},
	[&quot;lez&quot;] = {&quot;Lezghian&quot;},
	[&quot;lfa&quot;] = {&quot;Lefa&quot;},
	[&quot;lfn&quot;] = {&quot;Lingua Franca Nova&quot;},
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = {&quot;Lungga&quot;},
	[&quot;lgb&quot;] = {&quot;Laghu&quot;},
	[&quot;lgg&quot;] = {&quot;Lugbara&quot;},
	[&quot;lgh&quot;] = {&quot;Laghuu&quot;},
	[&quot;lgi&quot;] = {&quot;Lengilu&quot;},
	[&quot;lgk&quot;] = {&quot;Lingarak&quot;, &quot;Neverver&quot;},
	[&quot;lgl&quot;] = {&quot;Wala&quot;},
	[&quot;lgm&quot;] = {&quot;Lega-Mwenga&quot;},
	[&quot;lgn&quot;] = {&quot;Opuuo&quot;, &quot;T'apo&quot;},
	[&quot;lgq&quot;] = {&quot;Logba&quot;},
	[&quot;lgr&quot;] = {&quot;Lengo&quot;},
	[&quot;lgt&quot;] = {&quot;Pahi&quot;},
	[&quot;lgu&quot;] = {&quot;Longgu&quot;},
	[&quot;lgz&quot;] = {&quot;Ligenza&quot;},
	[&quot;lha&quot;] = {&quot;Laha (Viet Nam)&quot;},
	[&quot;lhh&quot;] = {&quot;Laha (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;lhi&quot;] = {&quot;Lahu Shi&quot;},
	[&quot;lhl&quot;] = {&quot;Lahul Lohar&quot;},
	[&quot;lhm&quot;] = {&quot;Lhomi&quot;},
	[&quot;lhn&quot;] = {&quot;Lahanan&quot;},
	[&quot;lhp&quot;] = {&quot;Lhokpu&quot;},
	[&quot;lhs&quot;] = {&quot;Mlahsö&quot;},
	[&quot;lht&quot;] = {&quot;Lo-Toga&quot;},
	[&quot;lhu&quot;] = {&quot;Lahu&quot;},
	[&quot;lia&quot;] = {&quot;West-Central Limba&quot;},
	[&quot;lib&quot;] = {&quot;Likum&quot;},
	[&quot;lic&quot;] = {&quot;Hlai&quot;},
	[&quot;lid&quot;] = {&quot;Nyindrou&quot;},
	[&quot;lie&quot;] = {&quot;Likila&quot;},
	[&quot;lif&quot;] = {&quot;Limbu&quot;},
	[&quot;lig&quot;] = {&quot;Ligbi&quot;},
	[&quot;lih&quot;] = {&quot;Lihir&quot;},
	[&quot;lij&quot;] = {&quot;Ligurian&quot;},
	[&quot;lik&quot;] = {&quot;Lika&quot;},
	[&quot;lil&quot;] = {&quot;Lillooet&quot;},
	[&quot;lim&quot;] = {&quot;Limburgan&quot;, &quot;Limburger&quot;, &quot;Limburgish&quot;},
	[&quot;lin&quot;] = {&quot;Lingala&quot;},
	[&quot;lio&quot;] = {&quot;Liki&quot;},
	[&quot;lip&quot;] = {&quot;Sekpele&quot;},
	[&quot;liq&quot;] = {&quot;Libido&quot;},
	[&quot;lir&quot;] = {&quot;Liberian English&quot;},
	[&quot;lis&quot;] = {&quot;Lisu&quot;},
	[&quot;lit&quot;] = {&quot;Lithuanian&quot;},
	[&quot;liu&quot;] = {&quot;Logorik&quot;},
	[&quot;liv&quot;] = {&quot;Liv&quot;},
	[&quot;liw&quot;] = {&quot;Col&quot;},
	[&quot;lix&quot;] = {&quot;Liabuku&quot;},
	[&quot;liy&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Bambari&quot;},
	[&quot;liz&quot;] = {&quot;Libinza&quot;},
	[&quot;lja&quot;] = {&quot;Golpa&quot;},
	[&quot;lje&quot;] = {&quot;Rampi&quot;},
	[&quot;lji&quot;] = {&quot;Laiyolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ljl&quot;] = {&quot;Li'o&quot;},
	[&quot;ljp&quot;] = {&quot;Lampung Api&quot;},
	[&quot;ljw&quot;] = {&quot;Yirandali&quot;},
	[&quot;ljx&quot;] = {&quot;Yuru&quot;},
	[&quot;lka&quot;] = {&quot;Lakalei&quot;},
	[&quot;lkb&quot;] = {&quot;Kabras&quot;, &quot;Lukabaras&quot;},
	[&quot;lkc&quot;] = {&quot;Kucong&quot;},
	[&quot;lkd&quot;] = {&quot;Lakondê&quot;},
	[&quot;lke&quot;] = {&quot;Kenyi&quot;},
	[&quot;lkh&quot;] = {&quot;Lakha&quot;},
	[&quot;lki&quot;] = {&quot;Laki&quot;},
	[&quot;lkj&quot;] = {&quot;Remun&quot;},
	[&quot;lkl&quot;] = {&quot;Laeko-Libuat&quot;},
	[&quot;lkm&quot;] = {&quot;Kalaamaya&quot;},
	[&quot;lkn&quot;] = {&quot;Lakon&quot;, &quot;Vure&quot;},
	[&quot;lko&quot;] = {&quot;Khayo&quot;, &quot;Olukhayo&quot;},
	[&quot;lkr&quot;] = {&quot;Päri&quot;},
	[&quot;lks&quot;] = {&quot;Kisa&quot;, &quot;Olushisa&quot;},
	[&quot;lkt&quot;] = {&quot;Lakota&quot;},
	[&quot;lku&quot;] = {&quot;Kungkari&quot;},
	[&quot;lky&quot;] = {&quot;Lokoya&quot;},
	[&quot;lla&quot;] = {&quot;Lala-Roba&quot;},
	[&quot;llb&quot;] = {&quot;Lolo&quot;},
	[&quot;llc&quot;] = {&quot;Lele (Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;lld&quot;] = {&quot;Ladin&quot;},
	[&quot;lle&quot;] = {&quot;Lele (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;llf&quot;] = {&quot;Hermit&quot;},
	[&quot;llg&quot;] = {&quot;Lole&quot;},
	[&quot;llh&quot;] = {&quot;Lamu&quot;},
	[&quot;lli&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Laali&quot;},
	[&quot;llj&quot;] = {&quot;Ladji Ladji&quot;},
	[&quot;llk&quot;] = {&quot;Lelak&quot;},
	[&quot;lll&quot;] = {&quot;Lilau&quot;},
	[&quot;llm&quot;] = {&quot;Lasalimu&quot;},
	[&quot;lln&quot;] = {&quot;Lele (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;llo&quot;] = {&quot;Khlor&quot;},
	[&quot;llp&quot;] = {&quot;North Efate&quot;},
	[&quot;llq&quot;] = {&quot;Lolak&quot;},
	[&quot;lls&quot;] = {&quot;Lithuanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;llu&quot;] = {&quot;Lau&quot;},
	[&quot;llx&quot;] = {&quot;Lauan&quot;},
	[&quot;lma&quot;] = {&quot;East Limba&quot;},
	[&quot;lmb&quot;] = {&quot;Merei&quot;},
	[&quot;lmc&quot;] = {&quot;Limilngan&quot;},
	[&quot;lmd&quot;] = {&quot;Lumun&quot;},
	[&quot;lme&quot;] = {&quot;Pévé&quot;},
	[&quot;lmf&quot;] = {&quot;South Lembata&quot;},
	[&quot;lmg&quot;] = {&quot;Lamogai&quot;},
	[&quot;lmh&quot;] = {&quot;Lambichhong&quot;},
	[&quot;lmi&quot;] = {&quot;Lombi&quot;},
	[&quot;lmj&quot;] = {&quot;West Lembata&quot;},
	[&quot;lmk&quot;] = {&quot;Lamkang&quot;},
	[&quot;lml&quot;] = {&quot;Hano&quot;},
	[&quot;lmn&quot;] = {&quot;Lambadi&quot;},
	[&quot;lmo&quot;] = {&quot;Lombard&quot;},
	[&quot;lmp&quot;] = {&quot;Limbum&quot;},
	[&quot;lmq&quot;] = {&quot;Lamatuka&quot;},
	[&quot;lmr&quot;] = {&quot;Lamalera&quot;},
	[&quot;lmu&quot;] = {&quot;Lamenu&quot;},
	[&quot;lmv&quot;] = {&quot;Lomaiviti&quot;},
	[&quot;lmw&quot;] = {&quot;Lake Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;lmx&quot;] = {&quot;Laimbue&quot;},
	[&quot;lmy&quot;] = {&quot;Lamboya&quot;},
	[&quot;lmz&quot;] = {&quot;Lumbee&quot;},
	[&quot;lna&quot;] = {&quot;Langbashe&quot;},
	[&quot;lnb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbalanhu&quot;},
	[&quot;lnd&quot;] = {&quot;Lun Bawang&quot;, &quot;Lundayeh&quot;},
	[&quot;lng&quot;] = {&quot;Langobardic&quot;},
	[&quot;lnh&quot;] = {&quot;Lanoh&quot;},
	[&quot;lni&quot;] = {&quot;Daantanai'&quot;},
	[&quot;lnj&quot;] = {&quot;Leningitij&quot;},
	[&quot;lnl&quot;] = {&quot;South Central Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;lnm&quot;] = {&quot;Langam&quot;},
	[&quot;lnn&quot;] = {&quot;Lorediakarkar&quot;},
	[&quot;lno&quot;] = {&quot;Lango (South Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;lns&quot;] = {&quot;Lamnso'&quot;},
	[&quot;lnu&quot;] = {&quot;Longuda&quot;},
	[&quot;lnw&quot;] = {&quot;Lanima&quot;},
	[&quot;lnz&quot;] = {&quot;Lonzo&quot;},
	[&quot;loa&quot;] = {&quot;Loloda&quot;},
	[&quot;lob&quot;] = {&quot;Lobi&quot;},
	[&quot;loc&quot;] = {&quot;Inonhan&quot;},
	[&quot;loe&quot;] = {&quot;Saluan&quot;},
	[&quot;lof&quot;] = {&quot;Logol&quot;},
	[&quot;log&quot;] = {&quot;Logo&quot;},
	[&quot;loh&quot;] = {&quot;Narim&quot;},
	[&quot;loi&quot;] = {&quot;Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)&quot;},
	[&quot;loj&quot;] = {&quot;Lou&quot;},
	[&quot;lok&quot;] = {&quot;Loko&quot;},
	[&quot;lol&quot;] = {&quot;Mongo&quot;},
	[&quot;lom&quot;] = {&quot;Loma (Liberia)&quot;},
	[&quot;lon&quot;] = {&quot;Malawi Lomwe&quot;},
	[&quot;loo&quot;] = {&quot;Lombo&quot;},
	[&quot;lop&quot;] = {&quot;Lopa&quot;},
	[&quot;loq&quot;] = {&quot;Lobala&quot;},
	[&quot;lor&quot;] = {&quot;Téén&quot;},
	[&quot;los&quot;] = {&quot;Loniu&quot;},
	[&quot;lot&quot;] = {&quot;Otuho&quot;},
	[&quot;lou&quot;] = {&quot;Louisiana Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;lov&quot;] = {&quot;Lopi&quot;},
	[&quot;low&quot;] = {&quot;Tampias Lobu&quot;},
	[&quot;lox&quot;] = {&quot;Loun&quot;},
	[&quot;loy&quot;] = {&quot;Loke&quot;},
	[&quot;loz&quot;] = {&quot;Lozi&quot;},
	[&quot;lpa&quot;] = {&quot;Lelepa&quot;},
	[&quot;lpe&quot;] = {&quot;Lepki&quot;},
	[&quot;lpn&quot;] = {&quot;Long Phuri Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;lpo&quot;] = {&quot;Lipo&quot;},
	[&quot;lpx&quot;] = {&quot;Lopit&quot;},
	[&quot;lra&quot;] = {&quot;Rara Bakati'&quot;},
	[&quot;lrc&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Luri&quot;},
	[&quot;lre&quot;] = {&quot;Laurentian&quot;},
	[&quot;lrg&quot;] = {&quot;Laragia&quot;},
	[&quot;lri&quot;] = {&quot;Marachi&quot;, &quot;Olumarachi&quot;},
	[&quot;lrk&quot;] = {&quot;Loarki&quot;},
	[&quot;lrl&quot;] = {&quot;Lari&quot;},
	[&quot;lrm&quot;] = {&quot;Marama&quot;, &quot;Olumarama&quot;},
	[&quot;lrn&quot;] = {&quot;Lorang&quot;},
	[&quot;lro&quot;] = {&quot;Laro&quot;},
	[&quot;lrr&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Yamphu&quot;},
	[&quot;lrt&quot;] = {&quot;Larantuka Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;lrv&quot;] = {&quot;Larevat&quot;},
	[&quot;lrz&quot;] = {&quot;Lemerig&quot;},
	[&quot;lsa&quot;] = {&quot;Lasgerdi&quot;},
	[&quot;lsd&quot;] = {&quot;Lishana Deni&quot;},
	[&quot;lse&quot;] = {&quot;Lusengo&quot;},
	[&quot;lsh&quot;] = {&quot;Lish&quot;},
	[&quot;lsi&quot;] = {&quot;Lashi&quot;},
	[&quot;lsl&quot;] = {&quot;Latvian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lsm&quot;] = {&quot;Olusamia&quot;, &quot;Saamia&quot;},
	[&quot;lso&quot;] = {&quot;Laos Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lsp&quot;] = {&quot;Lengua de Señas Panameñas&quot;, &quot;Panamanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lsr&quot;] = {&quot;Aruop&quot;},
	[&quot;lss&quot;] = {&quot;Lasi&quot;},
	[&quot;lst&quot;] = {&quot;Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lsy&quot;] = {&quot;Mauritian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ltc&quot;] = {&quot;Late Middle Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;ltg&quot;] = {&quot;Latgalian&quot;},
	[&quot;lth&quot;] = {&quot;Thur&quot;},
	[&quot;lti&quot;] = {&quot;Leti (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;ltn&quot;] = {&quot;Latundê&quot;},
	[&quot;lto&quot;] = {&quot;Olutsotso&quot;, &quot;Tsotso&quot;},
	[&quot;lts&quot;] = {&quot;Lutachoni&quot;, &quot;Tachoni&quot;},
	[&quot;ltu&quot;] = {&quot;Latu&quot;},
	[&quot;ltz&quot;] = {&quot;Letzeburgesch&quot;, &quot;Luxembourgish&quot;},
	[&quot;lua&quot;] = {&quot;Luba-Lulua&quot;},
	[&quot;lub&quot;] = {&quot;Luba-Katanga&quot;},
	[&quot;luc&quot;] = {&quot;Aringa&quot;},
	[&quot;lud&quot;] = {&quot;Ludian&quot;},
	[&quot;lue&quot;] = {&quot;Luvale&quot;},
	[&quot;luf&quot;] = {&quot;Laua&quot;},
	[&quot;lug&quot;] = {&quot;Ganda&quot;},
	[&quot;lui&quot;] = {&quot;Luiseno&quot;},
	[&quot;luj&quot;] = {&quot;Luna&quot;},
	[&quot;luk&quot;] = {&quot;Lunanakha&quot;},
	[&quot;lul&quot;] = {&quot;Olu'bo&quot;},
	[&quot;lum&quot;] = {&quot;Luimbi&quot;},
	[&quot;lun&quot;] = {&quot;Lunda&quot;},
	[&quot;luo&quot;] = {&quot;Dholuo&quot;, &quot;Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;lup&quot;] = {&quot;Lumbu&quot;},
	[&quot;luq&quot;] = {&quot;Lucumi&quot;},
	[&quot;lur&quot;] = {&quot;Laura&quot;},
	[&quot;lus&quot;] = {&quot;Lushai&quot;},
	[&quot;lut&quot;] = {&quot;Lushootseed&quot;},
	[&quot;luu&quot;] = {&quot;Lumba-Yakkha&quot;},
	[&quot;luv&quot;] = {&quot;Luwati&quot;},
	[&quot;luw&quot;] = {&quot;Luo (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;luy&quot;] = {&quot;Luyia&quot;, &quot;Oluluyia&quot;},
	[&quot;luz&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Luri&quot;},
	[&quot;lva&quot;] = {&quot;Maku'a&quot;},
	[&quot;lvk&quot;] = {&quot;Lavukaleve&quot;},
	[&quot;lvs&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Latvian&quot;},
	[&quot;lvu&quot;] = {&quot;Levuka&quot;},
	[&quot;lwa&quot;] = {&quot;Lwalu&quot;},
	[&quot;lwe&quot;] = {&quot;Lewo Eleng&quot;},
	[&quot;lwg&quot;] = {&quot;Oluwanga&quot;, &quot;Wanga&quot;},
	[&quot;lwh&quot;] = {&quot;White Lachi&quot;},
	[&quot;lwl&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Lawa&quot;},
	[&quot;lwm&quot;] = {&quot;Laomian&quot;},
	[&quot;lwo&quot;] = {&quot;Luwo&quot;},
	[&quot;lws&quot;] = {&quot;Malawian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;lwt&quot;] = {&quot;Lewotobi&quot;},
	[&quot;lwu&quot;] = {&quot;Lawu&quot;},
	[&quot;lww&quot;] = {&quot;Lewo&quot;},
	[&quot;lya&quot;] = {&quot;Layakha&quot;},
	[&quot;lyg&quot;] = {&quot;Lyngngam&quot;},
	[&quot;lyn&quot;] = {&quot;Luyana&quot;},
	[&quot;lzh&quot;] = {&quot;Literary Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;lzl&quot;] = {&quot;Litzlitz&quot;},
	[&quot;lzn&quot;] = {&quot;Leinong Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;lzz&quot;] = {&quot;Laz&quot;},
	[&quot;maa&quot;] = {&quot;San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mab&quot;] = {&quot;Yutanduchi Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mad&quot;] = {&quot;Madurese&quot;},
	[&quot;mae&quot;] = {&quot;Bo-Rukul&quot;},
	[&quot;maf&quot;] = {&quot;Mafa&quot;},
	[&quot;mag&quot;] = {&quot;Magahi&quot;},
	[&quot;mah&quot;] = {&quot;Marshallese&quot;},
	[&quot;mai&quot;] = {&quot;Maithili&quot;},
	[&quot;maj&quot;] = {&quot;Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mak&quot;] = {&quot;Makasar&quot;},
	[&quot;mal&quot;] = {&quot;Malayalam&quot;},
	[&quot;mam&quot;] = {&quot;Mam&quot;},
	[&quot;man&quot;] = {&quot;Manding&quot;, &quot;Mandingo&quot;},
	[&quot;maq&quot;] = {&quot;Chiquihuitlán Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mar&quot;] = {&quot;Marathi&quot;},
	[&quot;mas&quot;] = {&quot;Masai&quot;},
	[&quot;mat&quot;] = {&quot;San Francisco Matlatzinca&quot;},
	[&quot;mau&quot;] = {&quot;Huautla Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mav&quot;] = {&quot;Sateré-Mawé&quot;},
	[&quot;maw&quot;] = {&quot;Mampruli&quot;},
	[&quot;max&quot;] = {&quot;North Moluccan Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;maz&quot;] = {&quot;Central Mazahua&quot;},
	[&quot;mba&quot;] = {&quot;Higaonon&quot;},
	[&quot;mbb&quot;] = {&quot;Western Bukidnon Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbc&quot;] = {&quot;Macushi&quot;},
	[&quot;mbd&quot;] = {&quot;Dibabawon Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbe&quot;] = {&quot;Molale&quot;},
	[&quot;mbf&quot;] = {&quot;Baba Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mbh&quot;] = {&quot;Mangseng&quot;},
	[&quot;mbi&quot;] = {&quot;Ilianen Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbj&quot;] = {&quot;Nadëb&quot;},
	[&quot;mbk&quot;] = {&quot;Malol&quot;},
	[&quot;mbl&quot;] = {&quot;Maxakalí&quot;},
	[&quot;mbm&quot;] = {&quot;Ombamba&quot;},
	[&quot;mbn&quot;] = {&quot;Macaguán&quot;},
	[&quot;mbo&quot;] = {&quot;Mbo (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;mbp&quot;] = {&quot;Malayo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbq&quot;] = {&quot;Maisin&quot;},
	[&quot;mbr&quot;] = {&quot;Nukak Makú&quot;},
	[&quot;mbs&quot;] = {&quot;Sarangani Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbt&quot;] = {&quot;Matigsalug Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mbu&quot;] = {&quot;Mbula-Bwazza&quot;},
	[&quot;mbv&quot;] = {&quot;Mbulungish&quot;},
	[&quot;mbw&quot;] = {&quot;Maring&quot;},
	[&quot;mbx&quot;] = {&quot;Mari (East Sepik Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;mby&quot;] = {&quot;Memoni&quot;},
	[&quot;mbz&quot;] = {&quot;Amoltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mca&quot;] = {&quot;Maca&quot;},
	[&quot;mcb&quot;] = {&quot;Machiguenga&quot;},
	[&quot;mcc&quot;] = {&quot;Bitur&quot;},
	[&quot;mcd&quot;] = {&quot;Sharanahua&quot;},
	[&quot;mce&quot;] = {&quot;Itundujia Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mcf&quot;] = {&quot;Matsés&quot;},
	[&quot;mcg&quot;] = {&quot;Mapoyo&quot;},
	[&quot;mch&quot;] = {&quot;Maquiritari&quot;},
	[&quot;mci&quot;] = {&quot;Mese&quot;},
	[&quot;mcj&quot;] = {&quot;Mvanip&quot;},
	[&quot;mck&quot;] = {&quot;Mbunda&quot;},
	[&quot;mcl&quot;] = {&quot;Macaguaje&quot;},
	[&quot;mcm&quot;] = {&quot;Malaccan Creole Portuguese&quot;},
	[&quot;mcn&quot;] = {&quot;Masana&quot;},
	[&quot;mco&quot;] = {&quot;Coatlán Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mcp&quot;] = {&quot;Makaa&quot;},
	[&quot;mcq&quot;] = {&quot;Ese&quot;},
	[&quot;mcr&quot;] = {&quot;Menya&quot;},
	[&quot;mcs&quot;] = {&quot;Mambai&quot;},
	[&quot;mct&quot;] = {&quot;Mengisa&quot;},
	[&quot;mcu&quot;] = {&quot;Cameroon Mambila&quot;},
	[&quot;mcv&quot;] = {&quot;Minanibai&quot;},
	[&quot;mcw&quot;] = {&quot;Mawa (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;mcx&quot;] = {&quot;Mpiemo&quot;},
	[&quot;mcy&quot;] = {&quot;South Watut&quot;},
	[&quot;mcz&quot;] = {&quot;Mawan&quot;},
	[&quot;mda&quot;] = {&quot;Mada (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdb&quot;] = {&quot;Morigi&quot;},
	[&quot;mdc&quot;] = {&quot;Male (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdd&quot;] = {&quot;Mbum&quot;},
	[&quot;mde&quot;] = {&quot;Maba (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdf&quot;] = {&quot;Moksha&quot;},
	[&quot;mdg&quot;] = {&quot;Massalat&quot;},
	[&quot;mdh&quot;] = {&quot;Maguindanaon&quot;},
	[&quot;mdi&quot;] = {&quot;Mamvu&quot;},
	[&quot;mdj&quot;] = {&quot;Mangbetu&quot;},
	[&quot;mdk&quot;] = {&quot;Mangbutu&quot;},
	[&quot;mdl&quot;] = {&quot;Maltese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mdm&quot;] = {&quot;Mayogo&quot;},
	[&quot;mdn&quot;] = {&quot;Mbati&quot;},
	[&quot;mdp&quot;] = {&quot;Mbala&quot;},
	[&quot;mdq&quot;] = {&quot;Mbole&quot;},
	[&quot;mdr&quot;] = {&quot;Mandar&quot;},
	[&quot;mds&quot;] = {&quot;Maria (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdt&quot;] = {&quot;Mbere&quot;},
	[&quot;mdu&quot;] = {&quot;Mboko&quot;},
	[&quot;mdv&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mdw&quot;] = {&quot;Mbosi&quot;},
	[&quot;mdx&quot;] = {&quot;Dizin&quot;},
	[&quot;mdy&quot;] = {&quot;Male (Ethiopia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mdz&quot;] = {&quot;Suruí Do Pará&quot;},
	[&quot;mea&quot;] = {&quot;Menka&quot;},
	[&quot;meb&quot;] = {&quot;Ikobi&quot;},
	[&quot;mec&quot;] = {&quot;Mara&quot;},
	[&quot;med&quot;] = {&quot;Melpa&quot;},
	[&quot;mee&quot;] = {&quot;Mengen&quot;},
	[&quot;mef&quot;] = {&quot;Megam&quot;},
	[&quot;meh&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mei&quot;] = {&quot;Midob&quot;},
	[&quot;mej&quot;] = {&quot;Meyah&quot;},
	[&quot;mek&quot;] = {&quot;Mekeo&quot;},
	[&quot;mel&quot;] = {&quot;Central Melanau&quot;},
	[&quot;mem&quot;] = {&quot;Mangala&quot;},
	[&quot;men&quot;] = {&quot;Mende (Sierra Leone)&quot;},
	[&quot;meo&quot;] = {&quot;Kedah Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mep&quot;] = {&quot;Miriwung&quot;},
	[&quot;meq&quot;] = {&quot;Merey&quot;},
	[&quot;mer&quot;] = {&quot;Meru&quot;},
	[&quot;mes&quot;] = {&quot;Masmaje&quot;},
	[&quot;met&quot;] = {&quot;Mato&quot;},
	[&quot;meu&quot;] = {&quot;Motu&quot;},
	[&quot;mev&quot;] = {&quot;Mano&quot;},
	[&quot;mew&quot;] = {&quot;Maaka&quot;},
	[&quot;mey&quot;] = {&quot;Hassaniyya&quot;},
	[&quot;mez&quot;] = {&quot;Menominee&quot;},
	[&quot;mfa&quot;] = {&quot;Pattani Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mfb&quot;] = {&quot;Bangka&quot;},
	[&quot;mfc&quot;] = {&quot;Mba&quot;},
	[&quot;mfd&quot;] = {&quot;Mendankwe-Nkwen&quot;},
	[&quot;mfe&quot;] = {&quot;Morisyen&quot;},
	[&quot;mff&quot;] = {&quot;Naki&quot;},
	[&quot;mfg&quot;] = {&quot;Mogofin&quot;},
	[&quot;mfh&quot;] = {&quot;Matal&quot;},
	[&quot;mfi&quot;] = {&quot;Wandala&quot;},
	[&quot;mfj&quot;] = {&quot;Mefele&quot;},
	[&quot;mfk&quot;] = {&quot;North Mofu&quot;},
	[&quot;mfl&quot;] = {&quot;Putai&quot;},
	[&quot;mfm&quot;] = {&quot;Marghi South&quot;},
	[&quot;mfn&quot;] = {&quot;Cross River Mbembe&quot;},
	[&quot;mfo&quot;] = {&quot;Mbe&quot;},
	[&quot;mfp&quot;] = {&quot;Makassar Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mfq&quot;] = {&quot;Moba&quot;},
	[&quot;mfr&quot;] = {&quot;Marithiel&quot;},
	[&quot;mfs&quot;] = {&quot;Mexican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mft&quot;] = {&quot;Mokerang&quot;},
	[&quot;mfu&quot;] = {&quot;Mbwela&quot;},
	[&quot;mfv&quot;] = {&quot;Mandjak&quot;},
	[&quot;mfw&quot;] = {&quot;Mulaha&quot;},
	[&quot;mfx&quot;] = {&quot;Melo&quot;},
	[&quot;mfy&quot;] = {&quot;Mayo&quot;},
	[&quot;mfz&quot;] = {&quot;Mabaan&quot;},
	[&quot;mga&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Irish (900-1200)&quot;},
	[&quot;mgb&quot;] = {&quot;Mararit&quot;},
	[&quot;mgc&quot;] = {&quot;Morokodo&quot;},
	[&quot;mgd&quot;] = {&quot;Moru&quot;},
	[&quot;mge&quot;] = {&quot;Mango&quot;},
	[&quot;mgf&quot;] = {&quot;Maklew&quot;},
	[&quot;mgg&quot;] = {&quot;Mpumpong&quot;},
	[&quot;mgh&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Meetto&quot;},
	[&quot;mgi&quot;] = {&quot;Lijili&quot;},
	[&quot;mgj&quot;] = {&quot;Abureni&quot;},
	[&quot;mgk&quot;] = {&quot;Mawes&quot;},
	[&quot;mgl&quot;] = {&quot;Maleu-Kilenge&quot;},
	[&quot;mgm&quot;] = {&quot;Mambae&quot;},
	[&quot;mgn&quot;] = {&quot;Mbangi&quot;},
	[&quot;mgo&quot;] = {&quot;Meta'&quot;},
	[&quot;mgp&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Magar&quot;},
	[&quot;mgq&quot;] = {&quot;Malila&quot;},
	[&quot;mgr&quot;] = {&quot;Mambwe-Lungu&quot;},
	[&quot;mgs&quot;] = {&quot;Manda (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;mgt&quot;] = {&quot;Mongol&quot;},
	[&quot;mgu&quot;] = {&quot;Mailu&quot;},
	[&quot;mgv&quot;] = {&quot;Matengo&quot;},
	[&quot;mgw&quot;] = {&quot;Matumbi&quot;},
	[&quot;mgy&quot;] = {&quot;Mbunga&quot;},
	[&quot;mgz&quot;] = {&quot;Mbugwe&quot;},
	[&quot;mha&quot;] = {&quot;Manda (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;mhb&quot;] = {&quot;Mahongwe&quot;},
	[&quot;mhc&quot;] = {&quot;Mocho&quot;},
	[&quot;mhd&quot;] = {&quot;Mbugu&quot;},
	[&quot;mhe&quot;] = {&quot;Besisi&quot;, &quot;Mah Meri&quot;},
	[&quot;mhf&quot;] = {&quot;Mamaa&quot;},
	[&quot;mhg&quot;] = {&quot;Margu&quot;},
	[&quot;mhi&quot;] = {&quot;Ma'di&quot;},
	[&quot;mhj&quot;] = {&quot;Mogholi&quot;},
	[&quot;mhk&quot;] = {&quot;Mungaka&quot;},
	[&quot;mhl&quot;] = {&quot;Mauwake&quot;},
	[&quot;mhm&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Moniga&quot;},
	[&quot;mhn&quot;] = {&quot;Mócheno&quot;},
	[&quot;mho&quot;] = {&quot;Mashi (Zambia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mhp&quot;] = {&quot;Balinese Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mhq&quot;] = {&quot;Mandan&quot;},
	[&quot;mhr&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Mari&quot;},
	[&quot;mhs&quot;] = {&quot;Buru (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mht&quot;] = {&quot;Mandahuaca&quot;},
	[&quot;mhu&quot;] = {&quot;Darang Deng&quot;, &quot;Digaro-Mishmi&quot;},
	[&quot;mhw&quot;] = {&quot;Mbukushu&quot;},
	[&quot;mhx&quot;] = {&quot;Lhaovo&quot;, &quot;Maru&quot;},
	[&quot;mhy&quot;] = {&quot;Ma'anyan&quot;},
	[&quot;mhz&quot;] = {&quot;Mor (Mor Islands)&quot;},
	[&quot;mia&quot;] = {&quot;Miami&quot;},
	[&quot;mib&quot;] = {&quot;Atatláhuca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mic&quot;] = {&quot;Micmac&quot;, &quot;Mi'kmaq&quot;},
	[&quot;mid&quot;] = {&quot;Mandaic&quot;},
	[&quot;mie&quot;] = {&quot;Ocotepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mif&quot;] = {&quot;Mofu-Gudur&quot;},
	[&quot;mig&quot;] = {&quot;San Miguel El Grande Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mih&quot;] = {&quot;Chayuco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mii&quot;] = {&quot;Chigmecatitlán Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mij&quot;] = {&quot;Abar&quot;, &quot;Mungbam&quot;},
	[&quot;mik&quot;] = {&quot;Mikasuki&quot;},
	[&quot;mil&quot;] = {&quot;Peñoles Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mim&quot;] = {&quot;Alacatlatzala Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;min&quot;] = {&quot;Minangkabau&quot;},
	[&quot;mio&quot;] = {&quot;Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mip&quot;] = {&quot;Apasco-Apoala Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miq&quot;] = {&quot;Mískito&quot;},
	[&quot;mir&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mis&quot;] = {&quot;Uncoded languages&quot;},
	[&quot;mit&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Puebla Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miu&quot;] = {&quot;Cacaloxtepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miw&quot;] = {&quot;Akoye&quot;},
	[&quot;mix&quot;] = {&quot;Mixtepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miy&quot;] = {&quot;Ayutla Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;miz&quot;] = {&quot;Coatzospan Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mjb&quot;] = {&quot;Makalero&quot;},
	[&quot;mjc&quot;] = {&quot;San Juan Colorado Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mjd&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Maidu&quot;},
	[&quot;mje&quot;] = {&quot;Muskum&quot;},
	[&quot;mjg&quot;] = {&quot;Tu&quot;},
	[&quot;mjh&quot;] = {&quot;Mwera (Nyasa)&quot;},
	[&quot;mji&quot;] = {&quot;Kim Mun&quot;},
	[&quot;mjj&quot;] = {&quot;Mawak&quot;},
	[&quot;mjk&quot;] = {&quot;Matukar&quot;},
	[&quot;mjl&quot;] = {&quot;Mandeali&quot;},
	[&quot;mjm&quot;] = {&quot;Medebur&quot;},
	[&quot;mjn&quot;] = {&quot;Ma (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mjo&quot;] = {&quot;Malankuravan&quot;},
	[&quot;mjp&quot;] = {&quot;Malapandaram&quot;},
	[&quot;mjq&quot;] = {&quot;Malaryan&quot;},
	[&quot;mjr&quot;] = {&quot;Malavedan&quot;},
	[&quot;mjs&quot;] = {&quot;Miship&quot;},
	[&quot;mjt&quot;] = {&quot;Sauria Paharia&quot;},
	[&quot;mju&quot;] = {&quot;Manna-Dora&quot;},
	[&quot;mjv&quot;] = {&quot;Mannan&quot;},
	[&quot;mjw&quot;] = {&quot;Karbi&quot;},
	[&quot;mjx&quot;] = {&quot;Mahali&quot;},
	[&quot;mjy&quot;] = {&quot;Mahican&quot;},
	[&quot;mjz&quot;] = {&quot;Majhi&quot;},
	[&quot;mka&quot;] = {&quot;Mbre&quot;},
	[&quot;mkb&quot;] = {&quot;Mal Paharia&quot;},
	[&quot;mkc&quot;] = {&quot;Siliput&quot;},
	[&quot;mkd&quot;] = {&quot;Macedonian&quot;},
	[&quot;mke&quot;] = {&quot;Mawchi&quot;},
	[&quot;mkf&quot;] = {&quot;Miya&quot;},
	[&quot;mkg&quot;] = {&quot;Mak (China)&quot;},
	[&quot;mki&quot;] = {&quot;Dhatki&quot;},
	[&quot;mkj&quot;] = {&quot;Mokilese&quot;},
	[&quot;mkk&quot;] = {&quot;Byep&quot;},
	[&quot;mkl&quot;] = {&quot;Mokole&quot;},
	[&quot;mkm&quot;] = {&quot;Moklen&quot;},
	[&quot;mkn&quot;] = {&quot;Kupang Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mko&quot;] = {&quot;Mingang Doso&quot;},
	[&quot;mkp&quot;] = {&quot;Moikodi&quot;},
	[&quot;mkq&quot;] = {&quot;Bay Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;mkr&quot;] = {&quot;Malas&quot;},
	[&quot;mks&quot;] = {&quot;Silacayoapan Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mkt&quot;] = {&quot;Vamale&quot;},
	[&quot;mku&quot;] = {&quot;Konyanka Maninka&quot;},
	[&quot;mkv&quot;] = {&quot;Mafea&quot;},
	[&quot;mkw&quot;] = {&quot;Kituba (Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;mkx&quot;] = {&quot;Kinamiging Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mky&quot;] = {&quot;East Makian&quot;},
	[&quot;mkz&quot;] = {&quot;Makasae&quot;},
	[&quot;mla&quot;] = {&quot;Malo&quot;},
	[&quot;mlb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbule&quot;},
	[&quot;mlc&quot;] = {&quot;Cao Lan&quot;},
	[&quot;mle&quot;] = {&quot;Manambu&quot;},
	[&quot;mlf&quot;] = {&quot;Mal&quot;},
	[&quot;mlg&quot;] = {&quot;Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;mlh&quot;] = {&quot;Mape&quot;},
	[&quot;mli&quot;] = {&quot;Malimpung&quot;},
	[&quot;mlj&quot;] = {&quot;Miltu&quot;},
	[&quot;mlk&quot;] = {&quot;Ilwana&quot;, &quot;Kiwilwana&quot;},
	[&quot;mll&quot;] = {&quot;Malua Bay&quot;},
	[&quot;mlm&quot;] = {&quot;Mulam&quot;},
	[&quot;mln&quot;] = {&quot;Malango&quot;},
	[&quot;mlo&quot;] = {&quot;Mlomp&quot;},
	[&quot;mlp&quot;] = {&quot;Bargam&quot;},
	[&quot;mlq&quot;] = {&quot;Western Maninkakan&quot;},
	[&quot;mlr&quot;] = {&quot;Vame&quot;},
	[&quot;mls&quot;] = {&quot;Masalit&quot;},
	[&quot;mlt&quot;] = {&quot;Maltese&quot;},
	[&quot;mlu&quot;] = {&quot;To'abaita&quot;},
	[&quot;mlv&quot;] = {&quot;Motlav&quot;, &quot;Mwotlap&quot;},
	[&quot;mlw&quot;] = {&quot;Moloko&quot;},
	[&quot;mlx&quot;] = {&quot;Malfaxal&quot;, &quot;Naha'ai&quot;},
	[&quot;mlz&quot;] = {&quot;Malaynon&quot;},
	[&quot;mma&quot;] = {&quot;Mama&quot;},
	[&quot;mmb&quot;] = {&quot;Momina&quot;},
	[&quot;mmc&quot;] = {&quot;Michoacán Mazahua&quot;},
	[&quot;mmd&quot;] = {&quot;Maonan&quot;},
	[&quot;mme&quot;] = {&quot;Mae&quot;},
	[&quot;mmf&quot;] = {&quot;Mundat&quot;},
	[&quot;mmg&quot;] = {&quot;North Ambrym&quot;},
	[&quot;mmh&quot;] = {&quot;Mehináku&quot;},
	[&quot;mmi&quot;] = {&quot;Musar&quot;},
	[&quot;mmj&quot;] = {&quot;Majhwar&quot;},
	[&quot;mmk&quot;] = {&quot;Mukha-Dora&quot;},
	[&quot;mml&quot;] = {&quot;Man Met&quot;},
	[&quot;mmm&quot;] = {&quot;Maii&quot;},
	[&quot;mmn&quot;] = {&quot;Mamanwa&quot;},
	[&quot;mmo&quot;] = {&quot;Mangga Buang&quot;},
	[&quot;mmp&quot;] = {&quot;Siawi&quot;},
	[&quot;mmq&quot;] = {&quot;Musak&quot;},
	[&quot;mmr&quot;] = {&quot;Western Xiangxi Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;mmt&quot;] = {&quot;Malalamai&quot;},
	[&quot;mmu&quot;] = {&quot;Mmaala&quot;},
	[&quot;mmv&quot;] = {&quot;Miriti&quot;},
	[&quot;mmw&quot;] = {&quot;Emae&quot;},
	[&quot;mmx&quot;] = {&quot;Madak&quot;},
	[&quot;mmy&quot;] = {&quot;Migaama&quot;},
	[&quot;mmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mabaale&quot;},
	[&quot;mna&quot;] = {&quot;Mbula&quot;},
	[&quot;mnb&quot;] = {&quot;Muna&quot;},
	[&quot;mnc&quot;] = {&quot;Manchu&quot;},
	[&quot;mnd&quot;] = {&quot;Mondé&quot;},
	[&quot;mne&quot;] = {&quot;Naba&quot;},
	[&quot;mnf&quot;] = {&quot;Mundani&quot;},
	[&quot;mng&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Mnong&quot;},
	[&quot;mnh&quot;] = {&quot;Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;mni&quot;] = {&quot;Manipuri&quot;},
	[&quot;mnj&quot;] = {&quot;Munji&quot;},
	[&quot;mnk&quot;] = {&quot;Mandinka&quot;},
	[&quot;mnl&quot;] = {&quot;Tiale&quot;},
	[&quot;mnm&quot;] = {&quot;Mapena&quot;},
	[&quot;mnn&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Mnong&quot;},
	[&quot;mnp&quot;] = {&quot;Min Bei Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;mnq&quot;] = {&quot;Minriq&quot;},
	[&quot;mnr&quot;] = {&quot;Mono (USA)&quot;},
	[&quot;mns&quot;] = {&quot;Mansi&quot;},
	[&quot;mnu&quot;] = {&quot;Mer&quot;},
	[&quot;mnv&quot;] = {&quot;Rennell-Bellona&quot;},
	[&quot;mnw&quot;] = {&quot;Mon&quot;},
	[&quot;mnx&quot;] = {&quot;Manikion&quot;},
	[&quot;mny&quot;] = {&quot;Manyawa&quot;},
	[&quot;mnz&quot;] = {&quot;Moni&quot;},
	[&quot;moa&quot;] = {&quot;Mwan&quot;},
	[&quot;moc&quot;] = {&quot;Mocoví&quot;},
	[&quot;mod&quot;] = {&quot;Mobilian&quot;},
	[&quot;moe&quot;] = {&quot;Montagnais&quot;},
	[&quot;mog&quot;] = {&quot;Mongondow&quot;},
	[&quot;moh&quot;] = {&quot;Mohawk&quot;},
	[&quot;moi&quot;] = {&quot;Mboi&quot;},
	[&quot;moj&quot;] = {&quot;Monzombo&quot;},
	[&quot;mok&quot;] = {&quot;Morori&quot;},
	[&quot;mom&quot;] = {&quot;Mangue&quot;},
	[&quot;mon&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;moo&quot;] = {&quot;Monom&quot;},
	[&quot;mop&quot;] = {&quot;Mopán Maya&quot;},
	[&quot;moq&quot;] = {&quot;Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)&quot;},
	[&quot;mor&quot;] = {&quot;Moro&quot;},
	[&quot;mos&quot;] = {&quot;Mossi&quot;},
	[&quot;mot&quot;] = {&quot;Barí&quot;},
	[&quot;mou&quot;] = {&quot;Mogum&quot;},
	[&quot;mov&quot;] = {&quot;Mohave&quot;},
	[&quot;mow&quot;] = {&quot;Moi (Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;mox&quot;] = {&quot;Molima&quot;},
	[&quot;moy&quot;] = {&quot;Shekkacho&quot;},
	[&quot;moz&quot;] = {&quot;Gergiko&quot;, &quot;Mukulu&quot;},
	[&quot;mpa&quot;] = {&quot;Mpoto&quot;},
	[&quot;mpb&quot;] = {&quot;Mullukmulluk&quot;},
	[&quot;mpc&quot;] = {&quot;Mangarayi&quot;},
	[&quot;mpd&quot;] = {&quot;Machinere&quot;},
	[&quot;mpe&quot;] = {&quot;Majang&quot;},
	[&quot;mpg&quot;] = {&quot;Marba&quot;},
	[&quot;mph&quot;] = {&quot;Maung&quot;},
	[&quot;mpi&quot;] = {&quot;Mpade&quot;},
	[&quot;mpj&quot;] = {&quot;Martu Wangka&quot;},
	[&quot;mpk&quot;] = {&quot;Mbara (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;mpl&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Watut&quot;},
	[&quot;mpm&quot;] = {&quot;Yosondúa Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mpn&quot;] = {&quot;Mindiri&quot;},
	[&quot;mpo&quot;] = {&quot;Miu&quot;},
	[&quot;mpp&quot;] = {&quot;Migabac&quot;},
	[&quot;mpq&quot;] = {&quot;Matís&quot;},
	[&quot;mpr&quot;] = {&quot;Vangunu&quot;},
	[&quot;mps&quot;] = {&quot;Dadibi&quot;},
	[&quot;mpt&quot;] = {&quot;Mian&quot;},
	[&quot;mpu&quot;] = {&quot;Makuráp&quot;},
	[&quot;mpv&quot;] = {&quot;Mungkip&quot;},
	[&quot;mpw&quot;] = {&quot;Mapidian&quot;},
	[&quot;mpx&quot;] = {&quot;Misima-Panaeati&quot;},
	[&quot;mpy&quot;] = {&quot;Mapia&quot;},
	[&quot;mpz&quot;] = {&quot;Mpi&quot;},
	[&quot;mqa&quot;] = {&quot;Maba (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mqb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbuko&quot;},
	[&quot;mqc&quot;] = {&quot;Mangole&quot;},
	[&quot;mqe&quot;] = {&quot;Matepi&quot;},
	[&quot;mqf&quot;] = {&quot;Momuna&quot;},
	[&quot;mqg&quot;] = {&quot;Kota Bangun Kutai Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;mqh&quot;] = {&quot;Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mqi&quot;] = {&quot;Mariri&quot;},
	[&quot;mqj&quot;] = {&quot;Mamasa&quot;},
	[&quot;mqk&quot;] = {&quot;Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mql&quot;] = {&quot;Mbelime&quot;},
	[&quot;mqm&quot;] = {&quot;South Marquesan&quot;},
	[&quot;mqn&quot;] = {&quot;Moronene&quot;},
	[&quot;mqo&quot;] = {&quot;Modole&quot;},
	[&quot;mqp&quot;] = {&quot;Manipa&quot;},
	[&quot;mqq&quot;] = {&quot;Minokok&quot;},
	[&quot;mqr&quot;] = {&quot;Mander&quot;},
	[&quot;mqs&quot;] = {&quot;West Makian&quot;},
	[&quot;mqt&quot;] = {&quot;Mok&quot;},
	[&quot;mqu&quot;] = {&quot;Mandari&quot;},
	[&quot;mqv&quot;] = {&quot;Mosimo&quot;},
	[&quot;mqw&quot;] = {&quot;Murupi&quot;},
	[&quot;mqx&quot;] = {&quot;Mamuju&quot;},
	[&quot;mqy&quot;] = {&quot;Manggarai&quot;},
	[&quot;mqz&quot;] = {&quot;Pano&quot;},
	[&quot;mra&quot;] = {&quot;Mlabri&quot;},
	[&quot;mrb&quot;] = {&quot;Marino&quot;},
	[&quot;mrc&quot;] = {&quot;Maricopa&quot;},
	[&quot;mrd&quot;] = {&quot;Western Magar&quot;},
	[&quot;mre&quot;] = {&quot;Martha's Vineyard Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mrf&quot;] = {&quot;Elseng&quot;},
	[&quot;mrg&quot;] = {&quot;Mising&quot;},
	[&quot;mrh&quot;] = {&quot;Mara Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;mri&quot;] = {&quot;Maori&quot;},
	[&quot;mrj&quot;] = {&quot;Western Mari&quot;},
	[&quot;mrk&quot;] = {&quot;Hmwaveke&quot;},
	[&quot;mrl&quot;] = {&quot;Mortlockese&quot;},
	[&quot;mrm&quot;] = {&quot;Merlav&quot;, &quot;Mwerlap&quot;},
	[&quot;mrn&quot;] = {&quot;Cheke Holo&quot;},
	[&quot;mro&quot;] = {&quot;Mru&quot;},
	[&quot;mrp&quot;] = {&quot;Morouas&quot;},
	[&quot;mrq&quot;] = {&quot;North Marquesan&quot;},
	[&quot;mrr&quot;] = {&quot;Maria (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;mrs&quot;] = {&quot;Maragus&quot;},
	[&quot;mrt&quot;] = {&quot;Marghi Central&quot;},
	[&quot;mru&quot;] = {&quot;Mono (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;mrv&quot;] = {&quot;Mangareva&quot;},
	[&quot;mrw&quot;] = {&quot;Maranao&quot;},
	[&quot;mrx&quot;] = {&quot;Dineor&quot;, &quot;Maremgi&quot;},
	[&quot;mry&quot;] = {&quot;Mandaya&quot;},
	[&quot;mrz&quot;] = {&quot;Marind&quot;},
	[&quot;msa&quot;] = {&quot;Malay (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;msb&quot;] = {&quot;Masbatenyo&quot;},
	[&quot;msc&quot;] = {&quot;Sankaran Maninka&quot;},
	[&quot;msd&quot;] = {&quot;Yucatec Maya Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mse&quot;] = {&quot;Musey&quot;},
	[&quot;msf&quot;] = {&quot;Mekwei&quot;},
	[&quot;msg&quot;] = {&quot;Moraid&quot;},
	[&quot;msh&quot;] = {&quot;Masikoro Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;msi&quot;] = {&quot;Sabah Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;msj&quot;] = {&quot;Ma (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;msk&quot;] = {&quot;Mansaka&quot;},
	[&quot;msl&quot;] = {&quot;Molof&quot;, &quot;Poule&quot;},
	[&quot;msm&quot;] = {&quot;Agusan Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;msn&quot;] = {&quot;Vurës&quot;},
	[&quot;mso&quot;] = {&quot;Mombum&quot;},
	[&quot;msp&quot;] = {&quot;Maritsauá&quot;},
	[&quot;msq&quot;] = {&quot;Caac&quot;},
	[&quot;msr&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mss&quot;] = {&quot;West Masela&quot;},
	[&quot;msu&quot;] = {&quot;Musom&quot;},
	[&quot;msv&quot;] = {&quot;Maslam&quot;},
	[&quot;msw&quot;] = {&quot;Mansoanka&quot;},
	[&quot;msx&quot;] = {&quot;Moresada&quot;},
	[&quot;msy&quot;] = {&quot;Aruamu&quot;},
	[&quot;msz&quot;] = {&quot;Momare&quot;},
	[&quot;mta&quot;] = {&quot;Cotabato Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;mtb&quot;] = {&quot;Anyin Morofo&quot;},
	[&quot;mtc&quot;] = {&quot;Munit&quot;},
	[&quot;mtd&quot;] = {&quot;Mualang&quot;},
	[&quot;mte&quot;] = {&quot;Mono (Solomon Islands)&quot;},
	[&quot;mtf&quot;] = {&quot;Murik (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mtg&quot;] = {&quot;Una&quot;},
	[&quot;mth&quot;] = {&quot;Munggui&quot;},
	[&quot;mti&quot;] = {&quot;Maiwa (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;mtj&quot;] = {&quot;Moskona&quot;},
	[&quot;mtk&quot;] = {&quot;Mbe'&quot;},
	[&quot;mtl&quot;] = {&quot;Montol&quot;},
	[&quot;mtm&quot;] = {&quot;Mator&quot;},
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = {&quot;Matagalpa&quot;},
	[&quot;mto&quot;] = {&quot;Totontepec Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mtp&quot;] = {&quot;Wichí Lhamtés Nocten&quot;},
	[&quot;mtq&quot;] = {&quot;Muong&quot;},
	[&quot;mtr&quot;] = {&quot;Mewari&quot;},
	[&quot;mts&quot;] = {&quot;Yora&quot;},
	[&quot;mtt&quot;] = {&quot;Mota&quot;},
	[&quot;mtu&quot;] = {&quot;Tututepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mtv&quot;] = {&quot;Asaro'o&quot;},
	[&quot;mtw&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Binukidnon&quot;},
	[&quot;mtx&quot;] = {&quot;Tidaá Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mty&quot;] = {&quot;Nabi&quot;},
	[&quot;mua&quot;] = {&quot;Mundang&quot;},
	[&quot;mub&quot;] = {&quot;Mubi&quot;},
	[&quot;muc&quot;] = {&quot;Ajumbu&quot;},
	[&quot;mud&quot;] = {&quot;Mednyj Aleut&quot;},
	[&quot;mue&quot;] = {&quot;Media Lengua&quot;},
	[&quot;mug&quot;] = {&quot;Musgu&quot;},
	[&quot;muh&quot;] = {&quot;Mündü&quot;},
	[&quot;mui&quot;] = {&quot;Musi&quot;},
	[&quot;muj&quot;] = {&quot;Mabire&quot;},
	[&quot;muk&quot;] = {&quot;Mugom&quot;},
	[&quot;mul&quot;] = {&quot;Multiple languages&quot;},
	[&quot;mum&quot;] = {&quot;Maiwala&quot;},
	[&quot;muo&quot;] = {&quot;Nyong&quot;},
	[&quot;mup&quot;] = {&quot;Malvi&quot;},
	[&quot;muq&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Xiangxi Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;mur&quot;] = {&quot;Murle&quot;},
	[&quot;mus&quot;] = {&quot;Creek&quot;},
	[&quot;mut&quot;] = {&quot;Western Muria&quot;},
	[&quot;muu&quot;] = {&quot;Yaaku&quot;},
	[&quot;muv&quot;] = {&quot;Muthuvan&quot;},
	[&quot;mux&quot;] = {&quot;Bo-Ung&quot;},
	[&quot;muy&quot;] = {&quot;Muyang&quot;},
	[&quot;muz&quot;] = {&quot;Mursi&quot;},
	[&quot;mva&quot;] = {&quot;Manam&quot;},
	[&quot;mvb&quot;] = {&quot;Mattole&quot;},
	[&quot;mvd&quot;] = {&quot;Mamboru&quot;},
	[&quot;mve&quot;] = {&quot;Marwari (Pakistan)&quot;},
	[&quot;mvf&quot;] = {&quot;Peripheral Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;mvg&quot;] = {&quot;Yucuañe Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mvh&quot;] = {&quot;Mulgi&quot;},
	[&quot;mvi&quot;] = {&quot;Miyako&quot;},
	[&quot;mvk&quot;] = {&quot;Mekmek&quot;},
	[&quot;mvl&quot;] = {&quot;Mbara (Australia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mvm&quot;] = {&quot;Muya&quot;},
	[&quot;mvn&quot;] = {&quot;Minaveha&quot;},
	[&quot;mvo&quot;] = {&quot;Marovo&quot;},
	[&quot;mvp&quot;] = {&quot;Duri&quot;},
	[&quot;mvq&quot;] = {&quot;Moere&quot;},
	[&quot;mvr&quot;] = {&quot;Marau&quot;},
	[&quot;mvs&quot;] = {&quot;Massep&quot;},
	[&quot;mvt&quot;] = {&quot;Mpotovoro&quot;},
	[&quot;mvu&quot;] = {&quot;Marfa&quot;},
	[&quot;mvv&quot;] = {&quot;Tagal Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;mvw&quot;] = {&quot;Machinga&quot;},
	[&quot;mvx&quot;] = {&quot;Meoswar&quot;},
	[&quot;mvy&quot;] = {&quot;Indus Kohistani&quot;},
	[&quot;mvz&quot;] = {&quot;Mesqan&quot;},
	[&quot;mwa&quot;] = {&quot;Mwatebu&quot;},
	[&quot;mwb&quot;] = {&quot;Juwal&quot;},
	[&quot;mwc&quot;] = {&quot;Are&quot;},
	[&quot;mwe&quot;] = {&quot;Mwera (Chimwera)&quot;},
	[&quot;mwf&quot;] = {&quot;Murrinh-Patha&quot;},
	[&quot;mwg&quot;] = {&quot;Aiklep&quot;},
	[&quot;mwh&quot;] = {&quot;Mouk-Aria&quot;},
	[&quot;mwi&quot;] = {&quot;Labo&quot;, &quot;Ninde&quot;},
	[&quot;mwk&quot;] = {&quot;Kita Maninkakan&quot;},
	[&quot;mwl&quot;] = {&quot;Mirandese&quot;},
	[&quot;mwm&quot;] = {&quot;Sar&quot;},
	[&quot;mwn&quot;] = {&quot;Nyamwanga&quot;},
	[&quot;mwo&quot;] = {&quot;Central Maewo&quot;},
	[&quot;mwp&quot;] = {&quot;Kala Lagaw Ya&quot;},
	[&quot;mwq&quot;] = {&quot;Mün Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;mwr&quot;] = {&quot;Marwari&quot;},
	[&quot;mws&quot;] = {&quot;Mwimbi-Muthambi&quot;},
	[&quot;mwt&quot;] = {&quot;Moken&quot;},
	[&quot;mwu&quot;] = {&quot;Mittu&quot;},
	[&quot;mwv&quot;] = {&quot;Mentawai&quot;},
	[&quot;mww&quot;] = {&quot;Hmong Daw&quot;},
	[&quot;mwz&quot;] = {&quot;Moingi&quot;},
	[&quot;mxa&quot;] = {&quot;Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxb&quot;] = {&quot;Tezoatlán Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxc&quot;] = {&quot;Manyika&quot;},
	[&quot;mxd&quot;] = {&quot;Modang&quot;},
	[&quot;mxe&quot;] = {&quot;Mele-Fila&quot;},
	[&quot;mxf&quot;] = {&quot;Malgbe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxg&quot;] = {&quot;Mbangala&quot;},
	[&quot;mxh&quot;] = {&quot;Mvuba&quot;},
	[&quot;mxi&quot;] = {&quot;Mozarabic&quot;},
	[&quot;mxj&quot;] = {&quot;Geman Deng&quot;, &quot;Miju-Mishmi&quot;},
	[&quot;mxk&quot;] = {&quot;Monumbo&quot;},
	[&quot;mxl&quot;] = {&quot;Maxi Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxm&quot;] = {&quot;Meramera&quot;},
	[&quot;mxn&quot;] = {&quot;Moi (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mxo&quot;] = {&quot;Mbowe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxp&quot;] = {&quot;Tlahuitoltepec Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxq&quot;] = {&quot;Juquila Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mxr&quot;] = {&quot;Murik (Malaysia)&quot;},
	[&quot;mxs&quot;] = {&quot;Huitepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxt&quot;] = {&quot;Jamiltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxu&quot;] = {&quot;Mada (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;mxv&quot;] = {&quot;Metlatónoc Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxw&quot;] = {&quot;Namo&quot;},
	[&quot;mxx&quot;] = {&quot;Mahou&quot;, &quot;Mawukakan&quot;},
	[&quot;mxy&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mxz&quot;] = {&quot;Central Masela&quot;},
	[&quot;mya&quot;] = {&quot;Burmese&quot;},
	[&quot;myb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbay&quot;},
	[&quot;myc&quot;] = {&quot;Mayeka&quot;},
	[&quot;myd&quot;] = {&quot;Maramba&quot;},
	[&quot;mye&quot;] = {&quot;Myene&quot;},
	[&quot;myf&quot;] = {&quot;Bambassi&quot;},
	[&quot;myg&quot;] = {&quot;Manta&quot;},
	[&quot;myh&quot;] = {&quot;Makah&quot;},
	[&quot;myi&quot;] = {&quot;Mina (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;myj&quot;] = {&quot;Mangayat&quot;},
	[&quot;myk&quot;] = {&quot;Mamara Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;myl&quot;] = {&quot;Moma&quot;},
	[&quot;mym&quot;] = {&quot;Me'en&quot;},
	[&quot;myo&quot;] = {&quot;Anfillo&quot;},
	[&quot;myp&quot;] = {&quot;Pirahã&quot;},
	[&quot;myr&quot;] = {&quot;Muniche&quot;},
	[&quot;mys&quot;] = {&quot;Mesmes&quot;},
	[&quot;myu&quot;] = {&quot;Mundurukú&quot;},
	[&quot;myv&quot;] = {&quot;Erzya&quot;},
	[&quot;myw&quot;] = {&quot;Muyuw&quot;},
	[&quot;myx&quot;] = {&quot;Masaaba&quot;},
	[&quot;myy&quot;] = {&quot;Macuna&quot;},
	[&quot;myz&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Mandaic&quot;},
	[&quot;mza&quot;] = {&quot;Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;mzb&quot;] = {&quot;Tumzabt&quot;},
	[&quot;mzc&quot;] = {&quot;Madagascar Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mzd&quot;] = {&quot;Malimba&quot;},
	[&quot;mze&quot;] = {&quot;Morawa&quot;},
	[&quot;mzg&quot;] = {&quot;Monastic Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mzh&quot;] = {&quot;Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay&quot;},
	[&quot;mzi&quot;] = {&quot;Ixcatlán Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;mzj&quot;] = {&quot;Manya&quot;},
	[&quot;mzk&quot;] = {&quot;Nigeria Mambila&quot;},
	[&quot;mzl&quot;] = {&quot;Mazatlán Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;mzm&quot;] = {&quot;Mumuye&quot;},
	[&quot;mzn&quot;] = {&quot;Mazanderani&quot;},
	[&quot;mzo&quot;] = {&quot;Matipuhy&quot;},
	[&quot;mzp&quot;] = {&quot;Movima&quot;},
	[&quot;mzq&quot;] = {&quot;Mori Atas&quot;},
	[&quot;mzr&quot;] = {&quot;Marúbo&quot;},
	[&quot;mzs&quot;] = {&quot;Macanese&quot;},
	[&quot;mzt&quot;] = {&quot;Mintil&quot;},
	[&quot;mzu&quot;] = {&quot;Inapang&quot;},
	[&quot;mzv&quot;] = {&quot;Manza&quot;},
	[&quot;mzw&quot;] = {&quot;Deg&quot;},
	[&quot;mzx&quot;] = {&quot;Mawayana&quot;},
	[&quot;mzy&quot;] = {&quot;Mozambican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;mzz&quot;] = {&quot;Maiadomu&quot;},
	[&quot;naa&quot;] = {&quot;Namla&quot;},
	[&quot;nab&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nambikuára&quot;},
	[&quot;nac&quot;] = {&quot;Narak&quot;},
	[&quot;nae&quot;] = {&quot;Naka'ela&quot;},
	[&quot;naf&quot;] = {&quot;Nabak&quot;},
	[&quot;nag&quot;] = {&quot;Naga Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;naj&quot;] = {&quot;Nalu&quot;},
	[&quot;nak&quot;] = {&quot;Nakanai&quot;},
	[&quot;nal&quot;] = {&quot;Nalik&quot;},
	[&quot;nam&quot;] = {&quot;Ngan'gityemerri&quot;},
	[&quot;nan&quot;] = {&quot;Min Nan Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;nao&quot;] = {&quot;Naaba&quot;},
	[&quot;nap&quot;] = {&quot;Neapolitan&quot;},
	[&quot;naq&quot;] = {&quot;Khoekhoe&quot;, &quot;Nama (Namibia)&quot;},
	[&quot;nar&quot;] = {&quot;Iguta&quot;},
	[&quot;nas&quot;] = {&quot;Naasioi&quot;},
	[&quot;nat&quot;] = {&quot;Ca̱hungwa̱rya̱&quot;, &quot;Hungworo&quot;},
	[&quot;nau&quot;] = {&quot;Nauru&quot;},
	[&quot;nav&quot;] = {&quot;Navaho&quot;, &quot;Navajo&quot;},
	[&quot;naw&quot;] = {&quot;Nawuri&quot;},
	[&quot;nax&quot;] = {&quot;Nakwi&quot;},
	[&quot;nay&quot;] = {&quot;Narrinyeri&quot;},
	[&quot;naz&quot;] = {&quot;Coatepec Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nba&quot;] = {&quot;Nyemba&quot;},
	[&quot;nbb&quot;] = {&quot;Ndoe&quot;},
	[&quot;nbc&quot;] = {&quot;Chang Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nbd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbinda&quot;},
	[&quot;nbe&quot;] = {&quot;Konyak Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nbg&quot;] = {&quot;Nagarchal&quot;},
	[&quot;nbh&quot;] = {&quot;Ngamo&quot;},
	[&quot;nbi&quot;] = {&quot;Mao Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nbj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarinman&quot;},
	[&quot;nbk&quot;] = {&quot;Nake&quot;},
	[&quot;nbl&quot;] = {&quot;South Ndebele&quot;},
	[&quot;nbm&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbaka Ma'bo&quot;},
	[&quot;nbn&quot;] = {&quot;Kuri&quot;},
	[&quot;nbo&quot;] = {&quot;Nkukoli&quot;},
	[&quot;nbp&quot;] = {&quot;Nnam&quot;},
	[&quot;nbq&quot;] = {&quot;Nggem&quot;},
	[&quot;nbr&quot;] = {&quot;Numana-Nunku-Gbantu-Numbu&quot;},
	[&quot;nbs&quot;] = {&quot;Namibian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nbt&quot;] = {&quot;Na&quot;},
	[&quot;nbu&quot;] = {&quot;Rongmei Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nbv&quot;] = {&quot;Ngamambo&quot;},
	[&quot;nbw&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Ngbandi&quot;},
	[&quot;nby&quot;] = {&quot;Ningera&quot;},
	[&quot;nca&quot;] = {&quot;Iyo&quot;},
	[&quot;ncb&quot;] = {&quot;Central Nicobarese&quot;},
	[&quot;ncc&quot;] = {&quot;Ponam&quot;},
	[&quot;ncd&quot;] = {&quot;Nachering&quot;},
	[&quot;nce&quot;] = {&quot;Yale&quot;},
	[&quot;ncf&quot;] = {&quot;Notsi&quot;},
	[&quot;ncg&quot;] = {&quot;Nisga'a&quot;},
	[&quot;nch&quot;] = {&quot;Central Huasteca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nci&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;ncj&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Puebla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nck&quot;] = {&quot;Nakara&quot;},
	[&quot;ncl&quot;] = {&quot;Michoacán Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;ncm&quot;] = {&quot;Nambo&quot;},
	[&quot;ncn&quot;] = {&quot;Nauna&quot;},
	[&quot;nco&quot;] = {&quot;Sibe&quot;},
	[&quot;ncq&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Katang&quot;},
	[&quot;ncr&quot;] = {&quot;Ncane&quot;},
	[&quot;ncs&quot;] = {&quot;Nicaraguan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nct&quot;] = {&quot;Chothe Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;ncu&quot;] = {&quot;Chumburung&quot;},
	[&quot;ncx&quot;] = {&quot;Central Puebla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;ncz&quot;] = {&quot;Natchez&quot;},
	[&quot;nda&quot;] = {&quot;Ndasa&quot;},
	[&quot;ndb&quot;] = {&quot;Kenswei Nsei&quot;},
	[&quot;ndc&quot;] = {&quot;Ndau&quot;},
	[&quot;ndd&quot;] = {&quot;Nde-Nsele-Nta&quot;},
	[&quot;nde&quot;] = {&quot;North Ndebele&quot;},
	[&quot;ndf&quot;] = {&quot;Nadruvian&quot;},
	[&quot;ndg&quot;] = {&quot;Ndengereko&quot;},
	[&quot;ndh&quot;] = {&quot;Ndali&quot;},
	[&quot;ndi&quot;] = {&quot;Samba Leko&quot;},
	[&quot;ndj&quot;] = {&quot;Ndamba&quot;},
	[&quot;ndk&quot;] = {&quot;Ndaka&quot;},
	[&quot;ndl&quot;] = {&quot;Ndolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ndm&quot;] = {&quot;Ndam&quot;},
	[&quot;ndn&quot;] = {&quot;Ngundi&quot;},
	[&quot;ndo&quot;] = {&quot;Ndonga&quot;},
	[&quot;ndp&quot;] = {&quot;Ndo&quot;},
	[&quot;ndq&quot;] = {&quot;Ndombe&quot;},
	[&quot;ndr&quot;] = {&quot;Ndoola&quot;},
	[&quot;nds&quot;] = {&quot;Low German&quot;, &quot;Low Saxon&quot;},
	[&quot;ndt&quot;] = {&quot;Ndunga&quot;},
	[&quot;ndu&quot;] = {&quot;Dugun&quot;},
	[&quot;ndv&quot;] = {&quot;Ndut&quot;},
	[&quot;ndw&quot;] = {&quot;Ndobo&quot;},
	[&quot;ndx&quot;] = {&quot;Nduga&quot;},
	[&quot;ndy&quot;] = {&quot;Lutos&quot;},
	[&quot;ndz&quot;] = {&quot;Ndogo&quot;},
	[&quot;nea&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Ngad'a&quot;},
	[&quot;neb&quot;] = {&quot;Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)&quot;},
	[&quot;nec&quot;] = {&quot;Nedebang&quot;},
	[&quot;ned&quot;] = {&quot;Nde-Gbite&quot;},
	[&quot;nee&quot;] = {&quot;Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak&quot;},
	[&quot;nef&quot;] = {&quot;Nefamese&quot;},
	[&quot;neg&quot;] = {&quot;Negidal&quot;},
	[&quot;neh&quot;] = {&quot;Nyenkha&quot;},
	[&quot;nei&quot;] = {&quot;Neo-Hittite&quot;},
	[&quot;nej&quot;] = {&quot;Neko&quot;},
	[&quot;nek&quot;] = {&quot;Neku&quot;},
	[&quot;nem&quot;] = {&quot;Nemi&quot;},
	[&quot;nen&quot;] = {&quot;Nengone&quot;},
	[&quot;neo&quot;] = {&quot;Ná-Meo&quot;},
	[&quot;nep&quot;] = {&quot;Nepali (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;neq&quot;] = {&quot;North Central Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;ner&quot;] = {&quot;Yahadian&quot;},
	[&quot;nes&quot;] = {&quot;Bhoti Kinnauri&quot;},
	[&quot;net&quot;] = {&quot;Nete&quot;},
	[&quot;neu&quot;] = {&quot;Neo&quot;},
	[&quot;nev&quot;] = {&quot;Nyaheun&quot;},
	[&quot;new&quot;] = {&quot;Nepal Bhasa&quot;, &quot;Newari&quot;},
	[&quot;nex&quot;] = {&quot;Neme&quot;},
	[&quot;ney&quot;] = {&quot;Neyo&quot;},
	[&quot;nez&quot;] = {&quot;Nez Perce&quot;},
	[&quot;nfa&quot;] = {&quot;Dhao&quot;},
	[&quot;nfd&quot;] = {&quot;Ahwai&quot;},
	[&quot;nfl&quot;] = {&quot;Äiwoo&quot;, &quot;Ayiwo&quot;},
	[&quot;nfr&quot;] = {&quot;Nafaanra&quot;},
	[&quot;nfu&quot;] = {&quot;Mfumte&quot;},
	[&quot;nga&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbaka&quot;},
	[&quot;ngb&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Ngbandi&quot;},
	[&quot;ngc&quot;] = {&quot;Ngombe (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;ngd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngando (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;nge&quot;] = {&quot;Ngemba&quot;},
	[&quot;ngg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbaka Manza&quot;},
	[&quot;ngh&quot;] = {&quot;N/u&quot;},
	[&quot;ngi&quot;] = {&quot;Ngizim&quot;},
	[&quot;ngj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngie&quot;},
	[&quot;ngk&quot;] = {&quot;Dalabon&quot;},
	[&quot;ngl&quot;] = {&quot;Lomwe&quot;},
	[&quot;ngm&quot;] = {&quot;Ngatik Men's Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;ngn&quot;] = {&quot;Ngwo&quot;},
	[&quot;ngo&quot;] = {&quot;Ngoni&quot;},
	[&quot;ngp&quot;] = {&quot;Ngulu&quot;},
	[&quot;ngq&quot;] = {&quot;Ngoreme&quot;, &quot;Ngurimi&quot;},
	[&quot;ngr&quot;] = {&quot;Engdewu&quot;},
	[&quot;ngs&quot;] = {&quot;Gvoko&quot;},
	[&quot;ngt&quot;] = {&quot;Kriang&quot;, &quot;Ngeq&quot;},
	[&quot;ngu&quot;] = {&quot;Guerrero Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;ngv&quot;] = {&quot;Nagumi&quot;},
	[&quot;ngw&quot;] = {&quot;Ngwaba&quot;},
	[&quot;ngx&quot;] = {&quot;Nggwahyi&quot;},
	[&quot;ngy&quot;] = {&quot;Tibea&quot;},
	[&quot;ngz&quot;] = {&quot;Ngungwel&quot;},
	[&quot;nha&quot;] = {&quot;Nhanda&quot;},
	[&quot;nhb&quot;] = {&quot;Beng&quot;},
	[&quot;nhc&quot;] = {&quot;Tabasco Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhd&quot;] = {&quot;Ava Guaraní&quot;, &quot;Chiripá&quot;},
	[&quot;nhe&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhf&quot;] = {&quot;Nhuwala&quot;},
	[&quot;nhg&quot;] = {&quot;Tetelcingo Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhh&quot;] = {&quot;Nahari&quot;},
	[&quot;nhi&quot;] = {&quot;Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhk&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhm&quot;] = {&quot;Morelos Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhn&quot;] = {&quot;Central Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nho&quot;] = {&quot;Takuu&quot;},
	[&quot;nhp&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhq&quot;] = {&quot;Huaxcaleca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhr&quot;] = {&quot;Naro&quot;},
	[&quot;nht&quot;] = {&quot;Ometepec Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhu&quot;] = {&quot;Noone&quot;},
	[&quot;nhv&quot;] = {&quot;Temascaltepec Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Huasteca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhx&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhy&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nhz&quot;] = {&quot;Santa María La Alta Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nia&quot;] = {&quot;Nias&quot;},
	[&quot;nib&quot;] = {&quot;Nakame&quot;},
	[&quot;nid&quot;] = {&quot;Ngandi&quot;},
	[&quot;nie&quot;] = {&quot;Niellim&quot;},
	[&quot;nif&quot;] = {&quot;Nek&quot;},
	[&quot;nig&quot;] = {&quot;Ngalakan&quot;},
	[&quot;nih&quot;] = {&quot;Nyiha (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;nii&quot;] = {&quot;Nii&quot;},
	[&quot;nij&quot;] = {&quot;Ngaju&quot;},
	[&quot;nik&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nicobarese&quot;},
	[&quot;nil&quot;] = {&quot;Nila&quot;},
	[&quot;nim&quot;] = {&quot;Nilamba&quot;},
	[&quot;nin&quot;] = {&quot;Ninzo&quot;},
	[&quot;nio&quot;] = {&quot;Nganasan&quot;},
	[&quot;niq&quot;] = {&quot;Nandi&quot;},
	[&quot;nir&quot;] = {&quot;Nimboran&quot;},
	[&quot;nis&quot;] = {&quot;Nimi&quot;},
	[&quot;nit&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Kolami&quot;},
	[&quot;niu&quot;] = {&quot;Niuean&quot;},
	[&quot;niv&quot;] = {&quot;Gilyak&quot;},
	[&quot;niw&quot;] = {&quot;Nimo&quot;},
	[&quot;nix&quot;] = {&quot;Hema&quot;},
	[&quot;niy&quot;] = {&quot;Ngiti&quot;},
	[&quot;niz&quot;] = {&quot;Ningil&quot;},
	[&quot;nja&quot;] = {&quot;Nzanyi&quot;},
	[&quot;njb&quot;] = {&quot;Nocte Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;njd&quot;] = {&quot;Ndonde Hamba&quot;},
	[&quot;njh&quot;] = {&quot;Lotha Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nji&quot;] = {&quot;Gudanji&quot;},
	[&quot;njj&quot;] = {&quot;Njen&quot;},
	[&quot;njl&quot;] = {&quot;Njalgulgule&quot;},
	[&quot;njm&quot;] = {&quot;Angami Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;njn&quot;] = {&quot;Liangmai Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;njo&quot;] = {&quot;Ao Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;njr&quot;] = {&quot;Njerep&quot;},
	[&quot;njs&quot;] = {&quot;Nisa&quot;},
	[&quot;njt&quot;] = {&quot;Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;nju&quot;] = {&quot;Ngadjunmaya&quot;},
	[&quot;njx&quot;] = {&quot;Kunyi&quot;},
	[&quot;njy&quot;] = {&quot;Njyem&quot;},
	[&quot;njz&quot;] = {&quot;Nyishi&quot;},
	[&quot;nka&quot;] = {&quot;Nkoya&quot;},
	[&quot;nkb&quot;] = {&quot;Khoibu Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nkc&quot;] = {&quot;Nkongho&quot;},
	[&quot;nkd&quot;] = {&quot;Koireng&quot;},
	[&quot;nke&quot;] = {&quot;Duke&quot;},
	[&quot;nkf&quot;] = {&quot;Inpui Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nkg&quot;] = {&quot;Nekgini&quot;},
	[&quot;nkh&quot;] = {&quot;Khezha Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nki&quot;] = {&quot;Thangal Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nkj&quot;] = {&quot;Nakai&quot;},
	[&quot;nkk&quot;] = {&quot;Nokuku&quot;},
	[&quot;nkm&quot;] = {&quot;Namat&quot;},
	[&quot;nkn&quot;] = {&quot;Nkangala&quot;},
	[&quot;nko&quot;] = {&quot;Nkonya&quot;},
	[&quot;nkp&quot;] = {&quot;Niuatoputapu&quot;},
	[&quot;nkq&quot;] = {&quot;Nkami&quot;},
	[&quot;nkr&quot;] = {&quot;Nukuoro&quot;},
	[&quot;nks&quot;] = {&quot;North Asmat&quot;},
	[&quot;nkt&quot;] = {&quot;Nyika (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;nku&quot;] = {&quot;Bouna Kulango&quot;},
	[&quot;nkv&quot;] = {&quot;Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)&quot;},
	[&quot;nkw&quot;] = {&quot;Nkutu&quot;},
	[&quot;nkx&quot;] = {&quot;Nkoroo&quot;},
	[&quot;nkz&quot;] = {&quot;Nkari&quot;},
	[&quot;nla&quot;] = {&quot;Ngombale&quot;},
	[&quot;nlc&quot;] = {&quot;Nalca&quot;},
	[&quot;nld&quot;] = {&quot;Dutch&quot;, &quot;Flemish&quot;},
	[&quot;nle&quot;] = {&quot;East Nyala&quot;},
	[&quot;nlg&quot;] = {&quot;Gela&quot;},
	[&quot;nli&quot;] = {&quot;Grangali&quot;},
	[&quot;nlj&quot;] = {&quot;Nyali&quot;},
	[&quot;nlk&quot;] = {&quot;Ninia Yali&quot;},
	[&quot;nll&quot;] = {&quot;Nihali&quot;},
	[&quot;nlm&quot;] = {&quot;Mankiyali&quot;},
	[&quot;nlo&quot;] = {&quot;Ngul&quot;},
	[&quot;nlq&quot;] = {&quot;Lao Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nlu&quot;] = {&quot;Nchumbulu&quot;},
	[&quot;nlv&quot;] = {&quot;Orizaba Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nlw&quot;] = {&quot;Walangama&quot;},
	[&quot;nlx&quot;] = {&quot;Nahali&quot;},
	[&quot;nly&quot;] = {&quot;Nyamal&quot;},
	[&quot;nlz&quot;] = {&quot;Nalögo&quot;},
	[&quot;nma&quot;] = {&quot;Maram Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nmb&quot;] = {&quot;Big Nambas&quot;, &quot;V'ënen Taut&quot;},
	[&quot;nmc&quot;] = {&quot;Ngam&quot;},
	[&quot;nmd&quot;] = {&quot;Ndumu&quot;},
	[&quot;nme&quot;] = {&quot;Mzieme Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nmf&quot;] = {&quot;Tangkhul Naga (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;nmg&quot;] = {&quot;Kwasio&quot;},
	[&quot;nmh&quot;] = {&quot;Monsang Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nmi&quot;] = {&quot;Nyam&quot;},
	[&quot;nmj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngombe (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;nmk&quot;] = {&quot;Namakura&quot;},
	[&quot;nml&quot;] = {&quot;Ndemli&quot;},
	[&quot;nmm&quot;] = {&quot;Manangba&quot;},
	[&quot;nmn&quot;] = {&quot;!Xóõ&quot;},
	[&quot;nmo&quot;] = {&quot;Moyon Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nmp&quot;] = {&quot;Nimanbur&quot;},
	[&quot;nmq&quot;] = {&quot;Nambya&quot;},
	[&quot;nmr&quot;] = {&quot;Nimbari&quot;},
	[&quot;nms&quot;] = {&quot;Letemboi&quot;},
	[&quot;nmt&quot;] = {&quot;Namonuito&quot;},
	[&quot;nmu&quot;] = {&quot;Northeast Maidu&quot;},
	[&quot;nmv&quot;] = {&quot;Ngamini&quot;},
	[&quot;nmw&quot;] = {&quot;Nimoa&quot;, &quot;Rifao&quot;},
	[&quot;nmx&quot;] = {&quot;Nama (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;nmy&quot;] = {&quot;Namuyi&quot;},
	[&quot;nmz&quot;] = {&quot;Nawdm&quot;},
	[&quot;nna&quot;] = {&quot;Nyangumarta&quot;},
	[&quot;nnb&quot;] = {&quot;Nande&quot;},
	[&quot;nnc&quot;] = {&quot;Nancere&quot;},
	[&quot;nnd&quot;] = {&quot;West Ambae&quot;},
	[&quot;nne&quot;] = {&quot;Ngandyera&quot;},
	[&quot;nnf&quot;] = {&quot;Ngaing&quot;},
	[&quot;nng&quot;] = {&quot;Maring Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nnh&quot;] = {&quot;Ngiemboon&quot;},
	[&quot;nni&quot;] = {&quot;North Nuaulu&quot;},
	[&quot;nnj&quot;] = {&quot;Nyangatom&quot;},
	[&quot;nnk&quot;] = {&quot;Nankina&quot;},
	[&quot;nnl&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Rengma Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nnm&quot;] = {&quot;Namia&quot;},
	[&quot;nnn&quot;] = {&quot;Ngete&quot;},
	[&quot;nno&quot;] = {&quot;Norwegian Nynorsk&quot;},
	[&quot;nnp&quot;] = {&quot;Wancho Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nnq&quot;] = {&quot;Ngindo&quot;},
	[&quot;nnr&quot;] = {&quot;Narungga&quot;},
	[&quot;nns&quot;] = {&quot;Ningye&quot;},
	[&quot;nnt&quot;] = {&quot;Nanticoke&quot;},
	[&quot;nnu&quot;] = {&quot;Dwang&quot;},
	[&quot;nnv&quot;] = {&quot;Nugunu (Australia)&quot;},
	[&quot;nnw&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nuni&quot;},
	[&quot;nny&quot;] = {&quot;Nyangga&quot;},
	[&quot;nnz&quot;] = {&quot;Nda'nda'&quot;},
	[&quot;noa&quot;] = {&quot;Woun Meu&quot;},
	[&quot;nob&quot;] = {&quot;Norwegian Bokmål&quot;},
	[&quot;noc&quot;] = {&quot;Nuk&quot;},
	[&quot;nod&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;noe&quot;] = {&quot;Nimadi&quot;},
	[&quot;nof&quot;] = {&quot;Nomane&quot;},
	[&quot;nog&quot;] = {&quot;Nogai&quot;},
	[&quot;noh&quot;] = {&quot;Nomu&quot;},
	[&quot;noi&quot;] = {&quot;Noiri&quot;},
	[&quot;noj&quot;] = {&quot;Nonuya&quot;},
	[&quot;nok&quot;] = {&quot;Nooksack&quot;},
	[&quot;nol&quot;] = {&quot;Nomlaki&quot;},
	[&quot;nom&quot;] = {&quot;Nocamán&quot;},
	[&quot;non&quot;] = {&quot;Old Norse&quot;},
	[&quot;nop&quot;] = {&quot;Numanggang&quot;},
	[&quot;noq&quot;] = {&quot;Ngongo&quot;},
	[&quot;nor&quot;] = {&quot;Norwegian&quot;},
	[&quot;nos&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;not&quot;] = {&quot;Nomatsiguenga&quot;},
	[&quot;nou&quot;] = {&quot;Ewage-Notu&quot;},
	[&quot;nov&quot;] = {&quot;Novial&quot;},
	[&quot;now&quot;] = {&quot;Nyambo&quot;},
	[&quot;noy&quot;] = {&quot;Noy&quot;},
	[&quot;noz&quot;] = {&quot;Nayi&quot;},
	[&quot;npa&quot;] = {&quot;Nar Phu&quot;},
	[&quot;npb&quot;] = {&quot;Nupbikha&quot;},
	[&quot;npg&quot;] = {&quot;Ponyo-Gongwang Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nph&quot;] = {&quot;Phom Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;npi&quot;] = {&quot;Nepali (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;npl&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;npn&quot;] = {&quot;Mondropolon&quot;},
	[&quot;npo&quot;] = {&quot;Pochuri Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nps&quot;] = {&quot;Nipsan&quot;},
	[&quot;npu&quot;] = {&quot;Puimei Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;npx&quot;] = {&quot;Noipx&quot;},
	[&quot;npy&quot;] = {&quot;Napu&quot;},
	[&quot;nqg&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nago&quot;},
	[&quot;nqk&quot;] = {&quot;Kura Ede Nago&quot;},
	[&quot;nql&quot;] = {&quot;Ngendelengo&quot;},
	[&quot;nqm&quot;] = {&quot;Ndom&quot;},
	[&quot;nqn&quot;] = {&quot;Nen&quot;},
	[&quot;nqo&quot;] = {&quot;N'Ko&quot;},
	[&quot;nqq&quot;] = {&quot;Kyan-Karyaw Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nqy&quot;] = {&quot;Akyaung Ari Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nra&quot;] = {&quot;Ngom&quot;},
	[&quot;nrb&quot;] = {&quot;Nara&quot;},
	[&quot;nrc&quot;] = {&quot;Noric&quot;},
	[&quot;nre&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Rengma Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nrf&quot;] = {&quot;Guernésiais&quot;, &quot;Jèrriais&quot;},
	[&quot;nrg&quot;] = {&quot;Narango&quot;},
	[&quot;nri&quot;] = {&quot;Chokri Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nrk&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarla&quot;},
	[&quot;nrl&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarluma&quot;},
	[&quot;nrm&quot;] = {&quot;Narom&quot;},
	[&quot;nrn&quot;] = {&quot;Norn&quot;},
	[&quot;nrp&quot;] = {&quot;North Picene&quot;},
	[&quot;nrr&quot;] = {&quot;Nora&quot;, &quot;Norra&quot;},
	[&quot;nrt&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Kalapuya&quot;},
	[&quot;nru&quot;] = {&quot;Narua&quot;},
	[&quot;nrx&quot;] = {&quot;Ngurmbur&quot;},
	[&quot;nrz&quot;] = {&quot;Lala&quot;},
	[&quot;nsa&quot;] = {&quot;Sangtam Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nsc&quot;] = {&quot;Nshi&quot;},
	[&quot;nsd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;nse&quot;] = {&quot;Nsenga&quot;},
	[&quot;nsf&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;nsg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngasa&quot;},
	[&quot;nsh&quot;] = {&quot;Ngoshie&quot;},
	[&quot;nsi&quot;] = {&quot;Nigerian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nsk&quot;] = {&quot;Naskapi&quot;},
	[&quot;nsl&quot;] = {&quot;Norwegian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nsm&quot;] = {&quot;Sumi Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nsn&quot;] = {&quot;Nehan&quot;},
	[&quot;nso&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Sotho&quot;, &quot;Pedi&quot;, &quot;Sepedi&quot;},
	[&quot;nsp&quot;] = {&quot;Nepalese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nsq&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Sierra Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;nsr&quot;] = {&quot;Maritime Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nss&quot;] = {&quot;Nali&quot;},
	[&quot;nst&quot;] = {&quot;Tase Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nsu&quot;] = {&quot;Sierra Negra Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nsv&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;nsw&quot;] = {&quot;Navut&quot;},
	[&quot;nsx&quot;] = {&quot;Nsongo&quot;},
	[&quot;nsy&quot;] = {&quot;Nasal&quot;},
	[&quot;nsz&quot;] = {&quot;Nisenan&quot;},
	[&quot;ntd&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tidung&quot;},
	[&quot;nte&quot;] = {&quot;Nathembo&quot;},
	[&quot;ntg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngantangarra&quot;},
	[&quot;nti&quot;] = {&quot;Natioro&quot;},
	[&quot;ntj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngaanyatjarra&quot;},
	[&quot;ntk&quot;] = {&quot;Ikoma-Nata-Isenye&quot;},
	[&quot;ntm&quot;] = {&quot;Nateni&quot;},
	[&quot;nto&quot;] = {&quot;Ntomba&quot;},
	[&quot;ntp&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tepehuan&quot;},
	[&quot;ntr&quot;] = {&quot;Delo&quot;},
	[&quot;ntu&quot;] = {&quot;Natügu&quot;},
	[&quot;ntw&quot;] = {&quot;Nottoway&quot;},
	[&quot;ntx&quot;] = {&quot;Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)&quot;},
	[&quot;nty&quot;] = {&quot;Mantsi&quot;},
	[&quot;ntz&quot;] = {&quot;Natanzi&quot;},
	[&quot;nua&quot;] = {&quot;Yuanga&quot;},
	[&quot;nuc&quot;] = {&quot;Nukuini&quot;},
	[&quot;nud&quot;] = {&quot;Ngala&quot;},
	[&quot;nue&quot;] = {&quot;Ngundu&quot;},
	[&quot;nuf&quot;] = {&quot;Nusu&quot;},
	[&quot;nug&quot;] = {&quot;Nungali&quot;},
	[&quot;nuh&quot;] = {&quot;Ndunda&quot;},
	[&quot;nui&quot;] = {&quot;Ngumbi&quot;},
	[&quot;nuj&quot;] = {&quot;Nyole&quot;},
	[&quot;nuk&quot;] = {&quot;Nuuchahnulth&quot;, &quot;Nuu-chah-nulth&quot;},
	[&quot;nul&quot;] = {&quot;Nusa Laut&quot;},
	[&quot;num&quot;] = {&quot;Niuafo'ou&quot;},
	[&quot;nun&quot;] = {&quot;Anong&quot;},
	[&quot;nuo&quot;] = {&quot;Nguôn&quot;},
	[&quot;nup&quot;] = {&quot;Nupe-Nupe-Tako&quot;},
	[&quot;nuq&quot;] = {&quot;Nukumanu&quot;},
	[&quot;nur&quot;] = {&quot;Nukuria&quot;},
	[&quot;nus&quot;] = {&quot;Nuer&quot;},
	[&quot;nut&quot;] = {&quot;Nung (Viet Nam)&quot;},
	[&quot;nuu&quot;] = {&quot;Ngbundu&quot;},
	[&quot;nuv&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Nuni&quot;},
	[&quot;nuw&quot;] = {&quot;Nguluwan&quot;},
	[&quot;nux&quot;] = {&quot;Mehek&quot;},
	[&quot;nuy&quot;] = {&quot;Nunggubuyu&quot;},
	[&quot;nuz&quot;] = {&quot;Tlamacazapa Nahuatl&quot;},
	[&quot;nvh&quot;] = {&quot;Nasarian&quot;},
	[&quot;nvm&quot;] = {&quot;Namiae&quot;},
	[&quot;nvo&quot;] = {&quot;Nyokon&quot;},
	[&quot;nwa&quot;] = {&quot;Nawathinehena&quot;},
	[&quot;nwb&quot;] = {&quot;Nyabwa&quot;},
	[&quot;nwc&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Nepal Bhasa&quot;, &quot;Classical Newari&quot;, &quot;Old Newari&quot;},
	[&quot;nwe&quot;] = {&quot;Ngwe&quot;},
	[&quot;nwg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngayawung&quot;},
	[&quot;nwi&quot;] = {&quot;Southwest Tanna&quot;},
	[&quot;nwm&quot;] = {&quot;Nyamusa-Molo&quot;},
	[&quot;nwo&quot;] = {&quot;Nauo&quot;},
	[&quot;nwr&quot;] = {&quot;Nawaru&quot;},
	[&quot;nwx&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Newar&quot;},
	[&quot;nwy&quot;] = {&quot;Nottoway-Meherrin&quot;},
	[&quot;nxa&quot;] = {&quot;Nauete&quot;},
	[&quot;nxd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngando (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;nxe&quot;] = {&quot;Nage&quot;},
	[&quot;nxg&quot;] = {&quot;Ngad'a&quot;},
	[&quot;nxi&quot;] = {&quot;Nindi&quot;},
	[&quot;nxk&quot;] = {&quot;Koki Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nxl&quot;] = {&quot;South Nuaulu&quot;},
	[&quot;nxm&quot;] = {&quot;Numidian&quot;},
	[&quot;nxn&quot;] = {&quot;Ngawun&quot;},
	[&quot;nxo&quot;] = {&quot;Ndambomo&quot;},
	[&quot;nxq&quot;] = {&quot;Naxi&quot;},
	[&quot;nxr&quot;] = {&quot;Ninggerum&quot;},
	[&quot;nxu&quot;] = {&quot;Narau&quot;},
	[&quot;nxx&quot;] = {&quot;Nafri&quot;},
	[&quot;nya&quot;] = {&quot;Chewa&quot;, &quot;Chichewa&quot;, &quot;Nyanja&quot;},
	[&quot;nyb&quot;] = {&quot;Nyangbo&quot;},
	[&quot;nyc&quot;] = {&quot;Nyanga-li&quot;},
	[&quot;nyd&quot;] = {&quot;Nyore&quot;, &quot;Olunyole&quot;},
	[&quot;nye&quot;] = {&quot;Nyengo&quot;},
	[&quot;nyf&quot;] = {&quot;Giryama&quot;, &quot;Kigiryama&quot;},
	[&quot;nyg&quot;] = {&quot;Nyindu&quot;},
	[&quot;nyh&quot;] = {&quot;Nyigina&quot;},
	[&quot;nyi&quot;] = {&quot;Ama (Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;nyj&quot;] = {&quot;Nyanga&quot;},
	[&quot;nyk&quot;] = {&quot;Nyaneka&quot;},
	[&quot;nyl&quot;] = {&quot;Nyeu&quot;},
	[&quot;nym&quot;] = {&quot;Nyamwezi&quot;},
	[&quot;nyn&quot;] = {&quot;Nyankole&quot;},
	[&quot;nyo&quot;] = {&quot;Nyoro&quot;},
	[&quot;nyp&quot;] = {&quot;Nyang'i&quot;},
	[&quot;nyq&quot;] = {&quot;Nayini&quot;},
	[&quot;nyr&quot;] = {&quot;Nyiha (Malawi)&quot;},
	[&quot;nys&quot;] = {&quot;Nyunga&quot;},
	[&quot;nyt&quot;] = {&quot;Nyawaygi&quot;},
	[&quot;nyu&quot;] = {&quot;Nyungwe&quot;},
	[&quot;nyv&quot;] = {&quot;Nyulnyul&quot;},
	[&quot;nyw&quot;] = {&quot;Nyaw&quot;},
	[&quot;nyx&quot;] = {&quot;Nganyaywana&quot;},
	[&quot;nyy&quot;] = {&quot;Nyakyusa-Ngonde&quot;},
	[&quot;nza&quot;] = {&quot;Tigon Mbembe&quot;},
	[&quot;nzb&quot;] = {&quot;Njebi&quot;},
	[&quot;nzd&quot;] = {&quot;Nzadi&quot;},
	[&quot;nzi&quot;] = {&quot;Nzima&quot;},
	[&quot;nzk&quot;] = {&quot;Nzakara&quot;},
	[&quot;nzm&quot;] = {&quot;Zeme Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;nzs&quot;] = {&quot;New Zealand Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;nzu&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Nzikou&quot;},
	[&quot;nzy&quot;] = {&quot;Nzakambay&quot;},
	[&quot;nzz&quot;] = {&quot;Nanga Dama Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;oaa&quot;] = {&quot;Orok&quot;},
	[&quot;oac&quot;] = {&quot;Oroch&quot;},
	[&quot;oar&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)&quot;, &quot;Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)&quot;},
	[&quot;oav&quot;] = {&quot;Old Avar&quot;},
	[&quot;obi&quot;] = {&quot;Obispeño&quot;},
	[&quot;obk&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = {&quot;Oblo&quot;},
	[&quot;obm&quot;] = {&quot;Moabite&quot;},
	[&quot;obo&quot;] = {&quot;Obo Manobo&quot;},
	[&quot;obr&quot;] = {&quot;Old Burmese&quot;},
	[&quot;obt&quot;] = {&quot;Old Breton&quot;},
	[&quot;obu&quot;] = {&quot;Obulom&quot;},
	[&quot;oca&quot;] = {&quot;Ocaina&quot;},
	[&quot;och&quot;] = {&quot;Old Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;oci&quot;] = {&quot;Occitan (post 1500)&quot;},
	[&quot;oco&quot;] = {&quot;Old Cornish&quot;},
	[&quot;ocu&quot;] = {&quot;Atzingo Matlatzinca&quot;},
	[&quot;oda&quot;] = {&quot;Odut&quot;},
	[&quot;odk&quot;] = {&quot;Od&quot;},
	[&quot;odt&quot;] = {&quot;Old Dutch&quot;},
	[&quot;odu&quot;] = {&quot;Odual&quot;},
	[&quot;ofo&quot;] = {&quot;Ofo&quot;},
	[&quot;ofs&quot;] = {&quot;Old Frisian&quot;},
	[&quot;ofu&quot;] = {&quot;Efutop&quot;},
	[&quot;ogb&quot;] = {&quot;Ogbia&quot;},
	[&quot;ogc&quot;] = {&quot;Ogbah&quot;},
	[&quot;oge&quot;] = {&quot;Old Georgian&quot;},
	[&quot;ogg&quot;] = {&quot;Ogbogolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ogo&quot;] = {&quot;Khana&quot;},
	[&quot;ogu&quot;] = {&quot;Ogbronuagum&quot;},
	[&quot;oht&quot;] = {&quot;Old Hittite&quot;},
	[&quot;ohu&quot;] = {&quot;Old Hungarian&quot;},
	[&quot;oia&quot;] = {&quot;Oirata&quot;},
	[&quot;oin&quot;] = {&quot;Inebu One&quot;},
	[&quot;ojb&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ojc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ojg&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;oji&quot;] = {&quot;Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ojp&quot;] = {&quot;Old Japanese&quot;},
	[&quot;ojs&quot;] = {&quot;Severn Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ojv&quot;] = {&quot;Ontong Java&quot;},
	[&quot;ojw&quot;] = {&quot;Western Ojibwa&quot;},
	[&quot;oka&quot;] = {&quot;Okanagan&quot;},
	[&quot;okb&quot;] = {&quot;Okobo&quot;},
	[&quot;okd&quot;] = {&quot;Okodia&quot;},
	[&quot;oke&quot;] = {&quot;Okpe (Southwestern Edo)&quot;},
	[&quot;okg&quot;] = {&quot;Koko Babangk&quot;},
	[&quot;okh&quot;] = {&quot;Koresh-e Rostam&quot;},
	[&quot;oki&quot;] = {&quot;Okiek&quot;},
	[&quot;okj&quot;] = {&quot;Oko-Juwoi&quot;},
	[&quot;okk&quot;] = {&quot;Kwamtim One&quot;},
	[&quot;okl&quot;] = {&quot;Old Kentish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;okm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Korean (10th-16th cent.)&quot;},
	[&quot;okn&quot;] = {&quot;Oki-No-Erabu&quot;},
	[&quot;oko&quot;] = {&quot;Old Korean (3rd-9th cent.)&quot;},
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = {&quot;Kirike&quot;},
	[&quot;oks&quot;] = {&quot;Oko-Eni-Osayen&quot;},
	[&quot;oku&quot;] = {&quot;Oku&quot;},
	[&quot;okv&quot;] = {&quot;Orokaiva&quot;},
	[&quot;okx&quot;] = {&quot;Okpe (Northwestern Edo)&quot;},
	[&quot;ola&quot;] = {&quot;Walungge&quot;},
	[&quot;old&quot;] = {&quot;Mochi&quot;},
	[&quot;ole&quot;] = {&quot;Olekha&quot;},
	[&quot;olk&quot;] = {&quot;Olkol&quot;},
	[&quot;olm&quot;] = {&quot;Oloma&quot;},
	[&quot;olo&quot;] = {&quot;Livvi&quot;},
	[&quot;olr&quot;] = {&quot;Olrat&quot;},
	[&quot;olt&quot;] = {&quot;Old Lithuanian&quot;},
	[&quot;olu&quot;] = {&quot;Kuvale&quot;},
	[&quot;oma&quot;] = {&quot;Omaha-Ponca&quot;},
	[&quot;omb&quot;] = {&quot;East Ambae&quot;},
	[&quot;omc&quot;] = {&quot;Mochica&quot;},
	[&quot;omg&quot;] = {&quot;Omagua&quot;},
	[&quot;omi&quot;] = {&quot;Omi&quot;},
	[&quot;omk&quot;] = {&quot;Omok&quot;},
	[&quot;oml&quot;] = {&quot;Ombo&quot;},
	[&quot;omn&quot;] = {&quot;Minoan&quot;},
	[&quot;omo&quot;] = {&quot;Utarmbung&quot;},
	[&quot;omp&quot;] = {&quot;Old Manipuri&quot;},
	[&quot;omr&quot;] = {&quot;Old Marathi&quot;},
	[&quot;omt&quot;] = {&quot;Omotik&quot;},
	[&quot;omu&quot;] = {&quot;Omurano&quot;},
	[&quot;omw&quot;] = {&quot;South Tairora&quot;},
	[&quot;omx&quot;] = {&quot;Old Mon&quot;},
	[&quot;ona&quot;] = {&quot;Ona&quot;},
	[&quot;onb&quot;] = {&quot;Lingao&quot;},
	[&quot;one&quot;] = {&quot;Oneida&quot;},
	[&quot;ong&quot;] = {&quot;Olo&quot;},
	[&quot;oni&quot;] = {&quot;Onin&quot;},
	[&quot;onj&quot;] = {&quot;Onjob&quot;},
	[&quot;onk&quot;] = {&quot;Kabore One&quot;},
	[&quot;onn&quot;] = {&quot;Onobasulu&quot;},
	[&quot;ono&quot;] = {&quot;Onondaga&quot;},
	[&quot;onp&quot;] = {&quot;Sartang&quot;},
	[&quot;onr&quot;] = {&quot;Northern One&quot;},
	[&quot;ons&quot;] = {&quot;Ono&quot;},
	[&quot;ont&quot;] = {&quot;Ontenu&quot;},
	[&quot;onu&quot;] = {&quot;Unua&quot;},
	[&quot;onw&quot;] = {&quot;Old Nubian&quot;},
	[&quot;onx&quot;] = {&quot;Onin Based Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;ood&quot;] = {&quot;Tohono O'odham&quot;},
	[&quot;oog&quot;] = {&quot;Ong&quot;},
	[&quot;oon&quot;] = {&quot;Önge&quot;},
	[&quot;oor&quot;] = {&quot;Oorlams&quot;},
	[&quot;oos&quot;] = {&quot;Old Ossetic&quot;},
	[&quot;opa&quot;] = {&quot;Okpamheri&quot;},
	[&quot;opk&quot;] = {&quot;Kopkaka&quot;},
	[&quot;opm&quot;] = {&quot;Oksapmin&quot;},
	[&quot;opo&quot;] = {&quot;Opao&quot;},
	[&quot;opt&quot;] = {&quot;Opata&quot;},
	[&quot;opy&quot;] = {&quot;Ofayé&quot;},
	[&quot;ora&quot;] = {&quot;Oroha&quot;},
	[&quot;orc&quot;] = {&quot;Orma&quot;},
	[&quot;ore&quot;] = {&quot;Orejón&quot;},
	[&quot;org&quot;] = {&quot;Oring&quot;},
	[&quot;orh&quot;] = {&quot;Oroqen&quot;},
	[&quot;ori&quot;] = {&quot;Oriya (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;orm&quot;] = {&quot;Oromo&quot;},
	[&quot;orn&quot;] = {&quot;Orang Kanaq&quot;},
	[&quot;oro&quot;] = {&quot;Orokolo&quot;},
	[&quot;orr&quot;] = {&quot;Oruma&quot;},
	[&quot;ors&quot;] = {&quot;Orang Seletar&quot;},
	[&quot;ort&quot;] = {&quot;Adivasi Oriya&quot;},
	[&quot;oru&quot;] = {&quot;Ormuri&quot;},
	[&quot;orv&quot;] = {&quot;Old Russian&quot;},
	[&quot;orw&quot;] = {&quot;Oro Win&quot;},
	[&quot;orx&quot;] = {&quot;Oro&quot;},
	[&quot;ory&quot;] = {&quot;Odia&quot;, &quot;Oriya (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;orz&quot;] = {&quot;Ormu&quot;},
	[&quot;osa&quot;] = {&quot;Osage&quot;},
	[&quot;osc&quot;] = {&quot;Oscan&quot;},
	[&quot;osi&quot;] = {&quot;Osing&quot;},
	[&quot;oso&quot;] = {&quot;Ososo&quot;},
	[&quot;osp&quot;] = {&quot;Old Spanish&quot;},
	[&quot;oss&quot;] = {&quot;Ossetian&quot;, &quot;Ossetic&quot;},
	[&quot;ost&quot;] = {&quot;Osatu&quot;},
	[&quot;osu&quot;] = {&quot;Southern One&quot;},
	[&quot;osx&quot;] = {&quot;Old Saxon&quot;},
	[&quot;ota&quot;] = {&quot;Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)&quot;},
	[&quot;otb&quot;] = {&quot;Old Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;otd&quot;] = {&quot;Ot Danum&quot;},
	[&quot;ote&quot;] = {&quot;Mezquital Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;oti&quot;] = {&quot;Oti&quot;},
	[&quot;otk&quot;] = {&quot;Old Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;otl&quot;] = {&quot;Tilapa Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;otm&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Highland Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;otn&quot;] = {&quot;Tenango Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;otq&quot;] = {&quot;Querétaro Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;otr&quot;] = {&quot;Otoro&quot;},
	[&quot;ots&quot;] = {&quot;Estado de México Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;ott&quot;] = {&quot;Temoaya Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;otu&quot;] = {&quot;Otuke&quot;},
	[&quot;otw&quot;] = {&quot;Ottawa&quot;},
	[&quot;otx&quot;] = {&quot;Texcatepec Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;oty&quot;] = {&quot;Old Tamil&quot;},
	[&quot;otz&quot;] = {&quot;Ixtenco Otomi&quot;},
	[&quot;oua&quot;] = {&quot;Tagargrent&quot;},
	[&quot;oub&quot;] = {&quot;Glio-Oubi&quot;},
	[&quot;oue&quot;] = {&quot;Oune&quot;},
	[&quot;oui&quot;] = {&quot;Old Uighur&quot;},
	[&quot;oum&quot;] = {&quot;Ouma&quot;},
	[&quot;ovd&quot;] = {&quot;Elfdalian&quot;, &quot;Övdalian&quot;},
	[&quot;owi&quot;] = {&quot;Owiniga&quot;},
	[&quot;owl&quot;] = {&quot;Old Welsh&quot;},
	[&quot;oyb&quot;] = {&quot;Oy&quot;},
	[&quot;oyd&quot;] = {&quot;Oyda&quot;},
	[&quot;oym&quot;] = {&quot;Wayampi&quot;},
	[&quot;oyy&quot;] = {&quot;Oya'oya&quot;},
	[&quot;ozm&quot;] = {&quot;Koonzime&quot;},
	[&quot;pab&quot;] = {&quot;Parecís&quot;},
	[&quot;pac&quot;] = {&quot;Pacoh&quot;},
	[&quot;pad&quot;] = {&quot;Paumarí&quot;},
	[&quot;pae&quot;] = {&quot;Pagibete&quot;},
	[&quot;paf&quot;] = {&quot;Paranawát&quot;},
	[&quot;pag&quot;] = {&quot;Pangasinan&quot;},
	[&quot;pah&quot;] = {&quot;Tenharim&quot;},
	[&quot;pai&quot;] = {&quot;Pe&quot;},
	[&quot;pak&quot;] = {&quot;Parakanã&quot;},
	[&quot;pal&quot;] = {&quot;Pahlavi&quot;},
	[&quot;pam&quot;] = {&quot;Kapampangan&quot;, &quot;Pampanga&quot;},
	[&quot;pan&quot;] = {&quot;Panjabi&quot;, &quot;Punjabi&quot;},
	[&quot;pao&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Paiute&quot;},
	[&quot;pap&quot;] = {&quot;Papiamento&quot;},
	[&quot;paq&quot;] = {&quot;Parya&quot;},
	[&quot;par&quot;] = {&quot;Panamint&quot;, &quot;Timbisha&quot;},
	[&quot;pas&quot;] = {&quot;Papasena&quot;},
	[&quot;pat&quot;] = {&quot;Papitalai&quot;},
	[&quot;pau&quot;] = {&quot;Palauan&quot;},
	[&quot;pav&quot;] = {&quot;Pakaásnovos&quot;},
	[&quot;paw&quot;] = {&quot;Pawnee&quot;},
	[&quot;pax&quot;] = {&quot;Pankararé&quot;},
	[&quot;pay&quot;] = {&quot;Pech&quot;},
	[&quot;paz&quot;] = {&quot;Pankararú&quot;},
	[&quot;pbb&quot;] = {&quot;Páez&quot;},
	[&quot;pbc&quot;] = {&quot;Patamona&quot;},
	[&quot;pbe&quot;] = {&quot;Mezontla Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pbf&quot;] = {&quot;Coyotepec Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pbg&quot;] = {&quot;Paraujano&quot;},
	[&quot;pbh&quot;] = {&quot;E'ñapa Woromaipu&quot;},
	[&quot;pbi&quot;] = {&quot;Parkwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pbl&quot;] = {&quot;Mak (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;pbm&quot;] = {&quot;Puebla Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;pbn&quot;] = {&quot;Kpasam&quot;},
	[&quot;pbo&quot;] = {&quot;Papel&quot;},
	[&quot;pbp&quot;] = {&quot;Badyara&quot;},
	[&quot;pbr&quot;] = {&quot;Pangwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pbs&quot;] = {&quot;Central Pame&quot;},
	[&quot;pbt&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pashto&quot;},
	[&quot;pbu&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pashto&quot;},
	[&quot;pbv&quot;] = {&quot;Pnar&quot;},
	[&quot;pby&quot;] = {&quot;Pyu (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;pca&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pcb&quot;] = {&quot;Pear&quot;},
	[&quot;pcc&quot;] = {&quot;Bouyei&quot;},
	[&quot;pcd&quot;] = {&quot;Picard&quot;},
	[&quot;pce&quot;] = {&quot;Ruching Palaung&quot;},
	[&quot;pcf&quot;] = {&quot;Paliyan&quot;},
	[&quot;pcg&quot;] = {&quot;Paniya&quot;},
	[&quot;pch&quot;] = {&quot;Pardhan&quot;},
	[&quot;pci&quot;] = {&quot;Duruwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pcj&quot;] = {&quot;Parenga&quot;},
	[&quot;pck&quot;] = {&quot;Paite Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;pcl&quot;] = {&quot;Pardhi&quot;},
	[&quot;pcm&quot;] = {&quot;Nigerian Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;pcn&quot;] = {&quot;Piti&quot;},
	[&quot;pcp&quot;] = {&quot;Pacahuara&quot;},
	[&quot;pcw&quot;] = {&quot;Pyapun&quot;},
	[&quot;pda&quot;] = {&quot;Anam&quot;},
	[&quot;pdc&quot;] = {&quot;Pennsylvania German&quot;},
	[&quot;pdi&quot;] = {&quot;Pa Di&quot;},
	[&quot;pdn&quot;] = {&quot;Fedan&quot;, &quot;Podena&quot;},
	[&quot;pdo&quot;] = {&quot;Padoe&quot;},
	[&quot;pdt&quot;] = {&quot;Plautdietsch&quot;},
	[&quot;pdu&quot;] = {&quot;Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;pea&quot;] = {&quot;Peranakan Indonesian&quot;},
	[&quot;peb&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;ped&quot;] = {&quot;Mala (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;pee&quot;] = {&quot;Taje&quot;},
	[&quot;pef&quot;] = {&quot;Northeastern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;peg&quot;] = {&quot;Pengo&quot;},
	[&quot;peh&quot;] = {&quot;Bonan&quot;},
	[&quot;pei&quot;] = {&quot;Chichimeca-Jonaz&quot;},
	[&quot;pej&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pek&quot;] = {&quot;Penchal&quot;},
	[&quot;pel&quot;] = {&quot;Pekal&quot;},
	[&quot;pem&quot;] = {&quot;Phende&quot;},
	[&quot;peo&quot;] = {&quot;Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)&quot;},
	[&quot;pep&quot;] = {&quot;Kunja&quot;},
	[&quot;peq&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pes&quot;] = {&quot;Iranian Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;pev&quot;] = {&quot;Pémono&quot;},
	[&quot;pex&quot;] = {&quot;Petats&quot;},
	[&quot;pey&quot;] = {&quot;Petjo&quot;},
	[&quot;pez&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Penan&quot;},
	[&quot;pfa&quot;] = {&quot;Pááfang&quot;},
	[&quot;pfe&quot;] = {&quot;Peere&quot;},
	[&quot;pfl&quot;] = {&quot;Pfaelzisch&quot;},
	[&quot;pga&quot;] = {&quot;Sudanese Creole Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;pgd&quot;] = {&quot;Gāndhārī&quot;},
	[&quot;pgg&quot;] = {&quot;Pangwali&quot;},
	[&quot;pgi&quot;] = {&quot;Pagi&quot;},
	[&quot;pgk&quot;] = {&quot;Rerep&quot;},
	[&quot;pgl&quot;] = {&quot;Primitive Irish&quot;},
	[&quot;pgn&quot;] = {&quot;Paelignian&quot;},
	[&quot;pgs&quot;] = {&quot;Pangseng&quot;},
	[&quot;pgu&quot;] = {&quot;Pagu&quot;},
	[&quot;pgz&quot;] = {&quot;Papua New Guinean Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;pha&quot;] = {&quot;Pa-Hng&quot;},
	[&quot;phd&quot;] = {&quot;Phudagi&quot;},
	[&quot;phg&quot;] = {&quot;Phuong&quot;},
	[&quot;phh&quot;] = {&quot;Phukha&quot;},
	[&quot;phk&quot;] = {&quot;Phake&quot;},
	[&quot;phl&quot;] = {&quot;Palula&quot;, &quot;Phalura&quot;},
	[&quot;phm&quot;] = {&quot;Phimbi&quot;},
	[&quot;phn&quot;] = {&quot;Phoenician&quot;},
	[&quot;pho&quot;] = {&quot;Phunoi&quot;},
	[&quot;phq&quot;] = {&quot;Phana'&quot;},
	[&quot;phr&quot;] = {&quot;Pahari-Potwari&quot;},
	[&quot;pht&quot;] = {&quot;Phu Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;phu&quot;] = {&quot;Phuan&quot;},
	[&quot;phv&quot;] = {&quot;Pahlavani&quot;},
	[&quot;phw&quot;] = {&quot;Phangduwali&quot;},
	[&quot;pia&quot;] = {&quot;Pima Bajo&quot;},
	[&quot;pib&quot;] = {&quot;Yine&quot;},
	[&quot;pic&quot;] = {&quot;Pinji&quot;},
	[&quot;pid&quot;] = {&quot;Piaroa&quot;},
	[&quot;pie&quot;] = {&quot;Piro&quot;},
	[&quot;pif&quot;] = {&quot;Pingelapese&quot;},
	[&quot;pig&quot;] = {&quot;Pisabo&quot;},
	[&quot;pih&quot;] = {&quot;Pitcairn-Norfolk&quot;},
	[&quot;pii&quot;] = {&quot;Pini&quot;},
	[&quot;pij&quot;] = {&quot;Pijao&quot;},
	[&quot;pil&quot;] = {&quot;Yom&quot;},
	[&quot;pim&quot;] = {&quot;Powhatan&quot;},
	[&quot;pin&quot;] = {&quot;Piame&quot;},
	[&quot;pio&quot;] = {&quot;Piapoco&quot;},
	[&quot;pip&quot;] = {&quot;Pero&quot;},
	[&quot;pir&quot;] = {&quot;Piratapuyo&quot;},
	[&quot;pis&quot;] = {&quot;Pijin&quot;},
	[&quot;pit&quot;] = {&quot;Pitta Pitta&quot;},
	[&quot;piu&quot;] = {&quot;Pintupi-Luritja&quot;},
	[&quot;piv&quot;] = {&quot;Pileni&quot;, &quot;Vaeakau-Taumako&quot;},
	[&quot;piw&quot;] = {&quot;Pimbwe&quot;},
	[&quot;pix&quot;] = {&quot;Piu&quot;},
	[&quot;piy&quot;] = {&quot;Piya-Kwonci&quot;},
	[&quot;piz&quot;] = {&quot;Pije&quot;},
	[&quot;pjt&quot;] = {&quot;Pitjantjatjara&quot;},
	[&quot;pka&quot;] = {&quot;Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit&quot;},
	[&quot;pkb&quot;] = {&quot;Kipfokomo&quot;, &quot;Pokomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pkc&quot;] = {&quot;Paekche&quot;},
	[&quot;pkg&quot;] = {&quot;Pak-Tong&quot;},
	[&quot;pkh&quot;] = {&quot;Pankhu&quot;},
	[&quot;pkn&quot;] = {&quot;Pakanha&quot;},
	[&quot;pko&quot;] = {&quot;Pökoot&quot;},
	[&quot;pkp&quot;] = {&quot;Pukapuka&quot;},
	[&quot;pkr&quot;] = {&quot;Attapady Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;pks&quot;] = {&quot;Pakistan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;pkt&quot;] = {&quot;Maleng&quot;},
	[&quot;pku&quot;] = {&quot;Paku&quot;},
	[&quot;pla&quot;] = {&quot;Miani&quot;},
	[&quot;plb&quot;] = {&quot;Polonombauk&quot;},
	[&quot;plc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Palawano&quot;},
	[&quot;pld&quot;] = {&quot;Polari&quot;},
	[&quot;ple&quot;] = {&quot;Palu'e&quot;},
	[&quot;plg&quot;] = {&quot;Pilagá&quot;},
	[&quot;plh&quot;] = {&quot;Paulohi&quot;},
	[&quot;pli&quot;] = {&quot;Pali&quot;},
	[&quot;plj&quot;] = {&quot;Polci&quot;},
	[&quot;plk&quot;] = {&quot;Kohistani Shina&quot;},
	[&quot;pll&quot;] = {&quot;Shwe Palaung&quot;},
	[&quot;pln&quot;] = {&quot;Palenquero&quot;},
	[&quot;plo&quot;] = {&quot;Oluta Popoluca&quot;},
	[&quot;plp&quot;] = {&quot;Palpa&quot;},
	[&quot;plq&quot;] = {&quot;Palaic&quot;},
	[&quot;plr&quot;] = {&quot;Palaka Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;pls&quot;] = {&quot;San Marcos Tlacoyalco Popoloca&quot;, &quot;San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;plt&quot;] = {&quot;Plateau Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;plu&quot;] = {&quot;Palikúr&quot;},
	[&quot;plv&quot;] = {&quot;Southwest Palawano&quot;},
	[&quot;plw&quot;] = {&quot;Brooke's Point Palawano&quot;},
	[&quot;ply&quot;] = {&quot;Bolyu&quot;},
	[&quot;plz&quot;] = {&quot;Paluan&quot;},
	[&quot;pma&quot;] = {&quot;Paama&quot;},
	[&quot;pmb&quot;] = {&quot;Pambia&quot;},
	[&quot;pmd&quot;] = {&quot;Pallanganmiddang&quot;},
	[&quot;pme&quot;] = {&quot;Pwaamei&quot;},
	[&quot;pmf&quot;] = {&quot;Pamona&quot;},
	[&quot;pmh&quot;] = {&quot;Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit&quot;},
	[&quot;pmi&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pumi&quot;},
	[&quot;pmj&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pumi&quot;},
	[&quot;pmk&quot;] = {&quot;Pamlico&quot;},
	[&quot;pml&quot;] = {&quot;Lingua Franca&quot;},
	[&quot;pmm&quot;] = {&quot;Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pmn&quot;] = {&quot;Pam&quot;},
	[&quot;pmo&quot;] = {&quot;Pom&quot;},
	[&quot;pmq&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pame&quot;},
	[&quot;pmr&quot;] = {&quot;Paynamar&quot;},
	[&quot;pms&quot;] = {&quot;Piemontese&quot;},
	[&quot;pmt&quot;] = {&quot;Tuamotuan&quot;},
	[&quot;pmw&quot;] = {&quot;Plains Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;pmx&quot;] = {&quot;Poumei Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;pmy&quot;] = {&quot;Papuan Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;pmz&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pame&quot;},
	[&quot;pna&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Bah-Biau&quot;},
	[&quot;pnb&quot;] = {&quot;Western Panjabi&quot;},
	[&quot;pnc&quot;] = {&quot;Pannei&quot;},
	[&quot;pne&quot;] = {&quot;Western Penan&quot;},
	[&quot;png&quot;] = {&quot;Pongu&quot;},
	[&quot;pnh&quot;] = {&quot;Penrhyn&quot;},
	[&quot;pni&quot;] = {&quot;Aoheng&quot;},
	[&quot;pnj&quot;] = {&quot;Pinjarup&quot;},
	[&quot;pnk&quot;] = {&quot;Paunaka&quot;},
	[&quot;pnl&quot;] = {&quot;Paleni&quot;},
	[&quot;pnm&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Batu 1&quot;},
	[&quot;pnn&quot;] = {&quot;Pinai-Hagahai&quot;},
	[&quot;pno&quot;] = {&quot;Panobo&quot;},
	[&quot;pnp&quot;] = {&quot;Pancana&quot;},
	[&quot;pnq&quot;] = {&quot;Pana (Burkina Faso)&quot;},
	[&quot;pnr&quot;] = {&quot;Panim&quot;},
	[&quot;pns&quot;] = {&quot;Ponosakan&quot;},
	[&quot;pnt&quot;] = {&quot;Pontic&quot;},
	[&quot;pnu&quot;] = {&quot;Jiongnai Bunu&quot;},
	[&quot;pnv&quot;] = {&quot;Pinigura&quot;},
	[&quot;pnw&quot;] = {&quot;Panytyima&quot;},
	[&quot;pnx&quot;] = {&quot;Phong-Kniang&quot;},
	[&quot;pny&quot;] = {&quot;Pinyin&quot;},
	[&quot;pnz&quot;] = {&quot;Pana (Central African Republic)&quot;},
	[&quot;poc&quot;] = {&quot;Poqomam&quot;},
	[&quot;poe&quot;] = {&quot;San Juan Atzingo Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pof&quot;] = {&quot;Poke&quot;},
	[&quot;pog&quot;] = {&quot;Potiguára&quot;},
	[&quot;poh&quot;] = {&quot;Poqomchi'&quot;},
	[&quot;poi&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Popoluca&quot;},
	[&quot;pok&quot;] = {&quot;Pokangá&quot;},
	[&quot;pol&quot;] = {&quot;Polish&quot;},
	[&quot;pom&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pon&quot;] = {&quot;Pohnpeian&quot;},
	[&quot;poo&quot;] = {&quot;Central Pomo&quot;},
	[&quot;pop&quot;] = {&quot;Pwapwâ&quot;},
	[&quot;poq&quot;] = {&quot;Texistepec Popoluca&quot;},
	[&quot;por&quot;] = {&quot;Portuguese&quot;},
	[&quot;pos&quot;] = {&quot;Sayula Popoluca&quot;},
	[&quot;pot&quot;] = {&quot;Potawatomi&quot;},
	[&quot;pov&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Guinea Crioulo&quot;},
	[&quot;pow&quot;] = {&quot;San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;pox&quot;] = {&quot;Polabian&quot;},
	[&quot;poy&quot;] = {&quot;Pogolo&quot;},
	[&quot;ppe&quot;] = {&quot;Papi&quot;},
	[&quot;ppi&quot;] = {&quot;Paipai&quot;},
	[&quot;ppk&quot;] = {&quot;Uma&quot;},
	[&quot;ppl&quot;] = {&quot;Nicarao&quot;, &quot;Pipil&quot;},
	[&quot;ppm&quot;] = {&quot;Papuma&quot;},
	[&quot;ppn&quot;] = {&quot;Papapana&quot;},
	[&quot;ppo&quot;] = {&quot;Folopa&quot;},
	[&quot;ppp&quot;] = {&quot;Pelende&quot;},
	[&quot;ppq&quot;] = {&quot;Pei&quot;},
	[&quot;pps&quot;] = {&quot;San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca&quot;},
	[&quot;ppt&quot;] = {&quot;Pare&quot;},
	[&quot;ppu&quot;] = {&quot;Papora&quot;},
	[&quot;pqa&quot;] = {&quot;Pa'a&quot;},
	[&quot;pqm&quot;] = {&quot;Malecite-Passamaquoddy&quot;},
	[&quot;prc&quot;] = {&quot;Parachi&quot;},
	[&quot;prd&quot;] = {&quot;Parsi-Dari&quot;},
	[&quot;pre&quot;] = {&quot;Principense&quot;},
	[&quot;prf&quot;] = {&quot;Paranan&quot;},
	[&quot;prg&quot;] = {&quot;Prussian&quot;},
	[&quot;prh&quot;] = {&quot;Porohanon&quot;},
	[&quot;pri&quot;] = {&quot;Paicî&quot;},
	[&quot;prk&quot;] = {&quot;Parauk&quot;},
	[&quot;prl&quot;] = {&quot;Peruvian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;prm&quot;] = {&quot;Kibiri&quot;},
	[&quot;prn&quot;] = {&quot;Prasuni&quot;},
	[&quot;pro&quot;] = {&quot;Old Occitan (to 1500)&quot;, &quot;Old Provençal (to 1500)&quot;},
	[&quot;prp&quot;] = {&quot;Parsi&quot;},
	[&quot;prq&quot;] = {&quot;Ashéninka Perené&quot;},
	[&quot;prr&quot;] = {&quot;Puri&quot;},
	[&quot;prs&quot;] = {&quot;Afghan Persian&quot;, &quot;Dari&quot;},
	[&quot;prt&quot;] = {&quot;Phai&quot;},
	[&quot;pru&quot;] = {&quot;Puragi&quot;},
	[&quot;prw&quot;] = {&quot;Parawen&quot;},
	[&quot;prx&quot;] = {&quot;Purik&quot;},
	[&quot;prz&quot;] = {&quot;Providencia Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psa&quot;] = {&quot;Asue Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;psc&quot;] = {&quot;Persian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psd&quot;] = {&quot;Plains Indian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;pse&quot;] = {&quot;Central Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;psg&quot;] = {&quot;Penang Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psh&quot;] = {&quot;Southwest Pashai&quot;, &quot;Southwest Pashayi&quot;},
	[&quot;psi&quot;] = {&quot;Southeast Pashai&quot;, &quot;Southeast Pashayi&quot;},
	[&quot;psl&quot;] = {&quot;Puerto Rican Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psm&quot;] = {&quot;Pauserna&quot;},
	[&quot;psn&quot;] = {&quot;Panasuan&quot;},
	[&quot;pso&quot;] = {&quot;Polish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psp&quot;] = {&quot;Philippine Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;psq&quot;] = {&quot;Pasi&quot;},
	[&quot;psr&quot;] = {&quot;Portuguese Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;pss&quot;] = {&quot;Kaulong&quot;},
	[&quot;pst&quot;] = {&quot;Central Pashto&quot;},
	[&quot;psu&quot;] = {&quot;Sauraseni Prākrit&quot;},
	[&quot;psw&quot;] = {&quot;Port Sandwich&quot;},
	[&quot;psy&quot;] = {&quot;Piscataway&quot;},
	[&quot;pta&quot;] = {&quot;Pai Tavytera&quot;},
	[&quot;pth&quot;] = {&quot;Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe&quot;},
	[&quot;pti&quot;] = {&quot;Pintiini&quot;},
	[&quot;ptn&quot;] = {&quot;Patani&quot;},
	[&quot;pto&quot;] = {&quot;Zo'é&quot;},
	[&quot;ptp&quot;] = {&quot;Patep&quot;},
	[&quot;ptq&quot;] = {&quot;Pattapu&quot;},
	[&quot;ptr&quot;] = {&quot;Piamatsina&quot;},
	[&quot;ptt&quot;] = {&quot;Enrekang&quot;},
	[&quot;ptu&quot;] = {&quot;Bambam&quot;},
	[&quot;ptv&quot;] = {&quot;Port Vato&quot;},
	[&quot;ptw&quot;] = {&quot;Pentlatch&quot;},
	[&quot;pty&quot;] = {&quot;Pathiya&quot;},
	[&quot;pua&quot;] = {&quot;Western Highland Purepecha&quot;},
	[&quot;pub&quot;] = {&quot;Purum&quot;},
	[&quot;puc&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Merap&quot;},
	[&quot;pud&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Aput&quot;},
	[&quot;pue&quot;] = {&quot;Puelche&quot;},
	[&quot;puf&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Merah&quot;},
	[&quot;pug&quot;] = {&quot;Phuie&quot;},
	[&quot;pui&quot;] = {&quot;Puinave&quot;},
	[&quot;puj&quot;] = {&quot;Punan Tubu&quot;},
	[&quot;pum&quot;] = {&quot;Puma&quot;},
	[&quot;puo&quot;] = {&quot;Puoc&quot;},
	[&quot;pup&quot;] = {&quot;Pulabu&quot;},
	[&quot;puq&quot;] = {&quot;Puquina&quot;},
	[&quot;pur&quot;] = {&quot;Puruborá&quot;},
	[&quot;pus&quot;] = {&quot;Pashto&quot;, &quot;Pushto&quot;},
	[&quot;put&quot;] = {&quot;Putoh&quot;},
	[&quot;puu&quot;] = {&quot;Punu&quot;},
	[&quot;puw&quot;] = {&quot;Puluwatese&quot;},
	[&quot;pux&quot;] = {&quot;Puare&quot;},
	[&quot;puy&quot;] = {&quot;Purisimeño&quot;},
	[&quot;pwa&quot;] = {&quot;Pawaia&quot;},
	[&quot;pwb&quot;] = {&quot;Panawa&quot;},
	[&quot;pwg&quot;] = {&quot;Gapapaiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pwi&quot;] = {&quot;Patwin&quot;},
	[&quot;pwm&quot;] = {&quot;Molbog&quot;},
	[&quot;pwn&quot;] = {&quot;Paiwan&quot;},
	[&quot;pwo&quot;] = {&quot;Pwo Western Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;pwr&quot;] = {&quot;Powari&quot;},
	[&quot;pww&quot;] = {&quot;Pwo Northern Karen&quot;},
	[&quot;pxm&quot;] = {&quot;Quetzaltepec Mixe&quot;},
	[&quot;pye&quot;] = {&quot;Pye Krumen&quot;},
	[&quot;pym&quot;] = {&quot;Fyam&quot;},
	[&quot;pyn&quot;] = {&quot;Poyanáwa&quot;},
	[&quot;pys&quot;] = {&quot;Lengua de Señas del Paraguay&quot;, &quot;Paraguayan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;pyu&quot;] = {&quot;Puyuma&quot;},
	[&quot;pyx&quot;] = {&quot;Pyu (Myanmar)&quot;},
	[&quot;pyy&quot;] = {&quot;Pyen&quot;},
	[&quot;pzn&quot;] = {&quot;Para Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;qua&quot;] = {&quot;Quapaw&quot;},
	[&quot;qub&quot;] = {&quot;Huallaga Huánuco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;quc&quot;] = {&quot;K'iche'&quot;, &quot;Quiché&quot;},
	[&quot;qud&quot;] = {&quot;Calderón Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;que&quot;] = {&quot;Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;quf&quot;] = {&quot;Lambayeque Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qug&quot;] = {&quot;Chimborazo Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;quh&quot;] = {&quot;South Bolivian Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qui&quot;] = {&quot;Quileute&quot;},
	[&quot;quk&quot;] = {&quot;Chachapoyas Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qul&quot;] = {&quot;North Bolivian Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qum&quot;] = {&quot;Sipacapense&quot;},
	[&quot;qun&quot;] = {&quot;Quinault&quot;},
	[&quot;qup&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Pastaza Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;quq&quot;] = {&quot;Quinqui&quot;},
	[&quot;qur&quot;] = {&quot;Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qus&quot;] = {&quot;Santiago del Estero Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;quv&quot;] = {&quot;Sacapulteco&quot;},
	[&quot;quw&quot;] = {&quot;Tena Lowland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qux&quot;] = {&quot;Yauyos Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;quy&quot;] = {&quot;Ayacucho Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;quz&quot;] = {&quot;Cusco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qva&quot;] = {&quot;Ambo-Pasco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvc&quot;] = {&quot;Cajamarca Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qve&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Apurímac Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvh&quot;] = {&quot;Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvi&quot;] = {&quot;Imbabura Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvj&quot;] = {&quot;Loja Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvl&quot;] = {&quot;Cajatambo North Lima Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvm&quot;] = {&quot;Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvn&quot;] = {&quot;North Junín Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvo&quot;] = {&quot;Napo Lowland Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvp&quot;] = {&quot;Pacaraos Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvs&quot;] = {&quot;San Martín Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvw&quot;] = {&quot;Huaylla Wanca Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qvy&quot;] = {&quot;Queyu&quot;},
	[&quot;qvz&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Pastaza Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwa&quot;] = {&quot;Corongo Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwc&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwh&quot;] = {&quot;Huaylas Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwm&quot;] = {&quot;Kuman (Russia)&quot;},
	[&quot;qws&quot;] = {&quot;Sihuas Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qwt&quot;] = {&quot;Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai&quot;},
	[&quot;qxa&quot;] = {&quot;Chiquián Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxc&quot;] = {&quot;Chincha Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxh&quot;] = {&quot;Panao Huánuco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxl&quot;] = {&quot;Salasaca Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxo&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxp&quot;] = {&quot;Puno Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxq&quot;] = {&quot;Qashqa'i&quot;},
	[&quot;qxr&quot;] = {&quot;Cañar Highland Quichua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Qiang&quot;},
	[&quot;qxt&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxu&quot;] = {&quot;Arequipa-La Unión Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qxw&quot;] = {&quot;Jauja Wanca Quechua&quot;},
	[&quot;qya&quot;] = {&quot;Quenya&quot;},
	[&quot;qyp&quot;] = {&quot;Quiripi&quot;},
	[&quot;raa&quot;] = {&quot;Dungmali&quot;},
	[&quot;rab&quot;] = {&quot;Camling&quot;},
	[&quot;rac&quot;] = {&quot;Rasawa&quot;},
	[&quot;rad&quot;] = {&quot;Rade&quot;},
	[&quot;raf&quot;] = {&quot;Western Meohang&quot;},
	[&quot;rag&quot;] = {&quot;Logooli&quot;, &quot;Lulogooli&quot;},
	[&quot;rah&quot;] = {&quot;Rabha&quot;},
	[&quot;rai&quot;] = {&quot;Ramoaaina&quot;},
	[&quot;raj&quot;] = {&quot;Rajasthani&quot;},
	[&quot;rak&quot;] = {&quot;Tulu-Bohuai&quot;},
	[&quot;ral&quot;] = {&quot;Ralte&quot;},
	[&quot;ram&quot;] = {&quot;Canela&quot;},
	[&quot;ran&quot;] = {&quot;Riantana&quot;},
	[&quot;rao&quot;] = {&quot;Rao&quot;},
	[&quot;rap&quot;] = {&quot;Rapanui&quot;},
	[&quot;raq&quot;] = {&quot;Saam&quot;},
	[&quot;rar&quot;] = {&quot;Cook Islands Maori&quot;, &quot;Rarotongan&quot;},
	[&quot;ras&quot;] = {&quot;Tegali&quot;},
	[&quot;rat&quot;] = {&quot;Razajerdi&quot;},
	[&quot;rau&quot;] = {&quot;Raute&quot;},
	[&quot;rav&quot;] = {&quot;Sampang&quot;},
	[&quot;raw&quot;] = {&quot;Rawang&quot;},
	[&quot;rax&quot;] = {&quot;Rang&quot;},
	[&quot;ray&quot;] = {&quot;Rapa&quot;},
	[&quot;raz&quot;] = {&quot;Rahambuu&quot;},
	[&quot;rbb&quot;] = {&quot;Rumai Palaung&quot;},
	[&quot;rbk&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;rbl&quot;] = {&quot;Miraya Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;rbp&quot;] = {&quot;Barababaraba&quot;},
	[&quot;rcf&quot;] = {&quot;Réunion Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;rdb&quot;] = {&quot;Rudbari&quot;},
	[&quot;rea&quot;] = {&quot;Rerau&quot;},
	[&quot;reb&quot;] = {&quot;Rembong&quot;},
	[&quot;ree&quot;] = {&quot;Rejang Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;reg&quot;] = {&quot;Kara (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;rei&quot;] = {&quot;Reli&quot;},
	[&quot;rej&quot;] = {&quot;Rejang&quot;},
	[&quot;rel&quot;] = {&quot;Rendille&quot;},
	[&quot;rem&quot;] = {&quot;Remo&quot;},
	[&quot;ren&quot;] = {&quot;Rengao&quot;},
	[&quot;rer&quot;] = {&quot;Rer Bare&quot;},
	[&quot;res&quot;] = {&quot;Reshe&quot;},
	[&quot;ret&quot;] = {&quot;Retta&quot;},
	[&quot;rey&quot;] = {&quot;Reyesano&quot;},
	[&quot;rga&quot;] = {&quot;Roria&quot;},
	[&quot;rge&quot;] = {&quot;Romano-Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;rgk&quot;] = {&quot;Rangkas&quot;},
	[&quot;rgn&quot;] = {&quot;Romagnol&quot;},
	[&quot;rgr&quot;] = {&quot;Resígaro&quot;},
	[&quot;rgs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Roglai&quot;},
	[&quot;rgu&quot;] = {&quot;Ringgou&quot;},
	[&quot;rhg&quot;] = {&quot;Rohingya&quot;},
	[&quot;rhp&quot;] = {&quot;Yahang&quot;},
	[&quot;ria&quot;] = {&quot;Riang (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;rif&quot;] = {&quot;Tarifit&quot;},
	[&quot;ril&quot;] = {&quot;Riang (Myanmar)&quot;},
	[&quot;rim&quot;] = {&quot;Nyaturu&quot;},
	[&quot;rin&quot;] = {&quot;Nungu&quot;},
	[&quot;rir&quot;] = {&quot;Ribun&quot;},
	[&quot;rit&quot;] = {&quot;Ritarungo&quot;},
	[&quot;riu&quot;] = {&quot;Riung&quot;},
	[&quot;rjg&quot;] = {&quot;Rajong&quot;},
	[&quot;rji&quot;] = {&quot;Raji&quot;},
	[&quot;rjs&quot;] = {&quot;Rajbanshi&quot;},
	[&quot;rka&quot;] = {&quot;Kraol&quot;},
	[&quot;rkb&quot;] = {&quot;Rikbaktsa&quot;},
	[&quot;rkh&quot;] = {&quot;Rakahanga-Manihiki&quot;},
	[&quot;rki&quot;] = {&quot;Rakhine&quot;},
	[&quot;rkm&quot;] = {&quot;Marka&quot;},
	[&quot;rkt&quot;] = {&quot;Kamta&quot;, &quot;Rangpuri&quot;},
	[&quot;rkw&quot;] = {&quot;Arakwal&quot;},
	[&quot;rma&quot;] = {&quot;Rama&quot;},
	[&quot;rmb&quot;] = {&quot;Rembarunga&quot;},
	[&quot;rmc&quot;] = {&quot;Carpathian Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmd&quot;] = {&quot;Traveller Danish&quot;},
	[&quot;rme&quot;] = {&quot;Angloromani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmf&quot;] = {&quot;Kalo Finnish Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmg&quot;] = {&quot;Traveller Norwegian&quot;},
	[&quot;rmh&quot;] = {&quot;Murkim&quot;},
	[&quot;rmi&quot;] = {&quot;Lomavren&quot;},
	[&quot;rmk&quot;] = {&quot;Romkun&quot;},
	[&quot;rml&quot;] = {&quot;Baltic Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmm&quot;] = {&quot;Roma&quot;},
	[&quot;rmn&quot;] = {&quot;Balkan Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmo&quot;] = {&quot;Sinte Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmp&quot;] = {&quot;Rempi&quot;},
	[&quot;rmq&quot;] = {&quot;Caló&quot;},
	[&quot;rms&quot;] = {&quot;Romanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;rmt&quot;] = {&quot;Domari&quot;},
	[&quot;rmu&quot;] = {&quot;Tavringer Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmv&quot;] = {&quot;Romanova&quot;},
	[&quot;rmw&quot;] = {&quot;Welsh Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmx&quot;] = {&quot;Romam&quot;},
	[&quot;rmy&quot;] = {&quot;Vlax Romani&quot;},
	[&quot;rmz&quot;] = {&quot;Marma&quot;},
	[&quot;rnd&quot;] = {&quot;Ruund&quot;},
	[&quot;rng&quot;] = {&quot;Ronga&quot;},
	[&quot;rnl&quot;] = {&quot;Ranglong&quot;},
	[&quot;rnn&quot;] = {&quot;Roon&quot;},
	[&quot;rnp&quot;] = {&quot;Rongpo&quot;},
	[&quot;rnr&quot;] = {&quot;Nari Nari&quot;},
	[&quot;rnw&quot;] = {&quot;Rungwa&quot;},
	[&quot;rob&quot;] = {&quot;Tae'&quot;},
	[&quot;roc&quot;] = {&quot;Cacgia Roglai&quot;},
	[&quot;rod&quot;] = {&quot;Rogo&quot;},
	[&quot;roe&quot;] = {&quot;Ronji&quot;},
	[&quot;rof&quot;] = {&quot;Rombo&quot;},
	[&quot;rog&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Roglai&quot;},
	[&quot;roh&quot;] = {&quot;Romansh&quot;},
	[&quot;rol&quot;] = {&quot;Romblomanon&quot;},
	[&quot;rom&quot;] = {&quot;Romany&quot;},
	[&quot;ron&quot;] = {&quot;Moldavian&quot;, &quot;Moldovan&quot;, &quot;Romanian&quot;},
	[&quot;roo&quot;] = {&quot;Rotokas&quot;},
	[&quot;rop&quot;] = {&quot;Kriol&quot;},
	[&quot;ror&quot;] = {&quot;Rongga&quot;},
	[&quot;rou&quot;] = {&quot;Runga&quot;},
	[&quot;row&quot;] = {&quot;Dela-Oenale&quot;},
	[&quot;rpn&quot;] = {&quot;Repanbitip&quot;},
	[&quot;rpt&quot;] = {&quot;Rapting&quot;},
	[&quot;rri&quot;] = {&quot;Ririo&quot;},
	[&quot;rro&quot;] = {&quot;Waima&quot;},
	[&quot;rrt&quot;] = {&quot;Arritinngithigh&quot;},
	[&quot;rsb&quot;] = {&quot;Romano-Serbian&quot;},
	[&quot;rsl&quot;] = {&quot;Russian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;rsm&quot;] = {&quot;Miriwoong Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;rtc&quot;] = {&quot;Rungtu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;rth&quot;] = {&quot;Ratahan&quot;},
	[&quot;rtm&quot;] = {&quot;Rotuman&quot;},
	[&quot;rts&quot;] = {&quot;Yurats&quot;},
	[&quot;rtw&quot;] = {&quot;Rathawi&quot;},
	[&quot;rub&quot;] = {&quot;Gungu&quot;},
	[&quot;ruc&quot;] = {&quot;Ruuli&quot;},
	[&quot;rue&quot;] = {&quot;Rusyn&quot;},
	[&quot;ruf&quot;] = {&quot;Luguru&quot;},
	[&quot;rug&quot;] = {&quot;Roviana&quot;},
	[&quot;ruh&quot;] = {&quot;Ruga&quot;},
	[&quot;rui&quot;] = {&quot;Rufiji&quot;},
	[&quot;ruk&quot;] = {&quot;Che&quot;},
	[&quot;run&quot;] = {&quot;Rundi&quot;},
	[&quot;ruo&quot;] = {&quot;Istro Romanian&quot;},
	[&quot;rup&quot;] = {&quot;Aromanian&quot;, &quot;Arumanian&quot;, &quot;Macedo-Romanian&quot;},
	[&quot;ruq&quot;] = {&quot;Megleno Romanian&quot;},
	[&quot;rus&quot;] = {&quot;Russian&quot;},
	[&quot;rut&quot;] = {&quot;Rutul&quot;},
	[&quot;ruu&quot;] = {&quot;Lanas Lobu&quot;},
	[&quot;ruy&quot;] = {&quot;Mala (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;ruz&quot;] = {&quot;Ruma&quot;},
	[&quot;rwa&quot;] = {&quot;Rawo&quot;},
	[&quot;rwk&quot;] = {&quot;Rwa&quot;},
	[&quot;rwm&quot;] = {&quot;Amba (Uganda)&quot;},
	[&quot;rwo&quot;] = {&quot;Rawa&quot;},
	[&quot;rwr&quot;] = {&quot;Marwari (India)&quot;},
	[&quot;rxd&quot;] = {&quot;Ngardi&quot;},
	[&quot;rxw&quot;] = {&quot;Karuwali&quot;},
	[&quot;ryn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Amami-Oshima&quot;},
	[&quot;rys&quot;] = {&quot;Yaeyama&quot;},
	[&quot;ryu&quot;] = {&quot;Central Okinawan&quot;},
	[&quot;rzh&quot;] = {&quot;Rāziḥī&quot;},
	[&quot;saa&quot;] = {&quot;Saba&quot;},
	[&quot;sab&quot;] = {&quot;Buglere&quot;},
	[&quot;sac&quot;] = {&quot;Meskwaki&quot;},
	[&quot;sad&quot;] = {&quot;Sandawe&quot;},
	[&quot;sae&quot;] = {&quot;Sabanê&quot;},
	[&quot;saf&quot;] = {&quot;Safaliba&quot;},
	[&quot;sag&quot;] = {&quot;Sango&quot;},
	[&quot;sah&quot;] = {&quot;Yakut&quot;},
	[&quot;saj&quot;] = {&quot;Sahu&quot;},
	[&quot;sak&quot;] = {&quot;Sake&quot;},
	[&quot;sam&quot;] = {&quot;Samaritan Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;san&quot;] = {&quot;Sanskrit&quot;},
	[&quot;sao&quot;] = {&quot;Sause&quot;},
	[&quot;saq&quot;] = {&quot;Samburu&quot;},
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = {&quot;Saraveca&quot;},
	[&quot;sas&quot;] = {&quot;Sasak&quot;},
	[&quot;sat&quot;] = {&quot;Santali&quot;},
	[&quot;sau&quot;] = {&quot;Saleman&quot;},
	[&quot;sav&quot;] = {&quot;Saafi-Saafi&quot;},
	[&quot;saw&quot;] = {&quot;Sawi&quot;},
	[&quot;sax&quot;] = {&quot;Sa&quot;},
	[&quot;say&quot;] = {&quot;Saya&quot;},
	[&quot;saz&quot;] = {&quot;Saurashtra&quot;},
	[&quot;sba&quot;] = {&quot;Ngambay&quot;},
	[&quot;sbb&quot;] = {&quot;Simbo&quot;},
	[&quot;sbc&quot;] = {&quot;Kele (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;sbd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Samo&quot;},
	[&quot;sbe&quot;] = {&quot;Saliba&quot;},
	[&quot;sbf&quot;] = {&quot;Chabu&quot;, &quot;Shabo&quot;},
	[&quot;sbg&quot;] = {&quot;Seget&quot;},
	[&quot;sbh&quot;] = {&quot;Sori-Harengan&quot;},
	[&quot;sbi&quot;] = {&quot;Seti&quot;},
	[&quot;sbj&quot;] = {&quot;Surbakhal&quot;},
	[&quot;sbk&quot;] = {&quot;Safwa&quot;},
	[&quot;sbl&quot;] = {&quot;Botolan Sambal&quot;},
	[&quot;sbm&quot;] = {&quot;Sagala&quot;},
	[&quot;sbn&quot;] = {&quot;Sindhi Bhil&quot;},
	[&quot;sbo&quot;] = {&quot;Sabüm&quot;},
	[&quot;sbp&quot;] = {&quot;Sangu (Tanzania)&quot;},
	[&quot;sbq&quot;] = {&quot;Sileibi&quot;},
	[&quot;sbr&quot;] = {&quot;Sembakung Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;sbs&quot;] = {&quot;Subiya&quot;},
	[&quot;sbt&quot;] = {&quot;Kimki&quot;},
	[&quot;sbu&quot;] = {&quot;Stod Bhoti&quot;},
	[&quot;sbv&quot;] = {&quot;Sabine&quot;},
	[&quot;sbw&quot;] = {&quot;Simba&quot;},
	[&quot;sbx&quot;] = {&quot;Seberuang&quot;},
	[&quot;sby&quot;] = {&quot;Soli&quot;},
	[&quot;sbz&quot;] = {&quot;Sara Kaba&quot;},
	[&quot;scb&quot;] = {&quot;Chut&quot;},
	[&quot;sce&quot;] = {&quot;Dongxiang&quot;},
	[&quot;scf&quot;] = {&quot;San Miguel Creole French&quot;},
	[&quot;scg&quot;] = {&quot;Sanggau&quot;},
	[&quot;sch&quot;] = {&quot;Sakachep&quot;},
	[&quot;sci&quot;] = {&quot;Sri Lankan Creole Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;sck&quot;] = {&quot;Sadri&quot;},
	[&quot;scl&quot;] = {&quot;Shina&quot;},
	[&quot;scn&quot;] = {&quot;Sicilian&quot;},
	[&quot;sco&quot;] = {&quot;Scots&quot;},
	[&quot;scp&quot;] = {&quot;Helambu Sherpa&quot;, &quot;Hyolmo&quot;},
	[&quot;scq&quot;] = {&quot;Sa'och&quot;},
	[&quot;scs&quot;] = {&quot;North Slavey&quot;},
	[&quot;sct&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Katang&quot;},
	[&quot;scu&quot;] = {&quot;Shumcho&quot;},
	[&quot;scv&quot;] = {&quot;Sheni&quot;},
	[&quot;scw&quot;] = {&quot;Sha&quot;},
	[&quot;scx&quot;] = {&quot;Sicel&quot;},
	[&quot;sda&quot;] = {&quot;Toraja-Sa'dan&quot;},
	[&quot;sdb&quot;] = {&quot;Shabak&quot;},
	[&quot;sdc&quot;] = {&quot;Sassarese Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;sde&quot;] = {&quot;Surubu&quot;},
	[&quot;sdf&quot;] = {&quot;Sarli&quot;},
	[&quot;sdg&quot;] = {&quot;Savi&quot;},
	[&quot;sdh&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kurdish&quot;},
	[&quot;sdj&quot;] = {&quot;Suundi&quot;},
	[&quot;sdk&quot;] = {&quot;Sos Kundi&quot;},
	[&quot;sdl&quot;] = {&quot;Saudi Arabian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sdm&quot;] = {&quot;Semandang&quot;},
	[&quot;sdn&quot;] = {&quot;Gallurese Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;sdo&quot;] = {&quot;Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh&quot;},
	[&quot;sdp&quot;] = {&quot;Sherdukpen&quot;},
	[&quot;sdr&quot;] = {&quot;Oraon Sadri&quot;},
	[&quot;sds&quot;] = {&quot;Sened&quot;},
	[&quot;sdt&quot;] = {&quot;Shuadit&quot;},
	[&quot;sdu&quot;] = {&quot;Sarudu&quot;},
	[&quot;sdx&quot;] = {&quot;Sibu Melanau&quot;},
	[&quot;sdz&quot;] = {&quot;Sallands&quot;},
	[&quot;sea&quot;] = {&quot;Semai&quot;},
	[&quot;seb&quot;] = {&quot;Shempire Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;sec&quot;] = {&quot;Sechelt&quot;},
	[&quot;sed&quot;] = {&quot;Sedang&quot;},
	[&quot;see&quot;] = {&quot;Seneca&quot;},
	[&quot;sef&quot;] = {&quot;Cebaara Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;seg&quot;] = {&quot;Segeju&quot;},
	[&quot;seh&quot;] = {&quot;Sena&quot;},
	[&quot;sei&quot;] = {&quot;Seri&quot;},
	[&quot;sej&quot;] = {&quot;Sene&quot;},
	[&quot;sek&quot;] = {&quot;Sekani&quot;},
	[&quot;sel&quot;] = {&quot;Selkup&quot;},
	[&quot;sen&quot;] = {&quot;Nanerigé Sénoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;seo&quot;] = {&quot;Suarmin&quot;},
	[&quot;sep&quot;] = {&quot;Sìcìté Sénoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;seq&quot;] = {&quot;Senara Sénoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;ser&quot;] = {&quot;Serrano&quot;},
	[&quot;ses&quot;] = {&quot;Koyraboro Senni Songhai&quot;},
	[&quot;set&quot;] = {&quot;Sentani&quot;},
	[&quot;seu&quot;] = {&quot;Serui-Laut&quot;},
	[&quot;sev&quot;] = {&quot;Nyarafolo Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;sew&quot;] = {&quot;Sewa Bay&quot;},
	[&quot;sey&quot;] = {&quot;Secoya&quot;},
	[&quot;sez&quot;] = {&quot;Senthang Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;sfb&quot;] = {&quot;French Belgian Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone&quot;},
	[&quot;sfe&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Subanen&quot;},
	[&quot;sfm&quot;] = {&quot;Small Flowery Miao&quot;},
	[&quot;sfs&quot;] = {&quot;South African Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sfw&quot;] = {&quot;Sehwi&quot;},
	[&quot;sga&quot;] = {&quot;Old Irish (to 900)&quot;},
	[&quot;sgb&quot;] = {&quot;Mag-antsi Ayta&quot;},
	[&quot;sgc&quot;] = {&quot;Kipsigis&quot;},
	[&quot;sgd&quot;] = {&quot;Surigaonon&quot;},
	[&quot;sge&quot;] = {&quot;Segai&quot;},
	[&quot;sgg&quot;] = {&quot;Swiss-German Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sgh&quot;] = {&quot;Shughni&quot;},
	[&quot;sgi&quot;] = {&quot;Suga&quot;},
	[&quot;sgj&quot;] = {&quot;Surgujia&quot;},
	[&quot;sgk&quot;] = {&quot;Sangkong&quot;},
	[&quot;sgm&quot;] = {&quot;Singa&quot;},
	[&quot;sgp&quot;] = {&quot;Singpho&quot;},
	[&quot;sgr&quot;] = {&quot;Sangisari&quot;},
	[&quot;sgs&quot;] = {&quot;Samogitian&quot;},
	[&quot;sgt&quot;] = {&quot;Brokpake&quot;},
	[&quot;sgu&quot;] = {&quot;Salas&quot;},
	[&quot;sgw&quot;] = {&quot;Sebat Bet Gurage&quot;},
	[&quot;sgx&quot;] = {&quot;Sierra Leone Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sgy&quot;] = {&quot;Sanglechi&quot;},
	[&quot;sgz&quot;] = {&quot;Sursurunga&quot;},
	[&quot;sha&quot;] = {&quot;Shall-Zwall&quot;},
	[&quot;shb&quot;] = {&quot;Ninam&quot;},
	[&quot;shc&quot;] = {&quot;Sonde&quot;},
	[&quot;shd&quot;] = {&quot;Kundal Shahi&quot;},
	[&quot;she&quot;] = {&quot;Sheko&quot;},
	[&quot;shg&quot;] = {&quot;Shua&quot;},
	[&quot;shh&quot;] = {&quot;Shoshoni&quot;},
	[&quot;shi&quot;] = {&quot;Tachelhit&quot;},
	[&quot;shj&quot;] = {&quot;Shatt&quot;},
	[&quot;shk&quot;] = {&quot;Shilluk&quot;},
	[&quot;shl&quot;] = {&quot;Shendu&quot;},
	[&quot;shm&quot;] = {&quot;Shahrudi&quot;},
	[&quot;shn&quot;] = {&quot;Shan&quot;},
	[&quot;sho&quot;] = {&quot;Shanga&quot;},
	[&quot;shp&quot;] = {&quot;Shipibo-Conibo&quot;},
	[&quot;shq&quot;] = {&quot;Sala&quot;},
	[&quot;shr&quot;] = {&quot;Shi&quot;},
	[&quot;shs&quot;] = {&quot;Shuswap&quot;},
	[&quot;sht&quot;] = {&quot;Shasta&quot;},
	[&quot;shu&quot;] = {&quot;Chadian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;shv&quot;] = {&quot;Shehri&quot;},
	[&quot;shw&quot;] = {&quot;Shwai&quot;},
	[&quot;shx&quot;] = {&quot;She&quot;},
	[&quot;shy&quot;] = {&quot;Tachawit&quot;},
	[&quot;shz&quot;] = {&quot;Syenara Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;sia&quot;] = {&quot;Akkala Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sib&quot;] = {&quot;Sebop&quot;},
	[&quot;sid&quot;] = {&quot;Sidamo&quot;},
	[&quot;sie&quot;] = {&quot;Simaa&quot;},
	[&quot;sif&quot;] = {&quot;Siamou&quot;},
	[&quot;sig&quot;] = {&quot;Paasaal&quot;},
	[&quot;sih&quot;] = {&quot;Sîshëë&quot;, &quot;Zire&quot;},
	[&quot;sii&quot;] = {&quot;Shom Peng&quot;},
	[&quot;sij&quot;] = {&quot;Numbami&quot;},
	[&quot;sik&quot;] = {&quot;Sikiana&quot;},
	[&quot;sil&quot;] = {&quot;Tumulung Sisaala&quot;},
	[&quot;sim&quot;] = {&quot;Mende (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;sin&quot;] = {&quot;Sinhala&quot;, &quot;Sinhalese&quot;},
	[&quot;sip&quot;] = {&quot;Sikkimese&quot;},
	[&quot;siq&quot;] = {&quot;Sonia&quot;},
	[&quot;sir&quot;] = {&quot;Siri&quot;},
	[&quot;sis&quot;] = {&quot;Siuslaw&quot;},
	[&quot;siu&quot;] = {&quot;Sinagen&quot;},
	[&quot;siv&quot;] = {&quot;Sumariup&quot;},
	[&quot;siw&quot;] = {&quot;Siwai&quot;},
	[&quot;six&quot;] = {&quot;Sumau&quot;},
	[&quot;siy&quot;] = {&quot;Sivandi&quot;},
	[&quot;siz&quot;] = {&quot;Siwi&quot;},
	[&quot;sja&quot;] = {&quot;Epena&quot;},
	[&quot;sjb&quot;] = {&quot;Sajau Basap&quot;},
	[&quot;sjd&quot;] = {&quot;Kildin Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sje&quot;] = {&quot;Pite Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sjg&quot;] = {&quot;Assangori&quot;},
	[&quot;sjk&quot;] = {&quot;Kemi Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sjl&quot;] = {&quot;Miji&quot;, &quot;Sajalong&quot;},
	[&quot;sjm&quot;] = {&quot;Mapun&quot;},
	[&quot;sjn&quot;] = {&quot;Sindarin&quot;},
	[&quot;sjo&quot;] = {&quot;Xibe&quot;},
	[&quot;sjp&quot;] = {&quot;Surjapuri&quot;},
	[&quot;sjr&quot;] = {&quot;Siar-Lak&quot;},
	[&quot;sjs&quot;] = {&quot;Senhaja De Srair&quot;},
	[&quot;sjt&quot;] = {&quot;Ter Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sju&quot;] = {&quot;Ume Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;sjw&quot;] = {&quot;Shawnee&quot;},
	[&quot;ska&quot;] = {&quot;Skagit&quot;},
	[&quot;skb&quot;] = {&quot;Saek&quot;},
	[&quot;skc&quot;] = {&quot;Ma Manda&quot;},
	[&quot;skd&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sierra Miwok&quot;},
	[&quot;ske&quot;] = {&quot;Seke (Vanuatu)&quot;},
	[&quot;skf&quot;] = {&quot;Sakirabiá&quot;},
	[&quot;skg&quot;] = {&quot;Sakalava Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;skh&quot;] = {&quot;Sikule&quot;},
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = {&quot;Sika&quot;},
	[&quot;skj&quot;] = {&quot;Seke (Nepal)&quot;},
	[&quot;skm&quot;] = {&quot;Kutong&quot;},
	[&quot;skn&quot;] = {&quot;Kolibugan Subanon&quot;},
	[&quot;sko&quot;] = {&quot;Seko Tengah&quot;},
	[&quot;skp&quot;] = {&quot;Sekapan&quot;},
	[&quot;skq&quot;] = {&quot;Sininkere&quot;},
	[&quot;skr&quot;] = {&quot;Saraiki&quot;, &quot;Seraiki&quot;},
	[&quot;sks&quot;] = {&quot;Maia&quot;},
	[&quot;skt&quot;] = {&quot;Sakata&quot;},
	[&quot;sku&quot;] = {&quot;Sakao&quot;},
	[&quot;skv&quot;] = {&quot;Skou&quot;},
	[&quot;skw&quot;] = {&quot;Skepi Creole Dutch&quot;},
	[&quot;skx&quot;] = {&quot;Seko Padang&quot;},
	[&quot;sky&quot;] = {&quot;Sikaiana&quot;},
	[&quot;skz&quot;] = {&quot;Sekar&quot;},
	[&quot;slc&quot;] = {&quot;Sáliba&quot;},
	[&quot;sld&quot;] = {&quot;Sissala&quot;},
	[&quot;sle&quot;] = {&quot;Sholaga&quot;},
	[&quot;slf&quot;] = {&quot;Swiss-Italian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;slg&quot;] = {&quot;Selungai Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;slh&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Puget Sound Salish&quot;},
	[&quot;sli&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Silesian&quot;},
	[&quot;slj&quot;] = {&quot;Salumá&quot;},
	[&quot;slk&quot;] = {&quot;Slovak&quot;},
	[&quot;sll&quot;] = {&quot;Salt-Yui&quot;},
	[&quot;slm&quot;] = {&quot;Pangutaran Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;sln&quot;] = {&quot;Salinan&quot;},
	[&quot;slp&quot;] = {&quot;Lamaholot&quot;},
	[&quot;slq&quot;] = {&quot;Salchuq&quot;},
	[&quot;slr&quot;] = {&quot;Salar&quot;},
	[&quot;sls&quot;] = {&quot;Singapore Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;slt&quot;] = {&quot;Sila&quot;},
	[&quot;slu&quot;] = {&quot;Selaru&quot;},
	[&quot;slv&quot;] = {&quot;Slovenian&quot;},
	[&quot;slw&quot;] = {&quot;Sialum&quot;},
	[&quot;slx&quot;] = {&quot;Salampasu&quot;},
	[&quot;sly&quot;] = {&quot;Selayar&quot;},
	[&quot;slz&quot;] = {&quot;Ma'ya&quot;},
	[&quot;sma&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;smb&quot;] = {&quot;Simbari&quot;},
	[&quot;smc&quot;] = {&quot;Som&quot;},
	[&quot;smd&quot;] = {&quot;Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;sme&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;smf&quot;] = {&quot;Auwe&quot;},
	[&quot;smg&quot;] = {&quot;Simbali&quot;},
	[&quot;smh&quot;] = {&quot;Samei&quot;},
	[&quot;smj&quot;] = {&quot;Lule Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;smk&quot;] = {&quot;Bolinao&quot;},
	[&quot;sml&quot;] = {&quot;Central Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;smm&quot;] = {&quot;Musasa&quot;},
	[&quot;smn&quot;] = {&quot;Inari Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;smo&quot;] = {&quot;Samoan&quot;},
	[&quot;smp&quot;] = {&quot;Samaritan&quot;},
	[&quot;smq&quot;] = {&quot;Samo&quot;},
	[&quot;smr&quot;] = {&quot;Simeulue&quot;},
	[&quot;sms&quot;] = {&quot;Skolt Sami&quot;},
	[&quot;smt&quot;] = {&quot;Simte&quot;},
	[&quot;smu&quot;] = {&quot;Somray&quot;},
	[&quot;smv&quot;] = {&quot;Samvedi&quot;},
	[&quot;smw&quot;] = {&quot;Sumbawa&quot;},
	[&quot;smx&quot;] = {&quot;Samba&quot;},
	[&quot;smy&quot;] = {&quot;Semnani&quot;},
	[&quot;smz&quot;] = {&quot;Simeku&quot;},
	[&quot;sna&quot;] = {&quot;Shona&quot;},
	[&quot;snb&quot;] = {&quot;Sebuyau&quot;},
	[&quot;snc&quot;] = {&quot;Sinaugoro&quot;},
	[&quot;snd&quot;] = {&quot;Sindhi&quot;},
	[&quot;sne&quot;] = {&quot;Bau Bidayuh&quot;},
	[&quot;snf&quot;] = {&quot;Noon&quot;},
	[&quot;sng&quot;] = {&quot;Sanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;sni&quot;] = {&quot;Sensi&quot;},
	[&quot;snj&quot;] = {&quot;Riverain Sango&quot;},
	[&quot;snk&quot;] = {&quot;Soninke&quot;},
	[&quot;snl&quot;] = {&quot;Sangil&quot;},
	[&quot;snm&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Ma'di&quot;},
	[&quot;snn&quot;] = {&quot;Siona&quot;},
	[&quot;sno&quot;] = {&quot;Snohomish&quot;},
	[&quot;snp&quot;] = {&quot;Siane&quot;},
	[&quot;snq&quot;] = {&quot;Sangu (Gabon)&quot;},
	[&quot;snr&quot;] = {&quot;Sihan&quot;},
	[&quot;sns&quot;] = {&quot;Nahavaq&quot;, &quot;South West Bay&quot;},
	[&quot;snu&quot;] = {&quot;Senggi&quot;, &quot;Viid&quot;},
	[&quot;snv&quot;] = {&quot;Sa'ban&quot;},
	[&quot;snw&quot;] = {&quot;Selee&quot;},
	[&quot;snx&quot;] = {&quot;Sam&quot;},
	[&quot;sny&quot;] = {&quot;Saniyo-Hiyewe&quot;},
	[&quot;snz&quot;] = {&quot;Sinsauru&quot;},
	[&quot;soa&quot;] = {&quot;Thai Song&quot;},
	[&quot;sob&quot;] = {&quot;Sobei&quot;},
	[&quot;soc&quot;] = {&quot;So (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;sod&quot;] = {&quot;Songoora&quot;},
	[&quot;soe&quot;] = {&quot;Songomeno&quot;},
	[&quot;sog&quot;] = {&quot;Sogdian&quot;},
	[&quot;soh&quot;] = {&quot;Aka&quot;},
	[&quot;soi&quot;] = {&quot;Sonha&quot;},
	[&quot;soj&quot;] = {&quot;Soi&quot;},
	[&quot;sok&quot;] = {&quot;Sokoro&quot;},
	[&quot;sol&quot;] = {&quot;Solos&quot;},
	[&quot;som&quot;] = {&quot;Somali&quot;},
	[&quot;soo&quot;] = {&quot;Songo&quot;},
	[&quot;sop&quot;] = {&quot;Songe&quot;},
	[&quot;soq&quot;] = {&quot;Kanasi&quot;},
	[&quot;sor&quot;] = {&quot;Somrai&quot;},
	[&quot;sos&quot;] = {&quot;Seeku&quot;},
	[&quot;sot&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sotho&quot;},
	[&quot;sou&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;sov&quot;] = {&quot;Sonsorol&quot;},
	[&quot;sow&quot;] = {&quot;Sowanda&quot;},
	[&quot;sox&quot;] = {&quot;Swo&quot;},
	[&quot;soy&quot;] = {&quot;Miyobe&quot;},
	[&quot;soz&quot;] = {&quot;Temi&quot;},
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = {&quot;Castilian&quot;, &quot;Spanish&quot;},
	[&quot;spb&quot;] = {&quot;Sepa (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;spc&quot;] = {&quot;Sapé&quot;},
	[&quot;spd&quot;] = {&quot;Saep&quot;},
	[&quot;spe&quot;] = {&quot;Sepa (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;spg&quot;] = {&quot;Sian&quot;},
	[&quot;spi&quot;] = {&quot;Saponi&quot;},
	[&quot;spk&quot;] = {&quot;Sengo&quot;},
	[&quot;spl&quot;] = {&quot;Selepet&quot;},
	[&quot;spm&quot;] = {&quot;Akukem&quot;},
	[&quot;spn&quot;] = {&quot;Sanapaná&quot;},
	[&quot;spo&quot;] = {&quot;Spokane&quot;},
	[&quot;spp&quot;] = {&quot;Supyire Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;spq&quot;] = {&quot;Loreto-Ucayali Spanish&quot;},
	[&quot;spr&quot;] = {&quot;Saparua&quot;},
	[&quot;sps&quot;] = {&quot;Saposa&quot;},
	[&quot;spt&quot;] = {&quot;Spiti Bhoti&quot;},
	[&quot;spu&quot;] = {&quot;Sapuan&quot;},
	[&quot;spv&quot;] = {&quot;Kosli&quot;, &quot;Sambalpuri&quot;},
	[&quot;spx&quot;] = {&quot;South Picene&quot;},
	[&quot;spy&quot;] = {&quot;Sabaot&quot;},
	[&quot;sqa&quot;] = {&quot;Shama-Sambuga&quot;},
	[&quot;sqh&quot;] = {&quot;Shau&quot;},
	[&quot;sqi&quot;] = {&quot;Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;sqk&quot;] = {&quot;Albanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sqm&quot;] = {&quot;Suma&quot;},
	[&quot;sqn&quot;] = {&quot;Susquehannock&quot;},
	[&quot;sqo&quot;] = {&quot;Sorkhei&quot;},
	[&quot;sqq&quot;] = {&quot;Sou&quot;},
	[&quot;sqr&quot;] = {&quot;Siculo Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;sqs&quot;] = {&quot;Sri Lankan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sqt&quot;] = {&quot;Soqotri&quot;},
	[&quot;squ&quot;] = {&quot;Squamish&quot;},
	[&quot;sra&quot;] = {&quot;Saruga&quot;},
	[&quot;srb&quot;] = {&quot;Sora&quot;},
	[&quot;src&quot;] = {&quot;Logudorese Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;srd&quot;] = {&quot;Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;sre&quot;] = {&quot;Sara&quot;},
	[&quot;srf&quot;] = {&quot;Nafi&quot;},
	[&quot;srg&quot;] = {&quot;Sulod&quot;},
	[&quot;srh&quot;] = {&quot;Sarikoli&quot;},
	[&quot;sri&quot;] = {&quot;Siriano&quot;},
	[&quot;srk&quot;] = {&quot;Serudung Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;srl&quot;] = {&quot;Isirawa&quot;},
	[&quot;srm&quot;] = {&quot;Saramaccan&quot;},
	[&quot;srn&quot;] = {&quot;Sranan Tongo&quot;},
	[&quot;sro&quot;] = {&quot;Campidanese Sardinian&quot;},
	[&quot;srp&quot;] = {&quot;Serbian&quot;},
	[&quot;srq&quot;] = {&quot;Sirionó&quot;},
	[&quot;srr&quot;] = {&quot;Serer&quot;},
	[&quot;srs&quot;] = {&quot;Sarsi&quot;},
	[&quot;srt&quot;] = {&quot;Sauri&quot;},
	[&quot;sru&quot;] = {&quot;Suruí&quot;},
	[&quot;srv&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sorsoganon&quot;},
	[&quot;srw&quot;] = {&quot;Serua&quot;},
	[&quot;srx&quot;] = {&quot;Sirmauri&quot;},
	[&quot;sry&quot;] = {&quot;Sera&quot;},
	[&quot;srz&quot;] = {&quot;Shahmirzadi&quot;},
	[&quot;ssb&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;ssc&quot;] = {&quot;Suba-Simbiti&quot;},
	[&quot;ssd&quot;] = {&quot;Siroi&quot;},
	[&quot;sse&quot;] = {&quot;Balangingi&quot;, &quot;Bangingih Sama&quot;},
	[&quot;ssf&quot;] = {&quot;Thao&quot;},
	[&quot;ssg&quot;] = {&quot;Seimat&quot;},
	[&quot;ssh&quot;] = {&quot;Shihhi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;ssi&quot;] = {&quot;Sansi&quot;},
	[&quot;ssj&quot;] = {&quot;Sausi&quot;},
	[&quot;ssk&quot;] = {&quot;Sunam&quot;},
	[&quot;ssl&quot;] = {&quot;Western Sisaala&quot;},
	[&quot;ssm&quot;] = {&quot;Semnam&quot;},
	[&quot;ssn&quot;] = {&quot;Waata&quot;},
	[&quot;sso&quot;] = {&quot;Sissano&quot;},
	[&quot;ssp&quot;] = {&quot;Spanish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ssq&quot;] = {&quot;So'a&quot;},
	[&quot;ssr&quot;] = {&quot;Swiss-French Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sss&quot;] = {&quot;Sô&quot;},
	[&quot;sst&quot;] = {&quot;Sinasina&quot;},
	[&quot;ssu&quot;] = {&quot;Susuami&quot;},
	[&quot;ssv&quot;] = {&quot;Shark Bay&quot;},
	[&quot;ssw&quot;] = {&quot;Swati&quot;},
	[&quot;ssx&quot;] = {&quot;Samberigi&quot;},
	[&quot;ssy&quot;] = {&quot;Saho&quot;},
	[&quot;ssz&quot;] = {&quot;Sengseng&quot;},
	[&quot;sta&quot;] = {&quot;Settla&quot;},
	[&quot;stb&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Subanen&quot;},
	[&quot;std&quot;] = {&quot;Sentinel&quot;},
	[&quot;ste&quot;] = {&quot;Liana-Seti&quot;},
	[&quot;stf&quot;] = {&quot;Seta&quot;},
	[&quot;stg&quot;] = {&quot;Trieng&quot;},
	[&quot;sth&quot;] = {&quot;Shelta&quot;},
	[&quot;sti&quot;] = {&quot;Bulo Stieng&quot;},
	[&quot;stj&quot;] = {&quot;Matya Samo&quot;},
	[&quot;stk&quot;] = {&quot;Arammba&quot;},
	[&quot;stl&quot;] = {&quot;Stellingwerfs&quot;},
	[&quot;stm&quot;] = {&quot;Setaman&quot;},
	[&quot;stn&quot;] = {&quot;Owa&quot;},
	[&quot;sto&quot;] = {&quot;Stoney&quot;},
	[&quot;stp&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Tepehuan&quot;},
	[&quot;stq&quot;] = {&quot;Saterfriesisch&quot;},
	[&quot;str&quot;] = {&quot;Straits Salish&quot;},
	[&quot;sts&quot;] = {&quot;Shumashti&quot;},
	[&quot;stt&quot;] = {&quot;Budeh Stieng&quot;},
	[&quot;stu&quot;] = {&quot;Samtao&quot;},
	[&quot;stv&quot;] = {&quot;Silt'e&quot;},
	[&quot;stw&quot;] = {&quot;Satawalese&quot;},
	[&quot;sty&quot;] = {&quot;Siberian Tatar&quot;},
	[&quot;sua&quot;] = {&quot;Sulka&quot;},
	[&quot;sub&quot;] = {&quot;Suku&quot;},
	[&quot;suc&quot;] = {&quot;Western Subanon&quot;},
	[&quot;sue&quot;] = {&quot;Suena&quot;},
	[&quot;sug&quot;] = {&quot;Suganga&quot;},
	[&quot;sui&quot;] = {&quot;Suki&quot;},
	[&quot;suj&quot;] = {&quot;Shubi&quot;},
	[&quot;suk&quot;] = {&quot;Sukuma&quot;},
	[&quot;sun&quot;] = {&quot;Sundanese&quot;},
	[&quot;suq&quot;] = {&quot;Suri&quot;},
	[&quot;sur&quot;] = {&quot;Mwaghavul&quot;},
	[&quot;sus&quot;] = {&quot;Susu&quot;},
	[&quot;sut&quot;] = {&quot;Subtiaba&quot;},
	[&quot;suv&quot;] = {&quot;Puroik&quot;},
	[&quot;suw&quot;] = {&quot;Sumbwa&quot;},
	[&quot;sux&quot;] = {&quot;Sumerian&quot;},
	[&quot;suy&quot;] = {&quot;Suyá&quot;},
	[&quot;suz&quot;] = {&quot;Sunwar&quot;},
	[&quot;sva&quot;] = {&quot;Svan&quot;},
	[&quot;svb&quot;] = {&quot;Ulau-Suain&quot;},
	[&quot;svc&quot;] = {&quot;Vincentian Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;sve&quot;] = {&quot;Serili&quot;},
	[&quot;svk&quot;] = {&quot;Slovakian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;svm&quot;] = {&quot;Slavomolisano&quot;},
	[&quot;svs&quot;] = {&quot;Savosavo&quot;},
	[&quot;svx&quot;] = {&quot;Skalvian&quot;},
	[&quot;swa&quot;] = {&quot;Swahili (macrolanguage)&quot;},
	[&quot;swb&quot;] = {&quot;Maore Comorian&quot;},
	[&quot;swc&quot;] = {&quot;Congo Swahili&quot;},
	[&quot;swe&quot;] = {&quot;Swedish&quot;},
	[&quot;swf&quot;] = {&quot;Sere&quot;},
	[&quot;swg&quot;] = {&quot;Swabian&quot;},
	[&quot;swh&quot;] = {&quot;Kiswahili&quot;, &quot;Swahili (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;swi&quot;] = {&quot;Sui&quot;},
	[&quot;swj&quot;] = {&quot;Sira&quot;},
	[&quot;swk&quot;] = {&quot;Malawi Sena&quot;},
	[&quot;swl&quot;] = {&quot;Swedish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;swm&quot;] = {&quot;Samosa&quot;},
	[&quot;swn&quot;] = {&quot;Sawknah&quot;},
	[&quot;swo&quot;] = {&quot;Shanenawa&quot;},
	[&quot;swp&quot;] = {&quot;Suau&quot;},
	[&quot;swq&quot;] = {&quot;Sharwa&quot;},
	[&quot;swr&quot;] = {&quot;Saweru&quot;},
	[&quot;sws&quot;] = {&quot;Seluwasan&quot;},
	[&quot;swt&quot;] = {&quot;Sawila&quot;},
	[&quot;swu&quot;] = {&quot;Suwawa&quot;},
	[&quot;swv&quot;] = {&quot;Shekhawati&quot;},
	[&quot;sww&quot;] = {&quot;Sowa&quot;},
	[&quot;swx&quot;] = {&quot;Suruahá&quot;},
	[&quot;swy&quot;] = {&quot;Sarua&quot;},
	[&quot;sxb&quot;] = {&quot;Suba&quot;},
	[&quot;sxc&quot;] = {&quot;Sicanian&quot;},
	[&quot;sxe&quot;] = {&quot;Sighu&quot;},
	[&quot;sxg&quot;] = {&quot;Shixing&quot;, &quot;Shuhi&quot;},
	[&quot;sxk&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Kalapuya&quot;},
	[&quot;sxl&quot;] = {&quot;Selian&quot;},
	[&quot;sxm&quot;] = {&quot;Samre&quot;},
	[&quot;sxn&quot;] = {&quot;Sangir&quot;},
	[&quot;sxo&quot;] = {&quot;Sorothaptic&quot;},
	[&quot;sxr&quot;] = {&quot;Saaroa&quot;},
	[&quot;sxs&quot;] = {&quot;Sasaru&quot;},
	[&quot;sxu&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Saxon&quot;},
	[&quot;sxw&quot;] = {&quot;Saxwe Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;sya&quot;] = {&quot;Siang&quot;},
	[&quot;syb&quot;] = {&quot;Central Subanen&quot;},
	[&quot;syc&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Syriac&quot;},
	[&quot;syi&quot;] = {&quot;Seki&quot;},
	[&quot;syk&quot;] = {&quot;Sukur&quot;},
	[&quot;syl&quot;] = {&quot;Sylheti&quot;},
	[&quot;sym&quot;] = {&quot;Maya Samo&quot;},
	[&quot;syn&quot;] = {&quot;Senaya&quot;},
	[&quot;syo&quot;] = {&quot;Suoy&quot;},
	[&quot;syr&quot;] = {&quot;Syriac&quot;},
	[&quot;sys&quot;] = {&quot;Sinyar&quot;},
	[&quot;syw&quot;] = {&quot;Kagate&quot;},
	[&quot;syx&quot;] = {&quot;Samay&quot;},
	[&quot;syy&quot;] = {&quot;Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;sza&quot;] = {&quot;Semelai&quot;},
	[&quot;szb&quot;] = {&quot;Ngalum&quot;},
	[&quot;szc&quot;] = {&quot;Semaq Beri&quot;},
	[&quot;szd&quot;] = {&quot;Seru&quot;},
	[&quot;sze&quot;] = {&quot;Seze&quot;},
	[&quot;szg&quot;] = {&quot;Sengele&quot;},
	[&quot;szl&quot;] = {&quot;Silesian&quot;},
	[&quot;szn&quot;] = {&quot;Sula&quot;},
	[&quot;szp&quot;] = {&quot;Suabo&quot;},
	[&quot;szs&quot;] = {&quot;Solomon Islands Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;szv&quot;] = {&quot;Isu (Fako Division)&quot;},
	[&quot;szw&quot;] = {&quot;Sawai&quot;},
	[&quot;taa&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Tanana&quot;},
	[&quot;tab&quot;] = {&quot;Tabassaran&quot;},
	[&quot;tac&quot;] = {&quot;Lowland Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;tad&quot;] = {&quot;Tause&quot;},
	[&quot;tae&quot;] = {&quot;Tariana&quot;},
	[&quot;taf&quot;] = {&quot;Tapirapé&quot;},
	[&quot;tag&quot;] = {&quot;Tagoi&quot;},
	[&quot;tah&quot;] = {&quot;Tahitian&quot;},
	[&quot;taj&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Tamang&quot;},
	[&quot;tak&quot;] = {&quot;Tala&quot;},
	[&quot;tal&quot;] = {&quot;Tal&quot;},
	[&quot;tam&quot;] = {&quot;Tamil&quot;},
	[&quot;tan&quot;] = {&quot;Tangale&quot;},
	[&quot;tao&quot;] = {&quot;Yami&quot;},
	[&quot;tap&quot;] = {&quot;Taabwa&quot;},
	[&quot;taq&quot;] = {&quot;Tamasheq&quot;},
	[&quot;tar&quot;] = {&quot;Central Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;tas&quot;] = {&quot;Tay Boi&quot;},
	[&quot;tat&quot;] = {&quot;Tatar&quot;},
	[&quot;tau&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Tanana&quot;},
	[&quot;tav&quot;] = {&quot;Tatuyo&quot;},
	[&quot;taw&quot;] = {&quot;Tai&quot;},
	[&quot;tax&quot;] = {&quot;Tamki&quot;},
	[&quot;tay&quot;] = {&quot;Atayal&quot;},
	[&quot;taz&quot;] = {&quot;Tocho&quot;},
	[&quot;tba&quot;] = {&quot;Aikanã&quot;},
	[&quot;tbb&quot;] = {&quot;Tapeba&quot;},
	[&quot;tbc&quot;] = {&quot;Takia&quot;},
	[&quot;tbd&quot;] = {&quot;Kaki Ae&quot;},
	[&quot;tbe&quot;] = {&quot;Tanimbili&quot;},
	[&quot;tbf&quot;] = {&quot;Mandara&quot;},
	[&quot;tbg&quot;] = {&quot;North Tairora&quot;},
	[&quot;tbh&quot;] = {&quot;Thurawal&quot;},
	[&quot;tbi&quot;] = {&quot;Gaam&quot;},
	[&quot;tbj&quot;] = {&quot;Tiang&quot;},
	[&quot;tbk&quot;] = {&quot;Calamian Tagbanwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tbl&quot;] = {&quot;Tboli&quot;},
	[&quot;tbm&quot;] = {&quot;Tagbu&quot;},
	[&quot;tbn&quot;] = {&quot;Barro Negro Tunebo&quot;},
	[&quot;tbo&quot;] = {&quot;Tawala&quot;},
	[&quot;tbp&quot;] = {&quot;Diebroud&quot;, &quot;Taworta&quot;},
	[&quot;tbr&quot;] = {&quot;Tumtum&quot;},
	[&quot;tbs&quot;] = {&quot;Tanguat&quot;},
	[&quot;tbt&quot;] = {&quot;Tembo (Kitembo)&quot;},
	[&quot;tbu&quot;] = {&quot;Tubar&quot;},
	[&quot;tbv&quot;] = {&quot;Tobo&quot;},
	[&quot;tbw&quot;] = {&quot;Tagbanwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tbx&quot;] = {&quot;Kapin&quot;},
	[&quot;tby&quot;] = {&quot;Tabaru&quot;},
	[&quot;tbz&quot;] = {&quot;Ditammari&quot;},
	[&quot;tca&quot;] = {&quot;Ticuna&quot;},
	[&quot;tcb&quot;] = {&quot;Tanacross&quot;},
	[&quot;tcc&quot;] = {&quot;Datooga&quot;},
	[&quot;tcd&quot;] = {&quot;Tafi&quot;},
	[&quot;tce&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Tutchone&quot;},
	[&quot;tcf&quot;] = {&quot;Malinaltepec Me'phaa&quot;, &quot;Malinaltepec Tlapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;tcg&quot;] = {&quot;Tamagario&quot;},
	[&quot;tch&quot;] = {&quot;Turks And Caicos Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;tci&quot;] = {&quot;Wára&quot;},
	[&quot;tck&quot;] = {&quot;Tchitchege&quot;},
	[&quot;tcl&quot;] = {&quot;Taman (Myanmar)&quot;},
	[&quot;tcm&quot;] = {&quot;Tanahmerah&quot;},
	[&quot;tcn&quot;] = {&quot;Tichurong&quot;},
	[&quot;tco&quot;] = {&quot;Taungyo&quot;},
	[&quot;tcp&quot;] = {&quot;Tawr Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;tcq&quot;] = {&quot;Kaiy&quot;},
	[&quot;tcs&quot;] = {&quot;Torres Strait Creole&quot;},
	[&quot;tct&quot;] = {&quot;T'en&quot;},
	[&quot;tcu&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;tcw&quot;] = {&quot;Tecpatlán Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tcx&quot;] = {&quot;Toda&quot;},
	[&quot;tcy&quot;] = {&quot;Tulu&quot;},
	[&quot;tcz&quot;] = {&quot;Thado Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;tda&quot;] = {&quot;Tagdal&quot;},
	[&quot;tdb&quot;] = {&quot;Panchpargania&quot;},
	[&quot;tdc&quot;] = {&quot;Emberá-Tadó&quot;},
	[&quot;tdd&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Nüa&quot;},
	[&quot;tde&quot;] = {&quot;Tiranige Diga Dogon&quot;},
	[&quot;tdf&quot;] = {&quot;Talieng&quot;},
	[&quot;tdg&quot;] = {&quot;Western Tamang&quot;},
	[&quot;tdh&quot;] = {&quot;Thulung&quot;},
	[&quot;tdi&quot;] = {&quot;Tomadino&quot;},
	[&quot;tdj&quot;] = {&quot;Tajio&quot;},
	[&quot;tdk&quot;] = {&quot;Tambas&quot;},
	[&quot;tdl&quot;] = {&quot;Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;tdm&quot;] = {&quot;Taruma&quot;},
	[&quot;tdn&quot;] = {&quot;Tondano&quot;},
	[&quot;tdo&quot;] = {&quot;Teme&quot;},
	[&quot;tdq&quot;] = {&quot;Tita&quot;},
	[&quot;tdr&quot;] = {&quot;Todrah&quot;},
	[&quot;tds&quot;] = {&quot;Doutai&quot;},
	[&quot;tdt&quot;] = {&quot;Tetun Dili&quot;},
	[&quot;tdv&quot;] = {&quot;Toro&quot;},
	[&quot;tdx&quot;] = {&quot;Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;tdy&quot;] = {&quot;Tadyawan&quot;},
	[&quot;tea&quot;] = {&quot;Temiar&quot;},
	[&quot;teb&quot;] = {&quot;Tetete&quot;},
	[&quot;tec&quot;] = {&quot;Terik&quot;},
	[&quot;ted&quot;] = {&quot;Tepo Krumen&quot;},
	[&quot;tee&quot;] = {&quot;Huehuetla Tepehua&quot;},
	[&quot;tef&quot;] = {&quot;Teressa&quot;},
	[&quot;teg&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Tege&quot;},
	[&quot;teh&quot;] = {&quot;Tehuelche&quot;},
	[&quot;tei&quot;] = {&quot;Torricelli&quot;},
	[&quot;tek&quot;] = {&quot;Ibali Teke&quot;},
	[&quot;tel&quot;] = {&quot;Telugu&quot;},
	[&quot;tem&quot;] = {&quot;Timne&quot;},
	[&quot;ten&quot;] = {&quot;Tama (Colombia)&quot;},
	[&quot;teo&quot;] = {&quot;Teso&quot;},
	[&quot;tep&quot;] = {&quot;Tepecano&quot;},
	[&quot;teq&quot;] = {&quot;Temein&quot;},
	[&quot;ter&quot;] = {&quot;Tereno&quot;},
	[&quot;tes&quot;] = {&quot;Tengger&quot;},
	[&quot;tet&quot;] = {&quot;Tetum&quot;},
	[&quot;teu&quot;] = {&quot;Soo&quot;},
	[&quot;tev&quot;] = {&quot;Teor&quot;},
	[&quot;tew&quot;] = {&quot;Tewa (USA)&quot;},
	[&quot;tex&quot;] = {&quot;Tennet&quot;},
	[&quot;tey&quot;] = {&quot;Tulishi&quot;},
	[&quot;tez&quot;] = {&quot;Tetserret&quot;},
	[&quot;tfi&quot;] = {&quot;Tofin Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;tfn&quot;] = {&quot;Tanaina&quot;},
	[&quot;tfo&quot;] = {&quot;Tefaro&quot;},
	[&quot;tfr&quot;] = {&quot;Teribe&quot;},
	[&quot;tft&quot;] = {&quot;Ternate&quot;},
	[&quot;tga&quot;] = {&quot;Sagalla&quot;},
	[&quot;tgb&quot;] = {&quot;Tobilung&quot;},
	[&quot;tgc&quot;] = {&quot;Tigak&quot;},
	[&quot;tgd&quot;] = {&quot;Ciwogai&quot;},
	[&quot;tge&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Gorkha Tamang&quot;},
	[&quot;tgf&quot;] = {&quot;Chalikha&quot;},
	[&quot;tgh&quot;] = {&quot;Tobagonian Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;tgi&quot;] = {&quot;Lawunuia&quot;},
	[&quot;tgj&quot;] = {&quot;Tagin&quot;},
	[&quot;tgk&quot;] = {&quot;Tajik&quot;},
	[&quot;tgl&quot;] = {&quot;Tagalog&quot;},
	[&quot;tgn&quot;] = {&quot;Tandaganon&quot;},
	[&quot;tgo&quot;] = {&quot;Sudest&quot;},
	[&quot;tgp&quot;] = {&quot;Tangoa&quot;},
	[&quot;tgq&quot;] = {&quot;Tring&quot;},
	[&quot;tgr&quot;] = {&quot;Tareng&quot;},
	[&quot;tgs&quot;] = {&quot;Nume&quot;},
	[&quot;tgt&quot;] = {&quot;Central Tagbanwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tgu&quot;] = {&quot;Tanggu&quot;},
	[&quot;tgv&quot;] = {&quot;Tingui-Boto&quot;},
	[&quot;tgw&quot;] = {&quot;Tagwana Senoufo&quot;},
	[&quot;tgx&quot;] = {&quot;Tagish&quot;},
	[&quot;tgy&quot;] = {&quot;Togoyo&quot;},
	[&quot;tgz&quot;] = {&quot;Tagalaka&quot;},
	[&quot;tha&quot;] = {&quot;Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;thd&quot;] = {&quot;Thayore&quot;},
	[&quot;the&quot;] = {&quot;Chitwania Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;thf&quot;] = {&quot;Thangmi&quot;},
	[&quot;thh&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;thi&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Long&quot;},
	[&quot;thk&quot;] = {&quot;Kitharaka&quot;, &quot;Tharaka&quot;},
	[&quot;thl&quot;] = {&quot;Dangaura Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;thm&quot;] = {&quot;Aheu&quot;},
	[&quot;thn&quot;] = {&quot;Thachanadan&quot;},
	[&quot;thp&quot;] = {&quot;Thompson&quot;},
	[&quot;thq&quot;] = {&quot;Kochila Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;thr&quot;] = {&quot;Rana Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;ths&quot;] = {&quot;Thakali&quot;},
	[&quot;tht&quot;] = {&quot;Tahltan&quot;},
	[&quot;thu&quot;] = {&quot;Thuri&quot;},
	[&quot;thv&quot;] = {&quot;Tahaggart Tamahaq&quot;},
	[&quot;thw&quot;] = {&quot;Thudam&quot;},
	[&quot;thy&quot;] = {&quot;Tha&quot;},
	[&quot;thz&quot;] = {&quot;Tayart Tamajeq&quot;},
	[&quot;tia&quot;] = {&quot;Tidikelt Tamazight&quot;},
	[&quot;tic&quot;] = {&quot;Tira&quot;},
	[&quot;tif&quot;] = {&quot;Tifal&quot;},
	[&quot;tig&quot;] = {&quot;Tigre&quot;},
	[&quot;tih&quot;] = {&quot;Timugon Murut&quot;},
	[&quot;tii&quot;] = {&quot;Tiene&quot;},
	[&quot;tij&quot;] = {&quot;Tilung&quot;},
	[&quot;tik&quot;] = {&quot;Tikar&quot;},
	[&quot;til&quot;] = {&quot;Tillamook&quot;},
	[&quot;tim&quot;] = {&quot;Timbe&quot;},
	[&quot;tin&quot;] = {&quot;Tindi&quot;},
	[&quot;tio&quot;] = {&quot;Teop&quot;},
	[&quot;tip&quot;] = {&quot;Trimuris&quot;},
	[&quot;tiq&quot;] = {&quot;Tiéfo&quot;},
	[&quot;tir&quot;] = {&quot;Tigrinya&quot;},
	[&quot;tis&quot;] = {&quot;Masadiit Itneg&quot;},
	[&quot;tit&quot;] = {&quot;Tinigua&quot;},
	[&quot;tiu&quot;] = {&quot;Adasen&quot;},
	[&quot;tiv&quot;] = {&quot;Tiv&quot;},
	[&quot;tiw&quot;] = {&quot;Tiwi&quot;},
	[&quot;tix&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Tiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tiy&quot;] = {&quot;Tiruray&quot;},
	[&quot;tiz&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Hongjin&quot;},
	[&quot;tja&quot;] = {&quot;Tajuasohn&quot;},
	[&quot;tjg&quot;] = {&quot;Tunjung&quot;},
	[&quot;tji&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tujia&quot;},
	[&quot;tjl&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Laing&quot;},
	[&quot;tjm&quot;] = {&quot;Timucua&quot;},
	[&quot;tjn&quot;] = {&quot;Tonjon&quot;},
	[&quot;tjo&quot;] = {&quot;Temacine Tamazight&quot;},
	[&quot;tjs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Tujia&quot;},
	[&quot;tju&quot;] = {&quot;Tjurruru&quot;},
	[&quot;tjw&quot;] = {&quot;Djabwurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;tka&quot;] = {&quot;Truká&quot;},
	[&quot;tkb&quot;] = {&quot;Buksa&quot;},
	[&quot;tkd&quot;] = {&quot;Tukudede&quot;},
	[&quot;tke&quot;] = {&quot;Takwane&quot;},
	[&quot;tkf&quot;] = {&quot;Tukumanféd&quot;},
	[&quot;tkg&quot;] = {&quot;Tesaka Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;tkl&quot;] = {&quot;Tokelau&quot;},
	[&quot;tkm&quot;] = {&quot;Takelma&quot;},
	[&quot;tkn&quot;] = {&quot;Toku-No-Shima&quot;},
	[&quot;tkp&quot;] = {&quot;Tikopia&quot;},
	[&quot;tkq&quot;] = {&quot;Tee&quot;},
	[&quot;tkr&quot;] = {&quot;Tsakhur&quot;},
	[&quot;tks&quot;] = {&quot;Takestani&quot;},
	[&quot;tkt&quot;] = {&quot;Kathoriya Tharu&quot;},
	[&quot;tku&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Necaxa Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tkv&quot;] = {&quot;Mur Pano&quot;},
	[&quot;tkw&quot;] = {&quot;Teanu&quot;},
	[&quot;tkx&quot;] = {&quot;Tangko&quot;},
	[&quot;tkz&quot;] = {&quot;Takua&quot;},
	[&quot;tla&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Tepehuan&quot;},
	[&quot;tlb&quot;] = {&quot;Tobelo&quot;},
	[&quot;tlc&quot;] = {&quot;Yecuatla Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tld&quot;] = {&quot;Talaud&quot;},
	[&quot;tlf&quot;] = {&quot;Telefol&quot;},
	[&quot;tlg&quot;] = {&quot;Tofanma&quot;},
	[&quot;tlh&quot;] = {&quot;Klingon&quot;, &quot;tlhIngan Hol&quot;},
	[&quot;tli&quot;] = {&quot;Tlingit&quot;},
	[&quot;tlj&quot;] = {&quot;Talinga-Bwisi&quot;},
	[&quot;tlk&quot;] = {&quot;Taloki&quot;},
	[&quot;tll&quot;] = {&quot;Tetela&quot;},
	[&quot;tlm&quot;] = {&quot;Tolomako&quot;},
	[&quot;tln&quot;] = {&quot;Talondo'&quot;},
	[&quot;tlo&quot;] = {&quot;Talodi&quot;},
	[&quot;tlp&quot;] = {&quot;Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tlq&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Loi&quot;},
	[&quot;tlr&quot;] = {&quot;Talise&quot;},
	[&quot;tls&quot;] = {&quot;Tambotalo&quot;},
	[&quot;tlt&quot;] = {&quot;Sou Nama&quot;, &quot;Teluti&quot;},
	[&quot;tlu&quot;] = {&quot;Tulehu&quot;},
	[&quot;tlv&quot;] = {&quot;Taliabu&quot;},
	[&quot;tlx&quot;] = {&quot;Khehek&quot;},
	[&quot;tly&quot;] = {&quot;Talysh&quot;},
	[&quot;tma&quot;] = {&quot;Tama (Chad)&quot;},
	[&quot;tmb&quot;] = {&quot;Avava&quot;, &quot;Katbol&quot;},
	[&quot;tmc&quot;] = {&quot;Tumak&quot;},
	[&quot;tmd&quot;] = {&quot;Haruai&quot;},
	[&quot;tme&quot;] = {&quot;Tremembé&quot;},
	[&quot;tmf&quot;] = {&quot;Toba-Maskoy&quot;},
	[&quot;tmg&quot;] = {&quot;Ternateño&quot;},
	[&quot;tmh&quot;] = {&quot;Tamashek&quot;},
	[&quot;tmi&quot;] = {&quot;Tutuba&quot;},
	[&quot;tmj&quot;] = {&quot;Samarokena&quot;},
	[&quot;tmk&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern Tamang&quot;},
	[&quot;tml&quot;] = {&quot;Tamnim Citak&quot;},
	[&quot;tmm&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Thanh&quot;},
	[&quot;tmn&quot;] = {&quot;Taman (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;tmo&quot;] = {&quot;Temoq&quot;},
	[&quot;tmq&quot;] = {&quot;Tumleo&quot;},
	[&quot;tmr&quot;] = {&quot;Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (ca. 200-1200 CE)&quot;},
	[&quot;tms&quot;] = {&quot;Tima&quot;},
	[&quot;tmt&quot;] = {&quot;Tasmate&quot;},
	[&quot;tmu&quot;] = {&quot;Iau&quot;},
	[&quot;tmv&quot;] = {&quot;Tembo (Motembo)&quot;},
	[&quot;tmw&quot;] = {&quot;Temuan&quot;},
	[&quot;tmy&quot;] = {&quot;Tami&quot;},
	[&quot;tmz&quot;] = {&quot;Tamanaku&quot;},
	[&quot;tna&quot;] = {&quot;Tacana&quot;},
	[&quot;tnb&quot;] = {&quot;Western Tunebo&quot;},
	[&quot;tnc&quot;] = {&quot;Tanimuca-Retuarã&quot;},
	[&quot;tnd&quot;] = {&quot;Angosturas Tunebo&quot;},
	[&quot;tng&quot;] = {&quot;Tobanga&quot;},
	[&quot;tnh&quot;] = {&quot;Maiani&quot;},
	[&quot;tni&quot;] = {&quot;Tandia&quot;},
	[&quot;tnk&quot;] = {&quot;Kwamera&quot;},
	[&quot;tnl&quot;] = {&quot;Lenakel&quot;},
	[&quot;tnm&quot;] = {&quot;Tabla&quot;},
	[&quot;tnn&quot;] = {&quot;North Tanna&quot;},
	[&quot;tno&quot;] = {&quot;Toromono&quot;},
	[&quot;tnp&quot;] = {&quot;Whitesands&quot;},
	[&quot;tnq&quot;] = {&quot;Taino&quot;},
	[&quot;tnr&quot;] = {&quot;Ménik&quot;},
	[&quot;tns&quot;] = {&quot;Tenis&quot;},
	[&quot;tnt&quot;] = {&quot;Tontemboan&quot;},
	[&quot;tnu&quot;] = {&quot;Tay Khang&quot;},
	[&quot;tnv&quot;] = {&quot;Tangchangya&quot;},
	[&quot;tnw&quot;] = {&quot;Tonsawang&quot;},
	[&quot;tnx&quot;] = {&quot;Tanema&quot;},
	[&quot;tny&quot;] = {&quot;Tongwe&quot;},
	[&quot;tnz&quot;] = {&quot;Ten'edn&quot;},
	[&quot;tob&quot;] = {&quot;Toba&quot;},
	[&quot;toc&quot;] = {&quot;Coyutla Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tod&quot;] = {&quot;Toma&quot;},
	[&quot;tof&quot;] = {&quot;Gizrra&quot;},
	[&quot;tog&quot;] = {&quot;Tonga (Nyasa)&quot;},
	[&quot;toh&quot;] = {&quot;Gitonga&quot;},
	[&quot;toi&quot;] = {&quot;Tonga (Zambia)&quot;},
	[&quot;toj&quot;] = {&quot;Tojolabal&quot;},
	[&quot;tol&quot;] = {&quot;Tolowa&quot;},
	[&quot;tom&quot;] = {&quot;Tombulu&quot;},
	[&quot;ton&quot;] = {&quot;Tonga (Tonga Islands)&quot;},
	[&quot;too&quot;] = {&quot;Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;top&quot;] = {&quot;Papantla Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;toq&quot;] = {&quot;Toposa&quot;},
	[&quot;tor&quot;] = {&quot;Togbo-Vara Banda&quot;},
	[&quot;tos&quot;] = {&quot;Highland Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tou&quot;] = {&quot;Tho&quot;},
	[&quot;tov&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Taromi&quot;},
	[&quot;tow&quot;] = {&quot;Jemez&quot;},
	[&quot;tox&quot;] = {&quot;Tobian&quot;},
	[&quot;toy&quot;] = {&quot;Topoiyo&quot;},
	[&quot;toz&quot;] = {&quot;To&quot;},
	[&quot;tpa&quot;] = {&quot;Taupota&quot;},
	[&quot;tpc&quot;] = {&quot;Azoyú Me'phaa&quot;, &quot;Azoyú Tlapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;tpe&quot;] = {&quot;Tippera&quot;},
	[&quot;tpf&quot;] = {&quot;Tarpia&quot;},
	[&quot;tpg&quot;] = {&quot;Kula&quot;},
	[&quot;tpi&quot;] = {&quot;Tok Pisin&quot;},
	[&quot;tpj&quot;] = {&quot;Tapieté&quot;},
	[&quot;tpk&quot;] = {&quot;Tupinikin&quot;},
	[&quot;tpl&quot;] = {&quot;Tlacoapa Me'phaa&quot;, &quot;Tlacoapa Tlapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;tpm&quot;] = {&quot;Tampulma&quot;},
	[&quot;tpn&quot;] = {&quot;Tupinambá&quot;},
	[&quot;tpo&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Pao&quot;},
	[&quot;tpp&quot;] = {&quot;Pisaflores Tepehua&quot;},
	[&quot;tpq&quot;] = {&quot;Tukpa&quot;},
	[&quot;tpr&quot;] = {&quot;Tuparí&quot;},
	[&quot;tpt&quot;] = {&quot;Tlachichilco Tepehua&quot;},
	[&quot;tpu&quot;] = {&quot;Tampuan&quot;},
	[&quot;tpv&quot;] = {&quot;Tanapag&quot;},
	[&quot;tpw&quot;] = {&quot;Tupí&quot;},
	[&quot;tpx&quot;] = {&quot;Acatepec Me'phaa&quot;, &quot;Acatepec Tlapanec&quot;},
	[&quot;tpy&quot;] = {&quot;Trumai&quot;},
	[&quot;tpz&quot;] = {&quot;Tinputz&quot;},
	[&quot;tqb&quot;] = {&quot;Tembé&quot;},
	[&quot;tql&quot;] = {&quot;Lehali&quot;},
	[&quot;tqm&quot;] = {&quot;Turumsa&quot;},
	[&quot;tqn&quot;] = {&quot;Tenino&quot;},
	[&quot;tqo&quot;] = {&quot;Toaripi&quot;},
	[&quot;tqp&quot;] = {&quot;Tomoip&quot;},
	[&quot;tqq&quot;] = {&quot;Tunni&quot;},
	[&quot;tqr&quot;] = {&quot;Torona&quot;},
	[&quot;tqt&quot;] = {&quot;Western Totonac&quot;},
	[&quot;tqu&quot;] = {&quot;Touo&quot;},
	[&quot;tqw&quot;] = {&quot;Tonkawa&quot;},
	[&quot;tra&quot;] = {&quot;Tirahi&quot;},
	[&quot;trb&quot;] = {&quot;Terebu&quot;},
	[&quot;trc&quot;] = {&quot;Copala Triqui&quot;},
	[&quot;trd&quot;] = {&quot;Turi&quot;},
	[&quot;tre&quot;] = {&quot;East Tarangan&quot;},
	[&quot;trf&quot;] = {&quot;Trinidadian Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;trg&quot;] = {&quot;Lishán Didán&quot;},
	[&quot;trh&quot;] = {&quot;Turaka&quot;},
	[&quot;tri&quot;] = {&quot;Trió&quot;},
	[&quot;trj&quot;] = {&quot;Toram&quot;},
	[&quot;trl&quot;] = {&quot;Traveller Scottish&quot;},
	[&quot;trm&quot;] = {&quot;Tregami&quot;},
	[&quot;trn&quot;] = {&quot;Trinitario&quot;},
	[&quot;tro&quot;] = {&quot;Tarao Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;trp&quot;] = {&quot;Kok Borok&quot;},
	[&quot;trq&quot;] = {&quot;San Martín Itunyoso Triqui&quot;},
	[&quot;trr&quot;] = {&quot;Taushiro&quot;},
	[&quot;trs&quot;] = {&quot;Chicahuaxtla Triqui&quot;},
	[&quot;trt&quot;] = {&quot;Tunggare&quot;},
	[&quot;tru&quot;] = {&quot;Surayt&quot;, &quot;Turoyo&quot;},
	[&quot;trv&quot;] = {&quot;Taroko&quot;},
	[&quot;trw&quot;] = {&quot;Torwali&quot;},
	[&quot;trx&quot;] = {&quot;Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh&quot;},
	[&quot;try&quot;] = {&quot;Turung&quot;},
	[&quot;trz&quot;] = {&quot;Torá&quot;},
	[&quot;tsa&quot;] = {&quot;Tsaangi&quot;},
	[&quot;tsb&quot;] = {&quot;Tsamai&quot;},
	[&quot;tsc&quot;] = {&quot;Tswa&quot;},
	[&quot;tsd&quot;] = {&quot;Tsakonian&quot;},
	[&quot;tse&quot;] = {&quot;Tunisian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tsg&quot;] = {&quot;Tausug&quot;},
	[&quot;tsh&quot;] = {&quot;Tsuvan&quot;},
	[&quot;tsi&quot;] = {&quot;Tsimshian&quot;},
	[&quot;tsj&quot;] = {&quot;Tshangla&quot;},
	[&quot;tsk&quot;] = {&quot;Tseku&quot;},
	[&quot;tsl&quot;] = {&quot;Ts'ün-Lao&quot;},
	[&quot;tsm&quot;] = {&quot;Türk İşaret Dili&quot;, &quot;Turkish Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tsn&quot;] = {&quot;Tswana&quot;},
	[&quot;tso&quot;] = {&quot;Tsonga&quot;},
	[&quot;tsp&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Toussian&quot;},
	[&quot;tsq&quot;] = {&quot;Thai Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tsr&quot;] = {&quot;Akei&quot;},
	[&quot;tss&quot;] = {&quot;Taiwan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tst&quot;] = {&quot;Tondi Songway Kiini&quot;},
	[&quot;tsu&quot;] = {&quot;Tsou&quot;},
	[&quot;tsv&quot;] = {&quot;Tsogo&quot;},
	[&quot;tsw&quot;] = {&quot;Tsishingini&quot;},
	[&quot;tsx&quot;] = {&quot;Mubami&quot;},
	[&quot;tsy&quot;] = {&quot;Tebul Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tsz&quot;] = {&quot;Purepecha&quot;},
	[&quot;tta&quot;] = {&quot;Tutelo&quot;},
	[&quot;ttb&quot;] = {&quot;Gaa&quot;},
	[&quot;ttc&quot;] = {&quot;Tektiteko&quot;},
	[&quot;ttd&quot;] = {&quot;Tauade&quot;},
	[&quot;tte&quot;] = {&quot;Bwanabwana&quot;},
	[&quot;ttf&quot;] = {&quot;Tuotomb&quot;},
	[&quot;ttg&quot;] = {&quot;Tutong&quot;},
	[&quot;tth&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Ta'oih&quot;},
	[&quot;tti&quot;] = {&quot;Tobati&quot;},
	[&quot;ttj&quot;] = {&quot;Tooro&quot;},
	[&quot;ttk&quot;] = {&quot;Totoro&quot;},
	[&quot;ttl&quot;] = {&quot;Totela&quot;},
	[&quot;ttm&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tutchone&quot;},
	[&quot;ttn&quot;] = {&quot;Towei&quot;},
	[&quot;tto&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Ta'oih&quot;},
	[&quot;ttp&quot;] = {&quot;Tombelala&quot;},
	[&quot;ttq&quot;] = {&quot;Tawallammat Tamajaq&quot;},
	[&quot;ttr&quot;] = {&quot;Tera&quot;},
	[&quot;tts&quot;] = {&quot;Northeastern Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;ttt&quot;] = {&quot;Muslim Tat&quot;},
	[&quot;ttu&quot;] = {&quot;Torau&quot;},
	[&quot;ttv&quot;] = {&quot;Titan&quot;},
	[&quot;ttw&quot;] = {&quot;Long Wat&quot;},
	[&quot;tty&quot;] = {&quot;Sikaritai&quot;},
	[&quot;ttz&quot;] = {&quot;Tsum&quot;},
	[&quot;tua&quot;] = {&quot;Wiarumus&quot;},
	[&quot;tub&quot;] = {&quot;Tübatulabal&quot;},
	[&quot;tuc&quot;] = {&quot;Mutu&quot;},
	[&quot;tud&quot;] = {&quot;Tuxá&quot;},
	[&quot;tue&quot;] = {&quot;Tuyuca&quot;},
	[&quot;tuf&quot;] = {&quot;Central Tunebo&quot;},
	[&quot;tug&quot;] = {&quot;Tunia&quot;},
	[&quot;tuh&quot;] = {&quot;Taulil&quot;},
	[&quot;tui&quot;] = {&quot;Tupuri&quot;},
	[&quot;tuj&quot;] = {&quot;Tugutil&quot;},
	[&quot;tuk&quot;] = {&quot;Turkmen&quot;},
	[&quot;tul&quot;] = {&quot;Tula&quot;},
	[&quot;tum&quot;] = {&quot;Tumbuka&quot;},
	[&quot;tun&quot;] = {&quot;Tunica&quot;},
	[&quot;tuo&quot;] = {&quot;Tucano&quot;},
	[&quot;tuq&quot;] = {&quot;Tedaga&quot;},
	[&quot;tur&quot;] = {&quot;Turkish&quot;},
	[&quot;tus&quot;] = {&quot;Tuscarora&quot;},
	[&quot;tuu&quot;] = {&quot;Tututni&quot;},
	[&quot;tuv&quot;] = {&quot;Turkana&quot;},
	[&quot;tux&quot;] = {&quot;Tuxináwa&quot;},
	[&quot;tuy&quot;] = {&quot;Tugen&quot;},
	[&quot;tuz&quot;] = {&quot;Turka&quot;},
	[&quot;tva&quot;] = {&quot;Vaghua&quot;},
	[&quot;tvd&quot;] = {&quot;Tsuvadi&quot;},
	[&quot;tve&quot;] = {&quot;Te'un&quot;},
	[&quot;tvk&quot;] = {&quot;Southeast Ambrym&quot;},
	[&quot;tvl&quot;] = {&quot;Tuvalu&quot;},
	[&quot;tvm&quot;] = {&quot;Tela-Masbuar&quot;},
	[&quot;tvn&quot;] = {&quot;Tavoyan&quot;},
	[&quot;tvo&quot;] = {&quot;Tidore&quot;},
	[&quot;tvs&quot;] = {&quot;Taveta&quot;},
	[&quot;tvt&quot;] = {&quot;Tutsa Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;tvu&quot;] = {&quot;Tunen&quot;},
	[&quot;tvw&quot;] = {&quot;Sedoa&quot;},
	[&quot;tvy&quot;] = {&quot;Timor Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;twa&quot;] = {&quot;Twana&quot;},
	[&quot;twb&quot;] = {&quot;Western Tawbuid&quot;},
	[&quot;twc&quot;] = {&quot;Teshenawa&quot;},
	[&quot;twd&quot;] = {&quot;Twents&quot;},
	[&quot;twe&quot;] = {&quot;Tewa (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;twf&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;twg&quot;] = {&quot;Tereweng&quot;},
	[&quot;twh&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Dón&quot;},
	[&quot;twi&quot;] = {&quot;Twi&quot;},
	[&quot;twl&quot;] = {&quot;Tawara&quot;},
	[&quot;twm&quot;] = {&quot;Tawang Monpa&quot;},
	[&quot;twn&quot;] = {&quot;Twendi&quot;},
	[&quot;two&quot;] = {&quot;Tswapong&quot;},
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = {&quot;Ere&quot;},
	[&quot;twq&quot;] = {&quot;Tasawaq&quot;},
	[&quot;twr&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Tarahumara&quot;},
	[&quot;twt&quot;] = {&quot;Turiwára&quot;},
	[&quot;twu&quot;] = {&quot;Termanu&quot;},
	[&quot;tww&quot;] = {&quot;Tuwari&quot;},
	[&quot;twx&quot;] = {&quot;Tewe&quot;},
	[&quot;twy&quot;] = {&quot;Tawoyan&quot;},
	[&quot;txa&quot;] = {&quot;Tombonuo&quot;},
	[&quot;txb&quot;] = {&quot;Tokharian B&quot;},
	[&quot;txc&quot;] = {&quot;Tsetsaut&quot;},
	[&quot;txe&quot;] = {&quot;Totoli&quot;},
	[&quot;txg&quot;] = {&quot;Tangut&quot;},
	[&quot;txh&quot;] = {&quot;Thracian&quot;},
	[&quot;txi&quot;] = {&quot;Ikpeng&quot;},
	[&quot;txj&quot;] = {&quot;Tarjumo&quot;},
	[&quot;txm&quot;] = {&quot;Tomini&quot;},
	[&quot;txn&quot;] = {&quot;West Tarangan&quot;},
	[&quot;txo&quot;] = {&quot;Toto&quot;},
	[&quot;txq&quot;] = {&quot;Tii&quot;},
	[&quot;txr&quot;] = {&quot;Tartessian&quot;},
	[&quot;txs&quot;] = {&quot;Tonsea&quot;},
	[&quot;txt&quot;] = {&quot;Citak&quot;},
	[&quot;txu&quot;] = {&quot;Kayapó&quot;},
	[&quot;txx&quot;] = {&quot;Tatana&quot;},
	[&quot;txy&quot;] = {&quot;Tanosy Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;tya&quot;] = {&quot;Tauya&quot;},
	[&quot;tye&quot;] = {&quot;Kyanga&quot;},
	[&quot;tyh&quot;] = {&quot;O'du&quot;},
	[&quot;tyi&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Tsaayi&quot;},
	[&quot;tyj&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Do&quot;, &quot;Tai Yo&quot;},
	[&quot;tyl&quot;] = {&quot;Thu Lao&quot;},
	[&quot;tyn&quot;] = {&quot;Kombai&quot;},
	[&quot;typ&quot;] = {&quot;Thaypan&quot;},
	[&quot;tyr&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Daeng&quot;},
	[&quot;tys&quot;] = {&quot;Tày Sa Pa&quot;},
	[&quot;tyt&quot;] = {&quot;Tày Tac&quot;},
	[&quot;tyu&quot;] = {&quot;Kua&quot;},
	[&quot;tyv&quot;] = {&quot;Tuvinian&quot;},
	[&quot;tyx&quot;] = {&quot;Teke-Tyee&quot;},
	[&quot;tyz&quot;] = {&quot;Tày&quot;},
	[&quot;tza&quot;] = {&quot;Tanzanian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;tzh&quot;] = {&quot;Tzeltal&quot;},
	[&quot;tzj&quot;] = {&quot;Tz'utujil&quot;},
	[&quot;tzl&quot;] = {&quot;Talossan&quot;},
	[&quot;tzm&quot;] = {&quot;Central Atlas Tamazight&quot;},
	[&quot;tzn&quot;] = {&quot;Tugun&quot;},
	[&quot;tzo&quot;] = {&quot;Tzotzil&quot;},
	[&quot;tzx&quot;] = {&quot;Tabriak&quot;},
	[&quot;uam&quot;] = {&quot;Uamué&quot;},
	[&quot;uan&quot;] = {&quot;Kuan&quot;},
	[&quot;uar&quot;] = {&quot;Tairuma&quot;},
	[&quot;uba&quot;] = {&quot;Ubang&quot;},
	[&quot;ubi&quot;] = {&quot;Ubi&quot;},
	[&quot;ubl&quot;] = {&quot;Buhi'non Bikol&quot;},
	[&quot;ubr&quot;] = {&quot;Ubir&quot;},
	[&quot;ubu&quot;] = {&quot;Umbu-Ungu&quot;},
	[&quot;uby&quot;] = {&quot;Ubykh&quot;},
	[&quot;uda&quot;] = {&quot;Uda&quot;},
	[&quot;ude&quot;] = {&quot;Udihe&quot;},
	[&quot;udg&quot;] = {&quot;Muduga&quot;},
	[&quot;udi&quot;] = {&quot;Udi&quot;},
	[&quot;udj&quot;] = {&quot;Ujir&quot;},
	[&quot;udl&quot;] = {&quot;Wuzlam&quot;},
	[&quot;udm&quot;] = {&quot;Udmurt&quot;},
	[&quot;udu&quot;] = {&quot;Uduk&quot;},
	[&quot;ues&quot;] = {&quot;Kioko&quot;},
	[&quot;ufi&quot;] = {&quot;Ufim&quot;},
	[&quot;uga&quot;] = {&quot;Ugaritic&quot;},
	[&quot;ugb&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Ugbanh&quot;},
	[&quot;uge&quot;] = {&quot;Ughele&quot;},
	[&quot;ugn&quot;] = {&quot;Ugandan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ugo&quot;] = {&quot;Ugong&quot;},
	[&quot;ugy&quot;] = {&quot;Uruguayan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;uha&quot;] = {&quot;Uhami&quot;},
	[&quot;uhn&quot;] = {&quot;Damal&quot;},
	[&quot;uig&quot;] = {&quot;Uighur&quot;, &quot;Uyghur&quot;},
	[&quot;uis&quot;] = {&quot;Uisai&quot;},
	[&quot;uiv&quot;] = {&quot;Iyive&quot;},
	[&quot;uji&quot;] = {&quot;Tanjijili&quot;},
	[&quot;uka&quot;] = {&quot;Kaburi&quot;},
	[&quot;ukg&quot;] = {&quot;Ukuriguma&quot;},
	[&quot;ukh&quot;] = {&quot;Ukhwejo&quot;},
	[&quot;ukk&quot;] = {&quot;Muak Sa-aak&quot;},
	[&quot;ukl&quot;] = {&quot;Ukrainian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ukp&quot;] = {&quot;Ukpe-Bayobiri&quot;},
	[&quot;ukq&quot;] = {&quot;Ukwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ukr&quot;] = {&quot;Ukrainian&quot;},
	[&quot;uks&quot;] = {&quot;Kaapor Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;uku&quot;] = {&quot;Ukue&quot;},
	[&quot;ukw&quot;] = {&quot;Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni&quot;},
	[&quot;uky&quot;] = {&quot;Kuuk-Yak&quot;},
	[&quot;ula&quot;] = {&quot;Fungwa&quot;},
	[&quot;ulb&quot;] = {&quot;Ulukwumi&quot;},
	[&quot;ulc&quot;] = {&quot;Ulch&quot;},
	[&quot;ule&quot;] = {&quot;Lule&quot;},
	[&quot;ulf&quot;] = {&quot;Afra&quot;, &quot;Usku&quot;},
	[&quot;uli&quot;] = {&quot;Ulithian&quot;},
	[&quot;ulk&quot;] = {&quot;Meriam&quot;},
	[&quot;ull&quot;] = {&quot;Ullatan&quot;},
	[&quot;ulm&quot;] = {&quot;Ulumanda'&quot;},
	[&quot;uln&quot;] = {&quot;Unserdeutsch&quot;},
	[&quot;ulu&quot;] = {&quot;Uma' Lung&quot;},
	[&quot;ulw&quot;] = {&quot;Ulwa&quot;},
	[&quot;uma&quot;] = {&quot;Umatilla&quot;},
	[&quot;umb&quot;] = {&quot;Umbundu&quot;},
	[&quot;umc&quot;] = {&quot;Marrucinian&quot;},
	[&quot;umd&quot;] = {&quot;Umbindhamu&quot;},
	[&quot;umg&quot;] = {&quot;Umbuygamu&quot;},
	[&quot;umi&quot;] = {&quot;Ukit&quot;},
	[&quot;umm&quot;] = {&quot;Umon&quot;},
	[&quot;umn&quot;] = {&quot;Makyan Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;umo&quot;] = {&quot;Umotína&quot;},
	[&quot;ump&quot;] = {&quot;Umpila&quot;},
	[&quot;umr&quot;] = {&quot;Umbugarla&quot;},
	[&quot;ums&quot;] = {&quot;Pendau&quot;},
	[&quot;umu&quot;] = {&quot;Munsee&quot;},
	[&quot;una&quot;] = {&quot;North Watut&quot;},
	[&quot;und&quot;] = {&quot;Undetermined&quot;},
	[&quot;une&quot;] = {&quot;Uneme&quot;},
	[&quot;ung&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarinyin&quot;},
	[&quot;unk&quot;] = {&quot;Enawené-Nawé&quot;},
	[&quot;unm&quot;] = {&quot;Unami&quot;},
	[&quot;unn&quot;] = {&quot;Kurnai&quot;},
	[&quot;unr&quot;] = {&quot;Mundari&quot;},
	[&quot;unu&quot;] = {&quot;Unubahe&quot;},
	[&quot;unx&quot;] = {&quot;Munda&quot;},
	[&quot;unz&quot;] = {&quot;Unde Kaili&quot;},
	[&quot;upi&quot;] = {&quot;Umeda&quot;},
	[&quot;upv&quot;] = {&quot;Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin&quot;},
	[&quot;ura&quot;] = {&quot;Urarina&quot;},
	[&quot;urb&quot;] = {&quot;Kaapor&quot;, &quot;Urubú-Kaapor&quot;},
	[&quot;urc&quot;] = {&quot;Urningangg&quot;},
	[&quot;urd&quot;] = {&quot;Urdu&quot;},
	[&quot;ure&quot;] = {&quot;Uru&quot;},
	[&quot;urf&quot;] = {&quot;Uradhi&quot;},
	[&quot;urg&quot;] = {&quot;Urigina&quot;},
	[&quot;urh&quot;] = {&quot;Urhobo&quot;},
	[&quot;uri&quot;] = {&quot;Urim&quot;},
	[&quot;urk&quot;] = {&quot;Urak Lawoi'&quot;},
	[&quot;url&quot;] = {&quot;Urali&quot;},
	[&quot;urm&quot;] = {&quot;Urapmin&quot;},
	[&quot;urn&quot;] = {&quot;Uruangnirin&quot;},
	[&quot;uro&quot;] = {&quot;Ura (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;urp&quot;] = {&quot;Uru-Pa-In&quot;},
	[&quot;urr&quot;] = {&quot;Lehalurup&quot;, &quot;Löyöp&quot;},
	[&quot;urt&quot;] = {&quot;Urat&quot;},
	[&quot;uru&quot;] = {&quot;Urumi&quot;},
	[&quot;urv&quot;] = {&quot;Uruava&quot;},
	[&quot;urw&quot;] = {&quot;Sop&quot;},
	[&quot;urx&quot;] = {&quot;Urimo&quot;},
	[&quot;ury&quot;] = {&quot;Orya&quot;},
	[&quot;urz&quot;] = {&quot;Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau&quot;},
	[&quot;usa&quot;] = {&quot;Usarufa&quot;},
	[&quot;ush&quot;] = {&quot;Ushojo&quot;},
	[&quot;usi&quot;] = {&quot;Usui&quot;},
	[&quot;usk&quot;] = {&quot;Usaghade&quot;},
	[&quot;usp&quot;] = {&quot;Uspanteco&quot;},
	[&quot;usu&quot;] = {&quot;Uya&quot;},
	[&quot;uta&quot;] = {&quot;Otank&quot;},
	[&quot;ute&quot;] = {&quot;Ute-Southern Paiute&quot;},
	[&quot;utp&quot;] = {&quot;Amba (Solomon Islands)&quot;},
	[&quot;utr&quot;] = {&quot;Etulo&quot;},
	[&quot;utu&quot;] = {&quot;Utu&quot;},
	[&quot;uum&quot;] = {&quot;Urum&quot;},
	[&quot;uun&quot;] = {&quot;Kulon-Pazeh&quot;},
	[&quot;uur&quot;] = {&quot;Ura (Vanuatu)&quot;},
	[&quot;uuu&quot;] = {&quot;U&quot;},
	[&quot;uve&quot;] = {&quot;Fagauvea&quot;, &quot;West Uvean&quot;},
	[&quot;uvh&quot;] = {&quot;Uri&quot;},
	[&quot;uvl&quot;] = {&quot;Lote&quot;},
	[&quot;uwa&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Uwanh&quot;},
	[&quot;uya&quot;] = {&quot;Doko-Uyanga&quot;},
	[&quot;uzb&quot;] = {&quot;Uzbek&quot;},
	[&quot;uzn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Uzbek&quot;},
	[&quot;uzs&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Uzbek&quot;},
	[&quot;vaa&quot;] = {&quot;Vaagri Booli&quot;},
	[&quot;vae&quot;] = {&quot;Vale&quot;},
	[&quot;vaf&quot;] = {&quot;Vafsi&quot;},
	[&quot;vag&quot;] = {&quot;Vagla&quot;},
	[&quot;vah&quot;] = {&quot;Varhadi-Nagpuri&quot;},
	[&quot;vai&quot;] = {&quot;Vai&quot;},
	[&quot;vaj&quot;] = {&quot;Northwestern !Kung&quot;, &quot;Sekele&quot;, &quot;Vasekele&quot;},
	[&quot;val&quot;] = {&quot;Vehes&quot;},
	[&quot;vam&quot;] = {&quot;Vanimo&quot;},
	[&quot;van&quot;] = {&quot;Valman&quot;},
	[&quot;vao&quot;] = {&quot;Vao&quot;},
	[&quot;vap&quot;] = {&quot;Vaiphei&quot;},
	[&quot;var&quot;] = {&quot;Huarijio&quot;},
	[&quot;vas&quot;] = {&quot;Vasavi&quot;},
	[&quot;vau&quot;] = {&quot;Vanuma&quot;},
	[&quot;vav&quot;] = {&quot;Varli&quot;},
	[&quot;vay&quot;] = {&quot;Wayu&quot;},
	[&quot;vbb&quot;] = {&quot;Southeast Babar&quot;},
	[&quot;vbk&quot;] = {&quot;Southwestern Bontok&quot;},
	[&quot;vec&quot;] = {&quot;Venetian&quot;},
	[&quot;ved&quot;] = {&quot;Veddah&quot;},
	[&quot;vel&quot;] = {&quot;Veluws&quot;},
	[&quot;vem&quot;] = {&quot;Vemgo-Mabas&quot;},
	[&quot;ven&quot;] = {&quot;Venda&quot;},
	[&quot;veo&quot;] = {&quot;Ventureño&quot;},
	[&quot;vep&quot;] = {&quot;Veps&quot;},
	[&quot;ver&quot;] = {&quot;Mom Jango&quot;},
	[&quot;vgr&quot;] = {&quot;Vaghri&quot;},
	[&quot;vgt&quot;] = {&quot;Flemish Sign Language&quot;, &quot;Vlaamse Gebarentaal&quot;},
	[&quot;vic&quot;] = {&quot;Virgin Islands Creole English&quot;},
	[&quot;vid&quot;] = {&quot;Vidunda&quot;},
	[&quot;vie&quot;] = {&quot;Vietnamese&quot;},
	[&quot;vif&quot;] = {&quot;Vili&quot;},
	[&quot;vig&quot;] = {&quot;Viemo&quot;},
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = {&quot;Vilela&quot;},
	[&quot;vin&quot;] = {&quot;Vinza&quot;},
	[&quot;vis&quot;] = {&quot;Vishavan&quot;},
	[&quot;vit&quot;] = {&quot;Viti&quot;},
	[&quot;viv&quot;] = {&quot;Iduna&quot;},
	[&quot;vka&quot;] = {&quot;Kariyarra&quot;},
	[&quot;vki&quot;] = {&quot;Ija-Zuba&quot;},
	[&quot;vkj&quot;] = {&quot;Kujarge&quot;},
	[&quot;vkk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaur&quot;},
	[&quot;vkl&quot;] = {&quot;Kulisusu&quot;},
	[&quot;vkm&quot;] = {&quot;Kamakan&quot;},
	[&quot;vko&quot;] = {&quot;Kodeoha&quot;},
	[&quot;vkp&quot;] = {&quot;Korlai Creole Portuguese&quot;},
	[&quot;vkt&quot;] = {&quot;Tenggarong Kutai Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;vku&quot;] = {&quot;Kurrama&quot;},
	[&quot;vlp&quot;] = {&quot;Valpei&quot;},
	[&quot;vls&quot;] = {&quot;Vlaams&quot;},
	[&quot;vma&quot;] = {&quot;Martuyhunira&quot;},
	[&quot;vmb&quot;] = {&quot;Barbaram&quot;},
	[&quot;vmc&quot;] = {&quot;Juxtlahuaca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmd&quot;] = {&quot;Mudu Koraga&quot;},
	[&quot;vme&quot;] = {&quot;East Masela&quot;},
	[&quot;vmf&quot;] = {&quot;Mainfränkisch&quot;},
	[&quot;vmg&quot;] = {&quot;Lungalunga&quot;},
	[&quot;vmh&quot;] = {&quot;Maraghei&quot;},
	[&quot;vmi&quot;] = {&quot;Miwa&quot;},
	[&quot;vmj&quot;] = {&quot;Ixtayutla Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmk&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Shirima&quot;},
	[&quot;vml&quot;] = {&quot;Malgana&quot;},
	[&quot;vmm&quot;] = {&quot;Mitlatongo Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmp&quot;] = {&quot;Soyaltepec Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmq&quot;] = {&quot;Soyaltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmr&quot;] = {&quot;Marenje&quot;},
	[&quot;vms&quot;] = {&quot;Moksela&quot;},
	[&quot;vmu&quot;] = {&quot;Muluridyi&quot;},
	[&quot;vmv&quot;] = {&quot;Valley Maidu&quot;},
	[&quot;vmw&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa&quot;},
	[&quot;vmx&quot;] = {&quot;Tamazola Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmy&quot;] = {&quot;Ayautla Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;vmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mazatlán Mazatec&quot;},
	[&quot;vnk&quot;] = {&quot;Lovono&quot;, &quot;Vano&quot;},
	[&quot;vnm&quot;] = {&quot;Neve'ei&quot;, &quot;Vinmavis&quot;},
	[&quot;vnp&quot;] = {&quot;Vunapu&quot;},
	[&quot;vol&quot;] = {&quot;Volapük&quot;},
	[&quot;vor&quot;] = {&quot;Voro&quot;},
	[&quot;vot&quot;] = {&quot;Votic&quot;},
	[&quot;vra&quot;] = {&quot;Vera'a&quot;},
	[&quot;vro&quot;] = {&quot;Võro&quot;},
	[&quot;vrs&quot;] = {&quot;Varisi&quot;},
	[&quot;vrt&quot;] = {&quot;Banam Bay&quot;, &quot;Burmbar&quot;},
	[&quot;vsi&quot;] = {&quot;Moldova Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;vsl&quot;] = {&quot;Venezuelan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;vsv&quot;] = {&quot;Llengua de signes valenciana&quot;, &quot;Valencian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;vto&quot;] = {&quot;Vitou&quot;},
	[&quot;vum&quot;] = {&quot;Vumbu&quot;},
	[&quot;vun&quot;] = {&quot;Vunjo&quot;},
	[&quot;vut&quot;] = {&quot;Vute&quot;},
	[&quot;vwa&quot;] = {&quot;Awa (China)&quot;},
	[&quot;waa&quot;] = {&quot;Walla Walla&quot;},
	[&quot;wab&quot;] = {&quot;Wab&quot;},
	[&quot;wac&quot;] = {&quot;Wasco-Wishram&quot;},
	[&quot;wad&quot;] = {&quot;Wandamen&quot;},
	[&quot;wae&quot;] = {&quot;Walser&quot;},
	[&quot;waf&quot;] = {&quot;Wakoná&quot;},
	[&quot;wag&quot;] = {&quot;Wa'ema&quot;},
	[&quot;wah&quot;] = {&quot;Watubela&quot;},
	[&quot;wai&quot;] = {&quot;Wares&quot;},
	[&quot;waj&quot;] = {&quot;Waffa&quot;},
	[&quot;wal&quot;] = {&quot;Wolaitta&quot;, &quot;Wolaytta&quot;},
	[&quot;wam&quot;] = {&quot;Wampanoag&quot;},
	[&quot;wan&quot;] = {&quot;Wan&quot;},
	[&quot;wao&quot;] = {&quot;Wappo&quot;},
	[&quot;wap&quot;] = {&quot;Wapishana&quot;},
	[&quot;waq&quot;] = {&quot;Wageman&quot;},
	[&quot;war&quot;] = {&quot;Waray (Philippines)&quot;},
	[&quot;was&quot;] = {&quot;Washo&quot;},
	[&quot;wat&quot;] = {&quot;Kaninuwa&quot;},
	[&quot;wau&quot;] = {&quot;Waurá&quot;},
	[&quot;wav&quot;] = {&quot;Waka&quot;},
	[&quot;waw&quot;] = {&quot;Waiwai&quot;},
	[&quot;wax&quot;] = {&quot;Marangis&quot;, &quot;Watam&quot;},
	[&quot;way&quot;] = {&quot;Wayana&quot;},
	[&quot;waz&quot;] = {&quot;Wampur&quot;},
	[&quot;wba&quot;] = {&quot;Warao&quot;},
	[&quot;wbb&quot;] = {&quot;Wabo&quot;},
	[&quot;wbe&quot;] = {&quot;Waritai&quot;},
	[&quot;wbf&quot;] = {&quot;Wara&quot;},
	[&quot;wbh&quot;] = {&quot;Wanda&quot;},
	[&quot;wbi&quot;] = {&quot;Vwanji&quot;},
	[&quot;wbj&quot;] = {&quot;Alagwa&quot;},
	[&quot;wbk&quot;] = {&quot;Waigali&quot;},
	[&quot;wbl&quot;] = {&quot;Wakhi&quot;},
	[&quot;wbm&quot;] = {&quot;Wa&quot;},
	[&quot;wbp&quot;] = {&quot;Warlpiri&quot;},
	[&quot;wbq&quot;] = {&quot;Waddar&quot;},
	[&quot;wbr&quot;] = {&quot;Wagdi&quot;},
	[&quot;wbs&quot;] = {&quot;West Bengal Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;wbt&quot;] = {&quot;Wanman&quot;},
	[&quot;wbv&quot;] = {&quot;Wajarri&quot;},
	[&quot;wbw&quot;] = {&quot;Woi&quot;},
	[&quot;wca&quot;] = {&quot;Yanomámi&quot;},
	[&quot;wci&quot;] = {&quot;Waci Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;wdd&quot;] = {&quot;Wandji&quot;},
	[&quot;wdg&quot;] = {&quot;Wadaginam&quot;},
	[&quot;wdj&quot;] = {&quot;Wadjiginy&quot;},
	[&quot;wdk&quot;] = {&quot;Wadikali&quot;},
	[&quot;wdu&quot;] = {&quot;Wadjigu&quot;},
	[&quot;wdy&quot;] = {&quot;Wadjabangayi&quot;},
	[&quot;wea&quot;] = {&quot;Wewaw&quot;},
	[&quot;wec&quot;] = {&quot;Wè Western&quot;},
	[&quot;wed&quot;] = {&quot;Wedau&quot;},
	[&quot;weg&quot;] = {&quot;Wergaia&quot;},
	[&quot;weh&quot;] = {&quot;Weh&quot;},
	[&quot;wei&quot;] = {&quot;Kiunum&quot;},
	[&quot;wem&quot;] = {&quot;Weme Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;weo&quot;] = {&quot;Wemale&quot;},
	[&quot;wep&quot;] = {&quot;Westphalien&quot;},
	[&quot;wer&quot;] = {&quot;Weri&quot;},
	[&quot;wes&quot;] = {&quot;Cameroon Pidgin&quot;},
	[&quot;wet&quot;] = {&quot;Perai&quot;},
	[&quot;weu&quot;] = {&quot;Rawngtu Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;wew&quot;] = {&quot;Wejewa&quot;},
	[&quot;wfg&quot;] = {&quot;Yafi&quot;, &quot;Zorop&quot;},
	[&quot;wga&quot;] = {&quot;Wagaya&quot;},
	[&quot;wgb&quot;] = {&quot;Wagawaga&quot;},
	[&quot;wgg&quot;] = {&quot;Wangganguru&quot;},
	[&quot;wgi&quot;] = {&quot;Wahgi&quot;},
	[&quot;wgo&quot;] = {&quot;Waigeo&quot;},
	[&quot;wgu&quot;] = {&quot;Wirangu&quot;},
	[&quot;wgy&quot;] = {&quot;Warrgamay&quot;},
	[&quot;wha&quot;] = {&quot;Manusela&quot;, &quot;Sou Upaa&quot;},
	[&quot;whg&quot;] = {&quot;North Wahgi&quot;},
	[&quot;whk&quot;] = {&quot;Wahau Kenyah&quot;},
	[&quot;whu&quot;] = {&quot;Wahau Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;wib&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Toussian&quot;},
	[&quot;wic&quot;] = {&quot;Wichita&quot;},
	[&quot;wie&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Epa&quot;},
	[&quot;wif&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Keyangan&quot;},
	[&quot;wig&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Ngathana&quot;},
	[&quot;wih&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Me'anha&quot;},
	[&quot;wii&quot;] = {&quot;Minidien&quot;},
	[&quot;wij&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Iiyanh&quot;},
	[&quot;wik&quot;] = {&quot;Wikalkan&quot;},
	[&quot;wil&quot;] = {&quot;Wilawila&quot;},
	[&quot;wim&quot;] = {&quot;Wik-Mungkan&quot;},
	[&quot;win&quot;] = {&quot;Ho-Chunk&quot;},
	[&quot;wir&quot;] = {&quot;Wiraféd&quot;},
	[&quot;wiu&quot;] = {&quot;Wiru&quot;},
	[&quot;wiv&quot;] = {&quot;Vitu&quot;},
	[&quot;wiy&quot;] = {&quot;Wiyot&quot;},
	[&quot;wja&quot;] = {&quot;Waja&quot;},
	[&quot;wji&quot;] = {&quot;Warji&quot;},
	[&quot;wka&quot;] = {&quot;Kw'adza&quot;},
	[&quot;wkb&quot;] = {&quot;Kumbaran&quot;},
	[&quot;wkd&quot;] = {&quot;Mo&quot;, &quot;Wakde&quot;},
	[&quot;wkl&quot;] = {&quot;Kalanadi&quot;},
	[&quot;wku&quot;] = {&quot;Kunduvadi&quot;},
	[&quot;wkw&quot;] = {&quot;Wakawaka&quot;},
	[&quot;wky&quot;] = {&quot;Wangkayutyuru&quot;},
	[&quot;wla&quot;] = {&quot;Walio&quot;},
	[&quot;wlc&quot;] = {&quot;Mwali Comorian&quot;},
	[&quot;wle&quot;] = {&quot;Wolane&quot;},
	[&quot;wlg&quot;] = {&quot;Kunbarlang&quot;},
	[&quot;wli&quot;] = {&quot;Waioli&quot;},
	[&quot;wlk&quot;] = {&quot;Wailaki&quot;},
	[&quot;wll&quot;] = {&quot;Wali (Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;wlm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Welsh&quot;},
	[&quot;wln&quot;] = {&quot;Walloon&quot;},
	[&quot;wlo&quot;] = {&quot;Wolio&quot;},
	[&quot;wlr&quot;] = {&quot;Wailapa&quot;},
	[&quot;wls&quot;] = {&quot;Wallisian&quot;},
	[&quot;wlu&quot;] = {&quot;Wuliwuli&quot;},
	[&quot;wlv&quot;] = {&quot;Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz&quot;},
	[&quot;wlw&quot;] = {&quot;Walak&quot;},
	[&quot;wlx&quot;] = {&quot;Wali (Ghana)&quot;},
	[&quot;wly&quot;] = {&quot;Waling&quot;},
	[&quot;wma&quot;] = {&quot;Mawa (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;wmb&quot;] = {&quot;Wambaya&quot;},
	[&quot;wmc&quot;] = {&quot;Wamas&quot;},
	[&quot;wmd&quot;] = {&quot;Mamaindé&quot;},
	[&quot;wme&quot;] = {&quot;Wambule&quot;},
	[&quot;wmh&quot;] = {&quot;Waima'a&quot;},
	[&quot;wmi&quot;] = {&quot;Wamin&quot;},
	[&quot;wmm&quot;] = {&quot;Maiwa (Indonesia)&quot;},
	[&quot;wmn&quot;] = {&quot;Waamwang&quot;},
	[&quot;wmo&quot;] = {&quot;Wom (Papua New Guinea)&quot;},
	[&quot;wms&quot;] = {&quot;Wambon&quot;},
	[&quot;wmt&quot;] = {&quot;Walmajarri&quot;},
	[&quot;wmw&quot;] = {&quot;Mwani&quot;},
	[&quot;wmx&quot;] = {&quot;Womo&quot;},
	[&quot;wnb&quot;] = {&quot;Wanambre&quot;},
	[&quot;wnc&quot;] = {&quot;Wantoat&quot;},
	[&quot;wnd&quot;] = {&quot;Wandarang&quot;},
	[&quot;wne&quot;] = {&quot;Waneci&quot;},
	[&quot;wng&quot;] = {&quot;Wanggom&quot;},
	[&quot;wni&quot;] = {&quot;Ndzwani Comorian&quot;},
	[&quot;wnk&quot;] = {&quot;Wanukaka&quot;},
	[&quot;wnm&quot;] = {&quot;Wanggamala&quot;},
	[&quot;wnn&quot;] = {&quot;Wunumara&quot;},
	[&quot;wno&quot;] = {&quot;Wano&quot;},
	[&quot;wnp&quot;] = {&quot;Wanap&quot;},
	[&quot;wnu&quot;] = {&quot;Usan&quot;},
	[&quot;wnw&quot;] = {&quot;Wintu&quot;},
	[&quot;wny&quot;] = {&quot;Wanyi&quot;},
	[&quot;woa&quot;] = {&quot;Tyaraity&quot;},
	[&quot;wob&quot;] = {&quot;Wè Northern&quot;},
	[&quot;woc&quot;] = {&quot;Wogeo&quot;},
	[&quot;wod&quot;] = {&quot;Wolani&quot;},
	[&quot;woe&quot;] = {&quot;Woleaian&quot;},
	[&quot;wof&quot;] = {&quot;Gambian Wolof&quot;},
	[&quot;wog&quot;] = {&quot;Wogamusin&quot;},
	[&quot;woi&quot;] = {&quot;Kamang&quot;},
	[&quot;wok&quot;] = {&quot;Longto&quot;},
	[&quot;wol&quot;] = {&quot;Wolof&quot;},
	[&quot;wom&quot;] = {&quot;Wom (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;won&quot;] = {&quot;Wongo&quot;},
	[&quot;woo&quot;] = {&quot;Manombai&quot;},
	[&quot;wor&quot;] = {&quot;Woria&quot;},
	[&quot;wos&quot;] = {&quot;Hanga Hundi&quot;},
	[&quot;wow&quot;] = {&quot;Wawonii&quot;},
	[&quot;woy&quot;] = {&quot;Weyto&quot;},
	[&quot;wpc&quot;] = {&quot;Maco&quot;},
	[&quot;wra&quot;] = {&quot;Warapu&quot;},
	[&quot;wrb&quot;] = {&quot;Warluwara&quot;},
	[&quot;wrd&quot;] = {&quot;Warduji&quot;},
	[&quot;wrg&quot;] = {&quot;Warungu&quot;},
	[&quot;wrh&quot;] = {&quot;Wiradhuri&quot;},
	[&quot;wri&quot;] = {&quot;Wariyangga&quot;},
	[&quot;wrk&quot;] = {&quot;Garrwa&quot;},
	[&quot;wrl&quot;] = {&quot;Warlmanpa&quot;},
	[&quot;wrm&quot;] = {&quot;Warumungu&quot;},
	[&quot;wrn&quot;] = {&quot;Warnang&quot;},
	[&quot;wro&quot;] = {&quot;Worrorra&quot;},
	[&quot;wrp&quot;] = {&quot;Waropen&quot;},
	[&quot;wrr&quot;] = {&quot;Wardaman&quot;},
	[&quot;wrs&quot;] = {&quot;Waris&quot;},
	[&quot;wru&quot;] = {&quot;Waru&quot;},
	[&quot;wrv&quot;] = {&quot;Waruna&quot;},
	[&quot;wrw&quot;] = {&quot;Gugu Warra&quot;},
	[&quot;wrx&quot;] = {&quot;Wae Rana&quot;},
	[&quot;wry&quot;] = {&quot;Merwari&quot;},
	[&quot;wrz&quot;] = {&quot;Waray (Australia)&quot;},
	[&quot;wsa&quot;] = {&quot;Warembori&quot;},
	[&quot;wsg&quot;] = {&quot;Adilabad Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;wsi&quot;] = {&quot;Wusi&quot;},
	[&quot;wsk&quot;] = {&quot;Waskia&quot;},
	[&quot;wsr&quot;] = {&quot;Owenia&quot;},
	[&quot;wss&quot;] = {&quot;Wasa&quot;},
	[&quot;wsu&quot;] = {&quot;Wasu&quot;},
	[&quot;wsv&quot;] = {&quot;Wotapuri-Katarqalai&quot;},
	[&quot;wtf&quot;] = {&quot;Watiwa&quot;},
	[&quot;wth&quot;] = {&quot;Wathawurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;wti&quot;] = {&quot;Berta&quot;},
	[&quot;wtk&quot;] = {&quot;Watakataui&quot;},
	[&quot;wtm&quot;] = {&quot;Mewati&quot;},
	[&quot;wtw&quot;] = {&quot;Wotu&quot;},
	[&quot;wua&quot;] = {&quot;Wikngenchera&quot;},
	[&quot;wub&quot;] = {&quot;Wunambal&quot;},
	[&quot;wud&quot;] = {&quot;Wudu&quot;},
	[&quot;wuh&quot;] = {&quot;Wutunhua&quot;},
	[&quot;wul&quot;] = {&quot;Silimo&quot;},
	[&quot;wum&quot;] = {&quot;Wumbvu&quot;},
	[&quot;wun&quot;] = {&quot;Bungu&quot;},
	[&quot;wur&quot;] = {&quot;Wurrugu&quot;},
	[&quot;wut&quot;] = {&quot;Wutung&quot;},
	[&quot;wuu&quot;] = {&quot;Wu Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;wuv&quot;] = {&quot;Wuvulu-Aua&quot;},
	[&quot;wux&quot;] = {&quot;Wulna&quot;},
	[&quot;wuy&quot;] = {&quot;Wauyai&quot;},
	[&quot;wwa&quot;] = {&quot;Waama&quot;},
	[&quot;wwb&quot;] = {&quot;Wakabunga&quot;},
	[&quot;wwo&quot;] = {&quot;Dorig&quot;, &quot;Wetamut&quot;},
	[&quot;wwr&quot;] = {&quot;Warrwa&quot;},
	[&quot;www&quot;] = {&quot;Wawa&quot;},
	[&quot;wxa&quot;] = {&quot;Waxianghua&quot;},
	[&quot;wxw&quot;] = {&quot;Wardandi&quot;},
	[&quot;wya&quot;] = {&quot;Wyandot&quot;},
	[&quot;wyb&quot;] = {&quot;Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa&quot;},
	[&quot;wyi&quot;] = {&quot;Woiwurrung&quot;},
	[&quot;wym&quot;] = {&quot;Wymysorys&quot;},
	[&quot;wyr&quot;] = {&quot;Wayoró&quot;},
	[&quot;wyy&quot;] = {&quot;Western Fijian&quot;},
	[&quot;xaa&quot;] = {&quot;Andalusian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;xab&quot;] = {&quot;Sambe&quot;},
	[&quot;xac&quot;] = {&quot;Kachari&quot;},
	[&quot;xad&quot;] = {&quot;Adai&quot;},
	[&quot;xae&quot;] = {&quot;Aequian&quot;},
	[&quot;xag&quot;] = {&quot;Aghwan&quot;},
	[&quot;xai&quot;] = {&quot;Kaimbé&quot;},
	[&quot;xaj&quot;] = {&quot;Ararandewára&quot;},
	[&quot;xak&quot;] = {&quot;Máku&quot;},
	[&quot;xal&quot;] = {&quot;Kalmyk&quot;, &quot;Oirat&quot;},
	[&quot;xam&quot;] = {&quot;/Xam&quot;},
	[&quot;xan&quot;] = {&quot;Xamtanga&quot;},
	[&quot;xao&quot;] = {&quot;Khao&quot;},
	[&quot;xap&quot;] = {&quot;Apalachee&quot;},
	[&quot;xaq&quot;] = {&quot;Aquitanian&quot;},
	[&quot;xar&quot;] = {&quot;Karami&quot;},
	[&quot;xas&quot;] = {&quot;Kamas&quot;},
	[&quot;xat&quot;] = {&quot;Katawixi&quot;},
	[&quot;xau&quot;] = {&quot;Kauwera&quot;},
	[&quot;xav&quot;] = {&quot;Xavánte&quot;},
	[&quot;xaw&quot;] = {&quot;Kawaiisu&quot;},
	[&quot;xay&quot;] = {&quot;Kayan Mahakam&quot;},
	[&quot;xbb&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Burdekin&quot;},
	[&quot;xbc&quot;] = {&quot;Bactrian&quot;},
	[&quot;xbd&quot;] = {&quot;Bindal&quot;},
	[&quot;xbe&quot;] = {&quot;Bigambal&quot;},
	[&quot;xbg&quot;] = {&quot;Bunganditj&quot;},
	[&quot;xbi&quot;] = {&quot;Kombio&quot;},
	[&quot;xbj&quot;] = {&quot;Birrpayi&quot;},
	[&quot;xbm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Breton&quot;},
	[&quot;xbn&quot;] = {&quot;Kenaboi&quot;},
	[&quot;xbo&quot;] = {&quot;Bolgarian&quot;},
	[&quot;xbp&quot;] = {&quot;Bibbulman&quot;},
	[&quot;xbr&quot;] = {&quot;Kambera&quot;},
	[&quot;xbw&quot;] = {&quot;Kambiwá&quot;},
	[&quot;xby&quot;] = {&quot;Batyala&quot;},
	[&quot;xcb&quot;] = {&quot;Cumbric&quot;},
	[&quot;xcc&quot;] = {&quot;Camunic&quot;},
	[&quot;xce&quot;] = {&quot;Celtiberian&quot;},
	[&quot;xcg&quot;] = {&quot;Cisalpine Gaulish&quot;},
	[&quot;xch&quot;] = {&quot;Chemakum&quot;, &quot;Chimakum&quot;},
	[&quot;xcl&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Armenian&quot;},
	[&quot;xcm&quot;] = {&quot;Comecrudo&quot;},
	[&quot;xcn&quot;] = {&quot;Cotoname&quot;},
	[&quot;xco&quot;] = {&quot;Chorasmian&quot;},
	[&quot;xcr&quot;] = {&quot;Carian&quot;},
	[&quot;xct&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;xcu&quot;] = {&quot;Curonian&quot;},
	[&quot;xcv&quot;] = {&quot;Chuvantsy&quot;},
	[&quot;xcw&quot;] = {&quot;Coahuilteco&quot;},
	[&quot;xcy&quot;] = {&quot;Cayuse&quot;},
	[&quot;xda&quot;] = {&quot;Darkinyung&quot;},
	[&quot;xdc&quot;] = {&quot;Dacian&quot;},
	[&quot;xdk&quot;] = {&quot;Dharuk&quot;},
	[&quot;xdm&quot;] = {&quot;Edomite&quot;},
	[&quot;xdo&quot;] = {&quot;Kwandu&quot;},
	[&quot;xdy&quot;] = {&quot;Malayic Dayak&quot;},
	[&quot;xeb&quot;] = {&quot;Eblan&quot;},
	[&quot;xed&quot;] = {&quot;Hdi&quot;},
	[&quot;xeg&quot;] = {&quot;//Xegwi&quot;},
	[&quot;xel&quot;] = {&quot;Kelo&quot;},
	[&quot;xem&quot;] = {&quot;Kembayan&quot;},
	[&quot;xep&quot;] = {&quot;Epi-Olmec&quot;},
	[&quot;xer&quot;] = {&quot;Xerénte&quot;},
	[&quot;xes&quot;] = {&quot;Kesawai&quot;},
	[&quot;xet&quot;] = {&quot;Xetá&quot;},
	[&quot;xeu&quot;] = {&quot;Keoru-Ahia&quot;},
	[&quot;xfa&quot;] = {&quot;Faliscan&quot;},
	[&quot;xga&quot;] = {&quot;Galatian&quot;},
	[&quot;xgb&quot;] = {&quot;Gbin&quot;},
	[&quot;xgd&quot;] = {&quot;Gudang&quot;},
	[&quot;xgf&quot;] = {&quot;Gabrielino-Fernandeño&quot;},
	[&quot;xgg&quot;] = {&quot;Goreng&quot;},
	[&quot;xgi&quot;] = {&quot;Garingbal&quot;},
	[&quot;xgl&quot;] = {&quot;Galindan&quot;},
	[&quot;xgm&quot;] = {&quot;Dharumbal&quot;, &quot;Guwinmal&quot;},
	[&quot;xgr&quot;] = {&quot;Garza&quot;},
	[&quot;xgu&quot;] = {&quot;Unggumi&quot;},
	[&quot;xgw&quot;] = {&quot;Guwa&quot;},
	[&quot;xha&quot;] = {&quot;Harami&quot;},
	[&quot;xhc&quot;] = {&quot;Hunnic&quot;},
	[&quot;xhd&quot;] = {&quot;Hadrami&quot;},
	[&quot;xhe&quot;] = {&quot;Khetrani&quot;},
	[&quot;xho&quot;] = {&quot;Xhosa&quot;},
	[&quot;xhr&quot;] = {&quot;Hernican&quot;},
	[&quot;xht&quot;] = {&quot;Hattic&quot;},
	[&quot;xhu&quot;] = {&quot;Hurrian&quot;},
	[&quot;xhv&quot;] = {&quot;Khua&quot;},
	[&quot;xib&quot;] = {&quot;Iberian&quot;},
	[&quot;xii&quot;] = {&quot;Xiri&quot;},
	[&quot;xil&quot;] = {&quot;Illyrian&quot;},
	[&quot;xin&quot;] = {&quot;Xinca&quot;},
	[&quot;xir&quot;] = {&quot;Xiriâna&quot;},
	[&quot;xis&quot;] = {&quot;Kisan&quot;},
	[&quot;xiv&quot;] = {&quot;Indus Valley Language&quot;},
	[&quot;xiy&quot;] = {&quot;Xipaya&quot;},
	[&quot;xjb&quot;] = {&quot;Minjungbal&quot;},
	[&quot;xjt&quot;] = {&quot;Jaitmatang&quot;},
	[&quot;xka&quot;] = {&quot;Kalkoti&quot;},
	[&quot;xkb&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Nago&quot;},
	[&quot;xkc&quot;] = {&quot;Kho'ini&quot;},
	[&quot;xkd&quot;] = {&quot;Mendalam Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;xke&quot;] = {&quot;Kereho&quot;},
	[&quot;xkf&quot;] = {&quot;Khengkha&quot;},
	[&quot;xkg&quot;] = {&quot;Kagoro&quot;},
	[&quot;xki&quot;] = {&quot;Kenyan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;xkj&quot;] = {&quot;Kajali&quot;},
	[&quot;xkk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaco'&quot;},
	[&quot;xkl&quot;] = {&quot;Mainstream Kenyah&quot;},
	[&quot;xkn&quot;] = {&quot;Kayan River Kayan&quot;},
	[&quot;xko&quot;] = {&quot;Kiorr&quot;},
	[&quot;xkp&quot;] = {&quot;Kabatei&quot;},
	[&quot;xkq&quot;] = {&quot;Koroni&quot;},
	[&quot;xkr&quot;] = {&quot;Xakriabá&quot;},
	[&quot;xks&quot;] = {&quot;Kumbewaha&quot;},
	[&quot;xkt&quot;] = {&quot;Kantosi&quot;},
	[&quot;xku&quot;] = {&quot;Kaamba&quot;},
	[&quot;xkv&quot;] = {&quot;Kgalagadi&quot;},
	[&quot;xkw&quot;] = {&quot;Kembra&quot;},
	[&quot;xkx&quot;] = {&quot;Karore&quot;},
	[&quot;xky&quot;] = {&quot;Uma' Lasan&quot;},
	[&quot;xkz&quot;] = {&quot;Kurtokha&quot;},
	[&quot;xla&quot;] = {&quot;Kamula&quot;},
	[&quot;xlb&quot;] = {&quot;Loup B&quot;},
	[&quot;xlc&quot;] = {&quot;Lycian&quot;},
	[&quot;xld&quot;] = {&quot;Lydian&quot;},
	[&quot;xle&quot;] = {&quot;Lemnian&quot;},
	[&quot;xlg&quot;] = {&quot;Ligurian (Ancient)&quot;},
	[&quot;xli&quot;] = {&quot;Liburnian&quot;},
	[&quot;xln&quot;] = {&quot;Alanic&quot;},
	[&quot;xlo&quot;] = {&quot;Loup A&quot;},
	[&quot;xlp&quot;] = {&quot;Lepontic&quot;},
	[&quot;xls&quot;] = {&quot;Lusitanian&quot;},
	[&quot;xlu&quot;] = {&quot;Cuneiform Luwian&quot;},
	[&quot;xly&quot;] = {&quot;Elymian&quot;},
	[&quot;xma&quot;] = {&quot;Mushungulu&quot;},
	[&quot;xmb&quot;] = {&quot;Mbonga&quot;},
	[&quot;xmc&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Marrevone&quot;},
	[&quot;xmd&quot;] = {&quot;Mbudum&quot;},
	[&quot;xme&quot;] = {&quot;Median&quot;},
	[&quot;xmf&quot;] = {&quot;Mingrelian&quot;},
	[&quot;xmg&quot;] = {&quot;Mengaka&quot;},
	[&quot;xmh&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Muminh&quot;},
	[&quot;xmj&quot;] = {&quot;Majera&quot;},
	[&quot;xmk&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Macedonian&quot;},
	[&quot;xml&quot;] = {&quot;Malaysian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;xmm&quot;] = {&quot;Manado Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;xmn&quot;] = {&quot;Manichaean Middle Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;xmo&quot;] = {&quot;Morerebi&quot;},
	[&quot;xmp&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Mu'inh&quot;},
	[&quot;xmq&quot;] = {&quot;Kuku-Mangk&quot;},
	[&quot;xmr&quot;] = {&quot;Meroitic&quot;},
	[&quot;xms&quot;] = {&quot;Moroccan Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;xmt&quot;] = {&quot;Matbat&quot;},
	[&quot;xmu&quot;] = {&quot;Kamu&quot;},
	[&quot;xmv&quot;] = {&quot;Antankarana Malagasy&quot;, &quot;Tankarana Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;xmw&quot;] = {&quot;Tsimihety Malagasy&quot;},
	[&quot;xmx&quot;] = {&quot;Maden&quot;},
	[&quot;xmy&quot;] = {&quot;Mayaguduna&quot;},
	[&quot;xmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mori Bawah&quot;},
	[&quot;xna&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient North Arabian&quot;},
	[&quot;xnb&quot;] = {&quot;Kanakanabu&quot;},
	[&quot;xng&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;xnh&quot;] = {&quot;Kuanhua&quot;},
	[&quot;xni&quot;] = {&quot;Ngarigu&quot;},
	[&quot;xnk&quot;] = {&quot;Nganakarti&quot;},
	[&quot;xnn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Kankanay&quot;},
	[&quot;xno&quot;] = {&quot;Anglo-Norman&quot;},
	[&quot;xnr&quot;] = {&quot;Kangri&quot;},
	[&quot;xns&quot;] = {&quot;Kanashi&quot;},
	[&quot;xnt&quot;] = {&quot;Narragansett&quot;},
	[&quot;xnu&quot;] = {&quot;Nukunul&quot;},
	[&quot;xny&quot;] = {&quot;Nyiyaparli&quot;},
	[&quot;xnz&quot;] = {&quot;Kenzi&quot;, &quot;Mattoki&quot;},
	[&quot;xoc&quot;] = {&quot;O'chi'chi'&quot;},
	[&quot;xod&quot;] = {&quot;Kokoda&quot;},
	[&quot;xog&quot;] = {&quot;Soga&quot;},
	[&quot;xoi&quot;] = {&quot;Kominimung&quot;},
	[&quot;xok&quot;] = {&quot;Xokleng&quot;},
	[&quot;xom&quot;] = {&quot;Komo (Sudan)&quot;},
	[&quot;xon&quot;] = {&quot;Konkomba&quot;},
	[&quot;xoo&quot;] = {&quot;Xukurú&quot;},
	[&quot;xop&quot;] = {&quot;Kopar&quot;},
	[&quot;xor&quot;] = {&quot;Korubo&quot;},
	[&quot;xow&quot;] = {&quot;Kowaki&quot;},
	[&quot;xpa&quot;] = {&quot;Pirriya&quot;},
	[&quot;xpc&quot;] = {&quot;Pecheneg&quot;},
	[&quot;xpe&quot;] = {&quot;Liberia Kpelle&quot;},
	[&quot;xpg&quot;] = {&quot;Phrygian&quot;},
	[&quot;xpi&quot;] = {&quot;Pictish&quot;},
	[&quot;xpj&quot;] = {&quot;Mpalitjanh&quot;},
	[&quot;xpk&quot;] = {&quot;Kulina Pano&quot;},
	[&quot;xpm&quot;] = {&quot;Pumpokol&quot;},
	[&quot;xpn&quot;] = {&quot;Kapinawá&quot;},
	[&quot;xpo&quot;] = {&quot;Pochutec&quot;},
	[&quot;xpp&quot;] = {&quot;Puyo-Paekche&quot;},
	[&quot;xpq&quot;] = {&quot;Mohegan-Pequot&quot;},
	[&quot;xpr&quot;] = {&quot;Parthian&quot;},
	[&quot;xps&quot;] = {&quot;Pisidian&quot;},
	[&quot;xpt&quot;] = {&quot;Punthamara&quot;},
	[&quot;xpu&quot;] = {&quot;Punic&quot;},
	[&quot;xpy&quot;] = {&quot;Puyo&quot;},
	[&quot;xqa&quot;] = {&quot;Karakhanid&quot;},
	[&quot;xqt&quot;] = {&quot;Qatabanian&quot;},
	[&quot;xra&quot;] = {&quot;Krahô&quot;},
	[&quot;xrb&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Karaboro&quot;},
	[&quot;xrd&quot;] = {&quot;Gundungurra&quot;},
	[&quot;xre&quot;] = {&quot;Kreye&quot;},
	[&quot;xrg&quot;] = {&quot;Minang&quot;},
	[&quot;xri&quot;] = {&quot;Krikati-Timbira&quot;},
	[&quot;xrm&quot;] = {&quot;Armazic&quot;},
	[&quot;xrn&quot;] = {&quot;Arin&quot;},
	[&quot;xrq&quot;] = {&quot;Karranga&quot;},
	[&quot;xrr&quot;] = {&quot;Raetic&quot;},
	[&quot;xrt&quot;] = {&quot;Aranama-Tamique&quot;},
	[&quot;xru&quot;] = {&quot;Marriammu&quot;},
	[&quot;xrw&quot;] = {&quot;Karawa&quot;},
	[&quot;xsa&quot;] = {&quot;Sabaean&quot;},
	[&quot;xsb&quot;] = {&quot;Sambal&quot;},
	[&quot;xsc&quot;] = {&quot;Scythian&quot;},
	[&quot;xsd&quot;] = {&quot;Sidetic&quot;},
	[&quot;xse&quot;] = {&quot;Sempan&quot;},
	[&quot;xsh&quot;] = {&quot;Shamang&quot;},
	[&quot;xsi&quot;] = {&quot;Sio&quot;},
	[&quot;xsl&quot;] = {&quot;South Slavey&quot;},
	[&quot;xsm&quot;] = {&quot;Kasem&quot;},
	[&quot;xsn&quot;] = {&quot;Sanga (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;xso&quot;] = {&quot;Solano&quot;},
	[&quot;xsp&quot;] = {&quot;Silopi&quot;},
	[&quot;xsq&quot;] = {&quot;Makhuwa-Saka&quot;},
	[&quot;xsr&quot;] = {&quot;Sherpa&quot;},
	[&quot;xss&quot;] = {&quot;Assan&quot;},
	[&quot;xsu&quot;] = {&quot;Sanumá&quot;},
	[&quot;xsv&quot;] = {&quot;Sudovian&quot;},
	[&quot;xsy&quot;] = {&quot;Saisiyat&quot;},
	[&quot;xta&quot;] = {&quot;Alcozauca Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtb&quot;] = {&quot;Chazumba Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtc&quot;] = {&quot;Katcha-Kadugli-Miri&quot;},
	[&quot;xtd&quot;] = {&quot;Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xte&quot;] = {&quot;Ketengban&quot;},
	[&quot;xtg&quot;] = {&quot;Transalpine Gaulish&quot;},
	[&quot;xth&quot;] = {&quot;Yitha Yitha&quot;},
	[&quot;xti&quot;] = {&quot;Sinicahua Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtj&quot;] = {&quot;San Juan Teita Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtl&quot;] = {&quot;Tijaltepec Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtm&quot;] = {&quot;Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtn&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xto&quot;] = {&quot;Tokharian A&quot;},
	[&quot;xtp&quot;] = {&quot;San Miguel Piedras Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtq&quot;] = {&quot;Tumshuqese&quot;},
	[&quot;xtr&quot;] = {&quot;Early Tripuri&quot;},
	[&quot;xts&quot;] = {&quot;Sindihui Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtt&quot;] = {&quot;Tacahua Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtu&quot;] = {&quot;Cuyamecalco Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtv&quot;] = {&quot;Thawa&quot;},
	[&quot;xtw&quot;] = {&quot;Tawandê&quot;},
	[&quot;xty&quot;] = {&quot;Yoloxochitl Mixtec&quot;},
	[&quot;xtz&quot;] = {&quot;Tasmanian&quot;},
	[&quot;xua&quot;] = {&quot;Alu Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;xub&quot;] = {&quot;Betta Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;xud&quot;] = {&quot;Umiida&quot;},
	[&quot;xug&quot;] = {&quot;Kunigami&quot;},
	[&quot;xuj&quot;] = {&quot;Jennu Kurumba&quot;},
	[&quot;xul&quot;] = {&quot;Ngunawal&quot;},
	[&quot;xum&quot;] = {&quot;Umbrian&quot;},
	[&quot;xun&quot;] = {&quot;Unggaranggu&quot;},
	[&quot;xuo&quot;] = {&quot;Kuo&quot;},
	[&quot;xup&quot;] = {&quot;Upper Umpqua&quot;},
	[&quot;xur&quot;] = {&quot;Urartian&quot;},
	[&quot;xut&quot;] = {&quot;Kuthant&quot;},
	[&quot;xuu&quot;] = {&quot;Khwedam&quot;, &quot;Kxoe&quot;},
	[&quot;xve&quot;] = {&quot;Venetic&quot;},
	[&quot;xvi&quot;] = {&quot;Kamviri&quot;},
	[&quot;xvn&quot;] = {&quot;Vandalic&quot;},
	[&quot;xvo&quot;] = {&quot;Volscian&quot;},
	[&quot;xvs&quot;] = {&quot;Vestinian&quot;},
	[&quot;xwa&quot;] = {&quot;Kwaza&quot;},
	[&quot;xwc&quot;] = {&quot;Woccon&quot;},
	[&quot;xwd&quot;] = {&quot;Wadi Wadi&quot;},
	[&quot;xwe&quot;] = {&quot;Xwela Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;xwg&quot;] = {&quot;Kwegu&quot;},
	[&quot;xwj&quot;] = {&quot;Wajuk&quot;},
	[&quot;xwk&quot;] = {&quot;Wangkumara&quot;},
	[&quot;xwl&quot;] = {&quot;Western Xwla Gbe&quot;},
	[&quot;xwo&quot;] = {&quot;Written Oirat&quot;},
	[&quot;xwr&quot;] = {&quot;Kwerba Mamberamo&quot;},
	[&quot;xwt&quot;] = {&quot;Wotjobaluk&quot;},
	[&quot;xww&quot;] = {&quot;Wemba Wemba&quot;},
	[&quot;xxb&quot;] = {&quot;Boro (Ghana)&quot;},
	[&quot;xxk&quot;] = {&quot;Ke'o&quot;},
	[&quot;xxm&quot;] = {&quot;Minkin&quot;},
	[&quot;xxr&quot;] = {&quot;Koropó&quot;},
	[&quot;xxt&quot;] = {&quot;Tambora&quot;},
	[&quot;xya&quot;] = {&quot;Yaygir&quot;},
	[&quot;xyb&quot;] = {&quot;Yandjibara&quot;},
	[&quot;xyj&quot;] = {&quot;Mayi-Yapi&quot;},
	[&quot;xyk&quot;] = {&quot;Mayi-Kulan&quot;},
	[&quot;xyl&quot;] = {&quot;Yalakalore&quot;},
	[&quot;xyt&quot;] = {&quot;Mayi-Thakurti&quot;},
	[&quot;xyy&quot;] = {&quot;Yorta Yorta&quot;},
	[&quot;xzh&quot;] = {&quot;Zhang-Zhung&quot;},
	[&quot;xzm&quot;] = {&quot;Zemgalian&quot;},
	[&quot;xzp&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;yaa&quot;] = {&quot;Yaminahua&quot;},
	[&quot;yab&quot;] = {&quot;Yuhup&quot;},
	[&quot;yac&quot;] = {&quot;Pass Valley Yali&quot;},
	[&quot;yad&quot;] = {&quot;Yagua&quot;},
	[&quot;yae&quot;] = {&quot;Pumé&quot;},
	[&quot;yaf&quot;] = {&quot;Yaka (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;yag&quot;] = {&quot;Yámana&quot;},
	[&quot;yah&quot;] = {&quot;Yazgulyam&quot;},
	[&quot;yai&quot;] = {&quot;Yagnobi&quot;},
	[&quot;yaj&quot;] = {&quot;Banda-Yangere&quot;},
	[&quot;yak&quot;] = {&quot;Yakama&quot;},
	[&quot;yal&quot;] = {&quot;Yalunka&quot;},
	[&quot;yam&quot;] = {&quot;Yamba&quot;},
	[&quot;yan&quot;] = {&quot;Mayangna&quot;},
	[&quot;yao&quot;] = {&quot;Yao&quot;},
	[&quot;yap&quot;] = {&quot;Yapese&quot;},
	[&quot;yaq&quot;] = {&quot;Yaqui&quot;},
	[&quot;yar&quot;] = {&quot;Yabarana&quot;},
	[&quot;yas&quot;] = {&quot;Nugunu (Cameroon)&quot;},
	[&quot;yat&quot;] = {&quot;Yambeta&quot;},
	[&quot;yau&quot;] = {&quot;Yuwana&quot;},
	[&quot;yav&quot;] = {&quot;Yangben&quot;},
	[&quot;yaw&quot;] = {&quot;Yawalapití&quot;},
	[&quot;yax&quot;] = {&quot;Yauma&quot;},
	[&quot;yay&quot;] = {&quot;Agwagwune&quot;},
	[&quot;yaz&quot;] = {&quot;Lokaa&quot;},
	[&quot;yba&quot;] = {&quot;Yala&quot;},
	[&quot;ybb&quot;] = {&quot;Yemba&quot;},
	[&quot;ybe&quot;] = {&quot;West Yugur&quot;},
	[&quot;ybh&quot;] = {&quot;Yakha&quot;},
	[&quot;ybi&quot;] = {&quot;Yamphu&quot;},
	[&quot;ybj&quot;] = {&quot;Hasha&quot;},
	[&quot;ybk&quot;] = {&quot;Bokha&quot;},
	[&quot;ybl&quot;] = {&quot;Yukuben&quot;},
	[&quot;ybm&quot;] = {&quot;Yaben&quot;},
	[&quot;ybn&quot;] = {&quot;Yabaâna&quot;},
	[&quot;ybo&quot;] = {&quot;Yabong&quot;},
	[&quot;ybx&quot;] = {&quot;Yawiyo&quot;},
	[&quot;yby&quot;] = {&quot;Yaweyuha&quot;},
	[&quot;ych&quot;] = {&quot;Chesu&quot;},
	[&quot;ycl&quot;] = {&quot;Lolopo&quot;},
	[&quot;ycn&quot;] = {&quot;Yucuna&quot;},
	[&quot;ycp&quot;] = {&quot;Chepya&quot;},
	[&quot;yda&quot;] = {&quot;Yanda&quot;},
	[&quot;ydd&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Yiddish&quot;},
	[&quot;yde&quot;] = {&quot;Yangum Dey&quot;},
	[&quot;ydg&quot;] = {&quot;Yidgha&quot;},
	[&quot;ydk&quot;] = {&quot;Yoidik&quot;},
	[&quot;yea&quot;] = {&quot;Ravula&quot;},
	[&quot;yec&quot;] = {&quot;Yeniche&quot;},
	[&quot;yee&quot;] = {&quot;Yimas&quot;},
	[&quot;yei&quot;] = {&quot;Yeni&quot;},
	[&quot;yej&quot;] = {&quot;Yevanic&quot;},
	[&quot;yel&quot;] = {&quot;Yela&quot;},
	[&quot;yer&quot;] = {&quot;Tarok&quot;},
	[&quot;yes&quot;] = {&quot;Nyankpa&quot;},
	[&quot;yet&quot;] = {&quot;Yetfa&quot;},
	[&quot;yeu&quot;] = {&quot;Yerukula&quot;},
	[&quot;yev&quot;] = {&quot;Yapunda&quot;},
	[&quot;yey&quot;] = {&quot;Yeyi&quot;},
	[&quot;yga&quot;] = {&quot;Malyangapa&quot;},
	[&quot;ygi&quot;] = {&quot;Yiningayi&quot;},
	[&quot;ygl&quot;] = {&quot;Yangum Gel&quot;},
	[&quot;ygm&quot;] = {&quot;Yagomi&quot;},
	[&quot;ygp&quot;] = {&quot;Gepo&quot;},
	[&quot;ygr&quot;] = {&quot;Yagaria&quot;},
	[&quot;ygs&quot;] = {&quot;Yolŋu Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ygu&quot;] = {&quot;Yugul&quot;},
	[&quot;ygw&quot;] = {&quot;Yagwoia&quot;},
	[&quot;yha&quot;] = {&quot;Baha Buyang&quot;},
	[&quot;yhd&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Iraqi Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;yhl&quot;] = {&quot;Hlepho Phowa&quot;},
	[&quot;yhs&quot;] = {&quot;Yan-nhaŋu Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;yia&quot;] = {&quot;Yinggarda&quot;},
	[&quot;yid&quot;] = {&quot;Yiddish&quot;},
	[&quot;yif&quot;] = {&quot;Ache&quot;},
	[&quot;yig&quot;] = {&quot;Wusa Nasu&quot;},
	[&quot;yih&quot;] = {&quot;Western Yiddish&quot;},
	[&quot;yii&quot;] = {&quot;Yidiny&quot;},
	[&quot;yij&quot;] = {&quot;Yindjibarndi&quot;},
	[&quot;yik&quot;] = {&quot;Dongshanba Lalo&quot;},
	[&quot;yil&quot;] = {&quot;Yindjilandji&quot;},
	[&quot;yim&quot;] = {&quot;Yimchungru Naga&quot;},
	[&quot;yin&quot;] = {&quot;Yinchia&quot;},
	[&quot;yip&quot;] = {&quot;Pholo&quot;},
	[&quot;yiq&quot;] = {&quot;Miqie&quot;},
	[&quot;yir&quot;] = {&quot;North Awyu&quot;},
	[&quot;yis&quot;] = {&quot;Yis&quot;},
	[&quot;yit&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Lalu&quot;},
	[&quot;yiu&quot;] = {&quot;Awu&quot;},
	[&quot;yiv&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Nisu&quot;},
	[&quot;yix&quot;] = {&quot;Axi Yi&quot;},
	[&quot;yiz&quot;] = {&quot;Azhe&quot;},
	[&quot;yka&quot;] = {&quot;Yakan&quot;},
	[&quot;ykg&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Yukaghir&quot;},
	[&quot;yki&quot;] = {&quot;Yoke&quot;},
	[&quot;ykk&quot;] = {&quot;Yakaikeke&quot;},
	[&quot;ykl&quot;] = {&quot;Khlula&quot;},
	[&quot;ykm&quot;] = {&quot;Kap&quot;},
	[&quot;ykn&quot;] = {&quot;Kua-nsi&quot;},
	[&quot;yko&quot;] = {&quot;Yasa&quot;},
	[&quot;ykr&quot;] = {&quot;Yekora&quot;},
	[&quot;ykt&quot;] = {&quot;Kathu&quot;},
	[&quot;yku&quot;] = {&quot;Kuamasi&quot;},
	[&quot;yky&quot;] = {&quot;Yakoma&quot;},
	[&quot;yla&quot;] = {&quot;Yaul&quot;},
	[&quot;ylb&quot;] = {&quot;Yaleba&quot;},
	[&quot;yle&quot;] = {&quot;Yele&quot;},
	[&quot;ylg&quot;] = {&quot;Yelogu&quot;},
	[&quot;yli&quot;] = {&quot;Angguruk Yali&quot;},
	[&quot;yll&quot;] = {&quot;Yil&quot;},
	[&quot;ylm&quot;] = {&quot;Limi&quot;},
	[&quot;yln&quot;] = {&quot;Langnian Buyang&quot;},
	[&quot;ylo&quot;] = {&quot;Naluo Yi&quot;},
	[&quot;ylr&quot;] = {&quot;Yalarnnga&quot;},
	[&quot;ylu&quot;] = {&quot;Aribwaung&quot;},
	[&quot;yly&quot;] = {&quot;Nyâlayu&quot;, &quot;Nyelâyu&quot;},
	[&quot;ymb&quot;] = {&quot;Yambes&quot;},
	[&quot;ymc&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Muji&quot;},
	[&quot;ymd&quot;] = {&quot;Muda&quot;},
	[&quot;yme&quot;] = {&quot;Yameo&quot;},
	[&quot;ymg&quot;] = {&quot;Yamongeri&quot;},
	[&quot;ymh&quot;] = {&quot;Mili&quot;},
	[&quot;ymi&quot;] = {&quot;Moji&quot;},
	[&quot;ymk&quot;] = {&quot;Makwe&quot;},
	[&quot;yml&quot;] = {&quot;Iamalele&quot;},
	[&quot;ymm&quot;] = {&quot;Maay&quot;},
	[&quot;ymn&quot;] = {&quot;Sunum&quot;, &quot;Yamna&quot;},
	[&quot;ymo&quot;] = {&quot;Yangum Mon&quot;},
	[&quot;ymp&quot;] = {&quot;Yamap&quot;},
	[&quot;ymq&quot;] = {&quot;Qila Muji&quot;},
	[&quot;ymr&quot;] = {&quot;Malasar&quot;},
	[&quot;yms&quot;] = {&quot;Mysian&quot;},
	[&quot;ymx&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Muji&quot;},
	[&quot;ymz&quot;] = {&quot;Muzi&quot;},
	[&quot;yna&quot;] = {&quot;Aluo&quot;},
	[&quot;ynd&quot;] = {&quot;Yandruwandha&quot;},
	[&quot;yne&quot;] = {&quot;Lang'e&quot;},
	[&quot;yng&quot;] = {&quot;Yango&quot;},
	[&quot;ynk&quot;] = {&quot;Naukan Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;ynl&quot;] = {&quot;Yangulam&quot;},
	[&quot;ynn&quot;] = {&quot;Yana&quot;},
	[&quot;yno&quot;] = {&quot;Yong&quot;},
	[&quot;ynq&quot;] = {&quot;Yendang&quot;},
	[&quot;yns&quot;] = {&quot;Yansi&quot;},
	[&quot;ynu&quot;] = {&quot;Yahuna&quot;},
	[&quot;yob&quot;] = {&quot;Yoba&quot;},
	[&quot;yog&quot;] = {&quot;Yogad&quot;},
	[&quot;yoi&quot;] = {&quot;Yonaguni&quot;},
	[&quot;yok&quot;] = {&quot;Yokuts&quot;},
	[&quot;yol&quot;] = {&quot;Yola&quot;},
	[&quot;yom&quot;] = {&quot;Yombe&quot;},
	[&quot;yon&quot;] = {&quot;Yongkom&quot;},
	[&quot;yor&quot;] = {&quot;Yoruba&quot;},
	[&quot;yot&quot;] = {&quot;Yotti&quot;},
	[&quot;yox&quot;] = {&quot;Yoron&quot;},
	[&quot;yoy&quot;] = {&quot;Yoy&quot;},
	[&quot;ypa&quot;] = {&quot;Phala&quot;},
	[&quot;ypb&quot;] = {&quot;Labo Phowa&quot;},
	[&quot;ypg&quot;] = {&quot;Phola&quot;},
	[&quot;yph&quot;] = {&quot;Phupha&quot;},
	[&quot;ypm&quot;] = {&quot;Phuma&quot;},
	[&quot;ypn&quot;] = {&quot;Ani Phowa&quot;},
	[&quot;ypo&quot;] = {&quot;Alo Phola&quot;},
	[&quot;ypp&quot;] = {&quot;Phupa&quot;},
	[&quot;ypz&quot;] = {&quot;Phuza&quot;},
	[&quot;yra&quot;] = {&quot;Yerakai&quot;},
	[&quot;yrb&quot;] = {&quot;Yareba&quot;},
	[&quot;yre&quot;] = {&quot;Yaouré&quot;},
	[&quot;yrk&quot;] = {&quot;Nenets&quot;},
	[&quot;yrl&quot;] = {&quot;Nhengatu&quot;},
	[&quot;yrm&quot;] = {&quot;Yirrk-Mel&quot;},
	[&quot;yrn&quot;] = {&quot;Yerong&quot;},
	[&quot;yro&quot;] = {&quot;Yaroamë&quot;},
	[&quot;yrs&quot;] = {&quot;Yarsun&quot;},
	[&quot;yrw&quot;] = {&quot;Yarawata&quot;},
	[&quot;yry&quot;] = {&quot;Yarluyandi&quot;},
	[&quot;ysc&quot;] = {&quot;Yassic&quot;},
	[&quot;ysd&quot;] = {&quot;Samatao&quot;},
	[&quot;ysg&quot;] = {&quot;Sonaga&quot;},
	[&quot;ysl&quot;] = {&quot;Yugoslavian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;ysn&quot;] = {&quot;Sani&quot;},
	[&quot;yso&quot;] = {&quot;Nisi (China)&quot;},
	[&quot;ysp&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Lolopo&quot;},
	[&quot;ysr&quot;] = {&quot;Sirenik Yupik&quot;},
	[&quot;yss&quot;] = {&quot;Yessan-Mayo&quot;},
	[&quot;ysy&quot;] = {&quot;Sanie&quot;},
	[&quot;yta&quot;] = {&quot;Talu&quot;},
	[&quot;ytl&quot;] = {&quot;Tanglang&quot;},
	[&quot;ytp&quot;] = {&quot;Thopho&quot;},
	[&quot;ytw&quot;] = {&quot;Yout Wam&quot;},
	[&quot;yty&quot;] = {&quot;Yatay&quot;},
	[&quot;yua&quot;] = {&quot;Yucatec Maya&quot;, &quot;Yucateco&quot;},
	[&quot;yub&quot;] = {&quot;Yugambal&quot;},
	[&quot;yuc&quot;] = {&quot;Yuchi&quot;},
	[&quot;yud&quot;] = {&quot;Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;yue&quot;] = {&quot;Yue Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;yuf&quot;] = {&quot;Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai&quot;},
	[&quot;yug&quot;] = {&quot;Yug&quot;},
	[&quot;yui&quot;] = {&quot;Yurutí&quot;},
	[&quot;yuj&quot;] = {&quot;Karkar-Yuri&quot;},
	[&quot;yuk&quot;] = {&quot;Yuki&quot;},
	[&quot;yul&quot;] = {&quot;Yulu&quot;},
	[&quot;yum&quot;] = {&quot;Quechan&quot;},
	[&quot;yun&quot;] = {&quot;Bena (Nigeria)&quot;},
	[&quot;yup&quot;] = {&quot;Yukpa&quot;},
	[&quot;yuq&quot;] = {&quot;Yuqui&quot;},
	[&quot;yur&quot;] = {&quot;Yurok&quot;},
	[&quot;yut&quot;] = {&quot;Yopno&quot;},
	[&quot;yuw&quot;] = {&quot;Yau (Morobe Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;yux&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Yukaghir&quot;},
	[&quot;yuy&quot;] = {&quot;East Yugur&quot;},
	[&quot;yuz&quot;] = {&quot;Yuracare&quot;},
	[&quot;yva&quot;] = {&quot;Yawa&quot;},
	[&quot;yvt&quot;] = {&quot;Yavitero&quot;},
	[&quot;ywa&quot;] = {&quot;Kalou&quot;},
	[&quot;ywg&quot;] = {&quot;Yinhawangka&quot;},
	[&quot;ywl&quot;] = {&quot;Western Lalu&quot;},
	[&quot;ywn&quot;] = {&quot;Yawanawa&quot;},
	[&quot;ywq&quot;] = {&quot;Wuding-Luquan Yi&quot;},
	[&quot;ywr&quot;] = {&quot;Yawuru&quot;},
	[&quot;ywt&quot;] = {&quot;Central Lalo&quot;, &quot;Xishanba Lalo&quot;},
	[&quot;ywu&quot;] = {&quot;Wumeng Nasu&quot;},
	[&quot;yww&quot;] = {&quot;Yawarawarga&quot;},
	[&quot;yxa&quot;] = {&quot;Mayawali&quot;},
	[&quot;yxg&quot;] = {&quot;Yagara&quot;},
	[&quot;yxl&quot;] = {&quot;Yardliyawarra&quot;},
	[&quot;yxm&quot;] = {&quot;Yinwum&quot;},
	[&quot;yxu&quot;] = {&quot;Yuyu&quot;},
	[&quot;yxy&quot;] = {&quot;Yabula Yabula&quot;},
	[&quot;yyr&quot;] = {&quot;Yir Yoront&quot;},
	[&quot;yyu&quot;] = {&quot;Yau (Sandaun Province)&quot;},
	[&quot;yyz&quot;] = {&quot;Ayizi&quot;},
	[&quot;yzg&quot;] = {&quot;E'ma Buyang&quot;},
	[&quot;yzk&quot;] = {&quot;Zokhuo&quot;},
	[&quot;zaa&quot;] = {&quot;Sierra de Juárez Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zab&quot;] = {&quot;San Juan Guelavía Zapotec&quot;, &quot;Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zac&quot;] = {&quot;Ocotlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zad&quot;] = {&quot;Cajonos Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zae&quot;] = {&quot;Yareni Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zaf&quot;] = {&quot;Ayoquesco Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zag&quot;] = {&quot;Zaghawa&quot;},
	[&quot;zah&quot;] = {&quot;Zangwal&quot;},
	[&quot;zai&quot;] = {&quot;Isthmus Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zaj&quot;] = {&quot;Zaramo&quot;},
	[&quot;zak&quot;] = {&quot;Zanaki&quot;},
	[&quot;zal&quot;] = {&quot;Zauzou&quot;},
	[&quot;zam&quot;] = {&quot;Miahuatlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zao&quot;] = {&quot;Ozolotepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zap&quot;] = {&quot;Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zaq&quot;] = {&quot;Aloápam Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zar&quot;] = {&quot;Rincón Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zas&quot;] = {&quot;Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zat&quot;] = {&quot;Tabaa Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zau&quot;] = {&quot;Zangskari&quot;},
	[&quot;zav&quot;] = {&quot;Yatzachi Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zaw&quot;] = {&quot;Mitla Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zax&quot;] = {&quot;Xadani Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zay&quot;] = {&quot;Zaysete&quot;, &quot;Zayse-Zergulla&quot;},
	[&quot;zaz&quot;] = {&quot;Zari&quot;},
	[&quot;zbc&quot;] = {&quot;Central Berawan&quot;},
	[&quot;zbe&quot;] = {&quot;East Berawan&quot;},
	[&quot;zbl&quot;] = {&quot;Bliss&quot;, &quot;Blissymbolics&quot;, &quot;Blissymbols&quot;},
	[&quot;zbt&quot;] = {&quot;Batui&quot;},
	[&quot;zbw&quot;] = {&quot;West Berawan&quot;},
	[&quot;zca&quot;] = {&quot;Coatecas Altas Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zch&quot;] = {&quot;Central Hongshuihe Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zdj&quot;] = {&quot;Ngazidja Comorian&quot;},
	[&quot;zea&quot;] = {&quot;Zeeuws&quot;},
	[&quot;zeg&quot;] = {&quot;Zenag&quot;},
	[&quot;zeh&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zen&quot;] = {&quot;Zenaga&quot;},
	[&quot;zga&quot;] = {&quot;Kinga&quot;},
	[&quot;zgb&quot;] = {&quot;Guibei Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zgh&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Moroccan Tamazight&quot;},
	[&quot;zgm&quot;] = {&quot;Minz Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zgn&quot;] = {&quot;Guibian Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zgr&quot;] = {&quot;Magori&quot;},
	[&quot;zha&quot;] = {&quot;Chuang&quot;, &quot;Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zhb&quot;] = {&quot;Zhaba&quot;},
	[&quot;zhd&quot;] = {&quot;Dai Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zhi&quot;] = {&quot;Zhire&quot;},
	[&quot;zhn&quot;] = {&quot;Nong Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zho&quot;] = {&quot;Chinese&quot;},
	[&quot;zhw&quot;] = {&quot;Zhoa&quot;},
	[&quot;zia&quot;] = {&quot;Zia&quot;},
	[&quot;zib&quot;] = {&quot;Zimbabwe Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;zik&quot;] = {&quot;Zimakani&quot;},
	[&quot;zil&quot;] = {&quot;Zialo&quot;},
	[&quot;zim&quot;] = {&quot;Mesme&quot;},
	[&quot;zin&quot;] = {&quot;Zinza&quot;},
	[&quot;zir&quot;] = {&quot;Ziriya&quot;},
	[&quot;ziw&quot;] = {&quot;Zigula&quot;},
	[&quot;ziz&quot;] = {&quot;Zizilivakan&quot;},
	[&quot;zka&quot;] = {&quot;Kaimbulawa&quot;},
	[&quot;zkb&quot;] = {&quot;Koibal&quot;},
	[&quot;zkd&quot;] = {&quot;Kadu&quot;},
	[&quot;zkg&quot;] = {&quot;Koguryo&quot;},
	[&quot;zkh&quot;] = {&quot;Khorezmian&quot;},
	[&quot;zkk&quot;] = {&quot;Karankawa&quot;},
	[&quot;zkn&quot;] = {&quot;Kanan&quot;},
	[&quot;zko&quot;] = {&quot;Kott&quot;},
	[&quot;zkp&quot;] = {&quot;São Paulo Kaingáng&quot;},
	[&quot;zkr&quot;] = {&quot;Zakhring&quot;},
	[&quot;zkt&quot;] = {&quot;Kitan&quot;},
	[&quot;zku&quot;] = {&quot;Kaurna&quot;},
	[&quot;zkv&quot;] = {&quot;Krevinian&quot;},
	[&quot;zkz&quot;] = {&quot;Khazar&quot;},
	[&quot;zlj&quot;] = {&quot;Liujiang Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zlm&quot;] = {&quot;Malay (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;zln&quot;] = {&quot;Lianshan Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zlq&quot;] = {&quot;Liuqian Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zma&quot;] = {&quot;Manda (Australia)&quot;},
	[&quot;zmb&quot;] = {&quot;Zimba&quot;},
	[&quot;zmc&quot;] = {&quot;Margany&quot;},
	[&quot;zmd&quot;] = {&quot;Maridan&quot;},
	[&quot;zme&quot;] = {&quot;Mangerr&quot;},
	[&quot;zmf&quot;] = {&quot;Mfinu&quot;},
	[&quot;zmg&quot;] = {&quot;Marti Ke&quot;},
	[&quot;zmh&quot;] = {&quot;Makolkol&quot;},
	[&quot;zmi&quot;] = {&quot;Negeri Sembilan Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;zmj&quot;] = {&quot;Maridjabin&quot;},
	[&quot;zmk&quot;] = {&quot;Mandandanyi&quot;},
	[&quot;zml&quot;] = {&quot;Madngele&quot;},
	[&quot;zmm&quot;] = {&quot;Marimanindji&quot;},
	[&quot;zmn&quot;] = {&quot;Mbangwe&quot;},
	[&quot;zmo&quot;] = {&quot;Molo&quot;},
	[&quot;zmp&quot;] = {&quot;Mpuono&quot;},
	[&quot;zmq&quot;] = {&quot;Mituku&quot;},
	[&quot;zmr&quot;] = {&quot;Maranunggu&quot;},
	[&quot;zms&quot;] = {&quot;Mbesa&quot;},
	[&quot;zmt&quot;] = {&quot;Maringarr&quot;},
	[&quot;zmu&quot;] = {&quot;Muruwari&quot;},
	[&quot;zmv&quot;] = {&quot;Mbariman-Gudhinma&quot;},
	[&quot;zmw&quot;] = {&quot;Mbo (Democratic Republic of Congo)&quot;},
	[&quot;zmx&quot;] = {&quot;Bomitaba&quot;},
	[&quot;zmy&quot;] = {&quot;Mariyedi&quot;},
	[&quot;zmz&quot;] = {&quot;Mbandja&quot;},
	[&quot;zna&quot;] = {&quot;Zan Gula&quot;},
	[&quot;zne&quot;] = {&quot;Zande (individual language)&quot;},
	[&quot;zng&quot;] = {&quot;Mang&quot;},
	[&quot;znk&quot;] = {&quot;Manangkari&quot;},
	[&quot;zns&quot;] = {&quot;Mangas&quot;},
	[&quot;zoc&quot;] = {&quot;Copainalá Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zoh&quot;] = {&quot;Chimalapa Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zom&quot;] = {&quot;Zou&quot;},
	[&quot;zoo&quot;] = {&quot;Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zoq&quot;] = {&quot;Tabasco Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zor&quot;] = {&quot;Rayón Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zos&quot;] = {&quot;Francisco León Zoque&quot;},
	[&quot;zpa&quot;] = {&quot;Lachiguiri Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpb&quot;] = {&quot;Yautepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpc&quot;] = {&quot;Choapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpd&quot;] = {&quot;Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpe&quot;] = {&quot;Petapa Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpf&quot;] = {&quot;San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpg&quot;] = {&quot;Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zph&quot;] = {&quot;Totomachapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpi&quot;] = {&quot;Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpj&quot;] = {&quot;Quiavicuzas Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpk&quot;] = {&quot;Tlacolulita Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpl&quot;] = {&quot;Lachixío Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpm&quot;] = {&quot;Mixtepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpn&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpo&quot;] = {&quot;Amatlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpp&quot;] = {&quot;El Alto Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpq&quot;] = {&quot;Zoogocho Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpr&quot;] = {&quot;Santiago Xanica Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zps&quot;] = {&quot;Coatlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpt&quot;] = {&quot;San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpu&quot;] = {&quot;Yalálag Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpv&quot;] = {&quot;Chichicapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpw&quot;] = {&quot;Zaniza Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpx&quot;] = {&quot;San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpy&quot;] = {&quot;Mazaltepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zpz&quot;] = {&quot;Texmelucan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zqe&quot;] = {&quot;Qiubei Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zra&quot;] = {&quot;Kara (Korea)&quot;},
	[&quot;zrg&quot;] = {&quot;Mirgan&quot;},
	[&quot;zrn&quot;] = {&quot;Zerenkel&quot;},
	[&quot;zro&quot;] = {&quot;Záparo&quot;},
	[&quot;zrp&quot;] = {&quot;Zarphatic&quot;},
	[&quot;zrs&quot;] = {&quot;Mairasi&quot;},
	[&quot;zsa&quot;] = {&quot;Sarasira&quot;},
	[&quot;zsk&quot;] = {&quot;Kaskean&quot;},
	[&quot;zsl&quot;] = {&quot;Zambian Sign Language&quot;},
	[&quot;zsm&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Malay&quot;},
	[&quot;zsr&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Rincon Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zsu&quot;] = {&quot;Sukurum&quot;},
	[&quot;zte&quot;] = {&quot;Elotepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztg&quot;] = {&quot;Xanaguía Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztl&quot;] = {&quot;Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztm&quot;] = {&quot;San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztn&quot;] = {&quot;Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztp&quot;] = {&quot;Loxicha Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztq&quot;] = {&quot;Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zts&quot;] = {&quot;Tilquiapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztt&quot;] = {&quot;Tejalapan Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztu&quot;] = {&quot;Güilá Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;ztx&quot;] = {&quot;Zaachila Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zty&quot;] = {&quot;Yatee Zapotec&quot;},
	[&quot;zua&quot;] = {&quot;Zeem&quot;},
	[&quot;zuh&quot;] = {&quot;Tokano&quot;},
	[&quot;zul&quot;] = {&quot;Zulu&quot;},
	[&quot;zum&quot;] = {&quot;Kumzari&quot;},
	[&quot;zun&quot;] = {&quot;Zuni&quot;},
	[&quot;zuy&quot;] = {&quot;Zumaya&quot;},
	[&quot;zwa&quot;] = {&quot;Zay&quot;},
	[&quot;zxx&quot;] = {&quot;No linguistic content&quot;, &quot;Not applicable&quot;},
	[&quot;zyb&quot;] = {&quot;Yongbei Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zyg&quot;] = {&quot;Yang Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zyj&quot;] = {&quot;Youjiang Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zyn&quot;] = {&quot;Yongnan Zhuang&quot;},
	[&quot;zyp&quot;] = {&quot;Zyphe Chin&quot;},
	[&quot;zza&quot;] = {&quot;Dimili&quot;, &quot;Dimli (macrolanguage)&quot;, &quot;Kirdki&quot;, &quot;Kirmanjki (macrolanguage)&quot;, &quot;Zaza&quot;, &quot;Zazaki&quot;},
	[&quot;zzj&quot;] = {&quot;Zuojiang Zhuang&quot;}
	}</text>
      <sha1>qusi24807cf6ddt9ln8us0jnax4zv31</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Language/data/wp languages</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5580</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32101</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:49:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32101</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="12859" sha1="tqc6ml38gskqb3t06evnn026nt283ew" xml:space="preserve">return 	{	-- wp preferred names													-- IANA language names and notes
--ISO 639-1 codes
	[&quot;ab&quot;] = {&quot;Abkhaz&quot;},														-- Abkhazian
	[&quot;an&quot;] = {&quot;Aragonese&quot;},														-- Aragonese; same, delete?
	[&quot;av&quot;] = {&quot;Avar&quot;},															-- Avaric
	[&quot;bh&quot;] = {&quot;Bihari&quot;},														-- Bihari languages; collective
	[&quot;bo&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Tibetan&quot;},												-- Tibetan
	[&quot;cu&quot;] = {&quot;Old Church Slavonic&quot;},											-- Church Slavic, Church Slavonic, Old Bulgarian, Old Church Slavonic, Old Slavonic
	[&quot;de-AT&quot;] = {&quot;Austrian German&quot;},
	[&quot;el&quot;] = {&quot;Greek&quot;},															-- Modern Greek (1453-)
	[&quot;en-AU&quot;] = {&quot;Australian English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-CA&quot;] = {&quot;Canadian English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-GB&quot;] = {&quot;British English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-IE&quot;] = {&quot;Irish English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-NZ&quot;] = {&quot;New Zealand English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-SA&quot;] = {&quot;South African English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-US&quot;] = {&quot;American English&quot;},
	[&quot;ff&quot;] = {&quot;Fula&quot;},															-- Fulah
	[&quot;fy&quot;] = {&quot;Frisian&quot;},														-- Western Frisian
	[&quot;ht&quot;] = {&quot;Haitian Creole&quot;},												-- Haitian, Haitian Creole
	[&quot;hz&quot;] = {&quot;Otjiherero&quot;},													-- Herero
	[&quot;ia&quot;] = {&quot;Interlingua&quot;},													-- Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
	[&quot;ii&quot;] = {&quot;Yi&quot;},															-- Sichuan Yi, Nuosu
	[&quot;ki&quot;] = {&quot;Gikuyu&quot;},														-- Kikuyu, Gikuyu
	[&quot;kk&quot;] = {&quot;Kazakh&quot;},														-- Kazakh; same, delete?
	[&quot;kl&quot;] = {&quot;Greenlandic&quot;},													-- Kalaallisut, Greenlandic
	[&quot;km&quot;] = {&quot;Khmer&quot;},															-- Central Khmer
	[&quot;ky&quot;] = {&quot;Kyrgyz&quot;},														-- Kirghiz, Kyrgyz
	[&quot;lg&quot;] = {&quot;Luganda&quot;},														-- Ganda
	[&quot;li&quot;] = {&quot;Limburgish&quot;},													-- Limburgan, Limburger, Limburgish
	[&quot;mi&quot;] = {&quot;Māori&quot;},															-- Maori
	[&quot;ms&quot;] = {&quot;Malay&quot;},															-- Malay (macrolanguage)
	[&quot;na&quot;] = {&quot;Nauruan&quot;},														-- Nauru
	[&quot;nb&quot;] = {&quot;Bokmål&quot;},														-- Norwegian Bokmål
	[&quot;nd&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Ndebele&quot;},												-- North Ndebele
	[&quot;ne&quot;] = {&quot;Nepali&quot;},														-- Nepali (macrolanguage)
	[&quot;nn&quot;] = {&quot;Nynorsk&quot;},														-- Norwegian Nynorsk
	[&quot;nr&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Ndebele&quot;},												-- South Ndebele
	[&quot;ny&quot;] = {&quot;Chichewa&quot;},														-- Nyanja, Chewa, Chichewa
	[&quot;oc&quot;] = {&quot;Occitan&quot;},														-- Occitan (post 1500)
	[&quot;oj&quot;] = {&quot;Ojibwe&quot;},														-- Ojibwa
	[&quot;or&quot;] = {&quot;Odia&quot;},															-- Oriya (macrolanguage), Odia (macrolanguage)
	[&quot;pa&quot;] = {&quot;Punjabi&quot;},														-- Panjabi, Punjabi
	[&quot;pi&quot;] = {&quot;Pali&quot;},															-- Pali; same, delete?
	[&quot;rn&quot;] = {&quot;Kirundi&quot;},														-- Rundi
	[&quot;ro&quot;] = {&quot;Romanian&quot;},														-- Romanian, Moldavian, Moldovan; same as first in IANA list, delete?
	[&quot;rw&quot;] = {&quot;Kinyarwanda&quot;},													-- Kinyarwanda; same, delete?
	[&quot;si&quot;] = {&quot;Sinhalese&quot;},														-- Sinhala, Sinhalese
	[&quot;sl&quot;] = {&quot;Slovene&quot;},														-- Slovenian
	[&quot;sr-Cyrl&quot;] = {&quot;Serbian Cyrillic&quot;},											-- sr = Serbian; Cyrillic is the alphabet
	[&quot;ss&quot;] = {&quot;Swazi&quot;},															-- Swati
	[&quot;st&quot;] = {&quot;Sotho&quot;},															-- Southern Sotho
	[&quot;sw&quot;] = {&quot;Swahili&quot;},														-- Swahili (macrolanguage)
	[&quot;to&quot;] = {&quot;Tongan&quot;},														-- Tonga (Tonga Islands)
	[&quot;za&quot;] = {&quot;Zhuang&quot;},														-- Zhuang, Chuang; ; same as first in IANA list, delete?


-- ISO 639-2 codes
	[&quot;ber&quot;] = {&quot;Berber&quot;},														-- Berber languages
	[&quot;cel&quot;] = {&quot;Proto-Celtic&quot;},													-- Celtic languages
	[&quot;gem&quot;] = {&quot;Proto-Germanic&quot;},												-- Germanic languages
	[&quot;myn&quot;] = {&quot;Mayan&quot;},														-- Mayan languages
	[&quot;nah&quot;] = {&quot;Nahuatl&quot;},														-- Nahuatl languages
	[&quot;pra&quot;] = {&quot;Prakrit&quot;},														-- Prakrit languages
--	[&quot;roa&quot;] = {&quot;Jèrriais&quot;},														-- Romance languages
	[&quot;sal&quot;] = {&quot;Salish&quot;},														-- Salishan languages
	[&quot;sla&quot;] = {&quot;Slavic&quot;},														-- Slavic languages
	[&quot;son&quot;] = {&quot;Songhay&quot;},														-- Songhai languages
	[&quot;wen&quot;] = {&quot;Sorbian&quot;},														-- Sorbian languages


-- ISO 639-3 codes
	[&quot;abk&quot;] = {&quot;Abkhaz&quot;},														-- not in IANA; see code ab
	[&quot;ace&quot;] = {&quot;Acehnese&quot;},														-- Achinese
	[&quot;aec&quot;] = {&quot;Sa'idi Arabic&quot;},												-- Saidi Arabic
	[&quot;ain&quot;] = {&quot;Ainu&quot;},															-- Ainu (Japan)
	[&quot;akl&quot;] = {&quot;Aklan&quot;},														-- Aklanon
	[&quot;alt&quot;] = {&quot;Altay&quot;},														-- Southern Altai
	[&quot;ang&quot;] = {&quot;Old English&quot;},													-- Old English (ca. 450-1100)
	[&quot;apm&quot;] = {&quot;Mescalero-Chiricahua&quot;},											-- Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache
	[&quot;bal&quot;] = {&quot;Balochi&quot;},														-- Baluchi
	[&quot;bar&quot;] = {&quot;Austro-Bavarian&quot;},												-- Bavarian
	[&quot;bcl&quot;] = {&quot;Central Bicolano&quot;},												-- Central Bikol
	[&quot;bin&quot;] = {&quot;Edo&quot;},															-- Bini, Edo
	[&quot;bpy&quot;] = {&quot;Bishnupriya Manipuri&quot;},											-- Bishnupriya
	[&quot;brx&quot;] = {&quot;Bodo&quot;},															-- Bodo (India)
	[&quot;chg&quot;] = {&quot;Chagatay&quot;},														-- Chagatai
	[&quot;chm&quot;] = {&quot;Mari&quot;},															-- Mari (Russia)
	[&quot;ckb&quot;] = {&quot;Sorani Kurdish&quot;},												-- Central Kurdish
	[&quot;cnu&quot;] = {&quot;Shenwa&quot;},														-- Chenoua
	[&quot;coc&quot;] = {&quot;Cocopah&quot;},														-- Cocopa
	[&quot;deu&quot;] = {&quot;early German&quot;},													-- not in IANA; see code de
	[&quot;diq&quot;] = {&quot;Zazaki&quot;},														-- Dimli (individual language)
	[&quot;egy&quot;] = {&quot;Egyptian&quot;},														-- Egyptian (Ancient)
	[&quot;ell&quot;] = {&quot;Modern Greek&quot;},													-- not in IANA; see code el
	[&quot;enm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle English&quot;},												-- Middle English (1100-1500)
	[&quot;fit&quot;] = {&quot;Meänkieli&quot;},													-- Tornedalen Finnish
	[&quot;fkv&quot;] = {&quot;Kven&quot;},															-- Kven Finnish
	[&quot;frk&quot;] = {&quot;Old Frankish&quot;},													-- Frankish
	[&quot;frm&quot;] = {&quot;Middle French&quot;},												-- Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)
	[&quot;fro&quot;] = {&quot;Old French&quot;},													-- Old French (842-ca. 1400)
	[&quot;fry&quot;] = {&quot;West Frisian&quot;},													-- not in IANA; see code fy
	[&quot;gez&quot;] = {&quot;Ge'ez&quot;},														-- Geez
	[&quot;gju&quot;] = {&quot;Gujari &quot;},														-- Gujari; same, delete?
	[&quot;gmh&quot;] = {&quot;Middle High German&quot;},											-- Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)
	[&quot;goh&quot;] = {&quot;Old High German&quot;},												-- Old High German (ca. 750-1050)
	[&quot;grc&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Greek&quot;},												-- Ancient Greek (to 1453)
	[&quot;gsw&quot;] = {&quot;Alemannic German&quot;},												-- Swiss German, Alemannic, Alsatian
	[&quot;gul&quot;] = {&quot;Gullah&quot;},														-- Sea Island Creole English
	[&quot;hak&quot;] = {&quot;Hakka&quot;},														-- Hakka Chinese
	[&quot;hbo&quot;] = {&quot;Biblical Hebrew&quot;},												-- Ancient Hebrew
	[&quot;hnd&quot;] = {&quot;Hindko&quot;},														-- Southern Hindko
	[&quot;ikt&quot;] = {&quot;Inuvialuk&quot;},													-- Inuinnaqtun, Western Canadian Inuktitut
	[&quot;ilo&quot;] = {&quot;Ilokano&quot;},														-- Iloko
	[&quot;kaa&quot;] = {&quot;Karakalpak&quot;},													-- Kara-Kalpak
	[&quot;khb&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Lü&quot;},														-- Lü
	[&quot;kmr&quot;] = {&quot;Kurmanji Kurdish&quot;},												-- Northern Kurdish
	[&quot;knn&quot;] = {&quot;Konkani&quot;},														-- Konkani (individual language)
	[&quot;kok&quot;] = {&quot;Konkani&quot;},														-- Konkani (macrolanguage)
	[&quot;kpo&quot;] = {&quot;Kposo&quot;},														-- Ikposo
	[&quot;krj&quot;] = {&quot;Kinaray-a&quot;},													-- Kinaray-A
	[&quot;ksh&quot;] = {&quot;Ripuarian&quot;},													-- Kölsch;  --ksh is the code of Colognian, but ksh.wiki is the Ripuarian Wikipedia
	[&quot;ktz&quot;] = {&quot;Juǀ'hoan&quot;},														-- Ju/'hoan, Juǀʼhoan, Juǀʼhoansi
	[&quot;lez&quot;] = {&quot;Lezgian&quot;},														-- Lezghian
	[&quot;liv&quot;] = {&quot;Livonian&quot;},														-- Liv
	[&quot;lng&quot;] = {&quot;Lombardic&quot;},													-- Langobardic
	[&quot;maz&quot;] = {&quot;Mazovian&quot;},														-- Central Mazahua
	[&quot;mga&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Irish&quot;},													-- Middle Irish (900-1200)
	[&quot;mhr&quot;] = {&quot;Mari&quot;},															-- Eastern Mari
	[&quot;mia&quot;] = {&quot;Miami-Illinois&quot;},												-- Miami
	[&quot;miq&quot;] = {&quot;Miskito&quot;},														-- Mískito
	[&quot;mix&quot;] = {&quot;Mixtec&quot;},														-- Mixtepec Mixtec
--	[&quot;mla&quot;] = {&quot;Medieval Latin&quot;},												-- Malo; clearly a misuse of code mla;
	[&quot;mni&quot;] = {&quot;Meitei&quot;},														-- Manipuri
	[&quot;mol&quot;] = {&quot;Moldovan&quot;, &quot;ro&quot;},												-- Moldavian, Moldovan (639-3, both retired)
	[&quot;mrj&quot;] = {&quot;Hill Mari&quot;},													-- Western Mari
	[&quot;mww&quot;] = {&quot;White Hmong&quot;},													-- Hmong Daw
	[&quot;mzn&quot;] = {&quot;Mazanderani&quot;},													-- Mazanderani
	[&quot;nan&quot;] = {&quot;Taiwanese Hokkien&quot;},											-- Min Nan Chinese
	[&quot;naq&quot;] = {&quot;Khoekhoe&quot;},														-- Khoekhoe, Nama (Namibia); same as first in IANA list, delete?
--	[&quot;naz&quot;] = {&quot;North Azeri&quot;},													-- Coatepec Nahuatl; clearly a misuse of code naz
	[&quot;nci&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Nahuatl&quot;},											-- Classical Nahuatl; same, delete?
	[&quot;nds-nl&quot;] = {&quot;Dutch Low Saxon&quot;},											-- Low German, Low Saxon; as spoken in the Netherlands; see code nsd
	[&quot;new&quot;] = {&quot;Nepal Bhasa&quot;},													-- Newari, Nepal Bhasa
--	[&quot;nrm&quot;] = {&quot;Norman&quot;},														-- Narom; clearly a misuse of code nrm
--	[&quot;nsd&quot;] = {&quot;Dutch Low Saxon&quot;},												-- Southern Nisu; how can this be right? typo related to code nds-nl?
	[&quot;nso&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Sotho&quot;},												-- Pedi, Northern Sotho, Sepedi
	[&quot;nwc&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Nepal Bhasa&quot;},										-- Classical Newari, Classical Nepal Bhasa, Old Newari
	[&quot;oci&quot;] = {&quot;Provençal&quot;},													-- oc
	[&quot;ood&quot;] = {&quot;O'odham&quot;},														-- Tohono O'odham
	[&quot;ota&quot;] = {&quot;Ottoman Turkish&quot;},												-- Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)
	[&quot;otk&quot;] = {&quot;Old Turkic&quot;},													-- Old Turkish
	[&quot;pal&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Persian&quot;},												-- Pahlavi
	[&quot;pam&quot;] = {&quot;Kapampangan&quot;},													-- Pampanga, Kapampangan
	[&quot;peo&quot;] = {&quot;Old Persian&quot;},													-- Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)
	[&quot;phr&quot;] = {&quot;Potwari&quot;},														-- Pahari-Potwari
	[&quot;pka&quot;] = {&quot;Jain Prakrit&quot;},													-- Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit
	[&quot;pnb&quot;] = {&quot;Punjabi&quot;},														-- Western Panjabi
	[&quot;psu&quot;] = {&quot;Shauraseni&quot;},													-- Sauraseni Prākrit
	[&quot;rap&quot;] = {&quot;Rapa Nui&quot;},														-- Rapanui
	[&quot;rar&quot;] = {&quot;Cook Islands Māori&quot;},											-- Rarotongan, Cook Islands Maori
	[&quot;rmu&quot;] = {&quot;Scandoromani&quot;},													-- Tavringer Romani
	[&quot;rom&quot;] = {&quot;Romani&quot;},														-- Romany
	[&quot;rup&quot;] = {&quot;Aromanian&quot;},													-- Macedo-Romanian, Aromanian, Arumanian
	[&quot;rus&quot;] = {&quot;Russian&quot;},														-- not in IANA; see code ru
	[&quot;ryu&quot;] = {&quot;Okinawan&quot;},														-- Central Okinawan
	[&quot;sah&quot;] = {&quot;Sakha&quot;},														-- Yakut
	[&quot;sdc&quot;] = {&quot;Sassarese&quot;},													-- Sassarese Sardinian
	[&quot;sdn&quot;] = {&quot;Gallurese&quot;},													-- Gallurese Sardinian
	[&quot;sga&quot;] = {&quot;Old Irish&quot;},													-- Old Irish (to 900)
	[&quot;shp&quot;] = {&quot;Shipibo&quot;},														-- Shipibo-Conibo
	[&quot;skr&quot;] = {&quot;Saraiki&quot;},														-- Saraiki, Seraiki; same as first in IANA list, delete?
	[&quot;src&quot;] = {&quot;Logudorese&quot;},													-- Logudorese Sardinian
	[&quot;sro&quot;] = {&quot;Campidanese&quot;},													-- Campidanese Sardinian
	[&quot;tkl&quot;] = {&quot;Tokelauan&quot;},													-- Tokelau
	[&quot;tvl&quot;] = {&quot;Tuvaluan&quot;},														-- Tuvalu
	[&quot;tyv&quot;] = {&quot;Tuvan&quot;},														-- Tuvinian
	[&quot;vls&quot;] = {&quot;West Flemish&quot;},													-- Vlaams
	[&quot;war&quot;] = {&quot;Waray&quot;},														-- Waray (Philippines)
	[&quot;wep&quot;] = {&quot;Westphalian&quot;},													-- Westphalien
	[&quot;xal&quot;] = {&quot;Oirat&quot;},														-- Kalmyk, Oirat
	[&quot;xal-RU&quot;] = {&quot;Kalmyk Oirat&quot;},
	[&quot;xcl&quot;] = {&quot;Old Armenian&quot;},													-- Classical Armenian
	[&quot;yua&quot;] = {&quot;Yucatec Maya&quot;},													-- Yucateco, Yucatec Maya


-- non-standard codes
	[&quot;bat-smg&quot;] = {&quot;Samogitian&quot;},												-- bat = Baltic languages (639-2); dialect of Lithuanian has it's own IANA code sgs; bat-smg
	[&quot;be-x-old &quot;] = {&quot;Belarusian (Taraškievica)&quot;},								-- be = Belarusian; x-old = private use tag; be-x-old.wikipedia.org; space char in index may indicate that this code not used
	[&quot;cbk-zam&quot;] = {&quot;Chavacano&quot;},												-- cbk = Chavacano; zam = Zamboangueño? zam is not an IANA-registered extlang; cbk-zam.wikipedia.org
--	[&quot;cg&quot;] = {&quot;Montenegrin&quot;, &quot;sr-ME&quot;},											-- IANA / ISO 639-3 code is cnr
	[&quot;en-emodeng&quot;] = {&quot;Early Modern English&quot;},									-- emodeng is not an IANA-registered variant
	[&quot;fiu-vro&quot;] = {&quot;Võro&quot;},														-- fiu = Finno-Ugrian languages (639-2); vro = Võro (639-3); fiu-vro.wikipedia.org
	[&quot;gkm&quot;] = {&quot;Medieval Greek&quot;, &quot;grc&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-gre&quot;] = {&quot;Greek&quot;, &quot;grc&quot;},												-- grc = Ancient Greek (to 1453); gre not an IANA-registered code; used by Template:lang-grc-gre
	[&quot;map-bms&quot;] = {&quot;Banyumasan&quot;},												-- dialect of Javanese; map = Austronesian languages (639-2); bms is an IANA registered code not related to Javanese; map-bms.wikipedia.org
	[&quot;roa-rup&quot;] = {&quot;Aromanian&quot;},												-- roa = Romance languages (639-2); rup = Macedo-Romanian, Aromanian, Arumanian (639-3); roa-rup.wikipedia.org
	[&quot;roa-tara&quot;] = {&quot;Tarantino&quot;},												-- roa = Romance languages (639-2); tara is not an IANA registered script; roa-tara.wikipedia.org
	[&quot;simple&quot;] = {&quot;Simple English&quot;},											-- simple is not an IANA registered variant; simple.wikipedia.org
	[&quot;zh-classical&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Chinese&quot;},									-- zh = Chinese; classical is not an IANA-registered variant; zh-classical.wikipedia.org
	[&quot;zh-min-nan&quot;] = {&quot;Min Nan&quot;},												-- zh-min-nan = Minnan, Hokkien, Amoy, Taiwanese, Southern Min, Southern Fujian, Hoklo, Southern Fukien, Ho-lo; granfathered in IANA, nan preferred; zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org
	[&quot;zh-yue&quot;] = {&quot;Cantonese&quot;}													-- zh-yue = Cantonese; redundant in IANA, yue preferred; zh-yue.wikipedia.org
	}</text>
      <sha1>tqc6ml38gskqb3t06evnn026nt283ew</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Language/data/iana scripts</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5581</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32102</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:51:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32102</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6676" sha1="ikxvs2145hh3mookw1kkc9i2dfkkgh7" xml:space="preserve">-- File-Date: 2018-04-23
return {
	[&quot;Adlm&quot;] = {&quot;Adlam&quot;},
	[&quot;Afak&quot;] = {&quot;Afaka&quot;},
	[&quot;Aghb&quot;] = {&quot;Caucasian Albanian&quot;},
	[&quot;Ahom&quot;] = {&quot;Ahom&quot;, &quot;Tai Ahom&quot;},
	[&quot;Arab&quot;] = {&quot;Arabic&quot;},
	[&quot;Aran&quot;] = {&quot;Arabic (Nastaliq variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Armi&quot;] = {&quot;Imperial Aramaic&quot;},
	[&quot;Armn&quot;] = {&quot;Armenian&quot;},
	[&quot;Avst&quot;] = {&quot;Avestan&quot;},
	[&quot;Bali&quot;] = {&quot;Balinese&quot;},
	[&quot;Bamu&quot;] = {&quot;Bamum&quot;},
	[&quot;Bass&quot;] = {&quot;Bassa Vah&quot;},
	[&quot;Batk&quot;] = {&quot;Batak&quot;},
	[&quot;Beng&quot;] = {&quot;Bengali&quot;, &quot;Bangla&quot;},
	[&quot;Bhks&quot;] = {&quot;Bhaiksuki&quot;},
	[&quot;Blis&quot;] = {&quot;Blissymbols&quot;},
	[&quot;Bopo&quot;] = {&quot;Bopomofo&quot;},
	[&quot;Brah&quot;] = {&quot;Brahmi&quot;},
	[&quot;Brai&quot;] = {&quot;Braille&quot;},
	[&quot;Bugi&quot;] = {&quot;Buginese&quot;},
	[&quot;Buhd&quot;] = {&quot;Buhid&quot;},
	[&quot;Cakm&quot;] = {&quot;Chakma&quot;},
	[&quot;Cans&quot;] = {&quot;Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics&quot;},
	[&quot;Cari&quot;] = {&quot;Carian&quot;},
	[&quot;Cham&quot;] = {&quot;Cham&quot;},
	[&quot;Cher&quot;] = {&quot;Cherokee&quot;},
	[&quot;Cirt&quot;] = {&quot;Cirth&quot;},
	[&quot;Copt&quot;] = {&quot;Coptic&quot;},
	[&quot;Cpmn&quot;] = {&quot;Cypro-Minoan&quot;},
	[&quot;Cprt&quot;] = {&quot;Cypriot syllabary&quot;},
	[&quot;Cyrl&quot;] = {&quot;Cyrillic&quot;},
	[&quot;Cyrs&quot;] = {&quot;Cyrillic (Old Church Slavonic variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Deva&quot;] = {&quot;Devanagari&quot;, &quot;Nagari&quot;},
	[&quot;Dogr&quot;] = {&quot;Dogra&quot;},
	[&quot;Dsrt&quot;] = {&quot;Deseret&quot;, &quot;Mormon&quot;},
	[&quot;Dupl&quot;] = {&quot;Duployan shorthand&quot;, &quot;Duployan stenography&quot;},
	[&quot;Egyd&quot;] = {&quot;Egyptian demotic&quot;},
	[&quot;Egyh&quot;] = {&quot;Egyptian hieratic&quot;},
	[&quot;Egyp&quot;] = {&quot;Egyptian hieroglyphs&quot;},
	[&quot;Elba&quot;] = {&quot;Elbasan&quot;},
	[&quot;Ethi&quot;] = {&quot;Ethiopic&quot;, &quot;Geʻez&quot;, &quot;Ge'ez&quot;},
	[&quot;Geok&quot;] = {&quot;Khutsuri (Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri)&quot;},
	[&quot;Geor&quot;] = {&quot;Georgian (Mkhedruli and Mtavruli)&quot;},
	[&quot;Glag&quot;] = {&quot;Glagolitic&quot;},
	[&quot;Gong&quot;] = {&quot;Gunjala Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;Gonm&quot;] = {&quot;Masaram Gondi&quot;},
	[&quot;Goth&quot;] = {&quot;Gothic&quot;},
	[&quot;Gran&quot;] = {&quot;Grantha&quot;},
	[&quot;Grek&quot;] = {&quot;Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;Gujr&quot;] = {&quot;Gujarati&quot;},
	[&quot;Guru&quot;] = {&quot;Gurmukhi&quot;},
	[&quot;Hanb&quot;] = {&quot;Han with Bopomofo (alias for Han + Bopomofo)&quot;},
	[&quot;Hang&quot;] = {&quot;Hangul&quot;, &quot;Hangŭl&quot;, &quot;Hangeul&quot;},
	[&quot;Hani&quot;] = {&quot;Han&quot;, &quot;Hanzi&quot;, &quot;Kanji&quot;, &quot;Hanja&quot;},
	[&quot;Hano&quot;] = {&quot;Hanunoo&quot;, &quot;Hanunóo&quot;},
	[&quot;Hans&quot;] = {&quot;Han (Simplified variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Hant&quot;] = {&quot;Han (Traditional variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Hatr&quot;] = {&quot;Hatran&quot;},
	[&quot;Hebr&quot;] = {&quot;Hebrew&quot;},
	[&quot;Hira&quot;] = {&quot;Hiragana&quot;},
	[&quot;Hluw&quot;] = {&quot;Anatolian Hieroglyphs&quot;, &quot;Luwian Hieroglyphs&quot;, &quot;Hittite Hieroglyphs&quot;},
	[&quot;Hmng&quot;] = {&quot;Pahawh Hmong&quot;},
	[&quot;Hmnp&quot;] = {&quot;Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong&quot;},
	[&quot;Hrkt&quot;] = {&quot;Japanese syllabaries (alias for Hiragana + Katakana)&quot;},
	[&quot;Hung&quot;] = {&quot;Old Hungarian&quot;, &quot;Hungarian Runic&quot;},
	[&quot;Inds&quot;] = {&quot;Indus&quot;, &quot;Harappan&quot;},
	[&quot;Ital&quot;] = {&quot;Old Italic (Etruscan, Oscan, etc.)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jamo&quot;] = {&quot;Jamo (alias for Jamo subset of Hangul)&quot;},
	[&quot;Java&quot;] = {&quot;Javanese&quot;},
	[&quot;Jpan&quot;] = {&quot;Japanese (alias for Han + Hiragana + Katakana)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jurc&quot;] = {&quot;Jurchen&quot;},
	[&quot;Kali&quot;] = {&quot;Kayah Li&quot;},
	[&quot;Kana&quot;] = {&quot;Katakana&quot;},
	[&quot;Khar&quot;] = {&quot;Kharoshthi&quot;},
	[&quot;Khmr&quot;] = {&quot;Khmer&quot;},
	[&quot;Khoj&quot;] = {&quot;Khojki&quot;},
	[&quot;Kitl&quot;] = {&quot;Khitan large script&quot;},
	[&quot;Kits&quot;] = {&quot;Khitan small script&quot;},
	[&quot;Knda&quot;] = {&quot;Kannada&quot;},
	[&quot;Kore&quot;] = {&quot;Korean (alias for Hangul + Han)&quot;},
	[&quot;Kpel&quot;] = {&quot;Kpelle&quot;},
	[&quot;Kthi&quot;] = {&quot;Kaithi&quot;},
	[&quot;Lana&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Tham&quot;, &quot;Lanna&quot;},
	[&quot;Laoo&quot;] = {&quot;Lao&quot;},
	[&quot;Latf&quot;] = {&quot;Latin (Fraktur variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Latg&quot;] = {&quot;Latin (Gaelic variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Latn&quot;] = {&quot;Latin&quot;},
	[&quot;Leke&quot;] = {&quot;Leke&quot;},
	[&quot;Lepc&quot;] = {&quot;Lepcha&quot;, &quot;Róng&quot;},
	[&quot;Limb&quot;] = {&quot;Limbu&quot;},
	[&quot;Lina&quot;] = {&quot;Linear A&quot;},
	[&quot;Linb&quot;] = {&quot;Linear B&quot;},
	[&quot;Lisu&quot;] = {&quot;Lisu&quot;, &quot;Fraser&quot;},
	[&quot;Loma&quot;] = {&quot;Loma&quot;},
	[&quot;Lyci&quot;] = {&quot;Lycian&quot;},
	[&quot;Lydi&quot;] = {&quot;Lydian&quot;},
	[&quot;Mahj&quot;] = {&quot;Mahajani&quot;},
	[&quot;Maka&quot;] = {&quot;Makasar&quot;},
	[&quot;Mand&quot;] = {&quot;Mandaic&quot;, &quot;Mandaean&quot;},
	[&quot;Mani&quot;] = {&quot;Manichaean&quot;},
	[&quot;Marc&quot;] = {&quot;Marchen&quot;},
	[&quot;Maya&quot;] = {&quot;Mayan hieroglyphs&quot;},
	[&quot;Medf&quot;] = {&quot;Medefaidrin&quot;, &quot;Oberi Okaime&quot;, &quot;Oberi Ɔkaimɛ&quot;},
	[&quot;Mend&quot;] = {&quot;Mende Kikakui&quot;},
	[&quot;Merc&quot;] = {&quot;Meroitic Cursive&quot;},
	[&quot;Mero&quot;] = {&quot;Meroitic Hieroglyphs&quot;},
	[&quot;Mlym&quot;] = {&quot;Malayalam&quot;},
	[&quot;Modi&quot;] = {&quot;Modi&quot;, &quot;Moḍī&quot;},
	[&quot;Mong&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolian&quot;},
	[&quot;Moon&quot;] = {&quot;Moon&quot;, &quot;Moon code&quot;, &quot;Moon script&quot;, &quot;Moon type&quot;},
	[&quot;Mroo&quot;] = {&quot;Mro&quot;, &quot;Mru&quot;},
	[&quot;Mtei&quot;] = {&quot;Meitei Mayek&quot;, &quot;Meithei&quot;, &quot;Meetei&quot;},
	[&quot;Mult&quot;] = {&quot;Multani&quot;},
	[&quot;Mymr&quot;] = {&quot;Myanmar&quot;, &quot;Burmese&quot;},
	[&quot;Narb&quot;] = {&quot;Old North Arabian&quot;, &quot;Ancient North Arabian&quot;},
	[&quot;Nbat&quot;] = {&quot;Nabataean&quot;},
	[&quot;Newa&quot;] = {&quot;Newa&quot;, &quot;Newar&quot;, &quot;Newari&quot;, &quot;Nepāla lipi&quot;},
	[&quot;Nkdb&quot;] = {&quot;Naxi Dongba&quot;, &quot;na²¹ɕi³³ to³³ba²¹&quot;, &quot;Nakhi Tomba&quot;},
	[&quot;Nkgb&quot;] = {&quot;Naxi Geba&quot;, &quot;na²¹ɕi³³ gʌ²¹ba²¹&quot;, &quot;'Na-'Khi ²Ggŏ-¹baw&quot;, &quot;Nakhi Geba&quot;},
	[&quot;Nkoo&quot;] = {&quot;N’Ko&quot;, &quot;N'Ko&quot;},
	[&quot;Nshu&quot;] = {&quot;Nüshu&quot;},
	[&quot;Ogam&quot;] = {&quot;Ogham&quot;},
	[&quot;Olck&quot;] = {&quot;Ol Chiki&quot;, &quot;Ol Cemet'&quot;, &quot;Ol&quot;, &quot;Santali&quot;},
	[&quot;Orkh&quot;] = {&quot;Old Turkic&quot;, &quot;Orkhon Runic&quot;},
	[&quot;Orya&quot;] = {&quot;Oriya&quot;, &quot;Odia&quot;},
	[&quot;Osge&quot;] = {&quot;Osage&quot;},
	[&quot;Osma&quot;] = {&quot;Osmanya&quot;},
	[&quot;Palm&quot;] = {&quot;Palmyrene&quot;},
	[&quot;Pauc&quot;] = {&quot;Pau Cin Hau&quot;},
	[&quot;Perm&quot;] = {&quot;Old Permic&quot;},
	[&quot;Phag&quot;] = {&quot;Phags-pa&quot;},
	[&quot;Phli&quot;] = {&quot;Inscriptional Pahlavi&quot;},
	[&quot;Phlp&quot;] = {&quot;Psalter Pahlavi&quot;},
	[&quot;Phlv&quot;] = {&quot;Book Pahlavi&quot;},
	[&quot;Phnx&quot;] = {&quot;Phoenician&quot;},
	[&quot;Piqd&quot;] = {&quot;Klingon (KLI pIqaD)&quot;},
	[&quot;Plrd&quot;] = {&quot;Miao&quot;, &quot;Pollard&quot;},
	[&quot;Prti&quot;] = {&quot;Inscriptional Parthian&quot;},
	[&quot;Rjng&quot;] = {&quot;Rejang&quot;, &quot;Redjang&quot;, &quot;Kaganga&quot;},
	[&quot;Rohg&quot;] = {&quot;Hanifi Rohingya&quot;},
	[&quot;Roro&quot;] = {&quot;Rongorongo&quot;},
	[&quot;Runr&quot;] = {&quot;Runic&quot;},
	[&quot;Samr&quot;] = {&quot;Samaritan&quot;},
	[&quot;Sara&quot;] = {&quot;Sarati&quot;},
	[&quot;Sarb&quot;] = {&quot;Old South Arabian&quot;},
	[&quot;Saur&quot;] = {&quot;Saurashtra&quot;},
	[&quot;Sgnw&quot;] = {&quot;SignWriting&quot;},
	[&quot;Shaw&quot;] = {&quot;Shavian&quot;, &quot;Shaw&quot;},
	[&quot;Shrd&quot;] = {&quot;Sharada&quot;, &quot;Śāradā&quot;},
	[&quot;Shui&quot;] = {&quot;Shuishu&quot;},
	[&quot;Sidd&quot;] = {&quot;Siddham&quot;, &quot;Siddhaṃ&quot;, &quot;Siddhamātṛkā&quot;},
	[&quot;Sind&quot;] = {&quot;Khudawadi&quot;, &quot;Sindhi&quot;},
	[&quot;Sinh&quot;] = {&quot;Sinhala&quot;},
	[&quot;Sogd&quot;] = {&quot;Sogdian&quot;},
	[&quot;Sogo&quot;] = {&quot;Old Sogdian&quot;},
	[&quot;Sora&quot;] = {&quot;Sora Sompeng&quot;},
	[&quot;Soyo&quot;] = {&quot;Soyombo&quot;},
	[&quot;Sund&quot;] = {&quot;Sundanese&quot;},
	[&quot;Sylo&quot;] = {&quot;Syloti Nagri&quot;},
	[&quot;Syrc&quot;] = {&quot;Syriac&quot;},
	[&quot;Syre&quot;] = {&quot;Syriac (Estrangelo variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Syrj&quot;] = {&quot;Syriac (Western variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Syrn&quot;] = {&quot;Syriac (Eastern variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Tagb&quot;] = {&quot;Tagbanwa&quot;},
	[&quot;Takr&quot;] = {&quot;Takri&quot;, &quot;Ṭākrī&quot;, &quot;Ṭāṅkrī&quot;},
	[&quot;Tale&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Le&quot;},
	[&quot;Talu&quot;] = {&quot;New Tai Lue&quot;},
	[&quot;Taml&quot;] = {&quot;Tamil&quot;},
	[&quot;Tang&quot;] = {&quot;Tangut&quot;},
	[&quot;Tavt&quot;] = {&quot;Tai Viet&quot;},
	[&quot;Telu&quot;] = {&quot;Telugu&quot;},
	[&quot;Teng&quot;] = {&quot;Tengwar&quot;},
	[&quot;Tfng&quot;] = {&quot;Tifinagh&quot;, &quot;Berber&quot;},
	[&quot;Tglg&quot;] = {&quot;Tagalog&quot;, &quot;Baybayin&quot;, &quot;Alibata&quot;},
	[&quot;Thaa&quot;] = {&quot;Thaana&quot;},
	[&quot;Thai&quot;] = {&quot;Thai&quot;},
	[&quot;Tibt&quot;] = {&quot;Tibetan&quot;},
	[&quot;Tirh&quot;] = {&quot;Tirhuta&quot;},
	[&quot;Ugar&quot;] = {&quot;Ugaritic&quot;},
	[&quot;Vaii&quot;] = {&quot;Vai&quot;},
	[&quot;Visp&quot;] = {&quot;Visible Speech&quot;},
	[&quot;Wara&quot;] = {&quot;Warang Citi&quot;, &quot;Varang Kshiti&quot;},
	[&quot;Wcho&quot;] = {&quot;Wancho&quot;},
	[&quot;Wole&quot;] = {&quot;Woleai&quot;},
	[&quot;Xpeo&quot;] = {&quot;Old Persian&quot;},
	[&quot;Xsux&quot;] = {&quot;Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform&quot;},
	[&quot;Yiii&quot;] = {&quot;Yi&quot;},
	[&quot;Zanb&quot;] = {&quot;Zanabazar Square&quot;, &quot;Zanabazarin Dörböljin Useg&quot;, &quot;Xewtee Dörböljin Bicig&quot;, &quot;Horizontal Square Script&quot;},
	[&quot;Zinh&quot;] = {&quot;Code for inherited script&quot;},
	[&quot;Zmth&quot;] = {&quot;Mathematical notation&quot;},
	[&quot;Zsye&quot;] = {&quot;Symbols (Emoji variant)&quot;},
	[&quot;Zsym&quot;] = {&quot;Symbols&quot;},
	[&quot;Zxxx&quot;] = {&quot;Code for unwritten documents&quot;},
	[&quot;Zyyy&quot;] = {&quot;Code for undetermined script&quot;},
	[&quot;Zzzz&quot;] = {&quot;Code for uncoded script&quot;}
	}</text>
      <sha1>ikxvs2145hh3mookw1kkc9i2dfkkgh7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Language/data/iana regions</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5582</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32103</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:52:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32103</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="8001" sha1="0uwhzjkdmoy9xywg8hyf81r64ilpi9d" xml:space="preserve">-- File-Date: 2018-04-23
return {
	[&quot;AC&quot;] = {&quot;Ascension Island&quot;},
	[&quot;AD&quot;] = {&quot;Andorra&quot;},
	[&quot;AE&quot;] = {&quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;},
	[&quot;AF&quot;] = {&quot;Afghanistan&quot;},
	[&quot;AG&quot;] = {&quot;Antigua and Barbuda&quot;},
	[&quot;AI&quot;] = {&quot;Anguilla&quot;},
	[&quot;AL&quot;] = {&quot;Albania&quot;},
	[&quot;AM&quot;] = {&quot;Armenia&quot;},
	[&quot;AO&quot;] = {&quot;Angola&quot;},
	[&quot;AQ&quot;] = {&quot;Antarctica&quot;},
	[&quot;AR&quot;] = {&quot;Argentina&quot;},
	[&quot;AS&quot;] = {&quot;American Samoa&quot;},
	[&quot;AT&quot;] = {&quot;Austria&quot;},
	[&quot;AU&quot;] = {&quot;Australia&quot;},
	[&quot;AW&quot;] = {&quot;Aruba&quot;},
	[&quot;AX&quot;] = {&quot;Åland Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;AZ&quot;] = {&quot;Azerbaijan&quot;},
	[&quot;BA&quot;] = {&quot;Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;},
	[&quot;BB&quot;] = {&quot;Barbados&quot;},
	[&quot;BD&quot;] = {&quot;Bangladesh&quot;},
	[&quot;BE&quot;] = {&quot;Belgium&quot;},
	[&quot;BF&quot;] = {&quot;Burkina Faso&quot;},
	[&quot;BG&quot;] = {&quot;Bulgaria&quot;},
	[&quot;BH&quot;] = {&quot;Bahrain&quot;},
	[&quot;BI&quot;] = {&quot;Burundi&quot;},
	[&quot;BJ&quot;] = {&quot;Benin&quot;},
	[&quot;BL&quot;] = {&quot;Saint Barthélemy&quot;},
	[&quot;BM&quot;] = {&quot;Bermuda&quot;},
	[&quot;BN&quot;] = {&quot;Brunei Darussalam&quot;},
	[&quot;BO&quot;] = {&quot;Bolivia&quot;},
	[&quot;BQ&quot;] = {&quot;Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba&quot;},
	[&quot;BR&quot;] = {&quot;Brazil&quot;},
	[&quot;BS&quot;] = {&quot;Bahamas&quot;},
	[&quot;BT&quot;] = {&quot;Bhutan&quot;},
	[&quot;BV&quot;] = {&quot;Bouvet Island&quot;},
	[&quot;BW&quot;] = {&quot;Botswana&quot;},
	[&quot;BY&quot;] = {&quot;Belarus&quot;},
	[&quot;BZ&quot;] = {&quot;Belize&quot;},
	[&quot;CA&quot;] = {&quot;Canada&quot;},
	[&quot;CC&quot;] = {&quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;CD&quot;] = {&quot;The Democratic Republic of the Congo&quot;},
	[&quot;CF&quot;] = {&quot;Central African Republic&quot;},
	[&quot;CG&quot;] = {&quot;Congo&quot;},
	[&quot;CH&quot;] = {&quot;Switzerland&quot;},
	[&quot;CI&quot;] = {&quot;Côte d'Ivoire&quot;},
	[&quot;CK&quot;] = {&quot;Cook Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;CL&quot;] = {&quot;Chile&quot;},
	[&quot;CM&quot;] = {&quot;Cameroon&quot;},
	[&quot;CN&quot;] = {&quot;China&quot;},
	[&quot;CO&quot;] = {&quot;Colombia&quot;},
	[&quot;CP&quot;] = {&quot;Clipperton Island&quot;},
	[&quot;CR&quot;] = {&quot;Costa Rica&quot;},
	[&quot;CU&quot;] = {&quot;Cuba&quot;},
	[&quot;CV&quot;] = {&quot;Cabo Verde&quot;, &quot;Cape Verde&quot;},
	[&quot;CW&quot;] = {&quot;Curaçao&quot;},
	[&quot;CX&quot;] = {&quot;Christmas Island&quot;},
	[&quot;CY&quot;] = {&quot;Cyprus&quot;},
	[&quot;CZ&quot;] = {&quot;Czechia&quot;, &quot;Czech Republic&quot;},
	[&quot;DE&quot;] = {&quot;Germany&quot;},
	[&quot;DG&quot;] = {&quot;Diego Garcia&quot;},
	[&quot;DJ&quot;] = {&quot;Djibouti&quot;},
	[&quot;DK&quot;] = {&quot;Denmark&quot;},
	[&quot;DM&quot;] = {&quot;Dominica&quot;},
	[&quot;DO&quot;] = {&quot;Dominican Republic&quot;},
	[&quot;DZ&quot;] = {&quot;Algeria&quot;},
	[&quot;EA&quot;] = {&quot;Ceuta, Melilla&quot;},
	[&quot;EC&quot;] = {&quot;Ecuador&quot;},
	[&quot;EE&quot;] = {&quot;Estonia&quot;},
	[&quot;EG&quot;] = {&quot;Egypt&quot;},
	[&quot;EH&quot;] = {&quot;Western Sahara&quot;},
	[&quot;ER&quot;] = {&quot;Eritrea&quot;},
	[&quot;ES&quot;] = {&quot;Spain&quot;},
	[&quot;ET&quot;] = {&quot;Ethiopia&quot;},
	[&quot;EU&quot;] = {&quot;European Union&quot;},
	[&quot;EZ&quot;] = {&quot;Eurozone&quot;},
	[&quot;FI&quot;] = {&quot;Finland&quot;},
	[&quot;FJ&quot;] = {&quot;Fiji&quot;},
	[&quot;FK&quot;] = {&quot;Falkland Islands (Malvinas)&quot;},
	[&quot;FM&quot;] = {&quot;Federated States of Micronesia&quot;},
	[&quot;FO&quot;] = {&quot;Faroe Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;FR&quot;] = {&quot;France&quot;},
	[&quot;GA&quot;] = {&quot;Gabon&quot;},
	[&quot;GB&quot;] = {&quot;United Kingdom&quot;},
	[&quot;GD&quot;] = {&quot;Grenada&quot;},
	[&quot;GE&quot;] = {&quot;Georgia&quot;},
	[&quot;GF&quot;] = {&quot;French Guiana&quot;},
	[&quot;GG&quot;] = {&quot;Guernsey&quot;},
	[&quot;GH&quot;] = {&quot;Ghana&quot;},
	[&quot;GI&quot;] = {&quot;Gibraltar&quot;},
	[&quot;GL&quot;] = {&quot;Greenland&quot;},
	[&quot;GM&quot;] = {&quot;Gambia&quot;},
	[&quot;GN&quot;] = {&quot;Guinea&quot;},
	[&quot;GP&quot;] = {&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;},
	[&quot;GQ&quot;] = {&quot;Equatorial Guinea&quot;},
	[&quot;GR&quot;] = {&quot;Greece&quot;},
	[&quot;GS&quot;] = {&quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;GT&quot;] = {&quot;Guatemala&quot;},
	[&quot;GU&quot;] = {&quot;Guam&quot;},
	[&quot;GW&quot;] = {&quot;Guinea-Bissau&quot;},
	[&quot;GY&quot;] = {&quot;Guyana&quot;},
	[&quot;HK&quot;] = {&quot;Hong Kong&quot;},
	[&quot;HM&quot;] = {&quot;Heard Island and McDonald Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;HN&quot;] = {&quot;Honduras&quot;},
	[&quot;HR&quot;] = {&quot;Croatia&quot;},
	[&quot;HT&quot;] = {&quot;Haiti&quot;},
	[&quot;HU&quot;] = {&quot;Hungary&quot;},
	[&quot;IC&quot;] = {&quot;Canary Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;ID&quot;] = {&quot;Indonesia&quot;},
	[&quot;IE&quot;] = {&quot;Ireland&quot;},
	[&quot;IL&quot;] = {&quot;Israel&quot;},
	[&quot;IM&quot;] = {&quot;Isle of Man&quot;},
	[&quot;IN&quot;] = {&quot;India&quot;},
	[&quot;IO&quot;] = {&quot;British Indian Ocean Territory&quot;},
	[&quot;IQ&quot;] = {&quot;Iraq&quot;},
	[&quot;IR&quot;] = {&quot;Islamic Republic of Iran&quot;},
	[&quot;IS&quot;] = {&quot;Iceland&quot;},
	[&quot;IT&quot;] = {&quot;Italy&quot;},
	[&quot;JE&quot;] = {&quot;Jersey&quot;},
	[&quot;JM&quot;] = {&quot;Jamaica&quot;},
	[&quot;JO&quot;] = {&quot;Jordan&quot;},
	[&quot;JP&quot;] = {&quot;Japan&quot;},
	[&quot;KE&quot;] = {&quot;Kenya&quot;},
	[&quot;KG&quot;] = {&quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;},
	[&quot;KH&quot;] = {&quot;Cambodia&quot;},
	[&quot;KI&quot;] = {&quot;Kiribati&quot;},
	[&quot;KM&quot;] = {&quot;Comoros&quot;},
	[&quot;KN&quot;] = {&quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;},
	[&quot;KP&quot;] = {&quot;Democratic People's Republic of Korea&quot;},
	[&quot;KR&quot;] = {&quot;Republic of Korea&quot;},
	[&quot;KW&quot;] = {&quot;Kuwait&quot;},
	[&quot;KY&quot;] = {&quot;Cayman Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;KZ&quot;] = {&quot;Kazakhstan&quot;},
	[&quot;LA&quot;] = {&quot;Lao People's Democratic Republic&quot;},
	[&quot;LB&quot;] = {&quot;Lebanon&quot;},
	[&quot;LC&quot;] = {&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;},
	[&quot;LI&quot;] = {&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;},
	[&quot;LK&quot;] = {&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;},
	[&quot;LR&quot;] = {&quot;Liberia&quot;},
	[&quot;LS&quot;] = {&quot;Lesotho&quot;},
	[&quot;LT&quot;] = {&quot;Lithuania&quot;},
	[&quot;LU&quot;] = {&quot;Luxembourg&quot;},
	[&quot;LV&quot;] = {&quot;Latvia&quot;},
	[&quot;LY&quot;] = {&quot;Libya&quot;},
	[&quot;MA&quot;] = {&quot;Morocco&quot;},
	[&quot;MC&quot;] = {&quot;Monaco&quot;},
	[&quot;MD&quot;] = {&quot;Moldova&quot;},
	[&quot;ME&quot;] = {&quot;Montenegro&quot;},
	[&quot;MF&quot;] = {&quot;Saint Martin (French part)&quot;},
	[&quot;MG&quot;] = {&quot;Madagascar&quot;},
	[&quot;MH&quot;] = {&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;MK&quot;] = {&quot;The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia&quot;},
	[&quot;ML&quot;] = {&quot;Mali&quot;},
	[&quot;MM&quot;] = {&quot;Myanmar&quot;},
	[&quot;MN&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolia&quot;},
	[&quot;MO&quot;] = {&quot;Macao&quot;},
	[&quot;MP&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Mariana Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;MQ&quot;] = {&quot;Martinique&quot;},
	[&quot;MR&quot;] = {&quot;Mauritania&quot;},
	[&quot;MS&quot;] = {&quot;Montserrat&quot;},
	[&quot;MT&quot;] = {&quot;Malta&quot;},
	[&quot;MU&quot;] = {&quot;Mauritius&quot;},
	[&quot;MV&quot;] = {&quot;Maldives&quot;},
	[&quot;MW&quot;] = {&quot;Malawi&quot;},
	[&quot;MX&quot;] = {&quot;Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;MY&quot;] = {&quot;Malaysia&quot;},
	[&quot;MZ&quot;] = {&quot;Mozambique&quot;},
	[&quot;NA&quot;] = {&quot;Namibia&quot;},
	[&quot;NC&quot;] = {&quot;New Caledonia&quot;},
	[&quot;NE&quot;] = {&quot;Niger&quot;},
	[&quot;NF&quot;] = {&quot;Norfolk Island&quot;},
	[&quot;NG&quot;] = {&quot;Nigeria&quot;},
	[&quot;NI&quot;] = {&quot;Nicaragua&quot;},
	[&quot;NL&quot;] = {&quot;Netherlands&quot;},
	[&quot;NO&quot;] = {&quot;Norway&quot;},
	[&quot;NP&quot;] = {&quot;Nepal&quot;},
	[&quot;NR&quot;] = {&quot;Nauru&quot;},
	[&quot;NU&quot;] = {&quot;Niue&quot;},
	[&quot;NZ&quot;] = {&quot;New Zealand&quot;},
	[&quot;OM&quot;] = {&quot;Oman&quot;},
	[&quot;PA&quot;] = {&quot;Panama&quot;},
	[&quot;PE&quot;] = {&quot;Peru&quot;},
	[&quot;PF&quot;] = {&quot;French Polynesia&quot;},
	[&quot;PG&quot;] = {&quot;Papua New Guinea&quot;},
	[&quot;PH&quot;] = {&quot;Philippines&quot;},
	[&quot;PK&quot;] = {&quot;Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;PL&quot;] = {&quot;Poland&quot;},
	[&quot;PM&quot;] = {&quot;Saint Pierre and Miquelon&quot;},
	[&quot;PN&quot;] = {&quot;Pitcairn&quot;},
	[&quot;PR&quot;] = {&quot;Puerto Rico&quot;},
	[&quot;PS&quot;] = {&quot;State of Palestine&quot;},
	[&quot;PT&quot;] = {&quot;Portugal&quot;},
	[&quot;PW&quot;] = {&quot;Palau&quot;},
	[&quot;PY&quot;] = {&quot;Paraguay&quot;},
	[&quot;QA&quot;] = {&quot;Qatar&quot;},
	[&quot;RE&quot;] = {&quot;Réunion&quot;},
	[&quot;RO&quot;] = {&quot;Romania&quot;},
	[&quot;RS&quot;] = {&quot;Serbia&quot;},
	[&quot;RU&quot;] = {&quot;Russian Federation&quot;},
	[&quot;RW&quot;] = {&quot;Rwanda&quot;},
	[&quot;SA&quot;] = {&quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;},
	[&quot;SB&quot;] = {&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;SC&quot;] = {&quot;Seychelles&quot;},
	[&quot;SD&quot;] = {&quot;Sudan&quot;},
	[&quot;SE&quot;] = {&quot;Sweden&quot;},
	[&quot;SG&quot;] = {&quot;Singapore&quot;},
	[&quot;SH&quot;] = {&quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;},
	[&quot;SI&quot;] = {&quot;Slovenia&quot;},
	[&quot;SJ&quot;] = {&quot;Svalbard and Jan Mayen&quot;},
	[&quot;SK&quot;] = {&quot;Slovakia&quot;},
	[&quot;SL&quot;] = {&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;},
	[&quot;SM&quot;] = {&quot;San Marino&quot;},
	[&quot;SN&quot;] = {&quot;Senegal&quot;},
	[&quot;SO&quot;] = {&quot;Somalia&quot;},
	[&quot;SR&quot;] = {&quot;Suriname&quot;},
	[&quot;SS&quot;] = {&quot;South Sudan&quot;},
	[&quot;ST&quot;] = {&quot;Sao Tome and Principe&quot;},
	[&quot;SV&quot;] = {&quot;El Salvador&quot;},
	[&quot;SX&quot;] = {&quot;Sint Maarten (Dutch part)&quot;},
	[&quot;SY&quot;] = {&quot;Syrian Arab Republic&quot;},
	[&quot;SZ&quot;] = {&quot;Swaziland&quot;},
	[&quot;TA&quot;] = {&quot;Tristan da Cunha&quot;},
	[&quot;TC&quot;] = {&quot;Turks and Caicos Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;TD&quot;] = {&quot;Chad&quot;},
	[&quot;TF&quot;] = {&quot;French Southern Territories&quot;},
	[&quot;TG&quot;] = {&quot;Togo&quot;},
	[&quot;TH&quot;] = {&quot;Thailand&quot;},
	[&quot;TJ&quot;] = {&quot;Tajikistan&quot;},
	[&quot;TK&quot;] = {&quot;Tokelau&quot;},
	[&quot;TL&quot;] = {&quot;Timor-Leste&quot;},
	[&quot;TM&quot;] = {&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;},
	[&quot;TN&quot;] = {&quot;Tunisia&quot;},
	[&quot;TO&quot;] = {&quot;Tonga&quot;},
	[&quot;TR&quot;] = {&quot;Turkey&quot;},
	[&quot;TT&quot;] = {&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;},
	[&quot;TV&quot;] = {&quot;Tuvalu&quot;},
	[&quot;TW&quot;] = {&quot;Taiwan, Province of China&quot;},
	[&quot;TZ&quot;] = {&quot;United Republic of Tanzania&quot;},
	[&quot;UA&quot;] = {&quot;Ukraine&quot;},
	[&quot;UG&quot;] = {&quot;Uganda&quot;},
	[&quot;UM&quot;] = {&quot;United States Minor Outlying Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;UN&quot;] = {&quot;United Nations&quot;},
	[&quot;US&quot;] = {&quot;United States&quot;},
	[&quot;UY&quot;] = {&quot;Uruguay&quot;},
	[&quot;UZ&quot;] = {&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;},
	[&quot;VA&quot;] = {&quot;Holy See (Vatican City State)&quot;},
	[&quot;VC&quot;] = {&quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;},
	[&quot;VE&quot;] = {&quot;Venezuela&quot;},
	[&quot;VG&quot;] = {&quot;British Virgin Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;VI&quot;] = {&quot;U.S. Virgin Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;VN&quot;] = {&quot;Viet Nam&quot;},
	[&quot;VU&quot;] = {&quot;Vanuatu&quot;},
	[&quot;WF&quot;] = {&quot;Wallis and Futuna&quot;},
	[&quot;WS&quot;] = {&quot;Samoa&quot;},
	[&quot;YE&quot;] = {&quot;Yemen&quot;},
	[&quot;YT&quot;] = {&quot;Mayotte&quot;},
	[&quot;ZA&quot;] = {&quot;South Africa&quot;},
	[&quot;ZM&quot;] = {&quot;Zambia&quot;},
	[&quot;ZW&quot;] = {&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;},
	[&quot;001&quot;] = {&quot;World&quot;},
	[&quot;002&quot;] = {&quot;Africa&quot;},
	[&quot;003&quot;] = {&quot;North America&quot;},
	[&quot;005&quot;] = {&quot;South America&quot;},
	[&quot;009&quot;] = {&quot;Oceania&quot;},
	[&quot;011&quot;] = {&quot;Western Africa&quot;},
	[&quot;013&quot;] = {&quot;Central America&quot;},
	[&quot;014&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Africa&quot;},
	[&quot;015&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Africa&quot;},
	[&quot;017&quot;] = {&quot;Middle Africa&quot;},
	[&quot;018&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Africa&quot;},
	[&quot;019&quot;] = {&quot;Americas&quot;},
	[&quot;021&quot;] = {&quot;Northern America&quot;},
	[&quot;029&quot;] = {&quot;Caribbean&quot;},
	[&quot;030&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;},
	[&quot;034&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Asia&quot;},
	[&quot;035&quot;] = {&quot;South-Eastern Asia&quot;},
	[&quot;039&quot;] = {&quot;Southern Europe&quot;},
	[&quot;053&quot;] = {&quot;Australia and New Zealand&quot;},
	[&quot;054&quot;] = {&quot;Melanesia&quot;},
	[&quot;057&quot;] = {&quot;Micronesia&quot;},
	[&quot;061&quot;] = {&quot;Polynesia&quot;},
	[&quot;142&quot;] = {&quot;Asia&quot;},
	[&quot;143&quot;] = {&quot;Central Asia&quot;},
	[&quot;145&quot;] = {&quot;Western Asia&quot;},
	[&quot;150&quot;] = {&quot;Europe&quot;},
	[&quot;151&quot;] = {&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;},
	[&quot;154&quot;] = {&quot;Northern Europe&quot;},
	[&quot;155&quot;] = {&quot;Western Europe&quot;},
	[&quot;202&quot;] = {&quot;Sub-Saharan Africa&quot;},
	[&quot;419&quot;] = {&quot;Latin America and the Caribbean&quot;}
	}</text>
      <sha1>0uwhzjkdmoy9xywg8hyf81r64ilpi9d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Language/data/iana variants</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5583</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32104</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:53:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32104</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="10730" sha1="hernhfbyvrpzx4qqhg4250t67zxzfwn" xml:space="preserve">-- File-Date: 2018-04-23
return {
	[&quot;1606nict&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Late Middle French (to 1606)&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;frm&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;1694acad&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Early Modern French&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;fr&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;1901&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Traditional German orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;de&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;1959acad&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;\&quot;Academic\&quot; (\&quot;governmental\&quot;) variant of Belarusian as codified in 1959&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;be&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;1994&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Standardized Resian orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl-rozaj&quot;, &quot;sl-rozaj-biske&quot;, &quot;sl-rozaj-njiva&quot;, &quot;sl-rozaj-osojs&quot;, &quot;sl-rozaj-solba&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;1996&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;German orthography of 1996&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;de&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;abl1943&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Orthographic formulation of 1943 - Official in Brazil (Formulário Ortográfico de 1943 - Oficial no Brasil)&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;pt-br&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;alalc97&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;ALA-LC Romanization, 1997 edition&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {},
		},
	[&quot;aluku&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Aluku dialect&quot;, &quot;Boni dialect&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;djk&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;akuapem&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Akuapem Twi&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;tw&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;ao1990&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990)&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;pt&quot;, &quot;gl&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;aranes&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Aranese&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;asante&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Asante Twi&quot;, &quot;Ashanti Twi&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;tw&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;auvern&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Auvergnat&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;baku1926&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Unified Turkic Latin Alphabet (Historical)&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;az&quot;, &quot;ba&quot;, &quot;crh&quot;, &quot;kk&quot;, &quot;krc&quot;, &quot;ky&quot;, &quot;sah&quot;, &quot;tk&quot;, &quot;tt&quot;, &quot;uz&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;balanka&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;The Balanka dialect of Anii&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;blo&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;barla&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;The Barlavento dialect group of Kabuverdianu&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;kea&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;basiceng&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Basic English&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;bauddha&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sa&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;biscayan&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Biscayan dialect of Basque&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;eu&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;biske&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;The San Giorgio dialect of Resian&quot;, &quot;The Bila dialect of Resian&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl-rozaj&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;bohoric&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Slovene in Bohorič alphabet&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;boont&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Boontling&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;cisaup&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Cisalpine&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;colb1945&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Portuguese-Brazilian Orthographic Convention of 1945 (Convenção Ortográfica Luso-Brasileira de 1945)&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;pt&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;cornu&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Cornu-English&quot;, &quot;Cornish English&quot;, &quot;Anglo-Cornish&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;creiss&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Occitan variants of the Croissant area&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;dajnko&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Slovene in Dajnko alphabet&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;ekavsk&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Serbian with Ekavian pronunciation&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sr&quot;, &quot;sr-latn&quot;, &quot;sr-cyrl&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;emodeng&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Early Modern English (1500-1700)&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;fonipa&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;International Phonetic Alphabet&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {},
		},
	[&quot;fonkirsh&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Kirshenbaum Phonetic Alphabet&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {},
		},
	[&quot;fonnapa&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;North American Phonetic Alphabet&quot;, &quot;Americanist Phonetic Notation&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {},
		},
	[&quot;fonupa&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Uralic Phonetic Alphabet&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {},
		},
	[&quot;fonxsamp&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;X-SAMPA transcription&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {},
		},
	[&quot;gascon&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Gascon&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;grclass&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Occitan orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;grital&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Italian-inspired Occitan orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;grmistr&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Mistralian or Mistralian-inspired Occitan orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;hepburn&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Hepburn romanization&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;ja-latn&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;hognorsk&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Norwegian in Høgnorsk (High Norwegian) orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;nn&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;hsistemo&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Standard H-system orthographic fallback for spelling Esperanto&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;eo&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;ijekavsk&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Serbian with Ijekavian pronunciation&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sr&quot;, &quot;sr-latn&quot;, &quot;sr-cyrl&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;itihasa&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Epic Sanskrit&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sa&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;ivanchov&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Bulgarian in 1899 orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;bg&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;jauer&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Jauer dialect of Romansh&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;rm&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;jyutping&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Jyutping Cantonese Romanization&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;yue&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;kkcor&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Common Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;kw&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;kociewie&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;The Kociewie dialect of Polish&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;pl&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;kscor&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Standard Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish&quot;, &quot;Kernowek Standard&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;kw&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;laukika&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Sanskrit&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sa&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;lemosin&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Limousin&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;lengadoc&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Languedocien&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;lipaw&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;The Lipovaz dialect of Resian&quot;, &quot;The Lipovec dialect of Resian&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl-rozaj&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;luna1918&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Post-1917 Russian orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;ru&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;metelko&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Slovene in Metelko alphabet&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;monoton&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Monotonic Greek&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;el&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;ndyuka&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Ndyuka dialect&quot;, &quot;Aukan dialect&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;djk&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;nedis&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Natisone dialect&quot;, &quot;Nadiza dialect&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;newfound&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Newfoundland English&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en-ca&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;nicard&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Niçard&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;njiva&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;The Gniva dialect of Resian&quot;, &quot;The Njiva dialect of Resian&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl-rozaj&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;nulik&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Volapük nulik&quot;, &quot;Volapük perevidöl&quot;, &quot;Volapük nulädik&quot;, &quot;de Jong's Volapük&quot;, &quot;New Volapük&quot;, &quot;Revised Volapük&quot;, &quot;Modern Volapük&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;vo&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;osojs&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;The Oseacco dialect of Resian&quot;, &quot;The Osojane dialect of Resian&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl-rozaj&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;oxendict&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Oxford English Dictionary spelling&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;pahawh2&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Pahawh Hmong Second Stage Reduced orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;mww&quot;, &quot;hnj&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;pahawh3&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Pahawh Hmong Third Stage Reduced orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;mww&quot;, &quot;hnj&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;pahawh4&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Pahawh Hmong Final Version orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;mww&quot;, &quot;hnj&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;pamaka&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Pamaka dialect&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;djk&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;petr1708&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Petrine orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;ru&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;pinyin&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Pinyin romanization&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;zh-latn&quot;, &quot;bo-latn&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;polyton&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Polytonic Greek&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;el&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;provenc&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Provençal&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;puter&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Puter idiom of Romansh&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;rm&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;rigik&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Volapük rigik&quot;, &quot;Schleyer's Volapük&quot;, &quot;Original Volapük&quot;, &quot;Classic Volapük&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;vo&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;rozaj&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Resian&quot;, &quot;Resianic&quot;, &quot;Rezijan&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;rumgr&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Rumantsch Grischun&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;rm&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;scotland&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Scottish Standard English&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;scouse&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Scouse&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;simple&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Simplified form&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {},
		},
	[&quot;solba&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;The Stolvizza dialect of Resian&quot;, &quot;The Solbica dialect of Resian&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sl-rozaj&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;sotav&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;The Sotavento dialect group of Kabuverdianu&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;kea&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;spanglis&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Spanglish&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en&quot;, &quot;es&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;surmiran&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Surmiran idiom of Romansh&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;rm&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;sursilv&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Sursilvan idiom of Romansh&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;rm&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;sutsilv&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Sutsilvan idiom of Romansh&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;rm&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;tarask&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Belarusian in Taraskievica orthography&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;be&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;uccor&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Unified Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;kw&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;ucrcor&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Unified Cornish Revised orthography of Revived Cornish&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;kw&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;ulster&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Ulster dialect of Scots&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sco&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;unifon&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Unifon phonetic alphabet&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;en&quot;, &quot;hup&quot;, &quot;kyh&quot;, &quot;tol&quot;, &quot;yur&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;vaidika&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Vedic Sanskrit&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;sa&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;valencia&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Valencian&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;ca&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;vallader&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Vallader idiom of Romansh&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;rm&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;vivaraup&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Vivaro-Alpine&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;oc&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;wadegile&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Wade-Giles romanization&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;zh-latn&quot;},
		},
	[&quot;xsistemo&quot;] = {
		[&quot;descriptions&quot;] = {&quot;Standard X-system orthographic fallback for spelling Esperanto&quot;},
		[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {&quot;eo&quot;},
		}
	}</text>
      <sha1>hernhfbyvrpzx4qqhg4250t67zxzfwn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5584</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32105</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:55:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32105</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1259" sha1="o9scccygzgmsa2xy1cpq30rjyy6s7s7" xml:space="preserve">-- File-Date: 2018-04-23
return {
	[&quot;Arab&quot;] = {&quot;ar&quot;, &quot;fa&quot;, &quot;ps&quot;, &quot;ur&quot;},
	[&quot;Armn&quot;] = {&quot;hy&quot;},
	[&quot;Beng&quot;] = {&quot;as&quot;, &quot;bn&quot;},
	[&quot;Blis&quot;] = {&quot;zbl&quot;},
	[&quot;Cyrl&quot;] = {&quot;ab&quot;, &quot;be&quot;, &quot;bg&quot;, &quot;kk&quot;, &quot;mk&quot;, &quot;ru&quot;, &quot;uk&quot;},
	[&quot;Deva&quot;] = {&quot;hi&quot;, &quot;mr&quot;, &quot;ne&quot;, &quot;kok&quot;, &quot;mai&quot;},
	[&quot;Ethi&quot;] = {&quot;am&quot;, &quot;ti&quot;},
	[&quot;Geor&quot;] = {&quot;ka&quot;},
	[&quot;Grek&quot;] = {&quot;el&quot;},
	[&quot;Gujr&quot;] = {&quot;gu&quot;},
	[&quot;Guru&quot;] = {&quot;pa&quot;},
	[&quot;Hebr&quot;] = {&quot;he&quot;, &quot;yi&quot;},
	[&quot;Jpan&quot;] = {&quot;ja&quot;},
	[&quot;Khmr&quot;] = {&quot;km&quot;},
	[&quot;Knda&quot;] = {&quot;kn&quot;},
	[&quot;Kore&quot;] = {&quot;ko&quot;},
	[&quot;Laoo&quot;] = {&quot;lo&quot;},
	[&quot;Latn&quot;] = {&quot;af&quot;, &quot;ay&quot;, &quot;bs&quot;, &quot;ca&quot;, &quot;ch&quot;, &quot;cs&quot;, &quot;cy&quot;, &quot;da&quot;, &quot;de&quot;, &quot;en&quot;, &quot;eo&quot;,
				&quot;es&quot;, &quot;et&quot;, &quot;eu&quot;, &quot;fi&quot;, &quot;fj&quot;, &quot;fo&quot;, &quot;fr&quot;, &quot;fy&quot;, &quot;ga&quot;, &quot;gl&quot;, &quot;gn&quot;,
				&quot;gv&quot;, &quot;hr&quot;, &quot;ht&quot;, &quot;hu&quot;, &quot;id&quot;, &quot;is&quot;, &quot;it&quot;, &quot;kl&quot;, &quot;la&quot;, &quot;lb&quot;, &quot;ln&quot;,
				&quot;lt&quot;, &quot;lv&quot;, &quot;mg&quot;, &quot;mh&quot;, &quot;ms&quot;, &quot;mt&quot;, &quot;na&quot;, &quot;nb&quot;, &quot;nd&quot;, &quot;nl&quot;, &quot;nn&quot;,
				&quot;no&quot;, &quot;nr&quot;, &quot;ny&quot;, &quot;om&quot;, &quot;pl&quot;, &quot;pt&quot;, &quot;qu&quot;, &quot;rm&quot;, &quot;rn&quot;, &quot;ro&quot;, &quot;rw&quot;,
				&quot;sg&quot;, &quot;sk&quot;, &quot;sl&quot;, &quot;sm&quot;, &quot;so&quot;, &quot;sq&quot;, &quot;ss&quot;, &quot;st&quot;, &quot;sv&quot;, &quot;sw&quot;, &quot;tl&quot;,
				&quot;tn&quot;, &quot;to&quot;, &quot;tr&quot;, &quot;ts&quot;, &quot;ve&quot;, &quot;vi&quot;, &quot;xh&quot;, &quot;zu&quot;, &quot;dsb&quot;, &quot;frr&quot;, &quot;frs&quot;,
				&quot;gsw&quot;, &quot;hsb&quot;, &quot;men&quot;, &quot;nds&quot;, &quot;niu&quot;, &quot;nso&quot;, &quot;tem&quot;, &quot;tkl&quot;, &quot;tmh&quot;, &quot;tpi&quot;, &quot;tvl&quot;},
	[&quot;Mlym&quot;] = {&quot;ml&quot;},
	[&quot;Mymr&quot;] = {&quot;my&quot;},
	[&quot;Nkoo&quot;] = {&quot;nqo&quot;},
	[&quot;Orya&quot;] = {&quot;or&quot;},
	[&quot;Sinh&quot;] = {&quot;si&quot;},
	[&quot;Taml&quot;] = {&quot;ta&quot;},
	[&quot;Telu&quot;] = {&quot;te&quot;},
	[&quot;Thaa&quot;] = {&quot;dv&quot;},
	[&quot;Thai&quot;] = {&quot;th&quot;},
	[&quot;Tibt&quot;] = {&quot;dz&quot;}
	}</text>
      <sha1>o9scccygzgmsa2xy1cpq30rjyy6s7s7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5585</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32106</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:56:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32106</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3163" sha1="shzq5qyzo42nqfska6amwdq4g8lois9" xml:space="preserve">-- File-Date: 2013-01-11
return {
	[&quot;aar&quot;] = &quot;aa&quot;,
	[&quot;abk&quot;] = &quot;ab&quot;,
	[&quot;afr&quot;] = &quot;af&quot;,
	[&quot;aka&quot;] = &quot;ak&quot;,
	[&quot;amh&quot;] = &quot;am&quot;,
	[&quot;ara&quot;] = &quot;ar&quot;,
	[&quot;arg&quot;] = &quot;an&quot;,
	[&quot;asm&quot;] = &quot;as&quot;,
	[&quot;ava&quot;] = &quot;av&quot;,
	[&quot;ave&quot;] = &quot;ae&quot;,
	[&quot;aym&quot;] = &quot;ay&quot;,
	[&quot;aze&quot;] = &quot;az&quot;,
	[&quot;bak&quot;] = &quot;ba&quot;,
	[&quot;bam&quot;] = &quot;bm&quot;,
	[&quot;bel&quot;] = &quot;be&quot;,
	[&quot;ben&quot;] = &quot;bn&quot;,
	[&quot;bih&quot;] = &quot;bh&quot;,
	[&quot;bis&quot;] = &quot;bi&quot;,
	[&quot;bod&quot;] = &quot;bo&quot;,
	[&quot;bos&quot;] = &quot;bs&quot;,
	[&quot;bre&quot;] = &quot;br&quot;,
	[&quot;bul&quot;] = &quot;bg&quot;,
	[&quot;cat&quot;] = &quot;ca&quot;,
	[&quot;ces&quot;] = &quot;cs&quot;,
	[&quot;cha&quot;] = &quot;ch&quot;,
	[&quot;che&quot;] = &quot;ce&quot;,
	[&quot;chu&quot;] = &quot;cu&quot;,
	[&quot;chv&quot;] = &quot;cv&quot;,
	[&quot;cor&quot;] = &quot;kw&quot;,
	[&quot;cos&quot;] = &quot;co&quot;,
	[&quot;cre&quot;] = &quot;cr&quot;,
	[&quot;cym&quot;] = &quot;cy&quot;,
	[&quot;dan&quot;] = &quot;da&quot;,
	[&quot;deu&quot;] = &quot;de&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;dv&quot;,
	[&quot;dzo&quot;] = &quot;dz&quot;,
	[&quot;ell&quot;] = &quot;el&quot;,
	[&quot;eng&quot;] = &quot;en&quot;,
	[&quot;epo&quot;] = &quot;eo&quot;,
	[&quot;est&quot;] = &quot;et&quot;,
	[&quot;eus&quot;] = &quot;eu&quot;,
	[&quot;ewe&quot;] = &quot;ee&quot;,
	[&quot;fao&quot;] = &quot;fo&quot;,
	[&quot;fas&quot;] = &quot;fa&quot;,
	[&quot;fij&quot;] = &quot;fj&quot;,
	[&quot;fin&quot;] = &quot;fi&quot;,
	[&quot;fra&quot;] = &quot;fr&quot;,
	[&quot;fry&quot;] = &quot;fy&quot;,
	[&quot;ful&quot;] = &quot;ff&quot;,
	[&quot;gla&quot;] = &quot;gd&quot;,
	[&quot;gle&quot;] = &quot;ga&quot;,
	[&quot;glg&quot;] = &quot;gl&quot;,
	[&quot;glv&quot;] = &quot;gv&quot;,
	[&quot;grn&quot;] = &quot;gn&quot;,
	[&quot;guj&quot;] = &quot;gu&quot;,
	[&quot;hat&quot;] = &quot;ht&quot;,
	[&quot;hau&quot;] = &quot;ha&quot;,
	[&quot;heb&quot;] = &quot;he&quot;,
	[&quot;her&quot;] = &quot;hz&quot;,
	[&quot;hin&quot;] = &quot;hi&quot;,
	[&quot;hmo&quot;] = &quot;ho&quot;,
	[&quot;hrv&quot;] = &quot;hr&quot;,
	[&quot;hun&quot;] = &quot;hu&quot;,
	[&quot;hye&quot;] = &quot;hy&quot;,
	[&quot;ibo&quot;] = &quot;ig&quot;,
	[&quot;ido&quot;] = &quot;io&quot;,
	[&quot;iii&quot;] = &quot;ii&quot;,
	[&quot;iku&quot;] = &quot;iu&quot;,
	[&quot;ile&quot;] = &quot;ie&quot;,
	[&quot;ina&quot;] = &quot;ia&quot;,
	[&quot;ind&quot;] = &quot;id&quot;,
	[&quot;ipk&quot;] = &quot;ik&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;is&quot;,
	[&quot;ita&quot;] = &quot;it&quot;,
	[&quot;jav&quot;] = &quot;jv&quot;,
	[&quot;jpn&quot;] = &quot;ja&quot;,
	[&quot;kal&quot;] = &quot;kl&quot;,
	[&quot;kan&quot;] = &quot;kn&quot;,
	[&quot;kas&quot;] = &quot;ks&quot;,
	[&quot;kat&quot;] = &quot;ka&quot;,
	[&quot;kau&quot;] = &quot;kr&quot;,
	[&quot;kaz&quot;] = &quot;kk&quot;,
	[&quot;khm&quot;] = &quot;km&quot;,
	[&quot;kik&quot;] = &quot;ki&quot;,
	[&quot;kin&quot;] = &quot;rw&quot;,
	[&quot;kir&quot;] = &quot;ky&quot;,
	[&quot;kom&quot;] = &quot;kv&quot;,
	[&quot;kon&quot;] = &quot;kg&quot;,
	[&quot;kor&quot;] = &quot;ko&quot;,
	[&quot;kua&quot;] = &quot;kj&quot;,
	[&quot;kur&quot;] = &quot;ku&quot;,
	[&quot;lao&quot;] = &quot;lo&quot;,
	[&quot;lat&quot;] = &quot;la&quot;,
	[&quot;lav&quot;] = &quot;lv&quot;,
	[&quot;lim&quot;] = &quot;li&quot;,
	[&quot;lin&quot;] = &quot;ln&quot;,
	[&quot;lit&quot;] = &quot;lt&quot;,
	[&quot;ltz&quot;] = &quot;lb&quot;,
	[&quot;lub&quot;] = &quot;lu&quot;,
	[&quot;lug&quot;] = &quot;lg&quot;,
	[&quot;mah&quot;] = &quot;mh&quot;,
	[&quot;mal&quot;] = &quot;ml&quot;,
	[&quot;mar&quot;] = &quot;mr&quot;,
	[&quot;mkd&quot;] = &quot;mk&quot;,
	[&quot;mlg&quot;] = &quot;mg&quot;,
	[&quot;mlt&quot;] = &quot;mt&quot;,
	[&quot;mon&quot;] = &quot;mn&quot;,
	[&quot;mri&quot;] = &quot;mi&quot;,
	[&quot;msa&quot;] = &quot;ms&quot;,
	[&quot;mya&quot;] = &quot;my&quot;,
	[&quot;nau&quot;] = &quot;na&quot;,
	[&quot;nav&quot;] = &quot;nv&quot;,
	[&quot;nbl&quot;] = &quot;nr&quot;,
	[&quot;nde&quot;] = &quot;nd&quot;,
	[&quot;ndo&quot;] = &quot;ng&quot;,
	[&quot;nep&quot;] = &quot;ne&quot;,
	[&quot;nld&quot;] = &quot;nl&quot;,
	[&quot;nno&quot;] = &quot;nn&quot;,
	[&quot;nob&quot;] = &quot;nb&quot;,
	[&quot;nor&quot;] = &quot;no&quot;,
	[&quot;nya&quot;] = &quot;ny&quot;,
	[&quot;oci&quot;] = &quot;oc&quot;,
	[&quot;oji&quot;] = &quot;oj&quot;,
	[&quot;ori&quot;] = &quot;or&quot;,
	[&quot;orm&quot;] = &quot;om&quot;,
	[&quot;oss&quot;] = &quot;os&quot;,
	[&quot;pan&quot;] = &quot;pa&quot;,
	[&quot;pli&quot;] = &quot;pi&quot;,
	[&quot;pol&quot;] = &quot;pl&quot;,
	[&quot;por&quot;] = &quot;pt&quot;,
	[&quot;pus&quot;] = &quot;ps&quot;,
	[&quot;que&quot;] = &quot;qu&quot;,
	[&quot;roh&quot;] = &quot;rm&quot;,
	[&quot;ron&quot;] = &quot;ro&quot;,
	[&quot;run&quot;] = &quot;rn&quot;,
	[&quot;rus&quot;] = &quot;ru&quot;,
	[&quot;sag&quot;] = &quot;sg&quot;,
	[&quot;san&quot;] = &quot;sa&quot;,
	[&quot;sin&quot;] = &quot;si&quot;,
	[&quot;slk&quot;] = &quot;sk&quot;,
	[&quot;slv&quot;] = &quot;sl&quot;,
	[&quot;sme&quot;] = &quot;se&quot;,
	[&quot;smo&quot;] = &quot;sm&quot;,
	[&quot;sna&quot;] = &quot;sn&quot;,
	[&quot;snd&quot;] = &quot;sd&quot;,
	[&quot;som&quot;] = &quot;so&quot;,
	[&quot;sot&quot;] = &quot;st&quot;,
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = &quot;es&quot;,
	[&quot;sqi&quot;] = &quot;sq&quot;,
	[&quot;srd&quot;] = &quot;sc&quot;,
	[&quot;srp&quot;] = &quot;sr&quot;,
	[&quot;ssw&quot;] = &quot;ss&quot;,
	[&quot;sun&quot;] = &quot;su&quot;,
	[&quot;swa&quot;] = &quot;sw&quot;,
	[&quot;swe&quot;] = &quot;sv&quot;,
	[&quot;tah&quot;] = &quot;ty&quot;,
	[&quot;tam&quot;] = &quot;ta&quot;,
	[&quot;tat&quot;] = &quot;tt&quot;,
	[&quot;tel&quot;] = &quot;te&quot;,
	[&quot;tgk&quot;] = &quot;tg&quot;,
	[&quot;tgl&quot;] = &quot;tl&quot;,
	[&quot;tha&quot;] = &quot;th&quot;,
	[&quot;tir&quot;] = &quot;ti&quot;,
	[&quot;ton&quot;] = &quot;to&quot;,
	[&quot;tsn&quot;] = &quot;tn&quot;,
	[&quot;tso&quot;] = &quot;ts&quot;,
	[&quot;tuk&quot;] = &quot;tk&quot;,
	[&quot;tur&quot;] = &quot;tr&quot;,
	[&quot;twi&quot;] = &quot;tw&quot;,
	[&quot;uig&quot;] = &quot;ug&quot;,
	[&quot;ukr&quot;] = &quot;uk&quot;,
	[&quot;urd&quot;] = &quot;ur&quot;,
	[&quot;uzb&quot;] = &quot;uz&quot;,
	[&quot;ven&quot;] = &quot;ve&quot;,
	[&quot;vie&quot;] = &quot;vi&quot;,
	[&quot;vol&quot;] = &quot;vo&quot;,
	[&quot;wln&quot;] = &quot;wa&quot;,
	[&quot;wol&quot;] = &quot;wo&quot;,
	[&quot;xho&quot;] = &quot;xh&quot;,
	[&quot;yid&quot;] = &quot;yi&quot;,
	[&quot;yor&quot;] = &quot;yo&quot;,
	[&quot;zha&quot;] = &quot;za&quot;,
	[&quot;zho&quot;] = &quot;zh&quot;,
	[&quot;zul&quot;] = &quot;zu&quot;
	}</text>
      <sha1>shzq5qyzo42nqfska6amwdq4g8lois9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Lang/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5586</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32107</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T20:58:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32107</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="11046" sha1="eflq7r5p1m4sgcrjxo5sehyn7szq2nz" xml:space="preserve">local lang_data = {};


--[[--------------------------&lt; O V E R R I D E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Language codes and names in this table override the BCP47 names in Module:Language/name/data.

code indexes in this table shall always be lower case
]]

local override = {
-- ISO 639-1 codes
	[&quot;ab&quot;] = {&quot;Abkhazian&quot;},														-- IANA name is Abkhazian; override wp_languages {&quot;Abkhaz&quot;}; to achieve this, use |label=
	[&quot;bh&quot;] = {&quot;Bihari languages&quot;},												-- only ISO 639-1 collective; defined here to override improper redefinition (Bihari) in wp_languages
	[&quot;cu&quot;] = {&quot;Church Slavonic&quot;},												-- 2nd IANA name;
	[&quot;de-at&quot;] = {&quot;Austrian German&quot;},											-- these code-region and code-variant to match en.wiki article names
	[&quot;de-ch&quot;] = {&quot;Swiss German&quot;},
	[&quot;en-au&quot;] = {&quot;Australian English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-ca&quot;] = {&quot;Canadian English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-emodeng&quot;] = {&quot;Early Modern English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-gb&quot;] = {&quot;British English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-ie&quot;] = {&quot;Irish English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-nz&quot;] = {&quot;New Zealand English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-us&quot;] = {&quot;American English&quot;},
	[&quot;en-za&quot;] = {&quot;South African English&quot;},
	[&quot;fy&quot;] = {&quot;West Frisian&quot;},													-- IANA name is Western Frisian
	[&quot;ps&quot;] = {&quot;Pashto&quot;},														-- IANA name is Pushto
	[&quot;sr-cyrl&quot;] = {&quot;Serbian&quot;},													-- override wp_languages Serbian Cyrillic; to achieve this, use |label=

-- ISO 639-2, -3 codes
	[&quot;arc&quot;] = {&quot;Aramaic&quot;},														-- IANA names are: Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE), Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE);
	[&quot;ber&quot;] = {&quot;Berber languages&quot;},												-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override redefinition in wp_languages
	[&quot;bua&quot;] = {&quot;Buryat&quot;},														-- IANA name Buriat; this is a macro language; these four use wp preferred transliteration;
	[&quot;bxm&quot;] = {&quot;Mongolian Buryat&quot;},												-- IANA name Mongolia Buriat; these three all redirect to Buryat
	[&quot;bxr&quot;] = {&quot;Russian Buryat&quot;},												-- IANA name Russia Buriat;
	[&quot;bxu&quot;] = {&quot;Chinese Buryat&quot;},												-- IANA name China Buriat;
	[&quot;cel&quot;] = {&quot;Celtic languages&quot;},												-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override improper redefinition ('Proto-Celtic') in wp_languages; use cel-x-proto instead
	[&quot;egy&quot;] = {&quot;Ancient Egyptian&quot;},												-- IANA name is Egyptian (Ancient); distinguish from contemporary arz: Egyptian Arabic 
	[&quot;frr&quot;] = {&quot;North Frisian&quot;},												-- IANA name is Northern Frisian
	[&quot;frs&quot;] = {&quot;East Frisian Low Saxon&quot;},										-- IANA name is Eastern Frisian
	[&quot;gem&quot;] = {&quot;Germanic languages&quot;},											-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override improper redefinition ('Proto-Germanic') in wp_languages; use gem-x-proto instead
	[&quot;jam&quot;] = {&quot;Jamaican Patois&quot;},												-- IANA name is Jamaican Creole English
	[&quot;mhr&quot;] = {&quot;Meadow Mari&quot;},													-- IANA name is Eastern Mari
	[&quot;mid&quot;] = {&quot;Modern Mandaic&quot;},												-- IANA name is Mandaic
	[&quot;mla&quot;] = {&quot;Tamambo&quot;},														-- wp_languages name is Medieval Latin; IANA and ISO 639-1 name is Malo
	[&quot;myn&quot;] = {&quot;Mayan languages&quot;},												-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override redefinition in wp_languages
	[&quot;nah&quot;] = {&quot;Nahuatl languages&quot;},											-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override redefinition in wp_languages
	[&quot;nrf&quot;] = {&quot;Norman&quot;},														-- not quite a collective - IANA name: Jèrriais; categorizes to Norman-language text
	[&quot;orv&quot;] = {&quot;Old East Slavic&quot;},												-- IANA name is Old Russian
	[&quot;pra&quot;] = {&quot;Prakrit languages&quot;},											-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override redefinition in wp_languages
	[&quot;roa&quot;] = {&quot;Romance languages&quot;},											-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override improper redefinition (Jèrriais) in wp_language; IANA name is &quot;Romance languages&quot;
	[&quot;sal&quot;] = {&quot;Salishan languages&quot;},											-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override redefinition in wp_languages
	[&quot;sla&quot;] = {&quot;Slavic languages&quot;},												-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override redefinition in wp_languages
	[&quot;son&quot;] = {&quot;Songhai languages&quot;},											-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override redefinition in wp_languages
	[&quot;stq&quot;] = {&quot;Saterland Frisian&quot;},											-- IANA name is Saterfriesisch
	[&quot;und&quot;] = {&quot;undetermined&quot;},													-- capitalization to match existing category
	[&quot;wen&quot;] = {&quot;Sorbian languages&quot;},											-- ISO 639-2 collective; defined here to override redefinition in wp_languages
	[&quot;wrg&quot;] = {&quot;Warrongo&quot;},														-- IANA name is Warungu
	[&quot;xal-ru&quot;] = {&quot;Kalmyk&quot;},													-- to match en.wiki article title
	
-- private use codes
	[&quot;cel-x-proto&quot;] = {&quot;Proto-Celtic&quot;},											-- cel in IANA is Celtic languages
	[&quot;gem-x-proto&quot;] = {&quot;Proto-Germanic&quot;},										-- gem in IANA is Germanic languages
	[&quot;grc-x-aeolic&quot;] = {&quot;Aeolic Greek&quot;},										-- these grc-x-... codes are preferred alternates to the non-standard catchall code grc-gre
	[&quot;grc-x-attic&quot;] = {&quot;Attic Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-x-biblical&quot;] = {&quot;Biblical Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-x-byzant&quot;] = {&quot;Byzantine Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-x-classic&quot;] = {&quot;Classical Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-x-doric&quot;] = {&quot;Doric Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-x-hellen&quot;] = {&quot;Hellenistic Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-x-ionic&quot;] = {&quot;Ionic Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-x-koine&quot;] = {&quot;Koinē Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-x-medieval&quot;] = {&quot;Medieval Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grc-x-patris&quot;] = {&quot;Patristic Greek&quot;},
	[&quot;grk-x-proto&quot;] = {&quot;Proto-Greek&quot;},											-- grk in IANA is Greek languages
	[&quot;iir-x-proto&quot;] = {&quot;Proto-Indo-Iranian&quot;},									-- iir in IANA is Indo-Iranian Languages
	[&quot;ira-x-proto&quot;] = {&quot;Proto-Iranian&quot;},										-- ira in IANA is Iranian languages
	[&quot;itc-x-proto&quot;] = {&quot;Proto-Italic&quot;},											-- itc in IANA is Italic languages
	[&quot;sla-x-proto&quot;] = {&quot;Proto-Slavic&quot;},											-- sla in IANA is Slavic languages
	[&quot;yuf-x-hav&quot;] = {&quot;Havasupai&quot;},												-- IANA name for these three is Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai
	[&quot;yuf-x-wal&quot;] = {&quot;Walapai&quot;},
	[&quot;yuf-x-yav&quot;] = {&quot;Yavapai&quot;},
	}


--[=[-------------------------&lt; R T L _ S C R I P T S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

ISO 15924 scripts that are written right-to-left.  Data in this table taken from [[ISO 15924#List of codes]]

last update to this list: 2017-12-24

]=]

local rtl_scripts = {
	'adlm', 'arab', 'aran', 'armi', 'avst', 'cprt', 'egyd', 'egyh', 'hatr', 'hebr',
	'hung', 'inds', 'khar', 'lydi', 'mand', 'mani', 'mend', 'merc', 'mero', 'narb',
	'nbat', 'nkoo', 'orkh', 'palm', 'phli', 'phlp', 'phlv', 'phnx', 'prti', 'rohg',
	'samr', 'sarb', 'sogd', 'sogo', 'syrc', 'syre', 'syrj', 'syrn', 'thaa', 'wole',
	};


--[[--------------------------&lt; T R A N S L I T   T I T L E S &gt;------------------------------------------------

This is a table of tables of transliteration standards and the language codes or language scripts that apply to
those standards.  This table is used to create the tool-tip text associated with the transliterated text displayed
by some of the {{lang-??}} templates.

These tables are more-or-less copied directly from {{transl}}.  The standard 'NO_STD' is a construct to allow for
the cases when no |std= parameter value is provided.

]]

local translit_title_table = {
	['ahl'] = {
		['default'] = 'Academy of the Hebrew Language transliteration',
		},

	['ala'] = {
		['default'] = 'American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration',
		},

	['ala-lc'] = {
		['default'] = 'American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration',
		},

	['batr'] = {
		['default'] = 'Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules',
		},

	['bgn/pcgn'] = {
		['default'] = 'Board on Geographic Names / Permanent Committee on Geographical Names transliteration',
		},

	['din'] = {
		['ar'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
		['fa'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
		['ku'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
		['ps'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
		['tg'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
		['ug'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
		['ur'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',
		['arab'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic',

		['default'] = 'DIN transliteration',
		},

	['eae'] = {
		['default'] = 'Encyclopaedia Aethiopica transliteration',
		},

	['hepburn'] = {
		['default'] = 'Hepburn transliteration',
		},

	['iast'] = {
		['default'] = 'International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration',
		},

	['iso'] = {																	-- when a transliteration standard is supplied
		['ab'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['ba'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['be'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['bg'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['kk'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['ky'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['mn'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['ru'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['tg'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['uk'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['bua'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['sah'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['tut'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['xal'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',
		['cyrl'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic',

		['ar'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
		['ku'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
		['ps'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
		['ug'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
		['ur'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',
		['arab'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic',

		['he'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew',
		['yi'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew',
		['hebr'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew',

		['el'] = 'ISO 843 Greek',
		['grc'] = 'ISO 843 Greek',

		['ja'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',
		['hira'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',
		['hrkt'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',
		['jpan'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',
		['kana'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese',

		['zh'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
		['chi'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
		['pny'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
		['zho'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
--		['han'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',											-- unicode alias of Hani? doesn't belong here? should be Hani?
		['hans'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',
		['hant'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese',

		['ka'] = 'ISO 9984 Georgian',
		['kat'] = 'ISO 9984 Georgian',

		['arm'] = 'ISO 9985 Armenian',
		['hy'] = 'ISO 9985 Armenian',

		['th'] = 'ISO 11940 Thai',
		['tha'] = 'ISO 11940 Thai',

		['ko'] = 'ISO 11941 Korean',
		['kor'] = 'ISO 11941 Korean',

		['bn'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['dra'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['gu'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['hi'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['inc'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['kn'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['ml'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['mr'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['sa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['ta'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['te'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['beng'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['brah'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',
		['deva'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic',

		['default'] = 'ISO transliteration',
		},

	['mr'] = {
		['default'] = 'McCune–Reischauer transliteration',
		},

	['nihon-shiki'] = {
		['default'] = 'Nihon-shiki transliteration',
		},

	['no_std'] = {																-- when no transliteration standard is supplied
		['akk'] = 'Semitic transliteration',
		['sem'] = 'Semitic transliteration',
		['phnx'] = 'Semitic transliteration',
		['xsux'] = 'Cuneiform transliteration',
		},

	['pinyin'] = {
		['default'] = 'Pinyin transliteration',
		},

	['rr'] = {
		['default'] = 'Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration',
		},

	['satts'] = {
		['default'] = 'Standard Arabic Technical Transliteration System transliteration',
		},

	['ungegn'] = {
		['default'] = 'United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names transliteration',
		},

	['wehr'] = {
		['default'] = 'Hans Wehr transliteration',
		},
	};


return
	{
	override = override,
	rtl_scripts = rtl_scripts,
	is_rtl_script = is_rtl_script,
	translit_title_table = translit_title_table,
	};</text>
      <sha1>eflq7r5p1m4sgcrjxo5sehyn7szq2nz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Unicode data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5587</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32108</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T21:02:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32108</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="14217" sha1="7k89c26uypv16gckr4a57sc4rgnke41" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

local floor = math.floor

local function errorf(level, ...)
	if type(level) == number then
		return error(string.format(...), level + 1)
	else -- level is actually the format string.
		return error(string.format(level, ...), 2)
	end
end

local function binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
	local low, mid, high
	low, high = 1, ranges.length or require &quot;Module:Table&quot;.length(ranges)
	while low &lt;= high do
		mid = floor((low + high) / 2)
		local range = ranges[mid]
		if codepoint &lt; range[1] then
			high = mid - 1
		elseif codepoint &lt;= range[2] then
			return range, mid
		else
			low = mid + 1
		end
	end
	return nil, mid
end
p.binary_range_search = binary_range_search

--[[
local function linear_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
	for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do
		if range[1] &lt;= codepoint and codepoint &lt;= range[2] then
			return range
		end
	end
end
--]]

-- Load a module by indexing &quot;loader&quot; with the name of the module minus the
-- &quot;Module:Unicode data/&quot; part. For instance, loader.blocks returns
-- [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]]. If a module cannot be loaded, false will be
-- returned.
local loader = setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (self, key)
		local success, data = pcall(mw.loadData, &quot;Module:Unicode data/&quot; .. key)
		if not success then
			data = false
		end
		self[key] = data
		return data
	end
})

-- For the algorithm used to generate Hangul Syllable names,
-- see &quot;Hangul Syllable Name Generation&quot; in section 3.12 of the
-- Unicode Specification:
-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch03.pdf
local name_hooks = {
	{     0x00,     0x1F, &quot;&lt;control-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- C0 control characters
	{     0x7F,     0x9F, &quot;&lt;control-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- DEL and C1 control characters
	{   0x3400,   0x4DB5, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension A
	{   0x4E00,   0x9FEF, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph
	{   0xAC00,   0xD7A3, function (codepoint) -- Hangul Syllables
		local Hangul_data = loader.Hangul
		local syllable_index = codepoint - 0xAC00

		return (&quot;HANGUL SYLLABLE %s%s%s&quot;):format(
			Hangul_data.leads[floor(syllable_index / Hangul_data.final_count)],
			Hangul_data.vowels[floor((syllable_index % Hangul_data.final_count)
				/ Hangul_data.trail_count)],
			Hangul_data.trails[syllable_index % Hangul_data.trail_count]
		)
	end },
	-- High Surrogates, High Private Use Surrogates, Low Surrogates
	{   0xD800,   0xDFFF, &quot;&lt;surrogate-%04X&gt;&quot; },
	{   0xE000,   0xF8FF, &quot;&lt;private-use-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- Private Use
	-- CJK Compatibility Ideographs
	{   0xF900,   0xFA6D, &quot;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; },
	{   0xFA70,   0xFAD9, &quot;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; },
	{  0x17000,  0x187F1, &quot;TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- Tangut
	{  0x18800,  0x18AF2, function (codepoint)
		return (&quot;TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0x187FF)
	end },
	{  0x1B170,  0x1B2FB, &quot;NUSHU CHARACTER-%04X&quot; }, -- Nushu
	{  0x20000,  0x2A6D6, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension B
	{  0x2A700,  0x2B734, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension C
	{  0x2A740,  0x2B81D, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension D
	{  0x2B820,  0x2CEA1, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension E
	{  0x2CEB0,  0x2EBE0, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension F
	-- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (Supplementary Ideographic Plane)
	{  0x2F800,  0x2FA1D, &quot;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; },
	{  0xE0100,  0xE01EF, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors Supplement
		return (&quot;VARIATION SELECTOR-%d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0xE0100 + 17)
	end},
	{  0xF0000,  0xFFFFD, &quot;&lt;private-use-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- Plane 15 Private Use
	{ 0x100000, 0x10FFFD, &quot;&lt;private-use-%04X&gt;&quot; }  -- Plane 16 Private Use
}
name_hooks.length = #name_hooks

local name_range_cache

local function generate_name(data, codepoint)
	if type(data) == &quot;string&quot; then
		return data:format(codepoint)
	else
		return data(codepoint)
	end
end

--[[
-- Checks that the code point is a number and in range.
-- Does not check whether code point is an integer.
-- Not used
local function check_codepoint(funcName, argIdx, val)
	require 'libraryUtil'.checkType(funcName, argIdx, val, 'number')
	if codepoint &lt; 0 or 0x10FFFF &lt; codepoint then
		errorf(&quot;Codepoint %04X out of range&quot;, codepoint)
	end
end
--]]

-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch04.pdf, section 4.8
function p.lookup_name(codepoint)
	-- U+FDD0-U+FDEF and all code points ending in FFFE or FFFF are Unassigned
	-- (Cn) and specifically noncharacters:
	-- https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar4
	if 0xFDD0 &lt;= codepoint and (codepoint &lt;= 0xFDEF
			or floor(codepoint % 0x10000) &gt;= 0xFFFE) then
		return (&quot;&lt;noncharacter-%04X&gt;&quot;):format(codepoint)
	end

	if name_range_cache -- Check if previously used &quot;name hook&quot; applies to this code point.
			and codepoint &gt;= name_range_cache[1]
			and codepoint &lt;= name_range_cache[2] then
		return generate_name(name_range_cache[3], codepoint)
	end
	
	local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, name_hooks)
	if range then
		name_range_cache = range
		return generate_name(range[3], codepoint)
	end

	local data = loader[('names/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]
	
	if data and data[codepoint] then
		return data[codepoint]
	
	-- Unassigned (Cn) consists of noncharacters and reserved characters.
	-- The character has been established not to be a noncharacter,
	-- and if it were assigned, its name would already been retrieved,
	-- so it must be reserved.
	else
		return (&quot;&lt;reserved-%04X&gt;&quot;):format(codepoint)
	end
end

--[[
-- No image data modules on Wikipedia yet.
function p.lookup_image(codepoint)
	local data = loader[('images/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]
	
	if data then
		return data[codepoint]
	end
end
--]]

local planes = {
	[ 0] = &quot;Basic Multilingual Plane&quot;;
	[ 1] = &quot;Supplementary Multilingual Plane&quot;;
	[ 2] = &quot;Supplementary Ideographic Plane&quot;;
	[13] = &quot;Supplementary Special-purpose Plane&quot;;
	[14] = &quot;Supplementary Private Use Area-A&quot;;
	[15] = &quot;Supplementary Private Use Area-B&quot;;
}

-- Load [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]] if needed and assign it to this variable.
local blocks

local function block_iter(blocks, i)
	i = i + 1
	local data = blocks[i]
	if data then
		 -- Unpack doesn't work on tables loaded with mw.loadData.
		return i, data[1], data[2], data[3]
	end
end

-- An ipairs-type iterator generator for the list of blocks.
function p.enum_blocks()
	local blocks = loader.blocks
	return block_iter, blocks, 0
end

function p.lookup_plane(codepoint)
	local i = floor(codepoint / 0x10000)
	return planes[i] or (&quot;Plane %u&quot;):format(i)
end

function p.lookup_block(codepoint)
	local blocks = loader.blocks
	local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, blocks)
	if range then
		return range[3]
	else
		return &quot;No Block&quot;
	end
end

function p.get_block_info(name)
	for i, block in ipairs(loader.blocks) do
		if block[3] == name then
			return block
		end
	end
end

function p.is_valid_pagename(pagename)
	local has_nonws = false

	for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(pagename) do
		if (cp == 0x0023) -- #
		or (cp == 0x005B) -- [
		or (cp == 0x005D) -- ]
		or (cp == 0x007B) -- {
		or (cp == 0x007C) -- |
		or (cp == 0x007D) -- }
		or (cp == 0x180E) -- MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR
		or ((cp &gt;= 0x2000) and (cp &lt;= 0x200A)) -- spaces in General Punctuation block
		or (cp == 0xFFFD) -- REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
		then
			return false
		end

		local printable, result = p.is_printable(cp)
		if not printable then
			return false
		end

		if result ~= &quot;space-separator&quot; then
			has_nonws = true
		end
	end

	return has_nonws
end

local function manual_unpack(what, from)
	if what[from + 1] == nil then
		return what[from]
	end
	
	local result = {}
	from = from or 1
	for i, item in ipairs(what) do
		if i &gt;= from then
			table.insert(result, item)
		end
	end
	return unpack(result)
end

local function compare_ranges(range1, range2)
	return range1[1] &lt; range2[1]
end

-- Creates a function to look up data in a module that contains &quot;singles&quot; (a
-- code point-to-data map) and &quot;ranges&quot; (an array containing arrays that contain
-- the low and high code points of a range and the data associated with that
-- range).
-- &quot;loader&quot; loads and returns the &quot;singles&quot; and &quot;ranges&quot; tables.
-- &quot;match_func&quot; is passed the code point and either the data or the &quot;dots&quot;, and
-- generates the final result of the function.
-- The varargs (&quot;dots&quot;) describes the default data to be returned if there wasn't
-- a match.
-- In case the function is used more than once, &quot;cache&quot; saves ranges that have
-- already been found to match, or a range whose data is the default if there
-- was no match.
local function memo_lookup(data_module_subpage, match_func, ...)
	local dots = { ... }
	local cache = {}
	local singles, ranges

	return function (codepoint)
		if not singles then
			local data_module = loader[data_module_subpage]
			singles, ranges = data_module.singles, data_module.ranges
		end

		if singles[codepoint] then
			return match_func(codepoint, singles[codepoint])
		end

		local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, cache)
		if range then
			return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
		end
		
		local range, index = binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
		if range then
			table.insert(cache, range)
			table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
			return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
		end
		
		if ranges[index] then
			local dots_range
			if codepoint &gt; ranges[index][2] then
				dots_range = {
					ranges[index][2] + 1,
					ranges[index + 1] and ranges[index + 1][1] - 1 or 0x10FFFF,
					unpack(dots)
				}
			else -- codepoint &lt; range[index][1]
				dots_range = {
					ranges[index - 1] and ranges[index - 1][2] + 1 or 0,
					ranges[index][1] - 1,
					unpack(dots)
				}
			end
			table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
		end
		
		return match_func(codepoint)
	end
end

-- Get a code point's combining class value in [[Module:Unicode data/combining]],
-- and return whether this value is not zero. Zero is assigned as the default
-- if the combining class value is not found in this data module.
-- That is, return true if character is combining, or false if it is not.
-- See https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Canonical_Combining_Class_Values for
-- more information.
p.is_combining = memo_lookup(
	&quot;combining&quot;,
	function (codepoint, combining_class)
		return combining_class and combining_class ~= 0 or false
	end,
	0)

function p.add_dotted_circle(str)
	return (mw.ustring.gsub(str, &quot;.&quot;,
		function(char)
			if p.is_combining(mw.ustring.codepoint(char)) then
				return '◌' .. char
			end
		end))
end

local lookup_control = memo_lookup(
	&quot;control&quot;,
	function (codepoint, ccc)
		return ccc or &quot;assigned&quot;
	end,
	&quot;assigned&quot;)
p.lookup_control = lookup_control

function p.is_assigned(codepoint)
	return lookup_control(codepoint) ~= &quot;unassigned&quot;
end

function p.is_printable(codepoint)
	local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
	return (result == &quot;assigned&quot;) or (result == &quot;space-separator&quot;), result
end

function p.is_whitespace(codepoint)
	local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
	return (result == &quot;space-separator&quot;), result
end

p.lookup_category = memo_lookup(
	&quot;category&quot;,
	function (codepoint, category)
		return category
	end,
	&quot;Cn&quot;)

local lookup_script = memo_lookup(
	&quot;scripts&quot;,
	function (codepoint, script_code)
		return script_code or 'Zzzz'
	end,
	&quot;Zzzz&quot;)
p.lookup_script = lookup_script

function p.get_best_script(str)
	local scripts = {}
	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
		local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
		
		-- Ignore &quot;Inherited&quot;, &quot;Undetermined&quot;, or &quot;Uncoded&quot; scripts.
		if not (script == &quot;Zyyy&quot; or script == &quot;Zinh&quot; or script == &quot;Zzzz&quot;) then
			scripts[script] = true
		end
	end
	
	-- If scripts does not contain two or more keys,
	-- return first and only key (script code) in table.
	if not next(scripts, next(scripts)) then
		return next(scripts)
	end -- else return majority script, or else &quot;Zzzz&quot;?
end

function p.is_Latin(str)
	-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the
	-- code points U+0340-U+10FFFF. See the codepage in the [[UTF-8]] article.
	-- If they are not found, then there is no need to test the scripts in the
	-- string, because the only scripts found below U+0370 (the first code point
	-- of the Greek and Coptic block) are Latn, Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz.
	if not str:find &quot;[\205-\244]&quot; then
		return true
	end
	
	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
		local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
		
		if not (script == &quot;Latn&quot; or script == &quot;Zyyy&quot; or script == &quot;Zinh&quot;
				or script == &quot;Zzzz&quot;) then
			return false
		end
	end
	
	return true
end

local function get_codepoint(args, arg)
	local codepoint_string = args[arg]
		or errorf(2, &quot;Parameter %s is required&quot;, tostring(arg))
	local codepoint = tonumber(codepoint_string, 16)
		or errorf(2, &quot;Parameter %s is not a code point in hexadecimal base&quot;,
			tostring(arg))
	if not (0 &lt;= codepoint and codepoint &lt;= 0x10FFFF) then
		errorf(2, &quot;code point in parameter %s out of range&quot;, tostring(arg))
	end
	return codepoint
end

local function get_func(args, arg, prefix)
	local datum = args[1]
		or errorf(2, &quot;Parameter %s is required&quot;, tostring(arg))
	datum = mw.text.trim(datum)
	local func_name = prefix .. datum
	local func = p[func_name]
	if not func then
		errorf(&quot;There is no function '%s'&quot;, func_name)
	end
	return func
end

-- This function allows any of the &quot;lookup&quot; functions to be invoked. The first
-- parameter is the word after &quot;lookup_&quot;; the second parameter is the code point
-- in hexadecimal base.
function p.lookup(frame)
	local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, &quot;lookup_&quot;)
	local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
	local result = func(codepoint)
	if func == p.lookup_name then
		-- Prevent code point labels such as &lt;control-0000&gt; from being
		-- interpreted as opening HTML tags.
		result = result:gsub(&quot;&lt;&quot;, &quot;&amp;lt;&quot;)
	end
	return result
end

function p.is(frame)
	local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, &quot;is_&quot;)
	
	-- is_Latin and is_valid_pagename take strings.
	if func == p.is_Latin or func == p.is_valid_pagename then
		return (func(frame.args[2]))
	else -- The rest take code points.
		local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
		return (func(codepoint)) -- Adjust to one result.
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>7k89c26uypv16gckr4a57sc4rgnke41</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Center</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5588</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32109</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T21:04:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32109</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="262" sha1="egcrlo59jwn3nnvint1cia3ijzhp4g7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if: {{{style|}}} | {{{style}}};}}&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/div&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}||[[Category:Pages using center with no arguments]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>egcrlo59jwn3nnvint1cia3ijzhp4g7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Efn</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5589</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32110</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T21:06:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32110</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="602" sha1="cy2hvj1zss95pdjzsgcbg4q4cq6tzl8" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{name|}}}
 |{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{reference|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}|name={{{name|}}}|group={{#switch: {{{group|}}}
    | note
    | upper-alpha
    | upper-roman
    | lower-alpha
    | lower-greek
    | lower-roman = {{{group|}}}
    | #default = lower-alpha
   }}
 }}
 |{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{reference|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}|group={{#switch: {{{group|}}}
    | note
    | upper-alpha
    | upper-roman
    | lower-alpha
    | lower-greek
    | lower-roman = {{{group|}}}
    | #default = lower-alpha
   }}
 }}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cy2hvj1zss95pdjzsgcbg4q4cq6tzl8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ubl</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5590</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Unbulleted list" />
    <revision>
      <id>32111</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T21:08:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>32111</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="sy7gpx7d7kqdajwjgzwwun860bryyvc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Unbulleted list]]</text>
      <sha1>sy7gpx7d7kqdajwjgzwwun860bryyvc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ordinal</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5591</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32112</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T21:11:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32112</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="92" sha1="658r10ag7rv4b2nxz38rgs2wn4gljqn" xml:space="preserve">{{SAFESUBST:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:Ordinal|ordinal}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>658r10ag7rv4b2nxz38rgs2wn4gljqn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Ordinal</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5592</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32113</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T21:14:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32113</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1598" sha1="mfvnnawmnoleno9ajd0ky9qh5dif9rm" xml:space="preserve">--[[  
 
This template will add the appropriate ordinal suffix to a given integer.
 
Please do not modify this code without applying the changes first at
Module:Ordinal/sandbox and testing at Module:Ordinal/sandbox/testcases and
Module talk:Ordinal/sandbox/testcases.
 
]]

local p = {}

local yesno     = require('Module:Yesno') -- boolean value interpretation

--[[
This function converts an integer value into a numeral followed by ordinal indicator.
The output string might contain HTML tags.
 
Usage:
{{#invoke:Ordinal|ordinal|1=|2=|sup=}}
{{#invoke:Ordinal|ordinal}} - uses the caller's parameters
 
Parameters
    1: Any number or string.
    2: Set to &quot;d&quot; if the module should display &quot;d&quot; instead of &quot;nd&quot; and &quot;rd&quot;.
    sup: Set to yes/no to toggle superscript ordinal suffix.
]]
function p.ordinal(frame)
	local args = frame.args
    if args[1] == nil then
        args = frame:getParent().args
    end
    if args[1] == nil then
    	args[1] = &quot;{{{1}}}&quot;
    end
    return p._ordinal(args[1], (args[2] == 'd'), yesno(args.sup))
end

function p._ordinal(n, d, sup)
	local x = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(n, &quot;(%d*)%W*$&quot;))
	local suffix = &quot;th&quot;
	-- If tonumber(n) worked:
	if x then
		local mod10 = math.abs(x) % 10
		local mod100 = math.abs(x) % 100
		if     mod10 == 1 and mod100 ~= 11 then
			suffix = &quot;st&quot;
		elseif mod10 == 2 and mod100 ~= 12 then
			if d then suffix = &quot;d&quot; else suffix = &quot;nd&quot; end
		elseif mod10 == 3 and mod100 ~= 13 then
			if d then suffix = &quot;d&quot; else suffix = &quot;rd&quot; end
		end
	end
	if sup then
		suffix = &quot;&lt;sup&gt;&quot; .. suffix .. &quot;&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;
	end
	return n .. suffix
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>mfvnnawmnoleno9ajd0ky9qh5dif9rm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:UN Population</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5593</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32114</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T21:19:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32114</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9800" sha1="esbc4is9tjppsx085ggqyl1utms7lr5" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch: {{{1}}}	
| Year = 2016
| source = the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects&lt;ref name=&quot;UN_WPP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ |title=World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision |type=custom data acquired via website |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Population Division |website=ESA.UN.org |access-date=10 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;UN_WPP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ |title=World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision |type=custom data acquired via website |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Population Division |website=ESA.UN.org |access-date=10 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| World=7,466,964,280
|    More developed regions=1,256,576,162
|    Less developed regions=6,210,388,118
|       Least developed countries=979,387,925
|       Less developed regions, excluding least developed countries=5,231,000,193
|    Less developed regions, excluding China=4,775,416,037
|    High-income countries=1,185,859,358
|    Middle-income countries=5,618,975,116
|       Lower-middle-income countries=3,012,429,531
|       Upper-middle-income countries=2,606,545,585
|    Low-income countries=659,272,676
|    Sub-Saharan Africa=995,694,907
|    Africa=1,225,080,510
|       Eastern Africa=410,637,987
|          Burundi=10,524,117
|          Comoros=795,601
|          Djibouti=942,333
|          Eritrea=4,954,645
|          Ethiopia=102,403,196
|          Kenya=48,461,567
|          Madagascar=24,894,551
|          Malawi=18,091,575
|          Mauritius=1,262,132
|          Mayotte=246,489
|          Mozambique=28,829,476
|          Réunion=869,925
|          Rwanda=11,917,508
|          Seychelles=94,228
|          Somalia=14,317,996
|          South Sudan=12,230,730
|          Uganda=41,487,965
|          United Republic of Tanzania=55,572,201
|          Zambia=16,591,390
|          Zimbabwe=16,150,362
|       Middle Africa=158,562,976
|          Angola=28,813,463
|          Cameroon=23,439,189
|          Central African Republic=4,594,621
|          Chad=14,452,543
|          Congo=5,125,821
|          Democratic Republic of the Congo=78,736,153
|          Equatorial Guinea=1,221,490
|          Gabon=1,979,786
|          Sao Tome and Principe=199,910
|       Northern Africa=229,385,603
|          Algeria=40,606,052
|          Egypt=95,688,681
|          Libya=6,293,253
|          Morocco=35,276,786
|          Sudan=39,578,828
|          Tunisia=11,403,248
|          Western Sahara=538,755
|       Southern Africa=64,292,365
|          Botswana=2,250,260
|          Lesotho=2,203,821
|          Namibia=2,479,713
|          South Africa=56,015,473
|          Swaziland=1,343,098
|       Western Africa=362,201,579
|          Benin=10,872,298
|          Burkina Faso=18,646,433
|          Cabo Verde=539,560
|          Côte d'Ivoire=23,695,919
|          Gambia=2,038,501
|          Ghana=28,206,728
|          Guinea=12,395,924
|          Guinea-Bissau=1,815,698
|          Liberia=4,613,823
|          Mali=17,994,837
|          Mauritania=4,301,018
|          Niger=20,672,987
|          Nigeria=185,989,640
|          Saint Helena=4,035
|          Senegal=15,411,614
|          Sierra Leone=7,396,190
|          Togo=7,606,374
|    Asia=4,462,676,731
|       Eastern Asia=1,641,908,531
|          China=1,403,500,365
|          China, Hong Kong SAR=7,302,843
|          China, Macao SAR=612,167
|          China, Taiwan Province of China=23,556,706
|          Dem. People's Republic of Korea=25,368,620
|          Japan=127,748,513
|          Mongolia=3,027,398
|          Republic of Korea=50,791,919
|       South-Central Asia=1,916,054,394
|          Central Asia=69,787,760
|             Kazakhstan=17,987,736
|             Kyrgyzstan=5,955,734
|             Tajikistan=8,734,951
|             Turkmenistan=5,662,544
|             Uzbekistan=31,446,795
|          Southern Asia=1,846,266,634
|             Afghanistan=34,656,032
|             Bangladesh=162,951,560
|             Bhutan=797,765
|             India=1,324,171,354
|             Iran (Islamic Republic of)=80,277,428
|             Maldives=427,756
|             Nepal=28,982,771
|             Pakistan=193,203,476
|             Sri Lanka=20,798,492
|       South-Eastern Asia=641,775,797
|          Brunei Darussalam=423,196
|          Cambodia=15,762,370
|          Indonesia=261,115,456
|          Lao People's Democratic Republic=6,758,353
|          Malaysia=31,187,265
|          Myanmar=52,885,223
|          Philippines=103,320,222
|          Singapore=5,622,455
|          Thailand=68,863,514
|          Timor-Leste=1,268,671
|          Viet Nam=94,569,072
|       Western Asia=262,938,009
|          Armenia=2,924,816
|          Azerbaijan=9,725,376
|          Bahrain=1,425,171
|          Cyprus=1,170,125
|          Georgia=3,925,405
|          Iraq=37,202,572
|          Israel=8,191,828
|          Jordan=9,455,802
|          Kuwait=4,052,584
|          Lebanon=6,006,668
|          Oman=4,424,762
|          Qatar=2,569,804
|          Saudi Arabia=32,275,687
|          State of Palestine=4,790,705
|          Syrian Arab Republic=18,430,453
|          Turkey=79,512,426
|          United Arab Emirates=9,269,612
|          Yemen=27,584,213
|    Europe=741,447,158
|       Eastern Europe=292,885,221
|          Belarus=9,480,042
|          Bulgaria=7,131,494
|          Czechia=10,610,947
|          Hungary=9,753,281
|          Poland=38,224,410
|          Republic of Moldova=4,059,608
|          Romania=19,778,083
|          Russian Federation=143,964,513
|          Slovakia=5,444,218
|          Ukraine=44,438,625
|       Northern Europe=103,642,971
|          Channel Islands=164,541
|          Denmark=5,711,870
|          Estonia=1,312,442
|          Faroe Islands=49,117
|          Finland=5,503,132
|          Iceland=332,474
|          Ireland=4,726,078
|          Isle of Man=83,737
|          Latvia=1,970,530
|          Lithuania=2,908,249
|          Norway=5,254,694
|          Sweden=9,837,533
|          United Kingdom=65,788,574
|       Southern Europe=152,172,107
|          Albania=2,926,348
|          Andorra=77,281
|          Bosnia and Herzegovina=3,516,816
|          Croatia=4,213,265
|          Gibraltar=34,408
|          Greece=11,183,716
|          Holy See=801
|          Italy=59,429,938
|          Malta=429,362
|          Montenegro=628,615
|          Portugal=10,371,627
|          San Marino=33,203
|          Serbia=8,820,083
|          Slovenia=2,077,862
|          Spain=46,347,576
|          TFYR Macedonia=2,081,206
|       Western Europe=192,746,859
|          Austria=8,712,137
|          Belgium=11,358,379
|          France=64,720,690
|          Germany=81,914,672
|          Liechtenstein=37,666
|          Luxembourg=575,747
|          Monaco=38,499
|          Netherlands=16,987,330
|          Switzerland=8,401,739
|    Latin America and the Caribbean=639,048,639
|       Caribbean=43,601,839
|          Anguilla=14,764
|          Antigua and Barbuda=100,963
|          Aruba=104,822
|          Bahamas=391,232
|          Barbados=284,996
|          British Virgin Islands=30,661
|          Caribbean Netherlands=25,019
|          Cayman Islands=60,765
|          Cuba=11,475,982
|          Curaçao=159,371
|          Dominica=73,543
|          Dominican Republic=10,648,791
|          Grenada=107,317
|          Guadeloupe=449,975
|          Haiti=10,847,334
|          Jamaica=2,881,355
|          Martinique=385,103
|          Montserrat=5,152
|          Puerto Rico=3,667,903
|          Saint Kitts and Nevis=54,821
|          Saint Lucia=178,015
|          Saint Vincent and the Grenadines=109,643
|          Sint Maarten (Dutch part)=39,537
|          Trinidad and Tobago=1,364,962
|          Turks and Caicos Islands=34,900
|          United States Virgin Islands=104,913
|       Central America=174,988,756
|          Belize=366,954
|          Costa Rica=4,857,274
|          El Salvador=6,344,722
|          Guatemala=16,582,469
|          Honduras=9,112,867
|          Mexico=127,540,423
|          Nicaragua=6,149,928
|          Panama=4,034,119
|       South America=420,458,044
|          Argentina=43,847,430
|          Bolivia (Plurinational State of)=10,887,882
|          Brazil=207,652,865
|          Chile=17,909,754
|          Colombia=48,653,419
|          Ecuador=16,385,068
|          Falkland Islands (Malvinas)=2,910
|          French Guiana=275,713
|          Guyana=773,303
|          Paraguay=6,725,308
|          Peru=31,773,839
|          Suriname=558,368
|          Uruguay=3,444,006
|          Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)=31,568,179
|    Northern America=358,593,810
|       Bermuda=61,666
|       Canada=36,289,822
|       Greenland=56,412
|       Saint Pierre and Miquelon=6,305
|       United States of America=322,179,605
|    Oceania=40,117,432
|       Australia/New Zealand=28,786,681
|          Australia=24,125,848
|          New Zealand=4,660,833
|       Melanesia=10,126,249
|          Fiji=898,760
|          New Caledonia=272,677
|          Papua New Guinea=8,084,991
|          Solomon Islands=599,419
|          Vanuatu=270,402
|       Micronesia=523,167
|          Guam=162,896
|          Kiribati=114,395
|          Marshall Islands=53,066
|          Micronesia (Fed. States of)=104,937
|          Nauru=11,347
|          Northern Mariana Islands=55,023
|          Palau=21,503
|       Polynesia=681,335
|          American Samoa=55,599
|          Cook Islands=17,379
|          French Polynesia=280,208
|          Niue=1,624
|          Samoa=195,125
|          Tokelau=1,282
|          Tonga=107,122
|          Tuvalu=11,097
|          Wallis and Futuna Islands=11,899
| default = 0}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>esbc4is9tjppsx085ggqyl1utms7lr5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5594</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32118</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T21:40:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32118</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="8260" sha1="js6xozslbdgyigcumx6taxh33cortcl" xml:space="preserve">--Please insert new suggestions in alphabetical order
--The form is ['incorrect'] = 'correct',

suggestions = {
	['accessmonth'] = 'access-date', -- no longer supported by us, but still by citation templates mirrored in foreign WPs; can be emulated using 'access-date'
	['accesso'] = 'access-date', --  Italian
	['accessyear'] = 'access-date', -- no longer supported by us, but still by citation templates mirrored in foreign WPs; can be emulated using 'access-date'
	['address'] = 'location',
	['année'] = 'year', -- French
	['año'] = 'year',
	['año-original'] = 'orig-year',
	['añoacceso'] = 'access-date', -- Spanish
	['annoaccesso'] = 'access-date', --Italian
	['annodiaccesso'] = 'access-date', --Italian
	['apellido'] = 'last', -- Spanish
	['archiv-datum'] = 'archive-date', -- German
	['archive date'] = 'archive-date',
	['archiv-url'] = 'archive-url', -- German
	['archive url'] = 'archive-url', -- Spanish
	['artist'] = 'others',
	['auflage'] = 'edition', -- German
	['auteur'] = 'author', -- French
	['auther'] = 'author',
	['author link'] = 'author-link', -- Polish
	['author link2'] = 'author2-link', -- Polish
	['autor'] = 'authors', -- German (singular and plural)
	['autore'] = 'author', -- Italian
	['autthor'] = 'author',
	['band'] = 'volume', -- German
	['chapter_title'] = 'chapter',
	['cita'] = 'quote', -- Spanish
	['citazione'] = 'quote', -- Italian
	['coauthor'] = 'author',
	['coauthors'] = 'author',
	['coautores'] = 'author', -- Spanish
	['coautori'] = 'author', -- Italian
	['cognome'] = 'last', -- Italian
	['consulté le'] = 'access-date', -- French
	['czasopismo'] = 'journal', -- Polish
	['data'] = 'date', -- Polish, Italian
	['dataarchivio'] = 'archive-date', -- Italian
	['data dostępu'] = 'access-date', -- Polish
	['datum'] = 'date', -- German
	['deadlink'] = 'dead-url',
	['distributor'] = 'publisher',
	['dnb'] = 'id', -- German (as 'id={{DNB-IDN|...}}') (not yet supported by us directly)
	['éditeur'] = 'editor', -- French
	['editon'] = 'edition',
	['editoin'] = 'edition',
	['editorial'] = 'publisher',
	['en ligne le'] = 'archive-date', -- French
	['encyclopædia'] = 'encyclopedia',
	['enlaceautor'] = 'author-link', -- Spanish
	['fecha'] = 'date', -- Spanish
	['fechaacceso'] = 'access-date', -- Spanish
	['fechaarchivo'] = 'archive-date', -- Spanish
	['filetype'] = 'format',
	['first 1'] = 'first1',
	['foramt'] = 'format',
	['formato'] = 'format', -- Spanish, Italian, Polish
	['frist'] = 'first',
	['herausgeber'] = 'editors', -- German (singular and plural)
	['idioma'] = 'language', -- Spanish, Italian
	['imię'] = 'first', -- Polish
	['isbnistformalfalsch'] = 'ignore-isbn-error', -- German
	['isnb'] = 'isbn',
	['jahr'] = 'year', -- German
	['kapitel'] = 'chapter', -- German
--	['kommentar'] = 'comment', -- German (not yet supported by us)
	['lang'] = 'language',
	['langauge'] = 'language',
	['langue'] = 'language', -- French
	['last 1'] = 'last1',
	['lieu'] = 'location', -- French
	['lingua'] = 'language', -- Italian
	['lire en ligne'] = 'url', -- French
	['lizenznummer'] = 'id', -- German (as 'id=License ...')
	['loaction'] = 'location',
	['locatoin'] = 'location',
	['lugar'] = 'location', -- Spanish
	['miejsce'] = 'location', -- Polish
	['miesiąc'] = 'date', -- Polish
	['mois'] = 'date', -- French
	['monat'] = 'date', -- German
--	['name'] = 'author', -- 'name' is often erroneously used for 'title' and 'work' as well, so no suggestion is better than a wrong suggestion
	['nazwisko'] = 'last', -- Polish
	['nespaper'] = 'newspaper',
	['newpaper'] = 'newspaper',
	['news'] = 'newspaper',
	['nom'] = 'last', -- French
	['nom1'] = 'last1', -- French
	['nombre'] = 'first', -- Spanish
	['nome'] = 'first', -- Italian
	['nummer'] = 'number', -- German
	['obra'] = 'work', -- Spanish
	['odpowiedzialność'] = 'agency', -- Polish
	['offline'] = 'dead-url', -- German
	['online'] = 'url', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated)
	['opublikowany'] = 'agency', -- Polish
	['opera'] = 'work', -- Italian
	['origdate'] = 'orig-year',
	['originaljahr'] = 'orig-year', -- German
	['originalort'] = 'location', -- German (if 'ort' is specified at the same time, the latter should be put in 'publication-place')
	['originalsprache'] = 'language', -- German
	['originaltitel'] = 'title', -- German (if 'originaltitel' is specified, any possible contents of 'title' should be put in 'trans-title')
	['ort'] = 'location', -- German
	['other'] = 'others',
	['oznaczenie'] = 'agency', -- Polish
	['pagees'] = 'pages',
	['página'] = 'page', -- Spanish, Italian
	['páginas'] = 'pages', -- Spanish, Italian
	['passage'] = 'pages', -- French
	['pagina'] = 'pages', -- Italian
	['pagine'] = 'pages', -- Italian
	['périodique'] = 'publisher', -- French
	['plublisher'] = 'publisher',
	['pmcid'] = 'pmc',
	['praca'] = 'work', -- Polish
	['prénom'] = 'first', -- French
	['prénom1'] = 'first1', -- French
	['ps'] = 'postscript',
	['pub'] = 'publisher',
	['pulbication-place'] = 'publication-place',
	['reihe'] = 'series', -- German
	['retrieved'] = 'access-date',
	['rok'] = 'date', -- Polish
	['sammelwerk'] = 'work', -- German
	['seiten'] = 'pages', -- German
	['seria'] = 'series', -- Polish
	['série'] = 'work', -- French *RECHECK*
	['service'] = 'agency',
	['sitioweb'] = 'website', --Spanish
	['stron'] = 'page', -- Polish
	['strony'] = 'pages', -- Polish
	['spalten'] = 'at', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated)
	['sprache'] = 'language', -- German
	['suscripción'] = 'subscription', -- Spanish, Polish
	['tag'] = 'date', -- German
	['tile'] = 'title',
	['tite'] = 'title',
	['titel'] = 'title', -- German
	['titel-p'] = 'title', -- German ('postscript=none' should be added as well)
	['titelerg'] = 'contribution', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated)
	['titolo'] = 'title', -- Spanish, Italian
	['titre'] = 'title', -- French
	['títle'] = 'title',
	['título'] = 'title', -- Spanish
	['transchapter'] = 'trans-chapter',
	['translator'] = 'others',
	['transtitle'] = 'trans-title',
	['typ'] = 'author-mask', -- German (not a direct replacement, but the only valid argument 'typ=wl' can be emulated using 'author-mask')
	['tytuł'] = 'title', -- Polish
	['ubicación'] = 'location', -- Spanish
	['urlarchivo'] = 'archive-url', -- Spanish
	['urlarchivio'] = 'archive-url', -- Italian
	['urn'] = 'id', -- German (as 'id={{URN|...}}') (not yet supported by us directly)
	['übersetzer'] = 'translator', -- German (singular and plural)
	['verlag'] = 'publisher', -- German
	['vol'] = 'volume', 
	['volumen'] = 'volume', -- Spanish
	['werk'] = 'work', -- German
	['werkerg'] = 'contribution', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated)
	['wkautore'] = 'author-link', -- Italian
	['wolumin'] = 'volume', -- Polish
	['wydanie'] = 'number', -- Polish
	['wydawca'] = 'publisher', -- French
	['zaprezentowany'] = 'publisher', -- French
	['zdb'] = 'id', -- German (as 'id={{ZDB|...}}') (not yet supported by us directly)
	['zitat'] = 'quote', -- German
	['zugriff'] = 'access-date', -- German
}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A T T E R N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Here we use Lua patterns to make suggestions.  The form is ['pattern'] = 'correct',

Lua patterns are not regex though they are similar.  The escape character is '%', not '\'.  For more information about
lua patterns, see: Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns

Patterns should probably always include the '^' and '$' anchor assertions to prevent a partial match from incorrectly
suggesting the wrong parameter name.  For instance, the pattern 'a[utho]+r' matches 'author' in the no-longer-supported
parameter |author-separator= so the code suggests '|author='; the same pattern also matches the no-longer-supported
parameter |separator= (returning 'ator') so again, the code suggests '|author='.

One capture is supported, typically the enumerator from an enumerated parameter (the '6' in |author6=, etc.)  The value from the
capture replaces $1 in the 'correct' value.

]]

local patterns = {
	['^ac+es+ ?d?a?t?e?$'] = 'access-date',
	['^a[utho]+r$'] = 'author',
	['^a[utho]+r(%d+)$'] = 'author$1', -- enumerated
	['^pu[blish]+ers?$'] = 'publisher',
	}

return {suggestions = suggestions, patterns=patterns};</text>
      <sha1>js6xozslbdgyigcumx6taxh33cortcl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Bold</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5595</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32121</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T22:07:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32121</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="323" sha1="jhbv1h6fd9kjc1d4eovhzvnxrpqq09r" xml:space="preserve">&lt;strong {{#if:{{{role|}}}|role=&quot;{{{role}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class=&quot;{{{class}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id=&quot;{{{id}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style=&quot;{{{style}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title=&quot;{{{title}}}&quot;}}&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jhbv1h6fd9kjc1d4eovhzvnxrpqq09r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:T</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5596</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32544</id>
      <parentid>32122</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T10:05:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Template:T]]&quot; ([Edit=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>32122</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130" sha1="l18lcpxl9yp7374no45fuw4mlj4d4rm" xml:space="preserve">{{bold|{{Sub&lt;noinclude/&gt;st:PAGENAME}}}} i tiko ra [[{{{1}}}]].
{{{2}}}

{{{{{1}}}}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:{{{1}}}]]</text>
      <sha1>l18lcpxl9yp7374no45fuw4mlj4d4rm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Vunblist</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5597</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Unbulleted list" />
    <revision>
      <id>32127</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T22:23:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>32127</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="sy7gpx7d7kqdajwjgzwwun860bryyvc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Unbulleted list]]</text>
      <sha1>sy7gpx7d7kqdajwjgzwwun860bryyvc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Nq</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5598</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32128</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T22:25:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nastaliq</comment>
      <origin>32128</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3131" sha1="d7k7zr1m05jbexff6rzqx7zlhem7xhk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;Nastaliq&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|ur}}}}}
 | fa = title=&quot;Persian Nastaliq&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'IranNastaliq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';

 | ota = title=&quot;Ottoman Nastaliq&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'IranNastaliq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';

 | bsk = title=&quot;Burushaski Nastaliq&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';

 | ps = title=&quot;Pashto Nastaliq&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';

 | skr = title=&quot;Saraiki Nastaliq&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';

 | skr_rnoon = title=&quot;Saraiki Nastaliq&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Fajer Noori Nastalique', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';

 | ur = title=&quot;{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|ur|Urdu&amp;#32;|}}Nastaliq&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';

}} font-size: {{{size|125%}}}; font-style: normal; {{{style|}}}&quot;&gt;{{{1|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#x202C;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d7k7zr1m05jbexff6rzqx7zlhem7xhk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Big</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5599</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32129</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T22:26:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new template</comment>
      <origin>32129</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="177" sha1="h2e0f82fasmre1wg7mmooho2xrnyw8f" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 120%;&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h2e0f82fasmre1wg7mmooho2xrnyw8f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Nastaliq</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5600</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Nq" />
    <revision>
      <id>32130</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T22:28:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>32130</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="8ch5xh8ikv4xrnavpwgglni2siziqal" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:nq]]</text>
      <sha1>8ch5xh8ikv4xrnavpwgglni2siziqal</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Lang-en</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5601</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32131</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T22:29:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32131</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="184" sha1="liwuuj3hqwl91swzl0o3yk1yom8ueku" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit
|code=en
|link=no
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- place category and language links on the /doc sub-page --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>liwuuj3hqwl91swzl0o3yk1yom8ueku</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Both</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5602</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32135</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-07T22:45:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32135</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="123" sha1="a92g9dgn74wuyygsul02g6cnq29em4t" xml:space="preserve">{{SAFESUBST:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{1|}}}|{{SAFESUBST:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}|1}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a92g9dgn74wuyygsul02g6cnq29em4t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Pages with script errors</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5606</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32147</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-08T08:37:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;This contains paged with script errors&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32147</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="ab78v0inwq9mty35200kd5osic4aajs" xml:space="preserve">This contains paged with script errors</text>
      <sha1>ab78v0inwq9mty35200kd5osic4aajs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Roy's tools</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5607</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32151</id>
      <parentid>32150</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-08T08:56:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Correction</comment>
      <origin>32151</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="158" sha1="t68pgnoa4sfg5cqqcrywe4o5mhkaf6b" xml:space="preserve">local foo={}
function foo.drsroy()
	local data = mw.loader.load( &quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India&amp;action=raw&quot;) 
	return &quot;..data&quot;
end
return p</text>
      <sha1>t68pgnoa4sfg5cqqcrywe4o5mhkaf6b</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bahrain</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5608</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37162</id>
      <parentid>36201</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-03-04T07:22:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Farhan Okarvi</username>
        <id>9409</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4921" sha1="7amt6cds4v3oarff45gs2x8a9j88wwc" xml:space="preserve">{{bold|Bahrain}} i tiko ra [[Axiya]].
{{Infobox tiko
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Bahrain
| common_name = Bahrain
| native_name = {{native name|ar|مملكة البحرين|italics=off}}&lt;br&gt;''{{transl|ar|Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn}}''
| image_flag = Flag of Bahrain.svg
| alt_flag = 
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Bahrain.svg
| symbol_type = Coat of arms
| national_motto = 
| national_anthem = {{lang|ar|نشيد البحرين الوطني}}&lt;br /&gt;''[[Bahrainona]]''&lt;br/&gt;''Our Bahrain''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:Bahraini Anthem.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
| royal_anthem = 
| image_map = Bahrain on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color= circled in red}}
| image_map2 = Bahrain_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_BHR_-_UNOCHA.svg
| capital = [[Manama]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|26|13|N|50|35|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = [[Manama]]
| official_languages = [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
  | 50.7% [[Arab]] (46% Bahraini, 4.7% other Arabs)
  | 45.5% South Asian
  | 1% European
  | 1.2% Other }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;/&gt;
| religion = [[Islam in Bahrain|Islam]]
| demonym = Bahraini
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Constitutional monarchy|constitutional]] [[monarchy]]
| leader_title1 = [[King of Bahrain|King]]
| leader_name1 = [[Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa]]
| leader_title2 = [[Line of succession to the Bahraini throne|Crown Prince]]
| leader_name2 = [[Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa]]
| leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Bahrain|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name3 = [[Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa]]
| legislature = [[National Assembly of Bahrain|National Assembly]]
| upper_house = [[Consultative Council of Bahrain|Consultative Council]]
| lower_house = [[Council of Representatives of Bahrain|Council of Representatives]]
| sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
| established_event1 = Declared Independence&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19710815-1.2.11.aspx|title=Bahrain ends special pact|date=15 August 1971|publisher=[[The Straits Times]]|accessdate= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_date1 = 14 August 1971
| established_event2 = from [[United Kingdom]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;/&gt;
| established_date2 = 15 August 1971
| established_event3 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 296|Admitted to the]] [[United Nations]]
| established_date3 = 21 September 1971
| established_event4 = Kingdom of Bahrain
| established_date4 = 14 February 2002
| area_km2 = 765.3
| area_rank = 173rd
| area_sq_mi = 295.48
| percent_water = negligible
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Bahrain}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 1,234,571&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.census2010.gov.bh/results_en.php|title=Bahraini Census 2010 – تعداد السكــان العام للبحريــن 2010|publisher=|access-date=2018-08-08|archive-date=2018-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041338/http://www.census2010.gov.bh/results_en.php|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 150th
| population_census_year = 2010
| population_density_km2 = 2,007.1   
| population_density_sq_mi = 5,198.4 
| population_density_rank = 7th      
| GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$100.922 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&amp;ey=2019&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=419&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=86&amp;pr.y=0|title=Bahrain |publisher=International Monetary Fund}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 96th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $51,956&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 13th
| GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$37.841 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;}}
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_rank = 98th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $25,764&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 31st
| Gini = 
| Gini_year = 
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = 
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.824
| HDI_year = 2015
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2015 |year=2015 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=14 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 47th
| currency = [[Bahraini dinar]]
| currency_code = BHD
| time_zone = [[Arabia Standard Time|AST]]
| utc_offset = +3
| utc_offset_DST = 
| DST_note = 
| time_zone_DST = 
| date_format = 
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Bahrain|+973]]
| cctld = [[.bh]]
| official_website = www.bahrain.bh
| footnote_a = Since 17 November 1967.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ltXZAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=bahrain+driving+right+1968&amp;focus=searchwithinvolume&amp;q=bahrain+driving+right+1967 ''Bahrain Government Annual Reports''], Volume 8, Archive Editions, 1987, page 92&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_magnitude = 
}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}{{Axiya}}
[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>7amt6cds4v3oarff45gs2x8a9j88wwc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bangladesh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5609</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39222</id>
      <parentid>39214</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-02-12T05:53:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>20041027 tatsu</username>
        <id>7418</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/103.132.185.209|103.132.185.209]] ([[User talk:103.132.185.209|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]]</comment>
      <origin>36916</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7752" sha1="puf87slmc3l9u2vcgi3qeht13ozgv3z" xml:space="preserve">{{bold|Bangladesh}} i tiko ra [[Axiya]].
{{coord|23.8|90.3|display=title}}
{{Infobox tiko
| conventional_long_name = People's Republic of Bangladesh
| common_name = Bangladesh
| native_name = {{unbulleted list |{{nobold|{{native name|bn|গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ|italics=off}}}} |{{small|''Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh''}}}}
| image_flag = Flag of Bangladesh.svg
| image_coat = National emblem of Bangladesh.svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| other_symbol = {{unbulleted list |[[File:Government Seal of Bangladesh.svg|90x90px|Seal of the Government of Bangladesh]]}}
| other_symbol_type = {{vunblist |[[Government Seal of Bangladesh]]}}
| national_anthem = {{native phrase|bn|&quot;[[Amar Sonar Bangla]]&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;My Golden Bengal&quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:Amar Sonar Bangla - official vocal music of the National anthem of Bangladesh.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
----
{{center|'''March:''' &quot;[[Notuner Gaan]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;The Song of Youth&quot;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;national march&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=NATIONAL SYMBOLS→National march|work=Bangladesh Tourism Board|location=Bangladesh|publisher=Ministry of Civil Aviation &amp; Tourism|url=http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/|quote=In 13 January 1972, the ministry of Bangladesh has adopted this song as a national marching song on its first meeting after the country's independence.|access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=28 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228040953/http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| image_map = Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map2 = Bangladesh - Location Map (2013) - BGD - UNOCHA.svg
| map_width = 220px
| capital = [[Dhaka]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|23|42|N|90|21|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = Dhaka
| official_languages = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh|chapter=Article 3. The state language|url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=367&amp;sections_id=24550|website=bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd|publisher=Ministry of Law, The People's Republic of Bangladesh|accessdate=1 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |90.4% [[Islam]] {{small|(Official)}} |8.5% [[Hinduism]] |0.6% [[Buddhism]] |0.4% [[Christianity]]}}
| religion_year = 2011&lt;ref name=&quot;বাংলাদেশ&quot;/&gt;
| ethnic_groups = {{vunblist
 | 98% [[Bengalis]]
 | {{collapsible list
     |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;
     |title= 2% minorities
 | [[Chakma people|Chakmas]] | [[Biharis in Bangladesh|Biharis]] | [[Marma people|Marmas]] | [[Santhal people|Santhals]] | [[Mro people|Mros]] | [[Tanchangya people|Tanchangyas]] | [[Bawm people|Bawms]] | [[Tripuri people|Tripuris]] | [[Khumi people|Khumis]] | [[Kuki people|Kukis]] | [[Garo people|Garos]] | [[Bisnupriya Manipuri people|Bisnupriya Manipuris]] | [[Indians in Bangladesh|Indians]] | [[Chinese people in Bangladesh|Chinese]]
     }}
}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2011&lt;ref name=&quot;বাংলাদেশকে জানুন&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/site/page/812d94a8-0376-4579-a8f1-a1f66fa5df5d/বাংলাদেশকে-জানুন |script-title=জানুন |language=bn |trans-title=Discover Bangladesh |publisher=National Web Portal of Bangladesh |accessdate=13 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym = [[Bangladeshi]]
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Bangladesh|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Abdul Hamid (politician)|Abdul Hamid]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Sheikh Hasina]]
| leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad|House Speaker]]
| leader_name3 = [[Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury|Shirin Chaudhury]]
| leader_title4 = [[Chief Justice of Bangladesh|Chief Justice]]
| leader_name4 = [[Syed Mahmud Hossain]]
| legislature = [[Jatiya Sangsad]]
| sovereignty_type = &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;[[History of Bangladesh|Formation]] and [[Bangladesh Liberation War|independence]]&lt;/div&gt;
| established_event1 = [[East Bengal]]
| established_date1 = 14 August 1947
| established_event2 = [[East Pakistan]]
| established_date2 = 14 October 1955
| established_event3 = [[Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence|Independence]]
| established_date3 = 26 March 1971
| established_event4 = [[Victory day of Bangladesh|Recognized]]
| established_date4 = 16 December 1971
| established_event5 = [[Constitution of Bangladesh|Constitution]]
| established_date5 = 4 November 1972
| area_km2 = 147,570&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dghs.gov.bd/images/docs/Publicaations/HB%202016%20_2nd_edition_13_01_17.pdf |title=Health Bulletin 2016 |website=Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) |page=13 |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613050056/http://dghs.gov.bd/images/docs/Publicaations/HB%202016%20_2nd_edition_13_01_17.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank = 92nd
| area_sq_mi = 56,992.54 
| percent_water = 6.4
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Bangladesh}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 149,772,364&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx Data] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904045106/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx |date=4 September 2011 }}. Census – Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 8th
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_census_rank = 8th
| population_density_km2 = 1,106
| population_density_sq_mi = 2,864.5
| population_density_rank = 10th
| GDP_PPP = $751.949 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=21&amp;pr.y=6&amp;sy=2016&amp;ey=2023&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=513&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Bangladesh|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[IMF]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 31st
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,561&lt;ref name=&quot;imf&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 139th
| GDP_nominal = $285.817 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 43rd
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,754&lt;ref name=&quot;imf&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 148th
| Gini = 32.1 
| Gini_year = 2010
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archivedate=9 February 2015 |accessdate=2 March 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.579 
| HDI_year = 2015 
| HDI_change = increase 
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2016 |date=2016 |accessdate=6 April 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = {{ordinal|139}}
| currency = [[Bangladeshi taka|Taka]] ({{lang|bn|৳}})
| currency_code = BDT
| time_zone = [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
| utc_offset = +6
| date_format = {{unbulleted list |dd-mm-yyyy |[[Bengali Era|BS]]&amp;nbsp;{{lang|bn|দদ-মম-বববব}} {{small|([[Common Era|CE]]−594)}}}}
| drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Bangladesh|left]]
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Bangladesh|+880]]
| cctld = [[.bd]]&lt;br /&gt;{{lang|bn|[[.bangla|.বাংলা]]}}
| official_website = {{URL|bangladesh.gov.bd}}
| area_magnitude = 
| footnote = 
}}

{{Axiya}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>puf87slmc3l9u2vcgi3qeht13ozgv3z</sha1>
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  </page>
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      <timestamp>2018-08-08T20:15:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect</comment>
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      <text bytes="38" sha1="sy7gpx7d7kqdajwjgzwwun860bryyvc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Unbulleted list]]</text>
      <sha1>sy7gpx7d7kqdajwjgzwwun860bryyvc</sha1>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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      <timestamp>2018-08-08T20:18:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
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 |{{{countryprefix}}}&amp;nbsp;
}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;{{#ifexist:{{{country}}}
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}}&lt;/span&gt;{{#if:{{{region|{{{legend|}}}}}}
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 }}{{#switch:{{{region|none}}}
  | none =
  | Europe
  | [[Europe]]
  | in Europe
  | in [[Europe]]
  | on the European continent
  | on the [[Europe|European continent]] = in [[Europe]]
  | Pacific
  | [[Pacific]]
  | the Pacific
  | the [[Pacific]]
  | the Pacific Ocean = in the [[Pacific Ocean]]
  | Middle East
  | [[Middle East]]
  | Arctic Circle
  | [[Arctic Circle]]
  | Pacific Ocean
  | [[Pacific Ocean]] = in the {{#ifexist:{{{region}}}|[[{{{region}}}]]|{{{region}}}}}
  | #default = in {{#ifexist:{{{region}}}
   |[[{{{region}}}]]
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 }}{{#if:{{{legend|}}}
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   | [[EU]]
   | the EU
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   | the European Union 
   | the [[European Union]] = {{#ifeq:{{{subregion_color|tan}}}|tan
    |{{spaces|16}}&amp;thinsp;
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32157</origin>
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{{documentation}}
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    <title>Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters</title>
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        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Use of Infobox tiko&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32158</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="bjxocitrzvh393lv0eec979ep59piwp" xml:space="preserve">Use of Infobox tiko</text>
      <sha1>bjxocitrzvh393lv0eec979ep59piwp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afganistan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5615</id>
    <redirect title="Afghanistan" />
    <revision>
      <id>32169</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T12:44:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Var spelling</comment>
      <origin>32169</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="hlzuprx1gj5rpaziq59bjzsnyt5rssc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Afghanistan]]</text>
      <sha1>hlzuprx1gj5rpaziq59bjzsnyt5rssc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Documentation, template</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5618</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Translation needed" />
    <revision>
      <id>32178</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:07:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dr. Sroy moved page [[Template:Documentation, template]] to [[Template:Translation needed]]: Meaningless title was given</comment>
      <origin>32178</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="chjsx70es1ucxa6cpm7ftepwrxkteqw" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Translation needed]]</text>
      <sha1>chjsx70es1ucxa6cpm7ftepwrxkteqw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Pages where expansion depth is exceeded</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5619</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32180</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:43:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New category</comment>
      <origin>32180</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="58" sha1="7sqq90uv60fwc28ued9rr5t7h4j8lgn" xml:space="preserve">Following are the Pages where expansion depth is exceeded.</text>
      <sha1>7sqq90uv60fwc28ued9rr5t7h4j8lgn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Matluka lama kayivelaka xikombandlela xa tinhlokomhaka</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5620</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32181</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:44:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created blank page</comment>
      <origin>32181</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Wikipedia metatemplates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5621</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32182</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:45:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New category</comment>
      <origin>32182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="51" sha1="99fpfpggvlmzjhczalihf6ozzgg4m0r" xml:space="preserve">Wikipedia meta templates list present in this wiki.</text>
      <sha1>99fpfpggvlmzjhczalihf6ozzgg4m0r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Project boxes</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5622</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32183</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:46:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New category</comment>
      <origin>32183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="akfucasu90mbktlpguh8pstvl97qd6s" xml:space="preserve">List project boxes templates</text>
      <sha1>akfucasu90mbktlpguh8pstvl97qd6s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:CS1 errors: dates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5623</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32184</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:48:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New category</comment>
      <origin>32184</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" sha1="kdi651ve8milako2squrqxgynqgdlw8" xml:space="preserve">Pages with Citation errors in dates.</text>
      <sha1>kdi651ve8milako2squrqxgynqgdlw8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Country data templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5624</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32185</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:49:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New category</comment>
      <origin>32185</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" sha1="5wwxj3agru2weiuenq76ozdmb09dg3s" xml:space="preserve">List of countries having &quot;country data&quot; in this wiki.</text>
      <sha1>5wwxj3agru2weiuenq76ozdmb09dg3s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:@</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5625</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32188</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:55:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32188</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="273" sha1="eg78my3nxzh37evi3sylleswabugyaa" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;{{{1|&lt;noinclude&gt;account&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}[[File:At sign.svg|15px|@|link=]]{{{2|&lt;noinclude&gt;example.com&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>eg78my3nxzh37evi3sylleswabugyaa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:No spam</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5626</id>
    <redirect title="Template:@" />
    <revision>
      <id>32189</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T13:56:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Shortcut</comment>
      <origin>32189</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="qv56xwmpofyupnnez3xm14crpyxqfyr" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:@]]</text>
      <sha1>qv56xwmpofyupnnez3xm14crpyxqfyr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-morebits.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5627</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37529</id>
      <parentid>34583</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-05-15T19:20:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jon (WMF)</username>
        <id>9580</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing usage of tipsy in preparation for [[phab:T336019]]</comment>
      <origin>37529</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="124366" sha1="93x99c3q1h9h7g19gehen61cfrbksif" xml:space="preserve">// &lt;nowiki&gt;
/**
 * morebits.js
 * ===========
 * A library full of lots of goodness for user scripts on MediaWiki wikis, including Wikipedia.
 *
 * The highlights include:
 *   - Morebits.quickForm class - generates quick HTML forms on the fly
 *   - Morebits.wiki.api class - makes calls to the MediaWiki API
 *   - Morebits.wiki.page class - modifies pages on the wiki (edit, revert, delete, etc.)
 *   - Morebits.wikitext class - contains some utilities for dealing with wikitext
 *   - Morebits.status class - a rough-and-ready status message displayer, used by the Morebits.wiki classes
 *   - Morebits.simpleWindow class - a wrapper for jQuery UI Dialog with a custom look and extra features
 *
 * Dependencies:
 *   - The whole thing relies on jQuery.  But most wikis should provide this by default.
 *   - Morebits.quickForm, Morebits.simpleWindow, and Morebits.status rely on the &quot;morebits.css&quot; file for their styling.
 *   - Morebits.simpleWindow relies on jquery UI Dialog (ResourceLoader module name 'jquery.ui').
 *   - Morebits.quickForm tooltips rely on Tipsy (ResourceLoader module name 'jquery.tipsy').
 *     For external installations, Tipsy is available at [http://onehackoranother.com/projects/jquery/tipsy].
 *   - To create a gadget based on morebits.js, use this syntax in MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition:
 *       * GadgetName[ResourceLoader|dependencies=mediawiki.user,mediawiki.util,jquery.ui,jquery.tipsy]|morebits.js|morebits.css|GadgetName.js
 *
 * Most of the stuff here doesn't work on IE &lt; 9.  It is your script's responsibility to enforce this.
 *
 * This library is maintained by the maintainers of Twinkle.
 * For queries, suggestions, help, etc., head to [[Wikipedia talk:Twinkle]] on Tsonga Wikipedia [https://ts.wikipedia.org]
 * or head on to English wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org] 
 * The latest development source is available at [https://github.com/azatoth/twinkle/blob/master/morebits.js
 * Adapted and developed on the Tsonga wiki by User:Dr. Sroy ,ie. William Steve Roy  aka. Arkaprabha Sinha Roy  [https://ts:wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dr. Sroy
 * 
 */


( function ( window, document, $, undefined ) { // Wrap entire file with anonymous function

var Morebits = {};
window.Morebits = Morebits;  // allow global access


/**
 * **************** Morebits.userIsInGroup() ****************
 * Simple helper function to see what groups a user might belong
 */

Morebits.userIsInGroup = function ( group ) {
	return mw.config.get( 'wgUserGroups' ).indexOf( group ) !== -1;
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.sanitizeIPv6() ****************
 * JavaScript translation of the MediaWiki core function IP::sanitizeIP() in
 * includes/utils/IP.php.
 * Converts an IPv6 address to the canonical form stored and used by MediaWiki.
 */

Morebits.sanitizeIPv6 = function ( address ) {
	address = address.trim();
	if ( address === '' ) {
		return null;
	}
	if ( !mw.util.isIPv6Address( address ) ) {
		return address; // nothing else to do for IPv4 addresses or invalid ones
	}
	// Remove any whitespaces, convert to upper case
	address = address.toUpperCase();
	// Expand zero abbreviations
	var abbrevPos = address.indexOf( '::' );
	if ( abbrevPos &gt; -1 ) {
		// We know this is valid IPv6. Find the last index of the
		// address before any CIDR number (e.g. &quot;a:b:c::/24&quot;).
		var CIDRStart = address.indexOf( '/' );
		var addressEnd = ( CIDRStart &gt; -1 ) ? CIDRStart - 1 : address.length - 1;
		// If the '::' is at the beginning...
		var repeat, extra, pad;
		if ( abbrevPos === 0 ) {
			repeat = '0:';
			extra = ( address == '::' ) ? '0' : ''; // for the address '::'
			pad = 9; // 7+2 (due to '::')
		// If the '::' is at the end...
		} else if ( abbrevPos === ( addressEnd - 1 ) ) {
			repeat = ':0';
			extra = '';
			pad = 9; // 7+2 (due to '::')
		// If the '::' is in the middle...
		} else {
			repeat = ':0';
			extra = ':';
			pad = 8; // 6+2 (due to '::')
		}
		var replacement = repeat;
		pad -= address.split( ':' ).length - 1;
		for ( var i = 1; i &lt; pad; i++ ) {
			replacement += repeat;
		}
		replacement += extra;
		address = address.replace( '::', replacement );
	}
	// Remove leading zeros from each bloc as needed
	address = address.replace( /(^|:)0+([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})/g, '$1$2' );

	return address;
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.quickForm ****************
 * Morebits.quickForm is a class for creation of simple and standard forms without much
 * specific coding.
 *
 * Index to Morebits.quickForm element types:
 *
 *   select    A combo box (aka drop-down).
 *              - Attributes: name, label, multiple, size, list, event
 *   option    An element for a combo box.
 *              - Attributes: value, label, selected, disabled
 *   optgroup  A group of &quot;option&quot;s.
 *              - Attributes: label, list
 *   field     A fieldset (aka group box).
 *              - Attributes: name, label, disabled
 *   checkbox  A checkbox. Must use &quot;list&quot; parameter.
 *              - Attributes: name, list, event
 *              - Attributes (within list): name, label, value, checked, disabled, event, subgroup
 *   radio     A radio button. Must use &quot;list&quot; parameter.
 *              - Attributes: name, list, event
 *              - Attributes (within list): name, label, value, checked, disabled, event, subgroup
 *   input     A text box.
 *              - Attributes: name, label, value, size, disabled, readonly, maxlength, event
 *   dyninput  A set of text boxes with &quot;Remove&quot; buttons and an &quot;Add&quot; button.
 *              - Attributes: name, label, min, max, sublabel, value, size, maxlength, event
 *   hidden    An invisible form field.
 *              - Attributes: name, value
 *   header    A level 5 header.
 *              - Attributes: label
 *   div       A generic placeholder element or label.
 *              - Attributes: name, label
 *   submit    A submit button. Morebits.simpleWindow moves these to the footer of the dialog.
 *              - Attributes: name, label, disabled
 *   button    A generic button.
 *              - Attributes: name, label, disabled, event
 *   textarea  A big, multi-line text box.
 *              - Attributes: name, label, value, cols, rows, disabled, readonly
 *   fragment  A DocumentFragment object.
 *              - No attributes, and no global attributes except adminonly
 *
 * Global attributes: id, className, style, tooltip, extra, adminonly
 */

Morebits.quickForm = function QuickForm( event, eventType ) {
	this.root = new Morebits.quickForm.element( { type: 'form', event: event, eventType:eventType } );
};

Morebits.quickForm.prototype.render = function QuickFormRender() {
	var ret = this.root.render();
	ret.names = {};
	return ret;
};

Morebits.quickForm.prototype.append = function QuickFormAppend( data ) {
	return this.root.append( data );
};

Morebits.quickForm.element = function QuickFormElement( data ) {
	this.data = data;
	this.childs = [];
	this.id = Morebits.quickForm.element.id++;
};

Morebits.quickForm.element.id = 0;

Morebits.quickForm.element.prototype.append = function QuickFormElementAppend( data ) {
	var child;
	if( data instanceof Morebits.quickForm.element ) {
		child = data;
	} else {
		child = new Morebits.quickForm.element( data );
	}
	this.childs.push( child );
	return child;
};

// This should be called without parameters: form.render()
Morebits.quickForm.element.prototype.render = function QuickFormElementRender( internal_subgroup_id ) {
	var currentNode = this.compute( this.data, internal_subgroup_id );

	for( var i = 0; i &lt; this.childs.length; ++i ) {
		// do not pass internal_subgroup_id to recursive calls
		currentNode[1].appendChild( this.childs[i].render() );
	}
	return currentNode[0];
};

Morebits.quickForm.element.prototype.compute = function QuickFormElementCompute( data, in_id ) {
	var node;
	var childContainder = null;
	var label;
	var id = ( in_id ? in_id + '_' : '' ) + 'node_' + this.id;
	if( data.adminonly &amp;&amp; !Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ) {
		// hell hack alpha
		data.type = 'hidden';
	}

	var i, current, subnode;
	switch( data.type ) {
	case 'form':
		node = document.createElement( 'form' );
		node.className = &quot;quickform&quot;;
		node.setAttribute( 'action', 'javascript:void(0);');
		if( data.event ) {
			node.addEventListener( data.eventType || 'submit', data.event , false );
		}
		break;
	case 'fragment':
		node = document.createDocumentFragment();
		// fragments can't have any attributes, so just return it straight away
		return [ node, node ];
	case 'select':
		node = document.createElement( 'div' );

		node.setAttribute( 'id', 'div_' + id );
		if( data.label ) {
			label = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'label' ) );
			label.setAttribute( 'for', id );
			label.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data.label ) );
		}
		var select = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'select' ) );
		if( data.event ) {
			select.addEventListener( 'change', data.event, false );
		}
		if( data.multiple ) {
			select.setAttribute( 'multiple', 'multiple' );
		}
		if( data.size ) {
			select.setAttribute( 'size', data.size );
		}
		select.setAttribute( 'name', data.name );

		if( data.list ) {
			for( i = 0; i &lt; data.list.length; ++i ) {

				current = data.list[i];

				if( current.list ) {
					current.type = 'optgroup';
				} else {
					current.type = 'option';
				}

				subnode = this.compute( current );
				select.appendChild( subnode[0] );
			}
		}
		childContainder = select;
		break;
	case 'option':
		node = document.createElement( 'option' );
		node.values = data.value;
		node.setAttribute( 'value', data.value );
		if( data.selected ) {
			node.setAttribute( 'selected', 'selected' );
		}
		if( data.disabled ) {
			node.setAttribute( 'disabled', 'disabled' );
		}
		node.setAttribute( 'label', data.label );
		node.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data.label ) );
		break;
	case 'optgroup':
		node = document.createElement( 'optgroup' );
		node.setAttribute( 'label', data.label );

		if( data.list ) {
			for( i = 0; i &lt; data.list.length; ++i ) {

				current = data.list[i];
				current.type = 'option'; //must be options here

				subnode = this.compute( current );
				node.appendChild( subnode[0] );
			}
		}
		break;
	case 'field':
		node = document.createElement( 'fieldset' );
		label = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'legend' ) );
		label.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data.label ) );
		if( data.name ) {
			node.setAttribute( 'name', data.name );
		}
		if( data.disabled ) {
			node.setAttribute( 'disabled', 'disabled' );
		}
		break;
	case 'checkbox':
	case 'radio':
		node = document.createElement( 'div' );
		if( data.list ) {
			for( i = 0; i &lt; data.list.length; ++i ) {
				var cur_id = id + '_' + i;
				current = data.list[i];
				var cur_div;
				if( current.type === 'header' ) {
					// inline hack
					cur_div = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'h6' ) );
					cur_div.appendChild( document.createTextNode( current.label ) );
					if( current.tooltip ) {
						Morebits.quickForm.element.generateTooltip( cur_div , current );
					}
					continue;
				}
				cur_div = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'div' ) );
				subnode = cur_div.appendChild( document.createElement( 'input' ) );
				subnode.values = current.value;
				subnode.setAttribute( 'value', current.value );
				subnode.setAttribute( 'name', current.name || data.name );
				subnode.setAttribute( 'type', data.type );
				subnode.setAttribute( 'id', cur_id );

				if( current.checked ) {
					subnode.setAttribute( 'checked', 'checked' );
				}
				if( current.disabled ) {
					subnode.setAttribute( 'disabled', 'disabled' );
				}
				label = cur_div.appendChild( document.createElement( 'label' ) );
				label.appendChild( document.createTextNode( current.label ) );
				label.setAttribute( 'for', cur_id );
				if( current.tooltip ) {
					Morebits.quickForm.element.generateTooltip( label, current );
				}
				// styles go on the label, doesn't make sense to style a checkbox/radio
				if( current.style ) {
					label.setAttribute( 'style', current.style );
				}

				var event;
				if( current.subgroup ) {
					var tmpgroup = current.subgroup;

					if( ! $.isArray( tmpgroup ) ) {
						tmpgroup = [ tmpgroup ];
					}

					var subgroupRaw = new Morebits.quickForm.element({
						type: 'div',
						id: id + '_' + i + '_subgroup'
					});
					$.each( tmpgroup, function( idx, el ) {
						var newEl = $.extend( {}, el );
						if( ! newEl.type ) {
							newEl.type = data.type;
						}
						newEl.name = (current.name || data.name) + '.' + newEl.name;
						subgroupRaw.append( newEl );
					} );

					var subgroup = subgroupRaw.render( cur_id );
					subgroup.className = &quot;quickformSubgroup&quot;;
					subnode.subgroup = subgroup;
					subnode.shown = false;

					event = function(e) {
						if( e.target.checked ) {
							e.target.parentNode.appendChild( e.target.subgroup );
							if( e.target.type === 'radio' ) {
								var name = e.target.name;
								if( e.target.form.names[name] !== undefined ) {
									e.target.form.names[name].parentNode.removeChild( e.target.form.names[name].subgroup );
								}
								e.target.form.names[name] = e.target;
							}
						} else {
							e.target.parentNode.removeChild( e.target.subgroup );
						}
					};
					subnode.addEventListener( 'change', event, true );
					if( current.checked ) {
						subnode.parentNode.appendChild( subgroup );
					}
				} else if( data.type === 'radio' ) {
					event = function(e) {
						if( e.target.checked ) {
							var name = e.target.name;
							if( e.target.form.names[name] !== undefined ) {
								e.target.form.names[name].parentNode.removeChild( e.target.form.names[name].subgroup );
							}
							delete e.target.form.names[name];
						}
					};
					subnode.addEventListener( 'change', event, true );
				}
				// add users' event last, so it can interact with the subgroup
				if( data.event ) {
					subnode.addEventListener( 'change', data.event, false );
				} else if ( current.event ) {
					subnode.addEventListener( 'change', current.event, true );
				}
			}
		}
		break;
	case 'input':
		node = document.createElement( 'div' );
		node.setAttribute( 'id', 'div_' + id );

		if( data.label ) {
			label = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'label' ) );
			label.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data.label ) );
			label.setAttribute( 'for', id );
		}

		subnode = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'input' ) );
		if( data.value ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'value', data.value );
		}
		subnode.setAttribute( 'name', data.name );
		subnode.setAttribute( 'id', id );
		subnode.setAttribute( 'type', 'text' );
		if( data.size ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'size', data.size );
		}
		if( data.disabled ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'disabled', 'disabled' );
		}
		if( data.readonly ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'readonly', 'readonly' );
		}
		if( data.maxlength ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'maxlength', data.maxlength );
		}
		if( data.event ) {
			subnode.addEventListener( 'keyup', data.event, false );
		}
		break;
	case 'dyninput':
		var min = data.min || 1;
		var max = data.max || Infinity;

		node = document.createElement( 'div' );

		label = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'h5' ) );
		label.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data.label ) );

		var listNode = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'div' ) );

		var more = this.compute( {
				type: 'button',
				label: 'more',
				disabled: min &gt;= max,
				event: function(e) {
					var new_node =  new Morebits.quickForm.element( e.target.sublist );
					e.target.area.appendChild( new_node.render() );

					if( ++e.target.counter &gt;= e.target.max ) {
						e.target.setAttribute( 'disabled', 'disabled' );
					}
					e.stopPropagation();
				}
			} );

		node.appendChild( more[0] );
		var moreButton = more[1];

		var sublist = {
			type: '_dyninput_element',
			label: data.sublabel || data.label,
			name: data.name,
			value: data.value,
			size: data.size,
			remove: false,
			maxlength: data.maxlength,
			event: data.event
		};

		for( i = 0; i &lt; min; ++i ) {
			var elem = new Morebits.quickForm.element( sublist );
			listNode.appendChild( elem.render() );
		}
		sublist.remove = true;
		sublist.morebutton = moreButton;
		sublist.listnode = listNode;

		moreButton.sublist = sublist;
		moreButton.area = listNode;
		moreButton.max = max - min;
		moreButton.counter = 0;
		break;
	case '_dyninput_element': // Private, similar to normal input
		node = document.createElement( 'div' );

		if( data.label ) {
			label = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'label' ) );
			label.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data.label ) );
			label.setAttribute( 'for', id );
		}

		subnode = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'input' ) );
		if( data.value ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'value', data.value );
		}
		subnode.setAttribute( 'name', data.name );
		subnode.setAttribute( 'type', 'text' );
		if( data.size ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'size', data.size );
		}
		if( data.maxlength ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'maxlength', data.maxlength );
		}
		if( data.event ) {
			subnode.addEventListener( 'keyup', data.event, false );
		}
		if( data.remove ) {
			var remove = this.compute( {
					type: 'button',
					label: 'remove',
					event: function(e) {
						var list = e.target.listnode;
						var node = e.target.inputnode;
						var more = e.target.morebutton;

						list.removeChild( node );
						--more.counter;
						more.removeAttribute( 'disabled' );
						e.stopPropagation();
					}
				} );
			node.appendChild( remove[0] );
			var removeButton = remove[1];
			removeButton.inputnode = node;
			removeButton.listnode = data.listnode;
			removeButton.morebutton = data.morebutton;
		}
		break;
	case 'hidden':
		node = document.createElement( 'input' );
		node.setAttribute( 'type', 'hidden' );
		node.values = data.value;
		node.setAttribute( 'value', data.value );
		node.setAttribute( 'name', data.name );
		break;
	case 'header':
		node = document.createElement( 'h5' );
		node.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data.label ) );
		break;
	case 'div':
		node = document.createElement( 'div' );
		if (data.name) {
			node.setAttribute( 'name', data.name );
		}
		if (data.label) {
			if ( ! $.isArray( data.label ) ) {
				data.label = [ data.label ];
			}
			var result = document.createElement( 'span' );
			result.className = 'quickformDescription';
			for( i = 0; i &lt; data.label.length; ++i ) {
				if( typeof data.label[i] === 'string' ) {
					result.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data.label[i] ) );
				} else if( data.label[i] instanceof Element ) {
					result.appendChild( data.label[i] );
				}
			}
			node.appendChild( result );
		}
		break;
	case 'submit':
		node = document.createElement( 'span' );
		childContainder = node.appendChild(document.createElement( 'input' ));
		childContainder.setAttribute( 'type', 'submit' );
		if( data.label ) {
			childContainder.setAttribute( 'value', data.label );
		}
		childContainder.setAttribute( 'name', data.name || 'submit' );
		if( data.disabled ) {
			childContainder.setAttribute( 'disabled', 'disabled' );
		}
		break;
	case 'button':
		node = document.createElement( 'span' );
		childContainder = node.appendChild(document.createElement( 'input' ));
		childContainder.setAttribute( 'type', 'button' );
		if( data.label ) {
			childContainder.setAttribute( 'value', data.label );
		}
		childContainder.setAttribute( 'name', data.name );
		if( data.disabled ) {
			childContainder.setAttribute( 'disabled', 'disabled' );
		}
		if( data.event ) {
			childContainder.addEventListener( 'click', data.event, false );
		}
		break;
	case 'textarea':
		node = document.createElement( 'div' );
		node.setAttribute( 'id', 'div_' + id );
		if( data.label ) {
			label = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'h5' ) );
			label.appendChild( document.createTextNode( data.label ) );
			// TODO need to nest a &lt;label&gt; tag in here without creating extra vertical space
			//label.setAttribute( 'for', id );
		}
		subnode = node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'textarea' ) );
		subnode.setAttribute( 'name', data.name );
		if( data.cols ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'cols', data.cols );
		}
		if( data.rows ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'rows', data.rows );
		}
		if( data.disabled ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'disabled', 'disabled' );
		}
		if( data.readonly ) {
			subnode.setAttribute( 'readonly', 'readonly' );
		}
		if( data.value ) {
			subnode.value = data.value;
		}
		break;
	default:
		throw new Error(&quot;Morebits.quickForm: unknown element type &quot; + data.type.toString());
	}

	if( !childContainder ) {
		childContainder = node;
	}
	if( data.tooltip ) {
		Morebits.quickForm.element.generateTooltip( label || node , data );
	}

	if( data.extra ) {
		childContainder.extra = data.extra;
	}
	if( data.style ) {
		childContainder.setAttribute( 'style', data.style );
	}
	if( data.className ) {
		childContainder.className = ( childContainder.className ?
			childContainder.className + &quot; &quot; + data.className :
			data.className );
	}
	childContainder.setAttribute( 'id', data.id || id );

	return [ node, childContainder ];
};

Morebits.quickForm.element.autoNWSW = function() {
	return $(this).offset().top &gt; ($(document).scrollTop() + $(window).height() / 2) ? 'sw' : 'nw';
};

Morebits.quickForm.element.generateTooltip = function QuickFormElementGenerateTooltip( node, data ) {
	$('&lt;span/&gt;', {
			'class': 'ui-icon ui-icon-help ui-icon-inline morebits-tooltip'
		}).appendTo(node);
};

/**
 * Some utility methods for manipulating quickForms after their creation
 * (None of them work for &quot;dyninput&quot; type fields at present)
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.getElements(form, fieldName)
 *    Returns all form elements with a given field name or ID
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.getCheckboxOrRadio(elementArray, value)
 *    Searches the array of elements for a checkbox or radio button with a certain |value| attribute
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.getElementContainer(element)
 *    Returns the &lt;div&gt; containing the form element, or the form element itself
 *    May not work as expected on checkboxes or radios
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.getElementLabelObject(element)
 *    Gets the HTML element that contains the label of the given form element (mainly for internal use)
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.getElementLabel(element)
 *    Gets the label text of the element
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.setElementLabel(element, labelText)
 *    Sets the label of the element to the given text
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.overrideElementLabel(element, temporaryLabelText)
 *    Stores the element's current label, and temporarily sets the label to the given text
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.resetElementLabel(element)
 *    Restores the label stored by overrideElementLabel
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility(element, visibility)
 *    Shows or hides a form element plus its label and tooltip
 *
 * Morebits.quickForm.setElementTooltipVisibility(element, visibility)
 *    Shows or hides the &quot;question mark&quot; icon next to a form element
 */

Morebits.quickForm.getElements = function QuickFormGetElements(form, fieldName) {
	var $form = $(form);
	var $elements = $form.find('[name=&quot;' + fieldName + '&quot;]');
	if ($elements.length &gt; 0) {
		return $elements.toArray();
	}
	$elements = $form.find('#' + fieldName);
	if ($elements.length &gt; 0) {
		return $elements.toArray();
	}
	return null;
};

Morebits.quickForm.getCheckboxOrRadio = function QuickFormGetCheckboxOrRadio(elementArray, value) {
	var found = $.grep(elementArray, function(el) {
		return el.value === value;
	});
	if (found.length &gt; 0) {
		return found[0];
	}
	return null;
};

Morebits.quickForm.getElementContainer = function QuickFormGetElementContainer(element) {
	// for divs, headings and fieldsets, the container is the element itself
	if (element instanceof HTMLFieldSetElement || element instanceof HTMLDivElement ||
			element instanceof HTMLHeadingElement) {
		return element;
	}

	// for others, just return the parent node
	return element.parentNode;
};

Morebits.quickForm.getElementLabelObject = function QuickFormGetElementLabelObject(element) {
	// for buttons, divs and headers, the label is on the element itself
	if (element.type === &quot;button&quot; || element.type === &quot;submit&quot; ||
			element instanceof HTMLDivElement || element instanceof HTMLHeadingElement) {
		return element;

	// for fieldsets, the label is the child &lt;legend&gt; element
	} else if (element instanceof HTMLFieldSetElement) {
		return element.getElementsByTagName(&quot;legend&quot;)[0];

	// for textareas, the label is the sibling &lt;h5&gt; element
	} else if (element instanceof HTMLTextAreaElement) {
		return element.parentNode.getElementsByTagName(&quot;h5&quot;)[0];

	// for others, the label is the sibling &lt;label&gt; element
	} else {
		return element.parentNode.getElementsByTagName(&quot;label&quot;)[0];
	}

	return null;
};

Morebits.quickForm.getElementLabel = function QuickFormGetElementLabel(element) {
	var labelElement = Morebits.quickForm.getElementLabelObject(element);

	if (!labelElement) {
		return null;
	}
	return labelElement.firstChild.textContent;
};

Morebits.quickForm.setElementLabel = function QuickFormSetElementLabel(element, labelText) {
	var labelElement = Morebits.quickForm.getElementLabelObject(element);

	if (!labelElement) {
		return false;
	}
	labelElement.firstChild.textContent = labelText;
	return true;
};

Morebits.quickForm.overrideElementLabel = function QuickFormOverrideElementLabel(element, temporaryLabelText) {
	if (!element.hasAttribute(&quot;data-oldlabel&quot;)) {
		element.setAttribute(&quot;data-oldlabel&quot;, Morebits.quickForm.getElementLabel(element));
	}
	return Morebits.quickForm.setElementLabel(element, temporaryLabelText);
};

Morebits.quickForm.resetElementLabel = function QuickFormResetElementLabel(element) {
	if (element.hasAttribute(&quot;data-oldlabel&quot;)) {
		return Morebits.quickForm.setElementLabel(element, element.getAttribute(&quot;data-oldlabel&quot;));
	}
	return null;
};

Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility = function QuickFormSetElementVisibility(element, visibility) {
	$(element).toggle(visibility);
};

Morebits.quickForm.setElementTooltipVisibility = function QuickFormSetElementTooltipVisibility(element, visibility) {
	$(Morebits.quickForm.getElementContainer(element)).find(&quot;.morebits-tooltip&quot;).toggle(visibility);
};


/**
 * **************** HTMLFormElement ****************
 *
 * getChecked:
 *   XXX Doesn't seem to work reliably across all browsers at the moment. -- see getChecked2 in twinkleunlink.js, which is better
 *
 *   Returns an array containing the values of elements with the given name, that has it's
 *   checked property set to true. (i.e. a checkbox or a radiobutton is checked), or select options
 *   that have selected set to true. (don't try to mix selects with radio/checkboxes, please)
 *   Type is optional and can specify if either radio or checkbox (for the event
 *   that both checkboxes and radiobuttons have the same name.
 */

HTMLFormElement.prototype.getChecked = function( name, type ) {
	var elements = this.elements[name];
	if( !elements ) {
		// if the element doesn't exists, return null.
		return null;
	}
	var return_array = [];
	var i;
	if( elements instanceof HTMLSelectElement ) {
		var options = elements.options;
		for( i = 0; i &lt; options.length; ++i ) {
			if( options[i].selected ) {
				if( options[i].values ) {
					return_array.push( options[i].values );
				} else {
					return_array.push( options[i].value );
				}

			}
		}
	} else if( elements instanceof HTMLInputElement ) {
		if( type &amp;&amp; elements.type !== type ) {
			return [];
		} else if( elements.checked ) {
			return [ elements.value ];
		}
	} else {
		for( i = 0; i &lt; elements.length; ++i ) {
			if( elements[i].checked ) {
				if( type &amp;&amp; elements[i].type !== type ) {
					continue;
				}
				if( elements[i].values ) {
					return_array.push( elements[i].values );
				} else {
					return_array.push( elements[i].value );
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return return_array;
};


/**
 * **************** RegExp ****************
 *
 * RegExp.escape: Will escape a string to be used in a RegExp
 */

RegExp.escape = function( text, space_fix ) {
	text = mw.RegExp.escape(text);

	// Special MediaWiki escape - underscore/space are often equivalent
	if( space_fix ) {
		text = text.replace( / |_/g, '[_ ]' );
	}

	return text;
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.bytes ****************
 * Utility object for formatting byte values
 */

Morebits.bytes = function( value ) {
	if( typeof value === 'string' ) {
		var res = /(\d+) ?(\w?)(i?)B?/.exec( value );
		var number = res[1];
		var mag = res[2];
		var si = res[3];

		if( !number ) {
			this.number = 0;
			return;
		}

		if( !si ) {
			this.value = number * Math.pow( 10, Morebits.bytes.magnitudes[mag] * 3 );
		} else {
			this.value = number * Math.pow( 2, Morebits.bytes.magnitudes[mag] * 10 );
		}
	} else {
		this.value = value;
	}
};

Morebits.bytes.magnitudes = {
	'': 0,
	'K': 1,
	'M': 2,
	'G': 3,
	'T': 4,
	'P': 5,
	'E': 6,
	'Z': 7,
	'Y': 8
};

Morebits.bytes.rmagnitudes = {
	0: '',
	1: 'K',
	2: 'M',
	3: 'G',
	4: 'T',
	5: 'P',
	6: 'E',
	7: 'Z',
	8: 'Y'
};

Morebits.bytes.prototype.valueOf = function() {
	return this.value;
};

Morebits.bytes.prototype.toString = function( magnitude ) {
	var tmp = this.value;
	if( magnitude ) {
		var si = /i/.test(magnitude);
		var mag = magnitude.replace( /.*?(\w)i?B?.*/g, '$1' );
		if( si ) {
			tmp /= Math.pow( 2, Morebits.bytes.magnitudes[mag] * 10 );
		} else {
			tmp /= Math.pow( 10, Morebits.bytes.magnitudes[mag] * 3 );
		}
		if( parseInt( tmp, 10 ) !== tmp ) {
			tmp = Number( tmp ).toPrecision( 4 );
		}
		return tmp + ' ' + mag + (si?'i':'') + 'B';
	} else {
		// si per default
		var current = 0;
		while( tmp &gt;= 1024 ) {
			tmp /= 1024;
			++current;
		}
		tmp = this.value / Math.pow( 2, current * 10 );
		if( parseInt( tmp, 10 ) !== tmp ) {
			tmp = Number( tmp ).toPrecision( 4 );
		}
		return tmp + ' ' + Morebits.bytes.rmagnitudes[current] + ( current &gt; 0 ? 'iB' : 'B' );
	}
};


/**
 * **************** String; Morebits.string ****************
 */

if (!String.prototype.trimLeft) {
	String.prototype.trimLeft = function stringPrototypeLtrim( ) {
		return this.replace( /^[\s]+/g, &quot;&quot; );
	};
}

if (!String.prototype.trimRight) {
	String.prototype.trimRight = function stringPrototypeRtrim( ) {
		return this.replace( /[\s]+$/g, &quot;&quot; );
	};
}

if (!String.prototype.trim) {
	String.prototype.trim = function stringPrototypeTrim( ) {
		return this.trimRight().trimLeft();
	};
}

Morebits.string = {
	// Helper functions to change case of a string
	toUpperCaseFirstChar: function(str) {
		str = str.toString();
		return str.substr( 0, 1 ).toUpperCase() + str.substr( 1 );
	},
	toLowerCaseFirstChar: function(str) {
		str = str.toString();
		return str.substr( 0, 1 ).toLowerCase() + str.substr( 1 );
	},
	splitWeightedByKeys: function( str, start, end, skip ) {
		if( start.length !== end.length ) {
			throw new Error( 'start marker and end marker must be of the same length' );
		}
		var level = 0;
		var initial = null;
		var result = [];
		if( ! $.isArray( skip ) ) {
			if( skip === undefined ) {
				skip = [];
			} else if( typeof skip === 'string' ) {
				skip = [ skip ];
			} else {
				throw new Error( &quot;non-applicable skip parameter&quot; );
			}
		}
		for( var i  = 0; i &lt; str.length; ++i ) {
			for( var j = 0; j &lt; skip.length; ++j ) {
				if( str.substr( i, skip[j].length ) === skip[j] ) {
					i += skip[j].length - 1;
					continue;
				}
			}
			if( str.substr( i, start.length ) === start ) {
				if( initial === null ) {
					initial = i;
				}
				++level;
				i += start.length - 1;
			} else if( str.substr( i, end.length ) === end ) {
				--level;
				i += end.length - 1;
			}
			if( !level &amp;&amp; initial !== null ) {
				result.push( str.substring( initial, i + 1 ) );
				initial = null;
			}
		}

		return result;
	},
	// for deletion/other templates taking a freeform &quot;reason&quot; from a textarea (e.g. PROD, XFD, RPP)
	formatReasonText: function( str ) {
		var result = str.toString().trimRight();
		var unbinder = new Morebits.unbinder(result);
		unbinder.unbind(&quot;&lt;no&quot; + &quot;wiki&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;/no&quot; + &quot;wiki&gt;&quot;);
		unbinder.content = unbinder.content.replace(/\|/g, &quot;{{subst:!}}&quot;);
		return unbinder.rebind();
	},
	// a replacement for String.prototype.replace() when the second parameter (the
	// replacement string) is arbitrary, such as a username or freeform user input,
	// and may contain dollar signs
	safeReplace: function morebitsStringSafeReplace(string, pattern, replacement) {
		return string.replace(pattern, replacement.replace(/\$/g, &quot;$$$$&quot;));
	}
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.array ****************
 *
 * uniq(arr): returns a copy of the array with duplicates removed
 *
 * dups(arr): returns a copy of the array with the first instance of each value
 *            removed; subsequent instances of those values (duplicates) remain
 *
 * chunk(arr, size): breaks up |arr| into smaller arrays of length |size|, and
 *                   returns an array of these &quot;chunked&quot; arrays
 */

Morebits.array = {
	uniq: function(arr) {
		if ( ! $.isArray( arr ) ) {
			throw &quot;A non-array object passed to Morebits.array.uniq&quot;;
		}
		var result = [];
		for( var i = 0; i &lt; arr.length; ++i ) {
			var current = arr[i];
			if( result.indexOf( current ) === -1 ) {
				result.push( current );
			}
		}
		return result;
	},
	dups: function(arr) {
		if ( ! $.isArray( arr ) ) {
			throw &quot;A non-array object passed to Morebits.array.dups&quot;;
		}
		var uniques = [];
		var result = [];
		for( var i = 0; i &lt; arr.length; ++i ) {
			var current = arr[i];
			if( uniques.indexOf( current ) === -1 ) {
				uniques.push( current );
			} else {
				result.push( current );
			}
		}
		return result;
	},
	chunk: function( arr, size ) {
		if ( ! $.isArray( arr ) ) {
			throw &quot;A non-array object passed to Morebits.array.chunk&quot;;
		}
		if( typeof size !== 'number' || size &lt;= 0 ) { // pretty impossible to do anything :)
			return [ arr ]; // we return an array consisting of this array.
		}
		var result = [];
		var current;
		for( var i = 0; i &lt; arr.length; ++i ) {
			if( i % size === 0 ) { // when 'i' is 0, this is always true, so we start by creating one.
				current = [];
				result.push( current );
			}
			current.push( arr[i] );
		}
		return result;
	}
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.pageNameNorm ****************
 * Stores a normalized version of the wgPageName variable (underscores converted to spaces).
 * For queen/king/whatever and country!
 */
Morebits.pageNameNorm = mw.config.get('wgPageName').replace(/_/g, ' ');


/**
 * **************** Morebits.unbinder ****************
 * Used by Morebits.wikitext.page.commentOutImage
 */

Morebits.unbinder = function Unbinder( string ) {
	if( typeof string !== 'string' ) {
		throw new Error( &quot;not a string&quot; );
	}
	this.content = string;
	this.counter = 0;
	this.history = {};
	this.prefix = '%UNIQ::' + Math.random() + '::';
	this.postfix = '::UNIQ%';
};

Morebits.unbinder.prototype = {
	unbind: function UnbinderUnbind( prefix, postfix ) {
		var re = new RegExp( prefix + '(.*?)' + postfix, 'g' );
		this.content = this.content.replace( re, Morebits.unbinder.getCallback( this ) );
	},
	rebind: function UnbinderRebind() {
		var content = this.content;
		content.self = this;
		for( var current in this.history ) {
			if( this.history.hasOwnProperty( current ) ) {
				content = content.replace( current, this.history[current] );
			}
		}
		return content;
	},
	prefix: null, // %UNIQ::0.5955981644938324::
	postfix: null, // ::UNIQ%
	content: null, // string
	counter: null, // 0++
	history: null // {}
};

Morebits.unbinder.getCallback = function UnbinderGetCallback(self) {
	return function UnbinderCallback( match ) {
		var current = self.prefix + self.counter + self.postfix;
		self.history[current] = match;
		++self.counter;
		return current;
	};
};


/**
 * **************** Date ****************
 * Helper functions to get the month as a string instead of a number
 *
 * Normally it is poor form to play with prototypes of primitive types, but it
 * is fairly unlikely that anyone will iterate over a Date object.
 */

Date.monthNames = [
	'January',
	'February',
	'March',
	'April',
	'May',
	'June',
	'July',
	'August',
	'September',
	'October',
	'November',
	'December'
];

Date.monthNamesAbbrev = [
	'Jan',
	'Feb',
	'Mar',
	'Apr',
	'May',
	'Jun',
	'Jul',
	'Aug',
	'Sep',
	'Oct',
	'Nov',
	'Dec'
];

Date.prototype.getMonthName = function() {
	return Date.monthNames[ this.getMonth() ];
};

Date.prototype.getMonthNameAbbrev = function() {
	return Date.monthNamesAbbrev[ this.getMonth() ];
};

Date.prototype.getUTCMonthName = function() {
	return Date.monthNames[ this.getUTCMonth() ];
};

Date.prototype.getUTCMonthNameAbbrev = function() {
	return Date.monthNamesAbbrev[ this.getUTCMonth() ];
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.wikipedia ****************
 * Tsonga Wikipedia-specific objects
 */

Morebits.wikipedia = {};

Morebits.wikipedia.namespaces = {
	'-2':  'Media',
	'-1':  'Special',
	'0':   '',
	'1':   'Talk',
	'2':   'User',
	'3':   'User talk',
	'4':   'Project',
	'5':   'Project talk',
	'6':   'File',
	'7':   'File talk',
	'8':   'MediaWiki',
	'9':   'MediaWiki talk',
	'10':  'Template',
	'11':  'Template talk',
	'12':  'Help',
	'13':  'Help talk',
	'14':  'Category',
	'15':  'Category talk',
	'100': 'Portal',
	'101': 'Portal talk',
	'108': 'Book',
	'109': 'Book talk',
	'118': 'Draft',
	'119': 'Draft talk',
	'446': 'Education Program',
	'447': 'Education Program talk',
	'710': 'TimedText',
	'711': 'TimedText talk',
	'828': 'Module',
	'829': 'Module talk'
};

Morebits.wikipedia.namespacesFriendly = {
	'0':   '(Article)',
	'1':   'Talk',
	'2':   'User',
	'3':   'User talk',
	'4':   'Wikipedia',
	'5':   'Wikipedia talk',
	'6':   'File',
	'7':   'File talk',
	'8':   'MediaWiki',
	'9':   'MediaWiki talk',
	'10':  'Template',
	'11':  'Template talk',
	'12':  'Help',
	'13':  'Help talk',
	'14':  'Category',
	'15':  'Category talk',
	'100': 'Portal',
	'101': 'Portal talk',
	'108': 'Book',
	'109': 'Book talk',
	'118': 'Draft',
	'119': 'Draft talk',
	'446': 'Education Program',
	'447': 'Education Program talk',
	'710': 'TimedText',
	'711': 'TimedText talk',
	'828': 'Module',
	'829': 'Module talk'
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.wiki ****************
 * Various objects for wiki editing and API access
 */

Morebits.wiki = {};

// Determines whether the current page is a redirect or soft redirect
// (fails to detect soft redirects on edit, history, etc. pages)
Morebits.wiki.isPageRedirect = function wikipediaIsPageRedirect() {
	return !!(mw.config.get(&quot;wgIsRedirect&quot;) || document.getElementById(&quot;softredirect&quot;));
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted ****************
 *
 * Use of Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted():
 *    Every call to Morebits.wiki.api.post() results in the dispatch of
 *    an asynchronous callback. Each callback can in turn
 *    make an additional call to Morebits.wiki.api.post() to continue a
 *    processing sequence. At the conclusion of the final callback
 *    of a processing sequence, it is not possible to simply return to the
 *    original caller because there is no call stack leading back to
 *    the original context. Instead, Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.event() is
 *    called to display the result to the user and to perform an optional
 *    page redirect.
 *
 *    The determination of when to call Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.event()
 *    is managed through the globals Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft and
 *    Morebits.wiki.nbrOfCheckpointsLeft. Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft is
 *    incremented at the start of every Morebits.wiki.api call and decremented
 *    after the completion of a callback function. If a callback function
 *    does not create a new Morebits.wiki.api object before exiting, it is the
 *    final step in the processing chain and Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.event()
 *    will then be called.
 *
 *    Optionally, callers may use Morebits.wiki.addCheckpoint() to indicate that
 *    processing is not complete upon the conclusion of the final callback function.
 *    This is used for batch operations. The end of a batch is signaled by calling
 *    Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint().
 */

Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft = 0;
Morebits.wiki.nbrOfCheckpointsLeft = 0;

Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted = function( self ) {
	if( --Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft &lt;= 0 &amp;&amp; Morebits.wiki.nbrOfCheckpointsLeft &lt;= 0 ) {
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.event( self );
	}
};

// Change per action wanted
Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.event = function() {
	new Morebits.status( Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice, Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.postfix, 'info' );
	if( Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect ) {
		// if it isn't a URL, make it one. TODO: This breaks on the articles 'http://', 'ftp://', and similar ones.
		if( !( (/^\w+\:\/\//).test( Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect ) ) ) {
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.util.getUrl( Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect );
			if( Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.followRedirect === false ) {
				Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect += &quot;?redirect=no&quot;;
			}
		}
		window.setTimeout( function() { window.location = Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect; }, Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.timeOut );
	}
};

Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.timeOut = ( typeof window.wpActionCompletedTimeOut === 'undefined' ? 5000 : window.wpActionCompletedTimeOut );
Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = null;
Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = 'Action';
Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.postfix = 'completed';

Morebits.wiki.addCheckpoint = function() {
	++Morebits.wiki.nbrOfCheckpointsLeft;
};

Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint = function() {
	if( --Morebits.wiki.nbrOfCheckpointsLeft &lt;= 0 &amp;&amp; Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft &lt;= 0 ) {
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.event();
	}
};

/**
 * **************** Morebits.wiki.api ****************
 * An easy way to talk to the MediaWiki API.
 *
 * Constructor parameters:
 *    currentAction: the current action (required)
 *    query: the query (required)
 *    onSuccess: the function to call when request gotten
 *    statusElement: a Morebits.status object to use for status messages (optional)
 *    onError: the function to call if an error occurs (optional)
 */
Morebits.wiki.api = function( currentAction, query, onSuccess, statusElement, onError ) {
	this.currentAction = currentAction;
	this.query = query;
	this.query.format = 'xml';
	this.query.assert = 'user';
	this.onSuccess = onSuccess;
	this.onError = onError;
	if( statusElement ) {
		this.statelem = statusElement;
		this.statelem.status( currentAction );
	} else {
		this.statelem = new Morebits.status( currentAction );
	}
};

Morebits.wiki.api.prototype = {
	currentAction: '',
	onSuccess: null,
	onError: null,
	parent: window,  // use global context if there is no parent object
	query: null,
	responseXML: null,
	setParent: function(parent) { this.parent = parent; },  // keep track of parent object for callbacks
	statelem: null,  // this non-standard name kept for backwards compatibility
	statusText: null, // result received from the API, normally &quot;success&quot; or &quot;error&quot;
	errorCode: null, // short text error code, if any, as documented in the MediaWiki API
	errorText: null, // full error description, if any

	// post(): carries out the request
	// do not specify a parameter unless you really really want to give jQuery some extra parameters
	post: function( callerAjaxParameters ) {

		++Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft;

		var ajaxparams = $.extend( {}, {
			context: this,
			type: 'POST',
			url: mw.util.wikiScript('api'),
			data: Morebits.queryString.create(this.query),
			dataType: 'xml',
			headers: {
				'Api-User-Agent': morebitsWikiApiUserAgent
			}
		}, callerAjaxParameters );

		return $.ajax( ajaxparams ).done(
			function(xml, statusText, jqXHR) {
				this.statusText = statusText;
				this.responseXML = xml;
				this.errorCode = $(xml).find('error').attr('code');
				this.errorText = $(xml).find('error').attr('info');

				if (typeof this.errorCode === &quot;string&quot;) {

					// the API didn't like what we told it, e.g., bad edit token or an error creating a page
					this.returnError();
					return;
				}

				// invoke success callback if one was supplied
				if (this.onSuccess) {

					// set the callback context to this.parent for new code and supply the API object
					// as the first argument to the callback (for legacy code)
					this.onSuccess.call( this.parent, this );
				} else {
					this.statelem.info(&quot;done&quot;);
				}

				Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted();
			}
		).fail(
			// only network and server errors reach here – complaints from the API itself are caught in success()
			function(jqXHR, statusText, errorThrown) {
				this.statusText = statusText;
				this.errorThrown = errorThrown; // frequently undefined
				this.errorText = statusText + ' &quot;' + jqXHR.statusText + '&quot; occurred while contacting the API.';
				this.returnError();
			}
		);  // the return value should be ignored, unless using callerAjaxParameters with |async: false|
	},

	returnError: function() {
		if ( this.errorCode === &quot;badtoken&quot; ) {
			this.statelem.error( &quot;Invalid token. Refresh the page and try again&quot; );
		} else {
			this.statelem.error( this.errorText );
		}

		// invoke failure callback if one was supplied
		if (this.onError) {

			// set the callback context to this.parent for new code and supply the API object
			// as the first argument to the callback for legacy code
			this.onError.call( this.parent, this );
		}
		// don't complete the action so that the error remains displayed
	},

	getStatusElement: function() {
		return this.statelem;
	},

	getErrorCode: function() {
		return this.errorCode;
	},

	getErrorText: function() {
		return this.errorText;
	},

	getXML: function() {
		return this.responseXML;
	}
};

// Custom user agent header, used by WMF for server-side logging
// See https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/mediawiki-api-announce/2014-November/000075.html
var morebitsWikiApiUserAgent = 'morebits.js/2.0 ([[w:WT:TW]])';

// Sets the custom user agent header
Morebits.wiki.api.setApiUserAgent = function( ua ) {
	morebitsWikiApiUserAgent = ( ua ? ua + ' ' : '' ) + 'morebits.js/2.0 ([[w:WT:TW]])';
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.wiki.page ****************
 * Uses the MediaWiki API to load a page and optionally edit it, move it, etc.
 *
 * Callers are not permitted to directly access the properties of this class!
 * All property access is through the appropriate get___() or set___() method.
 *
 * Callers should set Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice and Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect
 * before the first call to Morebits.wiki.page.load().
 *
 * Each of the callback functions takes one parameter, which is a
 * reference to the Morebits.wiki.page object that registered the callback.
 * Callback functions may invoke any Morebits.wiki.page prototype method using this reference.
 *
 *
 * NOTE: This list of member functions is incomplete.
 *
 * Constructor: Morebits.wiki.page(pageName, currentAction)
 *    pageName - the name of the page, prefixed by the namespace (if any)
 *               (for the current page, use mw.config.get('wgPageName'))
 *    currentAction - a string describing the action about to be undertaken (optional)
 *
 * load(onSuccess, onFailure): Loads the text for the page
 *    onSuccess - callback function which is called when the load has succeeded
 *    onFailure - callback function which is called when the load fails (optional)
 *
 * save(onSuccess, onFailure): Saves the text for the page. Must be preceded by calling load().
 *    onSuccess - callback function which is called when the save has succeeded (optional)
 *    onFailure - callback function which is called when the save fails (optional)
 *    Warning: Calling save() can result in additional calls to the previous load() callbacks to
 *             recover from edit conflicts!
 *             In this case, callers must make the same edit to the new pageText and reinvoke save().
 *             This behavior can be disabled with setMaxConflictRetries(0).
 *
 * append(onSuccess, onFailure): Adds the text provided via setAppendText() to the end of the page.
 *                               Does not require calling load() first.
 *    onSuccess - callback function which is called when the method has succeeded (optional)
 *    onFailure - callback function which is called when the method fails (optional)
 *
 * prepend(onSuccess, onFailure): Adds the text provided via setPrependText() to the start of the page.
 *                                Does not require calling load() first.
 *    onSuccess - callback function which is called when the method has succeeded (optional)
 *    onFailure - callback function which is called when the method fails (optional)
 *
 * getPageName(): returns a string containing the name of the loaded page, including the namespace
 *
 * getPageText(): returns a string containing the text of the page after a successful load()
 *
 * setPageText(pageText)
 *    pageText - string containing the updated page text that will be saved when save() is called
 *
 * setAppendText(appendText)
 *    appendText - string containing the text that will be appended to the page when append() is called
 *
 * setPrependText(prependText)
 *    prependText - string containing the text that will be prepended to the page when prepend() is called
 *
 * setEditSummary(summary)
 *    summary - string containing the text of the edit summary that will be used when save() is called
 *
 * setMinorEdit(minorEdit)
 *    minorEdit is a boolean value:
 *       true  - When save is called, the resulting edit will be marked as &quot;minor&quot;.
 *       false - When save is called, the resulting edit will not be marked as &quot;minor&quot;. (default)
 *
 * setBotEdit(botEdit)
 *    botEdit is a boolean value:
 *       true  - When save is called, the resulting edit will be marked as &quot;bot&quot;.
 *       false - When save is called, the resulting edit will not be marked as &quot;bot&quot;. (default)
 *
 * setPageSection(pageSection)
 *    pageSection - integer specifying the section number to load or save. The default is |null|, which means
 *                  that the entire page will be retrieved.
 *
 * setMaxConflictRetries(maxRetries)
 *    maxRetries - number of retries for save errors involving an edit conflict or loss of edit token
 *    default: 2
 *
 * setMaxRetries(maxRetries)
 *    maxRetries - number of retries for save errors not involving an edit conflict or loss of edit token
 *    default: 2
 *
 * setCallbackParameters(callbackParameters)
 *    callbackParameters - an object for use in a callback function
 *
 * getCallbackParameters(): returns the object previous set by setCallbackParameters()
 *
 *    Callback notes: callbackParameters is for use by the caller only. The parameters
 *                    allow a caller to pass the proper context into its callback function.
 *                    Callers must ensure that any changes to the callbackParameters object
 *                    within a load() callback still permit a proper re-entry into the
 *                    load() callback if an edit conflict is detected upon calling save().
 *
 * getStatusElement(): returns the Status element created by the constructor
 *
 * setFollowRedirect(followRedirect)
 *    followRedirect is a boolean value:
 *       true  - a maximum of one redirect will be followed.
 *               In the event of a redirect, a message is displayed to the user and
 *               the redirect target can be retrieved with getPageName().
 *       false - the requested pageName will be used without regard to any redirect. (default)
 *
 * setWatchlist(watchlistOption)
 *    watchlistOption is a boolean value:
 *       true  - page will be added to the user's watchlist when save() is called
 *       false - watchlist status of the page will not be changed (default)
 *
 * setWatchlistFromPreferences(watchlistOption)
 *    watchlistOption is a boolean value:
 *       true  - page watchlist status will be set based on the user's
 *               preference settings when save() is called
 *       false - watchlist status of the page will not be changed (default)
 *
 *    Watchlist notes:
 *       1. The MediaWiki API value of 'unwatch', which explicitly removes the page from the
 *          user's watchlist, is not used.
 *       2. If both setWatchlist() and setWatchlistFromPreferences() are called,
 *          the last call takes priority.
 *       3. Twinkle modules should use the appropriate preference to set the watchlist options.
 *       4. Most Twinkle modules use setWatchlist().
 *          setWatchlistFromPreferences() is only needed for the few Twinkle watchlist preferences
 *          that accept a string value of 'default'.
 *
 * setCreateOption(createOption)
 *    createOption is a string value:
 *       'recreate'   - create the page if it does not exist, or edit it if it exists
 *       'createonly' - create the page if it does not exist, but return an error if it
 *                      already exists
 *       'nocreate'   - don't create the page, only edit it if it already exists
 *       null         - create the page if it does not exist, unless it was deleted in the moment
 *                      between retrieving the edit token and saving the edit (default)
 *
 * exists(): returns true if the page existed on the wiki when it was last loaded
 *
 * lookupCreator(onSuccess): Retrieves the username of the user who created the page
 *    onSuccess - callback function which is called when the username is found
 *                within the callback, the username can be retrieved using the getCreator() function
 *
 * getCreator(): returns the user who created the page following lookupCreator()
 *
 * getCurrentID(): returns a string containing the current revision ID of the page
 *
 * patrol(): marks the page as patrolled, if possible
 *
 * move(onSuccess, onFailure): Moves a page to another title
 *
 * deletePage(onSuccess, onFailure): Deletes a page (for admins only)
 *
 */

/**
 * Call sequence for common operations (optional final user callbacks not shown):
 *
 *    Edit current contents of a page (no edit conflict):
 *       .load(userTextEditCallback) -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post() -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post.success() -&gt;
 *             ctx.fnLoadSuccess() -&gt; userTextEditCallback() -&gt; .save() -&gt;
 *             ctx.saveApi.post() -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post.success() -&gt; ctx.fnSaveSuccess()
 *
 *    Edit current contents of a page (with edit conflict):
 *       .load(userTextEditCallback) -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post() -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post.success() -&gt;
 *             ctx.fnLoadSuccess() -&gt; userTextEditCallback() -&gt; .save() -&gt;
 *             ctx.saveApi.post() -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post.success() -&gt; ctx.fnSaveError() -&gt;
 *             ctx.loadApi.post() -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post.success() -&gt;
 *             ctx.fnLoadSuccess() -&gt; userTextEditCallback() -&gt; .save() -&gt;
 *             ctx.saveApi.post() -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post.success() -&gt; ctx.fnSaveSuccess()
 *
 *    Append to a page (similar for prepend):
 *       .append() -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post() -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post.success() -&gt;
 *             ctx.fnLoadSuccess() -&gt; ctx.fnAutoSave() -&gt; .save() -&gt;
 *             ctx.saveApi.post() -&gt; ctx.loadApi.post.success() -&gt; ctx.fnSaveSuccess()
 *
 *    Notes:
 *       1. All functions following Morebits.wiki.api.post() are invoked asynchronously
 *          from the jQuery AJAX library.
 *       2. The sequence for append/prepend could be slightly shortened, but it would require
 *          significant duplication of code for little benefit.
 */

Morebits.wiki.page = function(pageName, currentAction) {

	if (!currentAction) {
		currentAction = 'Opening page &quot;' + pageName + '&quot;';
	}

	/**
	 * Private context variables
	 *
	 * This context is not visible to the outside, thus all the data here
	 * must be accessed via getter and setter functions.
	 */
	var ctx = {
		 // backing fields for public properties
		pageName: pageName,
		pageExists: false,
		editSummary: null,
		callbackParameters: null,
		statusElement: new Morebits.status(currentAction),
		 // - edit
		pageText: null,
		editMode: 'all',  // save() replaces entire contents of the page by default
		appendText: null,   // can't reuse pageText for this because pageText is needed to follow a redirect
		prependText: null,  // can't reuse pageText for this because pageText is needed to follow a redirect
		createOption: null,
		minorEdit: false,
		botEdit: false,
		pageSection: null,
		maxConflictRetries: 2,
		maxRetries: 2,
		followRedirect: false,
		watchlistOption: 'nochange',
		creator: null,
		 // - revert
		revertOldID: null,
		 // - move
		moveDestination: null,
		moveTalkPage: false,
		moveSubpages: false,
		moveSuppressRedirect: false,
		 // - protect
		protectEdit: null,
		protectMove: null,
		protectCreate: null,
		protectCascade: false,
		 // - stabilize (FlaggedRevs)
		flaggedRevs: null,
		 // internal status
		pageLoaded: false,
		editToken: null,
		loadTime: null,
		lastEditTime: null,
		revertCurID: null,
		revertUser: null,
		fullyProtected: false,
		suppressProtectWarning: false,
		conflictRetries: 0,
		retries: 0,
		 // callbacks
		onLoadSuccess: null,
		onLoadFailure: null,
		onSaveSuccess: null,
		onSaveFailure: null,
		onLookupCreatorSuccess: null,
		onMoveSuccess: null,
		onMoveFailure: null,
		onDeleteSuccess: null,
		onDeleteFailure: null,
		onProtectSuccess: null,
		onProtectFailure: null,
		onStabilizeSuccess: null,
		onStabilizeFailure: null,
		 // internal objects
		loadQuery: null,
		loadApi: null,
		saveApi: null,
		lookupCreatorApi: null,
		moveApi: null,
		moveProcessApi: null,
		deleteApi: null,
		deleteProcessApi: null,
		protectApi: null,
		protectProcessApi: null,
		stabilizeApi: null,
		stabilizeProcessApi: null
	};

	var emptyFunction = function() { };

	/**
	 * Public interface accessors
	 */
	this.getPageName = function() {
		return ctx.pageName;
	};

	this.getPageText = function() {
		return ctx.pageText;
	};

	this.setPageText = function(pageText) {
		ctx.editMode = 'all';
		ctx.pageText = pageText;
	};

	this.setAppendText = function(appendText) {
		ctx.editMode = 'append';
		ctx.appendText = appendText;
	};

	this.setPrependText = function(prependText) {
		ctx.editMode = 'prepend';
		ctx.prependText = prependText;
	};

	this.setEditSummary = function(summary) {
		ctx.editSummary = summary;
	};

	this.setCreateOption = function(createOption) {
		ctx.createOption = createOption;
	};

	this.setMinorEdit = function(minorEdit) {
		ctx.minorEdit = minorEdit;
	};

	this.setBotEdit = function(botEdit) {
		ctx.botEdit = botEdit;
	};

	this.setPageSection = function(pageSection) {
		ctx.pageSection = pageSection;
	};

	this.setMaxConflictRetries = function(maxRetries) {
		ctx.maxConflictRetries = maxRetries;
	};

	this.setMaxRetries = function(maxRetries) {
		ctx.maxRetries = maxRetries;
	};

	this.setCallbackParameters = function(callbackParameters) {
		ctx.callbackParameters = callbackParameters;
	};

	this.getCallbackParameters = function() {
		return ctx.callbackParameters;
	};

	this.getCreator = function() {
		return ctx.creator;
	};

	this.setOldID = function(oldID) {
		ctx.revertOldID = oldID;
	};

	this.getCurrentID = function() {
		return ctx.revertCurID;
	};

	this.getRevisionUser = function() {
		return ctx.revertUser;
	};

	this.setMoveDestination = function(destination) {
		ctx.moveDestination = destination;
	};

	this.setMoveTalkPage = function(flag) {
		ctx.moveTalkPage = !!flag;
	};

	this.setMoveSubpages = function(flag) {
		ctx.moveSubpages = !!flag;
	};

	this.setMoveSuppressRedirect = function(flag) {
		ctx.moveSuppressRedirect = !!flag;
	};

	this.setEditProtection = function(level, expiry) {
		ctx.protectEdit = { level: level, expiry: expiry };
	};

	this.setMoveProtection = function(level, expiry) {
		ctx.protectMove = { level: level, expiry: expiry };
	};

	this.setCreateProtection = function(level, expiry) {
		ctx.protectCreate = { level: level, expiry: expiry };
	};

	this.setCascadingProtection = function(flag) {
		ctx.protectCascade = !!flag;
	};

	this.setFlaggedRevs = function(level, expiry) {
		ctx.flaggedRevs = { level: level, expiry: expiry };
	};

	this.getStatusElement = function() {
		return ctx.statusElement;
	};

	this.setFollowRedirect = function(followRedirect) {
		if (ctx.pageLoaded) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: cannot change redirect setting after the page has been loaded!&quot;);
			return;
		}
		ctx.followRedirect = followRedirect;
	};

	this.setWatchlist = function(flag) {
		if (flag) {
			ctx.watchlistOption = 'watch';
		} else {
			ctx.watchlistOption = 'nochange';
		}
	};

	this.setWatchlistFromPreferences = function(flag) {
		if (flag) {
			ctx.watchlistOption = 'preferences';
		} else {
			ctx.watchlistOption = 'nochange';
		}
	};

	this.suppressProtectWarning = function() {
		ctx.suppressProtectWarning = true;
	};

	this.exists = function() {
		return ctx.pageExists;
	};

	this.load = function(onSuccess, onFailure) {
		ctx.onLoadSuccess = onSuccess;
		ctx.onLoadFailure = onFailure || emptyFunction;

		// Need to be able to do something after the page loads
		if (!onSuccess) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: no onSuccess callback provided to load()!&quot;);
			ctx.onLoadFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		ctx.loadQuery = {
			action: 'query',
			prop: 'info|revisions',
			intoken: 'edit',  // fetch an edit token
			titles: ctx.pageName
			// don't need rvlimit=1 because we don't need rvstartid here and only one actual rev is returned by default
		};

		if (ctx.editMode === 'all') {
			ctx.loadQuery.rvprop = 'content|timestamp';  // get the page content at the same time, if needed
		} else if (ctx.editMode === 'revert') {
			ctx.loadQuery.rvprop = 'timestamp';
			ctx.loadQuery.rvlimit = 1;
			ctx.loadQuery.rvstartid = ctx.revertOldID;
		}

		if (ctx.followRedirect) {
			ctx.loadQuery.redirects = '';  // follow all redirects
		}
		if (typeof ctx.pageSection === 'number') {
			ctx.loadQuery.rvsection = ctx.pageSection;
		}
		if (Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop')) {
			ctx.loadQuery.inprop = 'protection';
		}

		ctx.loadApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;Retrieving page...&quot;, ctx.loadQuery, fnLoadSuccess, ctx.statusElement, ctx.onLoadFailure);
		ctx.loadApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.loadApi.post();
	};

	// Save updated .pageText to Wikipedia
	// Only valid after successful .load()
	this.save = function(onSuccess, onFailure) {
		ctx.onSaveSuccess = onSuccess;
		ctx.onSaveFailure = onFailure || emptyFunction;

		// are we getting our edit token from mw.user.tokens?
		var canUseMwUserToken = fnCanUseMwUserToken('edit');

		if (!ctx.pageLoaded &amp;&amp; !canUseMwUserToken) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: attempt to save a page that has not been loaded!&quot;);
			ctx.onSaveFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		if (!ctx.editSummary) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: edit summary not set before save!&quot;);
			ctx.onSaveFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		// shouldn't happen if canUseMwUserToken === true
		if (ctx.fullyProtected &amp;&amp; !ctx.suppressProtectWarning &amp;&amp;
			!confirm('You are about to make an edit to the fully protected page &quot;' + ctx.pageName +
			(ctx.fullyProtected === 'infinity' ? '&quot; (protected indefinitely)' : ('&quot; (protection expiring ' + ctx.fullyProtected + ')')) +
			'.  \n\nClick OK to proceed with the edit, or Cancel to skip this edit.')) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Edit to fully protected page was aborted.&quot;);
			ctx.onSaveFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		ctx.retries = 0;

		var query = {
			action: 'edit',
			title: ctx.pageName,
			summary: ctx.editSummary,
			token: canUseMwUserToken ? mw.user.tokens.get('csrfToken') : ctx.editToken,
			watchlist: ctx.watchlistOption
		};

		if (typeof ctx.pageSection === 'number') {
			query.section = ctx.pageSection;
		}

		// Set minor edit attribute. If these parameters are present with any value, it is interpreted as true
		if (ctx.minorEdit) {
			query.minor = true;
		} else {
			query.notminor = true;  // force Twinkle config to override user preference setting for &quot;all edits are minor&quot;
		}

		// Set bot edit attribute. If this paramter is present with any value, it is interpreted as true
		if (ctx.botEdit) {
			query.bot = true;
		}

		switch (ctx.editMode) {
		case 'append':
			query.appendtext = ctx.appendText;  // use mode to append to current page contents
			break;
		case 'prepend':
			query.prependtext = ctx.prependText;  // use mode to prepend to current page contents
			break;
		case 'revert':
			query.undo = ctx.revertCurID;
			query.undoafter = ctx.revertOldID;
			if (ctx.lastEditTime) {
				query.basetimestamp = ctx.lastEditTime; // check that page hasn't been edited since it was loaded
			}
			query.starttimestamp = ctx.loadTime; // check that page hasn't been deleted since it was loaded (don't recreate bad stuff)
			break;
		default:
			query.text = ctx.pageText; // replace entire contents of the page
			if (ctx.lastEditTime) {
				query.basetimestamp = ctx.lastEditTime; // check that page hasn't been edited since it was loaded
			}
			query.starttimestamp = ctx.loadTime; // check that page hasn't been deleted since it was loaded (don't recreate bad stuff)
			break;
		}

		if (['recreate', 'createonly', 'nocreate'].indexOf(ctx.createOption) !== -1) {
			query[ctx.createOption] = '';
		}

		if (canUseMwUserToken &amp;&amp; ctx.followRedirect) {
			query.redirect = true;
		}

		ctx.saveApi = new Morebits.wiki.api( &quot;Saving page...&quot;, query, fnSaveSuccess, ctx.statusElement, fnSaveError);
		ctx.saveApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.saveApi.post();
	};

	this.append = function(onSuccess, onFailure) {
		ctx.editMode = 'append';

		if (fnCanUseMwUserToken('edit')) {
			this.save(onSuccess, onFailure);
		} else {
			ctx.onSaveSuccess = onSuccess;
			ctx.onSaveFailure = onFailure || emptyFunction;
			this.load(fnAutoSave, ctx.onSaveFailure);
		}
	};

	this.prepend = function(onSuccess, onFailure) {
		ctx.editMode = 'prepend';

		if (fnCanUseMwUserToken('edit')) {
			this.save(onSuccess, onFailure);
		} else {
			ctx.onSaveSuccess = onSuccess;
			ctx.onSaveFailure = onFailure || emptyFunction;
			this.load(fnAutoSave, ctx.onSaveFailure);
		}
	};

	this.lookupCreator = function(onSuccess) {
		if (!onSuccess) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: no onSuccess callback provided to lookupCreator()!&quot;);
			return;
		}
		ctx.onLookupCreatorSuccess = onSuccess;

		var query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'prop': 'revisions',
			'titles': ctx.pageName,
			'rvlimit': 1,
			'rvprop': 'user',
			'rvdir': 'newer'
		};

		if (ctx.followRedirect) {
			query.redirects = '';  // follow all redirects
		}

		ctx.lookupCreatorApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;Retrieving page creator information&quot;, query, fnLookupCreatorSuccess, ctx.statusElement);
		ctx.lookupCreatorApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.lookupCreatorApi.post();
	};

	this.patrol = function() {
		// There's no patrol link on page, so we can't patrol
		if ( !$( '.patrollink' ).length ) {
			return;
		}

		// Extract the rcid token from the &quot;Mark page as patrolled&quot; link on page
		var patrolhref = $( '.patrollink a' ).attr( 'href' ),
			rcid = mw.util.getParamValue( 'rcid', patrolhref );

		if ( rcid ) {

			var patrolstat = new Morebits.status( 'Marking page as patrolled' );

			var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'doing...', {
				action: 'patrol',
				rcid: rcid,
				token: mw.user.tokens.get( 'patrolToken' )
			}, null, patrolstat );

			// We don't really care about the response
			wikipedia_api.post();
		}
	};

	this.revert = function(onSuccess, onFailure) {
		ctx.onSaveSuccess = onSuccess;
		ctx.onSaveFailure = onFailure || emptyFunction;

		if (!ctx.revertOldID) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: revision ID to revert to was not set before revert!&quot;);
			ctx.onSaveFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		ctx.editMode = 'revert';
		this.load(fnAutoSave, ctx.onSaveFailure);
	};

	this.move = function(onSuccess, onFailure) {
		ctx.onMoveSuccess = onSuccess;
		ctx.onMoveFailure = onFailure || emptyFunction;

		if (!ctx.editSummary) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: move reason not set before move (use setEditSummary function)!&quot;);
			ctx.onMoveFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		if (!ctx.moveDestination) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: destination page name was not set before move!&quot;);
			ctx.onMoveFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		var query = {
			action: 'query',
			prop: 'info',
			intoken: 'move',
			titles: ctx.pageName
		};
		if (ctx.followRedirect) {
			query.redirects = '';  // follow all redirects
		}
		if (Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop')) {
			query.inprop = 'protection';
		}

		ctx.moveApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;retrieving move token...&quot;, query, fnProcessMove, ctx.statusElement, ctx.onMoveFailure);
		ctx.moveApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.moveApi.post();
	};

	// |delete| is a reserved word in some flavours of JS
	this.deletePage = function(onSuccess, onFailure) {
		ctx.onDeleteSuccess = onSuccess;
		ctx.onDeleteFailure = onFailure || emptyFunction;

		// if a non-admin tries to do this, don't bother
		if (!Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop')) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Cannot delete page: only admins can do that&quot;);
			ctx.onDeleteFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		if (!ctx.editSummary) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: delete reason not set before delete (use setEditSummary function)!&quot;);
			ctx.onDeleteFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		if (fnCanUseMwUserToken('delete')) {
			fnProcessDelete.call(this, this);
		} else {
			var query = {
				action: 'query',
				prop: 'info',
				inprop: 'protection',
				intoken: 'delete',
				titles: ctx.pageName
			};
			if (ctx.followRedirect) {
				query.redirects = '';  // follow all redirects
			}

			ctx.deleteApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;retrieving delete token...&quot;, query, fnProcessDelete, ctx.statusElement, ctx.onDeleteFailure);
			ctx.deleteApi.setParent(this);
			ctx.deleteApi.post();
		}
	};

	this.protect = function(onSuccess, onFailure) {
		ctx.onProtectSuccess = onSuccess;
		ctx.onProtectFailure = onFailure || emptyFunction;

		// if a non-admin tries to do this, don't bother
		if (!Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop')) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Cannot protect page: only admins can do that&quot;);
			ctx.onProtectFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		if (!ctx.protectEdit &amp;&amp; !ctx.protectMove &amp;&amp; !ctx.protectCreate) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: you must set edit and/or move and/or create protection before calling protect()!&quot;);
			ctx.onProtectFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		if (!ctx.editSummary) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: protection reason not set before protect (use setEditSummary function)!&quot;);
			ctx.onProtectFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		// because of the way MW API interprets protection levels (absolute, not
		// differential), we need to request protection levels from the server
		var query = {
			action: 'query',
			prop: 'info',
			inprop: 'protection',
			intoken: 'protect',
			titles: ctx.pageName,
			watchlist: ctx.watchlistOption
		};
		if (ctx.followRedirect) {
			query.redirects = '';  // follow all redirects
		}

		ctx.protectApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;retrieving protect token...&quot;, query, fnProcessProtect, ctx.statusElement, ctx.onProtectFailure);
		ctx.protectApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.protectApi.post();
	};

	// apply FlaggedRevs protection-style settings
	// only works where $wgFlaggedRevsProtection = true (i.e. where FlaggedRevs
	// settings appear on the wiki's &quot;protect&quot; tab)
	this.stabilize = function(onSuccess, onFailure) {
		ctx.onStabilizeSuccess = onSuccess;
		ctx.onStabilizeFailure = onFailure || emptyFunction;

		// if a non-admin tries to do this, don't bother
		if (!Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop')) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Cannot apply FlaggedRevs settings: only admins can do that&quot;);
			ctx.onStabilizeFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		if (!ctx.flaggedRevs) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: you must set flaggedRevs before calling stabilize()!&quot;);
			ctx.onStabilizeFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		if (!ctx.editSummary) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Internal error: reason not set before calling stabilize() (use setEditSummary function)!&quot;);
			ctx.onStabilizeFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		var query = {
			action: 'query',
			prop: 'info|flagged',
			intoken: 'edit',
			titles: ctx.pageName
		};
		if (ctx.followRedirect) {
			query.redirects = '';  // follow all redirects
		}

		ctx.stabilizeApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;retrieving stabilize token...&quot;, query, fnProcessStabilize, ctx.statusElement, ctx.onStabilizeFailure);
		ctx.stabilizeApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.stabilizeApi.post();
	};

	/* Private member functions
	 *
	 * These are not exposed outside
	 */

	/**
	 * Determines whether we can save an API call by using the edit token sent with the page
	 * HTML, or whether we need to ask the server for more info (e.g. protection expiry).
	 *
	 * Currently only used for append, prepend, and deletePage.
	 *
	 * @param {string} action  The action being undertaken, e.g. &quot;edit&quot;, &quot;delete&quot;.
	 */
	var fnCanUseMwUserToken = function(action) {
		// API-based redirect resolution only works for action=query and
		// action=edit in append/prepend modes (and section=new, but we don't
		// really support that)
		if (ctx.followRedirect &amp;&amp; (action !== 'edit' ||
			(ctx.editMode !== 'append' &amp;&amp; ctx.editMode !== 'prepend'))) {
			return false;
		}

		// do we need to fetch the edit protection expiry?
		if (Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') &amp;&amp; !ctx.suppressProtectWarning) {
			// poor man's normalisation
			if (Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(mw.config.get('wgPageName')).replace(/ /g, '_').trim() !==
				Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(ctx.pageName).replace(/ /g, '_').trim()) {
				return false;
			}

			var editRestriction = mw.config.get('wgRestrictionEdit');
			if (!editRestriction || editRestriction.indexOf('sysop') !== -1) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		return !!mw.user.tokens.get('csrfToken');
	};

	// callback from loadSuccess() for append() and prepend() threads
	var fnAutoSave = function(pageobj) {
		pageobj.save(ctx.onSaveSuccess, ctx.onSaveFailure);
	};

	// callback from loadApi.post()
	var fnLoadSuccess = function() {
		var xml = ctx.loadApi.getXML();

		if ( !fnCheckPageName(xml, ctx.onLoadFailure) ) {
			return; // abort
		}

		ctx.pageExists = ($(xml).find('page').attr('missing') !== &quot;&quot;);
		if (ctx.pageExists) {
			ctx.pageText = $(xml).find('rev').text();
		} else {
			ctx.pageText = '';  // allow for concatenation, etc.
		}

		// extract protection info, to alert admins when they are about to edit a protected page
		if (Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop')) {
			var editprot = $(xml).find('pr[type=&quot;edit&quot;]');
			if (editprot.length &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; editprot.attr('level') === 'sysop') {
				ctx.fullyProtected = editprot.attr('expiry');
			} else {
				ctx.fullyProtected = false;
			}
		}

		ctx.editToken = $(xml).find('page').attr('edittoken');
		if (!ctx.editToken) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Failed to retrieve edit token.&quot;);
			ctx.onLoadFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		ctx.loadTime = $(xml).find('page').attr('starttimestamp');
		if (!ctx.loadTime) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Failed to retrieve start timestamp.&quot;);
			ctx.onLoadFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		ctx.lastEditTime = $(xml).find('rev').attr('timestamp');
		ctx.revertCurID = $(xml).find('page').attr('lastrevid');

		if (ctx.editMode === 'revert') {
			ctx.revertCurID = $(xml).find('rev').attr('revid');
			if (!ctx.revertCurID) {
				ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Failed to retrieve current revision ID.&quot;);
				ctx.onLoadFailure(this);
				return;
			}
			ctx.revertUser = $(xml).find('rev').attr('user');
			if (!ctx.revertUser) {
				if ($(xml).find('rev').attr('userhidden') === &quot;&quot;) {  // username was RevDel'd or oversighted
					ctx.revertUser = &quot;&lt;username hidden&gt;&quot;;
				} else {
					ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Failed to retrieve user who made the revision.&quot;);
					ctx.onLoadFailure(this);
					return;
				}
			}
			// set revert edit summary
			ctx.editSummary = &quot;[[Help:Revert|Reverted]] to revision &quot; + ctx.revertOldID + &quot; by &quot; + ctx.revertUser + &quot;: &quot; + ctx.editSummary;
		}

		ctx.pageLoaded = true;

		// alert(&quot;Generate edit conflict now&quot;);  // for testing edit conflict recovery logic
		ctx.onLoadSuccess(this);  // invoke callback
	};

	// helper function to parse the page name returned from the API
	var fnCheckPageName = function(xml, onFailure) {
		if (!onFailure) {
			onFailure = emptyFunction;
		}

		// check for invalid titles
		if ( $(xml).find('page').attr('invalid') === &quot;&quot; ) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;The page title is invalid: &quot; + ctx.pageName);
			onFailure(this);
			return false; // abort
		}

		// retrieve actual title of the page after normalization and redirects
		if ( $(xml).find('page').attr('title') ) {
			var resolvedName = $(xml).find('page').attr('title');

			// only notify user for redirects, not normalization
			if ( $(xml).find('redirects').length &gt; 0 ) {
				Morebits.status.info(&quot;Info&quot;, &quot;Redirected from &quot; + ctx.pageName + &quot; to &quot; + resolvedName );
			}
			ctx.pageName = resolvedName;  // always update in case of normalization
		}
		else {
			// could be a circular redirect or other problem
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Could not resolve redirects for: &quot; + ctx.pageName);
			onFailure(this);

			// force error to stay on the screen
			++Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft;
			return false; // abort
		}
		return true; // all OK
	};

	// callback from saveApi.post()
	var fnSaveSuccess = function() {
		ctx.editMode = 'all';  // cancel append/prepend/revert modes
		var xml = ctx.saveApi.getXML();

		// see if the API thinks we were successful
		if ($(xml).find('edit').attr('result') === &quot;Success&quot;) {

			// real success
			// default on success action - display link for edited page
			var link = document.createElement('a');
			link.setAttribute('href', mw.util.getUrl(ctx.pageName) );
			link.appendChild(document.createTextNode(ctx.pageName));
			ctx.statusElement.info(['completed (', link, ')']);
			if (ctx.onSaveSuccess) {
				ctx.onSaveSuccess(this);  // invoke callback
			}
			return;
		}

		// errors here are only generated by extensions which hook APIEditBeforeSave within MediaWiki
		// Wikimedia wikis should only return spam blacklist errors, captchas, and AbuseFilter messages
		var $editNode = $(xml).find('edit');
		var blacklist = $editNode.attr('spamblacklist');

		if (blacklist) {
			var code = document.createElement('code');
			code.style.fontFamily = &quot;monospace&quot;;
			code.appendChild(document.createTextNode(blacklist));
			ctx.statusElement.error(['Could not save the page because the URL ', code, ' is on the spam blacklist.']);
		} else if ( $(xml).find('captcha').length &gt; 0 ) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Could not save the page because the wiki server wanted you to fill out a CAPTCHA.&quot;);
		} else if ( $editNode.attr('code') === 'abusefilter-disallowed' ) {
			ctx.statusElement.error('The edit was disallowed by the edit filter rule &quot;' + $editNode.attr('info').substring(17) + '&quot;.');
		} else if ( $editNode.attr('info').indexOf('Hit AbuseFilter:') === 0 ) {
			var div = document.createElement('div');
			div.className = &quot;toccolours&quot;;
			div.style.fontWeight = &quot;normal&quot;;
			div.style.color = &quot;black&quot;;
			div.innerHTML = $editNode.attr('warning');
			ctx.statusElement.error([ 'The following warning was returned by the edit filter: ', div, 'If you wish to proceed with the edit, please carry it out again. This warning wil not appear a second time.' ]);
			// XXX provide the user with a way to automatically retry the action if they so choose -
			// I can't see how to do this without creating a UI dependency on Morebits.wiki.page though -- TTO
		} else {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Unknown error received from API while saving page&quot;);
		}

		// force error to stay on the screen
		++Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft;

		ctx.onSaveFailure(this);
	};

	// callback from saveApi.post()
	var fnSaveError = function() {

		var errorCode = ctx.saveApi.getErrorCode();

		// check for edit conflict
		if ( errorCode === &quot;editconflict&quot; &amp;&amp; ctx.conflictRetries++ &lt; ctx.maxConflictRetries ) {

			// edit conflicts can occur when the page needs to be purged from the server cache
			var purgeQuery = {
				action: 'purge',
				titles: ctx.pageName  // redirects are already resolved
			};

			var purgeApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;Edit conflict detected, purging server cache&quot;, purgeQuery, null, ctx.statusElement);
			var result = purgeApi.post( { async: false } );  // just wait for it, result is for debugging

			--Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft;  // allow for normal completion if retry succeeds

			ctx.statusElement.info(&quot;Edit conflict detected, reapplying edit&quot;);
			if (fnCanUseMwUserToken('edit')) {
				ctx.saveApi.post(); // necessarily append or prepend, so this should work as desired
			} else {
				ctx.loadApi.post(); // reload the page and reapply the edit
			}

		// check for loss of edit token
		// it's impractical to request a new token here, so invoke edit conflict logic when this happens
		} else if ( errorCode === &quot;notoken&quot; &amp;&amp; ctx.conflictRetries++ &lt; ctx.maxConflictRetries ) {

			ctx.statusElement.info(&quot;Edit token is invalid, retrying&quot;);
			--Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft;  // allow for normal completion if retry succeeds
			if (fnCanUseMwUserToken('edit')) {
				this.load(fnAutoSave, ctx.onSaveFailure); // try the append or prepend again
			} else {
				ctx.loadApi.post(); // reload the page and reapply the edit
			}

		// check for network or server error
		} else if ( errorCode === &quot;undefined&quot; &amp;&amp; ctx.retries++ &lt; ctx.maxRetries ) {

			// the error might be transient, so try again
			ctx.statusElement.info(&quot;Save failed, retrying&quot;);
			--Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft;  // allow for normal completion if retry succeeds
			ctx.saveApi.post(); // give it another go!

		// hard error, give up
		} else {

			// non-admin attempting to edit a protected page - this gives a friendlier message than the default
			if ( errorCode === &quot;protectedpage&quot; ) {
				ctx.statusElement.error( &quot;Failed to save edit: Page is fully protected&quot; );
			} else {
				ctx.statusElement.error( &quot;Failed to save edit: &quot; + ctx.saveApi.getErrorText() );
			}
			ctx.editMode = 'all';  // cancel append/prepend/revert modes
			if (ctx.onSaveFailure) {
				ctx.onSaveFailure(this);  // invoke callback
			}
		}
	};

	var fnLookupCreatorSuccess = function() {
		var xml = ctx.lookupCreatorApi.getXML();

		if ( !fnCheckPageName(xml) ) {
			return; // abort
		}

		ctx.creator = $(xml).find('rev').attr('user');
		if (!ctx.creator) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Could not find name of page creator&quot;);
			return;
		}
		ctx.onLookupCreatorSuccess(this);
	};

	var fnProcessMove = function() {
		var xml = ctx.moveApi.getXML();

		if ($(xml).find('page').attr('missing') === &quot;&quot;) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Cannot move the page, because it no longer exists&quot;);
			ctx.onMoveFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		// extract protection info
		if (Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop')) {
			var editprot = $(xml).find('pr[type=&quot;edit&quot;]');
			if (editprot.length &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; editprot.attr('level') === 'sysop' &amp;&amp; !ctx.suppressProtectWarning &amp;&amp;
				!confirm('You are about to move the fully protected page &quot;' + ctx.pageName +
				(editprot.attr('expiry') === 'infinity' ? '&quot; (protected indefinitely)' : ('&quot; (protection expiring ' + editprot.attr('expiry') + ')')) +
				'.  \n\nClick OK to proceed with the move, or Cancel to skip this move.')) {
				ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Move of fully protected page was aborted.&quot;);
				ctx.onMoveFailure(this);
				return;
			}
		}

		var moveToken = $(xml).find('page').attr('movetoken');
		if (!moveToken) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Failed to retrieve move token.&quot;);
			ctx.onMoveFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		var query = {
			'action': 'move',
			'from': $(xml).find('page').attr('title'),
			'to': ctx.moveDestination,
			'token': moveToken,
			'reason': ctx.editSummary
		};
		if (ctx.moveTalkPage) {
			query.movetalk = 'true';
		}
		if (ctx.moveSubpages) {
			query.movesubpages = 'true';  // XXX don't know whether this works for non-admins
		}
		if (ctx.moveSuppressRedirect) {
			query.noredirect = 'true';
		}
		if (ctx.watchlistOption === 'watch') {
			query.watch = 'true';
		}

		ctx.moveProcessApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;moving page...&quot;, query, ctx.onMoveSuccess, ctx.statusElement, ctx.onMoveFailure);
		ctx.moveProcessApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.moveProcessApi.post();
	};

	var fnProcessDelete = function() {
		var pageTitle, token;

		if (fnCanUseMwUserToken('delete')) {
			token = mw.user.tokens.get('csrfToken');
			pageTitle = ctx.pageName;
		} else {
			var xml = ctx.deleteApi.getXML();

			if ($(xml).find('page').attr('missing') === &quot;&quot;) {
				ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Cannot delete the page, because it no longer exists&quot;);
				ctx.onDeleteFailure(this);
				return;
			}

			// extract protection info
			var editprot = $(xml).find('pr[type=&quot;edit&quot;]');
			if (editprot.length &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; editprot.attr('level') === 'sysop' &amp;&amp; !ctx.suppressProtectWarning &amp;&amp;
				!confirm('You are about to delete the fully protected page &quot;' + ctx.pageName +
				(editprot.attr('expiry') === 'infinity' ? '&quot; (protected indefinitely)' : ('&quot; (protection expiring ' + editprot.attr('expiry') + ')')) +
				'.  \n\nClick OK to proceed with the deletion, or Cancel to skip this deletion.')) {
				ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Deletion of fully protected page was aborted.&quot;);
				ctx.onDeleteFailure(this);
				return;
			}

			token = $(xml).find('page').attr('deletetoken');
			if (!token) {
				ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Failed to retrieve delete token.&quot;);
				ctx.onDeleteFailure(this);
				return;
			}

			pageTitle = $(xml).find('page').attr('title');
		}

		var query = {
			'action': 'delete',
			'title': pageTitle,
			'token': token,
			'reason': ctx.editSummary
		};
		if (ctx.watchlistOption === 'watch') {
			query.watch = 'true';
		}

		ctx.deleteProcessApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;deleting page...&quot;, query, ctx.onDeleteSuccess, ctx.statusElement, fnProcessDeleteError);
		ctx.deleteProcessApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.deleteProcessApi.post();
	};

	// callback from deleteProcessApi.post()
	var fnProcessDeleteError = function() {

		var errorCode = ctx.deleteProcessApi.getErrorCode();

		// check for &quot;Database query error&quot;
		if ( errorCode === &quot;internal_api_error_DBQueryError&quot; &amp;&amp; ctx.retries++ &lt; ctx.maxRetries ) {

			ctx.statusElement.info(&quot;Database query error, retrying&quot;);
			--Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft;  // allow for normal completion if retry succeeds
			ctx.deleteProcessApi.post(); // give it another go!

		} else if ( errorCode === &quot;badtoken&quot; ) {
			// this is pathetic, but given the current state of Morebits.wiki.page it would
			// be a dog's breakfast to try and fix this
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Invalid token. Please refresh the page and try again.&quot;);
			if (ctx.onDeleteFailure) {
				ctx.onDeleteFailure.call(this, this, ctx.deleteProcessApi);
			}

		} else if ( errorCode === &quot;missingtitle&quot; ) {

			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Cannot delete the page, because it no longer exists&quot;);
			if (ctx.onDeleteFailure) {
				ctx.onDeleteFailure.call(this, ctx.deleteProcessApi);  // invoke callback
			}

		// hard error, give up
		} else {

			ctx.statusElement.error( &quot;Failed to delete the page: &quot; + ctx.deleteProcessApi.getErrorText() );
			if (ctx.onDeleteFailure) {
				ctx.onDeleteFailure.call(this, ctx.deleteProcessApi);  // invoke callback
			}
		}
	};

	var fnProcessProtect = function() {
		var xml = ctx.protectApi.getXML();

		var missing = ($(xml).find('page').attr('missing') === &quot;&quot;);
		if (((ctx.protectEdit || ctx.protectMove) &amp;&amp; missing)) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Cannot protect the page, because it no longer exists&quot;);
			ctx.onProtectFailure(this);
			return;
		}
		if (ctx.protectCreate &amp;&amp; !missing) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Cannot create protect the page, because it already exists&quot;);
			ctx.onProtectFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		// TODO cascading protection not possible on edit&lt;sysop

		var protectToken = $(xml).find('page').attr('protecttoken');
		if (!protectToken) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Failed to retrieve protect token.&quot;);
			ctx.onProtectFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		// fetch existing protection levels
		var prs = $(xml).find('pr');
		var editprot = prs.filter('[type=&quot;edit&quot;]');
		var moveprot = prs.filter('[type=&quot;move&quot;]');
		var createprot = prs.filter('[type=&quot;create&quot;]');

		var protections = [], expirys = [];

		// set edit protection level
		if (ctx.protectEdit) {
			protections.push('edit=' + ctx.protectEdit.level);
			expirys.push(ctx.protectEdit.expiry);
		} else if (editprot.length) {
			protections.push('edit=' + editprot.attr(&quot;level&quot;));
			expirys.push(editprot.attr(&quot;expiry&quot;).replace(&quot;infinity&quot;, &quot;indefinite&quot;));
		}

		if (ctx.protectMove) {
			protections.push('move=' + ctx.protectMove.level);
			expirys.push(ctx.protectMove.expiry);
		} else if (moveprot.length) {
			protections.push('move=' + moveprot.attr(&quot;level&quot;));
			expirys.push(moveprot.attr(&quot;expiry&quot;).replace(&quot;infinity&quot;, &quot;indefinite&quot;));
		}

		if (ctx.protectCreate) {
			protections.push('create=' + ctx.protectCreate.level);
			expirys.push(ctx.protectCreate.expiry);
		} else if (createprot.length) {
			protections.push('create=' + createprot.attr(&quot;level&quot;));
			expirys.push(createprot.attr(&quot;expiry&quot;).replace(&quot;infinity&quot;, &quot;indefinite&quot;));
		}

		var query = {
			action: 'protect',
			title: $(xml).find('page').attr('title'),
			token: protectToken,
			protections: protections.join('|'),
			expiry: expirys.join('|'),
			reason: ctx.editSummary
		};
		if (ctx.protectCascade) {
			query.cascade = 'true';
		}
		if (ctx.watchlistOption === 'watch') {
			query.watch = 'true';
		}

		ctx.protectProcessApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;protecting page...&quot;, query, ctx.onProtectSuccess, ctx.statusElement, ctx.onProtectFailure);
		ctx.protectProcessApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.protectProcessApi.post();
	};

	var fnProcessStabilize = function() {
		var xml = ctx.stabilizeApi.getXML();

		var missing = ($(xml).find('page').attr('missing') === &quot;&quot;);
		if (missing) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Cannot protect the page, because it no longer exists&quot;);
			ctx.onStabilizeFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		var stabilizeToken = $(xml).find('page').attr('edittoken');
		if (!stabilizeToken) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Failed to retrieve stabilize token.&quot;);
			ctx.onStabilizeFailure(this);
			return;
		}

		var query = {
			action: 'stabilize',
			title: $(xml).find('page').attr('title'),
			token: stabilizeToken,
			protectlevel: ctx.flaggedRevs.level,
			expiry: ctx.flaggedRevs.expiry,
			reason: ctx.editSummary
		};
		if (ctx.watchlistOption === 'watch') {
			query.watch = 'true';
		}

		ctx.stabilizeProcessApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;configuring stabilization settings...&quot;, query, ctx.onStabilizeSuccess, ctx.statusElement, ctx.onStabilizeFailure);
		ctx.stabilizeProcessApi.setParent(this);
		ctx.stabilizeProcessApi.post();
	};
}; // end Morebits.wiki.page

/** Morebits.wiki.page TODO: (XXX)
 * - Should we retry loads also?
 * - Need to reset current action before the save?
 * - Deal with action.completed stuff
 * - Need to reset all parameters once done (e.g. edit summary, move destination, etc.)
 */


/**
 * **************** Morebits.wiki.preview ****************
 * Uses the API to parse a fragment of wikitext and render it as HTML.
 *
 * Constructor: Morebits.wiki.preview(previewbox, currentAction)
 *    previewbox - the &lt;div&gt; element that will contain the rendered HTML
 *
 * beginRender(wikitext): Displays the preview box, and begins an asynchronous attempt
 *                        to render the specified wikitext.
 *    wikitext - wikitext to render; most things should work, including subst: and ~~~~
 *    pageTitle - optional parameter for the page this should be rendered as being on
 *
 * closePreview(): Hides the preview box and clears it.
 *
 * The suggested implementation pattern (in Morebits.simpleWindow + Morebits.quickForm situations) is to
 * construct a Morebits.wiki.preview object after rendering a Morebits.quickForm, and bind the object
 * to an arbitrary property of the form (e.g. |previewer|).  For an example, see
 * twinklewarn.js.
 */

Morebits.wiki.preview = function(previewbox) {
	this.previewbox = previewbox;
	$(previewbox).addClass(&quot;morebits-previewbox&quot;).hide();

	this.beginRender = function(wikitext, pageTitle) {
		$(previewbox).show();

		var statusspan = document.createElement('span');
		previewbox.appendChild(statusspan);
		Morebits.status.init(statusspan);

		var query = {
			action: 'parse',
			prop: 'text',
			pst: 'true',  // PST = pre-save transform; this makes substitution work properly
			text: wikitext,
			title: pageTitle || mw.config.get('wgPageName')
		};
		var renderApi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;loading...&quot;, query, fnRenderSuccess, new Morebits.status(&quot;Preview&quot;));
		renderApi.post();
	};

	var fnRenderSuccess = function(apiobj) {
		var xml = apiobj.getXML();
		var html = $(xml).find('text').text();
		if (!html) {
			apiobj.statelem.error(&quot;failed to retrieve preview, or template was blanked&quot;);
			return;
		}
		previewbox.innerHTML = html;
		$(previewbox).find(&quot;a&quot;).attr(&quot;target&quot;, &quot;_blank&quot;);
	};

	this.closePreview = function() {
		$(previewbox).empty().hide();
	};
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.wikitext ****************
 * Wikitext manipulation
 */

Morebits.wikitext = {};

Morebits.wikitext.template = {
	parse: function( text, start ) {
		var count = -1;
		var level = -1;
		var equals = -1;
		var current = '';
		var result = {
			name: '',
			parameters: {}
		};
		var key, value;

		for( var i = start; i &lt; text.length; ++i ) {
			var test3 = text.substr( i, 3 );
			if( test3 === '{{{' ) {
				current += '{{{';
				i += 2;
				++level;
				continue;
			}
			if( test3 === '}}}' ) {
				current += '}}}';
				i += 2;
				--level;
				continue;
			}
			var test2 = text.substr( i, 2 );
			if( test2 === '{{' || test2 === '[[' ) {
				current += test2;
				++i;
				++level;
				continue;
			}
			if( test2 === ']]' ) {
				current += test2;
				++i;
				--level;
				continue;
			}
			if( test2 === '}}' ) {
				current += test2;
				++i;
				--level;

				if( level &lt;= 0 ) {
					if( count === -1 ) {
						result.name = current.substring(2).trim();
						++count;
					} else {
						if( equals !== -1 ) {
							key = current.substring( 0, equals ).trim();
							value = current.substring( equals ).trim();
							result.parameters[key] = value;
							equals = -1;
						} else {
							result.parameters[count] = current;
							++count;
						}
					}
					break;
				}
				continue;
			}

			if( text.charAt(i) === '|' &amp;&amp; level &lt;= 0 ) {
				if( count === -1 ) {
					result.name = current.substring(2).trim();
					++count;
				} else {
					if( equals !== -1 ) {
						key = current.substring( 0, equals ).trim();
						value = current.substring( equals + 1 ).trim();
						result.parameters[key] = value;
						equals = -1;
					} else {
						result.parameters[count] = current;
						++count;
					}
				}
				current = '';
			} else if( equals === -1 &amp;&amp; text.charAt(i) === '=' &amp;&amp; level &lt;= 0 ) {
				equals = current.length;
				current += text.charAt(i);
			} else {
				current += text.charAt(i);
			}
		}

		return result;
	}
};

Morebits.wikitext.page = function mediawikiPage( text ) {
	this.text = text;
};

Morebits.wikitext.page.prototype = {
	text: '',
	removeLink: function( link_target ) {
		var first_char = link_target.substr( 0, 1 );
		var link_re_string = &quot;[&quot; + first_char.toUpperCase() + first_char.toLowerCase() + ']' + RegExp.escape( link_target.substr( 1 ), true );
		var link_simple_re = new RegExp( &quot;\\[\\[:?(&quot; + link_re_string + &quot;)\\]\\]&quot;, 'g' );
		var link_named_re = new RegExp( &quot;\\[\\[:?&quot; + link_re_string + &quot;\\|(.+?)\\]\\]&quot;, 'g' );
		this.text = this.text.replace( link_simple_re, &quot;$1&quot; ).replace( link_named_re, &quot;$1&quot; );
	},
	commentOutImage: function( image, reason ) {
		var unbinder = new Morebits.unbinder( this.text );
		unbinder.unbind( '&lt;!--', '--&gt;' );

		reason = reason ? (reason + ': ') : '';
		var first_char = image.substr( 0, 1 );
		var image_re_string = &quot;[&quot; + first_char.toUpperCase() + first_char.toLowerCase() + ']' + RegExp.escape( image.substr( 1 ), true );

		/*
		 * Check for normal image links, i.e. [[Image:Foobar.png|...]]
		 * Will eat the whole link
		 */
		var links_re = new RegExp( &quot;\\[\\[(?:[Ii]mage|[Ff]ile):\\s*&quot; + image_re_string );
		var allLinks = Morebits.array.uniq(Morebits.string.splitWeightedByKeys( unbinder.content, '[[', ']]' ));
		for( var i = 0; i &lt; allLinks.length; ++i ) {
			if( links_re.test( allLinks[i] ) ) {
				var replacement = '&lt;!-- ' + reason + allLinks[i] + ' --&gt;';
				unbinder.content = unbinder.content.replace( allLinks[i], replacement, 'g' );
			}
		}
		// unbind the newly created comments
		unbinder.unbind( '&lt;!--', '--&gt;' );

		/*
		 * Check for gallery images, i.e. instances that must start on a new line, eventually preceded with some space, and must include Image: prefix
		 * Will eat the whole line.
		 */
		var gallery_image_re = new RegExp( &quot;(^\\s*(?:[Ii]mage|[Ff]ile):\\s*&quot; + image_re_string + &quot;.*?$)&quot;, 'mg' );
		unbinder.content = unbinder.content.replace( gallery_image_re, &quot;&lt;!-- &quot; + reason + &quot;$1 --&gt;&quot; );

		// unbind the newly created comments
		unbinder.unbind( '&lt;!--', '--&gt;' );
		/*
		 * Check free image usages, for example as template arguments, might have the Image: prefix excluded, but must be preceeded by an |
		 * Will only eat the image name and the preceeding bar and an eventual named parameter
		 */
		var free_image_re = new RegExp( &quot;(\\|\\s*(?:[\\w\\s]+\\=)?\\s*(?:(?:[Ii]mage|[Ff]ile):\\s*)?&quot; + image_re_string + &quot;)&quot;, 'mg' );
		unbinder.content = unbinder.content.replace( free_image_re, &quot;&lt;!-- &quot; + reason + &quot;$1 --&gt;&quot; );

		// Rebind the content now, we are done!
		this.text = unbinder.rebind();
	},
	addToImageComment: function( image, data ) {
		var first_char = image.substr( 0, 1 );
		var first_char_regex = RegExp.escape( first_char, true );
		if( first_char.toUpperCase() !== first_char.toLowerCase() ) {
			first_char_regex = '[' + RegExp.escape( first_char.toUpperCase(), true ) + RegExp.escape( first_char.toLowerCase(), true ) + ']';
		}
		var image_re_string = &quot;(?:[Ii]mage|[Ff]ile):\\s*&quot; + first_char_regex + RegExp.escape( image.substr( 1 ), true );
		var links_re = new RegExp( &quot;\\[\\[&quot; + image_re_string );
		var allLinks = Morebits.array.uniq(Morebits.string.splitWeightedByKeys( this.text, '[[', ']]' ));
		for( var i = 0; i &lt; allLinks.length; ++i ) {
			if( links_re.test( allLinks[i] ) ) {
				var replacement = allLinks[i];
				// just put it at the end?
				replacement = replacement.replace( /\]\]$/, '|' + data + ']]' );
				this.text = this.text.replace( allLinks[i], replacement, 'g' );
			}
		}
		var gallery_re = new RegExp( &quot;^(\\s*&quot; + image_re_string + '.*?)\\|?(.*?)$', 'mg' );
		var newtext = &quot;$1|$2 &quot; + data;
		this.text = this.text.replace( gallery_re, newtext );
	},
	removeTemplate: function( template ) {
		var first_char = template.substr( 0, 1 );
		var template_re_string = &quot;(?:[Tt]emplate:)?\\s*[&quot; + first_char.toUpperCase() + first_char.toLowerCase() + ']' + RegExp.escape( template.substr( 1 ), true );
		var links_re = new RegExp( &quot;\\{\\{&quot; + template_re_string );
		var allTemplates = Morebits.array.uniq(Morebits.string.splitWeightedByKeys( this.text, '{{', '}}', [ '{{{', '}}}' ] ));
		for( var i = 0; i &lt; allTemplates.length; ++i ) {
			if( links_re.test( allTemplates[i] ) ) {
				this.text = this.text.replace( allTemplates[i], '', 'g' );
			}
		}
	},
	getText: function() {
		return this.text;
	}
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.queryString ****************
 * Maps the querystring to an object
 *
 * Functions:
 *
 * Morebits.queryString.exists(key)
 *     returns true if the particular key is set
 * Morebits.queryString.get(key)
 *     returns the value associated to the key
 * Morebits.queryString.equals(key, value)
 *     returns true if the value associated with given key equals given value
 * Morebits.queryString.toString()
 *     returns the query string as a string
 * Morebits.queryString.create( hash )
 *     creates an querystring and encodes strings via encodeURIComponent and joins arrays with |
 *
 * In static context, the value of location.search.substring(1), else the value given to the constructor is going to be used. The mapped hash is saved in the object.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * var value = Morebits.queryString.get('key');
 * var obj = new Morebits.queryString('foo=bar&amp;baz=quux');
 * value = obj.get('foo');
 */
Morebits.queryString = function QueryString(qString) {
	this.string = qString;
	this.params = {};

	if( !qString.length ) {
		return;
	}

	qString.replace(/\+/, ' ');
	var args = qString.split('&amp;');

	for( var i = 0; i &lt; args.length; ++i ) {
		var pair = args[i].split( '=' );
		var key = decodeURIComponent( pair[0] ), value = key;

		if( pair.length === 2 ) {
			value = decodeURIComponent( pair[1] );
		}

		this.params[key] = value;
	}
};

Morebits.queryString.staticstr = null;

Morebits.queryString.staticInit = function() {
	if( !Morebits.queryString.staticstr ) {
		Morebits.queryString.staticstr = new Morebits.queryString(location.search.substring(1));
	}
};

Morebits.queryString.get = function(key) {
	Morebits.queryString.staticInit();
	return Morebits.queryString.staticstr.get(key);
};

Morebits.queryString.prototype.get = function(key) {
	return this.params[key] ? this.params[key] : null;
};

Morebits.queryString.exists = function(key) {
	Morebits.queryString.staticInit();
	return Morebits.queryString.staticstr.exists(key);
};

Morebits.queryString.prototype.exists = function(key) {
	return this.params[key] ? true : false;
};

Morebits.queryString.equals = function(key, value) {
	Morebits.queryString.staticInit();
	return Morebits.queryString.staticstr.equals(key, value);
};

Morebits.queryString.prototype.equals = function(key, value) {
	return this.params[key] === value ? true : false;
};

Morebits.queryString.toString = function() {
	Morebits.queryString.staticInit();
	return Morebits.queryString.staticstr.toString();
};

Morebits.queryString.prototype.toString = function() {
	return this.string ? this.string : null;
};

Morebits.queryString.create = function( arr ) {
	var resarr = [];
	var editToken;  // KLUGE: this should always be the last item in the query string (bug TW-B-0013)
	for( var i in arr ) {
		if( arr[i] === undefined ) {
			continue;
		}
		var res;
		if( $.isArray( arr[i] ) ){
			var v = [];
			for(var j = 0; j &lt; arr[i].length; ++j ) {
				v[j] = encodeURIComponent( arr[i][j] );
			}
			res = v.join('|');
		} else {
			res = encodeURIComponent( arr[i] );
		}
		if( i === 'token' ) {
			editToken = res;
		} else {
			resarr.push( encodeURIComponent( i ) + '=' + res );
		}
	}
	if( editToken !== undefined ) {
		resarr.push( 'token=' + editToken );
	}
	return resarr.join('&amp;');
};
Morebits.queryString.prototype.create = Morebits.queryString.create;


/**
 * **************** Morebits.status ****************
 */

Morebits.status = function Status( text, stat, type ) {
	this.textRaw = text;
	this.text = this.codify(text);
	this.type = type || 'status';
	this.generate();
	if( stat ) {
		this.update( stat, type );
	}
};

Morebits.status.init = function( root ) {
	if( !( root instanceof Element ) ) {
		throw new Error( 'object not an instance of Element' );
	}
	while( root.hasChildNodes() ) {
		root.removeChild( root.firstChild );
	}
	Morebits.status.root = root;
	Morebits.status.errorEvent = null;
};

Morebits.status.root = null;

Morebits.status.onError = function( handler ) {
	if ( $.isFunction( handler ) ) {
		Morebits.status.errorEvent = handler;
	} else {
		throw &quot;Morebits.status.onError: handler is not a function&quot;;
	}
};

Morebits.status.prototype = {
	stat: null,
	text: null,
	textRaw: null,
	type: 'status',
	target: null,
	node: null,
	linked: false,
	link: function() {
		if( ! this.linked &amp;&amp; Morebits.status.root ) {
			Morebits.status.root.appendChild( this.node );
			this.linked = true;
		}
	},
	unlink: function() {
		if( this.linked ) {
			Morebits.status.root.removeChild( this.node );
			this.linked = false;
		}
	},
	codify: function( obj ) {
		if ( ! $.isArray( obj ) ) {
			obj = [ obj ];
		}
		var result;
		result = document.createDocumentFragment();
		for( var i = 0; i &lt; obj.length; ++i ) {
			if( typeof obj[i] === 'string' ) {
				result.appendChild( document.createTextNode( obj[i] ) );
			} else if( obj[i] instanceof Element ) {
				result.appendChild( obj[i] );
			} // Else cosmic radiation made something shit
		}
		return result;

	},
	update: function( status, type ) {
		this.stat = this.codify( status );
		if( type ) {
			this.type = type;
			if (type === 'error') {
				// hack to force the page not to reload when an error is output - see also Morebits.status() above
				Morebits.wiki.numberOfActionsLeft = 1000;
				// call error callback
				if (Morebits.status.errorEvent) {
					Morebits.status.errorEvent();
				}
				// also log error messages in the browser console
				if (console &amp;&amp; console.error) {
					console.error(this.textRaw + &quot;: &quot; + status);
				}
			}
		}
		this.render();
	},
	generate: function() {
		this.node = document.createElement( 'div' );
		this.node.appendChild( document.createElement('span') ).appendChild( this.text );
		this.node.appendChild( document.createElement('span') ).appendChild( document.createTextNode( ': ' ) );
		this.target = this.node.appendChild( document.createElement( 'span' ) );
		this.target.appendChild(  document.createTextNode( '' ) ); // dummy node
	},
	render: function() {
		this.node.className = 'tw_status_' + this.type;
		while( this.target.hasChildNodes() ) {
			this.target.removeChild( this.target.firstChild );
		}
		this.target.appendChild( this.stat );
		this.link();
	},
	status: function( status ) {
		this.update( status, 'status');
	},
	info: function( status ) {
		this.update( status, 'info');
	},
	warn: function( status ) {
		this.update( status, 'warn');
	},
	error: function( status ) {
		this.update( status, 'error');
	}
};

Morebits.status.info = function( text, status ) {
	return new Morebits.status( text, status, 'info' );
};

Morebits.status.warn = function( text, status ) {
	return new Morebits.status( text, status, 'warn' );
};

Morebits.status.error = function( text, status ) {
	return new Morebits.status( text, status, 'error' );
};

// display the user's rationale, comments, etc. back to them after a failure,
// so they don't use it
Morebits.status.printUserText = function( comments, message ) {
	var p = document.createElement( 'p' );
	p.textContent = message;
	var div = document.createElement( 'div' );
	div.className = 'toccolours';
	div.style.marginTop = '0';
	div.style.whiteSpace = 'pre-wrap';
	div.textContent = comments;
	p.appendChild( div );
	Morebits.status.root.appendChild( p );
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.htmlNode() ****************
 * Simple helper function to create a simple node
 */

Morebits.htmlNode = function ( type, content, color ) {
	var node = document.createElement( type );
	if( color ) {
		node.style.color = color;
	}
	node.appendChild( document.createTextNode( content ) );
	return node;
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.checkboxClickHandler() ****************
 * shift-click-support for checkboxes
 * wikibits version (window.addCheckboxClickHandlers) has some restrictions, and
 * doesn't work with checkboxes inside a sortable table, so let's build our own.
 */

Morebits.checkboxShiftClickSupport = function (jQuerySelector, jQueryContext) {
	var lastCheckbox = null;

	function clickHandler(event) {
		var cb = this;
		if (event.shiftKey &amp;&amp; lastCheckbox!==null)
		{
			var cbs = $(jQuerySelector, jQueryContext); //can't cache them, obviously, if we want to support resorting
			var index=-1, lastIndex=-1;
			for (var i=0; i&lt;cbs.length; i++)
			{
				if (cbs[i]==cb) { index=i; if (lastIndex&gt;-1) break; }
				if (cbs[i]==lastCheckbox) { lastIndex=i; if (index&gt;-1) break; }
			}
			if (index&gt;-1 &amp;&amp; lastIndex&gt;-1)
			{
				//inspired by wikibits
				var endState = cb.checked;
				var start, finish;
				if (index&lt;lastIndex)
				{
					start = index+1;
					finish = lastIndex;
				}
				else
				{
					start = lastIndex;
					finish = index-1;
				}
				for (var i=start; i&lt;=finish; i++) cbs[i].checked = endState;
			}
		}
		lastCheckbox = cb;
		return true;
	}

  $(jQuerySelector, jQueryContext).click(clickHandler);
};


/** **************** Morebits.batchOperation ****************
 * Iterates over a group of pages and executes a worker function for each.
 *
 * Constructor: Morebits.batchOperation(currentAction)
 *
 * setPageList(wikitext): Sets the list of pages to work on.
 *    It should be an array of page names (strings).
 *
 * setOption(optionName, optionValue): Sets a known option:
 *    - chunkSize (integer): the size of chunks to break the array into (default 50).
 *                           Setting this to a small value (&lt;5) can cause problems.
 *    - preserveIndividualStatusLines (boolean): keep each page's status element visible
 *                                               when worker is complete?  See note below
 *
 * run(worker): Runs the given callback for each page in the list.
 *    The callback must call workerSuccess when succeeding, or workerFailure
 *    when failing.  If using Morebits.wiki.api or Morebits.wiki.page, this is easily
 *    done by passing these two functions as parameters to the methods on those
 *    objects, for instance, page.save(batchOp.workerSuccess, batchOp.workerFailure).
 *    Make sure the methods are called directly if special success/failure cases arise.
 *    If you omit to call these methods, the batch operation will stall after the first
 *    chunk!  Also ensure that either workerSuccess or workerFailure is called no more
 *    than once.
 *
 * If using preserveIndividualStatusLines, you should try to ensure that the
 * workerSuccess callback has access to the page title.  This is no problem for
 * Morebits.wiki.page objects.  But when using the API, please set the
 * |pageName| property on the Morebits.wiki.api object.
 *
 * There are sample batchOperation implementations using Morebits.wiki.page in
 * twinklebatchdelete.js, and using Morebits.wiki.api in twinklebatchundelete.js.
 */

Morebits.batchOperation = function(currentAction) {
	var ctx = {
		// backing fields for public properties
		pageList: null,
		options: {
			chunkSize: 50,
			preserveIndividualStatusLines: false
		},

		// internal counters, etc.
		statusElement: new Morebits.status(currentAction || &quot;Performing batch operation&quot;),
		worker: null,
		countStarted: 0,
		countFinished: 0,
		countFinishedSuccess: 0,
		currentChunkIndex: -1,
		pageChunks: [],
		running: false
	};

	// shouldn't be needed by external users, but provided anyway for maximum flexibility
	this.getStatusElement = function() {
		return ctx.statusElement;
	};

	this.setPageList = function(pageList) {
		ctx.pageList = pageList;
	};

	this.setOption = function(optionName, optionValue) {
		ctx.options[optionName] = optionValue;
	};

	this.run = function(worker) {
		if (ctx.running) {
			ctx.statusElement.error(&quot;Batch operation is already running&quot;);
			return;
		}
		ctx.running = true;

		ctx.worker = worker;
		ctx.countStarted = 0;
		ctx.countFinished = 0;
		ctx.countFinishedSuccess = 0;
		ctx.currentChunkIndex = -1;
		ctx.pageChunks = [];

		var total = ctx.pageList.length;
		if (!total) {
			ctx.statusElement.info(&quot;nothing to do&quot;);
			ctx.running = false;
			return;
		}

		// chunk page list into more manageable units
		ctx.pageChunks = Morebits.array.chunk(ctx.pageList, ctx.options.chunkSize);

		// start the process
		Morebits.wiki.addCheckpoint();
		ctx.statusElement.status(&quot;0%&quot;);
		fnStartNewChunk();
	};

	this.workerSuccess = function(apiobj) {
		// update or remove status line
		if (apiobj &amp;&amp; apiobj.getStatusElement) {
			var statelem = apiobj.getStatusElement();
			if (ctx.options.preserveIndividualStatusLines) {
				if (apiobj.getPageName || apiobj.pageName || (apiobj.query &amp;&amp; apiobj.query.title)) {
					// we know the page title - display a relevant message
					var pageName = apiobj.getPageName ? apiobj.getPageName() :
						(apiobj.pageName || apiobj.query.title);
					var link = document.createElement('a');
					link.setAttribute('href', mw.util.getUrl(pageName));
					link.appendChild(document.createTextNode(pageName));
					statelem.info(['completed (', link, ')']);
				} else {
					// we don't know the page title - just display a generic message
					statelem.info('done');
				}
			} else {
				// remove the status line from display
				statelem.unlink();
			}
		}

		ctx.countFinishedSuccess++;
		fnDoneOne(apiobj);
	};

	this.workerFailure = function(apiobj) {
		fnDoneOne(apiobj);
	};

	// private functions

	var thisProxy = this;

	var fnStartNewChunk = function() {
		var chunk = ctx.pageChunks[++ctx.currentChunkIndex];
		if (!chunk) {
			return;  // done! yay
		}

		// start workers for the current chunk
		ctx.countStarted += chunk.length;
		chunk.forEach(function(page) {
			ctx.worker(page, thisProxy);
		});
	};

	var fnDoneOne = function() {
		ctx.countFinished++;

		// update overall status line
		var total = ctx.pageList.length;
		if (ctx.countFinished === total) {
			var statusString = &quot;Done (&quot; + ctx.countFinishedSuccess +
				&quot;/&quot; + ctx.countFinished + &quot; actions completed successfully)&quot;;
			if (ctx.countFinishedSuccess &lt; ctx.countFinished) {
				ctx.statusElement.warn(statusString);
			} else {
				ctx.statusElement.info(statusString);
			}
			Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint();
			ctx.running = false;
			return;
		}

		// just for giggles! (well, serious debugging, actually)
		if (ctx.countFinished &gt; total) {
			ctx.statusElement.warn(&quot;Done (overshot by &quot; + (ctx.countFinished - total) + &quot;)&quot;);
			Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint();
			ctx.running = false;
			return;
		}

		ctx.statusElement.status(parseInt(100 * ctx.countFinished / total, 10) + &quot;%&quot;);

		// start a new chunk if we're close enough to the end of the previous chunk, and
		// we haven't already started the next one
		if (ctx.countFinished &gt;= (ctx.countStarted - Math.max(ctx.options.chunkSize / 10, 2)) &amp;&amp;
			Math.floor(ctx.countFinished / ctx.options.chunkSize) &gt; ctx.currentChunkIndex) {
			fnStartNewChunk();
		}
	};
};


/**
 * **************** Morebits.simpleWindow ****************
 * A simple draggable window
 * now a wrapper for jQuery UI's dialog feature
 */

// The height passed in here is the maximum allowable height for the content area.
Morebits.simpleWindow = function SimpleWindow( width, height ) {
	var content = document.createElement( 'div' );
	this.content = content;
	content.className = 'morebits-dialog-content';
	content.id = 'morebits-dialog-content-' + Math.round(Math.random() * 1e15);

	this.height = height;

	$(this.content).dialog({
			autoOpen: false,
			buttons: { &quot;Placeholder button&quot;: function() {} },
			dialogClass: 'morebits-dialog',
			width: Math.min(parseInt(window.innerWidth, 10), parseInt(width ? width : 800, 10)),
			// give jQuery the given height value (which represents the anticipated height of the dialog) here, so
			// it can position the dialog appropriately
			// the 20 pixels represents adjustment for the extra height of the jQuery dialog &quot;chrome&quot;, compared
			// to that of the old SimpleWindow
			height: height + 20,
			close: function(event, ui) {
				// dialogs and their content can be destroyed once closed
				$(event.target).dialog(&quot;destroy&quot;).remove();
			},
			resizeStart: function(event, ui) {
				this.scrollbox = $(this).find(&quot;.morebits-scrollbox&quot;)[0];
				if (this.scrollbox) {
					this.scrollbox.style.maxHeight = &quot;none&quot;;
				}
			},
			resizeEnd: function(event, ui) {
				this.scrollbox = null;
			},
			resize: function(event, ui) {
				this.style.maxHeight = &quot;&quot;;
				if (this.scrollbox) {
					this.scrollbox.style.width = &quot;&quot;;
				}
			}
		});

	var $widget = $(this.content).dialog(&quot;widget&quot;);

	// add background gradient to titlebar
	var $titlebar = $widget.find(&quot;.ui-dialog-titlebar&quot;);
	var oldstyle = $titlebar.attr(&quot;style&quot;);
	$titlebar.attr(&quot;style&quot;, (oldstyle ? oldstyle : &quot;&quot;) + '; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAkCAMAAAB%2FqqA%2BAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAEhQTFRFr73ZobTPusjdsMHZp7nVwtDhzNbnwM3fu8jdq7vUt8nbxtDkw9DhpbfSvMrfssPZqLvVztbno7bRrr7W1d%2Fs1N7qydXk0NjpkW7Q%2BgAAADVJREFUeNoMwgESQCAAAMGLkEIi%2FP%2BnbnbpdB59app5Vdg0sXAoMZCpGoFbK6ciuy6FX4ABAEyoAef0BXOXAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) !important;');

	// delete the placeholder button (it's only there so the buttonpane gets created)
	$widget.find(&quot;button&quot;).each(function(key, value) {
		value.parentNode.removeChild(value);
	});

	// add container for the buttons we add, and the footer links (if any)
	var buttonspan = document.createElement(&quot;span&quot;);
	buttonspan.className = &quot;morebits-dialog-buttons&quot;;
	var linksspan = document.createElement(&quot;span&quot;);
	linksspan.className = &quot;morebits-dialog-footerlinks&quot;;
	$widget.find(&quot;.ui-dialog-buttonpane&quot;).append(buttonspan, linksspan);

	// resize the scrollbox with the dialog, if one is present
	$widget.resizable(&quot;option&quot;, &quot;alsoResize&quot;, &quot;#&quot; + this.content.id + &quot; .morebits-scrollbox, #&quot; + this.content.id);
};

Morebits.simpleWindow.prototype = {
	buttons: [],
	height: 600,
	hasFooterLinks: false,
	scriptName: null,

	// Focuses the dialog. This might work, or on the contrary, it might not.
	focus: function(event) {
		$(this.content).dialog(&quot;moveToTop&quot;);

		return this;
	},
	// Closes the dialog.  If this is set as an event handler, it will stop the event from doing anything more.
	close: function(event) {
		if (event) {
			event.preventDefault();
		}
		$(this.content).dialog(&quot;close&quot;);

		return this;
	},
	// Shows the dialog.  Calling display() on a dialog that has previously been closed might work, but it is not guaranteed.
	display: function() {
		if (this.scriptName) {
			var $widget = $(this.content).dialog(&quot;widget&quot;);
			$widget.find(&quot;.morebits-dialog-scriptname&quot;).remove();
			var scriptnamespan = document.createElement(&quot;span&quot;);
			scriptnamespan.className = &quot;morebits-dialog-scriptname&quot;;
			scriptnamespan.textContent = this.scriptName + &quot; \u00B7 &quot;;  // U+00B7 MIDDLE DOT = &amp;middot;
			$widget.find(&quot;.ui-dialog-title&quot;).prepend(scriptnamespan);
		}

		var dialog = $(this.content).dialog(&quot;open&quot;);
		if (window.setupTooltips &amp;&amp; window.pg &amp;&amp; window.pg.re &amp;&amp; window.pg.re.diff) {  // tie in with NAVPOP
			dialog.parent()[0].ranSetupTooltipsAlready = false;
			setupTooltips(dialog.parent()[0]);
		}
		this.setHeight( this.height );  // init height algorithm

		return this;
	},
	// Sets the dialog title.
	setTitle: function( title ) {
		$(this.content).dialog(&quot;option&quot;, &quot;title&quot;, title);

		return this;
	},
	// Sets the script name, appearing as a prefix to the title to help users determine which
	// user script is producing which dialog. For instance, Twinkle modules set this to &quot;Twinkle&quot;.
	setScriptName: function( name ) {
		this.scriptName = name;

		return this;
	},
	// Sets the dialog width.
	setWidth: function( width ) {
		$(this.content).dialog(&quot;option&quot;, &quot;width&quot;, width);

		return this;
	},
	// Sets the dialog's maximum height. The dialog will auto-size to fit its contents,
	// but the content area will grow no larger than the height given here.
	setHeight: function( height ) {
		this.height = height;

		// from display time onwards, let the browser determine the optimum height, and instead limit the height at the given value
		// note that the given height will exclude the approx. 20px that the jQuery UI chrome has in height in addition to the height
		// of an equivalent &quot;classic&quot; Morebits.simpleWindow
		if (parseInt(getComputedStyle($(this.content).dialog(&quot;widget&quot;)[0], null).height, 10) &gt; window.innerHeight) {
			$(this.content).dialog(&quot;option&quot;, &quot;height&quot;, window.innerHeight - 2).dialog(&quot;option&quot;, &quot;position&quot;, &quot;top&quot;);
		} else {
			$(this.content).dialog(&quot;option&quot;, &quot;height&quot;, &quot;auto&quot;);
		}
		$(this.content).dialog(&quot;widget&quot;).find(&quot;.morebits-dialog-content&quot;)[0].style.maxHeight = parseInt(this.height - 30, 10) + &quot;px&quot;;

		return this;
	},
	// Sets the content of the dialog to the given element node, usually from rendering a Morebits.quickForm.
	// Re-enumerates the footer buttons, but leaves the footer links as they are.
	// Be sure to call this at least once before the dialog is displayed...
	setContent: function( content ) {
		this.purgeContent();
		this.addContent( content );

		return this;
	},
	addContent: function( content ) {
		this.content.appendChild( content );

		// look for submit buttons in the content, hide them, and add a proxy button to the button pane
		var thisproxy = this;
		$(this.content).find('input[type=&quot;submit&quot;], button[type=&quot;submit&quot;]').each(function(key, value) {
				value.style.display = &quot;none&quot;;
				var button = document.createElement(&quot;button&quot;);
				button.textContent = (value.hasAttribute(&quot;value&quot;) ? value.getAttribute(&quot;value&quot;) : (value.textContent ? value.textContent : &quot;Submit Query&quot;));
				// here is an instance of cheap coding, probably a memory-usage hit in using a closure here
				button.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, function() { value.click(); }, false);
				thisproxy.buttons.push(button);
			});
		// remove all buttons from the button pane and re-add them
		if (this.buttons.length &gt; 0) {
			$(this.content).dialog(&quot;widget&quot;).find(&quot;.morebits-dialog-buttons&quot;).empty().append(this.buttons)[0].removeAttribute(&quot;data-empty&quot;);
		} else {
			$(this.content).dialog(&quot;widget&quot;).find(&quot;.morebits-dialog-buttons&quot;)[0].setAttribute(&quot;data-empty&quot;, &quot;data-empty&quot;);  // used by CSS
		}

		return this;
	},
	purgeContent: function() {
		this.buttons = [];
		// delete all buttons in the buttonpane
		$(this.content).dialog(&quot;widget&quot;).find(&quot;.morebits-dialog-buttons&quot;).empty();

		while( this.content.hasChildNodes() ) {
			this.content.removeChild( this.content.firstChild );
		}

		return this;
	},
	// Adds a link in the bottom-right corner of the dialog.
	// This can be used to provide help or policy links.
	// For example, Twinkle's CSD module adds a link to the CSD policy page,
	// as well as a link to Twinkle's documentation.
	addFooterLink: function( text, wikiPage ) {
		var $footerlinks = $(this.content).dialog(&quot;widget&quot;).find(&quot;.morebits-dialog-footerlinks&quot;);
		if (this.hasFooterLinks) {
			var bullet = document.createElement(&quot;span&quot;);
			bullet.textContent = &quot; \u2022 &quot;;  // U+2022 BULLET
			$footerlinks.append(bullet);
		}
		var link = document.createElement(&quot;a&quot;);
		link.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, mw.util.getUrl(wikiPage) );
		link.setAttribute(&quot;title&quot;, wikiPage);
		link.setAttribute(&quot;target&quot;, &quot;_blank&quot;);
		link.textContent = text;
		$footerlinks.append(link);
		this.hasFooterLinks = true;

		return this;
	},
	setModality: function( modal ) {
		$(this.content).dialog(&quot;option&quot;, &quot;modal&quot;, modal);

		return this;
	}
};

// Enables or disables all footer buttons on all Morebits.simpleWindows in the current page.
// This should be called with |false| when the button(s) become irrelevant (e.g. just before Morebits.status.init is called).
// This is not an instance method so that consumers don't have to keep a reference to the original
// Morebits.simpleWindow object sitting around somewhere. Anyway, most of the time there will only be one
// Morebits.simpleWindow open, so this shouldn't matter.
Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled = function( enabled ) {
	$(&quot;.morebits-dialog-buttons button&quot;).prop(&quot;disabled&quot;, !enabled);
};


// Twinkle blacklist was removed per consensus at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Archive221#New_Twinkle_blacklist_proposal


} ( window, document, jQuery )); // End wrap with anonymous function


/**
 * If this script is being executed outside a ResourceLoader context, we add some
 * global assignments for legacy scripts, hopefully these can be removed down the line
 *
 * IMPORTANT NOTE:
 * PLEASE DO NOT USE THESE ALIASES IN NEW CODE!
 * Thanks.
 */

if ( typeof arguments === &quot;undefined&quot; ) {  // typeof is here for a reason...
	window.SimpleWindow = Morebits.simpleWindow;
	window.QuickForm = Morebits.quickForm;
	window.Wikipedia = Morebits.wiki;
	window.Status = Morebits.status;
	window.QueryString = Morebits.queryString;
}


// &lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>93x99c3q1h9h7g19gehen61cfrbksif</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-morebits.css</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5628</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32194</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:11:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-3</comment>
      <origin>32194</origin>
      <model>css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="5250" sha1="439639ow91j6wrse9wu6gg9w79v2zx5" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * morebits.css
 * ===========
 * Styles to support morebits.js.
 *
 * The morebits library is maintained by the maintainers of Twinkle.
 * For queries, suggestions, help, etc., head to [[Wikipedia talk:Twinkle]].
 * The latest development source is available at [https://github.com/azatoth/twinkle/blob/master/morebits.css].
 */

/* Morebits.status */

.tw_status_status {
	color: #4682B4;
}

.tw_status_info {
	color: #228B22;
}

.tw_status_warn {
	color: #FF4500;
}

.tw_status_error {
	color: #FF4500;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Morebits.quickForm */

form.quickform
{
	width: 96%;
	vertical-align: middle;
	margin: auto;
	padding: .5em;
}

form.quickform *
{
	font-family: sans-serif;
}

form.quickform fieldset
{
	margin: .4em 0 1em;
}

form.quickform legend
{
	color: #31628F;
	font-weight: bold;
}

form.quickform input[type=text], form.quickform select
{
	min-width: 15em;
	font-size: 110%;
}

form.quickform select
{
	border: 1px solid gray;
	margin-left: .2em;
}

form.quickform input[type=checkbox],
form.quickform input[type=radio] {
	height: 13px;
	margin-bottom: 2px;
	margin-top: 2px;
	padding: 0;
	width: 13px;
	vertical-align: top;
}

form.quickform div {
	line-height: 18px;
}

form.quickform h5
{
	margin: .5em 0 0;
	padding: .3em .2em .2em;
}

/* only give the top border to headers with something above them */
form.quickform div + h5, form.quickform div + div &gt; h5, form.quickform h5 + h5
{
	border-top: 1px solid #88A;
}

form.quickform textarea
{
	width: 100%;
	height: 4em;
	font-size: 150%;
}

form.quickform input:disabled + label
{
	color: gray;
}

form.quickform span.quickformDescription
{
	font-style: italic;
}

form.quickform .quickformSubgroup
{
	margin-bottom: .5em;
	margin-left: 3em;
}

form.quickform .tooltipButtonContainer
{
	position: relative;
	width: 100%;
}

form.quickform .tooltipButton
{
	color: blue;
	font-weight: bold;
	cursor: help;
	padding: .2em;
}


/* Scrollbox styles, for use within Morebits.simpleWindow */

div.morebits-scrollbox
{
	background: white;
	border: 1px solid gray;
	margin-bottom: .6em;
	margin-top: .6em;
	max-height: 20em;
	overflow: auto;
	padding: 6px 6px 0;
}

div.morebits-scrollbox &gt; h5:first-child
{
	border: none;
	margin-top: 0;
	padding-top: 0;
}

div.morebits-scrollbox &gt; :last-child
{
	margin-bottom: 6px;
}


/* Previewbox */

div.morebits-previewbox
{
	background: white;
	color: black;
	border: 2px inset;
	margin: .4em auto .2em;
	padding: .2em .4em;
}

div.morebits-previewbox *:not(img)
{
	vertical-align: baseline;
}

div.morebits-previewbox .mw-editsection
{
	display: none;
}


/* Portlet */

.skin-modern #mw_contentwrapper div.portlet {
	overflow: hidden;
	height: 1.5em;
	margin: 0 0 0 14em;
	padding: 0;
}

.skin-modern #mw_contentwrapper div.portlet h5 {
	display: none;
}

.skin-modern #mw_contentwrapper div.portlet div.pbody {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}

.skin-modern #mw_contentwrapper div.portlet div.pbody ul {
	display: inline;
	margin: 0;
}

.skin-modern #mw_contentwrapper div.portlet div.pbody ul li {
	display: block;
	float: left;
	height: 1.5em;
	margin: 0 .5em;
	padding: 0 .2em;
	text-transform: lowercase;
}

.skin-modern #mw_contentwrapper div.portlet div.pbody ul li a {
	text-decoration: underline;
}

.skin-modern #mw_contentwrapper div.portlet div.pbody ul li.selected a {
	text-decoration: none;
}


/* Morebits.simpleWindow */

.morebits-dialog {
	border: 1px #666 solid;
	font: small sans-serif;
	background-color: #F0F8FF !important;
	background-image: none !important;
}

body.skin-monobook .morebits-dialog {
	font-size: 125%;
}

body .ui-dialog.morebits-dialog .ui-dialog-titlebar {
	height: 1em;
	background: repeat-x 50% 80% #cfd6e1 !important;  /* the actual image is specified in morebits.js - ResourceLoader mangles data: URIs in CSS */
	font: bold 1em sans-serif;
	overflow: hidden;
	padding: .4em .3em .5em !important;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

body.skin-monobook .morebits-dialog .ui-dialog-titlebar {
	line-height: 1em;
}

.morebits-dialog-scriptname {
	font-weight: normal;
}

.ui-dialog.morebits-dialog .ui-dialog-titlebar-close {
	height: 100%;
	right: 0;
	top: auto;
	width: 2em;
	margin: -.5em -.15em 0;
}

.ui-dialog.morebits-dialog .ui-dialog-titlebar-close span {
	margin: .33em;
}

.ui-dialog.morebits-dialog .morebits-dialog-content {
	font-size: 88%;  /* this just seems to be traditional - I don't quite see the point, in this day and age of huge monitors, etc. */
	padding: 0;
}

body .ui-dialog.morebits-dialog .ui-dialog-buttonpane {
	background-color: #BCCADF;
	margin: 0;
	min-height: .5em;
	padding-left: 1.2em !important;
}

body .ui-dialog.morebits-dialog .ui-dialog-buttonpane button {
	float: none;
	margin: .2em 0 -.1em;
	cursor: auto;
}

.morebits-dialog-footerlinks {
	font-size: 90%;
	float: right;
	margin: .7em .4em 0 0;
}

body .ui-dialog.morebits-dialog .morebits-dialog-footerlinks a {
	color: #3062AD;
}

.morebits-dialog-buttons[data-empty] + .morebits-dialog-footerlinks {
	margin: .1em .4em -.2em 0;
}

.ui-dialog.morebits-dialog a, .ui-dialog.morebits-dialog .ui-widget-content a {
	color: #0645AD;  /* jQuery imposes a ridiculous nearly-black colour on &lt;a&gt; tags... I don't understand it */
}

.ui-icon {
	vertical-align: -3px;
}

.ui-icon-inline {
	display: inline-block;
}</text>
      <sha1>439639ow91j6wrse9wu6gg9w79v2zx5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-Twinkle.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5629</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36034</id>
      <parentid>32195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-02-08T16:41:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WikiBayer</username>
        <id>6053</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>jsMessage [[:mw:Special:Permalink/4394551]]</comment>
      <origin>36034</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="16599" sha1="s5uxxdhw72hjsiu4widgwv2onznog7z" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * |                  === WARNING: GLOBAL GADGET FILE ===                    |
 * |                Changes to this page affect many users.                  |
 * |           Please discuss changes at [[Wikipedia talk:Twinkle]] before editing.           |
 * +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 *
 * Imported from github [https://github.com/azatoth/twinkle].
 * All changes should be made in the repository, otherwise they will be lost.
 *
 * To update this script from github, you must have a local repository set up. Then
 * follow the instructions at [https://github.com/azatoth/twinkle/blob/master/README.md].
 *
 * ----------
 *
 * This is AzaToth's Twinkle, the popular script sidekick for newbies, admins, and
 * every Wikipedian in between. Visit [[:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle]] for more information.
 */

//&lt;nowiki&gt;

( function ( window, document, $, undefined ) { // Wrap with anonymous function

var Twinkle = {};
window.Twinkle = Twinkle;  // allow global access

// Check if account is experienced enough to use Twinkle
Twinkle.userAuthorized = Morebits.userIsInGroup( &quot;autoconfirmed&quot; ) || Morebits.userIsInGroup( &quot;confirmed&quot; );

// for use by custom modules (normally empty)
Twinkle.initCallbacks = [];
Twinkle.addInitCallback = function twinkleAddInitCallback( func ) {
	Twinkle.initCallbacks.push( func );
};

Twinkle.defaultConfig = {};
/**
 * Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle and Twinkle.defaultConfig.friendly
 *
 * This holds the default set of preferences used by Twinkle. (The |friendly| object holds preferences stored in the FriendlyConfig object.)
 * It is important that all new preferences added here, especially admin-only ones, are also added to
 * |Twinkle.config.sections| in twinkleconfig.js, so they are configurable via the Twinkle preferences panel.
 * For help on the actual preferences, see the comments in twinkleconfig.js.
 */
Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle = {
	 // General
	summaryAd: &quot; ([[WP:TW|TW]])&quot;,
	deletionSummaryAd: &quot; ([[WP:TW|TW]])&quot;,
	protectionSummaryAd: &quot; ([[WP:TW|TW]])&quot;,
	userTalkPageMode: &quot;tab&quot;,
	dialogLargeFont: false,
	 // ARV
	spiWatchReport: &quot;yes&quot;,
	 // Block
	blankTalkpageOnIndefBlock: false,
	 // Fluff (revert and rollback)
	openTalkPage: [ &quot;agf&quot;, &quot;norm&quot;, &quot;vand&quot; ],
	openTalkPageOnAutoRevert: false,
	markRevertedPagesAsMinor: [ &quot;vand&quot; ],
	watchRevertedPages: [ &quot;agf&quot;, &quot;norm&quot;, &quot;vand&quot;, &quot;torev&quot; ],
	offerReasonOnNormalRevert: true,
	confirmOnFluff: false,
	showRollbackLinks: [ &quot;diff&quot;, &quot;others&quot; ],
	 // DI (twinkleimage)
	notifyUserOnDeli: true,
	deliWatchPage: &quot;default&quot;,
	deliWatchUser: &quot;default&quot;,
	 // PROD
	watchProdPages: true,
	prodReasonDefault: &quot;&quot;,
	logProdPages: false,
	prodLogPageName: &quot;PROD log&quot;,
	 // CSD
	speedySelectionStyle: &quot;buttonClick&quot;,
	watchSpeedyPages: [ &quot;g3&quot;, &quot;g5&quot;, &quot;g10&quot;, &quot;g11&quot;, &quot;g12&quot; ],
	markSpeedyPagesAsPatrolled: true,
	// these next two should probably be identical by default
	notifyUserOnSpeedyDeletionNomination:    [ &quot;db&quot;, &quot;g1&quot;, &quot;g2&quot;, &quot;g3&quot;, &quot;g4&quot;, &quot;g6&quot;, &quot;g10&quot;, &quot;g11&quot;, &quot;g12&quot;, &quot;g13&quot;, &quot;a1&quot;, &quot;a2&quot;, &quot;a3&quot;, &quot;a5&quot;, &quot;a7&quot;, &quot;a9&quot;, &quot;a10&quot;, &quot;a11&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;u3&quot;, &quot;u5&quot;, &quot;t2&quot;, &quot;t3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot; ],
	welcomeUserOnSpeedyDeletionNotification: [ &quot;db&quot;, &quot;g1&quot;, &quot;g2&quot;, &quot;g3&quot;, &quot;g4&quot;, &quot;g6&quot;, &quot;g10&quot;, &quot;g11&quot;, &quot;g12&quot;, &quot;g13&quot;, &quot;a1&quot;, &quot;a2&quot;, &quot;a3&quot;, &quot;a5&quot;, &quot;a7&quot;, &quot;a9&quot;, &quot;a10&quot;, &quot;a11&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;u3&quot;, &quot;u5&quot;, &quot;t2&quot;, &quot;t3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot; ],
	promptForSpeedyDeletionSummary: [],
	openUserTalkPageOnSpeedyDelete: [ &quot;db&quot;, &quot;g1&quot;, &quot;g2&quot;, &quot;g3&quot;, &quot;g4&quot;, &quot;g5&quot;, &quot;g10&quot;, &quot;g11&quot;, &quot;g12&quot;, &quot;a1&quot;, &quot;a3&quot;, &quot;a7&quot;, &quot;a9&quot;, &quot;a10&quot;, &quot;a11&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;u3&quot;, &quot;u5&quot;, &quot;t2&quot;, &quot;p1&quot; ],
	deleteTalkPageOnDelete: true,
	deleteRedirectsOnDelete: true,
	deleteSysopDefaultToTag: false,
	speedyWindowHeight: 500,
	speedyWindowWidth: 800,
	logSpeedyNominations: false,
	speedyLogPageName: &quot;CSD log&quot;,
	noLogOnSpeedyNomination: [ &quot;u1&quot; ],
	 // Unlink
	unlinkNamespaces: [ &quot;0&quot;, &quot;10&quot;, &quot;100&quot;, &quot;118&quot; ],
	 // Warn
	defaultWarningGroup: &quot;1&quot;,
	showSharedIPNotice: true,
	watchWarnings: true,
	customWarningList: [],
	 // XfD
	xfdWatchDiscussion: &quot;default&quot;,
	xfdWatchList: &quot;no&quot;,
	xfdWatchPage: &quot;default&quot;,
	xfdWatchUser: &quot;default&quot;,
	markXfdPagesAsPatrolled: true,
	 // Hidden preferences
	revertMaxRevisions: 50,
	batchdeleteChunks: 50,
	batchMax: 5000,
	batchProtectChunks: 50,
	batchundeleteChunks: 50,
	proddeleteChunks: 50
};

// now some skin dependent config.
if ( mw.config.get( &quot;skin&quot; ) === &quot;vector&quot; ) {
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletArea = &quot;right-navigation&quot;;
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletId   = &quot;p-twinkle&quot;;
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletName = &quot;TW&quot;;
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletType = &quot;menu&quot;;
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletNext = &quot;p-search&quot;;
} else {
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletArea =  null;
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletId   = &quot;p-cactions&quot;;
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletName = null;
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletType = null;
	Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle.portletNext = null;
}

Twinkle.defaultConfig.friendly = {
	 // Tag
	groupByDefault: true,
	watchTaggedPages: true,
	watchMergeDiscussions: true,
	markTaggedPagesAsMinor: false,
	markTaggedPagesAsPatrolled: true,
	tagArticleSortOrder: &quot;cat&quot;,
	customTagList: [],
	 // Welcome
	topWelcomes: false,
	watchWelcomes: true,
	welcomeHeading: &quot;Welcome&quot;,
	insertHeadings: true,
	insertUsername: true,
	insertSignature: true,  // sign welcome templates, where appropriate
	quickWelcomeMode: &quot;norm&quot;,
	quickWelcomeTemplate: &quot;welcome&quot;,
	customWelcomeList: [],
	customWelcomeSignature: true,
	 // Talkback
	markTalkbackAsMinor: true,
	insertTalkbackSignature: true,  // always sign talkback templates
	talkbackHeading: &quot;Talkback&quot;,
	adminNoticeHeading: &quot;Notice&quot;,
	mailHeading: &quot;You've got mail!&quot;,
	 // Shared
	markSharedIPAsMinor: true
};

Twinkle.getPref = function twinkleGetPref( name ) {
	var result;
	if ( typeof Twinkle.prefs === &quot;object&quot; &amp;&amp; typeof Twinkle.prefs.twinkle === &quot;object&quot; ) {
		// look in Twinkle.prefs (twinkleoptions.js)
		result = Twinkle.prefs.twinkle[name];
	} else if ( typeof window.TwinkleConfig === &quot;object&quot; ) {
		// look in TwinkleConfig
		result = window.TwinkleConfig[name];
	}

	if ( result === undefined ) {
		return Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle[name];
	}
	return result;
};

Twinkle.getFriendlyPref = function twinkleGetFriendlyPref(name) {
	var result;
	if ( typeof Twinkle.prefs === &quot;object&quot; &amp;&amp; typeof Twinkle.prefs.friendly === &quot;object&quot; ) {
		// look in Twinkle.prefs (twinkleoptions.js)
		result = Twinkle.prefs.friendly[ name ];
	} else if ( typeof window.FriendlyConfig === &quot;object&quot; ) {
		// look in FriendlyConfig
		result = window.FriendlyConfig[ name ];
	}

	if ( result === undefined ) {
		return Twinkle.defaultConfig.friendly[ name ];
	}
	return result;
};


/**
 * **************** Twinkle.addPortlet() ****************
 *
 * Adds a portlet menu to one of the navigation areas on the page.
 * This is necessarily quite a hack since skins, navigation areas, and
 * portlet menu types all work slightly different.
 *
 * Available navigation areas depend on the skin used.
 * Monobook:
 *  &quot;column-one&quot;, outer div class &quot;portlet&quot;, inner div class &quot;pBody&quot;. Existing portlets: &quot;p-cactions&quot;, &quot;p-personal&quot;, &quot;p-logo&quot;, &quot;p-navigation&quot;, &quot;p-search&quot;, &quot;p-interaction&quot;, &quot;p-tb&quot;, &quot;p-coll-print_export&quot;
 *  Special layout of p-cactions and p-personal through specialized styles.
 * Vector:
 *  &quot;mw-panel&quot;, outer div class &quot;portal&quot;, inner div class &quot;body&quot;. Existing portlets/elements: &quot;p-logo&quot;, &quot;p-navigation&quot;, &quot;p-interaction&quot;, &quot;p-tb&quot;, &quot;p-coll-print_export&quot;
 *  &quot;left-navigation&quot;, outer div class &quot;vectorTabs&quot; or &quot;vectorMenu&quot;, inner div class &quot;&quot; or &quot;menu&quot;. Existing portlets: &quot;p-namespaces&quot;, &quot;p-variants&quot; (menu)
 *  &quot;right-navigation&quot;, outer div class &quot;vectorTabs&quot; or &quot;vectorMenu&quot;, inner div class &quot;&quot; or &quot;menu&quot;. Existing portlets: &quot;p-views&quot;, &quot;p-cactions&quot; (menu), &quot;p-search&quot;
 *  Special layout of p-personal portlet (part of &quot;head&quot;) through specialized styles.
 * Modern:
 *  &quot;mw_contentwrapper&quot; (top nav), outer div class &quot;portlet&quot;, inner div class &quot;pBody&quot;. Existing portlets or elements: &quot;p-cactions&quot;, &quot;mw_content&quot;
 *  &quot;mw_portlets&quot; (sidebar), outer div class &quot;portlet&quot;, inner div class &quot;pBody&quot;. Existing portlets: &quot;p-navigation&quot;, &quot;p-search&quot;, &quot;p-interaction&quot;, &quot;p-tb&quot;, &quot;p-coll-print_export&quot;
 *
 * @param String navigation -- id of the target navigation area (skin dependant, on vector either of &quot;left-navigation&quot;, &quot;right-navigation&quot;, or &quot;mw-panel&quot;)
 * @param String id -- id of the portlet menu to create, preferably start with &quot;p-&quot;.
 * @param String text -- name of the portlet menu to create. Visibility depends on the class used.
 * @param String type -- type of portlet. Currently only used for the vector non-sidebar portlets, pass &quot;menu&quot; to make this portlet a drop down menu.
 * @param Node nextnodeid -- the id of the node before which the new item should be added, should be another item in the same list, or undefined to place it at the end.
 *
 * @return Node -- the DOM node of the new item (a DIV element) or null
 */
Twinkle.addPortlet = function( navigation, id, text, type, nextnodeid )
{
	//sanity checks, and get required DOM nodes
	var root = document.getElementById( navigation );
	if ( !root ) {
		return null;
	}

	var item = document.getElementById( id );
	if ( item ) {
		if ( item.parentNode &amp;&amp; item.parentNode === root ) {
			return item;
		}
		return null;
	}

	var nextnode;
	if ( nextnodeid ) {
		nextnode = document.getElementById(nextnodeid);
	}

	//verify/normalize input
	var skin = mw.config.get(&quot;skin&quot;);
	type = ( skin === &quot;vector&quot; &amp;&amp; type === &quot;menu&quot; &amp;&amp; ( navigation === &quot;left-navigation&quot; || navigation === &quot;right-navigation&quot; )) ? &quot;menu&quot; : &quot;&quot;;
	var outerDivClass;
	var innerDivClass;
	switch ( skin )
	{
		case &quot;vector&quot;:
			if ( navigation !== &quot;portal&quot; &amp;&amp; navigation !== &quot;left-navigation&quot; &amp;&amp; navigation !== &quot;right-navigation&quot; ) {
				navigation = &quot;mw-panel&quot;;
			}
			outerDivClass = ( navigation === &quot;mw-panel&quot; ) ? &quot;portal&quot; : ( type === &quot;menu&quot; ? &quot;vectorMenu&quot; : &quot;vectorTabs&quot; );
			innerDivClass = ( navigation === &quot;mw-panel&quot; ) ? &quot;body&quot; : ( type === &quot;menu&quot; ? &quot;menu&quot; : &quot;&quot; );
			break;
		case &quot;modern&quot;:
			if ( navigation !== &quot;mw_portlets&quot; &amp;&amp; navigation !== &quot;mw_contentwrapper&quot; ) {
				navigation = &quot;mw_portlets&quot;;
			}
			outerDivClass = &quot;portlet&quot;;
			innerDivClass = &quot;pBody&quot;;
			break;
		default:
			navigation = &quot;column-one&quot;;
			outerDivClass = &quot;portlet&quot;;
			innerDivClass = &quot;pBody&quot;;
			break;
	}

	// Build the DOM elements.
	var outerDiv = document.createElement( &quot;div&quot; );
	outerDiv.className = outerDivClass + &quot; emptyPortlet&quot;;
	outerDiv.id = id;
	if ( nextnode &amp;&amp; nextnode.parentNode === root ) {
		root.insertBefore( outerDiv, nextnode );
	} else {
		root.appendChild( outerDiv );
	}

	var h5 = document.createElement( &quot;h3&quot; );
	if ( type === &quot;menu&quot; ) {
		var span = document.createElement( &quot;span&quot; );
		span.appendChild( document.createTextNode( text ) );
		h5.appendChild( span );

		var a = document.createElement( &quot;a&quot; );
		a.href = &quot;#&quot;;

		$( a ).click(function ( e ) {
			e.preventDefault();

			if ( !Twinkle.userAuthorized ) {
				alert(&quot;Sorry, your account is too new to use Twinkle.&quot;);
			}
		});

		h5.appendChild( a );
	} else {
		h5.appendChild( document.createTextNode( text ) );
	}
	outerDiv.appendChild( h5 );

	var innerDiv = null;
	if ( type === &quot;menu&quot; ) {
		innerDiv = document.createElement( &quot;div&quot; );
		innerDiv.className = innerDivClass;
		outerDiv.appendChild(innerDiv);
	}

	var ul = document.createElement( &quot;ul&quot; );
	(innerDiv || outerDiv).appendChild( ul );

	return outerDiv;
};


/**
 * **************** Twinkle.addPortletLink() ****************
 * Builds a portlet menu if it doesn't exist yet, and add the portlet link.
 * @param task: Either a URL for the portlet link or a function to execute.
 */
Twinkle.addPortletLink = function( task, text, id, tooltip )
{
	if ( Twinkle.getPref(&quot;portletArea&quot;) !== null ) {
		Twinkle.addPortlet( Twinkle.getPref( &quot;portletArea&quot; ), Twinkle.getPref( &quot;portletId&quot; ), Twinkle.getPref( &quot;portletName&quot; ), Twinkle.getPref( &quot;portletType&quot; ), Twinkle.getPref( &quot;portletNext&quot; ));
	}
	var link = mw.util.addPortletLink( Twinkle.getPref( &quot;portletId&quot; ), typeof task === &quot;string&quot; ? task : &quot;#&quot;, text, id, tooltip );
	$('.client-js .skin-vector #p-cactions').css('margin-right', 'initial');
	if ( $.isFunction( task ) ) {
		$( link ).click(function ( ev ) {
			task();
			ev.preventDefault();
		});
	}
	if ( $.collapsibleTabs ) {
		$.collapsibleTabs.handleResize();
	}
	return link;
};


/**
 * **************** General initialization code ****************
 */

var scriptpathbefore = mw.util.wikiScript( &quot;index&quot; ) + &quot;?title=&quot;,
    scriptpathafter = &quot;&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript&amp;happy=yes&quot;;

// Retrieve the user's Twinkle preferences
$.ajax({
	url: scriptpathbefore + &quot;User:&quot; + encodeURIComponent( mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;)) + &quot;/twinkleoptions.js&quot; + scriptpathafter,
	dataType: &quot;text&quot;
})
	.fail(function () {	mw.notify( &quot;Could not load twinkleoptions.js&quot; ); })
	.done(function ( optionsText ) {

		// Quick pass if user has no options
		if ( optionsText === &quot;&quot; ) {
			return;
		}

		// Twinkle options are basically a JSON object with some comments. Strip those:
		optionsText = optionsText.replace( /(?:^(?:\/\/[^\n]*\n)*\n*|(?:\/\/[^\n]*(?:\n|$))*$)/g, &quot;&quot; );

		// First version of options had some boilerplate code to make it eval-able -- strip that too. This part may become obsolete down the line.
		if ( optionsText.lastIndexOf( &quot;window.Twinkle.prefs = &quot;, 0 ) === 0 ) {
			optionsText = optionsText.replace( /(?:^window.Twinkle.prefs = |;\n*$)/g, &quot;&quot; );
		}

		try {
			var options = JSON.parse( optionsText );

			// Assuming that our options evolve, we will want to transform older versions:
			//if ( options.optionsVersion === undefined ) {
			// ...
			// options.optionsVersion = 1;
			//}
			//if ( options.optionsVersion === 1 ) {
			// ...
			// options.optionsVersion = 2;
			//}
			// At the same time, twinkleconfig.js needs to be adapted to write a higher version number into the options.

			if ( options ) {
				Twinkle.prefs = options;
			}
		}
		catch ( e ) {
			mw.notify(&quot;Could not parse twinkleoptions.js&quot;);
		}
	})
	.always(function () {
		$( Twinkle.load );
	});

// Developers: you can import custom Twinkle modules here
// For example, mw.loader.load(scriptpathbefore + &quot;User:UncleDouggie/morebits-test.js&quot; + scriptpathafter);

Twinkle.load = function () {
	// Don't activate on special pages other than those on the whitelist so that
	// they load faster, especially the watchlist.
	var specialPageWhitelist = [ 'Contributions', 'DeletedContributions', 'Prefixindex' ];
	var isSpecialPage = ( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === -1 &amp;&amp;
		specialPageWhitelist.indexOf( mw.config.get('wgCanonicalSpecialPageName') ) === -1 );

	// Also, Twinkle is incompatible with Internet Explorer versions 8 or lower,
	// so don't load there either.
	var isOldIE = ( $.client.profile().name === 'msie' &amp;&amp;
		$.client.profile().versionNumber &lt; 9 );

	// Prevent users that are not autoconfirmed from loading Twinkle as well.
	if ( isSpecialPage || isOldIE || !Twinkle.userAuthorized ) {
		return;
	}

	// Prevent clickjacking
	if ( window.top !== window.self ) {
		return;
	}

	// Set custom Api-User-Agent header, for server-side logging purposes
	Morebits.wiki.api.setApiUserAgent( 'Twinkle/2.0 (' + mw.config.get( 'wgDBname' ) + ')' );

	// Load the modules in the order that the tabs should appear
	// User/user talk-related
	Twinkle.arv();
	Twinkle.warn();
	if ( Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') ) {
		Twinkle.block();
	}
	Twinkle.welcome();
	Twinkle.shared();
	Twinkle.talkback();
	// Deletion
	Twinkle.speedy();
	Twinkle.prod();
	Twinkle.xfd();
	Twinkle.image();
	// Maintenance
	Twinkle.protect();
	Twinkle.tag();
	// Misc. ones last
	Twinkle.diff();
	Twinkle.unlink();
	Twinkle.config.init();
	Twinkle.fluff.init();
	if ( Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') ) {
		Twinkle.deprod();
		Twinkle.batchdelete();
		Twinkle.batchprotect();
		Twinkle.batchundelete();
	}
	// Run the initialization callbacks for any custom modules
	Twinkle.initCallbacks.forEach(function ( func ) { func(); });
	Twinkle.addInitCallback = function ( func ) { func(); };

	// Increases text size in Twinkle dialogs, if so configured
	if ( Twinkle.getPref( &quot;dialogLargeFont&quot; ) ) {
		mw.util.addCSS( &quot;.morebits-dialog-content, .morebits-dialog-footerlinks { font-size: 100% !important; } &quot; +
			&quot;.morebits-dialog input, .morebits-dialog select, .morebits-dialog-content button { font-size: inherit !important; }&quot; );
	}
};

} ( window, document, jQuery )); // End wrap with anonymous function

// &lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s5uxxdhw72hjsiu4widgwv2onznog7z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinkleprod.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5630</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32196</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:21:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-5</comment>
      <origin>32196</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="12015" sha1="8usoi4k8snlj5sssq723mq7qk7gvyua" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinkleprod.js: PROD module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;PROD&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing articles and files which are not redirects
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

Twinkle.prod = function twinkleprod() {
	if( [0, 6].indexOf(mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber')) === -1 || !mw.config.get('wgCurRevisionId') || Morebits.wiki.isPageRedirect() ) {
		return;
	}

	Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.prod.callback, &quot;PROD&quot;, &quot;tw-prod&quot;, &quot;Propose deletion via WP:PROD&quot; );
};

// Used in edit summaries, for comparisons, etc.
var namespace;

Twinkle.prod.callback = function twinkleprodCallback() {
	Twinkle.prod.defaultReason = Twinkle.getPref('prodReasonDefault');

	// TODO: add 'book' as well, namespace number 108
	switch (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber')) {
		case 0:
			namespace = 'article';
			break;
		case 6:
			namespace = 'file';
			break;
	}

	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 800, 410 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;Proposed deletion (PROD)&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Proposed deletion policy&quot;, &quot;WP:PROD&quot; );

	if (namespace === 'article') {
		Window.addFooterLink( &quot;BLP PROD policy&quot;, &quot;WP:BLPPROD&quot; );
	}

	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#prod&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.prod.callback.evaluate );

	var field = form.append( {
			type: 'field',
			label: 'PROD type',
			id: 'prodtype_fieldset'
		} );

	field.append( {
			type: 'radio',
			name: 'prodtype',
			event: Twinkle.prod.callback.prodtypechanged,
			list: [
				{
					label: 'PROD (proposed deletion)',
					value: 'prod',
					checked: true,
					tooltip: 'Normal proposed deletion, per [[WP:PROD]]'
				},
				{
					label: 'BLP PROD (proposed deletion of unsourced BLPs)',
					value: 'prodblp',
					tooltip: 'Proposed deletion of new, completely unsourced biographies of living persons, per [[WP:BLPPROD]]'
				}
			]
		} );

	form.append( {
			type: 'field',
			label:'Work area',
			name: 'work_area'
		} );

	form.append( { type:'submit', label:'Propose deletion' } );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();

	// Fake a change event on the first prod type radio, to initialize the type-dependent controls
	var evt = document.createEvent( &quot;Event&quot; );
	evt.initEvent( 'change', true, true );
	result.prodtype[0].dispatchEvent( evt );

	// Hide fieldset for PROD type if File namespace since only normal PROD is allowed
	if (namespace === 'file') {
		$('#prodtype_fieldset').hide();
	}
};

Twinkle.prod.callback.prodtypechanged = function(event) {
	//prepare frame for prod type dependant controls
	var field = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
			type: 'field',
			label: 'Parameters',
			name: 'work_area'
		} );
	// create prod type dependant controls
	switch( event.target.values ) {
		case 'prod':
			field.append( {
					type: 'checkbox',
					list: [
						{
							label: 'Notify page creator if possible',
							value: 'notify',
							name: 'notify',
							tooltip: &quot;A notification template will be placed on the creator's talk page if this is true.&quot;,
							checked: true
						}
					]
				}
			);
			field.append( {
					type: 'textarea',
					name: 'reason',
					label: 'Reason for proposed deletion:',
					value: Twinkle.prod.defaultReason
				} );
			break;

		case 'prodblp':
			// first, remember the prod value that the user entered in the textarea, in case he wants to switch back. We can abuse the config field for that.
			if (event.target.form.reason) {
				Twinkle.prod.defaultReason = event.target.form.reason.value;
			}

			field.append( {
					type: 'checkbox',
					list: [
						{
							label: 'Notify page creator if possible',
							value: 'notify',
							name: 'notify',
							tooltip: 'Creator of ' + namespace + ' has to be notified.',
							checked: true,
							disabled: true
						}
					]
				}
			);
			//temp warning, can be removed down the line once BLPPROD is more established. Amalthea, May 2010.
			var boldtext = document.createElement('b');
			boldtext.appendChild(document.createTextNode('Please note that only unsourced biographies of living persons are eligible for this tag, narrowly construed.'));
			field.append({
				type: 'div',
				label: boldtext
			});
			break;

		default:
			break;
	}

	event.target.form.replaceChild( field.render(), $(event.target.form).find('fieldset[name=&quot;work_area&quot;]')[0] );
};

Twinkle.prod.callbacks = {
	main: function(pageobj) {
		var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

		if( !pageobj.exists() ) {
			statelem.error( &quot;It seems that the page doesn't exist. Perhaps it has already been deleted.&quot; );
			return;
		}

		var text = pageobj.getPageText();
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

		var tag_re = /({{(?:db-?|delete|[aitcmrs]fd|md1)[^{}]*?\|?[^{}]*?}})/i;
		if( tag_re.test( text ) ) {
			statelem.warn( 'Page already tagged with a deletion template, aborting procedure' );
			return;
		}

		// Remove tags that become superfluous with this action
		text = text.replace(/{{\s*(new unreviewed article|unreviewed|userspace draft|mtc|(copy|move) to wikimedia commons|(copy |move )?to ?commons)\s*(\|(?:{{[^{}]*}}|[^{}])*)?}}\s*/gi, &quot;&quot;);
		var prod_re = /{{\s*(?:dated prod|dated files|dated prod blp|Prod blp\/dated|Proposed deletion\/dated)\s*\|(?:{{[^{}]*}}|[^{}])*}}/i;
		var summaryText;
		if( !prod_re.test( text ) ) {
			// Notification to first contributor
			if( params.usertalk ) {
				var thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'));
				thispage.setCallbackParameters(params);
				thispage.lookupCreator(Twinkle.prod.callbacks.userNotification);
			}
			// If not notifying, log this PROD
			else if( Twinkle.getPref('logProdPages') ) {
				Twinkle.prod.callbacks.addToLog(params);
			}

			summaryText = &quot;Proposing &quot; + namespace + &quot; for deletion per [[WP:&quot; + (params.blp ? &quot;BLP&quot; : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;PROD]].&quot;;
			text = &quot;{{subst:prod&quot; + (params.blp ? &quot; blp&quot; : (&quot;|1=&quot; + Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason))) + &quot;}}\n&quot; + text;
		}
		else {  // already tagged for PROD, so try endorsing it
			var prod2_re = /{{(?:Proposed deletion endorsed|prod-?2).*?}}/;
			if( prod2_re.test( text ) ) {
				statelem.warn( 'Page already tagged with {{proposed deletion}} and {{proposed deletion endorsed}} templates, aborting procedure' );
				return;
			}
			var confirmtext = &quot;A {{proposed deletion}} tag was already found on this &quot; + namespace + &quot;. \nWould you like to add a {{proposed deletion endorsed}} tag with your explanation?&quot;;
			if (params.blp) {
				confirmtext = &quot;A non-BLP {{proposed deletion}} tag was found on this article.\nWould you like to add a {{proposed deletion endorsed}} tag with explanation \&quot;article is a biography of a living person with no sources\&quot;?&quot;;
			}
			if( !confirm( confirmtext ) ) {
				statelem.warn( 'Aborted per user request' );
				return;
			}

			summaryText = &quot;Endorsing proposed deletion per [[WP:&quot; + (params.blp ? &quot;BLP&quot; : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;PROD]].&quot;;
			text = text.replace( prod_re, text.match( prod_re ) + &quot;\n{{proposed deletion endorsed|1=&quot; + (params.blp ?
				&quot;article is a [[WP:BLPPROD|biography of a living person with no sources]]&quot; :
				Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason)) + &quot;}}\n&quot; );

			if( Twinkle.getPref('logProdPages') ) {
				params.logEndorsing = true;
				Twinkle.prod.callbacks.addToLog(params);
			}
		}

		pageobj.setPageText(text);
		pageobj.setEditSummary(summaryText + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		pageobj.setWatchlist(Twinkle.getPref('watchProdPages'));
		pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
		pageobj.save();
	},

	userNotification: function(pageobj) {
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		var initialContrib = pageobj.getCreator();

		// Disallow warning yourself
		if (initialContrib === mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;)) {
			pageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);
			if (Twinkle.getPref(&quot;logProdPages&quot;)) {
				Twinkle.prod.callbacks.addToLog(params);
			}
			return;
		}

		// [[Template:Proposed deletion notify]] supports File namespace
		var notifyTemplate = params.blp ? 'prodwarningBLP' : 'proposed deletion notify';

		var usertalkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib, &quot;Notifying initial contributor (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;)&quot;);
		var notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:&quot; + notifyTemplate + &quot;|1=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;|concern=&quot; + params.reason + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
		usertalkpage.setAppendText(notifytext);
		usertalkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notification: proposed deletion of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		usertalkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
		usertalkpage.setFollowRedirect(true);
		usertalkpage.append();
		if (Twinkle.getPref('logProdPages')) {
			params.logInitialContrib = initialContrib;
			Twinkle.prod.callbacks.addToLog(params);
		}
	},

	addToLog: function(params) {
		var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(&quot;User:&quot; + mw.config.get('wgUserName') + &quot;/&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('prodLogPageName'), &quot;Adding entry to userspace log&quot;);
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
		wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.prod.callbacks.saveLog);
	},

	saveLog: function(pageobj) {
		var text = pageobj.getPageText();
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

		// add blurb if log page doesn't exist
		if (!pageobj.exists()) {
			text =
				&quot;This is a log of all [[WP:PROD|proposed deletion]] tags applied or endorsed by this user using [[WP:TW|Twinkle]]'s PROD module.\n\n&quot; +
				&quot;If you no longer wish to keep this log, you can turn it off using the [[Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preferences|preferences panel]], and &quot; +
				&quot;nominate this page for speedy deletion under [[WP:CSD#U1|CSD U1]].\n&quot;;
		}

		// create monthly header
		var date = new Date();
		var headerRe = new RegExp(&quot;^==+\\s*&quot; + date.getUTCMonthName() + &quot;\\s+&quot; + date.getUTCFullYear() + &quot;\\s*==+&quot;, &quot;m&quot;);
		if (!headerRe.exec(text)) {
			text += &quot;\n\n=== &quot; + date.getUTCMonthName() + &quot; &quot; + date.getUTCFullYear() + &quot; ===&quot;;
		}

		var summarytext;
		if (params.logEndorsing) {
			text += &quot;\n# [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]]: endorsed &quot; + (params.blp ? &quot;BLP &quot; : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;PROD. ~~~~~&quot;;
			if (params.reason) {
				text += &quot;\n#* '''Reason''': &quot; + params.reason + &quot;\n&quot;;
			}
			summarytext = &quot;Logging endorsement of PROD nomination of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
		} else {
			text += &quot;\n# [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]]: &quot; + (params.blp ? &quot;BLP &quot; : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;PROD&quot;;
			if (params.logInitialContrib) {
				text += &quot;; notified {{user|&quot; + params.logInitialContrib + &quot;}}&quot;;
			}
			text += &quot; ~~~~~\n&quot;;
			if (!params.blp) {
				text += &quot;#* '''Reason''': &quot; + params.reason + &quot;\n&quot;;
			}
			summarytext = &quot;Logging PROD nomination of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
		}

		pageobj.setPageText(text);
		pageobj.setEditSummary(summarytext + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		pageobj.setCreateOption(&quot;recreate&quot;);
		pageobj.save();
	}
};

Twinkle.prod.callback.evaluate = function twinkleprodCallbackEvaluate(e) {
	var form = e.target;
	var prodtype;

	var prodtypes = form.prodtype;
	for( var i = 0; i &lt; prodtypes.length; i++ ) {
		if( !prodtypes[i].checked ) {
			continue;
		}
		prodtype = prodtypes[i].values;
		break;
	}

	var params = {
		usertalk: form.notify.checked,
		blp: prodtype === 'prodblp',
		reason: prodtype === 'prodblp' ? '' : form.reason.value  // using an empty string here as fallback will help with prod-2.
	};

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( form );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Tagging complete&quot;;

	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Tagging page&quot;);
	wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);  // for NPP, and also because redirects are ineligible for PROD
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
	wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.prod.callbacks.main);
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8usoi4k8snlj5sssq723mq7qk7gvyua</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinkleimage.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5631</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32197</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:23:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-6</comment>
      <origin>32197</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="11145" sha1="tgl9gxs1fjtld2u64tynziwkf3x3xq4" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinkleimage.js: Image CSD module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;DI&quot;)
 * Active on:              File pages with a corresponding file which is local (not on Commons)
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

Twinkle.image = function twinkleimage() {
	if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp;
			!document.getElementById(&quot;mw-sharedupload&quot;) &amp;&amp;
			document.getElementById(&quot;mw-imagepage-section-filehistory&quot;)) {

		Twinkle.addPortletLink(Twinkle.image.callback, &quot;DI&quot;, &quot;tw-di&quot;, &quot;Nominate file for delayed speedy deletion&quot;);
	}
};

Twinkle.image.callback = function twinkleimageCallback() {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 330 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;File for dated speedy deletion&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Speedy deletion policy&quot;, &quot;WP:CSD&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#image&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.image.callback.evaluate );
	form.append( {
			type: 'checkbox',
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Notify original uploader',
					value: 'notify',
					name: 'notify',
					tooltip: &quot;Uncheck this if you are planning to make multiple nominations from the same user, and don't want to overload their talk page with too many notifications.&quot;,
					checked: Twinkle.getPref('notifyUserOnDeli')
				}
			]
		}
	);
	var field = form.append( {
			type: 'field',
			label: 'Type of action wanted'
		} );
	field.append( {
			type: 'radio',
			name: 'type',
			event: Twinkle.image.callback.choice,
			list: [
				{
					label: 'No source (CSD F4)',
					value: 'no source',
					checked: true,
					tooltip: 'Image or media has no source information'
				},
				{
					label: 'No license (CSD F4)',
					value: 'no license',
					tooltip: 'Image or media does not have information on its copyright status'
				},
				{
					label: 'No source and no license (CSD F4)',
					value: 'no source no license',
					tooltip: 'Image or media has neither information on source nor its copyright status'
				},
				{
					label: 'Orphaned fair use (CSD F5)',
					value: 'orphaned fair use',
					tooltip: 'Image or media is unlicensed for use on Wikipedia and allowed only under a claim of fair use per Wikipedia:Non-free content, but it is not used in any articles'
				},
				{
					label: 'No fair use rationale (CSD F6)',
					value: 'no fair use rationale',
					tooltip: 'Image or media is claimed to be used under Wikipedia\'s fair use policy but has no explanation as to why it is permitted under the policy'
				},
				{
					label: 'Disputed fair use rationale (CSD F7)',
					value: 'disputed fair use rationale',
					tooltip: 'Image or media has a fair use rationale that is disputed'
				},
				{
					label: 'Replaceable fair use (CSD F7)',
					value: 'replaceable fair use',
					tooltip: 'Image or media may fail Wikipedia\'s first non-free content criterion ([[WP:NFCC#1]]) in that it illustrates a subject for which a free image might reasonably be found or created that adequately provides the same information'
				},
				{
					label: 'No evidence of permission (CSD F11)',
					value: 'no permission',
					tooltip: 'Image or media does not have proof that the author agreed to licence the file'
				}
			]
		} );
	form.append( {
			type: 'div',
			label: 'Work area',
			name: 'work_area'
		} );
	form.append( { type:'submit' } );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();

	// We must init the parameters
	var evt = document.createEvent( &quot;Event&quot; );
	evt.initEvent( 'change', true, true );
	result.type[0].dispatchEvent( evt );
};

Twinkle.image.callback.choice = function twinkleimageCallbackChoose(event) {
	var value = event.target.values;
	var root = event.target.form;
	var work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
			type: 'div',
			name: 'work_area'
		} );

	switch( value ) {
		case 'no source no license':
		case 'no source':
			work_area.append( {
					type: 'checkbox',
					name: 'non_free',
					list: [
						{
							label: 'Non-free',
							tooltip: 'File is licensed under a fair use claim'
						}
					]
				} );
		/* falls through */
		case 'no license':
			work_area.append( {
					type: 'checkbox',
					name: 'derivative',
					list: [
						{
							label: 'Derivative work which lacks a source for incorporated works',
							tooltip: 'File is a derivative of one or more other works whose source is not specified'
						}
					]
				} );
			break;
		case 'no permission':
			work_area.append( {
					type: 'input',
					name: 'source',
					label: 'Source: '
				} );
			break;
		case 'disputed fair use rationale':
			work_area.append( {
					type: 'textarea',
					name: 'reason',
					label: 'Concern: '
				} );
			break;
		case 'orphaned fair use':
			work_area.append( {
					type: 'input',
					name: 'replacement',
					label: 'Replacement: '
				} );
			break;
		case 'replaceable fair use':
			work_area.append( {
					type: 'textarea',
					name: 'reason',
					label: 'Reason: '
				} );
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}

	root.replaceChild( work_area.render(), $(root).find('div[name=&quot;work_area&quot;]')[0] );
};

Twinkle.image.callback.evaluate = function twinkleimageCallbackEvaluate(event) {
	var type, non_free, source, reason, replacement, derivative;

	var notify = event.target.notify.checked;
	var types = event.target.type;
	for( var i = 0; i &lt; types.length; ++i ) {
		if( types[i].checked ) {
			type = types[i].values;
			break;
		}
	}
	if( event.target.non_free ) {
		non_free = event.target.non_free.checked;
	}
	if( event.target.source ) {
		source = event.target.source.value;
	}
	if( event.target.reason ) {
		reason = event.target.reason.value;
	}
	if( event.target.replacement ) {
		replacement = event.target.replacement.value;
	}
	if( event.target.derivative ) {
		derivative = event.target.derivative.checked;
	}

	var csdcrit;
	switch( type ) {
		case 'no source no license':
		case 'no source':
		case 'no license':
			csdcrit = &quot;F4&quot;;
			break;
		case 'orphaned fair use':
			csdcrit = &quot;F5&quot;;
			break;
		case 'no fair use rationale':
			csdcrit = &quot;F6&quot;;
			break;
		case 'disputed fair use rationale':
		case 'replaceable fair use':
			csdcrit = &quot;F7&quot;;
			break;
		case 'no permission':
			csdcrit = &quot;F11&quot;;
			break;
		default:
			throw new Error( &quot;Twinkle.image.callback.evaluate: unknown criterion&quot; );
	}

	var lognomination = Twinkle.getPref('logSpeedyNominations') &amp;&amp; Twinkle.getPref('noLogOnSpeedyNomination').indexOf(csdcrit.toLowerCase()) === -1;
	var templatename = (derivative ? ('dw ' + type) : type);

	var params = {
		'type': type,
		'templatename': templatename,
		'normalized': csdcrit,
		'non_free': non_free,
		'source': source,
		'reason': reason,
		'replacement': replacement,
		'lognomination': lognomination
	};
	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( event.target );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Tagging complete&quot;;

	// Tagging image
	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page( mw.config.get('wgPageName'), 'Tagging file with deletion tag' );
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters( params );
	wikipedia_page.load( Twinkle.image.callbacks.taggingImage );

	// Notifying uploader
	if( notify ) {
		wikipedia_page.lookupCreator(Twinkle.image.callbacks.userNotification);
	} else {
		// add to CSD log if desired
		if (lognomination) {
			params.fromDI = true;
			Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.user.addToLog(params, null);
		}
		// No auto-notification, display what was going to be added.
		var noteData = document.createElement( 'pre' );
		noteData.appendChild( document.createTextNode( &quot;{{subst:di-&quot; + templatename + &quot;-notice|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot; ) );
		Morebits.status.info( 'Notification', [ 'Following/similar data should be posted to the original uploader:', document.createElement( 'br' ),  noteData ] );
	}
};

Twinkle.image.callbacks = {
	taggingImage: function(pageobj) {
		var text = pageobj.getPageText();
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

		// remove &quot;move to Commons&quot; tag - deletion-tagged files cannot be moved to Commons
		text = text.replace(/\{\{(mtc|(copy |move )?to ?commons|move to wikimedia commons|copy to wikimedia commons)[^}]*\}\}/gi, &quot;&quot;);

		var tag = &quot;{{di-&quot; + params.templatename + &quot;|date={{subst:#time:j F Y}}&quot;;
		switch( params.type ) {
			case 'no source no license':
			case 'no source':
				tag += params.non_free ? &quot;|non-free=yes&quot; : &quot;&quot;;
				break;
			case 'no permission':
				tag += params.source ? &quot;|source=&quot; + params.source : &quot;&quot;;
				break;
			case 'disputed fair use rationale':
				tag += params.reason ? &quot;|concern=&quot; + params.reason : &quot;&quot;;
				break;
			case 'orphaned fair use':
				tag += params.replacement ? &quot;|replacement=&quot; + params.replacement : &quot;&quot;;
				break;
			case 'replaceable fair use':
				tag += params.reason ? &quot;|1=&quot; + params.reason : &quot;&quot;;
				break;
			default:
				break;  // doesn't matter
		}
		tag += &quot;|help=off}}\n&quot;;

		pageobj.setPageText(tag + text);
		pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;This file is up for deletion, per [[WP:CSD#&quot; + params.normalized + &quot;|CSD &quot; + params.normalized + &quot;]] (&quot; + params.type + &quot;).&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		switch (Twinkle.getPref('deliWatchPage')) {
			case 'yes':
				pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
				break;
			case 'no':
				pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
				break;
			default:
				pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
				break;
		}
		pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
		pageobj.save();
	},
	userNotification: function(pageobj) {
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		var initialContrib = pageobj.getCreator();

		// disallow warning yourself
		if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgUserName')) {
			pageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);
		} else {
			var usertalkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib, &quot;Notifying initial contributor (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;)&quot;);
			var notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:di-&quot; + params.templatename + &quot;-notice|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle');
			if (params.type === 'no permission') {
				notifytext += params.source ? &quot;|source=&quot; + params.source : &quot;&quot;;
			}
			notifytext += &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
			usertalkpage.setAppendText(notifytext);
			usertalkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notification: tagging for deletion of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			usertalkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('deliWatchUser')) {
				case 'yes':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			usertalkpage.setFollowRedirect(true);
			usertalkpage.append();
		}

		// add this nomination to the user's userspace log, if the user has enabled it
		if (params.lognomination) {
			params.fromDI = true;
			Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.user.addToLog(params, initialContrib);
		}
	}
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tgl9gxs1fjtld2u64tynziwkf3x3xq4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinklebatchundelete.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5632</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32198</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:27:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-7</comment>
      <origin>32198</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4232" sha1="lzzxwficqgbdqnvjjg5f1efl5al9abo" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinklebatchundelete.js: Batch undelete module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;Und-batch&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing user and project pages
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */


Twinkle.batchundelete = function twinklebatchundelete() {
	if( ( mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceNumber&quot;) !== mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;).user &amp;&amp;
		mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceNumber&quot;) !== mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;).project ) ||
		!mw.config.get(&quot;wgArticleId&quot;) ) {
		return;
	}
	if( Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ) {
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.batchundelete.callback, &quot;Und-batch&quot;, &quot;tw-batch-undel&quot;, &quot;Undelete 'em all&quot; );
	}
};

Twinkle.batchundelete.callback = function twinklebatchundeleteCallback() {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 400 );
	Window.setScriptName(&quot;Twinkle&quot;);
	Window.setTitle(&quot;Batch undelete&quot;);
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#batchundelete&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.batchundelete.callback.evaluate );
	form.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'reason',
			label: 'Reason: ',
			size: 60
		} );

	var statusdiv = document.createElement( 'div' );
	statusdiv.style.padding = '15px';  // just so it doesn't look broken
	Window.setContent(statusdiv);
	Morebits.status.init(statusdiv);
	Window.display();

	var query = {
		'action': 'query',
		'generator': 'links',
		'titles': mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;),
		'gpllimit' : Twinkle.getPref('batchMax') // the max for sysops
	};
	var statelem = new Morebits.status(&quot;Grabbing list of pages&quot;);
	var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( &quot;loading...&quot;, query, function( apiobj ) {
			var xml = apiobj.responseXML;
			var $pages = $(xml).find('page[missing]');
			var list = [];
			$pages.each(function(index, page) {
				var $page = $(page);
				var title = $page.attr('title');
				list.push({ label: title, value: title, checked: true });
			});
			apiobj.params.form.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Pages to undelete' });
			apiobj.params.form.append({
					type: 'button',
					label: &quot;Select All&quot;,
					event: function(e) {
						$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, 'pages')).prop('checked', true);
					}
				});
			apiobj.params.form.append({
					type: 'button',
					label: &quot;Deselect All&quot;,
					event: function(e) {
						$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, 'pages')).prop('checked', false);
					}
				});
			apiobj.params.form.append( {
					type: 'checkbox',
					name: 'pages',
					list: list
				});
			apiobj.params.form.append( { type:'submit' } );

			var result = apiobj.params.form.render();
			apiobj.params.Window.setContent( result );

			Morebits.checkboxShiftClickSupport(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(result, 'pages'));
		}, statelem );
	wikipedia_api.params = { form:form, Window:Window };
	wikipedia_api.post();
};

Twinkle.batchundelete.callback.evaluate = function( event ) {
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = 'Status';
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.postfix = 'batch undeletion is now complete';

	var pages = event.target.getChecked( 'pages' );
	var reason = event.target.reason.value;
	if( ! reason ) {
		alert(&quot;You need to give a reason, you cabal crony!&quot;);
		return;
	}
	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled(false);
	Morebits.status.init( event.target );

	if( !pages ) {
		Morebits.status.error( 'Error', 'nothing to undelete, aborting' );
		return;
	}

	var batchOperation = new Morebits.batchOperation(&quot;Undeleting pages&quot;);
	batchOperation.setOption(&quot;chunkSize&quot;, Twinkle.getPref('batchUndeleteChunks'));
	batchOperation.setOption(&quot;preserveIndividualStatusLines&quot;, true);
	batchOperation.setPageList(pages);
	batchOperation.run(function(pageName) {
		var query = {
			'token': mw.user.tokens.get().editToken,
			'title': pageName,
			'action': 'undelete',
			'reason': reason + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd')
		};
		var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( &quot;Undeleting page &quot; + pageName, query,
			batchOperation.workerSuccess, null, batchOperation.workerFailure );
		wikipedia_api.statelem.status(&quot;undeleting...&quot;);
		wikipedia_api.pageName = pageName;
		wikipedia_api.post();
	});
};

})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lzzxwficqgbdqnvjjg5f1efl5al9abo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinklewarn.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5633</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32199</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:28:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-8</comment>
      <origin>32199</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="49783" sha1="ez66lfhvqv34332n7wwinoba855z3gz" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinklewarn.js: Warn module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;Warn&quot;)
 * Active on:              User talk pages
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

Twinkle.warn = function twinklewarn() {
	if( mw.config.get( 'wgRelevantUserName' ) ) {
			Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.warn.callback, &quot;Warn&quot;, &quot;tw-warn&quot;, &quot;Warn/notify user&quot; );
	}

	// Modify URL of talk page on rollback success pages. This is only used
	// when a user Ctrl+clicks on a rollback link.
	if( mw.config.get('wgAction') === 'rollback' ) {
		var $vandalTalkLink = $(&quot;#mw-rollback-success&quot;).find(&quot;.mw-usertoollinks a&quot;).first();
		if ( $vandalTalkLink.length ) {
			Twinkle.warn.makeVandalTalkLink($vandalTalkLink);
			$vandalTalkLink.css(&quot;font-weight&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
		}
	}

	// Override the mw.notify function to allow us to inject a link into the
	// rollback success popup. Only users with the 'rollback' right need this,
	// but we have no nice way of knowing who has that right (what with global
	// groups and the like)
	else if( mw.config.get('wgAction') === 'history' ) {
		mw.notifyOriginal = mw.notify;
		mw.notify = function mwNotifyTwinkleOverride(message, options) {
			// This is a horrible, awful hack to add a link to the rollback success
			// popup. All other notification popups should be left untouched.
			// It won't work for people whose user language is not English.
			// As it's a hack, it's liable to stop working or break sometimes,
			// particularly if the text or format of the confirmation message
			// (MediaWiki:Rollback-success-notify) changes.
			var regexMatch;
			if ( options &amp;&amp; options.title &amp;&amp; mw.msg &amp;&amp; options.title === mw.msg('actioncomplete') &amp;&amp;
				message &amp;&amp; $.isArray(message) &amp;&amp; message[0] instanceof HTMLParagraphElement &amp;&amp;
				(regexMatch = /^Reverted edits by (.+);\s+changed/.exec(message[0].innerText))
			) {
				// Create a nicely-styled paragraph to place the link in
				var $p = $('&lt;p/&gt;');
				$p.css(&quot;margin&quot;, &quot;0.5em -1.5em -1.5em&quot;);
				$p.css(&quot;padding&quot;, &quot;0.5em 1.5em 0.8em&quot;);
				$p.css(&quot;border-top&quot;, &quot;1px #666 solid&quot;);
				$p.css(&quot;cursor&quot;, &quot;default&quot;);
				$p.click(function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); });

				// Create the new talk link and append it to the end of the message
				var $vandalTalkLink = $('&lt;a/&gt;');
				$vandalTalkLink.text(&quot;Warn user with Twinkle&quot;);
				//$vandalTalkLink.css(&quot;display&quot;, &quot;block&quot;);
				$vandalTalkLink.attr(&quot;href&quot;, mw.util.getUrl(&quot;User talk:&quot; + regexMatch[1]));
				Twinkle.warn.makeVandalTalkLink($vandalTalkLink);

				$p.append($vandalTalkLink);
				message[0].appendChild($p.get()[0]);

				// Don't auto-hide the notification. It only stays around for 5 seconds by
				// default, which might not be enough time for the user to read it and
				// click the link
				options.autoHide = false;
			}
			mw.notifyOriginal.apply(mw, arguments);
		};
	}

	// for testing, use:
	// mw.notify([ $(&quot;&lt;p&gt;Reverted edits by foo; changed&lt;/p&gt;&quot;)[0] ], { title: mw.msg('actioncomplete') } );
};

Twinkle.warn.makeVandalTalkLink = function($vandalTalkLink) {
	$vandalTalkLink.wrapInner($(&quot;&lt;span/&gt;&quot;).attr(&quot;title&quot;, &quot;If appropriate, you can use Twinkle to warn the user about their edits to this page.&quot;));

	var extraParam = &quot;vanarticle=&quot; + mw.util.rawurlencode(Morebits.pageNameNorm);
	var href = $vandalTalkLink.attr(&quot;href&quot;);
	if (href.indexOf(&quot;?&quot;) === -1) {
		$vandalTalkLink.attr(&quot;href&quot;, href + &quot;?&quot; + extraParam);
	} else {
		$vandalTalkLink.attr(&quot;href&quot;, href + &quot;&amp;&quot; + extraParam);
	}
};

Twinkle.warn.callback = function twinklewarnCallback() {
	if( mw.config.get( 'wgRelevantUserName' ) === mw.config.get( 'wgUserName' ) &amp;&amp;
			!confirm( 'You are about to warn yourself! Are you sure you want to proceed?' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 440 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;Warn/notify user&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Choosing a warning level&quot;, &quot;WP:UWUL#Levels&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#warn&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.warn.callback.evaluate );
	var main_select = form.append( {
			type: 'field',
			label: 'Choose type of warning/notice to issue',
			tooltip: 'First choose a main warning group, then the specific warning to issue.'
		} );

	var main_group = main_select.append( {
			type: 'select',
			name: 'main_group',
			event:Twinkle.warn.callback.change_category
		} );

	var defaultGroup = parseInt(Twinkle.getPref('defaultWarningGroup'), 10);
	main_group.append( { type: 'option', label: 'General note (1)', value: 'level1', selected: ( defaultGroup === 1 || defaultGroup &lt; 1 || ( Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ? defaultGroup &gt; 8 : defaultGroup &gt; 7 ) ) } );
	main_group.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Caution (2)', value: 'level2', selected: ( defaultGroup === 2 ) } );
	main_group.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Warning (3)', value: 'level3', selected: ( defaultGroup === 3 ) } );
	main_group.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Final warning (4)', value: 'level4', selected: ( defaultGroup === 4 ) } );
	main_group.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Only warning (4im)', value: 'level4im', selected: ( defaultGroup === 5 ) } );
	main_group.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Single-issue notices', value: 'singlenotice', selected: ( defaultGroup === 6 ) } );
	main_group.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Single-issue warnings', value: 'singlewarn', selected: ( defaultGroup === 7 ) } );
	if( Twinkle.getPref( 'customWarningList' ).length ) {
		main_group.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Custom warnings', value: 'custom', selected: ( defaultGroup === 9 ) } );
	}

	main_select.append( { type: 'select', name: 'sub_group', event:Twinkle.warn.callback.change_subcategory } ); //Will be empty to begin with.

	form.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'article',
			label: 'Linked article',
			value:( Morebits.queryString.exists( 'vanarticle' ) ? Morebits.queryString.get( 'vanarticle' ) : '' ),
			tooltip: 'An article can be linked within the notice, perhaps because it was a revert to said article that dispatched this notice. Leave empty for no article to be linked.'
		} );

	var more = form.append( { type: 'field', name: 'reasonGroup', label: 'Warning information' } );
	more.append( { type: 'textarea', label: 'Optional message:', name: 'reason', tooltip: 'Perhaps a reason, or that a more detailed notice must be appended' } );

	var previewlink = document.createElement( 'a' );
	$(previewlink).click(function(){
		Twinkle.warn.callbacks.preview(result);  // |result| is defined below
	});
	previewlink.style.cursor = &quot;pointer&quot;;
	previewlink.textContent = 'Preview';
	more.append( { type: 'div', id: 'warningpreview', label: [ previewlink ] } );
	more.append( { type: 'div', id: 'twinklewarn-previewbox', style: 'display: none' } );

	more.append( { type: 'submit', label: 'Submit' } );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();
	result.main_group.root = result;
	result.previewer = new Morebits.wiki.preview($(result).find('div#twinklewarn-previewbox').last()[0]);

	// We must init the first choice (General Note);
	var evt = document.createEvent( &quot;Event&quot; );
	evt.initEvent( 'change', true, true );
	result.main_group.dispatchEvent( evt );
};

// This is all the messages that might be dispatched by the code
// Each of the individual templates require the following information:
//   label (required): A short description displayed in the dialog
//   summary (required): The edit summary used. If an article name is entered, the summary is postfixed with &quot;on [[article]]&quot;, and it is always postfixed with &quot;. $summaryAd&quot;
//   suppressArticleInSummary (optional): Set to true to suppress showing the article name in the edit summary. Useful if the warning relates to attack pages, or some such.
Twinkle.warn.messages = {
	level1: {
		&quot;Common warnings&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-vandalism1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Vandalism&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Unconstructive editing&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-disruptive1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Disruptive editing&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Unconstructive editing&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-test1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Editing tests&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Editing tests&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-delete1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removal of content, blanking&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Removal of content, blanking&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior in articles&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-biog1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding unreferenced controversial information about living persons&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Adding unreferenced controversial information about living persons&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-defamatory1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Addition of defamatory content&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Addition of defamatory content&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-error1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Introducing deliberate factual errors&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Introducing factual errors&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-genre1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Frequent or mass changes to genres without consensus or references&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Frequent or mass changes to genres without consensus or references&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-image1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Image-related vandalism in articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Image-related vandalism in articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-joke1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using improper humor in articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Using improper humor in articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-nor1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding original research, including unpublished syntheses of sources&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Adding original research, including unpublished syntheses of sources&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-notcensored1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Censorship of material&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Censorship of material&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-own1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Ownership of articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Ownership of articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tdel1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removal of maintenance templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Removal of maintenance templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-unsourced1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Promotions and spam&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-advert1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-npov1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Not adhering to neutral point of view&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Not adhering to neutral point of view&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-spam1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding inappropriate external links&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Adding inappropriate external links&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior towards other editors&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-agf1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Not assuming good faith&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Not assuming good faith&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-harass1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Harassment of other users&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Harassment of other users&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-npa1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tempabuse1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Improper use of warning or blocking template&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Improper use of warning or blocking template&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Removal of deletion tags&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-afd1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing {{afd}} templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Removing {{afd}} templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-blpprod1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing {{blp prod}} templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Removing {{blp prod}} templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-idt1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing file deletion tags&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Removing file deletion tags&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-speedy1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing speedy deletion tags&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Removing speedy deletion tags&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Other&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-chat1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using talk page as forum&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Using talk page as forum&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-create1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating inappropriate pages&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Creating inappropriate pages&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-mos1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Manual of style&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Formatting, date, language, etc (Manual of style)&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-move1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tpv1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Refactoring others' talk page comments&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Refactoring others' talk page comments&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-upload1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;
			}
		}/*,
		&quot;To be removed from Twinkle&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-redirect1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating malicious redirects&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Creating malicious redirects&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-ics1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Uploading files missing copyright status&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Uploading files missing copyright status&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-af1&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Inappropriate feedback through the Article Feedback Tool&quot;,
				summary: &quot;General note: Inappropriate feedback through the Article Feedback Tool&quot;
			}
		}*/
	},


	level2: {
		&quot;Common warnings&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-vandalism2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Vandalism&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Unconstructive editing&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-disruptive2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Disruptive editing&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Unconstructive editing&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-test2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Editing tests&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Editing tests&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-delete2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removal of content, blanking&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Removal of content, blanking&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior in articles&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-biog2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding unreferenced controversial information about living persons&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Adding unreferenced controversial information about living persons&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-defamatory2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Addition of defamatory content&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Addition of defamatory content&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-error2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Introducing deliberate factual errors&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Introducing factual errors&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-genre2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Frequent or mass changes to genres without consensus or references&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Frequent or mass changes to genres without consensus or references&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-image2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Image-related vandalism in articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Image-related vandalism in articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-joke2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using improper humor in articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Using improper humor in articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-nor2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding original research, including unpublished syntheses of sources&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Adding original research, including unpublished syntheses of sources&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-notcensored2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Censorship of material&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Censorship of material&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-own2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Ownership of articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Ownership of articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tdel2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removal of maintenance templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Removal of maintenance templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-unsourced2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Promotions and spam&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-advert2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-npov2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Not adhering to neutral point of view&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Not adhering to neutral point of view&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-spam2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding spam links&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Adding spam links&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior towards other editors&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-agf2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Not assuming good faith&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Not assuming good faith&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-harass2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Harassment of other users&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Harassment of other users&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-npa2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tempabuse2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Improper use of warning or blocking template&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Improper use of warning or blocking template&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Removal of deletion tags&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-afd2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing {{afd}} templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Removing {{afd}} templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-blpprod2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing {{blp prod}} templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Removing {{blp prod}} templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-idt2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing file deletion tags&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Removing file deletion tags&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-speedy2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing speedy deletion tags&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Removing speedy deletion tags&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Other&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-attempt2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Triggering the edit filter&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Triggering the edit filter&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-chat2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using talk page as forum&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Using talk page as forum&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-create2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating inappropriate pages&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Creating inappropriate pages&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-mos2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Manual of style&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Formatting, date, language, etc (Manual of style)&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-move2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tpv2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Refactoring others' talk page comments&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Refactoring others' talk page comments&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-upload2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;
			}
		}/*,
		&quot;To be removed from Twinkle&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-redirect2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating malicious redirects&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Creating malicious redirects&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-ics2&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Uploading files missing copyright status&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Caution: Uploading files missing copyright status&quot;
			}
		}*/
	},


	level3: {
		&quot;Common warnings&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-vandalism3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Vandalism&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Vandalism&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-disruptive3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Disruptive editing&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Disruptive editing&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-test3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Editing tests&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Editing tests&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-delete3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removal of content, blanking&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Removal of content, blanking&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior in articles&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-biog3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding unreferenced controversial/defamatory information about living persons&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Adding unreferenced controversial information about living persons&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-defamatory3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Addition of defamatory content&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Addition of defamatory content&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-error3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Introducing deliberate factual errors&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Introducing deliberate factual errors&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-genre3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Frequent or mass changes to genres without consensus or reference&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Frequent or mass changes to genres without consensus or reference&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-image3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Image-related vandalism in articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Image-related vandalism in articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-joke3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using improper humor in articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Using improper humor in articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-nor3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding original research, including unpublished syntheses of sources&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Adding original research, including unpublished syntheses of sources&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-notcensored3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Censorship of material&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Censorship of material&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-own3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Ownership of articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Ownership of articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tdel3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removal of maintenance templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Removal of maintenance templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-unsourced3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Promotions and spam&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-advert3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-npov3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Not adhering to neutral point of view&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Not adhering to neutral point of view&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-spam3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding spam links&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Adding spam links&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior towards other users&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-agf3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Not assuming good faith&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Not assuming good faith&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-harass3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Harassment of other users&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Harassment of other users&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-npa3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Removal of deletion tags&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-afd3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing {{afd}} templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Removing {{afd}} templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-blpprod3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing {{blpprod}} templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Removing {{blpprod}} templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-idt3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing file deletion tags&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Removing file deletion tags&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-speedy3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing speedy deletion tags&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Removing speedy deletion tags&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Other&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-attempt3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Triggering the edit filter&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Triggering the edit filter&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-chat3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using talk page as forum&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Using talk page as forum&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-create3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating inappropriate pages&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Creating inappropriate pages&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-mos3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Manual of style&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Formatting, date, language, etc (Manual of style)&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-move3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tpv3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Refactoring others' talk page comments&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Refactoring others' talk page comments&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-upload3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;
			}
		}/*,
		&quot;To be removed fomr Twinkle&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-ics3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Uploading files missing copyright status&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Uploading files missing copyright status&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-redirect3&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating malicious redirects&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Warning: Creating malicious redirects&quot;
			}
		}*/
	},


	level4: {
		&quot;Common warnings&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-vandalism4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Vandalism&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Vandalism&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-generic4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Generic warning (for template series missing level 4)&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning notice&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-delete4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removal of content, blanking&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Removal of content, blanking&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior in articles&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-biog4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding unreferenced defamatory information about living persons&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Adding unreferenced controversial information about living persons&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-defamatory4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Addition of defamatory content&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Addition of defamatory content&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-error4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Introducing deliberate factual errors&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Introducing deliberate factual errors&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-genre4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Frequent or mass changes to genres without consensus or reference&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Frequent or mass changes to genres without consensus or reference&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-image4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Image-related vandalism in articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Image-related vandalism in articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-joke4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using improper humor in articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Using improper humor in articles&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-nor4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding original research, including unpublished syntheses of sources&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Adding original research, including unpublished syntheses of sources&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tdel4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removal of maintenance templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Removal of maintenance templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-unsourced4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Promotions and spam&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-advert4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-npov4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Not adhering to neutral point of view&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Not adhering to neutral point of view&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-spam4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding spam links&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Adding spam links&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior towards other editors&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-harass4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Harassment of other users&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Harassment of other users&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-npa4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Removal of deletion tags&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-afd4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing {{afd}} templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Removing {{afd}} templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-blpprod4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing {{blp prod}} templates&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Removing {{blp prod}} templates&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-idt4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing file deletion tags&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Removing file deletion tags&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-speedy4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removing speedy deletion tags&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Removing speedy deletion tags&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Other&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-attempt4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Triggering the edit filter&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Triggering the edit filter&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-chat4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using talk page as forum&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Using talk page as forum&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-create4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating inappropriate pages&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Creating inappropriate pages&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-mos4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Manual of style&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Formatting, date, language, etc (Manual of style)&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-move4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-tpv4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Refactoring others' talk page comments&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Refactoring others' talk page comments&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-upload4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;
			}
		}/*,
		&quot;To be removed from Twinkle&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-redirect4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating malicious redirects&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Creating malicious redirects&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-ics4&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Uploading files missing copyright status&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Final warning: Uploading files missing copyright status&quot;
			}
		}*/
	},


	level4im: {
		&quot;Common warnings&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-vandalism4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Vandalism&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Vandalism&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-delete4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Removal of content, blanking&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Removal of content, blanking&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior in articles&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-biog4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding unreferenced defamatory information about living persons&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Adding unreferenced controversial information about living persons&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-defamatory4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Addition of defamatory content&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Addition of defamatory content&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-image4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Image-related vandalism&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Image-related vandalism&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-joke4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using improper humor&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Using improper humor&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-own4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Ownership of articles&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Ownership of articles&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Promotions and spam&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-advert4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Using Wikipedia for advertising or promotion&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-spam4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Adding spam links&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Adding spam links&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Behavior towards other editors&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-harass4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Harassment of other users&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Harassment of other users&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-npa4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Personal attack directed at a specific editor&quot;
			}
		},
		&quot;Other&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-create4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating inappropriate pages&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Creating inappropriate pages&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-move4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Page moves against naming conventions or consensus&quot;
			},
			&quot;uw-upload4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Uploading unencyclopedic images&quot;
			}
		}/*,
		&quot;To be removed from Twinkle&quot;: {
			&quot;uw-redirect4im&quot;: {
				label: &quot;Creating malicious redirects&quot;,
				summary: &quot;Only warning: Creating malicious redirects&quot;
			}
		}*/
	},

	singlenotice: {
		&quot;uw-aiv&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Bad AIV report&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Bad AIV report&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-autobiography&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Creating autobiographies&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Creating autobiographies&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-badcat&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Adding incorrect categories&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Adding incorrect categories&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-badlistentry&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Adding inappropriate entries to lists&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Adding inappropriate entries to lists&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-bite&quot;: {
			label: &quot;\&quot;Biting\&quot; newcomers&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: \&quot;Biting\&quot; newcomers&quot;,
			suppressArticleInSummary: true  // non-standard (user name, not article), and not necessary
		},
		&quot;uw-coi&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Conflict of interest&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Conflict of interest&quot;,
			heading: &quot;Managing a conflict of interest&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-controversial&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Introducing controversial material&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Introducing controversial material&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-copying&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Copying text to another page&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Copying text to another page&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-crystal&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Adding speculative or unconfirmed information&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Adding speculative or unconfirmed information&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-c&amp;pmove&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Cut and paste moves&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Cut and paste moves&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-dab&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Incorrect edit to a disambiguation page&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Incorrect edit to a disambiguation page&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-date&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Unnecessarily changing date formats&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Unnecessarily changing date formats&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-deadlink&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Removing proper sources containing dead links&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Removing proper sources containing dead links&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-draftfirst&quot;: {
			label: &quot;User should draft in userspace without the risk of speedy deletion&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Consider drafting your article in [[Help:Userspace draft|userspace]]&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-editsummary&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Not using edit summary&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Not using edit summary&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-english&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Not communicating in English&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Not communicating in English&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-hasty&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Hasty addition of speedy deletion tags&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Allow creators time to improve their articles before tagging them for deletion&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-inline-el&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Adding external links to the body of an article&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Keep external links to External links sections at the bottom of an article&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-italicize&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Italicize books, films, albums, magazines, TV series, etc within articles&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Italicize books, films, albums, magazines, TV series, etc within articles&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-lang&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Unnecessarily changing between British and American English&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Unnecessarily changing between British and American English&quot;,
			heading: &quot;National varieties of English&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-linking&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Excessive addition of redlinks or repeated blue links&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Excessive addition of redlinks or repeated blue links&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-minor&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Incorrect use of minor edits check box&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Incorrect use of minor edits check box&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-notenglish&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Creating non-English articles&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Creating non-English articles&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-notvote&quot;: {
			label: &quot;We use consensus, not voting&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: We use consensus, not voting&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-plagiarism&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Copying from public domain sources without attribution&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Copying from public domain sources without attribution&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-preview&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Use preview button to avoid mistakes&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Use preview button to avoid mistakes&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-redlink&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Indiscriminate removal of redlinks&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Be careful when removing redlinks&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-selfrevert&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Reverting self tests&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Reverting self tests&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-socialnetwork&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Wikipedia is not a social network&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Wikipedia is not a social network&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-sofixit&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Be bold and fix things yourself&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: You can be bold and fix things yourself&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-spoiler&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Adding spoiler alerts or removing spoilers from appropriate sections&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Don't delete or flag potential 'spoilers' in Wikipedia articles&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-subst&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Remember to subst: templates&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Remember to subst: templates&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-talkinarticle&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Talk in article&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Talk in article&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-tilde&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Not signing posts&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Not signing posts&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-toppost&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Posting at the top of talk pages&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Posting at the top of talk pages&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-userspace draft finish&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Stale userspace draft&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Stale userspace draft&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-vgscope&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Adding video game walkthroughs, cheats or instructions&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Adding video game walkthroughs, cheats or instructions&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-warn&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Place user warning templates when reverting vandalism&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: You can use user warning templates when reverting vandalism&quot;
		}
	},


	singlewarn: {
		&quot;uw-3rr&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Potential three-revert rule violation; see also uw-ew&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Three-revert rule&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-affiliate&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Affiliate marketing&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Affiliate marketing&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-agf-sock&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Use of multiple accounts (assuming good faith)&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Using multiple accounts&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-attack&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Creating attack pages&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Creating attack pages&quot;,
			suppressArticleInSummary: true
		},
		&quot;uw-bizlist&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Business promotion&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Promoting a business&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-botun&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Bot username&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Bot username&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-canvass&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Canvassing&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Canvassing&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-copyright&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Copyright violation&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Copyright violation&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-copyright-link&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Linking to copyrighted works violation&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Linking to copyrighted works violation&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-copyright-new&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Copyright violation (with explanation for new users)&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Avoiding copyright problems&quot;,
			heading: &quot;Wikipedia and copyright&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-copyright-remove&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Removing {{copyvio}} template from articles&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Removing {{copyvio}} templates&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-efsummary&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Edit summary triggering the edit filter&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Edit summary triggering the edit filter&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-ew&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Edit warring (stronger wording)&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Edit warring&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-ewsoft&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Edit warring (softer wording for newcomers)&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Edit warring&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-hoax&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Creating hoaxes&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Creating hoaxes&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-legal&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Making legal threats&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Making legal threats&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-login&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Editing while logged out&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Editing while logged out&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-multipleIPs&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Usage of multiple IPs&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Usage of multiple IPs&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-pinfo&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Personal info&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Personal info&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-salt&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Recreating salted articles under a different title&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Notice: Recreating creation-protected articles under a different title&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-socksuspect&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Sockpuppetry&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: You are a suspected [[WP:SOCK|sockpuppet]]&quot;  // of User:...
		},
		&quot;uw-upv&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Userpage vandalism&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Userpage vandalism&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-username&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Username is against policy&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Your username might be against policy&quot;,
			suppressArticleInSummary: true  // not relevant for this template
		},
		&quot;uw-coi-username&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Username is against policy, and conflict of interest&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Username and conflict of interest policy&quot;,
			heading: &quot;Your username&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-userpage&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Userpage or subpage is against policy&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Userpage or subpage is against policy&quot;
		},
		&quot;uw-wrongsummary&quot;: {
			label: &quot;Using inaccurate or inappropriate edit summaries&quot;,
			summary: &quot;Warning: Using inaccurate or inappropriate edit summaries&quot;
		}
	}
};

Twinkle.warn.prev_article = null;
Twinkle.warn.prev_reason = null;

Twinkle.warn.callback.change_category = function twinklewarnCallbackChangeCategory(e) {
	var value = e.target.value;
	var sub_group = e.target.root.sub_group;
	sub_group.main_group = value;
	var old_subvalue = sub_group.value;
	var old_subvalue_re;
	if( old_subvalue ) {
		old_subvalue = old_subvalue.replace(/\d*(im)?$/, '' );
		old_subvalue_re = new RegExp( mw.RegExp.escape( old_subvalue ) + &quot;(\\d*(?:im)?)$&quot; );
	}

	while( sub_group.hasChildNodes() ){
		sub_group.removeChild( sub_group.firstChild );
	}

	// worker function to create the combo box entries
	var createEntries = function( contents, container, wrapInOptgroup ) {
		// due to an apparent iOS bug, we have to add an option-group to prevent truncation of text
		// (search WT:TW archives for &quot;Problem selecting warnings on an iPhone&quot;)
		if ( wrapInOptgroup &amp;&amp; $.client.profile().platform === &quot;iphone&quot; ) {
			var wrapperOptgroup = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'optgroup',
				label: 'Available templates'
			} );
			wrapperOptgroup = wrapperOptgroup.render();
			container.appendChild( wrapperOptgroup );
			container = wrapperOptgroup;
		}

		$.each( contents, function( itemKey, itemProperties ) {
			var key = (typeof itemKey === &quot;string&quot;) ? itemKey : itemProperties.value;

			var selected = false;
			if( old_subvalue &amp;&amp; old_subvalue_re.test( key ) ) {
				selected = true;
			}

			var elem = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'option',
				label: &quot;{{&quot; + key + &quot;}}: &quot; + itemProperties.label,
				value: key,
				selected: selected
			} );
			var elemRendered = container.appendChild( elem.render() );
			$(elemRendered).data(&quot;messageData&quot;, itemProperties);
		} );
	};

	if( value === &quot;singlenotice&quot; || value === &quot;singlewarn&quot; ) {
		// no categories, just create the options right away
		createEntries( Twinkle.warn.messages[ value ], sub_group, true );
	} else if( value === &quot;custom&quot; ) {
		createEntries( Twinkle.getPref(&quot;customWarningList&quot;), sub_group, true );
	} else {
		// create the option-groups
		$.each( Twinkle.warn.messages[ value ], function( groupLabel, groupContents ) {
			var optgroup = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'optgroup',
				label: groupLabel
			} );
			optgroup = optgroup.render();
			sub_group.appendChild( optgroup );
			// create the options
			createEntries( groupContents, optgroup, false );
		} );
	}

	// clear overridden label on article textbox
	Morebits.quickForm.setElementTooltipVisibility(e.target.root.article, true);
	Morebits.quickForm.resetElementLabel(e.target.root.article);

	// hide the big red notice
	$(&quot;#tw-warn-red-notice&quot;).remove();
};

Twinkle.warn.callback.change_subcategory = function twinklewarnCallbackChangeSubcategory(e) {
	var main_group = e.target.form.main_group.value;
	var value = e.target.form.sub_group.value;

	// Tags that don't take a linked article, but something else (often a username).
	// The value of each tag is the label next to the input field
	var notLinkedArticle = {
		&quot;uw-agf-sock&quot;: &quot;Optional username of other account (without User:) &quot;,
		&quot;uw-bite&quot;: &quot;Username of 'bitten' user (without User:) &quot;,
		&quot;uw-socksuspect&quot;: &quot;Username of sock master, if known (without User:) &quot;,
		&quot;uw-username&quot;: &quot;Username violates policy because... &quot;
	};

	if( main_group === 'singlenotice' || main_group === 'singlewarn' ) {
		if( notLinkedArticle[value] ) {
			if(Twinkle.warn.prev_article === null) {
				Twinkle.warn.prev_article = e.target.form.article.value;
			}
			e.target.form.article.notArticle = true;
			e.target.form.article.value = '';

			// change form labels according to the warning selected
			Morebits.quickForm.setElementTooltipVisibility(e.target.form.article, false);
			Morebits.quickForm.overrideElementLabel(e.target.form.article, notLinkedArticle[value]);
		} else if( e.target.form.article.notArticle ) {
			if(Twinkle.warn.prev_article !== null) {
				e.target.form.article.value = Twinkle.warn.prev_article;
				Twinkle.warn.prev_article = null;
			}
			e.target.form.article.notArticle = false;
			Morebits.quickForm.setElementTooltipVisibility(e.target.form.article, true);
			Morebits.quickForm.resetElementLabel(e.target.form.article);
		}
	}

	// add big red notice, warning users about how to use {{uw-[coi-]username}} appropriately
	$(&quot;#tw-warn-red-notice&quot;).remove();

	var $redWarning;
	if (value === &quot;uw-username&quot;) {
		$redWarning = $(&quot;&lt;div style='color: red;' id='tw-warn-red-notice'&gt;{{uw-username}} should &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; be used for &lt;b&gt;blatant&lt;/b&gt; username policy violations. &quot; +
			&quot;Blatant violations should be reported directly to UAA (via Twinkle's ARV tab). &quot; +
			&quot;{{uw-username}} should only be used in edge cases in order to engage in discussion with the user.&lt;/div&gt;&quot;);
		$redWarning.insertAfter(Morebits.quickForm.getElementLabelObject(e.target.form.reasonGroup));
	} else if (value === &quot;uw-coi-username&quot;) {
		$redWarning = $(&quot;&lt;div style='color: red;' id='tw-warn-red-notice'&gt;{{uw-coi-username}} should &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; be used for &lt;b&gt;blatant&lt;/b&gt; username policy violations. &quot; +
			&quot;Blatant violations should be reported directly to UAA (via Twinkle's ARV tab). &quot; +
			&quot;{{uw-coi-username}} should only be used in edge cases in order to engage in discussion with the user.&lt;/div&gt;&quot;);
		$redWarning.insertAfter(Morebits.quickForm.getElementLabelObject(e.target.form.reasonGroup));
	}
};

Twinkle.warn.callbacks = {
	getWarningWikitext: function(templateName, article, reason, isCustom) {
		var text = &quot;{{subst:&quot; + templateName;

		if (article) {
			// add linked article for user warnings
			text += '|1=' + article;
		}
		if (reason &amp;&amp; !isCustom) {
			// add extra message
			if (templateName === 'uw-csd' || templateName === 'uw-probation' ||
				templateName === 'uw-userspacenoindex' || templateName === 'uw-userpage') {
				text += &quot;|3=''&quot; + reason + &quot;''&quot;;
			} else {
				text += &quot;|2=''&quot; + reason + &quot;''&quot;;
			}
		}
		text += '}}';

		if (reason &amp;&amp; isCustom) {
			// we assume that custom warnings lack a {{{2}}} parameter
			text += &quot; ''&quot; + reason + &quot;''&quot;;
		}

		return text;
	},
	preview: function(form) {
		var templatename = form.sub_group.value;
		var linkedarticle = form.article.value;
		var templatetext;

		templatetext = Twinkle.warn.callbacks.getWarningWikitext(templatename, linkedarticle,
			form.reason.value, form.main_group.value === 'custom');

		form.previewer.beginRender(templatetext);
	},
	main: function( pageobj ) {
		var text = pageobj.getPageText();
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		var messageData = params.messageData;

		var history_re = /&lt;!-- Template:(uw-.*?) --&gt;.*?(\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}, \d{1,2} \w+ \d{4}) \(UTC\)/g;
		var history = {};
		var latest = { date: new Date( 0 ), type: '' };
		var current;

		while( ( current = history_re.exec( text ) ) ) {
			var current_date = new Date( current[2] + ' UTC' );
			if( !( current[1] in history ) ||  history[ current[1] ] &lt; current_date ) {
				history[ current[1] ] = current_date;
			}
			if( current_date &gt; latest.date ) {
				latest.date = current_date;
				latest.type = current[1];
			}
		}

		var date = new Date();

		if( params.sub_group in history ) {
			var temp_time = new Date( history[ params.sub_group ] );
			temp_time.setUTCHours( temp_time.getUTCHours() + 24 );

			if( temp_time &gt; date ) {
				if( !confirm( &quot;An identical &quot; + params.sub_group + &quot; has been issued in the last 24 hours.  \nWould you still like to add this warning/notice?&quot; ) ) {
					pageobj.statelem.info( 'aborted per user request' );
					return;
				}
			}
		}

		latest.date.setUTCMinutes( latest.date.getUTCMinutes() + 1 ); // after long debate, one minute is max

		if( latest.date &gt; date ) {
			if( !confirm( &quot;A &quot; + latest.type + &quot; has been issued in the last minute.  \nWould you still like to add this warning/notice?&quot; ) ) {
				pageobj.statelem.info( 'aborted per user request' );
				return;
			}
		}

		var dateHeaderRegex = new RegExp( &quot;^==+\\s*(?:&quot; + date.getUTCMonthName() + '|' + date.getUTCMonthNameAbbrev() +
			&quot;)\\s+&quot; + date.getUTCFullYear() + &quot;\\s*==+&quot;, 'mg' );
		var dateHeaderRegexLast, dateHeaderRegexResult;
		while ((dateHeaderRegexLast = dateHeaderRegex.exec( text )) !== null) {
			dateHeaderRegexResult = dateHeaderRegexLast;
		}
		// If dateHeaderRegexResult is null then lastHeaderIndex is never checked. If it is not null but
		// \n== is not found, then the date header must be at the very start of the page. lastIndexOf
		// returns -1 in this case, so lastHeaderIndex gets set to 0 as desired.
		var lastHeaderIndex = text.lastIndexOf( &quot;\n==&quot; ) + 1;

		if( text.length &gt; 0 ) {
			text += &quot;\n\n&quot;;
		}

		if( messageData.heading ) {
			text += &quot;== &quot; + messageData.heading + &quot; ==\n&quot;;
		} else if( !dateHeaderRegexResult || dateHeaderRegexResult.index !== lastHeaderIndex ) {
			Morebits.status.info( 'Info', 'Will create a new level 2 heading for the date, as none was found for this month' );
			text += &quot;== &quot; + date.getUTCMonthName() + &quot; &quot; + date.getUTCFullYear() + &quot; ==\n&quot;;
		}
		text += Twinkle.warn.callbacks.getWarningWikitext(params.sub_group, params.article,
			params.reason, params.main_group === 'custom') + &quot; ~~~~&quot;;

		if ( Twinkle.getPref('showSharedIPNotice') &amp;&amp; mw.util.isIPAddress( mw.config.get('wgTitle') ) ) {
			Morebits.status.info( 'Info', 'Adding a shared IP notice' );
			text +=  &quot;\n{{subst:Shared IP advice}}&quot;;
		}

		// build the edit summary
		var summary;
		if( params.main_group === 'custom' ) {
			switch( params.sub_group.substr( -1 ) ) {
				case &quot;1&quot;:
					summary = &quot;General note&quot;;
					break;
				case &quot;2&quot;:
					summary = &quot;Caution&quot;;
					break;
				case &quot;3&quot;:
					summary = &quot;Warning&quot;;
					break;
				case &quot;4&quot;:
					summary = &quot;Final warning&quot;;
					break;
				case &quot;m&quot;:
					if( params.sub_group.substr( -3 ) === &quot;4im&quot; ) {
						summary = &quot;Only warning&quot;;
						break;
					}
					summary = &quot;Notice&quot;;
					break;
				default:
					summary = &quot;Notice&quot;;
					break;
			}
			summary += &quot;: &quot; + Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(messageData.label);
		} else {
			summary = messageData.summary;
			if ( messageData.suppressArticleInSummary !== true &amp;&amp; params.article ) {
				if ( params.sub_group === &quot;uw-agf-sock&quot; ||
						params.sub_group === &quot;uw-socksuspect&quot; ) {  // these templates require a username
					summary += &quot; of [[:User:&quot; + params.article + &quot;]]&quot;;
				} else {
					summary += &quot; on [[:&quot; + params.article + &quot;]]&quot;;
				}
			}
		}
		summary += &quot;.&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;);

		pageobj.setPageText( text );
		pageobj.setEditSummary( summary );
		pageobj.setWatchlist( Twinkle.getPref('watchWarnings') );
		pageobj.save();
	}
};

Twinkle.warn.callback.evaluate = function twinklewarnCallbackEvaluate(e) {
	var userTalkPage = 'User_talk:' + mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName');

	// First, check to make sure a reason was filled in if uw-username was selected

	if(e.target.sub_group.value === 'uw-username' &amp;&amp; e.target.article.value.trim() === '') {
		alert(&quot;You must supply a reason for the {{uw-username}} template.&quot;);
		return;
	}

	// Find the selected &lt;option&gt; element so we can fetch the data structure
	var selectedEl = $(e.target.sub_group).find('option[value=&quot;' + $(e.target.sub_group).val() + '&quot;]');

	// Then, grab all the values provided by the form
	var params = {
		reason: e.target.reason.value,
		main_group: e.target.main_group.value,
		sub_group: e.target.sub_group.value,
		article: e.target.article.value,  // .replace( /^(Image|Category):/i, ':$1:' ),  -- apparently no longer needed...
		messageData: selectedEl.data(&quot;messageData&quot;)
	};

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( e.target );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = userTalkPage;
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Warning complete, reloading talk page in a few seconds&quot;;

	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page( userTalkPage, 'User talk page modification' );
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters( params );
	wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect( true );
	wikipedia_page.load( Twinkle.warn.callbacks.main );
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ez66lfhvqv34332n7wwinoba855z3gz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinkleblock.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5634</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32200</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:30:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-9</comment>
      <origin>32200</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="47745" sha1="cbpaxxlregzndpgswrmpa1p3qs68swm" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){

var api = new mw.Api(), relevantUserName;

/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinkleblock.js: Block module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;Block&quot;)
 * Active on:              any page with relevant user name (userspace, contribs, etc.)
 * Config directives in:   [soon to be TwinkleConfig]
 */

Twinkle.block = function twinkleblock() {
	// should show on Contributions pages, anywhere there's a relevant user
	if ( Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') &amp;&amp; mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName') ) {
		Twinkle.addPortletLink(Twinkle.block.callback, 'Block', 'tw-block', 'Block relevant user' );
	}
};

Twinkle.block.callback = function twinkleblockCallback() {
	if( mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName') === mw.config.get('wgUserName') &amp;&amp;
			!confirm( 'You are about to block yourself! Are you sure you want to proceed?' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 650, 530 );
	// need to be verbose about who we're blocking
	Window.setTitle( 'Block or issue block template to ' + mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName') );
	Window.setScriptName( 'Twinkle' );
	Window.addFooterLink( 'Block templates', 'Template:Uw-block/doc/Block_templates' );
	Window.addFooterLink( 'Block policy', 'WP:BLOCK' );
	Window.addFooterLink( 'Twinkle help', 'WP:TW/DOC#block' );

	Twinkle.block.currentBlockInfo = undefined;
	Twinkle.block.field_block_options = {};
	Twinkle.block.field_template_options = {};

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.block.callback.evaluate );
	var actionfield = form.append( {
			type: 'field',
			label: 'Type of action'
		} );
	actionfield.append({
			type: 'checkbox',
			name: 'actiontype',
			event: Twinkle.block.callback.change_action,
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Block user',
					value: 'block',
					tooltip: 'Block the relevant user with given options.',
					checked: true
				},
				{
					label: 'Add block template to user talk page',
					value: 'template',
					tooltip: 'If the blocking admin forgot to issue a block template, or you have just blocked the user without templating them, you can use this to issue the appropriate template.',
					checked: true
				}
			]
		});

	form.append({ type: 'field', label: 'Preset', name: 'field_preset' });
	form.append({ type: 'field', label: 'Template options', name: 'field_template_options' });
	form.append({ type: 'field', label: 'Block options', name: 'field_block_options' });

	form.append( { type:'submit' } );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();
	result.root = result;

	Twinkle.block.fetchUserInfo(function() {
		// clean up preset data (defaults, etc.), done exactly once, must be before Twinkle.block.callback.change_action is called
		Twinkle.block.transformBlockPresets();

		// init the controls after user and block info have been fetched
		var evt = document.createEvent( 'Event' );
		evt.initEvent( 'change', true, true );
		result.actiontype[0].dispatchEvent( evt );
	});
};

Twinkle.block.fetchUserInfo = function twinkleblockFetchUserInfo(fn) {

	api.get({
		format: 'json',
		action: 'query',
		list: 'blocks|users|logevents',
		letype: 'block',
		lelimit: 1,
		bkusers: mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName'),
		ususers: mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName'),
		letitle: 'User:' + mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName')
	})
	.then(function(data){
		var blockinfo = data.query.blocks[0],
			userinfo = data.query.users[0];

		Twinkle.block.isRegistered = !!userinfo.userid;
		relevantUserName = Twinkle.block.isRegistered ? 'User:' + mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName') : mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName');

		if (blockinfo) {
			// handle frustrating system of inverted boolean values
			blockinfo.disabletalk = blockinfo.allowusertalk === undefined;
			blockinfo.hardblock = blockinfo.anononly === undefined;
			Twinkle.block.currentBlockInfo = blockinfo;
		}

		Twinkle.block.hasBlockLog = !!data.query.logevents.length;

		if (typeof fn === 'function') return fn();
	}, function(msg) {
		Morebits.status.init($('div[name=&quot;currentblock&quot;] span').last()[0]);
		Morebits.status.warn('Error fetching user info', msg);
	});
};

Twinkle.block.callback.saveFieldset = function twinkleblockCallbacksaveFieldset(fieldset) {
	Twinkle.block[$(fieldset).prop('name')] = {};
	$(fieldset).serializeArray().forEach(function(el) {
		Twinkle.block[$(fieldset).prop('name')][el.name] = el.value;
	});
};

Twinkle.block.callback.change_action = function twinkleblockCallbackChangeAction(e) {
	var field_preset, field_template_options, field_block_options, $form = $(e.target.form);

	Twinkle.block.callback.saveFieldset($('[name=field_block_options]'));
	Twinkle.block.callback.saveFieldset($('[name=field_template_options]'));

	if ($form.find('[name=actiontype][value=block]').is(':checked')) {
		field_preset = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: 'field', label: 'Preset', name: 'field_preset' });
		field_preset.append({
				type: 'select',
				name: 'preset',
				label: 'Choose a preset:',
				event: Twinkle.block.callback.change_preset,
				list: Twinkle.block.callback.filtered_block_groups()
			});

		field_block_options = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: 'field', label: 'Block options', name: 'field_block_options' });
		field_block_options.append({ type: 'div', name: 'hasblocklog', label: ' ' });
		field_block_options.append({ type: 'div', name: 'currentblock', label: ' ' });
		field_block_options.append({
				type: 'select',
				name: 'expiry_preset',
				label: 'Expiry:',
				event: Twinkle.block.callback.change_expiry,
				list: [
					{ label: 'custom', value: 'custom', selected: true },
					{ label: 'indefinite', value: 'infinity' },
					{ label: '3 hours', value: '3 hours' },
					{ label: '12 hours', value: '12 hours' },
					{ label: '24 hours', value: '24 hours' },
					{ label: '31 hours', value: '31 hours' },
					{ label: '36 hours', value: '36 hours' },
					{ label: '48 hours', value: '48 hours' },
					{ label: '60 hours', value: '60 hours' },
					{ label: '72 hours', value: '72 hours' },
					{ label: '1 week', value: '1 week' },
					{ label: '2 weeks', value: '2 weeks' },
					{ label: '1 month', value: '1 month' },
					{ label: '3 months', value: '3 months' },
					{ label: '6 months', value: '6 months' },
					{ label: '1 year', value: '1 year' },
					{ label: '2 years', value: '2 years' },
					{ label: '3 years', value: '3 years' }
				]
			});
			field_block_options.append({
					type: 'input',
					name: 'expiry',
					label: 'Custom expiry',
					tooltip: 'You can use relative times, like &quot;1 minute&quot; or &quot;19 days&quot;, or absolute timestamps, &quot;yyyymmddhhmm&quot; (e.g. &quot;200602011405&quot; is Feb 1, 2006, at 14:05 UTC).',
					value: Twinkle.block.field_block_options.expiry || Twinkle.block.field_template_options.template_expiry
				});
		var blockoptions = [
				{
					checked: Twinkle.block.field_block_options.nocreate,
					label: 'Block account creation',
					name: 'nocreate',
					value: '1'
				},
				{
					checked: Twinkle.block.field_block_options.noemail,
					label: 'Block user from sending email',
					name: 'noemail',
					value: '1'
				},
				{
					checked: Twinkle.block.field_block_options.disabletalk,
					label: 'Prevent this user from editing their own talk page while blocked',
					name: 'disabletalk',
					value: '1'
				}
			];

		if (Twinkle.block.isRegistered) {
			blockoptions.push({
					checked: Twinkle.block.field_block_options.autoblock,
					label: 'Autoblock any IP addresses used (hardblock)',
					name: 'autoblock',
					value: '1'
				});
		} else {
			blockoptions.push({
					checked: Twinkle.block.field_block_options.hardblock,
					label: 'Prevent logged-in users from editing from this IP address (hardblock)',
					name: 'hardblock',
					value: '1'
				});
		}

		blockoptions.push({
				checked: Twinkle.block.field_block_options.watchuser,
				label: 'Watch user and user talk pages',
				name: 'watchuser',
				value: '1'
			});

		field_block_options.append({
				type: 'checkbox',
				name: 'blockoptions',
				list: blockoptions
			});
		field_block_options.append({
				type: 'textarea',
				label: 'Reason (for block log):',
				name: 'reason',
				value: Twinkle.block.field_block_options.reason
			});

		field_block_options.append({
				type: 'div',
				name: 'filerlog_label',
				label: 'See also:',
				style: 'display:inline-block;font-style:normal !important',
				tooltip: 'Insert a &quot;see also&quot; message to indicate whether the filter log or deleted contributions played a role in the decision to block.'
			});
		field_block_options.append({
				type: 'checkbox',
				name: 'filter_see_also',
				event: Twinkle.block.callback.toggle_see_alsos,
				style: 'display:inline-block; margin-right:5px',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Filter log',
						checked: false,
						value: 'filter log'
					}
				]
			} );
		field_block_options.append({
				type: 'checkbox',
				name: 'deleted_see_also',
				event: Twinkle.block.callback.toggle_see_alsos,
				style: 'display:inline-block',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Deleted contribs',
						checked: false,
						value: 'deleted contribs'
					}
				]
			} );

		if (Twinkle.block.currentBlockInfo) {
			field_block_options.append( { type: 'hidden', name: 'reblock', value: '1' } );
		}
	}

	if ($form.find('[name=actiontype][value=template]').is(':checked')) {
		field_template_options = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: 'field', label: 'Template options', name: 'field_template_options' });
		field_template_options.append( {
				type: 'select',
				name: 'template',
				label: 'Choose talk page template:',
				event: Twinkle.block.callback.change_template,
				list: Twinkle.block.callback.filtered_block_groups(true),
				value: Twinkle.block.field_template_options.template
			} );
		field_template_options.append( {
				type: 'input',
				name: 'article',
				display: 'none',
				label: 'Linked article',
				value: '',
				tooltip: 'An article can be linked within the notice, perhaps if it was the primary target of disruption. Leave empty for no article to be linked.'
			} );
		if (!$form.find('[name=actiontype][value=block]').is(':checked')) {
			field_template_options.append( {
				type: 'input',
				name: 'template_expiry',
				display: 'none',
				label: 'Period of blocking: ',
				value: '',
				tooltip: 'The period the blocking is due for, for example 24 hours, 2 weeks, indefinite etc...'
			} );
		}
		field_template_options.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'block_reason',
			label: '&quot;You have been blocked for ...&quot; ',
			display: 'none',
			tooltip: 'An optional reason, to replace the default generic reason. Only available for the generic block templates.',
			value: Twinkle.block.field_template_options.block_reason
		} );

		if ($form.find('[name=actiontype][value=block]').is(':checked')) {
			field_template_options.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				name: 'blank_duration',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Do not include expiry in template',
						checked: Twinkle.block.field_template_options.blank_duration,
						tooltip: 'Instead of including the duration, make the block template read &quot;You have been blocked from editing temporarily for...&quot;'
					}
				]
			} );
		} else {
			field_template_options.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				name: 'notalk',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Talk page access disabled',
						checked: Twinkle.block.field_template_options.notalk,
						tooltip: 'Use this to make the block template state that the user\'s talk page access has been removed'
					}
				]
			} );
		}

		var $previewlink = $( '&lt;a id=&quot;twinkleblock-preivew-link&quot;&gt;Preview&lt;/a&gt;' );
		$previewlink.off('click').on('click', function(){
			Twinkle.block.callback.preview($form[0]);
		});
		$previewlink.css({cursor: 'pointer'});
		field_template_options.append( { type: 'div', id: 'blockpreview', label: [ $previewlink[0] ] } );
		field_template_options.append( { type: 'div', id: 'twinkleblock-previewbox', style: 'display: none' } );
	}

	var oldfield;
	if (field_preset) {
		oldfield = $form.find('fieldset[name=&quot;field_preset&quot;]')[0];
		oldfield.parentNode.replaceChild(field_preset.render(), oldfield);
	} else {
		$form.find('fieldset[name=&quot;field_preset&quot;]').hide();
	}
	if (field_block_options) {
		oldfield = $form.find('fieldset[name=&quot;field_block_options&quot;]')[0];
		oldfield.parentNode.replaceChild(field_block_options.render(), oldfield);
	} else {
		$form.find('fieldset[name=&quot;field_block_options&quot;]').hide();
	}
	if (field_template_options) {
		oldfield = $form.find('fieldset[name=&quot;field_template_options&quot;]')[0];
		oldfield.parentNode.replaceChild(field_template_options.render(), oldfield);
		e.target.form.root.previewer = new Morebits.wiki.preview($(e.target.form.root).find('#twinkleblock-previewbox').last()[0]);
	} else {
		$form.find('fieldset[name=&quot;field_template_options&quot;]').hide();
	}

	if (Twinkle.block.hasBlockLog) {
		var $blockloglink = $( '&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;' + mw.util.getUrl('Special:Log', {action: 'view', page: mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName'), type: 'block'}) + '&quot;&gt;block log&lt;/a&gt;)' );

		Morebits.status.init($('div[name=&quot;hasblocklog&quot;] span').last()[0]);
		Morebits.status.warn('This user has been blocked in the past', $blockloglink[0]);
	}

	if (Twinkle.block.currentBlockInfo) {
		Morebits.status.init($('div[name=&quot;currentblock&quot;] span').last()[0]);
		Morebits.status.warn(relevantUserName + ' is already blocked', 'Submit query to reblock with supplied options');
		Twinkle.block.callback.update_form(e, Twinkle.block.currentBlockInfo);
	} else if ($form.find('[name=actiontype][value=template]').is(':checked')) {
		// make sure all the fields are correct based on defaults
		if ($form.find('[name=actiontype][value=block]').is(':checked')) {
			Twinkle.block.callback.change_preset(e);
		} else {
			Twinkle.block.callback.change_template(e);
		}
	}
};

/*
 * Keep alphabetized by key name, Twinkle.block.blockGroups establishes
 *    the order they will appear in the interface
 *
 * Block preset format, all keys accept only 'true' (omit for false) except where noted:
 * &lt;title of block template&gt; : {
 *   autoblock: &lt;autoblock any IP addresses used (for registered users only)&gt;
 *   disabletalk: &lt;disable user from editing their own talk page while blocked&gt;
 *   expiry: &lt;string - expiry timestamp, can include relative times like &quot;5 months&quot;, &quot;2 weeks&quot; etc, use &quot;infinity&quot; for indefinite&gt;
 *   forAnonOnly: &lt;show block option in the interface only if the relevant user is an IP&gt;
 *   forRegisteredOnly: &lt;show block option in the interface only if the relevant user is registered&gt;
 *   label: &lt;string - label for the option of the dropdown in the interface (keep brief)&gt;
 *   noemail: prevent the user from sending email through Special:Emailuser
 *   pageParam: &lt;set if the associated block template accepts a page parameter&gt;
 *   prependReason: &lt;string - prepends the value of 'reason' to the end of the existing reason, namely for when revoking talk page access&gt;
 *   nocreate: &lt;block account creation from the user's IP (for anonymous users only)&gt;
 *   nonstandard: &lt;template does not conform to stewardship of WikiProject User Warnings and may not accept standard parameters&gt;
 *   reason: &lt;string - block rationale, as would appear in the block log,
 *            and the edit summary for when adding block template, unless 'summary' is set&gt;
 *   reasonParam: &lt;set if the associated block template accepts a reason parameter&gt;
 *   sig: &lt;string - set to ~~~~ if block template does not accept &quot;true&quot; as the value, or set null to omit sig param altogether&gt;
 *   summary: &lt;string - edit summary for when adding block template to user's talk page, if not set, 'reason' is used&gt;
 *   suppressArticleInSummary: &lt;set to suppress showing the article name in the edit summary, as with attack pages&gt;
 *   templateName: &lt;string - name of template to use (instead of key name), entry will be omitted from the Templates list.
 *                  (e.g. use another template but with different block options)&gt;
 *   useInitialOptions: &lt;when preset is chosen, only change given block options, leave others as they were&gt;
 *
 * WARNING: 'anononly' and 'allowusertalk' are enabled by default.
 *   To disable, set 'hardblock' and 'disabletalk', respectively
 */
Twinkle.block.blockPresetsInfo = {
	'anonblock' : {
		expiry: '31 hours',
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{anonblock}}',
		sig: '~~~~'
	},
	'anonblock - school' : {
		expiry: '36 hours',
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{anonblock}} &lt;!-- Likely a school based on behavioral evidence --&gt;',
		templateName: 'anonblock',
		sig: '~~~~'
	},
	'blocked proxy' : {
		expiry: '1 year',
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{blocked proxy}}',
		sig: null
	},
	'CheckUser block' : {
		expiry: '1 week',
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{CheckUser block}}',
		sig: '~~~~'
	},
	'checkuserblock-account' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{checkuserblock-account}}',
		sig: '~~~~'
	},
	'checkuserblock-wide' : {
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{checkuserblock-wide}}',
		sig: '~~~~'
	},
	'colocationwebhost' : {
		expiry: '1 year',
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{colocationwebhost}}',
		sig: null
	},
	'oversightblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		nocreate: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{OversightBlock}}',
		sig: '~~~~'
	},
	'school block' : {
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{school block}}',
		sig: '~~~~'
	},
	'spamblacklistblock' : {
		forAnonOnly: true,
		expiry: '1 month',
		disabletalk: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: '{{spamblacklistblock}} &lt;!-- editor only attempts to add blacklisted links, see [[Special:Log/spamblacklist]] --&gt;'
	},
	// Placeholder for when we add support for rangeblocks
	// 'rangeblock' : {
	//   reason: '{{rangeblock}}',
	//   nocreate: true,
	//   nonstandard: true,
	//   forAnonOnly: true,
	//   sig: '~~~~'
	// },
	'tor' : {
		expiry: '1 year',
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{Tor}}',
		sig: null
	},
	'webhostblock' : {
		expiry: '1 year',
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{webhostblock}}',
		sig: null
	},
	// uw-prefixed
	'uw-3block' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: '24 hours',
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: 'Violation of the [[WP:Three-revert rule|three-revert rule]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for violation of the [[WP:3RR|three-revert rule]]'
	},
	'uw-ablock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: '31 hours',
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reasonParam: true,
		summary: 'Your IP address has been blocked from editing',
		suppressArticleInSummary: true
	},
	'uw-adblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: 'Using Wikipedia for [[WP:Spam|spam]] or [[WP:NOTADVERTISING|advertising]] purposes',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for [[WP:SOAP|advertising or self-promotion]]'
	},
	'uw-aeblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: '[[WP:Arbitration enforcement|Arbitration enforcement]]',
		reasonParam: true,
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for violating an [[WP:Arbitration|arbitration decision]] with your edits'
	},
	'uw-bioblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: 'Violations of the [[WP:Biographies of living persons|biographies of living persons]] policy',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for violations of Wikipedia\'s [[WP:BLP|biographies of living persons policy]]'
	},
	'uw-block' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: '24 hours',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reasonParam: true,
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing',
		suppressArticleInSummary: true
	},
	'uw-blockindef' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reasonParam: true,
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing',
		suppressArticleInSummary: true
	},
	'uw-blocknotalk' : {
		disabletalk: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reasonParam: true,
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing and your user talk page access has been disabled',
		suppressArticleInSummary: true
	},
	'uw-botblock': {
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: 'Running a [[WP:BOT|bot script]] without [[WP:BRFA|approval]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing because it appears you are running a [[WP:BOT|bot script]] without [[WP:BRFA|approval]]'
	},
	'uw-botublock': {
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		reason: '{{uw-botublock}} &lt;!-- Username implies a bot, soft block --&gt;',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your [[WP:U|username]] indicates this is a [[WP:BOT|bot]] account, which is currently not approved'
	},
	'uw-causeblock' : {
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		reason: '{{uw-causeblock}} &lt;!-- Username represents a non-profit, soft block --&gt;',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your [[WP:U|username]] gives the impression that the account represents a group, organization or website'
	},
	'uw-compblock': {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: 'Compromised account',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because it is believed that your [[WP:SECURE|account has been compromised]]'
	},
	'uw-copyrightblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: '24 hours',
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: '[[WP:Copyright violations|Copyright violations]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for continued [[WP:COPYVIO|copyright infringement]]'
	},
	'uw-dblock': {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: 'Persistent removal of content',
		pageParam: true,
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for continued [[WP:VAND|removal of material]]'
	},
	'uw-disruptblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: '[[WP:Disruptive editing|Disruptive editing]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for [[WP:DE|disruptive editing]]'
	},
	'uw-efblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: 'Deliberately triggering the [[WP:Edit filter|Edit filter]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for making disruptive edits that repeatedly triggered the [[WP:EF|edit filter]]'
	},
	'uw-ewblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: '24 hours',
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: '[[WP:Edit warring|Edit warring]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing to prevent further [[WP:DE|disruption]] caused by your engagement in an [[WP:EW|edit war]]'
	},
	'uw-hblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: '[[WP:No personal attacks|Personal attacks]] or [[WP:Harassment|harassment]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for attempting to [[WP:HARASS|harass]] other users'
	},
	'uw-ipevadeblock' : {
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: '[[WP:Blocking policy#Evasion of blocks|Block evasion]]',
		summary: 'Your IP address has been blocked from editing because it has been used to [[WP:EVADE|evade a previous block]]'
	},
	'uw-lblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		nocreate: true,
		reason: 'Making [[WP:No legal threats|legal threats]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for making [[WP:NLT|legal threats or taking legal action]]'
	},
	'uw-memorialblock': {
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		reason: '{{uw-memorialblock}} &lt;!-- Username indicates tribute to someone, soft block --&gt;',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your [[WP:U|username]] indicates this account may be used as a memorial or tribute to someone'
	},
	'uw-myblock': {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: 'Using Wikipedia as a [[WP:NOTMYSPACE|blog, web host, social networking site or forum]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for using user and/or article pages as a [[WP:NOTMYSPACE|blog, web host, social networking site or forum]]'
	},
	'uw-nothereblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		nocreate: true,
		reason: 'Clearly [[WP:NOTHERE|not here to contribute to the encyclopedia]]',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because it appears that you are not here to [[WP:NOTHERE|build an encyclopedia]]'
	},
	'uw-npblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: 'Creating [[WP:Patent nonsense|patent nonsense]] or other inappropriate pages',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for creating [[WP:PN|nonsense pages]]'
	},
	'uw-pablock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: '31 hours',
		nocreate: true,
		reason: '[[WP:No personal attacks|Personal attacks]] or [[WP:Harassment|harassment]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for making [[WP:NPA|personal attacks]] toward other users'
	},
	'uw-sblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: 'Using Wikipedia for [[WP:SPAM|spam]] purposes',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for using Wikipedia for [[WP:SPAM|spam]] purposes'
	},
	'uw-soablock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: '[[WP:Spam|Spam]] / [[WP:NOTADVERTISING|advertising]]-only account',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your account is being used only for [[WP:SPAM|spam, advertising, or promotion]]'
	},
	'uw-sockblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: 'Abusing [[WP:Sock puppetry|multiple accounts]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for abusing [[WP:SOCK|multiple accounts]]'
	},
	'uw-softerblock' : {
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		reason: '{{uw-softerblock}} &lt;!-- Promotional username, soft block --&gt;',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your [[WP:U|username]] gives the impression that the account represents a group, organization or website'
	},
	'uw-spamublock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: '{{uw-spamublock}} &lt;!-- Promotional username, promotional edits --&gt;',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your account is being used only for [[WP:SPAM|spam or advertising]] and your username is a violation of the [[WP:U|username policy]]'
	},
	'uw-spoablock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: '[[WP:SOCK|Sock puppetry]]',
		summary: 'This account has been blocked as a [[WP:SOCK|sock puppet]] created to violate Wikipedia policy'
	},
	'uw-talkrevoked' : {
		disabletalk: true,
		reason: 'Revoking talk page access: inappropriate use of user talk page while blocked',
		prependReason: true,
		summary: 'Your user talk page access has been disabled',
		useInitialOptions: true
	},
	'uw-ublock' : {
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		reason: '{{uw-ublock}} &lt;!-- Username violation, soft block --&gt;',
		reasonParam: true,
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your username is a violation of the [[WP:U|username policy]]'
	},
	'uw-ublock-double': {
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		reason: '{{uw-ublock-double}} &lt;!-- Username closely resembles another user, soft block --&gt;',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your [[WP:U|username]] is too similar to the username of another Wikipedia user'
	},
	'uw-ucblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: '31 hours',
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: 'Persistent addition of [[WP:INTREF|unsourced content]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for persistent addition of [[WP:INTREF|unsourced content]]'
	},
	'uw-uhblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: '{{uw-uhblock}} &lt;!-- Username violation, hard block --&gt;',
		reasonParam: true,
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your username is a blatant violation of the [[WP:U|username policy]]'
	},
	'uw-ublock-famous' : {
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		reason: '{{uw-ublock-famous}} &lt;!-- Username represents a famous person, soft block --&gt;',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your [[WP:U|username]] matches the name of a well-known living individual'
	},
	'uw-uhblock-double': {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		reason: '{{uw-ublock-double}} &lt;!-- Username closely resembles another user, hard block --&gt;',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your [[WP:U|username]] appears to impersonate another established Wikipedia user'
	},
	'uw-vaublock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: '{{uw-vaublock}} &lt;!-- Username violation, vandalism-only account --&gt;',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your account is being [[WP:VOA|used only for vandalism]] and your username is a blatant violation of the [[WP:U|username policy]]'
	},
	'uw-vblock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: '31 hours',
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: '[[WP:Vandalism|Vandalism]]',
		summary: 'You have been blocked from editing for persistent [[WP:VAND|vandalism]]'
	},
	'uw-voablock' : {
		autoblock: true,
		expiry: 'infinity',
		forRegisteredOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		pageParam: true,
		reason: '[[WP:Vandalism-only account|Vandalism-only account]]',
		summary: 'You have been indefinitely blocked from editing because your account is being [[WP:VOA|used only for vandalism]]'
	},
	'zombie proxy' : {
		expiry: '1 month',
		forAnonOnly: true,
		nocreate: true,
		nonstandard: true,
		reason: '{{zombie proxy}}',
		sig: null
	}
};

Twinkle.block.transformBlockPresets = function twinkleblockTransformBlockPresets() {
	// supply sensible defaults
	$.each(Twinkle.block.blockPresetsInfo, function(preset, settings) {
		settings.summary = settings.summary || settings.reason;
		settings.sig = settings.sig !== undefined ? settings.sig : 'yes';
		// despite this it's preferred that you use 'infinity' as the value for expiry
		settings.indefinite = settings.indefinite || settings.expiry === 'infinity' || settings.expiry === 'indefinite' || settings.expiry === 'never';

		if (!Twinkle.block.isRegistered &amp;&amp; settings.indefinite) {
			settings.expiry = '31 hours';
		} else {
			settings.expiry = settings.expiry || '31 hours';
		}

		Twinkle.block.blockPresetsInfo[preset] = settings;
	});
};

// These are the groups of presets and defines the order in which they appear. For each list item:
//   label: &lt;string, the description that will be visible in the dropdown&gt;
//   value: &lt;string, the key of a preset in blockPresetsInfo&gt;
Twinkle.block.blockGroups = [
	{
		label: 'Common block reasons',
		list: [
			{ label: 'anonblock', value: 'anonblock' },
			{ label: 'anonblock - likely a school', value: 'anonblock - school' },
			{ label: 'school block', value: 'school block' },
			{ label: 'Generic block (custom reason)', value: 'uw-block' }, // ends up being default for registered users
			{ label: 'Generic block (custom reason) – IP', value: 'uw-ablock', selected: true }, // set only when blocking IP
			{ label: 'Generic block (custom reason) – indefinite', value: 'uw-blockindef' },
			{ label: 'Disruptive editing', value: 'uw-disruptblock' },
			{ label: 'Inappropriate use of user talk page while blocked', value: 'uw-talkrevoked' },
			{ label: 'Not here to contribute to the encyclopedia', value: 'uw-nothereblock' },
			{ label: 'Unsourced content', value: 'uw-ucblock' },
			{ label: 'Vandalism', value: 'uw-vblock' },
			{ label: 'Vandalism-only account', value: 'uw-voablock' }
		],
	},
	{
		label: 'Extended reasons',
		list: [
			{ label: 'Advertising', value: 'uw-adblock' },
			{ label: 'Arbitration enforcement', value: 'uw-aeblock' },
			{ label: 'Block evasion – IP', value: 'uw-ipevadeblock' },
			{ label: 'BLP violations', value: 'uw-bioblock' },
			{ label: 'Copyright violations', value: 'uw-copyrightblock' },
			{ label: 'Creating inappropriate pages', value: 'uw-npblock' },
			{ label: 'Edit filter-related', value: 'uw-efblock' },
			{ label: 'Edit warring', value: 'uw-ewblock' },
			{ label: 'Generic block with talk page access revoked', value: 'uw-blocknotalk' },
			{ label: 'Harassment', value: 'uw-hblock' },
			{ label: 'Legal threats', value: 'uw-lblock' },
			{ label: 'Personal attacks or harassment', value: 'uw-pablock' },
			{ label: 'Possible compromised account', value: 'uw-compblock' },
			{ label: 'Removal of content', value: 'uw-dblock' },
			{ label: 'Sock puppetry (master)', value: 'uw-sockblock' },
			{ label: 'Sock puppetry (puppet)', value: 'uw-spoablock' },
			{ label: 'Social networking', value: 'uw-myblock' },
			{ label: 'Spam', value: 'uw-sblock' },
			{ label: 'Spam/advertising-only account', value: 'uw-soablock' },
			{ label: 'Unapproved bot', value: 'uw-botblock' },
			{ label: 'Violating the three-revert rule', value: 'uw-3block' }
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'Username violations',
		list: [
			{ label: 'Bot username', value: 'uw-botublock' },
			{ label: 'Memorial username soft block', value: 'uw-memorialblock' },
			{ label: 'Promotional username, hard block', value: 'uw-spamublock' },
			{ label: 'Promotional username, soft block', value: 'uw-softerblock' },
			{ label: 'Similar username soft block', value: 'uw-ublock-double' },
			{ label: 'Username violation, soft block', value: 'uw-ublock' },
			{ label: 'Username violation, hard block', value: 'uw-uhblock' },
			{ label: 'Username impersonation hard block', value: 'uw-uhblock-double' },
			{ label: 'Username represents a famous person, soft block', value: 'uw-ublock-famous' },
			{ label: 'Username represents a non-profit, soft block', value: 'uw-causeblock' },
			{ label: 'Username violation, vandalism-only account', value: 'uw-vaublock' }
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'Templated reasons',
		list: [
			{ label: 'blocked proxy', value: 'blocked proxy' },
			{ label: 'CheckUser block', value: 'CheckUser block' },
			{ label: 'checkuserblock-account', value: 'checkuserblock-account' },
			{ label: 'checkuserblock-wide', value: 'checkuserblock-wide' },
			{ label: 'colocationwebhost', value: 'colocationwebhost' },
			{ label: 'oversightblock', value: 'oversightblock' },
			// { label: 'rangeblock', value: 'rangeblock' }, // placeholder for when we add support for rangeblocks
			{ label: 'spamblacklistblock', value: 'spamblacklistblock' },
			{ label: 'tor', value: 'tor' },
			{ label: 'webhostblock', value: 'webhostblock' },
			{ label: 'zombie proxy', value: 'zombie proxy' }
		]
	}
];

Twinkle.block.callback.filtered_block_groups = function twinkleblockCallbackFilteredBlockGroups(show_template) {
	return $.map(Twinkle.block.blockGroups, function(blockGroup) {
		var list = $.map(blockGroup.list, function(blockPreset) {
				// only show uw-talkrevoked if reblocking
				if (!Twinkle.block.currentBlockInfo &amp;&amp; blockPreset.value === &quot;uw-talkrevoked&quot;) return;

				var blockSettings = Twinkle.block.blockPresetsInfo[blockPreset.value];
				var registrationRestrict = blockSettings.forRegisteredOnly ? Twinkle.block.isRegistered : (blockSettings.forAnonOnly ? !Twinkle.block.isRegistered : true);
				if (!(blockSettings.templateName &amp;&amp; show_template) &amp;&amp; registrationRestrict) {
					var templateName = blockSettings.templateName || blockPreset.value;
					return {
						label: (show_template ? '{{' + templateName + '}}: ' : '') + blockPreset.label,
						value: blockPreset.value,
						data: [{
							name: 'template-name',
							value: templateName
						}],
						selected: !!blockPreset.selected
					};
				}
			});
		if (list.length) return {
				label: blockGroup.label,
				list: list
			};
	});
};

Twinkle.block.callback.change_preset = function twinkleblockCallbackChangePreset(e) {
	var key = e.target.form.preset.value;
	if (!key) return;

	e.target.form.template.value = Twinkle.block.blockPresetsInfo[key].templateName || key;
	Twinkle.block.callback.update_form(e, Twinkle.block.blockPresetsInfo[key]);
	Twinkle.block.callback.change_template(e);
};

Twinkle.block.callback.change_expiry = function twinkleblockCallbackChangeExpiry(e) {
	var expiry = e.target.form.expiry;
	if (e.target.value === 'custom') {
		Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility(expiry.parentNode, true);
	} else {
		Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility(expiry.parentNode, false);
		expiry.value = e.target.value;
	}
};

Twinkle.block.seeAlsos = [];
Twinkle.block.callback.toggle_see_alsos = function twinkleblockCallbackToggleSeeAlso() {
	var reason = this.form.reason.value.replace(
		new RegExp('( &lt;!--|;) ' + 'see also ' + Twinkle.block.seeAlsos.join(' and ') + '( --&gt;)?'), ''
	);

	Twinkle.block.seeAlsos = Twinkle.block.seeAlsos.filter(function(el) {
		return el !== this.value;
	}.bind(this));

	if (this.checked) Twinkle.block.seeAlsos.push(this.value);
	var seeAlsoMessage = Twinkle.block.seeAlsos.join(' and ');

	if (!Twinkle.block.seeAlsos.length) {
		this.form.reason.value = reason;
	} else if (reason.indexOf('{{') !== -1) {
		this.form.reason.value = reason + ' &lt;!-- see also ' + seeAlsoMessage + ' --&gt;';
	} else {
		this.form.reason.value = reason + '; see also ' + seeAlsoMessage;
	}
};

Twinkle.block.callback.update_form = function twinkleblockCallbackUpdateForm(e, data) {
	var form = e.target.form, expiry = data.expiry;

	// don't override original expiry if useInitialOptions is set
	if (!data.useInitialOptions) {
		if (Date.parse(expiry)) {
			expiry = new Date(expiry).toGMTString();
			form.expiry_preset.value = 'custom';
		} else {
			form.expiry_preset.value = data.expiry || 'custom';
		}

		form.expiry.value = expiry;
		if (form.expiry_preset.value === 'custom') {
			Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility(form.expiry.parentNode, true);
		} else {
			Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility(form.expiry.parentNode, false);
		}
	}

	// boolean-flipped options, more at [[mw:API:Block]]
	data.disabletalk = data.disabletalk !== undefined ? data.disabletalk : false;
	data.hardblock = data.hardblock !== undefined ? data.hardblock : false;

	// disable autoblock if blocking a bot
	if (Twinkle.block.isRegistered &amp;&amp; relevantUserName.search(/bot$/i) &gt; 0) {
		data.autoblock = false;
	}

	$(form.field_block_options).find(':checkbox').each(function(i, el) {
		// don't override original options if useInitialOptions is set
		if (data.useInitialOptions &amp;&amp; data[el.name] === undefined) return;

		var check = data[el.name] === '' || !!data[el.name];
		$(el).prop('checked', check);
	});

	if (data.prependReason &amp;&amp; data.reason) {
		form.reason.value = data.reason + '; ' + form.reason.value;
	} else {
		form.reason.value = data.reason || '';
	}
};

Twinkle.block.callback.change_template = function twinkleblockcallbackChangeTemplate(e) {
	var form = e.target.form, value = form.template.value, settings = Twinkle.block.blockPresetsInfo[value];

	if (!$(form).find('[name=actiontype][value=block]').is(':checked')) {
		if (settings.indefinite || settings.nonstandard) {
			if (Twinkle.block.prev_template_expiry === null) {
				Twinkle.block.prev_template_expiry = form.template_expiry.value || '';
			}
			form.template_expiry.parentNode.style.display = 'none';
			form.template_expiry.value = 'indefinite';
		} else if ( form.template_expiry.parentNode.style.display === 'none' ) {
			if(Twinkle.block.prev_template_expiry !== null) {
				form.template_expiry.value = Twinkle.block.prev_template_expiry;
				Twinkle.block.prev_template_expiry = null;
			}
			form.template_expiry.parentNode.style.display = 'block';
		}
		if (Twinkle.block.prev_template_expiry) form.expiry.value = Twinkle.block.prev_template_expiry;
		Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility(form.notalk.parentNode, !settings.nonstandard);
	} else {
		Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility(
			form.blank_duration.parentNode,
			!settings.indefinite &amp;&amp; !settings.nonstandard
		);
	}

	Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility(form.article.parentNode, !!settings.pageParam);
	Morebits.quickForm.setElementVisibility(form.block_reason.parentNode, !!settings.reasonParam);

	form.root.previewer.closePreview();
};
Twinkle.block.prev_template_expiry = null;
Twinkle.block.prev_block_reason = null;
Twinkle.block.prev_article = null;
Twinkle.block.prev_reason = null;

Twinkle.block.callback.preview = function twinkleblockcallbackPreview(form) {
	var params = {
		article: form.article.value,
		blank_duration: form.blank_duration ? form.blank_duration.checked : false,
		disabletalk: form.disabletalk.checked || (form.notalk ? form.notalk.checked : false),
		expiry: form.template_expiry ? form.template_expiry.value : form.expiry.value,
		hardblock: Twinkle.block.isRegistered ? form.autoblock.checked : form.hardblock.checked,
		indefinite: (/indef|infinity|never|\*|max/).test( form.template_expiry ? form.template_expiry.value : form.expiry.value ),
		reason: form.block_reason.value,
		template: form.template.value
	};

	var templateText = Twinkle.block.callback.getBlockNoticeWikitext(params);

	form.previewer.beginRender(templateText);
};

Twinkle.block.callback.evaluate = function twinkleblockCallbackEvaluate(e) {
	var $form = $(e.target),
		toBlock = $form.find('[name=actiontype][value=block]').is(':checked'),
		toWarn = $form.find('[name=actiontype][value=template]').is(':checked'),
		blockoptions = {}, templateoptions = {};

	Twinkle.block.callback.saveFieldset($form.find('[name=field_block_options]'));
	Twinkle.block.callback.saveFieldset($form.find('[name=field_template_options]'));

	blockoptions = Twinkle.block.field_block_options;

	templateoptions = Twinkle.block.field_template_options;
	templateoptions.disabletalk = !!(templateoptions.disabletalk || blockoptions.disabletalk);
	templateoptions.hardblock = !!blockoptions.hardblock;
	delete blockoptions.expiry_preset; // remove extraneous

	// use block settings as warn options where not supplied
	templateoptions.summary = templateoptions.summary || blockoptions.reason;
	templateoptions.expiry = templateoptions.template_expiry || blockoptions.expiry;

	if (toBlock) {
		if (!blockoptions.expiry) return alert('Please provide an expiry!');
		if (!blockoptions.reason) return alert('Please provide a reason for the block!');

		Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
		Morebits.status.init( e.target );
		var statusElement = new Morebits.status('Executing block');
		blockoptions.action = 'block';
		blockoptions.user = mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName');

		// boolean-flipped options
		blockoptions.anononly = blockoptions.hardblock ? undefined : true;
		blockoptions.allowusertalk = blockoptions.disabletalk ? undefined : true;

		// fix for bug with block API, see [[phab:T68646]]
		if (blockoptions.expiry === 'infinity') blockoptions.expiry = 'infinite';

		// execute block
		api.getToken('block').then(function(token) {
			statusElement.status('Processing...');
			blockoptions.token = token;
			var mbApi = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Executing block', blockoptions, function() {
				statusElement.info('Completed');
				if (toWarn) Twinkle.block.callback.issue_template(templateoptions);
			});
			mbApi.post();
		}, function() {
			statusElement.error('Unable to fetch block token');
		});
	} else if (toWarn) {
		Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );

		Morebits.status.init( e.target );
		Twinkle.block.callback.issue_template(templateoptions);
	} else {
		return alert('Please give Twinkle something to do!');
	}
};

Twinkle.block.callback.issue_template = function twinkleblockCallbackIssueTemplate(formData) {
	var userTalkPage = 'User_talk:' + mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName');

	var params = $.extend(formData, {
		messageData: Twinkle.block.blockPresetsInfo[formData.template],
		reason: Twinkle.block.field_template_options.block_reason,
		disabletalk: Twinkle.block.field_template_options.notalk
	});

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = userTalkPage;
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = 'Actions complete, loading user talk page in a few seconds';

	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page( userTalkPage, 'User talk page modification' );
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters( params );
	wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect( true );
	wikipedia_page.load( Twinkle.block.callback.main );
};

Twinkle.block.callback.getBlockNoticeWikitext = function(params) {
	var text = '{{', settings = Twinkle.block.blockPresetsInfo[params.template];

	if (!settings.nonstandard) {
		text += 'subst:'+params.template;
		if (params.article &amp;&amp; settings.pageParam) text += '|page=' + params.article;

		if (!/te?mp|^\s*$|min/.exec(params.expiry)) {
			if (params.indefinite) {
				text += '|indef=yes';
			} else if(!params.blank_duration) {
				text += '|time=' + params.expiry;
			}
		}

		if (!Twinkle.block.isRegistered &amp;&amp; !params.hardblock) {
			text += '|anon=yes';
		}

		if (params.reason) text += '|reason=' + params.reason;
		if (params.disabletalk) text += '|notalk=yes';
	} else {
		text += params.template;
	}

	if (settings.sig) text += '|sig=' + settings.sig;

	return text + '}}';
};

Twinkle.block.callback.main = function twinkleblockcallbackMain( pageobj ) {
	var text = pageobj.getPageText(),
		params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters(),
		messageData = params.messageData,
		date = new Date();

	var dateHeaderRegex = new RegExp( '^==+\\s*(?:' + date.getUTCMonthName() + '|' + date.getUTCMonthNameAbbrev() +
		')\\s+' + date.getUTCFullYear() + '\\s*==+', 'mg' );
	var dateHeaderRegexLast, dateHeaderRegexResult;
	while ((dateHeaderRegexLast = dateHeaderRegex.exec( text )) !== null) {
		dateHeaderRegexResult = dateHeaderRegexLast;
	}
	// If dateHeaderRegexResult is null then lastHeaderIndex is never checked. If it is not null but
	// \n== is not found, then the date header must be at the very start of the page. lastIndexOf
	// returns -1 in this case, so lastHeaderIndex gets set to 0 as desired.
	var lastHeaderIndex = text.lastIndexOf( '\n==' ) + 1;

	if ( text.length &gt; 0 ) {
		text += '\n\n';
	}

	params.indefinite = (/indef|infinity|never|\*|max/).test( params.expiry );

	if ( Twinkle.getPref('blankTalkpageOnIndefBlock') &amp;&amp; params.template !== 'uw-lblock' &amp;&amp; params.indefinite ) {
		Morebits.status.info( 'Info', 'Blanking talk page per preferences and creating a new level 2 heading for the date' );
		text = '== ' + date.getUTCMonthName() + ' ' + date.getUTCFullYear() + ' ==\n';
	} else if( !dateHeaderRegexResult || dateHeaderRegexResult.index !== lastHeaderIndex ) {
		Morebits.status.info( 'Info', 'Will create a new level 2 heading for the date, as none was found for this month' );
		text += '== ' + date.getUTCMonthName() + ' ' + date.getUTCFullYear() + ' ==\n';
	}

	params.expiry = typeof params.template_expiry !== &quot;undefined&quot; ? params.template_expiry : params.expiry;

	text += Twinkle.block.callback.getBlockNoticeWikitext(params);

	// build the edit summary
	var summary = messageData.summary;
	if ( messageData.suppressArticleInSummary !== true &amp;&amp; params.article ) {
		summary += ' on [[:' + params.article + ']]';
	}
	summary += '.' + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd');

	pageobj.setPageText( text );
	pageobj.setEditSummary( summary );
	pageobj.setWatchlist( Twinkle.getPref('watchWarnings') );
	pageobj.save();
};

})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cbpaxxlregzndpgswrmpa1p3qs68swm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinklespeedy.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5635</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32201</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:32:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-10</comment>
      <origin>32201</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="78269" sha1="e3a8shrd7681vhtegak3idino5m6v3o" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinklespeedy.js: CSD module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;CSD&quot;)
 * Active on:              Non-special, existing pages
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 *
 * NOTE FOR DEVELOPERS:
 *   If adding a new criterion, add it to the appropriate places at the top of
 *   twinkleconfig.js.  Also check out the default values of the CSD preferences
 *   in twinkle.js, and add your new criterion to those if you think it would be
 *   good.
 */

Twinkle.speedy = function twinklespeedy() {
	// Disable on:
	// * special pages
	// * non-existent pages
	if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') &lt; 0 || !mw.config.get('wgArticleId')) {
		return;
	}

	Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.speedy.callback, &quot;CSD&quot;, &quot;tw-csd&quot;, Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') ? &quot;Delete page according to WP:CSD&quot; : &quot;Request speedy deletion according to WP:CSD&quot; );
};

// This function is run when the CSD tab/header link is clicked
Twinkle.speedy.callback = function twinklespeedyCallback() {
	Twinkle.speedy.initDialog(Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ? Twinkle.speedy.callback.evaluateSysop : Twinkle.speedy.callback.evaluateUser, true);
};

// Used by unlink feature
Twinkle.speedy.dialog = null;

// The speedy criteria list can be in one of several modes
Twinkle.speedy.mode = {
	sysopSingleSubmit: 1,  // radio buttons, no subgroups, submit when &quot;Submit&quot; button is clicked
	sysopRadioClick: 2,  // radio buttons, no subgroups, submit when a radio button is clicked
	sysopMultipleSubmit: 3, // check boxes, subgroups, &quot;Submit&quot; button already present
	sysopMultipleRadioClick: 4, // check boxes, subgroups, need to add a &quot;Submit&quot; button
	userMultipleSubmit: 5,  // check boxes, subgroups, &quot;Submit&quot; button already pressent
	userMultipleRadioClick: 6,  // check boxes, subgroups, need to add a &quot;Submit&quot; button
	userSingleSubmit: 7,  // radio buttons, subgroups, submit when &quot;Submit&quot; button is clicked
	userSingleRadioClick: 8,  // radio buttons, subgroups, submit when a radio button is clicked

	// are we in &quot;delete page&quot; mode?
	// (sysops can access both &quot;delete page&quot; [sysop] and &quot;tag page only&quot; [user] modes)
	isSysop: function twinklespeedyModeIsSysop(mode) {
		return mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopSingleSubmit ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopMultipleSubmit ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopRadioClick ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopMultipleRadioClick;
	},
	// do we have a &quot;Submit&quot; button once the form is created?
	hasSubmitButton: function twinklespeedyModeHasSubmitButton(mode) {
		return mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopSingleSubmit ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopMultipleSubmit ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopMultipleRadioClick ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.userMultipleSubmit ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.userMultipleRadioClick ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.userSingleSubmit;
	},
	// is db-multiple the outcome here?
	isMultiple: function twinklespeedyModeIsMultiple(mode) {
		return mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.userMultipleSubmit ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopMultipleSubmit ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.userMultipleRadioClick ||
			mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopMultipleRadioClick;
	},
};

// Prepares the speedy deletion dialog and displays it
Twinkle.speedy.initDialog = function twinklespeedyInitDialog(callbackfunc) {
	var dialog;
	Twinkle.speedy.dialog = new Morebits.simpleWindow( Twinkle.getPref('speedyWindowWidth'), Twinkle.getPref('speedyWindowHeight') );
	dialog = Twinkle.speedy.dialog;
	dialog.setTitle( &quot;Choose criteria for speedy deletion&quot; );
	dialog.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	dialog.addFooterLink( &quot;Speedy deletion policy&quot;, &quot;WP:CSD&quot; );
	dialog.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#speedy&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( callbackfunc, (Twinkle.getPref('speedySelectionStyle') === 'radioClick' ? 'change' : null) );
	if( Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ) {
		form.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Tag page only, don\'t delete',
						value: 'tag_only',
						name: 'tag_only',
						tooltip: 'If you just want to tag the page, instead of deleting it now',
						checked : Twinkle.getPref('deleteSysopDefaultToTag'),
						event: function( event ) {
							var cForm = event.target.form;
							var cChecked = event.target.checked;
							// enable/disable talk page checkbox
							if (cForm.talkpage) {
								cForm.talkpage.disabled = cChecked;
								cForm.talkpage.checked = !cChecked &amp;&amp; Twinkle.getPref('deleteTalkPageOnDelete');
							}
							// enable/disable redirects checkbox
							cForm.redirects.disabled = cChecked;
							cForm.redirects.checked = !cChecked;
							// enable/disable delete multiple
							cForm.delmultiple.disabled = cChecked;
							cForm.delmultiple.checked = false;
							// enable/disable open talk page checkbox
							cForm.openusertalk.disabled = cChecked;
							cForm.openusertalk.checked = false;

							// enable/disable notify checkbox
							cForm.notify.disabled = !cChecked;
							cForm.notify.checked = cChecked;
							// enable/disable multiple
							cForm.multiple.disabled = !cChecked;
							cForm.multiple.checked = false;

							Twinkle.speedy.callback.modeChanged(cForm);

							event.stopPropagation();
						}
					}
				]
			} );

		var deleteOptions = form.append( {
				type: 'div',
				name: 'delete_options'
			} );
		deleteOptions.append( {
				type: 'header',
				label: 'Delete-related options'
			} );
		if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') % 2 === 0 &amp;&amp; (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') !== 2 || (/\//).test(mw.config.get('wgTitle')))) {  // hide option for user pages, to avoid accidentally deleting user talk page
			deleteOptions.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Also delete talk page',
						value: 'talkpage',
						name: 'talkpage',
						tooltip: &quot;This option deletes the page's talk page in addition. If you choose the F8 (moved to Commons) criterion, this option is ignored and the talk page is *not* deleted.&quot;,
						checked: Twinkle.getPref('deleteTalkPageOnDelete'),
						disabled: Twinkle.getPref('deleteSysopDefaultToTag'),
						event: function( event ) {
							event.stopPropagation();
						}
					}
				]
			} );
		}
		deleteOptions.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Also delete all redirects',
						value: 'redirects',
						name: 'redirects',
						tooltip: &quot;This option deletes all incoming redirects in addition. Avoid this option for procedural (e.g. move/merge) deletions.&quot;,
						checked: Twinkle.getPref('deleteRedirectsOnDelete'),
						disabled: Twinkle.getPref('deleteSysopDefaultToTag'),
						event: function( event ) {
							event.stopPropagation();
						}
					}
				]
			} );
		deleteOptions.append( {
			type: 'checkbox',
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Delete under multiple criteria',
					value: 'delmultiple',
					name: 'delmultiple',
					tooltip: &quot;When selected, you can select several criteria that apply to the page. For example, G11 and A7 are a common combination for articles.&quot;,
					event: function( event ) {
						Twinkle.speedy.callback.modeChanged( event.target.form );
						event.stopPropagation();
					}
				}
			]
		} );
		deleteOptions.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Open user talk page on submit',
						value: 'openusertalk',
						name: 'openusertalk',
						tooltip: 'This defaults to your open-talk-page preferences when deleting pages under the currently selected rationale. It is left unchanged if you choose to delete under multiple criteria.',
						checked : false
					}
				]
			} );
	}

	var tagOptions = form.append( {
			type: 'div',
			name: 'tag_options'
		} );

	if( Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ) {
		tagOptions.append( {
				type: 'header',
				label: 'Tag-related options'
			} );
	}

	tagOptions.append( {
			type: 'checkbox',
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Notify page creator if possible',
					value: 'notify',
					name: 'notify',
					tooltip: &quot;A notification template will be placed on the talk page of the creator, IF you have a notification enabled in your Twinkle preferences &quot; +
						&quot;for the criterion you choose AND this box is checked. The creator may be welcomed as well.&quot;,
					checked: !Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) || Twinkle.getPref('deleteSysopDefaultToTag'),
					disabled: Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) &amp;&amp; !Twinkle.getPref('deleteSysopDefaultToTag'),
					event: function( event ) {
						event.stopPropagation();
					}
				}
			]
		} );
	tagOptions.append( {
			type: 'checkbox',
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Tag with multiple criteria',
					value: 'multiple',
					name: 'multiple',
					tooltip: &quot;When selected, you can select several criteria that apply to the page. For example, G11 and A7 are a common combination for articles.&quot;,
					disabled: Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) &amp;&amp; !Twinkle.getPref('deleteSysopDefaultToTag'),
					event: function( event ) {
						Twinkle.speedy.callback.modeChanged( event.target.form );
						event.stopPropagation();
					}
				}
			]
		} );

	form.append( {
			type: 'div',
			name: 'work_area',
			label: 'Failed to initialize the CSD module. Please try again, or tell the Twinkle developers about the issue.'
		} );

	if( Twinkle.getPref( 'speedySelectionStyle' ) !== 'radioClick' ) {
		form.append( { type: 'submit' } );
	}

	var result = form.render();
	dialog.setContent( result );
	dialog.display();

	Twinkle.speedy.callback.modeChanged( result );

	// if sysop, check if CSD is already on the page and fill in custom rationale
	if (Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') &amp;&amp; $(&quot;#delete-reason&quot;).length) {
		var customOption = $(&quot;input[name=csd][value=reason]&quot;)[0];

		if (Twinkle.getPref('speedySelectionStyle') !== 'radioClick') {
			// force listeners to re-init
			customOption.click();
			customOption.parentNode.appendChild(customOption.subgroup);
		}

		customOption.subgroup.querySelector('input').value = decodeURIComponent($(&quot;#delete-reason&quot;).text()).replace(/\+/g, ' ');
	}
};

Twinkle.speedy.callback.getMode = function twinklespeedyCallbackGetMode(form) {
	var mode = Twinkle.speedy.mode.userSingleSubmit;
	if (form.tag_only &amp;&amp; !form.tag_only.checked) {
		if (form.delmultiple.checked) {
			mode = Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopMultipleSubmit;
		} else {
			mode = Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopSingleSubmit;
		}
	} else {
		if (form.multiple.checked) {
			mode = Twinkle.speedy.mode.userMultipleSubmit;
		} else {
			mode = Twinkle.speedy.mode.userSingleSubmit;
		}
	}
	if (Twinkle.getPref('speedySelectionStyle') === 'radioClick') {
		mode++;
	}

	return mode;
};

Twinkle.speedy.callback.modeChanged = function twinklespeedyCallbackModeChanged(form) {
	var namespace = mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber');

	// first figure out what mode we're in
	var mode = Twinkle.speedy.callback.getMode(form);

	if (Twinkle.speedy.mode.isSysop(mode)) {
		$(&quot;[name=delete_options]&quot;).show();
		$(&quot;[name=tag_options]&quot;).hide();
	} else {
		$(&quot;[name=delete_options]&quot;).hide();
		$(&quot;[name=tag_options]&quot;).show();
	}

	var work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
			type: 'div',
			name: 'work_area'
		} );

	if (mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.userMultipleRadioClick || mode === Twinkle.speedy.mode.sysopMultipleRadioClick) {
		var evaluateType = Twinkle.speedy.mode.isSysop(mode) ? 'evaluateSysop' : 'evaluateUser';

		work_area.append( {
				type: 'div',
				label: 'When finished choosing criteria, click:'
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'button',
				name: 'submit-multiple',
				label: 'Submit Query',
				event: function( event ) {
					Twinkle.speedy.callback[evaluateType]( event );
					event.stopPropagation();
				}
			} );
	}

	var radioOrCheckbox = (Twinkle.speedy.mode.isMultiple(mode) ? 'checkbox' : 'radio');

	if (Twinkle.speedy.mode.isSysop(mode) &amp;&amp; !Twinkle.speedy.mode.isMultiple(mode)) {
		work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'Custom rationale' } );
		work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.customRationale, mode) } );
	}

	if (namespace % 2 === 1 &amp;&amp; namespace !== 3) {
		// show db-talk on talk pages, but not user talk pages
		work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'Talk pages' } );
		work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.talkList, mode) } );
	}

	if (!mw.config.get('wgIsRedirect')) {
		switch (namespace) {
			case 0:  // article
			case 1:  // talk
				work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'Articles' } );
				work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.articleList, mode) } );
				break;

			case 2:  // user
			case 3:  // user talk
				work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'User pages' } );
				work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.userAllList.concat(Twinkle.speedy.userNonRedirectList), mode) } );
				break;

			case 6:  // file
			case 7:  // file talk
				work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'Files' } );
				work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.fileList, mode) } );
				if (!Twinkle.speedy.mode.isSysop(mode)) {
					work_area.append( { type: 'div', label: 'Tagging for CSD F4 (no license), F5 (orphaned fair use), F6 (no fair use rationale), and F11 (no permission) can be done using Twinkle\'s &quot;DI&quot; tab.' } );
				}
				break;

			case 10:  // template
			case 11:  // template talk
				work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'Templates' } );
				work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.templateList, mode) } );
				break;

			case 14:  // category
			case 15:  // category talk
				work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'Categories' } );
				work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.categoryList, mode) } );
				break;

			case 100:  // portal
			case 101:  // portal talk
				work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'Portals' } );
				work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.portalList, mode) } );
				break;

			default:
				break;
		}
	} else if (namespace == 2 || namespace == 3) {
		work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'User pages' } );
		work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.userAllList, mode) } );
	}

	// custom rationale lives under general criteria when tagging
	var generalCriteria = Twinkle.speedy.generalList;
	if(!Twinkle.speedy.mode.isSysop(mode)) {
		generalCriteria = Twinkle.speedy.customRationale.concat(generalCriteria);
	}
	work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'General criteria' } );
	work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(generalCriteria, mode) });

	if(mw.config.get('wgIsRedirect')) {
		work_area.append( { type: 'header', label: 'Redirects' } );
		work_area.append( { type: radioOrCheckbox, name: 'csd', list: Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList(Twinkle.speedy.redirectList, mode) } );
	}

	var old_area = Morebits.quickForm.getElements(form, &quot;work_area&quot;)[0];
	form.replaceChild(work_area.render(), old_area);
};

Twinkle.speedy.generateCsdList = function twinklespeedyGenerateCsdList(list, mode) {
	// mode switches
	var isSysop = Twinkle.speedy.mode.isSysop(mode);
	var multiple = Twinkle.speedy.mode.isMultiple(mode);
	var hasSubmitButton = Twinkle.speedy.mode.hasSubmitButton(mode);

	var openSubgroupHandler = function(e) {
		$(e.target.form).find('input').prop('disabled', true);
		$(e.target.form).children().css('color', 'gray');
		$(e.target).parent().css('color', 'black').find('input').prop('disabled', false);
		$(e.target).parent().find('input:text')[0].focus();
		e.stopPropagation();
	};
	var submitSubgroupHandler = function(e) {
		var evaluateType = Twinkle.speedy.mode.isSysop(mode) ? 'evaluateSysop' : 'evaluateUser';
		Twinkle.speedy.callback[evaluateType](e);
		e.stopPropagation();
	};

	return $.map(list, function(critElement) {
		var criterion = $.extend({}, critElement);

		if (multiple) {
			if (criterion.hideWhenMultiple) {
				return null;
			}
			if (criterion.hideSubgroupWhenMultiple) {
				criterion.subgroup = null;
			}
		} else {
			if (criterion.hideWhenSingle) {
				return null;
			}
			if (criterion.hideSubgroupWhenSingle) {
				criterion.subgroup = null;
			}
		}

		if (isSysop) {
			if (criterion.hideWhenSysop) {
				return null;
			}
			if (criterion.hideSubgroupWhenSysop) {
				criterion.subgroup = null;
			}
		} else {
			if (criterion.hideWhenUser) {
				return null;
			}
			if (criterion.hideSubgroupWhenUser) {
				criterion.subgroup = null;
			}
		}

		if (mw.config.get('wgIsRedirect') &amp;&amp; criterion.hideWhenRedirect) {
			return null;
		}

		if (criterion.subgroup &amp;&amp; !hasSubmitButton) {
			if ($.isArray(criterion.subgroup)) {
				criterion.subgroup.push({
					type: 'button',
					name: 'submit',
					label: 'Submit Query',
					event: submitSubgroupHandler
				});
			} else {
				criterion.subgroup = [
					criterion.subgroup,
					{
						type: 'button',
						name: 'submit',  // ends up being called &quot;csd.submit&quot; so this is OK
						label: 'Submit Query',
						event: submitSubgroupHandler
					}
				];
			}
			// FIXME: does this do anything?
			criterion.event = openSubgroupHandler;
		}

		if ( isSysop ) {
			var originalEvent = criterion.event;
			criterion.event = function(e) {
				if (multiple) return originalEvent(e);

				var normalizedCriterion = Twinkle.speedy.normalizeHash[e.target.value];
				$('[name=openusertalk]').prop('checked',
						Twinkle.getPref('openUserTalkPageOnSpeedyDelete').indexOf(normalizedCriterion) !== -1
					);
				if ( originalEvent ) {
					return originalEvent(e);
				}
			};
		}

		return criterion;
	});
};

Twinkle.speedy.customRationale = [
	{
		label: 'Custom rationale' + (Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') ? ' (custom deletion reason)' : ' using {{db}} template'),
		value: 'reason',
		tooltip: '{{db}} is short for &quot;delete because&quot;. At least one of the other deletion criteria must still apply to the page, and you must make mention of this in your rationale. This is not a &quot;catch-all&quot; for when you can\'t find any criteria that fit.',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'reason_1',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Rationale: ',
			size: 60
		},
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.talkList = [
	{
		label: 'G8: Talk pages with no corresponding subject page',
		value: 'talk',
		tooltip: 'This excludes any page that is useful to the project - in particular, user talk pages, talk page archives, and talk pages for files that exist on Wikimedia Commons.'
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.fileList = [
	{
		label: 'F1: Redundant file',
		value: 'redundantimage',
		tooltip: 'Any file that is a redundant copy, in the same file format and same or lower resolution, of something else on Wikipedia. Likewise, other media that is a redundant copy, in the same format and of the same or lower quality. This does not apply to files duplicated on Wikimedia Commons, because of licence issues; these should be tagged with {{subst:ncd|Image:newname.ext}} or {{subst:ncd}} instead',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'redundantimage_filename',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'File this is redundant to: ',
			tooltip: 'The &quot;File:&quot; prefix can be left off.'
		}
	},
	{
		label: 'F2: Corrupt or blank file',
		value: 'noimage',
		tooltip: 'Before deleting this type of file, verify that the MediaWiki engine cannot read it by previewing a resized thumbnail of it. This also includes empty (i.e., no content) file description pages for Commons files'
	},
	{
		label: 'F2: Unneeded file description page for a file on Commons',
		value: 'fpcfail',
		tooltip: 'An image, hosted on Commons, but with tags or information on its English Wikipedia description page that are no longer needed. (For example, a failed featured picture candidate.)',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'F3: Improper license',
		value: 'noncom',
		tooltip: 'Files licensed as &quot;for non-commercial use only&quot;, &quot;non-derivative use&quot; or &quot;used with permission&quot; that were uploaded on or after 2005-05-19, except where they have been shown to comply with the limited standards for the use of non-free content. This includes files licensed under a &quot;Non-commercial Creative Commons License&quot;. Such files uploaded before 2005-05-19 may also be speedily deleted if they are not used in any articles'
	},
	{
		label: 'F4: Lack of licensing information',
		value: 'unksource',
		tooltip: 'Files in category &quot;Files with unknown source&quot;, &quot;Files with unknown copyright status&quot;, or &quot;Files with no copyright tag&quot; that have been tagged with a template that places them in the category for more than seven days, regardless of when uploaded. Note, users sometimes specify their source in the upload summary, so be sure to check the circumstances of the file.',
		hideWhenUser: true
	},
	{
		label: 'F5: Unused unfree copyrighted file',
		value: 'unfree',
		tooltip: 'Files that are not under a free license or in the public domain that are not used in any article and that have been tagged with a template that places them in a dated subcategory of Category:Orphaned fairuse files for more than seven days. Reasonable exceptions may be made for file uploaded for an upcoming article. Use the &quot;Orphaned fair use&quot; option in Twinkle\'s DI module to tag files for forthcoming deletion.',
		hideWhenUser: true
	},
	{
		label: 'F6: Missing fair-use rationale',
		value: 'norat',
		tooltip: 'Any file without a fair use rationale may be deleted seven days after it is uploaded.  Boilerplate fair use templates do not constitute a fair use rationale.  Files uploaded before 2006-05-04 should not be deleted immediately; instead, the uploader should be notified that a fair-use rationale is needed.  Files uploaded after 2006-05-04 can be tagged using the &quot;No fair use rationale&quot; option in Twinkle\'s DI module. Such files can be found in the dated subcategories of Category:Files with no fair use rationale.',
		hideWhenUser: true
	},
	{
		label: 'F7: Clearly invalid fair-use tag',
		value: 'badfairuse',  // same as below
		tooltip: 'This is only for files with a clearly invalid fair-use tag, such as a {{Non-free logo}} tag on a photograph of a mascot. For cases that require a waiting period (replaceable images or otherwise disputed rationales), use the options on Twinkle\'s DI tab.',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'badfairuse_reason',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Optional explanation: ',
			size: 60
		}
	},
	{
		label: 'F7: Fair-use media from a commercial image agency which is not the subject of sourced commentary',
		value: 'badfairuse',  // same as above
		tooltip: 'Non-free images or media from a commercial source (e.g., Associated Press, Getty), where the file itself is not the subject of sourced commentary, are considered an invalid claim of fair use and fail the strict requirements of WP:NFCC.',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'badfairuse_reason',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Optional explanation: ',
			size: 60
		},
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'F8: File available as an identical or higher-resolution copy on Wikimedia Commons',
		value: 'nowcommons',
		tooltip: 'Provided the following conditions are met: 1: The file format of both images is the same. 2: The file\'s license and source status is beyond reasonable doubt, and the license is undoubtedly accepted at Commons. 3: All information on the file description page is present on the Commons file description page. That includes the complete upload history with links to the uploader\'s local user pages. 4: The file is not protected, and the file description page does not contain a request not to move it to Commons. 5: If the file is available on Commons under a different name than locally, all local references to the file must be updated to point to the title used at Commons. 6: For {{c-uploaded}} files: They may be speedily deleted as soon as they are off the Main Page',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'nowcommons_filename',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Filename on Commons: ',
			value: Morebits.pageNameNorm,
			tooltip: 'This can be left blank if the file has the same name on Commons as here. The &quot;File:&quot; prefix is optional.'
		},
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'F9: Unambiguous copyright infringement',
		value: 'imgcopyvio',
		tooltip: 'The file was copied from a website or other source that does not have a license compatible with Wikipedia, and the uploader neither claims fair use nor makes a credible assertion of permission of free use. Sources that do not have a license compatible with Wikipedia include stock photo libraries such as Getty Images or Corbis. Non-blatant copyright infringements should be discussed at Wikipedia:Files for deletion',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'imgcopyvio_url',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'URL of the copyvio, including the &quot;http://&quot;.  If you cannot provide a URL, please do not use CSD F9.  (Exception: for copyvios of non-Internet sources, leave the box blank.) ',
			size: 60
		}
	},
	{
		label: 'F10: Useless non-media file',
		value: 'badfiletype',
		tooltip: 'Files uploaded that are neither image, sound, nor video files (e.g. .doc, .pdf, or .xls files) which are not used in any article and have no foreseeable encyclopedic use'
	},
	{
		label: 'F11: No evidence of permission',
		value: 'nopermission',
		tooltip: 'If an uploader has specified a license and has named a third party as the source/copyright holder without providing evidence that this third party has in fact agreed, the item may be deleted seven days after notification of the uploader',
		hideWhenUser: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G8: File description page with no corresponding file',
		value: 'imagepage',
		tooltip: 'This is only for use when the file doesn\'t exist at all. Corrupt files, and local description pages for files on Commons, should use F2; implausible redirects should use R3; and broken Commons redirects should use G6.'
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.articleList = [
	{
		label: 'A1: No context. Articles lacking sufficient context to identify the subject of the article.',
		value: 'nocontext',
		tooltip: 'Example: &quot;He is a funny man with a red car. He makes people laugh.&quot; This applies only to very short articles. Context is different from content, treated in A3, below.'
	},
	{
		label: 'A2: Foreign language articles that exist on another Wikimedia project',
		value: 'foreign',
		tooltip: 'If the article in question does not exist on another project, the template {{notenglish}} should be used instead. All articles in a non-English language that do not meet this criteria (and do not meet any other criteria for speedy deletion) should be listed at Pages Needing Translation (PNT) for review and possible translation',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'foreign_source',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Interwiki link to the article on the foreign-language wiki: ',
			tooltip: 'For example, fr:Bonjour'
		}
	},
	{
		label: 'A3: No content whatsoever',
		value: 'nocontent',
		tooltip: 'Any article consisting only of links elsewhere (including hyperlinks, category tags and &quot;see also&quot; sections), a rephrasing of the title, and/or attempts to correspond with the person or group named by its title. This does not include disambiguation pages'
	},
	{
		label: 'A5: Transwikied articles',
		value: 'transwiki',
		tooltip: 'Any article that has been discussed at Articles for Deletion (et al), where the outcome was to transwiki, and where the transwikification has been properly performed and the author information recorded. Alternately, any article that consists of only a dictionary definition, where the transwikification has been properly performed and the author information recorded'
	},
	{
		label: 'A7: Unremarkable people, groups, companies, web content, individual animals, or organized events',
		value: 'a7',
		tooltip: 'An article about a real person, group of people, band, club, company, web content, individual animal, tour, or party that does not assert the importance or significance of its subject. If controversial, or if a previous AfD has resulted in the article being kept, the article should be nominated for AfD instead',
		hideWhenSingle: true
	},
	{
		label: 'A7: Unremarkable person',
		value: 'person',
		tooltip: 'An article about a real person that does not assert the importance or significance of its subject. If controversial, or if there has been a previous AfD that resulted in the article being kept, the article should be nominated for AfD instead',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'A7: Unremarkable musician(s) or band',
		value: 'band',
		tooltip: 'Article about a band, singer, musician, or musical ensemble that does not assert the importance or significance of the subject',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'A7: Unremarkable club',
		value: 'club',
		tooltip: 'Article about a club that does not assert the importance or significance of the subject',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'A7: Unremarkable company or organization',
		value: 'corp',
		tooltip: 'Article about a company or organization that does not assert the importance or significance of the subject',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'A7: Unremarkable website or web content',
		value: 'web',
		tooltip: 'Article about a web site, blog, online forum, webcomic, podcast, or similar web content that does not assert the importance or significance of its subject',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'A7: Unremarkable individual animal',
		value: 'animal',
		tooltip: 'Article about an individual animal (e.g. pet) that does not assert the importance or significance of its subject',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'A7: Unremarkable organized event',
		value: 'event',
		tooltip: 'Article about an organized event (tour, function, meeting, party, etc.) that does not assert the importance or significance of its subject',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'A9: Unremarkable musical recording where artist\'s article doesn\'t exist',
		value: 'a9',
		tooltip: 'An article about a musical recording which does not indicate why its subject is important or significant, and where the artist\'s article has never existed or has been deleted'
	},
	{
		label: 'A10: Recently created article that duplicates an existing topic',
		value: 'a10',
		tooltip: 'A recently created article with no relevant page history that does not aim to expand upon, detail or improve information within any existing article(s) on the subject, and where the title is not a plausible redirect. This does not include content forks, split pages or any article that aims at expanding or detailing an existing one.',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'a10_article',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Article that is duplicated: '
		}
	},
	{
		label: 'A11: Obviously made up by creator, and no claim of significance',
		value: 'madeup',
		tooltip: 'An article which plainly indicates that the subject was invented/coined/discovered by the article\'s creator or someone they know personally, and does not credibly indicate why its subject is important or significant'
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.categoryList = [
	{
		label: 'C1: Empty categories',
		value: 'catempty',
		tooltip: 'Categories that have been unpopulated for at least seven days. This does not apply to categories being discussed at WP:CFD, disambiguation categories, and certain other exceptions. If the category isn\'t relatively new, it possibly contained articles earlier, and deeper investigation is needed'
	},
	{
		label: 'G8: Categories populated by a deleted or retargeted template',
		value: 'templatecat',
		tooltip: 'This is for situations where a category is effectively empty, because the template(s) that formerly placed pages in that category are now deleted. This excludes categories that are still in use.'
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.userAllList = [
	{
		label: 'U1: User request',
		value: 'userreq',
		tooltip: 'Personal subpages, upon request by their user. In some rare cases there may be administrative need to retain the page. Also, sometimes, main user pages may be deleted as well. See Wikipedia:User page for full instructions and guidelines',
		subgroup: ((mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 3 &amp;&amp; mw.config.get('wgTitle').indexOf('/') === -1) ? {
			name: 'userreq_rationale',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'A mandatory rationale to explain why this user talk page should be deleted: ',
			tooltip: 'User talk pages are deleted only in highly exceptional circumstances. See WP:DELTALK.',
			size: 60
		} : null),
		hideSubgroupWhenMultiple: true
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.userNonRedirectList = [
	{
		label: 'U2: Nonexistent user',
		value: 'nouser',
		tooltip: 'User pages of users that do not exist (Check Special:Listusers)'
	},
	{
		label: 'U3: Non-free galleries',
		value: 'gallery',
		tooltip: 'Galleries in the userspace which consist mostly of &quot;fair use&quot; or non-free files. Wikipedia\'s non-free content policy forbids users from displaying non-free files, even ones they have uploaded themselves, in userspace. It is acceptable to have free files, GFDL-files, Creative Commons and similar licenses along with public domain material, but not &quot;fair use&quot; files'
	},
	{
		label: 'U5: Blatant WP:NOTWEBHOST violations',
		value: 'notwebhost',
		tooltip: 'Pages in userspace consisting of writings, information, discussions, and/or activities not closely related to Wikipedia\'s goals, where the owner has made few or no edits outside of userspace, with the exception of plausible drafts and pages adhering to WP:UPYES.'
	},
	{
		label: 'G6: Blank draft',
		value: 'blankdraft',
		tooltip: 'Userspace drafts containing only the default Article Wizard text, where the author of the page has been inactive for at least one year.',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G11: Promotional user page under a promotional user name',
		value: 'spamuser',
		tooltip: 'A promotional user page, with a username that promotes or implies affiliation with the thing being promoted. Note that simply having a page on a company or product in one\'s userspace does not qualify it for deletion. If a user page is spammy but the username is not, then consider tagging with regular G11 instead.',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.templateList = [
	{
		label: 'T2: Templates that are blatant misrepresentations of established policy',
		value: 'policy',
		tooltip: 'This includes &quot;speedy deletion&quot; templates for issues that are not speedy deletion criteria and disclaimer templates intended to be used in articles'
	},
	{
		label: 'T3: Duplicate templates or hardcoded instances',
		value: 'duplicatetemplate',
		tooltip: 'Templates that are either substantial duplications of another template or hardcoded instances of another template where the same functionality could be provided by that other template',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'duplicatetemplate_2',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Template this is redundant to: ',
			tooltip: 'The &quot;Template:&quot; prefix is not needed.'
		},
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.portalList = [
	{
		label: 'P1: Portal that would be subject to speedy deletion if it were an article',
		value: 'p1',
		tooltip: 'You must specify the article criterion that applies in this case (A1, A3, A7, or A10).',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'p1_1',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Article criterion that would apply: '
		},
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'P2: Underpopulated portal',
		value: 'emptyportal',
		tooltip: 'Any Portal based on a topic for which there is not a non-stub header article, and at least three non-stub articles detailing subject matter that would be appropriate to discuss under the title of that Portal'
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.generalList = [
	{
		label: 'G1: Patent nonsense. Pages consisting purely of incoherent text or gibberish with no meaningful content or history.',
		value: 'nonsense',
		tooltip: 'This does not include poor writing, partisan screeds, obscene remarks, vandalism, fictional material, material not in English, poorly translated material, implausible theories, or hoaxes. In short, if you can understand it, G1 does not apply.'
	},
	{
		label: 'G2: Test page',
		value: 'test',
		tooltip: 'A page created to test editing or other Wikipedia functions. Pages in the User namespace are not included, nor are valid but unused or duplicate templates (although criterion T3 may apply).'
	},
	{
		label: 'G3: Pure vandalism',
		value: 'vandalism',
		tooltip: 'Plain pure vandalism (including redirects left behind from pagemove vandalism)'
	},
	{
		label: 'G3: Blatant hoax',
		value: 'hoax',
		tooltip: 'Blatant and obvious hoax, to the point of vandalism',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G4: Recreation of material deleted via a deletion discussion',
		value: 'repost',
		tooltip: 'A copy, by any title, of a page that was deleted via an XfD process or Deletion review, provided that the copy is substantially identical to the deleted version. This clause does not apply to content that has been &quot;userfied&quot;, to content undeleted as a result of Deletion review, or if the prior deletions were proposed or speedy deletions, although in this last case, other speedy deletion criteria may still apply',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'repost_1',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Page where the deletion discussion took place: ',
			tooltip: 'Must start with &quot;Wikipedia:&quot;',
			size: 60
		},
		hideSubgroupWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G5: Banned or blocked user',
		value: 'banned',
		tooltip: 'Pages created by banned or blocked users in violation of their ban or block, and which have no substantial edits by others',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'banned_1',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Username of banned user (if available): ',
			tooltip: 'Should not start with &quot;User:&quot;'
		},
		hideSubgroupWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G6: History merge',
		value: 'histmerge',
		tooltip: 'Temporarily deleting a page in order to merge page histories',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'histmerge_1',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Page to be merged into this one: '
		},
		hideWhenMultiple: true,
		hideWhenSysop: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G6: Move',
		value: 'move',
		tooltip: 'Making way for an uncontroversial move like reversing a redirect',
		subgroup: [
			{
				name: 'move_1',
				type: 'input',
				label: 'Page to be moved here: '
			},
			{
				name: 'move_2',
				type: 'input',
				label: 'Reason: ',
				size: 60
			}
		],
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G6: XfD',
		value: 'xfd',
		tooltip: 'An admin has closed a deletion discussion (at AfD, FfD, RfD, TfD, CfD, or MfD) as &quot;delete&quot;, but they didn\'t actually delete the page.',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'xfd_fullvotepage',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Page where the deletion discussion was held: ',
			size: 40
		},
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G6: Unnecessary disambiguation page',
		value: 'disambig',
		tooltip: 'This only applies for orphaned disambiguation pages which either: (1) disambiguate two or fewer existing Wikipedia pages and whose title ends in &quot;(disambiguation)&quot; (i.e., there is a primary topic); or (2) disambiguates no (zero) existing Wikipedia pages, regardless of its title.',
		hideWhenMultiple: true,
		hideWhenRedirect: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G6: Copy-and-paste page move',
		value: 'copypaste',
		tooltip: 'This only applies for a copy-and-paste page move of another page that needs to be temporarily deleted to make room for a clean page move.',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'copypaste_1',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Original page that was copy-pasted here: '
		},
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G6: Housekeeping',
		value: 'g6',
		tooltip: 'Other non-controversial &quot;housekeeping&quot; tasks',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'g6_rationale',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Rationale: ',
			size: 60
		}
	},
	{
		label: 'G7: Author requests deletion, or author blanked',
		value: 'author',
		tooltip: 'Any page for which deletion is requested by the original author in good faith, provided the page\'s only substantial content was added by its author. If the author blanks the page, this can also be taken as a deletion request.',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'author_rationale',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Optional explanation: ',
			tooltip: 'Perhaps linking to where the author requested this deletion.',
			size: 60
		},
		hideSubgroupWhenSysop: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G8: Pages dependent on a non-existent or deleted page',
		value: 'g8',
		tooltip: 'such as talk pages with no corresponding subject page; subpages with no parent page; file pages without a corresponding file; redirects to invalid targets, such as nonexistent targets, redirect loops, and bad titles; or categories populated by deleted or retargeted templates. This excludes any page that is useful to the project, and in particular: deletion discussions that are not logged elsewhere, user and user talk pages, talk page archives, plausible redirects that can be changed to valid targets, and file pages or talk pages for files that exist on Wikimedia Commons.',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'g8_rationale',
			type: 'input',
			label: 'Optional explanation: ',
			size: 60
		}
	},
	{
		label: 'G8: Subpages with no parent page',
		value: 'subpage',
		tooltip: 'This excludes any page that is useful to the project, and in particular: deletion discussions that are not logged elsewhere, user and user talk pages, talk page archives, plausible redirects that can be changed to valid targets, and file pages or talk pages for files that exist on Wikimedia Commons.',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G10: Attack page',
		value: 'attack',
		tooltip: 'Pages that serve no purpose but to disparage their subject or some other entity (e.g., &quot;John Q. Doe is an imbecile&quot;). This includes a biography of a living person that is negative in tone and unsourced, where there is no NPOV version in the history to revert to. Administrators deleting such pages should not quote the content of the page in the deletion summary!'
	},
	{
		label: 'G10: Wholly negative, unsourced BLP',
		value: 'negublp',
		tooltip: 'A biography of a living person that is entirely negative in tone and unsourced, where there is no neutral version in the history to revert to.',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G11: Unambiguous advertising',
		value: 'spam',
		tooltip: 'Pages which exclusively promote a company, product, group, service, or person and which would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Note that an article about a company or a product which describes its subject from a neutral point of view does not qualify for this criterion; an article that is blatant advertising should have inappropriate content as well'
	},
	{
		label: 'G12: Unambiguous copyright infringement',
		value: 'copyvio',
		tooltip: 'Either: (1) Material was copied from another website that does not have a license compatible with Wikipedia, or is photography from a stock photo seller (such as Getty Images or Corbis) or other commercial content provider; (2) There is no non-infringing content in the page history worth saving; or (3) The infringement was introduced at once by a single person rather than created organically on wiki and then copied by another website such as one of the many Wikipedia mirrors',
		subgroup: [
			{
				name: 'copyvio_url',
				type: 'input',
				label: 'URL (if available): ',
				tooltip: 'If the material was copied from an online source, put the URL here, including the &quot;http://&quot; or &quot;https://&quot; protocol. If the URL is on the spam blacklist, you can leave off the protocol.',
				size: 60
			},
			{
				name: 'copyvio_url2',
				type: 'input',
				label: 'Additional URL: ',
				tooltip: 'Optional.',
				size: 60
			},
			{
				name: 'copyvio_url3',
				type: 'input',
				label: 'Additional URL: ',
				tooltip: 'Optional.',
				size: 60
			}
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'G13: Old, abandoned Articles for Creation submissions',
		value: 'afc',
		tooltip: 'Any rejected or unsubmitted AfC submission that has not been edited for more than 6 months.',
		hideWhenRedirect: true
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.redirectList = [
	{
		label: 'R2: Redirects from mainspace to any other namespace except the Category:, Template:, Wikipedia:, Help: and Portal: namespaces',
		value: 'rediruser',
		tooltip: '(this does not include the Wikipedia shortcut pseudo-namespaces). If this was the result of a page move, consider waiting a day or two before deleting the redirect'
	},
	{
		label: 'R3: Redirects as a result of an implausible typo or misnomers that were recently created',
		value: 'redirtypo',
		tooltip: 'However, redirects from common misspellings or misnomers are generally useful, as are redirects in other languages'
	},
	{
		label: 'G6: Redirect to malplaced disambiguation page',
		value: 'movedab',
		tooltip: 'This only applies for redirects to disambiguation pages ending in (disambiguation) where a primary topic does not exist.',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	},
	{
		label: 'G8: Redirects to invalid targets, such as nonexistent targets, redirect loops, and bad titles',
		value: 'redirnone',
		tooltip: 'This excludes any page that is useful to the project, and in particular: deletion discussions that are not logged elsewhere, user and user talk pages, talk page archives, plausible redirects that can be changed to valid targets, and file pages or talk pages for files that exist on Wikimedia Commons.',
		hideWhenMultiple: true
	}
];

Twinkle.speedy.normalizeHash = {
	'reason': 'db',
	'nonsense': 'g1',
	'test': 'g2',
	'vandalism': 'g3',
	'hoax': 'g3',
	'repost': 'g4',
	'banned': 'g5',
	'histmerge': 'g6',
	'move': 'g6',
	'xfd': 'g6',
	'disambig': 'g6',
	'movedab': 'g6',
	'copypaste': 'g6',
	'blankdraft': 'g6',
	'g6': 'g6',
	'author': 'g7',
	'g8': 'g8',
	'talk': 'g8',
	'subpage': 'g8',
	'redirnone': 'g8',
	'templatecat': 'g8',
	'imagepage': 'g8',
	'attack': 'g10',
	'negublp': 'g10',
	'spam': 'g11',
	'spamuser': 'g11',
	'copyvio': 'g12',
	'afc': 'g13',
	'nocontext': 'a1',
	'foreign': 'a2',
	'nocontent': 'a3',
	'transwiki': 'a5',
	'a7': 'a7',
	'person': 'a7',
	'corp': 'a7',
	'web': 'a7',
	'band': 'a7',
	'club': 'a7',
	'animal': 'a7',
	'event': 'a7',
	'a9': 'a9',
	'a10': 'a10',
	'madeup': 'a11',
	'rediruser': 'r2',
	'redirtypo': 'r3',
	'redundantimage': 'f1',
	'noimage': 'f2',
	'fpcfail': 'f2',
	'noncom': 'f3',
	'unksource': 'f4',
	'unfree': 'f5',
	'norat': 'f6',
	'badfairuse': 'f7',
	'nowcommons': 'f8',
	'imgcopyvio': 'f9',
	'badfiletype': 'f10',
	'nopermission': 'f11',
	'catempty': 'c1',
	'userreq': 'u1',
	'nouser': 'u2',
	'gallery': 'u3',
	'notwebhost': 'u5',
	'policy': 't2',
	'duplicatetemplate': 't3',
	'p1': 'p1',
	'emptyportal': 'p2'
};

Twinkle.speedy.callbacks = {
	getTemplateCodeAndParams: function(params) {
		var code, parameters, i;
		if (params.normalizeds.length &gt; 1) {
			code = &quot;{{db-multiple&quot;;
			params.utparams = {};
			$.each(params.normalizeds, function(index, norm) {
				code += &quot;|&quot; + norm.toUpperCase();
				parameters = params.templateParams[index] || [];
				for (var i in parameters) {
					if (typeof parameters[i] === 'string' &amp;&amp; !parseInt(i, 10)) {  // skip numeric parameters - {{db-multiple}} doesn't understand them
						code += &quot;|&quot; + i + &quot;=&quot; + parameters[i];
					}
				}
				$.extend(params.utparams, Twinkle.speedy.getUserTalkParameters(norm, parameters));
			});
			code += &quot;}}&quot;;
		} else {
			parameters = params.templateParams[0] || [];
			code = &quot;{{db-&quot; + params.values[0];
			for (i in parameters) {
				if (typeof parameters[i] === 'string') {
					code += &quot;|&quot; + i + &quot;=&quot; + parameters[i];
				}
			}
			if (params.usertalk) {
				code += &quot;|help=off&quot;;
			}
			code += &quot;}}&quot;;
			params.utparams = Twinkle.speedy.getUserTalkParameters(params.normalizeds[0], parameters);
		}

		return [code, params.utparams];
	},

	parseWikitext: function(wikitext, callback) {
		var query = {
			action: &quot;parse&quot;,
			prop: &quot;text&quot;,
			pst: &quot;true&quot;,
			text: wikitext,
			contentmodel: &quot;wikitext&quot;,
			title: mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;)
		};

		var statusIndicator = new Morebits.status( 'Building deletion summary' );
		var api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Parsing deletion template', query, function(apiObj) {
				var reason = decodeURIComponent($(apiObj.getXML().querySelector('text').childNodes[0].nodeValue).find('#delete-reason').text()).replace(/\+/g, ' ');
				if (!reason) {
					statusIndicator.warn( 'Unable to generate summary from deletion template' );
				} else {
					statusIndicator.info( 'complete' );
				}
				callback(reason);
			}, statusIndicator);
		api.post();
	},

	sysop: {
		main: function( params ) {
			var reason;

			if (!params.normalizeds.length &amp;&amp; params.normalizeds[0] === 'db') {
				reason = prompt(&quot;Enter the deletion summary to use, which will be entered into the deletion log:&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
				Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.sysop.deletePage( reason, params );
			} else {
				var code = Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.getTemplateCodeAndParams(params)[0];
				Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.parseWikitext(code, function(reason) {
					if (params.promptForSummary) {
						reason = prompt(&quot;Enter the deletion summary to use, or press OK to accept the automatically generated one.&quot;, reason);
					}
					Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.sysop.deletePage( reason, params );
				});
			}
		},
		deletePage: function( reason, params ) {
			var thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page( mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Deleting page&quot; );

			if (reason === null) {
				return Morebits.status.error(&quot;Asking for reason&quot;, &quot;User cancelled&quot;);
			} else if (!reason || !reason.replace(/^\s*/, &quot;&quot;).replace(/\s*$/, &quot;&quot;)) {
				return Morebits.status.error(&quot;Asking for reason&quot;, &quot;you didn't give one.  I don't know... what with admins and their apathetic antics... I give up...&quot;);
			}
			thispage.setEditSummary( reason + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd') );
			thispage.deletePage(function() {
				thispage.getStatusElement().info(&quot;done&quot;);
				Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.sysop.deleteTalk( params );
			});

			// look up initial contributor. If prompting user for deletion reason, just display a link.
			// Otherwise open the talk page directly
			if( params.openUserTalk ) {
				thispage.setCallbackParameters( params );
				thispage.lookupCreator( Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.sysop.openUserTalkPage );
			}
		},
		deleteTalk: function( params ) {
			// delete talk page
			if (params.deleteTalkPage &amp;&amp;
					params.normalized !== 'f8' &amp;&amp;
					document.getElementById( 'ca-talk' ).className !== 'new') {
				var talkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page( Morebits.wikipedia.namespaces[ mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') + 1 ] + ':' + mw.config.get('wgTitle'), &quot;Deleting talk page&quot; );
				talkpage.setEditSummary('[[WP:CSD#G8|G8]]: Talk page of deleted page &quot;' + Morebits.pageNameNorm + '&quot;' + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
				talkpage.deletePage();
				// this is ugly, but because of the architecture of wiki.api, it is needed
				// (otherwise success/failure messages for the previous action would be suppressed)
				window.setTimeout(function() { Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.sysop.deleteRedirects( params ); }, 1800);
			} else {
				Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.sysop.deleteRedirects( params );
			}
		},
		deleteRedirects: function( params ) {
			// delete redirects
			if (params.deleteRedirects) {
				var query = {
					'action': 'query',
					'titles': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
					'prop': 'redirects',
					'rdlimit': 5000  // 500 is max for normal users, 5000 for bots and sysops
				};
				var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'getting list of redirects...', query, Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.sysop.deleteRedirectsMain,
					new Morebits.status( 'Deleting redirects' ) );
				wikipedia_api.params = params;
				wikipedia_api.post();
			}

			// promote Unlink tool
			var $link, $bigtext;
			if( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; params.normalized !== 'f8' ) {
				$link = $('&lt;a/&gt;', {
					'href': '#',
					'text': 'click here to go to the Unlink tool',
					'css': { 'fontSize': '130%', 'fontWeight': 'bold' },
					'click': function(){
						Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = null;
						Twinkle.speedy.dialog.close();
						Twinkle.unlink.callback(&quot;Removing usages of and/or links to deleted file &quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm);
					}
				});
				$bigtext = $('&lt;span/&gt;', {
					'text': 'To orphan backlinks and remove instances of file usage',
					'css': { 'fontSize': '130%', 'fontWeight': 'bold' }
				});
				Morebits.status.info($bigtext[0], $link[0]);
			} else if (params.normalized !== 'f8') {
				$link = $('&lt;a/&gt;', {
					'href': '#',
					'text': 'click here to go to the Unlink tool',
					'css': { 'fontSize': '130%', 'fontWeight': 'bold' },
					'click': function(){
						Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = null;
						Twinkle.speedy.dialog.close();
						Twinkle.unlink.callback(&quot;Removing links to deleted page &quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm);
					}
				});
				$bigtext = $('&lt;span/&gt;', {
					'text': 'To orphan backlinks',
					'css': { 'fontSize': '130%', 'fontWeight': 'bold' }
				});
				Morebits.status.info($bigtext[0], $link[0]);
			}
		},
		openUserTalkPage: function( pageobj ) {
			pageobj.getStatusElement().unlink();  // don't need it anymore
			var user = pageobj.getCreator();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			var query = {
				'title': 'User talk:' + user,
				'action': 'edit',
				'preview': 'yes',
				'vanarticle': Morebits.pageNameNorm
			};

			if (params.normalized === 'db' || Twinkle.getPref(&quot;promptForSpeedyDeletionSummary&quot;).indexOf(params.normalized) !== -1) {
				// provide a link to the user talk page
				var $link, $bigtext;
				$link = $('&lt;a/&gt;', {
					'href': mw.util.wikiScript('index') + '?' + Morebits.queryString.create( query ),
					'text': 'click here to open User talk:' + user,
					'target': '_blank',
					'css': { 'fontSize': '130%', 'fontWeight': 'bold' }
				});
				$bigtext = $('&lt;span/&gt;', {
					'text': 'To notify the page creator',
					'css': { 'fontSize': '130%', 'fontWeight': 'bold' }
				});
				Morebits.status.info($bigtext[0], $link[0]);
			} else {
				// open the initial contributor's talk page
				var statusIndicator = new Morebits.status('Opening user talk page edit form for ' + user, 'opening...');

				switch( Twinkle.getPref('userTalkPageMode') ) {
				case 'tab':
					window.open( mw.util.wikiScript('index') + '?' + Morebits.queryString.create( query ), '_blank' );
					break;
				case 'blank':
					window.open( mw.util.wikiScript('index') + '?' + Morebits.queryString.create( query ), '_blank', 'location=no,toolbar=no,status=no,directories=no,scrollbars=yes,width=1200,height=800' );
					break;
				case 'window':
					/* falls through */
				default:
					window.open( mw.util.wikiScript('index') + '?' + Morebits.queryString.create( query ),
						( window.name === 'twinklewarnwindow' ? '_blank' : 'twinklewarnwindow' ),
						'location=no,toolbar=no,status=no,directories=no,scrollbars=yes,width=1200,height=800' );
					break;
				}

				statusIndicator.info( 'complete' );
			}
		},
		deleteRedirectsMain: function( apiobj ) {
			var xmlDoc = apiobj.getXML();
			var $snapshot = $(xmlDoc).find('redirects rd');
			var total = $snapshot.length;
			var statusIndicator = apiobj.statelem;

			if( !total ) {
				statusIndicator.status(&quot;no redirects found&quot;);
				return;
			}

			statusIndicator.status(&quot;0%&quot;);

			var current = 0;
			var onsuccess = function( apiobjInner ) {
				var now = parseInt( 100 * (++current)/total, 10 ) + '%';
				statusIndicator.update( now );
				apiobjInner.statelem.unlink();
				if( current &gt;= total ) {
					statusIndicator.info( now + ' (completed)' );
					Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint();
				}
			};

			Morebits.wiki.addCheckpoint();

			$snapshot.each(function(key, value) {
				var title = $(value).attr('title');
				var page = new Morebits.wiki.page(title, 'Deleting redirect &quot;' + title + '&quot;');
				page.setEditSummary('[[WP:CSD#G8|G8]]: Redirect to deleted page &quot;' + Morebits.pageNameNorm + '&quot;' + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
				page.deletePage(onsuccess);
			});
		}
	},

	user: {
		main: function(pageobj) {
			var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

			if (!pageobj.exists()) {
				statelem.error( &quot;It seems that the page doesn't exist; perhaps it has already been deleted&quot; );
				return;
			}

			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			statelem.status( 'Checking for tags on the page...' );

			// check for existing deletion tags
			var tag = /(?:\{\{\s*(db|delete|db-.*?|speedy deletion-.*?)(?:\s*\||\s*\}\}))/.exec( text );
			if( tag ) {
				statelem.error( [ Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', tag[1] ) , &quot; is already placed on the page.&quot; ] );
				return;
			}

			var xfd = /(?:\{\{([rsaiftcm]fd|md1|proposed deletion)[^{}]*?\}\})/i.exec( text );
			if( xfd &amp;&amp; !confirm( &quot;The deletion-related template {{&quot; + xfd[1] + &quot;}} was found on the page. Do you still want to add a CSD template?&quot; ) ) {
				return;
			}

			// given the params, builds the template and also adds the user talk page parameters to the params that were passed in
			// returns =&gt; [&lt;string&gt; wikitext, &lt;object&gt; utparams]
			var buildData = Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.getTemplateCodeAndParams(params),
				code = buildData[0];
			params.utparams = buildData[1];

			var thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'));
			// patrol the page, if reached from Special:NewPages
			if( Twinkle.getPref('markSpeedyPagesAsPatrolled') ) {
				thispage.patrol();
			}

			// Wrap SD template in noinclude tags if we are in template space.
			// Won't work with userboxes in userspace, or any other transcluded page outside template space
			if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 10) {  // Template:
				code = &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;&quot; + code + &quot;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;;
			}

			// Remove tags that become superfluous with this action
			text = text.replace(/\{\{\s*([Nn]ew unreviewed article|[Uu]nreviewed|[Uu]serspace draft)\s*(\|(?:\{\{[^{}]*\}\}|[^{}])*)?\}\}\s*/g, &quot;&quot;);
			if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6) {
				// remove &quot;move to Commons&quot; tag - deletion-tagged files cannot be moved to Commons
				text = text.replace(/\{\{(mtc|(copy |move )?to ?commons|move to wikimedia commons|copy to wikimedia commons)[^}]*\}\}/gi, &quot;&quot;);
			}

			// Generate edit summary for edit
			var editsummary;
			if (params.normalizeds.length &gt; 1) {
				editsummary = 'Requesting speedy deletion (';
				$.each(params.normalizeds, function(index, norm) {
					editsummary += '[[WP:CSD#' + norm.toUpperCase() + '|CSD ' + norm.toUpperCase() + ']], ';
				});
				editsummary = editsummary.substr(0, editsummary.length - 2); // remove trailing comma
				editsummary += ').';
			} else if (params.normalizeds[0] === &quot;db&quot;) {
				editsummary = 'Requesting [[WP:CSD|speedy deletion]] with rationale &quot;' + params.templateParams[0][&quot;1&quot;] + '&quot;.';
			} else if (params.values[0] === &quot;histmerge&quot;) {
				editsummary = &quot;Requesting history merge with [[:&quot; + params.templateParams[0][&quot;1&quot;] + &quot;]] ([[WP:CSD#G6|CSD G6]]).&quot;;
			} else {
				editsummary = &quot;Requesting speedy deletion ([[WP:CSD#&quot; + params.normalizeds[0].toUpperCase() + &quot;|CSD &quot; + params.normalizeds[0].toUpperCase() + &quot;]]).&quot;;
			}

			pageobj.setPageText(code + ((params.normalizeds.indexOf('g10') !== -1) ? '' : (&quot;\n&quot; + text) )); // cause attack pages to be blanked
			pageobj.setEditSummary(editsummary + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			pageobj.setWatchlist(params.watch);
			pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
			pageobj.save(Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.user.tagComplete);
		},

		tagComplete: function(pageobj) {
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			// Notification to first contributor
			if (params.usertalk) {
				var callback = function(pageobj) {
					var initialContrib = pageobj.getCreator();

					// disallow warning yourself
					if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgUserName')) {
						Morebits.status.warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);

					// don't notify users when their user talk page is nominated
					} else if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgTitle') &amp;&amp; mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 3) {
						Morebits.status.warn(&quot;Notifying initial contributor: this user created their own user talk page; skipping notification&quot;);

					// quick hack to prevent excessive unwanted notifications, per request. Should actually be configurable on recipient page...
					} else if ((initialContrib === &quot;Cyberbot I&quot; || initialContrib === &quot;SoxBot&quot;) &amp;&amp; params.normalizeds[0] === &quot;f2&quot;) {
						Morebits.status.warn(&quot;Notifying initial contributor: page created procedurally by bot; skipping notification&quot;);

					} else {
						var usertalkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib, &quot;Notifying initial contributor (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;)&quot;),
							notifytext, i;

						// specialcase &quot;db&quot; and &quot;db-multiple&quot;
						if (params.normalizeds.length &gt; 1) {
							notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:db-notice-multiple|1=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm;
							var count = 2;
							$.each(params.normalizeds, function(index, norm) {
								notifytext += &quot;|&quot; + (count++) + &quot;=&quot; + norm.toUpperCase();
							});
						} else if (params.normalizeds[0] === &quot;db&quot;) {
							notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:db-reason-notice|1=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm;
						} else {
							notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:db-csd-notice-custom|1=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;|2=&quot; + params.values[0];
						}

						for (i in params.utparams) {
							if (typeof params.utparams[i] === 'string') {
								notifytext += &quot;|&quot; + i + &quot;=&quot; + params.utparams[i];
							}
						}
						notifytext += (params.welcomeuser ? &quot;&quot; : &quot;|nowelcome=yes&quot;) + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;

						var editsummary = &quot;Notification: speedy deletion nomination&quot;;
						if (params.normalizeds.indexOf(&quot;g10&quot;) === -1) {  // no article name in summary for G10 deletions
							editsummary += &quot; of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
						} else {
							editsummary += &quot; of an attack page.&quot;;
						}

						usertalkpage.setAppendText(notifytext);
						usertalkpage.setEditSummary(editsummary + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
						usertalkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
						usertalkpage.setFollowRedirect(true);
						usertalkpage.append();
					}

					// add this nomination to the user's userspace log, if the user has enabled it
					if (params.lognomination) {
						Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.user.addToLog(params, initialContrib);
					}
				};
				var thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(Morebits.pageNameNorm);
				thispage.lookupCreator(callback);
			}
			// or, if not notifying, add this nomination to the user's userspace log without the initial contributor's name
			else if (params.lognomination) {
				Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.user.addToLog(params, null);
			}
		},

		// note: this code is also invoked from twinkleimage
		// the params used are:
		//   for CSD: params.values, params.normalizeds  (note: normalizeds is an array)
		//   for DI: params.fromDI = true, params.templatename, params.normalized  (note: normalized is a string)
		addToLog: function(params, initialContrib) {
			var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(&quot;User:&quot; + mw.config.get('wgUserName') + &quot;/&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('speedyLogPageName'), &quot;Adding entry to userspace log&quot;);
			params.logInitialContrib = initialContrib;
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.user.saveLog);
		},

		saveLog: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			var appendText = &quot;&quot;;

			// add blurb if log page doesn't exist
			if (!pageobj.exists()) {
				appendText +=
					&quot;This is a log of all [[WP:CSD|speedy deletion]] nominations made by this user using [[WP:TW|Twinkle]]'s CSD module.\n\n&quot; +
					&quot;If you no longer wish to keep this log, you can turn it off using the [[Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preferences|preferences panel]], and &quot; +
					&quot;nominate this page for speedy deletion under [[WP:CSD#U1|CSD U1]].&quot;;
				if (Morebits.userIsInGroup(&quot;sysop&quot;)) {
					appendText += &quot;\n\nThis log does not track outright speedy deletions made using Twinkle.&quot;;
				}
			}

			// create monthly header
			var date = new Date();
			var headerRe = new RegExp(&quot;^==+\\s*&quot; + date.getUTCMonthName() + &quot;\\s+&quot; + date.getUTCFullYear() + &quot;\\s*==+&quot;, &quot;m&quot;);
			if (!headerRe.exec(text)) {
				appendText += &quot;\n\n=== &quot; + date.getUTCMonthName() + &quot; &quot; + date.getUTCFullYear() + &quot; ===&quot;;
			}

			appendText += &quot;\n# [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]]: &quot;;
			if (params.fromDI) {
				appendText += &quot;DI [[WP:CSD#&quot; + params.normalized.toUpperCase() + &quot;|CSD &quot; + params.normalized.toUpperCase() + &quot;]] ({{tl|di-&quot; + params.templatename + &quot;}})&quot;;
			} else {
				if (params.normalizeds.length &gt; 1) {
					appendText += &quot;multiple criteria (&quot;;
					$.each(params.normalizeds, function(index, norm) {
						appendText += &quot;[[WP:CSD#&quot; + norm.toUpperCase() + &quot;|&quot; + norm.toUpperCase() + ']], ';
					});
					appendText = appendText.substr(0, appendText.length - 2);  // remove trailing comma
					appendText += ')';
				} else if (params.normalizeds[0] === &quot;db&quot;) {
					appendText += &quot;{{tl|db-reason}}&quot;;
				} else {
					appendText += &quot;[[WP:CSD#&quot; + params.normalizeds[0].toUpperCase() + &quot;|CSD &quot; + params.normalizeds[0].toUpperCase() + &quot;]] ({{tl|db-&quot; + params.values[0] + &quot;}})&quot;;
				}
			}

			if (params.logInitialContrib) {
				appendText += &quot;; notified {{user|1=&quot; + params.logInitialContrib + &quot;}}&quot;;
			}
			appendText += &quot; ~~~~~\n&quot;;

			pageobj.setAppendText(appendText);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Logging speedy deletion nomination of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			pageobj.setCreateOption(&quot;recreate&quot;);
			pageobj.append();
		}
	}
};

// validate subgroups in the form passed into the speedy deletion tag
Twinkle.speedy.getParameters = function twinklespeedyGetParameters(form, values) {
	var parameters = [];

	$.each(values, function(index, value) {
		var currentParams = [];
		switch (value) {
			case 'reason':
				if (form[&quot;csd.reason_1&quot;]) {
					var dbrationale = form[&quot;csd.reason_1&quot;].value;
					if (!dbrationale || !dbrationale.trim()) {
						alert( 'Custom rationale:  Please specify a rationale.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = dbrationale;
				}
				break;

			case 'userreq':  // U1
				if (form[&quot;csd.userreq_rationale&quot;]) {
					var u1rationale = form[&quot;csd.userreq_rationale&quot;].value;
					if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 3 &amp;&amp; !((/\//).test(mw.config.get('wgTitle'))) &amp;&amp;
							(!u1rationale || !u1rationale.trim())) {
						alert( 'CSD U1:  Please specify a rationale when nominating user talk pages.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams.rationale = u1rationale;
				}
				break;

			case 'repost':  // G4
				if (form[&quot;csd.repost_1&quot;]) {
					var deldisc = form[&quot;csd.repost_1&quot;].value;
					if (deldisc) {
						if (deldisc.substring(0, 9) !== &quot;Wikipedia&quot; &amp;&amp; deldisc.substring(0, 3) !== &quot;WP:&quot;) {
							alert( 'CSD G4:  The deletion discussion page name, if provided, must start with &quot;Wikipedia:&quot;.' );
							parameters = null;
							return false;
						}
						currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = deldisc;
					}
				}
				break;

			case 'banned':  // G5
				if (form[&quot;csd.banned_1&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.banned_1&quot;].value) {
					currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = form[&quot;csd.banned_1&quot;].value.replace(/^\s*User:/i, &quot;&quot;);
				}
				break;

			case 'histmerge':  // G6
				if (form[&quot;csd.histmerge_1&quot;]) {
					var merger = form[&quot;csd.histmerge_1&quot;].value;
					if (!merger || !merger.trim()) {
						alert( 'CSD G6 (histmerge):  Please specify the page to be merged.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = merger;
				}
				break;

			case 'move':  // G6
				if (form[&quot;csd.move_1&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.move_2&quot;]) {
					var movepage = form[&quot;csd.move_1&quot;].value,
						movereason = form[&quot;csd.move_2&quot;].value;
					if (!movepage || !movepage.trim()) {
						alert( 'CSD G6 (move):  Please specify the page to be moved here.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					if (!movereason || !movereason.trim()) {
						alert( 'CSD G6 (move):  Please specify the reason for the move.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = movepage;
					currentParams[&quot;2&quot;] = movereason;
				}
				break;

			case 'xfd':  // G6
				if (form[&quot;csd.xfd_fullvotepage&quot;]) {
					var xfd = form[&quot;csd.xfd_fullvotepage&quot;].value;
					if (xfd) {
						if (xfd.substring(0, 9) !== &quot;Wikipedia&quot; &amp;&amp; xfd.substring(0, 3) !== &quot;WP:&quot;) {
							alert( 'CSD G6 (XFD):  The deletion discussion page name, if provided, must start with &quot;Wikipedia:&quot;.' );
							parameters = null;
							return false;
						}
						currentParams.fullvotepage = xfd;
					}
				}
				break;

			case 'copypaste':  // G6
				if (form[&quot;csd.copypaste_1&quot;]) {
					var copypaste = form[&quot;csd.copypaste_1&quot;].value;
					if (!copypaste || !copypaste.trim()) {
						alert( 'CSD G6 (copypaste):  Please specify the source page name.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = copypaste;
				}
				break;

			case 'g6':  // G6
				if (form[&quot;csd.g6_rationale&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.g6_rationale&quot;].value) {
					currentParams.rationale = form[&quot;csd.g6_rationale&quot;].value;
				}
				break;

			case 'author':  // G7
				if (form[&quot;csd.author_rationale&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.author_rationale&quot;].value) {
					currentParams.rationale = form[&quot;csd.author_rationale&quot;].value;
				}
				break;

			case 'g8':  // G8
				if (form[&quot;csd.g8_rationale&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.g8_rationale&quot;].value) {
					currentParams.rationale = form[&quot;csd.g8_rationale&quot;].value;
				}
				break;

			case 'attack':  // G10
				currentParams.blanked = 'yes';
				// it is actually blanked elsewhere in code, but setting the flag here
				break;

			case 'copyvio':  // G12
				if (form[&quot;csd.copyvio_url&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.copyvio_url&quot;].value) {
					currentParams.url = form[&quot;csd.copyvio_url&quot;].value;
				}
				if (form[&quot;csd.copyvio_url2&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.copyvio_url2&quot;].value) {
					currentParams.url2 = form[&quot;csd.copyvio_url2&quot;].value;
				}
				if (form[&quot;csd.copyvio_url3&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.copyvio_url3&quot;].value) {
					currentParams.url3 = form[&quot;csd.copyvio_url3&quot;].value;
				}
				break;

			case 'afc':  // G13
				var query = {
							action: &quot;query&quot;,
							titles: mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;),
							prop: &quot;revisions&quot;,
							rvprop: &quot;timestamp&quot;
						},
						api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Grabbing the last revision timestamp', query, function( apiobj ) {
							var xmlDoc = apiobj.getXML(),
									isoDateString = $(xmlDoc).find(&quot;rev&quot;).attr(&quot;timestamp&quot;);

							currentParams.ts = isoDateString;
						});

				// Wait for API call to finish
				api.post({
					async: false
				});

				break;

			case 'redundantimage':  // F1
				if (form[&quot;csd.redundantimage_filename&quot;]) {
					var redimage = form[&quot;csd.redundantimage_filename&quot;].value;
					if (!redimage || !redimage.trim()) {
						alert( 'CSD F1:  Please specify the filename of the other file.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams.filename = redimage.replace(/^\s*(Image|File):/i, &quot;&quot;);
				}
				break;

			case 'badfairuse':  // F7
				if (form[&quot;csd.badfairuse_reason&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.badfairuse_reason&quot;].value) {
					currentParams.reason = form[&quot;csd.badfairuse_reason&quot;].value;
				}
				break;

			case 'nowcommons':  // F8
				if (form[&quot;csd.nowcommons_filename&quot;]) {
					var filename = form[&quot;csd.nowcommons_filename&quot;].value;
					if (filename &amp;&amp; filename !== Morebits.pageNameNorm) {
						if (filename.indexOf(&quot;Image:&quot;) === 0 || filename.indexOf(&quot;File:&quot;) === 0) {
							currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = filename;
						} else {
							currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = &quot;File:&quot; + filename;
						}
					}
				}
				currentParams.date = &quot;~~~~~&quot;;
				break;

			case 'imgcopyvio':  // F9
				if (form[&quot;csd.imgcopyvio_url&quot;] &amp;&amp; form[&quot;csd.imgcopyvio_url&quot;].value) {
					currentParams.url = form[&quot;csd.imgcopyvio_url&quot;].value;
				}
				break;

			case 'foreign':  // A2
				if (form[&quot;csd.foreign_source&quot;]) {
					var foreignlink = form[&quot;csd.foreign_source&quot;].value;
					if (!foreignlink || !foreignlink.trim()) {
						alert( 'CSD A2:  Please specify an interwiki link to the article of which this is a copy.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams.source = foreignlink;
				}
				break;

			case 'a10':  // A10
				if (form[&quot;csd.a10_article&quot;]) {
					var duptitle = form[&quot;csd.a10_article&quot;].value;
					if (!duptitle || !duptitle.trim()) {
						alert( 'CSD A10:  Please specify the name of the article which is duplicated.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams.article = duptitle;
				}
				break;

			case 'duplicatetemplate':  // T3
				if (form[&quot;csd.duplicatetemplate_2&quot;]) {
					var t3template = form[&quot;csd.duplicatetemplate_2&quot;].value;
					if (!t3template || !t3template.trim()) {
						alert( 'CSD T3:  Please specify the name of a template duplicated by this one.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = &quot;~~~~~&quot;;
					currentParams[&quot;2&quot;] = t3template.replace(/^\s*Template:/i, &quot;&quot;);
				}
				break;

			case 'p1':  // P1
				if (form[&quot;csd.p1_criterion&quot;]) {
					var criterion = form[&quot;csd.p1_criterion&quot;].value;
					if (!criterion || !criterion.trim()) {
						alert( 'CSD P1:  Please specify a criterion and/or associated rationale.' );
						parameters = null;
						return false;
					}
					currentParams[&quot;1&quot;] = criterion;
				}
				break;

			default:
				break;
		}
		parameters.push(currentParams);
	});
	return parameters;
};

// function for processing talk page notification template parameters
Twinkle.speedy.getUserTalkParameters = function twinklespeedyGetUserTalkParameters(normalized, parameters) {
	var utparams = [];
	switch (normalized) {
		case 'db':
			utparams[&quot;2&quot;] = parameters[&quot;1&quot;];
			break;
		case 'g12':
			utparams.key1 = &quot;url&quot;;
			utparams.value1 = utparams.url = parameters.url;
			break;
		case 'a10':
			utparams.key1 = &quot;article&quot;;
			utparams.value1 = utparams.article = parameters.article;
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}
	return utparams;
};


Twinkle.speedy.resolveCsdValues = function twinklespeedyResolveCsdValues(e) {
	var values = (e.target.form ? e.target.form : e.target).getChecked('csd');
	if (values.length === 0) {
		alert( &quot;Please select a criterion!&quot; );
		return null;
	}
	return values;
};

Twinkle.speedy.callback.evaluateSysop = function twinklespeedyCallbackEvaluateSysop(e) {
	var form = (e.target.form ? e.target.form : e.target);

	if (e.target.type === &quot;checkbox&quot; || e.target.type === &quot;text&quot; ||
			e.target.type === &quot;select&quot;) {
		return;
	}

	var tag_only = form.tag_only;
	if( tag_only &amp;&amp; tag_only.checked ) {
		Twinkle.speedy.callback.evaluateUser(e);
		return;
	}

	var values = Twinkle.speedy.resolveCsdValues(e);
	if (!values) {
		return;
	}

	var normalizeds = values.map(function(value) {
		return Twinkle.speedy.normalizeHash[ value ];
	});

	// analyse each criterion to determine whether to watch the page, prompt for summary, or open user talk page
	var watchPage, promptForSummary;
	normalizeds.forEach(function(norm) {
		if (Twinkle.getPref(&quot;watchSpeedyPages&quot;).indexOf(norm) !== -1) {
			watchPage = true;
		}
		if (Twinkle.getPref(&quot;promptForSpeedyDeletionSummary&quot;).indexOf(norm) !== -1) {
			promptForSummary = true;
		}
	});

	var params = {
		values: values,
		normalizeds: normalizeds,
		watch: watchPage,
		deleteTalkPage: form.talkpage &amp;&amp; form.talkpage.checked,
		deleteRedirects: form.redirects.checked,
		openUserTalk: form.openusertalk.checked,
		promptForSummary: promptForSummary,
		templateParams: Twinkle.speedy.getParameters( form, values )
	};
	if(!params.templateParams) {
		return;
	}

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( form );

	Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.sysop.main( params );
};

Twinkle.speedy.callback.evaluateUser = function twinklespeedyCallbackEvaluateUser(e) {
	var form = (e.target.form ? e.target.form : e.target);

	if (e.target.type === &quot;checkbox&quot; || e.target.type === &quot;text&quot; ||
			e.target.type === &quot;select&quot;) {
		return;
	}

	var values = Twinkle.speedy.resolveCsdValues(e);
	if (!values) {
		return;
	}
	//var multiple = form.multiple.checked;
	var normalizeds = [];
	$.each(values, function(index, value) {
		var norm = Twinkle.speedy.normalizeHash[ value ];

		normalizeds.push(norm);
	});

	// analyse each criterion to determine whether to watch the page/notify the creator
	var watchPage = false;
	$.each(normalizeds, function(index, norm) {
		if (Twinkle.getPref('watchSpeedyPages').indexOf(norm) !== -1) {
			watchPage = true;
			return false;  // break
		}
	});

	var notifyuser = false;
	if (form.notify.checked) {
		$.each(normalizeds, function(index, norm) {
			if (Twinkle.getPref('notifyUserOnSpeedyDeletionNomination').indexOf(norm) !== -1) {
				if (norm === 'g6' &amp;&amp; ['disambig', 'copypaste'].indexOf(values[index]) === -1) {
					return true;
				}
				notifyuser = true;
				return false;  // break
			}
		});
	}

	var welcomeuser = false;
	if (notifyuser) {
		$.each(normalizeds, function(index, norm) {
			if (Twinkle.getPref('welcomeUserOnSpeedyDeletionNotification').indexOf(norm) !== -1) {
				welcomeuser = true;
				return false;  // break
			}
		});
	}

	var csdlog = false;
	if (Twinkle.getPref('logSpeedyNominations')) {
		$.each(normalizeds, function(index, norm) {
			if (Twinkle.getPref('noLogOnSpeedyNomination').indexOf(norm) === -1) {
				csdlog = true;
				return false;  // break
			}
		});
	}

	var params = {
		values: values,
		normalizeds: normalizeds,
		watch: watchPage,
		usertalk: notifyuser,
		welcomeuser: welcomeuser,
		lognomination: csdlog,
		templateParams: Twinkle.speedy.getParameters( form, values )
	};
	if (!params.templateParams) {
		return;
	}

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( form );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Tagging complete&quot;;

	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Tagging page&quot;);
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
	wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.speedy.callbacks.user.main);
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e3a8shrd7681vhtegak3idino5m6v3o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-friendlyshared.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5636</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32202</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:33:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-11</comment>
      <origin>32202</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="6666" sha1="7o6tpo4iku764ef5nrptwdi33ad2gp8" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** friendlyshared.js: Shared IP tagging module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;Shared&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing IP user talk pages
 * Config directives in:   FriendlyConfig
 */

Twinkle.shared = function friendlyshared() {
	if( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 3 &amp;&amp; mw.util.isIPAddress(mw.config.get('wgTitle')) ) {
		var username = mw.config.get('wgTitle').split( '/' )[0].replace( /\&quot;/, &quot;\\\&quot;&quot;); // only first part before any slashes
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( function(){ Twinkle.shared.callback(username); }, &quot;Shared IP&quot;, &quot;friendly-shared&quot;, &quot;Shared IP tagging&quot; );
	}
};

Twinkle.shared.callback = function friendlysharedCallback() {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 420 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;Shared IP address tagging&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#shared&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.shared.callback.evaluate );

	var div = form.append( {
			type: 'div',
			id: 'sharedip-templatelist',
			className: 'morebits-scrollbox'
		}
	);
	div.append( { type: 'header', label: 'Shared IP address templates' } );
	div.append( { type: 'radio', name: 'shared', list: Twinkle.shared.standardList,
		event: function( e ) {
			Twinkle.shared.callback.change_shared( e );
			e.stopPropagation();
		}
	} );

	var org = form.append( { type:'field', label:'Fill in other details (optional) and click \&quot;Submit\&quot;' } );
	org.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'organization',
			label: 'IP address owner/operator',
			disabled: true,
			tooltip: 'You can optionally enter the name of the organization that owns/operates the IP address.  You can use wikimarkup if necessary.'
		}
	);
	org.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'host',
			label: 'Host name (optional)',
			disabled: true,
			tooltip: 'The host name (for example, proxy.example.com) can be optionally entered here and will be linked by the template.'
		}
	);
	org.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'contact',
			label: 'Contact information (only if requested)',
			disabled: true,
			tooltip: 'You can optionally enter some contact details for the organization.  Use this parameter only if the organization has specifically requested that it be added.  You can use wikimarkup if necessary.'
		}
	);

	form.append( { type:'submit' } );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();
};

Twinkle.shared.standardList = [
	{
		label: '{{Shared IP}}: standard shared IP address template',
		value: 'Shared IP',
		tooltip: 'IP user talk page template that shows helpful information to IP users and those wishing to warn, block or ban them'
	},
	{
		label: '{{Shared IP edu}}: shared IP address template modified for educational institutions',
		value: 'Shared IP edu'
	},
	{
		label: '{{Shared IP corp}}: shared IP address template modified for businesses',
		value: 'Shared IP corp'
	},
	{
		label: '{{Shared IP public}}: shared IP address template modified for public terminals',
		value: 'Shared IP public'
	},
	{
		label: '{{Shared IP gov}}: shared IP address template modified for government agencies or facilities',
		value: 'Shared IP gov'
	},
	{
		label: '{{Dynamic IP}}: shared IP address template modified for organizations with dynamic addressing',
		value: 'Dynamic IP'
	},
	{
		label: '{{Static IP}}: shared IP address template modified for static IP addresses',
		value: 'Static IP'
	},
	{
		label: '{{ISP}}: shared IP address template modified for ISP organizations (specifically proxies)',
		value: 'ISP'
	},
	{
		label: '{{Mobile IP}}: shared IP address template modified for mobile phone companies and their customers',
		value: 'Mobile IP'
	},
	{
		label: '{{Whois}}: template for IP addresses in need of monitoring, but unknown whether static, dynamic or shared',
		value: 'Whois'
	}
];

Twinkle.shared.callback.change_shared = function friendlysharedCallbackChangeShared(e) {
	e.target.form.contact.disabled = (e.target.value !== 'Shared IP edu');  // only supported by {{Shared IP edu}}
	e.target.form.organization.disabled = false;
	e.target.form.host.disabled = (e.target.value === 'Whois');  // host= not supported by {{Whois}}
};

Twinkle.shared.callbacks = {
	main: function( pageobj ) {
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		var pageText = pageobj.getPageText();
		var found = false;
		var text = '{{';

		for( var i=0; i &lt; Twinkle.shared.standardList.length; i++ ) {
			var tagRe = new RegExp( '(\\{\\{' + Twinkle.shared.standardList[i].value + '(\\||\\}\\}))', 'im' );
			if( tagRe.exec( pageText ) ) {
				Morebits.status.warn( 'Info', 'Found {{' + Twinkle.shared.standardList[i].value + '}} on the user\'s talk page already...aborting' );
				found = true;
			}
		}

		if( found ) {
			return;
		}

		Morebits.status.info( 'Info', 'Will add the shared IP address template to the top of the user\'s talk page.' );
		text += params.value + '|' + params.organization;
		if( params.value === 'Shared IP edu' &amp;&amp; params.contact !== '') {
			text += '|' + params.contact;
		}
		if( params.value !== 'Whois' &amp;&amp; params.host !== '' ) {
			text += '|host=' + params.host;
		}
		text += '}}\n\n';

		var summaryText = 'Added {{[[Template:' + params.value + '|' + params.value + ']]}} template.';
		pageobj.setPageText(text + pageText);
		pageobj.setEditSummary(summaryText + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		pageobj.setMinorEdit(Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('markSharedIPAsMinor'));
		pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
		pageobj.save();
	}
};

Twinkle.shared.callback.evaluate = function friendlysharedCallbackEvaluate(e) {
	var shared = e.target.getChecked( 'shared' );
	if( !shared || shared.length &lt;= 0 ) {
		alert( 'You must select a shared IP address template to use!' );
		return;
	}

	var value = shared[0];

	if( e.target.organization.value === '') {
		alert( 'You must input an organization for the {{' + value + '}} template!' );
		return;
	}

	var params = {
		value: value,
		organization: e.target.organization.value,
		host: e.target.host.value,
		contact: e.target.contact.value
	};

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( e.target );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Tagging complete, reloading talk page in a few seconds&quot;;

	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;User talk page modification&quot;);
	wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
	wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.shared.callbacks.main);
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7o6tpo4iku764ef5nrptwdi33ad2gp8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinklediff.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5637</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32204</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:40:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-13</comment>
      <origin>32204</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="2828" sha1="q3ufyztdcqtqc4vxi6zcwcd1kyptqyh" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinklediff.js: Diff module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab on non-diff pages (&quot;Last&quot;); tabs on diff pages (&quot;Since&quot;, &quot;Since mine&quot;, &quot;Current&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing non-special pages
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

Twinkle.diff = function twinklediff() {
	if( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') &lt; 0 || !mw.config.get('wgArticleId') ) {
		return;
	}

	var query = {
		'title': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
		'diff': 'cur',
		'oldid': 'prev'
	};

	Twinkle.addPortletLink( mw.util.wikiScript(&quot;index&quot;)+ &quot;?&quot; + $.param( query ), 'Last', 'tw-lastdiff', 'Show most recent diff' );

	// Show additional tabs only on diff pages
	if (Morebits.queryString.exists('diff')) {
		Twinkle.addPortletLink(function(){ Twinkle.diff.evaluate(false); }, 'Since', 'tw-since', 'Show difference between last diff and the revision made by previous user' );
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( function(){ Twinkle.diff.evaluate(true); }, 'Since mine', 'tw-sincemine', 'Show difference between last diff and my last revision' );

		var oldid = /oldid=(.+)/.exec($('#mw-diff-ntitle1').find('strong a').first().attr(&quot;href&quot;))[1];
		query = {
			'title': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
			'diff': 'cur',
			'oldid' : oldid
		};
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( mw.util.wikiScript(&quot;index&quot;)+ &quot;?&quot; + $.param( query ), 'Current', 'tw-curdiff', 'Show difference to current revision' );
	}
};

Twinkle.diff.evaluate = function twinklediffEvaluate(me) {

	var user;
	if( me ) {
		user = mw.config.get('wgUserName');
	} else {
		var node = document.getElementById( 'mw-diff-ntitle2' );
		if( ! node ) {
			// nothing to do?
			return;
		}
		user = $(node).find('a').first().text();
	}
	var query = {
		'prop': 'revisions',
		'action': 'query',
		'titles': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
		'rvlimit': 1,
		'rvprop': [ 'ids', 'user' ],
		'rvstartid': mw.config.get('wgCurRevisionId') - 1, // i.e. not the current one
		'rvuser': user
	};
	Morebits.status.init( document.getElementById('mw-content-text') );
	var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Grabbing data of initial contributor', query, Twinkle.diff.callbacks.main );
	wikipedia_api.params = { user: user };
	wikipedia_api.post();
};

Twinkle.diff.callbacks = {
	main: function( self ) {
		var xmlDoc = self.responseXML;
		var revid = $(xmlDoc).find('rev').attr('revid');

		if( ! revid ) {
			self.statelem.error( 'no suitable earlier revision found, or ' + self.params.user + ' is the only contributor. Aborting.' );
			return;
		}
		var query = {
			'title': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
			'oldid': revid,
			'diff': mw.config.get('wgCurRevisionId')
		};
		window.location = mw.util.wikiScript('index') + '?' + Morebits.queryString.create( query );
	}
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q3ufyztdcqtqc4vxi6zcwcd1kyptqyh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-Twinkle</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5638</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32250</id>
      <parentid>32205</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T19:56:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bolded</comment>
      <origin>32250</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="141" sha1="b91tocirui2swn771smzufugoqomaex" xml:space="preserve">'''Twinkle:'''Twinkle enables an user to fast act upon any vandalism act and cure it conveniently. Also this gadget makes editing a pleasure.</text>
      <sha1>b91tocirui2swn771smzufugoqomaex</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinkleunlink.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5639</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32207</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:52:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-16</comment>
      <origin>32207</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="10634" sha1="9amdh7x9qd82xdkclbitdfmq2si90yh" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinkleunlink.js: Unlink module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;Unlink&quot;)
 * Active on:              Non-special pages, except Wikipedia:Sandbox
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

Twinkle.unlink = function twinkleunlink() {
	if( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') &lt; 0 || mw.config.get('wgPageName') === 'Wikipedia:Sandbox' ) {
		return;
	}
	// Restrict to extended confirmed users. This is done here instead of above to avoid an unnecessary API call.
	mw.user.getRights().then(function (rights) {
		if( rights.indexOf('extendedconfirmed') !== -1 ) {
			Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.unlink.callback, &quot;Unlink&quot;, &quot;tw-unlink&quot;, &quot;Unlink backlinks&quot; );
		}
	});
};

Twinkle.unlink.getChecked2 = function twinkleunlinkGetChecked2( nodelist ) {
	if( !( nodelist instanceof NodeList ) &amp;&amp; !( nodelist instanceof HTMLCollection ) ) {
		return nodelist.checked ? [ nodelist.values ] : [];
	}
	var result = [];
	for(var i  = 0; i &lt; nodelist.length; ++i ) {
		if( nodelist[i].checked ) {
			result.push( nodelist[i].values );
		}
	}
	return result;
};

// the parameter is used when invoking unlink from admin speedy
Twinkle.unlink.callback = function(presetReason) {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 440 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;Unlink backlinks&quot; + (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 ? &quot; and file usages&quot; : &quot;&quot;) );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#unlink&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.unlink.callback.evaluate );

	// prepend some basic documentation
	var node1 = Morebits.htmlNode(&quot;code&quot;, &quot;[[&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;|link text]]&quot;);
	var node2 = Morebits.htmlNode(&quot;code&quot;, &quot;link text&quot;);
	node1.style.fontFamily = node2.style.fontFamily = &quot;monospace&quot;;
	node1.style.fontStyle = node2.style.fontStyle = &quot;normal&quot;;
	form.append( {
		type: 'div',
		style: 'margin-bottom: 0.5em',
		label: [
			'This tool allows you to unlink all incoming links (&quot;backlinks&quot;) that point to this page' +
				(mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 ? &quot;, and/or hide all inclusions of this file by wrapping them in &lt;!-- --&gt; comment markup&quot; : &quot;&quot;) +
				&quot;. For instance, &quot;,
			node1,
			&quot; would become &quot;,
			node2,
			&quot;. Use it with caution.&quot;
		]
	} );

	form.append( {
		type: 'input',
		name: 'reason',
		label: 'Reason: ',
		value: (presetReason ? presetReason : ''),
		size: 60
	} );

	var query;
	if(mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6) {  // File:
		query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'list': [ 'backlinks', 'imageusage' ],
			'bltitle': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
			'iutitle': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
			'bllimit': Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ? 5000 : 500, // 500 is max for normal users, 5000 for bots and sysops
			'iulimit': Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ? 5000 : 500, // 500 is max for normal users, 5000 for bots and sysops
			'blnamespace': Twinkle.getPref('unlinkNamespaces'),
			'iunamespace': Twinkle.getPref('unlinkNamespaces'),
			'rawcontinue': true
		};
	} else {
		query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'list': 'backlinks',
			'bltitle': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
			'blfilterredir': 'nonredirects',
			'bllimit': Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ? 5000 : 500, // 500 is max for normal users, 5000 for bots and sysops
			'blnamespace': Twinkle.getPref('unlinkNamespaces'),
			'rawcontinue': true
		};
	}
	var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Grabbing backlinks', query, Twinkle.unlink.callbacks.display.backlinks );
	wikipedia_api.params = { form: form, Window: Window, image: mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 };
	wikipedia_api.post();

	var root = document.createElement( 'div' );
	root.style.padding = '15px';  // just so it doesn't look broken
	Morebits.status.init( root );
	wikipedia_api.statelem.status( &quot;loading...&quot; );
	Window.setContent( root );
	Window.display();
};

Twinkle.unlink.callback.evaluate = function twinkleunlinkCallbackEvaluate(event) {
	var reason = event.target.reason.value;
	if (!reason) {
		alert(&quot;You must specify a reason for unlinking.&quot;);
		return;
	}

	var backlinks = [], imageusage = [];
	if( event.target.backlinks ) {
		backlinks = Twinkle.unlink.getChecked2(event.target.backlinks);
	}
	if( event.target.imageusage ) {
		imageusage = Twinkle.unlink.getChecked2(event.target.imageusage);
	}

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( event.target );

	var pages = Morebits.array.uniq(backlinks.concat(imageusage));

	var unlinker = new Morebits.batchOperation(&quot;Unlinking backlinks&quot; + (imageusage ? &quot; and instances of file usage&quot; : &quot;&quot;));
	unlinker.setOption(&quot;preserveIndividualStatusLines&quot;, true);
	unlinker.setPageList(pages);
	var params = { reason: reason, unlinker: unlinker };
	unlinker.run(function(pageName) {
		var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(pageName, &quot;Unlinking in article \&quot;&quot; + pageName + &quot;\&quot;&quot;);
		wikipedia_page.setBotEdit(true);  // unlink considered a floody operation
		var innerParams = $.extend({}, params);
		innerParams.doBacklinks = backlinks &amp;&amp; backlinks.indexOf(pageName) !== -1;
		innerParams.doImageusage = imageusage &amp;&amp; imageusage.indexOf(pageName) !== -1;
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(innerParams);
		wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.unlink.callbacks.unlinkBacklinks);
	});
};

Twinkle.unlink.callbacks = {
	display: {
		backlinks: function twinkleunlinkCallbackDisplayBacklinks(apiobj) {
			var xmlDoc = apiobj.responseXML;
			var havecontent = false;
			var list, namespaces, i;

			if( apiobj.params.image ) {
				var imageusage = $(xmlDoc).find('query imageusage iu');
				list = [];
				for ( i = 0; i &lt; imageusage.length; ++i ) {
					var usagetitle = imageusage[i].getAttribute('title');
					list.push( { label: usagetitle, value: usagetitle, checked: true } );
				}
				if (!list.length)
				{
					apiobj.params.form.append( { type: 'div', label: 'No instances of file usage found.' } );
				}
				else
				{
					apiobj.params.form.append( { type:'header', label: 'File usage' } );
					namespaces = [];
					$.each(Twinkle.getPref('unlinkNamespaces'), function(k, v) {
						namespaces.push(Morebits.wikipedia.namespacesFriendly[v]);
					});
					apiobj.params.form.append( {
						type: 'div',
						label: &quot;Selected namespaces: &quot; + namespaces.join(', '),
						tooltip: &quot;You can change this with your Twinkle preferences, at [[WP:TWPREFS]]&quot;
					});
					if ($(xmlDoc).find('query-continue').length) {
						apiobj.params.form.append( {
							type: 'div',
							label: &quot;First &quot; + list.length.toString() + &quot; file usages shown.&quot;
						});
					}
					apiobj.params.form.append({
						type: 'button',
						label: &quot;Select All&quot;,
						event: function(e) {
							$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, &quot;imageusage&quot;)).prop('checked', true);
						}
					});
					apiobj.params.form.append({
						type: 'button',
						label: &quot;Deselect All&quot;,
						event: function(e) {
							$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, &quot;imageusage&quot;)).prop('checked', false);
						}
					});
					apiobj.params.form.append({
						type: 'checkbox',
						name: 'imageusage',
						list: list
					});
					havecontent = true;
				}
			}

			var backlinks = $(xmlDoc).find('query backlinks bl');
			if( backlinks.length &gt; 0 ) {
				list = [];
				for ( i = 0; i &lt; backlinks.length; ++i ) {
					var title = backlinks[i].getAttribute('title');
					list.push( { label: title, value: title, checked: true } );
				}
				apiobj.params.form.append( { type:'header', label: 'Backlinks' } );
				namespaces = [];
				$.each(Twinkle.getPref('unlinkNamespaces'), function(k, v) {
					namespaces.push(Morebits.wikipedia.namespacesFriendly[v]);
				});
				apiobj.params.form.append( {
					type: 'div',
					label: &quot;Selected namespaces: &quot; + namespaces.join(', '),
					tooltip: &quot;You can change this with your Twinkle preferences, at [[WP:TWPREFS]]&quot;
				});
				if ($(xmlDoc).find('query-continue').length) {
					apiobj.params.form.append( {
						type: 'div',
						label: &quot;First &quot; + list.length.toString() + &quot; backlinks shown.&quot;
					});
				}
				apiobj.params.form.append({
					type: 'button',
					label: &quot;Select All&quot;,
						event: function(e) {
							$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, &quot;backlinks&quot;)).prop('checked', true);
						}
				});
				apiobj.params.form.append({
					type: 'button',
					label: &quot;Deselect All&quot;,
						event: function(e) {
							$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, &quot;backlinks&quot;)).prop('checked', false);
						}
				});
				apiobj.params.form.append({
					type: 'checkbox',
					name: 'backlinks',
					list: list
				});
				havecontent = true;
			}
			else
			{
				apiobj.params.form.append( { type: 'div', label: 'No backlinks found.' } );
			}

			if (havecontent) {
				apiobj.params.form.append( { type:'submit' } );
			}

			var result = apiobj.params.form.render();
			apiobj.params.Window.setContent( result );

			Morebits.checkboxShiftClickSupport($(&quot;input[name='imageusage']&quot;, result));
			Morebits.checkboxShiftClickSupport($(&quot;input[name='backlinks']&quot;, result));

		}
	},
	unlinkBacklinks: function twinkleunlinkCallbackUnlinkBacklinks(pageobj) {
		var oldtext = pageobj.getPageText();
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		var wikiPage = new Morebits.wikitext.page(oldtext);

		var summaryText = &quot;&quot;, warningString = false;
		var text;

		// remove image usages
		if (params.doImageusage) {
			wikiPage.commentOutImage(mw.config.get('wgTitle'), 'Commented out');
			text = wikiPage.getText();
			// did we actually make any changes?
			if (text === oldtext) {
				warningString = &quot;file usages&quot;;
			} else {
				summaryText = &quot;Commenting out use(s) of file&quot;;
				oldtext = text;
			}
		}

		// remove backlinks
		if (params.doBacklinks) {
			wikiPage.removeLink(Morebits.pageNameNorm);
			text = wikiPage.getText();
			// did we actually make any changes?
			if (text === oldtext) {
				warningString = (warningString ? &quot;backlinks or file usages&quot; : &quot;backlinks&quot;);
			} else {
				summaryText = (summaryText ? (summaryText + &quot; / &quot;) : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;Removing link(s) to&quot;;
				oldtext = text;
			}
		}

		if (warningString) {
			// nothing to do!
			pageobj.getStatusElement().error(&quot;Didn't find any &quot; + warningString + &quot; on the page.&quot;);
			params.unlinker.workerFailure(pageobj);
			return;
		}

		pageobj.setPageText(text);
		pageobj.setEditSummary(summaryText + &quot; \&quot;&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;\&quot;: &quot; + params.reason + &quot;.&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
		pageobj.save(params.unlinker.workerSuccess, params.unlinker.workerFailure);
	}
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9amdh7x9qd82xdkclbitdfmq2si90yh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-friendlytag.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5640</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32208</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:53:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-18</comment>
      <origin>32208</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="57685" sha1="kzoocp8qyucuddvfi5pedt3ecgqz3az" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** friendlytag.js: Tag module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;Tag&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing articles; file pages with a corresponding file
 *                         which is local (not on Commons); existing subpages of
 *                         {Wikipedia|Wikipedia talk}:Articles for creation;
 *                         all redirects
 * Config directives in:   FriendlyConfig
 */

Twinkle.tag = function friendlytag() {
	// redirect tagging
	if( Morebits.wiki.isPageRedirect() ) {
		Twinkle.tag.mode = 'redirect';
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.tag.callback, &quot;Tag&quot;, &quot;friendly-tag&quot;, &quot;Tag redirect&quot; );
	}
	// file tagging
	else if( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; !document.getElementById(&quot;mw-sharedupload&quot;) &amp;&amp; document.getElementById(&quot;mw-imagepage-section-filehistory&quot;) ) {
		Twinkle.tag.mode = 'file';
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.tag.callback, &quot;Tag&quot;, &quot;friendly-tag&quot;, &quot;Add maintenance tags to file&quot; );
	}
	// article/draft article tagging
	else if( ( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 0 || mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 118 || /^Wikipedia( talk)?:Articles for creation\//.exec(Morebits.pageNameNorm) ) &amp;&amp; mw.config.get('wgCurRevisionId') ) {
		Twinkle.tag.mode = 'article';
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.tag.callback, &quot;Tag&quot;, &quot;friendly-tag&quot;, &quot;Add maintenance tags to article&quot; );
	}
};

Twinkle.tag.callback = function friendlytagCallback() {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 630, (Twinkle.tag.mode === &quot;article&quot;) ? 500 : 400 );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	// anyone got a good policy/guideline/info page/instructional page link??
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#tag&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.tag.callback.evaluate );

	if (document.getElementsByClassName(&quot;patrollink&quot;).length) {
		form.append( {
			type: 'checkbox',
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Mark the page as patrolled',
					value: 'patrolPage',
					name: 'patrolPage',
					checked: Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('markTaggedPagesAsPatrolled')
				}
			]
		} );
	}

	switch( Twinkle.tag.mode ) {
		case 'article':
			Window.setTitle( &quot;Article maintenance tagging&quot; );

			form.append({
				type: 'select',
				name: 'sortorder',
				label: 'View this list:',
				tooltip: 'You can change the default view order in your Twinkle preferences (WP:TWPREFS).',
				event: Twinkle.tag.updateSortOrder,
				list: [
					{ type: 'option', value: 'cat', label: 'By categories', selected: Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('tagArticleSortOrder') === 'cat' },
					{ type: 'option', value: 'alpha', label: 'In alphabetical order', selected: Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('tagArticleSortOrder') === 'alpha' }
				]
			});

			form.append({
				type: 'div',
				id: 'tagWorkArea',
				className: 'morebits-scrollbox',
				style: 'max-height: 28em'
			});

			form.append( {
					type: 'checkbox',
					list: [
						{
							label: 'Group inside {{multiple issues}} if possible',
							value: 'group',
							name: 'group',
							tooltip: 'If applying three or more templates supported by {{multiple issues}} and this box is checked, all supported templates will be grouped inside a {{multiple issues}} template.',
							checked: Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('groupByDefault')
						}
					]
				}
			);

			break;

		case 'file':
			Window.setTitle( &quot;File maintenance tagging&quot; );

			// TODO: perhaps add custom tags TO list of checkboxes

			form.append({ type: 'header', label: 'License and sourcing problem tags' });
			form.append({ type: 'checkbox', name: 'imageTags', list: Twinkle.tag.file.licenseList } );

			form.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Wikimedia Commons-related tags' });
			form.append({ type: 'checkbox', name: 'imageTags', list: Twinkle.tag.file.commonsList } );

			form.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Cleanup tags' } );
			form.append({ type: 'checkbox', name: 'imageTags', list: Twinkle.tag.file.cleanupList } );

			form.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Image quality tags' } );
			form.append({ type: 'checkbox', name: 'imageTags', list: Twinkle.tag.file.qualityList } );

			form.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Replacement tags' });
			form.append({ type: 'checkbox', name: 'imageTags', list: Twinkle.tag.file.replacementList } );
			break;

		case 'redirect':
			Window.setTitle( &quot;Redirect tagging&quot; );

			form.append({ type: 'header', label:'Spelling, misspelling, tense and capitalization templates' });
			form.append({ type: 'checkbox', name: 'redirectTags', list: Twinkle.tag.spellingList });

			form.append({ type: 'header', label:'Alternative name templates' });
			form.append({ type: 'checkbox', name: 'redirectTags', list: Twinkle.tag.alternativeList });

			form.append({ type: 'header', label:'Miscellaneous and administrative redirect templates' });
			form.append({ type: 'checkbox', name: 'redirectTags', list: Twinkle.tag.administrativeList });
			break;

		default:
			alert(&quot;Twinkle.tag: unknown mode &quot; + Twinkle.tag.mode);
			break;
	}

	form.append( { type:'submit' } );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();

	if (Twinkle.tag.mode === &quot;article&quot;) {
		// fake a change event on the sort dropdown, to initialize the tag list
		var evt = document.createEvent(&quot;Event&quot;);
		evt.initEvent(&quot;change&quot;, true, true);
		result.sortorder.dispatchEvent(evt);
	}
};

Twinkle.tag.checkedTags = [];

Twinkle.tag.updateSortOrder = function(e) {
	var sortorder = e.target.value;

	Twinkle.tag.checkedTags = e.target.form.getChecked(&quot;articleTags&quot;);
	if (!Twinkle.tag.checkedTags) {
		Twinkle.tag.checkedTags = [];
	}

	var container = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: &quot;fragment&quot; });

	// function to generate a checkbox, with appropriate subgroup if needed
	var makeCheckbox = function(tag, description) {
		var checkbox = { value: tag, label: &quot;{{&quot; + tag + &quot;}}: &quot; + description };
		if (Twinkle.tag.checkedTags.indexOf(tag) !== -1) {
			checkbox.checked = true;
		}
		switch (tag) {
			case &quot;cleanup&quot;:
				checkbox.subgroup = {
					name: 'cleanup',
					type: 'input',
					label: 'Specific reason why cleanup is needed: ',
					tooltip: 'Required.',
					size: 35
				};
				break;
			case &quot;copy edit&quot;:
				checkbox.subgroup = {
					name: 'copyEdit',
					type: 'input',
					label: '&quot;This article may require copy editing for...&quot; ',
					tooltip: 'e.g. &quot;consistent spelling&quot;. Optional.',
					size: 35
				};
				break;
			case &quot;copypaste&quot;:
				checkbox.subgroup = {
					name: 'copypaste',
					type: 'input',
					label: 'Source URL: ',
					tooltip: 'If known.',
					size: 50
				};
				break;
			case &quot;expert needed&quot;:
				checkbox.subgroup = {
					name: 'expertNeeded',
					type: 'input',
					label: 'Name of relevant WikiProject: ',
					tooltip: 'Optionally, enter the name of a WikiProject which might be able to help recruit an expert. Don\'t include the &quot;WikiProject&quot; prefix.'
				};
				break;
			case &quot;globalize&quot;:
				checkbox.subgroup = {
					name: 'globalize',
					type: 'select',
					list: [
						{ label: &quot;{{globalize}}: article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject&quot;, value: &quot;globalize&quot; },
						{
							label: &quot;Region-specific {{globalize}} subtemplates&quot;,
							list: [
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/Australia}}: article deals primarily with the Australian viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/Australia&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/Canada}}: article deals primarily with the Canadian viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/Canada&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/China}}: article deals primarily with the Chinese viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/China&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/Common law}}: article deals primarily with the viewpoint of common law countries&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/Common law&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/Eng}}: article deals primarily with the English-speaking viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/Eng&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/Europe}}: article deals primarily with the European viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/Europe&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/France}}: article deals primarily with the French viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/France&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/Germany}}: article deals primarily with the German viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/Germany&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/India}}: article deals primarily with the Indian viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/India&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/Middle East}}: article deals primarily with the Middle Eastern viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/Middle East&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/North America}}: article deals primarily with the North American viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/North America&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/Northern}}: article deals primarily with the northern hemisphere viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/Northern&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/Southern}}: article deals primarily with the southern hemisphere viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/Southern&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/South Africa}}: article deals primarily with the South African viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/South Africa&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/UK}}: article deals primarily with the British viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/UK&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/UK and Canada}}: article deals primarily with the British and Canadian viewpoints&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/UK and Canada&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/US}}: article deals primarily with the USA viewpoint&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/US&quot; },
								{ label: &quot;{{globalize/West}}: article deals primarily with the viewpoint of Western countries&quot;, value: &quot;globalize/West&quot; }
							]
						}
					]
				};
				break;
			case &quot;merge&quot;:
			case &quot;merge from&quot;:
			case &quot;merge to&quot;:
				var otherTagName = &quot;merge&quot;;
				switch (tag)
				{
					case &quot;merge from&quot;:
						otherTagName = &quot;merge to&quot;;
						break;
					case &quot;merge to&quot;:
						otherTagName = &quot;merge from&quot;;
						break;
				}
				checkbox.subgroup = [
					{
						name: 'mergeTarget',
						type: 'input',
						label: 'Other article(s): ',
						tooltip: 'If specifying multiple articles, separate them with pipe characters: Article one|Article two'
					},
					{
						name: 'mergeTagOther',
						type: 'checkbox',
						list: [
							{
								label: 'Tag the other article with a {{' + otherTagName + '}} tag',
								checked: true,
								tooltip: 'Only available if a single article name is entered.'
							}
						]
					}
				];
				if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 0) {
					checkbox.subgroup.push({
						name: 'mergeReason',
						type: 'textarea',
						label: 'Rationale for merge (will be posted on ' +
							(tag === &quot;merge to&quot; ? 'the other article\'s' : 'this article\'s') + ' talk page):',
						tooltip: 'Optional, but strongly recommended. Leave blank if not wanted. Only available if a single article name is entered.'
					});
				}
				break;
			case &quot;not English&quot;:
			case &quot;rough translation&quot;:
				checkbox.subgroup = [
					{
						name: 'translationLanguage',
						type: 'input',
						label: 'Language of article (if known): ',
						tooltip: 'Consider looking at [[WP:LRC]] for help. If listing the article at PNT, please try to avoid leaving this box blank, unless you are completely unsure.'
					}
				];
				if (tag === &quot;not English&quot;) {
					checkbox.subgroup.push({
						name: 'translationNotify',
						type: 'checkbox',
						list: [
							{
								label: 'Notify article creator',
								checked: true,
								tooltip: &quot;Places {{uw-notenglish}} on the creator's talk page.&quot;
							}
						]
					});
				}
				checkbox.subgroup.push({
					name: 'translationPostAtPNT',
					type: 'checkbox',
					list: [
						{
							label: 'List this article at Wikipedia:Pages needing translation into English (PNT)',
							checked: true
						}
					]
				});
				checkbox.subgroup.push({
					name: 'translationComments',
					type: 'textarea',
					label: 'Additional comments to post at PNT',
					tooltip: 'Optional, and only relevant if &quot;List this article ...&quot; above is checked.'
				});
				break;
			case &quot;notability&quot;:
				checkbox.subgroup = {
					name: 'notability',
					type: 'select',
					list: [
						{ label: &quot;{{notability}}: article's subject may not meet the general notability guideline&quot;, value: &quot;none&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Academics}}: notability guideline for academics&quot;, value: &quot;Academics&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Biographies}}: notability guideline for biographies&quot;, value: &quot;Biographies&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Books}}: notability guideline for books&quot;, value: &quot;Books&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Companies}}: notability guidelines for companies and organizations&quot;, value: &quot;Companies&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Events}}: notability guideline for events&quot;, value: &quot;Events&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Films}}: notability guideline for films&quot;, value: &quot;Films&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Places}}: notability guideline for places&quot;, value: &quot;Places&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Music}}: notability guideline for music&quot;, value: &quot;Music&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Neologisms}}: notability guideline for neologisms&quot;, value: &quot;Neologisms&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Numbers}}: notability guideline for numbers&quot;, value: &quot;Numbers&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Products}}: notability guideline for products and services&quot;, value: &quot;Products&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Sport}}: notability guideline for sports and athletics&quot;, value: &quot;Sport&quot; },
						{ label: &quot;{{notability|Web}}: notability guideline for web content&quot;, value: &quot;Web&quot; }
					]
				};
				break;
			default:
				break;
		}
		return checkbox;
	};

	// categorical sort order
	if (sortorder === &quot;cat&quot;) {
		// function to iterate through the tags and create a checkbox for each one
		var doCategoryCheckboxes = function(subdiv, array) {
			var checkboxes = [];
			$.each(array, function(k, tag) {
				var description = Twinkle.tag.article.tags[tag];
				checkboxes.push(makeCheckbox(tag, description));
			});
			subdiv.append({
				type: &quot;checkbox&quot;,
				name: &quot;articleTags&quot;,
				list: checkboxes
			});
		};

		var i = 0;
		// go through each category and sub-category and append lists of checkboxes
		$.each(Twinkle.tag.article.tagCategories, function(title, content) {
			container.append({ type: &quot;header&quot;, id: &quot;tagHeader&quot; + i, label: title });
			var subdiv = container.append({ type: &quot;div&quot;, id: &quot;tagSubdiv&quot; + i++ });
			if ($.isArray(content)) {
				doCategoryCheckboxes(subdiv, content);
			} else {
				$.each(content, function(subtitle, subcontent) {
					subdiv.append({ type: &quot;div&quot;, label: [ Morebits.htmlNode(&quot;b&quot;, subtitle) ] });
					doCategoryCheckboxes(subdiv, subcontent);
				});
			}
		});
	}
	// alphabetical sort order
	else {
		var checkboxes = [];
		$.each(Twinkle.tag.article.tags, function(tag, description) {
			checkboxes.push(makeCheckbox(tag, description));
		});
		container.append({
			type: &quot;checkbox&quot;,
			name: &quot;articleTags&quot;,
			list: checkboxes
		});
	}

	// append any custom tags
	if (Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('customTagList').length) {
		container.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Custom tags' });
		container.append({ type: 'checkbox', name: 'articleTags', list: Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('customTagList') });
	}

	var $workarea = $(e.target.form).find(&quot;div#tagWorkArea&quot;);
	var rendered = container.render();
	$workarea.empty().append(rendered);

	// style adjustments
	$workarea.find(&quot;h5&quot;).css({ 'font-size': '110%' });
	$workarea.find(&quot;h5:not(:first-child)&quot;).css({ 'margin-top': '1em' });
	$workarea.find(&quot;div&quot;).filter(&quot;:has(span.quickformDescription)&quot;).css({ 'margin-top': '0.4em' });

	// add a link to each template's description page
	$.each(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, &quot;articleTags&quot;), function(index, checkbox) {
		var $checkbox = $(checkbox);
		var link = Morebits.htmlNode(&quot;a&quot;, &quot;&gt;&quot;);
		link.setAttribute(&quot;class&quot;, &quot;tag-template-link&quot;);
		link.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, mw.util.getUrl(&quot;Template:&quot; +
			Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(checkbox.values)));
		link.setAttribute(&quot;target&quot;, &quot;_blank&quot;);
		$checkbox.parent().append([&quot;\u00A0&quot;, link]);
	});
};


// Tags for ARTICLES start here

Twinkle.tag.article = {};

// A list of all article tags, in alphabetical order
// To ensure tags appear in the default &quot;categorized&quot; view, add them to the tagCategories hash below.

Twinkle.tag.article.tags = {
	&quot;advert&quot;: &quot;article is written like an advertisement&quot;,
	&quot;all plot&quot;: &quot;article is almost entirely a plot summary&quot;,
	&quot;autobiography&quot;: &quot;article is an autobiography and may not be written neutrally&quot;,
	&quot;BLP sources&quot;: &quot;BLP article needs additional sources for verification&quot;,
	&quot;BLP unsourced&quot;: &quot;BLP article has no sources at all (use BLP PROD instead for new articles)&quot;,
	&quot;citation style&quot;: &quot;article has unclear or inconsistent inline citations&quot;,
	&quot;cleanup&quot;: &quot;article may require cleanup&quot;,
	&quot;cleanup-reorganize&quot;: &quot;article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines&quot;,
	&quot;close paraphrasing&quot;: &quot;article contains close paraphrasing of a non-free copyrighted source&quot;,
	&quot;COI&quot;: &quot;article creator or major contributor may have a conflict of interest&quot;,
	&quot;condense&quot;: &quot;article may have too many section headers dividing up its content&quot;,
	&quot;confusing&quot;: &quot;article may be confusing or unclear&quot;,
	&quot;context&quot;: &quot;article provides insufficient context&quot;,
	&quot;copy edit&quot;: &quot;article needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, and/or spelling&quot;,
	&quot;copypaste&quot;: &quot;article appears to have been copied and pasted from a source&quot;,
	&quot;current&quot;: &quot;article documents a current event&quot;,
	&quot;dead end&quot;: &quot;article has no links to other articles&quot;,
	&quot;disputed&quot;: &quot;article has questionable factual accuracy&quot;,
	&quot;essay-like&quot;: &quot;article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay&quot;,
	&quot;expand language&quot;: &quot;article can be expanded with material from a foreign-language Wikipedia&quot;,
	&quot;expert needed&quot;: &quot;article needs attention from an expert on the subject&quot;,
	&quot;external links&quot;: &quot;article's external links may not follow content policies or guidelines&quot;,
	&quot;fansite&quot;: &quot;article resembles a fansite&quot;,
	&quot;fiction&quot;: &quot;article fails to distinguish between fact and fiction&quot;,
	&quot;globalize&quot;: &quot;article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject&quot;,
	&quot;GOCEinuse&quot;: &quot;article is currently undergoing a major copy edit by the Guild of Copy Editors&quot;,
	&quot;hoax&quot;: &quot;article may be a complete hoax&quot;,
	&quot;improve categories&quot;: &quot;article may require additional categories&quot;,
	&quot;incomprehensible&quot;: &quot;article is very hard to understand or incomprehensible&quot;,
	&quot;in-universe&quot;: &quot;article subject is fictional and needs rewriting from a non-fictional perspective&quot;,
	&quot;in use&quot;: &quot;article is undergoing a major edit for a short while&quot;,
	&quot;lead missing&quot;: &quot;article has no lead section and one should be written&quot;,
	&quot;lead rewrite&quot;: &quot;article lead section needs to be rewritten to comply with guidelines&quot;,
	&quot;lead too long&quot;: &quot;article lead section is too long and should be shortened&quot;,
	&quot;lead too short&quot;: &quot;article lead section is too short and should be expanded&quot;,
	&quot;linkrot&quot;: &quot;article uses bare URLs for references, which are prone to link rot&quot;,
	&quot;manual&quot;: &quot;article is written like a manual or guidebook&quot;,
	&quot;merge&quot;: &quot;article should be merged with another given article&quot;,
	&quot;merge from&quot;: &quot;another given article should be merged into this one&quot;,
	&quot;merge to&quot;: &quot;article should be merged into another given article&quot;,
	&quot;metricate&quot;: &quot;article exclusively uses non-SI units of measurement&quot;,
	&quot;more footnotes&quot;: &quot;article has some references, but insufficient in-text citations&quot;,
	&quot;new unreviewed article&quot;: &quot;mark your own article for later review&quot;,
	&quot;news release&quot;: &quot;article reads like a news release&quot;,
	&quot;no footnotes&quot;: &quot;article has references, but no in-text citations&quot;,
	&quot;non-free&quot;: &quot;article may contain excessive or improper use of copyrighted materials&quot;,
	&quot;notability&quot;: &quot;article's subject may not meet the notability guideline&quot;,
	&quot;not English&quot;: &quot;article is written in a language other than English and needs translation&quot;,
	&quot;one source&quot;: &quot;article relies largely or entirely upon a single source&quot;,
	&quot;original research&quot;: &quot;article has original research or unverified claims&quot;,
	&quot;orphan&quot;: &quot;article is linked to from no other articles&quot;,
	&quot;overcoverage&quot;: &quot;article has an extensive bias or disproportional coverage towards one or more specific regions&quot;,
	&quot;overlinked&quot;: &quot;article may have too many duplicate and/or irrelevant links&quot;,
	&quot;overly detailed&quot;: &quot;article contains an excessive amount of intricate detail&quot;,
	&quot;over-quotation&quot;: &quot;article contains too many or too-lengthy quotations for an encyclopedic entry&quot;,
	&quot;peacock&quot;: &quot;article may contain peacock terms that promote the subject without adding information&quot;,
	&quot;plot&quot;: &quot;plot summary in article is too long&quot;,
	&quot;POV&quot;: &quot;article does not maintain a neutral point of view&quot;,
	&quot;primary sources&quot;: &quot;article relies too heavily on primary sources, and needs secondary sources&quot;,
	&quot;prose&quot;: &quot;article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose&quot;,
	&quot;recentism&quot;: &quot;article is slanted towards recent events&quot;,
	&quot;refimprove&quot;: &quot;article needs additional references or sources for verification&quot;,
	&quot;rough translation&quot;: &quot;article is poorly translated and needs cleanup&quot;,
	&quot;sections&quot;: &quot;article needs to be broken into sections&quot;,
	&quot;self-published&quot;: &quot;article may contain improper references to self-published sources&quot;,
	&quot;technical&quot;: &quot;article may be too technical for the uninitiated reader&quot;,
	&quot;tense&quot;: &quot;article is written in an incorrect tense&quot;,
	&quot;third-party&quot;: &quot;article relies too heavily on affiliated sources, and needs third-party sources&quot;,
	&quot;tone&quot;: &quot;tone of article is not appropriate&quot;,
	&quot;too few opinions&quot;: &quot;article may not include all significant viewpoints&quot;,
	&quot;uncategorized&quot;: &quot;article is uncategorized&quot;,
	&quot;under construction&quot;: &quot;article is currently in the middle of an expansion or major revamping&quot;,
	&quot;underlinked&quot;: &quot;article may require additional wikilinks&quot;,
	&quot;undue&quot;: &quot;article lends undue weight to certain aspects of the subject but not others&quot;,
	&quot;unfocused&quot;: &quot;article lacks focus or is about more than one topic&quot;,
	&quot;unreferenced&quot;: &quot;article has no references at all&quot;,
	&quot;unreliable sources&quot;: &quot;article's references may not be reliable sources&quot;,
	&quot;undisclosed paid&quot;: &quot;article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments&quot;,
	&quot;update&quot;: &quot;article needs additional up-to-date information added&quot;,
	&quot;very long&quot;: &quot;article is too long&quot;,
	&quot;weasel&quot;: &quot;article neutrality is compromised by the use of weasel words&quot;
};

// A list of tags in order of category
// Tags should be in alphabetical order within the categories
// Add new categories with discretion - the list is long enough as is!

Twinkle.tag.article.tagCategories = {
	&quot;Cleanup and maintenance tags&quot;: {
		&quot;General cleanup&quot;: [
			&quot;cleanup&quot;,  // has a subgroup with text input
			&quot;copy edit&quot;  // has a subgroup with text input
		],
		&quot;Potentially unwanted content&quot;: [
			&quot;close paraphrasing&quot;,
			&quot;copypaste&quot;,  // has a subgroup with text input
			&quot;external links&quot;,
			&quot;non-free&quot;
		],
		&quot;Structure, formatting, and lead section&quot;: [
			&quot;cleanup-reorganize&quot;,
			&quot;condense&quot;,
			&quot;lead missing&quot;,
			&quot;lead rewrite&quot;,
			&quot;lead too long&quot;,
			&quot;lead too short&quot;,
			&quot;sections&quot;,
			&quot;very long&quot;
		],
		&quot;Fiction-related cleanup&quot;: [
			&quot;all plot&quot;,
			&quot;fiction&quot;,
			&quot;in-universe&quot;,
			&quot;plot&quot;
		]
	},
	&quot;General content issues&quot;: {
		&quot;Importance and notability&quot;: [
			&quot;notability&quot;  // has a subgroup with subcategories
		],
		&quot;Style of writing&quot;: [
			&quot;advert&quot;,
			&quot;essay-like&quot;,
			&quot;fansite&quot;,
			&quot;manual&quot;,
			&quot;news release&quot;,
			&quot;over-quotation&quot;,
			&quot;prose&quot;,
			&quot;technical&quot;,
			&quot;tense&quot;,
			&quot;tone&quot;
		],
		&quot;Sense (or lack thereof)&quot;: [
			&quot;confusing&quot;,
			&quot;incomprehensible&quot;,
			&quot;unfocused&quot;
		],
		&quot;Information and detail&quot;: [
			&quot;context&quot;,
			&quot;expert needed&quot;,
			&quot;metricate&quot;,
			&quot;overly detailed&quot;,
			&quot;undue&quot;
		],
		&quot;Timeliness&quot;: [
			&quot;current&quot;,
			&quot;update&quot;			
		],
		&quot;Neutrality, bias, and factual accuracy&quot;: [
			&quot;autobiography&quot;,
			&quot;COI&quot;,
			&quot;disputed&quot;,
			&quot;hoax&quot;,
			&quot;globalize&quot;,  // has a subgroup with subcategories
			&quot;overcoverage&quot;,
			&quot;peacock&quot;,
			&quot;POV&quot;,
			&quot;recentism&quot;,
			&quot;too few opinions&quot;,
			&quot;undisclosed paid&quot;,
			&quot;weasel&quot;
		],
		&quot;Verifiability and sources&quot;: [
			&quot;BLP sources&quot;,
			&quot;BLP unsourced&quot;,
			&quot;one source&quot;,
			&quot;original research&quot;,
			&quot;primary sources&quot;,
			&quot;refimprove&quot;,
			&quot;self-published&quot;,
			&quot;third-party&quot;,
			&quot;unreferenced&quot;,
			&quot;unreliable sources&quot;
		]
	},
	&quot;Specific content issues&quot;: {
		&quot;Language&quot;: [
			&quot;not English&quot;,  // has a subgroup with several options
			&quot;rough translation&quot;,  // has a subgroup with several options
			&quot;expand language&quot;
		],
		&quot;Links&quot;: [
			&quot;dead end&quot;,
			&quot;orphan&quot;,
			&quot;overlinked&quot;,
			&quot;underlinked&quot;
		],
		&quot;Referencing technique&quot;: [
			&quot;citation style&quot;,
			&quot;linkrot&quot;,
			&quot;more footnotes&quot;,
			&quot;no footnotes&quot;
		],
		&quot;Categories&quot;: [
			&quot;improve categories&quot;,
			&quot;uncategorized&quot;
		]
	},
	&quot;Merging&quot;: [  // these three have a subgroup with several options
		&quot;merge&quot;,
		&quot;merge from&quot;,
		&quot;merge to&quot;
	],
	&quot;Informational&quot;: [
		&quot;GOCEinuse&quot;,
		&quot;in use&quot;,
		&quot;new unreviewed article&quot;,
		&quot;under construction&quot;
	]
};

// Tags for REDIRECTS start here

Twinkle.tag.spellingList = [
	{
		label: '{{R from initialism}}: redirect from an initialism (e.g. AGF) to its expanded form',
		value: 'R from initialism'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from acronym}}: redirect from an acronym (e.g. POTUS) to its expanded form',
		value: 'R from acronym'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R to list entry}}: redirect to a &quot;list of minor entities&quot;-type article which contains brief descriptions of subjects not notable enough to have separate articles',
		value: 'R to list entry'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R to section}}: similar to {{R to list entry}}, but when list is organized in sections, such as list of characters in a fictional universe.',
		value: 'R to section'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from misspelling}}: redirect from a misspelling or typographical error',
		value: 'R from misspelling'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from alternative spelling}}: redirect from a title with a different spelling',
		value: 'R from alternative spelling'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from plural}}: redirect from a plural word to the singular equivalent',
		value: 'R from plural'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from related word}}: redirect from a related word',
		value: 'R from related word'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R with possibilities}}: redirect from a more specific title to a more general, less detailed article, hence something which can and should be expanded',
		value: 'R with possibilities'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from member}}: redirect from a member of a group to a related topic such as the group, organization, or team that he or she belongs to',
		value: 'R from member'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from other capitalisation}}: redirect from a title with another method of capitalisation',
		value: 'R from other capitalisation'
	}
];

Twinkle.tag.alternativeList = [
	{
		label: '{{R from alternative name}}: redirect from a title that is another name, a pseudonym, a nickname, or a synonym',
		value: 'R from alternative name'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from long name}}: redirect from a title that is a complete or more complete name',
		value: 'R from long name'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from surname}}: redirect from a title that is a surname',
		value: 'R from surname'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from historic name}}: redirect from another name with a significant historic past as a region, state, city or such, but which is no longer known by that title or name',
		value: 'R from historic name'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from phrase}}: redirect from a phrase to a more general relevant article covering the topic',
		value: 'R from phrase'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from scientific name}}: redirect from the scientific name to the common name',
		value: 'R from scientific name'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R to scientific name}}: redirect from the common name to the scientific name',
		value: 'R to scientific name'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from name and country}}: redirect from the specific name to the briefer name',
		value: 'R from name and country'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from alternative language}}: redirect from an English name to a name in another language, or vice-versa',
		value: 'R from alternative language'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from ASCII}}: redirect from a title in basic ASCII to the formal article title, with differences that are not diacritical marks (accents, umlauts, etc.)',
		value: 'R from ASCII'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R to diacritics}}: redirect to the article title with diacritical marks (accents, umlauts, etc.)',
		value: 'R to diacritics'
	}
];

Twinkle.tag.administrativeList = [
	{
		label: '{{R from merge}}: redirect from a merged page in order to preserve its edit history',
		value: 'R from merge'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R to disambiguation page}}: redirect to a disambiguation page',
		value: 'R to disambiguation page'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from duplicated article}}: redirect to a similar article in order to preserve its edit history',
		value: 'R from duplicated article'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R to decade}}: redirect from a year to the decade article',
		value: 'R to decade'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from shortcut}}: redirect from a Wikipedia shortcut',
		value: 'R from shortcut'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from CamelCase}}: redirect from a CamelCase title',
		value: 'R from CamelCase'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from EXIF}}: redirect of a wikilink created from JPEG EXIF information (i.e. the &quot;metadata&quot; section on some image description pages)',
		value: 'R from EXIF'
	},
	{
		label: '{{R from school}}: redirect from a school article that had very little information',
		value: 'R from school'
	}
];

// maintenance tags for FILES start here

Twinkle.tag.file = {};

Twinkle.tag.file.licenseList = [
	{ label: '{{Bsr}}: source info consists of bare image URL/generic base URL only', value: 'Bsr' },
	{ label: '{{Non-free reduce}}: non-low-resolution fair use image (or too-long audio clip, etc)', value: 'Non-free reduce' },
	{ label: '{{Orphaned non-free revisions}}: fair use media with old revisions that need to be deleted', value: 'subst:orfurrev' }
];

Twinkle.tag.file.commonsList = [
	{ label: '{{Copy to Commons}}: free media that should be copied to Commons', value: 'Copy to Commons' },
	{ label: '{{Do not move to Commons}} (PD issue): file is PD in the US but not in country of origin', value: 'Do not move to Commons' },
	{ label: '{{Do not move to Commons}} (other reason)', value: 'Do not move to Commons_reason' },
	{ label: '{{Keep local}}: request to keep local copy of a Commons file', value: 'Keep local' },
	{ label: '{{Now Commons}}: file has been copied to Commons', value: 'subst:ncd' }
];

Twinkle.tag.file.cleanupList = [
	{ label: '{{Artifacts}}: PNG contains residual compression artifacts', value: 'Artifacts' },
	{ label: '{{Bad font}}: SVG uses fonts not available on the thumbnail server', value: 'Bad font' },
	{ label: '{{Bad format}}: PDF/DOC/... file should be converted to a more useful format', value: 'Bad format' },
	{ label: '{{Bad GIF}}: GIF that should be PNG, JPEG, or SVG', value: 'Bad GIF' },
	{ label: '{{Bad JPEG}}: JPEG that should be PNG or SVG', value: 'Bad JPEG' },
	{ label: '{{Bad trace}}: auto-traced SVG requiring cleanup', value: 'Bad trace' },
	{ label: '{{Cleanup image}}: general cleanup', value: 'Cleanup image' },
	{ label: '{{Cleanup SVG}}: SVG needing code and/or appearance cleanup', value: 'Cleanup SVG' },
	{ label: '{{ClearType}}: image (not screenshot) with ClearType anti-aliasing', value: 'ClearType' },
	{ label: '{{Imagewatermark}}: image contains visible or invisible watermarking', value: 'Imagewatermark' },
	{ label: '{{NoCoins}}: image using coins to indicate scale', value: 'NoCoins' },
	{ label: '{{Overcompressed JPEG}}: JPEG with high levels of artifacts', value: 'Overcompressed JPEG' },
	{ label: '{{Opaque}}: opaque background should be transparent', value: 'Opaque' },
	{ label: '{{Remove border}}: unneeded border, white space, etc.', value: 'Remove border' },
	{ label: '{{Rename media}}: file should be renamed according to the criteria at [[WP:FMV]]', value: 'Rename media' },
	{ label: '{{Should be PNG}}: GIF or JPEG should be lossless', value: 'Should be PNG' },
	{
		label: '{{Should be SVG}}: PNG, GIF or JPEG should be vector graphics', value: 'Should be SVG',
		subgroup: {
			name: 'svgCategory',
			type: 'select',
			list: [
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|other}}', value: 'other' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|alphabet}}: character images, font examples, etc.', value: 'alphabet' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|chemical}}: chemical diagrams, etc.', value: 'chemical' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|circuit}}: electronic circuit diagrams, etc.', value: 'circuit' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|coat of arms}}: coats of arms', value: 'coat of arms' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|diagram}}: diagrams that do not fit any other subcategory', value: 'diagram' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|emblem}}: emblems, free/libre logos, insignias, etc.', value: 'emblem' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|fair use}}: fair-use images, fair-use logos', value: 'fair use' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|flag}}: flags', value: 'flag' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|graph}}: visual plots of data', value: 'graph' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|logo}}: logos', value: 'logo' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|map}}: maps', value: 'map' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|music}}: musical scales, notes, etc.', value: 'music' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|physical}}: &quot;realistic&quot; images of physical objects, people, etc.', value: 'physical' },
				{ label: '{{Should be SVG|symbol}}: miscellaneous symbols, icons, etc.', value: 'symbol' }
			]
		}
	},
	{ label: '{{Should be text}}: image should be represented as text, tables, or math markup', value: 'Should be text' },
	{ label: '{{Split media}}: there are two different images in the upload log which need to be split', value: 'Split media' }
];

Twinkle.tag.file.qualityList = [
	{ label: '{{Image-blownout}}', value: 'Image-blownout' },
	{ label: '{{Image-out-of-focus}}', value: 'Image-out-of-focus' },
	{ label: '{{Image-Poor-Quality}}', value: 'Image-Poor-Quality' },
	{ label: '{{Image-underexposure}}', value: 'Image-underexposure' },
	{ label: '{{Low quality chem}}: disputed chemical structures', value: 'Low quality chem' }
];

Twinkle.tag.file.replacementList = [
	{ label: '{{Duplicate}}: exact duplicate of another file, but not yet orphaned', value: 'Duplicate' },
	{ label: '{{Obsolete}}: improved version available', value: 'Obsolete' },
	{ label: '{{PNG version available}}', value: 'PNG version available' },
	{ label: '{{Vector version available}}', value: 'Vector version available' }
];


// Contains those article tags that *do not* work inside {{multiple issues}}.
Twinkle.tag.multipleIssuesExceptions = [
	'copypaste',
	'expand language',
	'GOCEinuse',
	'improve categories',
	'in use',
	'merge',
	'merge from',
	'merge to',
	'new unreviewed article',
	'not English',
	'rough translation',
	'uncategorized',
	'under construction'
];


Twinkle.tag.callbacks = {
	main: function( pageobj ) {
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters(),
			tagRe, tagText = '', summaryText = 'Added',
			tags = [], groupableTags = [], i, totalTags;

		// Remove tags that become superfluous with this action
		var pageText = pageobj.getPageText().replace(/\{\{\s*([Nn]ew unreviewed article|[Uu]nreviewed|[Uu]serspace draft)\s*(\|(?:\{\{[^{}]*\}\}|[^{}])*)?\}\}\s*/g, &quot;&quot;);

		var addTag = function friendlytagAddTag( tagIndex, tagName ) {
			var currentTag = &quot;&quot;;
			if( tagName === 'uncategorized' || tagName === 'improve categories' ) {
				pageText += '\n\n{{' + tagName +
					'|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}';
			} else {
				if( tagName === 'globalize' ) {
					currentTag += '{{' + params.tagParameters.globalize;
				} else {
					currentTag += ( Twinkle.tag.mode === 'redirect' ? '\n' : '' ) + '{{' + tagName;
				}

				if( tagName === 'notability' &amp;&amp; params.tagParameters.notability !== 'none' ) {
					currentTag += '|' + params.tagParameters.notability;
				}

				// prompt for other parameters, based on the tag
				switch( tagName ) {
					case 'cleanup':
						if (params.tagParameters.cleanup) {
							currentTag += '|reason=' + params.tagParameters.cleanup;
						}
						break;
					case 'copy edit':
						if (params.tagParameters.copyEdit) {
							currentTag += '|for=' + params.tagParameters.copyEdit;
						}
						break;
					case 'copypaste':
						if (params.tagParameters.copypaste) {
							currentTag += '|url=' + params.tagParameters.copypaste;
						}
						break;
					case 'expand language':
						currentTag += '|topic=';
						var langcode = prompt('Please enter the language code of the other wiki (e.g. &quot;fr&quot;, &quot;roa-rup&quot;).  \n' +
							&quot;This information is required.  To skip the {{expand language}} tag, click Cancel.&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
						if (langcode === null || langcode === &quot;&quot;) {
							Morebits.status.warn(&quot;Notice&quot;, &quot;{{expand language}} tag skipped by user&quot;);
							return true;  // continue to next tag
						} else {
							currentTag += '|langcode=' + langcode;
						}
						var otherart = prompt('Please enter the name of the article in the other wiki (without interwiki prefix).  \n' +
							&quot;This information is optional.  To skip the {{expand language}} tag, click Cancel.&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
						if (otherart === null) {
							Morebits.status.warn(&quot;Notice&quot;, &quot;{{expand language}} tag skipped by user&quot;);
							return true;  // continue to next tag
						} else {
							currentTag += '|otherarticle=' + otherart;
						}
						break;
					case 'expert needed':
						if (params.tagParameters.expertNeeded) {
							currentTag += '|1=' + params.tagParameters.expertNeeded;
						}
						break;
					case 'news release':
						currentTag += '|1=article';
						break;
					case 'not English':
					case 'rough translation':
						if (params.translationLanguage) {
							currentTag += '|1=' + params.translationLanguage;
						}
						if (params.translationPostAtPNT) {
							currentTag += '|listed=yes';
						}
						break;
					case 'merge':
					case 'merge to':
					case 'merge from':
						if (params.mergeTarget) {
							// normalize the merge target for now and later
							params.mergeTarget = Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(params.mergeTarget.replace(/_/g, ' '));

							currentTag += '|' + params.mergeTarget;

							// link to the correct section on the talk page, for article space only
							if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 0 &amp;&amp; (params.mergeReason || params.discussArticle)) {
								if (!params.discussArticle) {
									// discussArticle is the article whose talk page will contain the discussion
									params.discussArticle = (tagName === &quot;merge to&quot; ? params.mergeTarget : mw.config.get('wgTitle'));
									// nonDiscussArticle is the article which won't have the discussion
									params.nonDiscussArticle = (tagName === &quot;merge to&quot; ? mw.config.get('wgTitle') : params.mergeTarget);
									params.talkDiscussionTitle = 'Proposed merge with ' + params.nonDiscussArticle;
								}
								currentTag += '|discuss=Talk:' + params.discussArticle + '#' + params.talkDiscussionTitle;
							}
						}
						break;
					default:
						break;
				}

				currentTag += (Twinkle.tag.mode === 'redirect') ? '}}' : '|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}\n';
				tagText += currentTag;
			}

			if ( tagIndex &gt; 0 ) {
				if( tagIndex === (totalTags - 1) ) {
					summaryText += ' and';
				} else if ( tagIndex &lt; (totalTags - 1) ) {
					summaryText += ',';
				}
			}

			summaryText += ' {{[[:';
			if( tagName === 'globalize' ) {
				summaryText += &quot;Template:&quot; + params.tagParameters.globalize + '|' + params.tagParameters.globalize;
			} else {
				summaryText += (tagName.indexOf(&quot;:&quot;) !== -1 ? tagName : (&quot;Template:&quot; + tagName + &quot;|&quot; + tagName));
			}
			summaryText += ']]}}';
		};

		if( Twinkle.tag.mode !== 'redirect' ) {
			// Check for preexisting tags and separate tags into groupable and non-groupable arrays
			for( i = 0; i &lt; params.tags.length; i++ ) {
				tagRe = new RegExp( '(\\{\\{' + params.tags[i] + '(\\||\\}\\})|\\|\\s*' + params.tags[i] + '\\s*=[a-z ]+\\d+)', 'im' );
				if( !tagRe.exec( pageText ) ) {
					if( Twinkle.tag.multipleIssuesExceptions.indexOf(params.tags[i]) === -1 ) {
						groupableTags = groupableTags.concat( params.tags[i] );
					} else {
						tags = tags.concat( params.tags[i] );
					}
				} else {
					Morebits.status.warn( 'Info', 'Found {{' + params.tags[i] +
						'}} on the article already...excluding' );
					// don't do anything else with merge tags
					if (params.tags[i] === &quot;merge&quot; || params.tags[i] === &quot;merge from&quot; ||
						params.tags[i] === &quot;merge to&quot;) {
						params.mergeTarget = params.mergeReason = params.mergeTagOther = false;
					}
				}
			}

			var miTest = /\{\{(multiple ?issues|article ?issues|mi)[^}]+\{/im.exec(pageText);
			var miOldStyleRegex = /\{\{(multiple ?issues|article ?issues|mi)\s*\|([^{]+)\}\}/im;
			var miOldStyleTest = miOldStyleRegex.exec(pageText);

			if( ( miTest || miOldStyleTest ) &amp;&amp; groupableTags.length &gt; 0 ) {
				Morebits.status.info( 'Info', 'Adding supported tags inside existing {{multiple issues}} tag' );

				groupableTags.sort();
				tagText = &quot;&quot;;

				totalTags = groupableTags.length;
				$.each(groupableTags, addTag);

				summaryText += ' tag' + ( groupableTags.length &gt; 1 ? 's' : '' ) + ' (within {{[[Template:multiple issues|multiple issues]]}})';
				if( tags.length &gt; 0 ) {
					summaryText += ', and';
				}

				if( miOldStyleTest ) {
					// convert tags from old-style to new-style
					var split = miOldStyleTest[2].split(&quot;|&quot;);
					$.each(split, function(index, val) {
						split[index] = val.replace(&quot;=&quot;, &quot;|date=&quot;).trim();
					});
					pageText = pageText.replace(miOldStyleRegex, &quot;{{$1|\n{{&quot; + split.join(&quot;}}\n{{&quot;) + &quot;}}\n&quot; + tagText + &quot;}}\n&quot;);
				} else {
					var miRegex = new RegExp(&quot;(\\{\\{\\s*&quot; + miTest[1] + &quot;\\s*(?:\\|(?:\\{\\{[^{}]*\\}\\}|[^{}])*)?)\\}\\}\\s*&quot;, &quot;im&quot;);
					pageText = pageText.replace(miRegex, &quot;$1&quot; + tagText + &quot;}}\n&quot;);
				}
				tagText = &quot;&quot;;
			} else if( params.group &amp;&amp; groupableTags.length &gt;= 3 ) {
				Morebits.status.info( 'Info', 'Grouping supported tags inside {{multiple issues}}' );

				groupableTags.sort();
				tagText += '{{multiple issues|\n';

				totalTags = groupableTags.length;
				$.each(groupableTags, addTag);

				summaryText += ' tags (within {{[[Template:multiple issues|multiple issues]]}})';
				if( tags.length &gt; 0 ) {
					summaryText += ', and';
				}
				tagText += '}}\n';
			} else {
				tags = tags.concat( groupableTags );
			}
		} else {
			// Redirect tagging: Check for pre-existing tags
			for( i = 0; i &lt; params.tags.length; i++ ) {
				tagRe = new RegExp( '(\\{\\{' + params.tags[i] + '(\\||\\}\\}))', 'im' );
				if( !tagRe.exec( pageText ) ) {
					tags = tags.concat( params.tags[i] );
				} else {
					Morebits.status.warn( 'Info', 'Found {{' + params.tags[i] +
						'}} on the redirect already...excluding' );
				}
			}
		}

		tags.sort();
		totalTags = tags.length;
		$.each(tags, addTag);

		if( Twinkle.tag.mode === 'redirect' ) {
			pageText += tagText;
		} else {
			// smartly insert the new tags after any hatnotes. Regex is a bit more
			// complicated than it'd need to be, to allow templates as parameters,
			// and to handle whitespace properly.
			pageText = pageText.replace(/^\s*(?:((?:\s*\{\{\s*(?:about|correct title|dablink|distinguish|for|other\s?(?:hurricaneuses|people|persons|places|uses(?:of)?)|redirect(?:-acronym)?|see\s?(?:also|wiktionary)|selfref|the)\d*\s*(\|(?:\{\{[^{}]*\}\}|[^{}])*)?\}\})+(?:\s*\n)?)\s*)?/i,
				&quot;$1&quot; + tagText);
		}
		summaryText += ( tags.length &gt; 0 ? ' tag' + ( tags.length &gt; 1 ? 's' : '' ) : '' ) +
			' to ' + Twinkle.tag.mode;

		// avoid truncated summaries
		if (summaryText.length &gt; (254 - Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd').length)) {
			summaryText = summaryText.replace(/\[\[[^|]+\|([^\]]+)\]\]/g, &quot;$1&quot;);
		}

		pageobj.setPageText(pageText);
		pageobj.setEditSummary(summaryText + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		pageobj.setWatchlist(Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('watchTaggedPages'));
		pageobj.setMinorEdit(Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('markTaggedPagesAsMinor'));
		pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
		pageobj.save(function() {
			// special functions for merge tags
			if (params.mergeReason) {
				// post the rationale on the talk page (only operates in main namespace)
				var talkpageText = &quot;\n\n== Proposed merge with [[&quot; + params.nonDiscussArticle + &quot;]] ==\n\n&quot;;
				talkpageText += params.mergeReason.trim() + &quot; ~~~~&quot;;

				var talkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page(&quot;Talk:&quot; + params.discussArticle, &quot;Posting rationale on talk page&quot;);
				talkpage.setAppendText(talkpageText);
				talkpage.setEditSummary('Proposing to merge [[:' + params.nonDiscussArticle + ']] ' +
					(tags.indexOf(&quot;merge&quot;) !== -1 ? 'with' : 'into') + ' [[:' + params.discussArticle + ']]' +
					Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
				talkpage.setWatchlist(Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('watchMergeDiscussions'));
				talkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
				talkpage.append();
			}
			if (params.mergeTagOther) {
				// tag the target page if requested
				var otherTagName = &quot;merge&quot;;
				if (tags.indexOf(&quot;merge from&quot;) !== -1) {
					otherTagName = &quot;merge to&quot;;
				} else if (tags.indexOf(&quot;merge to&quot;) !== -1) {
					otherTagName = &quot;merge from&quot;;
				}
				var newParams = {
					tags: [otherTagName],
					mergeTarget: Morebits.pageNameNorm,
					discussArticle: params.discussArticle,
					talkDiscussionTitle: params.talkDiscussionTitle
				};
				var otherpage = new Morebits.wiki.page(params.mergeTarget, &quot;Tagging other page (&quot; +
					params.mergeTarget + &quot;)&quot;);
				otherpage.setCallbackParameters(newParams);
				otherpage.load(Twinkle.tag.callbacks.main);
			}

			// post at WP:PNT for {{not English}} and {{rough translation}} tag
			if (params.translationPostAtPNT) {
				var pntPage = new Morebits.wiki.page('Wikipedia:Pages needing translation into English',
					&quot;Listing article at Wikipedia:Pages needing translation into English&quot;);
				pntPage.setFollowRedirect(true);
				pntPage.setCallbackParameters({
					template: params.tags.indexOf(&quot;rough translation&quot;) !== -1 ? &quot;duflu&quot; : &quot;needtrans&quot;,
					lang: params.translationLanguage,
					reason: params.translationComments
				});
				pntPage.load(Twinkle.tag.callbacks.translationListPage);
			}
			if (params.translationNotify) {
				pageobj.lookupCreator(function(innerPageobj) {
					var initialContrib = innerPageobj.getCreator();

					// Disallow warning yourself
					if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgUserName')) {
						innerPageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);
						return;
					}

					var userTalkPage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib,
						'Notifying initial contributor (' + initialContrib + ')');
					var notifytext = &quot;\n\n== Your article [[&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]]==\n&quot; +
						&quot;{{subst:uw-notenglish|1=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm +
						(params.translationPostAtPNT ? &quot;&quot; : &quot;|nopnt=yes&quot;) + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
					userTalkPage.setAppendText(notifytext);
					userTalkPage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notice: Please use English when contributing to the English Wikipedia.&quot; +
						Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
					userTalkPage.setCreateOption('recreate');
					userTalkPage.setFollowRedirect(true);
					userTalkPage.append();
				});
			}
		});

		if( params.patrol ) {
			pageobj.patrol();
		}
	},

	translationListPage: function friendlytagCallbacksTranslationListPage(pageobj) {
		var old_text = pageobj.getPageText();
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

		var templateText = &quot;{{subst:&quot; + params.template + &quot;|pg=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;|Language=&quot; +
			(params.lang || &quot;uncertain&quot;) + &quot;|Comments=&quot; + params.reason.trim() + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;

		var text, summary;
		if (params.template === &quot;duflu&quot;) {
			text = old_text + &quot;\n\n&quot; + templateText;
			summary = &quot;Translation cleanup requested on &quot;;
		} else {
			text = old_text.replace(/\n+(==\s?Translated pages that could still use some cleanup\s?==)/,
				&quot;\n\n&quot; + templateText + &quot;\n\n$1&quot;);
			summary = &quot;Translation&quot; + (params.lang ? (&quot; from &quot; + params.lang) : &quot;&quot;) + &quot; requested on &quot;;
		}

		if (text === old_text) {
			statelem.error('failed to find target spot for the discussion');
			return;
		}
		pageobj.setPageText(text);
		pageobj.setEditSummary(summary + &quot; [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
		pageobj.save();
	},

	file: function friendlytagCallbacksFile(pageobj) {
		var text = pageobj.getPageText();
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		var summary = &quot;Adding &quot;;

		// Add maintenance tags
		if (params.tags.length) {

			var tagtext = &quot;&quot;, currentTag;
			$.each(params.tags, function(k, tag) {
				// when other commons-related tags are placed, remove &quot;move to Commons&quot; tag
				if ([&quot;Keep local&quot;, &quot;subst:ncd&quot;, &quot;Do not move to Commons_reason&quot;, &quot;Do not move to Commons&quot;,
					&quot;Now Commons&quot;].indexOf(tag) !== -1) {
					text = text.replace(/\{\{(mtc|(copy |move )?to ?commons|move to wikimedia commons|copy to wikimedia commons)[^}]*\}\}/gi, &quot;&quot;);
				}
				if (tag === &quot;Vector version available&quot;) {
					text = text.replace(/\{\{((convert to |convertto|should be |shouldbe|to)?svg|badpng|vectorize)[^}]*\}\}/gi, &quot;&quot;);
				}

				currentTag = &quot;{{&quot; + (tag === &quot;Do not move to Commons_reason&quot; ? &quot;Do not move to Commons&quot; : tag);

				var input;
				switch (tag) {
					case &quot;subst:ncd&quot;:
						/* falls through */
					case &quot;Keep local&quot;:
						input = prompt( &quot;{{&quot; + (tag === &quot;subst:ncd&quot; ? &quot;Now Commons&quot; : tag) +
							&quot;}} - Enter the name of the image on Commons (if different from local name), excluding the File: prefix:&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
						if (input === null) {
							return true;  // continue
						} else if (input !== &quot;&quot;) {
							currentTag += '|1=' + input;
						}
						break;
					case &quot;Rename media&quot;:
						input = prompt( &quot;{{Rename media}} - Enter the new name for the image (optional):&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
						if (input === null) {
							return true;  // continue
						} else if (input !== &quot;&quot;) {
							currentTag += &quot;|1=&quot; + input;
						}
						input = prompt( &quot;{{Rename media}} - Enter the reason for the rename (optional):&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
						if (input === null) {
							return true;  // continue
						} else if (input !== &quot;&quot;) {
							currentTag += &quot;|2=&quot; + input;
						}
						break;
					case &quot;Cleanup image&quot;:
						/* falls through */
					case &quot;Cleanup SVG&quot;:
						input = prompt( &quot;{{&quot; + tag + &quot;}} - Enter the reason for cleanup (required). To skip the tag, click Cancel:&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
						if (input === null) {
							return true;  // continue
						} else if (input !== &quot;&quot;) {
							currentTag += &quot;|1=&quot; + input;
						}
						break;
					case &quot;Image-Poor-Quality&quot;:
						input = prompt( &quot;{{Image-Poor-Quality}} - Enter the reason why this image is so bad (required). To skip the tag, click Cancel:&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
						if (input === null) {
							return true;  // continue
						} else if (input !== &quot;&quot;) {
							currentTag += &quot;|1=&quot; + input;
						}
						break;
					case &quot;Low quality chem&quot;:
						input = prompt( &quot;{{Low quality chem}} - Enter the reason why the diagram is disputed (required). To skip the tag, click Cancel:&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
						if (input === null) {
							return true;  // continue
						} else if (input !== &quot;&quot;) {
							currentTag += &quot;|1=&quot; + input;
						}
						break;
					case &quot;PNG version available&quot;:
						/* falls through */
					case &quot;Vector version available&quot;:
						/* falls through */
					case &quot;Obsolete&quot;:
						/* falls through */
					case &quot;Duplicate&quot;:
						input = prompt( &quot;{{&quot; + tag + &quot;}} - Enter the name of the file which replaces this one (required). To skip the tag, click Cancel:&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
						if (input === null) {
							return true;  // continue
						} else if (input !== &quot;&quot;) {
							currentTag += &quot;|1=&quot; + input;
						}
						break;
					case &quot;Do not move to Commons_reason&quot;:
						input = prompt( &quot;{{Do not move to Commons}} - Enter the reason why this image should not be moved to Commons (required). To skip the tag, click Cancel:&quot;, &quot;&quot; );
						if (input === null) {
							return true;  // continue
						} else if (input !== &quot;&quot;) {
							currentTag += &quot;|reason=&quot; + input;
						}
						break;
					case &quot;subst:orfurrev&quot;:
						//remove {{non-free reduce}} and redirects
						text = text.replace(/\{\{\s*(Template\s*:\s*)?(Non-free reduce|FairUseReduce|Fairusereduce|Fair Use Reduce|Fair use reduce|Reduce size|Reduce|Fair-use reduce|Image-toobig|Comic-ovrsize-img|Non-free-reduce|Nfr|Smaller image|Nonfree reduce)\s*(\|(?:\{\{[^{}]*\}\}|[^{}])*)?\}\}\s*/ig, &quot;&quot;);
						currentTag += &quot;|date={{subst:date}}&quot;;
						break;
					case &quot;Copy to Commons&quot;:
						currentTag += &quot;|human=&quot; + mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;);
						break;
					default:
						break;  // don't care
				}

				if (tag === &quot;Should be SVG&quot;) {
					currentTag += &quot;|&quot; + params.svgSubcategory;
				}

				currentTag += &quot;}}\n&quot;;

				tagtext += currentTag;
				summary += &quot;{{&quot; + tag + &quot;}}, &quot;;

				return true;  // continue
			});

			if (!tagtext) {
				pageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;User canceled operation; nothing to do&quot;);
				return;
			}

			text = tagtext + text;
		}

		pageobj.setPageText(text);
		pageobj.setEditSummary(summary.substring(0, summary.length - 2) + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		pageobj.setWatchlist(Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('watchTaggedPages'));
		pageobj.setMinorEdit(Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('markTaggedPagesAsMinor'));
		pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
		pageobj.save();

		if( params.patrol ) {
			pageobj.patrol();
		}
	}
};

Twinkle.tag.callback.evaluate = function friendlytagCallbackEvaluate(e) {
	var form = e.target;
	var params = {};
	if (form.patrolPage) {
		params.patrol = form.patrolPage.checked;
	}

	switch (Twinkle.tag.mode) {
		case 'article':
			params.tags = form.getChecked( 'articleTags' );
			params.group = form.group.checked;
			params.tagParameters = {
				cleanup: form[&quot;articleTags.cleanup&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.cleanup&quot;].value : null,
				copyEdit: form[&quot;articleTags.copyEdit&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.copyEdit&quot;].value : null,
				copypaste: form[&quot;articleTags.copypaste&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.copypaste&quot;].value : null,
				expertNeeded: form[&quot;articleTags.expertNeeded&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.expertNeeded&quot;].value : null,
				globalize: form[&quot;articleTags.globalize&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.globalize&quot;].value : null,
				notability: form[&quot;articleTags.notability&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.notability&quot;].value : null
			};
			// common to {{merge}}, {{merge from}}, {{merge to}}
			params.mergeTarget = form[&quot;articleTags.mergeTarget&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.mergeTarget&quot;].value : null;
			params.mergeReason = form[&quot;articleTags.mergeReason&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.mergeReason&quot;].value : null;
			params.mergeTagOther = form[&quot;articleTags.mergeTagOther&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.mergeTagOther&quot;].checked : false;
			// common to {{not English}}, {{rough translation}}
			params.translationLanguage = form[&quot;articleTags.translationLanguage&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.translationLanguage&quot;].value : null;
			params.translationNotify = form[&quot;articleTags.translationNotify&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.translationNotify&quot;].checked : null;
			params.translationPostAtPNT = form[&quot;articleTags.translationPostAtPNT&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.translationPostAtPNT&quot;].checked : null;
			params.translationComments = form[&quot;articleTags.translationComments&quot;] ? form[&quot;articleTags.translationComments&quot;].value : null;
			break;
		case 'file':
			params.svgSubcategory = form[&quot;imageTags.svgCategory&quot;] ? form[&quot;imageTags.svgCategory&quot;].value : null;
			params.tags = form.getChecked( 'imageTags' );
			break;
		case 'redirect':
			params.tags = form.getChecked( 'redirectTags' );
			break;
		default:
			alert(&quot;Twinkle.tag: unknown mode &quot; + Twinkle.tag.mode);
			break;
	}

	// form validation
	if( !params.tags.length ) {
		alert( 'You must select at least one tag!' );
		return;
	}
	if( ((params.tags.indexOf(&quot;merge&quot;) !== -1) + (params.tags.indexOf(&quot;merge from&quot;) !== -1) +
		(params.tags.indexOf(&quot;merge to&quot;) !== -1)) &gt; 1 ) {
		alert( 'Please select only one of {{merge}}, {{merge from}}, and {{merge to}}. If several merges are required, use {{merge}} and separate the article names with pipes (although in this case Twinkle cannot tag the other articles automatically).' );
		return;
	}
	if( (params.tags.indexOf(&quot;not English&quot;) !== -1) &amp;&amp; (params.tags.indexOf(&quot;rough translation&quot;) !== -1) ) {
		alert( 'Please select only one of {{not English}} and {{rough translation}}.' );
		return;
	}
	if( (params.mergeTagOther || params.mergeReason) &amp;&amp; params.mergeTarget.indexOf('|') !== -1 ) {
		alert( 'Tagging multiple articles in a merge, and starting a discussion for multiple articles, is not supported at the moment. Please turn off &quot;tag other article&quot;, and/or clear out the &quot;reason&quot; box, and try again.' );
		return;
	}
	if( params.tags.indexOf('cleanup') !== -1 &amp;&amp; params.tagParameters.cleanup.trim &amp;&amp; params.tagParameters.cleanup.trim() === &quot;&quot;) {
		alert( 'You must specify a reason for the {{cleanup}} tag.' );
		return;
	}

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( form );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = Morebits.pageNameNorm;
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Tagging complete, reloading article in a few seconds&quot;;
	if (Twinkle.tag.mode === 'redirect') {
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.followRedirect = false;
	}

	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(Morebits.pageNameNorm, &quot;Tagging &quot; + Twinkle.tag.mode);
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
	switch (Twinkle.tag.mode) {
		case 'article':
			/* falls through */
		case 'redirect':
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.tag.callbacks.main);
			return;
		case 'file':
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.tag.callbacks.file);
			return;
		default:
			alert(&quot;Twinkle.tag: unknown mode &quot; + Twinkle.tag.mode);
			break;
	}
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kzoocp8qyucuddvfi5pedt3ecgqz3az</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinkledeprod.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5641</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32209</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:55:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-17</comment>
      <origin>32209</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="6190" sha1="mfvjg3sslmyikudll2uav2a99hmdpto" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
****************************************
*** twinkledeprod.js: Batch deletion of expired PRODs (sysops only)
****************************************
* Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;Deprod&quot;)
* Active on:              Categories whose name starts with &quot;Category:Proposed deletion as of&quot;
* Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
*/

Twinkle.deprod = function() {
	if(
		mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 14 ||
		! Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ||
		!((/proposed_deletion/i).test(mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' )))
	) {
		return;
	}
	Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.deprod.callback, &quot;Deprod&quot;, &quot;tw-deprod&quot;, &quot;Delete prod pages found in this category&quot;);
};

var concerns = {};

Twinkle.deprod.callback = function() {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 800, 400 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;PROD cleaning&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Proposed deletion&quot;, &quot;WP:PROD&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#deprod&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( callback_commit );

	var statusdiv = document.createElement( 'div' );
	statusdiv.style.padding = '15px';  // just so it doesn't look broken
	Window.setContent(statusdiv);
	Morebits.status.init(statusdiv);
	Window.display();

	var query = {
		'action': 'query',
		'generator': 'categorymembers',
		'gcmtitle': mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' ),
		'gcmlimit' : 5000, // the max for sysops
		'prop': [ 'info', 'revisions' ],
		'rvprop': [ 'content' ],
		'inprop': [ 'protection' ]
	};

	var statelem = new Morebits.status(&quot;Grabbing list of pages&quot;);
	var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'loading...', query, function( apiobj ) {
		var $doc = $(apiobj.responseXML);
		var $pages = $doc.find('page[ns!=&quot;6&quot;]');  // all non-files
		var list = [];
		var re = /\{\{Proposed deletion/;
		$pages.each(function() {
			var $page = $(this);
			var title = $page.attr('title');
			var content = $page.find('revisions rev').text();
			var $editprot = $page.find('pr[type=&quot;edit&quot;][level=&quot;sysop&quot;]');
			var isProtected = $editprot.length &gt; 0;

			var metadata = [];
			var res = re.exec(content);
			if( res ) {
				var parsed = Morebits.wikitext.template.parse( content, res.index );
				concerns[title] = parsed.parameters.concern || '';
				metadata.push(concerns[title]);
			}
			if (isProtected) {
				metadata.push(&quot;fully protected&quot; +
					($editprot.attr('expiry') === 'infinity' ? ' indefinitely' : (', expires ' + $editprot.attr('expiry'))));
			}
			list.push({
				label: (metadata.length ? ('(' + metadata.join('; ') + ')') : ''),
				value: title,
				checked: concerns[title] !== '',
				style: (isProtected ? 'color:red' : '')
			});
		});
		apiobj.params.form.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Pages to delete' });
		apiobj.params.form.append({
			type: 'button',
			label: &quot;Select All&quot;,
			event: function(e) {
				$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, 'pages')).prop('checked', true);
			}
		});
		apiobj.params.form.append({
			type: 'button',
			label: &quot;Deselect All&quot;,
			event: function(e) {
				$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, 'pages')).prop('checked', false);
			}
		});
		apiobj.params.form.append({
			'type': 'checkbox',
			'name': 'pages',
			'list': list
		});
		apiobj.params.form.append({
			'type': 'submit'
		});

		var rendered = apiobj.params.form.render();
		apiobj.params.Window.setContent( rendered );
		$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(rendered, 'pages')).each(function(index, checkbox) {
			var $checkbox = $(checkbox);
			var link = Morebits.htmlNode(&quot;a&quot;, $checkbox.val());
			link.setAttribute(&quot;class&quot;, &quot;deprod-page-link&quot;);
			link.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, mw.util.getUrl($checkbox.val()));
			link.setAttribute(&quot;target&quot;, &quot;_blank&quot;);
			$checkbox.next().prepend([link, &quot; &quot;]);
		});
	}, statelem );

	wikipedia_api.params = { form:form, Window:Window };
	wikipedia_api.post();
};

var callback_commit = function(event) {
	var pages = event.target.getChecked( 'pages' );
	Morebits.status.init( event.target );

	var batchOperation = new Morebits.batchOperation(&quot;Deleting articles&quot;);
	batchOperation.setOption(&quot;chunkSize&quot;, Twinkle.getPref('proddeleteChunks'));
	batchOperation.setOption(&quot;preserveIndividualStatusLines&quot;, true);
	batchOperation.setPageList(pages);
	batchOperation.run(function(pageName) {
		var params = { page: pageName, reason: concerns[page] };

		var query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'titles': pageName,
			'prop': 'redirects',
			'rdlimit': 5000  // 500 is max for normal users, 5000 for bots and sysops
		};
		var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Grabbing redirects', query, callback_deleteRedirects );
		wikipedia_api.params = params;
		wikipedia_api.post();

		query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'titles': 'Talk:' + pageName
		};
		wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Checking whether ' + pageName + ' has a talk page', query,
			callback_deleteTalk );
		wikipedia_api.params = params;
		wikipedia_api.post();

		var page = new Morebits.wiki.page(pageName, &quot;Deleting article &quot; + pageName);
		page.setEditSummary(&quot;Expired [[WP:PROD|PROD]], concern was: &quot; + concerns[pageName] + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
		page.suppressProtectWarning();
		page.deletePage(batchOperation.workerSuccess, batchOperation.workerFailure);
	});
},
callback_deleteTalk = function( apiobj ) {
	var $doc = $(apiobj.responseXML);
	var exists = $doc.find('page:not([missing])').length &gt; 0;

	if( !exists ) {
		// no talk page; forget about it
		return;
	}

	var page = new Morebits.wiki.page('Talk:' + apiobj.params.page, &quot;Deleting talk page of article &quot; + apiobj.params.page);
	page.setEditSummary(&quot;[[WP:CSD#G8|G8]]: [[Help:Talk page|Talk page]] of deleted page \&quot;&quot; + apiobj.params.page + &quot;\&quot;&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
	page.deletePage();
},
callback_deleteRedirects = function( apiobj ) {
	var $doc = $(apiobj.responseXML);
	$doc.find(&quot;redirects rd&quot;).each(function(){
		var title = $(this).attr('title');
		var page = new Morebits.wiki.page(title, &quot;Deleting redirecting page &quot; + title);
		page.setEditSummary(&quot;[[WP:CSD#G8|G8]]: Redirect to deleted page \&quot;&quot; + apiobj.params.page + &quot;\&quot;&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
		page.deletePage();
	});
};

})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mfvjg3sslmyikudll2uav2a99hmdpto</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-friendlywelcome.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5642</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32210</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:56:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-19</comment>
      <origin>32210</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="25808" sha1="k3hlnzrnxv8e0kxv04ty6lpjict0yjs" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** friendlywelcome.js: Welcome module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;Wel&quot;), or from links on diff pages
 * Active on:              Existing user talk pages, diff pages
 * Config directives in:   FriendlyConfig
 */

Twinkle.welcome = function friendlywelcome() {
	if( Morebits.queryString.exists( 'friendlywelcome' ) ) {
		if( Morebits.queryString.get( 'friendlywelcome' ) === 'auto' ) {
			Twinkle.welcome.auto();
		} else {
			Twinkle.welcome.semiauto();
		}
	} else {
		Twinkle.welcome.normal();
	}
};

Twinkle.welcome.auto = function() {
	if( Morebits.queryString.get( 'action' ) !== 'edit' ) {
		// userpage not empty, aborting auto-welcome
		return;
	}

	Twinkle.welcome.welcomeUser();
};

Twinkle.welcome.semiauto = function() {
	Twinkle.welcome.callback( mw.config.get( 'wgTitle' ).split( '/' )[0].replace( /&quot;/, &quot;\\\&quot;&quot;) );
};

Twinkle.welcome.normal = function() {
	if( Morebits.queryString.exists( 'diff' ) ) {
		// check whether the contributors' talk pages exist yet
		var $oList = $(&quot;#mw-diff-otitle2&quot;).find(&quot;span.mw-usertoollinks a.new:contains(talk)&quot;).first();
		var $nList = $(&quot;#mw-diff-ntitle2&quot;).find(&quot;span.mw-usertoollinks a.new:contains(talk)&quot;).first();

		if( $oList.length &gt; 0 || $nList.length &gt; 0 ) {
			var spanTag = function( color, content ) {
				var span = document.createElement( 'span' );
				span.style.color = color;
				span.appendChild( document.createTextNode( content ) );
				return span;
			};

			var welcomeNode = document.createElement('strong');
			var welcomeLink = document.createElement('a');
			welcomeLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', '[' ) );
			welcomeLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Goldenrod', 'welcome' ) );
			welcomeLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', ']' ) );
			welcomeNode.appendChild(welcomeLink);

			if( $oList.length &gt; 0 ) {
				var oHref = $oList.attr(&quot;href&quot;);

				var oWelcomeNode = welcomeNode.cloneNode( true );
				oWelcomeNode.firstChild.setAttribute( 'href', oHref + '&amp;' + Morebits.queryString.create( {
						'friendlywelcome': Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('quickWelcomeMode') === 'auto' ? 'auto': 'norm',
						'vanarticle': Morebits.pageNameNorm
					} ) );
				$oList[0].parentNode.parentNode.appendChild( document.createTextNode( ' ' ) );
				$oList[0].parentNode.parentNode.appendChild( oWelcomeNode );
			}

			if( $nList.length &gt; 0 ) {
				var nHref = $nList.attr(&quot;href&quot;);

				var nWelcomeNode = welcomeNode.cloneNode( true );
				nWelcomeNode.firstChild.setAttribute( 'href', nHref + '&amp;' + Morebits.queryString.create( {
						'friendlywelcome': Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('quickWelcomeMode') === 'auto' ? 'auto': 'norm',
						'vanarticle': Morebits.pageNameNorm
					} ) );
				$nList[0].parentNode.parentNode.appendChild( document.createTextNode( ' ' ) );
				$nList[0].parentNode.parentNode.appendChild( nWelcomeNode );
			}
		}
	}
	if( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) === 3 ) {
		var username = mw.config.get( 'wgTitle' ).split( '/' )[0].replace( /&quot;/, &quot;\\\&quot;&quot;); // only first part before any slashes
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( function(){ Twinkle.welcome.callback(username); }, &quot;Wel&quot;, &quot;friendly-welcome&quot;, &quot;Welcome user&quot; );
	}
};

Twinkle.welcome.welcomeUser = function welcomeUser() {
	Morebits.status.init( document.getElementById('mw-content-text') );
	$( '#catlinks' ).remove();

	var params = {
		value: Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('quickWelcomeTemplate'),
		article: Morebits.queryString.exists( 'vanarticle' ) ? Morebits.queryString.get( 'vanarticle' ) : '',
		mode: 'auto'
	};

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Welcoming complete, reloading talk page in a few seconds&quot;;

	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;User talk page modification&quot;);
	wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
	wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.welcome.callbacks.main);
};

Twinkle.welcome.callback = function friendlywelcomeCallback( uid ) {
	if( uid === mw.config.get('wgUserName') &amp;&amp; !confirm( 'Are you really sure you want to welcome yourself?...' ) ){
		return;
	}

	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 420 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;Welcome user&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Welcoming Committee&quot;, &quot;WP:WC&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#welcome&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.welcome.callback.evaluate );

	form.append({
			type: 'select',
			name: 'type',
			label: 'Type of welcome: ',
			event: Twinkle.welcome.populateWelcomeList,
			list: [
				{ type: 'option', value: 'standard', label: 'Standard welcomes', selected: !mw.util.isIPAddress(mw.config.get('wgTitle')) },
				{ type: 'option', value: 'anonymous', label: 'IP user welcomes', selected: mw.util.isIPAddress(mw.config.get('wgTitle')) },
				{ type: 'option', value: 'wikiProject', label: 'WikiProject welcomes' },
				{ type: 'option', value: 'nonEnglish', label: 'Non-English welcomes' }
			]
		});

	form.append( {
			type: 'div',
			id: 'welcomeWorkArea',
			className: 'morebits-scrollbox'
		} );

	form.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'article',
			label: '* Linked article (if supported by template):',
			value:( Morebits.queryString.exists( 'vanarticle' ) ? Morebits.queryString.get( 'vanarticle' ) : '' ),
			tooltip: 'An article might be linked from within the welcome if the template supports it. Leave empty for no article to be linked.  Templates that support a linked article are marked with an asterisk.'
		} );

	var previewlink = document.createElement( 'a' );
	$(previewlink).click(function(){
		Twinkle.welcome.callbacks.preview(result);  // |result| is defined below
	});
	previewlink.style.cursor = &quot;pointer&quot;;
	previewlink.textContent = 'Preview';
	form.append( { type: 'div', name: 'welcomepreview', label: [ previewlink ] } );

	form.append( { type: 'submit' } );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();

	// initialize the welcome list
	var evt = document.createEvent( &quot;Event&quot; );
	evt.initEvent( 'change', true, true );
	result.type.dispatchEvent( evt );
};

Twinkle.welcome.populateWelcomeList = function(e) {
	var type = e.target.value;

	var container = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: &quot;fragment&quot; });

	if ((type === &quot;standard&quot; || type === &quot;anonymous&quot;) &amp;&amp; Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;customWelcomeList&quot;).length) {
		container.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Custom welcome templates' });
		container.append({
			type: 'radio',
			name: 'template',
			list: Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;customWelcomeList&quot;),
			event: Twinkle.welcome.selectTemplate
		});
	}

	var appendTemplates = function(list) {
		container.append({
			type: 'radio',
			name: 'template',
			list: list.map(function(obj) {
				var properties = Twinkle.welcome.templates[obj];
				var result = (properties ? {
					value: obj,
					label: &quot;{{&quot; + obj + &quot;}}: &quot; + properties.description + (properties.linkedArticle ? &quot;\u00A0*&quot; : &quot;&quot;),  // U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE
					tooltip: properties.tooltip  // may be undefined
				} : {
					value: obj,
					label: &quot;{{&quot; + obj + &quot;}}&quot;
				});
				return result;
			}),
			event: Twinkle.welcome.selectTemplate
		});
	};

	switch (type) {
		case &quot;standard&quot;:
			container.append({ type: 'header', label: 'General welcome templates' });
			appendTemplates([
				&quot;welcome&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-short&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-personal&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-graphical&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-menu&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-screen&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-belated&quot;,
				&quot;welcome student&quot;,
				&quot;welcome teacher&quot;,
				&quot;welcome non-latin&quot;
			]);
			container.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Problem user welcome templates' });
			appendTemplates([
				&quot;welcomelaws&quot;,
				&quot;first article&quot;,
				&quot;welcometest&quot;,
				&quot;welcomevandal&quot;,
				&quot;welcomenpov&quot;,
				&quot;welcomespam&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeunsourced&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeauto&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-COI&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-delete&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-image&quot;
			]);
			break;
		case &quot;anonymous&quot;:
			container.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Anonymous user welcome templates' });
			appendTemplates([
				&quot;welcome-anon&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-anon-test&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-anon-unconstructive&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-anon-constructive&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-anon-delete&quot;
			]);
			break;
		case &quot;wikiProject&quot;:
			container.append({ type: 'header', label: 'WikiProject-specific welcome templates' });
			appendTemplates([
				&quot;welcome-anatomy&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-au&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-bd&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-bio&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-cal&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-conserv&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-cycling&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-dbz&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-et&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-de&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-in&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-math&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-med&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-no&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-pk&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-phys&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-pl&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-roads&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-rugbyunion&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-ru&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-starwars&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-ch&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-uk&quot;,
				&quot;welcome-videogames&quot;,
				&quot;TWA invite&quot;
			]);
			break;
		case &quot;nonEnglish&quot;:
			container.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Non-English welcome templates' });
			appendTemplates([
				&quot;welcomeen-sq&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-ar&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-zh&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-nl&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-fi&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-fr&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-de&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-he&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-ja&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-ko&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-mr&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-ml&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-or&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-pt&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-ru&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-es&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-sv&quot;,
				&quot;welcomeen-uk&quot;
			]);
			break;
		default:
			container.append({ type: 'div', label: 'Twinkle.welcome.populateWelcomeList: something went wrong' });
			break;
	}

	var rendered = container.render();
	$(e.target.form).find(&quot;div#welcomeWorkArea&quot;).empty().append(rendered);

	var firstRadio = e.target.form.template[0];
	firstRadio.checked = true;
	Twinkle.welcome.selectTemplate({ target: firstRadio });
};

Twinkle.welcome.selectTemplate = function(e) {
	var properties = Twinkle.welcome.templates[e.target.values];
	e.target.form.article.disabled = (properties ? !properties.linkedArticle : false);
};


// A list of welcome templates and their properties and syntax

// The four fields that are available are &quot;description&quot;, &quot;linkedArticle&quot;, &quot;syntax&quot;, and &quot;tooltip&quot;.
// The three magic words that can be used in the &quot;syntax&quot; field are:
//   - $USERNAME$  - replaced by the welcomer's username, depending on user's preferences
//   - $ARTICLE$   - replaced by an article name, if &quot;linkedArticle&quot; is true
//   - $HEADER$    - adds a level 2 header (most templates already include this)

Twinkle.welcome.templates = {
	// GENERAL WELCOMES

	&quot;welcome&quot;: {
		description: &quot;standard welcome&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-short&quot;: {
		description: &quot;a shorter welcome message&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-short|$USERNAME$}} $EXTRA$ ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-personal&quot;: {
		description: &quot;more personal welcome, including a plate of cookies&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-personal|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-graphical&quot;: {
		description: &quot;colorful welcome message with table of about 20 links&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;$HEADER$ {{subst:welcome-graphical|$EXTRA$}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-menu&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome message with large table of about 60 links&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-menu}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-screen&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome message with clear, annotated table of 10 links&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;$HEADER$ {{subst:welcome-screen}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-belated&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with more substantial contributions&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-belated|$USERNAME$}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome student&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for students editing as part of an educational class project&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;$HEADER$ {{subst:welcome student|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome teacher&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for course instructors involved in an educational class project&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;$HEADER$ {{subst:welcome teacher|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome non-latin&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with a username containing non-Latin characters&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome non-latin|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},

	// PROBLEM USER WELCOMES

	&quot;welcomelaws&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome with information about copyrights, NPOV, the sandbox, and vandalism&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomelaws|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;first article&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for someone whose first article did not meet page creation guidelines&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:first article|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcometest&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for someone whose initial efforts appear to be tests&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcometest|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomevandal&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for someone whose initial efforts appear to be vandalism&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomevandal|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomenpov&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for someone whose initial efforts do not adhere to the neutral point of view policy&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomenpov|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomespam&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome with additional discussion of anti-spamming policies&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomespam|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeunsourced&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for someone whose initial efforts are unsourced&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeunsourced|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeauto&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for someone who created an autobiographical article&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeauto|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-COI&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for someone who has edited in areas where they may have a conflict of interest&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-COI|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-delete&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for someone who has been removing information from articles&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-delete|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-image&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome with additional information about images (policy and procedure)&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-image|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}}&quot;
	},

	// ANONYMOUS USER WELCOMES

	&quot;welcome-anon&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for anonymous users; encourages creating an account&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-anon|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-anon-test&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for anonymous users who have performed test edits&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-anon-test|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-anon-unconstructive&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for anonymous users who have vandalized or made unhelpful edits&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-anon-unconstructive|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-anon-constructive&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for anonymous users who fight vandalism or edit constructively&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-anon-constructive|art=$ARTICLE$}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-anon-delete&quot;: {
		description: &quot;for anonymous users who have removed content from pages&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-anon-delete|$ARTICLE$|$USERNAME$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},

	// WIKIPROJECT-SPECIFIC WELCOMES

	&quot;welcome-anatomy&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in anatomy topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-anatomy}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-au&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Australia topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-au}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-bd&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Bangladesh topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-bd|$USERNAME$||$EXTRA$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-bio&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in biographical topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-bio}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-cal&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in California topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-cal}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-conserv&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in conservatism topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-conserv}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-cycling&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in cycling topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-cycling}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-dbz&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Dragon Ball topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-dbz|$EXTRA$|sig=~~~~}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-et&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Estonia topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-et}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-de&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Germany topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-de}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-in&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in India topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-in|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-math&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in mathematical topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-math|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-med&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in medicine topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-med|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-no&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Norway topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-no}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-pk&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Pakistan topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-pk|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-phys&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in physics topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-phys|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-pl&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Poland topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-pl}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-rugbyunion&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in rugby union topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-rugbyunion}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-ru&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Russia topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-ru}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-starwars&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Star Wars topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-starwars}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-ch&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Switzerland topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: true,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-ch|$USERNAME$|art=$ARTICLE$}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-uk&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in Ukraine topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-uk}} ~~~~&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-roads&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in roads and highways topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-roads}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcome-videogames&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users with an apparent interest in video game topics&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcome-videogames}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;TWA invite&quot;: {
		description: &quot;invite the user to The Wikipedia Adventure (not a welcome template)&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{WP:TWA/InviteTW|signature=~~~~}}&quot;
	},

	// NON-ENGLISH WELCOMES

	&quot;welcomeen-ar&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Arabic&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-ar}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-sq&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Albanian&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-sq}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-zh&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Chinese&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-zh}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-nl&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Dutch&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-nl}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-fi&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Finnish&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-fi}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-fr&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be French&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-fr}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-de&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be German&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-de}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-he&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Hebrew&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-he}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-ja&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Japanese&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-ja}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-ko&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Korean&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-ko}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-mr&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Marathi&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-mr}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-ml&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Malayalam&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-ml}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-or&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Oriya (Odia)&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-or}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-pt&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Portuguese&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-pt}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-ru&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Russian&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-ru}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-es&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Spanish&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-es}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-sv&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Swedish&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-sv}}&quot;
	},
	&quot;welcomeen-uk&quot;: {
		description: &quot;welcome for users whose first language appears to be Ukrainian&quot;,
		linkedArticle: false,
		syntax: &quot;{{subst:welcomeen-uk}}&quot;
	}
};

Twinkle.welcome.getTemplateWikitext = function(template, article) {
	var properties = Twinkle.welcome.templates[template];
	if (properties) {
		return properties.syntax.
			replace(&quot;$USERNAME$&quot;, Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;insertUsername&quot;) ? mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;) : &quot;&quot;).
			replace(&quot;$ARTICLE$&quot;, article ? article : &quot;&quot;).
			replace(/\$HEADER\$\s*/, &quot;== Welcome ==\n\n&quot;).
			replace(&quot;$EXTRA$&quot;, &quot;&quot;);  // EXTRA is not implemented yet
	} else {
		return &quot;{{subst:&quot; + template + (article ? (&quot;|art=&quot; + article) : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;}}&quot; +
			(Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;customWelcomeSignature&quot;) ? &quot; ~~~~&quot; : &quot;&quot;);
	}
};

Twinkle.welcome.callbacks = {
	preview: function(form) {
		var previewDialog = new Morebits.simpleWindow(750, 400);
		previewDialog.setTitle(&quot;Welcome template preview&quot;);
		previewDialog.setScriptName(&quot;Welcome user&quot;);
		previewDialog.setModality(true);

		var previewdiv = document.createElement(&quot;div&quot;);
		previewdiv.style.marginLeft = previewdiv.style.marginRight = &quot;0.5em&quot;;
		previewdiv.style.fontSize = &quot;small&quot;;
		previewDialog.setContent(previewdiv);

		var previewer = new Morebits.wiki.preview(previewdiv);
		previewer.beginRender(Twinkle.welcome.getTemplateWikitext(form.getChecked(&quot;template&quot;), form.article.value));

		var submit = document.createElement(&quot;input&quot;);
		submit.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;submit&quot;);
		submit.setAttribute(&quot;value&quot;, &quot;Close&quot;);
		previewDialog.addContent(submit);

		previewDialog.display();

		$(submit).click(function() {
			previewDialog.close();
		});
	},
	main: function( pageobj ) {
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		var text = pageobj.getPageText();

		// abort if mode is auto and form is not empty
		if( pageobj.exists() &amp;&amp; params.mode === 'auto' ) {
			Morebits.status.info( 'Warning', 'User talk page not empty; aborting automatic welcome' );
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.event();
			return;
		}

		var welcomeText = Twinkle.welcome.getTemplateWikitext(params.value, params.article);

		if( Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('topWelcomes') ) {
			text = welcomeText + '\n\n' + text;
		} else {
			text += &quot;\n&quot; + welcomeText;
		}

		var summaryText = &quot;Welcome to Wikipedia!&quot;;
		pageobj.setPageText(text);
		pageobj.setEditSummary(summaryText + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
		pageobj.setWatchlist(Twinkle.getFriendlyPref('watchWelcomes'));
		pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
		pageobj.save();
	}
};

Twinkle.welcome.callback.evaluate = function friendlywelcomeCallbackEvaluate(e) {
	var form = e.target;

	var params = {
		value: form.getChecked(&quot;template&quot;),
		article: form.article.value,
		mode: 'manual'
	};

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( form );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Welcoming complete, reloading talk page in a few seconds&quot;;

	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;User talk page modification&quot;);
	wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
	wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.welcome.callbacks.main);
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k3hlnzrnxv8e0kxv04ty6lpjict0yjs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinklexfd.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5643</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32211</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:58:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-20</comment>
      <origin>32211</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="63593" sha1="pc7ou5josd8rnvvmd7cipix2sl9dvqr" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinklexfd.js: XFD module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;XFD&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing, non-special pages, except for file pages with no local (non-Commons) file which are not redirects
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

Twinkle.xfd = function twinklexfd() {
	// Disable on:
	// * special pages
	// * non-existent pages
	// * files on Commons, whether there is a local page or not (unneeded local pages of files on Commons are eligible for CSD F2)
	// * file pages without actual files (these are eligible for CSD G8)
	if ( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') &lt; 0 || !mw.config.get('wgArticleId') || (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; (document.getElementById('mw-sharedupload') || (!document.getElementById('mw-imagepage-section-filehistory') &amp;&amp; !Morebits.wiki.isPageRedirect()))) ) {
		return;
	}
	Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.xfd.callback, &quot;XFD&quot;, &quot;tw-xfd&quot;, &quot;Nominate for deletion&quot; );
};

Twinkle.xfd.num2order = function twinklexfdNum2order( num ) {
	switch( num ) {
	case 1: return '';
	case 2: return '2nd';
	case 3: return '3rd';
	default: return num + 'th';
	}
};

Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = null;

// error callback on Morebits.status.object
Twinkle.xfd.printRationale = function twinklexfdPrintRationale() {
	if (Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale) {
		Morebits.status.printUserText(Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale, &quot;Your deletion rationale is provided below, which you can copy and paste into a new XFD dialog if you wish to try again:&quot;);
		// only need to print the rationale once
		Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = null;
	}
};

Twinkle.xfd.callback = function twinklexfdCallback() {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 350 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;Nominate for deletion (XfD)&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;About deletion discussions&quot;, &quot;WP:XFD&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#xfd&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.xfd.callback.evaluate );
	var categories = form.append( {
			type: 'select',
			name: 'category',
			label: 'Deletion discussion venue:',
			tooltip: 'When activated, a default choice is made, based on what namespace you are in. This default should be the most appropriate',
			event: Twinkle.xfd.callback.change_category
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'AfD (Articles for deletion)',
			selected: mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 0,  // Main namespace
			value: 'afd'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'TfD (Templates for discussion)',
			selected: [ 10, 828 ].indexOf( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') ) !== -1,  // Template and module namespaces
			value: 'tfd'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'FfD (Files for discussion)',
			selected: mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6,  // File namespace
			value: 'ffd'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'CfD (Categories for discussion)',
			selected: mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 14,  // Category namespace
			value: 'cfd'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'CfD/S (Categories for speedy renaming)',
			value: 'cfds'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'MfD (Miscellany for deletion)',
			selected: [ 0, 6, 10, 14, 828 ].indexOf( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') ) === -1,
			value: 'mfd'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'RfD (Redirects for discussion)',
			selected: Morebits.wiki.isPageRedirect(),
			value: 'rfd'
		} );
	form.append( {
			type: 'checkbox',
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Notify page creator if possible',
					value: 'notify',
					name: 'notify',
					tooltip: &quot;A notification template will be placed on the creator's talk page if this is true.&quot;,
					checked: true
				}
			]
		}
	);
	form.append( {
			type: 'field',
			label:'Work area',
			name: 'work_area'
		} );

	var previewlink = document.createElement( 'a' );
	$(previewlink).click(function(){
		Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.preview(result);  // |result| is defined below
	});
	previewlink.style.cursor = &quot;pointer&quot;;
	previewlink.textContent = 'Preview';
	form.append( { type: 'div', id: 'xfdpreview', label: [ previewlink ] } );
	form.append( { type: 'div', id: 'twinklexfd-previewbox', style: 'display: none' } );

	form.append( { type:'submit' } );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();
	result.previewer = new Morebits.wiki.preview($(result).find('div#twinklexfd-previewbox').last()[0]);

	// We must init the controls
	var evt = document.createEvent( &quot;Event&quot; );
	evt.initEvent( 'change', true, true );
	result.category.dispatchEvent( evt );
};

Twinkle.xfd.previousNotify = true;

Twinkle.xfd.callback.change_category = function twinklexfdCallbackChangeCategory(e) {
	var value = e.target.value;
	var form = e.target.form;
	var old_area = Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, &quot;work_area&quot;)[0];
	var work_area = null;

	var oldreasontextbox = form.getElementsByTagName('textarea')[0];
	var oldreason = (oldreasontextbox ? oldreasontextbox.value : '');

	var appendReasonBox = function twinklexfdAppendReasonBox() {
		work_area.append( {
			type: 'textarea',
			name: 'xfdreason',
			label: 'Reason: ',
			value: oldreason,
			tooltip: 'You can use wikimarkup in your reason. Twinkle will automatically sign your post.'
		} );
		// TODO possible future &quot;preview&quot; link here
	};

	form.previewer.closePreview();

	switch( value ) {
	case 'afd':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Articles for deletion',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [
						{
							label: 'Wrap deletion tag with &lt;noinclude&gt;',
							value: 'noinclude',
							name: 'noinclude',
							tooltip: 'Will wrap the deletion tag in &amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt; tags, so that it won\'t transclude. This option is not normally required.'
						}
					]
		} );
		var afd_category = work_area.append( {
				type:'select',
				name:'xfdcat',
				label:'Choose what category this nomination belongs in:'
			} );

		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Unknown', value:'?', selected:true } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Media and music', value:'M' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Organisation, corporation, or product', value:'O' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Biographical', value:'B' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Society topics', value:'S' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Web or internet', value:'W' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Games or sports', value:'G' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Science and technology', value:'T' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Fiction and the arts', value:'F' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Places and transportation', value:'P' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Indiscernible or unclassifiable topic', value:'I' } );
		afd_category.append( { type:'option', label:'Debate not yet sorted', value:'U' } );

		appendReasonBox();
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	case 'tfd':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Templates for discussion',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'div',
				label: 'Stub types and userboxes are not eligible for TfD. Stub types go to CfD, and userboxes go to MfD.'
			} );
		var tfd_category = work_area.append( {
				type: 'select',
				label: 'Choose type of action wanted: ',
				name: 'xfdcat',
				event: function(e) {
					var target = e.target;
					// add/remove extra input box
					if( target.value === 'tfm' &amp;&amp; !target.form.xfdtarget ) { //$(target.parentNode).find(&quot;input[name='xfdtarget']&quot;).length === 0 ) {
						var xfdtarget = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
							name: 'xfdtarget',
							type: 'input',
							label: 'Other template to be merged: '
						} );
						target.parentNode.appendChild(xfdtarget.render());
					} else {
						$(Morebits.quickForm.getElementContainer(target.form.xfdtarget)).remove();
						target.form.xfdtarget = null;
						//$(target.parentNode).find(&quot;input[name='xfdtarget']&quot;).remove();
					}
				}
			} );
		tfd_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Deletion', value: 'tfd', selected: true } );
		tfd_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Merge', value: 'tfm' } );

		var tfd_template_type = work_area.append( {
			type: 'select',
			name: 'templatetype',
			label: 'Deletion tag display style: ',
			tooltip: 'Which &lt;code&gt;type=&lt;/code&gt; parameter to pass to the TfD tag template.'
		} );
		tfd_template_type.append( { type: 'option', value: 'standard', label: 'Standard', selected: true } );
		tfd_template_type.append( { type: 'option', value: 'sidebar', label: 'Sidebar/infobox' } );
		tfd_template_type.append( { type: 'option', value: 'inline', label: 'Inline template' } );
		tfd_template_type.append( { type: 'option', value: 'tiny', label: 'Tiny inline' } );

		work_area.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [
						{
							label: 'Wrap deletion tag with &lt;noinclude&gt; (for substituted templates only)',
							value: 'noinclude',
							name: 'noinclude',
							tooltip: 'Will wrap the deletion tag in &amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt; tags, so that it won\'t get substituted along with the template.'
						}
					]
			} );

		appendReasonBox();
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	case 'mfd':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Miscellany for deletion',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [
						{
							label: 'Wrap deletion tag with &lt;noinclude&gt;',
							value: 'noinclude',
							name: 'noinclude',
							tooltip: 'Will wrap the deletion tag in &amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt; tags, so that it won\'t transclude. Select this option for userboxes.'
						}
					]
		} );
		if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 2 /* User: */ || mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 3 /* User talk: */) {
			work_area.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [
						{
							label: 'Also notify owner of userspace if they are not the page creator',
							value: 'notifyuserspace',
							name: 'notifyuserspace',
							tooltip: 'If the user in whose userspace this page is located, is not the page creator (for example, the page is a rescued article stored as a userspace draft), notify the userspace owner as well.',
							checked: true
						}
					]
			} );
		}
		appendReasonBox();
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	case 'ffd':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Discussion venues for files',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		appendReasonBox();
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	case 'cfd':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Categories for discussion',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		var cfd_category = work_area.append( {
				type: 'select',
				label: 'Choose type of action wanted: ',
				name: 'xfdcat',
				event: function(e) {
					var value = e.target.value;
					var target = e.target.form.xfdtarget;
					// update enabled status
					if( value === 'cfd' ) {
						target.disabled = true;
					} else {
						target.disabled = false;
					}
					// update label
					if( value === 'cfs' ) {
						target.previousSibling.textContent = &quot;Target categories: &quot;;
					} else if( value === 'cfc' ) {
						target.previousSibling.textContent = &quot;Target article: &quot;;
					} else {
						target.previousSibling.textContent = &quot;Target category: &quot;;
					}
					// add/remove extra input box
					if( value === 'cfs' &amp;&amp; $(target.parentNode).find(&quot;input[name='xfdtarget2']&quot;).length === 0 ) {
						var xfdtarget2 = document.createElement(&quot;input&quot;);
						xfdtarget2.setAttribute(&quot;name&quot;, &quot;xfdtarget2&quot;);
						xfdtarget2.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;text&quot;);
						target.parentNode.appendChild(xfdtarget2);
					} else {
						$(target.parentNode).find(&quot;input[name='xfdtarget2']&quot;).remove();
					}
				}
			} );
		cfd_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Deletion', value: 'cfd', selected: true } );
		cfd_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Merge', value: 'cfm' } );
		cfd_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Renaming', value: 'cfr' } );
		cfd_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Split', value: 'cfs' } );
		cfd_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'Convert into article', value: 'cfc' } );

		work_area.append( {
				type: 'input',
				name: 'xfdtarget',
				label: 'Target page: ',
				disabled: true,
				value: ''
			} );
		appendReasonBox();
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	case 'cfds':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Categories for speedy renaming',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		var cfds_category = work_area.append( {
				type: 'select',
				label: 'C2 sub-criterion: ',
				name: 'xfdcat',
				tooltip: 'See WP:CFDS for full explanations.',
				event: function(e) {
					var value = e.target.value;
					var target = e.target.form.xfdtarget;
					if( value === 'cfd' ) {
						target.disabled = true;
					} else {
						target.disabled = false;
					}
				}
			} );
		cfds_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'C2A: Typographic and spelling fixes', value: 'C2A', selected: true } );
		cfds_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'C2B: Naming conventions and disambiguation', value: 'C2B' } );
		cfds_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'C2C: Consistency with names of similar categories', value: 'C2C' } );
		cfds_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'C2D: Rename to match article name', value: 'C2D' } );
		cfds_category.append( { type: 'option', label: 'C2E: Author request', value: 'C2E' } );

		work_area.append( {
				type: 'input',
				name: 'xfdtarget',
				label: 'New name: ',
				value: ''
			} );
		appendReasonBox();
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	case 'rfd':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Redirects for discussion',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		appendReasonBox();
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	default:
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Nothing for anything',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	}

	// No creator notification for CFDS
	if (value === &quot;cfds&quot;) {
		Twinkle.xfd.previousNotify = form.notify.checked;
		form.notify.checked = false;
		form.notify.disabled = true;
	} else {
		form.notify.checked = Twinkle.xfd.previousNotify;
		form.notify.disabled = false;
	}
};

Twinkle.xfd.callbacks = {
	// Currently supports afd, mfd, tfd/tfm, ffd
	getDiscussionWikitext: function(venue, params) {
		var text = &quot;{{subst:&quot; + venue + &quot;2&quot;,
			reasonKey = venue === &quot;ffd&quot; ? &quot;Reason&quot; : &quot;text&quot;;

		if (params.xfdcat) {
			text += &quot;|cat=&quot; + params.xfdcat;
		}

		// Add a reason unconditionally, so that at least a signature is added
		if (params.reason) {
			text += &quot;|&quot; + reasonKey + &quot;=&quot; + Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason) + &quot; ~~~~&quot;;
		} else {
			text += &quot;|&quot; + reasonKey + &quot;=~~~~&quot;;
		}

		if (venue === &quot;tfd&quot; || venue === &quot;tfm&quot; || venue === &quot;ffd&quot;) {
			text += &quot;|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle');
		} else {
			text += &quot;|pg=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm;
		}

		if (params.target) {
			text += &quot;|2=&quot; + params.target;
		}

		if (params.uploader) {
			text += &quot;|Uploader=&quot; + params.uploader;
		}

		text += &quot;}}&quot;;
		return text;
	},
	showPreview: function(form, venue, params) {
		var templatetext = Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.getDiscussionWikitext(venue, params);
		form.previewer.beginRender(templatetext, &quot;Wikipedia:Null&quot;);
	},
	preview: function(form) {
		var venue = form.category.value;

		if (venue !== &quot;afd&quot; &amp;&amp; venue !== &quot;mfd&quot; &amp;&amp; venue !== &quot;tfd&quot; &amp;&amp; venue !== &quot;tfm&quot; &amp;&amp; venue !== &quot;ffd&quot;) {
			alert(&quot;Preview is not yet supported for this discussion venue! :(&quot;);
			return;
		}
		var params = {
			reason: form.xfdreason.value,
		};
		if (form.xfdcat) {
			params.xfdcat = form.xfdcat.value;
		}
		if (form.xfdtarget) {
			params.target = form.xfdtarget.value;
		}
		if (venue === &quot;ffd&quot;) {
			// Fetch the uploader
			var page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'));
			page.lookupCreator(function() {
				params.uploader = page.getCreator();
				Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.showPreview(form, venue, params);
			});
		} else {
			Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.showPreview(form, venue, params);
		}
	},
	afd: {
		main: function(apiobj) {
			var xmlDoc = apiobj.responseXML;
			var titles = $(xmlDoc).find('allpages p');

			// There has been no earlier entries with this prefix, just go on.
			if( titles.length &lt;= 0 ) {
				apiobj.params.numbering = apiobj.params.number = '';
			} else {
				var number = 0;
				for( var i = 0; i &lt; titles.length; ++i ) {
					var title = titles[i].getAttribute('title');

					// First, simple test, is there an instance with this exact name?
					if( title === 'Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/' + Morebits.pageNameNorm ) {
						number = Math.max( number, 1 );
						continue;
					}

					var order_re = new RegExp( '^' +
						RegExp.escape( 'Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/' + Morebits.pageNameNorm, true ) +
						'\\s*\\(\\s*(\\d+)(?:(?:th|nd|rd|st) nom(?:ination)?)?\\s*\\)\\s*$');
					var match = order_re.exec( title );

					// No match; A non-good value
					if( !match ) {
						continue;
					}

					// A match, set number to the max of current
					number = Math.max( number, Number(match[1]) );
				}
				apiobj.params.number = Twinkle.xfd.num2order( parseInt( number, 10 ) + 1);
				apiobj.params.numbering = number &gt; 0 ? ' (' + apiobj.params.number + ' nomination)' : '';
			}
			apiobj.params.discussionpage = 'Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/' + Morebits.pageNameNorm + apiobj.params.numbering;

			Morebits.status.info( &quot;Next discussion page&quot;, &quot;[[&quot; + apiobj.params.discussionpage + &quot;]]&quot; );

			// Updating data for the action completed event
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = apiobj.params.discussionpage;
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Nomination completed, now redirecting to the discussion page&quot;;

			// Tagging article
			var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Adding deletion tag to article&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);  // should never be needed, but if the article is moved, we would want to follow the redirect
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(apiobj.params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.afd.taggingArticle);
		},
		// Tagging needs to happen before everything else: this means we can check if there is an AfD tag already on the page
		taggingArticle: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
			var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

			if (!pageobj.exists()) {
				statelem.error(&quot;It seems that the page doesn't exist; perhaps it has already been deleted&quot;);
				return;
			}

			// Check for existing AfD tag, for the benefit of new page patrollers
			var textNoAfd = text.replace(/\{\{\s*(Article for deletion\/dated|AfDM)\s*(\|(?:\{\{[^{}]*\}\}|[^{}])*)?\}\}\s*/g, &quot;&quot;);
			if (text !== textNoAfd) {
				if (confirm(&quot;An AfD tag was found on this article. Maybe someone beat you to it.  \nClick OK to replace the current AfD tag (not recommended), or Cancel to abandon your nomination.&quot;)) {
					text = textNoAfd;
				} else {
					statelem.error(&quot;Article already tagged with AfD tag, and you chose to abort&quot;);
					window.location.reload();
					return;
				}
			}

			// Now we know we want to go ahead with it, trigger the other AJAX requests

			// Mark the page as patrolled, if wanted
			if (Twinkle.getPref('markXfdPagesAsPatrolled')) {
				pageobj.patrol();
			}

			// Starting discussion page
			var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(params.discussionpage, &quot;Creating article deletion discussion page&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.afd.discussionPage);

			// Today's list
			var date = new Date();
			wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page('Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/' + date.getUTCFullYear() + ' ' +
				date.getUTCMonthName() + ' ' + date.getUTCDate(), &quot;Adding discussion to today's list&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.afd.todaysList);

			// Notification to first contributor
			if (params.usertalk) {
				var thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'));
				thispage.setCallbackParameters(params);
				thispage.lookupCreator(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.afd.userNotification);
			}

			// Remove some tags that should always be removed on AfD.
			text = text.replace(/\{\{\s*(dated prod|dated prod blp|Prod blp\/dated|Proposed deletion\/dated|prod2|Proposed deletion endorsed|New unreviewed article|Unreviewed|Userspace draft)\s*(\|(?:\{\{[^{}]*\}\}|[^{}])*)?\}\}\s*/ig, &quot;&quot;);
			// Then, test if there are speedy deletion-related templates on the article.
			var textNoSd = text.replace(/\{\{\s*(db(-\w*)?|delete|(?:hang|hold)[- ]?on)\s*(\|(?:\{\{[^{}]*\}\}|[^{}])*)?\}\}\s*/ig, &quot;&quot;);
			if (text !== textNoSd &amp;&amp; confirm(&quot;A speedy deletion tag was found on this page. Should it be removed?&quot;)) {
				text = textNoSd;
			}

			pageobj.setPageText((params.noinclude ? &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{&quot; : &quot;{{&quot;) + (params.number === '' ? &quot;subst:afd|help=off&quot; : ('subst:afdx|' +
				params.number + &quot;|help=off&quot;)) + (params.noinclude ? &quot;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;\n&quot; : &quot;}}\n&quot;) + text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Nominated for deletion; see [[:&quot; + params.discussionpage + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchPage')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
			pageobj.save();
		},
		discussionPage: function(pageobj) {
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			pageobj.setPageText(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.getDiscussionWikitext(&quot;afd&quot;, params));
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Creating deletion discussion page for [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchDiscussion')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('createonly');
			pageobj.save(function() {
				Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = null;  // any errors from now on do not need to print the rationale, as it is safely saved on-wiki
			});
		},
		todaysList: function(pageobj) {
			var old_text = pageobj.getPageText() + &quot;\n&quot;;  // MW strips trailing blanks, but we like them, so we add a fake one
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
			var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

			var text = old_text.replace( /(&lt;!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --&gt;\n+)/, &quot;$1{{subst:afd3|pg=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + params.numbering + &quot;}}\n&quot;);
			if( text === old_text ) {
				var linknode = document.createElement('a');
				linknode.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, mw.util.getUrl(&quot;Wikipedia:Twinkle/Fixing AFD&quot;) + &quot;?action=purge&quot; );
				linknode.appendChild(document.createTextNode('How to fix AFD'));
				statelem.error( [ 'Could not find the target spot for the discussion. To fix this problem, please see ', linknode, '.' ] );
				return;
			}
			pageobj.setPageText(text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Adding [[:&quot; + params.discussionpage + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchList')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
			pageobj.save();
		},
		userNotification: function(pageobj) {
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
			var initialContrib = pageobj.getCreator();

			// Disallow warning yourself
			if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgUserName')) {
				pageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);
				return;
			}

			var usertalkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib, &quot;Notifying initial contributor (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;)&quot;);
			var notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:AFDWarning|1=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + ( params.numbering !== '' ? '|order=&amp;#32;' + params.numbering : '' ) + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
			usertalkpage.setAppendText(notifytext);
			usertalkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notification: listing at [[WP:AFD|articles for deletion]] of [[&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			usertalkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchUser')) {
				case 'yes':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			usertalkpage.setFollowRedirect(true);
			usertalkpage.append();
		}
	},


	tfd: {
		taggingTemplate: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			pageobj.setPageText((params.noinclude ? &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;&quot; : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;{{subst:template for discussion|help=off|&quot; +
				(params.tfdtype !== &quot;standard&quot; ? &quot;type=&quot; + params.tfdtype + &quot;|&quot; : &quot;&quot;) + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + (params.noinclude ? &quot;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot; : &quot;}}&quot;) + text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Nominated for deletion; see [[:&quot; + params.logpage + &quot;#&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchPage')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
			pageobj.save();
		},
		taggingTemplateForMerge: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			pageobj.setPageText((params.noinclude ? &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;&quot; : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;{{subst:tfm|help=off|&quot; +
				(params.tfdtype !== &quot;standard&quot; ? &quot;type=&quot; + params.tfdtype + &quot;|&quot; : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;1=&quot; + params.otherTemplateName.replace(/^Template:/, &quot;&quot;) +
				(params.noinclude ? &quot;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot; : &quot;}}\n&quot;) + text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Nominated for merging with [[:&quot; + params.otherTemplateName + &quot;]]; see [[:&quot; +
				params.logpage + &quot;#&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchPage')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
			pageobj.save();
		},
		todaysList: function(pageobj) {
			var old_text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
			var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

			var added_data = Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.getDiscussionWikitext(params.xfdcat, params);

			var text = old_text.replace( '--&gt;', &quot;--&gt;\n&quot; + added_data );
			if( text === old_text ) {
				statelem.error( 'failed to find target spot for the discussion' );
				return;
			}
			pageobj.setPageText(text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Adding [[Template:&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchDiscussion')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
			pageobj.save(function() {
				Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = null;  // any errors from now on do not need to print the rationale, as it is safely saved on-wiki
			});
		},
		userNotification: function(pageobj) {
			var initialContrib = pageobj.getCreator();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			// Disallow warning yourself
			if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgUserName')) {
				pageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);
				return;
			}

			var usertalkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib, &quot;Notifying initial contributor (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;)&quot;);
			var notifytext = &quot;\n&quot;;
			switch (params.xfdcat) {
			case 'tfd':
				notifytext += &quot;{{subst:tfdnotice|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
				break;
			case 'tfm':
				notifytext += &quot;{{subst:tfmnotice|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;|2=&quot; + params.target + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
				break;
			default:
				alert(&quot;twinklexfd in userNotification: unknown TFD action&quot;);
				break;
			}

			usertalkpage.setAppendText(notifytext);
			usertalkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notification: nomination at [[WP:TFD|templates for discussion]] of [[:&quot; + pageobj.getPageName() + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			usertalkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchUser')) {
				case 'yes':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			usertalkpage.setFollowRedirect(true);
			usertalkpage.append();
		}
	},


	mfd: {
		main: function(apiobj) {
			var xmlDoc = apiobj.responseXML;
			var titles = $(xmlDoc).find('allpages p');

			// There has been no earlier entries with this prefix, just go on.
			if( titles.length &lt;= 0 ) {
				apiobj.params.numbering = apiobj.params.number = '';
			} else {
				var number = 0;
				for( var i = 0; i &lt; titles.length; ++i ) {
					var title = titles[i].getAttribute('title');

					// First, simple test, is there an instance with this exact name?
					if( title === 'Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/' + Morebits.pageNameNorm ) {
						number = Math.max( number, 1 );
						continue;
					}

					var order_re = new RegExp( '^' +
							RegExp.escape( 'Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/' + Morebits.pageNameNorm, true ) +
							'\\s*\\(\\s*(\\d+)(?:(?:th|nd|rd|st) nom(?:ination)?)?\\s*\\)\\s*$' );
					var match = order_re.exec( title );

					// No match; A non-good value
					if( !match ) {
						continue;
					}

					// A match, set number to the max of current
					number = Math.max( number, Number(match[1]) );
				}
				apiobj.params.number = Twinkle.xfd.num2order( parseInt( number, 10 ) + 1);
				apiobj.params.numbering = number &gt; 0 ? ' (' + apiobj.params.number + ' nomination)' : '';
			}
			apiobj.params.discussionpage = &quot;Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + apiobj.params.numbering;

			apiobj.statelem.info( &quot;next in order is [[&quot; + apiobj.params.discussionpage + ']]');

			// Tagging page
			var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Tagging page with deletion tag&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);  // should never be needed, but if the page is moved, we would want to follow the redirect
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(apiobj.params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.mfd.taggingPage);

			// Updating data for the action completed event
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = apiobj.params.discussionpage;
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Nomination completed, now redirecting to the discussion page&quot;;

			// Discussion page
			wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(apiobj.params.discussionpage, &quot;Creating deletion discussion page&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(apiobj.params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.mfd.discussionPage);

			// Today's list
			wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(&quot;Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion&quot;, &quot;Adding discussion to today's list&quot;);
			//wikipedia_page.setPageSection(2);
				// pageSection has been disabled - the API seems to throw up with nonexistent edit conflicts
				// it can be turned on again once the problem is fixed, to save bandwidth
			//wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(apiobj.params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.mfd.todaysList);

			// Notification to first contributor, and notification to owner of userspace (if applicable and required)
			if (apiobj.params.usertalk) {
				var thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'));
				thispage.setCallbackParameters(apiobj.params);
				thispage.lookupCreator(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.mfd.userNotification);
			}
		},
		taggingPage: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			pageobj.setPageText((params.noinclude ? &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;&quot; : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;{{&quot; +
				((params.number === '') ? &quot;mfd&quot; : (&quot;mfdx|&quot; + params.number)) + &quot;|help=off}}\n&quot; +
				(params.noinclude ? &quot;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot; : &quot;&quot;) + text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Nominated for deletion; see [[:&quot; + params.discussionpage + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchPage')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
			pageobj.save();
		},
		discussionPage: function(pageobj) {
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			pageobj.setPageText(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.getDiscussionWikitext(&quot;mfd&quot;, params));
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Creating deletion discussion page for [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchDiscussion')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('createonly');
			pageobj.save(function() {
				Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = null;  // any errors from now on do not need to print the rationale, as it is safely saved on-wiki
			});
		},
		todaysList: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
			var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

			var date = new Date();
			var date_header = &quot;===&quot; + date.getUTCMonthName() + ' ' + date.getUTCDate() + ', ' + date.getUTCFullYear() + &quot;===\n&quot;;
			var date_header_regex = new RegExp( &quot;(===\\s*&quot; + date.getUTCMonthName() + '\\s+' + date.getUTCDate() + ',\\s+' + date.getUTCFullYear() + &quot;\\s*===)&quot; );
			var new_data = &quot;{{subst:mfd3|pg=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + params.numbering + &quot;}}&quot;;

			if( date_header_regex.test( text ) ) { // we have a section already
				statelem.info( 'Found today\'s section, proceeding to add new entry' );
				text = text.replace( date_header_regex, &quot;$1\n&quot; + new_data );
			} else { // we need to create a new section
				statelem.info( 'No section for today found, proceeding to create one' );
				text = text.replace(&quot;===&quot;, date_header + new_data + &quot;\n\n===&quot;);
			}

			pageobj.setPageText(text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Adding [[:&quot; + params.discussionpage + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchList')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
			pageobj.save();
		},
		userNotification: function(pageobj) {
			var initialContrib = pageobj.getCreator();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			// Disallow warning yourself
			if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgUserName')) {
				pageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);
			} else {
				// Really notify the creator
				Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.mfd.userNotificationMain(params, initialContrib, &quot;Notifying initial contributor&quot;);
			}

			// Also notify the user who owns the subpage if they are not the creator
			if (params.notifyuserspace) {
				var userspaceOwner = ((mw.config.get('wgTitle').indexOf('/') === -1) ? mw.config.get('wgTitle') : mw.config.get('wgTitle').substring(0, mw.config.get('wgTitle').indexOf('/')));
				if (userspaceOwner !== initialContrib) {
					Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.mfd.userNotificationMain(params, userspaceOwner, &quot;Notifying owner of userspace&quot;);
				}
			}
		},
		userNotificationMain: function(params, initialContrib, actionName)
		{
			var usertalkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib, actionName + &quot; (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;)&quot;);
			var notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:MFDWarning|1=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + ( params.numbering !== '' ? '|order=&amp;#32;' + params.numbering : '' ) + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
			usertalkpage.setAppendText(notifytext);
			usertalkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notification: listing at [[WP:MFD|miscellany for deletion]] of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			usertalkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchUser')) {
				case 'yes':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			usertalkpage.setFollowRedirect(true);
			usertalkpage.append();
		}
	},


	ffd: {
		main: function(pageobj) {
			// this is coming in from lookupCreator...!
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
			var initialContrib = pageobj.getCreator();
			params.uploader = initialContrib;

			// Adding discussion
			var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(params.logpage, &quot;Adding discussion to today's list&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.ffd.todaysList);

			// Notification to first contributor
			if (params.usertalk) {
				// Disallow warning yourself
				if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgUserName')) {
					pageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);
				} else {
					var usertalkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib, &quot;Notifying initial contributor (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;)&quot;);
					var notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:fdw|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;}}&quot;;
					usertalkpage.setAppendText(notifytext);
					usertalkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notification: listing at [[WP:FFD|files for discussion]] of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
					usertalkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
					switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchUser')) {
						case 'yes':
							usertalkpage.setWatchlist(true);
							break;
						case 'no':
							usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
							break;
						default:
							usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
							break;
					}
					usertalkpage.setFollowRedirect(true);
					usertalkpage.append();
				}
			}
		},
		taggingImage: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			text = text.replace(/\{\{(mtc|(copy |move )?to ?commons|move to wikimedia commons|copy to wikimedia commons)[^}]*\}\}/gi, &quot;&quot;);

			pageobj.setPageText(&quot;{{ffd|log=&quot; + params.date + &quot;|help=off}}\n&quot; + text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Listed for discussion at [[:&quot; + params.logpage + &quot;#&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchPage')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');  // it might be possible for a file to exist without a description page
			pageobj.save();
		},
		todaysList: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			// add date header if the log is found to be empty (a bot should do this automatically, but it sometimes breaks down)
			if (!pageobj.exists()) {
				text = &quot;{{subst:Ffd log}}&quot;;
			}

			pageobj.setPageText(text + &quot;\n\n&quot; + Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.getDiscussionWikitext(&quot;ffd&quot;, params));
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Adding [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchDiscussion')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
			pageobj.save(function() {
				Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = null;  // any errors from now on do not need to print the rationale, as it is safely saved on-wiki
			});
		}
	},


	cfd: {
		taggingCategory: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			var added_data = &quot;&quot;;
			var editsummary = &quot;&quot;;
			switch( params.xfdcat ) {
			case 'cfd':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfd}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Category being considered for deletion; see [[:&quot; + params.logpage + &quot;#&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			case 'cfm':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfm|&quot; + params.target + &quot;}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Category being considered for merging; see [[:&quot; + params.logpage + &quot;#&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			case 'cfr':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfr|&quot; + params.target + &quot;}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Category being considered for renaming; see [[:&quot; + params.logpage + &quot;#&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			case 'cfs':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfs|&quot; + params.target + &quot;|&quot; + params.target2 + &quot;}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Category being considered for splitting; see [[:&quot; + params.logpage + &quot;#&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			case 'cfc':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfc|&quot; + params.target + &quot;}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Category being considered for conversion to an article; see [[:&quot; + params.logpage + &quot;#&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			default:
				alert(&quot;twinklexfd in taggingCategory(): unknown CFD action&quot;);
				break;
			}

			pageobj.setPageText(added_data + &quot;\n&quot; + text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(editsummary + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchPage')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');  // since categories can be populated without an actual page at that title
			pageobj.save();
		},
		todaysList: function(pageobj) {
			var old_text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
			var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

			var added_data = &quot;&quot;;
			var editsummary = &quot;&quot;;
			switch( params.xfdcat ) {
			case 'cfd':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfd2|text=&quot; + Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason) +
					&quot; ~~~~|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Added delete nomination of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			case 'cfm':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfm2|text=&quot; + Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason) +
					&quot; ~~~~|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;|2=&quot; + params.target + &quot;}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Added merge nomination of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			case 'cfr':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfr2|text=&quot; + Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason) +
					&quot; ~~~~|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;|2=&quot; + params.target + &quot;}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Added rename nomination of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			case 'cfs':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfs2|text=&quot; + Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason) +
					&quot; ~~~~|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;|2=&quot; + params.target + &quot;|3=&quot; + params.target2 + &quot;}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Added split nomination of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			case 'cfc':
				added_data = &quot;{{subst:cfc2|text=&quot; + Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason) +
					&quot; ~~~~|1=&quot; + mw.config.get('wgTitle') + &quot;|2=&quot; + params.target + &quot;}}&quot;;
				editsummary = &quot;Added convert nomination of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot;;
				break;
			default:
				alert(&quot;twinklexfd in todaysList: unknown CFD action&quot;);
				break;
			}

			var text = old_text.replace( 'below this line --&gt;', &quot;below this line --&gt;\n&quot; + added_data );
			if( text === old_text ) {
				statelem.error( 'failed to find target spot for the discussion' );
				return;
			}

			pageobj.setPageText(text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(editsummary + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchDiscussion')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
			pageobj.save(function() {
				Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = null;  // any errors from now on do not need to print the rationale, as it is safely saved on-wiki
			});
		},
		userNotification: function(pageobj) {
			var initialContrib = pageobj.getCreator();

			// Disallow warning yourself
			if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgUserName')) {
				pageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);
				return;
			}

			var usertalkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib, &quot;Notifying initial contributor (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;)&quot;);
			var notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:cfd-notify|1=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
			usertalkpage.setAppendText(notifytext);
			usertalkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notification: listing at [[WP:CFD|categories for discussion]] of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			usertalkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchUser')) {
				case 'yes':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			usertalkpage.setFollowRedirect(true);
			usertalkpage.append();
		}
	},


	cfds: {
		taggingCategory: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			pageobj.setPageText(&quot;{{subst:cfr-speedy|1=&quot; + params.target + &quot;}}\n&quot; + text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Nominated for speedy renaming; see [[WP:CFDS|Categories for discussion/Speedy]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchPage')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');  // since categories can be populated without an actual page at that title
			pageobj.save();
		},
		addToList: function(pageobj) {
			var old_text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
			var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

			var newcatname = (/^Category:/.test(params.target) ? params.target : (&quot;Category:&quot; + params.target));
			var text = old_text.replace( 'BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;', &quot;BELOW THIS LINE --&gt;\n* [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]] to [[:&quot; +
				newcatname + &quot;]]\u00A0\u2013 &quot; + params.xfdcat + (params.reason ? (&quot;: &quot; + Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason)) : &quot;.&quot;) +
				&quot; ~~~~&quot; );
				// U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE; U+2013 EN RULE
			if( text === old_text ) {
				statelem.error( 'failed to find target spot for the discussion' );
				return;
			}

			pageobj.setPageText(text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Adding [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchDiscussion')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
			pageobj.save(function() {
				Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = null;  // any errors from now on do not need to print the rationale, as it is safely saved on-wiki
			});
		}
	},


	rfd: {
		// This is a callback from an API request, which gets the target of the redirect
		findTargetCallback: function(apiobj) {
			var xmlDoc = apiobj.responseXML;
			var target = $(xmlDoc).find('redirects r').first().attr('to');
			if( !target ) {
				apiobj.statelem.error( &quot;This page is currently not a redirect, aborting&quot; );
				return;
			}
			apiobj.params.target = target;
			Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.rfd.main(apiobj.params);
		},
		main: function(params) {
			var date = new Date();
			params.logpage = 'Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/' + date.getUTCFullYear() + ' ' + date.getUTCMonthName() + ' ' + date.getUTCDate();

			// Tagging redirect
			var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Adding deletion tag to redirect&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(false);
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.rfd.taggingRedirect);

			// Updating data for the action completed event
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = params.logpage;
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Nomination completed, now redirecting to today's log&quot;;

			// Adding discussion
			wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(params.logpage, &quot;Adding discussion to today's log&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.rfd.todaysList);

			// Notifying initial contributor
			if (params.usertalk) {
				var thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'));
				thispage.setCallbackParameters(params);
				thispage.lookupCreator(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.rfd.userNotification);
			}
		},
		taggingRedirect: function(pageobj) {
			var text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

			pageobj.setPageText(&quot;{{subst:rfd|content=\n&quot; + text + &quot;\n}}&quot;);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Listed for discussion at [[:&quot; + params.logpage + &quot;#&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchPage')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
			pageobj.save();
		},
		todaysList: function(pageobj) {
			var old_text = pageobj.getPageText();
			var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
			var statelem = pageobj.getStatusElement();

			var text = old_text.replace( /(&lt;!-- Add new entries directly below this line\.? --&gt;)/, &quot;$1\n{{subst:rfd2|text=&quot; +
				Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason) + &quot;|redirect=&quot;+ Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;|target=&quot; +
				params.target + &quot;}} ~~~~\n&quot; );
			if( text === old_text ) {
				statelem.error( 'failed to find target spot for the discussion' );
				return;
			}

			pageobj.setPageText(text);
			pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Adding [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchDiscussion')) {
				case 'yes':
					pageobj.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					pageobj.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			pageobj.setCreateOption('recreate');
			pageobj.save(function() {
				Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = null;  // any errors from now on do not need to print the rationale, as it is safely saved on-wiki
			});
		},
		userNotification: function(pageobj) {
			var initialContrib = pageobj.getCreator();

			// Disallow warning yourself
			if (initialContrib === mw.config.get('wgUserName')) {
				pageobj.getStatusElement().warn(&quot;You (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;) created this page; skipping user notification&quot;);
				return;
			}

			var usertalkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page('User talk:' + initialContrib, &quot;Notifying initial contributor (&quot; + initialContrib + &quot;)&quot;);
			var notifytext = &quot;\n{{subst:RFDNote|1=&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
			usertalkpage.setAppendText(notifytext);
			usertalkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notification: listing at [[WP:RFD|redirects for discussion]] of [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd'));
			usertalkpage.setCreateOption('recreate');
			switch (Twinkle.getPref('xfdWatchUser')) {
				case 'yes':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlist(true);
					break;
				case 'no':
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(false);
					break;
				default:
					usertalkpage.setWatchlistFromPreferences(true);
					break;
			}
			usertalkpage.setFollowRedirect(true);
			usertalkpage.append();
		}
	}
};


Twinkle.xfd.callback.evaluate = function(e) {
	var type = e.target.category.value;
	var usertalk = e.target.notify.checked;
	var reason = e.target.xfdreason.value;
	var xfdcat, xfdtarget, xfdtarget2, noinclude, tfdtype, notifyuserspace;
	if( type === &quot;afd&quot; || type === &quot;cfd&quot; || type === &quot;cfds&quot; || type === &quot;tfd&quot; ) {
		xfdcat = e.target.xfdcat.value;
	}
	if( type === &quot;cfd&quot; || type === &quot;cfds&quot; ) {
		xfdtarget = e.target.xfdtarget.value;
		if (e.target.xfdtarget2) {
			xfdtarget2 = e.target.xfdtarget2.value;
		}
	}
	if( type === &quot;afd&quot; || type === &quot;mfd&quot; || type === &quot;tfd&quot; ) {
		noinclude = e.target.noinclude.checked;
	}
	if( type === 'tfd' ) {
		if (e.target.xfdtarget) {
			xfdtarget = e.target.xfdtarget.value;
		}
		tfdtype = e.target.templatetype.value;
	}
	if( type === 'mfd' ) {
		notifyuserspace = e.target.notifyuserspace &amp;&amp; e.target.notifyuserspace.checked;
	}

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( e.target );

	Twinkle.xfd.currentRationale = reason;
	Morebits.status.onError(Twinkle.xfd.printRationale);

	if( !type ) {
		Morebits.status.error( 'Error', 'no action given' );
		return;
	}

	var query, wikipedia_page, wikipedia_api, logpage, params;
	var date = new Date();
	switch( type ) {

	case 'afd': // AFD
		query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'list': 'allpages',
			'apprefix': 'Articles for deletion/' + Morebits.pageNameNorm,
			'apnamespace': 4,
			'apfilterredir': 'nonredirects',
			'aplimit': Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ? 5000 : 500
		};
		wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Tagging article with deletion tag', query, Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.afd.main );
		wikipedia_api.params = { usertalk:usertalk, reason:reason, noinclude:noinclude, xfdcat:xfdcat };
		wikipedia_api.post();
		break;

	case 'tfd': // TFD
		Morebits.wiki.addCheckpoint();

		if (xfdtarget) {
			xfdtarget = Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(xfdtarget.replace(/^:?Template:/i, ''));
		} else {
			xfdtarget = '';
		}

		logpage = 'Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/' + date.getUTCFullYear() + ' ' + date.getUTCMonthName() + ' ' + date.getUTCDate();

		params = { tfdtype: tfdtype, logpage: logpage, noinclude: noinclude, xfdcat: xfdcat, target: xfdtarget, reason: reason };

		// Tagging template(s)
		if (xfdcat === &quot;tfm&quot;) {
			// Tag this template
			wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Tagging this template with merge tag&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
			params.otherTemplateName = &quot;Template:&quot; + xfdtarget;
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.tfd.taggingTemplateForMerge);

			// Tag other template
			wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(&quot;Template:&quot; + xfdtarget, &quot;Tagging other template with merge tag&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
			params = $.extend(params);
			params.otherTemplateName = Morebits.pageNameNorm;
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.tfd.taggingTemplateForMerge);
		} else {
			wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Tagging template with deletion tag&quot;);
			wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);  // should never be needed, but if the page is moved, we would want to follow the redirect
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.tfd.taggingTemplate);
		}

		// Updating data for the action completed event
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = logpage;
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Nomination completed, now redirecting to today's log&quot;;

		// Adding discussion
		wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(logpage, &quot;Adding discussion to today's log&quot;);
		wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
		wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.tfd.todaysList);

		// Notification to first contributor
		if (usertalk) {
			var thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'));
			thispage.setCallbackParameters(params);
			thispage.lookupCreator(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.tfd.userNotification);

			// Nice try, but what if the two page creators are the same user?
			// Also, other XFD types don't do this... yet!
			//if (xfdcat === &quot;tfm&quot;) {
			//	thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(&quot;Template:&quot; + xfdtarget);
			//	thispage.setCallbackParameters(params);
			//	thispage.lookupCreator(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.tfd.userNotification);
			//}
		}

		Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint();
		break;

	case 'mfd': // MFD
		query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'list': 'allpages',
			'apprefix': 'Miscellany for deletion/' + Morebits.pageNameNorm,
			'apnamespace': 4,
			'apfilterredir': 'nonredirects',
			'aplimit': Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ? 5000 : 500
		};
		wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( &quot;Looking for prior nominations of this page&quot;, query, Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.mfd.main );
		wikipedia_api.params = { usertalk: usertalk, notifyuserspace: notifyuserspace, reason: reason, noinclude: noinclude, xfdcat: xfdcat };
		wikipedia_api.post();
		break;

	case 'ffd': // FFD
		var dateString = date.getUTCFullYear() + ' ' + date.getUTCMonthName() + ' ' + date.getUTCDate();
		logpage = 'Wikipedia:Files for discussion/' + dateString;
		params = { usertalk: usertalk, reason: reason, date: dateString, logpage: logpage };

		Morebits.wiki.addCheckpoint();

		// Updating data for the action completed event
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = logpage;
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Nomination completed, now redirecting to the discussion page&quot;;

		// Tagging file
		wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Adding deletion tag to file page&quot;);
		wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
		wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.ffd.taggingImage);

		// Contributor specific edits
		wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'));
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
		wikipedia_page.lookupCreator(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.ffd.main);

		Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint();
		break;

	case 'cfd':
		Morebits.wiki.addCheckpoint();

		if( xfdtarget ) {
			xfdtarget = xfdtarget.replace( /^:?Category:/i, '' );
		} else {
			xfdtarget = '';
		}

		if( xfdtarget2 ) {
			xfdtarget2 = xfdtarget2.replace( /^:?Category:/i, '' );
		}

		logpage = 'Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/' + date.getUTCFullYear() + ' ' + date.getUTCMonthName() + ' ' + date.getUTCDate();

		params = { reason: reason, xfdcat: xfdcat, target: xfdtarget, target2: xfdtarget2, logpage: logpage };

		// Updating data for the action completed event
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = logpage;
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Nomination completed, now redirecting to today's log&quot;;

		// Tagging category
		wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Tagging category with deletion tag&quot;);
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
		wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.cfd.taggingCategory);

		// Adding discussion to list
		wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(logpage, &quot;Adding discussion to today's list&quot;);
		//wikipedia_page.setPageSection(2);
			// pageSection has been disabled - the API seems to throw up with nonexistent edit conflicts
			// it can be turned on again once the problem is fixed, to save bandwidth
		//wikipedia_page.setFollowRedirect(true);
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
		wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.cfd.todaysList);

		// Notification to first contributor
		if (usertalk) {
			wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'));
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.lookupCreator(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.cfd.userNotification);
		}

		Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint();
		break;

	case 'cfds':
		xfdtarget = xfdtarget.replace( /^:?Category:/, '' );

		logpage = &quot;Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy&quot;;
		params = { reason: reason, xfdcat: xfdcat, target: xfdtarget };

		// Updating data for the action completed event
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = logpage;
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Nomination completed, now redirecting to the discussion page&quot;;

		// Tagging category
		wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Tagging category with rename tag&quot;);
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
		wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.cfds.taggingCategory);

		// Adding discussion to list
		wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(logpage, &quot;Adding discussion to the list&quot;);
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
		wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.cfds.addToList);

		break;

	case 'rfd':
		params = { usertalk: usertalk, reason: reason };
		if (document.getElementById(&quot;softredirect&quot;)) {
			// For soft redirects, skip straight to the callback
			params.target = document.getElementById(&quot;softredirect&quot;).textContent.replace(/^:+/, &quot;&quot;);
			Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.rfd.main(params);
		} else {
			// Find current target of redirect
			query = {
				'action': 'query',
				'titles': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
				'redirects': true
			};
			wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( &quot;Finding target of redirect&quot;, query, Twinkle.xfd.callbacks.rfd.findTargetCallback );
			wikipedia_api.params = params;
			wikipedia_api.post();
		}
		break;
	default:
		alert(&quot;twinklexfd: unknown XFD discussion venue&quot;);
		break;
	}
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pc7ou5josd8rnvvmd7cipix2sl9dvqr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinklebatchdelete.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5644</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32212</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T18:59:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-21</comment>
      <origin>32212</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="16221" sha1="34a447jlduvmag72uegs5dhommtju5j" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinklebatchdelete.js: Batch delete module (sysops only)
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;D-batch&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing non-articles, and Special:PrefixIndex
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

Twinkle.batchdelete = function twinklebatchdelete() {
	if(
		Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) &amp;&amp; (
			( mw.config.get( 'wgCurRevisionId' ) &amp;&amp; mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) &gt; 0 ) ||
			mw.config.get( 'wgCanonicalSpecialPageName' ) === 'Prefixindex'
		)
	) {
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.batchdelete.callback, &quot;D-batch&quot;, &quot;tw-batch&quot;, &quot;Delete pages found in this category/on this page&quot; );
	}
};

Twinkle.batchdelete.unlinkCache = {};
Twinkle.batchdelete.callback = function twinklebatchdeleteCallback() {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 400 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;Batch deletion&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#batchdelete&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.batchdelete.callback.evaluate );
	form.append( {
			type: 'checkbox',
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Delete pages',
					name: 'delete_page',
					value: 'delete',
					checked: true,
					subgroup: {
						type: 'checkbox',
						list: [
							{
								label: 'Delete associated talk pages (except user talk pages)',
								name: 'delete_talk',
								value: 'delete_talk',
								checked: true
							},
							{
								label: 'Delete redirects to deleted pages',
								name: 'delete_redirects',
								value: 'delete_redirects',
								checked: true
							}
						]
					}
				},
				{
					label: 'Unlink backlinks to each page (in Main and Portal namespaces only)',
					name: 'unlink_page',
					value: 'unlink',
					checked: false
				},
				{
					label: 'Remove usages of each file (in all namespaces)',
					name: 'unlink_file',
					value: 'unlink_file',
					checked: true
				}
			]
		} );
	form.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'reason',
			label: 'Reason: ',
			size: 60
		} );

	var query = {
		'action': 'query',
		'prop': 'revisions|info|imageinfo',
		'inprop': 'protection',
		'rvprop': 'size|user'
	};
	if( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) === 14 ) {  // Category:
		query.generator = 'categorymembers';
		query.gcmtitle = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
		query.gcmlimit = Twinkle.getPref('batchMax'); // the max for sysops
	} else if( mw.config.get( 'wgCanonicalSpecialPageName' ) === 'Prefixindex' ) {

		query.generator = 'allpages';
		query.gaplimit = Twinkle.getPref('batchMax'); // the max for sysops
		if(Morebits.queryString.exists( 'prefix' ) )
		{
			query.gapnamespace = Morebits.queryString.get( 'namespace' );
			query.gapprefix = Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar( Morebits.queryString.get( 'prefix' ) );
		}
		else
		{
			var pathSplit = decodeURIComponent(location.pathname).split('/');
			if (pathSplit.length &lt; 3 || pathSplit[2] !== &quot;Special:PrefixIndex&quot;) {
				return;
			}
			var titleSplit = pathSplit[3].split(':');
			query.gapnamespace = mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;)[titleSplit[0].toLowerCase()];
			if ( titleSplit.length &lt; 2 || typeof query.gapnamespace === 'undefined' )
			{
				query.gapnamespace = 0;  // article namespace
				query.gapprefix = pathSplit.splice(3).join('/');
			}
			else
			{
				pathSplit = pathSplit.splice(4);
				pathSplit.splice(0,0,titleSplit.splice(1).join(':'));
				query.gapprefix = pathSplit.join('/');
			}
		}
	} else {
		query.generator = 'links';
		query.titles = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
		query.gpllimit = Twinkle.getPref('batchMax'); // the max for sysops
	}

	var statusdiv = document.createElement( 'div' );
	statusdiv.style.padding = '15px';  // just so it doesn't look broken
	Window.setContent(statusdiv);
	Morebits.status.init(statusdiv);
	Window.display();

	var statelem = new Morebits.status(&quot;Grabbing list of pages&quot;);
	var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'loading...', query, function( apiobj ) {
			var xml = apiobj.responseXML;
			var $pages = $(xml).find('page').filter(':not([missing])');  // :not([imagerepository=&quot;shared&quot;])
			var list = [];
			$pages.each(function(index, page) {
				var $page = $(page);
				var ns = $page.attr('ns');
				var title = $page.attr('title');
				var isRedir = $page.attr('redirect') === &quot;&quot;;
				var $editprot = $page.find('pr[type=&quot;edit&quot;][level=&quot;sysop&quot;]');
				var isProtected = $editprot.length &gt; 0;
				var size = $page.find('rev').attr('size');

				var metadata = [];
				if (isRedir) {
					metadata.push(&quot;redirect&quot;);
				}
				if (isProtected) {
					metadata.push(&quot;fully protected&quot; +
						($editprot.attr('expiry') === 'infinity' ? ' indefinitely' : (', expires ' + $editprot.attr('expiry'))));
				}
				if (ns === &quot;6&quot;) {  // mimic what delimages used to show for files
					metadata.push(&quot;uploader: &quot; + $page.find('ii').attr('user'));
					metadata.push(&quot;last edit from: &quot; + $page.find('rev').attr('user'));
				} else {
					metadata.push(size + &quot; bytes&quot;);
				}
				list.push({
					label: title + (metadata.length ? (' (' + metadata.join('; ') + ')') : ''),
					value: title,
					checked: true,
					style: (isProtected ? 'color:red' : '')
				});
			});

			apiobj.params.form.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Pages to delete' });
			apiobj.params.form.append({
					type: 'button',
					label: &quot;Select All&quot;,
					event: function(e) {
						$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, &quot;pages&quot;)).prop('checked', true);
					}
				});
			apiobj.params.form.append({
					type: 'button',
					label: &quot;Deselect All&quot;,
					event: function(e) {
						$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, &quot;pages&quot;)).prop('checked', false);
					}
				});
			apiobj.params.form.append( {
					type: 'checkbox',
					name: 'pages',
					list: list
				} );
			apiobj.params.form.append( { type:'submit' } );

			var result = apiobj.params.form.render();
			apiobj.params.Window.setContent( result );

			Morebits.checkboxShiftClickSupport(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(result, 'pages'));
		}, statelem );

	wikipedia_api.params = { form:form, Window:Window };
	wikipedia_api.post();
};

Twinkle.batchdelete.callback.evaluate = function twinklebatchdeleteCallbackEvaluate(event) {
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = 'Status';
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.postfix = 'batch deletion is now complete';

	var numProtected = $(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(event.target, 'pages')).filter(function(index, element) {
		return element.checked &amp;&amp; element.nextElementSibling.style.color === 'red';
	}).length;
	if (numProtected &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; !confirm(&quot;You are about to delete &quot; + numProtected + &quot; fully protected page(s). Are you sure?&quot;)) {
		return;
	}

	var pages = event.target.getChecked( 'pages' );
	var reason = event.target.reason.value;
	var delete_page = event.target.delete_page.checked;
	var delete_talk = event.target.delete_talk &amp;&amp; event.target.delete_talk.checked;
	var delete_redirects = event.target.delete_redirects &amp;&amp; event.target.delete_redirects.checked;
	var unlink_page = event.target.unlink_page.checked;
	var unlink_file = event.target.unlink_file.checked;
	if( ! reason ) {
		alert(&quot;You need to give a reason, you cabal crony!&quot;);
		return;
	}
	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( event.target );
	if( !pages ) {
		Morebits.status.error( 'Error', 'nothing to delete, aborting' );
		return;
	}

	var pageDeleter = new Morebits.batchOperation(delete_page ? &quot;Deleting pages&quot; : &quot;Initiating requested tasks&quot;);
	pageDeleter.setOption(&quot;chunkSize&quot;, Twinkle.getPref('batchdeleteChunks'));
	// we only need the initial status lines if we're deleting the pages in the pages array
	pageDeleter.setOption(&quot;preserveIndividualStatusLines&quot;, delete_page);
	pageDeleter.setPageList(pages);
	pageDeleter.run(function(pageName) {
		var params = {
			page: pageName,
			delete_page: delete_page,
			delete_talk: delete_talk,
			delete_redirects: delete_redirects,
			unlink_page: unlink_page,
			unlink_file: unlink_file &amp;&amp; /^(File|Image)\:/i.test(pageName),
			reason: reason,
			pageDeleter: pageDeleter
		};

		var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page( pageName, 'Deleting page ' + pageName );
		wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
		if( delete_page ) {
			wikipedia_page.setEditSummary(reason + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
			wikipedia_page.suppressProtectWarning();
			wikipedia_page.deletePage(Twinkle.batchdelete.callbacks.doExtras, pageDeleter.workerFailure);
		} else {
			Twinkle.batchdelete.callbacks.doExtras(wikipedia_page);
		}
	});
};

Twinkle.batchdelete.callbacks = {
	// this stupid parameter name is a temporary thing until I implement an overhaul
	// of Morebits.wiki.* callback parameters
	doExtras: function( thingWithParameters ) {
		var params = thingWithParameters.parent ? thingWithParameters.parent.getCallbackParameters() :
			thingWithParameters.getCallbackParameters();
		// the initial batch operation's job is to delete the page, and that has
		// succeeded by now
		params.pageDeleter.workerSuccess(thingWithParameters);

		var query, wikipedia_api;

		if( params.unlink_page ) {
			Twinkle.batchdelete.unlinkCache = {};
			query = {
				'action': 'query',
				'list': 'backlinks',
				'blfilterredir': 'nonredirects',
				'blnamespace': [0, 100], // main space and portal space only
				'bltitle': params.page,
				'bllimit': 5000  // 500 is max for normal users, 5000 for bots and sysops
			};
			wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Grabbing backlinks', query, Twinkle.batchdelete.callbacks.unlinkBacklinksMain );
			wikipedia_api.params = params;
			wikipedia_api.post();
		}

		if( params.unlink_file ) {
			query = {
				'action': 'query',
				'list': 'imageusage',
				'iutitle': params.page,
				'iulimit': 5000  // 500 is max for normal users, 5000 for bots and sysops
			};
			wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Grabbing file links', query, Twinkle.batchdelete.callbacks.unlinkImageInstancesMain );
			wikipedia_api.params = params;
			wikipedia_api.post();
		}

		if( params.delete_page ) {
			if ( params.delete_redirects ) {
				query = {
					'action': 'query',
					'titles': params.page,
					'prop': 'redirects',
					'rdlimit': 5000  // 500 is max for normal users, 5000 for bots and sysops
				};
				wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Grabbing redirects', query, Twinkle.batchdelete.callbacks.deleteRedirectsMain );
				wikipedia_api.params = params;
				wikipedia_api.post();
			}
			if ( params.delete_talk ) {
				var pageTitle = mw.Title.newFromText(params.page);
				if (pageTitle &amp;&amp; pageTitle.namespace % 2 === 0 &amp;&amp; pageTitle.namespace !== 2) {
					pageTitle.namespace++;  // now pageTitle is the talk page title!
					query = {
						'action': 'query',
						'titles': pageTitle.toText()
					};
					wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Checking whether talk page exists', query, Twinkle.batchdelete.callbacks.deleteTalk );
					wikipedia_api.params = params;
					wikipedia_api.params.talkPage = pageTitle.toText();
					wikipedia_api.post();
				}
			}
		}
	},
	deleteRedirectsMain: function( apiobj ) {
		var xml = apiobj.responseXML;
		var pages = $(xml).find('rd').map(function() { return $(this).attr('title'); }).get();
		if (!pages.length) {
			return;
		}

		var redirectDeleter = new Morebits.batchOperation(&quot;Deleting redirects to &quot; + apiobj.params.page);
		redirectDeleter.setOption(&quot;chunkSize&quot;, Twinkle.getPref('batchdeleteChunks'));
		redirectDeleter.setPageList(pages);
		redirectDeleter.run(function(pageName) {
			var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(pageName, &quot;Deleting &quot; + pageName);
			wikipedia_page.setEditSummary('[[WP:CSD#G8|G8]]: Redirect to deleted page &quot;' + apiobj.params.page + '&quot;' + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
			wikipedia_page.deletePage(redirectDeleter.workerSuccess, redirectDeleter.workerFailure);
		});
	},
	deleteTalk: function( apiobj ) {
		var xml = apiobj.responseXML;
		var exists = $(xml).find('page:not([missing])').length &gt; 0;

		if( !exists ) {
			// no talk page; forget about it
			return;
		}

		var page = new Morebits.wiki.page(apiobj.params.talkPage, &quot;Deleting talk page of article &quot; + apiobj.params.page);
		page.setEditSummary(&quot;[[WP:CSD#G8|G8]]: [[Help:Talk page|Talk page]] of deleted page \&quot;&quot; + apiobj.params.page + &quot;\&quot;&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
		page.deletePage();
	},
	unlinkBacklinksMain: function( apiobj ) {
		var xml = apiobj.responseXML;
		var pages = $(xml).find('bl').map(function() { return $(this).attr('title'); }).get();
		if (!pages.length) {
			return;
		}

		var unlinker = new Morebits.batchOperation(&quot;Unlinking backlinks to &quot; + apiobj.params.page);
		unlinker.setOption(&quot;chunkSize&quot;, Twinkle.getPref('batchdeleteChunks'));
		unlinker.setPageList(pages);
		unlinker.run(function(pageName) {
			var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(pageName, &quot;Unlinking on &quot; + pageName);
			var params = $.extend({}, apiobj.params);
			params.title = pageName;
			params.unlinker = unlinker;
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.batchdelete.callbacks.unlinkBacklinks);
		});
	},
	unlinkBacklinks: function( pageobj ) {
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		if( ! pageobj.exists() ) {
			// we probably just deleted it, as a recursive backlink
			params.unlinker.workerSuccess(pageobj);
			return;
		}

		var text;
		if( params.title in Twinkle.batchdelete.unlinkCache ) {
			text = Twinkle.batchdelete.unlinkCache[ params.title ];
		} else {
			text = pageobj.getPageText();
		}
		var old_text = text;
		var wikiPage = new Morebits.wikitext.page( text );
		wikiPage.removeLink( params.page );

		text = wikiPage.getText();
		Twinkle.batchdelete.unlinkCache[ params.title ] = text;
		if( text === old_text ) {
			// Nothing to do, return
			params.unlinker.workerSuccess(pageobj);
			return;
		}
		pageobj.setEditSummary('Removing link(s) to deleted page ' + params.page + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
		pageobj.setPageText(text);
		pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
		pageobj.setMaxConflictRetries(10);
		pageobj.save(params.unlinker.workerSuccess, params.unlinker.workerFailure);
	},
	unlinkImageInstancesMain: function( apiobj ) {
		var xml = apiobj.responseXML;
		var pages = $(xml).find('iu').map(function() { return $(this).attr('title'); }).get();
		if (!pages.length) {
			return;
		}

		var unlinker = new Morebits.batchOperation(&quot;Unlinking backlinks to &quot; + apiobj.params.page);
		unlinker.setOption(&quot;chunkSize&quot;, Twinkle.getPref('batchdeleteChunks'));
		unlinker.setPageList(pages);
		unlinker.run(function(pageName) {
			var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(pageName, &quot;Removing file usages on &quot; + pageName);
			var params = $.extend({}, apiobj.params);
			params.title = pageName;
			params.unlinker = unlinker;
			wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(params);
			wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.batchdelete.callbacks.unlinkImageInstances);
		});
	},
	unlinkImageInstances: function( pageobj ) {
		var params = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
		if( ! pageobj.exists() ) {
			// we probably just deleted it, as a recursive backlink
			params.unlinker.workerSuccess(pageobj);
			return;
		}

		var image = params.image.replace( /^(?:Image|File):/, '' );
		var text;
		if( params.title in Twinkle.batchdelete.unlinkCache ) {
			text = Twinkle.batchdelete.unlinkCache[ params.title ];
		} else {
			text = pageobj.getPageText();
		}
		var old_text = text;
		var wikiPage = new Morebits.wikitext.page( text );
		wikiPage.commentOutImage( image , 'Commented out because image was deleted' );

		text = wikiPage.getText();
		Twinkle.batchdelete.unlinkCache[ params.title ] = text;
		if( text === old_text ) {
			pageobj.getStatusElement().error( 'failed to unlink image ' + image + ' from ' + pageobj.getPageName() );
			params.unlinker.workerFailure(pageobj);
			return;
		}
		pageobj.setEditSummary('Removing instance of file ' + image + &quot; that has been deleted because \&quot;&quot; + params.reason + &quot;\&quot;)&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('deletionSummaryAd'));
		pageobj.setPageText(text);
		pageobj.setCreateOption('nocreate');
		pageobj.setMaxConflictRetries(10);
		pageobj.save(params.unlinker.workerSuccess, params.unlinker.workerFailure);
	}
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>34a447jlduvmag72uegs5dhommtju5j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinklebatchprotect.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5645</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32213</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T19:00:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-22</comment>
      <origin>32213</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="13446" sha1="rdmgpn73z5lmsjywt8suxokjm5yi1rq" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinklebatchprotect.js: Batch protect module (sysops only)
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;P-batch&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing project pages and user pages; existing and
 *                         non-existing categories; Special:PrefixIndex
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */


Twinkle.batchprotect = function twinklebatchprotect() {
	if( Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) &amp;&amp; ((mw.config.get( 'wgArticleId' ) &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; (mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) === 2 ||
		mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) === 4)) || mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) === 14 ||
		mw.config.get( 'wgCanonicalSpecialPageName' ) === 'Prefixindex') ) {
		Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.batchprotect.callback, &quot;P-batch&quot;, &quot;tw-pbatch&quot;, &quot;Protect pages linked from this page&quot; );
	}
};

Twinkle.batchprotect.unlinkCache = {};
Twinkle.batchprotect.callback = function twinklebatchprotectCallback() {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 400 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;Batch protection&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	//Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Protection templates&quot;, &quot;Template:Protection templates&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Protection policy&quot;, &quot;WP:PROT&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#protect&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.batchprotect.callback.evaluate );
	form.append({
			type: 'checkbox',
			name: 'editmodify',
			event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.editmodify,
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Modify edit protection',
					value: 'editmodify',
					tooltip: 'Only for existing pages.',
					checked: true
				}
			]
		});
	var editlevel = form.append({
			type: 'select',
			name: 'editlevel',
			label: 'Edit protection:',
			event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.editlevel
		});
	editlevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'All',
			value: 'all'
		});
	editlevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Autoconfirmed',
			value: 'autoconfirmed'
		});
	editlevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Template editor',
			value: 'templateeditor'
		});
	editlevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Sysop',
			value: 'sysop',
			selected: true
		});
	form.append({
			type: 'select',
			name: 'editexpiry',
			label: 'Expires:',
			event: function(e) {
				if (e.target.value === 'custom') {
					Twinkle.protect.doCustomExpiry(e.target);
				}
			},
			list: [
				{ label: '1 hour', value: '1 hour' },
				{ label: '2 hours', value: '2 hours' },
				{ label: '3 hours', value: '3 hours' },
				{ label: '6 hours', value: '6 hours' },
				{ label: '12 hours', value: '12 hours' },
				{ label: '1 day', value: '1 day' },
				{ label: '2 days', selected: true, value: '2 days' },
				{ label: '3 days', value: '3 days' },
				{ label: '4 days', value: '4 days' },
				{ label: '1 week', value: '1 week' },
				{ label: '2 weeks', value: '2 weeks' },
				{ label: '1 month', value: '1 month' },
				{ label: '2 months', value: '2 months' },
				{ label: '3 months', value: '3 months' },
				{ label: '1 year', value: '1 year' },
				{ label: 'indefinite', value:'indefinite' },
				{ label: 'Custom...', value: 'custom' }
			]
		});

	form.append({
			type: 'checkbox',
			name: 'movemodify',
			event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.movemodify,
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Modify move protection',
					value: 'movemodify',
					tooltip: 'Only for existing pages.',
					checked: true
				}
			]
		});
	var movelevel = form.append({
			type: 'select',
			name: 'movelevel',
			label: 'Move protection:',
			event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.movelevel
		});
	movelevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'All',
			value: 'all'
		});
	movelevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Autoconfirmed',
			value: 'autoconfirmed'
		});
	movelevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Template editor',
			value: 'templateeditor'
		});
	movelevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Sysop',
			value: 'sysop',
			selected: true
		});
	form.append({
			type: 'select',
			name: 'moveexpiry',
			label: 'Expires:',
			event: function(e) {
				if (e.target.value === 'custom') {
					Twinkle.protect.doCustomExpiry(e.target);
				}
			},
			list: [
				{ label: '1 hour', value: '1 hour' },
				{ label: '2 hours', value: '2 hours' },
				{ label: '3 hours', value: '3 hours' },
				{ label: '6 hours', value: '6 hours' },
				{ label: '12 hours', value: '12 hours' },
				{ label: '1 day', value: '1 day' },
				{ label: '2 days', selected: true, value: '2 days' },
				{ label: '3 days', value: '3 days' },
				{ label: '4 days', value: '4 days' },
				{ label: '1 week', value: '1 week' },
				{ label: '2 weeks', value: '2 weeks' },
				{ label: '1 month', value: '1 month' },
				{ label: '2 months', value: '2 months' },
				{ label: '3 months', value: '3 months' },
				{ label: '1 year', value: '1 year' },
				{ label: 'indefinite', value:'indefinite' },
				{ label: 'Custom...', value: 'custom' }
			]
		});

	form.append({
			type: 'checkbox',
			name: 'createmodify',
			event: function twinklebatchprotectFormCreatemodifyEvent(e) {
				e.target.form.createlevel.disabled = !e.target.checked;
				e.target.form.createexpiry.disabled = !e.target.checked || (e.target.form.createlevel.value === 'all');
				e.target.form.createlevel.style.color = e.target.form.createexpiry.style.color = (e.target.checked ? &quot;&quot; : &quot;transparent&quot;);
			},
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Modify create protection',
					value: 'createmodify',
					tooltip: 'Only for pages that do not exist.',
					checked: true
				}
			]
		});
	var createlevel = form.append({
			type: 'select',
			name: 'createlevel',
			label: 'Create protection:',
			event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.createlevel
		});
	createlevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'All',
			value: 'all'
		});
	createlevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Autoconfirmed',
			value: 'autoconfirmed'
		});
	createlevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Template editor',
			value: 'templateeditor'
		});
	createlevel.append({
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Sysop',
			value: 'sysop',
			selected: true
		});
	form.append({
			type: 'select',
			name: 'createexpiry',
			label: 'Expires:',
			event: function(e) {
				if (e.target.value === 'custom') {
					Twinkle.protect.doCustomExpiry(e.target);
				}
			},
			list: [
				{ label: '1 hour', value: '1 hour' },
				{ label: '2 hours', value: '2 hours' },
				{ label: '3 hours', value: '3 hours' },
				{ label: '6 hours', value: '6 hours' },
				{ label: '12 hours', value: '12 hours' },
				{ label: '1 day', value: '1 day' },
				{ label: '2 days', value: '2 days' },
				{ label: '3 days', value: '3 days' },
				{ label: '4 days', value: '4 days' },
				{ label: '1 week', value: '1 week' },
				{ label: '2 weeks', value: '2 weeks' },
				{ label: '1 month', value: '1 month' },
				{ label: '2 months', value: '2 months' },
				{ label: '3 months', value: '3 months' },
				{ label: '1 year', value: '1 year' },
				{ label: 'indefinite', selected: true, value: 'indefinite' },
				{ label: 'Custom...', value: 'custom' }
			]
		});

	form.append( {
			type: 'header',
			label: ''  // horizontal rule
		} );
	form.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'reason',
			label: 'Reason: ',
			size: 60,
			tooltip: 'For the protection log and page history.'
		} );

	var query;

	if( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) === 14 ) {  // categories
		query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'generator': 'categorymembers',
			'gcmtitle': mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' ),
			'gcmlimit' : Twinkle.getPref('batchMax'), // the max for sysops
			'prop': 'revisions',
			'rvprop': 'size'
		};
	} else if( mw.config.get( 'wgCanonicalSpecialPageName' ) === 'Prefixindex' ) {
		query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'generator': 'allpages',
			'gapnamespace': Morebits.queryString.exists('namespace') ? Morebits.queryString.get( 'namespace' ) : document.getElementById('namespace').value,
			'gapprefix': Morebits.queryString.exists('from') ? Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(Morebits.queryString.get( 'from' ).replace('+', ' ')) :
				Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(document.getElementById('nsfrom').value),
			'gaplimit' : Twinkle.getPref('batchMax'), // the max for sysops
			'prop': 'revisions',
			'rvprop': 'size'
		};
	} else {
		query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'gpllimit' : Twinkle.getPref('batchMax'), // the max for sysops
			'generator': 'links',
			'titles': mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' ),
			'prop': 'revisions',
			'rvprop': 'size'
		};
	}

	var statusdiv = document.createElement(&quot;div&quot;);
	statusdiv.style.padding = '15px';  // just so it doesn't look broken
	Window.setContent(statusdiv);
	Morebits.status.init(statusdiv);
	Window.display();

	var statelem = new Morebits.status(&quot;Grabbing list of pages&quot;);

	var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'loading...', query, function(apiobj) {
			var xml = apiobj.responseXML;
			var $pages = $(xml).find('page');
			var list = [];
			$pages.each(function(index, page) {
				var $page = $(page);
				var title = $page.attr('title');
				var isRedir = $page.attr('redirect') === &quot;&quot;; // XXX ??
				var missing = $page.attr('missing') === &quot;&quot;; // XXX ??
				var size = $page.find('rev').attr('size');

				var metadata = [];
				if (missing) {
					metadata.push(&quot;page does not exist&quot;);
				} else {
					if (isRedir) {
						metadata.push(&quot;redirect&quot;);
					}
					metadata.push(size + &quot; bytes&quot;);
				}
				list.push( { label: title + (metadata.length ? (' (' + metadata.join('; ') + ')') : '' ), value: title, checked: true });
			});
			form.append({ type: 'header', label: 'Pages to protect' });
			form.append({
					type: 'button',
					label: &quot;Select All&quot;,
					event: function(e) {
						$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, 'pages')).prop('checked', true);
					}
				});
			form.append({
					type: 'button',
					label: &quot;Deselect All&quot;,
					event: function(e) {
						$(Morebits.quickForm.getElements(e.target.form, 'pages')).prop('checked', false);
					}
				});
			form.append( {
					type: 'checkbox',
					name: 'pages',
					list: list
				} );
			form.append( { type:'submit' } );

			var result = form.render();
			Window.setContent( result );
		}, statelem );

	wikipedia_api.post();
};

Twinkle.batchprotect.currentProtectCounter = 0;
Twinkle.batchprotect.currentprotector = 0;
Twinkle.batchprotect.callback.evaluate = function twinklebatchprotectCallbackEvaluate(event) {
	var pages = event.target.getChecked( 'pages' );
	var reason = event.target.reason.value;
	var editmodify = event.target.editmodify.checked;
	var editlevel = event.target.editlevel.value;
	var editexpiry = event.target.editexpiry.value;
	var movemodify = event.target.movemodify.checked;
	var movelevel = event.target.movelevel.value;
	var moveexpiry = event.target.moveexpiry.value;
	var createmodify = event.target.createmodify.checked;
	var createlevel = event.target.createlevel.value;
	var createexpiry = event.target.createexpiry.value;

	if( ! reason ) {
		alert(&quot;You've got to give a reason, you rouge admin!&quot;);
		return;
	}

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled(false);
	Morebits.status.init( event.target );

	if( !pages ) {
		Morebits.status.error( 'Error', 'Nothing to protect, aborting' );
		return;
	}

	var batchOperation = new Morebits.batchOperation(&quot;Applying protection settings&quot;);
	batchOperation.setOption(&quot;chunkSize&quot;, Twinkle.getPref('batchProtectChunks'));
	batchOperation.setOption(&quot;preserveIndividualStatusLines&quot;, true);
	batchOperation.setPageList(pages);
	batchOperation.run(function(pageName) {
		var query = {
			'action': 'query',
			'titles': pageName
		};
		var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Checking if page ' + pageName + ' exists', query,
			Twinkle.batchprotect.callbacks.main, null, batchOperation.workerFailure );
		wikipedia_api.params = {
			page: pageName,
			reason: reason,
			editmodify: editmodify,
			editlevel: editlevel,
			editexpiry: editexpiry,
			movemodify: movemodify,
			movelevel: movelevel,
			moveexpiry: moveexpiry,
			createmodify: createmodify,
			createlevel: createlevel,
			createexpiry: createexpiry,
			batchOperation: batchOperation
		};
		wikipedia_api.post();
	});
};

Twinkle.batchprotect.callbacks = {
	main: function( apiobj ) {
		var xml = apiobj.responseXML;
		var normal = $(xml).find('normalized n').attr('to');
		if( normal ) {
			apiobj.params.page = normal;
		}

		var exists = ($(xml).find('page').attr('missing') !== &quot;&quot;);

		var page = new Morebits.wiki.page(apiobj.params.page, &quot;Protecting &quot; + apiobj.params.page);
		var takenAction = false;
		if (exists &amp;&amp; apiobj.params.editmodify) {
			page.setEditProtection(apiobj.params.editlevel, apiobj.params.editexpiry);
			takenAction = true;
		}
		if (exists &amp;&amp; apiobj.params.movemodify) {
			page.setMoveProtection(apiobj.params.movelevel, apiobj.params.moveexpiry);
			takenAction = true;
		}
		if (!exists &amp;&amp; apiobj.params.createmodify) {
			page.setCreateProtection(apiobj.params.createlevel, apiobj.params.createexpiry);
			takenAction = true;
		}
		if (!takenAction) {
			Morebits.status.warn(&quot;Protecting &quot; + apiobj.params.page, &quot;page &quot; + (exists ? &quot;exists&quot; : &quot;does not exist&quot;) + &quot;; nothing to do, skipping&quot;);
			apiobj.params.batchOperation.workerFailure(apiobj);
			return;
		}

		page.setEditSummary(apiobj.params.reason);
		page.protect(apiobj.params.batchOperation.workerSuccess, apiobj.params.batchOperation.workerFailure);
	}
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rdmgpn73z5lmsjywt8suxokjm5yi1rq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinkleconfig.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5646</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32214</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T19:01:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-23</comment>
      <origin>32214</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="63138" sha1="b4x2vdimnyfe7bixfpkjogsajjk4lvr" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinkleconfig.js: Preferences module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Adds configuration form to Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preferences and user
                           subpages named &quot;/Twinkle preferences&quot;, and adds ad box to the top of user
                           subpages belonging to the currently logged-in user which end in '.js'
 * Active on:              What I just said.  Yeah.
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig

 I, [[User:This, that and the other]], originally wrote this.  If the code is misbehaving, or you have any
 questions, don't hesitate to ask me.  (This doesn't at all imply [[WP:OWN]]ership - it's just meant to
 point you in the right direction.)  -- TTO
 */


Twinkle.config = {};

Twinkle.config.commonEnums = {
	watchlist: { yes: &quot;Add to watchlist&quot;, no: &quot;Don't add to watchlist&quot;, &quot;default&quot;: &quot;Follow your site preferences&quot; },
	talkPageMode: { window: &quot;In a window, replacing other user talks&quot;, tab: &quot;In a new tab&quot;, blank: &quot;In a totally new window&quot; }
};

Twinkle.config.commonSets = {
	csdCriteria: {
		db: &quot;Custom rationale ({{db}})&quot;,
		g1: &quot;G1&quot;, g2: &quot;G2&quot;, g3: &quot;G3&quot;, g4: &quot;G4&quot;, g5: &quot;G5&quot;, g6: &quot;G6&quot;, g7: &quot;G7&quot;, g8: &quot;G8&quot;, g10: &quot;G10&quot;, g11: &quot;G11&quot;, g12: &quot;G12&quot;, g13: &quot;G13&quot;,
		a1: &quot;A1&quot;, a2: &quot;A2&quot;, a3: &quot;A3&quot;, a5: &quot;A5&quot;, a7: &quot;A7&quot;, a9: &quot;A9&quot;, a10: &quot;A10&quot;, a11: &quot;A11&quot;,
		u1: &quot;U1&quot;, u2: &quot;U2&quot;, u3: &quot;U3&quot;, u5: &quot;U5&quot;,
		f1: &quot;F1&quot;, f2: &quot;F2&quot;, f3: &quot;F3&quot;, f7: &quot;F7&quot;, f8: &quot;F8&quot;, f9: &quot;F9&quot;, f10: &quot;F10&quot;,
		c1: &quot;C1&quot;,
		t2: &quot;T2&quot;, t3: &quot;T3&quot;,
		r2: &quot;R2&quot;, r3: &quot;R3&quot;,
		p1: &quot;P1&quot;, p2: &quot;P2&quot;
	},
	csdCriteriaDisplayOrder: [
		&quot;db&quot;,
		&quot;g1&quot;, &quot;g2&quot;, &quot;g3&quot;, &quot;g4&quot;, &quot;g5&quot;, &quot;g6&quot;, &quot;g7&quot;, &quot;g8&quot;, &quot;g10&quot;, &quot;g11&quot;, &quot;g12&quot;, &quot;g13&quot;,
		&quot;a1&quot;, &quot;a2&quot;, &quot;a3&quot;, &quot;a5&quot;, &quot;a7&quot;, &quot;a9&quot;, &quot;a10&quot;, &quot;a11&quot;,
		&quot;u1&quot;, &quot;u2&quot;, &quot;u3&quot;, &quot;u5&quot;,
		&quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;,
		&quot;c1&quot;,
		&quot;t2&quot;, &quot;t3&quot;,
		&quot;r2&quot;, &quot;r3&quot;,
		&quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;
	],
	csdCriteriaNotification: {
		db: &quot;Custom rationale ({{db}})&quot;,
		g1: &quot;G1&quot;, g2: &quot;G2&quot;, g3: &quot;G3&quot;, g4: &quot;G4&quot;, g6: 'G6 (&quot;unnecessary disambig.&quot; and &quot;copy-paste move&quot; only)',
		g10: &quot;G10&quot;, g11: &quot;G11&quot;, g12: &quot;G12&quot;, g13: &quot;G13&quot;,
		a1: &quot;A1&quot;, a2: &quot;A2&quot;, a3: &quot;A3&quot;, a5: &quot;A5&quot;, a7: &quot;A7&quot;, a9: &quot;A9&quot;, a10: &quot;A10&quot;, a11: &quot;A11&quot;,
		u3: &quot;U3&quot;, u5: &quot;U5&quot;,
		f1: &quot;F1&quot;, f2: &quot;F2&quot;, f3: &quot;F3&quot;, f7: &quot;F7&quot;, f8: &quot;F8&quot;, f9: &quot;F9&quot;, f10: &quot;F10&quot;,
		c1: &quot;C1&quot;,
		t2: &quot;T2&quot;, t3: &quot;T3&quot;,
		r2: &quot;R2&quot;, r3: &quot;R3&quot;,
		p1: &quot;P1&quot;, p2: &quot;P2&quot;
	},
	csdCriteriaNotificationDisplayOrder: [
		&quot;db&quot;,
		&quot;g1&quot;, &quot;g2&quot;, &quot;g3&quot;, &quot;g4&quot;, &quot;g6&quot;, &quot;g10&quot;, &quot;g11&quot;, &quot;g12&quot;, &quot;g13&quot;,
		&quot;a1&quot;, &quot;a2&quot;, &quot;a3&quot;, &quot;a5&quot;, &quot;a7&quot;, &quot;a9&quot;, &quot;a10&quot;, &quot;a11&quot;,
		&quot;u3&quot;, &quot;u5&quot;,
		&quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;,
		&quot;c1&quot;,
		&quot;t2&quot;, &quot;t3&quot;,
		&quot;r2&quot;, &quot;r3&quot;,
		&quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;
	],
	csdAndDICriteria: {
		db: &quot;Custom rationale ({{db}})&quot;,
		g1: &quot;G1&quot;, g2: &quot;G2&quot;, g3: &quot;G3&quot;, g4: &quot;G4&quot;, g5: &quot;G5&quot;, g6: &quot;G6&quot;, g7: &quot;G7&quot;, g8: &quot;G8&quot;, g10: &quot;G10&quot;, g11: &quot;G11&quot;, g12: &quot;G12&quot;, g13: &quot;G13&quot;,
		a1: &quot;A1&quot;, a2: &quot;A2&quot;, a3: &quot;A3&quot;, a5: &quot;A5&quot;, a7: &quot;A7&quot;, a9: &quot;A9&quot;, a10: &quot;A10&quot;, a11: &quot;A11&quot;,
		u1: &quot;U1&quot;, u2: &quot;U2&quot;, u3: &quot;U3&quot;, u5: &quot;U5&quot;,
		f1: &quot;F1&quot;, f2: &quot;F2&quot;, f3: &quot;F3&quot;, f4: &quot;F4&quot;, f5: &quot;F5&quot;, f6: &quot;F6&quot;, f7: &quot;F7&quot;, f8: &quot;F8&quot;, f9: &quot;F9&quot;, f10: &quot;F10&quot;, f11: &quot;F11&quot;,
		c1: &quot;C1&quot;,
		t2: &quot;T2&quot;, t3: &quot;T3&quot;,
		r2: &quot;R2&quot;, r3: &quot;R3&quot;,
		p1: &quot;P1&quot;, p2: &quot;P2&quot;
	},
	csdAndDICriteriaDisplayOrder: [
		&quot;db&quot;,
		&quot;g1&quot;, &quot;g2&quot;, &quot;g3&quot;, &quot;g4&quot;, &quot;g5&quot;, &quot;g6&quot;, &quot;g7&quot;, &quot;g8&quot;, &quot;g10&quot;, &quot;g11&quot;, &quot;g12&quot;, &quot;g13&quot;,
		&quot;a1&quot;, &quot;a2&quot;, &quot;a3&quot;, &quot;a5&quot;, &quot;a7&quot;, &quot;a9&quot;, &quot;a10&quot;, &quot;a11&quot;,
		&quot;u1&quot;, &quot;u2&quot;, &quot;u3&quot;, &quot;u5&quot;,
		&quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;, &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;f11&quot;,
		&quot;c1&quot;,
		&quot;t2&quot;, &quot;t3&quot;,
		&quot;r2&quot;, &quot;r3&quot;,
		&quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;
	],
	namespacesNoSpecial: {
		&quot;0&quot;: &quot;Article&quot;,
		&quot;1&quot;: &quot;Talk (article)&quot;,
		&quot;2&quot;: &quot;User&quot;,
		&quot;3&quot;: &quot;User talk&quot;,
		&quot;4&quot;: &quot;Wikipedia&quot;,
		&quot;5&quot;: &quot;Wikipedia talk&quot;,
		&quot;6&quot;: &quot;File&quot;,
		&quot;7&quot;: &quot;File talk&quot;,
		&quot;8&quot;: &quot;MediaWiki&quot;,
		&quot;9&quot;: &quot;MediaWiki talk&quot;,
		&quot;10&quot;: &quot;Template&quot;,
		&quot;11&quot;: &quot;Template talk&quot;,
		&quot;12&quot;: &quot;Help&quot;,
		&quot;13&quot;: &quot;Help talk&quot;,
		&quot;14&quot;: &quot;Category&quot;,
		&quot;15&quot;: &quot;Category talk&quot;,
		&quot;100&quot;: &quot;Portal&quot;,
		&quot;101&quot;: &quot;Portal talk&quot;,
		&quot;108&quot;: &quot;Book&quot;,
		&quot;109&quot;: &quot;Book talk&quot;,
		&quot;118&quot;: &quot;Draft&quot;,
		&quot;119&quot;: &quot;Draft talk&quot;,
		&quot;710&quot;: &quot;TimedText&quot;,
		&quot;711&quot;: &quot;TimedText talk&quot;,
		&quot;828&quot;: &quot;Module&quot;,
		&quot;829&quot;: &quot;Module talk&quot;
	}
};

/**
 * Section entry format:
 *
 * {
 *   title: &lt;human-readable section title&gt;,
 *   adminOnly: &lt;true for admin-only sections&gt;,
 *   hidden: &lt;true for advanced preferences that rarely need to be changed - they can still be modified by manually editing twinkleoptions.js&gt;,
 *   inFriendlyConfig: &lt;true for preferences located under FriendlyConfig rather than TwinkleConfig&gt;,
 *   preferences: [
 *     {
 *       name: &lt;TwinkleConfig property name&gt;,
 *       label: &lt;human-readable short description - used as a form label&gt;,
 *       helptip: &lt;(optional) human-readable text (using valid HTML) that complements the description, like limits, warnings, etc.&gt;
 *       adminOnly: &lt;true for admin-only preferences&gt;,
 *       type: &lt;string|boolean|integer|enum|set|customList&gt; (customList stores an array of JSON objects { value, label }),
 *       enumValues: &lt;for type = &quot;enum&quot;: a JSON object where the keys are the internal names and the values are human-readable strings&gt;,
 *       setValues: &lt;for type = &quot;set&quot;: a JSON object where the keys are the internal names and the values are human-readable strings&gt;,
 *       setDisplayOrder: &lt;(optional) for type = &quot;set&quot;: an array containing the keys of setValues (as strings) in the order that they are displayed&gt;,
 *       customListValueTitle: &lt;for type = &quot;customList&quot;: the heading for the left &quot;value&quot; column in the custom list editor&gt;,
 *       customListLabelTitle: &lt;for type = &quot;customList&quot;: the heading for the right &quot;label&quot; column in the custom list editor&gt;
 *     },
 *     . . .
 *   ]
 * },
 * . . .
 *
 */

Twinkle.config.sections = [
{
	title: &quot;General&quot;,
	preferences: [
		// TwinkleConfig.summaryAd (string)
		// Text to be appended to the edit summary of edits made using Twinkle
		{
			name: &quot;summaryAd&quot;,
			label: &quot;\&quot;Ad\&quot; to be appended to Twinkle's edit summaries&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;The summary ad should start with a space, and be kept short.&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.deletionSummaryAd (string)
		// Text to be appended to the edit summary of deletions made using Twinkle
		{
			name: &quot;deletionSummaryAd&quot;,
			label: &quot;Summary ad to use for deletion summaries&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Normally the same as the edit summary ad above.&quot;,
			adminOnly: true,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.protectionSummaryAd (string)
		// Text to be appended to the edit summary of page protections made using Twinkle
		{
			name: &quot;protectionSummaryAd&quot;,
			label: &quot;Summary ad to use for page protections&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Normally the same as the edit summary ad above.&quot;,
			adminOnly: true,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.userTalkPageMode may take arguments:
		// 'window': open a new window, remember the opened window
		// 'tab': opens in a new tab, if possible.
		// 'blank': force open in a new window, even if such a window exists
		{
			name: &quot;userTalkPageMode&quot;,
			label: &quot;When opening a user talk page, open it&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: Twinkle.config.commonEnums.talkPageMode
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.dialogLargeFont (boolean)
		{
			name: &quot;dialogLargeFont&quot;,
			label: &quot;Use larger text in Twinkle dialogs&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;ARV&quot;,
	preferences: [
		{
			name: &quot;spiWatchReport&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add sockpuppet report pages to watchlist&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: Twinkle.config.commonEnums.watchlist
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Block user&quot;,
	adminOnly: true,
	preferences: [
		// TwinkleConfig.blankTalkpageOnIndefBlock (boolean)
		// if true, blank the talk page when issuing an indef block notice (per [[WP:UWUL#Indefinitely blocked users]])
		{
			name: &quot;blankTalkpageOnIndefBlock&quot;,
			label: &quot;Blank the talk page when indefinitely blocking users&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;See &lt;a href=\&quot;&quot; + mw.util.getUrl(&quot;Wikipedia:WikiProject_User_warnings/Usage_and_layout#Indefinitely_blocked_users&quot;) + &quot;\&quot;&gt;WP:UWUL&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Image deletion (DI)&quot;,
	preferences: [
		// TwinkleConfig.notifyUserOnDeli (boolean)
		// If the user should be notified after placing a file deletion tag
		{
			name: &quot;notifyUserOnDeli&quot;,
			label: &quot;Check the \&quot;notify initial uploader\&quot; box by default&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.deliWatchPage (string)
		// The watchlist setting of the page tagged for deletion. Either &quot;yes&quot;, &quot;no&quot;, or &quot;default&quot;. Default is &quot;default&quot; (Duh).
		{
			name: &quot;deliWatchPage&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add image page to watchlist when tagging&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: Twinkle.config.commonEnums.watchlist
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.deliWatchUser (string)
		// The watchlist setting of the user talk page if a notification is placed. Either &quot;yes&quot;, &quot;no&quot;, or &quot;default&quot;. Default is &quot;default&quot; (Duh).
		{
			name: &quot;deliWatchUser&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add user talk page of initial uploader to watchlist when notifying&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: Twinkle.config.commonEnums.watchlist
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Proposed deletion (PROD)&quot;,
	preferences: [
		// TwinkleConfig.watchProdPages (boolean)
		// If, when applying prod template to page, to watch the page
		{
			name: &quot;watchProdPages&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add article to watchlist when tagging&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.prodReasonDefault (string)
		// The prefilled PROD reason.
		{
			name: &quot;prodReasonDefault&quot;,
			label: &quot;Prefilled PROD reason&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},

		{
			name: &quot;logProdPages&quot;,
			label: &quot;Keep a log in userspace of all pages you tag for PROD&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Since non-admins do not have access to their deleted contributions, the userspace log offers a good way to keep track of all pages you tag for PROD using Twinkle.&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;prodLogPageName&quot;,
			label: &quot;Keep the PROD userspace log at this user subpage&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Enter a subpage name in this box. You will find your PROD log at User:&lt;i&gt;username&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;subpage name&lt;/i&gt;. Only works if you turn on the PROD userspace log.&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Revert and rollback&quot;,  // twinklefluff module
	preferences: [
		// TwinkleConfig.openTalkPage (array)
		// What types of actions that should result in opening of talk page
		{
			name: &quot;openTalkPage&quot;,
			label: &quot;Open user talk page after these types of reversions&quot;,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: { agf: &quot;AGF rollback&quot;, norm: &quot;Normal rollback&quot;, vand: &quot;Vandalism rollback&quot;, torev: &quot;\&quot;Restore this version\&quot;&quot; }
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.openTalkPageOnAutoRevert (bool)
		// Defines if talk page should be opened when calling revert from contrib page, because from there, actions may be multiple, and opening talk page not suitable. If set to true, openTalkPage defines then if talk page will be opened.
		{
			name: &quot;openTalkPageOnAutoRevert&quot;,
			label: &quot;Open user talk page when invoking rollback from user contributions&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Often, you may be rolling back many pages at a time from a vandal's contributions page, so it would be unsuitable to open the user talk page. Hence, this option is off by default. When this is on, the desired options must be enabled in the previous setting for this to work.&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.markRevertedPagesAsMinor (array)
		// What types of actions that should result in marking edit as minor
		{
			name: &quot;markRevertedPagesAsMinor&quot;,
			label: &quot;Mark as minor edit for these types of reversions&quot;,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: { agf: &quot;AGF rollback&quot;, norm: &quot;Normal rollback&quot;, vand: &quot;Vandalism rollback&quot;, torev: &quot;\&quot;Restore this version\&quot;&quot; }
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.watchRevertedPages (array)
		// What types of actions that should result in forced addition to watchlist
		{
			name: &quot;watchRevertedPages&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add pages to watchlist for these types of reversions&quot;,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: { agf: &quot;AGF rollback&quot;, norm: &quot;Normal rollback&quot;, vand: &quot;Vandalism rollback&quot;, torev: &quot;\&quot;Restore this version\&quot;&quot; }
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.offerReasonOnNormalRevert (boolean)
		// If to offer a prompt for extra summary reason for normal reverts, default to true
		{
			name: &quot;offerReasonOnNormalRevert&quot;,
			label: &quot;Prompt for reason for normal rollbacks&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;\&quot;Normal\&quot; rollbacks are the ones that are invoked from the middle [rollback] link.&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		{
			name: &quot;confirmOnFluff&quot;,
			label: &quot;Provide a confirmation message before reverting&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;For users of pen or touch devices, and chronically indecisive people.&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.showRollbackLinks (array)
		// Where Twinkle should show rollback links (diff, others, mine, contribs)
		// Note from TTO: |contribs| seems to be equal to |others| + |mine|, i.e. redundant, so I left it out heres
		{
			name: &quot;showRollbackLinks&quot;,
			label: &quot;Show rollback links on these pages&quot;,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: { diff: &quot;Diff pages&quot;, others: &quot;Contributions pages of other users&quot;, mine: &quot;My contributions page&quot; }
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Shared IP tagging&quot;,
	inFriendlyConfig: true,
	preferences: [
		{
			name: &quot;markSharedIPAsMinor&quot;,
			label: &quot;Mark shared IP tagging as a minor edit&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Speedy deletion (CSD)&quot;,
	preferences: [
		{
			name: &quot;speedySelectionStyle&quot;,
			label: &quot;When to go ahead and tag/delete the page&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: { &quot;buttonClick&quot;: 'When I click &quot;Submit&quot;', &quot;radioClick&quot;: &quot;As soon as I click an option&quot; }
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.watchSpeedyPages (array)
		// Whether to add speedy tagged pages to watchlist
		{
			name: &quot;watchSpeedyPages&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add page to watchlist when tagging with these criteria&quot;,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdCriteria,
			setDisplayOrder: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdCriteriaDisplayOrder
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.markSpeedyPagesAsPatrolled (boolean)
		// If, when applying speedy template to page, to mark the page as patrolled (if the page was reached from NewPages)
		{
			name: &quot;markSpeedyPagesAsPatrolled&quot;,
			label: &quot;Mark page as patrolled when tagging (if possible)&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.notifyUserOnSpeedyDeletionNomination (array)
		// What types of actions should result that the author of the page being notified of nomination
		{
			name: &quot;notifyUserOnSpeedyDeletionNomination&quot;,
			label: &quot;Notify page creator only when tagging with these criteria&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Even if you choose to notify from the CSD screen, the notification will only take place for those criteria selected here.&quot;,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdCriteriaNotification,
			setDisplayOrder: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdCriteriaNotificationDisplayOrder
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.welcomeUserOnSpeedyDeletionNotification (array of strings)
		// On what types of speedy deletion notifications shall the user be welcomed
		// with a &quot;firstarticle&quot; notice if his talk page has not yet been created.
		{
			name: &quot;welcomeUserOnSpeedyDeletionNotification&quot;,
			label: &quot;Welcome page creator alongside notification when tagging with these criteria&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;The welcome is issued only if the user is notified about the deletion, and only if their talk page does not already exist. The template used is {{firstarticle}}.&quot;,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdCriteriaNotification,
			setDisplayOrder: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdCriteriaNotificationDisplayOrder
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.promptForSpeedyDeletionSummary (array of strings)
		{
			name: &quot;promptForSpeedyDeletionSummary&quot;,
			label: &quot;Allow editing of deletion summary when deleting under these criteria&quot;,
			adminOnly: true,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdAndDICriteria,
			setDisplayOrder: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdAndDICriteriaDisplayOrder
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.openUserTalkPageOnSpeedyDelete (array of strings)
		// What types of actions that should result user talk page to be opened when speedily deleting (admin only)
		{
			name: &quot;openUserTalkPageOnSpeedyDelete&quot;,
			label: &quot;Open user talk page when deleting under these criteria&quot;,
			adminOnly: true,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdAndDICriteria,
			setDisplayOrder: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdAndDICriteriaDisplayOrder
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.deleteTalkPageOnDelete (boolean)
		// If talk page if exists should also be deleted (CSD G8) when spedying a page (admin only)
		{
			name: &quot;deleteTalkPageOnDelete&quot;,
			label: &quot;Check the \&quot;also delete talk page\&quot; box by default&quot;,
			adminOnly: true,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		{
			name: &quot;deleteRedirectsOnDelete&quot;,
			label: &quot;Check the \&quot;also delete redirects\&quot; box by default&quot;,
			adminOnly: true,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.deleteSysopDefaultToTag (boolean)
		// Make the CSD screen default to &quot;tag&quot; instead of &quot;delete&quot; (admin only)
		{
			name: &quot;deleteSysopDefaultToTag&quot;,
			label: &quot;Default to speedy tagging instead of outright deletion&quot;,
			adminOnly: true,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.speedyWindowWidth (integer)
		// Defines the width of the Twinkle SD window in pixels
		{
			name: &quot;speedyWindowWidth&quot;,
			label: &quot;Width of speedy deletion window (pixels)&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.speedyWindowWidth (integer)
		// Defines the width of the Twinkle SD window in pixels
		{
			name: &quot;speedyWindowHeight&quot;,
			label: &quot;Height of speedy deletion window (pixels)&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;If you have a big monitor, you might like to increase this.&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},

		{
			name: &quot;logSpeedyNominations&quot;,
			label: &quot;Keep a log in userspace of all CSD nominations&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Since non-admins do not have access to their deleted contributions, the userspace log offers a good way to keep track of all pages you nominate for CSD using Twinkle. Files tagged using DI are also added to this log.&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;speedyLogPageName&quot;,
			label: &quot;Keep the CSD userspace log at this user subpage&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Enter a subpage name in this box. You will find your CSD log at User:&lt;i&gt;username&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;subpage name&lt;/i&gt;. Only works if you turn on the CSD userspace log.&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;noLogOnSpeedyNomination&quot;,
			label: &quot;Do not create a userspace log entry when tagging with these criteria&quot;,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdAndDICriteria,
			setDisplayOrder: Twinkle.config.commonSets.csdAndDICriteriaDisplayOrder
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Tag&quot;,
	inFriendlyConfig: true,
	preferences: [
		{
			name: &quot;watchTaggedPages&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add page to watchlist when tagging&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;watchMergeDiscussions&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add talk pages to watchlist when starting merge discussions&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;markTaggedPagesAsMinor&quot;,
			label: &quot;Mark addition of tags as a minor edit&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;markTaggedPagesAsPatrolled&quot;,
			label: &quot;Check the \&quot;mark page as patrolled\&quot; box by default&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;groupByDefault&quot;,
			label: &quot;Check the \&quot;group into {{multiple issues}}\&quot; box by default&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;tagArticleSortOrder&quot;,
			label: &quot;Default view order for article tags&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: { &quot;cat&quot;: &quot;By categories&quot;, &quot;alpha&quot;: &quot;In alphabetical order&quot; }
		},
		{
			name: &quot;customTagList&quot;,
			label: &quot;Custom article maintenance tags to display&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;These appear as additional options at the bottom of the list of tags. For example, you could add new maintenance tags which have not yet been added to Twinkle's defaults.&quot;,
			type: &quot;customList&quot;,
			customListValueTitle: &quot;Template name (no curly brackets)&quot;,
			customListLabelTitle: &quot;Text to show in Tag dialog&quot;
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Talkback&quot;,
	inFriendlyConfig: true,
	preferences: [
		{
			name: &quot;markTalkbackAsMinor&quot;,
			label: &quot;Mark talkbacks as minor edits&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;insertTalkbackSignature&quot;,
			label: &quot;Insert signature within talkbacks&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;talkbackHeading&quot;,
			label: &quot;Section heading to use for talkbacks&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;adminNoticeHeading&quot;,
			label: &quot;Section heading to use for administrators' noticeboard notices&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Only relevant for AN and ANI.&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;mailHeading&quot;,
			label: &quot;Section heading to use for \&quot;you've got mail\&quot; notices&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Unlink&quot;,
	preferences: [
		// TwinkleConfig.unlinkNamespaces (array)
		// In what namespaces unlink should happen, default in 0 (article) and 100 (portal)
		{
			name: &quot;unlinkNamespaces&quot;,
			label: &quot;Remove links from pages in these namespaces&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Avoid selecting any talk namespaces, as Twinkle might end up unlinking on talk archives (a big no-no).&quot;,
			type: &quot;set&quot;,
			setValues: Twinkle.config.commonSets.namespacesNoSpecial
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Warn user&quot;,
	preferences: [
		// TwinkleConfig.defaultWarningGroup (int)
		// if true, watch the page which has been dispatched an warning or notice, if false, default applies
		{
			name: &quot;defaultWarningGroup&quot;,
			label: &quot;Default warning level&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: {
				&quot;1&quot;: &quot;Level 1&quot;,
				&quot;2&quot;: &quot;Level 2&quot;,
				&quot;3&quot;: &quot;Level 3&quot;,
				&quot;4&quot;: &quot;Level 4&quot;,
				&quot;5&quot;: &quot;Level 4im&quot;,
				&quot;6&quot;: &quot;Single-issue notices&quot;,
				&quot;7&quot;: &quot;Single-issue warnings&quot;,
				&quot;9&quot;: &quot;Custom warnings&quot;
			}
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.showSharedIPNotice may take arguments:
		// true: to show shared ip notice if an IP address
		// false: to not print the notice
		{
			name: &quot;showSharedIPNotice&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add extra notice on shared IP talk pages&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Notice used is {{Shared IP advice}}&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.watchWarnings (boolean)
		// if true, watch the page which has been dispatched an warning or notice, if false, default applies
		{
			name: &quot;watchWarnings&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add user talk page to watchlist when notifying&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},

		{
			name: &quot;customWarningList&quot;,
			label: &quot;Custom warning templates to display&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;You can add individual templates or user subpages. Custom warnings appear in the \&quot;Custom warnings\&quot; category within the warning dialog box.&quot;,
			type: &quot;customList&quot;,
			customListValueTitle: &quot;Template name (no curly brackets)&quot;,
			customListLabelTitle: &quot;Text to show in warning list (also used as edit summary)&quot;
		},

		{
			name: &quot;markXfdPagesAsPatrolled&quot;,
			label: &quot;Mark page as patrolled when nominating for AFD (if possible)&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Welcome user&quot;,
	inFriendlyConfig: true,
	preferences: [
		{
			name: &quot;topWelcomes&quot;,
			label: &quot;Place welcomes above existing content on user talk pages&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;watchWelcomes&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add user talk pages to watchlist when welcoming&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Doing so adds to the personal element of welcoming a user - you will be able to see how they are coping as a newbie, and possibly help them.&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;insertUsername&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add your username to the template (where applicable)&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Some welcome templates have an opening sentence like \&quot;Hi, I'm &amp;lt;username&amp;gt;. Welcome\&quot; etc. If you turn off this option, these templates will not display your username in that way.&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;quickWelcomeMode&quot;,
			label: &quot;Clicking the \&quot;welcome\&quot; link on a diff page will&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;If you choose to welcome automatically, the template you specify below will be used.&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: { auto: &quot;welcome automatically&quot;, norm: &quot;prompt you to select a template&quot; }
		},
		{
			name: &quot;quickWelcomeTemplate&quot;,
			label: &quot;Template to use when welcoming automatically&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;Enter the name of a welcome template, without the curly brackets. A link to the given article will be added.&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;customWelcomeList&quot;,
			label: &quot;Custom welcome templates to display&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;You can add other welcome templates, or user subpages that are welcome templates (prefixed with \&quot;User:\&quot;). Don't forget that these templates are substituted onto user talk pages.&quot;,
			type: &quot;customList&quot;,
			customListValueTitle: &quot;Template name (no curly brackets)&quot;,
			customListLabelTitle: &quot;Text to show in Welcome dialog&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;customWelcomeSignature&quot;,
			label: &quot;Automatically sign custom welcome templates&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;If your custom welcome templates contain a built-in signature within the template, turn off this option.&quot;,
			type: &quot;boolean&quot;
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;XFD (deletion discussions)&quot;,
	preferences: [
		// TwinkleConfig.xfdWatchPage (string)
		// The watchlist setting of the page being nominated for XfD. Either &quot;yes&quot; (add to watchlist), &quot;no&quot; (don't
		// add to watchlist), or &quot;default&quot; (use setting from preferences). Default is &quot;default&quot; (duh).
		{
			name: &quot;xfdWatchPage&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add the nominated page to watchlist&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: Twinkle.config.commonEnums.watchlist
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.xfdWatchDiscussion (string)
		// The watchlist setting of the newly created XfD page (for those processes that create discussion pages for each nomination),
		// or the list page for the other processes.
		// Either &quot;yes&quot; (add to watchlist), &quot;no&quot; (don't add to watchlist), or &quot;default&quot; (use setting from preferences). Default is &quot;default&quot; (duh).
		{
			name: &quot;xfdWatchDiscussion&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add the deletion discussion page to watchlist&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;This refers to the discussion subpage (for AfD and MfD) or the daily log page (for TfD, CfD, RfD and FfD)&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: Twinkle.config.commonEnums.watchlist
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.xfdWatchList (string)
		// The watchlist setting of the XfD list page, *if* the discussion is on a separate page. Either &quot;yes&quot; (add to watchlist), &quot;no&quot; (don't
		// add to watchlist), or &quot;default&quot; (use setting from preferences). Default is &quot;no&quot; (Hehe. Seriously though, who wants to watch it?
		// Sorry in advance for any false positives.).
		{
			name: &quot;xfdWatchList&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add the daily log/list page to the watchlist (where applicable)&quot;,
			helptip: &quot;This only applies for AfD and MfD, where the discussions are transcluded onto a daily log page (for AfD) or the main MfD page (for MfD).&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: Twinkle.config.commonEnums.watchlist
		},

		// TwinkleConfig.xfdWatchUser (string)
		// The watchlist setting of the user if he receives a notification. Either &quot;yes&quot; (add to watchlist), &quot;no&quot; (don't
		// add to watchlist), or &quot;default&quot; (use setting from preferences). Default is &quot;default&quot; (duh).
		{
			name: &quot;xfdWatchUser&quot;,
			label: &quot;Add the user talk page to watchlist (when notifying)&quot;,
			type: &quot;enum&quot;,
			enumValues: Twinkle.config.commonEnums.watchlist
		}
	]
},

{
	title: &quot;Hidden&quot;,
	hidden: true,
	preferences: [
		// twinkle.header.js: portlet setup
		{
			name: &quot;portletArea&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;portletId&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;portletName&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;portletType&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		{
			name: &quot;portletNext&quot;,
			type: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		// twinklefluff.js: defines how many revision to query maximum, maximum possible is 50, default is 50
		{
			name: &quot;revertMaxRevisions&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},
		// twinklebatchdelete.js: How many pages should be processed at a time
		{
			name: &quot;batchdeleteChunks&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},
		// twinklebatchdelete.js: How many pages left in the process of being completed should allow a new batch to be initialized
		{
			name: &quot;batchDeleteMinCutOff&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},
		// twinklebatchdelete.js: How many pages should be processed maximum
		{
			name: &quot;batchMax&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},
		// twinklebatchprotect.js: How many pages should be processed at a time
		{
			name: &quot;batchProtectChunks&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},
		// twinklebatchprotect.js: How many pages left in the process of being completed should allow a new batch to be initialized
		{
			name: &quot;batchProtectMinCutOff&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},
		// twinklebatchundelete.js: How many pages should be processed at a time
		{
			name: &quot;batchundeleteChunks&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},
		// twinklebatchundelete.js: How many pages left in the process of being completed should allow a new batch to be initialized
		{
			name: &quot;batchUndeleteMinCutOff&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		},
		// twinkledeprod.js: How many pages should be processed at a time
		{
			name: &quot;proddeleteChunks&quot;,
			type: &quot;integer&quot;
		}
	]
}

]; // end of Twinkle.config.sections

//{
//			name: &quot;&quot;,
//			label: &quot;&quot;,
//			type: &quot;&quot;
//		},


Twinkle.config.init = function twinkleconfigInit() {

	if ((mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceNumber&quot;) === mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;).project &amp;&amp; mw.config.get(&quot;wgTitle&quot;) === &quot;Twinkle/Preferences&quot; ||
			(mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceNumber&quot;) === mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;).user &amp;&amp; mw.config.get(&quot;wgTitle&quot;).lastIndexOf(&quot;/Twinkle preferences&quot;) === (mw.config.get(&quot;wgTitle&quot;).length - 20))) &amp;&amp;
			mw.config.get(&quot;wgAction&quot;) === &quot;view&quot;) {
		// create the config page at Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preferences, and at user subpages (for testing purposes)

		if (!document.getElementById(&quot;twinkle-config&quot;)) {
			return;  // maybe the page is misconfigured, or something - but any attempt to modify it will be pointless
		}

		// set style (the url() CSS function doesn't seem to work from wikicode - ?!)
		document.getElementById(&quot;twinkle-config-titlebar&quot;).style.backgroundImage = &quot;url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAkCAMAAAB%2FqqA%2BAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAEhQTFRFr73ZobTPusjdsMHZp7nVwtDhzNbnwM3fu8jdq7vUt8nbxtDkw9DhpbfSvMrfssPZqLvVztbno7bRrr7W1d%2Fs1N7qydXk0NjpkW7Q%2BgAAADVJREFUeNoMwgESQCAAAMGLkEIi%2FP%2BnbnbpdB59app5Vdg0sXAoMZCpGoFbK6ciuy6FX4ABAEyoAef0BXOXAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)&quot;;

		var contentdiv = document.getElementById(&quot;twinkle-config-content&quot;);
		contentdiv.textContent = &quot;&quot;;  // clear children

		// let user know about possible conflict with monobook.js/vector.js file
		// (settings in that file will still work, but they will be overwritten by twinkleoptions.js settings)
		var contentnotice = document.createElement(&quot;p&quot;);
		// I hate innerHTML, but this is one thing it *is* good for...
		contentnotice.innerHTML = &quot;&lt;b&gt;Before modifying your preferences here,&lt;/b&gt; make sure you have removed any old &lt;code&gt;TwinkleConfig&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;FriendlyConfig&lt;/code&gt; settings from your &lt;a href=\&quot;&quot; + mw.util.getUrl(&quot;Special:MyPage/skin.js&quot;) + &quot;\&quot; title=\&quot;Special:MyPage/skin.js\&quot;&gt;user JavaScript file&lt;/a&gt;.&quot;;
		contentdiv.appendChild(contentnotice);

		// look and see if the user does in fact have any old settings in their skin JS file
		var skinjs = new Morebits.wiki.page(&quot;User:&quot; + mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;) + &quot;/&quot; + mw.config.get(&quot;skin&quot;) + &quot;.js&quot;);
		skinjs.setCallbackParameters(contentnotice);
		skinjs.load(Twinkle.config.legacyPrefsNotice);

		// start a table of contents
		var toctable = document.createElement(&quot;div&quot;);
		toctable.className = &quot;toc&quot;;
		toctable.style.marginLeft = &quot;0.4em&quot;;
		// create TOC title
		var toctitle = document.createElement(&quot;div&quot;);
		toctitle.id = &quot;toctitle&quot;;
		var toch2 = document.createElement(&quot;h2&quot;);
		toch2.textContent = &quot;Contents &quot;;
		toctitle.appendChild(toch2);
		// add TOC show/hide link
		var toctoggle = document.createElement(&quot;span&quot;);
		toctoggle.className = &quot;toctoggle&quot;;
		toctoggle.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;[&quot;));
		var toctogglelink = document.createElement(&quot;a&quot;);
		toctogglelink.className = &quot;internal&quot;;
		toctogglelink.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, &quot;#tw-tocshowhide&quot;);
		toctogglelink.textContent = &quot;hide&quot;;
		toctoggle.appendChild(toctogglelink);
		toctoggle.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;]&quot;));
		toctitle.appendChild(toctoggle);
		toctable.appendChild(toctitle);
		// create item container: this is what we add stuff to
		var tocul = document.createElement(&quot;ul&quot;);
		toctogglelink.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, function twinkleconfigTocToggle() {
			var $tocul = $(tocul);
			$tocul.toggle();
			if ($tocul.find(&quot;:visible&quot;).length) {
				toctogglelink.textContent = &quot;hide&quot;;
			} else {
				toctogglelink.textContent = &quot;show&quot;;
			}
		}, false);
		toctable.appendChild(tocul);
		contentdiv.appendChild(toctable);

		var tocnumber = 1;

		var contentform = document.createElement(&quot;form&quot;);
		contentform.setAttribute(&quot;action&quot;, &quot;javascript:void(0)&quot;);  // was #tw-save - changed to void(0) to work around Chrome issue
		contentform.addEventListener(&quot;submit&quot;, Twinkle.config.save, true);
		contentdiv.appendChild(contentform);

		var container = document.createElement(&quot;table&quot;);
		container.style.width = &quot;100%&quot;;
		contentform.appendChild(container);

		$(Twinkle.config.sections).each(function(sectionkey, section) {
			if (section.hidden || (section.adminOnly &amp;&amp; !Morebits.userIsInGroup(&quot;sysop&quot;))) {
				return true;  // i.e. &quot;continue&quot; in this context
			}

			var configgetter;  // retrieve the live config values
			if (section.inFriendlyConfig) {
				configgetter = Twinkle.getFriendlyPref;
			} else {
				configgetter = Twinkle.getPref;
			}

			// add to TOC
			var tocli = document.createElement(&quot;li&quot;);
			tocli.className = &quot;toclevel-1&quot;;
			var toca = document.createElement(&quot;a&quot;);
			toca.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, &quot;#twinkle-config-section-&quot; + tocnumber.toString());
			toca.appendChild(document.createTextNode(section.title));
			tocli.appendChild(toca);
			tocul.appendChild(tocli);

			var row = document.createElement(&quot;tr&quot;);
			var cell = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);
			cell.setAttribute(&quot;colspan&quot;, &quot;3&quot;);
			var heading = document.createElement(&quot;h4&quot;);
			heading.style.borderBottom = &quot;1px solid gray&quot;;
			heading.style.marginTop = &quot;0.2em&quot;;
			heading.id = &quot;twinkle-config-section-&quot; + (tocnumber++).toString();
			heading.appendChild(document.createTextNode(section.title));
			cell.appendChild(heading);
			row.appendChild(cell);
			container.appendChild(row);

			var rowcount = 1;  // for row banding

			// add each of the preferences to the form
			$(section.preferences).each(function(prefkey, pref) {
				if (pref.adminOnly &amp;&amp; !Morebits.userIsInGroup(&quot;sysop&quot;)) {
					return true;  // i.e. &quot;continue&quot; in this context
				}

				row = document.createElement(&quot;tr&quot;);
				row.style.marginBottom = &quot;0.2em&quot;;
				// create odd row banding
				if (rowcount++ % 2 === 0) {
					row.style.backgroundColor = &quot;rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.1)&quot;;
				}
				cell = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);

				var label, input;
				switch (pref.type) {

					case &quot;boolean&quot;:  // create a checkbox
						cell.setAttribute(&quot;colspan&quot;, &quot;2&quot;);

						label = document.createElement(&quot;label&quot;);
						input = document.createElement(&quot;input&quot;);
						input.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;checkbox&quot;);
						input.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, pref.name);
						input.setAttribute(&quot;name&quot;, pref.name);
						if (configgetter(pref.name) === true) {
							input.setAttribute(&quot;checked&quot;, &quot;checked&quot;);
						}
						label.appendChild(input);
						label.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot; &quot; + pref.label));
						cell.appendChild(label);
						break;

					case &quot;string&quot;:  // create an input box
					case &quot;integer&quot;:
						// add label to first column
						cell.style.textAlign = &quot;right&quot;;
						cell.style.paddingRight = &quot;0.5em&quot;;
						label = document.createElement(&quot;label&quot;);
						label.setAttribute(&quot;for&quot;, pref.name);
						label.appendChild(document.createTextNode(pref.label + &quot;:&quot;));
						cell.appendChild(label);
						row.appendChild(cell);

						// add input box to second column
						cell = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);
						cell.style.paddingRight = &quot;1em&quot;;
						input = document.createElement(&quot;input&quot;);
						input.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;text&quot;);
						input.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, pref.name);
						input.setAttribute(&quot;name&quot;, pref.name);
						if (pref.type === &quot;integer&quot;) {
							input.setAttribute(&quot;size&quot;, 6);
							input.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;number&quot;);
							input.setAttribute(&quot;step&quot;, &quot;1&quot;);  // integers only
						}
						if (configgetter(pref.name)) {
							input.setAttribute(&quot;value&quot;, configgetter(pref.name));
						}
						cell.appendChild(input);
						break;

					case &quot;enum&quot;:  // create a combo box
						// add label to first column
						// note: duplicates the code above, under string/integer
						cell.style.textAlign = &quot;right&quot;;
						cell.style.paddingRight = &quot;0.5em&quot;;
						label = document.createElement(&quot;label&quot;);
						label.setAttribute(&quot;for&quot;, pref.name);
						label.appendChild(document.createTextNode(pref.label + &quot;:&quot;));
						cell.appendChild(label);
						row.appendChild(cell);

						// add input box to second column
						cell = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);
						cell.style.paddingRight = &quot;1em&quot;;
						input = document.createElement(&quot;select&quot;);
						input.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, pref.name);
						input.setAttribute(&quot;name&quot;, pref.name);
						$.each(pref.enumValues, function(enumvalue, enumdisplay) {
							var option = document.createElement(&quot;option&quot;);
							option.setAttribute(&quot;value&quot;, enumvalue);
							if (configgetter(pref.name) === enumvalue) {
								option.setAttribute(&quot;selected&quot;, &quot;selected&quot;);
							}
							option.appendChild(document.createTextNode(enumdisplay));
							input.appendChild(option);
						});
						cell.appendChild(input);
						break;

					case &quot;set&quot;:  // create a set of check boxes
						// add label first of all
						cell.setAttribute(&quot;colspan&quot;, &quot;2&quot;);
						label = document.createElement(&quot;label&quot;);  // not really necessary to use a label element here, but we do it for consistency of styling
						label.appendChild(document.createTextNode(pref.label + &quot;:&quot;));
						cell.appendChild(label);

						var checkdiv = document.createElement(&quot;div&quot;);
						checkdiv.style.paddingLeft = &quot;1em&quot;;
						var worker = function(itemkey, itemvalue) {
							var checklabel = document.createElement(&quot;label&quot;);
							checklabel.style.marginRight = &quot;0.7em&quot;;
							checklabel.style.display = &quot;inline-block&quot;;
							var check = document.createElement(&quot;input&quot;);
							check.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;checkbox&quot;);
							check.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, pref.name + &quot;_&quot; + itemkey);
							check.setAttribute(&quot;name&quot;, pref.name + &quot;_&quot; + itemkey);
							if (configgetter(pref.name) &amp;&amp; configgetter(pref.name).indexOf(itemkey) !== -1) {
								check.setAttribute(&quot;checked&quot;, &quot;checked&quot;);
							}
							// cater for legacy integer array values for unlinkNamespaces (this can be removed a few years down the track...)
							if (pref.name === &quot;unlinkNamespaces&quot;) {
								if (configgetter(pref.name) &amp;&amp; configgetter(pref.name).indexOf(parseInt(itemkey, 10)) !== -1) {
									check.setAttribute(&quot;checked&quot;, &quot;checked&quot;);
								}
							}
							checklabel.appendChild(check);
							checklabel.appendChild(document.createTextNode(itemvalue));
							checkdiv.appendChild(checklabel);
						};
						if (pref.setDisplayOrder) {
							// add check boxes according to the given display order
							$.each(pref.setDisplayOrder, function(itemkey, item) {
								worker(item, pref.setValues[item]);
							});
						} else {
							// add check boxes according to the order it gets fed to us (probably strict alphabetical)
							$.each(pref.setValues, worker);
						}
						cell.appendChild(checkdiv);
						break;

					case &quot;customList&quot;:
						// add label to first column
						cell.style.textAlign = &quot;right&quot;;
						cell.style.paddingRight = &quot;0.5em&quot;;
						label = document.createElement(&quot;label&quot;);
						label.setAttribute(&quot;for&quot;, pref.name);
						label.appendChild(document.createTextNode(pref.label + &quot;:&quot;));
						cell.appendChild(label);
						row.appendChild(cell);

						// add button to second column
						cell = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);
						cell.style.paddingRight = &quot;1em&quot;;
						var button = document.createElement(&quot;button&quot;);
						button.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, pref.name);
						button.setAttribute(&quot;name&quot;, pref.name);
						button.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;button&quot;);
						button.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, Twinkle.config.listDialog.display, false);
						// use jQuery data on the button to store the current config value
						$(button).data({
							value: configgetter(pref.name),
							pref: pref,
							inFriendlyConfig: section.inFriendlyConfig
						});
						button.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;Edit items&quot;));
						cell.appendChild(button);
						break;

					default:
						alert(&quot;twinkleconfig: unknown data type for preference &quot; + pref.name);
						break;
				}
				row.appendChild(cell);

				// add help tip
				cell = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);
				cell.style.fontSize = &quot;90%&quot;;

				cell.style.color = &quot;gray&quot;;
				if (pref.helptip) {
					// convert mentions of templates in the helptip to clickable links
					cell.innerHTML = pref.helptip.replace(/{{(.+?)}}/g,
						'{{&lt;a href=&quot;' + mw.util.getUrl(&quot;Template:&quot;) + '$1&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/a&gt;}}');
				}
				// add reset link (custom lists don't need this, as their config value isn't displayed on the form)
				if (pref.type !== &quot;customList&quot;) {
					var resetlink = document.createElement(&quot;a&quot;);
					resetlink.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, &quot;#tw-reset&quot;);
					resetlink.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, &quot;twinkle-config-reset-&quot; + pref.name);
					resetlink.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, Twinkle.config.resetPrefLink, false);
					if (resetlink.style.styleFloat) {  // IE (inc. IE9)
						resetlink.style.styleFloat = &quot;right&quot;;
					} else {  // standards
						resetlink.style.cssFloat = &quot;right&quot;;
					}
					resetlink.style.margin = &quot;0 0.6em&quot;;
					resetlink.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;Reset&quot;));
					cell.appendChild(resetlink);
				}
				row.appendChild(cell);

				container.appendChild(row);
				return true;
			});
			return true;
		});

		var footerbox = document.createElement(&quot;div&quot;);
		footerbox.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, &quot;twinkle-config-buttonpane&quot;);
		footerbox.style.backgroundColor = &quot;#BCCADF&quot;;
		footerbox.style.padding = &quot;0.5em&quot;;
		var button = document.createElement(&quot;button&quot;);
		button.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, &quot;twinkle-config-submit&quot;);
		button.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;submit&quot;);
		button.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;Save changes&quot;));
		footerbox.appendChild(button);
		var footerspan = document.createElement(&quot;span&quot;);
		footerspan.className = &quot;plainlinks&quot;;
		footerspan.style.marginLeft = &quot;2.4em&quot;;
		footerspan.style.fontSize = &quot;90%&quot;;
		var footera = document.createElement(&quot;a&quot;);
		footera.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, &quot;#tw-reset-all&quot;);
		footera.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, &quot;twinkle-config-resetall&quot;);
		footera.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, Twinkle.config.resetAllPrefs, false);
		footera.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;Restore defaults&quot;));
		footerspan.appendChild(footera);
		footerbox.appendChild(footerspan);
		contentform.appendChild(footerbox);

		// since all the section headers exist now, we can try going to the requested anchor
		if (location.hash) {
			location.hash = location.hash;
		}

	} else if (mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceNumber&quot;) === mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;).user &amp;&amp;
			mw.config.get(&quot;wgTitle&quot;).indexOf(mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;)) === 0 &amp;&amp;
			mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;).slice(-3) === &quot;.js&quot;) {

		var box = document.createElement(&quot;div&quot;);
		box.setAttribute(&quot;id&quot;, &quot;twinkle-config-headerbox&quot;);
		box.style.border = &quot;1px #f60 solid&quot;;
		box.style.background = &quot;#fed&quot;;
		box.style.padding = &quot;0.6em&quot;;
		box.style.margin = &quot;0.5em auto&quot;;
		box.style.textAlign = &quot;center&quot;;

		var link,
			scriptPageName = mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;).slice(mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;).lastIndexOf(&quot;/&quot;) + 1,
				mw.config.get(&quot;wgPageName&quot;).lastIndexOf(&quot;.js&quot;));

		if (scriptPageName === &quot;twinkleoptions&quot;) {
			// place &quot;why not try the preference panel&quot; notice
			box.style.fontWeight = &quot;bold&quot;;
			box.style.width = &quot;80%&quot;;
			box.style.borderWidth = &quot;2px&quot;;

			if (mw.config.get(&quot;wgArticleId&quot;) &gt; 0) {  // page exists
				box.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;This page contains your Twinkle preferences. You can change them using the &quot;));
			} else {  // page does not exist
				box.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;You can customize Twinkle to suit your preferences by using the &quot;));
			}
			link = document.createElement(&quot;a&quot;);
			link.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, mw.util.getUrl(mw.config.get(&quot;wgFormattedNamespaces&quot;)[mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;).project] + &quot;:Twinkle/Preferences&quot;) );
			link.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;Twinkle preferences panel&quot;));
			box.appendChild(link);
			box.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;, or by editing this page.&quot;));
			$(box).insertAfter($(&quot;#contentSub&quot;));

		} else if ([&quot;monobook&quot;, &quot;vector&quot;, &quot;cologneblue&quot;, &quot;modern&quot;, &quot;common&quot;].indexOf(scriptPageName) !== -1) {
			// place &quot;Looking for Twinkle options?&quot; notice
			box.style.width = &quot;60%&quot;;

			box.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;If you want to set Twinkle preferences, you can use the &quot;));
			link = document.createElement(&quot;a&quot;);
			link.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, mw.util.getUrl(mw.config.get(&quot;wgFormattedNamespaces&quot;)[mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;).project] + &quot;:Twinkle/Preferences&quot;) );
			link.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;Twinkle preferences panel&quot;));
			box.appendChild(link);
			box.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&quot;.&quot;));
			$(box).insertAfter($(&quot;#contentSub&quot;));
		}
	}
};

// Morebits.wiki.page callback from init code
Twinkle.config.legacyPrefsNotice = function twinkleconfigLegacyPrefsNotice(pageobj) {
	var text = pageobj.getPageText();
	var contentnotice = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();
	if (text.indexOf(&quot;TwinkleConfig&quot;) !== -1 || text.indexOf(&quot;FriendlyConfig&quot;) !== -1) {
		contentnotice.innerHTML = '&lt;table class=&quot;plainlinks ombox ombox-content&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;mbox-image&quot;&gt;' +
			'&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/38/Imbox_content.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;' +
			'&lt;td class=&quot;mbox-text&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;Before modifying your settings here,&lt;/b&gt; you must remove your old Twinkle and Friendly settings from your personal skin JavaScript.&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/p&gt;' +
			'&lt;p&gt;To do this, you can &lt;a href=&quot;' + mw.config.get(&quot;wgScript&quot;) + '?title=User:' + encodeURIComponent(mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;)) + '/' + mw.config.get(&quot;skin&quot;) + '.js&amp;action=edit&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;edit your personal JavaScript&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, removing all lines of code that refer to &lt;code&gt;TwinkleConfig&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;FriendlyConfig&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;' +
			'&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;';
	} else {
		$(contentnotice).remove();
	}
};

// custom list-related stuff

Twinkle.config.listDialog = {};

Twinkle.config.listDialog.addRow = function twinkleconfigListDialogAddRow(dlgtable, value, label) {
	var contenttr = document.createElement(&quot;tr&quot;);
	// &quot;remove&quot; button
	var contenttd = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);
	var removeButton = document.createElement(&quot;button&quot;);
	removeButton.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;button&quot;);
	removeButton.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, function() { $(contenttr).remove(); }, false);
	removeButton.textContent = &quot;Remove&quot;;
	contenttd.appendChild(removeButton);
	contenttr.appendChild(contenttd);

	// value input box
	contenttd = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);
	var input = document.createElement(&quot;input&quot;);
	input.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;text&quot;);
	input.className = &quot;twinkle-config-customlist-value&quot;;
	input.style.width = &quot;97%&quot;;
	if (value) {
		input.setAttribute(&quot;value&quot;, value);
	}
	contenttd.appendChild(input);
	contenttr.appendChild(contenttd);

	// label input box
	contenttd = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);
	input = document.createElement(&quot;input&quot;);
	input.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;text&quot;);
	input.className = &quot;twinkle-config-customlist-label&quot;;
	input.style.width = &quot;98%&quot;;
	if (label) {
		input.setAttribute(&quot;value&quot;, label);
	}
	contenttd.appendChild(input);
	contenttr.appendChild(contenttd);

	dlgtable.appendChild(contenttr);
};

Twinkle.config.listDialog.display = function twinkleconfigListDialogDisplay(e) {
	var $prefbutton = $(e.target);
	var curvalue = $prefbutton.data(&quot;value&quot;);
	var curpref = $prefbutton.data(&quot;pref&quot;);

	var dialog = new Morebits.simpleWindow(720, 400);
	dialog.setTitle(curpref.label);
	dialog.setScriptName(&quot;Twinkle preferences&quot;);

	var dialogcontent = document.createElement(&quot;div&quot;);
	var dlgtable = document.createElement(&quot;table&quot;);
	dlgtable.className = &quot;wikitable&quot;;
	dlgtable.style.margin = &quot;1.4em 1em&quot;;
	dlgtable.style.width = &quot;auto&quot;;

	var dlgtbody = document.createElement(&quot;tbody&quot;);

	// header row
	var dlgtr = document.createElement(&quot;tr&quot;);
	// top-left cell
	var dlgth = document.createElement(&quot;th&quot;);
	dlgth.style.width = &quot;5%&quot;;
	dlgtr.appendChild(dlgth);
	// value column header
	dlgth = document.createElement(&quot;th&quot;);
	dlgth.style.width = &quot;35%&quot;;
	dlgth.textContent = (curpref.customListValueTitle ? curpref.customListValueTitle : &quot;Value&quot;);
	dlgtr.appendChild(dlgth);
	// label column header
	dlgth = document.createElement(&quot;th&quot;);
	dlgth.style.width = &quot;60%&quot;;
	dlgth.textContent = (curpref.customListLabelTitle ? curpref.customListLabelTitle : &quot;Label&quot;);
	dlgtr.appendChild(dlgth);
	dlgtbody.appendChild(dlgtr);

	// content rows
	var gotRow = false;
	$.each(curvalue, function(k, v) {
		gotRow = true;
		Twinkle.config.listDialog.addRow(dlgtbody, v.value, v.label);
	});
	// if there are no values present, add a blank row to start the user off
	if (!gotRow) {
		Twinkle.config.listDialog.addRow(dlgtbody);
	}

	// final &quot;add&quot; button
	var dlgtfoot = document.createElement(&quot;tfoot&quot;);
	dlgtr = document.createElement(&quot;tr&quot;);
	var dlgtd = document.createElement(&quot;td&quot;);
	dlgtd.setAttribute(&quot;colspan&quot;, &quot;3&quot;);
	var addButton = document.createElement(&quot;button&quot;);
	addButton.style.minWidth = &quot;8em&quot;;
	addButton.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;button&quot;);
	addButton.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, function() {
		Twinkle.config.listDialog.addRow(dlgtbody);
	}, false);
	addButton.textContent = &quot;Add&quot;;
	dlgtd.appendChild(addButton);
	dlgtr.appendChild(dlgtd);
	dlgtfoot.appendChild(dlgtr);

	dlgtable.appendChild(dlgtbody);
	dlgtable.appendChild(dlgtfoot);
	dialogcontent.appendChild(dlgtable);

	// buttonpane buttons: [Save changes] [Reset] [Cancel]
	var button = document.createElement(&quot;button&quot;);
	button.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;submit&quot;);  // so Morebits.simpleWindow puts the button in the button pane
	button.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, function() {
		Twinkle.config.listDialog.save($prefbutton, dlgtbody);
		dialog.close();
	}, false);
	button.textContent = &quot;Save changes&quot;;
	dialogcontent.appendChild(button);
	button = document.createElement(&quot;button&quot;);
	button.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;submit&quot;);  // so Morebits.simpleWindow puts the button in the button pane
	button.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, function() {
		Twinkle.config.listDialog.reset($prefbutton, dlgtbody);
	}, false);
	button.textContent = &quot;Reset&quot;;
	dialogcontent.appendChild(button);
	button = document.createElement(&quot;button&quot;);
	button.setAttribute(&quot;type&quot;, &quot;submit&quot;);  // so Morebits.simpleWindow puts the button in the button pane
	button.addEventListener(&quot;click&quot;, function() {
		dialog.close();  // the event parameter on this function seems to be broken
	}, false);
	button.textContent = &quot;Cancel&quot;;
	dialogcontent.appendChild(button);

	dialog.setContent(dialogcontent);
	dialog.display();
};

// Resets the data value, re-populates based on the new (default) value, then saves the
// old data value again (less surprising behaviour)
Twinkle.config.listDialog.reset = function twinkleconfigListDialogReset(button, tbody) {
	// reset value on button
	var $button = $(button);
	var curpref = $button.data(&quot;pref&quot;);
	var oldvalue = $button.data(&quot;value&quot;);
	Twinkle.config.resetPref(curpref, $button.data(&quot;inFriendlyConfig&quot;));

	// reset form
	var $tbody = $(tbody);
	$tbody.find(&quot;tr&quot;).slice(1).remove();  // all rows except the first (header) row
	// add the new values
	var curvalue = $button.data(&quot;value&quot;);
	$.each(curvalue, function(k, v) {
		Twinkle.config.listDialog.addRow(tbody, v.value, v.label);
	});

	// save the old value
	$button.data(&quot;value&quot;, oldvalue);
};

Twinkle.config.listDialog.save = function twinkleconfigListDialogSave(button, tbody) {
	var result = [];
	var current = {};
	$(tbody).find('input[type=&quot;text&quot;]').each(function(inputkey, input) {
		if ($(input).hasClass(&quot;twinkle-config-customlist-value&quot;)) {
			current = { value: input.value };
		} else {
			current.label = input.value;
			// exclude totally empty rows
			if (current.value || current.label) {
				result.push(current);
			}
		}
	});
	$(button).data(&quot;value&quot;, result);
};

// reset/restore defaults

Twinkle.config.resetPrefLink = function twinkleconfigResetPrefLink(e) {
	var wantedpref = e.target.id.substring(21); // &quot;twinkle-config-reset-&quot; prefix is stripped

	// search tactics
	$(Twinkle.config.sections).each(function(sectionkey, section) {
		if (section.hidden || (section.adminOnly &amp;&amp; !Morebits.userIsInGroup(&quot;sysop&quot;))) {
			return true;  // continue: skip impossibilities
		}

		var foundit = false;

		$(section.preferences).each(function(prefkey, pref) {
			if (pref.name !== wantedpref) {
				return true;  // continue
			}
			Twinkle.config.resetPref(pref, section.inFriendlyConfig);
			foundit = true;
			return false;  // break
		});

		if (foundit) {
			return false;  // break
		}
	});
	return false;  // stop link from scrolling page
};

Twinkle.config.resetPref = function twinkleconfigResetPref(pref, inFriendlyConfig) {
	switch (pref.type) {

		case &quot;boolean&quot;:
			document.getElementById(pref.name).checked = (inFriendlyConfig ?
				Twinkle.defaultConfig.friendly[pref.name] : Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle[pref.name]);
			break;

		case &quot;string&quot;:
		case &quot;integer&quot;:
		case &quot;enum&quot;:
			document.getElementById(pref.name).value = (inFriendlyConfig ?
				Twinkle.defaultConfig.friendly[pref.name] : Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle[pref.name]);
			break;

		case &quot;set&quot;:
			$.each(pref.setValues, function(itemkey) {
				if (document.getElementById(pref.name + &quot;_&quot; + itemkey)) {
					document.getElementById(pref.name + &quot;_&quot; + itemkey).checked = ((inFriendlyConfig ?
						Twinkle.defaultConfig.friendly[pref.name] : Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle[pref.name]).indexOf(itemkey) !== -1);
				}
			});
			break;

		case &quot;customList&quot;:
			$(document.getElementById(pref.name)).data(&quot;value&quot;, (inFriendlyConfig ?
				Twinkle.defaultConfig.friendly[pref.name] : Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle[pref.name]));
			break;

		default:
			alert(&quot;twinkleconfig: unknown data type for preference &quot; + pref.name);
			break;
	}
};

Twinkle.config.resetAllPrefs = function twinkleconfigResetAllPrefs() {
	// no confirmation message - the user can just refresh/close the page to abort
	$(Twinkle.config.sections).each(function(sectionkey, section) {
		if (section.hidden || (section.adminOnly &amp;&amp; !Morebits.userIsInGroup(&quot;sysop&quot;))) {
			return true;  // continue: skip impossibilities
		}
		$(section.preferences).each(function(prefkey, pref) {
			if (!pref.adminOnly || Morebits.userIsInGroup(&quot;sysop&quot;)) {
				Twinkle.config.resetPref(pref, section.inFriendlyConfig);
			}
		});
		return true;
	});
	return false;  // stop link from scrolling page
};

Twinkle.config.save = function twinkleconfigSave(e) {
	Morebits.status.init( document.getElementById(&quot;twinkle-config-content&quot;) );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Save&quot;;

	var userjs = mw.config.get(&quot;wgFormattedNamespaces&quot;)[mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;).user] + &quot;:&quot; + mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;) + &quot;/twinkleoptions.js&quot;;
	var wikipedia_page = new Morebits.wiki.page(userjs, &quot;Saving preferences to &quot; + userjs);
	wikipedia_page.setCallbackParameters(e.target);
	wikipedia_page.load(Twinkle.config.writePrefs);

	return false;
};

// The JSON stringify method in the following code was excerpted from
// http://www.JSON.org/json2.js
// version of 2011-02-23

// Douglas Crockford, the code's author, has released it into the Public Domain.
// See http://www.JSON.org/js.html

var JSON;
if (!JSON) {
	JSON = {};
}

(function() {
	var escapable = /[\\&quot;\x00-\x1f\x7f-\x9f\u00ad\u0600-\u0604\u070f\u17b4\u17b5\u200c-\u200f\u2028-\u202f\u2060-\u206f\ufeff\ufff0-\uffff]/g, // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
		gap,
		indent = '  ',  // hardcoded indent
		meta = { '\b': '\\b', '\t': '\\t', '\n': '\\n', '\f': '\\f', '\r': '\\r', '&quot;' : '\\&quot;', '\\': '\\\\' };

	function quote(string) {
		escapable.lastIndex = 0;
		return escapable.test(string) ? '&quot;' + string.replace(escapable, function (a) {
			var c = meta[a];
			return typeof c === 'string' ? c :	'\\u' + ('0000' + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
		}) + '&quot;' : '&quot;' + string + '&quot;';
	}

	function str(key, holder) {
		var i, k, v, length, mind = gap, partial, value = holder[key];

		if (value &amp;&amp; typeof value === 'object' &amp;&amp; $.isFunction(value.toJSON)) {
			value = value.toJSON(key);
		}

		switch (typeof value) {
		case 'string':
			return quote(value);
		case 'number':
			return isFinite(value) ? String(value) : 'null';
		case 'boolean':
		case 'null':
			return String(value);
		case 'object':
			if (!value) {
				return 'null';
			}
			gap += indent;
			partial = [];
			if ($.isArray(value)) {
				length = value.length;
				for (i = 0; i &lt; length; ++i) {
					partial[i] = str(i, value) || 'null';
				}
				v = partial.length === 0 ? '[]' : gap ?
					'[\n' + gap + partial.join(',\n' + gap) + '\n' + mind + ']' :
					'[' + partial.join(',') + ']';
				gap = mind;
				return v;
			}
			for (k in value) {
				if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {
					v = str(k, value);
					if (v) {
						partial.push(quote(k) + (gap ? ': ' : ':') + v);
					}
				}
			}
			v = partial.length === 0 ? '{}' : gap ?
				'{\n' + gap + partial.join(',\n' + gap) + '\n' + mind + '}' :
				'{' + partial.join(',') + '}';
			gap = mind;
			return v;
		default:
			throw new Error( &quot;JSON.stringify: unknown data type&quot; );
		}
	}

	if (!$.isFunction(JSON.stringify)) {
		JSON.stringify = function (value, ignoredParam1, ignoredParam2) {
			ignoredParam1 = ignoredParam2;  // boredom
			gap = '';
			return str('', {'': value});
		};
	}
}());

Twinkle.config.writePrefs = function twinkleconfigWritePrefs(pageobj) {
	var form = pageobj.getCallbackParameters();

	// this is the object which gets serialized into JSON
	var newConfig = {
		twinkle: {},
		friendly: {}
	};

	// keeping track of all preferences that we encounter
	// any others that are set in the user's current config are kept
	// this way, preferences that this script doesn't know about are not lost
	// (it does mean obsolete prefs will never go away, but... ah well...)
	var foundTwinklePrefs = [], foundFriendlyPrefs = [];

	// a comparison function is needed later on
	// it is just enough for our purposes (i.e. comparing strings, numbers, booleans,
	// arrays of strings, and arrays of { value, label })
	// and it is not very robust: e.g. compare([2], [&quot;2&quot;]) === true, and
	// compare({}, {}) === false, but it's good enough for our purposes here
	var compare = function(a, b) {
		if ($.isArray(a)) {
			if (a.length !== b.length) {
				return false;
			}
			var asort = a.sort(), bsort = b.sort();
			for (var i = 0; asort[i]; ++i) {
				// comparison of the two properties of custom lists
				if ((typeof asort[i] === &quot;object&quot;) &amp;&amp; (asort[i].label !== bsort[i].label ||
					asort[i].value !== bsort[i].value)) {
					return false;
				} else if (asort[i].toString() !== bsort[i].toString()) {
					return false;
				}
			}
			return true;
		} else {
			return a === b;
		}
	};

	$(Twinkle.config.sections).each(function(sectionkey, section) {
		if (section.adminOnly &amp;&amp; !Morebits.userIsInGroup(&quot;sysop&quot;)) {
			return;  // i.e. &quot;continue&quot; in this context
		}

		// reach each of the preferences from the form
		$(section.preferences).each(function(prefkey, pref) {
			var userValue;  // = undefined

			// only read form values for those prefs that have them
			if (!section.hidden &amp;&amp; (!pref.adminOnly || Morebits.userIsInGroup(&quot;sysop&quot;))) {
				switch (pref.type) {

					case &quot;boolean&quot;:  // read from the checkbox
						userValue = form[pref.name].checked;
						break;

					case &quot;string&quot;:  // read from the input box or combo box
					case &quot;enum&quot;:
						userValue = form[pref.name].value;
						break;

					case &quot;integer&quot;:  // read from the input box
						userValue = parseInt(form[pref.name].value, 10);
						if (isNaN(userValue)) {
							Morebits.status.warn(&quot;Saving&quot;, &quot;The value you specified for &quot; + pref.name + &quot; (&quot; + pref.value + &quot;) was invalid.  The save will continue, but the invalid data value will be skipped.&quot;);
							userValue = null;
						}
						break;

					case &quot;set&quot;:  // read from the set of check boxes
						userValue = [];
						if (pref.setDisplayOrder) {
							// read only those keys specified in the display order
							$.each(pref.setDisplayOrder, function(itemkey, item) {
								if (form[pref.name + &quot;_&quot; + item].checked) {
									userValue.push(item);
								}
							});
						} else {
							// read all the keys in the list of values
							$.each(pref.setValues, function(itemkey) {
								if (form[pref.name + &quot;_&quot; + itemkey].checked) {
									userValue.push(itemkey);
								}
							});
						}
						break;

					case &quot;customList&quot;:  // read from the jQuery data stored on the button object
						userValue = $(form[pref.name]).data(&quot;value&quot;);
						break;

					default:
						alert(&quot;twinkleconfig: unknown data type for preference &quot; + pref.name);
						break;
				}
			}

			// only save those preferences that are *different* from the default
			if (section.inFriendlyConfig) {
				if (userValue !== undefined &amp;&amp; !compare(userValue, Twinkle.defaultConfig.friendly[pref.name])) {
					newConfig.friendly[pref.name] = userValue;
				}
				foundFriendlyPrefs.push(pref.name);
			} else {
				if (userValue !== undefined &amp;&amp; !compare(userValue, Twinkle.defaultConfig.twinkle[pref.name])) {
					newConfig.twinkle[pref.name] = userValue;
				}
				foundTwinklePrefs.push(pref.name);
			}
		});
	});

	if (Twinkle.prefs) {
		$.each(Twinkle.prefs.twinkle, function(tkey, tvalue) {
			if (foundTwinklePrefs.indexOf(tkey) === -1) {
				newConfig.twinkle[tkey] = tvalue;
			}
		});
		$.each(Twinkle.prefs.friendly, function(fkey, fvalue) {
			if (foundFriendlyPrefs.indexOf(fkey) === -1) {
				newConfig.friendly[fkey] = fvalue;
			}
		});
	}

	var text =
		&quot;// twinkleoptions.js: personal Twinkle preferences file\n&quot; +
		&quot;//\n&quot; +
		&quot;// NOTE: The easiest way to change your Twinkle preferences is by using the\n&quot; +
		&quot;// Twinkle preferences panel, at [[&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]].\n&quot; +
		&quot;//\n&quot; +
		&quot;// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED.  Any changes you make (aside from\n&quot; +
		&quot;// changing the configuration parameters in a valid-JavaScript way) will be\n&quot; +
		&quot;// overwritten the next time you click \&quot;save\&quot; in the Twinkle preferences\n&quot; +
		&quot;// panel.  If modifying this file, make sure to use correct JavaScript.\n&quot; +
		&quot;\n&quot; +
		&quot;window.Twinkle.prefs = &quot;;
	text += JSON.stringify(newConfig, null, 2);
	text +=
		&quot;;\n&quot; +
		&quot;\n&quot; +
		&quot;// End of twinkleoptions.js\n&quot;;

	pageobj.setPageText(text);
	pageobj.setEditSummary(&quot;Saving Twinkle preferences: automatic edit from [[:&quot; + Morebits.pageNameNorm + &quot;]] ([[WP:TW|TW]])&quot;);
	pageobj.setCreateOption(&quot;recreate&quot;);
	pageobj.save(Twinkle.config.saveSuccess);
};

Twinkle.config.saveSuccess = function twinkleconfigSaveSuccess(pageobj) {
	pageobj.getStatusElement().info(&quot;successful&quot;);

	var noticebox = document.createElement(&quot;div&quot;);
	noticebox.className = &quot;successbox&quot;;
	noticebox.style.fontSize = &quot;100%&quot;;
	noticebox.style.marginTop = &quot;2em&quot;;
	noticebox.innerHTML = &quot;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Your Twinkle preferences have been saved.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To see the changes, you will need to &lt;b&gt;clear your browser cache entirely&lt;/b&gt; (see &lt;a href=\&quot;&quot; + mw.util.getUrl(&quot;WP:BYPASS&quot;) + &quot;\&quot; title=\&quot;WP:BYPASS\&quot;&gt;WP:BYPASS&lt;/a&gt; for instructions).&lt;/p&gt;&quot;;
	Morebits.status.root.appendChild(noticebox);
	var noticeclear = document.createElement(&quot;br&quot;);
	noticeclear.style.clear = &quot;both&quot;;
	Morebits.status.root.appendChild(noticeclear);
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>b4x2vdimnyfe7bixfpkjogsajjk4lvr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinklefluff.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5647</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32215</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T19:03:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-24</comment>
      <origin>32215</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="24911" sha1="411d0amwcvxf1o4qwlxwpg6co237luw" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinklefluff.js: Revert/rollback module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Links on history, contributions, and diff pages
 * Active on:              Diff pages, history pages, contributions pages
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

/**
 Twinklefluff revert and antivandalism utility
 */

Twinkle.fluff = {
	auto: function() {
		if( parseInt( Morebits.queryString.get('oldid'), 10) !== mw.config.get('wgCurRevisionId') ) {
			// not latest revision
			alert(&quot;Can't rollback, page has changed in the meantime.&quot;);
			return;
		}

		var vandal = $(&quot;#mw-diff-ntitle2&quot;).find(&quot;a.mw-userlink&quot;).text();

		Twinkle.fluff.revert( Morebits.queryString.get( 'twinklerevert' ), vandal, true );
	},
	normal: function() {

		var spanTag = function( color, content ) {
			var span = document.createElement( 'span' );
			span.style.color = color;
			span.appendChild( document.createTextNode( content ) );
			return span;
		};

		if( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === -1 &amp;&amp; mw.config.get('wgCanonicalSpecialPageName') === &quot;Contributions&quot; ) {
			//Get the username these contributions are for
			var logLink = $('#contentSub').find('a[title^=&quot;Special:Log&quot;]').last();
			if (logLink.length&gt;0) //#215 -- there is no log link on Special:Contributions with no user
			{
				var username = decodeURIComponent(/wiki\/Special:Log\/(.+)$/.exec(logLink.attr(&quot;href&quot;).replace(/_/g, &quot;%20&quot;))[1]);
				if( Twinkle.getPref('showRollbackLinks').indexOf('contribs') !== -1 ||
					( mw.config.get('wgUserName') !== username &amp;&amp; Twinkle.getPref('showRollbackLinks').indexOf('others') !== -1 ) ||
					( mw.config.get('wgUserName') === username &amp;&amp; Twinkle.getPref('showRollbackLinks').indexOf('mine') !== -1 ) ) {
					var list = $(&quot;#mw-content-text&quot;).find(&quot;ul li:has(span.mw-uctop)&quot;);

					var revNode = document.createElement('strong');
					var revLink = document.createElement('a');
					revLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', '[' ) );
					revLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'SteelBlue', 'rollback' ) );
					revLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', ']' ) );
					revNode.appendChild(revLink);

					var revVandNode = document.createElement('strong');
					var revVandLink = document.createElement('a');
					revVandLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', '[' ) );
					revVandLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Red', 'vandalism' ) );
					revVandLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', ']' ) );
					revVandNode.appendChild(revVandLink);

					list.each(function(key, current) {
						var href = $(current).children(&quot;a:eq(1)&quot;).attr(&quot;href&quot;);
						current.appendChild( document.createTextNode(' ') );
						var tmpNode = revNode.cloneNode( true );
						tmpNode.firstChild.setAttribute( 'href', href + '&amp;' + Morebits.queryString.create( { 'twinklerevert': 'norm' } ) );
						current.appendChild( tmpNode );
						current.appendChild( document.createTextNode(' ') );
						tmpNode = revVandNode.cloneNode( true );
						tmpNode.firstChild.setAttribute( 'href', href + '&amp;' + Morebits.queryString.create( { 'twinklerevert': 'vand' } ) );
						current.appendChild( tmpNode );
					});
				}
			}
		} else {

			if( mw.config.get('wgCanonicalSpecialPageName') === &quot;Undelete&quot; ) {
				//You can't rollback deleted pages!
				return;
			}

			var firstRev = $(&quot;div.firstrevisionheader&quot;).length;
			if( firstRev ) {
				// we have first revision here, nothing to do.
				return;
			}

			var otitle, ntitle;
			try {
				var otitle1 = document.getElementById('mw-diff-otitle1');
				var ntitle1 = document.getElementById('mw-diff-ntitle1');
				if (!otitle1 || !ntitle1) {
					return;
				}
				otitle = otitle1.parentNode;
				ntitle = ntitle1.parentNode;
			} catch( e ) {
				// no old, nor new title, nothing to do really, return;
				return;
			}

			var old_rev_url = $(&quot;#mw-diff-otitle1&quot;).find(&quot;strong a&quot;).attr(&quot;href&quot;);

			// Lets first add a [edit this revision] link
			var query = new Morebits.queryString( old_rev_url.split( '?', 2 )[1] );

			var oldrev = query.get('oldid');

			var revertToRevision = document.createElement('div');
			revertToRevision.setAttribute( 'id', 'tw-revert-to-orevision' );
			revertToRevision.style.fontWeight = 'bold';

			var revertToRevisionLink = revertToRevision.appendChild( document.createElement('a') );
			revertToRevisionLink.href = &quot;#&quot;;
			$(revertToRevisionLink).click(function(){
				Twinkle.fluff.revertToRevision(oldrev);
			});
			revertToRevisionLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', '[' ) );
			revertToRevisionLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'SaddleBrown', 'restore this version' ) );
			revertToRevisionLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', ']' ) );

			otitle.insertBefore( revertToRevision, otitle.firstChild );

			if( document.getElementById('differences-nextlink') ) {
				// Not latest revision
				var new_rev_url = $(&quot;#mw-diff-ntitle1&quot;).find(&quot;strong a&quot;).attr(&quot;href&quot;);
				query = new Morebits.queryString( new_rev_url.split( '?', 2 )[1] );
				var newrev = query.get('oldid');
				revertToRevision = document.createElement('div');
				revertToRevision.setAttribute( 'id', 'tw-revert-to-nrevision' );
				revertToRevision.style.fontWeight = 'bold';
				revertToRevisionLink = revertToRevision.appendChild( document.createElement('a') );
				revertToRevisionLink.href = &quot;#&quot;;
				$(revertToRevisionLink).click(function(){
					Twinkle.fluff.revertToRevision(newrev);
				});
				revertToRevisionLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', '[' ) );
				revertToRevisionLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'SaddleBrown', 'restore this version' ) );
				revertToRevisionLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', ']' ) );
				ntitle.insertBefore( revertToRevision, ntitle.firstChild );

				return;
			}
			if( Twinkle.getPref('showRollbackLinks').indexOf('diff') !== -1 ) {
				var vandal = $(&quot;#mw-diff-ntitle2&quot;).find(&quot;a&quot;).first().text();

				var revertNode = document.createElement('div');
				revertNode.setAttribute( 'id', 'tw-revert' );

				var agfNode = document.createElement('strong');
				var vandNode = document.createElement('strong');
				var normNode = document.createElement('strong');

				var agfLink = document.createElement('a');
				var vandLink = document.createElement('a');
				var normLink = document.createElement('a');

				agfLink.href = &quot;#&quot;;
				vandLink.href = &quot;#&quot;;
				normLink.href = &quot;#&quot;;
				$(agfLink).click(function(){
					Twinkle.fluff.revert('agf', vandal);
				});
				$(vandLink).click(function(){
					Twinkle.fluff.revert('vand', vandal);
				});
				$(normLink).click(function(){
					Twinkle.fluff.revert('norm', vandal);
				});

				agfLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', '[' ) );
				agfLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'DarkOliveGreen', 'rollback (AGF)' ) );
				agfLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', ']' ) );

				vandLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', '[' ) );
				vandLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Red', 'rollback (VANDAL)' ) );
				vandLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', ']' ) );

				normLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', '[' ) );
				normLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'SteelBlue', 'rollback' ) );
				normLink.appendChild( spanTag( 'Black', ']' ) );

				agfNode.appendChild(agfLink);
				vandNode.appendChild(vandLink);
				normNode.appendChild(normLink);

				revertNode.appendChild( agfNode );
				revertNode.appendChild( document.createTextNode(' || ') );
				revertNode.appendChild( normNode );
				revertNode.appendChild( document.createTextNode(' || ') );
				revertNode.appendChild( vandNode );

				ntitle.insertBefore( revertNode, ntitle.firstChild );
			}
		}
	}
};

Twinkle.fluff.revert = function revertPage( type, vandal, autoRevert, rev, page ) {
	if (mw.util.isIPv6Address(vandal)) {
		vandal = Morebits.sanitizeIPv6(vandal);
	}

	var pagename = page || mw.config.get('wgPageName');
	var revid = rev || mw.config.get('wgCurRevisionId');

	Morebits.status.init( document.getElementById('mw-content-text') );
	$( '#catlinks' ).remove();

	var params = {
		type: type,
		user: vandal,
		pagename: pagename,
		revid: revid,
		autoRevert: !!autoRevert
	};
	var query = {
		'action': 'query',
		'prop': ['info', 'revisions', 'flagged'],
		'titles': pagename,
		'rvlimit': 50, // max possible
		'rvprop': [ 'ids', 'timestamp', 'user', 'comment' ],
		'intoken': 'edit'
	};
	var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Grabbing data of earlier revisions', query, Twinkle.fluff.callbacks.main );
	wikipedia_api.params = params;
	wikipedia_api.post();
};

Twinkle.fluff.revertToRevision = function revertToRevision( oldrev ) {

	Morebits.status.init( document.getElementById('mw-content-text') );

	var query = {
		'action': 'query',
		'prop': ['info',  'revisions'],
		'titles': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
		'rvlimit': 1,
		'rvstartid': oldrev,
		'rvprop': [ 'ids', 'timestamp', 'user', 'comment' ],
		'intoken': 'edit',
		'format': 'xml'
	};
	var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Grabbing data of the earlier revision', query, Twinkle.fluff.callbacks.toRevision.main );
	wikipedia_api.params = { rev: oldrev };
	wikipedia_api.post();
};

Twinkle.fluff.userIpLink = function( user ) {
	return (mw.util.isIPAddress(user) ? &quot;[[Special:Contributions/&quot; : &quot;[[:User:&quot; ) + user + &quot;|&quot; + user + &quot;]]&quot;;
};

Twinkle.fluff.callbacks = {
	toRevision: {
		main: function( self ) {
			var xmlDoc = self.responseXML;

			var lastrevid = parseInt( $(xmlDoc).find('page').attr('lastrevid'), 10);
			var touched = $(xmlDoc).find('page').attr('touched');
			var starttimestamp = $(xmlDoc).find('page').attr('starttimestamp');
			var edittoken = $(xmlDoc).find('page').attr('edittoken');
			var revertToRevID = $(xmlDoc).find('rev').attr('revid');
			var revertToUser = $(xmlDoc).find('rev').attr('user');

			if (revertToRevID !== self.params.rev) {
				self.statitem.error( 'The retrieved revision does not match the requested revision.  Aborting.' );
				return;
			}

			var optional_summary = prompt( &quot;Please specify a reason for the revert:                                &quot;, &quot;&quot; );  // padded out to widen prompt in Firefox
			if (optional_summary === null)
			{
				self.statelem.error( 'Aborted by user.' );
				return;
			}
			var summary = Twinkle.fluff.formatSummary(&quot;Reverted to revision &quot; + revertToRevID + &quot; by $USER&quot;, revertToUser, optional_summary);

			var query = {
				'action': 'edit',
				'title': mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
				'summary': summary,
				'token': edittoken,
				'undo': lastrevid,
				'undoafter': revertToRevID,
				'basetimestamp': touched,
				'starttimestamp': starttimestamp,
				'watchlist': Twinkle.getPref('watchRevertedPages').indexOf( 'torev' ) !== -1 ? 'watch' : undefined,
				'minor': Twinkle.getPref('markRevertedPagesAsMinor').indexOf( 'torev' ) !== -1  ? true : undefined
			};

			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Reversion completed&quot;;

			var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Saving reverted contents', query, Twinkle.fluff.callbacks.complete, self.statelem);
			wikipedia_api.params = self.params;
			wikipedia_api.post();

		}
	},
	main: function( self ) {
		var xmlDoc = self.responseXML;

		var lastrevid = parseInt( $(xmlDoc).find('page').attr('lastrevid'), 10);
		var touched = $(xmlDoc).find('page').attr('touched');
		var starttimestamp = $(xmlDoc).find('page').attr('starttimestamp');
		var edittoken = $(xmlDoc).find('page').attr('edittoken');
		var lastuser = $(xmlDoc).find('rev').attr('user');

		var revs = $(xmlDoc).find('rev');

		if( revs.length &lt; 1 ) {
			self.statelem.error( 'We have less than one additional revision, thus impossible to revert' );
			return;
		}
		var top = revs[0];
		if( lastrevid &lt; self.params.revid ) {
			Morebits.status.error( 'Error', [ 'The most recent revision ID received from the server, ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', lastrevid ), ', is less than the ID of the displayed revision. This could indicate that the current revision has been deleted, the server is lagging, or that bad data has been received. Will stop proceeding at this point.' ] );
			return;
		}
		var index = 1;
		if( self.params.revid !== lastrevid  ) {
			Morebits.status.warn( 'Warning', [ 'Latest revision ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', lastrevid ), ' doesn\'t equal our revision ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.revid ) ] );
			if( lastuser === self.params.user ) {
				switch( self.params.type ) {
				case 'vand':
					Morebits.status.info( 'Info', [ 'Latest revision was made by ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.user ) , '. As we assume vandalism, we continue to revert' ]);
					break;
				case 'agf':
					Morebits.status.warn( 'Warning', [ 'Latest revision was made by ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.user ) , '. As we assume good faith, we stop reverting, as the problem might have been fixed.' ]);
					return;
				default:
					Morebits.status.warn( 'Notice', [ 'Latest revision was made by ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.user ) , ', but we will stop reverting anyway.' ] );
					return;
				}
			}
			else if(self.params.type === 'vand' &amp;&amp;
					Twinkle.fluff.whiteList.indexOf( top.getAttribute( 'user' ) ) !== -1 &amp;&amp; revs.length &gt; 1 &amp;&amp;
					revs[1].getAttribute( 'pageId' ) === self.params.revid) {
				Morebits.status.info( 'Info', [ 'Latest revision was made by ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', lastuser ), ', a trusted bot, and the revision before was made by our vandal, so we proceed with the revert.' ] );
				index = 2;
			} else {
				Morebits.status.error( 'Error', [ 'Latest revision was made by ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', lastuser ), ', so it might have already been reverted, stopping  reverting.'] );
				return;
			}

		}

		if( Twinkle.fluff.whiteList.indexOf( self.params.user ) !== -1  ) {
			switch( self.params.type ) {
			case 'vand':
				Morebits.status.info( 'Info', [ 'Vandalism revert was chosen on ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.user ), '. As this is a whitelisted bot, we assume you wanted to revert vandalism made by the previous user instead.' ] );
				index = 2;
				self.params.user = revs[1].getAttribute( 'user' );
				break;
			case 'agf':
				Morebits.status.warn( 'Notice', [ 'Good faith revert was chosen on ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.user ), '. This is a whitelisted bot, and since bots have no faith, AGF rollback will not proceed.' ] );
				return;
			case 'norm':
				/* falls through */
			default:
				var cont = confirm( 'Normal revert was chosen, but the most recent edit was made by a whitelisted bot (' + self.params.user + '). Do you want to revert the revision before instead?' );
				if( cont ) {
					Morebits.status.info( 'Info', [ 'Normal revert was chosen on ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.user ), '. This is a whitelisted bot, and per confirmation, we\'ll revert the previous revision instead.' ] );
					index = 2;
					self.params.user = revs[1].getAttribute( 'user' );
				} else {
					Morebits.status.warn( 'Notice', [ 'Normal revert was chosen on ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.user ), '. This is a whitelisted bot, but per confirmation, revert on top revision will proceed.' ] );
				}
				break;
			}
		}
		var found = false;
		var count = 0;

		for( var i = index; i &lt; revs.length; ++i ) {
			++count;
			if( revs[i].getAttribute( 'user' ) !== self.params.user ) {
				found = i;
				break;
			}
		}

		if( ! found ) {
			self.statelem.error( [ 'No previous revision found. Perhaps ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.user ), ' is the only contributor, or that the user has made more than ' + Twinkle.getPref('revertMaxRevisions') + ' edits in a row.' ] );
			return;
		}

		if( ! count ) {
			Morebits.status.error( 'Error', &quot;We were to revert zero revisions. As that makes no sense, we'll stop reverting this time. It could be that the edit has already been reverted, but the revision ID was still the same.&quot; );
			return;
		}

		var good_revision = revs[ found ];
		var userHasAlreadyConfirmedAction = false;
		if (self.params.type !== 'vand' &amp;&amp; count &gt; 1) {
			if ( !confirm( self.params.user + ' has made ' + count + ' edits in a row. Are you sure you want to revert them all?') ) {
				Morebits.status.info( 'Notice', 'Stopping reverting per user input' );
				return;
			}
			userHasAlreadyConfirmedAction = true;
		}

		self.params.count = count;

		self.params.goodid = good_revision.getAttribute( 'revid' );
		self.params.gooduser = good_revision.getAttribute( 'user' );

		self.statelem.status( [ ' revision ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.goodid ), ' that was made ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', count ), ' revisions ago by ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.gooduser ) ] );

		var summary, extra_summary;
		switch( self.params.type ) {
		case 'agf':
			extra_summary = prompt( &quot;An optional comment for the edit summary:                              &quot;, &quot;&quot; );  // padded out to widen prompt in Firefox
			if (extra_summary === null)
			{
				self.statelem.error( 'Aborted by user.' );
				return;
			}
			userHasAlreadyConfirmedAction = true;

			summary = Twinkle.fluff.formatSummary(&quot;Reverted [[WP:AGF|good faith]] edits by $USER&quot;, self.params.user, extra_summary);
			break;

		case 'vand':

			summary = &quot;Reverted &quot; + self.params.count + (self.params.count &gt; 1 ? ' edits' : ' edit') + &quot; by [[Special:Contributions/&quot; +
				self.params.user + &quot;|&quot; + self.params.user + &quot;]] ([[User talk:&quot; + self.params.user + &quot;|talk]]) to last revision by &quot; +
				self.params.gooduser + &quot;.&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd');
			break;

		case 'norm':
			/* falls through */
		default:
			if( Twinkle.getPref('offerReasonOnNormalRevert') ) {
				extra_summary = prompt( &quot;An optional comment for the edit summary:                              &quot;, &quot;&quot; );  // padded out to widen prompt in Firefox
				if (extra_summary === null)
				{
					self.statelem.error( 'Aborted by user.' );
					return;
				}
				userHasAlreadyConfirmedAction = true;
			}

			summary = Twinkle.fluff.formatSummary(&quot;Reverted &quot; + self.params.count + (self.params.count &gt; 1 ? ' edits' : ' edit') +
				&quot; by $USER&quot;, self.params.user, extra_summary);
			break;
		}

		if (Twinkle.getPref('confirmOnFluff') &amp;&amp; !userHasAlreadyConfirmedAction &amp;&amp; !confirm(&quot;Reverting page: are you sure?&quot;)) {
			self.statelem.error( 'Aborted by user.' );
			return;
		}

		var query;
		if( (!self.params.autoRevert || Twinkle.getPref('openTalkPageOnAutoRevert')) &amp;&amp;
				Twinkle.getPref('openTalkPage').indexOf( self.params.type ) !== -1 &amp;&amp;
				mw.config.get('wgUserName') !== self.params.user ) {
			Morebits.status.info( 'Info', [ 'Opening user talk page edit form for user ', Morebits.htmlNode( 'strong', self.params.user ) ] );

			query = {
				'title': 'User talk:' + self.params.user,
				'action': 'edit',
				'preview': 'yes',
				'vanarticle': self.params.pagename.replace(/_/g, ' '),
				'vanarticlerevid': self.params.revid,
				'vanarticlegoodrevid': self.params.goodid,
				'type': self.params.type,
				'count': self.params.count
			};

			switch( Twinkle.getPref('userTalkPageMode') ) {
			case 'tab':
				window.open( mw.util.wikiScript('index') + '?' + Morebits.queryString.create( query ), '_blank' );
				break;
			case 'blank':
				window.open( mw.util.wikiScript('index') + '?' + Morebits.queryString.create( query ), '_blank',
					'location=no,toolbar=no,status=no,directories=no,scrollbars=yes,width=1200,height=800' );
				break;
			case 'window':
				/* falls through */
			default:
				window.open( mw.util.wikiScript('index') + '?' + Morebits.queryString.create( query ),
					( window.name === 'twinklewarnwindow' ? '_blank' : 'twinklewarnwindow' ),
					'location=no,toolbar=no,status=no,directories=no,scrollbars=yes,width=1200,height=800' );
				break;
			}
		}

		// figure out whether we need to/can review the edit
		var $flagged = $(xmlDoc).find('flagged');
		if ((Morebits.userIsInGroup('reviewer') || Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop')) &amp;&amp;
				$flagged.length &amp;&amp;
				$flagged.attr(&quot;stable_revid&quot;) &gt;= self.params.goodid &amp;&amp;
				$flagged.attr(&quot;pending_since&quot;)) {
			self.params.reviewRevert = true;
			self.params.edittoken = edittoken;
		}

		query = {
			'action': 'edit',
			'title': self.params.pagename,
			'summary': summary,
			'token': edittoken,
			'undo': lastrevid,
			'undoafter': self.params.goodid,
			'basetimestamp': touched,
			'starttimestamp': starttimestamp,
			'watchlist' :  Twinkle.getPref('watchRevertedPages').indexOf( self.params.type ) !== -1 ? 'watch' : undefined,
			'minor': Twinkle.getPref('markRevertedPagesAsMinor').indexOf( self.params.type ) !== -1 ? true : undefined
		};

		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = self.params.pagename;
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Reversion completed&quot;;

		var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api( 'Saving reverted contents', query, Twinkle.fluff.callbacks.complete, self.statelem);
		wikipedia_api.params = self.params;
		wikipedia_api.post();

	},
	complete: function (apiobj) {
		// TODO Most of this is copy-pasted from Morebits.wiki.page#fnSaveSuccess. Unify it
		var xml = apiobj.getXML();
		var $edit = $(xml).find('edit');
		var blacklist = $edit.attr('spamblacklist');
		if (blacklist) {
			var code = document.createElement('code');
			code.style.fontFamily = &quot;monospace&quot;;
			code.appendChild(document.createTextNode(blacklist));
			apiobj.statelem.error(['Could not rollback, because the URL ', code, ' is on the spam blacklist.']);
		} else if ( $(xml).find('captcha').length &gt; 0 ) {
			apiobj.statelem.error(&quot;Could not rollback, because the wiki server wanted you to fill out a CAPTCHA.&quot;);
		} else if ( $edit.attr('code') === 'abusefilter-disallowed' ) {
			apiobj.statelem.error('The edit was disallowed by the edit filter rule &quot;' + $edit.attr('info').substring(17) + '&quot;.');
		} else if ( $edit.attr('info') &amp;&amp; $edit.attr('info').indexOf('Hit AbuseFilter:') === 0 ) {
			var div = document.createElement('div');
			div.className = &quot;toccolours&quot;;
			div.style.fontWeight = &quot;normal&quot;;
			div.style.color = &quot;black&quot;;
			div.innerHTML = $edit.attr('warning');
			apiobj.statelem.error([ 'The following warning was returned by the edit filter: ', div, 'If you wish to proceed with the rollback, please reload this page (F5 or Ctrl+R) and carry it out again. This warning will not appear a second time.' ]);
		} else if ($edit.attr('nochange') === '') {
			apiobj.statelem.warn(&quot;Revision we are reverting to is identical to current revision: Nothing to do&quot;);
		} else {
			apiobj.statelem.info(&quot;done&quot;);

			// review the revert, if needed
			if (apiobj.params.reviewRevert) {
				var query = {
					'action': 'review',
					'revid': $edit.attr('newrevid'),
					'token': apiobj.params.edittoken,
					'comment': Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd').trim()
				};
				var wikipedia_api = new Morebits.wiki.api('Automatically accepting your changes', query);
				wikipedia_api.post();
			}
		}
	}
};

// builtInString should contain the string &quot;$USER&quot;, which will be replaced
// by an appropriate user link
Twinkle.fluff.formatSummary = function(builtInString, userName, userString) {
	var result = builtInString;

	// append user's custom reason with requisite punctuation
	if (userString) {
		result += ': ' + Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(userString);
		if (userString.search(/[.?!;]$/) === -1) {
			result += '.';
		}
	} else {
		result += '.';
	}
	result += Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd');

	// find number of UTF-8 bytes the resulting string takes up, and possibly add
	// a contributions or contributions+talk link if it doesn't push the edit summary
	// over the 255-byte limit
	var resultLen = unescape(encodeURIComponent(result.replace(&quot;$USER&quot;, &quot;&quot;))).length;
	var contribsLink = &quot;[[Special:Contributions/&quot; + userName + &quot;|&quot; + userName + &quot;]]&quot;;
	var contribsLen = unescape(encodeURIComponent(contribsLink)).length;
	if (resultLen + contribsLen &lt;= 255) {
		var talkLink = &quot; ([[User talk:&quot; + userName + &quot;|talk]])&quot;;
		if (resultLen + contribsLen + unescape(encodeURIComponent(talkLink)).length &lt;= 255) {
			result = Morebits.string.safeReplace(result, &quot;$USER&quot;, contribsLink + talkLink);
		} else {
			result = Morebits.string.safeReplace(result, &quot;$USER&quot;, contribsLink);
		}
	} else {
		result = Morebits.string.safeReplace(result, &quot;$USER&quot;, userName);
	}

	return result;
};

Twinkle.fluff.init = function twinklefluffinit() {
	if (Twinkle.userAuthorized)
	{
		// A list of usernames, usually only bots, that vandalism revert is jumped over; that is,
		// if vandalism revert was chosen on such username, then its target is on the revision before.
		// This is for handling quick bots that makes edits seconds after the original edit is made.
		// This only affects vandalism rollback; for good faith rollback, it will stop, indicating a bot
		// has no faith, and for normal rollback, it will rollback that edit.
		Twinkle.fluff.whiteList = [
			'AnomieBOT',
			'SineBot'
		];

		if ( Morebits.queryString.exists( 'twinklerevert' ) ) {
			Twinkle.fluff.auto();
		} else {
			Twinkle.fluff.normal();
		}
	}
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>411d0amwcvxf1o4qwlxwpg6co237luw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinkleprotect.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5648</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32216</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T19:04:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-25</comment>
      <origin>32216</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="48980" sha1="fc2qdctk53uszx1lw392jee7ee0to8n" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinkleprotect.js: Protect/RPP module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;PP&quot;/&quot;RPP&quot;)
 * Active on:              Non-special pages
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

// Note: a lot of code in this module is re-used/called by batchprotect.

Twinkle.protect = function twinkleprotect() {
	if ( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') &lt; 0 ) {
		return;
	}

	Twinkle.addPortletLink(Twinkle.protect.callback, Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') ? &quot;PP&quot; : &quot;RPP&quot;, &quot;tw-rpp&quot;,
		Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') ? &quot;Protect page&quot; : &quot;Request page protection&quot; );
};

Twinkle.protect.callback = function twinkleprotectCallback() {
	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 620, 530 );
	Window.setTitle( Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ? &quot;Apply, request or tag page protection&quot; : &quot;Request or tag page protection&quot; );
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Protection templates&quot;, &quot;Template:Protection templates&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Protection policy&quot;, &quot;WP:PROT&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#protect&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.protect.callback.evaluate );
	var actionfield = form.append( {
			type: 'field',
			label: 'Type of action'
		} );
	if( Morebits.userIsInGroup( 'sysop' ) ) {
		actionfield.append( {
				type: 'radio',
				name: 'actiontype',
				event: Twinkle.protect.callback.changeAction,
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Protect page',
						value: 'protect',
						tooltip: 'Apply actual protection to the page.',
						checked: true
					}
				]
			} );
	}
	actionfield.append( {
			type: 'radio',
			name: 'actiontype',
			event: Twinkle.protect.callback.changeAction,
			list: [
				{
					label: 'Request page protection',
					value: 'request',
					tooltip: 'If you want to request protection via WP:RPP' + (Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop') ? ' instead of doing the protection by yourself.' : '.'),
					checked: !Morebits.userIsInGroup('sysop')
				},
				{
					label: 'Tag page with protection template',
					value: 'tag',
					tooltip: 'If the protecting admin forgot to apply a protection template, or you have just protected the page without tagging, you can use this to apply the appropriate protection tag.',
					disabled: mw.config.get('wgArticleId') === 0
				}
			]
		} );

	form.append({ type: 'field', label: 'Preset', name: 'field_preset' });
	form.append({ type: 'field', label: '1', name: 'field1' });
	form.append({ type: 'field', label: '2', name: 'field2' });

	form.append( { type:'submit' } );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();

	// We must init the controls
	var evt = document.createEvent( &quot;Event&quot; );
	evt.initEvent( 'change', true, true );
	result.actiontype[0].dispatchEvent( evt );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.postfix = false;  // avoid Action: completed notice

	// get current protection level asynchronously
	Twinkle.protect.fetchProtectionLevel();
};

// Contains the current protection level in an object
// Once filled, it will look something like:
// { edit: { level: &quot;sysop&quot;, expiry: &lt;some date&gt;, cascade: true }, ... }
Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels = {};

Twinkle.protect.fetchProtectionLevel = function twinkleprotectFetchProtectionLevel() {

	var api = new mw.Api();
	var protectDeferred = api.get({
		format: 'json',
		indexpageids: true,
		action: 'query',
		list: 'logevents',
		letype: 'protect',
		letitle: mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
		prop: 'info|flagged',
		inprop: 'protection',
		titles: mw.config.get('wgPageName')
	});
	var stableDeferred = api.get({
		format: 'json',
		action: 'query',
		list: 'logevents',
		letype: 'stable',
		letitle: mw.config.get('wgPageName')
	});

	$.when.apply($, [protectDeferred, stableDeferred]).done(function(protectData, stableData){
		var pageid = protectData[0].query.pageids[0];
		var page = protectData[0].query.pages[pageid];
		var current = {};

		$.each(page.protection, function( index, protection ) {
			if (protection.type !== &quot;aft&quot;) {
				current[protection.type] = {
					level: protection.level,
					expiry: protection.expiry,
					cascade: protection.cascade === ''
				};
			}
		});

		if (page.flagged) {
			current.stabilize = {
				level: page.flagged.protection_level,
				expiry: page.flagged.protection_expiry
			};
		}

		// show the protection level and log info
		Twinkle.protect.hasProtectLog = !!protectData[0].query.logevents.length;
		Twinkle.protect.hasStableLog = !!stableData[0].query.logevents.length;
		Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels = current;
		Twinkle.protect.callback.showLogAndCurrentProtectInfo();
	});
};

Twinkle.protect.callback.showLogAndCurrentProtectInfo = function twinkleprotectCallbackShowLogAndCurrentProtectInfo() {
	var currentlyProtected = !$.isEmptyObject(Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels);

	if (Twinkle.protect.hasProtectLog || Twinkle.protect.hasStableLog) {
		var $linkMarkup = $(&quot;&lt;span&gt;&quot;);

		if (Twinkle.protect.hasProtectLog)
			$linkMarkup.append(
				$( '&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;' + mw.util.getUrl('Special:Log', {action: 'view', page: mw.config.get('wgPageName'), type: 'protect'}) + '&quot;&gt;protection log&lt;/a&gt;' ),
				Twinkle.protect.hasStableLog ? $(&quot;&lt;span&gt; &amp;bull; &lt;/span&gt;&quot;) : null
			);
		if (Twinkle.protect.hasStableLog)
			$linkMarkup.append($( '&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;' + mw.util.getUrl('Special:Log', {action: 'view', page: mw.config.get('wgPageName'), type: 'stable'}) + '&quot;&gt;pending changes log&lt;/a&gt;)' ));

		Morebits.status.init($('div[name=&quot;hasprotectlog&quot;] span')[0]);
		Morebits.status.warn(
			currentlyProtected ? 'Previous protections' : 'This page has been protected in the past',
			$linkMarkup[0]
		);
	}

	Morebits.status.init($('div[name=&quot;currentprot&quot;] span')[0]);
	var protectionNode = [], statusLevel = 'info';

	if (currentlyProtected) {
		$.each(Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels, function(type, settings) {
			var label = type === 'stabilize' ? 'Pending Changes' : Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(type);
			protectionNode.push($(&quot;&lt;b&gt;&quot; + label + &quot;: &quot; + settings.level + &quot;&lt;/b&gt;&quot;)[0]);
			if (settings.expiry === 'infinity') {
				protectionNode.push(&quot; (indefinite) &quot;);
			} else {
				protectionNode.push(&quot; (expires &quot; + new Date(settings.expiry).toUTCString() + &quot;) &quot;);
			}
			if (settings.cascade) {
				protectionNode.push(&quot;(cascading) &quot;);
			}
		});
		statusLevel = 'warn';
	} else {
		protectionNode.push($(&quot;&lt;b&gt;no protection&lt;/b&gt;&quot;)[0]);
	}

	Morebits.status[statusLevel](&quot;Current protection level&quot;, protectionNode);
};

Twinkle.protect.callback.changeAction = function twinkleprotectCallbackChangeAction(e) {
	var field_preset;
	var field1;
	var field2;
	var isTemplate = mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceNumber&quot;) === 10 || mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceNumber&quot;) === 828;

	switch (e.target.values) {
		case 'protect':
			field_preset = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: 'field', label: 'Preset', name: 'field_preset' });
			field_preset.append({
					type: 'select',
					name: 'category',
					label: 'Choose a preset:',
					event: Twinkle.protect.callback.changePreset,
					list: (mw.config.get('wgArticleId') ?
						Twinkle.protect.protectionTypes.filter(function(v) {
							return isTemplate || v.label !== 'Template protection';
						}) :
						Twinkle.protect.protectionTypesCreate)
				});

			field2 = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: 'field', label: 'Protection options', name: 'field2' });
			field2.append({ type: 'div', name: 'currentprot', label: ' ' });  // holds the current protection level, as filled out by the async callback
			field2.append({ type: 'div', name: 'hasprotectlog', label: ' ' });
			// for existing pages
			if (mw.config.get('wgArticleId')) {
				field2.append({
						type: 'checkbox',
						name: 'editmodify',
						event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.editmodify,
						list: [
							{
								label: 'Modify edit protection',
								value: 'editmodify',
								tooltip: 'If this is turned off, the edit protection level, and expiry time, will be left as is.',
								checked: true
							}
						]
					});
				var editlevel = field2.append({
						type: 'select',
						name: 'editlevel',
						label: 'Edit protection:',
						event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.editlevel
					});
				editlevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'All',
						value: 'all'
					});
				editlevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Autoconfirmed',
						value: 'autoconfirmed'
					});
				editlevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Extended confirmed',
						value: 'extendedconfirmed'
					});
				if (isTemplate) {
					editlevel.append({
							type: 'option',
							label: 'Template editor',
							value: 'templateeditor'
						});
				}
				editlevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Sysop',
						value: 'sysop',
						selected: true
					});
				field2.append({
						type: 'select',
						name: 'editexpiry',
						label: 'Expires:',
						event: function(e) {
							if (e.target.value === 'custom') {
								Twinkle.protect.doCustomExpiry(e.target);
							}
						},
						// default expiry selection is conditionally set in Twinkle.protect.callback.changePreset
						list: [
							{ label: '1 hour', value: '1 hour' },
							{ label: '2 hours', value: '2 hours' },
							{ label: '3 hours', value: '3 hours' },
							{ label: '6 hours', value: '6 hours' },
							{ label: '12 hours', value: '12 hours' },
							{ label: '1 day', value: '1 day' },
							{ label: '2 days', value: '2 days' },
							{ label: '3 days', value: '3 days' },
							{ label: '4 days', value: '4 days' },
							{ label: '1 week', value: '1 week' },
							{ label: '2 weeks', value: '2 weeks' },
							{ label: '1 month', value: '1 month' },
							{ label: '2 months', value: '2 months' },
							{ label: '3 months', value: '3 months' },
							{ label: '1 year', value: '1 year' },
							{ label: 'indefinite', value:'indefinite' },
							{ label: 'Custom...', value: 'custom' }
						]
					});
				field2.append({
						type: 'checkbox',
						name: 'movemodify',
						event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.movemodify,
						list: [
							{
								label: 'Modify move protection',
								value: 'movemodify',
								tooltip: 'If this is turned off, the move protection level, and expiry time, will be left as is.',
								checked: true
							}
						]
					});
				var movelevel = field2.append({
						type: 'select',
						name: 'movelevel',
						label: 'Move protection:',
						event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.movelevel
					});
				movelevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'All',
						value: 'all'
					});
				movelevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Autoconfirmed',
						value: 'autoconfirmed'
					});
				movelevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Extended confirmed',
						value: 'extendedconfirmed'
					});
				if (isTemplate) {
					movelevel.append({
							type: 'option',
							label: 'Template editor',
							value: 'templateeditor'
						});
				}
				movelevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Sysop',
						value: 'sysop',
						selected: true
					});
				field2.append({
						type: 'select',
						name: 'moveexpiry',
						label: 'Expires:',
						event: function(e) {
							if (e.target.value === 'custom') {
								Twinkle.protect.doCustomExpiry(e.target);
							}
						},
						// default expiry selection is conditionally set in Twinkle.protect.callback.changePreset
						list: [
							{ label: '1 hour', value: '1 hour' },
							{ label: '2 hours', value: '2 hours' },
							{ label: '3 hours', value: '3 hours' },
							{ label: '6 hours', value: '6 hours' },
							{ label: '12 hours', value: '12 hours' },
							{ label: '1 day', value: '1 day' },
							{ label: '2 days', value: '2 days' },
							{ label: '3 days', value: '3 days' },
							{ label: '4 days', value: '4 days' },
							{ label: '1 week', value: '1 week' },
							{ label: '2 weeks', value: '2 weeks' },
							{ label: '1 month', value: '1 month' },
							{ label: '2 months', value: '2 months' },
							{ label: '3 months', value: '3 months' },
							{ label: '1 year', value: '1 year' },
							{ label: 'indefinite', value: 'indefinite' },
							{ label: 'Custom...', value: 'custom' }
						]
					});
				field2.append({
						type: 'checkbox',
						name: 'pcmodify',
						event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.pcmodify,
						list: [
							{
								label: 'Modify pending changes protection',
								value: 'pcmodify',
								tooltip: 'If this is turned off, the pending changes level, and expiry time, will be left as is.',
								checked: true
							}
						]
					});
				var pclevel = field2.append({
						type: 'select',
						name: 'pclevel',
						label: 'Pending changes:',
						event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.pclevel
					});
				pclevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'None',
						value: 'none'
					});
				pclevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Level 1',
						value: 'autoconfirmed',
						selected: true
					});
				pclevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Level 2 (do not use)',
						value: 'review'
					});
				field2.append({
						type: 'select',
						name: 'pcexpiry',
						label: 'Expires:',
						event: function(e) {
							if (e.target.value === 'custom') {
								Twinkle.protect.doCustomExpiry(e.target);
							}
						},
						list: [
							{ label: '1 hour', value: '1 hour' },
							{ label: '2 hours', value: '2 hours' },
							{ label: '3 hours', value: '3 hours' },
							{ label: '6 hours', value: '6 hours' },
							{ label: '12 hours', value: '12 hours' },
							{ label: '1 day', value: '1 day' },
							{ label: '2 days', value: '2 days' },
							{ label: '3 days', value: '3 days' },
							{ label: '4 days', value: '4 days' },
							{ label: '1 week', value: '1 week' },
							{ label: '2 weeks', value: '2 weeks' },
							{ label: '1 month', selected: true, value: '1 month' },
							{ label: '2 months', value: '2 months' },
							{ label: '3 months', value: '3 months' },
							{ label: '1 year', value: '1 year' },
							{ label: 'indefinite', value:'indefinite' },
							{ label: 'Custom...', value: 'custom' }
						]
					});
			} else {  // for non-existing pages
				var createlevel = field2.append({
						type: 'select',
						name: 'createlevel',
						label: 'Create protection:',
						event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.createlevel
					});
				createlevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'All',
						value: 'all'
					});
				createlevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Autoconfirmed',
						value: 'autoconfirmed'
					});
				if (isTemplate) {
					createlevel.append({
							type: 'option',
							label: 'Template editor',
							value: 'templateeditor'
						});
				}
				createlevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Extended confirmed',
						value: 'extendedconfirmed',
						selected: true
					});
				createlevel.append({
						type: 'option',
						label: 'Sysop',
						value: 'sysop'
					});
				field2.append({
						type: 'select',
						name: 'createexpiry',
						label: 'Expires:',
						event: function(e) {
							if (e.target.value === 'custom') {
								Twinkle.protect.doCustomExpiry(e.target);
							}
						},
						list: [
							{ label: '1 hour', value: '1 hour' },
							{ label: '2 hours', value: '2 hours' },
							{ label: '3 hours', value: '3 hours' },
							{ label: '6 hours', value: '6 hours' },
							{ label: '12 hours', value: '12 hours' },
							{ label: '1 day', value: '1 day' },
							{ label: '2 days', value: '2 days' },
							{ label: '3 days', value: '3 days' },
							{ label: '4 days', value: '4 days' },
							{ label: '1 week', value: '1 week' },
							{ label: '2 weeks', value: '2 weeks' },
							{ label: '1 month', value: '1 month' },
							{ label: '2 months', value: '2 months' },
							{ label: '3 months', value: '3 months' },
							{ label: '1 year', value: '1 year' },
							{ label: 'indefinite', selected: true, value: 'indefinite' },
							{ label: 'Custom...', value: 'custom' }
						]
					});
			}
			field2.append({
					type: 'textarea',
					name: 'protectReason',
					label: 'Reason (for protection log):'
				});
			if (!mw.config.get('wgArticleId')) {  // tagging isn't relevant for non-existing pages
				break;
			}
			/* falls through */
		case 'tag':
			field1 = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: 'field', label: 'Tagging options', name: 'field1' });
			field1.append({ type: 'div', name: 'currentprot', label: ' ' });  // holds the current protection level, as filled out by the async callback
			field1.append({ type: 'div', name: 'hasprotectlog', label: ' ' });
			field1.append( {
					type: 'select',
					name: 'tagtype',
					label: 'Choose protection template:',
					list: Twinkle.protect.protectionTags,
					event: Twinkle.protect.formevents.tagtype
				} );
			field1.append( {
					type: 'checkbox',
					list: [
						{
							name: 'small',
							label: 'Iconify (small=yes)',
							tooltip: 'Will use the |small=yes feature of the template, and only render it as a keylock',
							checked: true
						},
						{
							name: 'noinclude',
							label: 'Wrap protection template with &lt;noinclude&gt;',
							tooltip: 'Will wrap the protection template in &amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt; tags, so that it won\'t transclude',
							checked: (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 10)
						}
					]
				} );
			break;

		case 'request':
			field_preset = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: 'field', label: 'Type of protection', name: 'field_preset' });
			field_preset.append({
					type: 'select',
					name: 'category',
					label: 'Type and reason:',
					event: Twinkle.protect.callback.changePreset,
					list: (mw.config.get('wgArticleId') ? Twinkle.protect.protectionTypes : Twinkle.protect.protectionTypesCreate)
				});

			field1 = new Morebits.quickForm.element({ type: 'field', label: 'Options', name: 'field1' });
			field1.append({ type: 'div', name: 'currentprot', label: ' ' });  // holds the current protection level, as filled out by the async callback
			field1.append({ type: 'div', name: 'hasprotectlog', label: ' ' });
			field1.append( {
					type: 'select',
					name: 'expiry',
					label: 'Duration: ',
					list: [
						{ label: 'Temporary', value: 'temporary' },
						{ label: 'Indefinite', value: 'indefinite' },
						{ label: '', selected: true, value: '' }
					]
				} );
			field1.append({
					type: 'textarea',
					name: 'reason',
					label: 'Reason: '
				});
			break;
		default:
			alert(&quot;Something's afoot in twinkleprotect&quot;);
			break;
	}

	var oldfield;

	if (field_preset) {
		oldfield = $(e.target.form).find('fieldset[name=&quot;field_preset&quot;]')[0];
		oldfield.parentNode.replaceChild(field_preset.render(), oldfield);
	} else {
		$(e.target.form).find('fieldset[name=&quot;field_preset&quot;]').css('display', 'none');
	}
	if (field1) {
		oldfield = $(e.target.form).find('fieldset[name=&quot;field1&quot;]')[0];
		oldfield.parentNode.replaceChild(field1.render(), oldfield);
	} else {
		$(e.target.form).find('fieldset[name=&quot;field1&quot;]').css('display', 'none');
	}
	if (field2) {
		oldfield = $(e.target.form).find('fieldset[name=&quot;field2&quot;]')[0];
		oldfield.parentNode.replaceChild(field2.render(), oldfield);
	} else {
		$(e.target.form).find('fieldset[name=&quot;field2&quot;]').css('display', 'none');
	}

	if (e.target.values === 'protect') {
		// fake a change event on the preset dropdown
		var evt = document.createEvent( &quot;Event&quot; );
		evt.initEvent( 'change', true, true );
		e.target.form.category.dispatchEvent( evt );

		// reduce vertical height of dialog
		$(e.target.form).find('fieldset[name=&quot;field2&quot;] select').parent().css({ display: 'inline-block', marginRight: '0.5em' });
	}

	// re-add protection level and log info, if it's available
	Twinkle.protect.callback.showLogAndCurrentProtectInfo();
};

Twinkle.protect.formevents = {
	editmodify: function twinkleprotectFormEditmodifyEvent(e) {
		e.target.form.editlevel.disabled = !e.target.checked;
		e.target.form.editexpiry.disabled = !e.target.checked || (e.target.form.editlevel.value === 'all');
		e.target.form.editlevel.style.color = e.target.form.editexpiry.style.color = (e.target.checked ? &quot;&quot; : &quot;transparent&quot;);
	},
	editlevel: function twinkleprotectFormEditlevelEvent(e) {
		e.target.form.editexpiry.disabled = (e.target.value === 'all');
	},
	movemodify: function twinkleprotectFormMovemodifyEvent(e) {
		// sync move settings with edit settings if applicable
		if (e.target.form.movelevel.disabled &amp;&amp; !e.target.form.editlevel.disabled) {
			e.target.form.movelevel.value = e.target.form.editlevel.value;
			e.target.form.moveexpiry.value = e.target.form.editexpiry.value;
		} else if (e.target.form.editlevel.disabled) {
			e.target.form.movelevel.value = 'sysop';
			e.target.form.moveexpiry.value = 'indefinite';
		}
		e.target.form.movelevel.disabled = !e.target.checked;
		e.target.form.moveexpiry.disabled = !e.target.checked || (e.target.form.movelevel.value === 'all');
		e.target.form.movelevel.style.color = e.target.form.moveexpiry.style.color = (e.target.checked ? &quot;&quot; : &quot;transparent&quot;);
	},
	movelevel: function twinkleprotectFormMovelevelEvent(e) {
		e.target.form.moveexpiry.disabled = (e.target.value === 'all');
	},
	pcmodify: function twinkleprotectFormPcmodifyEvent(e) {
		e.target.form.pclevel.disabled = !e.target.checked;
		e.target.form.pcexpiry.disabled = !e.target.checked || (e.target.form.pclevel.value === 'none');
		e.target.form.pclevel.style.color = e.target.form.pcexpiry.style.color = (e.target.checked ? &quot;&quot; : &quot;transparent&quot;);
	},
	pclevel: function twinkleprotectFormPclevelEvent(e) {
		e.target.form.pcexpiry.disabled = (e.target.value === 'none');
	},
	createlevel: function twinkleprotectFormCreatelevelEvent(e) {
		e.target.form.createexpiry.disabled = (e.target.value === 'all');
	},
	tagtype: function twinkleprotectFormTagtypeEvent(e) {
		e.target.form.small.disabled = e.target.form.noinclude.disabled = (e.target.value === 'none') || (e.target.value === 'noop');
	}
};

Twinkle.protect.doCustomExpiry = function twinkleprotectDoCustomExpiry(target) {
	var custom = prompt('Enter a custom expiry time.  \nYou can use relative times, like &quot;1 minute&quot; or &quot;19 days&quot;, or absolute timestamps, &quot;yyyymmddhhmm&quot; (e.g. &quot;200602011405&quot; is Feb 1, 2006, at 14:05 UTC).', '');
	if (custom) {
		var option = document.createElement('option');
		option.setAttribute('value', custom);
		option.textContent = custom;
		target.appendChild(option);
		target.value = custom;
	} else {
		target.selectedIndex = 0;
	}
};

Twinkle.protect.protectionTypes = [
	{ label: 'Unprotection', value: 'unprotect' },
	{
		label: 'Full protection',
		list: [
			{ label: 'Generic (full)', value: 'pp-protected' },
			{ label: 'Content dispute/edit warring (full)', value: 'pp-dispute' },
			{ label: 'Persistent vandalism (full)', value: 'pp-vandalism' },
			{ label: 'User talk of blocked user (full)', value: 'pp-usertalk' }
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'Template protection',
		list: [
			{ label: 'Highly visible template (TE)', value: 'pp-template' }
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'Extended confirmed protection',
		list: [
			{ label: 'Arbitration enforcement (ECP)', selected: true, value: 'pp-30-500-arb' },
			{ label: 'Persistent vandalism (ECP)', value: 'pp-30-500-vandalism' },
			{ label: 'Disruptive editing (ECP)', value: 'pp-30-500-disruptive' },
			{ label: 'BLP policy violations (ECP)', value: 'pp-30-500-blp' },
			{ label: 'Sockpuppetry (ECP)', value: 'pp-30-500-sock' }
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'Semi-protection',
		list: [
			{ label: 'Generic (semi)', value: 'pp-semi-protected' },
			{ label: 'Persistent vandalism (semi)', selected: true, value: 'pp-semi-vandalism' },
			{ label: 'Disruptive editing (semi)', value: 'pp-semi-disruptive' },
			{ label: 'Adding unsourced content (semi)', value: 'pp-semi-unsourced' },
			{ label: 'BLP policy violations (semi)', value: 'pp-semi-blp' },
			{ label: 'Sockpuppetry (semi)', value: 'pp-semi-sock' },
			{ label: 'User talk of blocked user (semi)', value: 'pp-semi-usertalk' }
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'Pending changes',
		list: [
			{ label: 'Generic (PC)', value: 'pp-pc-protected' },
			{ label: 'Persistent vandalism (PC)', value: 'pp-pc-vandalism' },
			{ label: 'Disruptive editing (PC)', value: 'pp-pc-disruptive' },
			{ label: 'Adding unsourced content (PC)', value: 'pp-pc-unsourced' },
			{ label: 'BLP policy violations (PC)', value: 'pp-pc-blp' }
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'Move protection',
		list: [
			{ label: 'Generic (move)', value: 'pp-move' },
			{ label: 'Dispute/move warring (move)', value: 'pp-move-dispute' },
			{ label: 'Page-move vandalism (move)', value: 'pp-move-vandalism' },
			{ label: 'Highly visible page (move)', value: 'pp-move-indef' }
		]
	}
];

Twinkle.protect.protectionTypesCreate = [
	{ label: 'Unprotection', value: 'unprotect' },
	{
		label: 'Create protection',
		list: [
			{ label: 'Generic ({{pp-create}})', value: 'pp-create' },
			{ label: 'Offensive name', value: 'pp-create-offensive' },
			{ label: 'Repeatedly recreated', selected: true, value: 'pp-create-salt' },
			{ label: 'Recently deleted BLP', value: 'pp-create-blp' }
		]
	}
];

// A page with both regular and PC protection will be assigned its regular
// protection weight plus 2 (for PC1) or 7 (for PC2)
Twinkle.protect.protectionWeight = {
	sysop: 40,
	templateeditor: 30,
	extendedconfirmed: 20,
	flaggedrevs_review: 15,  // Pending Changes level 2 protection alone
	autoconfirmed: 10,
	flaggedrevs_autoconfirmed: 5,  // Pending Changes level 1 protection alone
	all: 0,
	flaggedrevs_none: 0  // just in case
};

// NOTICE: keep this synched with [[MediaWiki:Protect-dropdown]]
// Also note: stabilize = Pending Changes level
Twinkle.protect.protectionPresetsInfo = {
	'pp-protected': {
		edit: 'sysop',
		move: 'sysop',
		reason: null
	},
	'pp-dispute': {
		edit: 'sysop',
		move: 'sysop',
		reason: '[[WP:PP#Content disputes|Edit warring / content dispute]]'
	},
	'pp-vandalism': {
		edit: 'sysop',
		move: 'sysop',
		reason: 'Persistent [[WP:Vandalism|vandalism]]'
	},
	'pp-usertalk': {
		edit: 'sysop',
		move: 'sysop',
		reason: '[[WP:PP#Talk-page protection|Inappropriate use of user talk page while blocked]]'
	},
	'pp-template': {
		edit: 'templateeditor',
		move: 'templateeditor',
		reason: '[[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]]'
	},
	'pp-30-500-arb': {
		edit: 'extendedconfirmed',
		move: 'extendedconfirmed',
		reason: '[[WP:30/500|Arbitration enforcement]]',
		template: 'pp-30-500'
	},
	'pp-30-500-vandalism': {
		edit: 'extendedconfirmed',
		move: 'extendedconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent [[WP:Vandalism|vandalism]] from (auto)confirmed accounts',
		template: 'pp-30-500'
	},
	'pp-30-500-disruptive': {
		edit: 'extendedconfirmed',
		move: 'extendedconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]] from (auto)confirmed accounts',
		template: 'pp-30-500'
	},
	'pp-30-500-blp': {
		edit: 'extendedconfirmed',
		move: 'extendedconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent violations of the [[WP:BLP|biographies of living persons policy]] from (auto)confirmed accounts',
		template: 'pp-30-500'
	},
	'pp-30-500-sock': {
		edit: 'extendedconfirmed',
		move: 'extendedconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent [[WP:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]',
		template: 'pp-30-500'
	},
	'pp-semi-vandalism': {
		edit: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent [[WP:Vandalism|vandalism]]',
		template: 'pp-vandalism'
	},
	'pp-semi-disruptive': {
		edit: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]',
		template: 'pp-protected'
	},
	'pp-semi-unsourced': {
		edit: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent addition of [[WP:INTREF|unsourced or poorly sourced content]]',
		template: 'pp-protected'
	},
	'pp-semi-blp': {
		edit: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: 'Violations of the [[WP:BLP|biographies of living persons policy]]',
		template: 'pp-blp'
	},
	'pp-semi-usertalk': {
		edit: 'autoconfirmed',
		move: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: '[[WP:PP#Talk-page protection|Inappropriate use of user talk page while blocked]]',
		template: 'pp-usertalk'
	},
	'pp-semi-template': {  // removed for now
		edit: 'autoconfirmed',
		move: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: '[[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]]',
		template: 'pp-template'
	},
	'pp-semi-sock': {
		edit: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent [[WP:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]',
		template: 'pp-sock'
	},
	'pp-semi-protected': {
		edit: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: null,
		template: 'pp-protected'
	},
	'pp-pc-vandalism': {
		stabilize: 'autoconfirmed',  // stabilize = Pending Changes
		reason: 'Persistent [[WP:Vandalism|vandalism]]',
		template: 'pp-pc1'
	},
	'pp-pc-disruptive': {
		stabilize: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]',
		template: 'pp-pc1'
	},
	'pp-pc-unsourced': {
		stabilize: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: 'Persistent addition of [[WP:INTREF|unsourced or poorly sourced content]]',
		template: 'pp-pc1'
	},
	'pp-pc-blp': {
		stabilize: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: 'Violations of the [[WP:BLP|biographies of living persons policy]]',
		template: 'pp-pc1'
	},
	'pp-pc-protected': {
		stabilize: 'autoconfirmed',
		reason: null,
		template: 'pp-pc1'
	},
	'pp-move': {
		move: 'sysop',
		reason: null
	},
	'pp-move-dispute': {
		move: 'sysop',
		reason: '[[WP:MOVP|Move warring]]'
	},
	'pp-move-vandalism': {
		move: 'sysop',
		reason: '[[WP:MOVP|Page-move vandalism]]'
	},
	'pp-move-indef': {
		move: 'sysop',
		reason: '[[WP:MOVP|Highly visible page]]'
	},
	'unprotect': {
		edit: 'all',
		move: 'all',
		stabilize: 'none',
		create: 'all',
		reason: null,
		template: 'none'
	},
	'pp-create-offensive': {
		create: 'sysop',
		reason: '[[WP:SALT|Offensive name]]'
	},
	'pp-create-salt': {
		create: 'extendedconfirmed',
		reason: '[[WP:SALT|Repeatedly recreated]]'
	},
	'pp-create-blp': {
		create: 'extendedconfirmed',
		reason: '[[WP:BLPDEL|Recently deleted BLP]]'
	},
	'pp-create': {
		create: 'extendedconfirmed',
		reason: '{{pp-create}}'
	}
};

Twinkle.protect.protectionTags = [
	{
		label: 'None (remove existing protection templates)',
		value: 'none'
	},
	{
		label: 'None (do not remove existing protection templates)',
		value: 'noop'
	},
	{
		label: 'Edit protection templates',
		list: [
			{ label: '{{pp-vandalism}}: vandalism', value: 'pp-vandalism' },
			{ label: '{{pp-dispute}}: dispute/edit war', value: 'pp-dispute', selected: true },
			{ label: '{{pp-blp}}: BLP violations', value: 'pp-blp' },
			{ label: '{{pp-sock}}: sockpuppetry', value: 'pp-sock' },
			{ label: '{{pp-template}}: high-risk template', value: 'pp-template' },
			{ label: '{{pp-usertalk}}: blocked user talk', value: 'pp-usertalk' },
			{ label: '{{pp-protected}}: general protection', value: 'pp-protected' },
			{ label: '{{pp-semi-indef}}: general long-term semi-protection', value: 'pp-semi-indef' },
			{ label: '{{pp-30-500}}: extended confirmed protection', value: 'pp-30-500' }
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'Pending changes templates',
		list: [
			{ label: '{{pp-pc1}}: pending changes level 1', value: 'pp-pc1' }
		]
	},
	{
		label: 'Move protection templates',
		list: [
			{ label: '{{pp-move-dispute}}: dispute/move war', value: 'pp-move-dispute' },
			{ label: '{{pp-move-vandalism}}: page-move vandalism', value: 'pp-move-vandalism' },
			{ label: '{{pp-move-indef}}: general long-term', value: 'pp-move-indef' },
			{ label: '{{pp-move}}: other', value: 'pp-move' }
		]
	}
];

Twinkle.protect.callback.changePreset = function twinkleprotectCallbackChangePreset(e) {
	var form = e.target.form;

	var actiontypes = form.actiontype;
	var actiontype;
	for( var i = 0; i &lt; actiontypes.length; i++ )
	{
		if( !actiontypes[i].checked ) {
			continue;
		}
		actiontype = actiontypes[i].values;
		break;
	}

	if (actiontype === 'protect') {  // actually protecting the page
		var item = Twinkle.protect.protectionPresetsInfo[form.category.value];

		if (mw.config.get('wgArticleId')) {
			if (item.edit) {
				form.editmodify.checked = true;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.editmodify({ target: form.editmodify });
				form.editlevel.value = item.edit;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.editlevel({ target: form.editlevel });
				form.editexpiry.value = '2 days';
			} else {
				form.editmodify.checked = false;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.editmodify({ target: form.editmodify });
			}

			if (item.move) {
				form.movemodify.checked = true;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.movemodify({ target: form.movemodify });
				form.movelevel.value = item.move;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.movelevel({ target: form.movelevel });
				form.moveexpiry.value = '2 days';
			} else {
				form.movemodify.checked = false;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.movemodify({ target: form.movemodify });
			}

			if (item.stabilize) {
				form.pcmodify.checked = true;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.pcmodify({ target: form.pcmodify });
				form.pclevel.value = item.stabilize;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.pclevel({ target: form.pclevel });
			} else {
				form.pcmodify.checked = false;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.pcmodify({ target: form.pcmodify });
			}
		} else {
			if (item.create) {
				form.createlevel.value = item.create;
				Twinkle.protect.formevents.createlevel({ target: form.createlevel });
			}
		}

		var reasonField = (actiontype === &quot;protect&quot; ? form.protectReason : form.reason);
		if (item.reason) {
			reasonField.value = item.reason;
		} else {
			reasonField.value = '';
		}

		// sort out tagging options
		if (mw.config.get('wgArticleId')) {
			if( form.category.value === 'unprotect' ) {
				form.tagtype.value = 'none';
			} else {
				form.tagtype.value = (item.template ? item.template : form.category.value);
			}
			Twinkle.protect.formevents.tagtype({ target: form.tagtype });

			if( /template/.test( form.category.value ) ) {
				form.noinclude.checked = true;
				form.editexpiry.value = form.moveexpiry.value = form.pcexpiry.value = &quot;indefinite&quot;;
			} else if( mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') !== 10 ) {
				form.noinclude.checked = false;
			}
		}

	} else {  // RPP request
		if( form.category.value === 'unprotect' ) {
			form.expiry.value = '';
			form.expiry.disabled = true;
		} else {
			form.expiry.value = '';
			form.expiry.disabled = false;
		}
	}
};

Twinkle.protect.callback.evaluate = function twinkleprotectCallbackEvaluate(e) {
	var form = e.target;

	var actiontypes = form.actiontype;
	var actiontype;
	for( var i = 0; i &lt; actiontypes.length; i++ )
	{
		if( !actiontypes[i].checked ) {
			continue;
		}
		actiontype = actiontypes[i].values;
		break;
	}

	var tagparams;
	if( actiontype === 'tag' || (actiontype === 'protect' &amp;&amp; mw.config.get('wgArticleId')) ) {
		tagparams = {
			tag: form.tagtype.value,
			reason: ((form.tagtype.value === 'pp-protected' || form.tagtype.value === 'pp-semi-protected' || form.tagtype.value === 'pp-move') &amp;&amp; form.protectReason) ? form.protectReason.value : null,
			expiry: (actiontype === 'protect') ?
				(form.editmodify.checked ? form.editexpiry.value :
					(form.movemodify.checked ? form.moveexpiry.value :
						(form.pcmodify.checked ? form.pcexpiry.value : null)
					)
				) : null,
			small: form.small.checked,
			noinclude: form.noinclude.checked
		};
	}

	switch (actiontype) {
		case 'protect':
			// protect the page
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Protection complete&quot;;

			var statusInited = false;
			var thispage;

			var allDone = function twinkleprotectCallbackAllDone() {
				if (thispage) {
					thispage.getStatusElement().info(&quot;done&quot;);
				}
				if (tagparams) {
					Twinkle.protect.callbacks.taggingPageInitial(tagparams);
				}
			};

			var stabilizeValues = {};
			if (form.pclevel) {
				stabilizeValues = {
					pclevel: form.pclevel.value,
					pcexpiry: form.pcexpiry.value,
					protectReason: form.protectReason.value
				};
			}

			var protectIt = function twinkleprotectCallbackProtectIt(next) {
				thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Protecting page&quot;);
				if (mw.config.get('wgArticleId')) {
					if (form.editmodify.checked) {
						thispage.setEditProtection(form.editlevel.value, form.editexpiry.value);
					}
					if (form.movemodify.checked) {
						thispage.setMoveProtection(form.movelevel.value, form.moveexpiry.value);
					}
				} else {
					thispage.setCreateProtection(form.createlevel.value, form.createexpiry.value);
					thispage.setWatchlist(false);
				}

				if (form.protectReason.value) {
					thispage.setEditSummary(form.protectReason.value);
				} else {
					alert(&quot;You must enter a protect reason, which will be inscribed into the protection log.&quot;);
					return;
				}

				if (!statusInited) {
					Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
					Morebits.status.init( form );
					statusInited = true;
				}

				thispage.protect(next);
			};

			var stabilizeIt = function twinkleprotectCallbackStabilizeIt() {
				if (thispage) {
					thispage.getStatusElement().info(&quot;done&quot;);
				}

				thispage = new Morebits.wiki.page(mw.config.get('wgPageName'), &quot;Applying pending changes protection&quot;);
				thispage.setFlaggedRevs(stabilizeValues.pclevel, stabilizeValues.pcexpiry);

				if (stabilizeValues.protectReason) {
					thispage.setEditSummary(stabilizeValues.protectReason);
				} else {
					alert(&quot;You must enter a protect reason, which will be inscribed into the protection log.&quot;);
					return;
				}

				if (!statusInited) {
					Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled(false);
					Morebits.status.init(form);
					statusInited = true;
				}

				thispage.stabilize(allDone);
			};

			if ((form.editmodify &amp;&amp; form.editmodify.checked) || (form.movemodify &amp;&amp; form.movemodify.checked) ||
				!mw.config.get('wgArticleId')) {
				if (form.pcmodify &amp;&amp; form.pcmodify.checked) {
					protectIt(stabilizeIt);
				} else {
					protectIt(allDone);
				}
			} else if (form.pcmodify &amp;&amp; form.pcmodify.checked) {
				stabilizeIt();
			} else {
				alert(&quot;Please give Twinkle something to do! \nIf you just want to tag the page, you can choose the 'Tag page with protection template' option at the top.&quot;);
			}

			break;

		case 'tag':
			// apply a protection template

			Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
			Morebits.status.init( form );

			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = mw.config.get('wgPageName');
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.followRedirect = false;
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Tagging complete&quot;;

			Twinkle.protect.callbacks.taggingPageInitial(tagparams);
			break;

		case 'request':
			// file request at RFPP
			var typename, typereason;
			switch( form.category.value ) {
				case 'pp-dispute':
				case 'pp-vandalism':
				case 'pp-usertalk':
				case 'pp-protected':
					typename = 'full protection';
					break;
				case 'pp-template':
					typename = 'template protection';
					break;
				case 'pp-30-500-arb':
				case 'pp-30-500-vandalism':
				case 'pp-30-500-disruptive':
				case 'pp-30-500-blp':
				case 'pp-30-500-sock':
					typename = 'extended confirmed';
					break;
				case 'pp-semi-vandalism':
				case 'pp-semi-disruptive':
				case 'pp-semi-unsourced':
				case 'pp-semi-usertalk':
				case 'pp-semi-sock':
				case 'pp-semi-blp':
				case 'pp-semi-protected':
					typename = 'semi-protection';
					break;
				case 'pp-pc-vandalism':
				case 'pp-pc-blp':
				case 'pp-pc-protected':
				case 'pp-pc-unsourced':
				case 'pp-pc-disruptive':
					typename = 'pending changes';
					break;
				case 'pp-move':
				case 'pp-move-dispute':
				case 'pp-move-indef':
				case 'pp-move-vandalism':
					typename = 'move protection';
					break;
				case 'pp-create':
				case 'pp-create-offensive':
				case 'pp-create-blp':
				case 'pp-create-salt':
					typename = 'create protection';
					break;
				case 'unprotect':
					/* falls through */
				default:
					typename = 'unprotection';
					break;
			}
			switch (form.category.value) {
				case 'pp-dispute':
					typereason = 'Content dispute/edit warring';
					break;
				case 'pp-vandalism':
				case 'pp-semi-vandalism':
				case 'pp-pc-vandalism':
				case 'pp-30-500-vandalism':
					typereason = 'Persistent [[WP:VAND|vandalism]]';
					break;
				case 'pp-semi-disruptive':
				case 'pp-pc-disruptive':
				case 'pp-30-500-disruptive':
					typereason = 'Persistent [[Wikipedia:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]';
					break;
				case 'pp-semi-unsourced':
				case 'pp-pc-unsourced':
					typereason = 'Persistent addition of [[WP:INTREF|unsourced or poorly sourced content]]';
					break;
				case 'pp-template':
					typereason = '[[WP:HIGHRISK|High-risk template]]';
					break;
				case 'pp-30-500-arb':
					typereason = '[[WP:30/500|Arbitration enforcement]]';
					break;
				case 'pp-usertalk':
				case 'pp-semi-usertalk':
					typereason = 'Inappropriate use of user talk page while blocked';
					break;
				case 'pp-semi-sock':
				case 'pp-30-500-sock':
					typereason = 'Persistent [[WP:SOCK|sockpuppetry]]';
					break;
				case 'pp-semi-blp':
				case 'pp-pc-blp':
				case 'pp-30-500-blp':
					typereason = '[[WP:BLP|BLP]] policy violations';
					break;
				case 'pp-move-dispute':
					typereason = 'Page title dispute/move warring';
					break;
				case 'pp-move-vandalism':
					typereason = 'Page-move vandalism';
					break;
				case 'pp-move-indef':
					typereason = 'Highly visible page';
					break;
				case 'pp-create-offensive':
					typereason = 'Offensive name';
					break;
				case 'pp-create-blp':
					typereason = 'Recently deleted [[WP:BLP|BLP]]';
					break;
				case 'pp-create-salt':
					typereason = 'Repeatedly recreated';
					break;
				default:
					typereason = '';
					break;
			}

			var reason = typereason;
			if( form.reason.value !== '') {
				if ( typereason !== '' ) {
					reason += &quot;\u00A0\u2013 &quot;;  // U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE; U+2013 EN RULE
				}
				reason += form.reason.value;
			}
			if( reason !== '' &amp;&amp; reason.charAt( reason.length - 1 ) !== '.' ) {
				reason += '.';
			}

			var rppparams = {
				reason: reason,
				typename: typename,
				category: form.category.value,
				expiry: form.expiry.value
			};

			Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
			Morebits.status.init( form );

			var rppName = 'Wikipedia:Requests for page protection';

			// Updating data for the action completed event
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = rppName;
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Nomination completed, redirecting now to the discussion page&quot;;

			var rppPage = new Morebits.wiki.page( rppName, 'Requesting protection of page');
			rppPage.setFollowRedirect( true );
			rppPage.setCallbackParameters( rppparams );
			rppPage.load( Twinkle.protect.callbacks.fileRequest );
			break;
		default:
			alert(&quot;twinkleprotect: unknown kind of action&quot;);
			break;
	}
};

Twinkle.protect.callbacks = {
	taggingPageInitial: function( tagparams ) {
		if (tagparams.tag === 'noop') {
			Morebits.status.info(&quot;Applying protection template&quot;, &quot;nothing to do&quot;);
			return;
		}

		var protectedPage = new Morebits.wiki.page( mw.config.get('wgPageName'), 'Tagging page');
		protectedPage.setCallbackParameters( tagparams );
		protectedPage.load( Twinkle.protect.callbacks.taggingPage );
	},
	taggingPage: function( protectedPage ) {
		var params = protectedPage.getCallbackParameters();
		var text = protectedPage.getPageText();
		var tag, summary;

		var oldtag_re = /\s*(?:&lt;noinclude&gt;)?\s*\{\{\s*(pp-[^{}]*?|protected|(?:t|v|s|p-|usertalk-v|usertalk-s|sb|move)protected(?:2)?|protected template|privacy protection)\s*?\}\}\s*(?:&lt;\/noinclude&gt;)?\s*/gi;
		var re_result = oldtag_re.exec(text);
		if (re_result) {
			if (confirm(&quot;{{&quot; + re_result[1] + &quot;}} was found on the page. \nClick OK to remove it, or click Cancel to leave it there.&quot;)) {
				text = text.replace( oldtag_re, '' );
			}
		}

		if ( params.tag !== 'none' ) {
			tag = params.tag;
			if( params.reason ) {
				tag += '|reason=' + params.reason;
			}
			if( ['indefinite', 'infinite', 'never', null].indexOf(params.expiry) === -1 ) {
				tag += '|expiry={{subst:#time:H:i, j F Y|' + (/^\s*\d+\s*$/.exec(params.expiry) ? params.expiry : '+' + params.expiry) + '}}';
			}
			if( params.small ) {
				tag += '|small=yes';
			}
		}

		if( params.tag === 'none' ) {
			summary = 'Removing protection template' + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd');
		} else {
			if( params.noinclude ) {
				text = &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{&quot; + tag + &quot;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot; + text;
			} else if( Morebits.wiki.isPageRedirect() ) {
				text = text + &quot;\n{{&quot; + tag + &quot;}}&quot;;
			} else {
				text = &quot;{{&quot; + tag + &quot;}}\n&quot; + text;
			}
			summary = &quot;Adding {{&quot; + params.tag + &quot;}}&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd');
		}

		protectedPage.setEditSummary( summary );
		protectedPage.setPageText( text );
		protectedPage.setCreateOption( 'nocreate' );
		protectedPage.suppressProtectWarning(); // no need to let admins know they are editing through protection
		protectedPage.save();
	},

	fileRequest: function( rppPage ) {

		var params = rppPage.getCallbackParameters();
		var text = rppPage.getPageText();
		var statusElement = rppPage.getStatusElement();

		var rppRe = new RegExp( '===\\s*(\\[\\[)?\\s*:?\\s*' + RegExp.escape( Morebits.pageNameNorm, true ) + '\\s*(\\]\\])?\\s*===', 'm' );
		var tag = rppRe.exec( text );

		var rppLink = document.createElement('a');
		rppLink.setAttribute('href', mw.util.getUrl(rppPage.getPageName()) );
		rppLink.appendChild(document.createTextNode(rppPage.getPageName()));

		if ( tag ) {
			statusElement.error( [ 'There is already a protection request for this page at ', rppLink, ', aborting.' ] );
			return;
		}

		var newtag = '=== [[:' + Morebits.pageNameNorm + ']] ===\n';
		if( ( new RegExp( '^' + RegExp.escape( newtag ).replace( /\s+/g, '\\s*' ), 'm' ) ).test( text ) ) {
			statusElement.error( [ 'There is already a protection request for this page at ', rppLink, ', aborting.' ] );
			return;
		}
		newtag += '* {{pagelinks|' + Morebits.pageNameNorm + '}}\n\n';

		var words;
		switch( params.expiry ) {
		case 'temporary':
			words = &quot;Temporary &quot;;
			break;
		case 'indefinite':
			words = &quot;Indefinite &quot;;
			break;
		default:
			words = &quot;&quot;;
			break;
		}

		words += params.typename;

		newtag += &quot;'''&quot; + Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(words) + ( params.reason !== '' ? ( &quot;:''' &quot; +
			Morebits.string.formatReasonText(params.reason) ) : &quot;.'''&quot; ) + &quot; ~~~~&quot;;

		// If either protection type results in a increased status, then post it under increase
		// else we post it under decrease
		var increase = false;
		var protInfo = Twinkle.protect.protectionPresetsInfo[params.category];

		// function to compute protection weights (see comment at Twinkle.protect.protectionWeight)
		var computeWeight = function(mainLevel, stabilizeLevel) {
			var result = Twinkle.protect.protectionWeight[mainLevel || 'all'];
			if (stabilizeLevel) {
				if (result) {
					if (stabilizeLevel.level === &quot;autoconfirmed&quot;) {
						result += 2;
					} else if (stabilizeLevel.level === &quot;review&quot;) {
						result += 7;
					}
				} else {
					result = Twinkle.protect.protectionWeight[&quot;flaggedrevs_&quot; + stabilizeLevel];
				}
			}
			return result;
		};

		// compare the page's current protection weights with the protection we are requesting
		var editWeight = computeWeight(Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels.edit &amp;&amp;
			Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels.edit.level,
			Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels.stabilize &amp;&amp;
			Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels.stabilize.level);
		if (computeWeight(protInfo.edit, protInfo.stabilize) &gt; editWeight ||
			computeWeight(protInfo.move) &gt; computeWeight(Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels.move &amp;&amp;
			Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels.move.level) ||
			computeWeight(protInfo.create) &gt; computeWeight(Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels.create &amp;&amp;
			Twinkle.protect.currentProtectionLevels.create.level)) {
			increase = true;
		}

		var reg;
		if ( increase ) {
			reg = /(\n==\s*Current requests for reduction in protection level\s*==)/;
		} else {
			reg = /(\n==\s*Current requests for edits to a protected page\s*==)/;
		}

		var originalTextLength = text.length;
		text = text.replace( reg, &quot;\n&quot; + newtag + &quot;\n$1&quot;);
		if (text.length === originalTextLength)
		{
			var linknode = document.createElement('a');
			linknode.setAttribute(&quot;href&quot;, mw.util.getUrl(&quot;Wikipedia:Twinkle/Fixing RPP&quot;) );
			linknode.appendChild(document.createTextNode('How to fix RPP'));
			statusElement.error( [ 'Could not find relevant heading on WP:RPP. To fix this problem, please see ', linknode, '.' ] );
			return;
		}
		statusElement.status( 'Adding new request...' );
		rppPage.setEditSummary( &quot;Requesting &quot; + params.typename + (params.typename === &quot;pending changes&quot; ? ' on [[:' : ' of [[:') +
			Morebits.pageNameNorm + ']].' + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd') );
		rppPage.setPageText( text );
		rppPage.setCreateOption( 'recreate' );
		rppPage.save();
	}
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fc2qdctk53uszx1lw392jee7ee0to8n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-twinklearv.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5649</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32217</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T19:06:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-26</comment>
      <origin>32217</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="31567" sha1="seoteq8c6vfahphp2r98ucroj7ul61i" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** twinklearv.js: ARV module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;ARV&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing and non-existing user pages, user talk pages, contributions pages
 * Config directives in:   TwinkleConfig
 */

Twinkle.arv = function twinklearv() {
	var username = mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName');
	if ( !username ) {
		return;
	}

	var title = mw.util.isIPAddress( username ) ? 'Report IP to administrators' : 'Report user to administrators';

	Twinkle.addPortletLink( function(){ Twinkle.arv.callback(username); }, &quot;ARV&quot;, &quot;tw-arv&quot;, title );
};

Twinkle.arv.callback = function ( uid ) {
	if ( uid === mw.config.get('wgUserName') ) {
		alert( 'You don\'t want to report yourself, do you?' );
		return;
	}

	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 500 );
	Window.setTitle( &quot;Advance Reporting and Vetting&quot; ); //Backronym
	Window.setScriptName( &quot;Twinkle&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Guide to AIV&quot;, &quot;WP:GAIV&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;UAA instructions&quot;, &quot;WP:UAAI&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;About SPI&quot;, &quot;WP:SPI&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#arv&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( Twinkle.arv.callback.evaluate );
	var categories = form.append( {
			type: 'select',
			name: 'category',
			label: 'Select report type: ',
			event: Twinkle.arv.callback.changeCategory
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Vandalism (WP:AIV)',
			value: 'aiv'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Username (WP:UAA)',
			value: 'username'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Sockpuppeteer (WP:SPI)',
			value: 'sock'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Sockpuppet (WP:SPI)',
			value: 'puppet'
		} );
	categories.append( {
			type: 'option',
			label: 'Edit warring (WP:AN3)',
			value: 'an3'
		} );
	form.append( {
			type: 'field',
			label: 'Work area',
			name: 'work_area'
		} );
	form.append( { type: 'submit' } );
	form.append( {
			type: 'hidden',
			name: 'uid',
			value: uid
		} );

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();

	// We must init the
	var evt = document.createEvent( &quot;Event&quot; );
	evt.initEvent( 'change', true, true );
	result.category.dispatchEvent( evt );
};

Twinkle.arv.callback.changeCategory = function (e) {
	var value = e.target.value;
	var root = e.target.form;
	var old_area = Morebits.quickForm.getElements(root, &quot;work_area&quot;)[0];
	var work_area = null;

	switch( value ) {
	case 'aiv':
		/* falls through */
	default:
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Report user for vandalism',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'input',
				name: 'page',
				label: 'Primary linked page: ',
				tooltip: 'Leave blank to not link to the page in the report',
				value: Morebits.queryString.exists( 'vanarticle' ) ? Morebits.queryString.get( 'vanarticle' ) : '',
				event: function(e) {
					var value = e.target.value;
					var root = e.target.form;
					if( value === '' ) {
						root.badid.disabled = root.goodid.disabled = true;
					} else {
						root.badid.disabled = false;
						root.goodid.disabled = root.badid.value === '';
					}
				}
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'input',
				name: 'badid',
				label: 'Revision ID for target page when vandalised: ',
				tooltip: 'Leave blank for no diff link',
				value: Morebits.queryString.exists( 'vanarticlerevid' ) ? Morebits.queryString.get( 'vanarticlerevid' ) : '',
				disabled: !Morebits.queryString.exists( 'vanarticle' ),
				event: function(e) {
					var value = e.target.value;
					var root = e.target.form;
					root.goodid.disabled = value === '';
				}
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'input',
				name: 'goodid',
				label: 'Last good revision ID before vandalism of target page: ',
				tooltip: 'Leave blank for diff link to previous revision',
				value: Morebits.queryString.exists( 'vanarticlegoodrevid' ) ? Morebits.queryString.get( 'vanarticlegoodrevid' ) : '',
				disabled: !Morebits.queryString.exists( 'vanarticle' ) || Morebits.queryString.exists( 'vanarticlerevid' )
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				name: 'arvtype',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Vandalism after final (level 4 or 4im) warning given',
						value: 'final'
					},
					{
						label: 'Vandalism after recent (within 1 day) release of block',
						value: 'postblock'
					},
					{
						label: 'Evidently a vandalism-only account',
						value: 'vandalonly',
						disabled: mw.util.isIPAddress( root.uid.value )
					},
					{
						label: 'Account is evidently a spambot or a compromised account',
						value: 'spambot'
					},
					{
						label: 'Account is a promotion-only account',
						value: 'promoonly'
					}
				]
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'textarea',
				name: 'reason',
				label: 'Comment: '
			} );
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	case 'username':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Report username violation',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		work_area.append ( {
				type: 'header',
				label: 'Type(s) of inappropriate username',
				tooltip: 'Wikipedia does not allow usernames that are misleading, promotional, offensive or disruptive. Domain names and email addresses are likewise prohibited. These criteria apply to both usernames and signatures. Usernames that are inappropriate in another language, or that represent an inappropriate name with misspellings and substitutions, or do so indirectly or by implication, are still considered inappropriate.'
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				name: 'arvtype',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Misleading username',
						value: 'misleading',
						tooltip: 'Misleading usernames imply relevant, misleading things about the contributor. For example, misleading points of fact, an impression of undue authority, or usernames giving the impression of a bot account.'
					},
					{
						label: 'Promotional username',
						value: 'promotional',
						tooltip: 'Promotional usernames are advertisements for a company, website or group. Please do not report these names to UAA unless the user has also made promotional edits related to the name.'
					},
					{
						label: 'Username that implies shared use',
						value: 'shared',
						tooltip: 'Usernames that imply the likelihood of shared use (names of companies or groups, or the names of posts within organizations) are not permitted. Usernames are acceptable if they contain a company or group name but are clearly intended to denote an individual person, such as &quot;Mark at WidgetsUSA&quot;, &quot;Jack Smith at the XY Foundation&quot;, &quot;WidgetFan87&quot;, etc.'
					},
					{
						label: 'Offensive username',
						value: 'offensive',
						tooltip: 'Offensive usernames make harmonious editing difficult or impossible.'
					},
					{
						label: 'Disruptive username',
						value: 'disruptive',
						tooltip: 'Disruptive usernames include outright trolling or personal attacks, or otherwise show a clear intent to disrupt Wikipedia.'
					}
				]
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'textarea',
				name: 'reason',
				label: 'Comment:'
			} );
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;

	case 'puppet':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Report suspected sockpuppet',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		work_area.append(
			{
				type: 'input',
				name: 'sockmaster',
				label: 'Sockpuppeteer',
				tooltip: 'The username of the sockpuppeteer (sockmaster) without the User:-prefix'
			}
		);
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'textarea',
				label: 'Evidence:',
				name: 'evidence',
				tooltip: 'Enter your evidence. It should make clear that each of these users is likely to be abusing multiple accounts. Usually this means diffs, page histories or other information that justifies why the users are a) the same and b) disruptive. This should purely be evidence and information needed to judge the matter. Avoid all other discussion that is not evidence of sockpuppetry or other multiple account abuse.'
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [
					{
						label: 'Request CheckUser evidence',
						name: 'checkuser',
						tooltip: 'CheckUser is a tool used to obtain technical evidence related to a sock-puppetry allegation. It will not be used without good cause, which you must clearly demonstrate. Make sure your evidence explains why CheckUser is appropriate.'
					},
					{
						label: 'Notify reported users',
						name: 'notify',
						tooltip: 'Notification is not mandatory. In many cases, especially of chronic sockpuppeteers, notification may be counterproductive. However, especially in less egregious cases involving users who has not been reported before, notification may make the cases fairer and also appear to be fairer in the eyes of the accused. Use your judgment.'
					}
				]
			} );
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	case 'sock':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
				type: 'field',
				label: 'Report suspected sockpuppeteer',
				name: 'work_area'
			} );
		work_area.append(
			{
				type: 'dyninput',
				name: 'sockpuppet',
				label: 'Sockpuppets',
				sublabel: 'Sock: ',
				tooltip: 'The username of the sockpuppet without the User:-prefix',
				min: 2
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'textarea',
				label: 'Evidence:',
				name: 'evidence',
				tooltip: 'Enter your evidence. It should make clear that each of these users is likely to be abusing multiple accounts. Usually this means diffs, page histories or other information that justifies why the users are a) the same and b) disruptive. This should purely be evidence and information needed to judge the matter. Avoid all other discussion that is not evidence of sockpuppetry or other multiple account abuse.'
			} );
		work_area.append( {
				type: 'checkbox',
				list: [ {
					label: 'Request CheckUser evidence',
					name: 'checkuser',
					tooltip: 'CheckUser is a tool used to obtain technical evidence related to a sock-puppetry allegation. It will not be used without good cause, which you must clearly demonstrate. Make sure your evidence explains why CheckUser is appropriate.'
				}, {
					label: 'Notify reported users',
					name: 'notify',
					tooltip: 'Notification is not mandatory. In many cases, especially of chronic sockpuppeteers, notification may be counterproductive. However, especially in less egregious cases involving users who has not been reported before, notification may make the cases fairer and also appear to be fairer in the eyes of the accused. Use your judgment.'
				} ]
			} );
		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
        break;
	case 'an3':
		work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element( {
			type: 'field',
			label: 'Report edit warring',
			name: 'work_area'
		} );

		work_area.append( {
			type: 'input',
			name: 'page',
			label: 'Page',
			tooltip: 'The page being reported'
		} );
		work_area.append( {
			type: 'button',
			name: 'load',
			label: 'Load',
			event: function(e) {
				var root = e.target.form;
				var value = root.page.value;
				var uid = root.uid.value;
				var $diffs = $(root).find('[name=diffs]');
				$diffs.find('.entry').remove();

				var date = new Date();
				date.setHours(-36); // all since 36 hours

				var api = new mw.Api();
				api.get({
					action: 'query',
					prop: 'revisions',
					format: 'json',
					rvprop: 'sha1|ids|timestamp|parsedcomment|comment',
					rvlimit: 500,
					rvend: date.toISOString(),
					rvuser: uid,
					indexpageids: true,
					redirects: true,
					titles: value
				}).done(function(data){
					var pageid = data.query.pageids[0];
					var page = data.query.pages[pageid];
					if(!page.revisions) {
						return;
					}
					for(var i = 0; i &lt; page.revisions.length; ++i) {
						var rev = page.revisions[i];
						var $entry = $('&lt;div/&gt;', {
							'class': 'entry'
						});
						var $input = $('&lt;input/&gt;', {
							'type': 'checkbox',
							'name': 's_diffs',
							'value': rev.revid
						});
						$input.data('revinfo',rev);
						$input.appendTo($entry);
						$entry.append('&lt;span&gt;&quot;'+rev.parsedcomment+'&quot; at &lt;a href=&quot;'+mw.config.get('wgScript')+'?diff='+rev.revid+'&quot;&gt;'+moment(rev.timestamp).calendar()+'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;').appendTo($diffs);
					}
				}).fail(function(data){
					console.log( 'API failed :(', data );
				});
				var $warnings = $(root).find('[name=warnings]');
				$warnings.find('.entry').remove();

				api.get({
					action: 'query',
					prop: 'revisions',
					format: 'json',
					rvprop: 'sha1|ids|timestamp|parsedcomment|comment',
					rvlimit: 500,
					rvend: date.toISOString(),
					rvuser: mw.config.get('wgUserName'),
					indexpageids: true,
					redirects: true,
					titles: 'User talk:' + uid
				}).done(function(data){
					var pageid = data.query.pageids[0];
					var page = data.query.pages[pageid];
					if(!page.revisions) {
						return;
					}
					for(var i = 0; i &lt; page.revisions.length; ++i) {
						var rev = page.revisions[i];
						var $entry = $('&lt;div/&gt;', {
							'class': 'entry'
						});
						var $input = $('&lt;input/&gt;', {
							'type': 'checkbox',
							'name': 's_warnings',
							'value': rev.revid
						});
						$input.data('revinfo',rev);
						$input.appendTo($entry);
						$entry.append('&lt;span&gt;&quot;'+rev.parsedcomment+'&quot; at &lt;a href=&quot;'+mw.config.get('wgScript')+'?diff='+rev.revid+'&quot;&gt;'+moment(rev.timestamp).calendar()+'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;').appendTo($warnings);
					}
				}).fail(function(data){
					console.log( 'API failed :(', data );
				});

				var $resolves = $(root).find('[name=resolves]');
				$resolves.find('.entry').remove();

				var t = new mw.Title(value);
				var ns = t.getNamespaceId();
				var talk_page = (new mw.Title(t.getMain(), ns%2? ns : ns+1)).getPrefixedText();

				api.get({
					action: 'query',
					prop: 'revisions',
					format: 'json',
					rvprop: 'sha1|ids|timestamp|parsedcomment|comment',
					rvlimit: 500,
					rvend: date.toISOString(),
					rvuser: mw.config.get('wgUserName'),
					indexpageids: true,
					redirects: true,
					titles: talk_page
				}).done(function(data){
					var pageid = data.query.pageids[0];
					var page = data.query.pages[pageid];
					if(!page.revisions) {
						return;
					}
					for(var i = 0; i &lt; page.revisions.length; ++i) {
						var rev = page.revisions[i];
						var $entry = $('&lt;div/&gt;', {
							'class': 'entry'
						});
						var $input = $('&lt;input/&gt;', {
							'type': 'checkbox',
							'name': 's_resolves',
							'value': rev.revid
						});
						$input.data('revinfo',rev);
						$input.appendTo($entry);
						$entry.append('&lt;span&gt;&quot;'+rev.parsedcomment+'&quot; at &lt;a href=&quot;'+mw.config.get('wgScript')+'?diff='+rev.revid+'&quot;&gt;'+moment(rev.timestamp).calendar()+'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;').appendTo($resolves);
					}

					// add free form input
					var $free_entry = $('&lt;div/&gt;', {
						'class': 'entry'
					});
					var $free_input = $('&lt;input/&gt;', {
						'type': 'text',
						'name': 's_resolves_free'
					});

					var $free_label = $('&lt;label/&gt;', {
						'for': 's_resolves_free',
						'html': 'Diff to additional discussions: '
					});
					$free_entry.append($free_label).append($free_input).appendTo($resolves);

				}).fail(function(data){
					console.log( 'API failed :(', data );
				});
			}
		} );
		work_area.append( {
			type: 'field',
			name: 'diffs',
			label: 'User\'s reverts',
			tooltip: 'Select the edits you believe are reverts'
		} );
		work_area.append( {
			type: 'field',
			name: 'warnings',
			label: 'Warnings given to subject',
			tooltip: 'You must have warned the subject before reporting'
		} );
		work_area.append( {
			type: 'field',
			name: 'resolves',
			label: 'Resolution initiatives',
			tooltip: 'You should have tried to resolve the issue on the talk page first'
		} );

		work_area.append( {
			type: 'textarea',
			label: 'Comment:',
			name: 'comment'
		} );

		work_area = work_area.render();
		old_area.parentNode.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
		break;
	}
};

Twinkle.arv.callback.evaluate = function(e) {
	var form = e.target;
	var reason = &quot;&quot;;
	var comment = &quot;&quot;;
	if ( form.reason ) {
		comment = form.reason.value;
	}
	var uid = form.uid.value;

	var types;
	switch( form.category.value ) {

		// Report user for vandalism
		case 'aiv':
			/* falls through */
		default:
			types = form.getChecked( 'arvtype' );
			if( !types.length &amp;&amp; comment === '' ) {
				alert( 'You must specify some reason' );
				return;
			}

			types = types.map( function(v) {
					switch(v) {
						case 'final':
							return 'vandalism after final warning';
						case 'postblock':
							return 'vandalism after recent release of block';
						case 'spambot':
							return 'account is evidently a spambot or a compromised account';
						case 'vandalonly':
							return 'actions evidently indicate a vandalism-only account';
						case 'promoonly':
							return 'account is being used only for promotional purposes';
						default:
							return 'unknown reason';
					}
				} ).join( '; ' );


			if ( form.page.value !== '' ) {

				// add a leading : on linked page namespace to prevent transclusion
				reason = 'On [[' + form.page.value.replace( /^(Image|Category|File):/i, ':$1:' ) + ']]';

				if ( form.badid.value !== '' ) {
					reason += ' ({{diff|' + form.page.value + '|' + form.badid.value + '|' + form.goodid.value + '|diff}})';
				}
				reason += ':';
			}

			if ( types ) {
				reason += &quot; &quot; + types;
			}
			if (comment !== &quot;&quot; ) {
				reason += (reason === &quot;&quot; ? &quot;&quot; : &quot;. &quot;) + comment;
			}
			reason = reason.trim();
			if (reason.search(/[.?!;]$/) === -1) {
				reason += &quot;.&quot;;
			}
			reason += &quot; ~~~~&quot;;
			reason = reason.replace(/\r?\n/g, &quot;\n*:&quot;);  // indent newlines

			Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
			Morebits.status.init( form );

			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = &quot;Wikipedia:Administrator intervention against vandalism&quot;;
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Reporting complete&quot;;

			var aivPage = new Morebits.wiki.page( 'Wikipedia:Administrator intervention against vandalism', 'Processing AIV request' );
			aivPage.setPageSection( 1 );
			aivPage.setFollowRedirect( true );

			aivPage.load( function() {
				var text = aivPage.getPageText();

				// check if user has already been reported
				if (new RegExp( &quot;\\{\\{\\s*(?:(?:[Ii][Pp])?[Vv]andal|[Uu]serlinks)\\s*\\|\\s*(?:1=)?\\s*&quot; + RegExp.escape( uid, true ) + &quot;\\s*\\}\\}&quot; ).test(text)) {
					aivPage.getStatusElement().error( 'Report already present, will not add a new one' );
					Morebits.status.printUserText( reason, 'The comments you typed are provided below, in case you wish to manually post them under the existing report for this user at AIV:' );
					return;
				}
				aivPage.getStatusElement().status( 'Adding new report...' );
				aivPage.setEditSummary( 'Reporting [[Special:Contributions/' + uid + '|' + uid + ']].' + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd') );
				aivPage.setAppendText( '\n*{{' + ( mw.util.isIPAddress( uid ) ? 'IPvandal' : 'vandal' ) + '|' + (/\=/.test( uid ) ? '1=' : '' ) + uid + '}} &amp;ndash; ' + reason );
				aivPage.append();
			} );
			break;

		// Report inappropriate username
		case 'username':
			types = form.getChecked( 'arvtype' ).map( Morebits.string.toLowerCaseFirstChar );

			var hasShared = types.indexOf( 'shared' ) &gt; -1;
			if ( hasShared ) {
				types.splice( types.indexOf( 'shared' ), 1 );
			}

			if ( types.length &lt;= 2 ) {
				types = types.join( ' and ' );
			} else {
				types = [ types.slice( 0, -1 ).join( ', ' ), types.slice( -1 ) ].join( ' and ' );
			}
			var article = 'a';
			if ( /[aeiouwyh]/.test( types[0] || '' ) ) { // non 100% correct, but whatever, including 'h' for Cockney
				article = 'an';
			}
			reason = &quot;*{{user-uaa|1=&quot; + uid + &quot;}} &amp;ndash; &quot;;
			if ( types.length || hasShared ) {
				reason += &quot;Violation of the username policy as &quot; + article + &quot; &quot; + types + &quot; username&quot; +
					( hasShared ? &quot; that implies shared use. &quot; : &quot;. &quot; );
			}
			if ( comment !== '' ) {
				reason += Morebits.string.toUpperCaseFirstChar(comment) + &quot;. &quot;;
			}
			reason += &quot;~~~~&quot;;
			reason = reason.replace(/\r?\n/g, &quot;\n*:&quot;);  // indent newlines

			Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
			Morebits.status.init( form );

			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = &quot;Wikipedia:Usernames for administrator attention&quot;;
			Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Reporting complete&quot;;

			var uaaPage = new Morebits.wiki.page( 'Wikipedia:Usernames for administrator attention', 'Processing UAA request' );
			uaaPage.setFollowRedirect( true );

			uaaPage.load( function() {
				var text = uaaPage.getPageText();

				// check if user has already been reported
				if (new RegExp( &quot;\\{\\{\\s*user-uaa\\s*\\|\\s*(1\\s*=\\s*)?&quot; + RegExp.escape(uid, true) + &quot;\\s*(\\||\\})&quot; ).test(text)) {
					uaaPage.getStatusElement().error( 'User is already listed.' );
					Morebits.status.printUserText( reason, 'The comments you typed are provided below, in case you wish to manually post them under the existing report for this user at UAA:' );
					return;
				}
				uaaPage.getStatusElement().status( 'Adding new report...' );
				uaaPage.setEditSummary( 'Reporting [[Special:Contributions/' + uid + '|' + uid + ']].'+ Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd') );
				uaaPage.setPageText( text + &quot;\n\n&quot; + reason );
				uaaPage.save();
			} );
			break;

		// WP:SPI
		case &quot;sock&quot;:
			/* falls through */
		case &quot;puppet&quot;:
			var sockParameters = {
				evidence: form.evidence.value.trim(),
				checkuser: form.checkuser.checked,
				notify: form.notify.checked
			};

			var puppetReport = form.category.value === &quot;puppet&quot;;
			if (puppetReport &amp;&amp; !(form.sockmaster.value.trim())) {
				if (!confirm(&quot;You have not entered a sockmaster account for this puppet. Do you want to report this account as a sockpuppeteer instead?&quot;)) {
					return;
				}
				puppetReport = false;
			}

			sockParameters.uid = puppetReport ? form.sockmaster.value.trim() : uid;
			sockParameters.sockpuppets = puppetReport ? [uid] : $.map( $('input:text[name=sockpuppet]',form), function(o){ return $(o).val() || null; });

			Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
			Morebits.status.init( form );
			Twinkle.arv.processSock( sockParameters );
			break;

		case 'an3':
			var diffs = $.map( $('input:checkbox[name=s_diffs]:checked',form), function(o){ return $(o).data('revinfo'); });

			if (diffs.length &lt; 3 &amp;&amp; !confirm(&quot;You have selected fewer than three offending edits. Do you wish to make the report anyway?&quot;)) {
				return;
			}

			var warnings = $.map( $('input:checkbox[name=s_warnings]:checked',form), function(o){ return $(o).data('revinfo'); });

			if(!warnings.length &amp;&amp; !confirm(&quot;You have not selected any edits where you warned the offender. Do you wish to make the report anyway?&quot;)) {
				return;
			}

			var resolves = $.map( $('input:checkbox[name=s_resolves]:checked',form), function(o){ return $(o).data('revinfo'); });
			var free_resolves = $('input[name=s_resolves_free]').val();

			var an3_next = function(free_resolves) {
				if(!resolves.length &amp;&amp; !free_resolves &amp;&amp; !confirm(&quot;You have not selected any edits where you tried to resolve the issue. Do you wish to make the report anyway?&quot;)) {
					return;
				}

				var an3Parameters = {
					'uid': uid,
					'page': form.page.value.trim(),
					'comment': form.comment.value.trim(),
					'diffs': diffs,
					'warnings': warnings,
					'resolves': resolves,
					'free_resolves': free_resolves
				};

				Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
				Morebits.status.init( form );
				Twinkle.arv.processAN3( an3Parameters );
			};

			if(free_resolves) {
				var oldid=mw.util.getParamValue('oldid',free_resolves);
				var api = new mw.Api();
				api.get({
					action: 'query',
					prop: 'revisions',
					format: 'json',
					rvprop: 'ids|timestamp|comment',
					indexpageids: true,
					revids: oldid
				}).done(function(data){
					var pageid = data.query.pageids[0];
					var page = data.query.pages[pageid];
					an3_next(page);
				}).fail(function(data){
					console.log( 'API failed :(', data );
				});
			} else {
				an3_next();
			}
			break;
	}
};

Twinkle.arv.processSock = function( params ) {
	Morebits.wiki.addCheckpoint(); // prevent notification events from causing an erronous &quot;action completed&quot;

	// notify all user accounts if requested
	if (params.notify &amp;&amp; params.sockpuppets.length&gt;0) {

		var notifyEditSummary = &quot;Notifying about suspicion of sockpuppeteering.&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd');
		var notifyText = &quot;\n\n{{subst:socksuspectnotice|1=&quot; + params.uid + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;

		// notify user's master account
		var masterTalkPage = new Morebits.wiki.page( 'User talk:' + params.uid, 'Notifying suspected sockpuppeteer' );
		masterTalkPage.setFollowRedirect( true );
		masterTalkPage.setEditSummary( notifyEditSummary );
		masterTalkPage.setAppendText( notifyText );
		masterTalkPage.append();

		var statusIndicator = new Morebits.status( 'Notifying suspected sockpuppets', '0%' );
		var total = params.sockpuppets.length;
		var current =   0;

		// display status of notifications as they progress
		var onSuccess = function( sockTalkPage ) {
			var now = parseInt( 100 * ++(current)/total, 10 ) + '%';
			statusIndicator.update( now );
			sockTalkPage.getStatusElement().unlink();
			if ( current &gt;= total ) {
				statusIndicator.info( now + ' (completed)' );
			}
		};

		var socks = params.sockpuppets;

		// notify each puppet account
		for( var i = 0; i &lt; socks.length; ++i ) {
			var sockTalkPage = new Morebits.wiki.page( 'User talk:' + socks[i], &quot;Notification for &quot; +  socks[i] );
			sockTalkPage.setFollowRedirect( true );
			sockTalkPage.setEditSummary( notifyEditSummary );
			sockTalkPage.setAppendText( notifyText );
			sockTalkPage.append( onSuccess );
		}
	}

	// prepare the SPI report
	var text = &quot;\n\n{{subst:SPI report|socksraw=&quot; +
		params.sockpuppets.map( function(v) {
				return &quot;* {{&quot; + ( mw.util.isIPAddress( v ) ? &quot;checkip&quot; : &quot;checkuser&quot; ) + &quot;|1=&quot; + v + &quot;}}&quot;;
			} ).join( &quot;\n&quot; ) + &quot;\n|evidence=&quot; + params.evidence + &quot; \n&quot;;

	if ( params.checkuser ) {
		text += &quot;|checkuser=yes&quot;;
	}
	text += &quot;}}&quot;;

	var reportpage = 'Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/' + params.uid;

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = reportpage;
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Reporting complete&quot;;

	var spiPage = new Morebits.wiki.page( reportpage, 'Retrieving discussion page' );
	spiPage.setFollowRedirect( true );
	spiPage.setEditSummary( 'Adding new report for [[Special:Contributions/' + params.uid + '|' + params.uid + ']].'+ Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd') );
	spiPage.setAppendText( text );
	switch( Twinkle.getPref( 'spiWatchReport' ) ) {
		case 'yes':
			spiPage.setWatchlist( true );
			break;
		case 'no':
			spiPage.setWatchlistFromPreferences( false );
			break;
		default:
			spiPage.setWatchlistFromPreferences( true );
			break;
	}
	spiPage.append();

	Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint();  // all page updates have been started
};

Twinkle.arv.processAN3 = function( params ) {
	// prepare the AN3 report
	var minid;
	for(var i = 0; i &lt; params.diffs.length; ++i) {
		if( params.diffs[i].parentid &amp;&amp; (!minid || params.diffs[i].parentid &lt; minid)) {
			minid = params.diffs[i].parentid;
		}
	}

	var api = new mw.Api();
	api.get({
		action: 'query',
		prop: 'revisions',
		format: 'json',
		rvprop: 'sha1|ids|timestamp|comment',
		rvlimit: 100,
		rvstartid: minid,
		rvexcludeuser: params.uid,
		indexpageids: true,
		redirects: true,
		titles: params.page
	}).done(function(data){
		Morebits.wiki.addCheckpoint(); // prevent notification events from causing an erronous &quot;action completed&quot;
		var orig;
		if(data.length) {
			var sha1 = data[0].sha1;
			for(var i = 1; i &lt; data.length; ++i) {
				if(data[i].sha1 == sha1) {
					orig = data[i];
					break;
				}
			}

			if(!orig) {
				orig = data[0];
			}
		}

		var origtext = &quot;&quot;;
		if(orig) {
			origtext = '{{diff2|' + orig.revid + '|' + orig.timestamp + '}} &quot;' + orig.comment + '&quot;';
		}

		var grouped_diffs = {};

		var parentid, lastid;
		for(var j = 0; j &lt; params.diffs.length; ++j) {
			var cur = params.diffs[j];
			if( cur.revid &amp;&amp; cur.revid != parentid || lastid === null ) {
				lastid = cur.revid;
				grouped_diffs[lastid] = [];
			}
			parentid = cur.parentid;
			grouped_diffs[lastid].push(cur);
		}

		var difftext = $.map(grouped_diffs, function(sub, index){
			var ret = &quot;&quot;;
			if(sub.length &gt;= 2) {
				var last = sub[0];
				var first = sub.slice(-1)[0];
				var label = &quot;Consecutive edits made from &quot; + moment(first.timestamp).utc().format('HH:mm, D MMMM YYYY [(UTC)]') + &quot; to &quot; + moment(last.timestamp).utc().format('HH:mm, D MMMM YYYY [(UTC)]');
				ret = &quot;# {{diff|oldid=&quot;+first.parentid+&quot;|diff=&quot;+last.revid+&quot;|label=&quot;+label+&quot;}}\n&quot;;
			}
			ret += sub.reverse().map(function(v){
				return (sub.length &gt;= 2 ? '#' : '') + '# {{diff2|' + v.revid + '|' + moment(v.timestamp).utc().format('HH:mm, D MMMM YYYY [(UTC)]') + '}} &quot;' + v.comment + '&quot;';
			}).join(&quot;\n&quot;);
			return ret;
		}).reverse().join(&quot;\n&quot;);
		var warningtext = params.warnings.reverse().map(function(v){
			return '# ' + ' {{diff2|' + v.revid + '|' + moment(v.timestamp).utc().format('HH:mm, D MMMM YYYY [(UTC)]') + '}} &quot;' + v.comment + '&quot;';
		}).join(&quot;\n&quot;);
		var resolvetext = params.resolves.reverse().map(function(v){
			return '# ' + ' {{diff2|' + v.revid + '|' + moment(v.timestamp).utc().format('HH:mm, D MMMM YYYY [(UTC)]') + '}} &quot;' + v.comment + '&quot;';
		}).join(&quot;\n&quot;);

		if(params.free_resolves) {
			var page = params.free_resolves;
			var rev = page.revisions[0];
			resolvetext += &quot;\n# &quot; + ' {{diff2|' + rev.revid + '|' + moment(rev.timestamp).utc().format('HH:mm, D MMMM YYYY [(UTC)]') + ' on ' + page.title +  '}} &quot;' + rev.comment + '&quot;';
		}

		var comment = params.comment.replace(/~*$/g, '').trim();

		if(comment) {
			comment += &quot; ~~~~&quot;;
		}

		var text = &quot;\n\n&quot;+'{{subst:AN3 report|diffs='+difftext+'|warnings='+warningtext+'|resolves='+resolvetext+'|pagename='+params.page+'|orig='+origtext+'|comment='+comment+'|uid='+params.uid+'}}';

		var reportpage = 'Wikipedia:Administrators\' noticeboard/Edit warring';

		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = reportpage;
		Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Reporting complete&quot;;

		var an3Page = new Morebits.wiki.page( reportpage, 'Retrieving discussion page' );
		an3Page.setFollowRedirect( true );
		an3Page.setEditSummary( 'Adding new report for [[Special:Contributions/' + params.uid + '|' + params.uid + ']].'+ Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd') );
		an3Page.setAppendText( text );
		an3Page.append();

		// notify user

		var notifyEditSummary = &quot;Notifying about edit warring noticeboard discussion.&quot; + Twinkle.getPref('summaryAd');
		var notifyText = &quot;\n\n{{subst:an3-notice|1=&quot; + mw.util.wikiUrlencode(params.uid) + &quot;|auto=1}} ~~~~&quot;;

		var talkPage = new Morebits.wiki.page( 'User talk:' + params.uid, 'Notifying edit warrior' );
		talkPage.setFollowRedirect( true );
		talkPage.setEditSummary( notifyEditSummary );
		talkPage.setAppendText( notifyText );
		talkPage.append();
		Morebits.wiki.removeCheckpoint();  // all page updates have been started
	}).fail(function(data){
		console.log( 'API failed :(', data );
	});
};
})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>seoteq8c6vfahphp2r98ucroj7ul61i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-friendlytalkback.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5650</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34746</id>
      <parentid>34731</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-01-11T20:55:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Krenair</username>
        <id>2448</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed minor issue caused by previous security fix, [[phab:T241950#5794909]]</comment>
      <origin>34746</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="14123" sha1="2xvfrx7mk4b29a8rhqtzhrw05q6q43t" xml:space="preserve">//&lt;nowiki&gt;


(function($){


/*
 ****************************************
 *** friendlytalkback.js: Talkback module
 ****************************************
 * Mode of invocation:     Tab (&quot;TB&quot;)
 * Active on:              Existing user talk pages
 * Config directives in:   FriendlyConfig
 */

Twinkle.talkback = function() {

	if ( !mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName') ) {
		return;
	}

	Twinkle.addPortletLink( Twinkle.talkback.callback, &quot;TB&quot;, &quot;friendly-talkback&quot;, &quot;Easy talkback&quot; );
};

Twinkle.talkback.callback = function( ) {
	if( mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName') === mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;) &amp;&amp; !confirm(&quot;Is it really so bad that you're talking back to yourself?&quot;) ){
		return;
	}

	var Window = new Morebits.simpleWindow( 600, 350 );
	Window.setTitle(&quot;Talkback&quot;);
	Window.setScriptName(&quot;Twinkle&quot;);
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;About {{talkback}}&quot;, &quot;Template:Talkback&quot; );
	Window.addFooterLink( &quot;Twinkle help&quot;, &quot;WP:TW/DOC#talkback&quot; );

	var form = new Morebits.quickForm( callback_evaluate );

	form.append({ type: &quot;radio&quot;, name: &quot;tbtarget&quot;,
				list: [
					{
						label: &quot;Talkback: my talk page&quot;,
						value: &quot;mytalk&quot;,
						checked: &quot;true&quot;
					},
					{
						label: &quot;Talkback: other user talk page&quot;,
						value: &quot;usertalk&quot;
					},
					{
						label: &quot;Talkback: other page&quot;,
						value: &quot;other&quot;
					},
					{
						label: &quot;\&quot;Please see\&quot;&quot;,
						value: &quot;see&quot;
					},
					{
						label: &quot;Noticeboard notification&quot;,
						value: &quot;notice&quot;
					},
					{
						label: &quot;\&quot;You've got mail\&quot;&quot;,
						value: &quot;mail&quot;
					}
				],
				event: callback_change_target
			});

	form.append({
			type: &quot;field&quot;,
			label: &quot;Work area&quot;,
			name: &quot;work_area&quot;
		});

	form.append({ type: &quot;submit&quot; });

	var result = form.render();
	Window.setContent( result );
	Window.display();

	// We must init the
	var evt = document.createEvent(&quot;Event&quot;);
	evt.initEvent( &quot;change&quot;, true, true );
	result.tbtarget[0].dispatchEvent( evt );

	// Check whether the user has opted out from talkback
	var query = {
		action: 'query',
		prop: 'extlinks',
		titles: mw.config.get('wgPageName'),
		elquery: 'userjs.invalid/noTalkback',
		ellimit: '1'
	};
	var wpapi = new Morebits.wiki.api(&quot;Fetching talkback opt-out status&quot;, query, Twinkle.talkback.callback.optoutStatus);
	wpapi.post();
};

Twinkle.talkback.optout = null;

Twinkle.talkback.callback.optoutStatus = function(apiobj) {
	var xml = apiobj.getXML();
	var $el = $(xml).find('el');

	if ($el.length) {
		Twinkle.talkback.optout = mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName') + &quot; prefers not to receive talkbacks&quot;;
		var url = $el.text();
		if (url.indexOf(&quot;reason=&quot;) &gt; -1) {
			Twinkle.talkback.optout += &quot;: &quot; + decodeURIComponent(url.substring(url.indexOf(&quot;reason=&quot;) + 7)) + &quot;.&quot;;
		} else {
			Twinkle.talkback.optout += &quot;.&quot;;
		}
	} else {
		Twinkle.talkback.optout = false;
	}

	var $status = $(&quot;#twinkle-talkback-optout-message&quot;);
	if ($status.length &amp;&amp; Twinkle.talkback.optout) {
		$status.text(Twinkle.talkback.optout);
	}
};

var prev_page = &quot;&quot;;
var prev_section = &quot;&quot;;
var prev_message = &quot;&quot;;

var callback_change_target = function( e ) {
	var value = e.target.values;
	var root = e.target.form;
	var old_area = Morebits.quickForm.getElements(root, &quot;work_area&quot;)[0];

	if(root.section) {
		prev_section = root.section.value;
	}
	if(root.message) {
		prev_message = root.message.value;
	}
	if(root.page) {
		prev_page = root.page.value;
	}

	var work_area = new Morebits.quickForm.element({
			type: &quot;field&quot;,
			label: &quot;Talkback information&quot;,
			name: &quot;work_area&quot;
		});

	switch( value ) {
		case &quot;mytalk&quot;:
			/* falls through */
		default:
			work_area.append({
				type: &quot;div&quot;,
				label: &quot;&quot;,
				style: &quot;color: red&quot;,
				id: &quot;twinkle-talkback-optout-message&quot;
			});
			work_area.append({
					type:&quot;input&quot;,
					name:&quot;section&quot;,
					label:&quot;Linked section (optional)&quot;,
					tooltip:&quot;The section heading on your talk page where you left a message. Leave empty for no section to be linked.&quot;,
					value: prev_section
				});
			break;
		case &quot;usertalk&quot;:
			work_area.append({
				type: &quot;div&quot;,
				label: &quot;&quot;,
				style: &quot;color: red&quot;,
				id: &quot;twinkle-talkback-optout-message&quot;
			});
			work_area.append({
					type:&quot;input&quot;,
					name:&quot;page&quot;,
					label:&quot;User&quot;,
					tooltip:&quot;The username of the user on whose talk page you left a message.&quot;,
					value: prev_page
				});

			work_area.append({
					type:&quot;input&quot;,
					name:&quot;section&quot;,
					label:&quot;Linked section (optional)&quot;,
					tooltip:&quot;The section heading on the page where you left a message. Leave empty for no section to be linked.&quot;,
					value: prev_section
				});
			break;
		case &quot;notice&quot;:
			var noticeboard = work_area.append({
					type: &quot;select&quot;,
					name: &quot;noticeboard&quot;,
					label: &quot;Noticeboard:&quot;,
					event: function(e) {
						if (e.target.value === &quot;afchd&quot;) {
							Morebits.quickForm.overrideElementLabel(e.target.form.section, &quot;Title of draft (excluding the prefix): &quot;);
							Morebits.quickForm.setElementTooltipVisibility(e.target.form.section, false);
						} else {
							Morebits.quickForm.resetElementLabel(e.target.form.section);
							Morebits.quickForm.setElementTooltipVisibility(e.target.form.section, true);
						}
					}
				});
			noticeboard.append({
					type: &quot;option&quot;,
					label: &quot;WP:AN (Administrators' noticeboard)&quot;,
					value: &quot;an&quot;
				});
			noticeboard.append({
					type: &quot;option&quot;,
					label: &quot;WP:AN3 (Administrators' noticeboard/Edit warring)&quot;,
					value: &quot;an3&quot;
				});
			noticeboard.append({
					type: &quot;option&quot;,
					label: &quot;WP:ANI (Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents)&quot;,
					selected: true,
					value: &quot;ani&quot;
				});
			// let's keep AN and its cousins at the top
			noticeboard.append({
					type: &quot;option&quot;,
					label: &quot;WP:AFCHD (Articles for creation/Help desk)&quot;,
					value: &quot;afchd&quot;
				});
			noticeboard.append({
					type: &quot;option&quot;,
					label: &quot;WP:COIN (Conflict of interest noticeboard)&quot;,
					value: &quot;coin&quot;
				});
			noticeboard.append({
					type: &quot;option&quot;,
					label: &quot;WP:DRN (Dispute resolution noticeboard)&quot;,
					value: &quot;drn&quot;
				});
			noticeboard.append({
					type: &quot;option&quot;,
					label: &quot;WP:HD (Help desk)&quot;,
					value: &quot;hd&quot;
				});
			noticeboard.append({
					type: &quot;option&quot;,
					label: &quot;WP:OTRS/N (OTRS noticeboard)&quot;,
					value: &quot;otrs&quot;
				});
			noticeboard.append({
					type: &quot;option&quot;,
					label: &quot;WP:THQ (Teahouse question forum)&quot;,
					value: &quot;th&quot;
				});
			work_area.append({
					type:&quot;input&quot;,
					name:&quot;section&quot;,
					label:&quot;Linked thread&quot;,
					tooltip:&quot;The heading of the relevant thread on the noticeboard page.&quot;,
					value: prev_section
				});
			break;
		case &quot;other&quot;:
			work_area.append({
				type: &quot;div&quot;,
				label: &quot;&quot;,
				style: &quot;color: red&quot;,
				id: &quot;twinkle-talkback-optout-message&quot;
			});
			work_area.append({
					type:&quot;input&quot;,
					name:&quot;page&quot;,
					label:&quot;Full page name&quot;,
					tooltip:&quot;The full page name where you left the message. For example: 'Wikipedia talk:Twinkle'.&quot;,
					value: prev_page
				});

			work_area.append({
					type:&quot;input&quot;,
					name:&quot;section&quot;,
					label:&quot;Linked section (optional)&quot;,
					tooltip:&quot;The section heading on the page where you left a message. Leave empty for no section to be linked.&quot;,
					value: prev_section
				});
			break;
		case &quot;mail&quot;:
			work_area.append({
					type:&quot;input&quot;,
					name:&quot;section&quot;,
					label:&quot;Subject of email (optional)&quot;,
					tooltip:&quot;The subject line of the email you sent.&quot;
				});
			break;
		case &quot;see&quot;:
			work_area.append({
					type:&quot;input&quot;,
					name:&quot;page&quot;,
					label:&quot;Full page name&quot;,
					tooltip:&quot;The full page name of where the discussion is being held. For example: 'Wikipedia talk:Twinkle'.&quot;,
					value: prev_page
				});
			work_area.append({
					type:&quot;input&quot;,
					name:&quot;section&quot;,
					label:&quot;Linked section (optional)&quot;,
					tooltip:&quot;The section heading where the discussion is being held. For example: 'Merge proposal'.&quot;,
					value: prev_section
				});
			break;
	}

	if (value !== &quot;notice&quot;) {
		work_area.append({ type:&quot;textarea&quot;, label:&quot;Additional message (optional):&quot;, name:&quot;message&quot;, tooltip:&quot;An additional message that you would like to leave below the talkback template. Your signature will be added to the end of the message if you leave one.&quot; });
	}

	work_area = work_area.render();
	root.replaceChild( work_area, old_area );
	if (root.message) {
		root.message.value = prev_message;
	}

	if (Twinkle.talkback.optout) {
		$(&quot;#twinkle-talkback-optout-message&quot;).text(Twinkle.talkback.optout);
	}
};

var callback_evaluate = function( e ) {

	var tbtarget = e.target.getChecked( &quot;tbtarget&quot; )[0];
	var page = null;
	var section = e.target.section.value;
	var fullUserTalkPageName = mw.config.get(&quot;wgFormattedNamespaces&quot;)[ mw.config.get(&quot;wgNamespaceIds&quot;).user_talk ] + &quot;:&quot; + mw.config.get('wgRelevantUserName');

	if( tbtarget === &quot;usertalk&quot; || tbtarget === &quot;other&quot; || tbtarget === &quot;see&quot; ) {
		page = e.target.page.value;

		if( tbtarget === &quot;usertalk&quot; ) {
			if( !page ) {
				alert(&quot;You must specify the username of the user whose talk page you left a message on.&quot;);
				return;
			}
		} else {
			if( !page ) {
				alert(&quot;You must specify the full page name when your message is not on a user talk page.&quot;);
				return;
			}
		}
	} else if (tbtarget === &quot;notice&quot;) {
		page = e.target.noticeboard.value;
	}

	var message;
	if (e.target.message) {
		message = e.target.message.value;
	}

	Morebits.simpleWindow.setButtonsEnabled( false );
	Morebits.status.init( e.target );

	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.redirect = fullUserTalkPageName;
	Morebits.wiki.actionCompleted.notice = &quot;Talkback complete; reloading talk page in a few seconds&quot;;

	var talkpage = new Morebits.wiki.page(fullUserTalkPageName, &quot;Adding talkback&quot;);
	var tbPageName = (tbtarget === &quot;mytalk&quot;) ? mw.config.get(&quot;wgUserName&quot;) : page;

	var text;
	if ( tbtarget === &quot;notice&quot; ) {
		switch (page) {
			case &quot;afchd&quot;:
				text = &quot;\n\n{{subst:AFCHD/u|&quot; + section + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
				talkpage.setEditSummary( &quot;You have replies at the [[Wikipedia:AFCHD|Articles for Creation Help Desk]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;) );
				break;
			case &quot;an&quot;:
				text = &quot;\n\n== &quot; + Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;adminNoticeHeading&quot;) + &quot; ==\n&quot;;
				text += &quot;{{subst:ANI-notice|thread=&quot; + section + &quot;|noticeboard=Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard}} ~~~~&quot;;
				talkpage.setEditSummary( &quot;Notice of discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;) );
				break;
			case &quot;an3&quot;:
				text = &quot;\n\n{{subst:An3-notice|&quot; + section + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
				talkpage.setEditSummary( &quot;Notice of discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Edit warring]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;) );
				break;
			case &quot;ani&quot;:
				text = &quot;\n\n== &quot; + Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;adminNoticeHeading&quot;) + &quot; ==\n&quot;;
				text += &quot;{{subst:ANI-notice|thread=&quot; + section + &quot;|noticeboard=Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents}} ~~~~&quot;;
				talkpage.setEditSummary( &quot;Notice of discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;) );
				break;
			case &quot;coin&quot;:
				text = &quot;\n\n{{subst:Coin-notice|thread=&quot; + section + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
				talkpage.setEditSummary( &quot;Notice of discussion at [[Wikipedia:Conflict of interest noticeboard]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;) );
				break;
			case &quot;drn&quot;:
				text = &quot;\n\n{{subst:DRN-notice|thread=&quot; + section + &quot;}} ~~~~&quot;;
				talkpage.setEditSummary( &quot;Notice of discussion at [[Wikipedia:Dispute resolution noticeboard]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;) );
				break;
			case &quot;hd&quot;:
				text = &quot;\n\n== Your question at the Help desk ==\n&quot;;
				text += &quot;{{helpdeskreply|1=&quot; + section + &quot;|ts=~~~~~}}&quot;;
				talkpage.setEditSummary( &quot;You have replies at the [[Wikipedia:Help desk|Wikipedia help desk]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;) );
				break;
			case &quot;otrs&quot;:
				text = &quot;\n\n{{OTRSreply|1=&quot; + section + &quot;|2=~~~~}}&quot;;
				talkpage.setEditSummary( &quot;You have replies at the [[Wikipedia:OTRS noticeboard|OTRS noticeboard]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;) );
				break;
			case &quot;th&quot;:
				text = &quot;\n\n== Teahouse talkback: you've got messages! ==\n{{WP:Teahouse/Teahouse talkback|WP:Teahouse/Questions|&quot; + section + &quot;|ts=~~~~}}&quot;;
				talkpage.setEditSummary( &quot;You have replies at the [[Wikipedia:Teahouse/Questions|Teahouse question board]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;) );
				break;
			default:
				throw &quot;Twinkle.talkback, function callback_evaluate: default case reached&quot;;
		}

	} else if ( tbtarget === &quot;mail&quot; ) {
		text = &quot;\n\n==&quot; + Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;mailHeading&quot;) + &quot;==\n{{you've got mail|subject=&quot;;
		text += section + &quot;|ts=~~~~~}}&quot;;

		if( message ) {
			text += &quot;\n&quot; + message.trim() + &quot;  ~~~~&quot;;
		} else if( Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;insertTalkbackSignature&quot;) ) {
			text += &quot;\n~~~~&quot;;
		}

		talkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Notification: You've got mail&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;));

	} else if ( tbtarget === &quot;see&quot; ) {
		text = &quot;\n\n{{subst:Please see|location=&quot; + tbPageName;
		if (section) {
			text += &quot;#&quot; + section;
		}
		text += &quot;|more=&quot; + message.trim() + &quot;}}&quot;;
		talkpage.setEditSummary(&quot;Please check the discussion at [[:&quot; + tbPageName +
			(section ? (&quot;#&quot; + section) : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;]]&quot; + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;));

	} else {  // tbtarget one of mytalk, usertalk, other
		// clean talkback heading: strip section header markers that were erroneously suggested in the documentation
		text = &quot;\n\n==&quot; + Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;talkbackHeading&quot;).replace( /^\s*=+\s*(.*?)\s*=+$\s*/, &quot;$1&quot; ) + &quot;==\n{{talkback|&quot;;
		text += tbPageName;

		if( section ) {
			text += &quot;|&quot; + section;
		}

		text += &quot;|ts=~~~~~}}&quot;;

		if( message ) {
			text += &quot;\n&quot; + message.trim() + &quot; ~~~~&quot;;
		} else if( Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;insertTalkbackSignature&quot;) ) {
			text += &quot;\n~~~~&quot;;
		}

		var editSummary = &quot;Talkback ([[:&quot;;
		if (tbtarget !== &quot;other&quot; &amp;&amp; !/^\s*user talk:/i.test(tbPageName)) {
			editSummary += &quot;User talk:&quot;;
		}
		editSummary += tbPageName + (section ? (&quot;#&quot; + section) : &quot;&quot;) + &quot;]])&quot;;
		talkpage.setEditSummary(editSummary + Twinkle.getPref(&quot;summaryAd&quot;));
	}

	talkpage.setAppendText( text );
	talkpage.setCreateOption(&quot;recreate&quot;);
	talkpage.setMinorEdit(Twinkle.getFriendlyPref(&quot;markTalkbackAsMinor&quot;));
	talkpage.setFollowRedirect( true );
	talkpage.append();
};

})(jQuery);


//&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2xvfrx7mk4b29a8rhqtzhrw05q6q43t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preferences</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5651</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32219</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T19:09:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-28| Final... Redirect will be made accordingly</comment>
      <origin>32219</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1953" sha1="luptpgvoz9dexylfbo8gzow7tmwfxpj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--
+-------------------------------------------------+
|      Editing this page is NOT the way to        |
|        change your Twinkle preferences.         |
|                                                 |
|      Either use the interface embedded in       |
|           the page content, or go to            |
|     [[Special:MyPage/twinkleoptions.js]] and    |
|        edit the code there. But not here.       |
+-------------------------------------------------+
--&gt;
{{Shortcut|WP:TWPREFS|WP:TWPREF|WP:TW/PREF|WP:TW/P}}
Use the settings in the panel below to customize [[Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] to suit your personal preferences.

Note that your preferences are stored in [[Special:MyPage/twinkleoptions.js|a subpage of your user page]]. Only you, [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Wikipedia administrators]], and [[:Meta:Interface editors|interface editors]] can modify your preferences, but the settings you choose are visible as [[JavaScript]] code to everyone.{{-}}

&lt;div id=&quot;twinkle-config&quot; class=&quot;nopopups&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid #666; background-color: AliceBlue;&quot;&gt;  &lt;!-- to match style of SimpleWindow --&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;twinkle-config-titlebar&quot; style=&quot;background: repeat-x 50% 80% #cfd6e1; line-height: 1em; height: 1em; padding: 0.4em 0.3em 0.5em;&quot;&gt;'''Twinkle preferences'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;twinkle-config-content&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;twinkle-config-notwinkle&quot;&gt;'''You must have Twinkle installed (either as a [[Wikipedia:Gadget|gadget]] or [[Wikipedia:Twinkle#Installation|manually as a user script]]) to use this page.'''&lt;!-- &lt;br /&gt;(If you installed Twinkle manually, you need to include the &quot;twinkleconfig&quot; module for this to work.) --&gt;&lt;p&gt;If Twinkle is installed and working properly, you might need to wait a few moments for the script to load.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-semi-indef}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Twinkle Preferences}}
[[Category:Wikipedia counter-vandalism tools]]
[[Category:Wikipedia scripts]]</text>
      <sha1>luptpgvoz9dexylfbo8gzow7tmwfxpj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Pp-semi-indef</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5652</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32220</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T19:11:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32220</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="178" sha1="5t6lal9n9hcpwsso2obr7pcyjbg26xc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Protection banner|main}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5t6lal9n9hcpwsso2obr7pcyjbg26xc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:MassMessage delivery lists</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32224</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-10T19:33:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New admin category</comment>
      <origin>32224</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="109" sha1="ps92my3rkb5fl2gqnf7woxnzblipaj0" xml:space="preserve">Pages listed as MassMessage delivery lists to be messaged upon by the Administrators and MassMessage senders.</text>
      <sha1>ps92my3rkb5fl2gqnf7woxnzblipaj0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5664</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32566</id>
      <parentid>32282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-07T14:23:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Archive link added!</comment>
      <origin>32566</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="198" sha1="sxqoo7nlnt749xplbn7mkht75j99tdz" xml:space="preserve">No current requests.
Add your name {{edit|Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights|here:|section=new|preloadtitle=&lt;!--Your user name--&gt;}}

&lt;noinclude&gt;Go to the archives, [[/archives|here!]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sxqoo7nlnt749xplbn7mkht75j99tdz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights/archives</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5665</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32284</id>
      <parentid>32274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-11T09:04:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights/archives]]&quot; ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>32274</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="136" sha1="r2wivgenfahki27qbb4wd1la6mp2blz" xml:space="preserve">Previous RfAs:-
*[[Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights/archives/Thuvack]]
*[[Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights/archives/Dr. Sroy]]</text>
      <sha1>r2wivgenfahki27qbb4wd1la6mp2blz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights/archives/Thuvack</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5666</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32283</id>
      <parentid>32276</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-11T09:04:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights/archives/Thuvack]]&quot; ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite)) [cascading]</comment>
      <origin>32276</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2039" sha1="2farc28sjxrlct4wvrahf2nubd0fiz2" xml:space="preserve">== Sysop/Administrator candidates page ==
An administrator candidates page has been added. See [[Wikipedia:Administrator canidates|Sysop Candidates]]
**I would like to request Admin rights for this wikipedia. I am doing Language translation at Beta wiki and will be doing some major edits and maintenance here.[[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] 16:32, 21 Mawuwani 2008 (UTC)
::*{{Done}}
**I nominate myself for becoming a sysop. I am currently a temporary administrator and have made many good edits here. --Z 17:51, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
**I would like to request sysop for this wikipedia. I am a native Xitsonga speaker and am busy doing some major revamps for this Wikipedia. I am also doing Language translation at Betawiki.[[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] 16:32, 21 Mawuwani 2008 (UTC)
::*{{Done}}
:::I have requested for a renewal of sysop rights, I would like to continue being helpful here. any comments welcome --[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:09, 27 Nhlangula 2008 (UTC)
::::I have requested for a renewal of sysop rights, I would like to continue being helpful here. any comments welcome --[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:09, 27 Sunguti 2009 (UTC)
:::::I have requested for a renewal of sysop rights. any comments welcome -- [[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 08:22, 2 N'wendzamhala 2009 (UTC)
*I would like to request Admin rights for this wikipedia.--[[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:40, 17 Nyenyenyani 2012 (UTC)
: I'm renewing my request for Administrative rights, on a temporary basis untill the cummunity grows-- [[User:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;blue&quot;&gt;'''Thuvack'''&lt;/font&gt;]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Thuvack|&lt;font color=&quot;green&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/font&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 17:34, 6 Nhlangula 2012 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>2farc28sjxrlct4wvrahf2nubd0fiz2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Candidates for Admin Rights/archives/Dr. Sroy</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5667</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32277</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-11T08:56:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Archiving</comment>
      <origin>32277</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1586" sha1="0tpuuiakfv9ceop1eodk6xei27h8t1l" xml:space="preserve">===[[User:Dr. Sroy|Dr. Sroy]]===
*Hello everybody, I am [[User:Dr. Sroy|Dr. Sroy]], here nominating myself as a candidate for being granted the Adminship in this wiki.
*'''ISSUES'''
**'''I am not a native speaker of [[Xitsonga]] nor does understand the language.''' I have a native understanding of [[English]] and a native speaker of [[Bengali]].
**'''My joining to this wiki is not older than a month!'''
**'''I am experienced on the [[English wiki]] and willing to develop this wiki technically'''. I am very much worried for the fact that this wiki being about 10 years old but have very little development!
**'''Perhaps the reason is lack of proper interface and gadgets available.''' Only 15 active editors hang out in this wiki where the only native editor seems to be Thuvack. But he being the only administrator , might be overburdened with responsibility.
**'''If I become another administrator or sysop , the first work that I want to do is importing MediaWiki files and modules from the English Wikipedia.'''
**'''Being a ''technical helping hand'', this might ease the work of [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] editing the mainspace articles.''' Importing the said files might unlock awesome tools like [[:en:WP:Stiki|WP:Stiki]] and [[:en:WP:TW|Twinkle]].
**'''Knowing that [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] can do the above purposes but if I am allowed to do so ,the work would be quite faster!'''
**'''''At last, I wish a great future of this wiki with a rapid growth in the near future!'''''

Hopefully, [[User:Dr. Sroy|Dr. Sroy]] ([[User talk:Dr. Sroy|talk]]) 15:56, 2 Mhawuri 2018 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>0tpuuiakfv9ceop1eodk6xei27h8t1l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Edit</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32279</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-11T08:58:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32279</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="415" sha1="irs1btzxwof8n5syg3xps1aibmxjgwf" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;noprint plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|action=edit{{#if:{{{section|}}}|&amp;section={{{section}}}}}{{#if:{{{editintro|}}}|&amp;editintro={{urlencode:{{{editintro}}}|wiki}}}}{{#if:{{{preload|}}}|&amp;preload={{urlencode:{{{preload}}}|wiki}}}}{{#if:{{{preloadtitle|}}}|&amp;preloadtitle={{urlencode:{{{preloadtitle}}}}}}}}} {{{2|edit}}}]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>irs1btzxwof8n5syg3xps1aibmxjgwf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Common.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5670</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35091</id>
      <parentid>32289</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-04-10T22:12:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Krinkle</username>
        <id>1168</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Maintenance: [[mw:RL/MGU]] - Removed redundant module</comment>
      <origin>35091</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="12683" sha1="550qly19o3vpng0st1cjr67bwiq8phr" xml:space="preserve">/* Any JavaScript here will be loaded for all users on every page load. */
/**
 * Keep code in MediaWiki:Common.js to a minimum as it is unconditionally
 * loaded for all users on every wiki page. If possible create a gadget that is
 * enabled by default instead of adding it here (since gadgets are fully
 * optimized ResourceLoader modules with possibility to add dependencies etc.)
 *
 * Since Common.js isn't a gadget, there is no place to declare its
 * dependencies, so we have to lazy load them with mw.loader.using on demand and
 * then execute the rest in the callback. In most cases these dependencies will
 * be loaded (or loading) already and the callback will not be delayed. In case a
 * dependency hasn't arrived yet it'll make sure those are loaded before this.
 */

/* global mw, $ */
/* jshint strict:false, browser:true */

mw.loader.using( ['mediawiki.user', 'mediawiki.util'] ).done( function () {
/* Begin of mw.loader.using callback */

/**
 * Main Page layout fixes
 *
 * Description: Adds an additional link to the complete list of languages available.
 * Maintainers: [[User:AzaToth]], [[User:R. Koot]], [[User:Alex Smotrov]]
 */
if ( mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' ) === 'Main_Page' || mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' ) === 'Talk:Main_Page' ) {
	$( function () {
		mw.util.addPortletLink( 'p-lang', '//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias',
			'Complete list', 'interwiki-completelist', 'Complete list of Wikipedias' );
	} );
}

/**
 * Redirect User:Name/skin.js and skin.css to the current skin's pages
 * (unless the 'skin' page really exists)
 * @source: http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Snippets/Redirect_skin.js
 * @rev: 2
 */
if ( mw.config.get( 'wgArticleId' ) === 0 &amp;&amp; mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) === 2 ) {
	var titleParts = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' ).split( '/' );
	/* Make sure there was a part before and after the slash
	   and that the latter is 'skin.js' or 'skin.css' */
	if ( titleParts.length == 2 ) {
		var userSkinPage = titleParts.shift() + '/' + mw.config.get( 'skin' );
		if ( titleParts.slice( -1 ) == 'skin.js' ) {
			window.location.href = mw.util.getUrl( userSkinPage + '.js' );
		} else if ( titleParts.slice( -1 ) == 'skin.css' ) {
			window.location.href = mw.util.getUrl( userSkinPage + '.css' );
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Map addPortletLink to mw.util
 * @deprecated: Use mw.util.addPortletLink instead.
 */
mw.log.deprecate( window, 'addPortletLink', mw.util.addPortletLink, 'Use mw.util.addPortletLink instead' );

/**
 * Extract a URL parameter from the current URL
 * @deprecated: Use mw.util.getParamValue with proper escaping
 */
mw.log.deprecate( window, 'getURLParamValue', mw.util.getParamValue, 'Use mw.util.getParamValue instead' );

/**
 * Test if an element has a certain class
 * @deprecated:  Use $(element).hasClass() instead.
 */
mw.log.deprecate( window, 'hasClass', function ( element, className ) {
	return $( element ).hasClass( className );
}, 'Use jQuery.hasClass() instead' );

/**
 * @source www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Snippets/Load_JS_and_CSS_by_URL
 * @rev 6
 */
var extraCSS = mw.util.getParamValue( 'withCSS' ),
	extraJS = mw.util.getParamValue( 'withJS' );

if ( extraCSS ) {
	if ( extraCSS.match( /^MediaWiki:[^&amp;&lt;&gt;=%#]*\.css$/ ) ) {
		mw.loader.load( '/w/index.php?title=' + extraCSS + '&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/css', 'text/css' );
	} else {
		mw.notify( 'Only pages from the MediaWiki namespace are allowed.', { title: 'Invalid withCSS value' } );
	}
}

if ( extraJS ) {
	if ( extraJS.match( /^MediaWiki:[^&amp;&lt;&gt;=%#]*\.js$/ ) ) {
		mw.loader.load( '/w/index.php?title=' + extraJS + '&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript' );
	} else {
		mw.notify( 'Only pages from the MediaWiki namespace are allowed.', { title: 'Invalid withJS value' } );
	}
}

/**
 * WikiMiniAtlas
 *
 * Description: WikiMiniAtlas is a popup click and drag world map.
 *              This script causes all of our coordinate links to display the WikiMiniAtlas popup button.
 *              The script itself is located on meta because it is used by many projects.
 *              See [[Meta:WikiMiniAtlas]] for more information.
 * Note - use of this service is recommended to be repalced with mw:Help:Extension:Kartographer
 */
( function () {
	var require_wikiminiatlas = false;
	var coord_filter = /geohack/;
	$( function () {
		$( 'a.external.text' ).each( function( key, link ) {
			if ( link.href &amp;&amp; coord_filter.exec( link.href ) ) {
				require_wikiminiatlas = true;
				// break from loop
				return false;
			}
		} );
		if ( $( 'div.kmldata' ).length ) {
			require_wikiminiatlas = true;
		}
		if ( require_wikiminiatlas ) {
			mw.loader.load( '//meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Wikiminiatlas.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript' );
		}
	} );
} )();

/**
 * Collapsible tables; reimplemented with mw-collapsibe
 * Styling is also in place to avoid FOUC
 * 
 * Allows tables to be collapsed, showing only the header. See [[Help:Collapsing]].
 * @version 3.0.0 (2018-05-20)
 * @source https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-collapsibleTables.js
 * @author [[User:R. Koot]]
 * @author [[User:Krinkle]]
 * @author [[User:TheDJ]]
 * @deprecated Since MediaWiki 1.20: Use class=&quot;mw-collapsible&quot; instead which
 * is supported in MediaWiki core. Shimmable since MediaWiki 1.32
 */
function makeCollapsibleMwCollapsible( $content ) {
	var $tables = $content
		.find( 'table.collapsible:not(.mw-collapsible)' )
		.addClass( 'mw-collapsible' );

	$.each( $tables, function( index, table ) {
		// mw.log.warn( 'This page is using the deprecated class collapsible. Please replace it with mw-collapsible.');
		if( $( table ).hasClass( 'collapsed') ) {
			$( table ).addClass( 'mw-collapsed' );
			// mw.log.warn( 'This page is using the deprecated class collapsed. Please replace it with mw-collapsed.');
		}
	} );
	if( $tables.length &gt; 0 ) {
		mw.loader.using( 'jquery.makeCollapsible' ).then( function() {
			$tables.makeCollapsible();
		} );
	}
}
mw.hook( 'wikipage.content' ).add( makeCollapsibleMwCollapsible );

/**
 * Add support to mw-collapsible for autocollapse, innercollapse and outercollapse
 *
 * Maintainers: TheDJ
 */
function mwCollapsibleSetup( $collapsibleContent ) {
	var $element,
		$toggle,
		autoCollapseThreshold = 2;
	$.each( $collapsibleContent, function (index, element) {
		$element = $( element );
		if ( $element.hasClass( 'collapsible' ) ) {
			$element.find('tr:first &gt; th:first').prepend( $element.find('tr:first &gt; * &gt; .mw-collapsible-toggle'));
		}
		if ( $collapsibleContent.length &gt;= autoCollapseThreshold &amp;&amp; $element.hasClass( 'autocollapse' ) ) {
			$element.data( 'mw-collapsible' ).collapse();
		} else if ( $element.hasClass( 'innercollapse' ) ) {
			if ( $element.parents( '.outercollapse' ).length &gt; 0 ) {
				$element.data( 'mw-collapsible' ).collapse();
			}
		}
		// because of colored backgrounds, style the link in the text color
		// to ensure accessible contrast
		$toggle = $element.find( '.mw-collapsible-toggle' );
		if ( $toggle.length ) {
			// Make the toggle inherit text color
			if( $toggle.parent()[0].style.color ) {
				$toggle.find( 'a' ).css( 'color', 'inherit' );
			}
		}
	} );
}

mw.hook( 'wikipage.collapsibleContent' ).add( mwCollapsibleSetup );

/**
 * Dynamic Navigation Bars (experimental)
 *
 * Description: See [[Wikipedia:NavFrame]].
 * Maintainers: UNMAINTAINED
 */
 
var collapseCaption = 'hide';
var expandCaption = 'show';

// Set up the words in your language
var navigationBarHide = '[' + collapseCaption + ']';
var navigationBarShow = '[' + expandCaption + ']';

/**
 * Shows and hides content and picture (if available) of navigation bars.
 *
 * @param {number} indexNavigationBar The index of navigation bar to be toggled
 * @param {jQuery.Event} event Event object
 */
function toggleNavigationBar( indexNavigationBar, event ) {
	var navToggle = document.getElementById( 'NavToggle' + indexNavigationBar );
	var navFrame = document.getElementById( 'NavFrame' + indexNavigationBar );
	var navChild;

	if ( !navFrame || !navToggle ) {
		return false;
	}

	// If shown now
	if ( navToggle.firstChild.data === navigationBarHide ) {
		for ( navChild = navFrame.firstChild; navChild !== null; navChild = navChild.nextSibling ) {
			if ( $( navChild ).hasClass( 'NavContent' ) || $( navChild ).hasClass( 'NavPic' ) ) {
				navChild.style.display = 'none';
			}
		}
		navToggle.firstChild.data = navigationBarShow;

	// If hidden now
	} else if ( navToggle.firstChild.data === navigationBarShow ) {
		for ( navChild = navFrame.firstChild; navChild !== null; navChild = navChild.nextSibling ) {
			if ( $( navChild ).hasClass( 'NavContent' ) || $( navChild ).hasClass( 'NavPic' ) ) {
				navChild.style.display = 'block';
			}
		}
		navToggle.firstChild.data = navigationBarHide;
	}

	event.preventDefault();
}

/**
 * Adds show/hide-button to navigation bars.
 *
 * @param {jQuery} $content
 */
function createNavigationBarToggleButton( $content ) {
	var i, j, navChild, navToggle, navToggleText, isCollapsed,
		indexNavigationBar = 0;
	// Iterate over all &lt; div &gt;-elements
	var $divs = $content.find( 'div.NavFrame:not(.mw-collapsible)' );
	$divs.each( function ( i, navFrame ) {
		indexNavigationBar++;
		navToggle = document.createElement( 'a' );
		navToggle.className = 'NavToggle';
		navToggle.setAttribute( 'id', 'NavToggle' + indexNavigationBar );
		navToggle.setAttribute( 'href', '#' );
		$( navToggle ).on( 'click', $.proxy( toggleNavigationBar, null, indexNavigationBar ) );

		isCollapsed = $( navFrame ).hasClass( 'collapsed' );
		/**
		 * Check if any children are already hidden.  This loop is here for backwards compatibility:
		 * the old way of making NavFrames start out collapsed was to manually add style=&quot;display:none&quot;
		 * to all the NavPic/NavContent elements.  Since this was bad for accessibility (no way to make
		 * the content visible without JavaScript support), the new recommended way is to add the class
		 * &quot;collapsed&quot; to the NavFrame itself, just like with collapsible tables.
		 */
		for ( navChild = navFrame.firstChild; navChild !== null &amp;&amp; !isCollapsed; navChild = navChild.nextSibling ) {
			if ( $( navChild ).hasClass( 'NavPic' ) || $( navChild ).hasClass( 'NavContent' ) ) {
				if ( navChild.style.display === 'none' ) {
					isCollapsed = true;
				}
			}
		}
		if ( isCollapsed ) {
			for ( navChild = navFrame.firstChild; navChild !== null; navChild = navChild.nextSibling ) {
				if ( $( navChild ).hasClass( 'NavPic' ) || $( navChild ).hasClass( 'NavContent' ) ) {
					navChild.style.display = 'none';
				}
			}
		}
		navToggleText = document.createTextNode( isCollapsed ? navigationBarShow : navigationBarHide );
		navToggle.appendChild( navToggleText );

		// Find the NavHead and attach the toggle link (Must be this complicated because Moz's firstChild handling is borked)
		for ( j = 0; j &lt; navFrame.childNodes.length; j++ ) {
			if ( $( navFrame.childNodes[j] ).hasClass( 'NavHead' ) ) {
				navToggle.style.color = navFrame.childNodes[j].style.color;
				navFrame.childNodes[j].appendChild( navToggle );
			}
		}
		navFrame.setAttribute( 'id', 'NavFrame' + indexNavigationBar );
	} );
}

mw.hook( 'wikipage.content' ).add( createNavigationBarToggleButton );

/**
 * Magic editintros ****************************************************
 *
 * Description: Adds editintros on disambiguation pages and BLP pages.
 * Maintainers: [[User:RockMFR]]
 */
function addEditIntro( name ) {
	$( '.mw-editsection, #ca-edit' ).find( 'a' ).each( function ( i, el ) {
		el.href = $( this ).attr( 'href' ) + '&amp;editintro=' + name;
	} );
}

if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) === 0 ) {
	$( function () {
		if ( document.getElementById( 'disambigbox' ) ) {
			addEditIntro( 'Template:Disambig_editintro' );
		}
	} );

	$( function () {
		var cats = mw.config.get('wgCategories');
		if ( !cats ) {
			return;
		}
		if ( $.inArray( 'Living people', cats ) !== -1 || $.inArray( 'Possibly living people', cats ) !== -1 ) {
			addEditIntro( 'Template:BLP_editintro' );
		}
	} );
}

/* Actions specific to the edit page */
if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) === 'edit' || mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) === 'submit' ) {
	/**
	 * Fix edit summary prompt for undo
	 *
	 *  Fixes the fact that the undo function combined with the &quot;no edit summary prompter&quot;
	 *  complains about missing editsummary, if leaving the edit summary unchanged.
	 *  Added by [[User:Deskana]], code by [[User:Tra]].
	 *  See also [[phab:T10912]].
	 */
	$(function () {
		if (document.location.search.indexOf('undo=') !== -1 &amp;&amp; document.getElementsByName('wpAutoSummary')[0]) {
			document.getElementsByName('wpAutoSummary')[0].value = '1';
		}
	});
}

/* End of mw.loader.using callback */
} );
/* DO NOT ADD CODE BELOW THIS LINE */</text>
      <sha1>550qly19o3vpng0st1cjr67bwiq8phr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:URL</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5671</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32292</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-12T14:42:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32292</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="108" sha1="bb8x7g2yfnh89luo5fz82k3kzr28rv5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bb8x7g2yfnh89luo5fz82k3kzr28rv5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:URL</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5672</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32293</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-12T14:43:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32293</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3209" sha1="ibua1525mg49fl145oaxylyfvbxzdkn" xml:space="preserve">--
-- This module implements {{URL}}
--
-- See unit tests at [[Module:URL/tests]]

local p = {}
 
local function safeUri(s)
    local success, uri = pcall(function()
        return mw.uri.new(s)
    end)
    if success then
        return uri
    end
end

function p._url(url, text)
    url = mw.text.trim(url or '')
    text = mw.text.trim(text or '')
    
    if url == '' then
        if text == '' then
            return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'tlx', args = { 'URL', &quot;''example.com''&quot;, &quot;''optional display text''&quot; } }
        else
            return text
        end
    end
    
    -- If the URL contains any unencoded spaces, encode them, because MediaWiki will otherwise interpret a space as the end of the URL.
    url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '%s', function(s) return mw.uri.encode(s, 'PATH') end)
    
    -- If there is an empty query string or fragment id, remove it as it will cause mw.uri.new to throw an error
    url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '#$', '')
    url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '%?$', '')
    
    -- If it's an HTTP[S] URL without the double slash, fix it.
    url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '^[Hh][Tt][Tt][Pp]([Ss]?):(/?)([^/])', 'http%1://%3')

    -- Handle URLs from Wikidata of the format http&amp;#58;//
    url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '^[Hh][Tt][Tt][Pp]([Ss]?)&amp;#58;//', 'http%1://')
    
    local uri = safeUri(url)
    
    -- Handle URL's without a protocol and URL's that are protocol-relative, 
    -- e.g. www.example.com/foo or www.example.com:8080/foo, and //www.example.com/foo
    if uri and (not uri.protocol or (uri.protocol and not uri.host)) and url:sub(1, 2) ~= '//' then
        url = 'http://' .. url
        uri = safeUri(url)
    end
    
    if text == '' then
        if uri then
            if uri.path == '/' then uri.path = '' end
            
            local port = ''
            if uri.port then port = ':' .. uri.port end
            
            text = mw.ustring.lower(uri.host or '') .. port .. (uri.relativePath or '')

			-- Add &lt;wbr&gt; before _/.-# sequences
			text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,&quot;(/+)&quot;,&quot;&lt;wbr/&gt;%1&quot;)      -- This entry MUST be the first. &quot;&lt;wbr/&gt;&quot; has a &quot;/&quot; in it, you know.
			text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,&quot;(%.+)&quot;,&quot;&lt;wbr/&gt;%1&quot;)
			-- text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,&quot;(%-+)&quot;,&quot;&lt;wbr/&gt;%1&quot;)  	-- DISABLED for now
			text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,&quot;(%#+)&quot;,&quot;&lt;wbr/&gt;%1&quot;)
			text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,&quot;(_+)&quot;,&quot;&lt;wbr/&gt;%1&quot;)
        else -- URL is badly-formed, so just display whatever was passed in
            text = url
        end
    end

    return mw.ustring.format('&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[%s %s]&lt;/span&gt;', url, text)
end

function p.url(frame)
    local templateArgs = frame.args
	local parentArgs = frame:getParent().args;
    local url = templateArgs[1] or parentArgs[1] or ''
    local text = templateArgs[2] or parentArgs[2]
    if not text then
    	url = url or extractUrl(templateArgs) or extractUrl(parentArgs);
	end
	text = text or ''
    return p._url(url, text)
end
function extractUrl(args)
	for name, val in pairs(args) do
		local url = name .. &quot;=&quot; .. val;
		url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '^[Hh][Tt][Tt][Pp]([Ss]?):(/?)([^/])', 'http%1://%3')
		local uri = safeUri(url);
		if uri and uri.host then
			return url
		end
	end
end
return p</text>
      <sha1>ibua1525mg49fl145oaxylyfvbxzdkn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bhutan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5673</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36202</id>
      <parentid>36112</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-08-05T01:47:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8</comment>
      <origin>36202</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6306" sha1="g1dluwwj54810xoymrny3je8jujlht5" xml:space="preserve">{{coord|27.417|90.435|region:BT|format=dms|display=title}}
{{bold|Bhutan}} i tiko ra [[Axiya]].
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Bhutan
| common_name = Bhutan
| native_name = {{lang|dz|{{bo-textonly|འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་}}}} ([[Dzongkha]]) &lt;br /&gt;''{{lang|dz-Latn|Druk Gyal Khap}}''
| image_flag = Flag of Bhutan.svg
| image_coat = Emblem of Bhutan.svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| national_anthem = ''{{lang|dz-Latn|[[Druk tsendhen]]}}''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''The Thunder Dragon Kingdom''}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Bhutan (orthographic projection).svg
| alt_map = A map of the world, centred on South Asia, highlighting Bhutan
| map_caption = 
| image_map2 = Bhutan in its region.svg
| alt_map2 = A map of east-central Asia, highlighting Bhutan
| capital = [[Thimphu]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|27|28.0|N|89|38.5|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = [[Dzongkha]]
| demonym = Bhutanese
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[ constitutional monarchy]]
| leader_title1 = [[Druk Gyalpo|King]]
| leader_name1 = [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]]
| leader_title2 = [[List of Prime Ministers of Bhutan|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Tshering Tobgay]]
| legislature = [[Parliament of Bhutan|Parliament]]
| upper_house = [[National Council (Bhutan)|National Council]]
| lower_house = [[National Assembly (Bhutan)|National Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of Bhutan|Formation]]
| established_event1 = Unification of Bhutan
| established_date1 = 1616–1634
| established_event2 = [[House of Wangchuck]]
| established_date2 = 17 December 1907
| established_event3 = [[Bhutan-India relations|Indo-Bhutan Treaty]]
| established_date3 = 8 August 1949
| established_event4 = [[United Nations|UN membership]]
| established_date4 = 21 September 1971
| established_event5 = [[Constitution of Bhutan| Democratic Constitutional monarchy]]
| established_date5 = 18 July 2008
| area_km2 = 38,394
| area_footnote = &lt;ref name=&quot;FYP9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.gnhc.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/5yp09_main.pdf |title = 9th Five Year Plan (2002–2007) |publisher = Royal Government of Bhutan |year = 2002 |accessdate = 22 August 2011 |archive-date = 20 March 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120320060614/http://www.gnhc.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/5yp09_main.pdf |dead-url = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/aboutbhutan.php |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120423102833/http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/aboutbhutan.php |archivedate = 23 April 2012 |title = National Portal of Bhutan |publisher = Department of Information Technology, Bhutan |accessdate = 22 August 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank = 133rd
| area_sq_mi = 14,824 
| percent_water = 1.1
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Bhutan}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 634,982&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web |url = http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/meetings/wshops/Thailand_15Oct07/docs/Countries_presentations/Bhutan_Results.ppt |title = Population and Housing Census of Bhutan — 2005 |format = PPT |publisher = UN |year = 2005 |accessdate = 5 January 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 165th
| population_census_year = 2005&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
| population_density_km2 = 19.3 
| population_density_sq_mi = 50.1
| population_density_rank = 196th
| GDP_PPP = $8.010 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url = https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=47&amp;pr.y=10&amp;sy=2017&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=514&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title = Butan |publisher = International Monetary Fund }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,805&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 115th
| GDP_nominal = $2.610 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,197&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 130th
| Gini = 38.7 
| Gini_year = 2012
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title = Gini Index |publisher = World Bank |accessdate = 2 March 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.607 
| HDI_year = 2015 
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report  |year=2016 |accessdate=21 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 132nd
| currency = [[Bhutanese ngultrum|Ngultrum]]
| currency_code = BTN
| time_zone = [[Bhutan Time|BTT]]
| utc_offset = +6
| utc_offset_DST = +6
| time_zone_DST = not observed
| drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]]
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Bhutan|+975]]
| cctld = [[.bt]]
| footnote_a = The population of Bhutan had been estimated based on the reported figure of about 1 million in the 1970s when the country had joined the United Nations and precise statistics were lacking.&lt;big&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/073f330f9a61c6b0c1256aca004f2ea8?OpenDocument |title = Treaty Bodies Database – Document – Summary Record – Bhutan |publisher = [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] (UNHCHR) |date = 5 June 2001 |accessdate = 23 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/big&gt; Thus, using the annual increase rate of 2–3%, the most population estimates were around 2 million in the year 2000. A national census was carried out in 2005 and it turned out that the population was 672,425. Consequently, [[United Nations Population Division]] reduced its estimation of the country's population in the 2006 revision&lt;big&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpp |title=World Population Prospects |publisher=[[United Nations]] |year=2008 |accessdate=4 December 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107202521/http://esa.un.org/unpp/ |archivedate=7 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/big&gt; for the whole period from 1950 to 2050.
| religion = [[Vajrayana|Buddhism]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hinduism]]
| area_magnitude = 1 E10
}}

{{Axiya}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>g1dluwwj54810xoymrny3je8jujlht5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox country</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5674</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Infobox tiko" />
    <revision>
      <id>32295</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-12T14:49:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Template:Infobox tiko]]</comment>
      <origin>32295</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="e4h4iltm2y5qgo6cqgfoyt7ey46iegs" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox tiko]]</text>
      <sha1>e4h4iltm2y5qgo6cqgfoyt7ey46iegs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:TW/DOC</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5675</id>
    <redirect title="en:WP:TW/DOC" />
    <revision>
      <id>32297</id>
      <parentid>32296</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-12T14:58:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Soft redirect</comment>
      <origin>32297</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="46" sha1="ctn3vnfnnpn4csc10h8lvzxbm72tzjl" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[:en:WP:TW/DOC]]

{{not this wiki}}</text>
      <sha1>ctn3vnfnnpn4csc10h8lvzxbm72tzjl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Not this wiki</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5676</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32298</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-12T14:58:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Test-5</comment>
      <origin>32298</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="104" sha1="01mc7uumsdqasem11corpkuijmysh3u" xml:space="preserve">This is a soft redirect. Please prefer to have a click above until this page is developing on this wiki.</text>
      <sha1>01mc7uumsdqasem11corpkuijmysh3u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Editpage.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5678</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32300</id>
      <parentid>32299</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-08-12T16:13:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Modified</comment>
      <origin>32300</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="737" sha1="09ctv0p6uqxfuq7y770q3y11my65mv4" xml:space="preserve">//dynamically load Commons-style Edittools
function createEdittoolsLink(){
 //get div.mw-editTools
 var box = document.getElementById('wpTextbox1')
 while (box &amp;&amp; box.className!='mw-editTools') box=box.nextSibling
 if (!box) return
 //create a link
 var lnk = document.createElement('a')
 lnk.href =  'javascript:loadCommonsTools()'
 lnk.title = 'Load Commons-style Edittools' 
 lnk.id = 'loadCommonsEdittoos'
 lnk.appendChild(document.createTextNode('[load edittools]'))
 lnk.style.cssText = 'float:right'
 box.appendChild(lnk)
}
function loadCommonsTools(){
 importScript('MediaWiki:Gadget-charinsert-core.js')
 var lnk = document.getElementById('loadCommonsEdittoos')
 if (lnk) lnk.parentNode.removeChild(lnk)
}
$(createEdittoolsLink)</text>
      <sha1>09ctv0p6uqxfuq7y770q3y11my65mv4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-charinsert-core.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5679</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32301</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-12T16:15:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New gadget setup</comment>
      <origin>32301</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="15267" sha1="8h2ohoth4rbz3pggbp4dnkvgvijhilj" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Copied from [[mw:User:Alex Smotrov/edittools.js]], modified for use on the English Wikipedia.
 *
 * Configuration (to be set from [[Special:MyPage/common.js]]):
 *   window.charinsertCustom – Object. Merged into the default charinsert list. For example, setting
 *       this to { Symbols: '‽' } will add the interrobang to the end of the Symbols section.
 *   window.editToolsRecall – Boolean. Set true to create a recall switch.
 *   window.charinsertDontMove – Boolean. Set true to leave the box in its default position, rather
 *       than moving it above the edit summary.
 *   window.updateEditTools() – Function. Call after updating window.charinsertCustom to regenerate the
 *       EditTools window.
 */
/* global jQuery, mw, charinsertCustom */

window.updateEditTools = function () {
};

jQuery( document ).ready( function ( $ ) {
	var $currentFocused,
		editTools;

    function getSelectedSection() {
		var selectedSection = mw.storage.get( editTools.storageKey )
			|| mw.storage.session.get( editTools.storageKey );
		
		return selectedSection;
    }
    
    function saveSelectedSection( newIndex ) {
		mw.storage.set( editTools.storageKey, newIndex )
			|| mw.storage.session.set( editTools.storageKey, newIndex );
    }
    
    editTools = {
        // Entries prefixed with ␥ (U+2425 SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO) will not appear in the article namespace (namespace 0).
        // Please make any changes to [[MediaWiki:Edittools]] as well, however, instead of using the ␥ symbol, use {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}| | }}.
        charinsert: {
            'Insert': ' – — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · §  ␥Sign_your_posts_on_talk_pages: ␥~~\~~  Cite_your_sources: &lt;ref&gt;+&lt;/ref&gt;',
            'Wiki markup': 'Insert:  – — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § ␥~~\~~ &lt;ref&gt;+&lt;/ref&gt;  Wiki_markup:  {\{+}}  {\{\{+}}}  |  [+]  [\[+]]  [\[Category:+]]  #REDIRECT.[\[+]]  &amp;nbsp;  &lt;s&gt;+&lt;/s&gt;  &lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;sub&gt;+&lt;/sub&gt;  &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;pre&gt;+&lt;/pre&gt;  &lt;blockquote&gt;+&lt;/blockquote&gt;  &lt;ref.name=&quot;+&quot;_/&gt;  {\{#tag:ref|+|group=&quot;nb&quot;|name=&quot;&quot;}}  {\{Reflist}}  &lt;references./&gt;  &lt;includeonly&gt;+&lt;/includeonly&gt;  &lt;noinclude&gt;+&lt;/noinclude&gt;  {\{DEFAULTSORT:+}}  &lt;nowiki&gt;+&lt;/nowiki&gt;  &lt;!--.+_--&gt;  &lt;span.class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;',
            'Symbols': '~ | ¡¿†‡↔↑↓•¶#∞  ‘+’ “+” ‹+› «+» {\{angle.bracket|+}}  ¤₳฿₵¢₡₢$₫₯€₠₣ƒ₴₭₤ℳ₥₦№₧₰£៛₨₪৳₮₩¥  ♠♣♥♦  ♭♯♮  ©®™ ◌',
            'Latin': 'A a Á á À à Â â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā Ã ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ  B b  C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç  D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð  E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə  F f  G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ  H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ  I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị  J j Ĵ ĵ  K k Ķ ķ  L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ  M m Ṃ ṃ  N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ  O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ  Ɔ ɔ  P p  Q q  R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ  S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß  T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ  U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ  V v  W w Ŵ ŵ  X x  Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ  Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž  ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə',
            'Greek': 'ΆάΈέΉήΊίΌόΎύΏώ  ΑαΒβΓγΔδ  ΕεΖζΗηΘθ  ΙιΚκΛλΜμ  ΝνΞξΟοΠπ  ΡρΣσςΤτΥυ  ΦφΧχΨψΩω Ϝϝυ̯ι̯  ᾼᾳᾴᾺὰᾲᾶᾷἈἀᾈᾀἉἁᾉᾁἌἄᾌᾄἊἂᾊᾂἎἆᾎᾆἍἅᾍᾅἋἃᾋᾃἏἇᾏᾇ  ῈὲἘἐἙἑἜἔἚἒἝἕἛἓ  ῌῃῄῊὴῂῆῇἨἠᾘᾐἩἡᾙᾑἬἤᾜᾔἪἢᾚᾒἮἦᾞᾖἭἥᾝᾕἫἣᾛᾓἯἧᾟᾗ  ῚὶῖἸἰἹἱἼἴἺἲἾἶἽἵἻἳἿἷΪϊΐῒῗ  ῸὸὈὀὉὁὌὄὊὂὍὅὋὃ  ῤῬῥ  ῪὺῦὐὙὑὔὒὖὝὕὛὓὟὗΫϋΰῢῧ  ῼῳῴῺὼῲῶῷὨὠᾨᾠὩὡᾩᾡὬὤᾬᾤὪὢᾪᾢὮὦᾮᾦὭὥᾭᾥὫὣᾫᾣὯὧᾯᾧ ᾹᾱᾸᾰῙῑῘῐῩῡῨῠ {{lang|el|+}} {{lang|grc|+}}',
            'Cyrillic': 'АаБбВвГг  ҐґЃѓДдЂђ  ЕеЁёЄєЖж  ЗзЅѕИиІі  ЇїЙйЈјКк  ЌќЛлЉљМм  НнЊњОоПп  РрСсТтЋћ  УуЎўФфХх  ЦцЧчЏџШш  ЩщЪъЫыЬь  ЭэЮюЯя ӘәӨөҒғҖҗ ҚқҜҝҢңҮү ҰұҲҳҸҹҺһ  ҔҕӢӣӮӯҘҙ  ҠҡҤҥҪҫӐӑ  ӒӓӔӕӖӗӰӱ  ӲӳӸӹӀ  ҞҟҦҧҨҩҬҭ  ҴҵҶҷҼҽҾҿ  ӁӂӃӄӇӈӋӌ  ӚӛӜӝӞӟӠӡ  ӤӥӦӧӪӫӴӵ  ́',
            'Hebrew': 'אבגדהוזחטיכךלמםנןסעפףצץקרשת  ׳ ״  װױײ',
            'Arabic': '  Transliteration: ʾ  ā ī ū ṯ ḥ ḫ ẖ ḏ š ṣ ḍ ṭ ẓ ʿ ġ ẗ á ا ﺁ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه ة و ي ى ء أ إ ؤ ئ',
            'IPA (English)': 'ˈ ˌ  ŋ ɡ tʃ dʒ ʃ ʒ θ ð ʔ  ɑː ɒ æ aɪ aʊ ɛ eɪ ɪ iː ɔː ɔɪ oʊ ʊ uː ʌ ɜr  ə ər ᵻ ᵿ ɒ̃ æ̃  {\{IPAc-en|+}} {\{IPA-en|+}} {\{IPA|+}}  {\{angle.bracket|+}}',
            'IPA': 'Consonants: ɱɳɲŋɴ : t̪ d̪ ʈɖɟɡɢʡʔ : ɸβθð  ʃʒʂʐɕʑ  çʝɣχʁ  ħʕʜʢɦɧ : ʋɹɻɥɰʍ : ʙⱱɾɽʀ  ɺ  ɫɬɮɭʎʟ : ɓɗᶑʄɠʛ  ʘǀǃǂǁ  Vowels: ɪʏɨʉɯʊ : øɘɵɤ  ə ɚ  ɛœɜɝɞʌɔ : æɶɐɑɒ  Spacing_diacritics: ˈˌːˑʼˀˤᵝᵊᶢˠʰʱʲˡⁿᵑʷᶣ˞‿˕˔  Combining_diacritics: ̚ ̪ ̺ ̻ ̼ ̬  ̊ ̥ ̞ ̝ ̘ ̙ ̽ ̟ ̠  ̈ ̤ ̹ ̜ ̍ ̩  ̆ ̯  ̃ ̰ ͡ ͜  Tone:  ̋  ́  ̄  ̀  ̏  ̌  ̂ ᷄ ᷅ ᷇ ᷆ ᷈ ᷉  ˥˦˧˨˩ꜛꜜ : ↗↘‖  extIPA: ͈ ͉ ͎ ̣ ̫ ͊ ᷽ ͇ : ˭ᵻᵿ  {\{angle.bracket|+}} {\{IPA|+}} {\{IPA.link|+}}',
            'Math and logic': '− × ÷ ⋅ ° ∗ ∘ ± ∓ ≤ ≥ ≠ ≡ ≅ ≜ ≝ ≐ ≃ ≈ ⊕ ⊗ ⇐ ⇔ ⇒ ∞ ← ↔ → ≪ ≫ ∝ √ ∤ ≀ ◅ ▻ ⋉ ⋊ ⋈ ∴ ∵ ↦ ¬ ∧ ∨ ⊻ ∀ ∃ ∈ ∉ ∋ ⊆ ⊈ ⊊ ⊂ ⊄ ⊇ ⊉ ⊋ ⊃ ⊅ ∪ ∩ ∑ ∏ ∐ ′ ∫ ∬ ∭ ∮ ∇ ∂ ∆ ∅ ℂ ℍ ℕ ℙ ℚ ℝ ℤ ℵ ⌊ ⌋ ⌈ ⌉ ⊤ ⊥ ⊢ ⊣ ⊧ □ ∠ ⟨ ⟩ &lt;math&gt;+&lt;/math&gt; {\{math|+}} {\{mvar|+}} {\{frac|+|}} {\{sfrac|+|}}'
        },

        charinsertDivider: &quot;\240&quot;,

        storageKey: 'edittoolscharsubset',

        createEditTools: function ( placeholder ) {
            var sel, id;
            var box = document.createElement( 'div' );
            var prevSubset = 0, curSubset = 0;
            box.id = 'editpage-specialchars';
            box.title = 'Click on the character or tag to insert it into the edit window';

            // append user-defined sets
            if ( window.charinsertCustom ) {
                for ( id in charinsertCustom ) {
                    if ( !editTools.charinsert[id] ) {
                        editTools.charinsert[id] = '';
                    }
                }
            }

            // create drop-down select
            sel = document.createElement( 'select' );
            for ( id in editTools.charinsert ) {
                sel.options[sel.options.length] = new Option( id, id );
            }
            sel.selectedIndex = 0;
            sel.style.marginRight = '.3em';
            sel.title = 'Choose character subset';
            sel.onchange = sel.onkeyup = selectSubset;
            box.appendChild( sel );

            // create &quot;recall&quot; switch
            if ( window.editToolsRecall ) {
                var recall = document.createElement( 'span' );
                recall.appendChild( document.createTextNode( '↕' ) ); // ↔
                recall.onclick = function() {
                    sel.selectedIndex = prevSubset;
                    selectSubset();
                };
                recall.style.cssFloat = 'left';
                recall.style.marginRight = '5px';
                recall.style.cursor = 'pointer';
                box.appendChild( recall );
            }

			if ( getSelectedSection() ) {
				sel.selectedIndex = getSelectedSection();
			} else {
	            // load latest selection from cookies (deprecated, remove in september 2018)
	            try {
	                var cookieRe = new RegExp( &quot;(?:^|;)\\s*&quot; + editTools.storageKey + &quot;=(\\d+)\\s*(?:;|$)&quot; );
	                var m = cookieRe.exec( document.cookie );
	                if ( m &amp;&amp; m.length &gt; 1 &amp;&amp; parseInt( m[1] ) &lt; sel.options.length ) {
	                    sel.selectedIndex = parseInt( m[1] );
	                }
	            } catch ( err ) {
	                // ignore
	            }
			}

            placeholder.parentNode.replaceChild( box, placeholder );
            selectSubset();
            return;

            function selectSubset() {
                // remember previous (for &quot;recall&quot; button)
                prevSubset = curSubset;
                curSubset = sel.selectedIndex;
                //save into web storage for persistence
                saveSelectedSection( curSubset );
                
                //hide other subsets
                var pp = box.getElementsByTagName( 'p' ) ;
                for ( var i = 0; i &lt; pp.length; i++ ) {
                    pp[i].style.display = 'none';
                }
                //show/create current subset
                var id = sel.options[curSubset].value;
                var p = document.getElementById( id );
                if ( !p ) {
                    p = document.createElement( 'p' );
                    p.className = 'nowraplinks';
                    p.id = id;
                    if ( id == 'Arabic' || id == 'Hebrew' ) {
                        p.style.fontSize = '120%';
                        p.dir = 'rtl';
                    }
                    var tokens = editTools.charinsert[id];
                    if ( window.charinsertCustom &amp;&amp; charinsertCustom[id] ) {
                        if ( tokens.length &gt; 0 ) {
                            tokens += ' ';
                        }
                        tokens += charinsertCustom[id];
                    }
                    editTools.createTokens( p, tokens );
                    box.appendChild( p );
                }
                p.style.display = 'inline';
            }
        },

        createTokens: function ( paragraph, str ) {
            var tokens = str.split( ' ' ), token, i, n;
            for ( i = 0; i &lt; tokens.length; i++ ) {
                token = tokens[i];
                n = token.indexOf( '+' );
                if ( token.charAt( 0 ) === '␥' ) {
                    if ( token.length &gt; 1 &amp;&amp; mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) === 0 ) {
                        continue;
                    } else {
                        token = token.substring( 1 );
                    }
                }
                if ( token === '' || token === '_' ) {
                    addText( editTools.charinsertDivider + ' ' );
                } else if ( token === '\n' ) {
                    paragraph.appendChild( document.createElement( 'br' ) );
                } else if ( token === '___' ) {
                    paragraph.appendChild( document.createElement( 'hr' ) );
                } else if ( token.charAt( token.length-1 ) === ':' ) { // : at the end means just text
                    addBold( token );
                } else if ( n === 0 ) { // +&lt;tag&gt;  -&gt;   &lt;tag&gt;+&lt;/tag&gt;
                    addLink( token.substring( 1 ), '&lt;/' + token.substring( 2 ), token.substring( 1 ) );
                } else if ( n &gt; 0 ) { // &lt;tag&gt;+&lt;/tag&gt;
                    addLink( token.substring( 0, n ), token.substring( n+1 ) );
                } else if ( token.length &gt; 2 &amp;&amp; token.charCodeAt( 0 ) &gt; 127 ) { // a string of insertable characters
                    for ( var j = 0; j &lt; token.length; j++ ) {
                        addLink( token.charAt( j ), '' );
                    }
                } else {
                    addLink( token, '' );
                }
            }
            return;

            function addLink( tagOpen, tagClose, name ) {
                var handler;
                var dle = tagOpen.indexOf( '\x10' );
                var a = document.createElement( 'a' );
                
                if ( dle &gt; 0 ) {
                    var path = tagOpen.substring( dle + 1 ).split( '.' );
                    tagOpen = tagOpen.substring( 0, dle );
                    handler = window;
                    for ( var i = 0; i &lt; path.length; i++ ) {
                        handler = handler[path[i]];
                    }
	                $( a ).on( 'click', handler );
                } else {
                    tagOpen = tagOpen.replace( /\./g,' ' );
                    tagClose = tagClose ? tagClose.replace( /_/g,' ' ) : '';
                    $( a ).on( 'click', {
                    	tagOpen: tagOpen,
                    	sampleText: '',
                    	tagClose: tagClose
                    }, insertTags );
                }

                name = name || tagOpen + tagClose;
                name = name.replace( /\\n/g,'' );
                a.appendChild( document.createTextNode( name ) );
                a.href = '';
                paragraph.appendChild( a );
                addText( ' ' );
            }

            function addBold( text ) {
                var b = document.createElement( 'b' );
                b.appendChild( document.createTextNode( text.replace( /_/g,' ' ) ) );
                paragraph.appendChild( b );
                addText( ' ' );
            }
            function addText( txt ) {
                paragraph.appendChild( document.createTextNode( txt ) );
            }
            function insertTags( e ) {
            	e.preventDefault();
            	if ( $currentFocused &amp;&amp; $currentFocused.length ) {
					$currentFocused.textSelection(
						'encapsulateSelection', {
							pre: e.data.tagOpen,
							peri: e.data.sampleText,
							post: e.data.tagClose
						}
					);
				}
            }
        },

        setup: function () {
            var placeholder;
            if ( $( '#editpage-specialchars' ).length ) {
                placeholder = $( '#editpage-specialchars' )[0];
            } else {
                placeholder = $( '&lt;div id=&quot;editpage-specialchars&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;' ).prependTo( '.mw-editTools' )[0];
            }
            if ( !placeholder ) {
                return;
            }
            if ( !window.charinsertDontMove ) {
                $( '.editOptions' ).before( placeholder );
            }
            // Find the element that is focused
            $currentFocused = $( '#wpTextbox1' );
            // Apply to dynamically created textboxes as well as normal ones
			$( document ).on( 'focus', 'textarea, input:text', function () {
				$currentFocused = $( this );
			} );

			// Used to determine where to insert tags
            editTools.createEditTools( placeholder );
            window.updateEditTools = function () {
                editTools.createEditTools( $( '#editpage-specialchars' )[0] );
            };
        }

    }; // end editTools

    editTools.setup();
} );</text>
      <sha1>8h2ohoth4rbz3pggbp4dnkvgvijhilj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-charinsert</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>5680</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32302</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-12T16:17:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New gadget</comment>
      <origin>32302</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="132" sha1="l4fetr131lwr0bt0nlcvu7wgo5w8old" xml:space="preserve">[[mw:extension:CharInsert|CharInsert]]: add a toolbar under the edit window for quickly inserting wiki markup and special characters</text>
      <sha1>l4fetr131lwr0bt0nlcvu7wgo5w8old</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Navy</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5681</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32309</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-12T18:02:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32309</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="116" sha1="9x63ylkwxm2njgtsz0uoqc1njjp0kit" xml:space="preserve">{{country data {{{1}}} 
| navy/core
| variant = {{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}}
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}} 
}}</text>
      <sha1>9x63ylkwxm2njgtsz0uoqc1njjp0kit</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Webarchive</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5684</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32314</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-15T06:52:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32314</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="176" sha1="af0jh9wqwfjf3uyx3ywwvb039disnpm" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:webarchive|webarchive}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>af0jh9wqwfjf3uyx3ywwvb039disnpm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Webarchive</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5685</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32315</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-15T06:54:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New module</comment>
      <origin>32315</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="28964" sha1="dnlejm2fyhikbmnutno94vr26s7xz1f" xml:space="preserve">--[[ ----------------------------------

     Lua module implementing the {{webarchive}} template. 

       A merger of the functionality of three templates: {{wayback}}, {{webcite}} and {{cite archives}}
   
  ]]

local p = {}

--[[--------------------------&lt; inlineError &gt;-----------------------

     Critical error. Render output completely in red. Add to tracking category.

 ]]

local function inlineError(arg, msg)

  track[&quot;Category:Webarchive template errors&quot;] = 1
  return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%&quot; class=&quot;error citation-comment&quot;&gt;Error in webarchive template: Check &lt;code style=&quot;color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;' .. arg .. '=&lt;/code&gt; value. ' .. msg .. '&lt;/span&gt;'

end

--[[--------------------------&lt; inlineRed &gt;-----------------------

      Render a text fragment in red, such as a warning as part of the final output.
      Add tracking category.

 ]]

local function inlineRed(msg, trackmsg)

  if trackmsg == &quot;warning&quot; then
    track[&quot;Category:Webarchive template warnings&quot;] = 1 
  elseif trackmsg == &quot;error&quot; then
    track[&quot;Category:Webarchive template errors&quot;] = 1 
  end

  return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%&quot; class=&quot;error citation-comment&quot;&gt;' .. msg .. '&lt;/span&gt;'

end

--[[--------------------------&lt; trimArg &gt;-----------------------

     trimArg returns nil if arg is &quot;&quot; while trimArg2 returns 'true' if arg is &quot;&quot; 
     trimArg2 is for args that might accept an empty value, as an on/off switch like nolink=

 ]]

local function trimArg(arg)
  if arg == &quot;&quot; or arg == nil then
    return nil
  else
    return mw.text.trim(arg)
  end
end
local function trimArg2(arg)
  if arg == nil then
    return nil
  else
    return mw.text.trim(arg)
  end
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; base62 &gt;-----------------------

     Convert base-62 to base-10
     Credit: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul:Expr 

  ]]

local function base62( value )

    local r = 1

    if value:match( &quot;^%w+$&quot; ) then
        local n = #value
        local k = 1
        local c
        r = 0
        for i = n, 1, -1 do
            c = value:byte( i, i )
            if c &gt;= 48  and  c &lt;= 57 then
                c = c - 48
            elseif c &gt;= 65  and  c &lt;= 90 then
                c = c - 55
            elseif c &gt;= 97  and  c &lt;= 122 then
                c = c - 61
            else    -- How comes?
                r = 1
                break    -- for i
            end
            r = r + c * k
            k = k * 62
        end -- for i
    end
    return r
end 

--[[--------------------------&lt; tableLength &gt;-----------------------

      Given a 1-D table, return number of elements

  ]]

local function tableLength(T)
  local count = 0
  for _ in pairs(T) do count = count + 1 end
  return count
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; dateFormat &gt;-----------------------

     Given a date string, return its format: dmy, mdy, iso, ymd
       If unable to determine return nil

  ]]

local function dateFormat(date)

  local dt = {}
  dt.split = {}

  dt.split = mw.text.split(date, &quot;-&quot;)
  if tableLength(dt.split) == 3 then
    if tonumber(dt.split[1]) &gt; 1900 and tonumber(dt.split[1]) &lt; 2200 and tonumber(dt.split[2]) and tonumber(dt.split[3]) then
      return &quot;iso&quot;
    else
      return nil
    end
  end  

  dt.split = mw.text.split(date, &quot; &quot;)
  if tableLength(dt.split) == 3 then
    if tonumber(dt.split[3]) then
      if tonumber(dt.split[3]) &gt; 1900 and tonumber(dt.split[3]) &lt; 2200 then
        if tonumber(dt.split[1]) then
          return &quot;dmy&quot;
        else
          return &quot;mdy&quot;
        end 
      else
        if tonumber(dt.split[1]) then
          if tonumber(dt.split[1]) &gt; 1900 and tonumber(dt.split[1]) &lt; 2200 then
            return &quot;ymd&quot;
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
  return nil

end

--[[--------------------------&lt; makeDate &gt;-----------------------

     Given a zero-padded 4-digit year, 2-digit month and 2-digit day, return a full date in df format
     df = mdy, dmy, iso, ymd

 ]]

local function makeDate(year, month, day, df)

  if not year or year == &quot;&quot; or not month or month == &quot;&quot; or not day or day == &quot;&quot; then
    return nil
  end

  local zmonth = month                                                      -- month with leading 0
  month = month:match(&quot;0*(%d+)&quot;)                                            -- month without leading 0
  if tonumber(month) &lt; 1 or tonumber(month) &gt; 12 then
    return year
  end
  local nmonth = os.date(&quot;%B&quot;, os.time{year=2000, month=month, day=1} )     -- month in name form       
  if not nmonth then
    return year
  end

  local zday = day
  day = zday:match(&quot;0*(%d+)&quot;)
  if tonumber(day) &lt; 1 or tonumber(day) &gt; 31 then
    if df == &quot;mdy&quot; or df == &quot;dmy&quot; then
      return nmonth .. &quot; &quot; .. year
    elseif df == &quot;iso&quot; then
      return year .. &quot;-&quot; .. zmonth 
    elseif df == &quot;ymd&quot; then
      return year .. &quot; &quot; .. nmonth
    else
      return nmonth .. &quot; &quot; .. year
    end
  end                                       

  if df == &quot;mdy&quot; then
    return nmonth .. &quot; &quot; .. day .. &quot;, &quot; .. year         -- September 1, 2016
  elseif df == &quot;dmy&quot; then
    return day .. &quot; &quot; .. nmonth .. &quot; &quot; .. year          -- 1 September 2016
  elseif df == &quot;iso&quot; then
    return year .. &quot;-&quot; .. zmonth .. &quot;-&quot; .. zday         -- 2016-09-01
  elseif df == &quot;ymd&quot; then
    return year .. &quot; &quot; .. nmonth .. &quot; &quot; .. day          -- 2016 September 1
  else
    return nmonth .. &quot; &quot; .. day .. &quot;, &quot; .. year         -- September 1, 2016
  end

end


--[[--------------------------&lt; decodeWebciteDate &gt;-----------------------

      Given a URI-path to Webcite (eg. /67xHmVFWP) return the encoded date in df format

  ]]
local function decodeWebciteDate(path, df)

    local dt = {}
    dt.split = {}

    dt.split = mw.text.split(path, &quot;/&quot;)

    -- valid URL formats that are not base62

    -- http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1138911916587475
    -- http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http..&amp;date=2012-06-01+21:40:03
    -- http://www.webcitation.org/1138911916587475
    -- http://www.webcitation.org/cache/73e53dd1f16cf8c5da298418d2a6e452870cf50e
    -- http://www.webcitation.org/getfile.php?fileid=1c46e791d68e89e12d0c2532cc3cf629b8bc8c8e

    if mw.ustring.find( dt.split[2], &quot;query&quot;, 1, true) or 
       mw.ustring.find( dt.split[2], &quot;cache&quot;, 1, true) or
       mw.ustring.find( dt.split[2], &quot;getfile&quot;, 1, true) or
       tonumber(dt.split[2]) then
      return &quot;query&quot;
    end

    dt.full = os.date(&quot;%Y %m %d&quot;, string.sub(string.format(&quot;%d&quot;, base62(dt.split[2])),1,10) )
    dt.split = mw.text.split(dt.full, &quot; &quot;)
    dt.year = dt.split[1]
    dt.month = dt.split[2]
    dt.day = dt.split[3]

    if not tonumber(dt.year) or not tonumber(dt.month) or not tonumber(dt.day) then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (1)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end

    if tonumber(dt.month) &gt; 12 or tonumber(dt.day) &gt; 31 or tonumber(dt.month) &lt; 1 then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (2)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end
    if tonumber(dt.year) &gt; tonumber(os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;)) or tonumber(dt.year) &lt; 1900 then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (3)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end

    local fulldate = makeDate(dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, df)
    if not fulldate then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (4)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    else
      return fulldate
    end

end

--[[--------------------------&lt; decodeWaybackDate &gt;-----------------------

Given a URI-path to Wayback (eg. /web/20160901010101/http://example.com )
  or Library of Congress Web Archives (/all/20160901010101/http://example.com)
  return the formatted date eg. &quot;September 1, 2016&quot; in df format 
  Handle non-digits in snapshot ID such as &quot;re_&quot; and &quot;-&quot; and &quot;*&quot;

 ]]

local function decodeWaybackDate(path, df)

    local snapdate, snapdatelong, currdate, fulldate

    local safe = path
    snapdate = string.gsub(safe, &quot;^/all/&quot;, &quot;&quot;)                          -- Remove leading &quot;/all/&quot;
    safe = snapdate
    snapdate = string.gsub(safe, &quot;^/w?e?b?/?&quot;, &quot;&quot;)                      -- Remove leading &quot;/web/&quot; or &quot;/&quot;
    safe = snapdate
    local N = mw.text.split(safe, &quot;/&quot;)
    snapdate = N[1]
    if snapdate == &quot;*&quot; then                                             -- eg. /web/*/http.. or /all/*/http..
      return &quot;index&quot;
    end
    safe = snapdate
    snapdate = string.gsub(safe, &quot;[a-z][a-z]_[0-9]?$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)              -- Remove any trailing &quot;re_&quot; from date 
    safe = snapdate
    snapdate = string.gsub(safe, &quot;[-]&quot;, &quot;&quot;)                             -- Remove dashes from date eg. 2015-01-01 
    safe = snapdate
    snapdate = string.gsub(safe, &quot;[*]$&quot;, &quot;&quot;)                            -- Remove trailing &quot;*&quot; 

    if not tonumber(snapdate) then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (2)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end
    local dlen = string.len(snapdate)
    if dlen &lt; 4 then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (3)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end
    if dlen &lt; 14 then
      snapdatelong = snapdate .. string.rep(&quot;0&quot;, 14 - dlen)
    else
      snapdatelong = snapdate
    end
    local year = string.sub(snapdatelong, 1, 4)
    local month = string.sub(snapdatelong, 5, 6)
    local day = string.sub(snapdatelong, 7, 8)
    if not tonumber(year) or not tonumber(month) or not tonumber(day) then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (4)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end
    if tonumber(month) &gt; 12 or tonumber(day) &gt; 31 or tonumber(month) &lt; 1 then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (5)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end
    currdate = os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;)
    if tonumber(year) &gt; tonumber(currdate) or tonumber(year) &lt; 1900 then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (6)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end

    fulldate = makeDate(year, month, day, df)
    if not fulldate then
      return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (7)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    else
      return fulldate
    end

end

--[[--------------------------&lt; decodeArchiveisDate &gt;-----------------------

  Given an Archive.is &quot;long link&quot; URI-path (e.g. /2016.08.28-144552/http://example.com)
  return the date in df format (e.g. if df = dmy, return 28 August 2016)
  Handles &quot;.&quot; and &quot;-&quot; in snapshot date, so 2016.08.28-144552 is same as 20160828144552

  ]]

local function decodeArchiveisDate(path, df)

    local snapdate, snapdatelong, currdate, fulldate

    local safe = path
    local N = mw.text.split(safe, &quot;/&quot;)
    safe = N[2]                                                         -- get snapshot date, e.g. 2016.08.28-144552
    snapdate = string.gsub(safe, &quot;[%.%-]&quot;, &quot;&quot;)                          -- remove periods and hyphens

    if not tonumber(snapdate) then                                      -- if not numeric, it is &quot;short link&quot;, not date
        return &quot;short link&quot;                                             -- e.g. http://archive.is/hD1qz
    end

    local dlen = string.len(snapdate)
    if dlen &lt; 4 then
        return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (3)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end
    if dlen &lt; 14 then
        snapdatelong = snapdate .. string.rep(&quot;0&quot;, 14 - dlen)
    else
        snapdatelong = snapdate
    end
    local year = string.sub(snapdatelong, 1, 4)
    local month = string.sub(snapdatelong, 5, 6)
    local day = string.sub(snapdatelong, 7, 8)
    if not tonumber(year) or not tonumber(month) or not tonumber(day) then
        return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (4)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end
    if tonumber(month) &gt; 12 or tonumber(day) &gt; 31 or tonumber(month) &lt; 1 then
        return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (5)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end
    currdate = os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;)
    if tonumber(year) &gt; tonumber(currdate) or tonumber(year) &lt; 1900 then
        return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (6)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end

    fulldate = makeDate(year, month, day, df)
    if not fulldate then
        return inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (7)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    else
        return fulldate
    end

 end


--[[--------------------------&lt; serviceName &gt;-----------------------

     Given a domain extracted by mw.uri.new() (eg. web.archive.org) set tail string and service ID

  ]]

local function serviceName(host, nolink)

  local tracking = &quot;Category:Webarchive template other archives&quot;

  local bracketopen = &quot;[[&quot;
  local bracketclose = &quot;]]&quot;
  if nolink then
    bracketopen = &quot;&quot;
    bracketclose = &quot;&quot;
  end

  ulx.url1.service = &quot;other&quot;
  ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. ulx.url1.host .. &quot; &quot; .. inlineRed(&quot;Error: unknown archive URL&quot;)

  host = string.lower(host)

  if mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;europarchive.org&quot;, 1, true ) then  -- any containing &quot;archive.org&quot; listed before Wayback to avoid disambiguation
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;National Library of Ireland&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;webarchive.org.uk&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;UK Web Archive&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;archive.org&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.service = &quot;wayback&quot;
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Wayback Machine&quot; .. bracketclose
    tracking = &quot;Category:Webarchive template wayback links&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;webcitation.org&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.service = &quot;webcite&quot;
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;WebCite&quot; .. bracketclose
    tracking = &quot;Category:Webarchive template webcite links&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;archive.is&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.service = &quot;archiveis&quot;
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Archive.is&quot; .. bracketclose
    tracking = &quot;Category:Webarchive template archiveis links&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;archive.fo&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.service = &quot;archiveis&quot;
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Archive.is&quot; .. bracketclose
    tracking = &quot;Category:Webarchive template archiveis links&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;archive.today&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.service = &quot;archiveis&quot;
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Archive.is&quot; .. bracketclose
    tracking = &quot;Category:Webarchive template archiveis links&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;archive.li&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.service = &quot;archiveis&quot;
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Archive.is&quot; .. bracketclose
    tracking = &quot;Category:Webarchive template archiveis links&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;archive.ec&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.service = &quot;archiveis&quot;
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Archive.is&quot; .. bracketclose
    tracking = &quot;Category:Webarchive template archiveis links&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;archive-it.org&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.service = &quot;archiveit&quot;
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Archive-It&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;wikiwix.com&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at Wikiwix&quot; 
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;arquivo.pt&quot;, 1, true) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. &quot;Portuguese Web Archive&quot; 
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;webarchive.loc.gov&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.service = &quot;locwebarchives&quot;
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Library of Congress&quot; .. bracketclose .. &quot; Web Archives&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;loc.gov&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Library of Congress&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;webharvest.gov&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;National Archives and Records Administration&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;bibalex.org&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. &quot;[[Bibliotheca_Alexandrina#Internet_Archive_partnership|Bibliotheca Alexandrina]]&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;collectionscanada&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. &quot;Canadian Government Web Archive&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;haw.nsk&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. &quot;Croatian Web Archive (HAW)&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;veebiarhiiv.digar.ee&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. &quot;Estonian Web Archive&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;vefsafn.is&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. &quot;[[National and University Library of Iceland]]&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;proni.gov&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Public Record Office of Northern Ireland&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;uni-lj.si&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. &quot;Slovenian Web Archive&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;stanford.edu&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. &quot;[[Stanford University Libraries|Stanford Web Archive]]&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;nationalarchives.gov.uk&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;UK Government Web Archive&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;parliament.uk&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at the &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;UK Parliament's Web Archive&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;nlb.gov.sg&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. &quot;Web Archive Singapore&quot; 
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;pandora.nla.gov.au&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Pandora Archive&quot; .. bracketclose 
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;perma.cc&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Perma.cc&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;perma-archives.cc&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Perma.cc&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;screenshots.com&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at Screenshots&quot; 
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;freezepage.com&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at Freezepage&quot; 
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;yorku.ca&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. &quot;[[York University Libraries|York University Digital Library]]&quot;
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;webcache.googleusercontent.com&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at Google Cache&quot; 
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;timetravel.mementoweb.org&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Memento Project&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;langzeitarchivierung.bib-bvb.de&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Bavarian State Library&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;webrecorder.io&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;webrecorder.io&quot; .. bracketclose
  elseif mw.ustring.find( host, &quot;webarchive.bac-lac.gc.ca&quot;, 1, true ) then
    ulx.url1.tail = &quot; at &quot; .. bracketopen .. &quot;Library and Archives Canada&quot; .. bracketclose
  else
    tracking = &quot;Category:Webarchive template unknown archives&quot;
  end

  track[tracking] = 1

end

--[[--------------------------&lt; parseExtraArgs &gt;-----------------------

     Parse numbered arguments starting at 2, such as url2..url10, date2..date10, title2..title10
       For example: {{webarchive |url=.. |url4=.. |url7=..}}
         Three url arguments not in numeric sequence (1..4..7). 
         Function only processes arguments numbered 2 or greater (in this case 4 and 7)
         It creates numeric sequenced table entries like:
           urlx.url2.url = &lt;argument value for url4&gt;
           urlx.url3.url = &lt;argument value for url7&gt;
       Returns the number of URL arguments found numbered 2 or greater (in this case returns &quot;2&quot;)

 ]]

local function parseExtraArgs()

  local i, j, argurl, argurl2, argdate, argtitle

  j = 2
  for i = 2, maxurls do
    argurl = &quot;url&quot; .. i
    if trimArg(args[argurl]) then
      argurl2 = &quot;url&quot; .. j
      ulx[argurl2] = {}
      ulx[argurl2][&quot;url&quot;] = args[argurl]
      argdate = &quot;date&quot; .. j
      if trimArg(args[argdate]) then
        ulx[argurl2][&quot;date&quot;] = args[argdate]
      else
        ulx[argurl2][&quot;date&quot;] = inlineRed(&quot;[Date missing]&quot;, &quot;warning&quot;)
      end
      argtitle = &quot;title&quot; .. j
      if trimArg(args[argtitle]) then
        ulx[argurl2][&quot;title&quot;] = args[argtitle]
      else
        ulx[argurl2][&quot;title&quot;] = nil
      end
      j = j + 1
    end
  end

  if j == 2 then
    return 0
  else
    return j - 2
  end

end

--[[--------------------------&lt; comma &gt;-----------------------

     Given a date string, return &quot;,&quot; if it's MDY 

  ]]

local function comma(date)
  local N = mw.text.split(date, &quot; &quot;)
  local O = mw.text.split(N[1], &quot;-&quot;) -- for ISO
  if O[1] == &quot;index&quot; then return &quot;&quot; end
  if not tonumber(O[1]) then
    return &quot;,&quot;
  else
    return &quot;&quot;
  end
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; createTracking &gt;-----------------------

     Return data in track[] ie. tracking categories

  ]]

local function createTracking()

  local sand = &quot;&quot;
  if tableLength(track) &gt; 0 then                        
    for key,_ in pairs(track) do
      sand = sand .. &quot;[[&quot; .. key .. &quot;]]&quot;
    end
  end
  return sand

end

--[[--------------------------&lt; createRendering &gt;-----------------------

     Return a rendering of the data in ulx[][]

  ]]

local function createRendering()

    local sand, displayheader, displayfield

    local period1 = &quot;&quot;   -- For backwards compat with {{wayback}}
    local period2 = &quot;.&quot;                                                            
  
    local indexstr = &quot;archived&quot;
    if ulx.url1.date == &quot;index&quot; then
      indexstr = &quot;archive&quot;
    end  
                                                                                          -- For {{wayback}}, {{webcite}}

    if ulx.url1.format == &quot;none&quot; then                                                     
      if not ulx.url1.title and not ulx.url1.date then                                    -- No title. No date
        sand = &quot;[&quot; .. ulx.url1.url .. &quot; Archived]&quot; .. ulx.url1.tail
      elseif not ulx.url1.title and ulx.url1.date then                                    -- No title. Date.
        if ulx.url1.service == &quot;wayback&quot; then 
          period1 = &quot;.&quot;
          period2 = &quot;&quot; 
        end
        sand = &quot;[&quot; .. ulx.url1.url .. &quot; Archived] &quot; .. ulx.url1.date .. comma(ulx.url1.date) .. ulx.url1.tail .. period1
      elseif ulx.url1.title and not ulx.url1.date then                                    -- Title. No date.
        sand = &quot;[&quot; .. ulx.url1.url .. &quot; &quot; .. ulx.url1.title .. &quot;]&quot; .. ulx.url1.tail
      elseif ulx.url1.title and ulx.url1.date then                                        -- Title. Date.
        sand = &quot;[&quot; .. ulx.url1.url .. &quot; &quot; .. ulx.url1.title .. &quot;]&quot; .. ulx.url1.tail .. &quot;&amp;#32;(&quot; .. indexstr .. &quot; &quot; .. ulx.url1.date .. &quot;)&quot;
      else
        return nil
      end
      if ulx.url1.extraurls &gt; 0 then                                                      -- For multiple archive URLs
        local tot = ulx.url1.extraurls + 1
        sand = sand .. period2 .. &quot; Additional archives: &quot;
        for i=2,tot do
          local indx = &quot;url&quot; .. i
          if ulx[indx][&quot;title&quot;] then 
            displayfield = &quot;title&quot;
          else
            displayfield = &quot;date&quot;
          end
          sand = sand .. &quot;[&quot; .. ulx[indx][&quot;url&quot;] .. &quot; &quot; .. ulx[indx][displayfield] .. &quot;]&quot;
          if i == tot then
            sand = sand .. &quot;.&quot;
          else
            sand = sand .. &quot;, &quot;
          end
        end
      else
        return sand  
      end
      return sand
                                                                                          -- For {{cite archives}}

    else                                                                  
      if ulx.url1.format == &quot;addlarchives&quot; then                           -- Multiple archive services 
        displayheader = &quot;Additional archives: &quot;
      else                                                                -- Multiple pages from the same archive 
        displayheader = &quot;Additional pages archived&amp;nbsp;on &quot; .. ulx.url1.date .. &quot;: &quot;
      end
      local tot = 1 + ulx.url1.extraurls
      local sand = displayheader
      for i=1,tot do
        local indx = &quot;url&quot; .. i
        displayfield = ulx[indx][&quot;title&quot;]
        if ulx.url1.format == &quot;addlarchives&quot; then
          if not displayfield then 
            displayfield = ulx[indx][&quot;date&quot;]
          end
        else
          if not displayfield then 
            displayfield = &quot;Page &quot; .. i
          end
        end
        sand = sand .. &quot;[&quot; .. ulx[indx][&quot;url&quot;] .. &quot; &quot; .. displayfield .. &quot;]&quot;
        if i == tot then
          sand = sand .. &quot;.&quot;
        else
          sand = sand .. &quot;, &quot;
        end
      end
      return sand
    end
end

function p.webarchive(frame)
  args = frame.args
  if (args[1]==nil) and (args[&quot;url&quot;]==nil) then           -- if no argument provided than check parent template/module args
    args = frame:getParent().args 
  end
 
  local tname = &quot;Webarchive&quot;                              -- name of calling template. Change if template rename.
  ulx = {}                                                -- Associative array to hold template data 
  track = {}                                              -- Associative array to hold tracking categories
  maxurls = 10                                            -- Max number of URLs allowed. 
  local verifydates = &quot;yes&quot;                               -- See documentation. Set &quot;no&quot; to disable.

                                                          -- URL argument (first)

  local url1 = trimArg(args.url) or trimArg(args.url1)           
  if not url1 then
    return inlineError(&quot;url&quot;, &quot;Empty.&quot;) .. createTracking()
  end
  if mw.ustring.find( url1, &quot;https://web.http&quot;, 1, true ) then    -- track bug 
    track[&quot;Category:Webarchive template errors&quot;] = 1 
    return inlineError(&quot;url&quot;, &quot;https://web.http&quot;) .. createTracking()
  end 
  if url1 == &quot;https://web.archive.org/http:/&quot; then                 -- track bug
    track[&quot;Category:Webarchive template errors&quot;] = 1 
    return inlineError(&quot;url&quot;, &quot;Invalid URL&quot;) .. createTracking()
  end

  ulx.url1 = {}
  ulx.url1.url = url1
  if not mw.ustring.find( mw.ustring.lower(url1), &quot;^http&quot;) then
    if not mw.ustring.find( url1, &quot;^//&quot;) then
      ulx.url1.url = &quot;http://&quot; .. url1
    end
  end
  local uri1 = mw.uri.new(ulx.url1.url)
  ulx.url1.host = uri1.host
  ulx.url1.extraurls = parseExtraArgs()

                                                          -- Nolink argument 

  local nolink = trimArg2(args.nolink)

  serviceName(uri1.host, nolink)

                                                          -- Date argument

  local date = trimArg(args.date) or trimArg(args.date1)
  if date == &quot;*&quot; and (ulx.url1.service == &quot;wayback&quot; or ulx.url1.service == &quot;locwebarchives&quot;) then
    date = &quot;index&quot;
  elseif date and (ulx.url1.service == &quot;wayback&quot; or ulx.url1.service == &quot;locwebarchives&quot;) and verifydates == &quot;yes&quot; then
    local ldf = dateFormat(date)
    if ldf then
      local udate = decodeWaybackDate( uri1.path, ldf )
      if udate ~= date then
        date = udate .. inlineRed(&quot;&lt;sup&gt;[Date mismatch]&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;, &quot;warning&quot;)       
      end
    end
  elseif date and ulx.url1.service == &quot;webcite&quot; and verifydates == &quot;yes&quot; then 
    local ldf = dateFormat(date)
    if ldf then
      local udate = decodeWebciteDate( uri1.path, ldf )
      if udate == &quot;query&quot; then -- skip
      elseif udate ~= date then
        date = udate .. inlineRed(&quot;&lt;sup&gt;[Date mismatch]&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;, &quot;warning&quot;)      
      end
    end
  elseif date and ulx.url1.service == &quot;archiveis&quot; and verifydates == &quot;yes&quot; then 
     local ldf = dateFormat(date)
     if ldf then
        local udate = decodeArchiveisDate( uri1.path, ldf )
        if udate == &quot;short link&quot; then -- skip
        elseif udate ~= date then
           date = udate .. inlineRed(&quot;&lt;sup&gt;[Date mismatch]&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;, &quot;warning&quot;)      
        end
     end
  elseif not date and (ulx.url1.service == &quot;wayback&quot; or ulx.url1.service == &quot;locwebarchives&quot;) then
    date = decodeWaybackDate( uri1.path, &quot;iso&quot; )
    if not date then 
      date = inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (1)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;) 
    end
  elseif not date and ulx.url1.service == &quot;webcite&quot; then
    date = decodeWebciteDate( uri1.path, &quot;iso&quot; )
    if date == &quot;query&quot; then
      date = inlineRed(&quot;[Date missing]&quot;, &quot;warning&quot;)
    elseif not date then 
      date = inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (1)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
    end
  elseif not date and ulx.url1.service == &quot;archiveis&quot; then
     date = decodeArchiveisDate( uri1.path, &quot;iso&quot; )
     if date == &quot;short link&quot; then
        date = inlineRed(&quot;[Date missing]&quot;, &quot;warning&quot;)
     elseif not date then 
        date = inlineRed(&quot;[Date error] (1)&quot;, &quot;error&quot;)
     end
  elseif not date then
    date = inlineRed(&quot;[Date missing]&quot;, &quot;warning&quot;)
  end
  ulx.url1.date = date

                                                          -- Format argument 

  local format = trimArg(args.format)
  if not format then
    format = &quot;none&quot;
  else
    if format == &quot;addlpages&quot; then
      if not ulx.url1.date then
        format = &quot;none&quot;
      end
    elseif format == &quot;addlarchives&quot; then
      format = &quot;addlarchives&quot;
    else
      format = &quot;none&quot;
    end
  end
  ulx.url1.format = format

                                                          -- Title argument 

  local title = trimArg(args.title) or trimArg(args.title1)
  ulx.url1.title = title
  

  local rend = createRendering()
  if not rend then
    rend = '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%&quot; class=&quot;error citation-comment&quot;&gt;Error in [[:Template:' .. tname .. ']]: Unknown problem. Please report on template talk page.&lt;/span&gt;'
    track[&quot;Category:Webarchive template errors&quot;] = 1 
  end

  return rend .. createTracking()

end

return p</text>
      <sha1>dnlejm2fyhikbmnutno94vr26s7xz1f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Colbegin</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5724</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32392</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-24T13:35:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32392</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="960" sha1="3k77ba1n6atqom4dln18w9ew9iawqyu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;div-col columns column-width&quot; style=&quot;{{column-width|{{{colwidth|30em}}}}} &lt;!--
 --&gt;{{#if: {{{gap|}}}
    | {{column-gap|{{{gap}}}}} }}&lt;!--
 --&gt;{{#switch: {{{rules|}}}
    | = &lt;!--empty--&gt;
    | yes = {{column-rule}}
    | {{Column-rule|{{{rules}}}}} }} &lt;!--
 --&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{small|}}}|yes
    | font-size:90%; }} &lt;!--
 --&gt;{{#if: {{{style|}}}
    | {{{style}}} }}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
 --&gt;{{#if: {{{content|}}}
    |{{{content}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}&lt;!-- Inventory how many pages use small=yes 
 --&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{small|}}}|yes
    |[[Category:Pages using div col with small parameter]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using div col with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Div col]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;; use colwidth= to specify column size |ignoreblank=y | colwidth | content | gap | rules | small | style }}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3k77ba1n6atqom4dln18w9ew9iawqyu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Colend</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5725</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32393</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-24T13:36:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32393</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="96" sha1="e0rj08wj8gm7na2mxp8t9b3l4y8kspb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:Div col/doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e0rj08wj8gm7na2mxp8t9b3l4y8kspb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Pages with maps</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5726</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32394</id>
      <timestamp>2018-08-24T13:37:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New category</comment>
      <origin>32394</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" sha1="179qa6564gz3qp5gjmvl1eziuwvxrsr" xml:space="preserve">These pages contains maps.</text>
      <sha1>179qa6564gz3qp5gjmvl1eziuwvxrsr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Getalias</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5797</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32527</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:03:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="125" sha1="anrk3h1ng0trq4l9xqx1we1umkopk3n" xml:space="preserve">{{country data {{{1}}}|getalias/core|name={{{2|}}}|variant={{{variant|{{{3|}}}}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>anrk3h1ng0trq4l9xqx1we1umkopk3n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Strfind short</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32528</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:04:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32528</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="164" sha1="sng2qjm59mds7la9fh03t82f19ej3y4" xml:space="preserve">{{#Invoke:String|find|source={{{1|}}}|{{{2}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sng2qjm59mds7la9fh03t82f19ej3y4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Substr any</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5799</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32529</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:11:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32529</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="150" sha1="2jb88dajnoqpjglvsm965ah7hjsjr9s" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|sublength|s={{{1}}}|i={{{2|0}}}|len={{{3|0}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2jb88dajnoqpjglvsm965ah7hjsjr9s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str sub old</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5800</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Substr any" />
    <revision>
      <id>32530</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:13:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New redirect</comment>
      <origin>32530</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33" sha1="gbzk2fujyqlkk766krqmogn1okyxoze" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Substr any]]</text>
      <sha1>gbzk2fujyqlkk766krqmogn1okyxoze</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Str find0</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32531</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:14:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32531</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="108" sha1="sert5g7f8gacqtv1cs6edj7iu0d5b97" xml:space="preserve">{{#expr:{{#invoke:String|find|source={{{1}}}|target={{{2}}}}} - 1}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sert5g7f8gacqtv1cs6edj7iu0d5b97</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Strlen quick</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5802</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32534</id>
      <parentid>32532</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:19:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Typo</comment>
      <origin>32534</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="163" sha1="b1x8qcqpdocnua2ihkd8pr5jd1jn7xn" xml:space="preserve">{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|len|s={{{1|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}

&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>b1x8qcqpdocnua2ihkd8pr5jd1jn7xn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ISO 639 name undefined</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5803</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32535</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:37:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New error template</comment>
      <origin>32535</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="100" sha1="aj8dvo4nm32cztxu0vmgfpcxnyfbeoc" xml:space="preserve">{{Error|Template requires an [[ISO 639]] language code}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>aj8dvo4nm32cztxu0vmgfpcxnyfbeoc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Error</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5804</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32536</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:38:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32536</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="102" sha1="axsripqkyjus55mon24y6efvuedy0d2" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Error|error|{{{message|{{{1}}}}}}|tag={{{tag|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>axsripqkyjus55mon24y6efvuedy0d2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ISO 639 name prs</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5805</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32537</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:41:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New language</comment>
      <origin>32537</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86" sha1="aflx6cue6pql4x15gufym97hfo9rp1x" xml:space="preserve">Dari&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{ISO 639 name conversion template doc|cat-lang=Persian}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>aflx6cue6pql4x15gufym97hfo9rp1x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ISO 639 name ps</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5806</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32538</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:43:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New language</comment>
      <origin>32538</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="93" sha1="m3j4jepmyfe5xl5x8omiwws5miixoha" xml:space="preserve">Pashto&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{ISO 639 name conversion template doc|{{ISO 639 name ps}}|ps}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>m3j4jepmyfe5xl5x8omiwws5miixoha</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ISO 639 name hy</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5807</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32539</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:46:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New language</comment>
      <origin>32539</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86" sha1="ebof7jep8me4lltsfnsy8hob5a9cod2" xml:space="preserve">Armenian&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{ISO 639 name conversion template doc|redirect=yes}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ebof7jep8me4lltsfnsy8hob5a9cod2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ISO 639 name az</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32540</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:47:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New language</comment>
      <origin>32540</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="89" sha1="qogwn0wrcf233vkj1ql8gab6gke38jk" xml:space="preserve">Azerbaijani&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{ISO 639 name conversion template doc|redirect=yes}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qogwn0wrcf233vkj1ql8gab6gke38jk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ISO 639 name ar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5809</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32541</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:49:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New language</comment>
      <origin>32541</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="93" sha1="fhgysn1xshvij3kbgimgiz0y4jg45u3" xml:space="preserve">Arabic&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{ISO 639 name conversion template doc|{{ISO 639 name ar}}|ar}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fhgysn1xshvij3kbgimgiz0y4jg45u3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ISO 639 name bn</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32542</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:51:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New language</comment>
      <origin>32542</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" sha1="2udim2opfmduhap0xwrj5ocizdug1is" xml:space="preserve">Bengali&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{ISO 639 name conversion template doc|{{ISO 639 name ar}}|ar}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2udim2opfmduhap0xwrj5ocizdug1is</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Bo-textonly</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32543</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T09:53:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>New template</comment>
      <origin>32543</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1397" sha1="07lmwaoh4ivm00rp9p7n72lj5qy5ole" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang=&quot;{{{lang|}}}&quot;}} style=&quot;font-family: {{#if:{{{ume|}}}|'Qomolangma-Betsu', 'Qomolangma-Chuyig', 'Qomolangma-Drutsa', 'Qomolangma-Edict', 'Qomolangma-Tsumachu', 'Qomolangma-Tsuring', 'Qomolangma-Tsutong', 'TibetanSambhotaYigchung', 'TibetanTsugRing', 'TibetanYigchung',|}} 'Qomolangma-Dunhuang', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Suring', 'Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung', 'Qomolangma-Title', 'Qomolangma-Subtitle', 'Qomolangma-Woodblock', 'DDC Uchen', 'DDC Rinzin', Kailash, 'BabelStone Tibetan', Jomolhari, 'TCRC Youtso Unicode', 'Tibetan Machine Uni', Wangdi29, 'Noto Sans Tibetan', 'Microsoft Himalaya'; font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:top; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{doc|content=
==Usage==
This template allows the correct display of Tibetan script (with the proper fonts and suitable text size), and shows the text only. This template can be used when Tibetan script is displayed mid-paragraph, and there is no need to have links to script names and romanizations.

;Example usage:
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Bo-textonly|དྲི་མེད་བཤེས་གཉེན་}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; produces {{Bo-textonly|དྲི་མེད་བཤེས་གཉེན་}}.

==See also==
*[[:Template:Bo]] - template with language markers

[[Category:Sino-Tibetan multilingual support templates]]

}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>07lmwaoh4ivm00rp9p7n72lj5qy5ole</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Pages with reference errors</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5812</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32545</id>
      <timestamp>2018-09-10T10:17:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dr. Sroy</username>
        <id>5771</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Pages with reference errors&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32545</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="btrw3mqv3m0gddhrbtj3y7z7vkxxn60" xml:space="preserve">Pages with reference errors</text>
      <sha1>btrw3mqv3m0gddhrbtj3y7z7vkxxn60</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Brunei</title>
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      <text bytes="7737" sha1="2mcwlr9wbt8omwz35hyvlxk3pf9a136" xml:space="preserve">{{bold|Brunei}} i tiko ra [[Axiya]].

{{Coord|4|30|N|114|40|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace
| common_name = Brunei
| native_name = ''{{lang|ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}}'' &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:70%&quot;&gt;([[Rumi script|Rumi]])&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{lang|ms-Arab|نڬارا بروني دارالسلام}} &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:70%&quot;&gt;([[Jawi script|Jawi]])&lt;/span&gt;
| image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg
| image_flag2 = 
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Brunei.svg
| symbol_type = National Emblem
| national_motto = {{vunblist |{{big|{{lang|ar|الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى}}}} |{{nowrap|''{{lang|ms|Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah}}''}} |{{small|&quot;Always in service with God's guidance&quot;}}}}
| national_anthem = {{vunblist |''[[Allah Peliharakan Sultan]]'' |{{small|''God Bless the Sultan''}}}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:United States Navy Band - Allah Peliharakan Sultan.oga]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Location Brunei ASEAN.svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=green |region=[[ASEAN]] |region_color=dark grey |legend=Location Brunei ASEAN.svg}}
| capital = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|4|53.417|N|114|56.533|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
| official_languages = [[Malay language|Malay]]{{ref label|Malay|a|}}
| languages_type = Recognised languages
| languages_sub = yes
| languages = [[English language|English]]{{ref label|English|b|}}
| languages2_type = Other languages
&lt;br /&gt;and local dialects&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN/languages |title=Brunei |publisher=Ethnologue |date=19 February 1999 |accessdate=30 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/ |title=Call to add ethnic languages as optional subject in schools |accessdate=19 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20131119230503/http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/ |archivedate=19 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages2 = {{hlist |[[Brunei Malay]] |[[Malay language|Jawi Malay]] | [[Tutong language|Tutong]] |[[Kedayan]] |[[Belait language|Belait]]| [[Chinese languages|Chinese]] ([[Hokkien]], [[Hakka Chinese]], [[Standard Chinese]] and [[Cantonese]]) |Indigenous languages |[[Lun Bawang language|Murut]] |[[Dusun language|Dusun]] |[[Brunei Bisaya language|Brunei Bisaya]] }}{{infobox|child=yes
| label1 = [[Official script]]s
| data1 = {{vunblist |[[Malay alphabet]] |[[Jawi alphabet]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script Writing contest promotes usage, history of Jawi script] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612065057/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script |date=12 June 2012 }}. The Brunei Times (22 October 2010)&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}
| ethnic_groups = {{vunblist
  | 65.7% [[Bruneian Malay people|Malays]]
  | 10.3% [[Ethnic Chinese in Brunei|Chinese]]
  | 24% others
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2016&lt;ref name=WorldFactbook&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html |title=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=28 January 2018 |archive-date=21 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721102115/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym = Bruneian
| government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Islamic state|Islamic]] [[Absolute monarchy|absolute&lt;br /&gt;monarchy]]}}
| leader_title1 = [[List of Sultans of Brunei|Sultan]] and [[Yang di-Pertuan Negara|Yang di-Pertuan]]
| leader_name1 = [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]
| leader_title2 = [[Crown Prince]]
| leader_name2 = [[Al-Muhtadee Billah]]
| leader_title3 = [[Legislative Council of Brunei|Speaker of the Legislative Council]]
| leader_name3 = [[Abdul Rahman Mohamed Taib]]
| leader_title4 = [[State Mufti of Brunei|State Mufti]]
| leader_name4 = [[Abdul Aziz Juned]]
| legislature = [[Legislative Council of Brunei|Legislative Council]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of Brunei|Formation]]
| established_event2 = [[Muhammad Shah of Brunei|Creation of the Sultanate]]
| established_date2 = c.1368
| established_event3 = [[Bruneian Empire]]
| established_date3 = 15th – 19th century
| established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[British protectorate]]}}
| established_date4 = 1888
| established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Independence]] from&lt;br /&gt;the [[United Kingdom]]}}
| established_date5 = 1 January 1984
| established_event6 = [[ASEAN Declaration]]
| established_date6 = 7 January 1984
| area_km2 = 5,765
| area_rank = 164th 
| area_sq_mi = 2,226 
| percent_water = 8.6
| population_estimate = 417,200&lt;ref name=&quot;depd.gov.bn&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/National%20Statistics.aspx |title=National Statistics |publisher=depd.gov.bn |date= |accessdate=1 July 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111141102/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/National%20Statistics.aspx |archivedate=11 November 2016 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{nowrap|Jul 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;depd.gov.bn&quot; /&gt;}}
| population_estimate_rank = 175th
| population_density_km2 = 72.11
| population_density_sq_mi = 186.75 
| population_density_rank = 134th
| GDP_PPP = $33.376 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&amp;pr.y=18&amp;sy=2011&amp;ey=2016&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=516&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Brunei |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=22 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 116th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $77,699&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 5th
| GDP_nominal = $13.002 billion&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 111th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $27,601&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 25th
| Gini = 
| Gini_year = 
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref = 
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.865 
| HDI_year = 2015
| HDI_change = increase 
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf|title=2015 Human Development Report |date=2014 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 31st
| currency = [[Brunei dollar]]
| currency_code = BND
| time_zone = [[Time in Brunei|Brunei Darussalam Time]]
| utc_offset = +8
| utc_offset_DST = 
| time_zone_DST = 
| drives_on = left
| calling_code = [[+673]]{{ref label|Calling Code|c|}}
| cctld = [[.bn]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/bn.html |title=Delegation Record for .BN |publisher=IANA |accessdate=6 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| footnote_a = {{note|Malay}} Under Article 82: &quot;Official language&quot; of the Constitution of Brunei, [[Malay language|Malay]] is the official language.
| footnote_b = {{note|English}} Under Article 82: &quot;Official language&quot; of the Constitution of Brunei, [[English language|English]] is used in official documents (official documents are bilingual; Malay and English).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.agc.gov.bn/agc1/images/LOB/cons_doc/constitution_i.pdf|title=Constitution of Brunei Darussalam|publisher=Attorney General's Chambers Brunei Darussalam|accessdate=15 October 2013}}{{dead link|date=August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| footnote_c = {{note|Calling Code}} Also 080 from [[East Malaysia]].
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| lats = 
| longs = 
| area_magnitude = 1 E9
| country_code = 
}}


{{Axiya}}

==Mintsaho==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Asia]]</text>
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    <title>Nkuna</title>
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== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
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    <title>Giyani Brian Rikhotso</title>
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      <text bytes="2991" sha1="duux00yn3q3df2b28d33d4dnkh36ktj" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
'''Giyani Brian &quot;DJ Brian&quot; Rikhotso''' (utswariwile hi ti 1 ta sunguti 1980) i muhaxi wa xitichi xa [[Munghana Lonene FM]], mutlangi/ mutlambi wa tinsimu na n'wamabindzu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SABC |url=http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=353544804abf33d8aab9ea209eab8490&amp;page_from=PRESS |access-date=2018-09-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050547/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/SABCARTICLE?id=353544804abf33d8aab9ea209eab8490&amp;page_from=PRESS |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; hi ti 2015, Brian usukile eka kuhaxa nongonoko wa Mphensa-Mphensa a hlanganisiwa na Sydney Baloyi ku ya haxa nongonoko wa ni mpundzu ku nga Phaphama.

== Matimu na vutomi byakwe ==
Brian utswariwile e Soweto, [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Ukulelele eBolobedu kusuhi na Tzaneen, [[Limpopo]]. i nghenile eMatshwi Primary School, Bolobedu ayahetisa  eMokope Senior Secondary a nga sidyondzela kuva Journalist e Technikon Pretoria (sweswi kunga Tshwane University of Technology). u sungurile kuhaxa eka Munghana lonene FM hi 2000 a haxa hiku hela ka vhiki.

== Munghana Lonene FM ==
Brian u humelerisile minongonoko yo hambanahambana eka Munghana Lonene FM. uthoriwile eka station hi 2000 tani hi stand-in(muyimeri muhaxi), a tala eku haxa ta Mafu loko ari karhi a hetisa swa tidyondzo ta yena. usungurile ku haxa eka African World Music Show Mindhzumba ya Afrika, lowu hi wona nongonoko  lowu wun'wi dumiseke. hi lembe ra 2003 usungurile ku haxa nongonoko wa Vaxumi, a cincana na Conny Mashimbye. uvuye a kuma nongonoko wo haxa na mpundzu 2005, enongonoko lowu anga haxa kufikela loko a tshika ntirho hi lembe ra 2007.

hi lembe ra 2008 utlhelele eka xitichi laha anga sungula ku haxa nongonoko wani mpundzu wa Phaphama with Sydney Baloyi. hi lembe ra 2009 ntlawa wu hlanganisiwile na Tebogo Jacko Magubane tani hi muhumelerisi wa nonongonoko, leswi swiendle leswaku nongonoko wu duma swinene. endzhaku ko humelela ka nongonoko wa Phaphama's , Brian ususiwile ku ya haxa nongonoko wa ndzhenga laha a nga hlanganisiwa na Thembzana Reloaded na Nyiko Sithole tani hi muhumelerisi wa swa mintlangu  ku fikela April 2015. hi 2015 utlhelele ku ya haxa  Munghana Lonene fm's breakfast show Phaphama. hi 2018 DJ Brian ususiwile ku ya haxa nongonoko wa ninhlekanhi ku nga Dzumba na Mina.

=== Ku thlomiwa risiva ===
hi 23 wa malembe, Brian uvile na nkateko wo kuma sagwati ra muhaxi wa lembe hinkarhi a haxa kambirhi ntsena hi vhiki.  nyiketa va yingiseri nantswo wa vunanga  bya xi Afrika kotala yo huma eka matiko ya SADC. Hikwalaho ka nantswo wa yena wa vunanga uvile munhu sungula eka xitchi xa munghana lonene ku ya tlanga e Salala from [[Madagascar]], Koffi Olomide Fally Ipupa Papa Wemba, Kanda Bongo Man, kusuka [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] nati ntlambi to hambanahambana [[Muzambhiki]] to fana na Zico, Tabassily, Mr Bow.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1980||Brian Rikhotso}}

[[Category:Vahaxi va Munghana Lonene FM]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8038" sha1="9j8wnh56dniokoyn8hz6uqc63itdrtb" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|frameless|right|upright=2]]

'''Xinghezi''' iririmi leri sunguleke ku vulavuriwa e[[England|Nghilandhi]] naswona hirona ririmi leri vulavuriwaka ngopfu ematikweni ya misava.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |title=English as a Global Language |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=6 |date=2003a |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d6jPAKxTHRYC |accessdate=4 February 2015 |isbn=978-0-521-53032-3 |laysummary=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdf |laysource=Library of Congress (sample) |laydate=4 February 2015 |ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ririmi leri ri tshyiwe hi rixaka ra Va-Angles, rin'wana ra tinxaka takhale ta maJarimani, leri rhurheleke eBhrithaniya, endhzawini leyi thyiweke, Nghilandhi. Swiga ririmi swarona swihlohloteriwa ngopfu hi tindzimi tin'wana ta xiJarimani, ngopfu-ngopfu Xinirse, Xilatini na Xifurhwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolff&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Finkenstaedt |first=Thomas |author2=Dieter Wolff  |title=Ordered profusion; studies in dictionaries and the English lexicon |publisher=C. Winter |year=1973 |isbn=3-533-02253-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ririmi ra Xinghezi ri akiwe endzeni ka malembe ya kutlula 1,400. Xinghezi xosungula, axivulavuriwa eka malembe-xidzana ya vunthlanu. Xinghezi xale xikarhi xisungule eka lembe-xidzana ravu khume-n'we, loko mavuthu ya Vanomanimata hlula tiko ra Nghilandi, leswi swilandzeriweke hi nhlohlotelo wa xifurhwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |title=English as a Global Language |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=30 |date=2003a |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d6jPAKxTHRYC |accessdate=4 February 2015 |isbn=978-0-521-53032-3 |laysummary=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdf |laysource=Library of Congress (sample) |laydate=4 February 2015 |ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xinghenzi lexilandzeleke xisungule hi lembe-xidzana ra vukhume-nthlanu, loko kuta sunguriwa kutirhisiwa ka michini yo gandlisa tibuku e dorobheni ra Landhani, ku gandlisiwa ka Bhibhele ya Hosi Yakobo, na masungulo ya ku  ncinca lokukulu ka ririmi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=''How English evolved into a global language''|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753|date=20 December 2010|publisher=BBC|accessdate=9 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xinghezi xi hangalake na misava kusukela eka lembe-xidzana ra vukhume-nkombo kuya eka lembe-xidzana ramakume-mbirhi. Hikwalaho ka swihlovo swa manguva lawa swa mahungu na kuthlandluka ka Amerikha tanihi mfumo-nkulu wa misava, ririmi raXinghezi ri sungule kutirhisiwa tanihi ririmi-nkulu ra matiko yo tala ya misava naswona rithlela ritirhisiwa  eka tidyondzo ta Sayenzi na ta nawu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Routes of English |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/routesofenglish/storysofar/programme4_6.shtml |date=1 August 2015 |ref={{sfnref|ref=harvid|The Routes of English}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xinghezi iririmi ra vunharhu hivukulu emisaveni, kulandzela ririmi ra Xichayina na Xipanichi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size |title=Summary by language size |accessdate=10 February 2015 |author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |website=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |ref={{harvid|Ethnologue|2010}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hirona ririmi leri dyondzisiwaka ngopfu emisaveni naswona iririmi ximfumo ra matiko ya kwalomu ka makume-ntsevu. Kuna vanhu votala lava dyondzeke ririmi leri kutlula vanhu lavarimameke. Xinghezi iririmi leri vulavuriwaka ngopfu ematikweni ya Nghilandi, Amerikha, Khanada, Ostraliya, Ayilendi na Nyuzilendi, naswona rivulavuriwa ngopfu eswihlaleni swa Kharibhiya, tiko-nkulu ra Afrika na ra Axiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |title=English as a Global Language |edition=2nd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=108–109 |date=2003a |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d6jPAKxTHRYC |accessdate=4 February 2015 |isbn=978-0-521-53032-3 |laysummary=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdf |laysource=Library of Congress (sample) |laydate=4 February 2015 |ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt; iririmi-ximfumo leri tirhisiwaka hi Nhlangano ya Matiko, Vumbano bya Yuropa na minhlangano yin'wana ya matiko ya misava. Ririmi leri rina swiga-ririmi na marito yo tsandza-vahlayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |title=How many words are there in the English language? |work=Oxford Dictionaries Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2015 |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords |accessdate=2 April 2015 |archive-date=30 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130011051/http://oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Algeo |first=John |chapter=Chapter 2:Vocabulary |title=Cambridge History of the English Language |volume=IV: 1776–1997 |editor-last=Romaine |editor-first=Suzanne |pages=57–91 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-26477-8 |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521264778.003 |ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|3}}
[[Category:Tindzimi]]

== Ku hangalasiwa ka ntivo-misava ==

Ku sukela hi 2016, 400 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu a va ri na Xinghezi tanihi ririmi ra vona ro sungula, naswona 1.1 wa tibiliyoni ta vanhu a va xi vulavula tanihi ririmi ra vumbirhi kumbe ra matiko mambe .  Xinghezi i ririmi ra vunharhu hi ku ya hi nhlayo ya vavulavuri va rikwavo, endzhaku ka Ximandarin na [[Xipaniya]] . {{sfn|Ethnologue|2010}} Hambiswiritano, loko ku hlanganisiwa nhlayo ya vavulavuri va ririmi ra rikwavo ni lava nga riki vavulavuri va rikwavo, ku nga ha va, hi ku ya hi swiringanyeto, ku va ririmi leri dumeke swinene emisaveni. {{sfn|McCrum|MacNeil|Cran|2003|pp=9–10}} {{sfn|Crystal|2003a|p=69}}   Xinghezi xi vulavuriwa hi miganga hinkwako-nkwako ni le kwalomu ka xihlala xin’wana ni xin’wana lexi tsemakanyaka [[Lwandle|malwandle]] . {{sfn|Crystal|2003b|p=106}} 

=== Swirhendzevutana swinharhu swa matiko lama vulavulaka Xinghezi ===
Braj Kachru u hambanisa matiko lawa Xinghezi xi vulavuriwaka eka wona hi ku tirhisa modele wa swirhendzevutana swinharhu. {{sfn|Svartvik|Leech|2006|p=2}} Eka modele lowu, &quot;ring ya le ndzeni&quot; i matiko lama nga na miganga leyikulu ya rixaka ra Xinghezi, &quot;ring ya le handle&quot; i matiko lawa Xinghezi ku nga ririmi ra rikwavo ra vanhu va nga ri vangani ntsena kambe ri tirhisiwa ngopfu eka [[dyondzo]], vuhlanganisi na swikongomelo swin'wana, na &quot;ku andlala.&quot; circle&quot; i matiko lawa vanhu votala va dyondzaka Xinghezi. Swirhendzevutana leswi swinharhu swa cinca hi ku famba ka nkarhi. {{sfn|Kachru|2006|p=196}}

Matiko lama nga ni miganga leyikulu ya vaaki va kwalaho ma katsa [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom,]] United [[Amerikha|States]], [[Ostraliya|Australia]], [[Khanada|Canada]], [[Ireland|Riphabliki ra Ireland]], na New Zealand, laha vunyingi bya vaaki va vulavulaka Xinghezi, na Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga, laha nhlayo yitsongo leyikulu yi vulavulaka Xinghezi. Matiko lama nga na nhlayo yo tala ya vavulavuri va Xinghezi va rixaka i [[Amerikha|United States]] (kwalomu ka 231 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Ryan|2013|loc=Table 1}} [[United Kingdom]] (60 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Office for National Statistics|2013|loc=Key Points}} {{sfn|National Records of Scotland|2013}} {{sfn|Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|2012|loc=Table KS207NI: Main Language}} [[Khanada|Canada]] (19 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Statistics Canada|2014}} [[Ostraliya|Australia]] (kwalomu ka 17 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Australian Bureau of Statistics|2013}} [[Afrika-Dzonga|Riphabliki ra Afrika-Dzonga]] (4.8 wa timiliyoni), {{sfn|Statistics South Africa|2012|loc=Table 2.5 Population by first language spoken and province (number)}} [[Ireland|Riphabliki ra Ireland]] (4.2 wa timiliyoni), na New Zealand (3.7 wa timiliyoni). {{sfn|Statistics New Zealand|2014}} Ematikweni lawa, vana va vavulavuri va ririmi ra rikwavo va dyondza Xinghezi eka vatswari va vona, kasi lava vulavulaka tindzimi tin’wana kumbe vanhu lava humaka ematikweni mambe hakanyingi va dyondza Xinghezi leswaku va vulavurisana ni vanhu lava va hanyaka na vona. {{sfn|Bao|2006|p=377}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5066" sha1="0449huqymloixfe5i7ol5aubkdqo8iu" xml:space="preserve">'''Xibhunu''' &lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last=Roach|first=Peter|year=2011|title=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary|edition=18th|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-15253-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; i ririmi leri ngana timitsu eka ririmi ra xiJarimani xa N'walungu naswona rivulavuriwa etikweni ra Afrika Dzonga, namibhiya. Kasi rithlela rivulavuriwa-nyana ematikweni yaZimbabwe na botswana. Ririmileri ripfelele kusuka eka ririmi ra xiDhachi&lt;ref&gt;K. Pithouse, C. Mitchell, R. Moletsane, Making Connections: Self-Study &amp; Social Action, p.91&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Heese1971&gt;{{cite book |publisher=A. A. Balkema |publication-place=Cape Town |title=Die herkoms van die Afrikaner, 1657–1867 |ol=5361614M |author=J. A. Heese |publication-date=1971 |oclc=1821706 |language=Afrikaans |trans-title=The origin of the Afrikaner }}&lt;/ref&gt; xa le dzongeni ka tiko ra Holandi&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/kloe004herk01_01/kloe004herk01_01.pdf Herkomst en groei van het Afrikaans - G.G. Kloeke (1950)]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heeringade Wet2015&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Heeringa|first1=Wilbert|last2=de Wet|first2=Febe|last3=van Huyssteen|first3=Gerhard B.|title=The origin of Afrikaans pronunciation: a comparison to west Germanic languages and Dutch dialects|journal=Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus|volume=47|issue=0|year=2015|issn=2224-3380|doi=10.5842/47-0-649}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona arivulavuriwa hi vafiki vamaDhachi e Afrika Dzonga, laha risunguleke ku vumbeka ritiyimela hi malembe-xidzana ya vukhume-nhungu.&lt;ref name=&quot;coetzee&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=http://www.dbnl.org/arch/coet003stan01_01/pag/coet003stan01_01.pdf |title=Standaard Afrikaans |accessdate=2014-09-17 |work=Abel Coetzee |publisher=Afrikaner Pers |year=1948 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hikwalo, i ririmi-n'wana ra xiDhachi naswona a ritiveka tani hi xidhachi xale Kapa, kumbe &quot;xiDhachi xale xitikweni&quot;. Hambiswiritano, rithlela ri tiviwa tani hiririmi roncisenyeta. hambileswi Xibhunu xilombeke marito eka tindzimi tin'wana, kuhlanganisa xiJarimani na xiKhoyi, kwalomu ka 90 kuya ka 95% wa swigaririmi swa Xibhunu swi suka eka xiDhachi. Hikwalaho, Xibhunu na xiDhachi kele eka ma-akele ya maviti, swivulwa na mavulavulele. Tindzimi leti ta yela naswona tithlela ti tsariwa kufana.

Xibhunu iririmi ravunharhu eka nxaxamelo ya vukulu bya tindzimi leti vulavuriwaka e Afrika Dzonga, naswona rivulavuriwa hi kwalomu ka 7 wa timiliyoni, kumbe kwalomu ka 13.5% wa va-akatiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;cib11&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 2011: Census in brief |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |publisher=Statistics South Africa |location=Pretoria |year=2012 |isbn=9780621413885 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513171240/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2015 |dead-url=no |page=30 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ririmi leri rihangalake eka tinxaka na tindzawu ta tiko kutlula tindzimi tin'wana ta tiko. I ririmi-ximfumo ra xiyenge xa vupela-dyambu bya Afrika Dzonga—Swifundhza swa Kapa wan'walungu na Kapa ra vupela-dyambu—Naswona iririmi rosungula ra kwalomu ka 75% wa makhaladi (4.8 wa timiliyoni), 60.8% ya valungu (2.7 wa timiliyoni); 4.6% wa machayina ya le Afrika Dzonga (58,000 wa vanhu), na 1.5% ya vanhu vantima vale Afrika Dzonga (600,000  wa vanhu).&lt;ref name=&quot;superweb&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Community profiles &gt; Census 2011 |url=http://interactive.statssa.gov.za/superweb |publisher=Statistics South Africa Superweb |accessdate=21 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930103145/http://interactive.statssa.gov.za/superweb/ |archivedate=30 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku engeta kwalaho, vanhu vantima votala lava vulavulaka tindzimi ta ndzhavuko wa Afrika, kuhlanganiza na xinghezi, va thela vavulavula Xibhunu tani hi ririmi ra vumbirhi. Radyondzisiwa eswikolweni, eka kwalomu ka 10.3 wa timiliyoni wa machudeni va leteriwa hi rona. xivangelo-nkulu xa kundlandlamuka ka tirimi leri kuve matirhisele ya rona eka swiyenge swa mfumo: ritirhisiwa eka maphepha-hungu, swiyanimoya, thelevixini, na vuhundzuluxeri byohlaya bya bhibhele, lebyi gandlisiweke kohlaya kusukela hi lembe ra 1933.

Xibhunu iririmi-ximfumo e tikweni ra Namibhiya naswona rivulavuriwa hi nhlaya ya vanhu yale henhla, kasi rithlela rivulavuriwa tani hiririmi ro sungula eka kwalomu ka 10.4% wa mindyangu, ngopfungopfu e nstindza wa tiko wa Windhoek, Walvis Bay, Swakopmund na tindhzawu ta le dzongeni ta Hardap na ǁKaras. Xibhunu na xiJarimani akuri tindzimi-ximfumo ta tiko ra Namibhiya kufikela loko rita kuma ntshuxeko hi lembe ra 1990, kwalomu ka 25% wa xitshungu xa Windhoek  xivulavula Xibhunu ekaya. Havumbirhi bya tindzimi leti ti amukeriwa tani hi tindzimi ta swifundhza e tikweni ra Namibhiya, hambileswi Xinghezi kunga rona ririmi ra ximfumo.

Ntsengo wa vanhu lavavulavulaka Xibhunu i kwalomu ka 15 na 23 wa timiliyoni.

== Mintshaho ==
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Matsalwa lama thlomiweke tinsiva ma voniwa tanihi matsalwa yaxivonelo naswona matsariwe kahle swonghasi eka Wikipediya leyi ya Xitsonga. Matirhisiwa tani hiswivonelo leswinene swo tsala matluka man'wana. Matsalwa ma hlahluviwa eka tluka ra [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates|Matsalwa lawa ma langhiweke ku thlomiwa risiva]], mathlela maxopaxopiwa leswaku ma helerile, matsariwe hi rito rokala thlelo, naswona matwakala, kusungula mangasi hoxiwa eka nxaxamelo lowu. Kuna '''{{formatnum: &lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#expr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Matsalwa la ma thlomiweke risiva}}-1}}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;}}''' wa matsalwa lawa mathlomiweke tinsiva eka [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] wa matsalwa ya Wikipediya leyi ya Xitsonga. 
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Matsalwa lama thlomiweke tinsiva

* [[Felix Alois Thuketana]] &amp;nbsp;-  [[Qedani Mahlangu]] &amp;nbsp;-  [[Daniel Cornel Marivate]] &amp;nbsp;- [[Nkanyi]] 
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      <text bytes="872" sha1="bb4cm7m0ktc3ziezvesreait4p5vek9" xml:space="preserve">{|
| style=&quot;background:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding:1em; vertical-align:top; width:80%;&quot;|

[[File:Cscr-candidate.svg|left|50px|Nyeleti leyi thsovekeke, yikombisa tsalwa leri langhiweke ku thlomiwa risiva.]]
Eka tluka leri hi langha matsalwa lawa mafanelaka ku thlomisa risiva. '''Vatirhisi hinkwavo va amukeleka ku langha matswalwa lawa manga thlomiwaka risiva'''.
|}
== Matluka lama langhiwaka ==
=== &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Xikombiso]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; ===
:&lt;small&gt;''Rilanghiwa hi: &lt;nowiki&gt;Mutirhisi&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
: Xivangelo xa ku langha tsalwa leri

----
{{Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Nelson Mandela}}

----
{{Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Qedani Mahlangu}}

----
{{Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Daniel Cornel Marivate}}

----
{{Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Billboard Hot 100}}

----
[[Category:Tsalwa leri langhiweke ku thlomiwa risiva]]</text>
      <sha1>bb4cm7m0ktc3ziezvesreait4p5vek9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Tsalwa leri langhiweke ku thlomiwa risiva</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5833</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32659</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:13:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32659</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Featured article candidates</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5835</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32670</id>
      <parentid>32663</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:36:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>32670</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1110" sha1="anq18mhh8pj81a665vu3lsue005x3nb" xml:space="preserve">{{tmbox
|image=[[Image:Cscr-candidate.svg|none|{{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|20px|40px}}| ]]
|text=Tsalwa leri [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates|rilanghiwe ku thlomiwa risiva]].  Tsalwa leri langhiwaka ri fanela ku va xivonelo lexi nene xa matsalele.&lt;br&gt; Titwe u tshunxekile ku {{#ifexist:Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinksneverexpand&quot;&gt;'''''[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|redirect=no}} veka mavonele]'''''.&lt;/span&gt;|'''''[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit&amp;preload=Wikipedia:Featured+article+preload&amp;editintro=Template:Featured_article_candidates/editintro}} {{color|red|sungula ku langha tluka}}]'''''.&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Thlela u{{edit|Wikipedia:Featured article candidates|tsala laha}} eka &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{1|{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; nxaxamelo lowu.&lt;/small&gt;}}

}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Talk|[[Category:Tsalwa leri langhiweke ku thlomiwa risiva|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>anq18mhh8pj81a665vu3lsue005x3nb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Nelson Mandela</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5836</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32669</id>
      <parentid>32668</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:34:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>32669</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="255" sha1="c0zkb8jepvynzs8tt806q1852so0hsu" xml:space="preserve">===[[Nelson Mandela]]===
:&lt;small&gt;''Rilanghiwa hi: [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]&lt;/small&gt;
: Tsalwa leri rile kundlandlamukeni naswona rafaneleka leswaku ringa thlomiwa risiva. - [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 20:27, 29 Nhlangula 2018 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>c0zkb8jepvynzs8tt806q1852so0hsu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:2013 Mafu</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5837</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32677</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:50:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32677</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1918</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5838</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32679</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:52:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32679</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 2013</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5839</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32680</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:53:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32680</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1936</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5840</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32682</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:55:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32682</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 2018</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5841</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32683</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:55:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32683</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Vanhu lava hanyaka</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5842</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32684</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:55:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32684</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1933</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5843</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32686</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T20:58:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32686</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1912</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5845</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32708</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T14:50:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32708</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1986</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>5846</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32709</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T14:50:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32709</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Kulaveka vumbhoni</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5847</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32711</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T15:37:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Fix |name={{{name|kulaveka vumbhoni}}} |link=Wikipedia:kulaveka vumbhoni |text=kulaveka vumbhoni |class=Template-Fact...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32711</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="507" sha1="id1xqf9rok5xcfxfwt67773d69gnl6e" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B=
{{Fix
|name={{{name|kulaveka vumbhoni}}}
|link=Wikipedia:kulaveka vumbhoni
|text=kulaveka vumbhoni
|class=Template-Fact
|title={{{reason|Mhaka leyi yi lava ku seketeriwa hivumbhoni.}}}
|date={{{date|}}}
|cat=[[Category:Matluka lama pfumalaka vumbhoni]]
|cat-date=Category:Matluka lama pfumalaka vumbhoni
}}{{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Category:Pages containing citation needed template with deprecated parameters]]}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>id1xqf9rok5xcfxfwt67773d69gnl6e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Unsubst</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>5848</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32712</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T15:38:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType  local p = {}  local BODY_PARAM = '$B'  local specialParams = { 	['$params'] = 'parameter list', 	['$aliases'] = 'parameter...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32712</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3688" sha1="dnfbu3ol9y1rn4f58ap519pwafevpgq" xml:space="preserve">local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType

local p = {}

local BODY_PARAM = '$B'

local specialParams = {
	['$params'] = 'parameter list',
	['$aliases'] = 'parameter aliases',
	['$flags'] = 'flags',
	['$B'] = 'template content'
}

function p.main(frame, body)
	-- If we are substing, this function returns a template invocation, and if
	-- not, it returns the template body. The template body can be specified in
	-- the body parameter, or in the template parameter defined in the
	-- BODY_PARAM variable. This function can be called from Lua or from
	-- #invoke.

	-- Return the template body if we aren't substing.
	if not mw.isSubsting() then
		if body ~= nil then
			return body
		elseif frame.args[BODY_PARAM] ~= nil then
			return frame.args[BODY_PARAM]
		else
			error(string.format(
				&quot;no template content specified (use parameter '%s' from #invoke)&quot;,
				BODY_PARAM
			), 2)
		end
	end

	-- Sanity check for the frame object.
	if type(frame) ~= 'table'
		or type(frame.getParent) ~= 'function'
		or not frame:getParent()
	then
		error(
			&quot;argument #1 to 'main' must be a frame object with a parent &quot; ..
			&quot;frame available&quot;,
			2
		)
	end

	-- Find the invocation name.
	local mTemplateInvocation = require('Module:Template invocation')
	local name = mTemplateInvocation.name(frame:getParent():getTitle())

	-- Combine passed args with passed defaults
	local args = {}
	if string.find( ','..(frame.args['$flags'] or '')..',', ',%s*override%s*,' ) then
		for k, v in pairs( frame:getParent().args ) do
			args[k] = v
		end
		for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
			if not specialParams[k] then
				if v == '__DATE__' then
					v = mw.getContentLanguage():formatDate( 'F Y' )
				end
				args[k] = v
			end
		end
	else
		for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
			if not specialParams[k] then
				if v == '__DATE__' then
					v = mw.getContentLanguage():formatDate( 'F Y' )
				end
				args[k] = v
			end
		end
		for k, v in pairs( frame:getParent().args ) do
			args[k] = v
		end
	end

	-- Trim parameters, if not specified otherwise
	if not string.find( ','..(frame.args['$flags'] or '')..',', ',%s*keep%-whitespace%s*,' ) then
		for k, v in pairs( args ) do args[k] = mw.ustring.match(v, '^%s*(.*)%s*$') or '' end
	end

	-- Pull information from parameter aliases
	local aliases = {}
	if frame.args['$aliases'] then
		local list = mw.text.split( frame.args['$aliases'], '%s*,%s*' )
		for k, v in ipairs( list ) do
			local tmp = mw.text.split( v, '%s*&gt;%s*' )
			aliases[tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tmp[1], '^[1-9][0-9]*$')) or tmp[1]] = ((tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tmp[2], '^[1-9][0-9]*$'))) or tmp[2])
		end
	end
	for k, v in pairs( aliases ) do
		if args[k] and ( not args[v] or args[v] == '' ) then
			args[v] = args[k]
		end
		args[k] = nil
	end

	-- Remove empty parameters, if specified
	if string.find( ','..(frame.args['$flags'] or '')..',', ',%s*remove%-empty%s*,' ) then
		local tmp = 0
		for k, v in ipairs( args ) do
			if v ~= '' or ( args[k+1] and args[k+1] ~= '' ) or ( args[k+2] and args[k+2] ~= '' ) then
				tmp = k
			else
				break
			end
		end
		for k, v in pairs( args ) do
			if v == '' then
				if not (type(k) == 'number' and k &lt; tmp) then args[k] = nil end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Order parameters
	if frame.args['$params'] then
		local params, tmp = mw.text.split( frame.args['$params'], '%s*,%s*' ), {}
		for k, v in ipairs(params) do
			v = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(v, '^[1-9][0-9]*$')) or v
			if args[v] then tmp[v], args[v] = args[v], nil end
		end
		for k, v in pairs(args) do tmp[k], args[k] = args[k], nil end
		args = tmp
	end

	return mTemplateInvocation.invocation(name, args)
end

p[''] = p.main -- For backwards compatibility

return p</text>
      <sha1>dnfbu3ol9y1rn4f58ap519pwafevpgq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Fix</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32713</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T15:39:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:{{{subst|¬}}}  |¬={{category handler   |template=[[Category:Templates needing substitution checking]]   |nocat={{{nocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;true&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}  }}  |SUBST=...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>32713</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1113" sha1="owg7pdp6e9nqycfh3g7fuee1rm3t159" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{subst|¬}}}
 |¬={{category handler
  |template=[[Category:Templates needing substitution checking]]
  |nocat={{{nocat|&lt;noinclude&gt;true&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
 }}
 |SUBST=[[Category:Pages with incorrectly substituted templates]]
}}{{Category handler
 |main={{Fix/category
  |cat-date={{{cat-date|}}} 
  |cat={{{cat|}}} 
  |cat-date2={{{cat-date2|}}} 
  |cat2={{{cat2|}}} 
  |cat-date3={{{cat-date3|}}} 
  |cat3={{{cat3|}}} 
  |date={{{date|}}}
 }}
 |template={{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}||{{#if:{{{date|}}}||[[Category:Templates including undated clean-up tags]]}}}}}} 
 |subpage=no
}}{{#if:{{{text|}}}
 |&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template {{{class|}}}&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#91;&lt;i&gt;{{#if:{{{pre-text|}}}
  |{{{pre-text}}}&amp;#32;
 }}[[{{{link|Wikipedia:Cleanup}}}|&lt;span title=&quot;{{delink|1={{{title|{{{link|Wikipedia:Cleanup}}}}}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}|&amp;#32;({{{date}}})}}}}&quot;&gt;{{{text|}}}&lt;/span&gt;]]{{#if:{{{post-text|}}}
  |&amp;#32;{{{post-text}}}
 }}&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#93;&lt;/sup&gt;|{{{special|}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>owg7pdp6e9nqycfh3g7fuee1rm3t159</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Kulaveka vumbhoni</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5850</id>
    <revision>
      <id>32725</id>
      <parentid>32722</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T16:05:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>32725</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1342" sha1="h0tgukoyvrxhhq6ufccpvsu6r4lb8ae" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;clear:both; background:none; color:black;&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;width:60%; vertical-align:top; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; border:1px solid #A3B1BF; background-color:#E6F2FF&quot; |
[[File:Webcomic xkcd - Wikipedian protester.png|thumb|300px|alt=Innovative application for the template in xkcd 285 (Wikipedian Protester)|Xivumbiwa-ntirho {{Tl|kulaveka vumbhoni}} xipfuneta ku tiyisisa mahungu lawa ma tsariweke eka Wikipediya leyi.]]
Leswaku hi tiyisisa vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo lebyi tsariwaka laha eka Wikipediya leyi, un'wana na un'wana ukomberiwa ku kanakana matsalwa laha eka Wikipediya leyi hi ku hoxa xihlawulekisi  &lt;code&gt;{{tl|kulaveka vumbhoni}}&lt;/code&gt;, kumbe hikuengetela {{tnull|kulaveka vumbhoni|xivangelo{{=}}''Hlamusela''|siku{{=}}{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}. This displays as: 

{{quotation|'''Xikombiso:''' 87% wa swivulavulwa swilo vhumbhiwa.&lt;!--{{kulaveka vumbhoni}} begin--&gt;{{fix |link=Wikipedia:kulaveka vumbhoni |text=kulaveka vumbhoni |class=Template-Fact }}&lt;!--{{kulaveka vumbhoni}} end--&gt; }}

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    <title>Daniel Cornel Marivate</title>
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{{Bio|caption=Marivate hi lembe ra 1920}}
'''Daniel Cornel Marivate''' (Kumbe '''D.C Marivate''') (''18 [[Nyenyenyani]] 1897''&lt;ref name:&quot;Marivate1&gt;[http://digilibrary.unisa.ac.za/digital/collection/MPMD/id/4/rec/43 Sunday at home programme during autumn 1931: Application for Passport]&quot; - Page 7 - ''Marivate Papers Repository (UNISA)''. Retrieved 02 November 2018&lt;/ref&gt; – ''†  30 [[Nhlangula]] 1989'' ),&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://christinelucia.co.za/sites/christinelucia.co.za/files/composing_towardsagainst_whiteness-_the_african_music_of_mohapeloa.pdf Unsettling Whiteness] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419020029/http://christinelucia.co.za/sites/christinelucia.co.za/files/composing_towardsagainst_whiteness-_the_african_music_of_mohapeloa.pdf |date=2016-04-19 }}&quot; (2014) ''Lucy Michael and Samantha Schulz''  - ''Inter-Disciplinary Press''. Retrieved 31 October 2018&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Huskisson 1&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last= Huskisson|first=Y |title=Black Composers of Southern Africa|year=1992|publisher=uman Sciences Research Council|isbn=0796912521|page=17 &amp; 66}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubisi&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |type= |last=Ubisi|first=L.L |date=2013 |title=[http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1446 Nkucetelo wa vukriste eku vumbeni ka swimunhuhatwa swa vavasati eka matsakwa ya Sasavona hi D.C. MARIVATE na Rixile hi S.B. NXUMALO)]|publisher=University of Limpopo}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kuri mufundhisi, mufambisi wa khwayere, muqambhi wa vunanga, xirho xa mfumo wa Gazankulu naswona a thlela a tiveka ngopfu tani hi mutsari wa novhele yo sungula ya ririmi ra Xitsonga (leyi gandlisiweke hi Swiss Mission press e[[Joni]]), [[Sasavona]], hi lembe ra 1938. Marivate loyi a dyondzeke eValdezia, athlela aya hetisela tidyondzo tale henhla eLemana Institute, ukorhokele ririmi ra Xitsonga swonghasi, kuhlanganisa na kuqambha vunanga na swiphato, a thlela a tsala no hundzuluxela [[Vutsari_bya_Xitsonga|matsalwa ya Xitsonga]], ku fikela loko ata hundza emisaveni hi lembe ra 1989.

Xikolo xa DC ''Marivate Junior Secondary School'' eSoshanguve, Afrika Dzonga, kuhlanganisa na patu leri kumekaka e Saulville, ePitori, swi thyiwe hi vito ra yena

== Tavutomi byakwe ==

=== Malembe yosungula na tidyondzo: 1904–1931 ===
Marivate i n’wana wo sungula wa Cornel Maxangete Maringa na Makhanani Annah Ximambana naswona u velekiwe eximutanini xa Valdezia hi lembe ra 1897.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubisi&quot; /&gt; Marivate ukulele athlela anghena xikolo eValdezia primary school (lexi akiweke hi lembe ra 1888) ekusuhi na Louis Trichardt eNorthern Transvaal (laha namunthla kunga xifundzha xa Limpopo) hi lembe ra 1904. Ximutanini xa [[Valdezia]] xisimekiwe hi lembe ra 1875 hi Varhumiwa va Vukhongeri bya vu [[Kereke_ya_Evangheli_ya_vu_Presbethari_e_Afrika_Dzonga|Phresbethari]], naswona vutomi bya ximutana lexi abyi kongomisiwa no hlohloteriwa hi ripfumelo ra vukreste. Marivate uhetile tidyondzo takwe ta xikolo xale hansi hi lembe ra 1908. Kusukela kona, u thlele aya dyondza vuvatli, kuhlayisa swirhapa, Xinghezi na Tidyondzo ta tinhlayo, ari karhi a leteriwa hi Mufundhisi Paul Rosset, kona kwale xitichini xa kereke eValdezia exikarhi ka malembe ya 1909 kuya eka 1912.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huskisson 2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last= Huskisson|first=Y |title=The Bantu composers of Southern Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/bantucomposersof00husk/page/100|year=1969|publisher=South African Broadcasting Corp.|isbn=0869651218|page=101-103}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kusukela hi khotavuxika bya lembe ra 1912 kuya eka xixika xa 1915, Marivate unghenele athlela a hetisa tidyondzo tavuthicara eLemana Training Institute. Kusuka kona uyile a ya dyondzisa exikolweni xa Manabele, endzhaku ka tinwhetinyana athoriwa kuya sungula xikolo lexintshwa e Mambedi, ekusuhi na ximutana xa Valdezia. Xikolo lexi xikote kukula swonghasi endzeni ka malembe ya mune, laha xiheleleke xikuma mathicara mambirhi ku engetela eka Marivate. Vana vaxikolo na mathicara, vapfunetanile ku bhaka switina leswaku va aka tiyindlu to dyondzisela eka tona. 

Varhumiwa na vakongomisi va xikolo na Kereke eximutanini lexi, ava tiyisisa leswaku vaaka tiko vale Valdezia vahanya hikuya hi vutomi bya vukreste, naswona ava aleriwa kutihlanganisa na vaaka tiko vavahedeni (Kumbe lava avangari vakhongeri). Hilembe ra 1915, Marivate loyi a ari thicara wa xikolo xa Valdeziya, xikan'we na thicara un'wana wa muntima, vatikume va tsemiwile eka kereke ya ximutana, kuringana tin'wheti tinharhu, hikwalaho kaleswi vayeke [[Xivala|exivaleni]] xamuganga kuya hlalelaa ncino wamakhwaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chabalala&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |type= |last=Chabalala Masumbe |first=BM. |date=2002 |title=[http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/695 The Swiss Missionaries' management of Social transformation in SOuth Africa (1873-1976)]|publisher=UNISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hilembe ra 1924, Marivate uyisile tidyondzo takwe tavuthicara emahlweni loko ata nghenela xikolo xa Lovedale, laha a kumeke xitifiketi-tsongo xa vuthicara hi lembe ra 1925. Kusuka kona uvekiwe tani hi nhloko ya xikolo xa Valdezia hi lembe ra 1926, naswona u tirhile kona kufikela eka lembe ra1929. Marivate uthlele a thlelela exikolweni xa Lovedale, laha a hetiseke tidyondzo takwe tavuthicara, hinkarhi wolowo uthlele a hetisa tidyondzo takwe ta vuqambhi bya vunanga na xikolo xa ''London Music College'', athlela arhwexiwa Diploma yo tsala vunanga (tonic-solfa) exikarhi ka malembe ya 1930 na 1931.

=== Vutsari na maphepha-hungu: 1931–1937 ===
{{Quote box|width=35em|align=left|quote=&quot;Muyuropa anga hluriwi hi mathlarhi kumbe hiswibhakela kambe hi kutirhisa tidyondzo... Loko ndziri etikweni-nkulu ra Yuropa, ndzivone vayuropa votala lava avari exiyimweni xale hansi eka mina hinhluvuko... Loko hina vantima hilava kufikelela mahanyele yalehenhla yavona, hifanela ku byarha vutihlamuleri byo tihluvukisa, hiti hlengeletela tidyondzo na mahanyele yohluvuka, hibasisa no sasekisa miti yahina leswaku switava nonohwela ku hi tekela ehansi&quot;.|source=— '''Marivate''', 1934 }}
Marivate uve muhleri wa phephahungu ra muganga, ra The Valdezia Bulletin/Light (leri ri thyiweke &quot;''The light'': Ku Vonakala ka Vatsonga&quot;),&lt;ref name=&quot;Maluleke&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |type= |last=Maluleke |first=MJ. |date=2017 |title=[http://scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11660/6600/MalulekeMJ.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y The role of Bible translation in enhancing Xitsonga cultural identity]|publisher=University of the Free State}}&lt;/ref&gt; xikan'we  na E.A. Tlakula na A.E. Mpapele. Marivate utirhise phepha-hungu leri kuyisa emahlweni xikongomela xo hluvukisa rixaka ra rikwavo, naswona a thlela a haxa mhungu ya muganga na tiko hiku angarha. Migandliso yo sungula ya phephahungu leri a yitsariwe hi voko, ivi kuya hinkarhi vasungula ku tirhisa michini yo tsala, kufikela laha rigandlisiweke. Marivate uthlele ava mutsari eka phephahungu ra xikolo xa Lemana, eka malembe yo sungula leswaku a titoloveta kutsala no hlela phephahungu.

Phephahungu lere ri gandlisiwe no haxiva kwalomu ka malembe ya nkombo kusukela hi lembe ra 1931 kuya eka 1937, naswona ari tsariwa hi ririmi ra Xinghezi na Xitsonga. Marivate utirhile tani hi muhleri na muhumelerisi wa phepha-hungu leri kusukela loko risimekiwa, kufikela loko rita yimisiwa&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Vukorhokeri eka African Boy Scouts: 1934–1956 ===
Marivate u vitaniwe ku nghenela nhlangano wa African Boys Scouts, naswona a ya leteriwa eka vutshila bya ti ''Scoutse Gilwell Park'', kusuhi na Chingford e dorobheni ra Landhani, hi lembe ra 1934. Loko ari kwalomo, kusungule nyimpi ya vumbirhi ya misava hi lembe ra 1939, leswi vangeleke leswaku machudeni ya ti Scouts, marhurheriwa kusuka e dorobheni ra Landhani kuya e Bridgewater, laha va takeke mayendzo ya siku na siku hi bhazi, kuya hetisisa tidyondzo ta vona e xidorobhaneni xa Taunton. Marivate u tirhisie nkarhi lowu ku endzela tindzawu ta matimu totala e tikweni ra Nghilandi, ku hlanganisa na tiko ra Furhwa na Switselandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huskisson 1&quot; /&gt; 

Hilembe rero ra 1939, utekile rendzo ro vuyela ekaya, ehenhla ka ntsikelelo wa nyimpi. Xikepe xa vona xi vhikavhike swikepe swo famba e hansi kalwandle ra Atlanthiki, kuringana mavhiki manharhu ku kondzo loko xita fika e Kapa, eku heteleni ka n'wheti ya hukuri. Hi lembe leri landzeleke ra 1940, uthoriwile hi va ''Scout South Africa'', leswaku a letela no olorisa majaha ya ''Boy Scouts of South Africa'', ya vantima, no tsarisa majaha mantshwa. Marivate u tirhe ntirho lowu hi ku tshembeka na ku tikarhata, kufikela loko a ta tshika ntirho hi Khotavuxika bya lembe ra 1959, loko ata nghenela tidyondzo ta vufundhisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huskisson 1&quot; /&gt;

=== Vufundhisi na Bhibhele ya Xitsonga: 1956–1989 ===
Marivate uvekiwe kuva mupfuni wa Mufundhisi Malale, xikan'we na Joshua Marule na Frank Hlaise.{{kulaveka vumbhoni}} Marivate a a tsakela ku nghenela tidyondzo ta vudokodela, naswona u tsarisile kudyondza ari ekaya, kambe uve a sindziseka ku tshika tidyondzo takwe, loko mativula yakwe Charley a ta sungula tidyondzo takwe ta vudokodela e yunivhesithi ya Natala. Endzhaku ka xinkadyana, kereke ya Swiss Mission yi n'wirhambe ku nghenela tidyondzo ta vufundhisi ta mahala. Uleteriwile eka swa vufundhisi ku ringana malembe ya nthlanu loko ata rhwexiwa vufundhisi hi lembe ra 1956. Endzhaku ka swona, usungule ku rhangela [[Kereke_ya_Evangheli_ya_vu_Presbethari_e_Afrika_Dzonga|kereke ya ''Swiss Mission'']] e Atteridgeville (e Pitori), laha a rhangeleke kereke ku hlanganisa na mavandla ya 29 ya kereke.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huskisson 1&quot; /&gt;

Marivate u rhambiwe hi nhlangano ya Bhibhele ya laha Afrika Dzonga (''Bible Society'' – ''South Africa'') kuva xiyenge xa komiti yo hundzuluxa Bhibhele ya Xitsonga. Komiti leyi a yi rhangeriwa hi Mufundhisi Théophile Robert Schneider loyi a tirheke exikarhi ka vatsonga kwalomu ka 40 wa malembe. Van'wana lava va rhambiweke a kuri Mufundhisi Elias F.C. Mashava wa Kereke ya Swiss Mission, Mukhacani Jackson Makhuvele; Manana Ann K Manyike na Phurofesa Charlotte P.N. Nkondo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maluleke&quot; /&gt; Komiti yi hetile ku hundzuluxela hi lembe ra 1976, ivi Bhibhele yi kandziyisiwe ximfumo hi lembe ra 1989 e hansi ka nhlokomhaka &quot;BIBELE Mahungu Lamanene&quot;.{{kulaveka vumbhoni}}

=== Vukati na Vana ===
Marivate a a tekane na [[Bertha Marivate]] naswona a va katekisiwe hi majaha ya ntsevu na ntombhi yin'we&lt;ref name=&quot;Chabalala&quot; /&gt; kunga: 
# [[Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate]] (''Mativula'') – ''Phurofesa'' wa tidyondzo ta ririmi e yunivhesithi ya Afrika Dzonga (1927),
# [[Russel Marivate]] – ''Dokodela'' (1930),
# [[Cecil Roy Marivate]] – ''Thicara'' (1933),
# [[Martin Marivate]] – ''Dokodela'' (1934),
# [[Maseve Richard Marivate]] – ''Thicara'' wa tidyondzo ta Tinhlayo, loyi a thlomiweke tinsiva to hlaya (1936),
# [[Desiree N'wamhamba Marivate]] – ''Nese'',
# [[Charles Marivate]] – ''Dokodela'' (1942),

== Vuqambhi bya vunanga ==
Marivate a a thlela ava muqambhi wa vunanga bya Xitsonga, a thlela a tsala vunanga bya makhwaya, hiririm ra Xitsonga. Leswi aswiri xihlamariso lexi kulu hi nkarhi wolowo, naswona hi lembe ra 1931, khampani ya Singer Gramophone ya vunanga ya Eric Gallo yi rhumele Marivate na ntlawa wakwe e dorobheni ra Landhani, leswaku vaya rhekhoda vunanga bya Xitsonga na XiVhenda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chabalala&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Huskisson 2&quot; /&gt;

Nxaxamelo wa vunanga lebyi abyi qambheke:

:*'''Xinkanka (N'wheti ya september nineteenthirtynine)'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.musicanet.org/old_content/images/17/92940.gif Xinkanka] -  Musical notes (1939)- ''Marivate D.C''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/10619/MCL7_2.pdf Xinkanka (A cheetah)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919201406/https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/10619/MCL7_2.pdf |date=2021-09-19 }}&quot; - Translation (1939) -''DC Marivate''. Retrieved 02 November 2018&lt;/ref&gt; – 1939: ''Department of Education, South Africa''.
:* '''Tinsimbi ta Valungu'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://samap.ukzn.ac.za/tinsimbi-ta-valungu-east-african Tinsimbi ta Valungu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922181644/http://samap.ukzn.ac.za/tinsimbi-ta-valungu-east-african |date=2021-09-22 }}&quot; (1951) ''song recording''  - Composer: DC Mativate - ''South African Music Archive Project''. Retrieved 02 November 2018&lt;/ref&gt; – 1951: ''International Library of African Music''. Muqambhi athlela a yimbelela.
:* '''Serululu'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://samap.ukzn.ac.za/serulurulu-east-african Serululu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808143034/http://samap.ukzn.ac.za/serulurulu-east-african |date=2020-08-08 }}&quot; (1951) ''song recording''  - Composer: DC Mativate - ''South African Music Archive Project''. Retrieved 02 November 2018&lt;/ref&gt; – 1951: ''International Library of African Music''. Muqambhi athlela a yimbelela.
:* '''Ben, Ben, Ben'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://samap.ukzn.ac.za/ben-benben-east-african Ben, Ben, Ben] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805090129/https://samap.ukzn.ac.za/ben-benben-east-african |date=2020-08-05 }}&quot; (1954) ''song recording''  - Composer: DC Mativate - ''South African Music Archive Project''. Retrieved 02 November 2018&lt;/ref&gt; – 1954: ''International Library of African Music''. Muqambhi athlela a yimbelela.
:* '''Mbuti ya Shidzwele'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://digilibrary.unisa.ac.za/digital/collection/MPMD/id/1/ Tsonga Presbyterian Church Attridgeville : record of activities 1968-1969]&quot; (1968) ''Songs composition notes''  - Composer: DC Mativate - ''Marivate Papers Repository (UNISA)''. Retrieved 02 November 2018&lt;/ref&gt; – 1968–1969: ''Tsonga Presbyterian Church Attridgeville''.
:* '''Xidzedze'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; – 1968–1969: ''Tsonga Presbyterian Church Attridgeville''.
:* '''Kaya'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; – 1968–1969: ''Tsonga Presbyterian Church Attridgeville''.
:* '''Phelindhaba'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; – 1968–1969: ''Tsonga Presbyterian Church Attridgeville''.
:* '''Homu yo basa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; – 1968–1969: ''Tsonga Presbyterian Church Attridgeville''.
:* '''Yingisani'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; – 1968–1969: ''Tsonga Presbyterian Church Attridgeville''.
:* '''Vamakweru!'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; – 1968–1969: ''Tsonga Presbyterian Church Attridgeville''.
:* '''Xinyenyani'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; – 1968–1969: ''Tsonga Presbyterian Church Attridgeville''.

== Vutsari na vuhundzuluxi ==
{{Quote box|width=35em|align=right|quote=&quot;Xitsonga xa ka hina xi nadziha ngopfu, naswona xi na marito lawa yo tala ngopfu ni mavulavulele ya xilo xin'we hi tindlela leto tala ngopfu. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; N'wina hinkwenu lava nga ta tsala tibuku endzhaku ka mina ringetani ku kuma mavulavulele ya Xitsonga ku nga ri ku tsala hi miehleketo ya xilungu, swi bihisa ririmi ra hina na ku pingula eka lava va switwaka.&quot;|source=— '''Marivate''', ''Valdezia, 5th Nyenyenyani'' 1938 }}
Marivate tsarile no hundzuluxa tibuku to hlaya ta xitsonga, kuhlanganisa na leti landzelaka.

:* '''Sasavona'''. 1938. Johannesburg: ''Swiss Mission in South Africa''.
:* '''David Livingstone'''. 1941. Johannesburg: ''Swiss Mission in South Africa''. 
:* '''Xiloyiloyi'''. 1984. Johannesburg: ''Sasavona''. 
:* '''Xitsonga Hymnary, Tinsimu ta Vakriste'''. 1989. 8th edition, revised. ''Braamfontein Sasavona Publishers''.
:* '''Xitsonga Bible translation'''. 1989. Cape Town: ''The Bible Society of South Africa'' (Xirho xa ntlawa wa vahundzuluxi)

== Vurhangeri na ku tinyiketela ==
Marivate akuri munhu wotinyiketela naswona ari murhangeri eka swiyenge swotala evutomini byakwe. Utinyiketele naswona akorhokela swivangelo leswi landzelaka:

* Mutshama-xitulu wa rhavi ra n'walungu ra nhlangano wa mathicara rale Zoutpansberg, kutlula malembe ya khume.
* Mukamberi wa nhlangano ya mathicara ya vantima yale Transvaal, kwalomu ka malembe mambirhi, athlela ava xandla xa murhangeri wa nhlangano leyi, kwalomu ka lembe.
* Mutshama-xitulu wa komiti ya swikolo swa Atteridgeville, athlela ava xandla xa mutshama-xitulu xa bhodo ya ya swikolo swa Atteridhgeville.
* Xandla xa mulanguteri wa vuleteri bya Scout Masters, naswona ava muleteri wa ''Atteridgeville Scout Troop''.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1897|1989|Daniel Cornel Marivate}}

[[Category: Vatsari]]
[[Category: Vatsari va Xitsonga]]
[[Category: Mathicara]]
[[Category: Tinqambhi]]</text>
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{{Bio|caption=Mahlangu hi lembe ra 2011}}
'''Qedani Dorothy Mahlangu''' (u velekiwe hi ti 12 Mudyaxihi 1968, eBethal, eMpumalanga&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-govsummit.gauteng.gov.za/download-the-presentations/item/qedani-mahlangu|title=Qedani Mahlangu - e-Government &amp; ICT Summit 2015|last=|first=|website=www.e-govsummit.gauteng.gov.za|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-03-10|archive-date=2017-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312052009/http://www.e-govsummit.gauteng.gov.za/download-the-presentations/item/qedani-mahlangu|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;) na swona a a ri MEC ya [[Gauteng]] MEC ya ta Rihanyu na Nhluvuko wa Vanhu,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gautengonline.gov.za/Pages/ProfileofMECforEconomicDevelopmentQedaniMahlangu.aspx|title=GAUTENG ONLINE - Your Government - at the click of a button|website=www.gautengonline.gov.za|access-date=2017-02-16|archive-date=2017-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216215326/http://www.gautengonline.gov.za/Pages/ProfileofMECforEconomicDevelopmentQedaniMahlangu.aspx|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; loyi a nga tshika kumbe ku chika eka xiyimo endzhaku ka loko ku humesiwe xiviko hi ombudsman wa ta rihanyu mayelana na xiyimo xa ku lova ka vavabyi lavo vabya hi nhloko va nhlayo ya 94&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2017/02/02/who-is-qedani-mahlangu-the-gauteng-mec-who-resigned-over-the-li/|title=Who Is Qedani Mahlangu, The Gauteng MEC Who Resigned Over The Life Esidimeni Scandal?|website=Huffington Post South Africa|access-date=2017-02-16|archive-date=2017-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216220632/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2017/02/02/who-is-qedani-mahlangu-the-gauteng-mec-who-resigned-over-the-li/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohsc.org.za/images/documents/FINALREPORT.pdf|title=NO GUNS: 143+ SILENT DEATHS AND STILL COUNTING|last=Makgoba|first=Malegapuru|date=|website=www.ohsc.org.za|publisher=HEALTH OMBUD - The Office of Health Standards Compliance (OHSC)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=16 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kasi xiviko lexi xi tlhele xi vuriwa manyala ya ta rihanyu Esidimeni hi Xinghezi ku The Life Healthcare Esidimeni Scandal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2017/02/01/the-life-esidimeni-deaths-explained/|title=How The Hell Did 94 Psychiatric Patients Die? The Life Esidimeni Deaths Explained.|website=Huffington Post South Africa|access-date=2017-02-16|archive-date=2017-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217062832/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2017/02/01/the-life-esidimeni-deaths-explained/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qedani u ve eka swiyimo swo hlayanyana eka mfumo wa Gauteng ku sukela hi lembe ra 2004, ku katsaku va eka xiyimo xa ku va MEC wa ta Rihanyu, laha a nga vekiwa eka xiyimo lexi exikarhi ka malembe ya 2009 - 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.gpg.gov.za/dohDocuments/Annual%20Reports/ANNUAL%20REPORT%20%20%202009-2010%20Gauteng%20Department%20of%20Health.pdf|title=Annual Report 2009-2010|last=|first=|date=|website=www.health.gpg.gov.za|publisher=Gauteng Department of Health|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216221143/http://www.health.gpg.gov.za/dohDocuments/Annual%20Reports/ANNUAL%20REPORT%20%20%202009-2010%20Gauteng%20Department%20of%20Health.pdf|archive-date=16 February 2017|dead-url=yes|access-date=16 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; a tlhela a vuyiseriwa eka xiyimo lexi hi lembe ra 2014 ku fikela eka lembe ra 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.gpg.gov.za/dohDocuments/Annual%20Reports/ANNUAL%20REPORT%202015-2016%20Gauteng%20Department%20Of%20Health.pdf|title=Annual Report 2015-2016|last=|first=|date=|website=www.health.gpg.gov.za|publisher=Gauteng Department of Health|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216214233/http://www.health.gpg.gov.za/dohDocuments/Annual%20Reports/ANNUAL%20REPORT%202015-2016%20Gauteng%20Department%20Of%20Health.pdf|archive-date=16 February 2017|dead-url=yes|access-date=16 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hambi leswi a nga tshika eka xiyimo xa ku va Xirho xa Komitinkulu na Xirho xa Palamende ya Xifundzha, Mahlangu wa ha tama a ri xirho xa Huvunkulu ya Provhinsi ya ANC eGauteng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/newsmaker-from-hero-to-zero-20170205-2|title=Newsmaker: From hero to zero|work=News24|access-date=2017-04-24|archive-date=2017-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425030608/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/newsmaker-from-hero-to-zero-20170205-2|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Tavutomi byake ==

=== Vutomi bya le masungulweni na dyondzo ===
Qedani Mahlangu u velekiwe hi ti 12 ta Meyi hi 1968 eBethal, edorobeni ra purasi e[[Mpumalanga]], [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Endzhaku ka ku heta dyondzo ya xikolo ya sekondari, u ve a khwalifaya tani hi Thiicara, na swona a ya emahlweni ku dyondzela diploma ya Advanced Diploma in Economics, eUniversity of the Western Cape. Ku ya emahlweni, u ve a endla na  khoso ya diploma ya le henhla ya post-graduate eLondon School of Economics na ku endla nongonoko wa economics program eWilliams College eMassachusetts, USA. U ve a nyikiwa digri ya Honours Degree in Economics yo huma eka University of the Western Cape.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Swa Tipolitiki ===
Mahlangu u joyine nhlangano wa South African Youth Congress eka malembe ya va 1980, na swona endzhaku ka swona a tlhela a joyina ANC Youth League hi malembe ya va 1990. U ve a ya emahlweni no ya ehenhla hi swiyimo eka nhlangano wa ANC Youth League eka swiyimo swo hambana hambana, ku sukela eka marhavi ku fikela eka xiyimo xa tiko (national level). Vuxirho bya kwe eka ANC Youth League ku ya eka African National Congress hi xitalo, na swona a va Xirho xa Palamende ya tiko hi lembe ra 1998, a tirha tani hi muyimeri wa Gauteng a ri Mutshinyi (Whip) wa Gauteng eka National Council of Provinces. Endzhaku ka  nhlawulo wa 1999, u ve a hlawuriwa tani hi mutshamixitulu wa Select Committee on Finance eka National Council of Provinces, xiyimo lexi u ve ka xona ku fikela hi  2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.health-e.org.za/2009/05/13/new-health-mecs/|title=New Health MECs|date=2009-05-13|website=Health-e|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

U ve na xiavo eka switrakchara swo hlaya swa ANC eka swiyimo swo hambana hambana, ku katsa ku xa xirho xa Komitinkulu ya Xifundzha ya  ANC e-[[Gauteng]] ku sukela hi lembe ra 2002. Ku sukela eka lembe ra 2003 ku fikela hi Epreli 2004 u ve a vekiwa eka xiyimo xa vakondleteri va nhlawulo eGauteng na le ka xiyimo xa tiko hinkwaro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Mahlangu u vekiwe eka ku va Constituency Contact ya le Kliptown na le Midvaal eka hofisi ya Khonsticuwensi ya ANC eka palamende ya xifundzha ku nga Gauteng Provincial Legislature.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/mahlangu-qedani/#experience|title=Dorothy Mahlangu|website=People's Assembly|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vukorhokeri bya mfumo wa Xifundzha xa Gauteng ==

=== Vurhangeri eka ndzawulo ya mimfumo na tindhawu ===
Mahlangu u ve a langiwa ku va Xirho xa Khanselenkulu (Member of Executive Council) hi 2004 na ku va eka photfoliyo leyintshwa ya Mimfumo ya tindhawu ku fikela hi lembe ra 2009, laha a nga va mulanguteri na muangarheli wa vamasipala va tindhawu  eka provhinsi. Hi nkarhi wa yena wa ku va eka xiyimo lexi, u ve a sungula pfhumba ra  ''&quot;Operation Consolidate&quot;'' leri a ri ri na xikongomelo xa ku antswisa matirhelo ya swa timali ta tikhansele, endzhaku ka loko mukamberinkkulu wa swa timali ku nga  Auditor-General a kombise ku karhateka ka yena hi mafambiselo ya vamasipala. Mahlangu u ve aka endla xivitanelo eka vamasipala leswaku va tshika ku nyiketa vutirheli eka mindyawulo ya tiprovhinsi na ya tiko leyi yi nga haleleriku tirheyiti ya vutirheli, hi xikongomelo xa ku lawula mafambiselo ya swikelwetu eka xiyenge xa vamasipala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/cut-services-to-municipalities-gauteng-mec-358250|title=Cut services to municipalities: Gauteng MEC {{!}} IOL|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahlangu u kumeke a ri na xiavo lexi nga ri ku xinene eka ndzhavisiso wa forensiki lowu wu nga endliwa hi feme ya Pasco, leyi yi nga kuma leswaku switandi swimbirhi eMeyersdal Nature Estate swi xaviwe no xavisiwa hi mfumo wa tindhawu wa Gauteng. Hi ku landza ndzavisiso wa forensiki, ku xavisiwa no xava loku nga endliwa ku ve ka fambiselo leri nga ri ku nawini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-10-09-what-is-ekurhuleni-council-hiding|title=What is Ekurhuleni council hiding?|last=Burbidge|first=Matthew|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-03-24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mukhomixinara wa ku tshembeka (intergrity) wa phalamende ya Gauteng loyi ku nga, Jules Browde, u ve a komberiwa hi vandla ra Democratic Alliance ku endla ndzavisiso hiku xaviwa, na swona u kume leswo nxaviso lowu nga endliwa hi MEC a wu ri nawini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-07-21-massive-ekurhuleni-land-probe|title=Massive Ekurhuleni land probe|last=Basson|first=Yolandi Groenewald, Adriaan|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-03-24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vurhangeri eka ndzawulo ya Nhluvukiso wa Ikhonomi ===
Mahlangu u ve a vekiwa eka photfoliyo ya Nhluvukiso wa Ikhonomi tani hi Xirho xa Komitinkulu hi 2010 ehansi ka Premiyara (Holobyenkulu) wa Gauteng,  Nomvula Mokonyane. Hi lembe ra 2012, u rhangele ku sunguriwa ka Township Enterprise Hubs in eSebokeng; eSharpville; eKagiso; eKatlehong; eWinterveld, na le Tembisa. yin'wana na yin'wana a a yi ta pfuneta hi Automotive cluster; Services cluster and Light manufacturing cluster. Ti-hub leti, endzhaku ka nkharhi ti ve ti amukeriwa hi mfumo wa provhinsi leswo ti tirhisa ntsengo wo ringana 5% eka mali ya bajete ya prokhuwamente yo ringana R10biliyoni ku xava nhundzu na vutirheli eka mabindzu ya lokixi, hi lembe ra 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.za/statement-gauteng-mec-economic-development-qedani-mahlangu-elaborating-key-government-programmes|title=Statement by Gauteng MEC of Economic Development Qedani Mahlangu elaborating on key government programmes announced by the Premier in her speech {{!}} South African Government|website=www.gov.za|language=en|access-date=2017-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2015-02-27-00-radical-township-transformation|title=Radical township transformation|last=Advertorial|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-03-26|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blueiq.co.za/index.php/media-and-documents/opinion-pieces?limitstart=0|title=Media Releases|website=www.blueiq.co.za|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-03-26|archive-date=2017-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230935/http://www.blueiq.co.za/index.php/media-and-documents/opinion-pieces?limitstart=0|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Exikarhi ka lembe ra 2011 na 2013, Mahlangu uve a sungula fambiselo ra tilayisense ta tixebini ta swa mabyalwa ku nga Gauteng Liquor Regulations on Shebeen Licences, ihi ku sungula nawu wa ta mabyalwa eGauteng ku nga Gauteng Liquor Act,2003. ehansi ka fambiselo lerintshwa ra swinawana swa mafambiselo, tiphemiti ta tixebini xivandla xa tona a ti ta tekiwa hi tilayisense, leti a ti ta humesiwa hi Gauteng Liquor Board. Swinawana swa mafambiselo a swi ri na swikongelo swo tshimbisa ku xavisiwa ka mabyalwa hi Tisonto na tiholideyi va vugandzeri, na ku tshimbisa leswaku ku nga vi na tixebini kumbe tithavheni leti nga le kusuhani na swikolo eka mpfhuka wa 500 wa timitara ku suhani na swikolo kumbe tindhawu ta vugandzeri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/MyNews24/Shebeen-Licences-20130531|title=Shebeen Licences|work=News24|access-date=2017-03-26|archive-date=2017-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327075953/http://www.news24.com/MyNews24/Shebeen-Licences-20130531|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.fin24.com/Economy/Gauteng-liquor-licences-to-be-reviewed-20110531-2|title=Gauteng liquor licences to be reviewed|work=Fin24|access-date=2017-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swinawana swa mafambiselo swi ve swiamukeriwa hi vanhu vo tala e tikweni, hambi leswi vanhu van'wana lava khumbekaka va nga tiamukelangiku va vula leswo swi ta tika ku fambisa timhaka hi ku landza swinawana leswi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-04-12-00-its-time-for-shebeens-to-sober-up|title=It's time for shebeens to sober up|last=Holmes|first=Thalia|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-03-26|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Endzhaku ka nkarhi swin'wana leswi a swi ri eka tiregulexini swi ve swi humesiwa, leswi nga humesiwa a swi katsa ku xavisiwa ka mabyalwa hi Tisonto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2015/03/03/Last-round-at-boozers-near-schools-and-churches|title=Last round at boozers near schools and churches|last=Jamal|first=Penwell Dlamini and Shenaaz|website=Times LIVE|access-date=2017-03-26|archive-date=2017-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326231046/http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2015/03/03/Last-round-at-boozers-near-schools-and-churches|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahlangu u ve a hlongola mutshamixitulu wa bodo, Prince Mofojane hi lembe ra 2012 loko swirho swa bodo, swi kwetlembetana na xiboho xa MEC leswo bodo a yi fanele yi suka eka tihofisi ta yona leti a a ti ri Bramley, en'walungu wa Joni, leswo ti ya tirhela eka tihofisi tintshwa ta Ndzawulo ya Nhluvukiso wa Ikhonomi leti a a ti ri exikarhi ka doroba ra Joni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-06-07-00-mecs-actions-come-back-to-haunt-her|title=Qedani Mahlangu's actions come back to haunt her|last=Molele|first=Charles|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-03-26|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-01-06-gaming-board-defies-mec|title=Gaming board defies MEC|last=Molele|first=Charles|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-03-26|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Swirho swa bodo swi ve swi yisa mhaka leyi eka Supreme Court of Appeals South Africa na swona swi ve swi humelela ekhoto hi ti 27 ta Meyi 2013. Khoto yi ve yi kuma leswaku, MEC u teke xiboho hi ku va na xikongomelo xo ka xi nga lulamangi xa le tlhelo, ku tshimbisa bodo leswo yi suka eka tihofisi ta yona, ku ya eka muako lowu n'winyi wa wona ku nga ndzhawulo, nakambe, khoto yi ve yi humesa xiboho xa leswaku xiboho xa Mahlangu xa ku tshikisa swirho hinkwaswo swa bodo a xi nga ri nawini, hikokwalaho, xiboho xa MEC xi ve xi susiwa xi phaheriwela etlhelo hikuva khoto yi vule leswo MEC a a endlile nchumu lowu nga ri ku lowunene&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZASCA/2013/67.html|title=Gauteng Gambling Board and Another v MEC for Economic Development, Gauteng Provincial Government (620/2012) [2013] ZASCA 67; 2013 (5) SA 24 (SCA); [2013] 3 All SA 370 (SCA) (27 May 2013)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=2017-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vurhangeri eka ndzawulo ya Nhluvukiso wa Vuako ===
Hi lembe ra 2014, Premiyara Nomvula Mokonyane, MEC wa swa timali Mandla Nkomfe na wa infrastrakchara ku nga Qedani Mahlangu, va ve va kumeka va nga ri na nandzu, xiboho lexi nga humesiwa hi va komiti ya palamende ya Gauteng ya privileges and ethics standing endzhaku ka loko khomixini ya vutshembeki ku (integrity commission) yi endle ndzavisiso hi vukungundzwana eka swa ntirhisomali leswi a va pumbiwa swona. Kambe Mahlangu u nyikiwe xileriso xa leswo a hakela ntsengo wa R7309 hikuva a tirhise karata ya swikweleti ya mfumo ku tixavela swilo swa yena n'winyi hi nkarhi lowu a a endzele tiko ra Istanbul, [[Turkey]], hi lembe ra 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2014/03/17/Gauteng-MECs-cleared-of-fraud|title=Gauteng MECs cleared of fraud|last=Rapetswane|first=Phetane|website=Times LIVE|access-date=2017-03-27|archive-date=2017-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105728/http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2014/03/17/Gauteng-MECs-cleared-of-fraud|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2013/03/05/Mokonyane-must-answer-for-alleged-abuse-of-state-credit-cards-DA|title=Mokonyane must answer for alleged abuse of state credit cards: DA|last=Sapa|website=Times LIVE|access-date=2017-03-27|archive-date=2017-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105646/http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2013/03/05/Mokonyane-must-answer-for-alleged-abuse-of-state-credit-cards-DA|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vurhangeri eka ndzawulo ya Rihanyu na Nhluvuko wa Vanhu ===

==== 2009 - 2010 ====
Hi Juni wa lembe ra 2007 Ndzawulo ya ta Rihanyu, eGauteng yi endle ntwanano wa vutirheli na va khamphani ya Baoki Consortium and 3P Consultants, kasi hi ku landza ntwanano lowu, va khamphani ya 3P Consulting a yi boheka ku sungula uniti ya projeke ya vufambisi leyi vuriwaka Project Management Unit eka Ndzawulo ku sungula fambiselo leri vuriwaka Health and Information System and Electronic Health Records eka swibedlhele na tikliniki ta Gauteng. HI tii 23 ta Machi hi lembe ra 2009 ntwanano wu navisiwile kumbe ku ngeteleriwa malembe man'wana manharhu, hi MEC wa ta Rirhanyu wa nkarhi lowu, loyi a a ku ri Brian Hlongwa. Mahlangu u ve a teka xivandla xa Hlongwa tani hi MEC wa ta Rihanyu hi ti 8 Meyi hi lembe ra 2009 endzhaku ka nhlawulo wa Tiko, tani hi khabinete yo sungula ya provhinsi ya Nomvula Mokonyane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=3818&amp;Itemid=209|title=City of Johannesburg - Mokonyane sticks to gender promise|website=www.joburg.org.za|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-04-13|archive-date=2017-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414162609/https://joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=3818&amp;Itemid=209|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Endzhaku ka ku va Mahlangu a endle nkambisiso wa tiprojeke, kasi hi ti 1 ta Julayi 2009, u ve a tsala papila a tsalela 3P Consulting, leri a ri hlamusela leswaku ndzawulo a yi khansela ku ngeteleriwa ka ntwanano. Hi ku landza afidavhiti ya Mahlangu, leswi a swi endliwa hikokwalaho ka leswaku a ku ri na swilumbeto swo tika swo matirhelo yo homboloko na ku homboloko hi ndlela leyi ntwanano wu nga endliwa hi yona, na ku ngeteleriwa ka ntwanano lowu. Ku ve na ku koxana etikhoto hi mhaka leyi exikrhi ka matlhelo mambirhi, kasi hi ti 18 ta Februwari 2010, khoto ya  South Gauteng High Court (Lamont J) yi ve humesa xiboho xa leswaku ku endliwa ka ntwanano exikarhi ka 3P COnsulting na Ndzawulo a swi endliwe hi ndlela leyinene. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2009-12-18-gauteng-fights-on-against-expensive-tender|title=Gauteng fights on against expensive tender|last=Basson|first=Adriaan|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-04-13|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va Ndzawulo va endle aphili eka xiboho lexi xa khoto, na swona va feyila eka aphili ya vona, nakambe hi ti 7 ta Februwari 2011, huvonkulu ya vumbiwa ku nga Constitutional Court ryi ve yi ala leswaku ku endliwa aphili yin'wana. Hi ti 13 ta Okthoba 2011, khamphani ya 3P Consulting yi ve yi endla xikombelo xa ku koxa Ndzawulo no lava ku hakeriwa R99miliyoni,, ntsengo lowu a wu nga katsakanyi ntswalo na ti-costt. Kambe ndzawulo yi phikizane na xikoxo lexi, no yisa mhaka leyi ehubyeni. Kambe loko mhaka leyi yi nga si tshama ekhoto, khamphani ya 3P Consulting yi ve yiwa. Na swona ku kumeka leswaku xikoxo xa yona xa mali ya R99miliyoni eka Ndzhawulo a ku ri yona ntsena mpahla ya yona.  Ku likhwideyitara ti langile mukhomixinara ku endla ndzavisiso hi timhaka ta khampani, no vona loko yi  fanele ku ya emahlweni no xikoxo xa yona eka Ndzawulo, ku kuma kleyimi leyi ya xikoxo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZASCA/2016/79.html|title=Roering NO and Another v Mahlangu and Others (581/2015) [2016] ZASCA 79; [2016] 3 All SA 466 (SCA); 2016 (5) SA 455 (SCA) (30 May 2016)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=2017-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.justice.gov.za/sca/judgments/sca_2016/sca2016-079ms.pdf|title=MEDIA SUMMARY – JUDGMENT DELIVERED IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL: Roering and Another NNO v Qedani Mahlangu|last=|first=|date=29 May 2016|work=The Registrar, Supreme Court of Appeal|access-date=13 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413235340/http://www.justice.gov.za/sca/judgments/sca_2016/sca2016-079ms.pdf|archive-date=13 April 2017|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi Julayi 2014, va National Prosecuting Authority va endle xikombelo eka khotonkulu ya South Gauteng High Court ku yimisa xikoxo na kleyimi ya khamphani ya 3P Consulting and Baoki eka Ndzawulo ya ta Rihanyu, no veka leswo xikoxo lexi a a xi ri vuyelo bya matirhelo yo homboloko yo ka ya nga ri nawini, endzhaku ka leswi, ku ve ku dyiwa nhundzu ya Hlongwa laha a nga lahlekeriwa hi muti wa yena wa xiyimo xa le henhla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.health-e.org.za/2015/01/26/former-gauteng-mec-health-implicated-massive-corruption/|title=Former Gauteng MEC for Health implicated in &quot;massive corruption&quot;|date=2015-01-26|website=Health-e|access-date=2017-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/the-sunday-independent/20140727/281492159448506|title=Hlongwa's 1.4bn &quot;Corruption Ring&quot;|last=Bailley|first=Candice|date=27 July 2014|work=Sunday Independent|access-date=13 April 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi ti 19 ta Meyi 2010, vana va ntsevu vo velekiwa ku nga si fika nkarhi (premature babies) lava ku nga vikiwa hi vona ku sungula va ve va lova, va dlayiwa hi richuluko (diarrhea) exibedlhele xa Charlotte Maxeke Academic eJoni. Mahlangu u ve a pfumela leswaku ku na leswi swi nga fambangiku kahle, kambe a ala leswaku vatirhi va xibedlhela va amukela nandzu waku lova ka vana. Profesa Keith Bolton, loyi a a ari nhloko ya paediatrics exibedlhele xa Rahima Moosa Hospital, u pfuneta ku endla xiviko lexi xi nga na na mahetelelo ya leswo leswi a ku ri xiyimo xo ka xi nga tolevelekangiku. Va mindyangu ya vana lava nga lova a va kumangi ndziriso eka mhaka leyi ya ku lova ka vana va vona eka ndzawulo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-05-19-investigation-after-five-babies-die-at-joburg-hospital|title=Investigation after five babies die at Jo'burg hospital|last=Reporter|first=Staff|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-04-13|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-07-21-no-negligence-in-baby-deaths-says-report|title='No negligence' in baby deaths, says report|last=Grobler|first=Fienie|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-04-13|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi Septemba 2010, Mahlangu u ve a angarhela fambiselo ra ku pfariwa ka swibedlhele swinharhu swa TB eka Provhinsi ya Gauteng, leswi ku nga Charles Hurwitz TB Hospital eSowethu, Tshepong TB Hospital eTshwane, na East Rand T Hospital e Ekurhuleni. Mahlangu sirhelelele ku pfariwa loko ku swibedlhele swinharhu swa Gauteng swa TB tani hi nchumu lowu a wu fanele ku endliwa ku hlayisa timali na ku  yisa timali leti a a ti ta hlayisiwa laha tivakaka kona ngopfu, leswi a nga te swi ta hlayisa mali ya ntsengo wo ringana R3miliyoni hi lembe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/tb-hospitals-closed-in-gauteng-20101007-2|title=TB hospitals closed in Gauteng|work=News24|access-date=2017-04-24|archive-date=2017-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425025150/http://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/tb-hospitals-closed-in-gauteng-20101007-2|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/three-tb-hospitals-shut-down|title=Three TB hospitals shut down {{!}} SA News|website=www.sanews.gov.za|language=en|access-date=2017-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2014 - 2017 ====
Ku sukela hi Januwari 2010 ku ya fika emahelweni ya lembe ra 2014/15 ra timali, ndzhawulo ya provhinsi ya ta rihanyu, yi hakele mali yo ringana ntsengo wa R544miliyoni eka ku ririsa lava nga vavikeseriwa kumbe ku lahlekeriwa eka ta rihanyu hi ku landza swiboho swa tihuvo hikuva va ta rihanyu va nga fambisanga swilo hi ndlela leyinene kumbe hi ku endla vufendze. Mahlangu u ve a larisiwa hi Premiyara Makhura ku languta fambiselo ro hambana na ku ya etikhoto hi timhaka ta hakelela lava vaviseriweke eka ta rihanyu kumbe hi vufendze bya matirhelo eka rihanyu, kasi eka tikhoto va ndzhawulo va tsandzeke eka milandzu ya 168 hi nkarhi lowu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Gauteng-health-dept-pays-out-R544m-in-negligence-cases-20150901|title=Gauteng health dept pays out R544m in negligence cases|work=News24|access-date=2017-04-24|archive-date=2017-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425114242/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Gauteng-health-dept-pays-out-R544m-in-negligence-cases-20150901|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yin'wana ya milandzu ya swa rihanyu yi katsa vagadi va le swibedlhele lava nga tlherisela endzhaku vavabyi, va nga pfumeli leswo va nghena ku kuma ku ongoriwa eka tikliniki, leswi swi nga vangela ku lova ka vanhu vambirhi hi lembe ra 2015,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Mahlangu-cracks-whip-after-kids-deaths-20150429|title=Mahlangu cracks whip after kids’ deaths|work=News24|access-date=2017-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ku vaviseka swinene ebyongweni leswi nga vangela cerebral palsy, leswi nga karhata n'wana wa mufana laha vatirhi va xibedlhele va nga tsandzeka ku hlayisa kahle kwan'wa endzhaku ka ku velekiwa eka lembe ra 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.health24.com/Parenting/Child/News/Gauteng-Health-MEC-admits-liability-for-babys-brain-damage-20140909|title=Gauteng Health MEC admits liability for baby's brain damage|work=Health24|access-date=2017-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi lembe ra 2015, Mahlangu u endle xitivisi xa lesaku ndzhawulo ya yena yi ta tshika kumbe ku khansela kontraka ya yona na va xibedlhele xa tikhampani ta le tlhelo va Life Healthcare na tifasiliti ta Life Esidimeni xo hlayisa vovabya hi nhloko, leswo a ta hlayisa mali, hikuva ndzawulo a wu hakela mali ya ntsengo wo ringana R320 hi siku eka muvabyi wun'we eLife Esidimeni. Vunyingi bya vavabyi lava a va ta yisiwa eka tifasiliti na tinhlangano ta miti leti kumaka mali eka mfumo lomu mitini to chipa. Mahlangu u ve a phikiziwa swinene eka endlelo leri hi xichava, kambe u ye emahlweni na makungu ya yena. Va vutivi bya ntokoko eka swa rihanyu, mindyangu, na vagingiriki eka swa tipolitiki (activists) va ve va tsundzuxa swinene leswo mhaka leyi a yi nga fambisiwi hi ndlela leyinene, na leswo tindhawu laha vavabyi a va yisiwa kona, ti nga ka ti nga koti ku hlayisa vavabyi lava vo vabya hi nhloko ku fana na le Life Esidimeni, kambe Mahlangu a nga lavangi ku yingela nakatsongo leswi a va swi vula. hi vavabyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ohsc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/FINALREPORT.pdf|title=Report into the circumstances surrounding the deaths of mentally ill patients: Gauteng Province|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ti 13 ta Septembere 2016, eka manyala lama ya nga vuriwa no thyiwa  Life Healthcare Esidimeni Scandal, Mahlangu u ve a paluxa loko a vutisiwa xivutiso hi Jack Bloom, leswaku vavabyi vo vabya hi nhloko vo ringana nhlayo ya 36 lava va nga susiwa Life Healthcare Esidimeni va lovile hi nkarhi lowu a va ri ka minhlangano ya ti-NGO.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2016/09/13/36-transferred-psychiatric-patients-have-died-in-Gauteng1|title=36 transferred psychiatric patients have died in Gauteng|last=Digital|first=TMG|website=Times LIVE|access-date=2017-04-24|archive-date=2017-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425030052/http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2016/09/13/36-transferred-psychiatric-patients-have-died-in-Gauteng1|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leswi swi endle leswo Holobye wa ta Rihanyu  Aaron Motsoaledi a kombela ombudsman wa ta rihanyu ku nga Professor Malegapuru W Makgoba ku endla ndzavisiso wa vuenti hi ku lova ka vavabyi endzhaku ka loko Mahlangu a nyikete nhlamulo leyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-09-15-health-minister-wants-probe-into-death-of-36-psychiatric-patients|title=Health minister wants probe into deaths of 36 psychiatric patients|last=Wire|first=News24|work=The M&amp;G Online|access-date=2017-04-24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiviko xa ndzavisiso lowu wu nga komberiwa hi Holobye ya ta Rihanyu, xi ve xi humesiwa hi ti 1 Februwari 2017, endzhaku ka loko Mahlangu a hlwerise ku humesiwa ka xiviko lexi hikuva a vula leswo a ha lava ku kambela tidokumende hi mhaka leyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/report-into-death-of-mentally-ill-patients-to-be-released-20170201|title=Report into death of mentally ill patients to be released|work=News24|access-date=2017-04-24|archive-date=2017-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425114411/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/report-into-death-of-mentally-ill-patients-to-be-released-20170201|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiviko xi ve xi kombisa leswaku ku love vavabyi vo tlula nhlayo ya 36, na swona xi tlhela xi hlamusela leswaku Mahlangu u fanele ku susiwa eka xiyimo xa ku va MEC wa ta rihanyu.

Mahlangu u ve a tshika ku va MEC wa ta Rihanyu hi ndzhenga endzhaku ka loko Ombud wa ta Rihanyu a humesile xiviko, na swona Primiyara Makhura u endla xitiviso xa leswo a a ta veka Xandla xa Holobye wa ta Rihanyu (Deputy Minister), ku nga Gwen Ramokgopa tani hi MEC wa ta rihanyu, kasi hi nkarhi lowu a nga si ku vekiwaka, loyi a a ta va mukhomeri eka xiyimo lexi a ku ta va MEC wa nhluvuko wa vanhu eGauteng ku nga Nandi Mayathula-Khoza hi nkarhi lowu wa xinkadyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/gauteng-health-mec-qedani-mahlangu-resigns-20170201|title=Gauteng Health MEC Qedani Mahlangu resigns|work=News24|access-date=2017-04-24|archive-date=2017-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425113819/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/gauteng-health-mec-qedani-mahlangu-resigns-20170201|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndzavisiso wa vuenti (inquiry) hi ku lova ka vavabyi wu ve wu sungula wu byeriwa leswakua Mahlangu a a tiyimiserile ku nyiketa vumbhoni kambe a a nga kumeki hi nkarhi wolowo hikuva a a ri ku tsaleni ka swikambelo eLondon School of Economics. Va London School of Economics va ve va hlamusela ka ndzhaku leswo a ku nga ri ntiyiiso mhaka ya leswo Mahlangu a a ri ku tsaleni ka swikambelo na vona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bhekisisa.org/article/2017-10-25-mahlangus-alleged-school-confirms-no-exams-scheduled|title=#LifeEsidimeni: Mahlangu’s alleged school confirms no exams scheduled|last=Gonzalez|first=Laura Lopez|website=Bhekisisa|language=en|access-date=2017-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutomi bya yena xiviri ==
Qedani Mahlangu a nga tekiwangi, na swona u na n'wana wun'we, vito ra yena ku nga Nkululeko Chris Skhosana loyi a nga velekiwa hi lembe ra 1996.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1968| |Qedani Mahlangu}}</text>
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'''Letta Mbulu''' (tshariwile hiti 23 ta Mhawuri hi lembe ra 1942) i muyimbeleri wa Jazz etikweni ra Afrika Dzonga, loyi a yimbeleleke ku sukela hi lembe ra 1960.

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1942| |Letta Mbulu}}

== Switirhisiwa swa vuyimbeleri ==

* ''Letta Mbulu Yimbelela'' (Capitol 1967) .
* ''Moya-xiviri lowu ntshunxekeke'' (Capitol, 1968) .
* ''Letta'' (Chisa, 1970) .
* ''Hi ntumbuluko'' (Fantasy, 1972) .
* ''Ku na Vuyimbeleri emoyeni'' (A&amp;M, 1976) .
* ''Letta'' (A&amp;M, 1977) Xihlamusela-marito xa Xitsonga.
* ''Letta Mbulu'' - Nsuku (A&amp;M, 1978) .
* ''Letta Mbulu'' - Juju yo nandziha (Mixo, 1985) .
* ''Swilo leswinene swa Letta &amp; Caiphus'' (Columbia, 1996) .
* ''Swichayachayana leswikulu'' (Columbia, 1999) .
* ''Letta Mbulu U yimbelela/Moya wo ntshunxeka'' (Stateside, 2005) .
* ''Kulani Nami'' (Sony, 2007) .</text>
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: Tsalwa leri ritikomba rihelerile naswona rafaneleka leswaku ringa thlomiwa risiva. - [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 12:50, 18 Hukuri 2018 (UTC)
:: Swi endlekile  --[[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 21:23, 19 Hukuri 2018 (UTC) {{done}}</text>
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: Tsalwa leri rile kundlandlamukeni naswona rafaneleka leswaku ringa thlomiwa risiva. - [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 21:18, 19 Hukuri 2018 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bertha Marivate</title>
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'''Bertha Marivate (N'wa Manhengeni)''' a kuri nghamu ya Mufundhisi [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C. Marivate]]. Vukati bya vona a byi katekisiwe hi vana va nkombo kunga [[Charles Marivate]](''Dokodela'') , [[Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate]] (''Phurofesa'' wa tidyondzo ta ririmi e yunivhesithi ya Afrika Dzonga), [[Russel Marivate]](''Dokodela''), [[Cecil Roy Marivate]] (''Thicara''), [[Martin Marivate]] (''Dokodela''), [[Desiree N'wamhamba Marivate]] (''Nese'') na [[Maseve Richard Marivate]] (''Thicara'' wa tidyondzo ta Tinhlayo, loyi a thlomiweke tinsiva to hlaya).&lt;ref name=&quot;Chabalala&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |type= |last=Chabalala Masumbe |first=BM. |date=2002 |title=[http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/695 The Swiss Missionaries' management of Social transformation in SOuth Africa (1873-1976)]|publisher=UNISA}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|?|?|Bertha Manyengeni Marivate}}</text>
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    <title>Russel Marivate</title>
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'''Russel Marivate''' (''23 [[Nhlangula]] 1930''  - † ''[[Dzivamusoko]] 2018''), a kuri dokodela loyi a tirheke ngopfu e Garankuwa, Winterveldt na le Soshanguvhe, naswona i n'wana wa mufundhisi [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C Marivate]] loyi a ari Mutsari wa ndhuma wa novhele yo sungula ya Xitsonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chabalala&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last= Sizwe Med|first= |title=[https://www.sechabamedical.co.za/SMS%20Coffee%20Book%20FINAL.pdf Sizwe Medical aid coffee book]|publisher=Sizwe Medical aid}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hofisi yakwe ya vutshunguri yi cinciwe yiva xibhedlele xo amukela vavabyi lava vapfumalaka vutshunguri, naswona xithlela xiva na xirhapa xo byala swimilana na mihandzu yo hambana hambana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shorite&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.shopriteholdings.co.za/articles/Newsroom/2018/Hospice-food-garden-feeds-greater-community-Ekukhuseleni-Tshireletso.html |title=Hospice food garden feeds greater community |date=2018 |accessdate=26 November 2018 |publisher=Shoprite}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1930|2018|Russel Marivate}}
[[Category:Madokodela]]</text>
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'''Martin Marivate''' (8 [[Hukuri]] 1934 – † 4 [[Mhawuri]] 2020&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sowetan/20200807/282127818822526 Professor of multiple births exists obstetrics] - Benson Ntlemo, Sowetan&lt;/ref&gt;), a kuri phurofese wa swatarihanyo a thlela ava dokodela, naswona i n'wana wa mufundhisi [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C Marivate]] loyi a ari Mutsari wa ndhuma wa novhele yo sungula ya Xitsonga. Marivate a ari munhu wo rahndza tidyondzo na vulavisisi bya vuongori, naswona u tsarile maphephe yo hlaya yo hlamusela mhaka ya kutika hi kulandzelelana ka vavasati. Uthlele ava xandla xa mufambisis wa xibhedlel ya vuvelekeri xale King Edwards exifundzeni xa Natala, kusukela kona utirhile kwalomu ka malembe ya . Marivate u tirhe ngopfu eka pfhumba ra ku rhamba madokodela yale tikweni ra Cuba kuta tirha laha Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sizwe&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last= Sizwe Med|first= |title=[https://www.sechabamedical.co.za/SMS%20Coffee%20Book%20FINAL.pdf Sizwe Medical aid coffee book]|publisher=Sizwe Medical aid}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pfhumba ra madokodela ya valungu, ma bumabumele leswaku Marivate a thsikisiwa ku hlahluva vavasati va valungu exibhedle xa King Edwards laha a a tirha kona, hikwalaho keleswi a ari muntima.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sizwe&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1934|2020|Martin Marivate}}
[[Category:Madokodela]]</text>
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'''Charles Marivate''' (''11 [[Mawuwani]] 1924'' – ''†  02 [[N'wendzamhala]] 2019''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.limpopomirror.co.za/articles/news/51552/2019-12-16/dr-marivate-will-be-remembered-for-good-deeds|title=Dr Marivate will be remembered for good deeds|last=DV|date=2019-12-16|website=Limpopo Mirror|access-date=2020-01-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; ), akuri dokodela loyi a tirheke ngopfu e Garankuwa,na le Mabopane kwalomu ka malembe ya 25, naswona i n'wana wa mufundhisi [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C Marivate]] loyi a ari Mutsari wa ndhuma wa novhele yo sungula ya Xitsonga. Marivate u thlele a pfula ofisi ya vutshunguri a Valdezia laha a a thsungula vanhu va muganga hambi loko vapfumala mali yo hakela. Marivate uthlele ava nadza wa huvo ya vurhangeri bya Medical University of South Africa (MEDUNSA) leyi hoxiweke ehansi ka yunivhesithi ya Limpopo, a thlela ava mutshami wa xitulu xa huvo leyi kusukela hi 1995 kuya eka 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chabalala&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last= Sizwe Med|first= |title=[https://www.sechabamedical.co.za/SMS%20Coffee%20Book%20FINAL.pdf Sizwe Medical aid coffee book]|publisher=Sizwe Medical aid}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1924|2019|Charles Marivate}}
[[Category:Madokodela]]</text>
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'''Cecil Roy Marivate''' (''4 [[Sunguti]] 1933''), a kuri thicara na nhloko ya xikolo, naswona i n'wana wa mufundhisi [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C Marivate]] loyi a ari Mutsari wa ndhuma wa novhele yo sungula ya Xitsonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huskisson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last= Huskisson|first=Y |title=The Bantu composers of Southern Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/bantucomposersof00husk/page/100|year=1969|publisher=South African Broadcasting Corp.|isbn=0869651218|page=101-103}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1933| |Cecil Roy Marivate}}
[[Category:Mathicara]]</text>
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'''Maseve Richard Marivate''' (''1936'' ''- †  19 [[Nyenyenyani]] 2016''), a kuri thicara wa xikolo wa mutsonga, naswona i n'wana wa mufundhisi [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C Marivate]] loyi a ari Mutsari wa ndhuma wa novhele yo sungula ya Xitsonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huskisson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last= Huskisson|first=Y |title=The Bantu composers of Southern Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/bantucomposersof00husk/page/100|year=1969|publisher=South African Broadcasting Corp.|isbn=0869651218|page=101-103}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marivate uthlomiwe risiva eka sagwati ra Aggrey Klaaste Maths, Science and Technology Educator of the Year hi lembe ra 2004, naswona tikhompuyuta leti a tikumeke u nyiketele hatona eswikolweni swale Bushbuckridge hi lembe ra 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;AllAfrica&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200505180302.html|title=Star Teacher Hands Over Computers to School|date=May 2005 |accessdate=26 November 2018 |publisher=AllAfrica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1936|2016|Maseve Richard Marivate}}
[[Category:Mathicara]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Bio}} '''Desiree N'wamhamba Marivate''', i Muongori wa xisati wa mutsonga, naswona i n'wana wa mufundhisi [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C Marivate]] loyi a ari Mutsari wa ndhum...&quot;</comment>
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'''Desiree N'wamhamba Marivate''', i Muongori wa xisati wa mutsonga, naswona i n'wana wa mufundhisi [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C Marivate]] loyi a ari Mutsari wa ndhuma wa novhele yo sungula ya Xitsonga. N'wa-Marivate uhetile tidyondzo takwe ta matriki exikolweni xa Lemana naswona a thlela aya dyondzela tidyondzo ta vunese e McCords a dorobheni ra Dhebheni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huskisson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last= Huskisson|first=Y |title=The Bantu composers of Southern Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/bantucomposersof00husk/page/100|year=1969|publisher=South African Broadcasting Corp.|isbn=0869651218|page=101-103}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|?|?|Desiree N'wamhamba Marivate}}
[[Category:Tinese]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.105.165.134|103.105.165.134]] ([[User talk:103.105.165.134|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2504" sha1="5f8ik8tmpzpainp8fr7yu1kaikol78l" xml:space="preserve">'''Sasavona''' i novhele yo sungulula ya Xitsonga leyi tsariwe hi Mufundhisi [[Daniel Cornel Marivate|D.C. Marivate]] naswona yi kandziyisiwa hi lembe ra 1938. Novhele leyi yi kumile risiva ra ndzhangelo na khume ra tiphawundi ku suka eka International Institute of African Languages and Cultures. Vito ra Sasavona Publishers and Booksellers ri thyiwile hikokwalaho ka novhele leyi yo sungula ya Xitsonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubisi&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |type= |last=Ubisi|first=L.L |date=2013 |title=[http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1446 Nkucetelo wa vukriste eku vumbeni ka swimunhuhatwa swa vavasati eka matsakwa ya asavona hi D.C. MARIVATE na ri gile hi S.B. NXUMALO)]|publisher=University of Limpopo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nkatsakanyo wa hungu ra tsalwa==
Tsalwa ra Sasavona ri vulavulavula hi Sasavona nsati wa George Ntavasi. George Ntavasi i wanuna loyi a a tirhela ekule ni le kaya hi xikongomelo xo singilela muti wa yena. Sasavona u sale a hanya vutomi bya xihedeni hi nkarhi lowu nuna wa yena a ri eJoni. Loko ri xile xa yena a ku ri ku famba na miti a tinwela byalwa. Loko nuna wa yena a rhumerile mali a yi tlangisa hi ku nwa ni ku xavela  swigangu swa yena byalwa, mali yi hela hinkwayo, yena ni vana va sala va sika hi ndlala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubisi&quot; /&gt;

Mahanyelo ya yena ya endla leswaku a hanya hi ku yiva swa vanhu emasin'wini ni le makaya hikokwalaho ko loloha ku rima hambileswi nuna wa yena a rhumela mali yo xava mapa na hinkwaswo ku katsa ni timbewu hi ku hambanahambana ka tona. Loko mali leyi a nga rhumeriwa hi nuna wa yena yi herile, u famba a vanga swikweleti etikweni hinkwaro, a tlhele a tsandzeka ku swi hakela. Nenge lowu a a ri na wona wu  endla leswaku a va mbabva, a hetelela hi ku va ni futa hileswi nkarhi wo tirha ekaya a nga wu kumi hikokwalaho ka byalwa. Leswi swi  endla leswaku vana va yena va nga yi kahle exikolweni hikokwalaho ko pfumala loyi a nga ta va lulamisela ku ya exikolweni nimpundzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubisi&quot; /&gt;

N'wanan wa yena u kale a tekelela mahanyelo ya yena yo hanya hi ku yiva swa vanhu emasin'wini hikokwalaho ko loloha ku rima hi nkarhi wa xirimu. Sasavona u hetelela a vabya vuvabyi lebyi a byi ta n'wi yisa evuyavangavuyi. Loko se a vona leswaku u le kusuhi ni ku fa, wa hundzuka, a nghena kereke ku kondza loko a hundza emisaveni. Ku vabya loku hi kona loku ku nga endla leswaku a kala a tsutsumela ekerekeni hikuva kufa ku chava hi un'wana ni un'wana laha misaveni ya Xikwembu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ubisi&quot; /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Tibuku]]
[[Category:Tibuku ta Xitsonga]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1360" sha1="javq4aarg3fvgvo3odj07i43l7t0kra" xml:space="preserve">'''Valdezia''' i tiko leri kumekaka ekusihi ka tintshava ta Rivombo e xifundzheni xa [[Limpopo]], e Afrika Dzonga. Muganga lowu a wutiviwa tani hi Albasini wu nga si churiwa vito ra Valdezia hi varhumiwa va le Swisi hi lembe ra 1875. Tiko leri ri simekiwe eka malembe ya 1820 hi vahlampfa va va Tsonga lava a va tsutsuma tinyimpi ta [[Soshanghana|Soshangana]]. Tiko leri ri kumeka kwalomu ka 10 wa tikhilomitara e vuxeni bya xibhedlele xa Elim e mugangeni wa Hlanganani, khale ka tiko-xikaya ra Gazankulu, e [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]]. A kuri vundzhawu bya xitichi xa vurhumiwa bya Swisi, na swona xi churiwe hi vito ra muganga wa Vaud, lo wu kumekaka e tikweni ra Switsalendi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harries2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Patrick Harries|title=Butterflies &amp; Barbarians: Swiss Missionaries &amp; Systems of Knowledge in South-East Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5giFa-rMkusC&amp;pg=PA69|accessdate=2013-08-24|year=2007|publisher=James Currey Publishers|isbn=978-0-85255-983-3|page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlayo ya va aka tiko va Valdezia i kwalomu ka 7,600 na 8,000 wa vanhu hi kuya hi nhlayo-ximfumo wa lembe ra 2011.  Tiko leri ri voniwa tani hi ndzhawu ya ku velekiwa ka vutsari bya ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]] e Afrika Dzonga.
&lt;br /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Matiko ya Limpopo]]
[[Category:Matiko ya Gazankulu]]
[[Category:Switichi swa vurhumiwa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="779" sha1="eom26637mey572wbkwq24xbueu5297r" xml:space="preserve">'''Xitichi xavurhumiwa xa Valdezia''' xisimekiwe hi lembe ra 1875 hi Varhumiwa va Vukhongeri bya vu Phresbethari, naswona vutomi bya ximutana lexi abyi kongomisiwa no hlohloteriwa hi ripfumelo ra vukreste. Xitchi lexi a xiri na Kereke, Xikolo na Xibhedle leswi a swi kongomisiwa hi varhumiwa va vukhongeri va Swisi. Xitchi lexi xi tekiwa tani hi vuvelekeri bya vutsari bya ririmi ra Xitsonga.
&lt;ref name=&quot;Harries2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Patrick Harries|title=Butterflies &amp; Barbarians: Swiss Missionaries &amp; Systems of Knowledge in South-East Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5giFa-rMkusC&amp;pg=PA69|accessdate=2013-08-24|year=2007|publisher=James Currey Publishers|isbn=978-0-85255-983-3|page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Switichi swa vurhumiwa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11260" sha1="2rlaotb1jd34yvunld81zadlez9cmyh" xml:space="preserve">{{bio|caption=Blum hi lembe ra 2007}}
'''William Henry Blum''' (&lt;span class=&quot;IPA nopopups noexcerpt&quot;&gt;/&lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;'b' in 'buy'&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;'l' in 'lie'&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'&quot;&gt;ʌ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;'m' in 'my'&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;; u velekiwe hi ti 6 ta Machi, 1933 – a lova hi ti 9 ta Disemba, 2018) a a ri mutsari wa tibuku wa Amerika, n'wamatimu, na musori wa endlelo ra mfumo wa United States foreign policy. A a tshama e-[[Washington, DC]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Montgomery&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=David|last=Montgomery|date=January 21, 2006|title=The Author Who Got A Big Boost From bin Laden|work=The Washington Post|pages=C01|id=|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/20/AR2006012001971.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutomi bya yena emasungulweni ==
Blum u velekiwe eBrooklyn, eNew York City, a velekiwa hi Ruth (née Katz) na-Isidore Blum, lava a va ri vanhu va Majuda yo huma etikweni ra [[Polendi|Poland]] (Polish Jewish immigrants). Tatana wa yena a a ri mutirhi wo tirha hi michini. U hete tidyondzo ta yena e-Erasmus Hall High School na swona a kuma digri ya accountancy hi lembe ra 1955 ku suka eka City College School of Business and Civic Administration, leyi ka ndzhaku yi nga tiviwa tani hi Baruch College of the City University of New York.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roberts&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/11/obituaries/william-blum-dead.html|title=William Blum, U.S. Policy Critic Cited by bin Laden, Dies at 85|work=The New York Times|date=December 12, 2018|access-date=December 12, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Langer&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Langer|first=Emily|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/william-blum-policy-critic-of-us-praised-by-osama-bin-laden-dies-at-85/2018/12/13/d634f72e-fe13-11e8-862a-b6a6f3ce8199_story.html|title=William Blum, policy critic of U.S. praised by Osama bin Laden, dies at 85|work=The Washington Post|date=December 13, 2018|access-date=December 14, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; U sungule ku tirha tani hi computer programmer a tirhela IBM, ka ndzhaku u ve a takiwa hi ndzawulo ya mfumo State Department ku tirhela vona. A a ri munhu wo tiyimisela swinene na swona a a lava ku va muofisara wo tirhela ndzawulo ya mfumo eka timhaka ta le handle ka tiko ku nga foreign service officer tani hi laha a nga hlamusela hi kona leswo a ta va muchiviriki wo lwa na vukomunisi hi leswi tivekaka tani hi to, &quot;take part in the great anti-Communist crusade&quot;. Kambe Blum u ve a khunguvanyisiwa hi nyimpi ya Amerika yo lwa na tiko ra [[Vietnam]] yo tiveka tani hi Vietnam War na swona u ve a tshika ku tirhela mfumo hi lembe ra 1967.

== muviki wa mahungu ==
Eka nkarhi lowu a a sungule ku vika hi ta ku chivirika (tiprotesti) to phikizana na nyimbi ya Vietnam, na swona u ve musunguri na muhleri wa nyuziphepha ya ''Washington Free Press'', leyi a a ku ri nyuziphepha yo  humesiwa kambirhi hi vhiki, na swona a yi tekangi nkarhi wo leha ya ha ri kona.

Hi lembe ra1969, u ve a tsala matsalwa hyo paluxa mitirho yo biha ya CIA laha a nga paluxa mavito na tiadrese ta vatirhi va CIA vo ringana nhlayo ya 200. U ve a tirha tani hi muviki wa mahungu loyi a nga tirheki hi xitalo ku nga freelance journalist eUnited States, e-Europe na le South America. Exikarhi ka malembe ya 1972–1973, Blum a a tirha tani hi muviki wa mahungu etikweni ra [[Chile]] laha a nga vika hi mfumo wa Allende wa matshalatshala ya ku sungula soxalizimu ku nga &quot;socialist experiment&quot;. Exikarhi ka malembe ya1970s, a a tirha eLondon na loyi khale ka yena a a ri muofisara wa CIA Philip Agee na vanakulorhi va yena &quot;eka projeke ya vona yo paluxa vatirhi va CIA na vubihi byo homboloko lebyi va byi endla&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bill Blum's ZSpace Page |url=http://www.zmag.org/zspace/billblum |access-date=2018-12-17 |archive-date=2008-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531004211/http://www.zmag.org/zspace/billblum |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[[:en:Z Magazine|Z Magazine]]'' online, accessed May 31, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; A a tiwundla hi matsalwa ya yena no famba a vulavula lomu tikhempasi ta tikholichi.

Eka tibuku ta yena na tikholomu ta online, Blum u paluxe swinene vubihi bya mitirho yo tsalanganya matiko man'wana no vanga mpfilumpfilu eka matiko man'wana leswi swi endliwaka hi CIA na swikungu swo dlayetela vanhu leswi a va swi endla eka matiko man'wana. Noam Chomsky u ri tibuku ta Blum hi maendlelo ya vubihi bya CIA i to antswa swinene ngopfu eka nhloko mhaka ya vubihi bya CIA.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20869-our-leaders-do-not-mean-well |access-date=2018-12-17 |archive-date=2017-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115192422/http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20869-our-leaders-do-not-mean-well |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Blum u seketela pfhumba ra  Ralph Nader ra ku va presidente.&lt;ref&gt;Blum, William [http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2008/01/on-liberals-phil-agee-and-the-9-11-truth-movement/ On Liberals, Phil Agee, and the 9-11 Truth Movement], ''Dissident Voice'', January 14, 2008. Accessed May 31, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; U ve a sungula na pfhumba ro tsala matsalwa lama a ya humesa n'hweti yin'wana na yin'wana eka matsalwa lama a nga ma vitana&quot;The Anti-Empire Report&quot; lama a ma rhumela hi tiemeyili. Blum  u hlamusele xikongomelonkulu xa vutumi bya yena tani hi: &quot;Loko a nga koti ku heta American Empre kambe a kota ku yi nonokisa no yi tsotsombisa eka matirhelo ya yona ya vubihi . Ku ringeta ku vavisa xihontlovila lexi xa vubihi. Xihontlovila lexi xa vubihi ku nga American Empire, xa vavisa no twisa matiko ya [[misava]] ku va va ngopfu no onhetela emisaveni hinkwayo.&quot;

=== Xitatimende hi Osama bin Laden ===
Ekusunguleni ka 2006, Blum ku ve ku tsariwa hi yena ngopfu eka vamahungu loko Osama bin Laden a humesile xitatimende lexi a nga xi hangalasela hinkwavo eka public statement laha a nga tshaha eka matsalwa ya Blum no byeletela vanhu leswo vanhu va Amerika hinkwavo va fanele ku hlaya buku ya Blum ya nhlokomhaka leyi nge: ''Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower''. Hikokwalaho ka xitatimende lexi xa Osam bin Laden, nxavo wa buku leyi wu ve wu tlakuka swinene . &quot;Ndzi ve hlamala ngopfu no tshuka ku twa leswi Osama bin Laden a nga swi vula,&quot; Blum a nyiketa miehleketo. &quot;A ndzi tsakile. Ndzi swi tivile leswaku leswi swi ta pfuneta nxaviso wa buku, na swona a ndzi nga karhatekangi hi leswo xana i mani loyi a a vule marito lawa.&quot; Loko a ri na miehleketo  yo fana na ya mina yo venga mafambiselo yo biha ya pholisi ya US eka matiko man'wana, a ndzi nga ta holova na yena hi ku va a byerile vanhu ku hlaya buku ya mina. Ndzi ehleketa leswo i mhaka leyinene leswo u na miehleketo yo fana na ya mina eka mhaka leyi ya vubihi bya pholisi ya Amerika eka matiko man'wana &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=January 21, 2006|title=Bin Laden plug boosts book sales|work=Sydney Morning Herald|agency=Reuters|url=http://smh.com.au/news/world/bin-laden-plug-boosts-book-sales/2006/01/21/1137734175551.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka ku amukeriwa ka buku ya mina hi Bin, leswi swi fana na ku amukeriwa ka buku ya mina hi munhu wo tiveka wo fana na Oprah book.&quot; ku angula Blum eka mhaka leyi. Eka inthavhyu leyi a nga va na yona eka MSNBC ''Countdown'', u vule leswo: &quot;Hi ntiyiso wa mhaka, leswi vangelaka rivengo ra matheroristi eka Amerika, i pholisi ya tihanyi eka matiko man'wana. I swilo swa tihanyi leswi hi swi endleka eka matiko man'wana leswi endlaka leswo matiko ya misava ya venga mafambiselo ya hina eka vona. Leswi swi vuriwaka hi va ntsindza wa White House na leswi va hi byelaka swona leswo vanhu va venga nchunxeko na xidimokrasi xa hina, leswi va swi vulaka va ntsindza, i propaganda ya mavunwa ntsena.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Oliver|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2006/jan/23/osamabinladen|title=Osama bin Laden recommends|work=The Guardian|date=January 23, 2006|access-date=December 10, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi ti  ta Meyi 22, 2006 eka tsalwa ra nhlokomhaka leyi nge, &quot;Come Out of the White House With Your Hands Up&quot;, Blum u tsale leswo, &quot;Ku sukela loko bin Laden a bumabumele leswo vanhu va Amerika va fanele ku hlaya buku ya mina hi ti 19 ta Januwari (Sunguti), a ndzi si tshama ndzi rhambia na kan'we lomu tikholichi ku ta nyiketa mimbulavulo. . . . Hambiloko hakanyingi, nkarhi lowu wa Januwari-Meyi wu va ka nkarhi lowu ndzi tshamaka ndzi ri bhizi ngopfu hi wona ku nyiketa mimbulavulo eka tikhempasi ta tikholichi.&quot;

== Ku lova ==
Blum u love hi ti 9 ta Disemba (N'wendzamhala), 2018 a a ri eArlington, Virginia u love hi ku tsandzeka ka tinso kidney failure ku tirha kahle, a a ri na malembe ya 85 na swona a a vavisekile endzhaku ka ku wa eka apartment eka tin'hweti timbirhi ta ku hundza.

== Tibuku leti a nga titsala ==
* 1986: ''The CIA: A Forgotten History'' (Zed Books) {{ISBN|0-86232-480-7}}ISBN{{ISBN|0-86232-480-7}}0-86232-480-7
* 2000: ''Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower'' ([http://www.commoncouragepress.com/ Common Courage Press]) {{ISBN|1-56751-194-5}}ISBN{{ISBN|1-56751-194-5}}1-56751-194-5
* 2002: ''West-Bloc Dissident: A Cold War Memoir'' (Soft Skull Press) {{ISBN|1-56751-306-9}}ISBN{{ISBN|1-56751-306-9}}1-56751-306-9
* 2003: ''Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II'', revised edition ([http://www.commoncouragepress.com/ Common Courage Press]) {{ISBN|1-56751-252-6}}ISBN{{ISBN|1-56751-252-6}}1-56751-252-6
* 2004: ''Freeing the World to Death: Essays on the American Empire'' ([http://www.commoncouragepress.com/ Common Courage Press])
* 2013: ''America's Deadliest Export: Democracy - The Truth About US Foreign Policy and Everything Else'' (Zed Books) {{ISBN|1-78032-445-6}}, {{ISBN|1-78032-445-6}}1-78032-445-6

== Minkhwekelo ya le handle ka Wikipediya ==
* [https://williamblum.org/ William Blum]
* [https://covertactionmagazine.com/index.php/2018/08/11/american-exceptionalism-the-naked-truth/ American Exceptionalism: The Naked Truth by William Blum] at [https://covertactionmagazine.com/ CovertAction Magazine]
* [https://www.counterpunch.org/author/qeph2sp/ William Blum's articles] at CounterPunch
* [https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/author/william-blum/ William Blum's articles] at Foreign Policy Journal
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120926014736/http://www.zcommunications.org/zspace/billblum William Blum's articles] at Z Communications (archive.org)
* [https://www.globalresearch.ca/author/william-blum William Blum's articles] at the Centre for Research on Globalization
* [http://www.catalystmedia.org.uk/archive/issues/nerve2/blum.htm ''America's most feared man''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604085418/http://www.catalystmedia.org.uk/archive/issues/nerve2/blum.htm |date=2019-06-04 }} Interview with Nerve Magazine, Issue 2, Summer 2003
* [https://www.counterpunch.org/2003/08/12/myth-and-denial-in-the-war-on-terrorism/ ''Myth and Denial in the War on Terrorism''] Article on CounterPunch, August 12, 2003
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061122081722/http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/blumcspan01282006/ ''William Blum in the Media Whirlwind''] Appearance on C-SPAN's call-in show ''Washington Journal, '' Jan. 28, 2006

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

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{{Lifetime|1933|2018|William Blum}}</text>
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    <title>Category:Turkey</title>
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      <timestamp>2018-12-26T07:34:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>86.134.244.7</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ALL LIGHT WILL END</comment>
      <origin>33212</origin>
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  <page>
    <title>Thomas Chauke</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Kataliya23</username>
        <id>12473</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Music career&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324771947|Thomas Chauke]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6742" sha1="kgqlroktotxcimj65gadr7m0x82cjmu" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
'''Thomas Hasani &quot;Shinyori&quot; Chauke''' (4 [[Nyenyenyani]] 1952) i nqambhi na muhumelerisi wa vunanga wa le Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.citypress.co.za/entertainment/tsonga-disco-king/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119114442/http://www.citypress.co.za/entertainment/tsonga-disco-king/ |archivedate=19 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Chauke urhwexiwe vu dokodela eka tindzimi ta Afrika, hikwalaho ka leswi a hoxeke xandla eku akeni ririmi ra Xitsonga hi vunanga byakwe .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=http://drum.co.za/entertainment/at-home-with-thomas-chauke/ |title=At home with Thomas Chauke |publisher=DRUM |date=2013-05-25 |accessdate=2017-01-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ta vutomi byakwe ==
Chauke u tswariwe e mugangeni wa Salema ( e Saselamani ) lowu kumekaka e xifundzheni xa [[Limpopo]], e Afrika Dzonga. U sukele xikolo ahari a phurayimari, leswaku a ya sungula ntirho e femeni yo gaya mapa, edorobheni ra Heidelberg, e xifundzheni xa Gauteng, hi lembe ra 1969. Kusika kona u rhurhele e Alexandra hi lembe ra 1971, laha a tirheke ku hlayisa tindzhawu to hlambela na swirhapa swo tlanga thenisi, e dorobheni ra Sandton. Uhlanganile na malume wakwe loyi a a ri muchayi wa katara ya vunanga bya xitsonga, loyi a n'wi dyondiseke ku chaya. Endzhaku ka malembe mangari mangani, Chauke u thlelele e kaya laha a sunguleke ku ti hanyisa hi ku lunghisa swiya-nimoya, hi lembe ra 1978. Chauke anase a catile naswona arina n'wana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://samusicawards.co.za/profiles/blogs/mtn-sama-19-honours-sizwe-zako-dr-thomas-chauke-ralph-john-rabie- |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-05-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510202801/http://samusicawards.co.za/profiles/blogs/mtn-sama-19-honours-sizwe-zako-dr-thomas-chauke-ralph-john-rabie- |archivedate=10 May 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntirho wa vunanga ==
Chauke started his band with 13 singers from a shebeen in the late 1970s . After a few months, only five remained. They performed at school halls to raise money to go to [[Joni|Johannesburg]] and realize the recording dream. Chauke signed a contract to record with GRC. Under GRC, the music was branded Nyoresh. He moved to Wea Records, where he got a better deal and changed his music brand from Nyoresh to Shimatsatsa (&quot;a beautiful girl&quot;). In 1981, he recorded his first album called Shimatsatsa no. 1 under the burner name Thomas Chauke and Shinyori Sisters. Now he hands out awards yearly in the category: Dr. Thomas Chauke's Artist of the Year for Munghana Lonene Fm.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-04-03-music-veterans-to-be-honoured-as-sa-music-awards |title=Music veterans to be honoured at SA Music Awards &amp;#124; Arts and Culture &amp;#124; Music &amp;#124; M&amp;G |website=Mg.co.za |date= |accessdate=2017-01-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Chauke u sungule ntlawa wa yena ni vayimbeleri va 13 lava humaka eka Shebeen eku heleni ka malembe ya va 1970. Endzhaku ka tin'hweti ti nga ri tingani, ku lo sala ntlhanu ntsena. Va yimbelela etiholweni ta xikolo ku hlengeleta mali yo ya eGoli ku ya hetisisa norho wa ku rhekhoda. Chauke u sayine ntwanano wo rhekhoda na GRC. Ehansi ka GRC, vuyimbeleri a byi vitaniwa Nyoresh. U rhurhele eka Wea Records, laha a kumeke bindzu ro antswa kutani a cinca vito ra yena ra vuyimbeleri ku suka eka Nyoresh ku ya eka Shimatsatsa (&quot;nhwanyana wo saseka&quot;). Hi 1981 u rhekhodile alibamu yakwe yo sungula leyi vuriwaka Shimatsatsa no. 1 ehansi ka vito ra Thomas Chauke and Shinyori Sisters. Sweswi u nyikawa masagwadi ya lembe na lembe eka xiyenge lexi: Dr. Thomas Chauke  Artist of the Year eka Munghana Lonene Fm. Eka ntirho wa yena, Chauke u kume  yin'we ya dayimani, disiki yin'wana ya nsuku, ti disiki ta tsevu ta pilatinamu, khume n'we  wa ti diski timbirhi ta platinum na kaye wa ti disiki tinharhu ta pilatinamu.

== Masagwati na ku thlomiwa tinsiva ==

* Dokodela wa Filosofi, eka tindzimi ta Afrika, - Yunivhesithi ya Vhenda
* South African Music Awards (SAMA) - Uhluriwe no nyikiwa 13 wa masagwati.
* Munghana-Lonene FM Awards - Uhluriwe no nyikiwa 10 wa masagwati.
* Munghana-Lonene FM Awards - Sagwati rohlawuleka.
* MTN SAMA 19 Lifetime Achievement - Sagwati ra 2013
* Hi lembe ra 2014, xitichi xa [[Munghana Lonene FM]] xi sungule ntlawa wa masagwati lowu tchyiweke, Dr Thomas Chauke Album of the year &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.xitsongaonline.co.za/thomas%20chauke.html |title=Thomas Chauke Audio Streaming |website=Xitsongaonline.co.za |date= |accessdate=2017-01-05 |archive-date=2015-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119125532/http://www.xitsongaonline.co.za/thomas%20chauke.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vunanga byakwe ==
Chauke una kwalomu ka malembe ya kutlula 34 ari karhi aqambha, a hlela no yimbelela vunanga bya Xitsonga, naswona humese ti Albhamu leti landzelaka. 

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* Shimatsatsa No. 1- ''Nyoresh''
* Shimatsatsa No. 2 – ''Don't Be Surprised''
* Shimatsatsa No.3 – ''Bomber Mhlengwe''
* Shimatsatsa No. 4 - ''Shimatsatsa xa mina''
* Shimatsatsa No. 5 – ''Shikwamula Mazingi''
* Shimatsatsa No. 6 – ''Xibamuxa Movha''
* Shimatsatsa No. 7 – ''Suka Lovha''
* Shimatsatsa No. 8 – ''Ma jamble Sale''
* Shimatsatsa No. 9 – ''Humelela  M.K''
* Shimatsatsa No. 10 – ''Jim Na Jack''
* Shimatsatsa No. 11 – ''Hi Hanya kuvava''
* Shimatsatsa No. 12 – ''Buku Yi Hibyerile''
* Shimatsatsa No. 13 – ''Xifumi Na Lazaro''
* Shimatsatsa No. 14 – ''Suka Davulos''
* Shimatsatsa No. 15 – ''Kokwani Wa Wun'Wana''
* Shimatsatsa No. 16 – ''Sodoma Na Gomora''
* Shimatsatsa No. 17 – ''Bangi situlu''
* Shimatsatsa No. 18 – ''Mati-Endla'' (SAMA 1999-W)
* Shimatsatsa No. 19 - ''I Mutshiveri Muni?'' (SAMA 2000-W)
{{col-break}}
* Shimatsatsa No.20 – ''Magidi – Mbirhi'' (SAMA 2001-W)
* Shimatshana No. 21 – ''Mpfende Mpfende'' (SAMA 2002-W)
* Shimatsatsa No. 22 – ''Mugawula''
* Shimatsatsa No. 23 – ''Shimovhana''
* Shimatsatsa No. 24 – ''Madzolonga''
* Shimatsatsa No. 25 – ''Xidudla Kedibone''
* The Best Of Thomas Chauke – ''Volume 1''
* The Best Of Thomas Chauke Na Shinyori Sisters – ''Volume 2''
* Shimatsatsa No. 26 – ''Mavholovholo''
* Shimatsatsa No. 27 – ''Rejina''
* Shimatsatsa No. 28 – ''Swelemetee''
* Shimatsatas No. 29 – ''Xihloka Xa Maseve'' (SAMA 2010–Nom)
* Shimatsatsa No. 30 - ''Jehovha'' (SAMA 2011-W)
* Shimatsatsa No. 31 – ''Dokodela'' (SAMA 2013-W)
* Shimatsatsa No. 32 - ''Virus-Computer ya nhloko'' (SAMA 2014 -W)
* Shimatsatsa No. 33 - ''Basopa''
* Shimatsatsa No. 34 - ''Xiganga'' (SAMA 2017-W)
* Shimatsatsa No. 35 - ''Majagani''
{{col-end}}

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Hasani Thomas Chauke</title>
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      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Hasani Thomas Chauke]] to [[Thomas Chauke]] over redirect</comment>
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    <title>Swaziland</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
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      <comment>Aliwal2012 moved page [[Swaziland]] to [[ESwatini]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga</title>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-02T19:47:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>197.184.181.157</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 1994 - Sweswi: Huvo ya tindzimi ta Afrika Dzonga */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3305" sha1="rvzt3v8upoc6n3u5t8cbk9ormke9gqm" xml:space="preserve">'''Huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga''' (Xitsonga language board), i huvo leyi a yi rhangela no kongomisa vutsari na tidyondzo ta ririmi ra Xitsonga kusukela hi lembe ra 1938 kuya eka lembe ra 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Masunga|first=Sarah Hlekani|date=14 Dec 2007|title=Language management in South Africa : a case study of the Xitsonga Language Board|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30361|journal=|publisher=University of Pretoria|volume=|pages=37 - 74|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi lembe ra 1995, huvo leyi ku hlanganisa na tihuvo ta tindzimi tin'wana ta tiko, ti hangalasiwile naswona ku simekiwa Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (HATAD) hileswaku Pan South African Language Board (PANSALB) hi Xinghezi.&lt;ref name=ph1&gt;&quot;[https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/22093j0.pdf Board Notice 45 of 2001: Xitsonga Language Body]&quot; (March 2011) - '''Government Gazette'''- No. 22093, page 83. Retrieved 05 April 2019&lt;/ref&gt; Ntirho wa huvo leyi a ku ri ku kongomisa na ku langutela tindlela leti ririmi ra Xitsonga ri tirhisiwaka hi ximfumo, ngopfungopfu eka ku tsala na ku kandziyisa matsalwa na tibuku ku hlanganisa na vuhundzuluxeri. Ku ve na swivilelo swo hlaya mayelana na vuswikoti bya ku fikelela tipakani leti huvo yi tivekeleke tona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==Matimu ya vulanguteri bya ririmi ra Xitsonga==
===1875 - 1938: Varhumiwa va kereke ya Swisa===
Varhumiwa va kereke ya Swisa va hoxe xandla eka matshalatshala yo aka no simeka matsalele ya ririmi ra Xitsonga. Varhumiwa lava va simekile mapeletele ya Xitsonga va thlela va tsala tibuku ta swiletelo leti tirhisiweke ku dyondzisa eswikolweni swa vurhumiwa. Vafundhisi [[H. Berthoud|Berthoud]] na [[E. Creux|Creux]], va fikile va tshama exikarhi ka rixaka ra Vatsonga eka lembe ra 1873 naswona va hundzuluxile Bibele na tinsimu ta vukhongeri eka ririmi ra Xitsonga va ri karhi va pfuniwa hi wanuna wa Muchangana loyi a a tiviwa hi ra Zambiki, loyi a a vulavula Xitsonga xa Xinkuna.

Buku yo sungula ku kandziyisiwa hi ririmi ra Xitsonga ku ve '''''Buku ya Tšikwembo tšinwe ni Tisimo ta Hlengeletano''''' (1883), ivi ku landzela tin'wana tibuku ta vukhongeri. Varhumiwa va tikarhatile ku aka ririmi ra Xitsonga leswaku ri va ririmi leri tsariwaka, naswona va xopaxope xivumbeko xa ririmi kuya hi mavulavulelo na mapeletelo ya kona. Varhumiwa va tsarile no tirhisa tibuku leti landzelaka ku letela tidyondzo hi ririmi ra Xitsonga:

:#'''''Elementary grammar of the Thonga/Shangaan language''''' - yi tsariwe no kandziyisiwa hi [[H.A. Junod]] hi lembe ra 1907.
:# '''''Shangaan grammar''''' - yi tsariwe no kandziyisiwa hi [[H. Berthoud]] hi lembe ra 1908.
:# '''''Vuvulavuri bya Xitsonga yi nga milawu ya mavulavulele ya Xitsonga'''''  - yi tsariwe no kandziyisiwa hi [[H.A. Junod]] hi lembe ra 1929.

Hakunene, vuleteri na tidyondzo ta Vatsonga a ti kongomisiwa hi varhumiwa kufikela eka lembe ra 1938 loko ku ta simekiwa huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga ehansi ka ndzawulo ya dyondzo ya Transvaal.

===1938 - 1955: Huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga===

===1955 - 1977: Komiti ya ririmi ra Xitsonga===

===1978 - 1994: Huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga===

===1994 - Sweswi: Huvo ya Rixaka ya Ririmi ra Xitsonga (Huririxi) xi nga xiakiwa xa Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (Hatad)===

==Mitshaho==
{{Reflist|1}}

[[Category:Xitsonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tito Mboweni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>39046</id>
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      <timestamp>2024-10-12T21:56:04Z</timestamp>
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        <ip>2A02:8440:7158:3898:ECC8:53FF:FE8E:89FC</ip>
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      <text bytes="8034" sha1="0g659botcd7nuwczg1majy49rzzq6i5" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio|caption=Mboweni hi lembe ra 2011}}
'''Tito Titus Mboweni''' (u velekiwe hi ti 16 Nyenyankulu 1959 naswona u file hi October 12, 2024) eka nkarhi wa sweswi, i Holobye wa swa Timali eAfrika Dzonga ku nga [[Afrika-Dzonga|South Africa]]. Mboweni u ve Mugavhenara wa vunhungu wa South African Reserve Bank na Muntima wa sungula ku va eka xiyimo lexi eAfrika Dzonga. U funghisiwe ku va Holobye wa ta Timali ku sukela hi ti 9 Oktoboro 2018, ku landza endzhaku ka loko Nhlanhla Nene a surile ku va eka xiyimo lexi.&lt;ref name=&quot;BLive20181009&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2018-10-09-business-lauds-tito-mboweni-as-a-credible-finance-minister/ | title=Business lauds Tito Mboweni as a ‘credible’ finance minister | publisher=Business Day | date=October 9, 2018 | accessdate=October 10, 2018 | author=Menon, Sunita}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IOL17412803&quot;/&gt;

Mboweni hi wun'wana wa vasunguri va vuvekisi bya timali bya vabuti va ka Mboweni leyi ku nga Mboweni Brothers Investment Holdings na mutsundzuxi wa international advisor of Goldman Sachs International.&lt;ref name=&quot;Businessweek&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=25853585&amp;privcapId=874531 |title=Tito Mboweni |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= |publisher=[[Businessweek]] |accessdate=October 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; U langiwe ku va non executive Director wa Afrika Dzonga eka New Development Bank (BRICS Development Bank).

== Tavutomi byakwe ==
=== Malembe yosungula na tidyondzo: 1959 - 1980 ===
I n'wana lontsongo eka vana vanharhu, Tito Mboweni  u velekiwe hi ti 16 ta Machi (Nyenyankulu) 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.whoswho.co.za/tito-mboweni-925 |title=Tito Mboweni &amp;#124; Who's Who SA |publisher=Whoswho.co.za |date= |accessdate=2012-10-15 |archive-date=2018-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330220042/http://www.whoswho.co.za/tito-mboweni-925 |dead-url= }}&lt;/ref&gt; U kulele eTzaneen eka ndhawu leyi khale a yi vitaniwa Xifundzhankulu (Provhinsi) ya Transvaal. U dyondze eYunivhesiti ya N'walungu (University of the North) exikarhi ka malembe ya 1979 na 1980, laha a rhejistarele tidyondzo ta where Bachelor of Commerce degree.  A nga hetangi tidyondzo leti kona, kutani a suka Afrika Dzonga a ya eka exile hi lembe ra 1980.

=== Ta Politiki na vuholobye ===
Loko a ri eLesotho, u ve a joyina nhlanano wa African National Congress (ANC), leyi sweswi ku nga nhlangano lowu fumak eAfrika Dzonga, na swona a va na mafulufulu swinene eka nhlangano ehansi ka swiyimo swo hlayanyana. U ve a humelela tidyondzo ta Bachelor of Arts (Hons) eka economics na political science kumbe sayense ya swa tipolitiki eNational University of Lesotho hi 1985. Hi 1988 u humelele tidyondzo ta Master of Arts in Development Economics eUniversity of East Anglia eNghilandi..

Tito Mboweni u ve Holobye wa ta Mintirho ku sukela hi Meyi (Dzivamisoko) 1994 ku fikela hi Julayi 1998 eka khabinete ya Mupresidente wa South African ku nga tatana [[Nelson Mandela]]. Loko a nga si vekiwa tani hi Holobye wa ta Mintirho, a a ri, Xandla xa Nhloko ya Department of Economic Policy ku nga ndzawulo ya pholisi ya ikhonomi eka nhlangano wa ANC. U ve a tlhela a yimela ANC eka swiyenge swo hambana hambana endzeni ka tiko na le ka matiko ya misava He also represented the ANC. Tito Mboweni a a ri xirho xa Huvonkulu ya tiko ku nga ANC's National Executive and National Working Committees na swona a a ri mutshami-xitulu wa National Executive Committee's Economic Transformation Committee, leyi a yi kunguhata ku endliwa no hluvukisiwa ka tipholisi ta ikhonomi ta ANC. Loko a ha ri Holobye wa ta Mintirho, u ve a rhangela ntirho wa ku endliwa na nawu lowuntshwa wa ta mintirho endzhaku ka mfumo wa Xihlawuhlawu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Businessweek&quot;/&gt;

U ve wun'wana wa varhangeri matiko ya misava eka  World Economic Forums va mikarhi ya mundzuku hi 1995.

Hi 1997 Tito Mboweni u ve a langiwa ku va nhloko ya Ndzawulo ya ta Pholisi ya ANC lowu a wu langutana no fambisa no longoloxa kahle tiprosese na mafambiseloya swa pholisi swa ANC. Endzhaku ka ku joyina South African Reserve Bank, u ve a rhizayina eka swiyimo swa yena leswi a langiwe ku va eka swona eka ANC.

U joyine banginkulu ya South African Reserve Bank hi Julayi 1998 tani hi Mutsundzuxi wa mugavhenara ku nga Governor. Hi tai 8 ta Agasti 1999 u ve a teka xiyimo xa ku va mugavhenara endzhaku ka Dr. Chris Stals tani hi Mugavhenara lontshwa wa banginkulu ku nga Governor wa Reserve Bank. Hi nkarhi wa ku va mugavhenara, u ve a xiximiwa hi xiyimo xa ku va Profesa wa Economics eyunivhesiti ya Afrika Dzonga ku nga University of South Africa eka malembe ya 2000 ku fikela 2003. University of Natal yi n'wi xixime hi digri ya vudokodela ku nga Doctor of Economics, honoris causa. Digri leyi, u nyikiwe yona hi lembe ra 2001. Mugavhenara u hlawuriwe ku va Muchanselara wa University of the North-West kutani a vekiwa eka xiyimo lexi xa Vuchanselara ximfumo hi ti 23 Februwari 2002. Kasi University of Stellenbosch yi lange Mugavhenara tani hi Professor Extraordinary eka Economics nkarhi wa ku sukela hi ti 1 Apreli 2002 ku fikela 31 Machi 2005. Asia School of Business yi lange Mboweni eka Bodo ya Vagavhenara ku nga Board of Governors hi 2015. U landzeriwe eka xiyimo lexi xa vugavhenara hi manana Gill Marcus loyi a nga va Mugavhenara hi ta 9 ta Novhemba 2009.

Hi Juni (Khotavuxika) 2010, Mboweni u langiwe ku va mutsundzuxi eka xiyenge xa matiko ya misava ku nga  Adviser eka Goldman Sachs International, laha a nyiketa switsundzuxo eka swa tiophochuniti ta nhluvukiso wa mabindzu, kasi a langutana ngopfu na ndhawu ya Afrika Dzonga ku nga [[Afrika-Dzonga|South Africa]] na Sub-Saharan Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2010-04-26-tito-mboweni-joins-goldman-sachs |title=Tito Mboweni joins Goldman Sachs |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=April 26, 2010 |website= |publisher=[[Mail &amp; Guardian]] |accessdate=October 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi 2015, Mboweni‚ u vekiwe ku va muprofesara hi xiyimo xa vuxiximiwa ku nga honorary professor eka School of Economic and Business Sciences e- University of the Witwatersrand.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite news|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2015-07-30-mboweni-to-join-wits-university/|title= Tito Mboweni to join Wits University|accessdate=23 December 2017 |work=sowetanlive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi ti 9 ta Okthoba 2018, Mboweni u languwe hi Mupresidente Cyril Ramaphosa tani hi Holobye lontshwa wa ta timali wa Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga, ku sukela hi wona nkarhi wolowo hi xihatla&lt;ref name=&quot;IOL17412803&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/meet-tito-mboweni-the-new-finance-minister-of-sa-17412803|title=Meet Tito Mboweni, the new Finance Minister of SA|date=October 9, 2018|publisher=IOL|accessdate=October 9, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku landza ku tshika entirhweni ka holobye Nhlanhla Nene.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/news-just-in-nhanhla-nene-resigns-from-his-post-as-finance-minister-17412640|title=NEWS JUST IN: Nhanhla Nene resigns from his post as Finance Minister|date=October 9, 2018|publisher=IOL|accessdate=October 9, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nge-5 ka-Agasti ka-2021, uMboweni warhoxa njengoMphathiswa wezeziMali.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Minkhwekelo ya le handle ka Wikipediya ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070814004030/http://www.anc.org.za/people/mboweni.html Tito Mboweni biography], at African National Congress site, retrieved 2008-08-20

{| class=&quot;wikitable succession-box&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;&quot; |Ofisi ya politiki
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Urhangeriwe hi&amp;nbsp;by&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold&quot;&gt;[[Nhlanhla Nene]]&lt;/span&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width: 40%; text-align: center;&quot; |''' [[Holobye wa swa timali (Afrika Dzonga)|Holobye wa swa timali]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2018–2021
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width: 30%; text-align: center;&quot; |'''Ka hari yena holobye'''
|}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1959| |Tito Mboweni}}</text>
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'''Zwelakhe Sisulu''' (17 N'wendzamhala 1950 – 4 Nhlangula 2012) a a ri mutsari wa mahungu wa wantima wa [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]], muhleri, na musunguri wa nyuziphepha. A a ri president wa nhlangano wa Writers' Association of South Africa, leyi ka ndzhaku yi nga va Black Media Workers Association of South Africa (kumbe Mwasa), na swona u ve murhangeri wa xitereke lexi nga teka lembe hinkwaro hi lembe ra 1980 laha vatsari (tijenalisti) ta vantima a ti lwela leswo va kuma miholo leyinene. U ve wun'wana wa vaxanisiwa hi mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu eAfrika Dzonga, na swona u ve a bohiwa kanarhu hikokwalaho ka ntirho wa yena wa vutsari bya mahungu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Anthony |last=Lewis |title=Abroad at Home: To Destroy a Country |publisher=New York Times |date=14 April 1987 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Thloloe&gt;{{cite news|first=Joe |last= Thloloe |title=Zwelakhe Sisulu: leader black media could trust, 1950 – 2012 |publisher=Sunday Times (South Africa) |date=7 October 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=speech&gt;{{cite web|first=Zwelakhe |last=Sisulu |title=Statement by Zwelakhe Sisulu on the Occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the Founding of ARTICLE 19 |publisher=ARTICLE 19 |url=http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/other/statement-by-zwelakhe-sisulu-on-the-occasion-of-the-20th-anniversary-of-the-.pdf |type=speech |date=11 December 2008 |accessdate=2013-01-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Endzhaku ka loko mfumo wa Xihlawuhlawu wu herile, u ve muofisarankulu eka nhlangano wa swa vuhaxi bya Afrika Dzonga ku nga  South African Broadcast Corporation.&lt;ref name=activism&gt;{{cite news|first=Mark |last=Gevisser |work=The Mail &amp; Guardian |title=South Africa SA's Most Powerful Media Boss |publisher=Africa News |date=16 February 1996 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ya yena xiviri ==
Ndyangu wa ka Sisulu wu tiveka swinene hi xiavo xa wona xa ku lwa na mfumo wa Xihlawuhlawu eAfrika Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=John |last=Carlin |title=A family to make Pretoria tremble: Walter Sisulu will leave his cell to join a wife and son who have themselves been restricted |publisher=The Independent |date=1989-10-12 |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; A a ri n'wana wa nhenha yo lwa na mfumo wa Xihlawuhlawu, na xirho xa nhlangano wa African National Congress vatswari vakwe ku nga Walter Sisulu na Albertina Sisulu. A a ri makwavo wa Max Sisulu, Xipikari wa Huvo ya Palamende ya Tiko, naLindiwe Sisulu, loyi a a ri Holobye wa Vatirhela Mfumo na Vufambisi. Tatana wa yena u ve a nyiketiwa xigwevo xa ku tshama vutomi bya yena hinkwabyo ejele, lexi a nga gweviwa xona hi lembe ra 1964 loko Zwelakhe Sisulu a ri na malembe ya 13 ya vukulu.

Sisulu na nsati wa yena Zodwa va ve na vana va majaha vambirhi (2) na nhwana wun'we (1).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Matthew |last=Savides |title=Struggle icons bury Sisulu |publisher=Sunday Times (South Africa) |date=14 October 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntirho lowu a wu endla ==
Zwelakhe Sisulu u sungule ntirho wa yena wa vutsari bya mahungu ku nga journalism hi 1975 loko a sungule ku tirha tani hi mudyondzi wa ntirho eka va  South African Associated Newspapers. Endzhaku ka sweswo u ve mutsari wa mahungu (journalist) e''The Rand Daily Mail'' laha a tsala ngopfu hi timhaka ta mpfukelo wa mfumo wa vana va xikolo wa Soweto uprising hi lembe ra 1976 na swona u tirhe kwalaho ku fikela hi lembe ra 1978. A a ri muhleri wa mahungu wa phepha ra ''Sunday Post'' (South Africa) ku fikela laha a nga pfariwa nomu (ku beniwa) hi lembe ra 1980.&lt;ref name=Thloloe /&gt; Loko a ha tirha e''Sunday Post'', u ve a gweviwa ku ya ejele hi ku ala ku paluxa xihlovo xa vutivi xa mahungu ya wun'wana wa vaviki va mahungu, na swona u ve murhangeri wa xitereka xa vaviki va mahungu hi lembe ra 1980 kasi xitereka lexi xi endle leswo a beniwa no siveriwa ku endla ntirho wa journalism malembe yo hlayanyana. Endzhaku ka ku va a khotsweriwe endlwini yakwe, u ve a kuma basari ya  Nieman Fellow. Endzhaku ko heta fellowship hi lembe ra1985, u ve a tirhela ''Sowetan''. Hi lembe ra 1986, u sungule nyuziphepha ya ''New Nation'' (leyi yi nga tshika ku tirha hi ti 30 Meyi 1997),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=African National Congress of South Africa |title=South Africa: ANC Marks the Last Edition Of New Nation |publisher=AllAfrica |date=3 June 1997 }}&lt;/ref&gt; loko a nga si khomiwa hi maphorisa na swona a hoxeriwa ejele handle ko tengisiwa nandzu, tani hi xiyenge xa nawu wa nkarhi wolowo wo bohetela vanhu handle ko tengisiwa, lowu a wu vuriwa emergency laha ku nga khotsiwa vanhu vanyingi swinene hi mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu eAfrika Dzonga hi nkarhi wolowo. Nyuziphepha leyi a nga yi sungula, a yi fambisana swinene na nhlangano wa  African National Congress, na swona eka mashead ya yona a yi ri na marito lama nge: &quot;The media of the powerless.&quot; (Midiya ya lava va nga hava matimba). Eka nkarhi wolowo, a ku ri nyuziphepha yikulukumba ya vantima eAfrika Dzonga hi nkarhi wa kona.&lt;ref name=newnation /&gt; Endzhaku ka ku ntshunxiwa ekhotswene endzhaku ka malembe mambirhi ya ku khotsiwa handle ko tengisiwa, na la ndzhaku ka loko ANC yi pfumeleriwile, Sisulu u ve a tirha ehansi ka [[Nelson Mandela]] tani hi matsalani wa mahungu wa yena, na swona u ve mudayirektara wa swa mahungu wa African National Congress.&lt;ref name=activism /&gt;

Endzhaku ka mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu eAfrika Dzonga, Sisulu u ve nhloko ya swa vuhaxi bya Afrika Dzonga ku nga South African Broadcast Corporation in 1994.&lt;ref name=activism /&gt;

Endzhaku ka ku tirha eSABC, Sisulu u sungule khampani ya New African Investments Limited, leyi yi tiviwaka tani hi bindzu ro sungula ra vantima  no hlomisa vantima hi matimba leri ri nga tsarisa tani hi bindzu ra vantima eJohannesburg Stock Exchange.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Sapa and Mkhulu Mashau |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/zwelakhe-sisulu-laid-to-rest-1.1402516#.UQcF1x2_J8E |title=Zwelakhe Sisulu laid to rest – South Africa &amp;#124; IOL News |publisher=IOL.co.za |date=14 October 2012 |accessdate=2013-01-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tin'wana ta tikhampani ehansi ka leyi a ku ri khampani ya ku phabhulixa (vukandziyisi) ya David Philip, Soweto TV na Primedia Broadcasting.&lt;ref name=speech /&gt;

== Migingiriko yakwe emasungulweni ==
Zwelakhe Sisulu a a balansa ntirho wakwe wa journalism a mafulufulu ya ku lwa na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu loko a ha tirha e''The Rand Daily Mail''. Hi lembe ra 1977, u ve presidente ya nhlangano wa Writers' Association of South Africa. Tani hi presidente u ve a rhangela machi ya vatsari va mahungu va vantima na vatsarikulobye, kutani a va a khomiwa a ya jele xinkadyana. Muhleri wa Sisulu u n'wi holovisile hi nhlamuselo ya yena ya leswo a a tirhisa ntshunxeko wa yena wa ku tihlanganisa na vatsari van'wana. Muhleri wa yena, u n'wi byele leswo, &quot;Ntirho wa wena a hi ku macha, kambe ku tsala.&quot;&lt;ref name=activism /&gt;

Sisulu u ve a tiviwa eka matiko ya misava ro sungula eka nandzu lowu a wu ri mayenana na ku landzeleriwa no salasariwa endzhaku ka vatsari va mahungu va vantima leswi swi endliwa hi vamfumo wa xihlawuhlawu. Loko a ri muhleri wa ''Sunday Post'' hi 1979, Sisulu u ve a tlhomiwa swivutiso hi va mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu hi xihlovo xa mahungu lexi xi nga tirhisiwa hi mutsari wa mahungu Thamsanqa Gerald Mkhwanazi. Sisulu u ve a khotsiwa ejele tin'hweti ta nkaye hi ku ala ku tirhisana na maphorisa eka mhaka leyi. Ku ve ro sungula laha maphorisa ya nga pfumela leswo ya rhekhoda tinqingho ta vatsari va mahungu exihundleni, leswi maphorisa a ya swiendla swinene hi nkarhi wolowo na swona vanhu vanyingi a va sola swinene leswo maphorisa ya endla leswi leswi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Caryle |last=Murphy |title=S. Africa Increasingly Restricts Press |publisher=Washington Post |date=12 August 1979 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Xitereka na ku khomiwa ==
Zwelakhe Sisulu a a ri murhangeri wa yuniyoni ya vatirhi hi nkarhi wa xitereka xa Mwasa laha vatsari va mahungu va vantima a va terekela ku kuma miholo leyinene, hi lembe ra 1980. A ku ri xitereka xo sungula xa vatsari va mahungu va vantima.  Endzhaku ka loko xitereka xi herile, u ve a lahlekeriwa hi ntirho wa yena, na swona a beniwa a nga ha pfumeleriwi ku endla ntirho wa journalism, na swona a khotseriwa endlwini ya yena laha a nga pfumeleriwi ku tihlanganisa na vanhu van'wana malembe manharu ku fikela hi lembe ra 1983. Ku khomiwa ka Zwelakhe Sisulu hi ti 30 ta Juni 1981, swi ve swi hlanganisiwa na milawu ya vusirheleleki bya xihlawuhlawu ku nga  Internal Security Act. Varhangeri van'wana lava va nga khotsiwa ehansi ka milawu leyi a ku ri va Phil Mtimkhulu, Mathatha Tsedu, Subri Govende na Joe Thloloe.&lt;ref name=Thloloe /&gt;

U ve ehansi ka basari ya Nieman Fellow ku sukela hi 1984–1985.&lt;ref name=Thloloe /&gt;

== New Nation na ku khomiwa hi 1986 ==
Zwelakhe Sisulu u khomiwe ka mbirhi hi 1986.

Maphorisa ya n'wi khome ekaya ka yena ro sungula hi ti 27 Juni 1986. Ka ndzhaku Sisulu u ve a vula maphorisa lama tani hi &quot;tinsulavoya leti hlomeke.&quot; Mfumo wu ve wu tivisa ku khomiwa ka yena endzhaku ku vhiki. Vanhu vanyingi va muxe ka matiko va ve va kombisa ku vilela hi ku khotsiwa ka yena no susumeta leswo u fanele a ntshunxiwa, minhlangano leyi yi nga endla xivitanelo xa ku ntshunxiwa ka yena a ku ri minhlangano yo fana na American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE). U ve a ntshunxiwa hi ti 18 ta Julayi 1986.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Black editor abducted / Zwelakhe Sisulu in South Africa |publisher=The Guardian (UK) |date=28 June 1986 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Associated Press |title=U.S. Editors' Society Urges Pretoria to Free a Journalist |publisher=New York Times |date=29 June 1986 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Minister frees detained editor / New Nation newspaper editor Sisulu released by South African authorities |publisher=The Guardian (UK) |date=19 July 1986 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=allafrica&gt;{{cite news|first=Tami |last=Hultman |title=South Africa: Zwelakhe Sisulu – a Remembrance |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201210050366.html |publisher=AllAfrica |date=5 October 2012 |accessdate=2013-01-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Zwelakhe Sisulu a ve a langiwile tani hi mudayirektara wa Bodo ya nhlangano lowuntshwa wa ARTICLE 19 hi nkarhi wa ku khomiwa ka yena ra vumbirhi hi ti 12 ta Disemba 1986. U ve a khotsiwa handle ko tengisiwa a khotsiwa eJohn Vorster Square laha a ku pfaleriwe kona na vakhotsiwa van'wana va ku lwa na mafambiselo na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu.&lt;ref name=allafrica /&gt; Nhlangano lowu wu endla xiyimo xa yena xa ku khotsiwa tani hi pfhumba ra wona ro sungula. U ve a ntshunxiwa endzhaku ka malembe mambirhi kambe lomo a ntshunxiwa a nga pfumeleriwangi ku ya emahlweni na ntirho wa yena wa vuviki bya mahungu.&lt;ref name=newnation&gt;{{cite news|first=Victoria |last=Brittain |title=Editor says black South African paper is threatened with closure |publisher=The Guardian (UK) |date=7 December 1989 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Timothy |last=Findley |title=Writing: the pain and the pleasure The power to persuade is mitigated wherever you turn |publisher=Toronto Star |date=21 March 1987 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Endzhaku ka malembe, u ve a vula leswo ku hangalasiwa ka mahungu ya ku khotsiwa ka yena hi va minhlangano yo fana na e ARTICLE 19 hi nkarhi lowu a khotsiwile, swi ve swi poisa vutomi bya yena .&lt;ref name=speech /&gt;

== Va vuhaxi bya mahungu (SABC) ==
U ve mufambisi nkulu ku nga CEO wa swa vuhaxi bya Afrika Dzonga ku nga South African Broadcasting Corporation ku sukela hi Septembere 1994 ku ya eka 1997.&lt;ref name=allafrica /&gt; Ehansi ka vurhangeri bya Sisulu eka Afrika Dzonga ya xidimokrasi, SABC yi kunguhatiwe hi vuntshwa no vikiwa ximfumo nakambe hi ti 4 ta Februwari 1996. Ku ve na ku kwetlembetana hi ku aviwa ka swihlovo swa swipfuneto eka tindzimi tin'wana handle ka ririmi ra Xibunu (ra Afrikaans) leri a ku ri rona leri a ri kuma ku voneleriwa swinene ku tlula tindzimi tin'wana ehansi ka mfumo wa Xihlawuhlawu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first1=Jacquie |last1=Golding-Duffy |first2=Justin |last2=Pearce |title=South Africa Is TV Relaunching ... Or Re-sinking? |publisher=Mail and Guardian (Johannesburg) |date=19 January 1996 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ndzhaku Sisulu u ve a langiwa ku va mukhomixinara ku endla vulavisisi hi ku siveriwa ka mahungu man'wana, ku nga censorship eSABC, leswi swi nga vikiwa hi ndlela ya xihundla hi John Perlman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Ferial |last=Haffajee |url=http://www.swradioafrica.com/pages/sabcblacklist.htm |title=Inside the SABC blacklist report |publisher=Mail &amp; Guardian |date=13 October 2006 |accessdate=2013-01-28 |archive-date=2012-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418051846/http://www.swradioafrica.com/pages/sabcblacklist.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Masagwati ==
Sisulu u ve a nyikiwa awadi ya Order of Mapungubwe - Gold, endzhaku ka ku lova ka yena hi posthumously for &quot;ntirho wa yena wo hlamarisa swonghasi na ndzima leyi a nga yi tlanga eka khwaliti ya vuviki bya mahungu no humesela erivaleni tihanyi ta mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu xikan'we na ku khutaza vun'we bya vanhu va mianakanyo yo hambana hi swa tipolitiki leswo va lwela ntshunxeko.&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot;Govza&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.gov.za/speeches/president-jacob-zuma-bestows-2016-national-orders-awards-28-apr-20-apr-2016-0000 | title=President Jacob Zuma bestows 2016 National Orders Awards, 28 Apr | publisher=South African Government | date=20 April 2016 | accessdate=8 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkhwekelo ya le handle ka Wikipediya ==
* [http://zsisulu.wordpress.com/author/zsisulu/ In Memory of Zwelakhe Sisulu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316084418/https://zsisulu.wordpress.com/author/zsisulu/ |date=2016-03-16 }}

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1950|2012|Zwelakhe Sisulu}}</text>
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    <title>Bogotá</title>
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      <comment>Replacing Colpatria_at_Night.jpg with [[File:El_Liston,_Bogotá,_Bogota,_Colombia_-_panoramio.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:c::File:El Liston, Bogotá, Bogot</comment>
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[[File:El Liston, Bogotá, Bogota, Colombia - panoramio.jpg|thumb|300px]]

'''Bogotá''', [[Colombia]], Amerikha-Dzonga.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makhosi Khoza</title>
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      <comment>Khoza hi lembe ra 2014</comment>
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'''Makhosi Busisiwe Khoza'''i [[Afrika-Dzonga|Mu-Afrika Dzonga]] wa n'watipolitiki na loyi a a ri Xirho xa Palamende xa vandla ra ANC loyi a nga tirha tani hi mutshama-xitulu wa Portfolio ya Vutirhela-Mfumo na swa Tihofisi (Public Service and Administration). Khoza u tirhe eka Portfolio Committee ya Economic Development (Nhluvuko wa swa Ikhonomi). U tiveke ngopfu hi ku byela mupresidente Jacob Zuma leswo a suka eka xiyimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-07-20-00-makhosi-khoza-i-am-willing-to-face-discipline|title=ANC MP Makhosi Khoza: I'm not going to apologise. If they kill me, so be it|first=Dineo|last=Bendile|publisher=Mail &amp; Guardian|date=20 July 2017|accessdate=2 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dyondzo na khariya (ntirho) ==
U na digri ya PhD eka Public Administration na digri ya master's eka Social Science (Policy and Developmental Studies) yo huma eUniversity of Witwatersrand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/makhosi-busisiwe-khoza/|title=Dr Makhosi Busisiwe Khoza|publisher=People's Assembly|accessdate=13 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.tyi.co.za/news/local/dr-makhosi-khoza-an-unofficial-political-legend/|title=Dr. Makhosi Khoza. An unofficial political legend|last=Roodt|first=Tyler|date=2017-07-18|work=The Young Independents|access-date=2018-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; I fellow eka nhlangano wa Aspen Global Leadership Institute.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/makhosi-busisiwe-khoza/#experience|title=Makhosi Busisiwe Khoza|website=People's Assembly|access-date=2018-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi ku va na xipiriyoni eka mfumo na tikhampani, Khoza u tirhe eka Portfolio Committee ya Economic Development tani hi xirho xa  Palamende ku sukela  hi ti  4 Septembere 2017 ku fikela hi ti 21 Septembere ta lembe relero. Na swona a a ri xirho xa African National Congress (ANC), National Assembly, na xirho xa  AdHoc Committee xa ku langutana na ku langiwa ka Musirheleri wa Vanhu ku nga Public Protector.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hi ti 21 ta Septembere 2017, Khoza u tivisile ku rhizayina ka yena eka  ANC leswo a ta joyina matshalatshala yo lwa na mikhuva yo bola eka swa timali ta mfumo eAfrika Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-09-21-breaking-makhosi-khoza-leaves-anc-to-join-anti-corruption-organisation|title=Makhosi Khoza leaves ANC to work with anti-corruption organisation|date=21 September 2017|publisher=Mail &amp; Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi ti 1 ta Disemba 2017, Khoza u tivisile leswo u ta sungula vandla lerintshwa ra tipolitiki, vito ra rona ku nga African Democratic Change&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/makhosi-khoza-launches-new-party-vows-not-to-make-same-mistakes-as-anc-20171201|title=Makhosi Khoza launches new party, vows not to make same mistakes as ANC|date=2017-12-01|work=News24|access-date=2019-06-25|archive-date=2018-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619113402/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/makhosi-khoza-launches-new-party-vows-not-to-make-same-mistakes-as-anc-20171201|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; leri a ri ta vumbiwa hi mintlawa ya  16 mintlwa leyitsongoya tipolitiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-11-27-makhosi-khoza-returns-to-politics-to-help-form-new-party/|title=Makhosi Khoza returns to politics to help form new party|access-date=2017-11-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1742938/makhosi-khozas-message-to-those-opposed-to-her-new-party/|title=Makhosi Khoza's message to those opposed to her new party|work=The Citizen|access-date=2017-11-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khoza u ve a rhizayina eka vandla ra African Democratic Change hi ti 22 Epreli 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Makhosi Khoza resigns from politics|url=https://www.heraldlive.co.za/news/2018-04-22-makhosi-khoza-resigns-from-politics/|date=2018-04-22|work=The Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubantu alfabete ya ririmi ra XiZulu ==
Khoza i musunguri wa ririmi ra alfabete hi ku landza sisteme ya nandzeleriso leyi yi pfunaka ku dyondza ririmi ra  XiZulu. Khoza u tsarile buku ya textbook leyi yi tirhaka ku va xiseketelo xo tiya xa vutiviti eka swa lingwistiki hi ku tivisa mimpfumawulo yintshwa leyi landzelelanaku ku nga , Ubantu isiZulu Alphabetical Logic Order (UZALO). Buku ya yena ya textbook yi tirha tani hi makombandlela na thulusi ra tindzimi timbirhi leyi yi nga tirhisiwaka tani hi ndlela yo twisisa tindzimi ta Bantu to hambana-hambana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Khoza2017&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Khoza|first=Makhosi |title=Uzalo: IsiZulu Grammar Textbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4q8NugEACAAJ|year=2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-43061-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1970||Makhosi Khoza}}</text>
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    <title>Frene Ginwala</title>
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      <text bytes="6468" sha1="hig8nay2h9oaia6irn3rqmfvisgfkc8" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
'''Frene Noshir Ginwala''' (u velekiwe hi ti 25 Dzivamisoko 1932)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://apps.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_profile.jsp?id=4321 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-11-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121224170412/http://apps.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_profile.jsp?id=4321 |archivedate=24 December 2012 |df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a a ri mutsari wa mahungu (jenalisti) wa [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] a tlhela a va n'wapolitiki loyi a nga va Xipikara xa Huvo ya Palamede ya Afrika Dzonga ku sukela hi 1994 kuya eka 2004.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/ginwala,f.htm Frene Ginwala] from [http://www.sahistory.org.za/ South African History Online]. Retrieved 3 December 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Ginwala i Mu-Indiya wa Afrika Dzonga loyi a a ri wa vaaki va Parsi-[[Indiya|Indian]] va le vupeladyambu bya Indiya. U dyondzerile tidyondzo ta DPhil eLinacre College, Oxford.

Ginwala u ve a langiwa ku va muchanselara wa University of KwaZulu-Natal hi Epreli 2005. Hi wun'wana wa vamanana va mune ntsena va nga Tichanselara eAfrika Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/ukznchancellor.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-11-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913122235/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/ukznchancellor.asp |archivedate=13 September 2007 |df=}} The University of KwaZulu Natal's first chancellor - Dr Frene Ginwala&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ya yena ==
Ginwala u tsale tibuku to hlayanyana leti langutanaka na swa muzavalazo wo lwa na nkala vululami. Hikokwalaho ka matshalatshala ya yena, u xiximiwe hi tiinstituxini to tala ta matiko ya misava na ta kwala na mimfumo.

Hi ku tirhisa ku ka a nga tiveki, u tlange ndzima ya nkoka swinene ekusunguleni tindlela to baleka ta xihundla ta varhangeri va ANC na tikheyidara eka nkarhi wa ndzhakunyana ka ku dlayeteriwa ka vanhu eSharpeville na ku humesiwa ka nawu wa mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu wa xiyimo xa xihatla ku nga State of Emergency (SOE) hi 1960. Varhangeri lava a va katsa Xandla xa Presidente wa ANC ku nga Oliver Tambo na Yusuf Dadoo, varhangeri vambirhi va mapfhumba ya ntshunxeko. U ve a kondletela na tiyindlu kumbe tindhawu to tshama ta xihundla to sirheleleka eka lava a va fanele ku sala endzeni ka tiko. Ginwala a hamba a chayela movha wa varhangeri va NIC (Natal Indian Congress) ku nga Monty Naicker na J. N. Singh, lava a va tirha hi xihundla endzhaku ka loko va balekele ku khomiwa hi maphorisa. Swileriso swa vona a ku ri ku famba-famba na tiko eka xifundzhankulu (provhinsi) ku lavana na timali to seketela mindyangu leyi a yi sele evuswetini endzhaku ka loko ku khomiwe vawundli va yona ehansi ka nawu wa SOE lowu wu nga va etikweni tin'hweti ta ntlhanu.

Emakumu na yena u boheke ku sukela Afrika Dzonga ekuheleni ka lembe ra 1960, hi ku tirhisana na Tambo na Dadoo, va sungule hofisi ya ANC eDar es Salaam, Tanganyika leyi a yi ri hansi ka mfumo wa Vukoloni bya Brithani ku fikela hi ti 9 Disemba 1961. Ku susiwa ka mfumo wa Zanzibar hi 1963 swi pfule ndlela ya leswo ku sunguriwa mfumo wun'we lowu hlanganeke wa United Republic of Tanzania hi 1964. Na le handle ka ANC, u ve a endla na mintirho yin'wana yo anama eka migingiriko yo tala. A a dyondzisa valeteriwa va tidiplomati eOxford University, u tlhele a dyondza, a tsalela va midiya vo hlayanyana eUK vo fana na BBC. 
Frene Ginwala u pfunete ngopfu eka ku sunguriwa ka sisteme ya vuhlanganisi eRiphabuliki leyintshwa ya Tanzania na Zanzibar. Hi ku komberiwa hi Presidente Julius Nyerere, u ve muhleri wa le henhla wa nyuziphepha ya masiku ku nga  Standard, na Sunday News. Eka nkharhi hinkwawo lowu a a ri evuhlongoriweni (eka exile) laha (a nga vuya kona eAfrika Dzonga hi 1991) a famba na matiko ya misava a va byela hi maxangu ya ku xanisiwa ka vantima hi mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu na pfhumba ro lwa na xihlawuhlawu. 

Ginwala u na titayitela ta xiakhademiki to huma eka tiyunivhesiti to hlayanyana ta Afrika na matiko ya muxe ka malwandle. U ve barrister eka nawu, a va n'wamatimu, n'wasayense eka tipolitiki, no va na doctorate ya filosofi leyi a nga yi kuma eOxford University.

Eka nhlawulo wo sungula wa tiko wa xidimokrasi wa 1994 eAfrika Dzonga, Frene Ginwala u hlawuriwe ku ya ePalamende. U langiwe hi khokhasi ya ANC ku va Xipikara xo sungula xa munhu xa xisati eka Yindlu ya palamende. U ve eka xiyimo lexi exikarhi ka 1994 ku fikela 2004. 
Endzhaku ka loko a tekile mpecheni eka ku va xipikara, u ye emahlweni no tirha eka minhlangano yo hambana hambana ya matiko ya misava. ku katsa na minhlangano leyi nga hansi ka UN, ku va Trustee ya Nelson Mandela Foundation na ku va Muchanselara wa University of KwaZulu Natal.

Presidente Thabo Mbeki u lange Ginwala hi ti 30 ta Septembere 2007 ku endla ndzavisiso hi ku faneleka ka  Vusi Pikoli's ku va eka xiyimo xa ku va Mudayirektara wa Vuchuchisi bya tiko.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20070930082915337C878534 Ginwala appointed to investigate Pikoli] IOL&lt;/ref&gt;. U ve a kuma Pikoli a ri eka xiyimo lexinene, kambe u sorile swinene Dayirektara Jenerali wa Ndzawulo ya Vululami na Vumbiwa, Muadvhoketi Menzi Simelane, loyi a nga kuma vumbhoni bya yena byi ri lebyi kanatanaka na lebyi byi nga ri ku ntiyiso no va e nawini.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=93423 Report of the enquiry into the fitness of Advocate VP Pikoli] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817110831/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=93423 |date=2010-08-17 }} ''info.gov.za''&lt;/ref&gt;

U tlhele a va na marito ya vukarhi eka Jacob Zuma hi ku langa ka yena Simelane eka xiyimo xa ku va mudayirektara wa Vuchuchisi bya tiko ku nga National Director of Public Prosecutions.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20091206132433660C538180 Zuma failing to lead by example - Ginwala] ''IOL''&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swiyimo swa ku xiximiwa ==

* Hi 2003 u ve a nyiketiwa awadi ya ku xiximiwa ya  North-South Prize.
* Order of the Rising Sun (Japan), 2008.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citizen.co.za/index/article.aspx?pDesc=66659,1,22 &quot;Mbeki in Japan for conference on African development,&quot;] ''The Citizen.'' 27 May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkhwekelo ya le handle ka Wikipediya ==

* [http://www.freedomcollection.org/interviews/frene_ginwala/ Frene Ginwala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117093600/http://www.freedomcollection.org/interviews/frene_ginwala/ |date=2023-01-17 }} ''Freedom Collection'' interview

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1932| |Frene Ginwala}}</text>
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    <title>Sho Madjozi</title>
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'''Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif''' (Uvelekiwe 9 Mudyaxihi 1992), loyi a tivekaka hi ra '''Sho Madjozi''', i nqambhi, mutsari, mutsari wa vunanga na muthlokovetseri wa le tikweni ra Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref name=maya&gt;{{cite web|url=https://amdb.co/music/artist/sho-madjozi/|title=Sho Madjozi Biography|website=amdb.co|accessdate=5 May 2018|archive-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627230815/https://amdb.co/music/artist/sho-madjozi/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madjozi urhangisa ndhzavuko wa Xitsonga eka vunanga na ndhuma yakwe. 

Madjozi ukumile ndhuma endzhaku ka loko a humelerise alibhamu yakwe ya madyondza leyi thyiweke ''Limpopo Champions League'', leyi pfanganiseke mixaka yo hambana ya vunanga ku hlanganisa hip hop na vunanga bya Xitsonga.

== Ta vutomi na Migingiriko yakwe ==

=== 1992–2016: Masungulo ===
Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif u velekiwe hi ti 9 ta Mudyaxihi 1992, emugangeni wa Shelly, [[Limpopo]], Polokwane, naswona i n'wana wa Rosemary Phaweni na Marc Wegerif loyi a a ri mukongomisi  wa nhlangano wo ti yimela lowu a wu pfuna ku koxa miganga ya vona eka mfumo. I wa ndhzavuko lowu pfanganeke tani hileswi mhani wakwe anga mutsonga kasi tata wakwe a ri karhi apfa e tikweni ra Swidini.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/5-interesting-facts-about-sho-madjozi/|title=5 Interesting Facts About Sho Madjozi!|website=Peoples Magazine|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=2019-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202916/https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/5-interesting-facts-about-sho-madjozi/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madjozi u kurisiwe hi mana wakwe, endzhaku ka ku hambana ka vatswari vakwe. Madjozi una ndzisana eka mana wakwe. Tata wakwe uve na maendzo yo hlaya etikweni nkulu ra Afrika, naswona thlele a tirha e tikweni ra Tanzania laha a tirheke eka nhlangano ya Oxfarm, kunga laha Madjozi a yeke aya tshama kona loko ahari eka malembe ya kondlo andzidyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-11-16-00-sho-madjozis-musical-lineage-is-larger-than-large|title=Sho Madjozi’s musical lineage is larger than large|website=Mail &amp; Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uthlele a tshama xinkadyana e tikweni ra She also spent some time in [[Senegal]]. 

Endzaku ko heta tidyondzo takwe ta xikolo e tikweni ra Tanzania, Madjozi u nyikiwe sagwati ra tidyondzo kuya leteriwa e Mount Holyoke College e South Hadley, Massachusetts, e tikweni ra Amerika laha aa dyondzeke ti dyondzo ta vutsari na ta tiko-nkulu ra Afrika. Hi wona nkarhi lowu a sunguleke ku tsala vuthlokovetseri ari karhi a tirhisa vito ra vutsari ra MayaThePoet.&lt;ref name=&quot;bgc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dee|first1=Christa|title=Maya the Poet becomes Sho Madjozi: Tsonga rap and the preservation of home|url=http://www.bubblegumclub.co.za/maya-the-poet-becomes-sho-madjozi-tsonga-rap-and-the-preservation-of-home/|website=Bubble Gum Club|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=2017-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901175342/http://www.bubblegumclub.co.za/maya-the-poet-becomes-sho-madjozi-tsonga-rap-and-the-preservation-of-home/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swithlokovetselo na vutsari byakwe a swi voyamela eka swa tipolotiki, vumunhu na rixaka. Madjozi uthlelele e tikweni ra Afrika Dzonga lahal ayiseke e mahlweni na Yunivhesithi ya Afrika Dzonga (UNISA), laha a thleleke a tsalela tinqhambi talaha tikweni vunanga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author1=Tseliso Monaheng |title=Sho Madjozi is manifesting her pan-African dreams |url=https://www.thefader.com/2018/06/01/sho-madjozi-dumi-hi-phone-south-africa-interview |publisher=The Fader |accessdate=12 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Endzhaku ko thlelela e Afrika Dzonga, u sungule ku yimbelela no qambha vunanga a ri karhi a tirhisa vito ra vuqambhi ra  &quot;Sho Madjozi&quot;. Madjozi usungule ku tiveka loko atava a tirhisana na nqambhi leyi tivekaka ya rap kunga Okmalumkoolkat eka risimu leri nge &quot;Ngiyashisa Bhe&quot; na leri thlomiweke risiva leri nge, &quot;Gqi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://amdb.co/lyrics/okmalumkoolkat/ngiyashisa-bhe|title=Okmalumkoolkat - Ngiyashisa Bhe! Ft. Sho Madjozi Lyrics &amp; Video|website=AMDb|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=2019-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202918/https://amdb.co/lyrics/okmalumkoolkat/ngiyashisa-bhe|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sahiphopmag.co.za/2016/12/new-release-okmalumkoolkat-gqi/okmaluu/|title=New Release: Okmalumkoolkat - Gqi|website=SA Hip Hop Mag}}&lt;/ref&gt;


=== 2017–ku fikela sweswi: ''Limpopo Champions League'' ===
Hi Dzivamusoko wa 2017, Madjozi u sungule kutlanga eka ntlango wa Thelevhixini wa Mzansi Magic eka drama ya Isithembiso. U tlangile ari  Tsakane Mboweni – ximunuhatwa lexi a xihisekela tipolitiki ta machudeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/Sunday-Sun/sho-madjozi-gets-tv-role-20170709|title=SHO MADJOZI GETS TV ROLE!|website=Daily Sun|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=2019-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605220345/https://www.dailysun.co.za/Sunday-Sun/sho-madjozi-gets-tv-role-20170709|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Madjozi u humelerise Albhamu ya madyondza, &quot;Dumi HiPhone&quot; leyi a yi ayi endlenke na PS DJz, hi Dzivamisoko 28, 2017 naswona yi ve yi tsakeriwa swinene hi xitshungu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/dumi-hiphone|title=Dumi HiPhone by Sho Madjozi|website=Apple Music}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambi swiritano risimu leri ari hoxiwanga eka alibhamu yo hetelela leyi humesiweke. Uthlele avonaka eka nxaxamelo wa vunanga wa DJ Maphorisa  eka ''BlaqBoy Music Presents Gqom Wave'' (2017) laha ahlanganyeleke ku humelerisa risimu leringe &quot;Probleme&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/tracks/n5x9hz|title=Probleme (feat. Sho Madjozi &amp; DJ Hu Nose) - DJ Maphorisa Song|website=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ti 9 ta Nyenyankulu, 2018, u humese risimu ro rhangela leringe &quot;Huku&quot; eka alibhamu yakwe yo sungula ya ''Limpopo Champions League''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/sho-madjozi-finally-drops-new-single-huku/|title=Sho Madjozi FINALLY Drops New Single, Huku|website=Zkhiphani.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi 27 ta Khotavuxika, 2018, Trace Urban ''South Africa'' yi tivise vuxaka na Madjozi, naswona yi thlela yi n'win endla murhumiwa wa TRACE Mobile leyi yi nga khampani ya tinqingo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/sho-madjozi-trace-mobile/|title=WATCH THE FULL TRACE Mobile &amp; Sho Madjozi partnership launch|website=Zkhipani}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi Mhawuri, Madjozi xikan'we na muyimbeleri-kuloni Chris Martin vativise nothlela va hlamusela tindlela to nghenela Global Citizen Festival: Mandela 100, hi ku tirhisa YouTube vidiyo leyi yi hoxiweke eka inthaneti hi vaka Global Citizen. Endzhaku ka swona hi ti 2 ta N'wendzamhala, 2018, Sho Madjozi u humelele a thlela ya ya cina eka Global Citizen Festival: Mandela 100 leyi a yi rhangeriwe hi Beyonce and Jay-Z.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Hlalethwa |first1=Zaza |title=Global Citizen: Preaching the good news according to Madiba |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-04-global-citizen-preaching-the-good-news-according-to-madiba |accessdate=5 December 2018 |publisher=Mail &amp; Guardian |date=4 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Limpopo Champions League'', kunga albhamu ya Madjozi' ya madyondza yi humelerisiwe hi ti 14 N'wendzamhala, 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author1=Sabelo Mkabela |title=Listen to Sho Madjozi’s Debut Album ‘Limpopo Champions League’ Featuring Kwesta, pH, Makwa, Ycee and More |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/sho-madjozi-debut-album-listen/ |publisher=Okay Africa |accessdate=5 February 2019 |date=14 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alibhamu leyi yi thlele yi sekeriwa hi vhidiyo yo koma ya risimu leri nge &quot;Trickshot&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bona.co.za/sho-madjozi-releases-trickshot-film-for-valentines-day/|title=Sho Madjozi releases Trickshot film for Valentine's Day|website=Bona Magazine|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=2019-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202927/https://www.bona.co.za/sho-madjozi-releases-trickshot-film-for-valentines-day/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ti 1 ta Khotavuxika, 2019, Madjozi uhumelele eka swiyenge swimbirhi swa [[Nqhambi yintswa ya lembe]] na [[Alibhamu ya lembe hi nqambhi ya xisati]] eka masagwati ya South African Music Awards. Uthlele alanghiwa eka swiyenge swa: Vhidiyo hlawulekeke eka risimu ra &quot;Huku&quot; na Vunanga lebyi hlawulekeke bya Kwaito, Gqom &amp; AmaPiano hi alibhamu ya ''Limpopo Champions League''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-06-01-sho-madjozi-makes-her-mark-at-sama25/|title=Sho Madjozi makes her mark at #SAMA25|website=TimesLIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kasi hi ti 23 Khotavuxika, 2019, Madjozi uthlomiwe risiva eka ntsombano wa  BET Awards 2019 aka xiyenge xa Best New International Act.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/bet-awards-2019-sho-madjozi-complete-winners-list/|title=BET Awards 2019: Sho Madjozi wins big, complete winners list|website=The South African}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Xiyimo xakwe exikarhi ka vanhu ==
Madjozi utirhisa vutsonga byakwe eka vunanga na mambalele ya kwe. U ti nyungubyisa a nga ti pfinyingi hi ndzhavuko wakwe naswona u thlanga no cina a mbale sw'ambalo swa xitsonga. Madjozi u cina xibhelani arikarhi a mbale tinguvu erheveni, ivi a cinisa tsheve hindlela leyi tsakisaka vahlaleri.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.w24.co.za/Style/Fashion/Style/sho-madjozi-and-her-unique-style-sum-up-everything-thats-right-about-sa-right-now-20181206|title=Sho Madjozi and her unique style sum up everything that's right about SA right now|website=W24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2018/09/28/sho-madjozi-first-times-video|title=Sho Madjozi on Pitch Black Afro, bringing the Xibelani to the club, and more in First Times video|website=The FADER}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mutsari wa ndhuma Kenny Morifi-Winslow u vule leswi landzelaka loko ari karhi a bhumabhumela Madjozi, &quot;Ndzi ehleketa leswaku kuna kuhlohlotelana kokarhi loko, swiyenge leswi hi switsakelaka ngopfu hi tinqambhi ta hina kuri wsilo leswi hi ti tumbeteleke swona kumbe leswi hi ringeteke ku swi cinca eka hina vinyi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://thethirdcitizen.com/home/14/9/2017-2|title=Sho Madjozi: Heritage In The Here &amp; Now|website=IIIRD CITIZEN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ku horha misisi ===
{{Quote box|width=30em|align=right|quote=&quot;Misisi ya mina leyi horhiweke yi yimele Afrika wa mundzuku. Xivutiso heleswaku: Xana n'wana wa mu Afrika loyi a hanyaka eka misava leyi rharhangeneke, a a tava njhani loko ngi anga kavanyetiwanga hi mbitsi wa vukolonyi na Xihlawuhlawu? Misisi ya mina inhlamulo.&quot;|source=—Madjozi eka ta misisi yakwe&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|last=Browning-de Villiers|first=Sarah|title=#HERitage: Sho Madjozi on Braids|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/politics/heritage-sho-madjozi-on-braids/|magazine=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|date=March 20, 2019|accessdate=July 5, 2013|archive-date=June 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605173621/https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/politics/heritage-sho-madjozi-on-braids/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}Madjozi u tiveka ngopfu hi mahorhele yakwe ya misisi lama hlohloteriweke hi vasati va va Fulani na va Tuareg.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/sho-madjozi-rapper-global-100-style-profile-tsonga-south-africa-gqom|title=Tsonga Rapper Sho Madjozi Is the Radical New Poster Child for Pan-African Pride|website=Vogue}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma horhele lama ma hlohlotele vanwhana na vavasati  e Afrika Dzonga na swiyenge swin'wana swa misava hi lembe ra 2016 loko ata sungula ku tiveka. Uthlele a hlohloteriwa hi tinqambhi ta xisati ta ntlawa wa vunanga wa Boom Shaka, Thembi Seete na mufi Lebo Mathosa, ku hlanganisa na Thandiswa Mazwai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.w24.co.za/Style/Beauty/Hairstyles/sho-madjozi-on-all-things-hair-and-braids-20190320|title=Sho Madjozi on all things hair and braids|website=W24|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=2019-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325111308/https://www.w24.co.za/Style/Beauty/Hairstyles/sho-madjozi-on-all-things-hair-and-braids-20190320|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutomi bya kwe ==
Wegerif u tshama e Joni.&lt;ref name=&quot;W24&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Meet local fashion and rap sensation Sho Madjozi|url=http://www.w24.co.za/Fashion/Style/meet-local-fashion-and-rap-sensation-sho-madjozi-20170416|date=16 April 2017|website=W24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vunanga ==

; Ti Alibhamu

* ''Limpopo Champions League'' (2018)

; Tinsimu leti hlawuriweke

* &quot;Huku&quot; (2018)
* &quot;DumiHi Phone&quot; (2017)
* &quot;Wakanda Forever&quot; &lt;small&gt;(featuring Ycee)&lt;/small&gt; (2018)
* &quot;Don't Tell Me What To Do&quot; (2018)
* &quot;Kona&quot; (2018)
* &quot;Ng'yashisa Bhe!&quot; (with Okmalumkoolkat) (2017)
* &quot;Ay Baby&quot; (with Ms Cosmo featuring Rouge (Rapper) &amp; Moozlie (2018)

== Masagwati na ku hlawuriwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Lembe
!Nkhuvo wo thloma risiva!Prize
!Sagwati
!Ntirho/Muhluri
!Mbuyelo
|-Won
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | 2019
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[South African Music Awards]] 
| Best Female Album&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sho Madjozi makes her mark at #SAMA25|
url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-06-01-sho-madjozi-makes-her-mark-at-sama25/|website=TimesLIVE|accessdate=26 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Limpopo Champions League''
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Newcomer
| Yena n'wini
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Music Video
| &quot;Huku&quot;
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Kwaito, Gqom or Amapiano Album
| ''Limpopo Champions League''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[BET Awards 2019]]
| Best New International Act&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=FROM THE VILLAGE TO A SUPERSTAR: SHO MADJOZI WINS BET AWARD|
url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/06/24/from-the-village-to-a-superstar-sho-madjozi-wins-bet-award|website=ewn.co.za|accessdate=24 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Yena n'wini
| {{won}}
|-
|}

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1992| |Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif}}
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Tinqambhi ta Xitsonga]]</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>OLulamisile swihoxo swa matsalelo</comment>
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      <text bytes="1215" sha1="jeh70vopk265zs8d1hk7tqoruxpikwe" xml:space="preserve">[[File:PeanutButter.jpg|thumb|right|Xifaniso xa botere ya timanga]]
'''Xigugu''' iswakudya leswi swekiwaka hiku kandza mavele na timanga to oxiwa. Hi ndhavuko, mavela na timanga swi kadziwa hi ku tirhisa musi na tshurhi ro vatliwa. Xigugu xi lungiwa hi ku chela chukele na munyu hi ku pimanyisa.&lt;ref name=Malaza&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Molly Thembi |first=Malaza |date=31 January 2012 |title=The development, standardisation and acceptability of the traditional TsongaShangaan dishes, Xigugu and Xiendla hi vomu for use in ethnic restaurants |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/26577/dissertation.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |journal=University of Pretoria |access-date=26 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Xigugu xirhandziwa ngopfu hi vana loko va rindzerile ku fihlula. Xigugu xi nga dyiwa xiri xoxe kumbe xitirhisiwa tanihi botere eku swekeni. Xigugu xa hlwela ku bola, naswona hi xona xivangelo xa lexi a xiendla vanhu va xilonga loko va ta teka ri endzo ro leha. Botere ya timanga i hleketeleriwa leswaku vanhu vasungule ku yi tirhisa hikwalomo ka 1000 wa malembe kungasi tswariwa hosi Yesu. 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swakudya swa Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Swakudya]]
[[Category:Swakudya swa Vatsonga]]</text>
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        <ip>41.122.151.194</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rhavi eka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga */</comment>
      <origin>39525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21941" sha1="3t5krvjqz9qze400nm7891r8fk4nxyf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Swivongo
| name                       = Chauke
| title                      = Xinyori xa humba
| Afrika Dzonga         = &lt;small&gt;[[Phalaborwa]]{{·}}[[Tzaneen]]{{·}}[[Giyani]]{{·}}[[Joni]]{{·}}[[Pitori]]{{·}}[[Malamulele]]{{·}}[[Nkowankowa]]{{·}}[[Bushbuckridge]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Muzambhiki            = &lt;small&gt;[[Chokwe]]{{·}}[[Magudu]]{{·}}[[Maputo]]{{·}}[[Mabalane]]&lt;/small&gt;
| Swazini                   =
| Zimbabwe               =  
| Ntlawa                     = Vahlengwe
}}
'''Chauke''' i xivongo lexi kumekaka eka tindzimi ta laha [[Afrika Dzonga]], ku hlanganisa Xitsonga, Xipedi na Xipulana, laha hi ta hlamusela muti wa ka Cauke lowu kumekaka eka ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]]. eka Xitsonga muti lowu wu tiveka hi swi vongo swinharhu, kunga Chauke; Mabasa kumbe Xikwalakwala.

Ririmi ra Xitsonga ku hlanganisiwe Xitswa na Xirhonga, tiko ra Vatsonga i tiko ra Va-Tswa na Va-Rhonga kambe kuna ti xaka leti nga fika ti wela ehansi ka Vatsonga lava kunga Va-Tswa na Va-Rhonga.

Ti xaka leti amukeriweke ti weleke ehansi ka Va-Tswa na Va-Rhonga hi leti landzelaka, Va Ndau, Va Khalanga, Va Copi, na Va Ngoni.

Tswa  + Rhonga
Ts-wa + Rh-onga 
=Ts   +    onga
=Ts onga

== Xithopo xa muti ==
Xiphato/ Nhlawutelo ni Nkatsakanyo wo komba vunwe.

&lt;blockquote&gt;
''Vahlwengwe!'' &lt;BR&gt;
''vata hiku famba'' &lt;BR&gt;
''Xinyori xa humba vinyi va Mati'' &lt;BR&gt;
''Xisaka xa Mipfi Mana wa misava,'' &lt;BR&gt;
''Nyoxi ya Malwandla.'' &lt;BR&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Loko hi losa Tihosi ta hina hiri: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;
Xikoveleeeeeee!'' &lt;BR&gt;  
Xigombe!'' &lt;BR&gt; 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

leyi indlela yo kombisa kuti ntsongahata, Ku gimeta xivongo kumbe ku vuya e hansi.

== Matimu ya muti ==


Vuhosi-nkulu bya Chauke
Vufumi bya Chauke, lebyi tivekaka tani hi Mfumo wa Chauke kumbe mfumo wa Vahlengwe, i mfumo wa matimu lowu kumekaka laha sweswi kunga Afrika Dzonga ya manguva lawa. Mfumo wa Vahlengwe wu simekiwile hi rixaka ra Chauke, leri a ri ri xiphemu xa rixaka ra Vatsonga.

Matimu ya Mfumo wa Chauke ya tlhelela endzhaku eka malembe xidzana yo tala, naswona vafumi va wona va tlange swiphemu swa nkoka eka xiyimo xa tipolitiki na ntshamiseko wa xifundzha.

Va Chauke Dynasty a yi tiveka hi vurhangeri bya yona lebyi tiyeke ni vutshila bya yona bya nyimpi. Tihosi-nkulu ta ndyangu wa vuhosi a ti lawula tindhawu ta tona, ti hlayisa ku hleleka ni ku sirhelela matiko ya tona eka minxungeto ya le handle. Hakanyingi a va katseka eka tipolitiki ta xifundzha, va nghenela mintwanano, minkwetlembetano, na ku xaviselana na mimfumo ya vaakelani na tinxaka.

Vuhosi-nkulu bya Chauke hi ntolovelo a byi hundziseriwa ku suka eka tatana ku ya eka n'wana, ku landzela endlelo ra ku tlhandlamana ka ndzhaka. Tihosi-nkulu a ti ri na vutihlamuleri byo seketela mikhuva na mindhavuko ya vanhu va tona, xikan'we na ku tirha tani hi varhangeri va moya na tipolitiki.

Eka malembe xidzana hinkwawo, Mfumo wa Chauke wu langutane na mintlhontlho yo hambana hambana, ku katsa na ku hlasela, timholovo, na nkucetelo wa mimfumo ya le handle. Mintlhontlho leyi minkarhi yin’wana a yi endla leswaku ku va ni ku cinca ka matimba ni ku cinca endzeni ka ndyangu wa vuhosi. Hambiswiritano, Vuhosi bya Chauke byi swi kotile ku tiyisela no hlayisa vumunhu bya byona bya ndhavuko.


Vuhosi bya Chauke byi khome ndhawu ya nkoka eka ndhavuko na matimu ya Vatsonga. Ndzawulo ya vuhosi yi tiveka hi rixaka ra yona ra khale ra tihosi-nkulu leti nga tlanga swiphemu swa nkoka eka vulawuri na vurhangeri bya vanhu va Vatsonga.

Tihosi ta Chauke ti tekiwa tani hi vahlayisi va mindhavuko ya Vatsonga naswona va tala ku xiximiwa tani hi swifaniso swa vulawuri na vutlhari endzeni ka vona miganga. Hi ndzhavuko va khome swikhundlha leswi katsaka ku hlayisa maendlelo ya ndzhavuko, ku lulamisa timholovo, na ku langutela vuhlayiseki bya vanhu va vona.

Ndyangu wa vuhosi wa Chauke wu hlayise mindhavuko na mikhuva ya wona eka tinxaka, wu hundzisela vutivi na vutihlamuleri ku suka eka hosi yin'wana ku ya eka yin'wana. Vuhosi byitala kuva ndzhaka endzeni ka ndyangu wa ka Chauke, laha mufumi loyi a landzelaka a hlawuriwa exikarhi ka vatukulu.

rixaka ra Vahlengwe ri tiyisile riya tshama eka tindzhawu ta catchments ta le xikarhi ka nambu wa Sabie e Dzongeni na Nambu wa Sabie eN’walungwini malembe xidzana yo tala.

Xinyori u tlhandlamile tata wa yena Chauke tani hi Hosi-nkulu ya vuhosi bya Chauke, Xinyori u tlhandlamiwe hi nwana wa yena Bangwani tani hi Hosi-nkulu ya vuhosi bya Chauke, Bangwani u tlhandlamiwe hi nwana wa yena Mantsena tani hi Hosi-nkulu ya vuhosi bya Chauke. Mantsena u tlhandlamiwe hi n’wana wa yena Xigombe tani hi Hosi-nkulu ya vuhosi bya Chauke. Xigombe u tlhandlamiwe hi n’wana wa yena Xingwadza tani hi Hosi-nkulu ya vuhosi bya Chauke, Xingwadza u tlhandlamiwe hi n’wana wa yena Mayingani tani hi Hosi-nkulu ya vuhosi bya Chauke. Mayingani u tlhandlamiwe hi n’wana wa yena Xitanga tani hi Hosi-nkulu ya vuhosi bya Chauke, Xitanga u tlhandlamiwe hi n’wana wa yena Mukhumuli tani hi Hosi-nkulu ya vuhosi bya Chauke. Hosi-nkulu Mukhumuli Mabasa a nga tlhandlamiwanga hikwalaho ka ku onhiwa ka Yindlu ya Vuhosi hi ku hlaseriwa hi mimfumo ya le handle ya yuropa(Europe ) .

Hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa, loyi a tivekaka tani hi King Chauke, ari murhangeri wa ndzhavuko eka vaaki va Hlengwe e Afrika Dzonga ya namuntlha. A a ri hosi leyikulu ya vanhu va Hlengwe, lava nga xiphemu xa rixaka ro anama ra Vatsonga. Hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa a a tiveka hi vurhangeri na vuyimeri bya timfanelo na nhluvukiso wa vaaki va yena.

Tanihi murhangeri wa Ndhavuko, Hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa u tlangile xiave xa nkoka eka vutomi bya ndhavuko, ntshamiseko, na tipolitiki ta vanhu va Hlengwe. A a ri na vutihlamuleri byo lulamisa timholovo, ku hlayisa ku hleleka, na ku hlayisa ndzhaka ya ndhavuko wa vaaki va ka vona.

Hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa a ku ri Hosi-nkulu yo hetelela ya ntsheketo ya Vatsonga leyi a yi fuma Mfumo wa Thulamela. Hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa u susiwile hi matimba eka ndzhawu ya yena endzeni ka ndzhawu ya Kruger National park ya manguva lawa naswona anga tlhandlamiwanga hi vatukulu va yena hikokwalaho ka Mfumo lowu awu kavanyetiwa naku herisiwa hi ku hlaseriwa ehandle ngopfu ngopfu hi va European Nations lawa ayari eka mphikizano kuya tsemelana matiko (Annex territories) eka Africa ya manguva lawa laha van’wana ya tihosi ta le hansi ka Hosi-nkulu Mukhumuli Mabasa na vatirhisani va mabindzu va tirhise nkarhi wa ku fika ka swiyenge swa matiko ya le Yuropa eka xifundzha ku xandzukela vulawuri bya yena.

Hosi-nkulu Thulamela akuri hosi ya ntsheketo ya Vatsonga leyi ku tshembiwaka leswaku yifume vanhu va Venda e n’walungwini wa Afrika Dzonga ya namuntlha. Hosi Thulamela(Mukhumuli Mabasa) a a ri mufumi wo tlhariha na matimba loyi a nga simeka mfumo lowu humelelaka no hleleka kahle. Ku vuriwa leswaku u fume hi nkarhi wa ku rhula na ku humelela, laha mfumo wa yena a wu tiveka hi maendlelo ya wona ya vurimi ya xiyimo xa le henhla, vatirhi va mavoko lava nga na vutshila, na ti network ta mabindzu leti humelelaka.

Xin’wana xa swilo leswi xiyekaka leswi fambisanaka na hosi Thulamela i doroba leri thyiweke vito ra yena, Thulamela. Thulamela i ndzhawu ya vuyimburi leyi kumekaka en’walungwini wa Afrika Dzonga ekusuhi na ndzilakano wa Zimbabwe. Ndzhawu leyi yikumeke hiva 1990s naswona kutshembiwa leswaku i masalela ya ndzhawu yo rharhangana ya Iron Age leyi ayi humelela exikarhi ka 13th kuya eka 19th centuries. Vito ra 'Thulamela' ri nyikiwile ndzhawu leyi ku xixima hosi ya ntsheketo Mukhumuli Mabasa.

Ndzhawu ya Ntivo-misava: Hi ntolovelo mfumo lowu wu kombisiwa tani hi lowu kumekaka eka ndzhawu leyi sweswi yitivekaka tani hi dzonga wa Mozambique, dzonga vuxa bya Zimbabwe, na swiphemu swa Xifundzha xa Limpopo xa Afrika Dzonga. Ri katsa tindhawu leti ku tshamaka Vatsonga.

Vutlhari bya Hosi-nkulu Mukhumuli Mabasa: Hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa u tala ku kombisiwa tanihi mufumi wo tlhariha no lulama. A a tiveka hi vutlhari bya yena na vuswikoti bya yena byo endla swiboho leswi lulameke, leswi endleke leswaku a xiximiwa no tsakeriwa hi vanhu lava a va ri ehansi ka yena.

Thulamela akuri mfumo lowu avaneke hi timholovo ta le ndzeni na timholovo exikarhi ka tinxaka na tinxaka to hambana hambana. Vanhu a va hanya hi ku nonon’hweriwa loku nga heriki, ku ri ni ku phikizana ni vulala lebyi xungetaka ku handzula mfumo. Hosi-nkulu Mukhumuli Mabasa, loyi a tivekaka hi vutlhari na vudiplomasi, u teke ntirho wo chavisa wo hlanganisa vuhosi.

Hosi yi sungurile riendzo ro tsemakanya mfumo, yi endzela miganga yo hambana na ku nghenelela eka mbulavurisano na varhangeri na vayimeri va vona. U yingiserile hi vukheta swivilelo swa vona, a twisisa ku navela ka vona, a lava ku twanana exikarhi ka mintlawa yo hambana hambana.

Hi ku titwa ka yena ka ntumbuluko ka ku lulama na vululami, Hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa u tirhise tipholisi na migingiriko leyi hlohlotelaka ku katsa hinkwavo na vun'we. U simeke tiforamu ta mbulavurisano lowu pfulekeke, laha timholovo ti nga lulamisiwaka hi ku rhula. U hlohlotele ku cincana ka mindhavuko na ku tlangela loku a ku kombisa ku fuwa na ku hambana ka tinxaka na tinxaka to hambana ta Thulamela.

Ku kurisa ku titwa ka vumunhu na xikongomelo lexi avelaniwa, Hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa u sungurile tiphurojeke letikulu ta switirhisiwa leswi vuyerisaka mfumo hinkwawo. U ake magondzo, mabuloho ni tisisiteme to cheleta leti hlanganisaka swifundzha swo hambana-hambana ni ku antswisa ku fikelela swilo leswi nga kona. Tiphurojeke leti a ti antswisanga ntsena switirhisiwa swa vuhosi kambe ti tlhela ti tumbuluxa swivandlanene swa ntirhisano na ntirhisano exikarhi ka miganga leyi khale a yi avana.

Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, vanhu va Thulamela va sungule ku lemuka ndzhaka ya vona leyi a va avelana na vumundzuku byo fana. Va veke etlhelo ku hambana ka vona kutani va tirha swin’we leswaku va vuyeriwa hi vun’we bya mfumo. Ehansi ka vurhangeri bya vutlhari na vun’we bya hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa, Thulamela u vile na nkarhi wa ku twanana na ku humelela loku nga si tshamaka ku va kona.

Rifuwo na ku humelela ka Thulamela: Thulamela u tala ku hlamuseriwa tanihi mfumo lowu fuweke no humelela. Ku vuriwa leswaku a ku ri ntsindza wa mabindzu ni mabindzu, lowu a wu ri ni swilo swa nkoka ni vatshila lava nga ni vutshila. Ku humelela ka vuhosi ku vangiwa hi vulawuri bya vutlhari bya hosi Mukhumuli Mabasa.

Hosi-nkulu Xigombe, loyi a tivekaka hi vito ra Shigombe, i munhu wa nkoka eka matimu na mintsheketo ya Vatsonga. Ku tshembiwa leswaku a a ri Hosi-nkulu ya matimba no xiximiwa leyi a yi fuma vanhu va Vatsonga enkarhini lowu hundzeke.

Hi ku ya hi ntsheketo wa Vatsonga, Hosi Xigombe u tala ku kombisiwa tanihi mufumi wo tlhariha no lulama loyi a a xiximiwa no tsakeriwa hi vanhu lava a va ri ehansi ka yena. Ku vuriwa leswaku u kombisile vutshila lebyikulu bya vurhangeri na ku hoxa xandla ka nkoka eka vuhlayiseki na ku humelela ka vanhu va yena.

Switori na mintsheketo mayelana na Hosi-nkulu Xigombe swi tala ku kombisa vutlhari bya yena, vutlhari, na vuswikoti bya yena byo lulamisa timholovo. U tiveka hi ku avanyisa ka yena loku lulameke na ku pfumala xihlawuhlawu, naswona ku fuma ka yena ku tala ku fambelanisiwa na nkarhi wa ku rhula na ku twanana exikarhi ka vaaki va Vatsonga.

Hosi-nkulu Xingwadza, loyi a tlhelaka a vuriwa Shingwadza, i munhu wa nkoka eka matimu na mintsheketo ya Vatsonga. Ku tshembiwa leswaku a ri mufumi wo xiximeka na ku va na nkucetelo wa vanhu va Vatsonga.

Hi ku ya hi mindhavuko ya nomu na mintsheketo ya Vatsonga, Hosi Xingwadza a a tiveka hi vutlhari, vurhangeri, na vurhena. Hakanyingi u kombisiwa tanihi hosi leyi lulameke ni leyi lulameke leyi fumaka hi vutshembeki ni ku khathalela vuhlayiseki bya vanhu va yona. Ku fuma ka yena ku fambelanisiwa na minkarhi ya ku rhula na ku humelela.

Ku fana na vanhu vo tala lava humaka eka mindhavuko na mindhavuko ya nomu, vuxokoxoko byo karhi na switori mayelana na Hosi Xingwadza swi nga ha hambana eka miganga na swifundzha swo hambana swa Vatsonga. Switori leswi n'wi rhendzeleke swi hundziseriwa eka tinxaka, swi hlayisa ndzhaka ya yena na nkoka wa ndhavuko.

1. Vurhangeri na Vulawuri: Hosi Xingwadza u tala ku kombisiwa tanihi mufumi wo tlhariha no lulama loyi a fumeke hi vutshembeki. A a tiveka hi vutshila bya yena byo tiya bya vurhangeri na vuswikoti byo endla swiboho leswinene ku vuyerisa vanhu va yena. Ku tshembiwa leswaku u nyikile nkongomiso, a lulamisa timholovo, na ku hlayisa ku rhula na ku hleleka endzeni ka vaaki va Vatsonga.

2. Xivindzi na Vunhenha: Hosi Xingwadza u tala ku kombisiwa tanihi munhu wa xivindzi na xivindzi eka mintsheketo ya Vatsonga. Ku vuriwa leswaku u kombise swiendlo swa vutlhari eku sirheleleni ka vanhu va yena eka minxungeto ya le handle ni ku sirhelela swilaveko swa vona. Swiendlo swa yena swa vunhenha swa bumabumeriwa no tlangeriwa endzeni ka mindhavuko ya nomu ya Vatsonga.

3. Nkoka wa Ndhavuko: Hosi Xingwadza u khome nkoka wa ndhavuko endzeni ka vaaki va Vatsonga. Switori na mintsheketo ya yena swi tirha tani hi xihlovo xa nhlohlotelo, swi dyondzisa mimpimanyeto ya nkoka na tidyondzo eka tinxaka leti taka. U yimela miehleketo ya vurhangeri, vululami, na vuxiyaxiya, naswona ndzhaka ya yena yi tala ku vitaniwa ku nghenisa ku tinyungubyisa na vumunhu exikarhi ka Vatsonga.

4. Mindhavuko ya nomu: I swa nkoka ku xiya leswaku mahungu yo tala mayelana na hosi Xingwadza ya hundziseriwa hi mindhavuko ya nomu. Switori leswi swi avelanile no tlhela swi hlamuseriwa eka tinxaka, ku hlayisa ku tsundzuka na nkoka wa hosi Xingwadza endzeni ka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Vuhundzuluxi byo hambana na ku hambana ka switori swi nga va kona, leswi kombisaka tinhlamuselo na mavonelo yo hambana endzeni ka vaaki va Vatsonga.

5. Masungulo ya Vakokwana: Hi ku ya hi mindhavuko ya nomu ya Vatsonga, Hosi Xingwadza u tala ku tekiwa tanihi un’wana wa vakokwa wa masungulo ya vanhu va Vatsonga. Ku tshembiwa leswaku u tlangile xiave xa nkoka eku sunguleni ka ku simekiwa na nhluvukiso wa vaaki va Vatsonga.

6. Mpfilumpfilu na ku hlula: Switori swa hosi Xingwadza swi tala ku katsa switori swa mpfilumpfilu na ku hlula. Ku vuriwa leswaku u rhangele vanhu va yena etinyimpini to lwisana na mintlawa leyi phikizanaka kumbe minxungeto ya le handle, a kombisa vutshila bya yena bya vusocha na vuswikoti bya yena bya maqhinga. Hi vurhangeri bya yena, u kotile ku kuma ku hlula na ku sirhelela vaaki va Vatsonga.

7. Vutlhari na Vululami: Hosi Xingwadza u tala ku kombisiwa tanihi mufumi wo tlhariha no lulama, loyi a tivekaka hi ku avanyisa lokunene na ku lulama. Ku vuriwa leswaku u tlhantlhe timholovo ni timholovo exikarhi ka vanhu lava a va fumiwa hi vutlhari ni ku nga yi hi nghohe. Ndhuma ya yena ya ku teka swiboho hi vutlhari na vulawuri byo lulama swi endle leswaku a xiximiwa swinene exikarhi ka Vatsonga.

8. Minyikelo ya Ndhavuko: Hosi Xingwadza yi fambelanisiwa na ku hoxa xandla ka ndhavuko na maendlelo yo hambana hambana endzeni ka vaaki va Vatsonga. Leswi swi nga katsa ku tlakusa mikhuva ya ndhavuko, minkhuvo, na minkhuvo leyi ya ha tlangeriwa no tlangeriwa hi vaaki va Vatsonga na namuntlha.

9. Mintsheketo na Mintsheketo: Mintsheketo yo tala na mintsheketo swi kona leswi rhendzeleke Hosi Xingwadza, leswi yaka emahlweni swi fuwisa nkoka wa yena wa ndhavuko. Hakanyingi switori leswi swi kandziyisa vutlhari bya yena, vutlhari ni timfanelo ta yena ta vurhangeri. Swi nga ha tlhela swi katsa swilo swa ntsheketo kumbe leswi tlulaka swa ntumbuluko, leswi kombisaka ku hlangana ka yena ni xivandla xa moya kumbe matimba ya vakokwa wa vona.

10. Rixaka na Ntlhandlamano: Hosi Xingwadza u tala ku tekiwa tani hi xiphemu xa rixaka ra vuhosi kumbe vuhosi endzeni ka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Vatukulu na vatlhandlami va yena va tshembiwa leswaku va kume ndzhaka ya xiave xa yena xa vurhangeri naswona vayile emahlweni va fuma vaaki va Vatsonga endzhaku ka ku fuma ka yena. Rixaka ra vuhosi na ku tlhandlamana i nchumu wa nkoka eka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga na xitlhokovetselo xa matimu lexi rhendzeleke hosi Xingwadza.

11. Maendlelo ya Ndhavuko na Mimpimanyeto: Switori na mintsheketo ya hosi Xingwadza swi tala ku kombisa maendlelo na mimpimanyeto ya ndhavuko leyi a yi khomiwa hi Vatsonga. Leswi swi nga ha katsa tinhloko-mhaka to tanihi ku xixima vakulu, ku twanana ka vaaki, ku va ni xivindzi ni ku hlayisa mikhuva ni mikhuva ya ndhavuko. Hosi Xingwadza u voniwa tani hi xivumbeko xa mimpimanyeto leyi naswona u tirha tani hi xikombiso eka tinxaka leti taka.

12. Ntirho eka Mintsheketo na Switori swa Ntumbuluko: Eka vuhundzuluxi byin’wana bya ntsheketo wa Vatsonga na switori swa vutumbuluxi, Hosi Xingwadza u tlanga xiave xa nkoka. A nga ha kombisiwa tanihi nhenha kumbe munhu wa le tilweni loyi a hoxaka xandla eku vumbiweni ka misava kumbe ku simekiwa ka mikhuva yo karhi ya ndhavuko. Switori leswi swi ya emahlweni swi kombisa ku yelana loku dzimeke timitsu exikarhi ka hosi Xingwadza na ripfumelo ra ndhavuko wa Vatsonga.

13. Minkhuvo na Switsundzuxo: Eka miganga yo hambana hambana ya Vatsonga, ku nga va na minkhuvo yo karhi kumbe ku tsundzuka loku nyiketeriweke eka Hosi Xingwadza. Swiendlakalo leswi swi tala ku katsa minkhuvo, mintlangu, na minhlangano leyi xiximaka ku tsundzuka ka yena na ku tiyisisa vumunhu bya ndhavuko bya Vatsonga. Ti tirha tanihi swiendlakalo swa nkoka eka ku hlangana ka vaaki na ku hundziseriwa ka mindhavuko eka tinxaka letintshwa.

14. Nkucetelo eka Vutshila na Matsalwa: Switori na mintsheketo ya hosi Xingwadza swi hlohlotele ku kombisiwa ka vutshila byo hambana endzeni ka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Leswi swi katsa tinsimu ta ndhavuko, mincino, vutlhokovetseri, na vutshila byo vona lebyi kombisaka mintirho ya yena ya vunhenha na ku hoxa xandla. Hi ku tirhisa swivumbeko leswi swa vutshila, ndzhaka ya yena yi hlayisiwa yi hanya no tlangeriwa endzeni ka ndzhavuko wa ndhavuko wa vaaki va Vatsonga.

Hosi-nkulu Mayingani loyi a tlhelaka a tiviwa hi vito ra Mayengani i ximunhuhatwa xa ndhuma eka
ndhavuko na mindhavuko ya Vatsonga. Hi ku ya hi mindhavuko ya nomu ya Vatsonga,
hakanyingi u tekiwa tani hi un'wana wa tihosi-nkulu ta ntsheketo endzeni ka vaaki va
Vatsonga. 

Hi lebyi vuxokoxoko byin'wana lebyi fambelanaka na King
Mayingani:

1. Vurhangeri na ku tlhandlamana: Hosi Mayingani ku tshembiwa leswaku u tlhandlamile tata wa yena, hosi Xingwadza, tani hi mufumi wa vanhu va Vatsonga. U tekiwa tani hi munhu wa nkoka eka rixaka ra vuhosi bya
Vatsonga na ku ya emahlweni ka vuhosi bya vuhosi.

2. Vutlhari na Vululami: Ku fana na tata wa yena Hosi Xingwadza, Hosi
Mayingani u tala ku kombisiwa tanihi mufumi wo tlhariha no lulama. Ku vuriwa leswaku a
ri na vutlhari na timfanelo ta vurhangeri byo tiya, a teka
swiboho leswi lulameke na ku lulamisa timholovo exikarhi ka vanhu va yena.

3. Minyikelo na leswi a swi fikeleleke: Switori swa hosi Mayingani
swi tala ku kombisa leswi a swi endleke na ku hoxa xandla eka vaaki va
Vatsonga. Leswi swi nga katsa ku ndlandlamuxa ndhawu ya mfumo, ku simeka mintwanano na mintlawa ya vaakelani, kumbe
ku tirhisa maendlelo na mindhavuko ya ndhavuko.

4. Nkoka wa Ndhavuko: Ku fuma ka hosi Mayingani na ndzhaka swi na nkucetelo lowukulu eka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Vulawuri bya yena byi fambelanisiwa na
ku hlayisa na ku tlakusa mindhavuko, minkhuvo, na
mindhavuko ya Vatsonga, leswi na namuntlha swa ha tlangeriwa no tlangeriwa.

5. Mintsheketo na Mintsheketo: Mintsheketo yo tala na mintsheketo swi rhendzele
Hosi Mayingani, leswi yaka emahlweni swi tlakusa nkoka wa yena wa ndhavuko. Switori leswi swi tala ku n'wi kombisa tanihi nhenha, a nghenela tinyimpi,
a endla matshalatshala, kumbe ku hlula mintlhontlho leswaku a ta sirhelela
na ku tlakusa vanhu va yena.

Hosi-nkulu Xitanga yitlhela yitiveka tani hi Chitanga yi tlakukile eka vulawuri ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 19(19th century) naswona yi pfunetile ku ndlandlamuxa nkucetelo wa vanhu va Hlengwe laha sweswi kunga Dzonga(Southern Mozambique) wa Mozambique, Northern South Africa na Southeastern Zimbabwe. Tani hi mufumi loyi a rhangela kusuka eka Royal House ya Mayengani hosi Xitanga u kombisile vutshila bya vudiplomasi na vutshila bya masocha leswi tiyisa mintwanano naku tiyisisa tindlela to xaviselana eka Mfumo. Hiku tirhisa mintwanano leyi burisaneke xikan’we naku hlawula ku kombisa matimba loko swilaveka, hosi Xitanga u kotile ku hlanganisa tindzhawu totala letinga ehansi ka vulawuri bya Hlengwe loko ari karhi a hlayisa vuxaka byo rhula na ti polities ta vaakelani kufana na vakoloni va ma Portugal evuhuma dyambu. Ku fuma ka hosi Xitanga ku funghe nkarhi wa ku tiyisiwa na ku humelela eka va ka Hlengwe tani hi leswi va humelerile tani hi van’wamapurasi na vaxavisi lava hlanganisiweke hi nambu wa Zambezi. Vurhangeri bya yena byi pfunetile ku hlayisa vulawuri bya Hlengwe kuringana makume ya malembe swinene endzeni ka ndzhawu leyi ayi ya yi rharhangana hi tipolotiki leyi ayi kuceteriwa hi matiko ya vukoloni yale ribuweni. Kufikela namuntlha, Hosi Xitanga u tsundzukiwa tani hi Hosi ya manguva lawa yosungula leyi nga na nkucetelo loyi a fambisaka ku cinca hi vutlhari.

Hosi-nkulu Xitanga xa Mayingani settlement ruin yi siveriwile eka namuntlha Afrika Dzonga yi kumeka endzeni ka Kruger National Park e Phalaborwa e Xitanga (Sitzinga) ruin ekusuhi na Olifants na Tanda Bantu local settlements(marhumbi) yi siveriwile hi nkarhi wa yena tani hileswi swi kombisiweke eka mepe lowu dirowiweke hi voko wa 1905-1906 hi Col J. Stevenson-Hamilton eka buku ya ‘ A Cameo from the Past’ eka tluka 560.

== Rhavi eka swiyenge swa rixaka ra Vatsonga ==
Hi ku ya hi [[Henri-Alexandre Junod|Henri Junod]] va ka Chauke, va hlayiwa eka rhavi ra '''Va Hlengwe''' eka rixaka ra [[Vatsonga]]. Leri i rhavi Leri kulu eka ma rhavi ya mune lawa Junod a tsaleke ha wona.&lt;ref&gt;Henry Junod - Life of a South African Tribe - Vol 1, Pages 16 - 19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swivongo leswi yelanaka ==
#Makhanani
#Marhanele
#Msengi
#Mahatlani
#Mayayisi
#Mphuzi
#Ntsanwinisi
#Jajamba
#Mabasa
#Mongwe /Nyathi

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swivongo_Tsonga}}
[[Category:Swivongo_swa_Xitsonga]]</text>
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        <username>Gerd Eichmann</username>
        <id>6355</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>gallery added</comment>
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      <text bytes="510" sha1="c1burpsjqrtng846i391yq6bh7sh0i1" xml:space="preserve">Beijing(北京),Ntsindza-doroba [[Chayina]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery class=center caption=&quot;Beyijingi&quot;&gt;
Beijing-06-Hochhaeuser-2012-gje.jpg
Beijing-Tiananmen-18-Volkskongress-gje.jpg
Beijing-Verbotene Stadt-Halle der zentralen Harmonie-14-gje.jpg
Beijing-Verbotene Stadt-Halle der zentralen Harmonie-20-Stele-gje.jpg
Beijing-Lamakloster Yonghe-32-Halle der ewigen Harmonie-gje.jpg
Beijing-Konfuziustempel Kong Miao-32-gje.jpg
Beijing-Dao-Tempel Dongyue-088-gje.jpg
Beijing-Hutongquartier-12-Strasse-2012-gje.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>60</id>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Desfile_monte_aguila_2016_(3).jpg|Desfile_monte_aguila_2016_(3).jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Bedivere|Bedivere]] because: Copyright violation; see [[:c:COM:Licensing|Commons:Licensing]] ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1|F1]]).</comment>
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      <text bytes="534" sha1="8lwt8lrpcau35ztctgjyg6f7r5xsksd" xml:space="preserve">A [[dorobha]] ra [[Chile]].

[[File:Inauguracion Nueva Plaza de Monte Aguila 2017 (63).jpg|left|thumb|270px|Monte Águila]]


&lt;br /&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Inauguracion Nueva Plaza de Monte Aguila 2017 (12).jpg
File:Bomberos monte aguila.jpg
File:Img-estadio.jpg
File:Entrada x yumbel.jpg
File:Premiacion O.V.V. 2017 (4).jpg
File:Inauguracion Nueva Plaza de Monte Aguila 2017 (103).jpg
File:Inauguracion Nueva Plaza de Monte Aguila 2017 (14).jpg
File:Carros abandonados mte aguila.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{commons|Monte Aguila}}
[[Category:Chile]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6220" sha1="pwsntb54ugvnyj40lkphgmjxvk1z2lr" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:right; width:280px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%;&quot;
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:Salmon;&quot; | &lt;big&gt;'''Mughana Lonene FM'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;  |
{|
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;  | [[File:Munghana Lonene Logo.png|220px]]
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:Salmon;&quot; | '''Makomba Ndlela'''
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Ndzhawu ya vuhaxi:''' ||  [[Limpopo]], [[Mpumalanga]], [[Gauteng]] na [[North West]]
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Siku ro simekiwa:''' ||  1 [[Nyenyenyani]] 1965
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Vun'wini:''' ||  SABC
|-
| style=&quot;padding-left: 0.5em;&quot; | '''Tluka ra inthaneti:''' ||  {{Url|www.munghanalonenefm.co.za}}
|}
'''Munghana Lonene FM''' i xitichi xa vuhaxi eka Nhlangano wa Vuhaxi wa Afrika-Dzonga ('''[https://www.sabc.co.za/sabc/ SABC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510075050/https://www.sabc.co.za/sabc/ |date=2024-05-10 }}''') (South African Broadcasting Cooperation) xa ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]] e [[Afrika-Dzonga]]. Xitichi lexi xi haxela vayingiseri lava twaka ririmi ra Xitsonga, naswona minongonoko ya xona yi vumbiwa hi vuyimbeleri, tamaxelo, mahungu na mimbhurisano. &lt;ref&gt;SABC - Munghana Lonene FM (sabc-plus.com)&lt;/ref&gt;

Swin'wana swa swifundza leswi vuhaxi bya Munghana Lonene FM byi fikaka kona i [[Gauteng]], [[Limpopo]],[[Mpumalanga]], na tiko ra [[Muzambhiki]] ehandle ka Afrika-Dzonga.

== Matimu ==
{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:right; width:280px; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 85%;&quot;
|+'''Tindzhawu leti kumaka vuhaxi'''
| style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''Ndzhawu'''
| style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''Freq. MHz'''
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|Mbombela||align=&quot;center&quot;|89.4
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|Makhado||align=&quot;center&quot;|91.9
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|Gaba||align=&quot;center&quot;|91.3
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|Hoedspruit||align=&quot;center&quot;|92.0
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|Tzaneen||align=&quot;center&quot;|92.6
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|Pretoria||align=&quot;center&quot;|95.6
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|Mokopane||align=&quot;center&quot;|99.6
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Joni]]||align=&quot;center&quot;|103.2
|}
Hi ti 1 ta Nyenyanyana 1965, minongonoko yo sungula hi ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]] yi haxeriwe vayingiseri eka khale ka N'walungu wa Transvaal, ku suka etihovhisini ta vuhaxi ta SABC e [[Joni]], egonzweni ra, Commissioner Street. Vuhaxi lebyi byi tiveke hi ra Rhediyo Tsonga. Hi ti 1 Nyenyanyana 1984, Rhediyo Tsonga yi thlele yi haxiwa hi magandlati ya xiya ni moya yale xikarhi kusuka e Pietersburg (leyinga Polokwane). Hi ti 1 Mudyaxihi wa lembe rero, vuhaxi byi ndlandlamuxeriwe vayingiseri vale Soweto hi ku tirhisa xihaxi xa FM ehenhla ka muako wa SABC eAuckland Park. 

== Nongonoko ==
===Monday - Friday===
*00:00–05:00: Listeners Choice &amp; Catch-Up Programmes
*05:00–06:00: Phaphama - - [[DJ Brian]]; Connizer na Rhandzu Optimus (Sports)
*06:00–07:00: Tiko A Xietleli
*07:00–09:00: Phaphama - - [[DJ Brian]]; Connizer na Rhandzu Optimus (Sports)
*09:00–12:00: Gingirikani - - Lindhiva
*12:00–13:00: Afrika wa Vulavula - - Khalanga Pat Mathebula 
*13:00–15:00: Dzumba na Mina - - Khel Khel
*15:00–17:00: 326 Thwii - - Quintonizer; Khensani Nyango na Mzilikazi Nziane (Sports)
*18:00–19:00: Tiko A Xietleli 
*19:00–20:00: Ta Mintlangu - - Nyiko Sithole  
*20:00–21:00: Switiviso na mafu - - Beka Ntsan'wisi
*21:00–22:00: Swa tidyondzo - - Chichie N'wa Rivisi
*22:00–00:00: Gongomela - - N’wana N’wa Gee

===Saturday===
*00:00–05:00: Non-Stop Mixtapes
*05:00–06:00: Mina Hi Mina Omnibus
*06:00–07:00: Tiko A Xietleli
*07:00–09:00: Saturday Breakfast
*09:00–12:00: Top 30 (Switshongo) - - Thembzana Reloaded
*12:00–15:00: Rooitjie Rikhotso 
*15:00–18:00: Etimbaleni (Sports Live) - - DJ Matt
*18:00–21:00: New Music Space - - DJ Soulcrusher
*21:00–00:00: Emanembenembeni ya Hip Hop - - Mchangani

===Sunday===
*00:00–05:00: Non-Stop Mixtapes
*05:00–06:00: Mpfumawulo wa swilombe - - Ruth Maphophe
*06:00–09:00: Gospel Show - - Maningi wa ntamu
*09:00–12:00: Unplugged Sundays - - Thembzana Reloaded
*12:00–15:00: Soul Sensation - - Themba 'Techtonics' Chauke
*15:00–18:00: Etimbaleni (Sports Live) - - DJ Matt
*18:00–19:00: Tiko A Xietleli
*19:00–21:00: Sunday Revival - - DJ Soulcrusher
*21:00–00:00: Ta Mbilu yanga - - Mchangani

== Social Media ==
* Twitter  : @Munghana
* Facebook : Munghana Lonene fm: Makomba-Ndlela
* Instagram : munghanalonene
* YouTube   : Munghana Lonene FM

== Vuyingiseri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:500px; height:200px;&quot;
|+Ntsengo wa vayingiseri&lt;ref name=&quot;ramspresent&quot;&gt;[//www.saarf.co.za/rams-presentations SAARF RAMS (Presentations)]&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |
| style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''7 wa masiku'''
| style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''Ave. Musomb-Ravunthla'''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mudyaxihi 2013
|1 198 000
|755 000
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nyenyenyana 2013
|1 039 000
|670 000
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |N'wendzamhala 2012
|1 092 000
|704 000
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nhlangula 2012
|1 096 000
|696 000
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mhawuri 2012
|1 214 000
|657 000
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Khotavuxika 2012
|1 175 000
|635 000
|}

== Mintshaho ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Minkhwekelo ya le handle ==
# http://www.clumag.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1205&amp;Itemid
# http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2008/04/15/dj-brian-back-with-best {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307013747/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2008/04/15/dj-brian-back-with-best |date=2016-03-07 }}
# http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90779/90871/7038965.html
# http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/munghanalonenefm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806170206/http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/SABC/munghanalonenefm |date=2013-08-06 }}
# https://archive.is/20130421220015/http://www.rab.co.za/munghana-lonene-fm/

* Official website
* [http://onlineradiobox.com/za/munghana/ Munghana Lonene FM Live]
* [http://fmradiobuffer.com/munghana-lonene-fm-radio-online/ munghana lonene fm]
* [//www.saarf.co.za SAARF Website]
* [//www.sentech.co.za Sentech Website]

[[Category:Switichi swa vuhaxi]]
[[Category:Xitsonga]]</text>
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 |-
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 |} 
[[File:Crimson sunset.jpg|thumb|right|Mapapa yo tshwuka ni ndzhenga]]

Muvala wo '''Tshwuka''' i [[muvala]] lowunge makumu ka nxaxamelo wa magandlati ya rivoningo naswona wule kusuhi na gandlati ra [[rivoningo]] ra muvala wa Tshopi. Muvula lowu i muvala waxisimeko eka nkongomiso wa mavala wa RGB na CMYK. Kuna mindzhuti yo hambana hambana kusukela eka muvala wo tshwuka wu vangama kuyelana na [[xitshopana]], kuya eka muvala wo tshwuka wu rhomba kuyelana na [[xitshopi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A dictionary of color|last=Maerz|first=A|last2=Paul|first2=M. R.|date=1930|publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Co.|isbn=|location=New York|pages=|language=English|oclc=1150631}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Muvala wo tshwuka lowu vonakalaka empfhukeni hi nkarhi wa ndzhenga, wu vangiwa hi ku hangalaka ka miseve ya dyambu, kasi muvala wa misava yo tshwuka ya tintshava wu vangiwa hi muxaka wa maribye ya tsumani. Muvala wa ngati wuvangiwa hi swiaki swa hemoglobin, kasi muvala wo tshwuka wa mihandzu wu vangiwa swiaki swa anthocyanins.&lt;ref name=&quot;tree1044&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Archetti|first1=Marco|last2=Döring|first2=T. F.|last3=Hagen|first3=S. B.|last4=Hughes|first4=N. M.|last5=Leather|first5=S. R.|last6=Lee|first6=D. W.|last7=Lev-Yadun|first7=S.|last8=Manetas|first8=Y.|last9=Ougham|first9=H. J.|displayauthors=3|year=2011|title=Unravelling the evolution of autumn colours: an interdisciplinary approach|url=|journal=Trends in Ecology &amp; Evolution|volume=24|issue=3|pages=166–73|doi=10.1016/j.tree.2008.10.006|pmid=19178979|via=|last10=Schaberg|first10=Paul G.|last11=Thomas|first11=Howard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Muvala wotshwuka lowu kumekaka eka sava ra tsumani awu tirhisiwa ngopfu eka vupfapfarhuti bya khale bya mabaku. Va Egipta vakhale na va Maya, ava tsala swikandza swa vona hi muvala wotshwuka loko vari na minkhuvo; varhangeri va mavuthu ya nyimpi ya varhoma ava hlamisiwa miri yavon yi va ya muvala wotshwuka leswaku va tlangela ku hlula e nyimpini. Muvala lowu a wudume ngopfu e tikweni ra Chayina, laha a wutirhisiwa kutsala swibye swa vumba kuhlanganisa na mavati na marhangu ya miti.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Chinese red|last=Chunling|first=Y.|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|year=2008|isbn=9787119045313|location=Beijing|oclc=319395390}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hinkarhi wa nhluvuko na kuvonikeriwa e tikweni-nkulu ra [[Yuropa]], muvala  lowu awurhandziwa hi vanhu lava fuweke. Muvala lowu wuthlela wu tiveka tani hi mfungo wa nhlungo; Tiko ra [[Russia|Rhaxiya]] ri langhe muvala lowu leswaku wuva mujeko wa tiko enzdhaku ka nhlungo wa 1917, enzdhaku ka swona ku landzele matiko ya Chayina, Viyetinamu na man'wana matiko ya vukhomanisi.

Leswi muvala wotshwuka wunga wa ngati, wu talka ku ringanisiwa na magandzelo, madzolonga na vurhena. E matikweni ya Yuropa na le Amerikha, muvala wo tshwuka wu ringanisiwa na kuhisa, ku korhoka, kunyanyuka, ku kariha, rirhandzu na ntsako. E tikweni ra [[China|Chayina]] na [[India|Indiya]], kuhlanganisa na matiko yale vuxa-dyambu, muvala lowu wu yelanisiwa na ntsako na tinjombo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques|last=Heller|first=Eva|date=1948|publisher=Pyramid|isbn=9782350171562|location=Paris|pages=|oclc=470802996}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Mavala]]</text>
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 |} 

Muvala wa '''Tshopi''' i [[muvala]] lowunge xikarhi ka [[xitshopana]] na muvala wo [[tshwuka]] eka nxaxamelo wa mavala ya rivoningo. Mahlo ya vanhu ma kota ku vona muvala lowu loko va languta rivoningo leri ngana magandlati ya kwalomu ka 585 na 620 wa ti nanomitara. Eka vupfapfarhuti na tidyondzo ta mavala, tshopi wu endliwa hi ku hlanganisa xitshopana na [[wasi-lwandle]]. Muvala lowu wutoloveleke naswona wuthlela wutiviwa hi muvala wa muhandzu wa mulamula.

Muvala wa tshopi i muvala wa tikherotsi, makwembe, mihlata, malamula, na mihandzu kuhlanganisa na miroho yo hambanahambana leyingana Carotene. Carotene leyi yi hundzula matimba ya miseve ya dyambu leyi orhiweke hi swimilana, yiva swakudya swo kurisa swimilana.

E tikweni-nkulu ra [[Yuropa]] na tiko ra [[Amerikha]], muvala wa tshopi wu yelanisiwa na mafenya, ku kufumela, ndzilo, matimba, ku nantswa na kunyuwhela, nguva ya ximun'wana, naswona i muvala wa mujeko wa tiko ra [[Netherlands|Nedalendi]] na yindlu ya vukosi byakona ya  House of Orange. Wu thlela wutirhisiwa ngopfu hi mavandla ya tipolitiki lawa mangana mboyamelo wa vukreste.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuchamps2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Reuchamps|first=Min|title=Minority Nations in Multinational Federations: A Comparative Study of Quebec and Wallonia|date=17 December 2014|publisher=Routledge|language=English|isbn=9781317634720|page=140}}&lt;/ref&gt; E tikweni -nkulu ra Axiya, muvala lowu wu yelanisiwa ngopfu na vupfumeri bya vu[[Bhuda]] na vu[[Hindu]].&lt;ref&gt;Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques'', pp. 149–158&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Mavala]]</text>
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[[File:Bananas.jpg|thumb|right|Tibanana]]

Muvala wa '''Xitshopana'''(Kumbe '''Halandi''') i [[muvala]] lowunge xikarhi ka muvala wa [[tshopi]] na wa [[rihlaza]] eka nxaxamelo wa magandlati ya [[rivoningo]]. Muvala lowu wu vonaka loko magandlati ya rivoningo makhuluka exikarhi ka 570–590 wa ti nanomitara. I muvala wa xisimeko eka nkongomiso wa mavala wu tirhisiwa ngopfu eka ngandliso wa switsariwa. Eka nkongomiso wa mavala wa RBG, muvala wa xitshopana wu tirhisiwa ku vanga mavala eka tithelevixini na tikhompuyutara, naswona wu endliwa hi ku hlanganisa muvala wo [[tshwuka]] na wa [[rihlaza]] hi ku ringanana. Ti Caroteniod ti vanga muvala wa xitshopana eka matluka ya ximun'wana, tindzoho ta mavele, swiluva, maswira, mandza na minsenga, naswona ti kokela matimba ya miseve ya dyambu leswaku ti sirhelela mihandzu leyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;fasebj.org&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Armstrong | first1 = G.A. | last2 = Hearst | first2 = J.E. | title = Carotenoids 2: Genetics and molecular biology of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis |journal=FASEB J. |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=228–37 |year=1996 |pmid=8641556 |doi= |url=http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=8641556}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dyambu ri vonaka riri na muvala wa xitshopana loko ritsivuka kumbe ku pela, hikwalaho ka leswi xibhakabhaka xi hangalasaka miseve ya dyambu leyi ngana magandlati yo koma (Muvala wa rihlaza, wa wasi na wa vhangazi).

Hikwalaho ka ku tala ka sava ra [[tsumani ya xitshopana]], muvala lowu i wun'wana wa mavala lama tirhisiweke ngopfu ekusunguleni ka vupfapfarhuti; naswona baku rale Lascaux etikweni ra Furhwa rina pfupfarhuto wa hanci ya xitshopana, leyi tsariweke kwalomu ka 17,000 wa malembe lama hundzeke. Vumba ra tsumani a ritirhisiwa ku fananisa nhlonge ya nsuku e masirheni ya mabaku ya le Egipta, wuthlela nakambe wu tirhisiwa eka mipfapfarhuto ya marhangu ya mimiti ya xirhoma.&lt;ref name=&quot;webexhibits.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/antiquity.html%7cWebexhibits|title=Pigments through the Ages – Antiquity|publisher=|access-date=2019-08-05|archive-date=2018-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326160536/http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/antiquity.html%7CWebexhibits|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka tikereke to sungula ta vukreste, muvala wa xitshopana a wu yelanisiwa na [[mupapa]], ku katsa na mpfungulo wa nsuku wa mfumo, wuthlela wu yelanisiwa na [[Judasi Skariyoti]] naswona a wutirhisiwa ku funga vajagana. Eka lembe xidzana ra vu 20, mayuda aya sindzisiwa ku mbala [[xinyeletana xa muvala wa xitshopana]]. Khale ka tiko ra Chayina, muvala wa xitshopana wo vangama a wuri muvala wa mfumo naswona awu mbariwa hi hosi na ndyangu wale vuhosini ntsena, naswona va endzi vo hlawuleka va mfumo ava amukeriwa eka nguvo ya lehansi ya muvala wa xitshopana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Eva Heller 2000 p. 82&quot;&gt;Cited in Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques'', p. 82.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hikuya hi mbuyelo wa ku hlahluva mavonele ya vanhu e tikweni-nkulu ra Yuropa, tiko ra Khanada na ra Amerikha, muvala wa xitshopana wu yelanisiwa na mafenya, vunene, na ku ntshuxeka, kuthlandalmeta kwalano, wuthlela wu yelanisiwa na mona na vutoya.&lt;ref&gt;Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques'', pp. 69–86.&lt;/ref&gt; Etikweni ra [[Iran|Irani]], wu yelanisiwa na vuvabyi,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/culture/articles/festival_of_fire.php|title=Culture of Iran: Festival of Fire|website=www.iranchamber.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuthlela wu yelanisiwa na vuthlarhi na nkhomano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/mar/1051.html|title=Shades of doubt and shapes of hope: Colors in Iranian culture|website=www.payvand.com|access-date=2019-08-05|archive-date=2022-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221225744/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/mar/1051.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Etikweni ra Chayina, na matiko mn'wana ya tiko-nkulu ra Axiya, wuvoniwa tani hi muvala wo yelana na ntsako, kukwetsima, ntwanano na vuthlarhi.&lt;ref&gt;Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques'', pp. 69–86&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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    <title>Mutsari</title>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/121.144.4.46|121.144.4.46]] ([[User talk:121.144.4.46|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3217" sha1="ft841p2ykt4c4k1gr2uo4whr24gfeqh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:FF_The_Tempest_title.jpg|thumb|Tsalwa ra Shakespeare ra ''The Tempest'' hi lembe 1623.]]

'''Mutsari''' i munhu loyi a tirhisaka marito lama tsariweke hi vutshila byo hambana-hambana ku hundzisa makungu yakwe. Vatsari va tumbuluxa matsalwa yo hambana-hambana kuhlanganisa [[novhele|tinovhele]], [[xitori xokoma|switori swokoma]], [[vuthlokovetseri]], [[mintlangu]] kuhlanganisa na swiviko swa mahungu leswi nga tsakeriwaka hi xitshungu. Vatsari lava ngana ntokoto naswona lava kotaka ku tirhisa ririmi hundzisa makungu na marungula, hakanyingi va nyikela xandla e ku akeni [[ndzhavuko]] wa [[nhlangano wa vanhu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Magill |first1=Frank N.|title=Cyclopedia of World Authors|edition=revised  |volume=vols. I, II, III |year=1974 |publisher=Salem Press |location=Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey |isbn= |pages=1–1973}} [A compilation of the bibliographies and short biographies of notable authors up to 1974.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Riviti &quot;Mutsari&quot; rithlela ritirhisiwa hi tindlel tin'wana eka swa [[Vutshila]]  –  ku hlanganisa na mutsari wa vunanga  –  hambi swiritano riviti &quot;Mutsari&quot; ritirhisiwa ku hlamusela ntumbuluko wa ku tsala. Kasi vatsari van'wana va tirhisa ndzhavuko wa ku vulavula.

Vatsari vanga tumbuluxa matsalwa eka swiyenge swo hlaya, ku hlanganisa na    matsalwa ya xiviri na lawa yo vhumbhiwa. Van'wana vatsari vatirhisa swifaniso na vupfapfarhuti leswaku va entisa mahundzisele ya makungu yavona. Eka minkarhi ya swesi, vahlayi na vanhu lava tirhelaka ti hulumendhe va tskela ku hlaya matsalwa ya switori lawa ma hlavutelaka ti mhaka ta vutshila na sayensi hi ndlela leyi twakalaka. Van'wana vatsari vanga ha tirhisa vunanga lebyi pfanganisiweke na marito ku hundzisa marungula na makungu ya vona.&lt;ref&gt;Nobel prize winner ''Rabindranath Tagore'' is an example.&lt;/ref&gt;

A henhla ko tsala matsalwa, vatsari va thlela vatsala hi tindlela ta vutsari;&lt;ref name=Nicolson1&gt;{{cite book|last=Nicolson|first=Adam|title=When God Spoke English: The Making of the King James Bible|year=2011|publisher=Harper Press|location=London|isbn=978-0-00-743100-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; swivangelo;&lt;ref name=Blythe&gt;See, for example, {{cite book|title=Why I write: thoughts on the practice of fiction|year=c. 1998|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=0316102296|editor=Will Blythe}}&lt;/ref&gt; vathlela va xopaxopa matsalwa ya va'nwana.&lt;ref&gt;''Jonathan Franzen'', for example, criticised ''John Updike'' for being &quot;exquisitely preoccupied with his own literary digestive processes ...&quot; and his &quot;lack of interest in the bigger postwar, postmodern, socio-technological picture&quot; {{cite journal|last=Franzen|first=Jonathan|title=Franzen on Kraus: Footnote 89|journal=The Paris Review|date=6 September 2013|issue=206|url=https://medium.com/slush-pile/franzen-on-kraus-footnote-89-92335fb9c2e?postPublishedType=initial|accessdate=11 September 2013|archive-date=23 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423133400/https://medium.com/slush-pile/franzen-on-kraus-footnote-89-92335fb9c2e?postPublishedType=initial|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vatsari va thoriwa leswaku vatsala, kasi van'wana va sungula ku hakeriwa ntsena loko matsalwa ya vona ma gandlisiwile. 
&lt;br /&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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'''Ribungu''' i muvala lovu vangiwaka hi ku hlanganisa [[Muvala|mavala]] man'wana. Eka nongonoko wa mavala wa  CMYK  lowu tirhisiwaka eka vugandlisi na vupfapfarhuti, muvala wa ribungu wu tumbuluxiwa hi ku hlanganisa muvala wo [[tshwuka]], wa [[ntima]] na [[xitshopana]],&lt;ref&gt;Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, (2002), Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language'': &quot;A combination of red, blue, and yellow.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; kumbe muvala wo tshwuka, wa xitshopana na wa [[wasi]] .&lt;ref&gt;Oxford English Dictionaries On-LIne: &quot;Of a colour produced by mixing red, yellow, and blue, as of dark wood or rich soil&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Kasi, eka nongonoko wa mavala wa RGB lowu tirhisiwaka ku haxa mavala eka tikhompuyuta na ti thelevixini, muvala wa ribungu wu tumbuluxiwa hi ku hlannganisa muvala wo tshwuka na wa rihlaza hi ku pimanisa. Eka vupfapfarhuti, muvala wa ribungu wu vangiwa hi chela muvala wa ntima eka muvala wa tshopi. Ku hlanganisa mavala yo tshwuka-rihlaza-wasi swi endla muvala wa ridaka. Muvala lowu wa ribungu wo vonala ngopfu eka ntumbuluko, naswona wukona eka timhandzi, misava, misisi ya vanhu, muvala wa matihlo na muvala wa nhlonge. Ribungu i muvala wa timhandzi to tiyelela kumbe misava yo nona.&lt;ref&gt;''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary''; &quot;of a colour produced by mixing red, yellow, and blue, as of dark wood or rich soil&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Hikuya hi mavonele ya vanhu vale Yuropa na Amerikha, ribungu i muvala lowu nga rhandzekiku ngopfu tan hi leswi muvala lowu wu yelanisiwaka na ku nkwalala, ku bola na vusweti.&lt;ref&gt;Heller, Eva, ''Psychologie de la couleur' -effets et symboliiques'', (2009), p. 212-223.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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[[File:RGB illumination.jpg|right|thumb|Muvala wa rihlaza, wa wasi na wo tshwuka, imivala leyi tirhisiwaka ku tumbuluxa mavala hinkwawo.]]

Muvala wa '''Rihlaza''' i [[muvala]] lowu nge xikarhi ka wasi na xitshopana eka nxaxamela wa magandlati ya [[rivoningo]]. Wu vonakalo loko rivoningo ri ri na magandlati ya kwalomu ka 495–570 wa ti nonomitara. Eka vupfapfarhuti na ku gandlisa, muvala wa rihlaza wu tumbuluxiwa hi ku hlanganisa muvala wa [[xitshopana]] na wa [[wasi]], kumbe xitshopana na [[wasi-lwandle]]; eka nongonoko wa mavala wa RGB, lowu tirhisiwaka ku haxa mavala eka ti thelevixini na tikhompuyutara, muvala wa rihlaza, wo [[tshwuka]] na wa wasi i mavala ya xisimeko lama pfanganyiwaka hi mimpimo yo hambana-hambana leswaku ku tumbuluxuwa mavala hinkwawo lawa ma lavekaka eka vuhaxi. Tlilorofili imurhi-xiaki lowu vangelaka muvala wa rihlaza eka swimilana hinkwaswo eka ntumbuluko, naswona wu pfuna ku hundzula matimba ya rivoningo ra dyambu leswaku riva swakudya swa swimilana. Swi'nwa swiharhi swi tirhisa muvala lowu leswaku swi ti tumbeta.

Hi minkarhi ya khale e tikweni-nkulu ra [[Yuropa]], muvala wa rihlaza a wu yelanisiwa na vufumi, vaxavisi, vahlayisi va mfuwo na ti ndhuna, kasi muvala wo tshwuka a wu tala ku tirhisiwa hi vafumi na tihosi. Hixona xivangelo lexi endleke leswaku  [[Leonardo da Vinci]] a tirhisa rhoko ra muvla wa rihlaza ku pfapfarhuta xi faniso xa ''[[Mona Lisa]]'', kuhlanganisa na xivangelo xa leswaku switulu swa Phalamendhe ya Vanhu ya le [[Nghilandi]] swiri swa muvala wa rihlaza, kasi swa Yindlu ya tihosana swiri swa muvala wo tshwuka.{{sfn|Heller|2009|p=98}} Muvala lowu wu thlela wu tirhisiwa eka matimu wuri muvala wo yimela tiko ra Ireland. Imuvala wa xikhale wa vukhongeri bya [[Vusurumani]], naswona wu yimela swimilana swo tsakisa swa Paradesi. I muvala wa mujeko wa mu profeta Muhammad, naswona wu kumeka eka mijeko ya tala ya matiko ya vukhongeri bya Vusurumani.{{sfn|Heller|2009|pp=94-98}}

Eka nhlahluvo wa mavonele ya vanhu vale Amerikha, Yuropa na matiko ya vusurumani, muvala wa rihlaza wu yelanisiwa na ntumbuluko, vutomi, rihanyo, vuntshwa, ximun'wana, ntshembo na ku tshokoka.{{sfn|Heller|2009|pp=87–104}} E Yuropa na Amerikha, muvala lowu wu thlela wu yelanisiwa na vuxungu kumbe vuvabyi,{{sfn|Heller|2009|pp=96-97}} hilaha ku hambaneke, e tikweni ra Chayina na matiko ya Axiya, muvala wa rihlaza wu yelanisiwa na mbeleko na ntsako.{{sfn|Heller|2009|pp=87–104}} Hikwalaho ka leswi muvala lowu wu yelanisiwaka na ntumbuluko, muvala lowu wu tirhisiwa ngopfu hi minhlangano yo lwela no korhokela ku sirhelela ntumbuluko. Mavandla ya swa tipolitiki lama hlohloteriwaka hi nsirhelelo wa mbangu, matala ku thyiwa ma vandla ya rihlaza. Leswi swi vangele leswaku van'wamabindzu va navetisa tinhundzu ta vona leti nga xungetiki mbangu ti ri tinhundzu ta rihlaza. Muvala wa rihlaza hakanyingi wu twisisiwa tani hi muvala wo nyika mpfumelelo, lambhu ra rihlaza eka rhoboti yale magondzweni ri nyika mfpumelelo wo hundza, kasi karata ra rihlaza e tikweni ra Amerikha ri hlamusela mpfumelelo wa vuakatiko.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Mavala]]</text>
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    <title>Wasi-lwandle</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Xem thêm&quot; from the page &quot;[[:vi:Special:Redirect/revision/70994759|Cyan]]&quot;</comment>
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 |-
 | style=&quot;color:cyan; background: cyan;&quot; | Muvala wa Wasi-Lwandle 
 |-
 |[[File:Wirbelsäulenoperation OKM.jpg|250px]]
 |-
 | &lt;small&gt;''Swambalo swa madokodela na va ongori i swa muvala wa Wasi-Lwandle leswaku ngati yi nga vonakali ku tlula mpimo.''&lt;/small&gt;
 |} 
 
Muvala wa '''Wasi-Lwandle''' i [[muvala]] lowu nge xikarhi ka muvala wa [[rihlaza]] na wa [[wasi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cyan|title=Cyan - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', 5th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2002.&lt;/ref&gt; Wu vangiwa hi magandlati ya rivoningo lawa mangana kwalomu ka 490–520 wa tinanomitara hi ku anama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://physics.about.com/od/lightoptics/a/vislightspec.htm|title=Visible Light Spectrum - Overview and Chart|author=Andrew Zimmerman Jones|work=About|accessdate=30 September 2014|archive-date=3 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103185102/http://physics.about.com/od/lightoptics/a/vislightspec.htm|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eka nongonoko wa mavala wa CMYK , lowu tirhisiwaka eka vupfapfarhuti na vugandlisi, muvala wa Wasi-lwandle wu tirhisiwa ngopfu na muvala wa [[xitshopana]] na wa [[ntima]]. Kasi eka nongonoko wa mavala wa RGB , lowu tirhisiwaka ku haxa mavala eka tithelevixini na tikhompuyuta, muvala wa wasi-lwandle wu tumbuluxiwa hi ku pfanganyisa muvala wa rihlaza na wa wasi hi ntsengo wa ku ringana. Wasi-lwandle wu fambelana na muvala wo tshwuka; naswona wu nga tumbuluxiwa hi ku susa muvala wo tshwuka eka rivoningo ro basa. Kupfanganyisa  rivoningo ro tshwuka na ra wasi-lwandle swi vanga muvala wo basa.

Wasi-lwandle i muvala lowu yelanaka na mati naswona wu hlamuseriwa wuri na xindzhuti xa wasi-rihlaza.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Mavala]]

== Vona swo tala ==

* [[Danh sách màu|Nxaxamelo wa mihlovo]]</text>
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    <title>Wasi</title>
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 |-
 | style=&quot;color:blue; background:blue;&quot; | Muvala wa Wasi 
 |-
 |{{Photomontage|position=right|photo1a=2010. Донецк. Карнавал на день города 010.jpg|photo1b=Iranian Tiles 1.JPG|photo1c=Iranian Tiles 1.JPG|photo2a=Coronation of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castille 1223.jpg|photo2b=NASA Earth America 2002.jpg|photo2c=Copper sulfate.jpg|photo3a=The deep blue sea (6834127561).jpg}}
 |}
 
Muvala wa '''Wasi''' i wun'wana wa mivala yi nharhu ya masungulo leyi tirhisiwaka eka nongonoko wa [[Muvala|mavala]] ya vu pfapfarhuti, ku hlanganisa na nongonoko wa mavala wa RGB. Wu kumeka e xikarhi ka muvala wa [[vhangazi]] na wa [[rihlaza]] eka nxaxamelo wa magandlati ya rivoningo. [[Mahlo]] ma vona muvala lowu loko [[rivoningo]] riri na magandlati ya kwalomu ka  450 kuya eka  495 wa tinanomitara. Xibakabaka lexi pfumalaka ma papa, na tiva leri entenke swi vonakala swiri swa muvala wa wasi hikwalaho ka ku hangalaka ka miseve ya dyambu.

Muvala wa wasi i muvala wa nkoka eka swa ta [[vutshila]] na vusaseki kusukela khale ka khaleni. Maribye ya lapis lazuli lawa a mari ya muvala wa wasi, ama tirhisiwa tani hi vuhlalu byo saseka e [[Gibita|Egipta]] wa khale, naswona endzhaku ka swona hi nguva wa kuvonakala e [[Yuropa]], ama tirhisiwa ku endla muvala wa wasi-lwandle lowu a wu koxa ntsengo ya lehenhla swinene. Va pfapfarhuti va ma [[chayina]] a ava tirhisa maribye ya muvala lowu leswaku va endla pende ro sasekisa swibye hi muvala lowu. Eka nguva ya le xikarhi ya matumu ya tiko-nkulu ra Yuropa, vapfapfarhuti a va rhandza ku sasekisa mafasitere ya tikereke ta vukhongeri. Wasi wo zhwihala wu tirhisiwek ngopfu eka swa'ambalo swa [[vusocha]], kasi hi malenmbe xidzana ya vu 20, wu tirhisiwe ngopfu eka swambalo swa vamambindzu kufana na ti sudu. Leswi muvala lowu wu yelanisiwaka na vun'we, wu langhiwe tani hi muvala wa mujeko ya [[matiko lama hlanganeke]] na wa [[Nhlangono wa matiko ya Yuropa|Nhlangano wa matiko ya Yuropa]].&lt;ref&gt;Michel Pastoureau, ''Bleu – Histoire d'une couleur''&lt;/ref&gt;

Nhlahluvo wa mavonele ya vanhu e Amerikha na Yuropa makoba leswaku muvala wa wasi wu yelanisiwa na vun'we, kutshembeka, xitshembo, mphuka, laha kunga heriki, xirhami naswona hi minkarhi yin'wana gome.{{Sfn|Heller|2009|page=24}} E Amerikha na Yuropa, nhlanhluvo wa mavonele ya vanhu wu paluxe lesaku muhlovo lowu wu rhandziwa ngpfu hi vanhu va xinanun na vaxisati hi kwalomu ka xa mbirhi xa ntsengo.{{Sfn|Heller|2009|page=22}} Nhlahluvo wolowo wu thlele wu komba leswaku muvala wa wasi wu yelanisiwa na vununa, naswona wu thlela wu yelanisiwa na vuthlarhi, vutivi, ku dzika ka mi ehleketo.{{Sfn|Heller|2009|page=24}}

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Mavala]]</text>
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 |+ &lt;big&gt;Muvala wa Vhangazi&lt;/big&gt;
 |-
 | style=&quot;color:#8000FF; background:#8000FF;&quot; | Muvala wa Vhangazi 
 |-
 |{{Photomontage|position=right|photo1a=Améthystre sceptre2.jpg|photo1b=Chasublepurple.jpg|photo1c=CarolineRemy-Renoir.jpg|photo2a=Devon Violets. Viola odorata (33624079715).jpg|photo3a=Abbey de Senanque.JPG}}
 |}
 
Muvala wa '''Vhangazi''' i [[muvala]] lowu nge makumu ka nxaxamelo wa magandlati ya [[rivoningo]]. Muvala wa vhangazi wu na magandlati ya rivoningo la ma nge xikarhi ka kwalomu ka 380–450 wa tinanomitara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/specol.html|title=Spectral Colors|website=HyperPhysics site|author=Georgia State University Department of Physics and Astronomy|accessdate=20 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Eka vhilwa ra mavala leri a ritirhisiwa hi va pfapfarhuti, vhangazi a wuri exikarhi ka muvala wa [[wasi]] na muvala wa [[ncingwa]]. Eka tithelevhixini na tikhompuyuta, muvala lowu yelanaka ngopfu na muvala wa vhangazi wu endliwa hi pfanganya rivoningo ro [[tshwuka]] na ra wasi, laha rivoningo ra wasi ri hatimaka thlandla ka mbirhi eka lero tshwuka.

Eka ririmi ra xinghezi muvala wa vhangazi wu vuriwa &quot;violet&quot;naswona wuthyiwa hi kuya hi vito ra xiluva lexi ngana muvala wa vhangazi.&lt;ref name=&quot;color-wheel-artist.com&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20170508232015/http://www.color-wheel-artist.com/meanings-of-violet.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language'', The World Publishing Company, New York, 1964.&lt;/ref&gt; Muvala wa vhangazi na wa ncingwa i mavala lawa ma tikombaka ma fana, hambi swiritano ma hamban hi kuva vhangazi i muvala lowu nga ti yimela eka magandlati ya rivoningo, kasi muvala wa ncingwa wu tumbuluxiwa hi ku pfanganisa muvala wa wasi na wo tshwuka.

Eka matimu, vhangazi na ncingwa i mavala lawa ma yelanisiwaka ni vukosi. Vafumi va Rhoma wa khale ava ambala tinguvo ta muvala wa ncingwa. Kasi eka nguva ya ku vonikeriwa ka Yuropa, muvala wa vhangazi a wu ambariwa hi vafundhisi na vadyondzisi va tiyunivhesithi. Eka vupfapfarhuti va xichayina, muvala wa vhangazi a wu tirhisiwa ku hlamusela &quot;vun'we na ku thlandlukela vumbirhi-vumn'we bya yin na yang&quot; na &quot;Vun'we bya ntumbuluko hi nkwawo&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Varichon, Anne ''Colors:What They Mean and How to Make Them'' New York:2006 Abrams Page 138&lt;/ref&gt; Eka vukhongeri bya vubhuda na vu hindu muvala wa vhangazi wu yelanisiwa na hari ya Chakra.&lt;ref name=&quot;color-wheel-artist.com&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20170508232015/http://www.color-wheel-artist.com/meanings-of-violet.html&lt;/ref&gt; Hi kuya hi nhlahluvo wa ma vonele ya vanhu e Yuropa na Amerikha, muvala wa vhangazi wu yelanisiwa ngopfu na vusopfa na vuwexe, ku kanakana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Eva Heller p. 4&quot;&gt;Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques''. p.&amp;nbsp;4.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Mavala]]</text>
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      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[Mavala]] to [[Muvala]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Kyoto</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6025</id>
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      <id>37560</id>
      <parentid>36421</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-06-25T11:55:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>به جزایر قناری بگو</username>
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      <text bytes="235" sha1="ggl4n21z13bq1pbd5xlhgspaibz8zyx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Kyoto montage.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Kyoto]]

'''Kyoto''' i khale doroba-nkulu ra [[Japan]]. 
Ntsengo wavanhu : 1,467,702 (2019).  

[[File:Kinkaku3402CBcropped.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kyoto]]
[[Category:Japani]]
[[Category:Kyoto]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mufundhisi</title>
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'''Mufundhisi''' i murhangeri eka [[vukhongeri]], loyi a rhwexiweke ndzwalo wo endla mintirho yo hlawuleka, ngopfungopfu kuva mu vulavuleri exikarhi ka vanhu na [[xikwembu]], kumbe [[swikwembu]]. Vana ma timba yo endla mihivani ya vukhongeri, ki ku kongoma, ku hisa ma gandzelo, ku phahla xikwembu, kumbe swikwembu. Xiyimeko xa vona i xa kuva muprista, kunga rito leri tirhisiwaka ku hlamusela va rhangeri va vukhongeri hi ku angarhela.

[[Category:Vukhongeri]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Barney Pityana</title>
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      <comment>Pityana hi lembe ra 2008</comment>
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      <text bytes="385" sha1="cc8yrkq5w1xzkaxdxb9a2dhmw37h0cm" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio|caption=Pityana hi lembe ra 2008}}
'''Nyameko Barney Pityana''' (7 [[Mhawuri]] 1945) u velekiwe e [[Uitenhage]], e xifundhzeni xa [[Vuxa bya Kapa]]. U leteriwe e xikolweni xale henhla xa yunivhesithi ya le Fort Hare. I un'wana wa lava vanga sungula nhlangano ya machudeni ya SASCO. Nhlangano leyi uyi sungule xikan'we na [[Steve Biko]].

{{Lifetime|1945||Nyameko Barney Pityana}}</text>
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    <ns>14</ns>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1977</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Thicara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34258</id>
      <parentid>34257</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-25T15:36:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
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'''Thicara''' (kumbe '''Mudyondzisi''' kumbe, '''Muleteri''') i munhu loyi a pfunaka machudeni to hlengeleta [[vutivi]], vuswikoti kumbe vutshila.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caena&quot;&gt;For a review of literature on competences required by teachers, see F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers’ core competences:  
requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at {{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-01-08 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184019/http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf |archivedate=9 January 2017 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Munhu un'wana na un'wana a nga tlanga xiyenge xo va mudyondzisi (xik. loko u komba mutirhi kulori ku endla ntirho wo karhi).  E matikweni man'wana, ku dyondzisa vana swinga endliwa e handle ka mafambisele ya naw, kufana na dyondzo ya le kaya. Kasi mintirho yi n'wana yi nga hlanganisa ntsengo wo karhi wa vudyondzisi (xik. loyi a tirhaka hi vantshwa, mufundhisi).

E matikweni yo tala, vundyondzisi bya xi nawu byi endliwa hi mathicara lawa ma hakeriwaka. Tsalwa leri ri kongomise eka mathicara lawa ma thoriweke, kuri ntirho-nkulu wa vona, leswaku va dyondzisa van'wana eka tidyondzo ta xinawu e swikolweni kumbe tindzhawu tin'wana ta vuleteri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochrane&quot;&gt;for a useful discussion see, for example: Cochran-Smith,  M.  (2006): 'Policy,  Practice,  and  Politics  in  Teacher  Education',  Thousand  Oaks,  CA:  Corwin Press&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vudyondzisi]]</text>
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    <title>Nqambi ya Vunanga</title>
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'''Nqambhi ya vunanga''' (hi xiLatini [[wiktionary:compono|''compōnō'']]; leswinge  &quot;loyi a hlelaka&quot;) i n'wavunanga loyi a thlelaka ava [[mutsari]] wa [[vunanga]] byin'wana na byi n'wana, ku hlanganisa na tinsimu leti yimbeleriwaka (hi xiyimbeleri ku mbe khwayere), vunanga bya swichayana kumbe lebyi hlanganisaka vuyimbeleri na mpfumawulo wa swichayana.&lt;ref&gt;[http://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=Compositor «Compositor»] en el ''Diccionario de la lengua española'' de la RAE.&lt;/ref&gt; Nqambhi ya vunanga yi nga tumbuluxa vunanga byo hambana hambana, ku hlanganisa hi xikombiso, vunanga bya mpfumawulo ntsena, vunanga bya tiyetara, vunanga byo rila, vunanga bya ndzhavuko, vunanga bya Jazz na vunanga byo duma. Tinqambhi ti phofula mintirho ya tona hi ku tsala tinoti ta vunanga.&lt;ref&gt;Diccionario técnico de la música de Felipe Pedrell, p. 106, Barcelona, Isidro Torrel Oriol 1897, editorial Maxtor, 2009, ISBN 84-9761-637-5&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tinqambi to tala, hi xitalo tithlela tiva vachayi kumbe vayimbeleri lava ngana ntokoto va vunanga.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category: Vatsari]]
[[Category:Vunanga]]
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'''Vuhundzuluxeri''' i ndlela yo hundzisa nhlamuselo wa rungula/tsalwa ku suka eka [[ririmi]] rin'wana kuya eka rin'wana.&lt;ref&gt;''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'', Namit Bhatia, ed., 1992, pp. 1,051–54.&lt;/ref&gt; Muhundzuluxi anga ha tikuma hoxa marito kumbe ma tsalele ya ririmi ro sungula eka ririmi leri hunduluxeriwelaka. Hi hala thlelo, marito yo lombiwa ma tala ku fuwisa ririmi. Va hundzuluxeri, ku hlanganisa na vahundzuluxeri va khale va [[matsalwa yo kwetsima]], va pfunete ku kurisa no ndlandlamuxa tindzimi leti ava hundzuluxela eka tona.&lt;ref&gt;Christopher Kasparek, &quot;The Translator's Endless Toil&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XXVIII, no. 2, 1983, pp. 84-87.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hikwalaho ka nonoha ka ntirho wo hundzuluxa, ku sukela hi malembe ya 1940, ku endliwe ma tshalatshala ku olovisa vuhundzuluxi.&lt;ref&gt;W.J. Hutchins, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3dU5AAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Early Years in Machine Translation: Memoirs and Biographies of Pioneers]'', Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 2000.&lt;/ref&gt; Manguva lawa, ku kula ka [[inthaneti]] ku kondletele timakete leti tirhisaka vukorhokeri bya vuhundzuluxeri naswona ku vanga matirhisele ya tindzimi hi vunzhawu.&lt;ref&gt;M. Snell-Hornby, ''[http://www.intralinea.org/reviews/item/The_Turns_of_Translation_Studies_New_Paradigms_or_Shifting_Viewpoints The Turns of Translation Studies: New Paradigms or Shifting Viewpoints?]'', Philadelphia, John Benjamins, 2006, p. 133.&lt;/ref&gt;

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 |+ &lt;big&gt;Gazankulu&lt;/big&gt;
 |-
 | &lt;center&gt;''Mintirho ya Vulavula''&lt;/center&gt;
 |-
 |{{Photomontage|position=right|photo1a=Flag of Gazankulu.svg|photo2a=Coat of arms of Gazankulu.svg |photo3a=Gazankulu in South Africa.svg}}
 |} 

'''Mfumo wa Gazankulu''' (1971  –  1994) i khale ka mfumo wa tikoxikaya eAfrika-Dzonga, lowu simekiweke hi  mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu hi  xikongomelo xo rhangela  tikoxikaya ra Vatsonga. Mfumo lowu a wu andlala ndhawu ya khale ka n'walungu wa Transvaal (leyi namuntlha yi nga xifundza xa [[Limpopo]]) na vuxa bya Transvaal (leyi namuntlha  ku nga xifundza xa [[Mpumalanga]]). 

== Matimu ==
Gazankulu yi nyikiwe vutilawuri kusuka eka mfumo wa tiko hi lembe ra 1969, naswona ntsindza wa mfumo awuri e [[Giyani]]. Tiko xi kaya ra Gazankulu a ri sungula e xibhedlele xa Elim, e kusuhi na Makhado, kusuka kona ri kongoma e vuxa dyambu ri kongoma  nambu wa Levubu, miti ya [[Valdezia]] na Bungeni hi yona miti leyi kulu ya matsonga endzhaweni leyi, naswona yina kwalomu ka 50 000 wa va aka tiko, hi kuya hi ntsengo wa nhlayo ya vanhu ya 2015. Tiko xi kaya leri ri thlela ri ndlandlamuka riya fika e ribuweni ra nambu wa Ritavi e kusuhi na Skukuza e Hazyview ([[Mpumalanga]]). Ku anama ka tiko xikaya leri, kusuka e Elim kuya e Hazyview, akuri kwalomu ka 317&amp;nbsp;wa tikhilomitara.&lt;ref name=&quot;FrankentalSichone2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Sally Frankental|author2=Owen Sichone|title=South Africa's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2G9vI6NEjgYC&amp;pg=PA187|accessdate=18 September 2013|date=1 January 2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-674-3|page=187}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiko xikaya leri a ri vumbiwa hi Elim, Giyani na Malamulele, kuhlanganisa na swiyenge swinharhu leswikulu swa [[Bushbuckridge]], Tzaneen na Phalaborwa.

Emahlweni ka nawu wa tiko wa lembe ra 1913, Bushbuckridge, Phalaborwa na Tzaneen a ku ngari matiko ya matsonga, matiko lawa ma hlanganisiwe na Elim, Giyani na Malamulele ku tumbuluxa tiko ra vatsonga. Nawu lowu wa lembe ra 1913 wu vangile swiphemu swinharhu swa matiko ya matsonga leswi a swiri handle na le kule ka xiphemu lexikulu. Hi malembe ya va 1960, Nkulukumba H.W.E Ntsanwisi u hluriwile ku sivela mfumo wa tiko ku endla mindzilakano handle ko vulavurisana na va aka tiko. Gazankulu a yi akelane na matiko xikaya man'wana ya vantima, kunga Venda, Lebowa na Kangwane. Matiko xikaya lawa na swona ma xaniseke ngopfu hikwalaho ka ku tekeriwa tiko na ku beriwa mi ndzilakano leyi nga tsisisekiku hi mfumo wa Afrika Dzonga.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Gazankulu]]
[[Category:Matiko xi kaya ya khala ka Afrika Dzonga]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4487" sha1="dibkawsfh89x8afwytidujcr1qfwan7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Daytime_image_of_the_bay_of_Naples.jpg|thumb|335x335px|Xifaniso xa siku e tiveni ra Naples, e [[Italy]]]]

'''Siku''' i mpimo wa [[nkarhi]] lowu tekaka [[misava]] ku ndzuluka kan'we.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230318115108&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/Day.html |title=Day |author=Weisstein, Eric W. |year=2007 |accessdate=2011-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siku ri nga thlela ri hlamusela mpimo wa nkarhi lowu tekaka [[dyambu]] ku sukela eka nhlekanhi leswaku ri pela, rithlela ri tsevuka ku fikela eka nhlekanhi wun'wana.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web |url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/SolarDay.html |title=Solar Day |author=Weisstein, Eric W. |year=2007 |accessdate=2011-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi lembe ra 1960, sekende yi hlamuseriwe hi kuya hi mandzulukele ya misava hi lembe ra 1900, naswona yi sungule ku tirhisiwa tani hi mpimo-ximfumo wa nkarhi. Hikokwalo siku ri sungule ku hlamuseriwa hi ku tirhisa mpimo wa sekende, naswona ri ringana na 86,400 wa ti sekende. Kasi hi 1967 sekende naswona hi ku landzelelana, siku swi hlamuseriwe hi mafambele ya ti [[Elektroni]] ta ti [[Athomu]].&lt;ref name=Second&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/second.html |title=Unit of time (second) |edition=8th |date=2014 |orig-year=2006 |website=SI Brochure |author=BIPM |authorlink=International Bureau of Weights and Measures |access-date=2019-08-26 |archive-date=2019-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325064502/https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/second.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ku angarhela, siku ri vumbiwa hi 86,400 wa ti sekende, laha ku nga havaka na sekende leyi engeteriwaka kumbe ku hungutiwa hi kuya hi mafambisele ya nkarhi wa misava (UTC), thlandla kwalano ku engetiwa kumbe ku hungutiwa awara e tindhzawini ta misava leti cincaka eka nhlayiso was kuvoakala ka dyambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/SolarDay.html |title=Solar Day |author=Weisstein, Eric W. |year=2007 |accessdate=2011-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230318115108&quot;/&gt;

Siku rithlela ri hlamuseriwa hi mpimo wa ti [[awara]] ta makumembirhi-mune, ku suka exikarhi ka vusiku kuya eka byin'wana, laha [[vhiki]], [[nhweti]], kumbe [[lembe]] swi avanyisiwaka ha kona, hi ku landzelela mandzulukele ya misava.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/day|title=day – Definition of day in English by Oxford Dictionaries|author=|date=|website=Oxford Dictionaries – English|access-date=2019-08-26|archive-date=2019-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525145141/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/day|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambiswiritano, siku rihlamuseriwa hi ku hambana kuya hi mavulavulele ya vanhu, hi xikombiso vanhu vanga ha vula siku ro karhi ku hlamusela leswi endlekeke kusukela [[mixo]] ku ya eka [[ndzhengha]], ku mbe ku hambanisa exikarhi ka [[vusiku]] na [[nhlikanhi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/day|title=day|author=|date=|publisher=|via=The Free Dictionary}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/day|title=Definition of DAY|author=|date=|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Online Dictionary Definitions of &quot;day&quot;.
* [https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525145141/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/day |date=2019-05-25 }}
* [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/day]
* [http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/day.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905095831/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/day.html |date=2019-09-05 }}
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/day]&lt;/ref&gt; this is since daytime usually always means 'the time of the day between sunrise and sunset.&lt;ref&gt;Online Dictionary Definitions of &quot;daytime&quot;
* [https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/daytime] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322055503/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/daytime |date=2019-03-22 }}
* [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/daytime]
* [https://www.thefreedictionary.com/daytime]
* [https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/daytime]&lt;/ref&gt; Riviti Siku, ringa thlela ri hlamusela siku ra vhiki eka khalendara ku hlamula xivutiso lexinge, &quot;isiku muni?&quot;. Mahanyele ya vanhu na swiharhi mafambisana na siku ra misava kunga ndzhendzeleko wa vusiku na nhlikanhi.

==Mintshaho==
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[[Category:Siku]]
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[[File:Analemma_fishburn.tif|right|thumb|Xifaniso xi kombisa laha dyambu rivaka kona e mpfhukeni loko u teka xifaniso hi karhi wa siku lowu fanaka lembe hi nkwaro.]]
'''Lembe''' i mpimo wa nkarhi lowu tekiwaka hi [[misava]] ku hetisa ndzhendzeleko wa wona emahlweni ka [[dyambu]]. Hikwalaho ka ku ndzuluka ka misava, lembe ri fambisana na ku hundza ka tinguva, leti voniwaka hi ku cinca ka maxele, ti awara ta kuvonakala ka dyambu, na ku ku kula kumbe ku tsana ka swimilana na ku nona ka misava yo rima. Kuna tinguva ta mune e misaveni kunga: ximun'wana, ximumu, xixikana na xixika.

Hikwalaho, lembe i ntengo wa nkarhi lowu xungetelaka nhlayo ya masiku lawa misava yi tekaka wona ku hetisa ndzhendzeleko wa yona eka khalendara. Khalendara ya Gregori, kumbe khalendara leyi tolovelekeke, yi kombisa lembe riri na masiku ya 365 wa masiku kumbe 366 eka lembe ravumune eka nhlayo.

Eka ntivo-tinyeleti, lembe ri hlamuseriwa riri na masiku ya 365.25 laha ha rin'we ra wona ringana  86,400 wa ti sekende, leswi hlengeletelanaka kufika eka 31,557,600 wa ti sekende leti kumekaka e lembeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |publisher=[[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] |url=http://www.iau.org/science/publications/proceedings_rules/units/ |title=SI units |accessdate=February 18, 2010 |archive-date=July 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716232020/http://www.iau.org/science/publications/proceedings_rules/units/ |dead-url=yes }} (See Table 5 and Section 5.15.) Reprinted from: {{cite journal |first=George A. |last=Wilkins |url=http://www.iau.org/static/publications/stylemanual1989.pdf |title=The IAU Style Manual |year=1989 |journal=IAU Transactions |volume=XXB |access-date=2019-08-26 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726170213/http://www.iau.org/static/publications/stylemanual1989.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Riviti ''lembe'' ri thlela ri yelana na lembe ra nguva yo karhi, lembe ra swa timali, lembe ra swa tidyondzo, sweswo-sweswo. Hilaha ku fanaka, riviti lembe ri nga tirhisiwa ku hlamusela ndzhendzeleko wa ti pulaneti tin'wana. Riviti leri ringa ha thlela ri tirhisiwa ku hlamusela nkarhi wo leha swinene, hi xikombiso lembe lerinene, kumbe lembe ra dyandza.&lt;ref&gt;[[OED]], s.v. &quot;year&quot;, entry 2.b.: &quot;''transf.''  Applied to a very long period or cycle (in chronology or mythology, or vaguely in poetic use).&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Mpimo wa nkarhi]]
[[Category:Khalendara]]
[[Category:Malembe]]</text>
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      <text bytes="876" sha1="dz390c53wjp6asql5xgtql6ha8oskxx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Scale kilometres miles.svg |thumb| Xikalu xa mpfhuka kuya hi ti [[mitara]] hi kuleha]]

'''Kuleha''' i mpimo wa [[mpfhuka]]. Kuleha hakanyingi ku twisisiwa tani hi mpimo wa wa[[xilo]] kusukela laha xi sungulaka kona kufika laha xi helelaka kona.&lt;ref&gt;[http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=length Princeton.edu]&lt;/ref&gt; Ku leha ku pimiwa hi ku tirhisa ti mitara.

Eka tinzimi tin'wana ku na ku hambana ka kuleha ka xilo, hi kuya  hi leswaku xilo xa kona xi yimile kumbe xi etlerile. Hilaha ku fanaka kuna ku hambana e xikarhi ka kulela, ku [[anama]] na [[kudzika]]/[[kutlakuka]] ka xa xilo.

Kuleha ku pima ntsengo wun'we ntsena eka xilo, kasi vundzhawu byi pima ku leha na ku anama, hi hala thlelo vutalo byi pima kuleha, ku anama na ku tlakuka leswaku hi tiva ntalo wa swilo hi ku hetelela.

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Matematiki]]
[[Category:Vupimi]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1919" sha1="9k43thguqbmsc3w7ji3of9edinlqcsc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Metric seal.svg|thumb|Mitara eka Mfungo wa ndzawulo ya vupimi ya misava (BIPM).]]

'''Mitara''' (ritekiwa eka riviti ra xifurhwa ''mètre'', kusuka eka xigriki μέτρον, &quot;pima&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot;Res1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/CGPM/db/17/1/ |title=17th General Conference on Weights and Measures (1983), Resolution 1. |accessdate=19 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web
|url= http://www.nist.gov/document/special-publication-330
|title=The International System of Units (SI) - NIST
|publisher= National Institute of Standards and Technology 
|location=US
|date=26 March 2008
|quote=The spelling of English words is in accordance with the United States Government Printing Office Style Manual, which follows Webster's Third New International Dictionary rather than the Oxford Dictionary. Thus the spellings &quot;meter,&quot;…rather than &quot;metre,&quot;...as in the original BIPM English text...
}}&lt;/ref&gt; i mpimo wa ximfumo wa [[kuleha]] eka Mafambiselo-ximfumo ya mpimo ya misava (SI). Mfungo wa mitara i '''m'''.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web
|url=http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/meter.html
|title=Base unit definitions: Meter
|publisher= National Institute of Standards and Technology 
|accessdate=28 September 2010
}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mitara yi hlamuseriwa kuri mpfhuka lowu fambiwaka hi [[rivoningo]] e ndzeni ka xihava-moya hi nkarhi wa sekende yin'we loko yi avanyisiwa hi 299 792 458.&lt;ref name=&quot;Res1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/CGPM/db/17/1/ |title=17th General Conference on Weights and Measures (1983), Resolution 1. |accessdate=19 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mitara yi hlamuseriwe ro sungula hi lembe ra 1793 kuri mpfhuka wa khume hi kuleha eka timiliyoni eka [[mpfhuka]] wo suka e xikarhi ka [[misava]] ya e ximhandzanini xale n'walungu wa misava – hikwalaho xirhendzevutana xa misava xina magwa wa ti magidi ya ti mitara ya kwalomu ka 40,000.

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Matematiki]]
[[Category:Vupimi]]</text>
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'''Litara''' (mfungo  '''L''', '''l''' kumbe '''ℓ''') i ndlela leyi amukeriweke yo pima vunyingi lebyi kumekaka eka bokisi leri ngana ma thlelo lama ngana 10 wa ti centi mitara hi ku [[kuleha|leha]], ku anama na ku enta.

Mapimele yo sungula ya xifurhwa ama tirhisa litara yiri ntsengo wa ku tika, kungari ntalo.&lt;ref&gt;Collins English Dictionary&lt;/ref&gt; Riviti ''litre'' ri tekiwe ku suka eka mpimo wa khale wa ''litron'', lowu a wu thyiwe kusuka eka xigriki.&lt;ref name=&quot;BIPM2006&quot;&gt;[http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, 2006], p. 124. (&quot;Days&quot; and &quot;hours&quot; are examples of other non-SI units that SI accepts.)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Litara yin'we ya mati yi na ku tika loku ringanaka khilogiramu yin'we, hi kwalaho ka leswi khilogiramu a yi hlamuseriwe ro sungula hi lembe ra 1795 kuri ntikelo wa [[mati]] ya gwitsi  (0&amp;nbsp;°C hi ku titimela) lawa ma tataka xibokisana lexingana 10 wa ti sentimitara hi kuleha, ku anama na ku enta. Mpfuxetelo wa tinhlamuselo ta litara na khilogiramu  leti landzeleke wu endle leswaku mintsengo leyi yi ngaha ringani.&lt;ref name=decree&gt;{{cite web
|url = http://www.metrodiff.org/cmsms/index.php?page=18_germinal_an_3
|title = Décret relatif aux poids et aux mesures du 18 germinal an 3 (7 avril 1795)
|language = French
|trans-title = Weights and measures decree dated 18 Germinal, Year 3 (7 April 1795)
|publisher = Association Métrodiff
|date = 7 April 1795
|quote = ''Gramme'', le poids absolu d'un volume d'eau pure égal au cube de la centième partie du mètre , et à la température de la glace fondante.
|access-date = 27 August 2019
|archive-date = 24 June 2018
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180624010402/http://www.metrodiff.org/cmsms/index.php?page=18_germinal_an_3
|dead-url = yes
}} English translation: ‘''Gramme'': the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of the meter, at the temperature of melting ice.’&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Matematiki]]
[[Category:Vupimi]]</text>
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    <title>Vunyingi-swilo</title>
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      <text bytes="1326" sha1="4gata99kcwd39aohmd64tbqtwx8ugnp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Poids_fonte_2_kg_03.jpg|thumb|Nsimbhi leyi a yi tirhisiwa eka swikalo  – Vunyingi-swilo: 2 kg  [[Kuleha]]: 4.9 cm ; [[Ku anama]]: 9.2 cm]]

'''Vunyingi-swilo''' i xihlawulekisi xa ntumbuluko wa swilo naswona i mpimo wa ku ala ku susumetiwa loko matimba ya kongomisiwa eka xona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mass | title=The definition of mass}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vunyingi-swilo byi hlohlotela matimba yo kokelana exikarhi ka swilo swimbirhi.

Hambi leswi mpimo wa vunyingi-swilo kunga khilogiramu, kambe byi hambanile na [[ntikelo]] wa swilo. Xilo xo karhi xinga xinca ntikelo wa xona loko xiri e [[n'wenti|n'wentini]] kuhambana na loko xiri e [[misava|misaveni]], hikwalaho ka ku hambana ka matimba ya nkokelo, hambi swiritano xilo xelexo xiva na ntsengo lowu ringanaka wa vunyingi-swilo ku n'wana na ku n'wana. Leswi swi vangiwa hi leswi ntikelo wunga ntsengo wa matimba lawa ma kokelaka e hansi, kasi vunyingi-swilo kova ntsengo wa xilo xelexo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/view/419367/new-quantum-theory-separates-gravitational-and-inertial-mass/ |title=New Quantum Theory Separates Gravitational and Inertial Mass |magazine=MIT Technology Review |date=14 Jun 2010 |accessdate=3 Dec 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Matematiki]]
[[Category:Vupimi]]</text>
      <sha1>4gata99kcwd39aohmd64tbqtwx8ugnp</sha1>
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| align     = right
| direction = horizontal
| header    = Ku pima ntikelo ku ringanisiwa na ku pima vunyingi-swilo
| image1    = Weegschaal-1.jpg
| width1    = 125
| image2    = Bascula_9.jpg
| width2    = 220
| footer = Left: Ximatsi: Xikalo xi pima ntikelo, hi kulangutisa laha nchumu wu kokaka xipiringi ha kona. E n'wetini nchimu lowu fanaka wu nga pima ntsongo lowu tsongo wa ntikelo. Xinene: xikalo xo ringanisa xi pima ntalo-swilo wa nchumu hi ku ringanisa na cnhumu wun'wana lowu ntsengo wa wona wu tiviwaka. E n'wetini xikalo lexi xi ta pima mpimo woringana tana hi leswi minchumu ynga ta vevuka hi kuringana.}}

'''Ntikelo''' wu hlamuseriwa eka [[sayensi]] na [[vunjhiniyera]] kuri ntsengo wa matimba lawa ma kongomisiwaka eka xilo xokarhi, hi kwalaho ka ma timba-nkokelo ya [[misava]], kumbe ku hambana na matimba lawa ma xikhomeke e ndzhawini yin'we.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morrison&quot;&gt;{{cite journal
|title=Weight and gravity - the need for consistent definitions
|author=Richard C. Morrison
|journal=[[The Physics Teacher]]
|volume=37 |page=51 |date=1999 |doi=10.1119/1.880152
|bibcode = 1999PhTea..37...51M }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Galili&quot;&gt;{{cite journal
|title=Weight versus gravitational force: historical and educational perspectives
|author=Igal Galili
|journal=International Journal of Science Education
|volume=23 |page=1073 |date=2001 |doi=10.1080/09500690110038585
|bibcode = 2001IJSEd..23.1073G }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gat&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Standardization of Technical Terminology: Principles and Practice – ''second volume'' |editor=Richard Alan Strehlow |date=1988 |publisher=[[ASTM International]] |isbn=978-0-8031-1183-7 |chapter=The weight of mass and the mess of weight |last=Gat |first=Uri |pages=45–48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CoB5w9Km0mUC&amp;pg=PA45}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tibuku tin'wana ta vuleteri&lt;ref name='Knight'&gt;{{Cite book |author=Knight, Randall D.|year=2004 |title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers: a Strategic Approach|location=San Francisco, USA|publisher=Addison–Wesley |isbn=0-8053-8960-1 |pages=100–101}}&lt;/ref&gt; ti hlamusela ntikelo kuri ntsengo wa matimba-nkokelo lawa ma kongimisiwaka eka nchumu wokarhi. Tin'wana tibuku&lt;ref name='Bauer-and-Westfall'&gt;{{Cite book |author=Bauer, Wolfgang and Westfall, Gary D.|year=2011 |title=University Physics with Modern Physics|location=New York|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=978-0-07-336794-1 |pages=103}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name='Serway-and-Jewett'&gt;{{Cite book |author=Serway, Raymond A. and Jewett, John W. Jr.|year=2008 |title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics|location=USA|publisher=Thompson|isbn=978-0-495-11245-7 |pages=106}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name='Hewitt'&gt;{{Cite book |author=Hewitt, Paul G.|year=2001 |title=Conceptual Physics|location=USA|publisher=Addison–Wesley |isbn=0-321-05202-1 |pages=159}}&lt;/ref&gt; tihlamusela ntikelo wuri ntsengo wa matimba lawa ma lavekaka ku endla chumu wun'wana na wun'wana leswaku wu tshama eka ndzhawu yokarhi. Hikwalaho, loko chumu wun'wana na wun'wana wuri eka weni handle ko siveriwa, wuva wuri hava ntikelo. Hi marito man'wana chumu wun'wana na wun'wana lowu ngana vunyingi-swilo wu nga bakanya matimba-nkokelo kumbe ku sihalala ka moya loko wuri ku wena ivi wuva wuri hava ntikelo, Apula leri hlaleriweke hi [[Isaac Newton]], riri kuweni kusuka e nsinyeni naswona ri wela e hansi, ari ri karhi ri hava ntikelo eka xinkarhana xexo.

Mpimo wa ntikelo wa nchumu i ntsengo wa matimba lawa ma kongomisiwaka naswomna ma pimiwa hi ku tirhisa nstengo [[Nyuthoni]]. Hi xikombiso nchumu lowu ngana vunyingi-swilo bya khilogiramu yin'we laha e misaveni wu na ntikelo wa 9.8 wa ti nyuthoni, kasi ntsengo lowu wu hunguteka swonghasi loko chumu lowu fanaka wu pimiwa ntikelo e n'wetini.

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Matematiki]]
[[Category:Vupimi]]</text>
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	local thumbtimestr = ''

	if isnotempty( thumbtime ) then
		thumbtimestr = '|thumbtime=' .. thumbtime
	end

	local imagediv = root:tag('div')
	imagediv:addClass('thumbimage')
	imagediv:cssText(istyle)
	if( height ) then
		imagediv:css('height', tostring(height) .. 'px')
		imagediv:css('overflow', 'hidden')
	end
	imagediv:wikitext('[[file:' .. image .. widthstr .. linkstr .. altstr .. thumbtimestr .. ']]')
	if isnotempty(caption) then
		local captiondiv = root:tag('div')
		captiondiv:addClass('thumbcaption')
		if isnotempty(textalign) then
			captiondiv:addClass('text-align-' .. textalign)
		end
		captiondiv:wikitext(caption)
	end
	return tostring(root)
end

local function getWidth(w1, w2)
	local w
	if isnotempty(w1) then
		w = tonumber(w1)
	elseif isnotempty(w2) then
		w = tonumber(w2)
	end
	return w or 200
end

local function getPerRow(pstr, ic)
	-- split string into array using any non-digit as a dilimiter
	local pr = mw.text.split(pstr or '', '[^%d][^%d]*')
	-- if split failed, assume a single row
	if (#pr &lt; 1) then
		pr = {tostring(ic)}
	end
	-- convert the array of strings to an array of numbers,
	-- adding any implied/missing numbers at the end of the array
	local r = 1
	local thisrow = tonumber(pr[1] or ic) or ic
	local prownum = {}
	while( ic &gt; 0 ) do
		prownum[r] = thisrow
		ic = ic - thisrow
		r = r + 1
		-- use the previous if the next is missing and
		-- make sure we don't overstep the number of images
		thisrow = math.min(tonumber(pr[r] or thisrow) or ic, ic)
	end
	return prownum
end

local function renderMultipleImages(frame)
	local pargs = frame:getParent().args
	local args = frame.args
	local width = pargs['width'] or ''
	local dir = pargs['direction'] or ''
	local border = pargs['border'] or args['border'] or ''
	local align = pargs['align'] or args['align'] or (border == 'infobox' and 'center' or '')
	local capalign = pargs['caption_align'] or args['caption_align'] or ''
	local totalwidth = pargs['total_width'] or args['total_width'] or ''
	local imgstyle = pargs['image_style'] or args['image_style']
	local header = pargs['header'] or pargs['title'] or ''
	local footer = pargs['footer'] or ''
	local imagegap = tonumber(pargs['image_gap'] or '1') or 1
	local perrow = nil
	local thumbclass = {
		[&quot;left&quot;] = 'tleft',
		[&quot;none&quot;] = 'tnone',
		[&quot;center&quot;] = 'tnone',
		[&quot;centre&quot;] = 'tnone',
		[&quot;right&quot;] = 'tright'
		}

	-- find all the nonempty images
	local imagenumbers = {}
	local imagecount = 0
	for k, v in pairs( pargs ) do
		local i = tonumber(tostring(k):match( '^%s*image([%d]+)%s*$' ) or '0')
		if( i &gt; 0 and isnotempty(v) ) then
			table.insert( imagenumbers, i)
			imagecount = imagecount + 1
		end
	end

	-- sort the imagenumbers
	table.sort(imagenumbers)

	-- create an array with the number of images per row
	perrow = getPerRow(dir == 'vertical' and '1' or pargs['perrow'], imagecount)

	-- compute the number of rows
	local rowcount = #perrow

	-- store the image widths and compute row widths and maximum row width
	local heights = {}
	local widths = {}
	local widthmax = 0
	local widthsum = {}
	local k = 0
	for r=1,rowcount do
		widthsum[r] = 0
		for c=1,perrow[r] do
			k = k + 1
			if( k &lt;= imagecount ) then
				local i = imagenumbers[k]
				if( isnotempty(totalwidth) ) then
					widths[k], heights[k] = getdimensions(pargs['image' .. i], pargs['width' .. i], pargs['height' .. i])
				else
					widths[k] = getWidth(width, pargs['width' .. i])
				end
				widthsum[r] = widthsum[r] + widths[k]
			end
		end
		widthmax = math.max(widthmax, widthsum[r])
	end

	-- make sure the gap is non-negative
	if imagegap &lt; 0 then imagegap = 0 end

	-- if total_width has been specified, rescale the image widths
	if( isnotempty(totalwidth) ) then
		totalwidth = tonumber(totalwidth)
		widthmax = 0
		local k = 0
		for r=1,rowcount do
			local koffset = k
			local tw = totalwidth - (3 + imagegap) * (perrow[r] - 1) - 12
			local ar = {}
			local arsum = 0
			for j=1,perrow[r] do
				k = k + 1
				if( k&lt;= imagecount ) then
					local i = imagenumbers[k]
					local h = heights[k] or 0
					if (h &gt; 0) then
						ar[j] = widths[k]/h
						heights[k] = h
					else
						ar[j] = widths[k]/100
					end
					arsum = arsum + ar[j]
				end
			end
			local ht = tw/arsum
			local ws = 0
			k = koffset
			for j=1,perrow[r] do
				k = k + 1
				if( k&lt;= imagecount ) then
					local i = imagenumbers[k]
					widths[k] = math.floor(ar[j]*ht + 0.5)
					ws = ws + widths[k]
					if heights[k] then
						heights[k] = math.floor(ht)
					end
				end
			end
			widthsum[r] = ws
			widthmax = math.max(widthmax, widthsum[r])
		end
	end

	-- start building the array of images, if there are images
	if( imagecount &gt; 0 ) then
		-- compute width of outer div
		local bodywidth = 0
		for r=1,rowcount do
			if( widthmax == widthsum[r] ) then
				bodywidth = widthmax + (3 + imagegap) * (perrow[r] - 1) + 12
			end
		end
		-- The body has a min-width of 100, which needs to be taken into account on specific widths
		bodywidth = math.max( 100, bodywidth - 8);

		local bg = pargs['background color'] or ''
		-- create the array of images
		local root = mw.html.create('div')
		root:addClass('thumb')
		root:addClass('tmulti')
		-- root:addClass('tmulti-sandbox')
		root:addClass(thumbclass[align] or 'tright')

		if( align == 'center' or align == 'centre' ) then
			root:addClass('center')
		end
		if( bg ~= '' ) then
			root:css('background-color', bg)
		end

		local div = root:tag('div')
		div:addClass('thumbinner')
		div:css('width', tostring(bodywidth) .. 'px')
			:css('max-width', tostring(bodywidth) .. 'px')
		if( bg ~= '' ) then
			div:css('background-color', bg)
		end
		if( border == 'infobox' or border == 'none') then
			div:css('border', 'none')
		end
		-- add the header
		if( isnotempty(header) ) then
			div:tag('div')
				:addClass('trow')
				:tag('div')
					:addClass('theader')
					:css('text-align', pargs['header_align'] or 'center')
					:css('background-color', pargs['header_background'] or 'transparent')
					:wikitext(header)
		end
		-- loop through the images
		local k = 0
		for r=1,rowcount do
			local rowdiv = div:tag('div'):addClass('trow');
			for j=1,perrow[r] do
				k = k + 1
				if( k &lt;= imagecount ) then
					local imagediv = rowdiv:tag('div')
					imagediv:addClass('tsingle')
					if bg ~= '' then
						imagediv:css('background-color', bg);
					end
					if ((imagegap &gt; 1) and (j &lt; perrow[r])) then
						imagediv:css('margin-right', tostring(imagegap) .. 'px')
					end
					local i = imagenumbers[k]
					local img = pargs['image' .. i]
					local w = widths[k]
					imagediv:css('width', tostring(2 + w) .. 'px')
						:css('max-width', tostring(2 + w) .. 'px')
					imagediv:wikitext(renderImageCell(img, w, heights[k],
						pargs['link' .. i], pargs['alt' .. i],
						pargs['thumbtime' .. i], pargs['caption' .. i], capalign, imgstyle))
				end
			end
		end
		-- add the footer
		if( isnotempty(footer) ) then
			div:tag('div')
				:addClass('trow')
				:tag('div')
					:addClass('thumbcaption')
					:css('text-align', pargs['footer_align'] or args['footer_align'] or 'left')
					:css('background-color', pargs['footer_background'] or 'transparent')
					:wikitext(footer)
		end
		return tostring(root)
	end
	return ''
end

function p.render( frame )
	autoscaledimages = false
	nonautoscaledimages = false

	return frame:extensionTag {name = 'templatestyles', args = {src = 'Multiple image/styles.css', wrapper = &quot;.tmulti&quot;}}
		.. renderMultipleImages( frame )
		.. (autoscaledimages and '[[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]]' or '')
		.. (nonautoscaledimages and '[[Category:Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images]]' or '')
end

return p</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Multiple image/styles.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6066</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34366</id>
      <timestamp>2019-08-28T00:02:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;/* {{pp-template}} */ /* this is a block */ .thumbinner { 	display: flex; 	flex-direction: column; }  .trow { 	display: flex; 	flex-direction: row; 	clear: left; 	flex-wrap: w...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>34366</origin>
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      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="1318" sha1="odxmk9w87zkv2d5vlc782l1tqnusmtt" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
/* this is a block */
.thumbinner {
	display: flex;
	flex-direction: column;
}

.trow {
	display: flex;
	flex-direction: row;
	clear: left;
	flex-wrap: wrap;
	width: 100%;
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* this is a cell */
.tsingle {
	margin: 1px;
	float: left;
}

.theader {
	clear: both;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
	align-self: center;
	background-color: transparent;
	width: 100%;
}

.thumbcaption {
	text-align: left;
	background-color: transparent;
}

.text-align-left {
	text-align: left;
}

.text-align-right {
	text-align: right;
}

.text-align-center {
	text-align: center;
}

@media all and ( max-width: 720px ) {
	.thumbinner {
		/* not !important usage can be removed when these are no longer inline styles
		inside Template:Multiple image and media query using min-width is introduced */
		width: 100% !important;
		box-sizing: border-box;
		max-width: none !important;
		align-items: center;
	}
	.trow {
		justify-content: center;
	}
	.tsingle {
		/* not !important usage can be removed when these are no longer inline styles
		inside Template:Multiple image and media query using min-width is introduced */
	    float: none !important;
	    max-width: 100% !important;
	    box-sizing: border-box;
	    text-align: center;
	}
	.thumbcaption {
		text-align: center;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>odxmk9w87zkv2d5vlc782l1tqnusmtt</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Khilogiramu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37011</id>
      <parentid>36888</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-23T19:39:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>k→K</comment>
      <origin>37011</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1594" sha1="jzyj6ynkgzk0ecsa6c3offvrvw03kkk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:1kg with creditcard.JPG|thumb|Nsimbhi leyi ngana ntsengo wa khilogiramu yin'we]]
'''Khilogiram''' i ntsengo wo pima [[vunyingi-swilo]] nswona mfungo wa rona i '''kg'''. Ntsengo lowu wo pima, wu tirhisiwa ngopfu eka [[sayensi]], [[vunjhiniyera]] na leka [[mabinzu]] e misaveni hi nkwayo. Khilogiramu yi lave ku ringana na litara yin'we ya mati.

Khilogiramu yi hlamuseriwe ro sungula hi lembe ra 1795 tana hi vunyingi-swilo bya litara yin'we ya mati. Nhlamuseolo leyi yo olova, ayi nononhwa ku yi fikelela. Hi lembe ra 1799, nsimbhi ya platinamu leyi ngana vunyingi bya khilogiramu yin'we yi tirhisiwile eka swikalo ku ringanisa. Kasi hi lembe ra 1879 nsimbhi ya platinamu yu siviwe hi nsimbhi yo pfanganyiwa ya Platinamu na Iridhiyamu kuri wona ntsengo wa khilogiramu yin'we kufikela loko yi ta cinciwa hi 20 mudyaxihi 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;vox&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Resnick |first1=Brian |title=The new kilogram just debuted. It’s a massive achievement. |url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/5/17/18627757/kilogram-redefined-world-metrology-day-explained |accessdate=May 23, 2019 |publisher=vox.com |date=May 20, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''New York Times'' &quot;The Latest: Landmark Change to Kilogram Approved&quot; Nov 16 2018; https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/11/16/world/europe/ap-eu-france-updating-the-kilo-the-latest.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116173734/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/11/16/world/europe/ap-eu-france-updating-the-kilo-the-latest.html |date=2018-11-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Matematiki]]
[[Category:Vupimi]]</text>
      <sha1>jzyj6ynkgzk0ecsa6c3offvrvw03kkk</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6068</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34372</id>
      <parentid>34371</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-08-28T09:14:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>34372</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1398" sha1="k6y6l9yamde9jhcrc6hdqurdd9zglp9" xml:space="preserve">'''Thani''' i mpimo wa [[vunyingi-swilo]] lowu kulukumba. Ntsengo lowu wu na matimu yo leha naswona wu hlamusele swilo swo hambana hambana eka tinguva to hambana hambana. Matirhisele yo pima ntalo ya haya e mahlweni eka [[tingalava ta vu tleketli]]. Ri thlela ri tirhisiwa ku pima matimba ya ti thiraka to tleketla ti nhundzu.&lt;ref name=BTS.GOV&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/narmain/narmain.html |title=Naval Architecture for All |publisher=United States Bureau of Transportation Statistics |accessdate=October 13, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010071508/http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/narmain/narmain.html |archivedate=October 10, 2008 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Riviti thani ri sukela eka diramu leri a rikota ku khoma  ntalo wa kwalomu ka 970 wa ti litara, naswona ri tika kwalomu ka 910 wa ti khilogiramu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1985/pdf/ukpga_19850072_en.pdf| title = Weights and Measures Act 1985| accessdate = 2010-02-03| date = 1985-10-30| publisher = Her Majesty's Stationery Office| deadurl = no| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091208083258/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1985/pdf/ukpga_19850072_en.pdf| archivedate = 2009-12-08| df = }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;A Dictionary of Weights, Measures, and Units, edited by Donald Fenna, Oxford University Press&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Matematiki]]
[[Category:Vupimi]]</text>
      <sha1>k6y6l9yamde9jhcrc6hdqurdd9zglp9</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Vuwani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6069</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39817</id>
      <parentid>36683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-12-01T16:56:50Z</timestamp>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3909" sha1="lbfy36bcnh8u2h805huvq147zy95lv8" xml:space="preserve">'''Vuwani''' i doroba leri nga xiyenge xa Masipala wa Vhembe e xifundzheni xa [[Limpopo]] e tikweni ra [[Afrika Dzonga]].

== Madzolonga ya ndzelekano ==
Hi lembe ra 2015, bodo ya mindzelekano ya va masipala va tiko, yi teke xiboho xo susa miganga wa Mashau na Masakona eka masipala wa Makhado, ivi yi hlanganisiwa na miganga ya [[Malamulele]], Tshikonelo, Mulenzhe, Pietboy, na Khakhanwa leyi ayiri eka masipala wa Thulamela  leswaku ku vumbiwa masipala wuntshwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.hsrc.ac.za/uploads/pageContent/7120/VUWANI%20CASE%20STUDY%20JUNE%202016.pdf|title=Case Study on Vuwani Demarcation Protest|last=|first=|publisher=Human Sciences Research Council|year=2016|isbn=|location=|pages=3|access-date=2019-08-28|archive-date=2019-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711173756/http://www.hsrc.ac.za/uploads/pageContent/7120/VUWANI%20CASE%20STUDY%20JUNE%202016.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.observer.co.za/demarcation-board-decision-leads-to-protest-action-in-vhembe/|title=Demarcation board decision leads to protest action in Vhembe|last=Erasmus|first=Nelie|date=2015-07-23|website=Polokwane Observer|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802165707/http://www.observer.co.za/demarcation-board-decision-leads-to-protest-action-in-vhembe/|archive-date=2017-08-02|dead-url=yes|access-date=2017-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi lembe ra 2016, va akatiko lava ava nyamisiwile hi ku ahlula ka ka huvo ya nawu loku kondleteleke xiboho xa bodo ya va masipala, va sungule nhlungo na ku onheteriwa ka nhundzu ku hlanganisa na swikolo swa makume-nharhu endzeni ka tinhweti ta mune,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.observer.co.za/unrest-after-vuwani-demarcation-ruling/|title=Unrest after Vuwani demarcation ruling|last=Myburgh|first=RC|last2=Viljoen|first2=Barry|date=2016-05-02|website=Polokwane Observer|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420045845/http://www.observer.co.za/unrest-after-vuwani-demarcation-ruling/|archive-date=2017-04-20|dead-url=yes|access-date=2017-04-19|last3=Erasmus|first3=Nelie}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/13347/vuwaniprotests-an-unusual-municipal-demarcation-exercise-|title=#VuwaniProtests: an unusual municipal demarcation exercise - analyst|last=Mpondwana|first=Litha|date=2016-05-05|website=CapeTalk|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/252737/27-000-pupils-blocked-from-attending-school-amid-renewed-vuwani-shutdown|title=Over 27 000 pupils blocked from attending school amid renewed Vuwani shutdown|last=Qukula|first=Qama|date=2017-04-18|website=702|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; leswi kavanyeteke vukorhokeri bya mfumo na tidyondzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Va aka tiko va thlele va nghenela pfhumba ro ala ku nghenelela nhlawulo wa miganga wa lembe ra 2016, laha nhlayo ya vanhu lava va hlawuleke yi chike kuya fika eka 1,600 ntsena, hambiswiritano vandla ra ANC rithlele ri hlawuriwa ku rhangela masipala wa muganga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenewage.co.za/4-voter-turn-out-in-vuwani/|title=4% vote in Vuwani|last=Mchunu|first=Siphiwe|date=2016-08-04|website=The New Age|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku onhiwa ka swi akiwo swa hulumendhe na ku kavanyetiwa ka tidyondzo swi yele e mahlweni ku fikela hi Dzivamusoko wa lembe ra 2017, nswona swi yise eku dlaweni ka vanhu vambirhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenewage.co.za/police-probe-culpable-homicide-after-two-burn-to-death-in-vuwani/|title=Police probe culpable homicide after two burn to death in Vuwani|first=|date=|website=The New Age|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minthsaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Miganga ya masipala wa Thulamela]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Miganga ya masipala wa Thulamela</title>
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    <id>6070</id>
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      <id>34384</id>
      <timestamp>2019-08-28T15:46:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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        <id>10556</id>
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'''Kereke ya Evangheli ya vu Presbethari eAfrika-Dzonga''' ( kumbe '''Vurhumiwa bya Swisi''' ) i kereke ya vukhongeri bya [[vukreste]] eka xi yenge xa vu [[phurotestanti]].

Kereke leyi yi na vuxaka na tikereke leti hundzulukeke etikweni ra [[Switzerland]]. Kereke leyi yi vumbiwa hi marhavi manharhu: Kereke ya muganga, Ntlawa wa Vafundhisi va xifundza, Huvo leyi fumaka ya kereke.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epcsa.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=148&amp;Itemid=581] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001345/http://www.epcsa.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=148&amp;Itemid=581|date=2015-09-24}}. Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa.&lt;/ref&gt; Kereke leyi yi na mintlwa ya nkombo ya swi fundza.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epcsa.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=150&amp;Itemid=585] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913012157/http://www.epcsa.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=150&amp;Itemid=585|date=2017-09-13}}. Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kereke leyi i xirho xa Vukwetsimi bya tikereke ta misava leti hundzulukeke (World Communion of Reformed Churches).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://wcrc.ch/wcrc-member-churches/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=19 May 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221035027/http://wcrc.ch/wcrc-member-churches/ |archivedate=21 December 2013 }}. World Communion of Reformed Churches.&lt;/ref&gt; Kereke leyi yi tshunelene no tirhisana na Kereke ya Presbetari ya Muzambhiki na Kereke ya evangheli ya Lesotho.

Kereke leyi yi tiyisa Xiboho xa va Apostola (kumbe vunharhu vun'we) na xiboho xa Naysini (Vupfumeri bya vukreste).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epcsa.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=145&amp;Itemid=575] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001337/http://www.epcsa.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=145&amp;Itemid=575|date=2015-09-24}}. Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi lembe ra 2004, kereke leyi a yi ri na 30,000 wa malandza, 37 wa tinhlengeletano na 7 wa miti ya vugandzeri. Ririmi ra ximfumo ra kereke leyi i [[Xitsonga]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=13279&amp;lg=eng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703220210/http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=13279&amp;lg=eng|date=2019-07-03}}. Reformed Online.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Switlhavinyeti swa le handle ==

* [http://www.epcsa.org.za epcsa.org.za] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829185412/http://www.epcsa.org.za/ |date=2019-08-29 }}, tluka ra ximfumo ra kereke eka inthaneti.

== Mitshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Tikereke ta Afrika Dzonga]]
[[Category:Tikereke ta Presbethari e Afrika]]
[[Category:Vukhongeri bya Vukreste]]
[[Category:Vu Presbethari]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Vukhongeri bya Vukreste</title>
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    <title>Tzaneen</title>
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'''Tzaneen''' i doroba leri kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] a [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Doroba leri ri kumeka e ndzhawini leyi noneke naswona yi kumaka mpfula ya kahle, leswi endlaka yi faneriwa hi swa vurimi. Tzaneen yi le ka xiyimo xa vumbirhi hi vukula eka madoroba ya xifundza-nkulu xa Limpopo endzhaku ka Polokwane.

Kuna kwalomu ka 475,000 lava akeke eku suhi ka doroba leri, naswona rina va aka tiko va kwalomu ka 30,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/962048 |title = Main Place Tzaneen |work=Census 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tzaneen i kaya ra rixaka ra vatsonga na ra vapedi hi ku ringana. Kwalomu ka 225 000 wa vanhu va ri xaka ra vapedi vaka BaLobedu, BaNareng, Batlou, Bathlabin na BaKgaga va koxa Tzaneen kuri tiko ra vona. Hilaha ku fanaka, kwalomu ka 220 000 vanhu va rixaka ra Vatsonga va ka Shiluvane-Nkuna e hansi ka Hosi Muhlaba-Shiluvane (132 000 wa vanhu) na rixaka ra kaValoyi e hansi ka Hosi Nwamitwa-Valoyi (91 000 wa vanhu) navona va koxa Tzaneen kuri tiko ra vona. 

Havumbirhi bya tinxaka leti ti akile ku hundza tiko ra Tzaneen na swona tikumeka ti hanyisana hi kurhula e madorobeni yo fana na [[Bushbuckridge]] na Hazyview. Kuna nhlayo ya valungu va kwalomu ka 25 000, leyi katsaka ngopfungopfu Mabhunu, na nhlayonyana ya Vanghezi, Maphutukezi, Maskothi, ma Ayirixi, Mayuda na Majarimani.  

Mpfhuka wa suka e Tzaneen uya e Joni i kwalomu ka 420&amp;nbsp;wa ti khilomitara.

==Minthsaho==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Tindzhawu ta xifundza xa Mopani]]
[[Category:Madoroba ya xifundza-nkulu xa Limpopo]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Tindzhawu ta xifundza xa Mopani</title>
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    <title>Category:Madoroba ya xifundza-nkulu xa Limpopo</title>
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    <title>Burgersdorp, Limpopo</title>
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      <text bytes="519" sha1="60c0efgni71ko2a3xfnj7yvuib1mk1i" xml:space="preserve">'''Burgersdorp''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 32 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/962081 |title = Main Place Burgersdorp |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Tzaneen]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xibedlele xa Mankweng</title>
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      <text bytes="2482" sha1="t75xcmnigc8qofq0gfsgjm1mjab1u9y" xml:space="preserve">'''Xibedlele xa Mankweng''' i xibedlele xa xifundza-nkulu lexi nge dorobeni ra [[Polokwane]], e [[Limpopo]]. Xibedlele lexi xi vumbiwa hi swi bedlele swimbirhi swakhale kunga Pietersburg Hospital Campus na Mankweng Hospital Campus naswona xina mibede ya 450. Xi hetiwe hi lembe ra 1988 naswona xi pfuriwe ximfumo hi khale ka holobye wa mfumo wa tiko-xikaya wa Lebowa, nkulukumba Noko Ramodike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mankweng&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://doctors-hospitals-medical-cape-town-south-africa.blaauwberg.net/hospitals_clinics_state_hospitals/state_public_hospitals_clinics_limpopo_south_africa/polokwane_mankweng_hospital_complex_mankweng_limpopo_south_africa|title=South African Doctors Hospitals Medical - State Hospitals - Polokwane Mankweng Hospital Complex - Mankweng, Limpopo, South Africa|website=doctors-hospitals-medical-cape-town-south-africa.blaauwberg.net|access-date=2019-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xibedlele lexi xi endle matimu loko ku velekiwa ka Blessing Hlungwane, n'wana loyi a a nyuhele ngopfu naswona a tika kwalomu ka 6,68 wa tikhilogiramu hi lembe ra 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://capricornreview.co.za/14865/special-baby-boy-born-at-mankweng-hospital/|title=Special baby boy born at Mankweng Hospital|date=2013-10-22|website=Capricorn Voice|access-date=2019-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xithlele xi endla matimu kuva xibedlele xo sungula xa mfumo lexi endleke vuhandzuri bya mbilu, laha Dr. Muila SL a rhangeleke xipani xa madokodela na va ongori hi Dzivamusoko wa lembe ra 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://reviewonline.co.za/300776/doctors-mankweng-hospital-perform-successful-open-heart-surgery/|title=Doctors at Mankweng Hospital perform successful open heart surgery|date=2019-04-19|website=Review|access-date=2019-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
Xibedlele lexi xi akiwe hikwalaho ka swivilelo leswi humeke kusuka eka tihosi ta miganga e xifundzeni xa Thabamoopo. Tihosi leti akuri Kgoshi Mothapo, Kgoshi Mothiba, Kgoshi Molepo, Kgoshi Dikgale, Kgoshi Sophia Mamabolo na Kgoshi Mamabolo wale Segopje.  Kgoshi Mamabolo wale Segopje u nyikele hi misava laha ku akiweke xibedlele kona. Tihosi leti to burisane na Dr Cedrick Namedi Phatudi, khale ka holobye ya mfumo wa Lebowa, leswaku a hoxa xikombelo xa mali eka mfumo wa tiko wa nkarhi wolowo. Xi hetiwe hi lembe ra 1988 naswona xi pfuriwe ximfumo hi khale ka holobye wa mfumo wa tiko-xikaya wa Lebowa, nkulukumba Noko Ramodike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mankweng&quot;/&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Swibedlele swa Limpopo]]
[[Category:Swibedlele]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Swibedlele swa Limpopo</title>
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    <title>Ku tirhisiwa ka swidzdziharisi hi ndlela ya vusopfa</title>
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      <text bytes="725" sha1="fa1e6pq0navepo482b99rbzpwp1rlth" xml:space="preserve">Swikombiso 
* Ku loloha 
* Ku cinca ka Miri  
* Ku Tala ka swihundla 
Swidzdziharisi leswi tirhisiwaka hi Vana eAfrica Dzonga 
* Mbangi 
* Byalwa 
* Nyaope 
* Cocaine 
* Heroin
Xana swi Vula Yini Loko Va Ku Ku tirhisiwa ka swidzdziharisi hi vusopfa?
* Rona Ra ha tiveka hi &quot; drug abuse&quot; leri vulaka Ku tirhisiwa hi vusopfa ka swinwana hi mpimo wa le henhla.

Xana i ncini lexi endlaka leswaku vanhu va ti kuma va tirhisa swidzidziharisi hi ndlela ya vusopfa?
* Ku vilela
* Ku ringeta
* Ku kucetela hi vanghana
* Ku rhulisa moya loko va kwatile.

Xinwana xa swilo leswi endla leswaku vanhu va tikuma vari eku dzaheni siku na siku i ku va se va toloverile naswona miri wa vona wu twa onge swidzidziharisi i swilo swa ntolovelo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Louisa Thuketana</title>
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      <text bytes="3098" sha1="1qx5jaafz2s7nwm9i4vsuora89ks7a9" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
'''Louisa Thuketana''' a kuri nghamu ya mufundhisi na mutsari wa tibuku ta Xitsonga, nkulukumba [[Felix Alois Thuketana|F.A Thuketana]]. Thuketana u kongomise marito yo rhanga ya tibuku ta yena ku khensa nsati wakwe loyi a n'wi seketeleke eka vutsari byakwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nciki&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ndzi ngo tinciki!|last=Thuketana|first=F.A.|publisher=Sasavona Publishers|year=1987|isbn=9780907985426|location=Pretoria|pages=iii}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rito ro rhanga eka buku ya &quot;Ndzi ngo tinciki!&quot; ==
{{Quote box|width=50em|align=center|quote='''Eka nhonga yanga ya matsema''' &lt;br /&gt; Wena nhonga yanga ya matsema, wena manemba-tinxiyi, mafaneriwa-hi-ku rhomba nkata mina. Ndzi vula wena Shilavi ntukulu wa Jonasi wa Maphophe. Ntumbuluko wu alele gwambe na Dzhavana, wu te nikiniki! Swe mbilwini ya munhu a swi tive hi ye n'wini, un'wana munhu a nga swi tivi. A a swi aba-ambele ni ku swi kumbetela kunene, hi ku hlela marito, hi ku ma hluta ni hi ku xiyaxiya swiendlo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Mbilu ya munhu i lwandle, mbilu ya mina i nyoxi wena N'wa-Louis, wansati-makhunela. Yi lo eka wena yo phatsa, hikuva hi mpfhuka u ndzi humesa elawini, mina na wena hi vuhlalu ringana ni ngoti. Marito ni swiendlo swa wena, i swa wansati la rhandzaka nuna wa yena hi rirhandzu ra rixaka ra rona, rirhandzu leri pfumalekaka, rirhandzu lero tat xirhundzu ni rihlelo. Ina i ntiyiso wena nhonga yanga ya matsema, rirhandzu ra wena eka mina a ri vanga xiange-ange xa siku rin'we, i rirhandzu leri ra ha thlithlaka ni ku phukuma ni swesi, endzhaku ka khu-mbirhi wa malembe lam taleke.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Xana rirhandzhu relero ndzi ta ri khensa hi yini wena mana wa vananga? Ndzi ta ri khensa hi yini leswi risima ni nkoka wa rona swi ndzi hubaka mano, swi ndzi hundzulaka munhu wo hanya hi makoko, munhu wo phuma xifuva? Ina, wenq nhonga yanga ya matsema, marito ya mina ya kayivela, ya tsandzeka ku fikelela eka leswi mbilu a yi ta swi phofula loko onge nomu yi nyikiwile. Ndzi hava xikhenso lexi nga ringanaka kumbe ku fikelela ntikelo wa rirhandzu ra wena eka mina. Hmabi swi ri tano wena nhonga yanga ya matsema, amukela nyikonyana hi leyi, i xibukwana lexi ndzi xi mpfampfarhuteke u ri miehleketweni. Kunene xi nga ka xi nga fikeleri evurhandza-hi-mbilu. Ntsena tsundzuka knatanga, tsundzuka leswaku vukulu bya nyiko a hi byona byi nga ni nkoka ngopfu, lexi nga ni nkoka ku tlurisa, hi mbilu leyi hisekelaka ku nyika. Hikwalaho ndzi nge amukela, xibukwana lexi hi mandla mambirhi. Mixlaphungana, milorho, milombyana, mijamujamu ni muhuhudyana ya byongo bya mina nuna wa wena, a swi ku hungate, swi ku susa xivundza hi nkarhi wa ku vundza.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Ina, na mina ndzi ri tano Muhlengwe ndziwena, ndzi ri ndzi ngo tinciki! Ku ri ni ku ku xokola, ndzi la ku susa laha u khomaneke kona, emakorhweni ya mbilu ya mina, ri nga tiko leri u fumaka eka rina hi rirhandzu ra muxaka wa rona, rirhandzu lero tenga, rirhandzu ro pfuma swihesi ni swindodzwi.&lt;br /&gt; 
|source=— '''[[Felix Alois Thuketana|F.A Thuketana]]''', 26 [[Ndzhati]] 1986&lt;ref name=&quot;Nciki&quot; /&gt;}}

==Minthsaho==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|||Louisa Thuketana}}</text>
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      <text bytes="2091" sha1="ijm2zmny7vwwbg7oamdnwrljudphgo9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:TheFaulknerPortable.jpg|thumb|250px|Muchini wo tsala wa William Faulkner's mutsari wa tinovhele wale Amerikha]]

'''Mutsari wa tinovhele''' i [[mutsari]] loyi a tsalaka ngopfungopfu matsalwa ya tinovhele, hambileswi vathlelaka va tsala [[matsalwa-nene]] kumbe [[minthseketo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |first = Alexandra |last = Alter | issn = 0099-9660
| title = How to Write a Great Novel | work = Wall Street Journal | accessdate = 2014-02-15 | date = 2009-11-13 | url = https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703740004574513463106012106
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Van'wana vatsari va tinovhele va tihanyisa hi ku tsala loku, kasi van'wana va korhokela ku fikelela xiyimo lexi. Votala vatsari va tinovhele va kayakaya loko va ta kandziyisa novhele ya madyondza, kambe endzhaku ka swona votala va ya mahlweni va tsala no kandziyisa matsalwa ya vona handle ka swiphiqo.

Vatsari va tinovhele va suka eka vuyimelo na mintlawa yo hambanahambana eka nhlangano wa vanhu, naswona leswi swi tala ku vumba vundzeni bya mintirho ya vona ya vutsari. Ku amukeriwa ka matsalwa hi vanhu, ku xopaxopiwa ka vutsari, ku hoxiwa ka mintokoto ya mutsari eka matsalwa ya yena na swimunuhatwa, swi nga vangela leswaku mutsari a a yelanisiwa ni matsalwa yakwe kumbe mintsheketo yakwe. Hiswona leswi vangelaka leswaku, mbangu lowu mutsari a tsalaka eka wona, na ndlela leyi matsalwa ya yena ma amukeriwaka ha yina hi vakhandziyisi na xitshungu, swi hlohloteriwa hi muxaka wa munhu, kuhlanganisa na rimbewu, xiyimo, rixaka, vutiko, vukhongeri na ndzhawu leyi a tshamaka kumbe a kuleleke eka yona. Hilaha ku fanaka, van'wana vatsari va ticha mavito ya vutsari.

Hambileswi vatsari van'wana va tinovhele va tsalaka minthseketo leswaku va ti korwisa, hakanyingi vatsari kuloni va tinovhele na vakaneri va hoxa vutihlamuleri byo karhi eka vatsari va tinovhele. Vatsari votala vatirhisa kulangutela loku, leswaku va tsala hindlela yokarhi, kuhlanganisa na mapfumba yo karhi kumbe tindlela to hambanahambana ku yimela vunene hi ku tiyiseka.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Vatsari va tinovhele]]
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'''Muteki wa mahungu''' i munhu loyi a hlengeletaka, a tsala, kumbe a haxa [[mahungu]] kumbe timhaka leti endlekaka sweswinyana. Muteki wa mahungu anga tirhana na tin'wana na tin'wana kumbe a lavisisa timhaka to karhi hi ku kongoma. Hambiswiritano vateki va mahungu votala va rhandza ku hlawulekisa swiyenge swa mahungu leswi va tirhanaka na swona, ivi va tirhisana na van'wana ku kandziyisa [[maphephahungu]] lawa ma khumbaka timhaka to hambanahambana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Diderot|first1=Denis|title=Journalist|url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=did;cc=did;rgn=main;view=text;idno=did2222.0000.536|website=The Encyclopedia of Diderot &amp; d'Alembert: Collaborative Translations Project|accessdate=1 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hixikombiso, muteki wa mahungu ya [[tamintlangu]], u tsala no haxa hi tamintlangu ntsena hambi leswi angava a thoriwe hi bindzu ra phephahungu leri khumbaka ti mhaka to hamabanahambana.

== Mintsheketo ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Vuteki bya mahungu]]
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    <title>Vu Presbethari</title>
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      <text bytes="5191" sha1="t3tuy5l9p80p98gwqqclqre4xonn9on" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Burning-Bush-1.gif|thumb|300x300px|Nhova leyi tshwaka i mfungolowu tirhisiwaka ngopfu e tikerekeni ta Vu Presbethari; lowu imfungo wa kereke ya Vu Presbethari ya le Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.is/20130618032809/http://www.presbyterianireland.org/about-us/historical-information/burning-bush]&lt;/ref&gt; Marito ya xilatini lama tsariweke ma hundzuluxeriwa ku vula &quot;Yatshwa kambe yihluketile&quot;.Eka Vu Presbethari, matsalele man'wana mari &quot;Yitshwa kambe a yiherisiwanga&quot;.]]

'''Vu Presbethari''' i xiyenge xa ndzhavuko lowu hundzuluxiweke endzeni ka vupfumeri bya vu [[Phurostentanti]], lebyi simekiweke kusukela e [[Nghilandi]], ngopfungopfu e [[Scotland]].

Tikereke ta vu Presbethari ti tekelela vito ra tona eka mafumele ya kereke ya Vu Presbethari, kumbe huvo ya vakulu leyi fumaka. Tikereke to tala leti hundzuluxiweke ti lulamisiwe hi ndlela leyi, kambe loko rito Presbethari ri tirhisiwa ngopfu eka tikereke leti sukaka eka kereke ya Scotland,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.brimbankpc.org.au/fileadmin/filemount/PDF_s/Pres_History.pdf|title=Presbyterian Church History Outlined|last=Ward|first=Rowland|publisher=Brimbrank Presbyterian Church|language=English|accessdate=10 April 2018|archive-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404090538/http://www.brimbankpc.org.au/fileadmin/filemount/PDF_s/Pres_History.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; na mintlawa yin'wana yo kaneta leyi vumbiweke hi nkarhi wa [[nyimpi ya xin'wana manana ya manghiza]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Benedict |first=Philip |author-link=Philip Benedict |title=Christ's Churches Purely Reformed: A Social History of Calvinism |location=New Haven |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0300105070 |page=xiv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vu Presbethari swi kandziyisa nkoka wa vuhosi bya xikwembu, matimba ya matsalwa, na xilaveko xa musa hi ripfumelo eka kreste. Mfumo wa kereke ya Vu Presbethari wu tiyisiwe hi milawu ya nhlangano hi lembe ra 1707,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aosp/1707/6|work=The National Archives|publisher=United Kingdom|accessdate=19 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; leyi vumbeke mfumo wa Brithani. Kutiyisa kwalano, va Presbethari votala lava va akeke e Nghilandi va komba timintsun ta vona e tikweni ta Scotland, naswona vukhongeri lebyi byi yisiwe e Amerikha, ngopfungopfu hi varhurhi vopfa e tikweni ra Scotland. Vupfumeri bya vu Presbethari e tikweni ra Scotland byi khomelele eka [[ntivo-vukwembu]] lebyi hundzuluxiweke hi  [[John Calvin]] na vadya-ndzhaka lava n'wilandzeleke, hambileswi kungana mavonele yohambanahambana ya ntivo-vukwembu eka Vu Presbethari bya manguva lawa. Tikereke ta vu Presbethari ti vumbiwa hi marhavi manharhu, kunga  Kereke ya muganga, Ntlawa wa Vafundhisi va xifundza, Huvo leyi fumaka ya kereke.

Timintsu ta Vu Presbethari ti sukela eka hundzuluxo wa malembe-xidzana xa vu 16, laha xikombiso xa John Calvin wa tiko ra Geneva, a ari na nhlohlotelo lowu kulu. Eka malembe-xidzana ya vu 20, va Presbethari va tlange xiphemu xo hlawuleka eka [[nhlangano wa vukhongeri bya vukreste]], kuhlanganisa na [[huvo ya tikereke ta misava]]. Tikereke ta vu Presbethari byotala ti kume tindlela to tirhisiana na tikereke tin'wana leti hundzuriweke na vakreste va mindzhavuko yo hambanahambana, ngopfungopfu eka [[Vukwetsimi bya ti kereke ta misava leti hundzulukeke]]. Tikereke tin'wana ta vu Presbethari nghenele nhlangano na tikereke tin'wana, to fana na [[Vu Vandla]], [[Vu Luthere]], [[Vu Anglikheni]] na [[Vu Methodisi]]. Vu Presbethari e tikweni ra [[Amerikha]] byi fike na varhurhi vo suka e tikweni ra Scotland, na va aki vale New England, lava ava vir va pfumeri va vukreste bya vuvandla, naswona va cinceke hikwalaho ka pfumba ro hlanganisa swifundza-nkulu swa Amerikha hi 1801.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Mark J Englund-Krieger|title=The Presbyterian Mission Enterprise: From Heathen to Partner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Llz6CQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA40|year=2015|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|pages=40–41|isbn=9781630878788}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xikan'we na va Episkopali, va Presbethari vatala kuva vanhu lava fuweke&lt;ref name=&quot;THE EPISCOPALIANS&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=B. Drummond, Jr. |last=Ayres |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/28/us/the-episcopalians-an-american-elite-with-roots-going-back-to-jamestown.html |title=The Episcopalians: An American Elite with Roots Going Back to Jamestown |newspaper=New York Times |date=28 April 1981 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona vadyondzekile kutlula mintlawa yin'wana ya vukhongeri,&lt;ref&gt;Irving Lewis Allen, &quot;WASP—From Sociological Concept to Epithet,&quot; ''Ethnicity,'' 1975 154+&lt;/ref&gt; naswona vakumeka ngopfu eka ntlawa wa van'wa mabindzu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |first=Andrew |last=Hacker |title=Liberal Democracy and Social Control |journal=[[American Political Science Review]] |year=1957 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1009–1026 [p. 1011] |jstor=1952449 |doi=10.2307/1952449 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vabi va milawu na van'wa tipolitiki e Amerikha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Baltzell |title=The Protestant Establishment |year=1964 |page=9 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vu Presbethari]]
[[Category:Vukhongeri]]
[[Category:Vukhongeri bya Vukreste]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2942" sha1="9i75nonf6e5ifdyrymabefz2noguh05" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|right| [[Albert Einstein]] a kuri phurofesa ya Sayensi]]

'''Phurofesa''' (ha kanyingi yi komisiwa ku va '''Prof.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;etymonline.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=professor |title=Professor |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |accessdate=2007-07-28 |last=Harper |first=Douglas}}&lt;/ref&gt;) i xiyimo xa tidyondzo e yunivhesithi na tindzhawu ta vuleteri e matikweni yo tala. Vuhundzuluxeri byo kongoma bya riviti lerisukaka eka ririmi ra xilatini, &quot;i munhu loyi a tiyisisaka vumbhoni&quot; naswona a ri monhu loyi a ngana ntokoto eka ta[[vutshila]] kumbe [[sayensi]], thicara ya xiyimo xa le henhla.&lt;ref name=&quot;etymonline.com&quot;/&gt;

Eka swiyimo swa tindzhawu ta tidyondzo, riviti &quot;phurofesa&quot; ri hlamusela xiyimo xa le henhlahenhla xa vudyondzeki, lexi thlelaka xi tiveka tani hi &quot;Phurofesa-nene&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;macleans.ca&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/education/uniandcollege/assistant-associate-what-the-words-before-professor-mean/|last=Pettigrew|first=Todd|date=2011-06-17|title=Assistant? Associate? What the words before &quot;professor&quot; mean: Titles may not mean what you think they do|website=Maclean's|accessdate=2016-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=United Kingdom, Academic Career Structure|url=https://www.eui.eu/ProgrammesAndFellowships/AcademicCareersObservatory/AcademicCareersbyCountry/UnitedKingdom|publisher=European Univesrsity Institute|accessdate=28 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; E matikweni mambe riviti &quot;phurofesa&quot; rithlela ritirhisiwa ku eka swiyimo swa le hansi-nyana swa vudyondzeki ku fana na &quot;Phurofesa ya madyondza&quot; kumbe &quot;hlantswa ya Phurofesa&quot;; ngopfungopfu e tikweni ra [[Amerikha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Hartley|first1=Tom|title=Dr Who or Professor Who? On Academic Email Etiquette|url=https://thermaltoy.wordpress.com/2013/01/26/dr-who-or-professor-who-on-academic-email-etiquette/|publisher=Tom Hartley|accessdate=28 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Matirhisele lama a ya pfumelelekanga e matikweni mambe.

Phurofesa u tala ku endla vulavisisi a thlela a letela machudeni eka tidyondzo ta vona. Eka ti yunivhesithi tin'wana tiphurofesa ti thlela ti pfuna machudeni na lawa ma endlaka vulavisisi leswaku ma hetisa switsalwana swa vona swo engetela. E tiyunivhesithi to tala tiphurofesa-nene ti tala ku rhangela tindzawulo kumbe swikolo swa vuleteri, swipani swa mindzavisiso na ku teka swiyimo swova nhloko ya yunivhesit kumbe xandla xa yona.&lt;ref name=&quot;prom&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/promoted-from-doctor-to-professor-what-changes|title=Promoted from doctor to professor: what changes?|date=14 November 2016|publisher=Times Higher Education|accessdate=29 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Tiphurofesa ti tala ku va erivaleni na swona ti languteriwa kuva varhangeri lava ngana ntokoto eka vutshila bya vona e tikweni kumbe e misaveni.&lt;ref name=&quot;prom&quot;/&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Swiyimo swa vudyondzeki]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Swiyimo swa vudyondzeki</title>
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  <page>
    <title>AmaBhungane</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/913798330|AmaBhungane]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Bruemmer_with_M&amp;G_posters.jpg|thumb|Wun'wana wa vasunguri va AmaBhungane na mufambisi kulobye Stefaans Brümmer na tiphowustara ta va  ''Mail &amp; Guardian'' ya Afrika Dzonga ku nga nyuziphepha ya vuhaxi bya vhiki, leswi kombisaka switori swa vukungundzwwana bya “Oilgate” eka vuhaxi bya vona bya ti 27 ta Meyi (Mudyaxihi) na ti 5 ta Mhawuri (Agoste)  2005.]]
'''Va AmaBhungane''' i nhlangano wa vatsari va vulavisisi bya mahungu lava langutanaka ngopfu na vukundzwana bya swa tipolitiki eAfrika Dzonga na le ka matiko ya vamakhelwane. Musunguri wa nhlangano lowu u ri vito ra vona ri vula ximfufununu xa vulongo (&quot;dung beetle) hi XiZulu, leri hi rin'wana ra tindzimi ta nkoka eAfrika Dzonga. Va vula leswaku va le ku yimbuleni vulongo bya ku nuherisa fambiselo ra xidimokrasi.”

Vulavisisi bya vona bya manyala ya “#GuptaLeaks” byi yimbule switori swotala eka malembe, switori leswi nga kombisa vukungundzwana lebyikulukumba eka mfumo wa Afrika Dzonga, kasi hi ku endla ntirho wa vona va kume ku amukeriwa ngopfu hi ku nyikiwa masagwati hi mahungu ya vulavisisi bya vona eka swa matsalwa ya mahungu.  Swiviko leswi va nga swi humesa swi komba leswo  ndyangu wa MaGupta wu”khotse no bvanyangeta mfumo” ku nga state capture hi xinakulobye xa vona na ndyangu wa loyi a a ri Mupresident Zuma, na swona leswi swi vangele ku hluriwa ka ANC eka nhlawulo wa Afrika Dzonga wa lembe ra 2016 eka madorobankulu ya Afrika Dzonga, ku hluriwa ka Zuma tani hi Mupresidente wa African National Congress hi ti 18 N'wendzamhala (Disemba) 2017 na ku huma ka Zuma entirhweni wa ku va nhloko ya mfumo hi ti 14 ta Februwara (Nyenyenyane) 2018. Na swona vatsari lava va mahungu va tlhele va va na xiavo eka ku humesa manyala lama ya tiviwak tani hi Paradise Papers exposé na swiviko swin'wana leswi fambelanaka na swa ikhonomi ya swa tipolitiki eAfrika Dzonga.  

== Masagwati ==
Leswi landzaka hi man'wana ya masagwati lama ya nga nyiketiwa va AmaBhungane na swirhokulobye swa ntlawa wa vona:  

* Hi ti 19 Machi (Nyenyankulu) 2018:  “Vatsari va va mahungu va 19 va AmaBhungane, va Daily Maverick na va News24, va winile sagwati ra 2017 Taco Kuiper Award hi ku xonga ka ntirho wa vona wa vulavisisi bya mahungu eka ti-emeyili ta ku paluxiwa ka manyala ya MaGupta, leswi tlhelaku swi tiviwa hi vito ra #GuptaLeaks.” Taco Kuiper hi rin'wana ra masagwati lamakulukumba swinene ea vatsari va vulavisisi bya mahungu.

* Hi 16 Novhemba 2017:  va AmaBhungane va avelane hi Sagwati ra lembe ra 2017 Vodacom Journalist of the Year Award eka xiyenge xa swa timali na ikhonomi na va Daily Maverick na va News24 hi nxaxameto wa vutsari bya mahungu ya #GuptaLeaks.

* Hi ti 28 Juni (Khotavuxika) 2017: vatsari va mahungu Susan Comrie na Craig McKune, va nga valavisisi va mahungu va amaBhungane, va wine sagwati ra lembe ra 2016 Sanlam Financial Journalist of the Year na ra lembe ra swa timali eka swa vutsari bya mahungu va lembe ku nga Online Financial Journalist of the Year awards, hi ku fanana.

== Tinoti ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Languta na le ka ==

* Mass surveillance in South Africa</text>
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    <title>Ricece</title>
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      <text bytes="1762" sha1="124vl0qu9ph0qmdua3jnq9sfcd37t8k" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Umbilical-newborn.jpg |thumb|150px|Xifaniso xa ricece, loko ri bohiwa nkava]]

'''Ricece''' i riviti leri tirhisiwaka ku hlamusela &quot;[[n'wana]]&quot; lo ntsongo swinene naswona loyi a nga si kotaka ku vulavula. E ka ririmi ra xitsonga, riviti leri ri tirhisiwa ku hlamusela vana va [[munhu|vanhu]] ntsena.

Riviti &quot;ricece&quot;, ri tirhisiwa ngopfu ku hlamusela n'wana loyi a ha ku tswariwaka ku fikela ka loko a ta heta n'hweti. Eka vutshunguri riviti ricece ri hlamusela n'wana loyi a nge hansi ka masiku ya 28 endzhaku ko velekiwa&lt;ref name=&quot;mwn&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Neonate | work = Merriam-Webster online dictionary | publisher = '''Merriam-Webster''' | url = http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&amp;va=neonate | accessdate = 2007-03-27 | url-status= | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070311003331/http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&amp;va=neonate | archivedate = 2007-03-11 | df =  }}&lt;/ref&gt;; riviti leri ri thlela ri tirhisiwa ku hlamusela vana lava tswariwaka ngu nga si fika nkarhi, kumbe loko ku hundze karhi; n'wana loyi a nga si velekiwaku u vuriwa &quot;[[nyimba]]&quot;.  

Eka xinghiza, xikolo xa tincece i xikolo xa vana lava nge xikarhi ka malembe ya mune na malembe ya nkombo. Kasi i ku ya hi nawu n'wana lo ntsongo ku vuriwa ku sukela loko a velekiwa, ku ya eka malembe ya khume-nhungu.&lt;ref name=&quot;infancy&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Infancy | work = Law.com Legal Dictionary | publisher = Law.com | url = http://dictionary.law.com/Default.aspx?selected=949 | accessdate = 2015-09-30 | url-status= | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150905105204/http://dictionary.law.com/Default.aspx?selected=949 | archivedate = 2015-09-05 | df =  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:vanhu]]
[[Category:Vutsongwana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yvonne Mokgoro</title>
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      <text bytes="1106" sha1="c6wvsvid8j6wquf9ipup57l0ipfbeeo" xml:space="preserve">'''Yvonne Mokgoro''' o langiwini a bencini hi lembe ra 1994 hi nel;son mandela.yvonne i membara ya ya bodo ya centre ya human rights a xikolweni xale henhla xa pretoria imu tsama xitulu wa south africalaw reformcommission o ngene xikolo a north west univesity a humelela hi aB degree luris hi lembe ra 1982 ivi ata hi LLB degree malembe mambiri lama landzelaka.o dyondzile xikolo kambe e univesity ya pennsyvania law school a khuma degree ya LLM a xikarhi kati awadi leti anga tikuma hinkwato u vuye a nyikiwa leti landzelaka, ya black lawyers association hi lembe ra 1995 na the oude molen reserve order of merit hi lembe ra (1999-1996) na legal proffetion women achiever award hi centre ya human rights ka xikolo xa le henhla xa pretoria hi lembe ra 2003 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/justice-yvonne-mokgoro |access-date=2019-10-05 |archive-date=2019-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019225743/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/justice-yvonne-mokgoro |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== References ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tsietsi Mashinini</title>
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      <comment>Created an article for Teboho MacDonald Mashinini in Tsonga</comment>
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      <text bytes="1803" sha1="e6fsvq4zm0y0m4w7x1evq92wtuo7425" xml:space="preserve">Teboho Mcdonald Mashinini uvelekwile enwalungwini wajabuvu eSoweto&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Soweto|Soweto]]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ulovile hiximumu edorobeni ra conakry eguinea u lahliwile eavalon. Mashinini a ga se lova, uhlohlotele vadyondzi vaxikolo xa yena ku lwisana na kuva  vana va dyondza hi ririmi ra xibunu.u ringetile ku hlanganisa vadyondzi ku lwisana ni nawu lowu. hi siku ra khumenharhu hi kotavuxika hi lembe ra gidi-madzana-kaye-makumenkombo-tsevu, madzana nthlanu wa vadyondzi vahlanganile e-orlando donaldson community hall/ku vulavula hi hansidyonzo ya vanhu vantima. Hi siku ra khumetsevu kotavuxika va dyondzi va xikolo xa mashinini va sungurile ku macha ni ku vilela hi mhaka leyi. maphorisa va sungurile ku balesela ku dlayiwile Hastings Ndlovu na Hector Pieterson loyi a ri na malembe ya khume-mbiri u vile a nikiwa xidlodlo xa ku lwela ntshuxeko wa vanhu va tima eka tumiltuos student rebellion wa mudzadzi-afrika.E ndzaku ka sweswo maphorisa va nwi hlongosile kutani a balekela Botswana hi nhweti ya mhawuri hi lembe ra gidi-mdzana-kaye-makumenkombo-ntsevu u tshamile kona tinhweti-nyana. ku suka kwaleno u yile e-Guinea e ivory nale Nigeria kambe eku hetelele u yile aya ntshama e-Liberia la ha anga lovola kona wansati vito ra yena ari Welma Campbell, va katesiwile hi vana va mbirhi va va nhwanyana ku nga Nomkhithi na Thembi e- dzaku- ka sweswo vukati bya vona byi herile, kunani u endzerile  e united-kingdom na united-state, unikiwile vungwazi bya ku lwela dyonzo ya vanhu vantima.Mshinini u lovile hi rifu ra xitsuketana hi lembe ra gidi-madyanzana-kaye-makumekaye uyisiwile xibedlele ku ya langutisisa malovelo a yena.ku kumeke leswaku miri wa yena u vavisekile swinene ngopfu. u lovile hi suku ra nthlanu hi nhweti ya mawuwana hi lembe ra gidi-madzana-kaye-makume-kaye u lahliwile e jabawu e soweto.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Edwin Cameron</title>
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      <comment>Cameron hi lembe ra 2014</comment>
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      <text bytes="18881" sha1="nc3w7xizt5f2zxflmc87ayh4lwatxk9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox President|honorific-prefix=[[The Honourable]]|name=Edwin Cameron|honorific-suffix=|image=Edwin Cameron in robes.jpg|imagesize=|caption=Cameron hi lembe ra 2014|office=Justice of the [[Constitutional Court of South Africa]]|nominator=|appointer=[[President of South Africa|President]] [[Kgalema Motlanthe]]|predecessor=|successor=|office2=Judge of the [[Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa|Supreme Court of Appeal]]|nominator2=&lt;!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number--&gt;|appointer2=[[President of South Africa|President]] [[Thabo Mbeki]]|office3=Acting Judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa|nominator3=&lt;!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number--&gt;|appointer3=|office4=Judge of the [[Witwatersrand Local Division]]|nominator4=&lt;!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number--&gt;|appointer4=[[President of South Africa|President]] [[Nelson Mandela]]|restingplace=|restingplacecoordinates=|birthname=|nationality=|party=|otherparty=&lt;!--For additional political affiliations--&gt;|spouse=|partner=&lt;!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--&gt;|relations=|children=|residence=|alma_mater=[[Stellenbosch University]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Keble College, Oxford|Keble College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]&lt;br/&gt;[[University of South Africa]]|occupation=|profession=|religion=|signature=|website=|footnotes=}}'''Edwin Cameron''' (u velekiwe hi ti 15 Februwari/Nyenyenyane 1953 ePretoria) a a ri muavanyisi (jaji) wa Khoto ya Vumbiwa ku nga Constitutional Court of South Africa. U tiveka ngopfu hi ku lwela timfanelo ta vanhu va ku va na [[HIV/AIDS]] na timfanelo ta vanhu vo rhandzana hi rimbewu ro fanana ku nga gay-rights activism na swona u khensiwile hi [[Nelson Mandela]] &quot;tani hi wun'wana wa tinhenha letintshwa ta Afrika Dzonga ku nga [[Afrika-Dzonga|South Africa]]&quot;.

== Vutomi bya yena emasungulweni ==
Cameron u velekeriwe ePitori ku nga Pretoria. Tatana wa yena u ve a khotsiwa hikokwalaho ka ku yiva movha, kasi mhani wa yena a a nga ri na ndlela yo n'wi wundla. Hikokwalaho u tshame ngopfu vuhlangi bya yena eka ndhawu ya swisiwana ya le Queenstown. Sesi wa yena lonkulu u dlayiwe loko Cameron a ri na malembe ya nkaye.

Cameron u winile basari ya ku ya dyondza ePretoria Boys’ High School, xin'wana xa swikolo swa le henhla eAfrika Dzonga, kasi kwalano u fike a va mudyondzi wa le henhla swinene, hi ku vula ka yena, &quot;a a ri mufana wa xikolo wo tlhariha swinene&quot;. Endzhaku ka sweswo, u ve a ya eStellenbosch University, laha a nga dyondzela kona Latin na ti-classics. Laha, a a tshama eWilgenhof Mens Residence. Endzhaku ka sweswo, u ve a ya eOxford University tani hi Rhodes Scholar. Loko a fika kwalano u ve a cinca a dyondzela nawu no kuma digri ya BA in Jurisprudence a tlhela a kuma na Bachelor of Civil Law, kutani a wina Vinerian Scholarship. Loko a vuya eAfrika Dzonga u hetile dyondzo ya  LLB eUniversity of South Africa na swona u ve gracuweti ya le henhla swinene eka nawu.

Masungulo ya ntirho wa Cameron ya pfanganyise swa ku dyondzisa eyunivhesiti na ku va a tirha tani hi muyimeri eka nawo eka feme ya swa nawu ku nga legal practice. Hi lembe ra 1982, loko a ka ri a dyondzisa eUniversity of the Witwatersrand, u ve a tsala xisolo xikulukumba xa Chief Justice L. C. Steyn, loyi a a ri murhandziwa wa mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu ku nga apartheid. Kasi hi1987, Cameron u ve a tlhela a ya emahlweni a hlamsuela leswo vaavanyisi vanharhu va xiyimo xa le henhla va Afrika Dzonga va fanele ku suka eka swiyimo leswi ku endlela ku hlayisa ku xiximeka ka ta vuavanyisi, eka leswi a katsa na loyi khale a a ri Chief Justice, Pierre Rabie, ku endlala ku xiximeka ka ta vuavanyisi ta tikhoto. Cameron u tirhe eJohannesburg Bar ku sukela hi 1983 ku ya eka 1994. Ku sukela hi 1986 a a ri muyimeri wo langutana na timfanelo ta vumunhu ku nga human rights a tirha eWits's [http://www.law.wits.ac.za/cals/ Centre for Applied Legal Studies], laha kona hi 1989 nga nyiketiwa xiyimo xa ku va profesa wa swa milawu. Ntirho wa Cameron a wu katsa ku tirhana na swa milawu ya ta vatirhi na milawu ya ku thoriwa, no yimela valwi va nhlangano wa  African National Congress lava a va vekiwa milandzu yo lwa na  mfumo ku nga treason; kasi na lava a va phikizana na ku ya evusocheni bya vutho ra mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu hikokwalaho ka ripfumelo ra vona ro phikizana na fambiselo ra xihlawuhlawu; a tlhela a sirhelela lava a va lwela timfanelo to sirheleleka eka misava, na lava a va susiwa etindaweni ta vona hi nswirhi hi mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu; a a lwela na mfanelo ya ndzinganano eka vavanuna vo rhandzana na vavanuna van'wana xikan'we na vamanana vo rhandzana na vamanana van'wan. Hi 1992 ve mutsari wa muhlanganelwa na mutsari wun'wana  (ku nga Tony Honoré, wun'wana wa lava va va n'wi letela Oxford) va ve va tsala hi nhlokomhaka leyi nge: ''Honoré's South African Law of Trusts''. Cameron u ve muavanyisi wa le henhla swinene ku nga silk hi 1994.

== Ntirho wa yena tani hi Muavanyisi ==
[[File:Jo'burg_High_Court.jpg|right|thumb|Witwatersrand Local Division (leyi sweswi ku nga South Gauteng High Court) e [[Joni|Johannesburg]]]]

=== Khoto (Huvo)  ya le Henhla ===
Hi Oktoba (Nhlangula) 1994, Presidente [[Nelson Mandela]] u veke Cameron tani hi muavanyisi wo khomela wa huvonklu ya High Court ku va mutshami wa khomixini ya ndzavisiso ku nga commission of inquiry mayelana na ku xavisa matlhari hi ndlela leyi nga ri ku nawini ku nga illegal arms hi va Armscor, lava a va tirha tani hi xiyenge xa vaxavisi va vutho ra vusocha ku nga SANDF, eka mfumo wa Yemen. Xiviko xa Cameron xi hlamusele hi ndlela yo sola swinene hi &quot;vukarhi&quot; matikhomelo ya va Armscor, kambe leswi swi hatle swi siveka swi nga ha vonaki kahle hikolwakho ka mfumo wa Afrika Dzonga lowu wu nga xava matlhari na swa nyimpi hi ndlela leyi nga ri ku nawini.

Cameron u vekiwe ku va muavanyisi ra makumu e Witwatersrand Local Division hi 1995. U tiveka ngopfu hi vuavanyisi bya yena eka nandzu wa ''Holomisa v Argus Newspapers Ltd'', laha Bantu Holomisa a a tise nandzu wa ku lava ku riheriwa hi ku thyakisiwa vito hi nandzu wa defamation mayelana na va &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwZg&quot;&gt;The Star&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; hikuva va vule leswo a a  &quot;na xiavo xo khumbeka hi ku kongoma&quot; eka ku nghenisa vadlaya va ti-&quot;hit squad&quot; va nhlangano wa  Azanian People's Liberation Army lava a va ri na xikongomelo &quot;xa ku dlaya valungu&quot;. Vuavanyisi bya Cameron byi hlamuseriwe tani hi vuavanyisi  &quot;byo enta swinene&quot; bya ku hlamusela vumbiwa ku nga Constitution's mayelana na timholovo ta vanhu va le tlhelo, na leswaku vuavanyisi lebyi byi ve &quot;bya nkoka swinene&quot; eka ku sirhelela ntshunxeko hi ku mbulavulo ku nga free speech. Van'wana va vurile na leswo vuavanyisi lebyi a byi hambanile swinene na vuavanyisi bya minkarhi ya mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu ku nga apartheid-era law, kambe va sorile leswo vuavanyisi lebyi a byi navangi swinene eka angarhela no si rhelela vatsari va mahungu. Kambe xiyimo xa Cameron eka vuavanyisi xi ve xi tiyisiwa swinene eka milandzu yin'wana leyi yi nga yisiwa eka Huvonkulu ya tiaphili ku nga Supreme Court of Appeal.

=== Huvonkulu ya le Henhla ya Tiaphili ===
Hi 1999, Cameron u ve a vekiwa ku va muavanyisi wa xinkadyana wa Huvo ya Vumbiwa ku nga Constitutional Court, laha a nga va na xiavo eka swiboho swa vuavanyisi bya nkoka eka milandzu ya &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwdg&quot;&gt;Pharmaceutical Manufacturers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mweA&quot;&gt;Grootboom&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; na swona u tsale xiboho xa vuavanyisi hi nawumbisi wa ''Liquor Bill'' na matimba ya mimfumo ya swidundzhankulu  — lowu wu nga va wo sungula na swona wa ha ri ku wona ntsena lowu wu nga yisiwa eka Huvo (Khoto) hi presidente wa Afrika Dzonga ku nga  President of South Africa ehansi ka xiyenge xa 79 xa Vumbiwa ku nga Constitution. Va Judicial Service Commission va bumabumele leswo Cameron a vekiwa ku va muavanyisi ra makumu, kambe muavanyisi Sandile Ngcobo hi yena loyi a nga langiwa ku va muavanyisi wa Huvo ya Vumbiwa hikokwalaho ka ku nghenelela ka Thabo Mbeki, loyi hi nkarhi wa kona a a ri xandla xa president ku nga Deputy President, loyi a nga vona leswo xiyimo lexi xi fanele ku nyikiwa munhu wa ntima. Cameron u ve a vula leswo a a nga ri na ku &quot;kanakana&quot; leswo lexi a ku ri xiboho lexi faneleke.

Cameron u ve a langiwa ku va muavanyisi wa Huvonkulu ya tiaphili ku nga  Supreme Court of Appeal (hi nkarhi wun'we na Mahomed Navsa xikan'we na Robert Nugent), laha a nga tirha kona malembe ya nhungu. Kwalano u tsale swiboho swa vuavanyisi swa le mahlweni hi swivangelo swa nawu ku nga legal causation, hearsay evidence, public contracts na ku delela huvo ku nga contempt of court. Eka nandzu wa ''Minister of Finance v Gore'', Cameron xiboho lexi a nga xi tsala na muavanyisi  Fritz Brand lexi xi nga vona mfumo wu ri na nandzu wa  delictually hi ku vanga ku lahlekeriwa eka ikhonomi ku nga pure economic loss hi vukungundzwana ku nga fraud.

=== Huvo ya Vumbiwa ===
Hi ti 31 Disemba (N'wendzamhala) 2008 Presidente Kgalema Motlanthe u veke Cameron ku va muavanyisi wa Huvo ya Vumbiwa, ku sukela hi ti 1 ta Janawari (Sunguti) 2009. U voniwa a ri xirho xa huvo lexi nga na mianakanyo yo vonela emahlweni swinene eka Huvo. U hlamuseriwa tani hi muavanyisi wa xiyenge xa le henhla swinene ku nga &quot;jurist of the highest order&quot;, &quot;munhu wa mianakanya ya milawu wa le henhla swinene eka tintangha ta yena&quot; na swona &quot;u yime a ri yexe hi vuntokoto bya yena eka swa nawu&quot;.
[[File:ConstitutionalCourtofSouthAfrica-table-20070412.jpg|left|thumb|Kamara ya huvo ya Constitutional Court of South Africa]]
Cameron eka vuavanyisi bya yena eka nandzu wa ''Glenister v President'', vuavanyisi lebyi a nga byi tsala na xandla xa muavanyisinkulu ku nga Deputy Chief Justice Dikgang Moseneke, vuavanyisi lebyi byi susile swiyenge leswintshwa swa nawu wa vuchuchusi bya tiko ku nga National Prosecuting Act na nawu wa ta vuphorisa ku nga South African Police Service Act hikuva milawu leyi  yi tsandzekile ku va yi &quot;tiyimela ku ringana&quot; ku kota ku sungula yuniti ya ku langutana na mikhuva ya ku bola na vukungundzwana ku nga anti-corruption unit. Leswi swi ve swi bumabumeriwa swinene tani hi vuavanyisi bya &quot;vuqambi bya leswintshwa ku nga &quot;imaginative&quot; na bya vutlhari byo &quot;enta swinene&quot; hi va anguli na swona leswo leswi a swi vula leswo ku fanele ku va na ejensi ya Afrika Dzonga ya ku lwa na vukungundzwane hambi loko va ANC lava fumaku a va tekile xiboho xa ku ntlurhula va Scorpions..

Swiboho swin'wana swa vuavanyisi leswi tivekaka ngopfu swa Cameron swi mayelana na ku lwa na ku thyakisiwa ka vito ku nga nawu wa defamation na nawu wa ku ntshunxeka ku vulavula ku nga free speech:

* Eka nandzu wa ''The Citizen v McBride'', xiboho xa vuavanyisi bya Cameron hi ku hlengela, byi anamise leswi vuriwaka fair comment ku sirhelela no humesa enandwini va &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwxg&quot;&gt;The Citizen&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ku va na nandzu eka Robert McBride hi ku n'wi vula &quot;mudlayi&quot; na leswo a nga fanelangi ku va eka xiyimo xa mfumo xa le henhla ku nga public office.
* ''Eka nandzu wa Le Roux v Dey'', vuavanyisi lebyi nga humesiwa hi  2012, mayelana na vafana va xikolo vanharhu lava a va tekile xifaniso xa xandla xa prinsipala wa vona va xi nghenisa eka wananu loyi a nga ambalangi nchumu, na swona a a ri ku tihlangiseni kusuhani na wun'wana. Xiboho xa Huvo ya Vumbiwa xa vunyingi xi veke leswo xifaniso lexi a xi rhukana xandla xa prinsipala. Kambe Cameron, eka xiboho xa vuavanyisi lexi a nga xi endla na Justice Froneman, u ve a  kanetana na mhaka leyi na leswo a xi ri iboho lexi xi nga tirhekeku ku vula hi ndlela yin'wana leswo munhu hi loyi a rhandzanaku na va rimbewu ro rana na ra yena. Vaanguri va le mahlweni va ve va pfumeleana na xiboho xa vuavanyisi lebyi. Van'wana va sole Cameron, va ku u teke xiboho xa ku va n'wari-mbirhi xo phikizana hi xoxe, hikuva xi vule leswo xifaniso a xi ta tirheka hikuva xifaniso xa vavise ku xiximeka na vundzhuti bya mumangari. hi ku kumbetela leswo a a tikhome hi ndlela yo biha no endlela erivaleni swilo swa manyala.
* Eka nandzu wa ''Democratic Alliance v African National Congress'', heka vuavanyisi lebyi byi nga humesiwa hi 2015, xiboho xa vuavanyisi bya Cameron hi ku hlanganela na van'wana lexi a nga xi endla na Justices Froneman na Khampepe, no phahela etlhelo kleyimi ya va  ANC eka vandla ra ku phikizana ra  Democratic Alliance hi ku vula hi ti-SMS leti a ti rhumeriwa eka vunyingi bya vanhu, eka bulk SMS leswo musirheleri wa vanhu ku nga xiviko xa musirheleri wa vanhu ku nga  Public Protector Thuli Madonsela laha a nga kombisa ndlela leyi President Zuma a nga &quot;yiva&quot; timali ta vahakeri va muthelo ku aka muti wa yena wa Nkandla home. Xiboho xa vuavanyisi lebyi xi vuriwe xa ntokoto swinene na ku hlula eka ku sirhelela mbulavulo wa vanhu ku nga freedom of expression hi nkarhi wa mapfhumba ya nhlawulo&quot;, hambi leswi van'wana va nga vona xiboho lexi leswo a xi ta pfilunganyisa mianakanyo yin'wana.

Cameron u ritharile hi ti 20 Agasti 2019, ku ri lembe ra makumembirhi ntlhanu 25 hi mpfhuka a langiwa ku va eka vuavanyisi ku nga bench.

== Migingiriko ya yena ==

=== Timfanelo ta vo rhandzana hi rimbewu rin'we ===
[[File:Edwin_cameron_first_gay_march_africa.png|thumb|167x167px|Cameron eka paradi ya vanhu va ku rhandzana hi rimbewu ku nga  pride parade eAfrika Dzonga ku nga South Africa]]
Cameron u ve munhu wo swi veka erivaleni ku rhandzana ka yena na va rimbewu ro fana na ra yena ku sukela hi malembe ya va 1980. U vulavule na vunyingi bya vanhu eka pfhumba ra pride parade in South Africa leri nga khomiwa eJoni hi ti 13 Oktoba 1990. Endzhaku ka sweswo u ve a pfuneta ku tsala leswi a swi ta hoxeriwa eka vumbiwa ra Afrika Dzonga ku nga South African Constitution na swona u ve na xandla eka ku hoxeriweni ka xiyenge xa ku tshimbisa ku khoma hi xihlawuhlawu xa discrimination ka vanhu lava va endlaku swa ku rhandzana hi rimbewu rin'we ku nga sexual orientation. Hi wun'wana wa vanhu va 29 lava va nga sayina minsinya ya Yogyakarta Principles. U tlhela a va wun'wana wa swirho swa vasunguli va nhlangano wa Society for Homosexuals on Campus, ku nga nhlangano wa machudeni e-University of the Witwatersrand, lowu ka ndzhaku wu nga tiviwa hi vito ra Activate Wits.

Hi 1995 u angarhele ku papaxiwa ka matsalwa ya ''Defiant Desire: Gay and Lesbian Lives in South Africa'', &quot;a celebration of the lives of gay men and lesbians in South Africa&quot; leyi a nga yi tsala kun'we na Mark Gevisser.

=== HIV/AIDS ===
Ku sukela hi lembe ra 1988 Cameron a a ri mutsundzuxi wa yuniyoni ya National Union of Mineworkers mayelana na [[HIV/AIDS]], na swona u pfunile ku tsala na ku burisana hi ntwanano na indastri ku endla ntwanano wo enta mayelana na AIDS ntwanano lowu wu nga sayiniwa na va  Chamber of Mines. Loko a ha ri eCentre for Applied Legal Studies, u ve a tsala chatara ya timfanelo mayelana na AIDS na HIV  no pfuneta ku sungula, AIDS Consortium (leyi ku nga afiliyexini ya minhlangano leyi nga ri ku ehansi ka mfumo leyi yi tirhasanaka na minhlangano leyi yi tirhanaku na swa  AIDS), na swona leyi a nga va mutshamixitulu wa yona eka malembe manharhu yo sungula, kasi u tlhele a va dayirektara wa AIDS Law Project.

Cameron yena hi vuyena u ngheniwile hi HIV hi malembe ya va 1980 na swona u ve a vabya swinene a vabyisiwa hi [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] loko a ha tirha e Huvonkulu ya le henhla tani hi muavanyisi (jaji) . Muholo wa yena wu endle leswo a kota ku kuma mirhi ya ti-anti-retroviral treatment, leswi swi nga ponisa vutomi bya yena. Cameron u vone leswo u kote ku pona hikuva a ri na muholo wa le henhla, leswi hi swona leswi swi nga endla leswo a va mugingiriki swinene eka timhaka ta [[HIV/AIDS]] endzhaku ka mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu ku nga apartheid eAfrika dzonga, no susumela leswo mfumo wu fanele ku pfuneta vanhu hi ku va  nyiketa mirhi ya ti-antiretroviral eka hinkwavo vanhu. U ve a sola Presidente Thabo Mbeki swinene hi pholisi ya yena ya ku kanetana ka yena ntungu wa AIDS leswi vuriwaka AIDS-denialist policies. Cameron u ve wo sungula na swona wa ha ri yena ntsena munhu wa xiyimo xa le henhla-henhla eAfrika Dzonga xa ku veka erivaleni leswo u hanya na  [[HIV/AIDS]].

Buku ya yena yo sungula ku wina sagwati ya, ''Witness to AIDS'', yi makongomana na ku kayakanya na vuvabyi. Yi papaxiwe eAfrika Dzonga, eUK, eUS na swona yi  hundzuluxeriwe eka ririmi ra XiJarimani na Xichayina.

== Masagwati ==
Masagwati ya Cameron ya katsa Nelson Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights (2000); Stellenbosch University's Alumnus Award; Transnet's HIV/AIDS Champions Award; na San Francisco AIDS Foundation Excellence in Leadership Award. Hi 2008 u ve a va xirho xa Jury of the Red Ribbon Award, ku nga ntirhisano na UNAIDS Family. U ve muwini wa 2009–2010 wa Brudner Prize ku suka eYale University, leri ku nga sagwati leri ri nyikiwaka lembe na lembe eka swikolara swo humelela swinene leswi mintirho ya swona hi hoxaku swinene voko eka ku twisisa hi swilo leswi swi khumbaku vanhu va ti- LGBT no yisa emahlweni leswaku vanhu va ti-LGBT va amukeleka.

Hi 2002 va Bar of England and Wales va n'wi xixime hi  sagwati ra xipeceli ku nga Special Award hi xiavo xa yena eka swa international jurisprudence na timfanelo ta vumunhu ku nga human rights. U tlhela a va honorary fellow eka Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, London, naKeble College, Oxford; na swona a a ri visiting fellow ya All Souls College, Oxford hi 2003–04, ku endla ndzavisiso hi &quot;Aspects of the AIDS Epidemic, a kambela swinene fambiselo ra vo kanetana na ntungu wa AIDS wa vo fana na lava va tekeke xiyimo xo fana na xa President wa Afrika Dzonga ku nga Mbeki wo kanetana na timhaka ta ntungu wa AIDS&quot;. Hi 2009 Cameron was u vekiwe ku va  Honorary Master of the Bench ya Honourable Society of the Middle Temple. U tlhele a xiximiwa hi ku nyiketiwa tidigri ta vudokodela.

Cameron ku fikela hi lembe ra 2015, a a ri matsalana-nkulu ku nga general secretary wa Rhodes Scholarships e Southern Africa na ku tlhela a va patron wa Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal. Exikarhi ka 1998 na 2008, Cameron a a ri mutshami-xitulu wa Council ya University of the Witwatersrand. U tlhela a va patron ya the Guild Cottage Children's Home, na Soweto [[HIV/AIDS]] Counselors' Association and Community AIDS Response.

Ku sukela hi Januwari (Sunguti) 2020 u ta va Muchansselara ku nga Chancellor wa Stellenbosch University.

== Ta swa mahungu ==
Ndzima leyi Cameron a nga yi tlanga eka ku fikelela mirhi ya ti-antiretroviral treatment e [[Afrika|Africa]] na le ka swiyenge swin'wana swa Dzonga wa misava, yi kombisiwe eka dokumentari leyi yi nga wina sagwati ya nhlokomhaka leyi nge: ''Fire in the Blood''.

== Vupapaxi bya Matsalwa ==

* [http://www.witnesstoaids.com ''Witness to AIDS''], Tafelberg, Cape Town: 2005.
* ''[http://www.nb.co.za/Books/16324 Justice: A Personal Account] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405183604/http://www.nb.co.za/Books/16324 |date=2018-04-05 }}'', Tafelberg, Cape Town: 2014.

== Tirheferense ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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    <title>Tipolitiki ta Vupeladyambu Kapa</title>
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'''Tipolitiki ta Vupeladyambu Kapa''' ti na nsohensohe ku tlula swifundzhankulu swin'wana swa [[Afrika-Dzonga|South Africa]], hikuva hi ku  hambana na swifundzhankulu (tiprovhinsi) tin'wana laha nhlangano wa African National Congress (ANC) wu nga angarhelangiku tipolitiki eka ndhawu.

Eka nhlawulo wa 2004, a ku na ntlawa lowu wu nga wina vunyingi bya tivhoti eka eka xifundzhankulu (province), kasi  ANC yi kumile 45% wa tivhoti. Hikuva, ANC a yi ri eka ntirhisano eka ku fuma na vandla ra New National Party (NNP), leri a ri ri na 11% wa tivhoti, leswi swi nga pfumelela leswaku ku vumbiwa mfuma kun'we wa ANC-NNP ku vumba mfumo wa xifundzhankulu. Hi lembe ra 2005 a ku ri na ku pfumeleriwa ka leswo swirho swa vandla ro karhi swi nga sukela mavandla ya swona swi tlulela eka mavandla man'wana hi fambiselo ra floor crossing leswi swi endle leswo swirho hinkwaswo swa NNP swa Palamende ya Xifundzhankulu swi tlulela eka vandla ANC, leswi swi nga nyiketa ANC ku va na vunyingi bya swirho eka xifundzhankulu. Va ANC va langile Ebrahim Rasool tani hi Holobyenkulu ku nga Premier; hi 2008 xivandla xa yena xi tekiwile hi Lynne Brown. Murhangeri wa xifundzhankulu wa ANC a a ri Mcebisi Skwatsha.

Vandla ra ku phikiza eVupeladyambu Kapa endzhaku ka nhlawulo wa 1994 ku ve vandla ra Democratic Alliance (DA), leri nga kuma tivhoti ta ku ringana 27% eka nhlawulo wa xifundzhankulu. Dorobankulu ra City of Cape Town, ku nga masipala loyi a nga na vanhu vanyingi eka xifundzhankulu, ri ve ri fumiwa hi mavandla-nhlanganelo, lowu a wu rhangeriwa emahlweni hi DA ku sukela endzhaku ka nhlawulo wa vamasipala wa 2006 municipal elections. Va vandla ra DA va tlakuse xiavo xa tivhoti leti va nga va na tona eka nhlawulo wa vamasipala wa lembe ra  2011 municipal elections ku fikela eka 61.09%, leswi swi nyike va vandla ra DA vunyingi bya tivhoti ku fikela laha va nga va vandla leri fumaku hi roxe ku va ri kota ku fuma dorobankulu ra City of Cape Town handle ko fuma kun'we na vanakulobye va yona 

Eka nhlawulo wa 22 April 2009 va vandla ra ANC va ve va humesiwa eka vufumi va humesiwa hi vandla ra DA, leyi yi nga wina 51.46% wa tivhoti. Nhlawulo lowu, wu ve nhlawulo wo sungula endzhaku ka mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu laha vandla ra DA ri nga kuma kona vunyingi bya tivhoti eka xifundzhankulu. Murhangeri wa vandla ra DA Helen Zille u ve a teka xivandla xa  Brown tani hi  Premiyara hi ti   6 Meyi 2009.

Eka nhlawulo wa ti 7 Meyi 2014 va vandla ra DA maintained va ve vaya emahlweni no ngetela nhlayo ya vavhoti va yona, ku fikela eka vunyingi bya 59.4%.

== Vuyelo bya nhlawulo ==
{{Western Cape provincial election, 2014}}

== Tirheferense ==
&lt;references /&gt;

* Politics of South Africa
* Government of the Western Cape</text>
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== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==

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		if not index then
			if type(data) == &quot;table&quot; then
				return frame:extensionTag('syntaxhighlight', mw.text.jsonEncode(data, mw.text.JSON_PRETTY), {lang = 'json'})
			else
				return tostring(data)
			end
		end
		
		data = data[index] or data[tonumber(index)]
		if not data then
			return
		end
		
		i = i + 1
	end
end

-- Look into entity object
-- From pl:Module:Wikidane, function V, by User:Paweł Ziemian
function p.getEntityFromTree(frame)
	local data = mw.wikibase.getEntity()
	if not data then
		return nil
	end
	
	local f = frame.args[1] and frame or frame:getParent()
	
	local i = 1
	while true do
		local index = f.args[i]
		if not index then
			return tostring(data)
		end
		
		data = data[index] or data[tonumber(index)]
		if not data then
			return
		end
		
		i = i + 1
	end
end

-- helper function for debugging mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(id, P)
-- on debug console use: =p.ViewAllStatements({'Qid', 'Pid'})
function p.ViewAllStatements(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- from invoke or from debug console
	local qid, pid
	qid = mw.text.trim(args[1] or &quot;&quot;):upper()
	if qid:sub(1,1) ~= &quot;Q&quot; then
		pid = qid
		qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
	else
		pid = mw.text.trim(args[2] or &quot;&quot;):upper()
	end
	if not qid then return &quot;Ítem no trobat&quot; end
	if pid:sub(1,1) ~= &quot;P&quot; then return &quot;Cal una propietat&quot; end
	local statements = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, pid)
	if args == frame then
		return mw.dumpObject(statements)
	else
		return frame:extensionTag('syntaxhighlight', mw.text.jsonEncode(statements, mw.text.JSON_PRETTY), {lang = 'json'})
	end
end

-- utility for tracking how the module is used
-- see documentation at [[wikt:en:Template:tracking]]
-- see your tracking at Special:WhatLinkHere/Template:track/wikidata/&lt;your label&gt;
function p.track(label)
	local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
	pcall(frame.expandTemplate, frame, {title = 'track/wikidata/' .. label})
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>gchlaod9iz0kpox0vkw5tvs8qgi7a3o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-RTRC.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>6130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34604</id>
      <timestamp>2019-11-11T21:56:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WikiBayer</username>
        <id>6053</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix Gadget</comment>
      <origin>34604</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="231" sha1="44c6g94up7wxymbgu64r5qe7q73sx0f" xml:space="preserve">// [[File:Krinkle_RTRC.js]]
(mw.loader.getState('ext.gadget.rtrc') ? mw.loader.load('ext.gadget.rtrc') : mw.loader.load('https://www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.rtrc&amp;lang=' + mw.config.get('wgUserLanguage', 'en')));</text>
      <sha1>44c6g94up7wxymbgu64r5qe7q73sx0f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-wikEd.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>6131</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34605</id>
      <timestamp>2019-11-11T22:02:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WikiBayer</username>
        <id>6053</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix Gadget</comment>
      <origin>34605</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="269" sha1="9tveed2fguukrtxgmjxwa81msoqagpp" xml:space="preserve">( function () { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.src = '//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Cacycle/wikEd.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript'; script.async = true; document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[ 0 ].appendChild( script ); } ) ();</text>
      <sha1>9tveed2fguukrtxgmjxwa81msoqagpp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Naruhito</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6133</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38386</id>
      <parentid>34809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-13T15:53:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>フローレンス</username>
        <id>10800</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>38386</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="335" sha1="0ihm6uwugvebfd9z2i2iu0u6uvhi8ux" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

'''Naruhito''' (徳仁, 23 Nyenyenyani 1960, Tokyo) i hosi ya [[Japani]] ku sukela hi 1 Mudyaxihi 2019.
U sungule ku fuma, endzhaku ka ku siyeriwa mfumo hi tata wakwe, Akihito. I hosi ya vu 126 hi kuya hi ndzendzelano wa vukosi kuya hi ndzhavuko wa japan.

{{Lifetime|1960| |Naruhito}}

[[Category:Japani]]
[[Category:Tihosi]]</text>
      <sha1>0ihm6uwugvebfd9z2i2iu0u6uvhi8ux</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vukati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36903</id>
      <parentid>34632</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-08T10:49:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>nga lavekiki</comment>
      <origin>36903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2784" sha1="4c2lm7lgxa7txwow4whfgkzae2gbxpt" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:Wedding_rings.jpg|thumb|Mpatswa wa swingwavila swa mucato.]]
'''Vukati''' i vuxaka lebyi akiwaka e xikarhi xa [[vanhu]], lava vuriwaka mpatswa kumbe vatekani, lebyi akaka timfanelo na vutihlamuleri e xikarhi ka vona, na vana va vona, na maxaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Haviland |first1=William A. |last2=Prins |first2=Harald E.L. |last3=McBride |first3=Bunny |last4=Walrath |first4=Dana |year=2011 |title=Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-495-81178-7 |edition=13th}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlamuselo ya vukati ya hambana hi kuya hi matiko ya [[misava]], hi kuya hi [[ndzhavuko]], [[vukhongeri]] na vundzhawu. Hintolovelo, vukati byi katekisa vuxaka bya rimbewu exikarhi ka vanhu va mbirhi. Eka mindzhavuko yo karhi, vukati i xiboho xo sungula naswona lexi languteriweke leswaku vanhu va hlanganela vuxaka bya masangu hi kuya hi nawu. Vukati loko byi hlamuseriwa hi ku angarhela , byi voniwa tani hi xisungulo xa mindzhavuko hinkwayo. Xirhapa xa vu 16 xa Timfanelo ta vumunhu emisaveni, xi vika leswaku &quot;Wanuna na n'wansati lava tiyeleke, vana mfanelo yo aka ndyangu wa vona, handle ka ku siveriwa  hikwalaho ka nhlonge, vutiko kumbe vukhongeri. Vana timfanelo leti ringanaka kunghenela vukati, evukatini na kudlaya vukati. Vukati byi ngheneriwa ntsena hi vanhu lava vantshuxekeke naswona hi ku tirhandzela na ku pfumelelana.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ | title=The Universal Declaration of Human Rights | publisher=United Nations | accessdate=26 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vanhu votala va nghenela vukati hikwalaho ka swivangelo swo tala,leswi hlanganisaka nawu, xiyimo, switwi, minthlaveko, rifuwo kumbe swivangelo swa vukhongeri. Malanghele ya munghana wa vukati ma nga ha hlohloteriwa hi rimbewu, swi yilana swo teka makwavo, milawu leyi fambisaka matekanele ya vukati, ku rhandza ka vatswari kumbe ku navela ka munhu hi yexe. E tindzhawini tin'wana ta misava, vukati byo lulamiseleriwa, vukati byo teka vana lava tsongo, vukati bya tshengwe naswona minkarhi yin'wana vukati byo sindzisiwa, byi nga va byi kuceteriwa hi kuya hi ndzhavuko.&lt;ref&gt;[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/ Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2008], Vol. 1, p. 1353, US Department of State.&lt;/ref&gt; Hambiswiritano, tinxaka teleto ta vukati a tile nawini naswona e tinzhawini to tala e misaveni tani hi laha ti voniwaka tani hi nxaniso wa vavasati kumbe vana kumbe hi kwalaho ka nawu wa misava. Kuve na mapfhumba yo hambana hambana yo hlohlotela ku ringana ka timfanelo eka va vasati endzeni ka vukati ku hlanganisa na ku pfumelela hi nawu ka vukati e xikarhi ka vanhu va vukhongeri byo hambana, va nhlonge yo hambana, na va rimbewu le ri fanaka.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Vukati]]
[[Category:Ndyangu]]</text>
      <sha1>4c2lm7lgxa7txwow4whfgkzae2gbxpt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Vukati</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34630</id>
      <timestamp>2019-11-17T16:57:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>34630</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rimbewu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34664</id>
      <parentid>34655</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-12-11T05:34:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Rimbewu]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>34664</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2147" sha1="1df1eevzfn1m39mso731yf64stsslvy" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:Combotrans.svg|thumb|Mimfungo ya rimbewu, leyi bohaneke. Lowo tshwuka (e ximatsini) i wa xisati. Lowa wasi (e xineneni) i wa xinuna.]]
'''Rimbewu''' i nxaxamelo  wa swi hlawulekisi leswi hambanisaka e xikarhi ka vusati na vununa. Swihlawulekisi leswi swi nga hlanganisa swirho swa rimbewu, mahanyele la ma languteriweke hi kuya hi rimbewu e ka [[nhlangano wa vanhu]], ku hlawula ka munhu eka timhaka ta rimbewu rakwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;udry&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=November 1994|title=The Nature of Gender|url=http://people.virginia.edu/~ser6f/udry.pdf|journal=Demography|volume=31|issue=4|pages=561–573|doi=10.2307/2061790|jstor=2061790|pmid=7890091|first1=J. Richard|last1=Udry}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;haig&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|date=April 2004 |title=The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001 |url=http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/publications_files/04inexorablerise.pdf |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=87–96 |doi=10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014323.56281.0d |pmid=15146141 |first1=David |last1=Haig |authorlink1=David Haig (biologist)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615160110/http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/Publications_files/04InexorableRise.pdf |archivedate=15 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.who.int&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What do we mean by &quot;sex&quot; and &quot;gender&quot;? |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |accessdate=26 November 2015 |url=http://apps.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130022356/http://apps.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en/ |archive-date=30 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ndzhavuko|Mindzhavuko]] yo tala emisaveni, yi pfumelelana na matirhisele ya minxaka yimbirhi ya rimbewu; hambiswiritano kuna lava va welaka e handle ka nhlamuselo leyi, naswona va tihlawulelaka rimbewu leri va lavaka ku hanya kuya hi rona. Mindzhavuko yi n'wana yi na tinxaka tin'wana ta rimbewu ku engetela ehenhla ka &quot;[[wanuna]]&quot; na &quot;[[N'wansati]]&quot;, ku fana na vahijras va Axiya ya N'walungu; naswona ti hlamuseriwa tani hi rimbewu ra vunharhu.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Ntivo-Vutomi]]
[[Category:Rimbewu]]</text>
      <sha1>1df1eevzfn1m39mso731yf64stsslvy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wanuna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6139</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38320</id>
      <parentid>38318</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-13T03:09:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chimuoiba</username>
        <id>10793</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>38320</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3459" sha1="q9bjouvmdu2vrmp4m9sc6ykmr6ncuat" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Man_writing.jpg|thumb|Wanuna]]
'''Wanuna''' i [[Munhu lonkulu|munhu]] loyi a kuleke naswona a ri wa rimbewu ra xinuna.

Kufana na swin'wana swi harhi leswi mamisaka, nxaxamelo wa swiaki swa DNA ya wanuna, wu amukela ndzhaka ya khuromosomu ya muxaka wa X eka mana wakwe naswona wu amukela ndzhaka ya muxaka wa Y eka tata wakwe. Miri wa [[n'wana]] wa xinuna loyi a nga si tswariwaka, wu tumbuluxa swirhumiwa swo tala swa androgen ku tlula swa estrogen. Ku hambana ka ntalo wa swirhumiwa leswi emirini, swi vangela ku hambana ka ku vumbeka exikarhi ka wanuna na [[n'wansati]]. Eka malembe ya kondlo-andzidyi, swirhumiwa leswi swa miri switumbuluxiwa hi xitalo naswona swi hlohlotela makulele na swivumbeko swa swirho swa rimbewu ku hlanganiso na swin'wana swirho swo hlawulekisa wanuna eka n'wansati. Hambi swiritano, matumbuluxelo ya swirhumiwa leswi ma nga ha hambana eka vanhu va rimbewu ro pfangela kumbe ro hundzuluxiwa.

Swi hlawulekisi swa kuvumbeka ka miri wa wanuna swihlanganisa na, 
* Malebvu,&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sciencing.com/primary-secondary-sexual-characteristics-8557301.html|title=Primary &amp; Secondary Sexual Characteristics|work=Sciencing.com|date=2018-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Makatla yo anama,&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsfgHiWqWeYC&amp;pg=PA349&amp;lpg=PA349&amp;dq=secondary+sexual+men++apple&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=7QukvBsLUW&amp;sig=ACfU3U18YTEk4XGAiWWLKELn8Wdwp_n45A&amp;hl=en&amp;ppis=_e&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjQ1d35o5rlAhUOmuAKHa4-Bx04ChDoATADegQICRAB#v=onepage&amp;q=secondary+sexual+men++apple&amp;f=false|title=The Developing Person Through the Life Span|first=Kathleen Stassen|last=Berger|date=13 October 2005|publisher=Macmillan|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Kholokholo,&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt; 
* Rito ro enta rithlela rikula, ku tlula ra n'wana kumbe n'wansati.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rimbewu]]

== Ndyangu ==

[[File:Father_and_son_27.jpg|thumb|[[Tatana]] na n’wana  ]]

Vavanuna va nga ha va ni vana, hambi va ri va ntumbuluko kumbe [[lava amukeriweke]] ; vavanuna vo tano va vuriwa vatatana. Ntirho wa vavanuna endyangwini wu cincile swinene eka lembe xidzana ra vu-20 na ra vu-21, wu teka xiphemu lexikulu swinene eku kuriseni ka vana eka miganga yo tala.    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=308–346}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ntolovelo vavanuna a va ta teka wansati loko va kurisa vana, kambe eminkarhini ya manguva lawa matiko yo tala sweswi ma pfumelela vukati bya rimbewu rin’we, ni leswaku mimpatswa yoleyo yi kurisa vana hi ku amukela vana kumbe hi [[ku n’wi siva]] . Vavanuna va nga ha va vatswari lava nga voxe, naswona swi ya swi va tano eminkarhini ya manguva lawa, hambileswi vavasati va talaka ku va vatswari [[lava nga voxe]] ku tlula vavanuna hilaha ku phindhiweke kanharhu.  Eka miganga ya vatatana, vavanuna hi ntolovelo ava tekiwa tani hi &quot;nhloko ya muti&quot; naswona ava khome malunghelo yo engetelela ya ntshamisano. 

Nhlangano wa timfanelo ta vavanuna wu vula leswaku vavanuna va langutana na swiphiqo loko va koxa ku hlayisiwa ka vana, hambiswiritano, ndzavisiso wa empirical a wu seketeli mianakanyo ya ku va na xihlawuhlawu xa vuavanyisi eka vavanuna. &lt;ref name=&quot;melvillehunter&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=124–138}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vamanana va na vuhlayisi nkarhi wo tala, kambe vatatana a va lavi vuhlayisi nkarhi wo tala, naswona vuhlayisi byi lulamisiwa ehandle ka khoto.  &lt;ref name=&quot;crean2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=[https://archive.org/details/innameoffatherss0000crea/page/107 107–108]}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q9bjouvmdu2vrmp4m9sc6ykmr6ncuat</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Rimbewu</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6140</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34663</id>
      <timestamp>2019-12-11T05:34:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>34663</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>N'wansati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6145</id>
    <revision>
      <id>34683</id>
      <parentid>34682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-12-21T20:36:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>34683</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2336" sha1="1zmitwn53mcom0cmeyczt2dovzfwkj1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Head of a african woman Gambia with green clothing.jpg|thumb|N'wansati]]
'''N'wansati''' i [[Munhu lonkulu|munhu]] wa rimbewu ra xisati. Rito n'wansati ri hlamusela munhu loyi a kuleke. N'wana wa xisati loyi anga si hundzaka eka malembe ya kondlo andzidyi u vuriwa nhwanyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/7824699/Girls-now-reaching-puberty-before-10-a-year-sooner-than-20-years-ago.html|title=Girls now reaching puberty before 10 – a year sooner than 20 years ago|last=Alleyne|first=Richard|date=2010-06-13|access-date=2019-06-02|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha kanyingi, n'wansati una ti khuromozomu timbirhi ta muxaka wa &quot;X&quot;&lt;ref name=Hake&gt;{{cite web|last1=Hake|first1=Laura|last2=O'Connor|first2=Clare|title=Genetic Mechanisms of Sex Determination|url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mechanisms-of-sex-determination-314/|website=Scitable|publisher=[[Nature Research|Nature Education]]|date=2008|accessdate=August 23, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; na swona u kota ku xurha nyimba, na ku veleka ku sukela loko ata fika eka malembe ya kondlo andzidyi, ku fikela loko a ta dyuhala.

Swi hlawulekisi swa kuvumbeka ka miri wa wanuna swihlanganisa na,
* Xivelekelo
* Masenge yo anama
* Ku pfumala malebvu
* Va tala ku koma loko va ringanisiwa na vavanuna
* Va hava mipfimbiti

Eka matimu ya vanhu, xiyimo xa vavasati xitale ku va sivela eka vukorhokeri na mintirho, naswona vukhongeri byo tala byi na milawu yo karhi leyi kongomeke vanhu vaxisati. Ku herisiwa ka milawu yo tala ya sivela no lawula vanhu vaisati, eka malembe-xidzana ya vu 20, swi va pfumelele ku nghenela mintirho yo tala leyi a yiri ya vavanuna, ku hlanganisa na tidyondzo ta le henhla. Kuya hi matimu, vavanuna va tala ku vanga madzolonga na kuxanisa vanhu vavasati, e mitini kumbe migangeni ya vona. Van'wana vavasati va aleriwe timfanelo to tihlawulela eka timhaka to veleka. Ku na mapfumba yo aka ku ringana exikarhi ka vavanuna na vavasati.

Van'wana vavasati va na rimbewu ro pfangela kumbe ro hundzuluxiwa&lt;ref name=&quot;MorrowMessinger&quot;&gt;''Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice'', edited by Deana F. Morrow and Lori Messinger (2006, {{ISBN|0-231-50186-2}}), p. 8&lt;/ref&gt; naswona va tihlawulela ku hanya e handle ka kulangutela ka mindzhavuko.

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rimbewu]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vuhanyanyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6147</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39175</id>
      <parentid>36898</parentid>
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'''Vuhanyanyi''' hi ku olovisa nhlamuselo, swivula “vutivi bya vukona bya vuhandle na vundzeni” bya [[vanhu|munhu hi xiyexe]].&lt;ref name=&quot;consciousness&quot;&gt;{{cite dictionary|title=consciousness|dictionary=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=June 4, 2012|url= http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/consciousness}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambi leswi ku hundzeke madzana-dzana ya malembe ya vulavisisi, tinhlamuselo, na mimphikamakaneta exikarhi ka va n'wavutivi, vuhanyanyi bya swivumbiwa abyi twisisiwi,&lt;ref name=&quot;van_Gulick2004&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |author=Robert van Gulick |year=2004 |title=Consciousness |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness/|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University }}&lt;/ref&gt; hambi leswi ku nga xisekelo xa vutomi bya swivumbiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Susan Schneider |author2=Max Velmans |year=2008 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Max Velmans |editor2=Susan Schneider |title=The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-75145-9|author2-link=Max Velmans}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntsena hinkwerhu hi pfumelelana leswaku ha hanyanya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=John Searle |year=2005 |editor=Honderich T |title=The Oxford companion to philosophy |chapter=Consciousness |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-926479-7|author-link=John Searle }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kuna mavonele yo hambana hambana eka leswi faneleke ku lavisisiwa leswaku hi kota ku twisisa vuhanyanyi. Minkarhi yi n'wana vuhanyanyi byi twisisiwa kuri &quot;ku kota ku ehleketa&quot; kumbe yiyenge xo karhi xa mihleketo. Khale ka khaleni vuhanyanyi a byi twisisiwa kuri &quot;vutomi bya vundzeni bya munhu&quot;, xivandla xa vuti anakanyi, kumbe xa mihleketo ya xihundla.&lt;ref name=&quot;JJ3&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Jaynes |first=Julian |authorlink=Julian Jaynes |title=The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |orig-year=1976 |year=2000 |isbn=0-618-05707-2 |url=http://s-f-walker.org.uk/pubsebooks/pdfs/Julian_Jaynes_The_Origin_of_Consciousness.pdf |access-date=2019-12-26 |archive-date=2019-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807100304/http://s-f-walker.org.uk/pubsebooks/pdfs/Julian_Jaynes_The_Origin_of_Consciousness.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka vulavisisi bya manguva lawa bya ma tirhele ya byongo, vuhanyanyi byi hlanganisa ntokoto wun'wana na wun'wana, kutwisisa, vutitwi na mavonele ya munhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rochat 2003 717–731&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Rochat|first=Philippe|title=Five levels of self-awareness as they unfold early in life|journal=Consciousness and Cognition|year=2003|volume=12|issue=4|pages=717–731|url=http://psychology.emory.edu/cognition/rochat/Five%20levels%20.pdf|doi=10.1016/s1053-8100(03)00081-3|pmid=14656513|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=2022-10-09|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://psychology.emory.edu/cognition/rochat/Five%20levels%20.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; kungava ku twisisa, kumbe kutwisisa vutwisisi bya wena n'winyi, kumbe ku titwisisa.  Kunga va kuri na mimpimo yo hambana ya vuhanyanyi,&lt;ref name=Carruthers2011&gt;{{cite web|author1=Peter Carruthers|title=Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-higher/|website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|accessdate=31 August 2014|date=15 Aug 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; kumbe mahanyanyele yo hambana hambana.&lt;ref name=Antony2001&gt;{{cite journal |author=Michael V. Antony |title=Is ''consciousness'' ambiguous? |journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies |volume=8 |year=2001 |pages=19–44}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swin'wana swi vutiso swi hlanganisa na leswaku, xana swiharhi swina vutivi bya vuhanyanyi bya swona n'wini, kumbe kova vanhu ntsena. Kuhambana hambana ka mindzavisiso eka mhaka leyi, swi tisa ku kanakana leswaku swivutiso leswi vutisiwaka hileswi faneleke kumbe ee.&lt;ref name=Hacker2012&gt;{{cite journal |author-link= Peter Hacker |last= Hacker |first= P.M.S. |url= http://info.sjc.ox.ac.uk/scr/hacker/docs/ConsciousnessAChallenge.pdf |title= The Sad and Sorry History of Consciousness: being, among other things, a challenge to the &quot;consciousness-studies community&quot; |journal= Royal Institute of Philosophy | volume=supplementary volume 70 |date= 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swikombiso swa tihlamuselo eka mhaka leyi swi hlanganisa na: ku xalamuka, vutitwi bya munhu hi yexe kumbe ku valanga moya-xiviri hi &quot;kutilangutisa vundzeni&quot;; kumbe xifanekiso xa nxaxamelo wa timhaka, kumbe matshamele ya mihleketo, matirhele ya mihleketo; vuxopaxopi kumbe ndzhawu yo kongomisa mihleketo.&lt;ref name=Farthing1992Psychology&gt;{{cite book| title=The Psychology of Consciousness |author=Farthing G |year=1992 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=978-0-13-728668-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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[[File:Almeida_Júnior_-_Moça_com_Livro.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa nwhana loyi a khomeke buku, hi José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior]]
'''Mi'hleketo''' yi angarha &quot;nkhuluko wa makungu lama nga na xikongomelo xo karhi, la ma voyamelaka eka swiboho swa xiviri&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Marić |first=Jovan |date=2005 |title=Klinicka psihijatrija |url=http://www.datastatus.rs/proizvod/8040/klinicka-psihijatrija-11-izdanje |location=Belgrade |publisher=Naša knjiga |page=22 |isbn=978-86-901559-1-0 |author-link=Jovan Maric |access-date=2020-02-04 |archive-date=2021-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114095121/https://www.datastatus.rs/proizvod/8040/klinicka-psihijatrija-11-izdanje |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambileswi mi ehleketo yi nga xisekelo xa vukona bya vanhu, ku hava nhlamuselo wa mi'hleketo lowu amukeriwaka hi ku helela.

I swa nkoka ku twisisa mavumbele, masungulo na nhlohlotelo wa mi'hleketo, hikwalaho ka leswi yi khumbaka mahanyele na swiendlo swa vanhu, nswona kunavela ku twisisa mi'hleketo i pakani ya vuleteri eka tidyondzo ta filosofi, tindzimi, mahanyele, matirhele ya byongo, ntivo-vutomi na tin'wana tidyondzo leti yelanaka na ntivo-vuthlarhi.

Mi'hleketo yi pfumelela vanhu leswaku va twisisa, vahlamusela ntumbuluko lowu va hanyaka eka wona, na ku vumba hi ta misava. Hiswona leswi endlaka  yiri ya nkoka eka swivumbiwa leswi ngana swilaveko, swikongomelo na kunavela, loko swi endla makungu, kumbe swi ringeta ku fikelela tipakani to karhi.

== Mintshaho ==
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'''Vurhongo''' i xiyimo xa ntumbuluko xa mihleketo na miri, lexi hlawulekisiwaka  hi ku hundzuluxiwa ka mahanyanyele, ku hunguteka ka switwi, kuhunguteka ka matirhele ya mipfimbiti loku sivelaka ku chukunya ka miri lowu etleleke vurhongo.&lt;ref&gt;Ferri, R., Manconi, M., Plazzi, G., Bruni, O., Vandi, S., Montagna, P., ... Zucconi, M. (2008). A quantitative statistical analysis of the submentalis muscle EMG amplitude during sleep in normal controls and patients with REM sleep behavior disorder. Journal of Sleep Research, 17(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00631.x&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nih&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm|title=Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep|date=2017|publisher=Office of Communications and Public Liaison, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD|access-date=10 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011011207/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm|archive-date=11 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vurhongo bya hambana na ku hanyanya, hileswi byi vangelaka kuhunguteka ka vutihlamuleri bya xivumbiwa eka leswi endlekaka, hambileswi ku nga na ku hambana eka xivumbiwa lexi nga eka khoma, laha vurhongo byi vangelaka matirhele yo hambana ya byongo.

Vurhongo byi rhendzeleka hi kuya hi nkarhi, laha miri wu tikumaka e xikarhi ka minxaka yimbirhi ya vurhongo: Vurhongo lebyi fambelanaka na milorho (REM), na vurhongo byorhula (no-REM). Vurhongo bya milorho byi hlanganisa na ku oma swirho ka nkarhinyana. Evurhongweni, miri wu kota ku tivuyeleta na ku aka masocha ya miri, mipfimbiti, misiha na man'wana ma tirhele ya miri lama pfunaka kutsundzuka, matitwele na swin'wana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=|first1=|date=2006|title=Sleep-wake cycle: its physiology and impact on health|url=https://sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/SleepWakeCycle.pdf|publisher=National Sleep Foundation|accessdate=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830035939/https://sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/SleepWakeCycle.pdf|archive-date=30 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wachi yalendzeni ya miri hi yona yi hlohlotelaka vurhongo navusiku.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://thesciencenetwork.org/programs/waking-up-to-sleep |title=Waking Up To Sleep |accessdate=25 January 2008 |last1=Bingham |first1=Roger |first2=Terrence |last2=Sejnowski |first3=Jerry |last3=Siegel |first4=Mark Eric |last4=Dyken |first5=Charles |last5=Czeisler |date=February 2007 |format=Several conference videos |publisher=The Science Network |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724132410/http://thesciencenetwork.org/programs/waking-up-to-sleep |archive-date=24 July 2011 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tidyondo to tala ti lavisisa xikongomelo  na ndlela yo etlela vurhongo. Swiharhi naswona swi xixima nkarhi na ma etlelele ya swona.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Joiner |first1=William J. |title=Unraveling the Evolutionary Determinants of Sleep |journal=Current Biology |date=October 2016 |volume=26 |issue=20 |pages=R1073–R1087 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.068|pmid=27780049}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Vanhu votala va karhatiwa hi vuvabyi byo hambanahambana byo pfumala vurhongo kumbe ku kuhlwela ku etlela, ku hahama, kufamba famba ukarhi u etle na man'wana mavabyi. Kutala ka timboni ta gezi, swi cince nkarhi wo etlela e matikweni lama ngana tinkomponi to tala.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Randall|first1=David K.|title=Book excerpt: How the lightbulb disrupted our sleeping patterns and changed the world|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/book-excerpt-how-the-lightbulb-disrupted-our-sleeping-patterns-and-changed-the-world|accessdate=31 August 2016|work=National Post|date=19 September 2012|quote=&quot;... the sudden introduction of bright nights during hours when it should be dark threw a wrench into a finely choreographed system of life.|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190407032206/https://nationalpost.com/opinion/book-excerpt-how-the-lightbulb-disrupted-our-sleeping-patterns-and-changed-the-world|archive-date=7 April 2019|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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[[File:Romance of History illustration WH Powis.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa munhu loyi a lorhaka]]
'''Norho''' i nxaxamelo wa swifaniso, makungu na [[minthlaveko]] leswi ti endlekelaka e [[Mihleketo|mi'hleketweni]] exikarhi ka swiphemu swokarhi swa [[vurhongo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dream |title=Dream |publisher= The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000 |accessdate=May 7, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leswi endlekaka e xikarhi ka milorho na xikongomelo xa milorho a swisi twisisiwa hi ku helela, hambi leswi ku veke na mindzavisiso ya sayensi, filosofi ku hlanganisa na tinhlamuselo hi vukhongori. Ku hlavutela milorho i matshalatshala yo kuma kutwisisa mungo na rungula leri nga kumekaka eka milorho.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Kavanau |first=J.L. |title=Sleep, memory maintenance, and mental disorders |journal=Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences |year=2000 |volume=12|issue=2|pages=199–208}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Milorho yi tala ku kumeka eka vurhongo bya milorho (REM), laha matirhele ya mi'hleketo mayelanaka na loko munhu a hanyanyile. Nkarhi lowu tekiwaka loko munhu a lorha, wa hambana hambana, naswona norho wu nga teka xinkarhana, kumbe kwalomu ka 20 - 30 wa timinete. Vanhu va tala ku tsundzuka norho loko va pfuxiwa exikarhi ka wona. Munhu u kota ku va na kwalomu ka milorho mi nharhu ku ya ka ya nthlanu hi siku, kasi van'wana ku fikela eka nkombo wa milorho hi siku; hambileswi milorho yi hatlisaka ku rivaleka.&lt;ref&gt;Empson, J. (2002). ''Sleep and dreaming'' (3rd ed.)., New York: Palgrave/St. Martin's Press&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cherry, Kendra. (2015). &quot;[http://psychology.about.com/od/statesofconsciousness/tp/facts-about-dreams.htm 10 Facts About Dreams: What Researchers Have Discovered About Dreams] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221091846/http://psychology.about.com/od/statesofconsciousness/tp/facts-about-dreams.htm |date=2016-02-21 }}&quot; ''About Education: Psychology''. About.com.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Ann |first=Lee |url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/dream2.htm |title=HowStuffWorks &quot;Dreams: Stages of Sleep&quot; |publisher=Science.howstuffworks.com |date=January 27, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Eichenlaub|first=Jean-Baptiste|last2=van Rijn|first2=Elaine|last3=Gaskell|first3=M Gareth|last4=Lewis|first4=Penelope A|last5=Maby|first5=Emmanuel|last6=Malinowski|first6=Josie E|last7=Walker|first7=Matthew P|last8=Boy|first8=Frederic|last9=Blagrove|first9=Mark|date=2018-06-01|title=Incorporation of recent waking-life experiences in dreams correlates with frontal theta activity in REM sleep|journal=Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience |volume=13|issue=6|pages=637–647}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku na mavonele yo hambana hambana ya tinhlamuselo ta milorho, kuya hi mindzhavuko na tinguva. Votala va pfumelana na nhlamuselo ya Sigmund Freud, leswaku milorho  yi paluxa  kunavela na minthlaveko leyi tumbeleke eka munhu. Kasi tinhlamuselo ti n'wana ti vula leswaku milorho yi pfuna mi'hleketo ka hlayisa mahungu, kutsundzuka, kululamisa swiphiqo, kumbe leswaku kova matirhele ya byongo ntsena.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title = When dreaming is believing: The (motivated) interpretation of dreams.|journal = Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|pages = 249–264|volume = 96|issue = 2|first = Carey K.|last = Morewedge|first2 = Michael I.|last2 = Norton|year = 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sigmund Freud, loyi a akeke xiphemu xa tidyondzo ta ndzavisiso wa matirhele ya mi'hleketo, u tsale matsalwa yo hlaya ku hlamusela milorho eku sunguleni ka malembe ya va 1900.&lt;ref&gt;Freud, S. (1900). [[The Interpretation of Dreams]]. London: Hogarth Press&lt;/ref&gt; U hlamusele milorho kuri ku paluxeka ka kunavela, kumbe ku karhateka  loku enteke loku fambelanaka na ku tsundzuka nkarhi wa vutsongwana. Kuthlandla kwalaho uthlela a hlamusela leswaku milorho hinkwayo yi fambelana na ku ntshunxa ntshikelelo wa timhaka ta masangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title = The Dream Dictionary from A to Z|last = Cheung|first = Theresa|publisher = HarperElement|year = 2006|location = China|pages = 437}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka buku yakwe leyi nga na nhlokomhaka  ''The Interpretation of Dreams'' (1899), Freud u ake mahlahluvele yo hlavutela milorho na mimfungo leyi kumekaka e milorhweni. Eka manguva lawa milorho yi viniwa ku ri nhlavutelo wa byongo. Milorho yinga chavisa, yihlamarisa, yitsakisa, yihlanganisa mahlori kumbe timhaka ta masangu. Leswi endlekaka e milorhweni swile handle ka vutihlamuleri bya loyi a lorhaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Lite|first1=Jordan|title=How Can You Control Your Dreams?|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-control-dreams/|website=Scientific America|date=July 29, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Domhoff, W. (2002). The scientific study of dreams. APA Press&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Ku etlela]]
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{{infobox disease
| name           = Xitsongwatsongwana xa Vuvabyi bya Khorona bya 2019
| image          = Symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 4.0.svg
| caption        = Xifaniso xa swikombiso swa vuvabyi bya Khorona ya 2019
| DiseasesDB     = 60833
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|U|0|7|.|1}}
| ICD9           = 
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| MeshID         = C000657245
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'''Vuvabyi bya Khorona bya 2019''' ('''COVID-19''') i vuvabyi lebyi tlulelanaka lebyi vangiwaka hi xitsongwatsongwana xa Khorona xa muxaka wa vumbirhi lexi hlaselaka swirho swo hefemula (Hi ku komisa SARS-CoV-2).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963|title=Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Symptoms and causes|website=Mayo Clinic|access-date=2020-04-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; vuvabyi lebyi byi tsumburiwe ro sungula hi N'wendzamhala wa n'wexemo 2019, e dorobheni ra Wuhan, e Chayina, naswona byi hangalake na misava, leswi vangeke ntungu lowu nga kona.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hui14Jan2020&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | title = The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health - The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China | journal = International Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 91 | issue = | pages = 264–266 | date = February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi 23 Mudyaxihi 2020, timhangu to tlula 5.23&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;wa timilliyoni ti vikiwile hi matiko ya188, kuhlanganisa na ntsengo wo hundza 338,000 wa vanhu lava dlaweke hi vuvabyi lebyi. Hambiswiritano, ntsengo wa lava hanyeke endzhaku ko khomiwa hi vuvavbyi lebyi wu le henhla ka 2.07 wa timilliyoni.[9]

Swikombiso leswi tolovelekeke swa vuvabyi  lebyi swi hlanganisa na dari, khohlokhohlo, kukarhala, ku heleriwa hi moya, na kulahlekeriwa hi vuswikoti  byo nuhwela na ku nantswela.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2020Sym&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2020QA&quot; /&gt; Vutalo bya vanhu lava tluleriweke hi vuvabyi lebyi vava na swikombiso swi tsanana, van'wana va weriwa hi nhlaselo wa swirho swo hefemula lowu vangelaka masocha ya miri leswaku mahlasela mahahu, kufa ka swirho swin'wana swa miri, kutiyelela ka ngati.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite journal| title = Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 | journal = JAMA | volume = 323 | issue = 15 | pages = 1499 | date = March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=StatPearls|date=2020|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|location=Treasure Island (FL)|chapter=Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)|access-date=18 March 2020|chapter-url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up | journal = Journal of the American College of Cardiology | date = April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkarhi kusukela ka kutluleriwa hi vuvabyi kufikela loko swikombiso swa vuvabyi swi vonakala, i kwalomu ka masiku ya nthlanu, naswona wu nga va e xikarhi ka masiku mambirhi kuya eka mavhiki mambhiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2020Sym&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- KEEP THIS NAMED REFERENCE --&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html |title=Symptoms of Coronavirus |date=20 March 2020|website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = The COVID-19 epidemic | journal = Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | pages = 278–280 | date = March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xitsongwatsongwana lexi xi tlulelana exikarhi ka vanhu lava nge kusuhi na kusuhi,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2020QA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&amp;A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)|date=17 April 2020|work=World Health Organization (WHO) | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514224315/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses | archive-date=14 May 2020 | access-date=14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; hixitalo eka swisa leswi vangiwaka hi ku khohlola ,&lt;ref name=&quot;CDCTrans&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html |title=How COVID-19 Spreads |date=2 April 2020|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403001235/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html|archive-date=April 3, 2020|access-date=April 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bourouiba, JAMA, 26 March&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | title = Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19 | journal = JAMA | date = March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku etshemula, na kuvulavula.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2020QA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=CDCTrans/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ECDCQA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/questions-answers|title=Q &amp; A on COVID-19|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|access-date=30 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swisa leswi swi tala ku wela ehansi kuri na ku famba mangwa emoyeni.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2020QA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2020QA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=CDCTrans/&gt; Nakambe vanhu vanga thlela va tluleriwa hi xitsongwatsongwana, loko va khoma ndzhawu kumbe xilo lexi suleriweke ivi va tikhoma xikandza. Xitsongwatsongwana lexi xi tlulelana ngopfu e xikarhi ka masiku manharhu endzhaku ko sungula ka swikombiso, hambi leswi byi tlulelanaka naloko swikombiso swi nga si sungula.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2020QA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDCTrans&quot; /&gt; Ndlela ya ntolovelo yo hlahluva vuvabyi lebyi i ku teka no xiyisisa marha eka nkolo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2020Testing&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens from Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |access-date=26 March 2020 |date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304165907/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html |archive-date=4 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlahluvo wa xifuva na mahahu wu nga pfuna ku vona mahangalele ya vuvabyi e mirini.&lt;section begin=&quot;Spread&quot; /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;Spread&quot; /&gt;Tindlela to sivela vuvabyi lebyi ti hlanganisa na ku hlamba mavoko, ku papalata vanhu (ngopfungopfu lava ngana swikombiso), ku siva ku khohlola, naswona u tlela u papalata ku ti khoma xikandza. Ku engeta kwalano, ku bubabumeriwa tipfala milomo na tinhompfu. Swibumabumelo swo tipfala nomo na nhopfu swa hambanahambana, naswona mifumo yi'wana yi swi endle nawu, kasi yi n'wana ya swisivela. Ku na ku kayivela ka vumbhoni eka matirhele ya ku tipfala nhompfu na nomo ka vanhu lava hanyeke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite journal| title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients | journal = AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology | pages = 1–7 | date = March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;acr.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection|title=ACR Recommendations for the use of Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography (CT) for Suspected COVID-19 Infection|date=2020-03-22|website=American College of Radiology|access-date=2020-05-23|archive-date=2020-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328055813/https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi kuya hi nhlangano wa Misava wa Swarihanyo (WHO), ku hava nsawuto wa vuvabyi lebyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2020QA&quot;/&gt; Hi siku ra 1 Mudyaxihi 2020, tiko ra Amerikha ri nyike mpfumelelo wa xihatla wo nyika vavabyi lava tikiriwaka murhi wa remdesivir. Vu ongori byi hlanganisa na ku tshungula swikombiso, nkatalelo na vuongori, ku papalata vanhu, na vutshunguri byo ringeta. Nhlangano wa Misava wa Swarihanyo wu tivise vuvabyi bya COVID‑19,&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc21Jan20202&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html |title=How to Protect Yourself &amp; Others |date=8 April 2020|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226145347/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=9 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuri mhangu ya xihantla ya misava hi 30 Sunguti 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|title=Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|website=World Health Organization (WHO)|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131005904/https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|archive-date=31 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-china-live-updates/2020/02/05/114ced8a-479c-11ea-bc78-8a18f7afcee7_story.html |title = Hundreds of evacuees to be held on bases in California; Hong Kong and Taiwan restrict travel from mainland China | work = The Washington Post | date = 6 February 2020 | access-date = 11 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200207134650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-china-live-updates/2020/02/05/114ced8a-479c-11ea-bc78-8a18f7afcee7_story.html | archive-date = 7 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona wuthlela wu tivisa vuvabyi lebyi byiri ntungu hi 11 Nyenyankulu 2020. Ntungu lowu wu hangalake eka matiko yo tala e swi fundzeni hinkaswo swa ntsevu swa nhlangano wa Misava wa Swarihanyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200416-sitrep-87-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9523115a_2|title=WHO Situation Report #87 | date=16 April 2020|website=World Health Organization (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|3}}

== Minkombo ya le handle ==

=== Tindzawulo ta Swarihanyo ===

* [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)] by the World Health Organization (WHO)
* [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)] by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

=== Swiyenge ===

* COVID-19 at Curlie
* [https://openmd.com/directory/covid-19 COVID-19 Resource Directory on OpenMD]

=== Matsalwa ya swarihanyo ===

* [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)] by ''JAMA''
* [https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus Coronavirus: News and Resources] by the BMJ Publishing Group
* [https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center Novel Coronavirus Information Center] by Elsevier
* [https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus COVID-19 Resource Centre] by ''The Lancet''
* [https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19] by ''Nature''
* [https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus Coronavirus (Covid-19)] by ''The New England Journal of Medicine''
* [https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Covid-19: Novel Coronavirus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924195411/https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ |date=2020-09-24 }} by Wiley Publishing

{{Mavabyi}}
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;[[Ntungu wa Khorona ya 2019|Ntungu wa Khorona (COVID-19)]]&lt;br /&gt; 
[[Mahlahluvele ya COVID-19|Mahlahluvele]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[Nthlavelo wa COVID-19|Nthlavelo]]&amp;nbsp;- 
[[Nxaxamelo wa vanhu lava dlaweke hi Khorona|Mafu ya la va tivekaka]]&amp;nbsp;
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[[File:COVID-19 Outbreak World Map.svg|350px|thumb|Ku hangalaka ka ntungu wa khorona ya 2019 (COVID-19), kuya hi ntsengo wa va aka tiko.&lt;/br&gt;
{{legend|#510000| 10,000 na kutlula}}
{{legend|#900000| 1,000–9,999}}
{{legend|#c80200| 100–999}}
{{legend|#ee7070| 10–99}}
{{legend|#ffC0C0| 1–9}}
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'''Ntungu wa Khorona ya 2020''', lowu thlelaka wu tiviwaka hi ra '''Ntungu wa xitsongwatsongwana xa khorona''', i ntungu lowu endlekaka wa [[Vuvabyi bya Khorona bya 2019]] (COVID‑19), lebyi vangiwaka hi xitsongwatsongwana le xi hlaselaka swirho swo hefemula xa khorona ya muxaka wa vumbirhi (SARS‑CoV‑2).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO name&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it|title=Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntungu lowu wu tsumburiwe ro sungula edorobheni ra Wuhan, e [[Chayina]], hi N'wendzamhala wa n'wexemo 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China | journal = Lancet | volume = 395 | issue = 10223 | pages = 497–506 | date = February 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlangano wa matiko wa swarihanyo (WHO) wu tivise vuvabyi lebyi tani hi mhangu ya xihantla ya misava hi 30 Sunguti 2020, naswona  wuthlela wu tivisa ntungu hi 11 Nyenyakulu 2020. kusukela hi 26 Mudyaxihi 2020 timhangu to tlula 5.49 wa timiliyoni ti vikiwile hi matiko ya188, kuhlanganisa na ntsengo wo hundza 345,000 wa vanhu lava dlaweke hi vuvabyi lebyi. Hambiswiritano, ntsengo wa lava hanyeke endzhaku ko khomiwa hi vuvabyi lebyi wu le henhla ka 2.22 wa timiliyoni. 

Ntungu lowu wu kavanyete mahanyele na vubindzuri emisaveni hinkwayo,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20200229&quot;&gt;{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Here Comes the Coronavirus Pandemic: Now, after many fire drills, the world may be facing a real fire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/29/opinion/sunday/corona-virus-usa.html |date=29 February 2020 |access-date=1 March 2020 |department=Editorial}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku hlanganisa na ku hohloka ka swiyimiso swa timakete na ku xaviselana emisaveni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://blogs.imf.org/2020/04/14/the-great-lockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression/ |title=The Great Lockdown: Worst Economic Downturn Since the Great Depression |website=IMF Blog|access-date=23 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wu vange ku thleriseriwa endzhaku kumbe ku yimisiwa ka minthlango, vukhongeri, tipolotiki na mikhuvo ya ndzhavuko,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTcancellations&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/cancelled-events-coronavirus.html |title=A List of What's Been Canceled Because of the Coronavirus |date=1 April 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku kayivela ka swixavisiwa na tinhundzu hikwalaho ko xava hi richuho,&lt;ref name=&quot;W7Y6Y&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/18/supply-chain-experts-foods-that-could-be-less-available-in-pandemic.html |title=Why there will soon be tons of toilet paper, and what food may be scarce, according to supply chain experts |last1=Scipioni |first1=Jade |date=18 March 2020 |publisher=CNBC|access-date=19 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;c5kOh&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/coronavirus-disrupt-us-drug-supply-shortages-fda |title=The Coronavirus Outbreak Could Disrupt the U.S. Drug Supply |website=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=19 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku katsa na ku hunguteka ka mimusi leyi thyakisaka moya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Watts |first1=Jonathan |last2=Kommenda |first2=Niko|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/23/coronavirus-pandemic-leading-to-huge-drop-in-air-pollution |title=Coronavirus pandemic leading to huge drop in air pollution |date=23 March 2020 |work=The Guardian|access-date=8 April 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter |title=Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China's CO2 emissions by a quarter |date=19 February 2020 |website=Carbon Brief |access-date=8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swikolo, tiyunivhesithi, na makholichi swi pfariwile a matikweni yo tala ya misava laya ringanaka 177, naswona swi khumbe kwalomu ka 98.6 wa tiphesente ta machudeni.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-emergencies/coronavirus-school-closures |title=COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response |date=4 March 2020 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=28 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahunguvun'wa hi ta xitsongatsongwana lexi ma hangalake na misava swonghasi,&lt;ref name=&quot;r7xem&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Clamp |first1=Rachel|title=Coronavirus and the Black Death: spread of misinformation and xenophobia shows we haven't learned from our past |work=[[The Conversation]] |date=5 March 2020 |url=http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-and-the-black-death-spread-of-misinformation-and-xenophobia-shows-we-havent-learned-from-our-past-132802 |access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona ku ve na timhangu ta xihlawuhlawu na ku hlaseriwa ka valuveri va vachayina kumbe la va sukaka ematikweni lawa ma ngana swiviko swo tala swa vuvabyi lebyi. Kuthlele ku vikiwa timhangu leti etikweni ra [[Chayina]] hi roxe, laha ku hlaseriweke valuveri lava va hehliweke hi ku tisa vuvabyi etikweni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/chinas-racism-is-wrecking-its-success-in-africa/ |title=China's Racism Is Wrecking Its Success in Africa |first1=Celine |last1=Sui}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT Racism&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Tavernise |first1=Sabrina |last2=Oppel Jr |first2=Richard A.|title=Spit On, Yelled At, Attacked: Chinese-Americans Fear for Their Safety |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/us/chinese-coronavirus-racist-attacks.html |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian29032020&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/29/china-coronavirus-anti-foreigner-feeling-imported-cases |title='They see my blue eyes then jump back'—China sees a new wave of xenophobia |first1=Lily |last1=Kuo |first2=Helen |last2=Davidson|date=29 March 2020 |work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
{{reflist|3}}
== Mintila ya le handle ==
=== Tindzawulo ta swrihanyo ===

* [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 COVID-19] ([http://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses Questions &amp; Answers], [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpi6ZahtOH5PLTT1yfXxcxDsNM40N1uG instructional videos]) by the World Health Organization
* [https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china COVID-19] ([http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers Q&amp;A]) by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
* [http://en.nhc.gov.cn/antivirusfight.html COVID-19] by the National Health Commission, China
* [https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19 COVID-19] ([http://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19/faqs Q&amp;A] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624012453/https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19/faqs |date=2021-06-24 }}) by the Ministry of Health, Singapore
* [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html COVID-19] ([https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/index.html Q&amp;A]) by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control
* [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/2019_ncov.html Coronavirus Disease 2019] ([https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-130/pdfs/2018-130.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2018130 Q&amp;A]) by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

=== Swiviko na vulavisisi ===

* [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports] and [https://who.sprinklr.com/ map] by the World Health Organization
* [https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ Coronavirus Resource Center], [https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html map], and [https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 historical data] by Johns Hopkins University
* [https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/download-todays-data-geographic-distribution-covid-19-cases-worldwide Historical data about COVID-19 cases] published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
* [http://unwfp.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/42b8837bb25049b9b1f69a9555d55808 World Travel Restrictions] based on WFP data
* [https://covid.observer Coronavirus Observer] based on Johns Hopkins University data
* [https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic] published by Worldometer
* [https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Statistics and Research] published by ''Our World in Data''
* [https://covid19.healthdata.org/united-states-of-america COVID-19 Projections] for many countries published by Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
* [https://sites.google.com/site/covid19comparisongraphs/ Spreadsheets: Country comparisons]
* [https://sites.google.com/site/pandemicdata/ Spreadsheets: Historical data with additional computations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527045325/https://sites.google.com/site/pandemicdata/ |date=2020-05-27 }}
* [https://gabgoh.github.io/COVID/index.html Epidemic Calculator]
* [https://www.statnews.com/feature/coronavirus/covid-19-tracker/ Stat News Covid-19 Tracker]

=== Mahungu ya swarihanyo ===

* [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)] by ''JAMA''
* [https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus Coronavirus: News and Resources] by BMJ Publishing Group
* [https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center Novel Coronavirus Information Center] by Elsevier
* [https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus COVID-19 Resource Centre] by ''The Lancet''
* [https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/coronavirus SARS‑CoV‑2 and COVID-19] by ''Nature''
* [https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus Coronavirus (Covid-19)] by ''The New England Journal of Medicine''
* [https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Covid-19: Novel Coronavirus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924195411/https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ |date=2020-09-24 }} by Wiley Publishing

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'''Edirne''', a dorobha ra [[Turkey]].

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[[File:CDC_2019-nCoV_Laboratory_Test_Kit.jpg|alt=CDC 2019-nCoV Laboratory Test Kit.jpg|thumb|Nhlolo ya CDC's to hlahluva vuvabyi bya COVID-19]]
'''Ku hlahluva vuvabyi bya COVID-19''' swi hlanganisa ku kambisisa masalela lama tekiweke ku tiyisisa vukona bya xitsongwatsongwana xa [[Vuvabyi bya Khorona bya 2019|SARS-CoV-2]]. Vuhlahluvi byi valanga vukona bya xitsongatsongana kumbe masocha ya miri lama tumbuluxiwaka hi miri endhzaku ko suleleka hi xitsongatsongwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=11 February 2020 |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html |access-date=9 June 2020 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |first1=Amanda |last1=Kobokovich |first2=Rachel |last2=West |first3=Gigi |last3=Gronvall |title=Global Progress on COVID-19 Serology-Based Testing |url=https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID-19/serology/Serology-based-tests-for-COVID-19.html |accessdate=9 June 2020 |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |language=en |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609003848/https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID-19/serology/Serology-based-tests-for-COVID-19.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbuyelo wa hlahluvo wa vukona bya xitsongwatsongwana switirhisiwa kutwisisa ku hangalaka ka vuvabyi lebyi naswona swi pfuna tindzawulo ta swa rihanyo ku landzelela lava suleriweke na ku sivela ku hangalaka ka ntungu. Kasi nhlanhluvo wa masocha ya miri wu hlamula xivutiso xa leswaku xana munhu u tshama a suleriwa hi vuvabyi bya khorona, kumbe e-e, hi swona leswi endlaka nhlahluvo lowu wunga tirhisiwi ngopfu hi kuva swi nga ha teka miri mavhiki yohlaya leswaku miri wu tumbuluxa masocha.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC-antibody-test&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/testing/serology-overview.html |title=Test for Past Infection – CDC |author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date=11 February 2020 |website=CDC.gov |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516235606/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/testing/serology-overview.html |archive-date=16 May 2020|quote=Antibody blood tests, also called antibody tests, check your blood by looking for antibodies, which show if you had a previous infection with the virus. Depending on when someone was infected and the timing of the test, the test may not find antibodies in someone with a current COVID-19 infection.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Matiko yyo hambana-hambana ma tivumbelo milawu ya wona leyi lawulaka mahlahluvele ya vuvabyi lebyo, ku hlanganisa swikongomiso mayelana na lava vanga hlahluviwaka, makhambi yo thlela u hlahluviwa, ndlela yo kambisisa nhlahluvo, kuteka marha na matirhisele ya mbuyelo wa nhlahluvo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Markus |last=Brotschi |date=7 March 2020 |title=Bund sucht nicht mehr alle Corona-Infizierten |language=de |work=Der Bund |url=https://www.derbund.ch/schweiz/standard/bund-sucht-nicht-mehr-alle-coronainfizierten/story/20389898 |access-date=9 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=24 March 2020 |first=Mary |last=Van Beusekom |work=CIDRAP News |title=Italian doctors note high COVID-19 death rate, urge action |url=https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/03/italian-doctors-note-high-covid-19-death-rate-urge-action |access-date=9 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |first=Malin |last=Otmani |date=22 March 2020 |title=COVID-19: First results of the voluntary screening in Iceland |url=https://nordiclifescience.org/covid-19-first-results-of-the-voluntary-screening-in-iceland/ |access-date=9 June 2020 |website=Nordic Life Science – the leading Nordic life science news service |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuhambana loko ku hlohlotele tinhlayo ta ximfumo ta ku hangalaka ka vuvabyi lebyi, kuhlanganisa nhlayo wa lava hlahluviweke, lava khomiweke hi vuvabyi, lava dlaweke hi vuvabyi lebyi, kuhlanganisa na vuxokoxoko bya vavabyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Ward, D. (April 2020) [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340539075_Sampling_Bias_Explaining_Wide_Variations_in_COVID-19_Case_Fatality_Rates &quot;Sampling Bias: Explaining Wide Variations in COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates&quot;]. WardEnvironment. Digital object identifier: [[doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.24953.62564/1|10.13140/RG.2.2.24953.62564/1]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Henriques |first=Martha |date=2 April 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Why death and mortality rates differ |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200401-coronavirus-why-death-and-mortality-rates-differ |access-date=9 June 2020 |work=BBC News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why More Younger People Are Testing Positive for COVID-19|url=https://time.com/5858593/younger-people-covid-19/|access-date=2020-08-18|website=Time|archive-date=2021-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226120827/https://time.com/5858593/younger-people-covid-19/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; widths=&quot;200&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
File:Infektionsschutzzentrum im Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Köln-6313 (cropped).jpg|ku teka marhimila leswaku ma hlahluviwa vukona bya Khorona
File:Infektionsschutzzentrum im Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Köln-6306 (cropped).jpg|ku teka marha ya nkolo leswaku ma hlahluviwa vukona bya Khorona
File:Cycler offen.JPG|Muchini wo hlahluva vukona bya xitsongwatsongwana
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
      <sha1>4jgk6h00swy5d32yd2gtwuv36e418nb</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Articles with German-language external links</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6257</id>
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      <timestamp>2020-08-23T19:12:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Ntungu wa Khorona kuya hi tiko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>6053</id>
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      <origin>37289</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6028" sha1="lutq5xajich3zco5xrq1q4omhs1yhed" xml:space="preserve">[[File:COVID-19 Outbreak World Map.svg|thumb|right|330px|Ntsengo wa la va suleriweke hi vuvabyi hi ti {{wikidata|property|Q95963597|P585}}.
{{div col |colwidth=8em |gap=0 |style=padding-left:3em; |content= {{ubl |item_style=margin: 0;
    |{{legend|#510000|1,000,000+}}
    |{{legend|#900000|100,000–999,999}}
    |{{legend|#c80200|10,000–99,999}}
    |{{legend|#ee7070|1,000–9,999}}
    |{{legend|#ffc0c0|100–999}}
    |{{legend|#ffdfe0|1–99}}
    |{{legend|#e0e0e0|0}}
}}}}]]

Tsalwa leri ri nyikela vuxokoxoko byo anama rithlela ri hlayisa nongonoko wa tindzhawu le ti hlaseriweke hi ntungu lowu. Muvabyi wo sungula wa vuvabyi bya Khorona ya lembe ra 2019 u tsumburiwe e dorobheni ra Wuhan, e Chayina, hi N'wendzamhala wa 2019.

Ntsengo wa lava suleriweke na lava loveke hikwalaho ka ntungu lowu, hi kuya hi xiviko xa ndzawulo ya Univhesithi ya Johns Hopkins. Tinhlayo leti ti nga ha hambana na le ti vikiweke e henhla ka ndzimana leyi.

[[File:COVID-19 Outbreak World Map Total Deaths per Capita.svg|thumb|right|Ntsengo wa mafu eka miliyoni yin'wana na yin'wana hi kuya hi tiko:
{{legend|#253494|100+ mafu eka miliyoni ya va aka tiko}}
{{legend|#2c7fb8|10–100 mafu eka miliyoni ya va aka tiko}}
{{legend|#41b6c4|1–10 mafu eka miliyoni ya va aka tiko}}
{{legend|#7fcdbb|0.1–1 mafu eka miliyoni ya va aka tiko}}
{{legend|#c7e9b4|0.01–0.1 mafu eka miliyoni ya va aka tiko}}
{{legend|#e0e0e0|Ku hava mafu kumbe vuxokoxoko}}|330px|alt=]]

== Afrika ==
Hi kuya hi Michael Yao, nhloko ya ndzawulo ya mintirho ya xihantla ya nhlangano wa swa rihanyo wa misava (WHO) e tikweni nkulu ra Afrika, ku hlahluva na tsumbula vuvabyi bya ha sungula, i swa nkoka swinene hi kwalaho ka xiyimo xa tindzawulo ta swa rihanyo e matikweni ya Afrika le xi komba ntsikelelo hikwalaho ka mavabyi na mintungu leyi nga ntsamelo-maxelo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51403865 |title=Coronavirus: Could African countries cope with an outbreak? |date=6 March 2020 |work=BBC News |access-date=9 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308100334/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51403865 |archive-date=8 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ahmed|first=Kaamil|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/20/worlds-most-vulnerable-in-third-wave-for-covid-19-support-warn-experts|title=World's most vulnerable in 'third wave' for Covid-19 support, experts warn|date=20 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321093509/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/20/worlds-most-vulnerable-in-third-wave-for-covid-19-support-warn-experts|archive-date=21 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vatsundzuxi va vula leswaku kungu leri sekeriweke eka kuhlahluva no tsumbula vuvabyi bya ha sungula ri nga pfuna matiko leswaku ma papalata xilaveko xo pfala tiko na ikhonomi, leswi vangaka ntshikelelo wo kulu swonghasi eka va aka tiko lava va hanyaka hi muholo wa siku na siku leswaku va wundla mindyangu ya vona. Nhlangano wa matiko, wu vula leswaku kuta va na xilavelo xa swihlahluvi swa vuvabyi swa kwalomu ka 74 watimiliyoni ku hlanganisa na 30, 000 ya michini yo hefemurisa vavabyi eka tiko-nkulu leri ringalo ni tshiki hi va aka tiko va kwalomu ka 1.3 watibhiliyoni hi lembe ra 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/26/its-just-beginning-here-africa-turns-to-testing-as-pandemic-grips-the-continent|title='It's just beginning here': Africa turns to testing as pandemic grips the continent|date=26 April 2020|work=The Observer|access-date=26 April 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0029-7712|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426070820/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/26/its-just-beginning-here-africa-turns-to-testing-as-pandemic-grips-the-continent|archive-date=26 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntsengo wa lava suleriweke hi vuvabyi wu tlule miliyoni hi ti 6 ta Mhawuri, laha nhlayo yo tala yi kumekeke eka nthlanu wa matiko lamanga: Afrika Dzonga, Algeriya, Ghibita, Ghana, na Nayjeriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian 6august&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/06/total-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-africa-pass-1-million |title=Total confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa pass 1 million |first=Jason |last=Burke |date=6 August 2020 |work=The Guardian }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambiswiritano, switikomba onge ku na matiko yo tala ma tsandzeka ku kandziyisa mintsengo yo tiya, ngopfu-ngopfu matiko lama ngana vusweti.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/somali-medics-report-rapid-rise-in-deaths-as-covid-19-fears-grow |title=Somali medics report rapid rise in deaths as Covid-19 fears grow |author=Jason Burke |author2=Abdalle Ahmed Mumin |date=2 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |access-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519055745/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/somali-medics-report-rapid-rise-in-deaths-as-covid-19-fears-grow |archive-date=19 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; nhlayo ya mafu e tikweni nkulu ra Afrika yile hansi loko yi ringanisiwa na mafu ya tiko-nkulu ra Yuropa, hikwalaho ka leswi ntalo wa va aka tiko va tiko-nkulu ra Yuropa vanga vanhu lava dyuhaleke.

Mintsengo ya lava suleriweke yi tiyisiwile e matikweni hinkwawo ya tiko-nkulu ra Afrika, naswona tiko ra Lesotho rive ro hetelela ku vika ntsengo wa lava suleriweke loko ri ta tsumbula muvabyi wo sungula hi ti 13 Mudyaxihi 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/13/lesotho-records-first-coronavirus-case-a-week-after-lifting-lockdown |title=Lesotho records first coronavirus case a week after lifting lockdown |author=Silence Charumbira |date=13 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |access-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514101256/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/13/lesotho-records-first-coronavirus-case-a-week-after-lifting-lockdown |archive-date=14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
      <sha1>lutq5xajich3zco5xrq1q4omhs1yhed</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Wikidata</title>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:#invoke:Wd|main}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35409</origin>
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      <text bytes="98" sha1="aqnmh4azo4jle51xny4knl3b1hl9873" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:#invoke:Wd|main}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Module:Wd</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>35411</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- Original module located at [[:en:Module:Wd]] and [[:en:Module:Wd/i18n]].  local p = {} local arg = ... local i18n  local function loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) 	local title  	i...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35411</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="68596" sha1="d676bdka4cnkgqhgqc73ti65xl5mngq" xml:space="preserve">-- Original module located at [[:en:Module:Wd]] and [[:en:Module:Wd/i18n]].

local p = {}
local arg = ...
local i18n

local function loadI18n(aliasesP, frame)
	local title

	if frame then
		-- current module invoked by page/template, get its title from frame
		title = frame:getTitle()
	else
		-- current module included by other module, get its title from ...
		title = arg
	end

	if not i18n then
		i18n = require(title .. &quot;/i18n&quot;).init(aliasesP)
	end
end

p.claimCommands = {
	property   = &quot;property&quot;,
	properties = &quot;properties&quot;,
	qualifier  = &quot;qualifier&quot;,
	qualifiers = &quot;qualifiers&quot;,
	reference  = &quot;reference&quot;,
	references = &quot;references&quot;
}

p.generalCommands = {
	label       = &quot;label&quot;,
	title       = &quot;title&quot;,
	description = &quot;description&quot;,
	alias       = &quot;alias&quot;,
	aliases     = &quot;aliases&quot;,
	badge       = &quot;badge&quot;,
	badges      = &quot;badges&quot;
}

p.flags = {
	linked        = &quot;linked&quot;,
	short         = &quot;short&quot;,
	raw           = &quot;raw&quot;,
	multilanguage = &quot;multilanguage&quot;,
	unit          = &quot;unit&quot;,
	-------------
	preferred     = &quot;preferred&quot;,
	normal        = &quot;normal&quot;,
	deprecated    = &quot;deprecated&quot;,
	best          = &quot;best&quot;,
	future        = &quot;future&quot;,
	current       = &quot;current&quot;,
	former        = &quot;former&quot;,
	edit          = &quot;edit&quot;,
	editAtEnd     = &quot;edit@end&quot;,
	mdy           = &quot;mdy&quot;,
	single        = &quot;single&quot;,
	sourced       = &quot;sourced&quot;
}

p.args = {
	eid  = &quot;eid&quot;,
	page = &quot;page&quot;,
	date = &quot;date&quot;
}

local aliasesP = {
	coord                   = &quot;P625&quot;,
	-----------------------
	image                   = &quot;P18&quot;,
	author                  = &quot;P50&quot;,
	publisher               = &quot;P123&quot;,
	importedFrom            = &quot;P143&quot;,
	statedIn                = &quot;P248&quot;,
	pages                   = &quot;P304&quot;,
	language                = &quot;P407&quot;,
	hasPart                 = &quot;P527&quot;,
	publicationDate         = &quot;P577&quot;,
	startTime               = &quot;P580&quot;,
	endTime                 = &quot;P582&quot;,
	chapter                 = &quot;P792&quot;,
	retrieved               = &quot;P813&quot;,
	referenceURL            = &quot;P854&quot;,
	sectionVerseOrParagraph = &quot;P958&quot;,
	archiveURL              = &quot;P1065&quot;,
	title                   = &quot;P1476&quot;,
	formatterURL            = &quot;P1630&quot;,
	quote                   = &quot;P1683&quot;,
	shortName               = &quot;P1813&quot;,
	definingFormula         = &quot;P2534&quot;,
	archiveDate             = &quot;P2960&quot;,
	inferredFrom            = &quot;P3452&quot;,
	typeOfReference         = &quot;P3865&quot;,
	column                  = &quot;P3903&quot;
}

local aliasesQ = {
	percentage              = &quot;Q11229&quot;,
	prolepticJulianCalendar = &quot;Q1985786&quot;,
	citeWeb                 = &quot;Q5637226&quot;,
	citeQ                   = &quot;Q22321052&quot;
}

local parameters = {
	property  = &quot;%p&quot;,
	qualifier = &quot;%q&quot;,
	reference = &quot;%r&quot;,
	alias     = &quot;%a&quot;,
	badge     = &quot;%b&quot;,
	separator = &quot;%s&quot;,
	general   = &quot;%x&quot;
}

local formats = {
	property              = &quot;%p[%s][%r]&quot;,
	qualifier             = &quot;%q[%s][%r]&quot;,
	reference             = &quot;%r&quot;,
	propertyWithQualifier = &quot;%p[ &lt;span style=\&quot;font-size:85\\%\&quot;&gt;(%q)&lt;/span&gt;][%s][%r]&quot;,
	alias                 = &quot;%a[%s]&quot;,
	badge                 = &quot;%b[%s]&quot;
}

local hookNames = {              -- {level_1, level_2}
	[parameters.property]         = {&quot;getProperty&quot;},
	[parameters.reference]        = {&quot;getReferences&quot;, &quot;getReference&quot;},
	[parameters.qualifier]        = {&quot;getAllQualifiers&quot;},
	[parameters.qualifier..&quot;\\d&quot;] = {&quot;getQualifiers&quot;, &quot;getQualifier&quot;},
	[parameters.alias]            = {&quot;getAlias&quot;},
	[parameters.badge]            = {&quot;getBadge&quot;}
}

-- default value objects, should NOT be mutated but instead copied
local defaultSeparators = {
	[&quot;sep&quot;]      = {&quot; &quot;},
	[&quot;sep%s&quot;]    = {&quot;,&quot;},
	[&quot;sep%q&quot;]    = {&quot;; &quot;},
	[&quot;sep%q\\d&quot;] = {&quot;, &quot;},
	[&quot;sep%r&quot;]    = nil,  -- none
	[&quot;punc&quot;]     = nil   -- none
}

local rankTable = {
	[&quot;preferred&quot;]  = 1,
	[&quot;normal&quot;]     = 2,
	[&quot;deprecated&quot;] = 3
}

local Config = {}

-- allows for recursive calls
function Config:new()
	local cfg = {}
	setmetatable(cfg, self)
	self.__index = self

	cfg.separators = {
		-- single value objects wrapped in arrays so that we can pass by reference
		[&quot;sep&quot;]   = {copyTable(defaultSeparators[&quot;sep&quot;])},
		[&quot;sep%s&quot;] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators[&quot;sep%s&quot;])},
		[&quot;sep%q&quot;] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators[&quot;sep%q&quot;])},
		[&quot;sep%r&quot;] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators[&quot;sep%r&quot;])},
		[&quot;punc&quot;]  = {copyTable(defaultSeparators[&quot;punc&quot;])}
	}

	cfg.entity = nil
	cfg.entityID = nil
	cfg.propertyID = nil
	cfg.propertyValue = nil
	cfg.qualifierIDs = {}
	cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues = {}

	cfg.bestRank = true
	cfg.ranks = {true, true, false}  -- preferred = true, normal = true, deprecated = false
	cfg.foundRank = #cfg.ranks
	cfg.flagBest = false
	cfg.flagRank = false

	cfg.periods = {true, true, true}  -- future = true, current = true, former = true
	cfg.flagPeriod = false
	cfg.atDate = {parseDate(os.date('!%Y-%m-%d'))}  -- today as {year, month, day}

	cfg.mdyDate = false
	cfg.singleClaim = false
	cfg.sourcedOnly = false
	cfg.editable = false
	cfg.editAtEnd = false

	cfg.inSitelinks = false

	cfg.langCode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code
	cfg.langName = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(cfg.langCode, cfg.langCode)
	cfg.langObj = mw.language.new(cfg.langCode)

	cfg.siteID = mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId()

	cfg.states = {}
	cfg.states.qualifiersCount = 0
	cfg.curState = nil

	cfg.prefetchedRefs = nil

	return cfg
end

local State = {}

function State:new(cfg, type)
	local stt = {}
	setmetatable(stt, self)
	self.__index = self

	stt.conf = cfg
	stt.type = type

	stt.results = {}

	stt.parsedFormat = {}
	stt.separator = {}
	stt.movSeparator = {}
	stt.puncMark = {}

	stt.linked = false
	stt.rawValue = false
	stt.shortName = false
	stt.anyLanguage = false
	stt.unitOnly = false
	stt.singleValue = false

	return stt
end

local function replaceAlias(id)
	if aliasesP[id] then
		id = aliasesP[id]
	end

	return id
end

local function errorText(code, param)
	local text = i18n[&quot;errors&quot;][code]
	if param then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, &quot;$1&quot;, param) end
	return text
end

local function throwError(errorMessage, param)
	error(errorText(errorMessage, param))
end

local function replaceDecimalMark(num)
	return mw.ustring.gsub(num, &quot;[.]&quot;, i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1)
end

local function padZeros(num, numDigits)
	local numZeros
	local negative = false

	if num &lt; 0 then
		negative = true
		num = num * -1
	end

	num = tostring(num)
	numZeros = numDigits - num:len()

	for _ = 1, numZeros do
		num = &quot;0&quot;..num
	end

	if negative then
		num = &quot;-&quot;..num
	end

	return num
end

local function replaceSpecialChar(chr)
	if chr == '_' then
		-- replace underscores with spaces
		return ' '
	else
		return chr
	end
end

local function replaceSpecialChars(str)
	local chr
	local esc = false
	local strOut = &quot;&quot;

	for i = 1, #str do
		chr = str:sub(i,i)

		if not esc then
			if chr == '\\' then
				esc = true
			else
				strOut = strOut .. replaceSpecialChar(chr)
			end
		else
			strOut = strOut .. chr
			esc = false
		end
	end

	return strOut
end

local function buildWikilink(target, label)
	if not label or target == label then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. target .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. target .. &quot;|&quot; .. label .. &quot;]]&quot;
	end
end

-- used to make frame.args mutable, to replace #frame.args (which is always 0)
-- with the actual amount and to simply copy tables
function copyTable(tIn)
	if not tIn then
		return nil
	end

	local tOut = {}

	for i, v in pairs(tIn) do
		tOut[i] = v
	end

	return tOut
end

-- used to merge output arrays together;
-- note that it currently mutates the first input array
local function mergeArrays(a1, a2)
	for i = 1, #a2 do
		a1[#a1 + 1] = a2[i]
	end

	return a1
end

local function split(str, del)
	local out = {}
	local i, j = str:find(del)

	if i and j then
		out[1] = str:sub(1, i - 1)
		out[2] = str:sub(j + 1)
	else
		out[1] = str
	end

	return out
end

local function parseWikidataURL(url)
	local id

	if url:match('^http[s]?://') then
		id = split(url, &quot;Q&quot;)

		if id[2] then
			return &quot;Q&quot; .. id[2]
		end
	end

	return nil
end

function parseDate(dateStr, precision)
	precision = precision or &quot;d&quot;

	local i, j, index, ptr
	local parts = {nil, nil, nil}

	if dateStr == nil then
		return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]  -- year, month, day
	end

	-- 'T' for snak values, '/' for outputs with '/Julian' attached
	i, j = dateStr:find(&quot;[T/]&quot;)

	if i then
		dateStr = dateStr:sub(1, i-1)
	end

	local from = 1

	if dateStr:sub(1,1) == &quot;-&quot; then
		-- this is a negative number, look further ahead
		from = 2
	end

	index = 1
	ptr = 1

	i, j = dateStr:find(&quot;-&quot;, from)

	if i then
		-- year
		parts[index] = tonumber(mw.ustring.gsub(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), &quot;^\+(.+)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;), 10)  -- remove '+' sign (explicitly give base 10 to prevent error)

		if parts[index] == -0 then
			parts[index] = tonumber(&quot;0&quot;)  -- for some reason, 'parts[index] = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead
		end

		if precision == &quot;y&quot; then
			-- we're done
			return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]  -- year, month, day
		end

		index = index + 1
		ptr = i + 1

		i, j = dateStr:find(&quot;-&quot;, ptr)

		if i then
			-- month
			parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10)

			if precision == &quot;m&quot; then
				-- we're done
				return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]  -- year, month, day
			end

			index = index + 1
			ptr = i + 1
		end
	end

	if dateStr:sub(ptr) ~= &quot;&quot; then
		-- day if we have month, month if we have year, or year
		parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr), 10)
	end

	return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]  -- year, month, day
end

local function datePrecedesDate(aY, aM, aD, bY, bM, bD)
	if aY == nil or bY == nil then
		return nil
	end
	aM = aM or 1
	aD = aD or 1
	bM = bM or 1
	bD = bD or 1

	if aY &lt; bY then
		return true
	end

	if aY &gt; bY then
		return false
	end

	if aM &lt; bM then
		return true
	end

	if aM &gt; bM then
		return false
	end

	if aD &lt; bD then
		return true
	end

	return false
end

local function getHookName(param, index)
	if hookNames[param] then
		return hookNames[param][index]
	elseif param:len() &gt; 2 then
		return hookNames[param:sub(1, 2)..&quot;\\d&quot;][index]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

local function alwaysTrue()
	return true
end

-- The following function parses a format string.
--
-- The example below shows how a parsed string is structured in memory.
-- Variables other than 'str' and 'child' are left out for clarity's sake.
--
-- Example:
-- &quot;A %p B [%s[%q1]] C [%r] D&quot;
--
-- Structure:
-- [
--   {
--     str = &quot;A &quot;
--   },
--   {
--     str = &quot;%p&quot;
--   },
--   {
--     str = &quot; B &quot;,
--     child =
--     [
--       {
--         str = &quot;%s&quot;,
--         child =
--         [
--           {
--             str = &quot;%q1&quot;
--           }
--         ]
--       }
--     ]
--   },
--   {
--     str = &quot; C &quot;,
--     child =
--     [
--       {
--         str = &quot;%r&quot;
--       }
--     ]
--   },
--   {
--     str = &quot; D&quot;
--   }
-- ]
--
local function parseFormat(str)
	local chr, esc, param, root, cur, prev, new
	local params = {}

	local function newObject(array)
		local obj = {}  -- new object
		obj.str = &quot;&quot;

		array[#array + 1] = obj  -- array{object}
		obj.parent = array

		return obj
	end

	local function endParam()
		if param &gt; 0 then
			if cur.str ~= &quot;&quot; then
				cur.str = &quot;%&quot;..cur.str
				cur.param = true
				params[cur.str] = true
				cur.parent.req[cur.str] = true
				prev = cur
				cur = newObject(cur.parent)
			end
			param = 0
		end
	end

	root = {}  -- array
	root.req = {}
	cur = newObject(root)
	prev = nil

	esc = false
	param = 0

	for i = 1, #str do
		chr = str:sub(i,i)

		if not esc then
			if chr == '\\' then
				endParam()
				esc = true
			elseif chr == '%' then
				endParam()
				if cur.str ~= &quot;&quot; then
					cur = newObject(cur.parent)
				end
				param = 2
			elseif chr == '[' then
				endParam()
				if prev and cur.str == &quot;&quot; then
					table.remove(cur.parent)
					cur = prev
				end
				cur.child = {}  -- new array
				cur.child.req = {}
				cur.child.parent = cur
				cur = newObject(cur.child)
			elseif chr == ']' then
				endParam()
				if cur.parent.parent then
					new = newObject(cur.parent.parent.parent)
					if cur.str == &quot;&quot; then
						table.remove(cur.parent)
					end
					cur = new
				end
			else
				if param &gt; 1 then
					param = param - 1
				elseif param == 1 then
					if not chr:match('%d') then
						endParam()
					end
				end

				cur.str = cur.str .. replaceSpecialChar(chr)
			end
		else
			cur.str = cur.str .. chr
			esc = false
		end

		prev = nil
	end

	endParam()

	-- make sure that at least one required parameter has been defined
	if not next(root.req) then
		throwError(&quot;missing-required-parameter&quot;)
	end

	-- make sure that the separator parameter &quot;%s&quot; is not amongst the required parameters
	if root.req[parameters.separator] then
		throwError(&quot;extra-required-parameter&quot;, parameters.separator)
	end

	return root, params
end

local function sortOnRank(claims)
	local rankPos
	local ranks = {{}, {}, {}, {}}  -- preferred, normal, deprecated, (default)
	local sorted = {}

	for _, v in ipairs(claims) do
		rankPos = rankTable[v.rank] or 4
		ranks[rankPos][#ranks[rankPos] + 1] = v
	end

	sorted = ranks[1]
	sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[2])
	sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[3])

	return sorted
end

-- if id == nil then item connected to current page is used
function Config:getLabel(id, raw, link, short)
	local label = nil
	local title = nil
	local prefix= &quot;&quot;

	if not id then
		id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()

		if not id then
			return &quot;&quot;
		end
	end

	id = id:upper()  -- just to be sure

	if raw then
		-- check if given id actually exists
		if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) and mw.wikibase.entityExists(id) then
			label = id

			if id:sub(1,1) == &quot;P&quot; then
				prefix = &quot;Property:&quot;
			end
		end

		prefix = &quot;d:&quot; .. prefix

		title = label  -- may be nil
	else
		-- try short name first if requested
		if short then
			label = p._property{aliasesP.shortName, [p.args.eid] = id}  -- get short name

			if label == &quot;&quot; then
				label = nil
			end
		end

		-- get label
		if not label then
			label = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, self.langCode)
		end
	end

	if not label then
		label = &quot;&quot;
	elseif link then
		-- build a link if requested
		if not title then
			if id:sub(1,1) == &quot;Q&quot; then
				title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id)
			elseif id:sub(1,1) == &quot;P&quot; then
				-- properties have no sitelink, link to Wikidata instead
				title = id
				prefix = &quot;d:Property:&quot;
			end
		end

		if title then
			label = buildWikilink(prefix .. title, label)
		end
	end

	return label
end

function Config:getEditIcon()
	local value = &quot;&quot;
	local prefix = &quot;&quot;
	local front = &quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;
	local back = &quot;&quot;

	if self.entityID:sub(1,1) == &quot;P&quot; then
		prefix = &quot;Property:&quot;
	end

	if self.editAtEnd then
		front = '&lt;span style=&quot;float:'

		if self.langObj:isRTL() then
			front = front .. 'left'
		else
			front = front .. 'right'
		end

		front = front .. '&quot;&gt;'
		back = '&lt;/span&gt;'
	end

	value = &quot;[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=&quot; .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. &quot;|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/&quot; .. prefix .. self.entityID .. &quot;?uselang=&quot; .. self.langCode

	if self.propertyID then
		value = value .. &quot;#&quot; .. self.propertyID
	elseif self.inSitelinks then
		value = value .. &quot;#sitelinks-wikipedia&quot;
	end

	value = value .. &quot;|&quot; .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. &quot;]]&quot;

	return front .. value .. back
end

-- used to create the final output string when it's all done, so that for references the
-- function extensionTag(&quot;ref&quot;, ...) is only called when they really ended up in the final output
function Config:concatValues(valuesArray)
	local outString = &quot;&quot;
	local j, skip

	for i = 1, #valuesArray do
		-- check if this is a reference
		if valuesArray[i].refHash then
			j = i - 1
			skip = false

			-- skip this reference if it is part of a continuous row of references that already contains the exact same reference
			while valuesArray[j] and valuesArray[j].refHash do
				if valuesArray[i].refHash == valuesArray[j].refHash then
					skip = true
					break
				end
				j = j - 1
			end

			if not skip then
				-- add &lt;ref&gt; tag with the reference's hash as its name (to deduplicate references)
				outString = outString .. mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag(&quot;ref&quot;, valuesArray[i][1], {name = valuesArray[i].refHash})
			end
		else
			outString = outString .. valuesArray[i][1]
		end
	end

	return outString
end

function Config:convertUnit(unit, raw, link, short, unitOnly)
	local space = &quot; &quot;
	local label = &quot;&quot;
	local itemID

	if unit == &quot;&quot; or unit == &quot;1&quot; then
		return nil
	end

	if unitOnly then
		space = &quot;&quot;
	end

	itemID = parseWikidataURL(unit)

	if itemID then
		if itemID == aliasesQ.percentage then
			return &quot;%&quot;
		else
			label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short)

			if label ~= &quot;&quot; then
				return space .. label
			end
		end
	end

	return &quot;&quot;
end

function State:getValue(snak)
	return self.conf:getValue(snak, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName, self.anyLanguage, self.unitOnly, false, self.type:sub(1,2))
end

function Config:getValue(snak, raw, link, short, anyLang, unitOnly, noSpecial, type)
	if snak.snaktype == 'value' then
		local datatype = snak.datavalue.type
		local subtype = snak.datatype
		local datavalue = snak.datavalue.value

		if datatype == 'string' then
			if subtype == 'url' and link then
				-- create link explicitly
				if raw then
					-- will render as a linked number like [1]
					return &quot;[&quot; .. datavalue .. &quot;]&quot;
				else
					return &quot;[&quot; .. datavalue .. &quot; &quot; .. datavalue .. &quot;]&quot;
				end
			elseif subtype == 'commonsMedia' then
				if link then
					return buildWikilink(&quot;c:File:&quot; .. datavalue, datavalue)
				elseif not raw then
					return &quot;[[File:&quot; .. datavalue .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					return datavalue
				end
			elseif subtype == 'geo-shape' and link then
				return buildWikilink(&quot;c:&quot; .. datavalue, datavalue)
			elseif subtype == 'math' and not raw then
				local attribute = nil

				if (type == parameters.property or (type == parameters.qualifier and self.propertyID == aliasesP.hasPart)) and snak.property == aliasesP.definingFormula then
					attribute = {qid = self.entityID}
				end

				return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag(&quot;math&quot;, datavalue, attribute)
			elseif subtype == 'external-id' and link then
				local url = p._property{aliasesP.formatterURL, [p.args.eid] = snak.property}  -- get formatter URL

				if url ~= &quot;&quot; then
					url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, &quot;$1&quot;, datavalue)
					return &quot;[&quot; .. url .. &quot; &quot; .. datavalue .. &quot;]&quot;
				else
					return datavalue
				end
			else
				return datavalue
			end
		elseif datatype == 'monolingualtext' then
			if anyLang or datavalue['language'] == self.langCode then
				return datavalue['text']
			else
				return nil
			end
		elseif datatype == 'quantity' then
			local value = &quot;&quot;
			local unit

			if not unitOnly then
				-- get value and strip + signs from front
				value = mw.ustring.gsub(datavalue['amount'], &quot;^\+(.+)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)

				if raw then
					return value
				end

				-- replace decimal mark based on locale
				value = replaceDecimalMark(value)

				-- add delimiters for readability
				value = i18n.addDelimiters(value)
			end

			unit = self:convertUnit(datavalue['unit'], raw, link, short, unitOnly)

			if unit then
				value = value .. unit
			end

			return value
		elseif datatype == 'time' then
			local y, m, d, p, yDiv, yRound, yFull, value, calendarID, dateStr
			local yFactor = 1
			local sign = 1
			local prefix = &quot;&quot;
			local suffix = &quot;&quot;
			local mayAddCalendar = false
			local calendar = &quot;&quot;
			local precision = datavalue['precision']

			if precision == 11 then
				p = &quot;d&quot;
			elseif precision == 10 then
				p = &quot;m&quot;
			else
				p = &quot;y&quot;
				yFactor = 10^(9-precision)
			end

			y, m, d = parseDate(datavalue['time'], p)

			if y &lt; 0 then
				sign = -1
				y = y * sign
			end

			-- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of years
			if precision &lt;= 8 then
				yDiv = y / yFactor

				-- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands of years
				if precision &gt;= 6 then
					mayAddCalendar = true

					if precision &lt;= 7 then
						-- round centuries/millenniums up (e.g. 20th century or 3rd millennium)
						yRound = math.ceil(yDiv)

						if not raw then
							if precision == 6 then
								suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['millennium']
							else
								suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['century']
							end

							suffix = i18n.getOrdinalSuffix(yRound) .. suffix
						else
							-- if not verbose, take the first year of the century/millennium
							-- (e.g. 1901 for 20th century or 2001 for 3rd millennium)
							yRound = (yRound - 1) * yFactor + 1
						end
					else
						-- precision == 8
						-- round decades down (e.g. 2010s)
						yRound = math.floor(yDiv) * yFactor

						if not raw then
							prefix = i18n['datetime']['prefixes']['decade-period']
							suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['decade-period']
						end
					end

					if raw and sign &lt; 0 then
						-- if BCE then compensate for &quot;counting backwards&quot;
						-- (e.g. -2019 for 2010s BCE, -2000 for 20th century BCE or -3000 for 3rd millennium BCE)
						yRound = yRound + yFactor - 1
					end
				else
					local yReFactor, yReDiv, yReRound

					-- round to nearest for tens of thousands of years or more
					yRound = math.floor(yDiv + 0.5)

					if yRound == 0 then
						if precision &lt;= 2 and y ~= 0 then
							yReFactor = 1e6
							yReDiv = y / yReFactor
							yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5)

							if yReDiv == yReRound then
								-- change precision to millions of years only if we have a whole number of them
								precision = 3
								yFactor = yReFactor
								yRound = yReRound
							end
						end

						if yRound == 0 then
							-- otherwise, take the unrounded (original) number of years
							precision = 5
							yFactor = 1
							yRound = y
							mayAddCalendar = true
						end
					end

					if precision &gt;= 1 and y ~= 0 then
						yFull = yRound * yFactor

						yReFactor = 1e9
						yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor
						yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5)

						if yReDiv == yReRound then
							-- change precision to billions of years if we're in that range
							precision = 0
							yFactor = yReFactor
							yRound = yReRound
						else
							yReFactor = 1e6
							yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor
							yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5)

							if yReDiv == yReRound then
								-- change precision to millions of years if we're in that range
								precision = 3
								yFactor = yReFactor
								yRound = yReRound
							end
						end
					end

					if not raw then
						if precision == 3 then
							suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['million-years']
						elseif precision == 0 then
							suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['billion-years']
						else
							yRound = yRound * yFactor
							if yRound == 1 then
								suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['year']
							else
								suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['years']
							end
						end
					else
						yRound = yRound * yFactor
					end
				end
			else
				yRound = y
				mayAddCalendar = true
			end

			if mayAddCalendar then
				calendarID = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['calendarmodel'])

				if calendarID and calendarID == aliasesQ.prolepticJulianCalendar then
					if not raw then
						if link then
							calendar = &quot; (&quot;..buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['julian-calendar'], i18n['datetime']['julian'])..&quot;)&quot;
						else
							calendar = &quot; (&quot;..i18n['datetime']['julian']..&quot;)&quot;
						end
					else
						calendar = &quot;/&quot;..i18n['datetime']['julian']
					end
				end
			end

			if not raw then
				local ce = nil

				if sign &lt; 0 then
					ce = i18n['datetime']['BCE']
				elseif precision &lt;= 5 then
					ce = i18n['datetime']['CE']
				end

				if ce then
					if link then
						ce = buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['common-era'], ce)
					end
					suffix = suffix .. &quot; &quot; .. ce
				end

				value = tostring(yRound)

				if m then
					dateStr = self.langObj:formatDate(&quot;F&quot;, &quot;1-&quot;..m..&quot;-1&quot;)

					if d then
						if self.mdyDate then
							dateStr = dateStr .. &quot; &quot; .. d .. &quot;,&quot;
						else
							dateStr = d .. &quot; &quot; .. dateStr
						end
					end

					value = dateStr .. &quot; &quot; .. value
				end

				value = prefix .. value .. suffix .. calendar
			else
				value = padZeros(yRound * sign, 4)

				if m then
					value = value .. &quot;-&quot; .. padZeros(m, 2)

					if d then
						value = value .. &quot;-&quot; .. padZeros(d, 2)
					end
				end

				value = value .. calendar
			end

			return value
		elseif datatype == 'globecoordinate' then
			-- logic from https://github.com/DataValues/Geo (v4.0.1)

			local precision, unitsPerDegree, numDigits, strFormat, value, globe
			local latitude, latConv, latValue, latLink
			local longitude, lonConv, lonValue, lonLink
			local latDirection, latDirectionN, latDirectionS, latDirectionEN
			local lonDirection, lonDirectionE, lonDirectionW, lonDirectionEN
			local degSymbol, minSymbol, secSymbol, separator

			local latDegrees = nil
			local latMinutes = nil
			local latSeconds = nil
			local lonDegrees = nil
			local lonMinutes = nil
			local lonSeconds = nil

			local latDegSym = &quot;&quot;
			local latMinSym = &quot;&quot;
			local latSecSym = &quot;&quot;
			local lonDegSym = &quot;&quot;
			local lonMinSym = &quot;&quot;
			local lonSecSym = &quot;&quot;

			local latDirectionEN_N = &quot;N&quot;
			local latDirectionEN_S = &quot;S&quot;
			local lonDirectionEN_E = &quot;E&quot;
			local lonDirectionEN_W = &quot;W&quot;

			if not raw then
				latDirectionN = i18n['coord']['latitude-north']
				latDirectionS = i18n['coord']['latitude-south']
				lonDirectionE = i18n['coord']['longitude-east']
				lonDirectionW = i18n['coord']['longitude-west']

				degSymbol = i18n['coord']['degrees']
				minSymbol = i18n['coord']['minutes']
				secSymbol = i18n['coord']['seconds']
				separator = i18n['coord']['separator']
			else
				latDirectionN = latDirectionEN_N
				latDirectionS = latDirectionEN_S
				lonDirectionE = lonDirectionEN_E
				lonDirectionW = lonDirectionEN_W

				degSymbol = &quot;/&quot;
				minSymbol = &quot;/&quot;
				secSymbol = &quot;/&quot;
				separator = &quot;/&quot;
			end

			latitude = datavalue['latitude']
			longitude = datavalue['longitude']

			if latitude &lt; 0 then
				latDirection = latDirectionS
				latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_S
				latitude = math.abs(latitude)
			else
				latDirection = latDirectionN
				latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_N
			end

			if longitude &lt; 0 then
				lonDirection = lonDirectionW
				lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_W
				longitude = math.abs(longitude)
			else
				lonDirection = lonDirectionE
				lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_E
			end

			precision = datavalue['precision']

			if not precision or precision &lt;= 0 then
				precision = 1 / 3600  -- precision not set (correctly), set to arcsecond
			end

			-- remove insignificant detail
			latitude = math.floor(latitude / precision + 0.5) * precision
			longitude = math.floor(longitude / precision + 0.5) * precision

			if precision &gt;= 1 - (1 / 60) and precision &lt; 1 then
				precision = 1
			elseif precision &gt;= (1 / 60) - (1 / 3600) and precision &lt; (1 / 60) then
				precision = 1 / 60
			end

			if precision &gt;= 1 then
				unitsPerDegree = 1
			elseif precision &gt;= (1 / 60)  then
				unitsPerDegree = 60
			else
				unitsPerDegree = 3600
			end

			numDigits = math.ceil(-math.log10(unitsPerDegree * precision))

			if numDigits &lt;= 0 then
				numDigits = tonumber(&quot;0&quot;)  -- for some reason, 'numDigits = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead
			end

			strFormat = &quot;%.&quot; .. numDigits .. &quot;f&quot;

			if precision &gt;= 1 then
				latDegrees = strFormat:format(latitude)
				lonDegrees = strFormat:format(longitude)

				if not raw then
					latDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(latDegrees) .. degSymbol
					lonDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonDegrees) .. degSymbol
				else
					latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol
					lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol
				end
			else
				latConv = math.floor(latitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits
				lonConv = math.floor(longitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits

				if precision &gt;= (1 / 60) then
					latMinutes = latConv
					lonMinutes = lonConv
				else
					latSeconds = latConv
					lonSeconds = lonConv

					latMinutes = math.floor(latSeconds / 60)
					lonMinutes = math.floor(lonSeconds / 60)

					latSeconds = strFormat:format(latSeconds - (latMinutes * 60))
					lonSeconds = strFormat:format(lonSeconds - (lonMinutes * 60))

					if not raw then
						latSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(latSeconds) .. secSymbol
						lonSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonSeconds) .. secSymbol
					else
						latSecSym = latSeconds .. secSymbol
						lonSecSym = lonSeconds .. secSymbol
					end
				end

				latDegrees = math.floor(latMinutes / 60)
				lonDegrees = math.floor(lonMinutes / 60)

				latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol
				lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol

				latMinutes = latMinutes - (latDegrees * 60)
				lonMinutes = lonMinutes - (lonDegrees * 60)

				if precision &gt;= (1 / 60) then
					latMinutes = strFormat:format(latMinutes)
					lonMinutes = strFormat:format(lonMinutes)

					if not raw then
						latMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(latMinutes) .. minSymbol
						lonMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonMinutes) .. minSymbol
					else
						latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol
						lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol
					end
				else
					latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol
					lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol
				end
			end

			latValue = latDegSym .. latMinSym .. latSecSym .. latDirection
			lonValue = lonDegSym .. lonMinSym .. lonSecSym .. lonDirection

			value = latValue .. separator .. lonValue

			if link then
				globe = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['globe'])

				if globe then
					globe = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(globe, &quot;en&quot;):lower()
				else
					globe = &quot;earth&quot;
				end

				latLink = table.concat({latDegrees, latMinutes, latSeconds}, &quot;_&quot;)
				lonLink = table.concat({lonDegrees, lonMinutes, lonSeconds}, &quot;_&quot;)

				value = &quot;[https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=&quot;..self.langCode..&quot;&amp;params=&quot;..latLink..&quot;_&quot;..latDirectionEN..&quot;_&quot;..lonLink..&quot;_&quot;..lonDirectionEN..&quot;_globe:&quot;..globe..&quot; &quot;..value..&quot;]&quot;
			end

			return value
		elseif datatype == 'wikibase-entityid' then
			local label
			local itemID = datavalue['numeric-id']

			if subtype == 'wikibase-item' then
				itemID = &quot;Q&quot; .. itemID
			elseif subtype == 'wikibase-property' then
				itemID = &quot;P&quot; .. itemID
			else
				return '&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', subtype) .. '&lt;/strong&gt;'
			end

			label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short)

			if label == &quot;&quot; then
				label = nil
			end

			return label
		else
			return '&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', datatype) .. '&lt;/strong&gt;'
		end
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' and not noSpecial then
		if raw then
			return &quot; &quot;  -- single space represents 'somevalue'
		else
			return i18n['values']['unknown']
		end
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' and not noSpecial then
		if raw then
			return &quot;&quot;  -- empty string represents 'novalue'
		else
			return i18n['values']['none']
		end
	else
		return nil
	end
end

function Config:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, qualifierID)
	local qualifiers

	if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[qualifierID] end

	if qualifiers and qualifiers[1] then
		return self:getValue(qualifiers[1], true)  -- raw = true
	else
		return nil
	end
end

function Config:snakEqualsValue(snak, value)
	local snakValue = self:getValue(snak, true)  -- raw = true

	if snakValue and snak.snaktype == 'value' and snak.datavalue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then value = value:upper() end

	return snakValue == value
end

function Config:setRank(rank)
	local rankPos

	if rank == p.flags.best then
		self.bestRank = true
		self.flagBest = true  -- mark that 'best' flag was given
		return
	end

	if rank:sub(1,9) == p.flags.preferred then
		rankPos = 1
	elseif rank:sub(1,6) == p.flags.normal then
		rankPos = 2
	elseif rank:sub(1,10) == p.flags.deprecated then
		rankPos = 3
	else
		return
	end

	-- one of the rank flags was given, check if another one was given before
	if not self.flagRank then
		self.ranks = {false, false, false}  -- no other rank flag given before, so unset ranks
		self.bestRank = self.flagBest       -- unsets bestRank only if 'best' flag was not given before
		self.flagRank = true                -- mark that a rank flag was given
	end

	if rank:sub(-1) == &quot;+&quot; then
		for i = rankPos, 1, -1 do
			self.ranks[i] = true
		end
	elseif rank:sub(-1) == &quot;-&quot; then
		for i = rankPos, #self.ranks do
			self.ranks[i] = true
		end
	else
		self.ranks[rankPos] = true
	end
end

function Config:setPeriod(period)
	local periodPos

	if period == p.flags.future then
		periodPos = 1
	elseif period == p.flags.current then
		periodPos = 2
	elseif period == p.flags.former then
		periodPos = 3
	else
		return
	end

	-- one of the period flags was given, check if another one was given before
	if not self.flagPeriod then
		self.periods = {false, false, false}  -- no other period flag given before, so unset periods
		self.flagPeriod = true                -- mark that a period flag was given
	end

	self.periods[periodPos] = true
end

function Config:qualifierMatches(claim, id, value)
	local qualifiers

	if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[id] end
	if qualifiers then
		for _, v in pairs(qualifiers) do
			if self:snakEqualsValue(v, value) then
				return true
			end
		end
	elseif value == &quot;&quot; then
		-- if the qualifier is not present then treat it the same as the special value 'novalue'
		return true
	end

	return false
end

function Config:rankMatches(rankPos)
	if self.bestRank then
		return (self.ranks[rankPos] and self.foundRank &gt;= rankPos)
	else
		return self.ranks[rankPos]
	end
end

function Config:timeMatches(claim)
	local startTime = nil
	local startTimeY = nil
	local startTimeM = nil
	local startTimeD = nil
	local endTime = nil
	local endTimeY = nil
	local endTimeM = nil
	local endTimeD = nil

	if self.periods[1] and self.periods[2] and self.periods[3] then
		-- any time
		return true
	end

	startTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.startTime)
	if startTime and startTime ~= &quot;&quot; and startTime ~= &quot; &quot; then
		startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD = parseDate(startTime)
	end

	endTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.endTime)
	if endTime and endTime ~= &quot;&quot; and endTime ~= &quot; &quot; then
		endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD = parseDate(endTime)
	end

	if startTimeY ~= nil and endTimeY ~= nil and datePrecedesDate(endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD, startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then
		-- invalidate end time if it precedes start time
		endTimeY = nil
		endTimeM = nil
		endTimeD = nil
	end

	if self.periods[1] then
		-- future
		if startTimeY and datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then
			return true
		end
	end

	if self.periods[2] then
		-- current
		if (startTimeY == nil or not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD)) and
		   (endTimeY == nil or datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD)) then
			return true
		end
	end

	if self.periods[3] then
		-- former
		if endTimeY and not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD) then
			return true
		end
	end

	return false
end

function Config:processFlag(flag)
	if not flag then
		return false
	end

	if flag == p.flags.linked then
		self.curState.linked = true
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.raw then
		self.curState.rawValue = true

		if self.curState == self.states[parameters.reference] then
			-- raw reference values end with periods and require a separator (other than none)
			self.separators[&quot;sep%r&quot;][1] = {&quot; &quot;}
		end

		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.short then
		self.curState.shortName = true
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.multilanguage then
		self.curState.anyLanguage = true
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.unit then
		self.curState.unitOnly = true
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.mdy then
		self.mdyDate = true
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.single then
		self.singleClaim = true
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.sourced then
		self.sourcedOnly = true
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.edit then
		self.editable = true
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.editAtEnd then
		self.editable = true
		self.editAtEnd = true
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.best or flag:match('^'..p.flags.preferred..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.normal..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.deprecated..'[+-]?$') then
		self:setRank(flag)
		return true
	elseif flag == p.flags.future or flag == p.flags.current or flag == p.flags.former then
		self:setPeriod(flag)
		return true
	elseif flag == &quot;&quot; then
		-- ignore empty flags and carry on
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

function Config:processFlagOrCommand(flag)
	local param = &quot;&quot;

	if not flag then
		return false
	end

	if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.properties then
		param = parameters.property
	elseif flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifiers then
		self.states.qualifiersCount = self.states.qualifiersCount + 1
		param = parameters.qualifier .. self.states.qualifiersCount
		self.separators[&quot;sep&quot;..param] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators[&quot;sep%q\\d&quot;])}
	elseif flag == p.claimCommands.reference or flag == p.claimCommands.references then
		param = parameters.reference
	else
		return self:processFlag(flag)
	end

	if self.states[param] then
		return false
	end

	-- create a new state for each command
	self.states[param] = State:new(self, param)

	-- use &quot;%x&quot; as the general parameter name
	self.states[param].parsedFormat = parseFormat(parameters.general)  -- will be overwritten for param==&quot;%p&quot;

	-- set the separator
	self.states[param].separator = self.separators[&quot;sep&quot;..param]  -- will be nil for param==&quot;%p&quot;, which will be set separately

	if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.reference then
		self.states[param].singleValue = true
	end

	self.curState = self.states[param]

	return true
end

function Config:processSeparators(args)
	local sep

	for i, v in pairs(self.separators) do
		if args[i] then
			sep = replaceSpecialChars(args[i])

			if sep ~= &quot;&quot; then
				self.separators[i][1] = {sep}
			else
				self.separators[i][1] = nil
			end
		end
	end
end

function Config:setFormatAndSeparators(state, parsedFormat)
	state.parsedFormat = parsedFormat
	state.separator = self.separators[&quot;sep&quot;]
	state.movSeparator = self.separators[&quot;sep&quot;..parameters.separator]
	state.puncMark = self.separators[&quot;punc&quot;]
end

-- determines if a claim has references by prefetching them from the claim using getReferences,
-- which applies some filtering that determines if a reference is actually returned,
-- and caches the references for later use
function State:isSourced(claim)
	self.conf.prefetchedRefs = self:getReferences(claim)
	return (#self.conf.prefetchedRefs &gt; 0)
end

function State:resetCaches()
	-- any prefetched references of the previous claim must not be used
	self.conf.prefetchedRefs = nil
end

function State:claimMatches(claim)
	local matches, rankPos

	-- first of all, reset any cached values used for the previous claim
	self:resetCaches()

	-- if a property value was given, check if it matches the claim's property value
	if self.conf.propertyValue then
		matches = self.conf:snakEqualsValue(claim.mainsnak, self.conf.propertyValue)
	else
		matches = true
	end

	-- if any qualifier values were given, check if each matches one of the claim's qualifier values
	for i, v in pairs(self.conf.qualifierIDsAndValues) do
		matches = (matches and self.conf:qualifierMatches(claim, i, v))
	end

	-- check if the claim's rank and time period match
	rankPos = rankTable[claim.rank] or 4
	matches = (matches and self.conf:rankMatches(rankPos) and self.conf:timeMatches(claim))

	-- if only claims with references must be returned, check if this one has any
	if self.conf.sourcedOnly then
		matches = (matches and self:isSourced(claim))  -- prefetches and caches references
	end

	return matches, rankPos
end

function State:out()
	local result  -- collection of arrays with value objects
	local valuesArray  -- array with value objects
	local sep = nil  -- value object
	local out = {}  -- array with value objects

	local function walk(formatTable, result)
		local valuesArray = {}  -- array with value objects

		for i, v in pairs(formatTable.req) do
			if not result[i] or not result[i][1] then
				-- we've got no result for a parameter that is required on this level,
				-- so skip this level (and its children) by returning an empty result
				return {}
			end
		end

		for _, v in ipairs(formatTable) do
			if v.param then
				valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, result[v.str])
			elseif v.str ~= &quot;&quot; then
				valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = {v.str}
			end

			if v.child then
				valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, walk(v.child, result))
			end
		end

		return valuesArray
	end

	-- iterate through the results from back to front, so that we know when to add separators
	for i = #self.results, 1, -1 do
		result = self.results[i]

		-- if there is already some output, then add the separators
		if #out &gt; 0 then
			sep = self.separator[1]  -- fixed separator
			result[parameters.separator] = {self.movSeparator[1]}  -- movable separator
		else
			sep = nil
			result[parameters.separator] = {self.puncMark[1]}  -- optional punctuation mark
		end

		valuesArray = walk(self.parsedFormat, result)

		if #valuesArray &gt; 0 then
			if sep then
				valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = sep
			end

			out = mergeArrays(valuesArray, out)
		end
	end

	-- reset state before next iteration
	self.results = {}

	return out
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getProperty(claim)
	local value = {self:getValue(claim.mainsnak)}  -- create one value object

	if #value &gt; 0 then
		return {value}  -- wrap the value object in an array and return it
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array if there was no value
	end
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getQualifiers(claim, param)
	local qualifiers

	if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[self.conf.qualifierIDs[param]] end
	if qualifiers then
		-- iterate through claim's qualifier statements to collect their values;
		-- return array with multiple value objects
		return self.conf.states[param]:iterate(qualifiers, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.qualifier..&quot;\\d&quot;][2], count = 1})  -- pass qualifier state with level 2 hook
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array
	end
end

-- level 2 hook
function State:getQualifier(snak)
	local value = {self:getValue(snak)}  -- create one value object

	if #value &gt; 0 then
		return {value}  -- wrap the value object in an array and return it
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array if there was no value
	end
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getAllQualifiers(claim, param, result, hooks)
	local out = {}  -- array with value objects
	local sep = self.conf.separators[&quot;sep&quot;..parameters.qualifier][1]  -- value object

	-- iterate through the output of the separate &quot;qualifier(s)&quot; commands
	for i = 1, self.conf.states.qualifiersCount do

		-- if a hook has not been called yet, call it now
		if not result[parameters.qualifier..i] then
			self:callHook(parameters.qualifier..i, hooks, claim, result)
		end

		-- if there is output for this particular &quot;qualifier(s)&quot; command, then add it
		if result[parameters.qualifier..i] and result[parameters.qualifier..i][1] then

			-- if there is already some output, then add the separator
			if #out &gt; 0 and sep then
				out[#out + 1] = sep
			end

			out = mergeArrays(out, result[parameters.qualifier..i])
		end
	end

	return out
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getReferences(claim)
	if self.conf.prefetchedRefs then
		-- return references that have been prefetched by isSourced
		return self.conf.prefetchedRefs
	end

	if claim.references then
		-- iterate through claim's reference statements to collect their values;
		-- return array with multiple value objects
		return self.conf.states[parameters.reference]:iterate(claim.references, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.reference][2], count = 1})  -- pass reference state with level 2 hook
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array
	end
end

-- level 2 hook
function State:getReference(statement)
	local key, citeWeb, citeQ, label
	local params = {}
	local citeParams = {['web'] = {}, ['q'] = {}}
	local citeMismatch = {}
	local useCite = nil
	local useParams = nil
	local value = &quot;&quot;
	local ref = {}

	local version = 1  -- increment this each time the below logic is changed to avoid conflict errors

	if statement.snaks then
		-- don't include &quot;imported from&quot;, which is added by a bot
		if statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] then
			statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] = nil
		end

		-- don't include &quot;inferred from&quot;, which is added by a bot
		if statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] then
			statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] = nil
		end

		-- don't include &quot;type of reference&quot;
		if statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] then
			statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] = nil
		end

		-- don't include &quot;image&quot; to prevent littering
		if statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] then
			statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] = nil
		end

		-- don't include &quot;language&quot; if it is equal to the local one
		if self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.language) == self.conf.langName then
			statement.snaks[aliasesP.language] = nil
		end

		-- retrieve all the parameters
		for i in pairs(statement.snaks) do
			label = &quot;&quot;

			-- multiple authors may be given
			if i == aliasesP.author then
				params[i] = self:getReferenceDetails(statement.snaks, i, false, self.linked, true)  -- link = true/false, anyLang = true
			else
				params[i] = {self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, i, false, (self.linked or (i == aliasesP.statedIn)) and (statement.snaks[i][1].datatype ~= 'url'), true)}  -- link = true/false, anyLang = true
			end

			if #params[i] == 0 then
				params[i] = nil
			else
				if statement.snaks[i][1].datatype == 'external-id' then
					key = &quot;external-id&quot;
					label = self.conf:getLabel(i)

					if label ~= &quot;&quot; then
						label = label .. &quot; &quot;
					end
				else
					key = i
				end

				-- add the parameter to each matching type of citation
				for j in pairs(citeParams) do
					-- do so if there was no mismatch with a previous parameter
					if not citeMismatch[j] then
						-- check if this parameter is not mismatching itself
						if i18n['cite'][j][key] then
							-- continue if an option is available in the corresponding cite template
							if i18n['cite'][j][key] ~= &quot;&quot; then
								citeParams[j][i18n['cite'][j][key]] = label .. params[i][1]

								-- if there are multiple parameter values (authors), add those too
								for k=2, #params[i] do
									citeParams[j][i18n['cite'][j][key]..k] = label .. params[i][k]
								end
							end
						else
							citeMismatch[j] = true
						end
					end
				end
			end
		end

		-- get title of general template for citing web references
		citeWeb = split(mw.wikibase.getSitelink(aliasesQ.citeWeb) or &quot;&quot;, &quot;:&quot;)[2]  -- split off namespace from front

		-- get title of template that expands stated-in references into citations
		citeQ = split(mw.wikibase.getSitelink(aliasesQ.citeQ) or &quot;&quot;, &quot;:&quot;)[2]  -- split off namespace from front

		-- (1) use the general template for citing web references if there is a match and if at least both &quot;reference URL&quot; and &quot;title&quot; are present
		if citeWeb and not citeMismatch['web'] and citeParams['web'][i18n['cite']['web'][aliasesP.referenceURL]] and citeParams['web'][i18n['cite']['web'][aliasesP.title]] then
			useCite = citeWeb
			useParams = citeParams['web']

		-- (2) use the template that expands stated-in references into citations if there is a match and if at least &quot;stated in&quot; is present
		elseif citeQ and not citeMismatch['q'] and citeParams['q'][i18n['cite']['q'][aliasesP.statedIn]] then
			-- we need the raw &quot;stated in&quot; Q-identifier for the this template
			citeParams['q'][i18n['cite']['q'][aliasesP.statedIn]] = self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.statedIn, true)  -- raw = true

			useCite = citeQ
			useParams = citeParams['q']
		end

		if useCite and useParams then
			-- if this module is being substituted then build a regular template call, otherwise expand the template
			if mw.isSubsting() then
				for i, v in pairs(useParams) do
					value = value .. &quot;|&quot; .. i .. &quot;=&quot; .. v
				end

				value = &quot;{{&quot; .. useCite .. value .. &quot;}}&quot;
			else
				value = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=useCite, args=useParams}
			end

		-- (3) else, do some default rendering of name-value pairs, but only if at least &quot;stated in&quot;, &quot;reference URL&quot; or &quot;title&quot; is present
		elseif params[aliasesP.statedIn] or params[aliasesP.referenceURL] or params[aliasesP.title] then
			citeParams['default'] = {}

			-- start by adding authors up front
			if params[aliasesP.author] and #params[aliasesP.author] &gt; 0 then
				citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = table.concat(params[aliasesP.author], &quot; &amp; &quot;)
			end

			-- combine &quot;reference URL&quot; and &quot;title&quot; into one link if both are present
			if params[aliasesP.referenceURL] and params[aliasesP.title] then
				citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = '[' .. params[aliasesP.referenceURL][1] .. ' &quot;' .. params[aliasesP.title][1] .. '&quot;]'
			elseif params[aliasesP.referenceURL] then
				citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = params[aliasesP.referenceURL][1]
			elseif params[aliasesP.title] then
				citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = '&quot;' .. params[aliasesP.title][1] .. '&quot;'
			end

			-- then add &quot;stated in&quot;
			if params[aliasesP.statedIn] then
				citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = &quot;''&quot; .. params[aliasesP.statedIn][1] .. &quot;''&quot;
			end

			-- remove previously added parameters so that they won't be added a second time
			params[aliasesP.author] = nil
			params[aliasesP.referenceURL] = nil
			params[aliasesP.title] = nil
			params[aliasesP.statedIn] = nil

			-- add the rest of the parameters
			for i, v in pairs(params) do
				i = self.conf:getLabel(i)

				if i ~= &quot;&quot; then
					citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = i .. &quot;: &quot; .. v[1]
				end
			end

			value = table.concat(citeParams['default'], &quot;; &quot;)

			if value ~= &quot;&quot; then
				value = value .. &quot;.&quot;
			end
		end

		if value ~= &quot;&quot; then
			value = {value}  -- create one value object

			if not self.rawValue then
				-- this should become a &lt;ref&gt; tag, so save the reference's hash for later
				value.refHash = &quot;wikidata-&quot; .. statement.hash .. &quot;-v&quot; .. (tonumber(i18n['cite']['version']) + version)
			end

			ref = {value}  -- wrap the value object in an array
		end
	end

	return ref
end

-- gets a detail of one particular type for a reference
function State:getReferenceDetail(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang)
	local switchLang = anyLang
	local value = nil

	if not snaks[dType] then
		return nil
	end

	-- if anyLang, first try the local language and otherwise any language
	repeat
		for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do
			value = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang and not switchLang, false, true)  -- noSpecial = true

			if value then
				break
			end
		end

		if value or not anyLang then
			break
		end

		switchLang = not switchLang
	until anyLang and switchLang

	return value
end

-- gets the details of one particular type for a reference
function State:getReferenceDetails(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang)
	local values = {}

	if not snaks[dType] then
		return {}
	end

	for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do
		-- if nil is returned then it will not be added to the table
		values[#values + 1] = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang, false, true)  -- noSpecial = true
	end

	return values
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getAlias(object)
	local value = object.value
	local title = nil

	if value and self.linked then
		if self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == &quot;Q&quot; then
			title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(self.conf.entityID)
		elseif self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == &quot;P&quot; then
			title = &quot;d:Property:&quot; .. self.conf.entityID
		end

		if title then
			value = buildWikilink(title, value)
		end
	end

	value = {value}  -- create one value object

	if #value &gt; 0 then
		return {value}  -- wrap the value object in an array and return it
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array if there was no value
	end
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getBadge(value)
	value = self.conf:getLabel(value, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName)

	if value == &quot;&quot; then
		value = nil
	end

	value = {value}  -- create one value object

	if #value &gt; 0 then
		return {value}  -- wrap the value object in an array and return it
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array if there was no value
	end
end

function State:callHook(param, hooks, statement, result)
	local valuesArray, refHash

	-- call a parameter's hook if it has been defined and if it has not been called before
	if not result[param] and hooks[param] then
		valuesArray = self[hooks[param]](self, statement, param, result, hooks)  -- array with value objects

		-- add to the result
		if #valuesArray &gt; 0 then
			result[param] = valuesArray
			result.count = result.count + 1
		else
			result[param] = {}  -- an empty array to indicate that we've tried this hook already
			return true  -- miss == true
		end
	end

	return false
end

-- iterate through claims, claim's qualifiers or claim's references to collect values
function State:iterate(statements, hooks, matchHook)
	matchHook = matchHook or alwaysTrue

	local matches = false
	local rankPos = nil
	local result, gotRequired

	for _, v in ipairs(statements) do
		-- rankPos will be nil for non-claim statements (e.g. qualifiers, references, etc.)
		matches, rankPos = matchHook(self, v)

		if matches then
			result = {count = 0}  -- collection of arrays with value objects

			local function walk(formatTable)
				local miss

				for i2, v2 in pairs(formatTable.req) do
					-- call a hook, adding its return value to the result
					miss = self:callHook(i2, hooks, v, result)

					if miss then
						-- we miss a required value for this level, so return false
						return false
					end

					if result.count == hooks.count then
						-- we're done if all hooks have been called;
						-- returning at this point breaks the loop
						return true
					end
				end

				for _, v2 in ipairs(formatTable) do
					if result.count == hooks.count then
						-- we're done if all hooks have been called;
						-- returning at this point prevents further childs from being processed
						return true
					end

					if v2.child then
						walk(v2.child)
					end
				end

				return true
			end
			gotRequired = walk(self.parsedFormat)

			-- only append the result if we got values for all required parameters on the root level
			if gotRequired then
				-- if we have a rankPos (only with matchHook() for complete claims), then update the foundRank
				if rankPos and self.conf.foundRank &gt; rankPos then
					self.conf.foundRank = rankPos
				end

				-- append the result
				self.results[#self.results + 1] = result

				-- break if we only need a single value
				if self.singleValue then
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	return self:out()
end

local function getEntityId(arg, eid, page, allowOmitPropPrefix)
	local id = nil
	local prop = nil

	if arg then
		if arg:sub(1,1) == &quot;:&quot; then
			page = arg
			eid = nil
		elseif arg:sub(1,1):upper() == &quot;Q&quot; or arg:sub(1,9):lower() == &quot;property:&quot; or allowOmitPropPrefix then
			eid = arg
			page = nil
		else
			prop = arg
		end
	end

	if eid then
		if eid:sub(1,9):lower() == &quot;property:&quot; then
			id = replaceAlias(mw.text.trim(eid:sub(10)))

			if id:sub(1,1):upper() ~= &quot;P&quot; then
				id = &quot;&quot;
			end
		else
			id = replaceAlias(eid)
		end
	elseif page then
		if page:sub(1,1) == &quot;:&quot; then
			page = mw.text.trim(page:sub(2))
		end

		id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(page) or &quot;&quot;
	end

	if not id then
		id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or &quot;&quot;
	end

	id = id:upper()

	if not mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then
		id = &quot;&quot;
	end

	return id, prop
end

local function nextArg(args)
	local arg = args[args.pointer]

	if arg then
		args.pointer = args.pointer + 1
		return mw.text.trim(arg)
	else
		return nil
	end
end

local function claimCommand(args, funcName)
	local cfg = Config:new()
	cfg:processFlagOrCommand(funcName)  -- process first command (== function name)

	local lastArg, parsedFormat, formatParams, claims, value
	local hooks = {count = 0}

	-- set the date if given;
	-- must come BEFORE processing the flags
	if args[p.args.date] then
		cfg.atDate = {parseDate(args[p.args.date])}
		cfg.periods = {false, true, false}  -- change default time constraint to 'current'
	end

	-- process flags and commands
	repeat
		lastArg = nextArg(args)
	until not cfg:processFlagOrCommand(lastArg)

	-- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument
	cfg.entityID, cfg.propertyID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page])

	if cfg.entityID == &quot;&quot; then
		return &quot;&quot;  -- we cannot continue without a valid entity ID
	end

	cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID)

	if not cfg.propertyID then
		cfg.propertyID = nextArg(args)
	end

	cfg.propertyID = replaceAlias(cfg.propertyID)

	if not cfg.entity or not cfg.propertyID then
		return &quot;&quot;  -- we cannot continue without an entity or a property ID
	end

	cfg.propertyID = cfg.propertyID:upper()

	if not cfg.entity.claims or not cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] then
		return &quot;&quot;  -- there is no use to continue without any claims
	end

	claims = cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID]

	if cfg.states.qualifiersCount &gt; 0 then
		-- do further processing if &quot;qualifier(s)&quot; command was given

		if #args - args.pointer + 1 &gt; cfg.states.qualifiersCount then
			-- claim ID or literal value has been given

			cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args)
		end

		for i = 1, cfg.states.qualifiersCount do
			-- check if given qualifier ID is an alias and add it
			cfg.qualifierIDs[parameters.qualifier..i] = replaceAlias(nextArg(args) or &quot;&quot;):upper()
		end
	elseif cfg.states[parameters.reference] then
		-- do further processing if &quot;reference(s)&quot; command was given

		cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args)
	end

	-- check for special property value 'somevalue' or 'novalue'
	if cfg.propertyValue then
		cfg.propertyValue = replaceSpecialChars(cfg.propertyValue)

		if cfg.propertyValue ~= &quot;&quot; and mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) == &quot;&quot; then
			cfg.propertyValue = &quot; &quot;  -- single space represents 'somevalue', whereas empty string represents 'novalue'
		else
			cfg.propertyValue = mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue)
		end
	end

	-- parse the desired format, or choose an appropriate format
	if args[&quot;format&quot;] then
		parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args[&quot;format&quot;])
	elseif cfg.states.qualifiersCount &gt; 0 then  -- &quot;qualifier(s)&quot; command given
		if cfg.states[parameters.property] then  -- &quot;propert(y|ies)&quot; command given
			parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.propertyWithQualifier)
		else
			parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.qualifier)
		end
	elseif cfg.states[parameters.property] then  -- &quot;propert(y|ies)&quot; command given
		parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.property)
	else  -- &quot;reference(s)&quot; command given
		parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.reference)
	end

	-- if a &quot;qualifier(s)&quot; command and no &quot;propert(y|ies)&quot; command has been given, make the movable separator a semicolon
	if cfg.states.qualifiersCount &gt; 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.property] then
		cfg.separators[&quot;sep&quot;..parameters.separator][1] = {&quot;;&quot;}
	end

	-- if only &quot;reference(s)&quot; has been given, set the default separator to none (except when raw)
	if cfg.states[parameters.reference] and not cfg.states[parameters.property] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 0
	   and not cfg.states[parameters.reference].rawValue then
		cfg.separators[&quot;sep&quot;][1] = nil
	end

	-- if exactly one &quot;qualifier(s)&quot; command has been given, make &quot;sep%q&quot; point to &quot;sep%q1&quot; to make them equivalent
	if cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 1 then
		cfg.separators[&quot;sep&quot;..parameters.qualifier] = cfg.separators[&quot;sep&quot;..parameters.qualifier..&quot;1&quot;]
	end

	-- process overridden separator values;
	-- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators
	cfg:processSeparators(args)

	-- define the hooks that should be called (getProperty, getQualifiers, getReferences);
	-- only define a hook if both its command (&quot;propert(y|ies)&quot;, &quot;reference(s)&quot;, &quot;qualifier(s)&quot;) and its parameter (&quot;%p&quot;, &quot;%r&quot;, &quot;%q1&quot;, &quot;%q2&quot;, &quot;%q3&quot;) have been given
	for i, v in pairs(cfg.states) do
		-- e.g. 'formatParams[&quot;%q1&quot;] or formatParams[&quot;%q&quot;]' to define hook even if &quot;%q1&quot; was not defined to be able to build a complete value for &quot;%q&quot;
		if formatParams[i] or formatParams[i:sub(1, 2)] then
			hooks[i] = getHookName(i, 1)
			hooks.count = hooks.count + 1
		end
	end

	-- the &quot;%q&quot; parameter is not attached to a state, but is a collection of the results of multiple states (attached to &quot;%q1&quot;, &quot;%q2&quot;, &quot;%q3&quot;, ...);
	-- so if this parameter is given then this hook must be defined separately, but only if at least one &quot;qualifier(s)&quot; command has been given
	if formatParams[parameters.qualifier] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount &gt; 0 then
		hooks[parameters.qualifier] = getHookName(parameters.qualifier, 1)
		hooks.count = hooks.count + 1
	end

	-- create a state for &quot;properties&quot; if it doesn't exist yet, which will be used as a base configuration for each claim iteration;
	-- must come AFTER defining the hooks
	if not cfg.states[parameters.property] then
		cfg.states[parameters.property] = State:new(cfg, parameters.property)

		-- if the &quot;single&quot; flag has been given then this state should be equivalent to &quot;property&quot; (singular)
		if cfg.singleClaim then
			cfg.states[parameters.property].singleValue = true
		end
	end

	-- if the &quot;sourced&quot; flag has been given then create a state for &quot;reference&quot; if it doesn't exist yet, using default values,
	-- which must exist in order to be able to determine if a claim has any references;
	-- must come AFTER defining the hooks
	if cfg.sourcedOnly and not cfg.states[parameters.reference] then
		cfg:processFlagOrCommand(p.claimCommands.reference)  -- use singular &quot;reference&quot; to minimize overhead
	end

	-- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark);
	-- must come AFTER creating the additonal states
	cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.states[parameters.property], parsedFormat)

	-- process qualifier matching values, analogous to cfg.propertyValue
	for i, v in pairs(args) do
		i = tostring(i)

		if i:match('^[Pp]%d+$') or aliasesP[i] then
			v = replaceSpecialChars(v)

			-- check for special qualifier value 'somevalue'
			if v ~= &quot;&quot; and mw.text.trim(v) == &quot;&quot; then
				v = &quot; &quot;  -- single space represents 'somevalue'
			end

			cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues[replaceAlias(i):upper()] = v
		end
	end

	-- first sort the claims on rank to pre-define the order of output (preferred first, then normal, then deprecated)
	claims = sortOnRank(claims)

	-- then iterate through the claims to collect values
	value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.states[parameters.property]:iterate(claims, hooks, State.claimMatches))  -- pass property state with level 1 hooks and matchHook

	-- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned values on Wikidata
	if cfg.editable and value ~= &quot;&quot; then
		value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon()
	end

	return value
end

local function generalCommand(args, funcName)
	local cfg = Config:new()
	cfg.curState = State:new(cfg)

	local lastArg
	local value = nil

	repeat
		lastArg = nextArg(args)
	until not cfg:processFlag(lastArg)

	-- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument
	cfg.entityID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], true)

	if cfg.entityID == &quot;&quot; or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(cfg.entityID) then
		return &quot;&quot;  -- we cannot continue without an entity
	end

	-- serve according to the given command
	if funcName == p.generalCommands.label then
		value = cfg:getLabel(cfg.entityID, cfg.curState.rawValue, cfg.curState.linked, cfg.curState.shortName)
	elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.title then
		cfg.inSitelinks = true

		if cfg.entityID:sub(1,1) == &quot;Q&quot; then
			value = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(cfg.entityID)
		end

		if cfg.curState.linked and value then
			value = buildWikilink(value)
		end
	elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.description then
		value = mw.wikibase.getDescription(cfg.entityID)
	else
		local parsedFormat, formatParams
		local hooks = {count = 0}

		cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID)

		if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.badge then
			cfg.curState.singleValue = true
		end

		if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.aliases then
			if not cfg.entity.aliases or not cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] then
				return &quot;&quot;  -- there is no use to continue without any aliasses
			end

			local aliases = cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode]

			-- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format
			if args[&quot;format&quot;] then
				parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args[&quot;format&quot;])
			else
				parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.alias)
			end

			-- process overridden separator values;
			-- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators
			cfg:processSeparators(args)

			-- define the hook that should be called (getAlias);
			-- only define the hook if the parameter (&quot;%a&quot;) has been given
			if formatParams[parameters.alias] then
				hooks[parameters.alias] = getHookName(parameters.alias, 1)
				hooks.count = hooks.count + 1
			end

			-- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark)
			cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat)

			-- iterate to collect values
			value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(aliases, hooks))
		elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.badge or funcName == p.generalCommands.badges then
			if not cfg.entity.sitelinks or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID] or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges then
				return &quot;&quot;  -- there is no use to continue without any badges
			end

			local badges = cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges

			cfg.inSitelinks = true

			-- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format
			if args[&quot;format&quot;] then
				parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args[&quot;format&quot;])
			else
				parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.badge)
			end

			-- process overridden separator values;
			-- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators
			cfg:processSeparators(args)

			-- define the hook that should be called (getBadge);
			-- only define the hook if the parameter (&quot;%b&quot;) has been given
			if formatParams[parameters.badge] then
				hooks[parameters.badge] = getHookName(parameters.badge, 1)
				hooks.count = hooks.count + 1
			end

			-- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark)
			cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat)

			-- iterate to collect values
			value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(badges, hooks))
		end
	end

	value = value or &quot;&quot;

	if cfg.editable and value ~= &quot;&quot; then
		-- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned value on Wikidata
		value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon()
	end

	return value
end

-- modules that include this module should call the functions with an underscore prepended, e.g.: p._property(args)
local function establishCommands(commandList, commandFunc)
	for _, commandName in pairs(commandList) do
		local function wikitextWrapper(frame)
			local args = copyTable(frame.args)
			args.pointer = 1
			loadI18n(aliasesP, frame)
			return commandFunc(args, commandName)
		end
		p[commandName] = wikitextWrapper

		local function luaWrapper(args)
			args = copyTable(args)
			args.pointer = 1
			loadI18n(aliasesP)
			return commandFunc(args, commandName)
		end
		p[&quot;_&quot; .. commandName] = luaWrapper
	end
end

establishCommands(p.claimCommands, claimCommand)
establishCommands(p.generalCommands, generalCommand)

-- main function that is supposed to be used by wrapper templates
function p.main(frame)
	local f, args

	loadI18n(aliasesP, frame)

	-- get the parent frame to take the arguments that were passed to the wrapper template
	frame = frame:getParent() or frame

	if not frame.args[1] then
		throwError(&quot;no-function-specified&quot;)
	end

	f = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1])

	if f == &quot;main&quot; then
		throwError(&quot;main-called-twice&quot;)
	end

	assert(p[&quot;_&quot;..f], errorText('no-such-function', f))

	-- copy arguments from immutable to mutable table
	args = copyTable(frame.args)

	-- remove the function name from the list
	table.remove(args, 1)

	return p[&quot;_&quot;..f](args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>d676bdka4cnkgqhgqc73ti65xl5mngq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Wd/i18n</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6261</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35412</id>
      <timestamp>2020-09-08T22:09:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- The values and functions in this submodule should be localized per wiki.  local p = {}  function p.init(aliasesP) 	p = { 		[&quot;errors&quot;] = { 			[&quot;unknown-data-type&quot;]...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35412</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="4183" sha1="h70ieb0uxswts38nevjbf8jjyt60l0l" xml:space="preserve">-- The values and functions in this submodule should be localized per wiki.

local p = {}

function p.init(aliasesP)
	p = {
		[&quot;errors&quot;] = {
			[&quot;unknown-data-type&quot;]          = &quot;Unknown or unsupported datatype '$1'.&quot;,
			[&quot;missing-required-parameter&quot;] = &quot;No required parameters defined, needing at least one&quot;,
			[&quot;extra-required-parameter&quot;]   = &quot;Parameter '$1' must be defined as optional&quot;,
			[&quot;no-function-specified&quot;]      = &quot;You must specify a function to call&quot;,  -- equal to the standard module error message
			[&quot;main-called-twice&quot;]          = 'The function &quot;main&quot; cannot be called twice',
			[&quot;no-such-function&quot;]           = 'The function &quot;$1&quot; does not exist'  -- equal to the standard module error message
		},
		[&quot;info&quot;] = {
			[&quot;edit-on-wikidata&quot;] = &quot;Edit this on Wikidata&quot;
		},
		[&quot;numeric&quot;] = {
			[&quot;decimal-mark&quot;] = &quot;.&quot;,
			[&quot;delimiter&quot;]    = &quot;,&quot;
		},
		[&quot;datetime&quot;] = {
			[&quot;prefixes&quot;] = {
				[&quot;decade-period&quot;] = &quot;&quot;
			},
			[&quot;suffixes&quot;] = {
				[&quot;decade-period&quot;] = &quot;s&quot;,
				[&quot;millennium&quot;]    = &quot; millennium&quot;,
				[&quot;century&quot;]       = &quot; century&quot;,
				[&quot;million-years&quot;] = &quot; million years&quot;,
				[&quot;billion-years&quot;] = &quot; billion years&quot;,
				[&quot;year&quot;]          = &quot; year&quot;,
				[&quot;years&quot;]         = &quot; years&quot;
			},
			[&quot;julian-calendar&quot;] = &quot;Julian calendar&quot;,  -- linked page title
			[&quot;julian&quot;]          = &quot;Julian&quot;,
			[&quot;BCE&quot;]             = &quot;BCE&quot;,
			[&quot;CE&quot;]              = &quot;CE&quot;,
			[&quot;common-era&quot;]      = &quot;Common Era&quot;  -- linked page title
		},
		[&quot;coord&quot;] = {
			[&quot;latitude-north&quot;] = &quot;N&quot;,
			[&quot;latitude-south&quot;] = &quot;S&quot;,
			[&quot;longitude-east&quot;] = &quot;E&quot;,
			[&quot;longitude-west&quot;] = &quot;W&quot;,
			[&quot;degrees&quot;]        = &quot;°&quot;,
			[&quot;minutes&quot;]        = &quot;'&quot;,
			[&quot;seconds&quot;]        = '&quot;',
			[&quot;separator&quot;]      = &quot;, &quot;
		},
		[&quot;values&quot;] = {
			[&quot;unknown&quot;] = &quot;unknown&quot;,
			[&quot;none&quot;]    = &quot;none&quot;
		},
		[&quot;cite&quot;] = {
			[&quot;version&quot;] = &quot;2&quot;,  -- increment this each time the below parameters are changed to avoid conflict errors
			[&quot;web&quot;] = {
				-- &lt;= left side: all allowed reference properties for *web page sources* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources
				-- =&gt; right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite web]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. &quot;&quot;)
				[aliasesP.statedIn]        = &quot;website&quot;,
				[aliasesP.referenceURL]    = &quot;url&quot;,
				[aliasesP.publicationDate] = &quot;date&quot;,
				[aliasesP.retrieved]       = &quot;access-date&quot;,
				[aliasesP.title]           = &quot;title&quot;,
				[aliasesP.archiveURL]      = &quot;archive-url&quot;,
				[aliasesP.archiveDate]     = &quot;archive-date&quot;,
				[aliasesP.language]        = &quot;language&quot;,
				[aliasesP.author]          = &quot;author&quot;,  -- existence of author1, author2, author3, etc. is assumed
				[aliasesP.publisher]       = &quot;publisher&quot;,
				[aliasesP.quote]           = &quot;quote&quot;,
				[aliasesP.pages]           = &quot;pages&quot;  -- extra option
			},
			[&quot;q&quot;] = {
				-- &lt;= left side: all allowed reference properties for *sources other than web pages* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources
				-- =&gt; right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite Q]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. &quot;&quot;)
				[aliasesP.statedIn]                = &quot;1&quot;,
				[aliasesP.pages]                   = &quot;pages&quot;,
				[aliasesP.column]                  = &quot;at&quot;,
				[aliasesP.chapter]                 = &quot;chapter&quot;,
				[aliasesP.sectionVerseOrParagraph] = &quot;section&quot;,
				[&quot;external-id&quot;]                    = &quot;id&quot;,  -- used for any type of database property ID
				[aliasesP.title]                   = &quot;title&quot;,
				[aliasesP.publicationDate]         = &quot;date&quot;,
				[aliasesP.retrieved]               = &quot;access-date&quot;
			}
		}
	}

	p.getOrdinalSuffix = function(num)
		if tostring(num):sub(-2,-2) == '1' then
			return &quot;th&quot;  -- 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, ... 19th
		end

		num = tostring(num):sub(-1)

		if num == '1' then
			return &quot;st&quot;
		elseif num == '2' then
			return &quot;nd&quot;
		elseif num == '3' then
			return &quot;rd&quot;
		else
			return &quot;th&quot;
		end
	end

	p.addDelimiters = function(n)
		local left, num, right = string.match(n, &quot;^([^%d]*%d)(%d*)(.-)$&quot;)

		if left and num and right then
			return left .. (num:reverse():gsub(&quot;(%d%d%d)&quot;, &quot;%1&quot; .. p['numeric']['delimiter']):reverse()) .. right
		else
			return n
		end
	end

	return p
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>h70ieb0uxswts38nevjbf8jjyt60l0l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Column-gap</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6262</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35413</id>
      <timestamp>2020-09-08T22:11:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;-moz-column-gap: {{{1|1em}}}; -webkit-column-gap: {{{1|1em}}}; column-gap: {{{1|1em}}};&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35413</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="156" sha1="kycn68kevrwh5qewonuw39gcazsd9ew" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;-moz-column-gap: {{{1|1em}}}; -webkit-column-gap: {{{1|1em}}}; column-gap: {{{1|1em}}};&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kycn68kevrwh5qewonuw39gcazsd9ew</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Column-width</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6263</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35414</id>
      <timestamp>2020-09-08T22:11:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;-moz-column-width: {{{1|30em}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{1|30em}}}; column-width: {{{1|30em}}};&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35414</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="165" sha1="sum88q311kc02222mb4cgzbikcx7fqy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;-moz-column-width: {{{1|30em}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{1|30em}}}; column-width: {{{1|30em}}};&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sum88q311kc02222mb4cgzbikcx7fqy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gravelotte</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6264</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36667</id>
      <parentid>35418</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T22:59:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36667</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="522" sha1="7t5bdojlb6ox4i5smgks2cp7iok448c" xml:space="preserve">'''Gravelotte''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 69 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963013 |title = Main Place Gravelotte |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>7t5bdojlb6ox4i5smgks2cp7iok448c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lulekani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6265</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36672</id>
      <parentid>35426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T23:04:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36672</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="523" sha1="djbr8xk34qr3tk8cex2igxipfd5qjd7" xml:space="preserve">'''Lulekani''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 115 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/9630080001 |title = Sub Place Lulekani |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>djbr8xk34qr3tk8cex2igxipfd5qjd7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Namakgale</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6266</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36673</id>
      <parentid>35425</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T23:05:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36673</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="521" sha1="4f2ema50dwzuqjdmea1n0qouutqyhql" xml:space="preserve">'''Namakgale''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 96 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963011 |title = Main Place Namakgale |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>4f2ema50dwzuqjdmea1n0qouutqyhql</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Murchison, Limpopo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6267</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36674</id>
      <parentid>35421</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T23:06:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36674</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="521" sha1="5yxnc7bvzrk4lqikkw7f1d8pbjflz5n" xml:space="preserve">'''Murchison''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 75 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963009 |title = Main Place Murchison |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>5yxnc7bvzrk4lqikkw7f1d8pbjflz5n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ga-Mashishimale</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6268</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36671</id>
      <parentid>35427</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T23:03:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36671</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="534" sha1="ho2z1wdf0gbphraw4zvxlpw325u6d2l" xml:space="preserve">'''Ga-Mashishimale''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 108 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963014 |title = Main Place Ga-Mashishimale |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>ho2z1wdf0gbphraw4zvxlpw325u6d2l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Phalaborwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6269</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36666</id>
      <parentid>35428</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-06T22:58:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="502" sha1="cnvl6mggytwkpuhiry58psse7kcjs1b" xml:space="preserve">'''Phalaborwa''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 108 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963007 |title = Main Place Phalaborwa |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}

[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>cnvl6mggytwkpuhiry58psse7kcjs1b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Leydsdorp</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6271</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37158</id>
      <parentid>36675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-03-04T07:13:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Farhan Okarvi</username>
        <id>9409</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37158</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="531" sha1="0dnnqo7rxjx1158dyji2jajnp8u7hcl" xml:space="preserve">'''Leydsdorp''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 90 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963017 |title = Main Place Leydsdorp |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}{{Commons}}{{Mopani District Municipality}}

[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>0dnnqo7rxjx1158dyji2jajnp8u7hcl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Humulani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6272</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36688</id>
      <parentid>36679</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-09T12:54:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36688</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="520" sha1="8j40ndfgcnxfxcoop7fd1hu78kg45q1" xml:space="preserve">'''Humulani''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 96 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963008002 |title = Sub Place Humulani |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>8j40ndfgcnxfxcoop7fd1hu78kg45q1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ga-Selwana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6273</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36685</id>
      <parentid>36670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-09T12:44:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>correction</comment>
      <origin>36685</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="523" sha1="q2sdkpmf64xmmr3h6tcrpo1gsgmxjx5" xml:space="preserve">'''Ga-Selwana''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 93 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963003 |title = Main Place Ga-Selwana |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>q2sdkpmf64xmmr3h6tcrpo1gsgmxjx5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ga-Makhushane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6274</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36687</id>
      <parentid>36669</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-09T12:52:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36687</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="529" sha1="lydtuen9z6j7fxi00g69jcb085p8tem" xml:space="preserve">'''Ga-Makhushane''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 96 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963012 |title = Main Place Ga-Makhushane |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>lydtuen9z6j7fxi00g69jcb085p8tem</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ben Farm</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6275</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36686</id>
      <parentid>36668</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-09T12:51:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aliwal2012</username>
        <id>3247</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36686</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="520" sha1="5t4biz3ye6uczdavg5tz99xyyihtchz" xml:space="preserve">'''Ben Farm''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 96 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963010 |title = Main Place Ben Farm |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}

[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>5t4biz3ye6uczdavg5tz99xyyihtchz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nxaxamelo wa vanhu lava dlaweke hi Khorona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41566</id>
      <parentid>41532</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T00:22:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="410241" sha1="6q0t5i4yx21ob095ehfxlriss70201f" xml:space="preserve">Lowu i nxaxamelo wa vanhu lava tivekaka lava loveke endhzaku ko suleleka hi vuvabyi bya Khorona. 

== Nxaxamelo wa mafu hi lembe ra 2020 ==
&lt;!-- There have been several discussions at the talk page about splitting this table, none of which have gained consensus.  Please do not try to split it without getting consensus first.  It will take a lot more work for you than the one click it will take for someone else to revert it as existing consensus demands. --&gt;
{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;width:auto;&quot;
|-
| &lt;div class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;padding:0 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#January 2020|Sunguti]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#February 2020|Nyenyenyani]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#March 2020|Nyenyankulu]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#April 2020|Ndzivamusoko]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#May 2020|Mudyaxihi]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#June 2020|Khotavuxika]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#July 2020|Mawuwani]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#August 2020|Mhawuri]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#September 2020|Ndzhati]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;!-- &lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#October 2020|October]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#November 2020|November]]}}&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{nowrap|[[#December 2020|December]]}}&lt;/li&gt; --&gt;
|}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;
|- valign=bottom
! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Siku
! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Vito
! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Malembe
! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Ntirho
! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Tiko
! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;5%&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|- id=&quot;January 2020&quot;
| {{Date table sorting|2020-01-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Liang Wudong]]
|{{age|1959|3|1|2020|1|25}}
| Doctor of [[otorhinolaryngology]] (first death due to [[hospital-acquired infection]])
| China ([[Wuhan]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |script-title=zh:武汉医院告急 第 – 名医生殉职 中国军医团抵达增援 |url=http://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/20200125-%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E5%91%8A%E6%80%A5-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%90%8D%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%89%E8%81%8C-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B%E5%8C%BB%E5%9B%A2%E6%8A%B5%E8%BE%BE%E5%A2%9E%E6%8F%B4 |date=25 January 2020 |language=zh |title=Wuhan Hospital Announced First Doctor to Die, Chinese Military Medical Corps Arrives to Reinforce |first=Li |last=Gu |publisher=[[Radio France Internationale]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-01-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Wang Xianliang]]
|{{age|1957|5|1|2020|1|26}}
| Director of the Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission of Wuhan (2012–2017)
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author1=覃建行 |script-title=zh:武汉市民宗委原主任王献良因感染新型冠状病毒去世 |url=http://china.caixin.com/2020-01-26/101508637.html |work=[[Caixin]] |date=26 January 2020 |language=zh |title=Wang Xianliang, former director of the Wuhan Citizens' Committee, died of infection with a new coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-01-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Yang Xiaobo (politician, born 1963)|Yang Xiaobo]]
|{{age|1963|1|1|2020|1|26}}
| Mayor of [[Huangshi]] (2009–2014) and delegate to the [[National People's Congress]] (2013–2018)
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/cn/中国/20200128-武汉肺炎-黄石前市长重症病毒死亡 |script-title=zh:武汉肺炎 武汉任职 – 前市长重症病毒死亡 |last=Xiao Shan 小山 |date=28 January 2020 |website=[[Radio France International]] |language=zh-Hans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129013029/http://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/20200128-%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E-%E9%BB%84%E7%9F%B3%E5%89%8D%E5%B8%82%E9%95%BF%E9%87%8D%E7%97%87%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1 |archive-date=29 January 2020 |access-date=29 January 2020 |title=Wuhan Pneumonia, the mayor of Wuhan, died of severe virus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|- id=&quot;February 2020&quot;
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Qiu Jun (bodybuilder)|Qiu Jun]]
| 72
| Bodybuilder
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |script-title=zh:在人间丨武汉七旬健美冠军，没能度过这个冬天 |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/JNyKUZkWuCdtbu9VF--EHg |work=[[Weixin QQ]] |language=zh |date=8 February 2020 |title=Wuhan seventy-year bodybuilding champion, failed to spend this winter}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Hong Ling (geneticist)|Hong Ling]]
|{{age|1966|11|27|2020|2|7}}
| Professor of [[genetics]] at [[Huazhong University of Science and Technology]]
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |script-title=zh:华科教授红凌因新冠肺炎逝世 同事:他4天前才发病 |url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/wevideo/2020/02/08/686466.html |date=8 February 2020 |publisher=[[The Beijing News]] |language=zh |title=Professor Hua Ling, Hong Ling, died of new crown pneumonia Colleague: He only got sick 4 days ago |last=Lei |first=Yanchao}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Li Wenliang]]
|{{age|1986|10|12|2020|2|7}}
|Doctor of [[ophthalmology]] at [[Central Hospital of Wuhan]] (whistleblower of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan)
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3049411/coronavirus-li-wenliang-doctor-who-alerted-authorities-outbreak |newspaper=[[South China Morning Post]] |title=Coronavirus: Whistleblower Dr Li Wenliang confirmed dead of the disease at 34, after hours of chaotic messaging from hospital |date=7 February 2020 |accessdate=7 February 2020 |last=Zhou |first=Cissy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207003045/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3049411/coronavirus-li-wenliang-doctor-who-alerted-authorities-outbreak |archive-date=7 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Lin Zhengbin]]
|{{age|1957|7|6|2020|2|10}}
|Doctor of [[organ transplantation]]
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |script-title=zh:移植专家林正斌离世：院方称尚不知如何染病，家人也被感染正治疗 |url=http://news.ifeng.com/c/7tydEbuh9p0 |date=11 February 2020 |publisher=[[Phoenix Television]] |language=zh |title=Transplant expert Lin Zhengbin passed away: the hospital said that he did not know how to contract the disease, and his family was also being treated}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Liu Shouxiang]]
| 61
| Professor of watercolor painting at [[Hubei Institute of Fine Arts]]
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |script-title=zh:中国水彩画大师 刘寿祥不敌武汉肺炎 |url=https://www.chinapress.com.my/20200213/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%B4%E5%BD%A9%E7%94%BB%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%88-%E5%88%98%E5%AF%BF%E7%A5%A5%E4%B8%8D%E6%95%8C%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E/ |script-work=zh:中國報 |language=zh-my |title=Chinese watercolor master Liu Shouxiang lost to Wuhan pneumonia |date=13 February 2020 |newspaper=[[China Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Death of Liu Fan|Liu Fan]]
| 59
| Deputy chief nurse of Wuchang Hospital
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://news.163.com/20/0216/21/F5HP57P00001899O.html|script-title=zh:武昌医院一护士因新冠肺炎去世 生前护理技术过硬 |last=李英强 |date=16 February 2020 |work=[[The Beijing News]] |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218042952/https://news.163.com/20/0216/21/F5HP57P00001899O.html |archive-date=18 February 2020 |access-date= |title=A nurse in Wuchang Hospital died of new coronary pneumonia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Duan Zhengcheng]]
|{{age|1934|06|15|2020|2|15}}
| Professor of industrial engineering at Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Academian of the [[Chinese Academy of Engineering]]
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |editor1=Li Yuan ({{lang|zh|李苑}}) |url=http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2020/2/435790.shtm |script-title=zh:段氏伽马刀发明人段正澄院士去世 |work=sciencenet.cn |date=15 February 2020 |accessdate=16 February 2020 |language=zh |title=Academician Duan Zhengcheng, inventor of Duan's gamma knife, dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Ke Huibing]]
|{{age|1979|02|05|2020|02|19}}
| Professor of management science at Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| China (Wuhan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://hk.appledaily.com/china/20200220/AYE2C4SGU6DO7VNF7ARUT64HYU/ |script-title=zh:【武漢肺炎】華中科技大學半月內5教授離世 41歲柯卉兵肺部感染亡 |newspaper=[[Apple Daily]] |date=20 February 2020 |language=zh |title=(Wuhan Pneumonia) 5 professors died in half a month at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 41-year-old Ke Huibing died of lung infection |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803091411/https://hk.appledaily.com/china/20200220/AYE2C4SGU6DO7VNF7ARUT64HYU/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Khosroshahi, Hadi}}[[Hadi Khosroshahi]]
| 81
| Iranian ambassador to the Vatican (1981–1986)
| Iran ([[Tehran]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran's ex-ambassador to Vatican dies of coronavirus |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200227-irans-ex-ambassador-to-vatican-dies-of-coronavirus/ |work=[[Middle East Monitor]] |date=27 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-02-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Langroudi, Reza Mohammadi}}[[Mohammad Ali Ramazani Dastak]]
|{{age|1963|4|23|2020|2|29}}
| Member of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] (2020)
| Iran ([[Rasht]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Fazeli&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/03/07/Two-Iranian-religious-figures-latest-to-die-of-coronavirus-in-Iran.html |title=Two Iranian religious figures latest to die of coronavirus in Iran |date=7 March 2020 |website=[[Al Arabiya English]] |first=Yaghoub |last=Fazeli |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-date=9 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309001238/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/03/07/Two-Iranian-religious-figures-latest-to-die-of-coronavirus-in-Iran.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|- id=&quot;March 2020&quot;
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mirmohammadi, Mohammad}}[[Mohammad Mirmohammadi]]
| 71
| Member of the [[Expediency Discernment Council]] and [[Vice President of Iran]] (1994–1998)
| Iran (Tehran)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bostock |first=Bill |title=A member of the inner circle of Iran's Supreme Leader died of the coronavirus, as the country records more deaths than anywhere outside China |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/iran-supreme-leader-khamenei-inner-circle-first-death-coronavirus-2020-3 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=3 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sheikholeslam, Hossein}}[[Hossein Sheikholeslam]]
|{{age|1952|11|29|2020|3|5}}
| Member of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] (2004–2008) and Iranian Ambassador to Syria (1998–2003)
| Iran (Tehran)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=6 March 2020 |title=Former Hostage Taker Of US Diplomats Dies Of Coronavirus In Iran |url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/former-hostage-taker-of-us-diplomats-dies-of-coronavirus-in-iran/30470975.html|work=[[Radio Farda]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319162822/https://en.radiofarda.com/a/former-hostage-taker-of-us-diplomats-dies-of-coronavirus-in-iran/30470975.html |archive-date=19 March 2020 |access-date=31 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Langroudi, Reza Mohammadi}}[[Reza Mohammadi Langroudi]]
|{{age|1928|8|3|2020|3|7}}
|[[Ayatollah]]
| Iran ([[Langarud]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Fazeli&quot;/&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rahbar, Fatemeh}}[[Fatemeh Rahbar]]
| 55&lt;!-- Born in 1964 --&gt;
| Member of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] (2004–2016 &amp; since 2020)
| Iran (Tehran)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=7 March 2020 |title=Newly-Elected Female Politician Dies of Coronavirus in Iran |url=https://ifpnews.com/newly-elected-female-politician-dies-of-coronavirus-in-iran|work=Iran Front Page |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320132321/https://ifpnews.com/newly-elected-female-politician-dies-of-coronavirus-in-iran |archive-date=20 March 2020 |access-date=1 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|De Zan, Italo}}[[Italo De Zan]]
|{{age|1925|7|1|2020|3|9}}
| Cyclist
| Italy ([[Treviso]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.ilmattino.it/primopiano/cronaca/coronavirus_veneto_treviso_news_italo_de_zan_morto-5104942.html |title=Coronavirus a Treviso, morto Italo De Zan: l'ex campione di ciclismo amico di Coppi e Bartali |newspaper=[[Il Mattino]] |date=11 March 2020 |accessdate=11 March 2020 |language=it |title=Coronavirus in Treviso, Italo De Zan died: the former cycling champion friend of Coppi and Bartali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Lee Cha-su]]
|{{age|1957|6|6|2020|3|9}}
| Chairman of [[Buk District, Daegu|Buk District Council]]
| South Korea ([[Daegu]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200310104400053 |script-title=ko:이차수 전 대구 북구의장 코로나19 사망 소식에 보건당국 비상 |agency=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|publisher=yna.co.kr/ |date=10 March 2020 |language=ko-kr |title=Health authorities emerged after news of the death of Corona 19, former chairman of the Daegu Buk-gu |first=Kim |last=Sun-hyung }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rahchamani, Mohammad-Reza}}[[Mohammad-Reza Rahchamani]]
|{{age|1952|12|1|2020|3|9}}
| Head of [[:fa:سازمان بهزیستی ایران|State Welfare Organization]] (2001–2005) and Member of [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] (1984–2000)
| Iran (Tehran)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Iranian MP dies of coronavirus |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/445916/Former-Iranian-MP-dies-of-coronavirus |date=9 March 2020 |accessdate=9 March 2020 |work=[[Tehran Times]] |archive-date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310050701/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/445916/Former-Iranian-MP-dies-of-coronavirus |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kiavash, Mohammad}}[[Mohammad Kiavash]]
| 89
| Member of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] (1980–1988)
| Iran (Tehran)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://avatoday.net/node/9121 |title=Latest updates on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, March 15 |date=16 March 2020 |work=Ava Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Peralta, Marcelo}}[[Marcelo Peralta]]
|{{age|1961|3|5|2020|3|10}}
| Argentine-born saxophonist
| Spain ([[Madrid]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/sociedad/el-saxofonista-argentino-marcelo-peralta-murio-por-coronavirus-en-madrid.phtml |title=El saxofonista argentino Marcelo Peralta murió por coronavirus en Madrid |newspaper=[[Perfil]] |date=10 March 2020 |accessdate=10 March 2020 |language=es |title=Argentine saxophonist Marcelo Peralta died of a coronavirus in Madrid}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Stella, Roberto}}[[Roberto Stella]]
|{{age|1952|7|22|2020|3|11}}
| Physician
| Italy ([[Como]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Povoledo|first=Elisabetta|date=31 March 2020|title=Roberto Stella, Regional Doctor with a National Presence, Dies at 67|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/31/obituaries/roberto-stella-dead-coronavirus.html|access-date=10 May 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rabino, Giovanni Battista}}[[Giovanni Battista Rabino]]
|{{age|1931|12|5|2020|3|12}}
| Member of the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]] (1992–1994) and member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1983–1992)
| Italy ([[Asti]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.lastampa.it/asti/2020/03/12/news/morto-per-il-coronavirus-l-ex-parlamentare-coldiretti-gianni-rabino-1.38584949|title=Morto per il coronavirus l'ex parlamentare Coldiretti Gianni Rabino|date=12 March 2020|newspaper=[[La Stampa]]|title=Former Coldiretti MP Gianni Rabino died of the coronavirus|first=Franco|last=Binello}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Shabani, Nasser}}[[Nasser Shabani]]
| 62
| General and senior commander of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
| Iran
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/03/13/Senior-Iranian-IRGC-commander-dies-of-coronavirus-.html |title=Senior Iranian IRGC commander dies of coronavirus |date=13 March 2020 |accessdate=13 March 2020 |publisher=[[Al Arabiya English]] |first=Yaghoub |last=Fazeli}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Schlesinger, Piero}}[[Piero Schlesinger]]
|{{age|1930|5|19|2020|3|14}}
| President of the Banca Popolare di Milano (1971–1993)
| Italy ([[Milan]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/03/16/news/coronavirus_piero_schlesinger_milano-251444431/|title=Coronavirus, morto Piero Schlesinger. La Cattolica: &quot;Addio maestro, sei stato un modello&quot;|newspaper=[[La Repubblica]]|date=16 March 2020|language=it|access-date=19 March 2020|title=Coronavirus, Piero Schlesinger dead. La Cattolica: &quot;Goodbye master, you were a model&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gregotti, Vittorio}}[[Vittorio Gregotti]]
|{{age|1927|8|10|2020|3|15}}
| Architect
| Italy (Milan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: morto Vittorio Gregotti, maestro dell'architettura del Novecento |url=https://www.corriere.it/cultura/20_marzo_15/morto-vittorio-gregotti-maestro-dell-architettura-novecento-ba9468ca-6699-11ea-a26c-9a66211caeee.shtml |accessdate=15 March 2020 |newspaper=[[Corriere della Sera]] |date=15 March 2020 |language=it |title=Coronavirus: Vittorio Gregotti, master of twentieth century architecture, died}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Yalman, Aytac}}[[Aytaç Yalman]]
|{{age|1940|7|29|2020|3|15}}
| [[List of Commanders of the Turkish Land Forces|Commander of the Turkish Army]] (2002–2004) and [[List of General Commanders of the Gendarmerie of Turkey|General Commander of the Gendarmerie of Turkey]] (2000–2002)
| Turkey ([[Istanbul]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntv.com.tr//turkiye/aytac-yalmanin-corona-virus-nedeniyle-oldugu-kanaati-olusmustur-bashekimlik-acikladi,_0CqXn7vuUGEvsNACdBPSA|title='Aytaç Yalman'ın corona virüs nedeniyle öldüğü kanaati oluşmuştur' (Başhekimlik açıkladı)|work=[[NTV (Turkish TV channel)]]|title='There is a conviction that Aytac Yalman died because of corona virus' (Chief Physician explained) | language = tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Alfonsi, Nicolas}}[[Nicolas Alfonsi]]
|{{age|1936|4|13|2020|3|16}}
| Member of the [[Senate (France)|Senate]] (2001–2014) and deputy of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] (1973–1978 &amp; 1981–1988)
| France ([[Ajaccio]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Galland |first1=Marion |title=Nicolas Alfonsi est décédé |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/politique/nicolas-alfonsi-est-decede-1584378281 |accessdate=16 March 2020 |work=[[France Bleu]] |date=16 March 2020 |language=fr|title=Nicolas Alfonsi has died}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bassi, Sergio}}[[Sergio Bassi]]
| 69
| Folk singer-songwriter
| Italy ([[Crema, Lombardy|Crema]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=L'addio a Bassi, il menestrello della Bassa che cantava il Po |url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/milano/laddio-bassi-menestrello-bassa-che-cantava-po-1842492.html |date= 17 March 2020 |language=it |newspaper=[[Il Giornale]] |title=Farewell to Bassi, the minstrel of the Bassa who sang the Po |first=Luca |last=Pavanel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bathaie Golpayegani, Hashem}}[[Hashem Bathaie Golpayegani]]
| {{age in years|1941|2020}}
|[[Assembly of Experts|Member of the Assembly of Experts]] (since 2016)
| Iran ([[Qom]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/blog/2020-03-16-coronavirus-news-n1160106/ncrd1160206#blogHeader |title=Another prominent political figure dies of coronavirus in Iran: state media |first=Ali |last=Arouzi |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=16 March 2020 |accessdate=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pavone, Francesco Saverio}}[[Francesco Saverio Pavone]]
|{{age|1944|3|25|2020|3|16}}
| Magistrate
| Italy ([[Venice]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/italia/coronavirus_francesco_saverio_pavone_morto_magistrato_mala_del_brenta_ultime_notizie-5114903.html|title=Coronavirus, morto Francesco Saverio Pavone, l'ex Procuratore che smantellò la Mala del Brenta|newspaper=[[Il Messaggero]]|title=Coronavirus, Francesco Saverio Pavone, the former Prosecutor who dismantled the Mala del Brenta, died|date=16 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Raisdana, Fariborz}}[[Fariborz Raisdana]]
| {{age|1945|01|19|2020|03|16}}
| Economist
| Iran (Tehran)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |script-title=fa:فریبرز رئیس دانا، اقتصاددان، بر اثر ابتلا به کرونا درگذشت |url=https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/718963/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA |website=Asr Iran |accessdate=16 March 2020 |language=fa |title=Economist Fariborz Dana has died of coronavirus |date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317020204/https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/718963/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Schwartz, Stephen}}[[Stephen Schwartz (pathologist)|Stephen Schwartz]]
|{{age|1942|1|1|2020|3|17}}
|Professor of pathology at [[University of Washington]]
| United States ([[Seattle]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/education/uw-pathologist-stephen-schwartz-78-dies-after-covid-19-hospitalization/|title=UW pathologist Stephen Schwartz, 78, dies after COVID-19 hospitalization|date=18 March 2020|newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]]|first=Katherine|last=Long}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Compaoré, Rose Marie}}[[Rose Marie Compaoré]]
|{{age|1958|11|13|2020|3|18}}
| Second vice president of the [[National Assembly of Burkina Faso]] (since 2015)
| Burkina Faso ([[Ouagadougou]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;france24&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Burkina Faso reports Sub-Saharan Africa's first coronavirus death as WHO warns 'prepare for worst' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200319-burkina-faso-sub-saharan-africa-coronavirus-covid19-death-who-tedros-adhanom-ghebreyesus |publisher=[[France 24]] |date=19 March 2020 |accessdate=1 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330214044/https://www.france24.com/en/20200319-burkina-faso-sub-saharan-africa-coronavirus-covid19-death-who-tedros-adhanom-ghebreyesus |archivedate=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Federici, Luciano}}[[Luciano Federici]]
|{{age|1938|05|16|2020|3|18}}
| Footballer
| Italy ([[Carrara]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |newspaper=[[Il Tirreno]] |title=Coronavirus, altri 27 casi positivi in provincia di Massa-Carrara. E c'è un decesso |url=https://iltirreno.gelocal.it/massa/2020/03/18/news/coronavirus-altri-27-casi-positivi-in-provincia-di-massa-carrara-e-c-e-un-decesso-1.38609048 |accessdate=21 March 2020 |date=18 March 2020 |language=it |title=Coronavirus, another 27 positive cases in the province of Massa-Carrara. And there is a death}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Richelet, Henri}}[[Henri Richelet]]
| 75
| Painter
| France ([[Paris]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.vosgesmatin.fr/edition-la-plaine/2020/03/26/hommage-a-henri-richelet-peintre-du-temps-qui-passe|title=Hommage à Henri Richelet, peintre du temps qui passe |work=Vosges Matin |date=26 March 2020 |accessdate=27 March 2020 |language=fr |title=Homage to Henri Richelet, painter of passing time}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Donina, Innocenzo}}[[Innocenzo Donina]]
|{{age|1950|8|16|2020|3|19}}
| Footballer
| Italy ([[Bergamo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Coronavirus, muore l'ex Bari Innocenzo Donina |url=https://www.bariviva.it/sport/coronavirus-muore-l-ex-bari-innocenzo-donina/ |work=Bari Viva |date=20 March 2020 |language=it |title=Coronavirus, the former Bari Innocenzo Donina dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kahram, Hamid}}[[Hamid Kahram]]
| {{age in years|1958|2020}}
| Member of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] (2000–2004)
| Iran (Tehran)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Former Iran MP Hamid Kahram dies from coronavirus |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/03/20/Former-Iran-MP-Hamid-Kahram-dies-from-coronavirus.html |work=[[Al Arabiya English]] |date=20 March 2020 |first=Yaghoub |last=Fazeli}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mabele, Aurlus}}[[Aurlus Mabélé]]
|{{age|1953|10|26|2020|3|19}}
| Musician and composer originally from the [[Republic of the Congo]]
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/latest-news/covid-19congolese-music-legend-aurlus-mabele-dies |title=COVID-19:Congolese music legend Aurlus Mabele dies |newspaper=[[The New Times (Rwanda)]] |date=20 March 2020 |first=Eddie |last=Nsabimana |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321135807/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/latest-news/covid-19congolese-music-legend-aurlus-mabele-dies |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Stanca, Antonio Michele}}[[Antonio Michele Stanca]]
|{{age|1942|5|22|2020|3|19}}
| Geneticist
| Italy ([[Fidenza]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/italia/coronavirus_morto_michele_stanca_scienziato_georgofili_news-5122514.html|title=Coronavirus, morto Michele Stanca: genetista e vicepresidente dei Georgofili|newspaper=[[Il Messaggero]]|language=it|title=Coronavirus, died Michele Stanca: geneticist and vice-president of Georgofili|date=20 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Knudsen, Hans}}[[Hans Knudsen]]
|{{age|1944|8|11|2020|3|19}}
| Sprint canoer competed in two Summer Olympics
| Denmark ([[Roskilde]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://politiken.dk/indland/art7727073/Et-levet-liv-er-v%C3%A6rd-at-d%C3%B8-for |title=Hans-Wiggo Knudsen blev 75 år: Et levet liv er værd at dø for |website=Politiken |language=Danish |date=31 March 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Falco, Carlos}}[[Carlos Falcó, 5th Marquess of Griñón]]
|{{age|1937|2|3|2020|3|1}}
|[[Grandee#Spain|Grandee of Spain]], businessman and socialite
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.es/estilo/gente/abci-muere-carlos-falco-marques-grinon-83-anos-202003201839_noticia.html |title=Muere Carlos Falcó, marqués de Griñón, a los 83 años por coronavirus |newspaper=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]] |date=20 March 2020 |language=es |title=Carlos Falcó, Marquis of Griñón, dies at 83 from coronavirus |first=Angie |last=Calero}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Quaresimin, Marino}}[[Marino Quaresimin]]
|{{age|1937|11|22|2020|3|20}}
| [[Mayor of Vicenza]] (1995–1998)
| Italy ([[Vicenza]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ilgiornaledivicenza.it/territori/vicenza/coronavirus-morto-l-ex-sindaco-marino-quaresimin-1.8001028|title=Coronavirus, morto l'ex sindaco Marino Quaresimin|newspaper=Il Giornale di Vicenza|publisher=Società Athesis|language=it|title=Coronavirus, former Mayor Marino Quaresimin dead|date=20 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Stramare, Tarcisio}}[[Tarcisio Stramare]]
|{{age|1928|9|14|2020|3|20}}
| Roman Catholic priest
| Italy ([[Imperia]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.africarivista.it/italia-il-covid-19-non-risparmia-i-missionari/156081/|title=Italia &amp;#124; Il Covid-19 non risparmia i missionari &amp;#124; AFRICA|first=di Enrico|last=Casale|date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Aucouturier, Marguerite}}[[Marguerite Aucouturier]]
|{{age|1932|7|7|2020|3|21}}
| Psychoanalyst
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Roudinesco |first=Elisabeth |title=La mort de la psychanalyste Marguerite Derrida |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |date=25 March 2020 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2020/03/25/la-mort-de-la-psychanalyste-marguerite-derrida_6034390_3382.html |access-date=26 March 2020 |title=The death of psychoanalyst Marguerite Derrida |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Baviera, Aileen}}[[Aileen Baviera]]
|{{age|1959|8|20|2020|3|21}}
|[[Political science|Political scientist]] and [[sinology|sinologist]]
| Philippines ([[Manila]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url= https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/730685/former-dean-of-up-asian-center-dies-due-to-pneumonia-covid-19/story/|title=Former dean of UP Asian Center dies due to pneumonia, COVID-19|date=21 March 2020|work=[[GMA Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Capdevila, Vicenc}}[[Vicenç Capdevila]]
|{{age|1936|10|28|2020|3|21}}
| Member of the [[Congress of Deputies]] (1977–1979) and member of the [[Parliament of Catalonia]] (1980–1984)
| Spain ([[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/mor-per-coronavirus-vicenc-capdevila-exalcalde-de-lhospitalet-de-llobregat/noticia/2998966/|title=Mor per coronavirus Vicenç Capdevila, exalcalde de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat|date=22 March 2020|work=[[Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals]]|language=ca|title=Vicenç Capdevila, former mayor of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, dies of coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Oudin, Jacques}}[[Jacques Oudin]]
|{{age|1939|10|7|2021|3|20}}
| Member of the [[Senate (France)|Senate]] (1986–2004)
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/vendee/noirmoutier-jacques-oudin-est-decede-6788121|title=Noirmoutier. Jacques Oudin est décédé|last=Sartoux|first=Élodie|date=21 March 2020|newspaper=[[Ouest-France]]|language=fr|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=22 March 2020|title=Noirmoutier. Jacques Oudin has died}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Razafindranazy, Jean Jacques}}[[Jean-Jacques Razafindranazy]]
| 68
| Doctor of pediatrics
| France ([[Lille]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/coronavirus-deces-jean-jacques-razafindranazy-premier-medecin-victime-epidemie-france-814958.html|title=Coronavirus : décès de Jean-Jacques Razafindranazy , le premier médecin victime de l'épidémie en France|date=22 March 2020|work=[[La Première (French TV network)]]|language=fr|title=Coronavirus: death of Jean-Jacques Razafindranazy, the first doctor victim of the epidemic in France|first=Cécile|last=Baquey}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sanz, Lorenzo}}[[Lorenzo Sanz]]
|{{age|1943|8|9|2020|3|21}}
| President of [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] (1995–2000)
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51991851|title=Lorenzo Sanz: Former Real Madrid president dies after contracting coronavirus|date=21 March 2020|work=[[BBC Sports]]|access-date=21 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Stern, William}}[[William Stern (businessman)|William Stern]]
|{{age|1935|07|02|2020|3|21}}
| Hungarian-born businessman and survivor of the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]]
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/devastating-vicar-and-headteacher-among-latest-named-uk-coronavirus-victims |title='Devastating': vicar and headteacher among latest UK coronavirus victims |date=23 March 2020 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |first=Matthew |last=Weaver}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-22|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Colon, Germa}}[[Germà Colón]]
|{{age|1928|11|30|2020|3|22}}
|[[Philology|Philologist]]
| Spain ([[Barcelona]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=S'ha mort el lingüista Germà Colón, víctima de la Covid-19 |url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/sha-mort-el-linguista-germa-colon-victima-de-la-covid-19/ |website=[[VilaWeb]] |accessdate=22 March 2020 |language=ca |title=The linguist Germán Colón has died, a victim of Covid-1 |date=22 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-22|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Joanet, Benito}}[[Benito Joanet]]
|{{age|1935|09|16|2020|3|22}}
| Footballer and coach
| Spain ([[Alicante]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/rcd-espanyol/20200323/4844560948/espanyol-benito-joanet-coronavirus.html|title=Fallece Benito Joanet, víctima del coronavirus|date=23 March 2020|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]] |title=Benito Joanet, victim of the coronavirus, dies |language=es |first=Jaume |last=Miserachs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-22|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Loizaga Viguri, Jose Maria}}[[José María Loizaga Viguri]]
|{{age|1936|5|9|2020|3|22}}
| Businessman
| Spain ([[Ciudad Real]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere el vicepresidente de ACS José María Loizaga por el coronavirus |url=https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2020/03/22/companias/1584901839_325405.html|date=22 March 2020 |accessdate=23 March 2020 |newspaper=[[Cinco Días]] |location=Madrid |title=ACS Vice President José María Loizaga dies from the coronavirus |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-22|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Longo, Mike}}[[Mike Longo]]
|{{age|1937|03|19|2020|3|22}}
| Jazz pianist
| United States ([[New York City]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wbgo.org/post/mike-longo-prominent-jazz-pianist-known-his-tenure-dizzy-gillespie-dies-83|title=Mike Longo, Prominent Jazz Pianist Known For His Tenure with Dizzy Gillespie, Dies at 83|first=Nate|last=Chinen|publisher=[[WBGO]] |date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Berger, Maurice}}[[Maurice Berger]]
|{{age|1956|05|22|2020|3|23}}
| Chief curator of the [[Center for Art, Design and Visual Culture]]
| United States ([[Copake, New York|Copake]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/bs-md-umbc-curator-dies-from-coronavirus-20200325-mrndfpcvujfjpjutvfucpa4g2y-story.html |title=Maurice Berger, a chief curator at UMBC and a renowned scholar, dies at 63 in New York of coronavirus complications |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=25 March 2020 |accessdate=28 March 2020 |first=McKenna |last=Oxenden}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bose, Lucia}}[[Lucia Bosè]]
|{{age|1931|01|28|2020|3|23}}
|Italian actress and [[Miss Italia]] 1947
| Spain ([[Segovia]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Italian actress Lucia Bose dies of coronavirus |url=https://style.news.am/eng/news/68811/italian-actress-lucia-bose-dies-of-coronavirus.html |work=News.am |date=24 March 2020 |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324164622/https://style.news.am/eng/news/68811/italian-actress-lucia-bose-dies-of-coronavirus.html |archive-date=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Brookins, Carole}}[[Carole Brookins]]
|{{age|1943|08|16|2020|3|23}}
| Executive director of the [[World Bank]] (2001–2005)
| United States ([[Palm Beach, Florida|Palm Beach]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Seelye |first1=Katharine Q. |title=Carole Brookins, a Rare Woman on 1970s Wall Street, Dies at 76 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/obituaries/carole-brookins-dead-coronavirus.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2020 |date=22 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Crowe, Brian}}[[Brian Crowe|Sir Brian Crowe]]
|{{age|1938|01|05|2020|3|23}}
| [[List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Austria|British Ambassador to Austria]] (1989–1992)
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sir Brian Crowe obituary |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sir-brian-crowe-obituary-g39pjvptn |newspaper=[[The Times]] |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=9 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Folgado, Jose}}[[José Folgado]]
| 75
| Member of the [[Congress of Deputies]] (2004–2008) and Secretary of State for Budgets, Expenses and Energy (1996–2004)
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.economiadigital.es/directivos-y-empresas/coronavirus-muere-jose-folgado-ex-presidente-red-electrica_20046609_102.html|title=Muere el ex-presidente de Red Eléctrica José Folgado por coronavirus|first=Sergi|last=Ill|website=Economía Digital |title=Ex-president of Red Eléctrica José Folgado dies from coronavirus |language=es |date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Karslake, Paul}}[[Paul Karslake]]
| 65
| Artist
| United Kingdom ([[Leigh-on-Sea]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Tributes for much-loved Leigh Artist, Paul Karslake |url=http://www.leightimes.co.uk/article.cfm?id=126955&amp;headline=Tributes%20for%20much-loved%20Leigh%20Artist,%20Paul%20Karslake&amp;sectionIs=news&amp;searchyear=2020 |newspaper=Leigh Times |accessdate=17 June 2020 |date=2 April 2020 |first=Sophie |last=Sleigh-Johnson}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Makamba, Zororo}}[[Zororo Makamba]]
|{{age|1990|1|17|2020|3|23}}
| Journalist
| Zimbabwe ([[Harare]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Nyoka |first1=Shingai |title=Zimbabwe coronavirus victim died 'alone and scared' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52061697 |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=6 May 2020 |date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Riaz, Usama}}[[Usama Riaz]]
| 26
| Doctor
| Pakistan ([[Gilgit]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1544225|title=AJK PM announces Nishan-e-Kashmir for GB doctor who died of coronavirus|first=Tariq|last=Naqash|date=27 March 2020|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rizzuto, Calogero}}[[Calogero Rizzuto (architect)|Calogero Rizzuto]]
|{{age|1955|1|20|2020|3|23}}
| Architect and historic preservationist
| Italy ([[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Scarso |first1=Vania |title=Coronavirus, è deceduto l'architetto Calogero Rizzuto |url=https://www.corriereelorino.it/coronavirus-e-deceduto-larchitetto-calogero-rizzuto/ |newspaper=Corriere Elorino |accessdate=1 April 2020 |language=it-IT |date=23 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus, the architect Calogero Rizzuto has died}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Robb, Walter}}[[Walter Robb (engineer)|Walter Robb]]
|{{age|1928|04|25|2020|3|23}}
| Engineer
| United States ([[Schenectady, New York|Schenectady]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;timesunion&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/GE-executive-philanthropist-Walter-Robb-dies-of-15151449.php |title=GE executive, philanthropist Walter Robb dies of COVID-19 |newspaper=[[Times Union (Albany)]] |date=23 March 2020 |accessdate=24 March 2020 |first=Eric |last=Anderson}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Seve, Lucien}}[[Lucien Sève]]
|{{age|1926|12|9|2020|3|23}}
| Philosopher
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article173192 | work = maitron.fr | title = SÈVE Lucien | date = 23 March 2020 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sigmond, Júlia}}[[Júlia Sigmond]]
|{{age|1929|7|11|2020|3|23}}
| Romanian-Hungarian puppet actor and Esperantist
| Italy (Piacenza)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Júlia Sigmond forpasis |url=https://sezonoj.ru/2020/03/nekrologo-44/ |magazine=[[La Ondo de Esperanto]] |accessdate=2 May 2020 |language=eo |date=23 March 2020 |title=Julia Sigmond passed away |first1=Halina |last1=Gorecka |first2=Alexander |last2=Korzhenkov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Wooden, Nashom}}[[Nashom Wooden]]
|{{age|1969|05|22|2020|03|23}}
| Drag queen
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://people.com/style/project-runway-winner-geoffrey-mac-mourns-nashom-wooden-mona-foot-die-coronavirus/ |title=Nashom Wooden, Known by N.Y.C. Nightlife Scene as Drag Queen Mona Foot, Dies from Coronavirus |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Kaitlyn |last=Frey |date=25 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Acquarone, Lorenzo}}[[Lorenzo Acquarone]]
|{{age|1931|02|25|2020|3|24}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1994–2006) and Member of the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]] (1987–1994)
| Italy ([[Genoa]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Preve |first=Marco |title=Coronavirus, è morto a Genova il professor Lorenzo Acquarone |url=https://genova.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/03/24/news/coronavirus_e_morto_il_professor_lorenzo_acquarone-252225468 |date=24 March 2020 |newspaper=[[La Repubblica]] |accessdate=24 March 2020 |language=it |title=Coronavirus, Professor Lorenzo Acquarone died in Genoa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cohn, Romi}}[[Romi Cohn]]
|{{age|1929|03|10|2020|3|24}}
| Czechoslovakian-born American rabbi and real estate developer
| United States ([[Brooklyn]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rabbi Romi Cohn, Holocaust survivor, dies of coronavirus at 92 |url=https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Rabbi-Romi-Cohn-Holocaust-survivor-and-rescuer-dies-of-coronavirus-at-92-622230 |newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |accessdate=26 April 2020 |first=Marcy |last=Oster |date=25 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dibango, Manu}}[[Manu Dibango]]
|{{age|1933|12|12|2020|3|23}}
| Saxophonist and songwriter, originally from Cameroon
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Patrick|last=Labesse|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2020/03/24/le-saxophoniste-manu-dibango-est-mort-des-suites-du-covid-19-annoncent-ses-proches_6034197_3382.html|title=Le saxophoniste Manu Dibango est mort des suites du Covid-19, annoncent ses proches|date=24 March 2020|newspaper=[[Le Monde]]|access-date=24 March 2020|language=fr|title=Saxophonist Manu Dibango Dies as a Result of Covid-19, Relatives Announce}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dick, Steven}}[[Steven Dick]]
| 37
| British Deputy Ambassador to Hungary (since 2019)
| Hungary ([[Budapest]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Walker|first=Shaun|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/mar/25/british-diplomat-dies-of-coronavirus-in-hungary|title=British diplomat dies of coronavirus in Hungary|date=25 March 2020|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=27 March 2020|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Farah, Mohamed}}[[Mohamed Farah (footballer)|Mohamed Farah]]
|{{age|1961|2|15|2020|3|23}}
| Somali international footballer
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/former-african-footballer-mohamed-farah-dies-due-to-covid-19/articleshow/74822572.cms|title=Former African footballer Mohamed Farah dies due to COVID-19|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Finder, Alan}}[[Alan Finder]]
|{{age|1948|2|19|2020|3|24}}
| Journalist
| United States ([[Ridgewood, New Jersey|Ridgewood]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |access-date=27 March 2020 |date=24 March 2020 |title=Longtime reporter, editor Alan Finder dies at 72 |newspaper=[[Newsday]] |url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/obituaries/alan-finder-obituary-1.43423378 |first=John |last=Valenti}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|McNally, Terrence}}[[Terrence McNally]]
|{{age|1938|11|03|2020|3|24}}
| Playwright and screenwriter
| United States ([[Sarasota, Florida|Sarasota]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lefkowitz |first1=Andy |title=Terrence McNally, Tony-Winning Scribe of Love! Valour! Compassion!, Ragtime &amp; More, Dies at 81 |url=https://www.broadway.com/buzz/196791/terrence-mcnally-tony-winning-scribe-of-love-valour-compassion-ragtime-more-dies-at-81/ |website=Broadway.com |accessdate=24 March 2020 |date=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Murray, John F.}}[[John F. Murray]]
| 93
| American pulmonologist and chief of [[Pulmonology]] at [[San Francisco General Hospital]]
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/03/25/longtime-bay-area-pulmonary-specialist-dr-john-f-murray-dies-of-disease-he-helped-fight-after-bout-with-covid-19/ |title=Longtime Bay Area pulmonary specialist Dr. John F. Murray dies of disease he helped fight after bout with COVID-19 |newspaper=[[The Mercury News]] |last=Crowley |first=Kerry |date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326212952/https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/03/25/longtime-bay-area-pulmonary-specialist-dr-john-f-murray-dies-of-disease-he-helped-fight-after-bout-with-covid-19/ |archive-date=26 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Polanco, Jenny}}[[Jenny Polanco]]
|{{age|1958|1|18|2020|3|24}}
| Fashion designer
| Dominican Republic ([[Santo Domingo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Roberts |title=Jenny Polanco, Fashion Designer with a Caribbean Palette, Dies at 62 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/obituaries/jenny-polanco-dead-coronavirus.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=27 March 2020 |accessdate=30 March 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329063141/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/obituaries/jenny-polanco-dead-coronavirus.html |archivedate=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Aarts, Harry}}[[Harry Aarts]]
|{{age|1930|3|9|2020|3|25}}
| Member of the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] (1973–1993)
| Netherlands ([[Tilburg]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Clevers |url=https://www.bd.nl/oisterwijk/cda-er-en-brabander-in-hart-en-nieren-harry-aarts-90-overleden-aan-coronavirus~a74030f2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326230303/https://www.bd.nl/oisterwijk/cda-er-en-brabander-in-hart-en-nieren-harry-aarts-90-overleden-aan-coronavirus~a74030f2/ |archive-date=26 March 2020 |title=CDA'er en Brabander in hart en nieren Harry Aarts (90) overleden aan coronavirus |language=nl |newspaper=[[Brabants Dagblad]] |date=26 March 2020 |title=CDA'er and Brabander in heart and soul Harry Aarts (90) died of coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Barozzi, Danilo}}[[Danilo Barozzi]]
|{{age|1927|8|21|2020|3|25}}
| Cyclist
| Italy ([[Santa Maria Nuova, Marche|Santa Maria Nuova]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Coronavirus: morto l'ex ciclista Danilo Barozzi – Ciclismo |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/sport/ciclismo/2020/03/26/coronavirus-morto-lex-ciclista-danilo-barozzi_2f97b91a-9327-4404-9173-0bf0afdaa780.html |website=[[Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata]] |accessdate=1 April 2020 |language=it |date=26 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus: ex cyclist Danilo Barozzi died – Cycling}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Blum, Mark}}[[Mark Blum]]
|{{age|1950|5|14|2020|3|25}}
| Actor
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last=Welk | first=Brian | title=Mark Blum, Star of 'Desperately Seeking Susan' and 'You,' Dies at 69 Due to Coronavirus Complications | website=[[TheWrap]] | date=26 March 2020 | url=https://www.thewrap.com/mark-blum-actor-dies-coronavirus-desperately-seeking-susan-you/ | access-date=26 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cardoz, Floyd}}[[Floyd Cardoz]]
|{{age|1960|10|20|2020|3|25}}
| Chef and television personality
| United States ([[Montclair, New Jersey|Montclair]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first1=Brekke |last1=Fletcher |first2=Marnie |last2=Hunter |title='Top Chef Masters' winner Floyd Cardoz dies after coronavirus diagnosis |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/floyd-cardoz-chef-obit-coronavirus/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |accessdate=25 March 2020 |date=25 March 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs| Galati, Martinho Lutero}}[[Martinho Lutero Galati]]
|{{age|1953|9|29|2020|3|25}}
| Conductor
| Brazil ([[São Paulo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Maestro Martinho Lutero Galati de Oliveira morre em São Paulo após contrair coronavírus |website=[[G1 (website)]] |date=26 March 2020 |url=https://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/noticia/2020/03/26/maestro-martinho-lutero-galati-de-oliveira-morre-em-sao-paulo.ghtml |language=pt |access-date=29 March 2020 |title=Maestro Martinho Lutero Galati de Oliveira dies in São Paulo after contracting coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Goma, Paul}}[[Paul Goma]]
|{{age|1935|10|2|2020|3|25}}
| Political dissident and writer, originally Romanian
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/evenimente/scriitorul-paul-goma-ucis-de-coronavirus-1281245|title=Scriitorul Paul Goma, ucis de coronavirus. Disidentul a murit într-un spital din Paris|website=[[Digi 24]] |title=Writer Paul Goma, killed by coronavirus. The dissident died in a hospital in Paris |date=25 March 2020 |language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mariano, Detto}}[[Detto Mariano]]
|{{age|1937|7|27|2020|3|25}}
| Musician and composer
| Italy (Milan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Ivan |last=Zingariello|url=https://www.spettacolo.eu/morto-maestro-detto-mariano/|title=Addio al maestro Detto Mariano, arrangiatore dei successi di Celentano e Battisti e di colonne sonore|work=spettacolo.eu|date=25 March 2020|language=it|title=Farewell to Maestro Detto Mariano, arranger of the successes of Celentano and Battisti and of soundtracks}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Moreschi, Angelo}}[[Angelo Moreschi]]
|{{age|1952|6|13|2020|3|25}}
| [[Apostolic Vicariate of Gambella|Apostolic Vicar of Gambella]]
| Italy ([[Brescia]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Vatican News 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Fallece el obispo Moreschi, misionero en Etiopía |website=[[Vatican News]] |date=26 March 2020 |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/es/iglesia/news/2020-03/fallece-obispo-moreschi-misionero-etiopia.html |language=es |access-date=26 March 2020 |title=Bishop Moreschi, missionary in Ethiopia, dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-26 |format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cobarrubias, Menggie}}[[Menggie Cobarrubias]]
|{{age|1953|8|10|2020|3|26}}
| Actor
| Philippines (Manila)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/256623-test-results-late-actor-menggie-cobarrubias-had-coronavirus |title=Late actor Menggie Cobarrubias had coronavirus, test results show |work=[[Rappler]] |date=1 April 2020 |accessdate=1 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-26 |format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Curata, Ito}}[[Ito Curata]]
|{{age|1959|11|2|2020|3|26}}
| Fashion designer
| Philippines ([[Muntinlupa]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/731693/fashion-designer-ito-curata-dies-after-battle-with-covid-19/story/ |title=Fashion designer Ito Curata dies after battle with COVID-19 |work=[[GMA Network]] |date=28 March 2020 |accessdate=9 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Holmquist, Olle}}[[Olle Holmquist]]
| 83
| Trombonist
| Sweden
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bergam |first1=Möller |title=Musikern Olle Holmquist död i corona • Systersonen: &quot;Han var väldigt generös&quot; |url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/musikern-olle-holmquist-dod-av-coronaviruset/ |newspaper=[[Expressen]] |accessdate=27 March 2020 |language=sv |title=Musician Olle Holmquist dead in corona – Sister: &quot;He was very generous&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Parma}}{{nowrap|[[Princess María Teresa of Bourbon-Parma]]}}
|{{age|1933|7|28|2020|3|26}}
| Princess, activist and political sociologist
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/royal-death-coronavirus-spain-princess-maria-teresa-borbon-parma-2020-3|title=A Spanish princess is the world's first royal to die from the coronavirus|last=Schild|first=Darcy|website=[[Insider Inc.]]|access-date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Naomi, Munakata}}[[Naomi Munakata]]
|{{age|1955|5|11|2020|3|26}}
| Conductor
| Brazil (São Paulo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Folha&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Naomi Munakata, uma das principais regentes do Brasil, morre vítima de coronavírus |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2020/03/naomi-munakata-uma-das-principais-regentes-do-brasil-morre-por-coronavirus.shtml |newspaper=[[Folha de São Paulo]] |accessdate=26 March 2020 |language=pt |title=Naomi Munakata, one of Brazil's leading conductors, dies of coronavirus |date=26 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Roni, Luigi}}[[Luigi Roni]]
|{{age|1942|2|22|2020|3|26}}
| Singer
| Italy ([[Lucca]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Decalf |first1=Guillaume |title=Luigi Roni, célèbre basse italienne, meurt du coronavirus |url=https://www.francemusique.fr/actualite-musicale/luigi-roni-celebre-basse-italienne-meurt-du-coronavirus-82662 |website=[[France Musique]] |accessdate=1 April 2020 |language=fr |date=27 March 2020 |title=Famous Italian bassist Luigi Roni dies from coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sorkin, Michael}}[[Michael Sorkin]]
|{{age|1948|8|2|2020|3|26}}
| Architect and critic
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last=Hilburg | first=Jonathan | title=Michael Sorkin passes away after contracting coronavirus | newspaper=[[The Architect's Newspaper]] | date=26 March 2020 | url=https://archpaper.com/2020/03/michael-sorkin-passes-away-after-contracting-coronavirus/ | access-date=26 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Wilson, Hamish}}[[Hamish Wilson]]
|{{age|1942|12|13|2020|3|26}}
| Actor
| United Kingdom ([[Rutherglen]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hdwarrior.co.uk/2020/03/29/a-tribute-to-my-good-friend-hamish-wilson/|title=A tribute to my good friend Hamish Wilson.|website=HD Warrior|access-date=31 March 2020|first=Philip|last=Johnston|date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Yuste, Daniel}}[[Daniel Yuste]]
|{{age|1944|11|17|2020|3|26}}
| Olympic cyclist
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Barker |first1=Gabby |title=Former Madrid cyclist Daniel Yuste dies of coronavirus at 75 |url=https://sportsfinding.com/former-madrid-cyclist-daniel-yuste-dies-of-coronavirus-at-75/27675/ |website=Sports Finding |accessdate=31 March 2020 |date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401001029/https://sportsfinding.com/former-madrid-cyclist-daniel-yuste-dies-of-coronavirus-at-75/27675/ |archive-date=1 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Azulay, Daniel}}[[Daniel Azulay]]
|{{age|1947|5|30|2020|3|27}}
| Comic book artist
| Brazil ([[Rio de Janeiro]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2020/03/27/morre-o-desenhista-daniel-azulay.ghtml|title=Daniel Azulay, desenhista e artista plástico, morre vítima de coronavírus, aos 72 anos, diz família|website=[[G1 (website)]]|language=pt|accessdate=29 March 2020|title=Daniel Azulay, designer and artist, dies of coronavirus, aged 72, says family|date=27 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mkandawire, Thandika}}[[Thandika Mkandawire]]
| 79
| Malawian economist
| Sweden ([[Stockholm]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Tejan-Cole|first=Abdul|url=https://politicosl.com/articles/farewell-thandika-africa%e2%80%99s-shining-intellectual-light|title=Farewell Thandika|date=March 2020|newspaper=Politico SL|access-date=7 June 2020|issn=|archive-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607163300/https://politicosl.com/articles/farewell-thandika-africa%E2%80%99s-shining-intellectual-light|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gayoso Rey, Jesus}}[[Jesús Gayoso Rey]]
|{{age|1971|4|26|2020|3|27}}
|Head of [[Grupo de Acción Rápida|GAR]]
| Spain ([[Logroño]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20200328/48128726691/muere-jefe-gar-guardia-civil-jesus-gayaso-video-seo-ext.html|title=Muere el jefe del GAR de la Guardia Civil por coronavirus|date=28 March 2020|newspaper=[[La Vanguardia]]|language=es|accessdate=31 March 2020 |title=The head of the GAR of the Civil Guard dies from coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lippe, Stefan}}[[Stefan Lippe]]
| {{age|1955|10|11|2020|03|27}}
| CEO of [[Swiss Re]] (2009–2012)
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ex-Swiss Re CEO Dies of Coronavirus |url=https://www.finews.com/news/english-news/40967-stefan-lippe-swiss-re-obituary-axa |website=finews.com |accessdate=25 April 2020 |date=24 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|McDaniel, Orlando}}[[Orlando McDaniel]]
|{{age|1960|12|1|2020|3|27}}
|[[American football]] player
| United States ([[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former LSU WR McDaniel dies from COVID-19 |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/story/_/id/28966107/former-lsu-receiver-orlando-mcdaniel-dies-coronavirus |publisher=[[ESPN]] |accessdate=28 March 2020 |date=28 March 2020 |first=Mark |last=Schlabach}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|McKinnnell, Michael}}[[Michael McKinnell]]
| 84
| Architect
| United States ([[Beverly, Massachusetts|Beverly]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last=Giovannini | first=Joseph | title=Michael McKinnell, 84, Dies; Architect of a Monumental City Hall | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/arts/design/michael-mckinnell-dead-coronavirus.html |date=4 April 2020 |access-date=4 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Aksoy, Fevzi}}[[Fevzi Aksoy]]
|{{age|1930|5|1|2020|3|28}}
| Academic, neurologist and sports writer
| Turkey (Istanbul)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ünlü spor yazarı Fevzi Aksoy Korona virüsten hayatını kaybetti |url=https://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/unlu-spor-yazari-fevzi-aksoy-korona-virusten-hayatini-kaybetti-273289h.htm |accessdate=7 April 2020 |newspaper=[[Yeniçağ]] |date=29 March 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407002203/https://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/unlu-spor-yazari-fevzi-aksoy-korona-virusten-hayatini-kaybetti-273289h.htm |archivedate=7 April 2020 |language=tr |title=Famous sports writer Fevzi Aksoy Korona lost his life from the virus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Behrendtz, Kerstin}}[[Kerstin Behrendtz]]
|{{age|1950|8|18|2020|3|28}}
| Radio broadcaster
| Sweden (Stockholm)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lindqvist |first1=Johan |title=Radiolegendaren Kerstin Behrendtz har avlidit i corona |url=http://www.gp.se/1.26094733 |newspaper=[[Göteborgs-Posten]] |accessdate=28 March 2020 |language=sv |date=28 March 2020 |title=Radio legend Kerstin Behrendtz has passed away in corona}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Galante, Galante}}[[Chato Galante]]
|{{age|1948|4|27|2020|3|28}}
| Activist and former political prisoner
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fallece el activista y preso del franquismo Chato Galante con coronavirus |url=https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/Fallece-activista-franquista-Chato-Galante_0_1011048946.html |newspaper=[[eldiario.es]] |accessdate=30 March 2020 |language=es |title=Franco activist and prisoner Chato Galante dies with coronavirus |date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|González Rissotto, Rodolfo}}[[Rodolfo González Rissotto]]
|{{age|1949|10|7|2020|3|28}}
| Minister of National Defense (1995–1996)
| Uruguay ([[Montevideo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Uruguai registra primeira morte no país por coronavírus |title=Uruguay registers first death in the country from coronavirus |url=https://g1.globo.com/bemestar/coronavirus/podcast/novo-coronavirus-perguntas-e-respostas/noticia/2020/03/28/uruguai-registra-primeira-morte-no-pais-por-coronavirus.ghtml |website=[[G1 (website)]] |accessdate=29 March 2020 |date=28 March 2020 |language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Helmreich, William B.}}[[William B. Helmreich]]
|{{age|1945|08|25|2020|3|28}}
| Professor of Sociology at The [[Graduate Center, CUNY]]
| United States ([[Great Neck, New York|Great Neck]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=William Helmreich, Sociologist and a Walker in the City, Dies at 74 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/30/nyregion/william-helmreich-dead-coronavirus.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=30 March 2020 |date=30 March 2020 |first=Joseph |last=Berger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Millet, Denise}}[[Denise Millet]]
|{{age|1933|05|15|2020|3|28}}
| Illustrator
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/la-dessinatrice-denise-millet-victime-du-coronavirus?fbclid=IwAR3RBQtC07ImtOFLA4TFMoHh7MoFb8JOEpWWwIiKoWUd6fYJNa2zrmdUB6g|title=La dessinatrice Denise Millet victime du coronavirus|magazine=Livres Hebdo|first=Thomas|last=Vincy|date=31 March 2020|access-date=20 April 2020|language=fr
|title=Designer Denise Millet victim of coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jordan, Pearson}}[[Pearson Jordan]]
|{{age|1950|10|23|2020|3|28}}
| Sprinter, represented Barbados at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]]
| United States
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1092624/olympian-pearson-jordan-passes-away|title=Olympian Pearson Jordan passes away from COVID-19|website=[[Inside the Games]] |first=Ali |last=Iveson |date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Khan, Azam}}[[Azam Khan (squash player)|Azam Khan]]
| 93
| Pakistani squash player
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hussain |first1=Khalid |title=Squash great Azam Khan dies of coronavirus aged 95 |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/279680-legendary-squash-player-azam-khan-passes |publisher=[[Geo TV]] |accessdate=28 March 2020 |date=28 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tibon-Cornillot, Michel}}[[Michel Tibon-Cornillot]]
| 97
| Philosopher and anthropologist
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Michel Tibon-Cornillot, penseur du &quot; déferlement des techniques &quot;, est mort du Covid-19 |url=https://reporterre.net/Michel-Tibon-Cornillot-penseur-du-deferlement-des-techniques-est-mort-du-Covid-19 |website=Reporterre, le quotidien de l'écologie |accessdate=5 April 2020 |language=fr |title=Michel Tibon-Cornillot, thinker of the &quot;surge of techniques&quot;, died of the Covid-19 |date=30 March 2020 |first=Hervé |last=Kempf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Wolf, William}}[[William Wolf (critic)|William Wolf]]
| 94
| Film and theater critic
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Drama Desk President William Wolf Dies of Coronavirus Complications |url=https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/news/former-drama-desk-president-william-wolf-dies_90847.html |website=TheaterMania |accessdate=2 April 2020 |first=David |last=Gordon |date=1 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bernay, Beryl}}[[Beryl Bernay]]
|{{age|1926|3|2|2020|3|29}}
| Journalist and children's television creator
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Steinhauer |first1=Jennifer |title=Beryl Bernay, Children's TV Host With a Varied Career, Dies at 94 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/20/obituaries/beryl-bernay-dead-coronavirus.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2020 |date=20 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Capón, José Luis}}[[José Luis Capón]]
|{{age|1948|2|6|2020|3|29}}
| Footballer
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fallece Jose Luis Capón por coronavirus, histórico lateral del Atlético de Madrid |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/futbol/2020-03-29/jose-luis-capon-muere-atletico-de-madrid-anos-futbol-coronavirus_2523828/ |newspaper=[[El Confidencial]] |accessdate=30 March 2020 |language=es |date=29 March 2020 |title=Jose Luis Capón dies of coronavirus, Atletico Madrid winger |first=Enrique |last=Cerezo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Devedjian, Patrick}}[[Patrick Devedjian]]
|{{age|1944|8|26|2020|3|29}}
|[[President of the Departmental Council (France)|President of the General Council]] of [[Hauts-de-Seine]] (since 2007) and Member of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] (2010–2017)
|France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Patrick Devedjian—French politician and driving force behind new museum dedicated to the Sun King—has died of coronavirus |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/the-sun-king-museum-loses-its-godfather |newspaper=[[The Art Newspaper]] |accessdate=6 May 2020 |first=Vincent |last=Noce |date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=25 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625000015/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/the-sun-king-museum-loses-its-godfather |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Diffie, Joe}}[[Joe Diffie]]
|{{age|1958|12|28|2020|3|29}}
| Country singer
| United States ([[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last1=Willman |first1=Chris |title=Joe Diffie, '90s Country Music Star, Dies of Coronavirus at 61 |url=https://variety.com/2020/music/news/joe-diffie-coronavirus-country-star-died-dead-1203548295/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=29 March 2020 |date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Garff, Robert H.}}[[Robert H. Garff]]
| 78
| Speaker of the [[Utah House of Representatives]] (1985–1987)
| United States ([[Salt Lake City]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Robert Garff, prominent Utah businessman and former House speaker, is state's third victim of COVID-19 |url=https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/29/21198863/utah-covid19-700-cases-coronavirus-salt-lake |newspaper=[[Deseret News]] |accessdate=29 March 2020 |date=29 March 2020 |first=Ashley |last=Imlay |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329195409/https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/29/21198863/utah-covid19-700-cases-coronavirus-salt-lake |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mercader, Maria}}[[Maria Mercader]]
|{{age|1965|11|28|2020|3|29}}
| Television news producer and journalist
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Remembering Maria Mercader, CBS News journalist for three decades |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/remembering-maria-mercader-cbs-news-journalist-for-three-decades/ |publisher=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=30 March 2020 |date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Merrill, Alan}}[[Alan Merrill]]
|{{age|1951|2|19|2020|3|29}}
| Lead singer of [[Arrows (British band)|Arrows]] and songwriter
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alan Merrill, 'I Love Rock 'N Roll' Writer, Dies at 69 |url=https://bestclassicbands.com/alan-merrill-i-love-rock-n-roll-arrows-obituary-3-29-20/ |website=Best Classic Bands |accessdate=29 March 2020 |date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Oneborg, Tomas}}[[Tomas Oneborg]]
|{{age|1958|03|28|2020|3|29}}
| Photographer
| Sweden (Stockholm)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SvD-fotografen Tomas Oneborg avliden i covid-19 |url=https://www.svd.se/svd-fotograf-avliden-i-covid-19 |newspaper=[[Svenska Dagbladet]] |accessdate=31 March 2020 |language=sv |date=31 March 2020 |title=SvD photographer Tomas Oneborg passed away in covid-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rapp, Francis}}[[Francis Rapp]]
|{{age|1926|6|27|2020|3|29}}
| Medievalist historian
| France ([[Angers]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nécrologie. Francis Rapp s'en est allé, emporté par le Covid-19 |url=https://www.dna.fr/edition-strasbourg/2020/03/29/francis-rapp-s-en-est-alle |newspaper=[[Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace]] |accessdate=30 March 2020 |language=FR-fr |title=Obituary. Francis Rapp is gone, carried away by the Covid-19 |date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rottoli, Angelo}}[[Angelo Rottoli]]
|{{age|1958|12|14|2020|3|29}}
| Boxer
| Italy ([[Ponte San Pietro]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pugilato, coronavirus: morto ex campione europeo dei massimi leggeri Rottoli |url= https://www.repubblica.it/sport/vari/2020/03/29/news/coronavirus_morto_pugile_rottoli-252623963/ |newspaper=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it |date=29 March 2020 |title=Boxing, coronavirus: former European light heavyweight champion Rottoli dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Shimura, Ken}}[[Ken Shimura]]
|{{age|1950|2|20|2020|3|29}}
| Comedian
| Japan ([[Tokyo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |script-title=ja:コメディアンの志村けんさん死去新型コロナ感染で肺炎発症 |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200330/k10012357011000.html |website=[[NHK]] |accessdate=30 March 2020 |date=30 March 2020 |title=Kenji Shimura, a comedian, died |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330011136/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200330/k10012357011000.html |archive-date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tincq, Henri}}[[Henri Tincq]]
|{{age|1945|11|2|2020|3|29}}
| Journalist
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Mort de Henri Tincq, grande plume de l'information religieuse |url=https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Mort-Henri-Tincq-grande-plume-linformation-religieuse-2020-03-30-1201086863 |newspaper=[[La Croix]] |accessdate=3 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=30 March 2020 |title=Death of Henri Tincq, great pen of religious information |first=Nicolas |last=Senèze}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Borjas, Lorena}}[[Lorena Borjas]]
|{{age|1960|5|29|2020|3|30}}
| Mexican American transgender and immigrant rights activist
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Lorena Borjas, Mother of Queens' Trans Latinx Community, Has Died Due to Coronavirus |url=https://www.them.us/story/lorena-borjas-mother-of-queens-trans-latinx-community-died-coronavirus |magazine=[[Them.]] |accessdate=30 March 2020 |date=30 March 2020 |first=Wren |last=Sanders}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dwyer, Hilary}}[[Hilary Dwyer]]
|{{age|1945|05|06|2020|03|30}}
| Actress
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Hilary Heath, Actress in 'Witchfinder General,' Dies of COVID-19 Complications at 74 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hilary-heath-dead-actress-witchfinder-general-dies-covid-19-complications-at-74-1289887 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=11 April 2020 |first=Mike |last=Barnes |date=10 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-03-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Goodrich, James T.}}[[James T. Goodrich]]
| 73
|Professor of Neurosurgery at the [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]]
|United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/humble-ny-doctor-who-led-miracle-surgery-on-conjoined-twins-dies-of-covid-19-complications/2351569/|title='Humble' NYC Doctor Who Led Miracle Surgery on Conjoined Twins Dies of COVID-19 Complications|publisher=[[WNBC]]|access-date=30 March 2020|first=Jessy|last=Edwards|date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hodgkiss, David}}[[David Hodgkiss]]
| 71
| Chairman of [[Lancashire County Cricket Club]] (since 2017)
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=David Hodgkiss: Lancashire CCC chairman dies after contracting coronavirus |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/52093290 |website=[[BBC Sport]] |accessdate=30 March 2020 |date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Knežević, Milutin}}[[Milutin Knežević]]
|{{age|1949|01|10|2020|3|30}}
| Serbian Orthodox [[Eparchy of Valjevo|Eparch of Valjevo]]
| Serbia ([[Belgrade]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Preminuo episkop valjevski Milutin koji je bio zaražen korona virusom |url=https://www.blic.rs/vesti/drustvo/preminuo-episkop-valjevski-milutin-koji-je-bio-zarazen-korona-virusom/sm8n1ze |newspaper=[[Blic]] |accessdate=30 March 2020 |language=sr |title=Bishop Milutin of Valjevo, who was infected with the virus, died |date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Monette, Ted}}[[Ted Monette]]
|{{age|1945|12|31|2020|3|30}}
| FEMA Director of the Office of Federal Coordinating Officer Operations
| United States ([[Holyoke, Massachusetts|Holyoke]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former FEMA Official Ted Monette, Leader of Katrina and 9/11 Responses, Dies from Coronavirus – Homeland Security Today |url=https://www.hstoday.us/federal-pages/dhs/fema-dhs-federal-pages/former-fema-official-ted-monette-leader-of-katrina-and-9-11-responses-dies-from-coronavirus/ |website=Homeland Security Today |accessdate=26 April 2020 |first=Bridget |last=Johnson |date= 1 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Varas, Manuel Adolfo}}[[Manuel Adolfo Varas]]
|{{age|1943|04|02|2020|3|30}}
| Broadcaster and sports journalist
| Ecuador ([[Guayaquil]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Manuel Adolfo Varas A legendary of sports journalism died |url=http://www.infocancha.com/contenido/noticia/1/26030/manuel-adolfo-varas-un-legendario-del-periodismo-deportivo-fallecio.html |website=INFOcancha |accessdate=12 April 2020 |date=30 March 2020 |archive-date=30 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330160815/http://www.infocancha.com/contenido/noticia/1/26030/manuel-adolfo-varas-un-legendario-del-periodismo-deportivo-fallecio.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Yhombi-Opango, Joachim}}[[Joachim Yhombi-Opango]]
|{{age|1939|01|12|2020|3|30}}
| [[List of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo|Prime Minister]] of the [[Republic of the Congo]] (1993–1996) and [[List of presidents of the Republic of the Congo|President of the Republic of the Congo]] (1977–1979)
| France ([[Neuilly-sur-Seine|Neuilly]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: décès de l'ex-président congolais Yhombi Opango |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/coronavirus-deces-de-l-ex-president-congolais-yhombi-opango-20200330 |newspaper=[[Le Figaro]] |date=30 March 2020 |accessdate=30 March 2020 |language=fr |title=Coronavirus: death of former Congolese president Yhombi Opango}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Burmann, Wilhelm}}[[Wilhelm Burmann]]
|{{age|1939|04|03|2020|3|31}}
| German-born [[ballet master]] and teacher
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kourlas|first=Gia|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/arts/dance/wilhelm-burmann-dead.html|title=Wilhelm Burmann, Teacher of Ballet's Brightest, Dies at 80|date=4 April 2020|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bennett, Julie}}[[Julie Bennett]]
|{{age|1932|1|24|2020|3|31}}
| Voice actor
| United States ([[Los Angeles]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/julie-bennett-dead-yogi-bear-voice-actress-dies-coronavirus-complications-at-88-1288208 |title=Julie Bennett, 'Yogi Bear' Voice Actress, Dies From Coronavirus Complications at 88 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=2 April 2020 |first=Mike |last=Barnes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dashkevich, Viktar}}[[Viktar Dashkevich]]
|{{age|1945|1|3|2020|3|31}}
| Stage actor
| Belarus ([[Vitebsk]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Умер заразившийся коронавирусом актер Виктор Дашкевич |url=https://rg.ru/2020/03/31/umer-zarazivshijsia-koronavirusom-akter-viktor-dashkevich.html |newspaper=[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]] |accessdate=1 April 2020 |language=ru |title=Actor Viktor Dashkevich infected with coronavirus dies |date=31 March 2020 |first=Oleg |last=Uskov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Diouf, Pape}}[[Pape Diouf]]
|{{age|1951|12|18|2020|3|31}}
| President of [[Olympique de Marseille]] (2005–2009)
| Senegal ([[Dakar]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Coronavirus : Pape Diouf, l'ancien président de l'OM, est décédé |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/sports/coronavirus-pape-diouf-l-ancien-president-de-l-om-hospitalise-a-nice-31-03-2020-8291718.php |newspaper=[[Le Parisien]] |accessdate=31 March 2020 |date=31 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Pape Diouf, the former president of OM, has died |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gomez Nieto, Rafael}}[[Rafael Gómez Nieto]]
|{{age|1921|01|29|2020|3|31}}
|[[Spanish Civil War]] and [[World War II]] veteran, [[List of last surviving veterans of military insurgencies and wars|last surviving member]] of ''[[La Nueve]]''
| France ([[Strasbourg]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fallece el último superviviente de la compañía que liberó París de los nazis |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20200331/48215141168/rafael-gomez-nieto-la-nueve-paris-nazis-hitler-republicanos.html |newspaper=[[La Vanguardia]] |accessdate=31 March 2020 |date=31 March 2020 |title=The last survivor of the company that liberated Paris from the Nazis dies |first=Josep |last=Playà Maset |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gordon, James}}[[James Gordon, Baron Gordon of Strathblane]]
|{{age|1936|05|17|2020|3|31}}
| Member of the [[House of Lords]] (since 1997) and founder of [[Radio Clyde]]
| United Kingdom ([[Glasgow]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Radio Clyde founder sadly passes away due to coronavirus |url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/18354232.radio-clyde-founder-sadly-passes-away-due-coronavirus/ |newspaper=[[Glasgow Times]] |accessdate=2 April 2020 |date=2 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jack, Andrew}}[[Andrew Jack (dialect coach)|Andrew Jack]]
|{{age|1944|01|28|2020|3|31}}
| Dialect coach and actor
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Newbold |first1=Mark |title=Rest in Peace Andrew Jack, Major Caluan Ematt |url=https://www.fanthatracks.com/news/conventions-events/rest-in-peace-andrew-jack-major-caluan-ematt/ |website=Fantha Tracks |accessdate=31 March 2020 |date=31 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Monet-Palaci, Cristina}}[[Cristina (singer)|Cristina Monet-Palaci]]
|{{age|1956|1|17|2020|3|31}}
| Musician
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cristina, Cult Downtown New York Singer, Dies at 64 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/05/obituaries/cristina-dead.html |last1=Caramanica |first1=Jon |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=5 April 2020|accessdate=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ramjee, Gita}}[[Gita Ramjee]]
| 63
| HIV prevention researcher
| South Africa ([[Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal|Umhlanga]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=JUST IN: Renowned SA scientist Gita Ramjee dies of complications due to Covid-19 |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/just-in-renowned-sa-scientist-gita-ramjee-dies-of-complications-due-to-covid-19-45863633 |accessdate=31 March 2020 |work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]] |date=31 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Roney, Wallace}}[[Wallace Roney]]
|{{age|1960|5|25|2020|3|31}}
| Jazz trumpeter
| United States ([[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Russonello |first1=Giovanni |title=Wallace Roney, Jazz Trumpet Virtuoso, Is Dead at 59 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/31/arts/music/wallace-roney-dead-coronavirus.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=4 May 2020 |date=31 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sinclair, Peter J. N.}}[[Peter J. N. Sinclair]]
|{{age|1946|9|18|2020|3|31}}
| Economist
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Coronavirus: David Cameron's tutor Prof Peter Sinclair dies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-52118901 |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=1 April 2020 |date=1 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-03-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kaya, Turhan}}[[Turhan Kaya]]
|{{age|1951|11|30|2020|3|31}}
| Actor
| Turkey (Istanbul)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.posta.com.tr/kurtlar-vadisinin-usta-oyuncusu-turhan-kaya-corona-virusten-hayatini-kaybetti-2247021/ |title=Kurtlar Vadisi'nin usta oyuncusu Turhan Kaya corona virüsten hayatını kaybetti |newspaper=[[Posta (newspaper)|Posta]] |date=1 April 2020 |title=Turhan Kaya, the master player of the Kurtlar Vadisi, died from the virus | language = tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|- id=&quot;April 2020&quot;
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Blažić, Branislav}}[[Branislav Blažić]]
|{{age|1957|4|01|2020|4|01}}
| [[Ministry of Environmental Protection (Serbia)|Minister of Environmental Protection]] (1998–2000)
| Serbia (Belgrade)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Serbian state secretary dies from coronavirus |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2020/04/01/serbian-state-secretary-dies-from-coronavirus |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |accessdate=1 April 2020 |date=1 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Driskell, David}}[[David Driskell]]
| 88
| Visual artist and academic
| United States ([[Hyattsville, Maryland|Hyattsville]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=David Driskell, advocate for African American art, dies at 88 of coronavirus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/david-driskell-advocate-for-african-american-art-dies-at-88-of-coronavirus/2020/04/03/9217ab4c-74f3-11ea-85cb-8670579b863d_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=4 April 2020 |first=Bart |last=Barnes |date=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Duffy, Kevin}}[[Kevin Duffy]]
|{{age|1933|1|10|2020|4|01}}
| Judge for the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|U.S. District Court for Southern New York]] (1972–1998)
| United States ([[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Borsuk |first1=Ken |title=Judge from Greenwich who presided over World Trade Center bombing case dies from coronavirus |url=https://www.greenwichtime.com/news/coronavirus/article/Kevin-Duffy-Greenwich-resident-and-judge-in-15172320.php |newspaper=[[Greenwich Time (newspaper)|Greenwich Time]] |accessdate=1 April 2020 |date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=2 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402002953/https://www.greenwichtime.com/news/coronavirus/article/Kevin-Duffy-Greenwich-resident-and-judge-in-15172320.php |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Epin, Bernard}}[[Bernard Epin]]
|{{age|1936|5|27|2020|4|01}}
| Writer and literary critic
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=L'auteur jeunesse Bernard Epin emporté par le coronavirus |url=https://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/lauteur-jeunesse-bernard-epin-emporte-par-le-coronavirus |magazine=Livres Hebdo |accessdate=5 April 2020 |language=fr |title=Youth author Bernard Epin carried away by the coronavirus |first=Nicolas |last=Turcev |date=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hussein, Nur Hassan}}[[Nur Hassan Hussein]]
|{{age|1937|2|16|2020|4|01}}
| [[List of prime ministers of Somalia|Prime Minister of Somalia]] (2007–2009)
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Somalia's ex Prime Minister dies of corona virus |url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/news/somalias-ex-prime-minister-nur-hassan-hussein-nur-adde-dies-of-corona-virus/ez6rn4k |work=PulseLive KE |accessdate=1 April 2020 |first=Tony |last=Mukere |date=1 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Marsalis, Ellis}}[[Ellis Marsalis Jr.]]
|{{age|1934|11|14|2020|4|01}}
| Jazz pianist
| United States ([[New Orleans]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ellis Marsalis, New Orleans jazz piano legend hospitalized with coronavirus symptoms, dies |url=https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/music/article_bbdaf4c4-7481-11ea-92ae-1758b23c65c8.html |newspaper=[[The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate]] |accessdate=1 April 2020 |first=Doug |last=Maccash |date=1 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Passman, Richard}}[[Richard Passman]]
|{{age|1925|6|30|2020|4|1}}
| Aeronautical engineer and space scientist
| United States ([[Silver Spring, Maryland|Silver Spring]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Schwartz |first1=John |title=Richard Passman, Space-Age Engineer Who Kept His Secrets, Dies at 94 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/16/obituaries/richard-passman-dead-coronavirus.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=29 April 2020 |date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pizzarelli, Bucky}}[[Bucky Pizzarelli]]
|{{age|1926|1|9|2020|4|1}}
| Jazz guitarist
| United States ([[Saddle River, New Jersey|Saddle River]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Westhoven |first1=William |title=Jazz-guitar great Bucky Pizzarelli dies at 94 after testing positive for coronavirus |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2020/04/02/jazz-great-bucky-pizzarelli-dies-after-testing-positive-coronavirus/5112393002/ |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=2 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Schlesinger, Adam}}[[Adam Schlesinger]]
|{{age|1967|10|31|2020|4|01}}
| Songwriter, member of [[Fountains of Wayne]]
| United States ([[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sisario|first=Ben|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/01/arts/music/adam-schlesinger-dead-coronavirus.html|title=Adam Schlesinger, Songwriter for Rock, Film and the Stage, Dies at 52|date=1 April 2020|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=1 April 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Werzberg, Dora}}[[Dora Werzberg]]
|{{age|1920|9|5|2020|4|1}}
| Nurse and social worker
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=In Memoriam: Dora Amelan |url=https://hac.bard.edu/amor-mundi/in-memoriam-dora-amelan-2020-04-03 |work=The Hannah Arendt Center for Politics and Humanities at Bard College |accessdate=3 April 2020 |date=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Benito, Goyo}}[[Goyo Benito]]
|{{age|1946|10|21|2020|04|02}}
| Footballer
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere Goyo Benito, histórico defensa del Real Madrid |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20200402/48273796479/muere-goyo-benito-historico-defensa-del-real-madrid.html |newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]] |accessdate=2 April 2020 |language=es |date=2 April 2020 |title=Goyo Benito, historic Real Madrid defender, dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bosworth, Patricia}}[[Patricia Bosworth]]
|{{age|1933|4|24|2020|04|02}}
| Actress and author
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Actress-author Patricia Bosworth dies from coronavirus at 86 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/actress-author-patricia-bosworth-dies-coronavirus-86-69979066 |website=ABC News |accessdate=6 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Catalla, Bernardita}}[[Bernardita Catalla]]
|{{age|1958|02|18|2020|04|02}}
| Philippine ambassador to Lebanon (since 2017)
| Lebanon ([[Beirut]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/statements-and-advisoriesupdate/26554-statement-on-the-demise-of-honorable-bernardita-m-catalla-philippine-ambassador-to-lebanon|title=Statement: On the Demise of Honorable Bernardita L. Catalla, Philippine Ambassador to Lebanon|date=2 April 2020|website=[[Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508204250/https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/statements-and-advisoriesupdate/26554-statement-on-the-demise-of-honorable-bernardita-m-catalla-philippine-ambassador-to-lebanon|archive-date=8 May 2020|access-date=2 April 2020|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cometti, Zaccaria}}[[Zaccaria Cometti]]
|{{age|1937|01|7|2020|04|02}}
| Footballer
| Italy ([[Romano di Lombardia]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Coronavirus, morto Zaccaria Cometti: lo storico portiere dell'Atalanta che si alternava con Pizzaballa aveva 83 anni |url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/04/02/news/coronavirus_lombardia_e_morto_cometti_portiere_dell_atalnta_negli_anni_60-252960906/ |newspaper=[[la Repubblica]] |accessdate=3 April 2020 |language=it |date=2 April 2020 |title=Coronavirus, Zaccaria Cometti dead: the historic Atalanta goalkeeper who alternated with Pizzaballa was 83 years old}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|de Gaulle, François}}[[François de Gaulle]]
|{{age|1922|2|13|2020|04|02}}
| Catholic priest and missionary
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Nèves |first1=Corinne |title=Val-de-Marne : la mort du père François De Gaulle, neveu du général |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/val-de-marne-94/val-de-marne-deces-du-pere-francois-de-gaulle-neveu-du-general-05-04-2020-8294391.php |newspaper=[[Le Parisien]] |accessdate=6 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=5 April 2020 |title=Val-de-Marne: the death of Father François De Gaulle, nephew of the general}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Frankland, William}}[[William Frankland (allergist)|William Frankland]]
|{{age|1912|03|19|2020|04|02}}
| Allergist and immunologist
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Craig S. |title=William Frankland, Pioneering Allergist, Dies at 108 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/03/science/william-frankland-dead-coronavirus.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Giménez, Juan}}[[Juan Giménez]]
|{{age|1943|11|16|2020|04|02}}
| Comic book artist and illustrator
| Argentina ([[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://meaww.com/coronavirus-celebrity-death-comic-book-artist-juan-gimenez-industry-reactions-mourn-loss-death|title=Veteran comic book artist Juan Giménez's death from coronavirus leaves industry members devastated|date=3 April 2020|work=Media Entertainment Arts WorldWide|access-date=3 April 2020|first=Remus|last=Noronha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jesdanun, Anick}}[[Anick Jesdanun]]
| 51
| Technology reporter and editor, first internet writer for the [[Associated Press]]
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=ap&gt;{{cite news |first=Ted|last=Anthony |title=Anick Jesdanun, longtime AP technology writer, dies at 51 |url=https://apnews.com/1f0aca8b73b80808d45725702784c265 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=3 April 2020 |accessdate=17 April 2020|archiveurl= |archivedate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Large, Eddie}}[[Eddie Large]]
|{{age|1941|6|25|2020|4|2}}
| Comedian
| United Kingdom ([[Bristol]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Eddie Large dies aged 78 |url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/people/news/5726/rip-eddie-large/ |website=[[British Comedy Guide]] |accessdate=2 April 2020 |date=2 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Öz, Feriha}}[[Feriha Öz]]
|{{age in years|1933|2020}}
| Pathologist, academic and medical doctor
| Turkey
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sağlık Bakanı Koca, koronavirüs nedeniyle ölen Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz için başsağlığı diledi |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/saglik-bakani-koca-koronavirus-nedeniyle-olen-prof-dr-feriha-oz-icin-bassagligi-diledi-3532719 |accessdate=3 April 2020 |newspaper=[[Yeni Şafak]]|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]  |date=2 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402233633/https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/saglik-bakani-koca-koronavirus-nedeniyle-olen-prof-dr-feriha-oz-icin-bassagligi-diledi-3532719 |archivedate=2 April 2020 |language=tr |title=Koca, Minister of Health, expressed his condolences for Dr. Feriha Öz, the professor who died due to coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pesántez Rodas, Rodrigo}}[[Rodrigo Pesántez Rodas]]
|{{age|1937|07|25|2020|04|02}}
| Writer and poet
| Ecuador (Guayaquil)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.eluniverso.com/entretenimiento/2020/04/03/nota/7804062/adios-rodrigo-pesantez-rodas-ilustre-escritor-poeta|title=Adiós a Rodrigo Pesántez Rodas, ilustre escritor y poeta|newspaper=[[El Universo]]|date=3 April 2020|language=es|access-date=5 April 2020|title=Farewell to Rodrigo Pesántez Rodas, illustrious writer and poet}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rossi, Sergio}}[[Sergio Rossi (shoe designer)|Sergio Rossi]]
|{{age|1935|07|31|2020|04|02}}
| Shoe designer
| Italy ([[Cesena]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |first1=Katie|last1=Abel|first2=Luisa|last2=Zargani |title=Sergio Rossi Dies at 84 |url=https://wwd.com/accessories-news/footwear/footwear-legend-sergio-rossi-dies-84-coronavirus-1203553603/ |magazine=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |accessdate=3 April 2020 |date=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rubashkin, Aaron}}[[Aaron Rubashkin]]
| 92
| Businessman
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://collive.com/avraham-aaron-rubashkin-92-obm/ |title=Avraham Aaron Rubashkin, 92, OBM |date=2 April 2020 |website=COLlive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Singh Khalsa, Nirmal}}[[Nirmal Singh Khalsa]]
|{{age|1952|4|12|2020|4|02}}
| Singer, [[Ragi (Sikhism)|Ragi]] of [[Golden Temple|Darbar Sahib]]
| India ([[Amritsar]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Hazoori Ragi Nirmal Singh Khalsa dead, had tested positive for coronavirus |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/former-hazoori-ragi-nirmal-singh-khalsa-dead-had-tested-positive-for-coronavirus-64557 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |accessdate=2 April 2020 |date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404144336/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/former-hazoori-ragi-nirmal-singh-khalsa-dead-had-tested-positive-for-coronavirus-64557 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sowinski, Arnold}}[[Arnold Sowinski]]
|{{age|1931|3|17|2020|04|02}}
| Footballer
| France ([[Lens, Pas-de-Calais|Lens]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Disparition : Arnold Sowinski, ancien entraîneur du RC Lens, est mort |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Disparition-arnold-sowinski-ancien-entraineur-du-rc-lens-est-mort/1124404 |newspaper=[[L'Équipe]] |accessdate=3 April 2020 |language=fr |date=2 April 2020 |title=Disappearance: Arnold Sowinski, former coach of RC Lens, is dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tumimomor, Aptripel}}[[Aptripel Tumimomor]]
|{{age|1966|04|03|2020|04|02}}
| [[Regency (Indonesia)|Regent]] of [[North Morowali Regency|North Morowali]] (since 2016)
| Indonesia ([[Makassar]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=detik&gt;{{cite news |first=Mohammad |last=Qadri |title=Bupati Morowali Utara yang Meninggal Dunia Dinyatakan Positif Corona |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4964665/bupati-morowali-utara-yang-meninggal-dunia-dinyatakan-positif-corona |work=[[detik.com]]  |date=4 April 2020 |accessdate=27 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413174148/https://m.detik.com/news/berita/d-4964665/bupati-morowali-utara-yang-meninggal-dunia-dinyatakan-positif-corona |archivedate=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Whistler, Arthur}}[[Arthur Whistler]]
|{{age|1944|10|12|2020|04|02}}
| Professor of [[Ethnobotany]] at the [[University of Hawaii]]
| United States ([[Honolulu]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2020/04/04/uh-scholar-author-known-around-world-dies-covid-/|title=Friends, family mourn well-known Hawaii scientist who died after contracting COVID-19|last=Kawano|first=Lynn|date=3 April 2020|website=[[Hawaii News Now]]|access-date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Beck, Robert|}}[[Robert Beck (pentathlete)|Robert Beck]]
|{{age|1936|12|30|2020|04|02}}
| Pentathlete and fencer, represented United States at the Summer Olympics in 1960 and 1968
| United States ([[San Antonio]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Modern-Pentathlon/Features/2020/May/02/Double-Olympic-bronze-Medalist-Dr-Robert-Bob-Beck-Passes-at-83 |title=Tribute to Dr. Robert “Bob&quot; Beck, Olympic Pentathlon Medalist Passes at 83 |website=Team USA |date=May 2, 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Demain, Arnold}}[[Arnold Demain]]
|{{age|1927|4|26|2020|04|03}}
| Professor of Industrial Microbiology at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
| United States ([[Madison, New Jersey|Madison]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Arnold Demain Obituary |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/arnold-demain-obituary?pid=195885134 |website=[[Legacy.com]] |date = 6 April 2020|accessdate=27 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ecochard, Henri}}[[Henri Ecochard]]
|{{age|1923|4|24|2020|04|03}}
| Military officer
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=La mort d'Henri Ecochard, volontaire de la France libre |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2020/04/07/la-mort-d-henri-ecochard-volontaire-de-la-france-libre_6035880_3382.html |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |accessdate=15 April 2020 |language=fr |date=7 April 2020 |title=The death of Henri Ecochard, volunteer from Free France |first=Antoine |last=Flandrin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Glanzer, Bob}}[[Bob Glanzer]]
|{{age|1945|9|1|2020|04|03}}
| Member of the [[South Dakota House of Representatives]] (since 2017)
| United States ([[Sioux Falls, South Dakota|Sioux Falls]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ellis |first1=Jonathan |title=Coronavirus claims life of South Dakota lawmaker Bob Glanzer |url=https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/2020/04/03/coronavirus-claims-life-south-dakota-lawmaker/2912941001/ |newspaper=[[Argus Leader]] |accessdate=4 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hernando Contreras, Francisco}}[[Francisco Hernando Contreras]]
| 74
| Housing developer
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere por coronavirus Paco el Pocero, el famoso constructor de Seseña durante la burbuja inmobiliaria |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/4215767/0/muere-paco-pocero-coronavirus/ |accessdate=3 April 2020 |newspaper=[[20 minutos]] |date=3 April 2020 |language=es |title=Paco el Pocero, the famous builder of Seseña, dies of coronavirus during the housing bubble}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lescop, Marguerite}}[[Marguerite Lescop]]
|{{age|1915|11|08|2020|04|03}}
| Writer
| Canada ([[Longueuil]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;La Presse canadienne 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |agency=[[La Presse Canadienne]] |title=COVID-19: décès de l'écrivaine et conférencière Marguerite Lescop à 104 ans |magazine=[[L'actualité]] |date=8 April 2020 |url=https://lactualite.com/actualites/covid-19-deces-de-lecrivaine-et-conferenciere-marguerite-lescop-a-104-ans/ |language=fr |access-date=13 April 2020 |title=COVID-19: death of writer and speaker Marguerite Lescop at 104}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Prade, Hans}}[[Hans Prade]]
|{{age|1938|07|23|2020|04|03}}
| Surinamese ambassador to the Netherlands (1981–1982)
| Netherlands ([[Rotterdam]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.waterkant.net/suriname/2020/04/03/oud-voorzitter-rekenkamer-suriname-hans-prade-overleden/ |title=Oud-voorzitter Rekenkamer Suriname Hans Prade overleden |date=3 April 2020 |work=Waterkant |title=Former chairman of the Audit Chamber of Suriname Hans Prade passed away |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Quintana, Omar}}[[Omar Quintana]]
|{{age|1944|3|22|2020|04|03}}
| [[List of Presidents of the National Congress of Ecuador|President of the National Congress of Ecuador]] (2005)
| Ecuador (Guayaquil)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Omar Quintana, former president of Emelec, died |url=https://www.ecuavisa.com/articulo/estadio/nacional/587091-fallecio-omar-quintana-expresidente-emelec |website=[[Ecuavisa]] |accessdate=8 April 2020 |language=es |date=3 April 2020 |first=Roberth |last=Armijos |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407035755/https://www.ecuavisa.com/articulo/estadio/nacional/587091-fallecio-omar-quintana-expresidente-emelec |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Robinson, Tim}}[[Tim Robinson (cartographer)|Tim Robinson]]
| 85
| Writer and cartographer
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Author and cartographer Tim Robinson dies from coronavirus |url=https://www.rte.ie/culture/2020/0403/1128347-author-and-cartographer-tim-robinson-dies-from-coronavirus/ |publisher=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann]] |accessdate=3 April 2020 |date=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sönmez, Yusuf Kenan}}[[Yusuf Kenan Sönmez]]
|{{age in years|1948|2020}}
| Member of the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] (1987–1991)
| Turkey ([[Balıkesir]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Yusuf Kenan Sönmez kimdir? Yusuf Kenan Sönmez kaç yaşında ve nereli? |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/yusuf-kenan-sonmez-kimdir-yusuf-kenan-sonmez-kac-yasinda-ve-nereli-5723671/ |accessdate=3 April 2020 |newspaper=[[Sözcü]] |date=3 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411215841/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/yusuf-kenan-sonmez-kimdir-yusuf-kenan-sonmez-kac-yasinda-ve-nereli-5723671/ |archivedate=11 April 2020 |title=Who is Yusuf Kenan Sönmez? How old is Yusuf Kenan Sönmez and where is he from? |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Stringer-Cuevas, Arlene}}[[Arlene Stringer-Cuevas]]
|{{age|1933|09|25|2020|04|03}}
| Member of the [[New York City Council]] (1976–1977)
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Calder |first1=Rich |title=Comptroller Scott Stringer's mom dead from coronavirus |url=https://nypost.com/2020/04/03/comptroller-scott-stringers-mother-arlene-has-died-from-coronavirus/ |newspaper=[[New York Post]] |accessdate=5 April 2020 |date=3 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Benedict, Jay}}[[Jay Benedict]]
|{{age|1951|04|11|2020|04|04}}
| American actor
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jay Benedict, 'Emmerdale' and 'Aliens' actor, dies at 68 from COVID-19 |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6788932/jay-benedict-emmerdale-dead-coronavirus/ |website=[[Global News]] |accessdate=8 April 2020 |first=Adam |last=Wallis |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bodson, Philippe}}[[Philippe Bodson]]
|{{age|1944|11|2|2020|04|04}}
| Member of the [[Belgian senate|Senate]] (1999–2003)
| Belgium (Brussels)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Voormalig VBO-voorzitter Philippe Bodson overleden aan coronavirus
 |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2020/04/04/bodson-overleden/ |accessdate=4 April 2020 |work=[[Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie]] |date=4 April 2020 |language=nl |title=Former FEB chairman Philippe Bodson died of coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Compton, Forrest}}[[Forrest Compton]]
|{{age|1925|9|15|2020|04|04}}
| Actor
| United States ([[Shelter Island, New York|Shelter Island]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Update: Town announces the first deaths from coronavirus |url=https://shelterislandreporter.timesreview.com/2020/04/04/town-announces-the-first-deaths-from-coronavirus/ |newspaper=Shelter Island Reporter |accessdate=5 April 2020 |date=4 April 2020 |first=Ambrose |last=Clancy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dempsey, Tom}}[[Tom Dempsey]]
|{{age|1947|1|12|2020|04|04}}
| [[American football]] player
| United States (New Orleans)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2020/04/04/tom-dempsey-dies-73-coronavirus-battle/2950040001/|title=Tom Dempsey, former NFL record-setting kicker, dies at 73 after battle with coronavirus|first=Jace|last=Evans|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dor, Xavier}}[[Xavier Dor]]
|{{age|1929|1|30|2020|04|04}}
| Embryologist and anti-abortion activist
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reminder to God from Doctor Dor |url=https://www.riposte-catholique.fr/archives/155429 |website=Riposte Catholique |accessdate=5 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=4 April 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406100144/https://www.riposte-catholique.fr/archives/155429 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Farnum, Ken}}[[Ken Farnum]]
|{{age|1931|01|18|2020|04|04}}
| Barbadian-born Jamaican Olympic cyclist
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Nye |first1=Peter Joffre |title=Ken Farnum, Olympian and folk hero, dies at age 89 of COVID-19 |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ken-farnum-olympian-and-folk-hero-dies-at-age-89-of-covid-19/ |website=[[cyclingnews.com]] |accessdate=15 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Fenwick, Lila}}[[Lila Fenwick]]
|{{age|1932|05|24|2020|04|04}}
| Chief of the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]]
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Penelope |title=Lila Fenwick, Who Broke a Barrier at Harvard Law, Dies at 87 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/13/obituaries/lila-fenwick-dead-coronavirus.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2020 |date=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Francfort, Patrick}}[[Gibson Brothers|Patrick Francfort]]
|{{age|1957|02|23|2020|04|04}}
| Member of the [[Gibson Brothers]] and drummer 
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bétis |first1=Daniel |last2=Samyde |first2= Jean-Claude |title=Patrick Francfort Martinican drummer from 'Gibson Brothers' |url=https://www.archyde.com/patrick-francfort-martinican-drummer-from-gibson-brother/ |work=Archyde |accessdate=9 May 2020 |date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|González-Artigas, Carlos}}[[Carlos González-Artigas]]
| 72
| Businessman
| Ecuador (Guayaquil)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=García|first=Andrés|date=4 April 2020|title=Carlos González, executive president of La Fabril, died in Guayaquil, with suspicion of covid-19|language=es|newspaper=[[El Comercio (Ecuador)|El Comercio]]|url=https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/muerte-carlos-gonzalez-lafabril-covid19.html|accessdate=27 April 2020|archive-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511075824/https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/muerte-carlos-gonzalez-lafabril-covid19.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Islam, Muhammad Sirajul}}[[Muhammad Sirajul Islam]]
|{{age|1943|01|01|2020|04|04}}
| Member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (1973–1982)
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ex-Moulvibazar MP Sirajul Islam dies from coronavirus in US |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/ex-moulvibazar-mp-sirajul-islam-dies-from-coronavirus-in-us-1586066210 |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)]] |accessdate=5 April 2020 |date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Montgomery, Olan}}[[Olan Montgomery]]
|{{age|1963|4|12|2020|04|04}}
| Actor and artist
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.dealfuneraldirectors.com/obituary/Timothy-Montgomery |title=Timothy Olan Montgomery: April 12, 1963 – April 4, 2020 (Age 56) |work=Deal Funeral Directors |date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411042243/https://www.dealfuneraldirectors.com/obituary/Timothy-Montgomery |archive-date=11 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Moreau, Marcel}}[[Marcel Moreau]]
|{{age|1933|4|16|2020|04|04}}
| Belgian writer
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Décès de Marcel Moreau: un écrivain du débordement |url=https://plus.lesoir.be/292323/article/2020-04-04/deces-de-marcel-moreau-un-ecrivain-du-debordement |newspaper=[[Le Soir]] |accessdate=4 April 2020 |language=fr |date=4 April 2020 |title=Death of Marcel Moreau: a writer of overflow |first=Jean-Claude |last=Vantroyen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sebastianpillai, Anton}}[[Anton Sebastianpillai]]
| 75
| Doctor and author (writing as Anton Sebastian)
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC-52204509&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Doctor in his 70s dies at London hospital |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-52204509 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=8 April 2020 |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Thynn, Alexander}}[[Alexander Thynn, 7th Marquess of Bath]]
|{{age|1932|05|06|2020|04|04}}
| Member of the [[House of Lords]] (1992–1997)
| United Kingdom ([[Bath, Somerset|Bath]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC-52173794&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Lord Bath dies after contracting coronavirus |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-52173794 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=5 April 2020 |date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tobing, Naek L.}}[[Naek L. Tobing]]
|{{age|1940|08|14|2020|04|04}}
| Doctor
| Indonesia ([[Jakarta]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=6 April 2020|editor-last=Yunanto|editor-first=Reza|title=Meninggal Dunia, Naek L Tobing Positif Corona|title=Died, Naek L Tobing Positive Corona|url=https://bali.inews.id/berita/meninggal-dunia-naek-l-tobing-positif-corona|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=1 May 2020|work=[[iNews]]|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Wattenberg, Frida}}[[Frida Wattenberg]]
|{{age|1924|04|07|2020|04|04}}
| Member of the [[French resistance]]
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=10 April 2020|title=Frida Wattenberg, who smuggled orphans out of Nazi-occupied France, dies at 95|work=[[Jewish News]]|agency=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]|url=https://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/frida-wattenberg-who-smuggled-orphans-out-of-nazi-occupied-france-dies-at-95/|access-date=26 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Menchari, Leïla}}[[Leïla Menchari]]
|93
| Tunisian decorator and designer
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Friedman|first=Vanessa|date=6 April 2020|title=Leïla Menchari, Who Turned Store Windows Into Art, Dies at 93|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/obituaries/leila-menchari-dead-coronavirus.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=4 May 2020|website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Fierro, Lee}}[[Lee Fierro]]
| 91
| Actress
| United States ([[Akron, Ohio|Akron]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Lee Fierro, 'Jaws' Actress, Dies of Coronavirus Complications at 91 |url=https://www.etonline.com/lee-fierro-jaws-actress-dies-of-coronavirus-complications-at-91-144274 |work=[[Entertainment Tonight]] |accessdate=6 April 2020 |first=Zach |last=Seemayer |date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jibril, Mahmoud}}[[Mahmoud Jibril]]
|{{age|1952|05|28|2020|04|05}}
| Acting [[List of heads of government of Libya|Prime Minister of Libya]] (2011)
| Egypt ([[Cairo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=El-Tablawy |first1=Tarek |title=Former Libya Premier Jibril Dies in Cairo From Coronavirus |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-05/former-libya-premier-jibril-dies-in-cairo-from-coronavirus |accessdate=5 April 2020 |date=5 April 2020 |work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Laws, John }}[[John Laws (judge)|Sir John Laws]]
|{{age|1945|10|05|2020|04|05}}
| [[Court of Appeal judge (England and Wales)|Lord Justice of Appeal]] (1999–2016)
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Booth |first1=Robert |title=Retired judge and Cummings' uncle Sir John Laws dies after contracting Covid-19 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2020/apr/05/retired-senior-judge-sir-john-laws-dies-after-contracting-coronavirus |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=5 April 2020 |date=5 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Parisse, Michel}}[[Michel Parisse]]
|{{age|1936|05|01|2020|04|05}}
| French historian
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|last=Gazeau|first=Véronique|date=6 April 2020|title=Michel Parisse est mort|title=Michel Parisse is dead|url=https://www.lhistoire.fr/hommage/michel-parisse-est-mort|magazine=[[L'Histoire]]|language=fr|accessdate=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Aylon, Helène}}[[Helène Aylon]]
|{{age|1931|02|04|2020|04|06}}
| Ecofeminist artist
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last1=Greenberger |first1=Alex |title=Helène Aylon, Eco-Feminist Artist Who Pondered Change, Is Dead at 89 of Coronavirus-Related Causes |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/helene-aylon-dead-coronavirus-1202683365/ |magazine=[[ARTnews]] |accessdate=8 April 2020 |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Benet i Jornet, Josep Maria}}[[Josep Maria Benet i Jornet]]
|{{age|1940|06|20|2020|04|06}}
| Playwright and screenwriter
| Spain ([[Lleida]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Cervera |first1=Marta |title=Muere Benet i Jornet, faro de la dramaturgia catalana contemporánea |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20200406/benet-jornet-muere-coronavirus-7918764 |newspaper=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |accessdate=6 April 2020 |language=ca |date=6 April 2020 |title=Benet i Jornet, a beacon of contemporary Catalan drama, dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cortina, Alfonso}}[[Alfonso Cortina]]
|{{age|1944|03|13|2020|04|06}}
| President of [[Repsol YPF]] (1996–2004)
| Spain ([[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muere Alfonso Cortina, expresidente de Repsol, por coronavirus |url=https://www.abc.es/economia/abci-muere-expresidente-repsol-alfonso-cortina-coronavirus-202004061044_noticia.html |newspaper=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]] |accessdate=6 April 2020 |date=6 April 2020 |title=Alfonso Cortina, former president of Repsol, dies of coronavirus |language=es |first=Javier |last=González Navarro}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kanchibhotla, Brahm}}[[Brahm Kanchibhotla]]
|{{age|1953|09|13|2020|04|06}}
| Journalist
| United States ([[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Covid-19: Indian-origin journalist dies in New York hospital; PM Modi says he is deeply anguished |url=https://scroll.in/latest/958577/covid-19-indian-origin-journalist-dies-in-new-york-hospital-pm-modi-says-he-is-deeply-anguished |website=[[Scroll.in]] |accessdate=8 April 2020 |date=8 April 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Le Brun, Jacques}}[[Jacques Le Brun]]
|{{age|1931|05|18|2020|04|06}}
| French historian
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Coronavirus: décès de l'historien Jacques Le Brun |url=https://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/coronavirus-deces-de-lhistorien-jacques-le-brun |magazine=Livres Hebdo |accessdate=6 April 2020 |language=fr |title=Coronavirus: death of historian Jacques Le Brun |date=6 April 2020 |first=Nicolas |last=Turcev}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Steiner, Mark}}[[Mark Steiner]]
|{{age|1942|05|06|2020|04|06}}
| American-born mathematician and professor of Philosophy at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]
| Israel ([[Jerusalem]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Weinberg |first1=Justin |title=Mark Steiner (1942–2020) |url=https://dailynous.com/2020/04/06/mark-steiner-1942-2020/ |website=[[Daily Nous]] |accessdate=6 April 2020 |date=6 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sulyk, Stephen}}[[Stephen Sulyk]]
|{{age|1924|10|02|2020|04|06}}
| |[[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Catholic]] [[Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia|Archeparch emeritus of Philadelphia]]
| United States ([[Voorhees Township, New Jersey|Voorhees Township]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Retired Ukrainian Archbishop Sulyk of Phila. dies of COVID-19 |url=https://catholicphilly.com/2020/04/news/local-news/retired-ukrainian-archbishop-sulyk-of-phila-dies-of-covid-19/ |accessdate=7 April 2020 |work=Catholic Philly |date=7 April 2020 |publisher=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tatary, Riay}}[[Riay Tatary]]
| 72
| Chairman of the [[Islamic Commission of Spain]] (since 2016)
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.madridiario.es/fallece-riay-tatary-presidente-comision-islamica|newspaper=Madridiario|date=6 April 2020|title=Fallece Riay Tatary, presidente de la Comisión Islámica de España, víctima del Covid-19|title=Riay Tatary, president of the Islamic Commission of Spain, victim of Covid-19 dies |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mair-Clarke, Adlin}}[[Adlin Mair-Clarke]]
|{{age|1941|11|15|2020|04|06}}
| Athlete specializing in hurdles and sprinting, represented Jamaica at the Olympic Games in 1964 and 1968
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/72223 |title=Adlin Mair-Clarke |website=Olympedia |date= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chappot, Roger}}[[Roger Chappot]]
|{{age|1940|10|17|2020|04|07}}
| Olympic ice hockey player
| Switzerland
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Swiss hockey great Chappot dies due to virus |url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/hockey/story/_/id/29007900/swiss-hockey-great-roger-chappot-dies-due-covid-19 |website=[[ESPN India]] |accessdate=8 April 2020 |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chaudenson, Robert}}[[Robert Chaudenson]]
|{{age|1937|04|12|2020|04|07}}
| Linguist
| France ([[Aix-en-Provence]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Robert Chaudenson, le défenseur du Créole Réunionnais, a succombé au Covid-19 |url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/robert-chaudenson-a-succombe-au-covid-19-820596.html |website=[[La Première (French TV network)|Réunion la 1ère]] |accessdate=7 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |title=Robert Chaudenson, the defender of Reunion Creole, succumbs to Covid-19 |first=Géraldine |last=Blandin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cochet, Jean-Laurent}}[[Jean-Laurent Cochet]]
|{{age|1935|01|28|2020|04|07}}
| Actor and director
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Le grand homme de théâtre Jean-Laurent Cochet est mort à 85 ans |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/cinema/le-grand-homme-de-theatre-jean-laurent-cochet-professeur-de-fabrice-luchini-et-de-gerard-depardieu-est-mort-a-85-ans_3903769.html |website=[[France Info (TV channel)]] |accessdate=7 April 2020 |date=7 April 2020 |title=The great theater man Jean-Laurent Cochet died at 85 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Frémontier, Jacques}}[[Jacques Frémontier]]
|{{age|1930|5|8|2020|04|07}}
| Journalist and television producer
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=La mort de Jacques Frémontier, journaliste et écrivain |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2020/04/14/la-mort-de-jacques-fremontier-journaliste-et-ecrivain_6036568_3382.html |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=10 May 2020 |title=The death of Jacques Frémontier, journalist and writer |language=fr |first=Cécile |last=Guilbert}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Garfield, Allen}}[[Allen Garfield]]
|{{age|1939|11|22|2020|04|07}}
| Actor
| United States (Los Angeles)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Allen Garfield, Actor in 'The Conversation,' 'The Stunt Man' and 'Nashville,' Dies at 80 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/allen-garfield-dead-actor-conversation-stunt-man-nashville-was-80-1289151 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |accessdate=8 April 2020 |first=Mike |last=Barnes |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Graff, Henry}}[[Henry Graff]]
|{{age|1921|08|11|2020|04|07}}
| Historian
| United States (Greenwich)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Sam |title=Henry F. Graff, Columbia Historian of Presidents, Dies at 98 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/books/henry-f-graff-columbia-historian-of-presidents-dies-at-98.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=16 April 2020 |date=15 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Groner, Leib}}[[Leib Groner]]
|{{age|1931|04|25|2020|04|07}}
| [[Chabad-Lubavitch]] Rabbi
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rabbi Yehuda Leib Groner, 88, OBM |url=https://collive.com/rabbi-yehuda-leib-groner-88-obm/ |website=COLlive |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hudeidi}}[[Hudeidi]]
| {{age|1930|04|15|2020|04|07}}
| Traditional Somali Musician
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Somalia: Legendary musician succumbs to COVID-19 in London |url=https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalia-legendary-musician-succumbs-to-covid-19-in-london |publisher=[[Garowe Online]] |accessdate=8 April 2020 |date=8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kazaryan, Mishik}}[[Mishik Kazaryan]]
|{{age|1948|02|28|2020|04|07}}
| Armenian-born physicist
| Russia (Moscow)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Профессор-физик Мишик Казарян умер в Москве от осложнений COVID-19 |url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/30537605.html |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |accessdate=7 April 2020 |language=ru |title=Physicist professor Mishik Ghazaryan died in Moscow from complications of COVID-19 |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kren, Jan}}[[Jan Křen]]
|{{age|1930|08|22|2020|04|07}}
| Historian, academic and dissident
| Czech Republic ([[Prague]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;ir&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Zemřel historik Jan Křen. S nemocí covid-19 se léčil v Nemocnici Na Bulovce  |url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/veda-technologie/veda/jan-kren-zemrel-historik_2004071856_cen |work=[[Czech Radio|iROZHLAS]] |date=7 April 2020 |accessdate=10 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407210307/https://www.irozhlas.cz/veda-technologie/veda/jan-kren-zemrel-historik_2004071856_cen |archivedate=7 April 2020 |title=Historian Jan Křen has died. He was treated for covid-19 at Na Bulovce Hospital |language=cs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lewis, John Percy Leon}}[[John Percy Leon Lewis]]
|{{age|1943|02|13|2020|04|07}}
| Military officer
| Guyana ([[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Col. John Lewis succumbs to COVID-19 |url=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2020/04/09/news/guyana/col-john-lewis-succumbs-to-covid-19/ |newspaper=[[Stabroek News]] |accessdate=20 April 2020 |date=9 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Matthews, Roger}}[[Roger Matthews (criminologist)|Roger Matthews]]
|{{age|1948|08|14|2020|04|07}}
| British professor of Criminology at the [[University of Kent]]
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Bindel|first=Julie|date=21 April 2020|title=Roger Matthews obituary|website=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2020/apr/21/roger-matthews-obituary|accessdate=21 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Perlow, Yaakov}}[[Yaakov Perlow]]
| 89
| Hasidic rabbi
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kornbluh |first1=Jacob |title=Agudath Israel leader succumbs to coronavirus |url=https://jewishinsider.com/2020/04/agudath-israel-leader-succumbs-to-coronavirus/ |website=[[Jewish Insider]] |accessdate=7 April 2020 |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Prine, John}}[[John Prine]]
|{{age|1946|10|10|2020|04|07}}
| Singer and songwriter
| United States (Nashville)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;nyt-obit-grimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Grimes |first1=William |authorlink=William Grimes (journalist) |title=John Prine, Who Chronicled the Human Condition in Song, Dies at 73 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/arts/music/john-prine-dead.html |accessdate=8 April 2020 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Read, Nipper}}[[Nipper Read]]
|{{age|1925|03|31|2020|04|07}}
| British police officer and boxing administrator
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Dodd |first1=Vikram |title=Detective who jailed Kray twins dies 'after contracting coronavirus' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/apr/07/leonard-nipper-read-detective-who-jailed-kray-twins-dies-after-contracting-coronavirus |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=7 April 2020 |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sabia, Donato}}[[Donato Sabia]]
|{{age|1963|09|11|2020|04|08}}
| Olympic middle-distance runner
| Italy ([[Potenza]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Piccioni |first1=Valerio |title=Il coronavirus stronca Sabia, due volte finalista olimpico negli 800 metri |url=https://www.gazzetta.it/Atletica/08-04-2020/coronavirus-stronca-sabia-due-volte-finalista-olimpico-800-metri-37052071866.shtml |newspaper=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]] |accessdate=8 April 2020 |date=8 April 2020 |title=The coronavirus strona Sabia, two-time Olympic finalist in the 800 meters |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Scully, Tom}}[[Tom Scully (football manager)|Tom Scully]]
| 89
| Priest and [[Gaelic football|football]] manager
| Ireland ([[Dublin]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/sport/columnists/paul-rouse-belief-central-to-fr-tom-scullys-sermon-to-the-faithful-993711.html|title=Belief central to Fr Tom Scully's sermon to the Faithful|newspaper=[[Irish Examiner]]|first=Paul|last=Rouse|date=13 April 2020|accessdate=16 April 2020|quote=Fr Tom was less than a week in hospital, pulled down by the Covid-19 virus a month short of his 90th birthday.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tábet, Miguel Ángel}}[[Miguel Ángel Tábet]]
|{{age|1941|12|24|2020|04|08}}
| Venezuelan theologian and [[exegete]]
| Italy (Rome)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ambrogetti |first1=Angela |title=Coronavirus, il primo sacerdote muore a Roma, il venezuelano Miguel Ángel Tábet |url=https://www.acistampa.com/story/coronavirus-il-primo-sacerdote-muore-a-roma-il-venezuelano-miguel-angel-tabet-13852 |website=ACI Stampa |accessdate=12 April 2020 |title=Coronavirus, the first priest dies in Rome, the Venezuelan Miguel Ángel Tábet |date=8 April 2020 |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tremblay, Ghyslain}}[[Ghyslain Tremblay]]
|{{age|1951|04|29|2020|04|07}}
| Actor and comedian
| Canada ([[Montreal]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Le comédien Ghyslain Tremblay emporté par la COVID-19 {{!}} Coronavirus |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1692245/ghyslain-tremblay-acteur-mort |website=[[Radio Canada]] |accessdate=21 April 2020 |language=fr-ca |title=Comedian Ghyslain Tremblay carried away by COVID-19 {{!}} Coronavirus |date=8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Willner, Hal}}[[Hal Willner]]
|{{age|1956|04|05|2020|04|07}}
| Music producer
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last1=Willman |first1=Chris |title=Hal Willner, Music Producer and 'SNL' Veteran, Dies of Coronavirus at 64 |url=https://variety.com/2020/music/obituaries-people-news/hal-willner-dead-dies-music-producer-saturday-night-live-1234573202/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=7 April 2020 |date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Benitez-McCollum, Leila}}[[Leila Benitez-McCollum]]
| 89
| Filipino-American television and radio host
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=TV, radio icon Leila Benitez-McCollum dies of COVID-19 complications in New York |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2020/4/9/Leila-Benitez-McCollum-COVID-19.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |accessdate=12 April 2020 |first=Edmund |last=Silvestre |date=9 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412160406/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2020/4/9/Leila-Benitez-McCollum-COVID-19.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Carroll, Robert L.}}[[Robert L. Carroll]]
|{{age|1938|05|05|2020|04|08}}
| American-Canadian vertebrate paleontologist and director of the [[Redpath Museum]] (1985–1991)
| Canada (Montreal)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Remembering the life of Robert Lynn Carroll 1938 – 2020 |url=https://montrealgazette.remembering.ca/obituary/robert-lynn-carroll-1079012578 |newspaper=[[The Gazette (Montreal)]] |accessdate=24 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Fox, Martin S.}}[[Martin S. Fox]]
|{{age|1924|06|07|2020|04|08}}
| American publisher
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Martin S. Fox |url=https://www.mvtimes.com/2020/04/15/martin-s-fox/ |website=The Martha's Vineyard Times |accessdate=2 May 2020 |date=15 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jones, Miguel}}[[Miguel Jones]]
|{{age|1938|10|27|2020|04|08}}
| Footballer
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere por coronavirus Miguel Jones, otra leyenda del Atlético de Madrid|title=Another Atlético Madrid legend, Miguel Jones, dies of coronavirus |url=https://www.elmundo.es/deportes/futbol/primera-division/2020/04/08/5e8df84ffc6c8305278b45e4.html |accessdate=8 April 2020 |newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)]] |agency=EFE |date=8 April 2020 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Juskiewicz, Bernie}}[[Bernie Juskiewicz]]
|{{age|1943|04|06|2020|04|08}}
| Member of the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] (2013–2019)
| United States ([[Vermont]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://vtdigger.org/2020/04/09/former-state-rep-bernie-juskiewicz-dies-of-coronavirus/|title=Former state rep Bernie Juskiewicz dies of coronavirus|first=Elizabeth|last=Hewitt|date=9 April 2020|website=VTDigger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|La Rosa, Francesco}}[[Francesco La Rosa]]
|{{age|1926|12|09|2020|04|08}}
| Footballer
| Italy (Milan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Gianni |first1=Andrea |title=From Serie A to death at Pat: farewell to Francesco La Rosa |url=https://www.ilgiorno.it/milano/cronaca/morto-la-rosa-1.5100371 |newspaper=[[Il Giorno (newspaper)|Il Giorno]] |accessdate=12 April 2020 |language=it |date=9 April 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411062410/https://www.ilgiorno.it/milano/cronaca/morto-la-rosa-1.5100371 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Madelin, Henri}}[[Henri Madelin]]
|{{age|1936|04|26|2020|04|08}}
|[[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest and theologian
| France (Lille)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Catholicisme/France/Le-jesuite-Henri-Madelin-decede-2020-04-08-1201088435|title=Le jésuite Henri Madelin est décédé|date=8 April 2020|newspaper=[[La Croix]]|language=fr|title=The Jesuit Henri Madelin has died|first=Claire|last=Lesegretain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|May, Rick}}[[Rick May]]
|{{age|1940|09|21|2020|04|08}}
|Canadian-American voice actor and theatrical performer, director and teacher
| United States (Seattle)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Chalk |first=Andy |date=13 April 2020 |title=Rick May, voice of the Soldier in Team Fortress 2, has died |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/rick-may-voice-of-the-soldier-in-team-fortress-2-dies/ |work=[[PC Gamer]] |accessdate=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bagala, Reggie}}[[Reggie Bagala]]
|{{age|1965|07|08|2020|04|09}}
| Member of the [[Louisiana House of Representatives]] (since 2020)
| United States ([[Raceland, Louisiana|Raceland]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Vargas |first1=Ramon Antonio |title=Louisiana lawmaker Reggie Bagala dies amid battle with coronavirus at age 54 |url=https://www.nola.com/news/coronavirus/article_1b719610-7ab6-11ea-9ec8-0f29eb03c71b.html |newspaper=[[The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate]] |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=9 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Engels, Marc}}[[Marc Engels]]
| 54
| Belgian sound engineer
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Coronavirus : Marc Engels, ingénieur du son pour &quot; Le Bureau des légendes &quot;, est mort |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/coronavirus-marc-engels-ingenieur-du-son-pour-le-bureau-des-legendes-est-mort-10-04-2020-2370863_3.php |magazine=[[Le Point]] |accessdate=10 April 2020 |language=fr |date=10 April 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Marc Engels, sound engineer for &quot;Le Bureau des légendes (The Office of Legends)&quot;, is dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Goldstein, Harvey}}[[Harvey Goldstein]]
|{{age|1939|10|30|2020|04|09}}
| British statistician
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Browne|first1=William|last2=Leckie|first2=George|title=Harvey Goldstein |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cmm/team/hg/ |publisher=[[University of Bristol]] |accessdate=14 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ho, Kam Ming}}[[Ho Kam Ming]]
| 95
| Macanese-born Canadian martial artist
| Canada ([[Toronto]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://sports.sina.com.cn/others/freefight/2020-04-11/doc-iirczymi5717616.shtml |title= 咏春名家何金铭感染新冠逝世 系叶问十大弟子之一 |work=[[Sina Sports]] |date=11 April 2020 |accessdate=11 April 2020 |language=zh |trans-title=One of the top ten disciples of Ye Wen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Marchais, Liliane}}[[Liliane Marchais]]
| {{age|1935|08|24|2020|04|09}}
| Activist
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/politique/coronavirus-liliane-marchais-veuve-de-georges-marchais-et-figure-du-pcf-est-morte-1586489704|title=Liliane Marchais, figure du PCF et veuve de Georges Marchais, est morte du coronavirus|last1=Tescher|first1=Léo|newspaper=[[France Bleu]]|date=10 April 2020|access-date=10 May 2020|language=fr|trans-title=Liliane Marchais, member of the French Communist Party and widow of Georges Marchais, died from Coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Méresse, David}}[[David Méresse]]
| {{age|1931|02|16|2020|04|09}}
| French footballer and coach
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.lavoixdunord.fr/738578/article/2020-04-09/cambrai-ancien-joueur-entraineur-et-dirigeant-de-l-acc-david-meresse-s-est|title=Cambrai: ancien joueur, entraîneur et dirigeant de l'ACC, David Méresse s'est éteint ce mercredi|last=Demeulenaere|first=Bruno|newspaper=[[La Voix du Nord (daily)]]|date=9 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020|language=fr|trans-title=Cambrai: former ACC player, coach and manager, David Minterest died on Wednesday}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Nurse, Lee}}[[Lee Nurse]]
|{{age|1976|12|24|2020|04|09}}
| Cricketer
| United Kingdom ([[Basingstoke]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Tributes paid after former Basingstoke cricketer dies from Covid-19 |url=https://www.basingstokegazette.co.uk/news/18373179.tributes-paid-former-basingstoke-cricketer-dies-covid-19/ |newspaper=[[Basingstoke Gazette]] |accessdate=19 April 2020 |first=Emily |last=Roberts |date=10 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sapienza, Vitor}}[[Vitor Sapienza]]
| {{age|1933|12|16|2020|04|09}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of São Paulo]] (1987–2019)
| Brazil (São Paulo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-deputado estadual Vitor Sapienza morre aos 86 anos de coronavírus em SP |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2020/04/09/ex-deputado-estadual-vitor-sapienza-morre-aos-86-anos-em-sp-diz-alesp.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=3 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former State Deputy Vitor Sapienza dies at 86, from COVID-19 in São Paulo |date=9 April 2020 |first1=Roberta |last1=Giacomoni}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Smirnov, Dmitri}}[[Dmitri Smirnov (composer)|Dmitri Smirnov]]
|{{age|1948|11|02|2020|04|09}}
| Russian-born British composer
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Скончался композитор Дмитрий Смирнов |url=https://www.classicalmusicnews.ru/news/dmitrij-smirnov-passed/ |website=ClassicalMusicNews.Ru |accessdate=9 April 2020 |language=ru-RU |date=9 April 2020 |trans-title=The composer Dmitry Smirnov died}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-04-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chadirji, Rifat}}[[Rifat Chadirji]]
|93
|Iraqi architect, photographer and activist
|United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://middle-east-online.com/en/iraqi-architect-rifat-chadirji-dies-covid-19|title=Iraqi architect Rifat Chadirji dies of COVID-19|date=11 April 2020|website=Middle East Online|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Flinkevleugel, Frits}}[[Frits Flinkevleugel]]
| 80
| Footballer
| Netherlands ([[Amsterdam]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Oud-international Frits Flinkevleugel (80) overleden |url=https://www.ad.nl/nederlands-voetbal/oud-international-frits-flinkevleugel-80-overleden~a62b6bfb/ |newspaper=[[Algemeen Dagblad]] |accessdate=16 April 2020 |language=nl |date=10 April 2020 |trans-title=Former international Frits Flinkevleugel (80) passed away}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-04-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jefferies, Ceybil}}[[Ceybil Jefferies]]
| {{age in years|1962|2020}}
|[[House music|House]] and R&amp;B vocalist
|United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=vibe&gt;{{cite news |first=Desire |last=Thompson |title=Vocalist Ceybil Jefferies, Also Known As Sweet Sable, Has Died From Coronavirus |url=https://www.vibe.com/2020/04/vocalist-ceybil-jefferies-sweet-sable-died-from-coronavirus-obituary |magazine=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]  |date=13 April 2020 |accessdate=25 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420064955/https://www.vibe.com/2020/04/vocalist-ceybil-jefferies-sweet-sable-died-from-coronavirus-obituary |archivedate=20 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lundquist, Marianne}}[[Marianne Lundquist]]
| {{age|1931|07|24|2020|04|10}}
| Olympic swimmer
| Sweden (Stockholm)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Marianne och Kjell dog i corona på äldreboende |url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/coronaviruset/gifta-i-65-ar-marianne-och-kjell-dog-i-corona/ |newspaper=[[Expressen]] |accessdate=28 April 2020 |language=sv |trans-title=Marianne and Kjell died in corona on the elderly}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Múgica, Enrique}}[[Enrique Múgica]]
| 88
| [[Spanish Ombudsman|Ombudsman of Spain]] (2000–2010), [[Ministry of Justice (Spain)|Minister of Justice]] (1988–1991) and Member of the [[Congress of Deputies]] (1977–2000)
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Muere Enrique Múgica, ex ministro de justicia del PSOE |url=https://www.larazon.es/espana/20200410/rwmiyi3pwfan5oejpni4jb6p7m.html |newspaper=[[La Razón (Madrid)|La Razón]] |accessdate=10 April 2020 |language=es |date=10 April 2020 |trans-title=Coronavirus: Enrique Múgica, former Minister of Justice of the PSOE, dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mulder, Bas}}[[Bas Mulder]]
| 88
| Dutch-Surinamese priest
| Netherlands ([[Boxmeer]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.dbsuriname.com/2020/04/11/bas-mulder-een-voorbeeld/|title=&quot;Bas Mulder&quot;, een voorbeeld…|date=11 April 2020|newspaper=[[Dagblad Suriname]]|trans-title=&quot;Bas Mulder&quot;, an example...|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Plange-Rhule, Jacob}}[[Jacob Plange-Rhule]]
| 62
| Rector of the [[Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons]] (since 2015)
| Ghana ([[Accra]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=an&gt;{{cite news |title=Africa's top coronavirus deaths: Professor Jacob Plange-Rhule: Ghana loses renowned physician  |url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/04/20/africa-s-prominent-coronavirus-deaths/ |work=[[Africanews]]  |date=20 April 2020 |accessdate=24 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421052446/https://www.africanews.com/2020/04/20/africa-s-prominent-coronavirus-deaths/ |archivedate=21 April 2020 |first=Abdur Rahman Alfa |last=Shaban}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Zavala, Iris M.}}[[Iris M. Zavala]]
|{{age|1936|12|27|2020|04|10}}
| Puerto Rican author, independence activist and intellectual
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere la escritora puertorriqueña Iris Zavala por coronavirus en España |url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/cultura/nota/muerelaescritorapuertorriquenairiszavalaporcoronavirusenespana-2560342/ |newspaper=[[El Nuevo Dia]] |accessdate=12 April 2020 |language=es-pr |date=11 April 2020 |trans-title=Puerto Rican writer Iris Zavala dies from coronavirus in Spain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Barrington-Ward, Simon}}[[Simon Barrington-Ward]]
| {{age|1930|05|27|2020|04|11}}
| Member of the [[House of Lords]] (1991–1997) and [[Bishop of Coventry]] (1985–1997)
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 May 2020 |title=The Right Reverend Simon Barrington-Ward, well-liked Bishop of Coventry – obituary  |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2020/05/19/right-reverend-simon-barrington-ward-well-liked-bishop-coventry/ |access-date=21 May 2020 |issn=0307-1235}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Châtelain, Hélène}}[[Hélène Châtelain]]
|{{age|1935|12|28|2020|4|11}}
| French actress and director 
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |lang=fr |first=Jean-Michel |last=Frodon |title=Hélène Châtelain et Sarah Maldoror, deux femmes engagées sont parties |url=http://www.slate.fr/story/189588/coronavirus-epidemie-helene-chatelain-sarah-maldoror-deux-femmes-realisatrices-deces |magazine=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]| date=15 April 2020 |access-date=9 May 2020 |trans-title=Hélène Châtelain and Sarah Maldoror, two committed women left}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chera, Stanley}}[[Stanley Chera]]
|{{age|1942|10|22|2020|04|11}}
| Real estate executive
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last1=Samtani |first1=Hiten |last2=Bockmann |first2=Rich |title=Stanley Chera, titan of NYC retail, dies of coronavirus |url=https://therealdeal.com/2020/04/11/stanley-chera-titan-of-nyc-retail-dies-of-covid-19/ |magazine=[[The Real Deal (magazine)|The Real Deal]] |accessdate=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412013812/https://therealdeal.com/2020/04/11/stanley-chera-titan-of-nyc-retail-dies-of-covid-19/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Conway, John}}[[John Horton Conway]]
|{{age|1937|12|26|2020|04|11}}
| British mathematician
| United States ([[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/technology/john-horton-conway-dead-coronavirus.html |title=John Horton Conway, a 'Magical Genius' in Math, Dies at 82 |first=Siobhan |last=Roberts |date=15 April 2020 |accessdate=4 May 2020 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Handman, Wynn}}[[Wynn Handman]]
|{{age|1922|05|19|2020|04|11}}
| Artistic director
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Gerard |first1=Jeremy |title=Wynn Handman, co-founder of the American Place Theatre, dies at 97 |url=https://broadwaynews.com/2020/04/12/wynn-handman-co-founder-of-the-american-place-theatre-dies-at-97/ |website=Broadway News |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Wise, Gillian}}[[Gillian Wise]]
|{{age|1936|2|16|2020|4|11}}
| English abstract artist
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |first=Charles |last=Darwent |title=Gillian Wise obituary |url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/apr/29/gillian-wise-obituary |work=[[The Guardian]]| date=29 April 2020 |access-date=10 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Aritmendi, Francisco}}[[Francisco Aritmendi]]
|{{age|1938|9|17|2020|04|12}}
| Olympic long-distance runner
| Spain ([[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.runnersworld.com/es/noticias-running/a32123167/muere-exatleta-francisco-aritmendi-coronavirus/|title=Muere el exatleta Francisco Aritmendi a los 81 años por coronavirus |accessdate=25 April 2020 |date=13 April 2020 |magazine=[[Runner's World]] |trans-title=Former athlete Francisco Aritmendi dies at 81 from coronavirus |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Arrowsmith, Brian}}[[Brian Arrowsmith]]
|{{age|1940|7|2|2020|04|12}}
| British footballer and manager
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Coronavirus claims life of football legend |url=https://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/news/18383091.coronavirus-claims-life-kendal-football-legend/ |newspaper=[[The Westmorland Gazette]] |accessdate=30 April 2020 |first=Greg |last=Lambert |date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bakshi-Doron, Eliyahu}}[[Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron]]
| 79
| [[Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel]] (1993–2003)
| Israel (Jerusalem)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/former-rishon-lezion-rabbi-eliyahu-bakshi-doron-dies-of-coronavirus-624465|title=Former Chief Sephardic Rabbi Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron dies of coronavirus|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|first=Tamar|last=Beeri|date=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Barrier, Maurice}}[[Maurice Barrier]]
|{{age|1932|6|8|2020|04|12}}
|Actor and singer
|France ([[Montbard]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Le comédien Maurice Barrier est mort des suites du coronavirus |url=https://www.info-chalon.com/articles/cinema/2020/04/13/43750/le-comedien-maurice-barrier-est-mort-des-suites-du-coronavirus/ |website=Info Chalon |accessdate=15 April 2020 |language=fr |first=Laurent |last=Guillaumé |date=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Beauchamp, Claude}}[[Claude Beauchamp]]
|80
|Editor and journalist
|Canada (Montreal)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://plus.lapresse.ca/screens/65bd9ac6-913b-4d46-b363-c272cddb7cb7__7C___0.html|title=Merci, monsieur Beauchamp|last=Grammond|first=Stéphanie|date=14 April 2020|newspaper=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]|language=fr|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 April 2020 |trans-title=Thank you, Mr. Beauchamp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Brooke-Taylor, Tim}}[[Tim Brooke-Taylor]]
|{{age|1940|7|17|2020|04|12}}
| Comedian
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tim Brooke-Taylor dead: Comedian and actor dies aged 79 after contracting coronavirus |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/tim-brooketaylor-dead-dies-79-coronavirus-a4412831.html |website=[[London Evening Standard]] |accessdate=12 April 2020 |first=Stephanie |last=Cockroft |date=12 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Falla, Victor Batista}}[[Victor Batista Falla]]
| 87
| Editor and publisher
| Cuba ([[Havana]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mort à La Havane de Victor Batista Falla, mécène de la littérature cubaine |url=https://www.actualitte.com/article/monde-edition/mort-a-la-havane-de-victor-batista-falla-mecene-de-la-litterature-cubaine/100229 |website=ActuaLitté |accessdate=16 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |trans-title=Death in Havana of Victor Batista Falla, patron of Cuban literature |first=Victor |last=De Sepausy |date=14 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Manaranche, André}}[[André Manaranche]]
| {{age|1927|01|08|2020|04|12}}
| Jesuit priest and theologian
| France (Lille)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DIRECT. Covid-19 : le bourdon de Notre-Dame va sonner à 20h |url=https://fr.aleteia.org/2020/03/12/direct-coronavirus-eglises-messes-priere/ |newspaper=[[Aleteia]] |accessdate=16 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=12 March 2020 |trans-title=DIRECT. Covid-19 : the bourdon de Notre-Dame will ring at 8 p.m.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Reed, Joel M.}}[[Joel M. Reed]]
| {{age|1933|12|20|2020|04|12}}
| Filmmaker and screenwriter
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.horrorgeeklife.com/2020/04/14/bloodsucking-freaks-director-joel-m-reed-dies-at-86/|title='Blood Sucking Freaks' Director Joel M. Reed Dies at 86|first=Jeremy|last=Dick|date=14 April 2020|access-date=15 April 2020|work=Horror Geek Life}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ruiz Sacristán, Jaime}}[[Jaime Ruiz Sacristán]]
| {{age|1949|10|27|2020|04|12}}
| Chairman of the [[Mexican Stock Exchange]] (since 2015)
| Mexico ([[Mexico City]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=ec&gt;{{cite news |title=Fallece Jaime Ruiz Sacristán, presidente de la BMV |url=https://elceo.com/mercados/fallece-jaime-ruiz-sacristan-presidente-de-la-bmv/ |work=El CEO  |date=12 April 2020 |accessdate=3 May 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503010756/https://elceo.com/mercados/fallece-jaime-ruiz-sacristan-presidente-de-la-bmv/ |archivedate=3 May 2020 |trans-title=Jaime Ruiz Sacristán, president of the BMV, dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Seco Serrano, Carlos}}[[Carlos Seco Serrano]]
|{{age|1923|11|14|2020|04|12}}
| Historian
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20200412/48447257097/muere-carlos-seco-serrano.html|title=Fallece Carlos Seco Serrano, maestro de la Historia de España|accessdate=12 April 2020|last=Vila-SanJuán|first=Sergio|date=12 April 2020|newspaper=[[La Vanguardia]]|location=Barcelona|language=es|trans-title=Carlos Seco Serrano, teacher of the History of Spain, dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tohow, Khalif Mumin}}[[Khalif Mumin Tohow]]
| 58
| Minister of Justice of [[Hirshabelle State]] (since 2017)
| Somalia ([[Mogadishu]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;aje&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=12 April 2020|title=Somali state minister dies from coronavirus|work=|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|agency=[[Anadolu Agency]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/somali-state-minister-dies-coronavirus-200412144610362.html|accessdate=23 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420032423/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/somali-state-minister-dies-coronavirus-200412144610362.html|archivedate=20 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Wembé, Samuel}}[[Samuel Wembé]]
|{{age|1947|01|01|2020|04|12}}
| Member of the [[National Assembly (Cameroon)|National Assembly]] (1983–1987)
| Cameroon ([[Douala]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Coronavirus – Mort de Samuel Wembe, homme d'affaires, administrateur de la FECAFOOT et ex président de Racing club de Bafoussam |url=https://actucameroun.com/2020/04/12/coronavirus-mort-de-samuel-wembe-homme-daffaires-administrateur-de-la-fecafoot-et-ex-president-de-racing-club-de-bafoussam/ |website=Actu Cameroun |accessdate=14 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=12 April 2020 |trans-title=Coronavirus – Death of Samuel Wembe, businessman, administrator of FECAFOOT and ex-president of Racing club de Bafoussam |first=Pascal |last=Ango'o}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-04-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bholasing, Kishen}}[[Kishen Bholasing]]
|{{age|1984|08|03|2020|04|12}}
|Surinamese singer and percussionist
|Netherlands (Amsterdam)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dbsuriname.com/2020/04/12/kishan-bholasing-verruilt-het-tijdelijke-voor-het-eeuwige/|title=Kishen Bholasing verruilt het tijdelijke voor het eeuwige|date=12 April 2020|newspaper=[[Dagblad Suriname]]|language=nl|access-date=17 April 2020|trans-title=Kishen Bholasing trades the temporary for the eternal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Alavedra, Baldiri}}[[Baldiri Alavedra]]
|{{age|1944|02|21|2020|04|13}}
| Spanish footballer
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mor Baldiri Alavedra |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/futbol/primer-equip/noticies/1655433/mor-baldiri-alavedra |website=[[FC Barcelona]] |accessdate=13 April 2020 |language=ca |trans-title=Baldiri Alavedra died |date=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bailey, Gil}}[[Gil Bailey]]
|84
| Jamaican radio broadcaster
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Legendary Radio Announcer Dies from COVID-19 Complications {{!}} Voice of America – English |url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/legendary-radio-announcer-dies-covid-19-complications |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |accessdate=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cotino, Juan}}[[Juan Cotino]]
|{{age|1950|01|26|2020|04|13}}
| President of the [[Corts Valencianes]] (2011–2014) and [[Director General of the Police (Spain)|Director General of the Police]] (1996–2002)
| Spain ([[Valencia]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.elmundo.es/comunidad-valenciana/2020/04/13/5e944f2afdddff1a338b45f9.html|title=Muere Juan Cotino por coronavirus, ex director general de la Policía y ex presidente de las Cortes Valencianas|accessdate=13 April 2020|last=Borràs|first=Xavier|date=13 April 2020|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|location=Valencia|language=es |trans-title=Juan Cotino dies from Covid-19, former general director of the Police and former president of the Valencian Courts}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Givens, Jerry}}[[Jerry Givens]]
|{{age|1952|12|3|2020|04|13}}
| Executioner and anti-death penalty advocate
| United States (Richmond)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Harrison |date=19 April 2020 |title=Jerry Givens, Virginia executioner turned death-penalty opponent, dies at 67 of coronavirus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/jerry-givens-virginia-executioner-turned-death-penalty-opponent-dies-at-67-of-coronavirus/2020/04/19/c518b54e-8246-11ea-a3eb-e9fc93160703_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |location=Washington D.C. |access-date=19 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lécrivain, Philippe}}[[Philippe Lécrivain]]
|{{age|1941|08|01|2020|04|13}}
| Jesuit priest and historian
| France (Paris)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=L'historien jésuite Philippe Lécrivain est décédé |url=https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Catholicisme/France/Lhistorien-jesuite-Philippe-Lecrivain-decede-2020-04-14-1201089389 |newspaper=[[La Croix]] |accessdate=16 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=14 April 2020 |trans-title=Jesuit historian Philippe Lécrivain has died |first=Claire |last=Lesegretain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kunz, Thomas}}[[Thomas Kunz]]
|{{age|1938|06|11|2020|04|13}}
| American biologist
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The passing of Tom Kunz |url=http://www.mammalsociety.org/whats-new/passing-tom-kunz |website=[[American Society of Mammalogists]] |accessdate=19 April 2020 |first=Douglas A. |last=Kelt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Levin, Benjamin}}[[Benjamin Levin (partisan)|Benjamin Levin]]
|{{age|1927|04|11|2020|04|13}}
| Lithuanian-born Israeli partisan and Holocaust survivor
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Benjamin Levin, 93, last surviving member of the legendary Avengers partisan group |url=https://www.jta.org/2020/04/22/bonds-of-life/benjamin-levin-93-last-surviving-member-of-the-legendary-avengers-partisan-group |publisher=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |accessdate=28 April 2020 |date=22 April 2020 |first=Sam |last=Sokol}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Maldoror, Sarah}}[[Sarah Maldoror]]
|{{age|1929|07|19|2020|04|13}}
| Filmmaker
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=13 April 2020 |title=Sarah Maldoror, pionnière du cinéma panafricain, décède du coronavirus |url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/coronavirus-deces-de-la-realisatrice-sarah-maldoror-a-91-ans-822570.html |work=[[France Info (TV channel)]] |accessdate=13 April 2020 |trans-title=Sarah Maldoror, pioneer of Pan-African cinema, dies from coronaviru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Peters, Dennis}}[[Dennis G. Peters]]
| {{age|1937|04|17|2020|04|13}}
| [[Electrochemist]]
| United States ([[Bloomington, Indiana|Bloomington]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;ids-2020apr14&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.idsnews.com/article/2020/04/iu-chemistry-professor-dennis-peters-dies-from-complications-of-covid-19 |title=IU chemistry professor Dennis Peters dies from complications of COVID-19 |newspaper=[[Indiana Daily Student]] |date=14 April 2020 |first=Shelby |last=Anderson}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pinter, Avrohom}}[[Avrohom Pinter]]
| 71
| Rabbi and politician
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rabbi Avrohom Pinter dies after contracting coronavirus |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/rabbi-avrohom-pinter-dies-after-contracting-coronavirus-1.498990 |newspaper=[[The Jewish Chronicle]] |accessdate=14 April 2020 |first=Lee |last=Harpin |date=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sarfraz, Zafar}}[[Zafar Sarfraz]]
|{{age|1969|10|30|2020|04|13}}
| Cricketer
| Pakistan ([[Peshawar]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Covid-19 claims Pakistan first-class cricketer Zafar Sarfraz |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29030327/covid-19-claims-pakistan-first-class-cricketer-zafar-sarfraz |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |accessdate=13 April 2020 |date=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Stalter, Bernard}}[[Bernard Stalter]]
|{{age|1957|03|12|2020|04|13}}
| [[Regional Council of Grand Est|Regional Councillor of Grand Est]] for [[Bas-Rhin]] (since 2016)
| France (Strasbourg)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Coronavirus : Bernard Stalter, président de la chambre des métiers d'Alsace et de France, est mort |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/sante-sciences/coronavirus-bernard-stalter-president-de-la-chambre-des-metiers-d-alsace-et-de-france-est-mort-1586796552 |website=[[France Bleu]] |accessdate=16 April 2020 |language=fr |date=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sullivan, Ann}}[[Ann Sullivan (animator)|Ann Sullivan]]
|{{age|1929|04|10|2020|04|13}}
| Animator
| United States (Los Angeles)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Robb |first1=David |title=Ann Sullivan, Longtime Disney Animator, Is Third Coronavirus Death At Motion Picture Home Facility |url=https://deadline.com/2020/04/ann-sullivan-dead-coronavirus-disney-animator-mptf-1202907504/ |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=13 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Baş, Haydar}}[[Haydar Baş]]
|{{age|1947|01|28|2020|04|14}}
| Leader of the [[Independent Turkey Party]] (since 2002)
| Turkey ([[Trabzon]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Son dakika... Haydar Baş koronavirüs nedeniyle hayatını kaybetti |url=https://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/son-dakika-haydar-bas-koronavirus-nedeniyle-hayatini-kaybetti |accessdate=14 April 2020 |agency=[[Demirören News Agency]] |work=[[CNN Türk]] |date=14 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414175534/https://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/son-dakika-haydar-bas-koronavirus-nedeniyle-hayatini-kaybetti |archivedate=14 April 2020 |language=tr |trans-title=Last minute... Haydar Baş died from coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Damico, Helen}}[[Helen Damico]]
| {{age|1931|1|31|2020|4|14}}
| Scholar of Old English literature
| United States
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=King |first=Mary Beth |date=21 April 2020 |title=Professor Emerita Helen Damico dies |url=https://news.unm.edu/news/professor-emerita-helen-damico-dies |access-date=4 June 2020 |website=UNM Newsroom |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Delaney, Danny}}[[Danny Delaney]]
| 77
| [[Gaelic football|Football]]er and [[Hurling|hurler]]
| Ireland (Portlaoise)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/danny-delaney-theresa-sherlock-ger-o-neill-and-velma-jackson-some-of-covid-19-s-victims-1.4230938|title=Danny Delaney, Theresa Sherlock, Ger O'Neill and Velma Jackson – some of Covid-19's victims|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|date=16 April 2020|accessdate=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|di Cillo Pagotto, Aldo}}[[Aldo di Cillo Pagotto]]
|{{age|1949|09|16|2020|04|14}}
| Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraíba|Paraíba]] (2004–2016)
| Brazil ([[Fortaleza]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Arquidiocese da Paraíba confirma que Dom Aldo Pagotto morreu devido à Covid-19 – Metro |url=https://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/editorias/metro/online/arquidiocese-da-paraiba-confirma-que-dom-aldo-pagotto-morreu-devido-a-covid-19-1.2234995 |newspaper=[[Diário do Nordeste]] |accessdate=19 April 2020 |language=pt-BR |date=15 April 2020 |trans-title=Archdiocese of Paraíba confirms that Dom Aldo Pagotto died due to Covid-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Feldman, Margit}}[[Margit Feldman]]
|{{age|1929|06|12|2020|04|14}}
| [[Holocaust survivor]]
| United States (New Jersey)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Bella&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bella |first1=Timothy |title=Holocaust survivor dies of the coronavirus 75 years after she was liberated from concentration camp |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/04/17/holocaust-survivor-coronavirus/ |accessdate=18 April 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=17 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gerdts, William H.}}[[William H. Gerdts]]
| {{age|1929|01|18|2020|04|14}}
|  American art historian
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=William Gerdts |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-gerdts&amp;pid=196007597 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=19 April 2020 |date=19 April 2020 |via=[[Legacy.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gilkes, Michael}}[[Michael Gilkes (writer)|Michael Gilkes]]
| 87
| Guyanese writer
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Guyanese playwright Michael Gilkes dies from COVID-19 complications |url=http://guyanachronicle.com/2020/04/15/guyanese-playwright-michael-gilkes-dies-from-covid-19-complications-2 |newspaper=[[Guyana Chronicle]] |accessdate=19 April 2020 |date=15 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lawrence, Cyril}}[[Cyril Lawrence]]
|{{age|1920|06|12|2020|04|14}}
| Footballer
| United Kingdom ([[Farnworth]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=99 Year Old Man and Ex-Pro Footballer Beaten by Coronavirus |accessdate=15 April 2020 |publisher=Salford Star |date=15 April 2020 |url=http://www.salfordstar.com/article.asp?id=5555 |first=David |last=Lyon |archive-date=22 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422125616/http://www.salfordstar.com/article.asp?id=5555 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sousa, Maria de}}[[Maria de Sousa]]
|{{age|1939|10|17|2020|04|14}}
| Immunologist
| Portugal ([[Lisbon]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Firmino |first1=Teresa |title=Maria de Sousa (1939–2020), uma vida sem muros |url=https://www.publico.pt/2020/04/14/ciencia/noticia/morreu-imunologista-maria-sousa-1912199 |newspaper=[[Público (Portugal)]] |accessdate=17 April 2020 |language=pt |trans-title=Maria de Sousa (1939–2020), a life without walls}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Torrey, Ella King Russell}}[[Ella King Russell Torrey]]
|{{age|1925|08|07|2020|04|14}}
| Human rights activist and aide to [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]
| United States ([[Philadelphia]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ella King Russell Torrey, who dedicated her life to peace and human rights, dies at 94|accessdate=22 April 2020 |newspaper=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=21 April 2020 |url=https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/ella-torrey-united-nations-eleanor-roosevelt-delegate-volunteer-world-affairs-council-20200421.html |first=Bonnie L. |last=Cook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Whiteside, Peter}}[[Peter Whiteside]]
|{{age|1952|06|23|2020|04|14}}
| Olympic modern pentathlete
| United Kingdom ([[Peterborough]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Teesside athlete who represented Great Britain in the Olympics dies after contracting coronavirus |url=https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/teesside-news/teesside-athlete-who-represented-great-18103867|first=Kristy|last=Dawson|website=[[TeessideLive]]|accessdate=26 April 2020 |date=20 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Alsing, Adam}}[[Adam Alsing]]
|{{age|1968|10|12|2020|04|15}}
| Radio and television host
| Sweden (Stockholm)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/adam-alsing-ar-dod/|title=Adam Alsing är död|language=sv|work=[[Expressen]]|date=15 April 2020|accessdate=15 April 2020 |trans-title=Adam Alsing is dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Daviau, Allen}}[[Allen Daviau]]
|{{age|1942|06|14|2020|04|15}}
| Cinematographer (''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'', ''[[The Color Purple (film)|The Color Purple]]'', ''[[Empire of the Sun (film)|Empire of the Sun]]'')
| United States (Los Angeles)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1131672-e-t-cinematographer-allen-daviau-dies-at-age-77-of-covid-19 |title=E.T. Cinematographer Allen Daviau Dies at Age 77 of COVID-19 |website=[[ComingSoon.net]] |first=Grant |last=Hermanns |date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Grimes, Henry}}[[Henry Grimes]]
|{{age|1935|11|3|2020|04|15}}
| Jazz bassist
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Bassist Henry Grimes Dies at 84 |url=https://downbeat.com/news/detail/bassist-henry-grimes-dies-at-84 |magazine=[[DownBeat]] |accessdate=18 April 2020 |date=18 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Myers, Bruce}}[[Bruce Myers (actor)|Bruce Myers]]
|{{age|1942|1|1|2020|04|15}}
| Actor and comedian
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=E' morto per coronavirus l'attore Bruce Myers, per sette anni insegnante alla Scuola di recitazione del Teatro Stabile |url=https://www.quotidianopiemontese.it/2020/04/18/e-morto-per-coronavirus-lattore-bruce-myers-per-sette-anni-insegnante-alla-scuola-di-recitazione-del-teatro-stabile/ |newspaper=Quotidiano Piemontese |accessdate=19 April 2020 |language=it |date=18 April 2020 |trans-title=Actor Bruce Myers, a seven-year teacher at the Teatro Stabile acting school, died of coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Houghton, John}}[[John Houghton (physicist)|Sir John Houghton]]
|{{age|1931|12|30|2020|04|15}}
| Atmospheric physicist
| United Kingdom ([[Dolgellau]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/23/climate/John-Houghton-dead-coronavirus.html |title=John Houghton, Who Sounded Alarm on Climate Change, Dies at 88 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=23 April 2020 |accessdate=4 May 2020 |first=John |last=Schwartz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jelinek, Milena}}[[Milena Jelinek]]
|84
| Czech-American screenwriter
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Spáčilová|first=Mirka|date=16 April 2020|title=Na covid-19 zemřela scenáristka Jelinek. Emigrovala jako &quot;dar&quot; Kennedymu|language=cs|trans-title=Screenwriter Jelinek died of covid-19. She emigrated as a &quot;gift&quot; to Kennedy|newspaper=[[Mladá fronta DNES]]|url=https://www.idnes.cz/kultura/film-televize/zemrela-milena-jelinek-zapomenute-svetlo.A200416_103703_filmvideo_spm#utm_content=freshnews&amp;utm_term=Milena%20Jelinek&amp;utm_medium=hint&amp;utm_source=search.seznam.cz|accessdate=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Konitz, Lee}}[[Lee Konitz]]
|{{age|1927|10|13|2020|04|15}}
| Jazz composer and alto saxophonist
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Bebco |first1=Joe |title=Jazz innovator Lee Konitz has died of Covid-19 at age 92 |url=https://syncopatedtimes.com/jazz-innovator-lee-konitz-has-died-of-covid-19-at-age-92/ |website=The Syncopated Times |accessdate=16 April 2020 |date=15 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pfahl, John}}[[John Pfahl]]
|{{age|1939|2|17|2020|04|15}}
| Photographer
| United States ([[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sandomir |first1=Richard |title=John Pfahl, Photographer Who Played With Landscapes, Dies at 81 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/23/arts/john-pfahl-photographer-who-played-with-landscapes-dies-at-81.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=30 April 2020 |date=23 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Shahablou, Shahin}}[[Shahin Shahablou]]
|{{age|1964|1|27|2020|04|15}}
| Iranian photographer
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= An Award-Winning Photographer Left Iran To Be Gay. Two Months After Finding Love, He Died Of Coronavirus
|url= https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/patrickstrudwick/coronavirus-award-winning-gay-iranian-photographer
|website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |accessdate=25 April 2020 |date=25 April 2020 |first= Patrick |last=Strudwick}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mulumba Kalemba, Gérard}}[[Gérard Mulumba Kalemba]]
|{{age|1937|07|08|2020|04|15}}
| Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mweka|Mweka]] (1989–2016)
| Democratic Republic of the Congo ([[Kinshasa]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=RDC: l'oncle du président Tshisekedi, Gérard Mulumba Kalemba, meurt du coronavirus |url=http://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20200415-rdc-loncle-pr%C3%A9sident-tshisekedi-g%C3%A9rard-mulumba-kalemba-d%C3%A9c%C3%A8-coronavirus |publisher=[[Radio France Internationale]] |accessdate=16 April 2020 |language=fr |date=15 April 2020 |trans-title=DRC: President Tshisekedi's uncle Gérard Mulumba Kalemba dies from coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Azrak, Ülkü}}[[Ülkü Azrak]]
|86–87
| Academic, lawyer and a founder of the [[Istanbul University]] School of Political Sciences
| Turkey ([[Istanbul]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;AA&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Gönel |first1=Güç |title=Prof. Dr. Ülkü Azrak Kovid-19 nedeniyle hayatını kaybetti |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/prof-dr-ulku-azrak-kovid-19-nedeniyle-hayatini-kaybetti/1805708 |accessdate=16 April 2020 |publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=15 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416043839/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/prof-dr-ulku-azrak-kovid-19-nedeniyle-hayatini-kaybetti/1805708 |archivedate=16 April 2020 |location=Istanbul |language=tr |trans-title=Professor Dr. Ülkü Azrak passed away due to Kovid-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!-- Christophe : Not officially related to Covid-19
|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Christophe}}[[Christophe (singer)|Christophe]]
|{{age|1945|10|13|2020|04|16}}
| French singer&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere por coronavirus el cantautor francés Christophe a los 74 años |url=https://www.elespanol.com/cultura/musica/20200417/muere-coronavirus-cantautor-frances-christophe-anos/483201983_0.html |newspaper=[[El Español]] |accessdate=17 April 2020 |trans-title=French singer-songwriter Christophe dies of coronavirus at 74 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| France ([[Bretagne]])
--&gt;
|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Di Carlo, Francesco}}[[Francesco Di Carlo]]
|{{age|1941|02|18|2020|04|16}}
| Italian mobster ([[Sicilian Mafia]]) and [[pentito]]
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Coronavirus, morto a Parigi il pentito Francesco Di Carlo |url=https://www.tp24.it/2020/04/16/antimafia/coronavirus-morto-parigi-pentito-francesco-carlo/148149 |website=TP24.it |accessdate=16 April 2020 |language=it |date=16 April 2020 |trans-title=Coronavirus, repentant Francesco Di Carlo died in Paris}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lanzuela, Santiago}}[[Santiago Lanzuela]]
|{{age|1948|09|27|2020|04|16}}
| Member of the [[Congress of Deputies]] (2000–2014) and [[President of the Government of Aragon]] (1995–1999)
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere el expresidente Santiago Lanzuela |url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/2020/04/16/muere-expresidente-aragon-santiago-lanzuela-1331664.html |newspaper=[[Heraldo de Aragón]] |accessdate=16 April 2020 |language=es |trans-title=Santiago Lanzuela, former president of the DGA, a key figure in the development of Aragon dies |date=16 April 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416154617/https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/2020/04/16/muere-expresidente-aragon-santiago-lanzuela-1331664.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Miller, Henry}}[[Henry Miller (lawyer)|Henry Miller]]
|{{age|1931|02|18|2020|04|16}}
| Lawyer and jurist
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Grant |first1=Jason |title=Henry Miller, Former State Bar President and 'Trial Lawyer of the Old School,' Dies at 89 Due to Coronavirus |url=https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2020/04/20/henry-miller-former-state-bar-president-and-trial-lawyer-of-the-old-school-dies-at-89-due-to-coronavirus/ |journal=[[New York Law Journal]] |accessdate=29 April 2020 |date=20 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sepúlveda, Luis}}[[Luis Sepúlveda]]
|{{age|1949|10|04|2020|04|16}}
| Chilean writer
| Spain ([[Oviedo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bebco |first1=Joe |title=Muere por coronavirus Luis Sepúlveda a los 71 años |url=https://www.elmundo.es/cultura/literatura/2020/04/16/5e981bbbfdddffd1958b4580.html |newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |accessdate=16 April 2020 |language=es |trans-title=Luis Sepúlveda dies of coronavirus at age 71 |date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-

| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ushñahua, Glider}}[[Glider Ushñahua]]
|{{age|1968|09|26|2020|04|16}}
| Member of the [[Congress of the Republic of Peru]] (2016–2019)
| Peru (Pucallpa)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Excongresista Glider Ushñahua falleció en la región Ucayali |url=https://elcomercio.pe/politica/excongresista-glider-ushnahua-fallecio-en-la-region-ucayali-noticia/ |newspaper=[[El Comercio (Peru)]] |date=16 April 2020 |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=es-la |trans-title=Former Congressman Glider Ushñahua passed away in the Ucayali region |first=Alicia |last=Rojas Sánchez}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Adkins, Bennie G.}}[[Bennie G. Adkins]]
|{{age|1934|02|01|2020|04|17}}
|[[United States Army]] soldier and recipient of the [[Medal of Honor]]
|United States ([[Opelika, Alabama|Opelika]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.alabamanews.net/2020/04/17/retired-army-command-sgt-maj-bennie-g-adkins-medal-of-honor-recipient-from-opelika-dies-after-covid-19-illness/|title=Retired Army Command Sgt. Maj. Bennie G. Adkins, Medal of Honor Recipient from Opelika, Dies after COVID-19 Illness|date=17 April 2020|website=Alabama News|access-date=19 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hunter, Norman}}[[Norman Hunter (footballer)|Norman Hunter]]
|{{age|1943|10|29|2020|04|17}}
|Footballer
|United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ouzia|first=Malik|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/england-world-cup-winner-norman-hunter-dies-aged-76-after-contracting-coronavirus-a4412331.html|title=Norman Hunter dead: Leeds United legend dies aged 76 after contracting coronavirus|date=17 April 2020|work=[[London Evening Standard]]|access-date=17 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kyari, Abba}}[[Abba Kyari]]
|{{age|1952|09|23|2020|04|17}}
| [[Chief of Staff to the President (Nigeria)|Chief of Staff to the President of Nigeria]] (since 2015)
| Nigeria ([[Lagos]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/04/breaking-chief-of-staff-to-president-abba-kyari-is-dead/ |title=BREAKING: Chief of Staff to President, Abba Kyari is dead |date=18 April 2020 |access-date=18 April 2020|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Logan, Giuseppi}}[[Giuseppi Logan]]
|{{age|1935|5|22|2020|04|17}}
| Jazz musician
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Chinen |first1=Nate |title=Giuseppi Logan, Free-Jazz Multireedist Who Returned Once From Oblivion, Has Died at 84 |url=https://www.wbgo.org/post/giuseppi-logan-free-jazz-multireedist-who-returned-once-oblivion-has-died-84 |publisher=[[WBGO]] |accessdate=18 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Love, Iris}}[[Iris Love]]
|{{age|1933|08|01|2020|04|17}}
| Archaeologist and dog breeder
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/23/nyregion/iris-love-dead.html |title=Iris Love, Stylish Archaeologist and Dog Breeder, Dies at 86 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Penelope |last=Green |date=23 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Niode, Lukman}}[[Lukman Niode]]
|{{age|1963|10|21|2020|04|17}}
| Olympic swimmer
| Indonesia (Jakarta)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.kompas.com/sports/read/2020/04/17/15172698/almarhum-eks-perenang-nasional-lukman-niode-dinyatakan-positif-covid-19|title=Almarhum Eks Perenang Nasional Lukman Niode Dinyatakan Positif Covid-19|first=Nugyasa |last=Laksamana |newspaper=[[Kompas]]|language=id|access-date=17 April 2020|date=17 April 2020|trans-title=The deceased ex-national swimmer Lukman Niode was stated positive of Covid-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Saunders, Arlene}}[[Arlene Saunders]]
| {{age|1930|10|05|2020|04|17}}
| Operatic soprano
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Fallece la soprano estadounidense Arlene Saunders, víctima del Covid19 |url=https://www.plateamagazine.com/opinion/8765-fallece-la-soprano-estadounidense-arlene-saunders-victima-del-covid19 |magazine=Platea Magazine |accessdate=19 April 2020 |language=es-es |trans-title=American soprano Arlene Saunders, victim of Covid19, dies |date=18 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Seligman, Matthew}}[[Matthew Seligman]]
|{{age|1955|07|14|2020|04|17}}
| Bass guitarist, member of [[The Soft Boys]] and [[Thompson Twins]]
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Irwin |first1=Corey |title=Bassist Matthew Seligman Dead of COVID-19 |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/matthew-seligman-covid-19/ |website=Ultimate Classic Rock |accessdate=18 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Shay, Gene}}[[Gene Shay]]
|{{age|1935|03|04|2020|04|17}}
| Disc jockey
| United States ([[Wynnewood, Pennsylvania|Wynnewood]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=DeLuca |first1=Dan |title=Gene Shay, legendary Philly DJ and Folk Festival host, has died at 85 of the coronavirus |url=https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/gene-shay-dead-coronavirus-dj-philadlephia-folk-festival-20200418.html |newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer, LLC]] |accessdate=18 April 2020 |date=18 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vaquero Crespo, Jesús}}[[Jesús Vaquero]]
| 70
|Professor of Neurosurgery at the [[Autonomous University of Madrid]]
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Jesús Vaquero, pionero en terapia celular y jefe de Neurocirugía del Hospital Puerta del Hierro |url=https://www.elespanol.com/espana/20200418/fallece-jesus-vaquero-neurocirugia-hospital-puerta-hierro/483451975_0.html |website=[[El Español]] |accessdate=1 May 2020 |language=es |date=18 April 2020 |trans-title=Jesús Vaquero, pioneer in cell therapy and head of Neurosurgery at Hospital Puerta del Hierro}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Belfrage, Erik}}[[Erik Belfrage]]
|{{age|1946|04|13|2020|04|18}}
| Diplomat and businessman
| Sweden (Stockholm)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Erik Belfrage död i coronaviruset |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/opbOgB/erik-belfrage-dod-i-coronaviruset |newspaper=[[Aftonbladet]] |accessdate=18 April 2020 |language=sv |first=Matilda Aprea |last=Malmqvist |date=18 April 2020 |trans-title=Erik Belfrage dead with coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ewing, Gulshan}}[[Gulshan Ewing]]
| 92
| Indian journalist
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gulshan Ewing, pioneering magazine editor, dies of Covid-19 in London |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gulshan-ewing-pioneering-magazine-editor-dies-of-covid-19-in-london/story-aUamCn049Yz4C5phuinsAM.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |accessdate=1 May 2020 |date=21 April 2020 |first=Prasun |last=Sonwalkar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Crefcoeur, Martine}}[[Martine Crefcoeur]]
| 84
| Dutch actress
| Netherlands ([[Rotterdam]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Eerste Nederlandse die Anne Frank speelde |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/mensen/eerste-nederlandse-die-anne-frank-speelde~b95912ea/ |newspaper=[[de Volkskrant]] |accessdate=27 May 2020 |date=25 May 2020 |first=Peter |last=de Waard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gangchen, Tulku Rinpoche}}[[Gangchen Tulku Rinpoche]]
|{{age|1941|07|07|2020|04|18}}
| Tibetan-Italian lama
| Italy ([[Verbania]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.fanpage.it/attualita/morto-per-coronavirus-a-verbania-il-lama-gangchen-rinpoche-il-monaco-tibetano-aveva-78-anni/ |title=Morto per coronavirus a Verbania il Lama Gangchen Rinpoche: il monaco tibetano aveva 78 anni |date=19 April 2020 |language=it |trans-title=Lama Gangchen Rinpoche died of coronavirus in Verbania: the Tibetan monk was 78 years old |first= Francesco |last=Loiacono |work=Fanpage.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kourouma, Sekou}}[[Sékou Kourouma]]
|{{age in years|1956|2020}}
| Chief of Staff to the [[President of Guinea]] (since 2018)
| Guinea ([[Conakry]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=tv5monde&gt;{{cite news |title=Guinée: Mort de Sékou Kourouma, secrétaire général du gouvernement, des suites du Covid-19 |url=https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/guinee-mort-de-sekou-kourouma-secretaire-general-du-gouvernement-des-suites-du-covid-19 |work=[[TV5Monde]] |date=20 April 2020 |accessdate=24 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424000127/https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/guinee-mort-de-sekou-kourouma-secretaire-general-du-gouvernement-des-suites-du-covid-19 |archivedate=24 April 2020 |trans-title=Guinea: Death of Sékou Kourouma, Secretary General of the Government, following the Covid-19 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lazier, Bob}}[[Bob Lazier]]
|{{age|1938|12|22|2020|04|18}}
| Race car driver
| United States ([[Denver]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former CART Rookie of the Year Bob Lazier dies at 81 |url=https://racer.com/2020/04/18/former-CART-rookie-of-the-year-bob-lazier-dies-at-81/ |website=RACER |accessdate=18 April 2020 |date=18 April 2020 |first=Robin |last=Miller |archive-date=20 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420101922/https://racer.com/2020/04/18/former-CART-rookie-of-the-year-bob-lazier-dies-at-81/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lotz, Jack}}[[Jack Lotz]]
|86
|Wrestling referee
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;wrestlingnews&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Former WWF referee Jack Lotz passed away due to complications from coronavirus|url=https://wrestlingnews.co/wwe-news/former-wwf-referee-jack-lotz-passed-away-due-to-complications-from-coronavirus/|website=[[WWE Network]]|accessdate=27 April 2020 |date=21 April 2020 |first=Paul |last=Davis}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Navarrini, Urano}}[[Urano Navarrini]]
|{{age|1945|05|02|2020|04|18}}
| Football player and manager
| Italy (Milan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Morto per coronavirus a Milano l'attaccante del Novara degli Anni '70, Urano Navarrini |url=https://www.lastampa.it/novara/2020/04/18/news/morto-per-coronavirus-a-milano-l-attaccante-del-novara-degli-anni-70-urano-navarrini-1.38734733 |newspaper=[[La Stampa]] |accessdate=23 April 2020 |language=it-IT |date=18 April 2020 |first=Renato |last=Ambiel |trans-title=Uran Navarrini, Novara striker of the 70s, died from coronavirus in Milan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rosny, Jacques}}[[Jacques Rosny]]
|{{age|1939|03|25|2020|04|18}}
| Actor
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=La mort du comédien Jacques Rosny |url=https://sceneweb.fr/la-mort-du-comedien-jacques-rosny/ |website=Sceneweb |accessdate=21 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=19 April 2020 |trans-title=The death of actor Jacques Rosny}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dalkowski, Steve}}[[Steve Dalkowski]]
|{{age|1939|06|03|2020|04|19}}
| Baseball player
| United States ([[New Britain, Connecticut|New Britain]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Steve Dalkowski, inspiration for 'Bull Durham,' dies at 80 |url=https://apnews.com/962f5c24d9727f2af6ce799d26cd035f |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=25 April 2020 |date=24 April 2020 |first=Ronald |last=Blum}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dear, Noach}}[[Noach Dear]]
| 66
| Justice of the [[New York Supreme Court]] (since 2015)
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2020/04/19/brooklyn-supreme-court-justice-noach-dear-dies-of-coronavirus/ |title=Former City Councilman Noach Dear dies of coronavirus |newspaper=[[New York Post]] |date=19 April 2020 |last1=Campanile |first1=Carl |last2=Salo |first2=Jackie |last-author-amp=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Doran, Terry}}[[Terry Doran]]
| 80
| Pop music manager and music publishing executive, known for his association with [[the Beatles]]
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph obit&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Telegraph Obituaries|title=Terry Doran, confidant of the Beatles and Brian Epstein – obituary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2020/04/26/terry-doran-confidant-beatles-brian-epstein-obituary/|website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=26 April 2020|accessdate=26 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427014008/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2020/04/26/terry-doran-confidant-beatles-brian-epstein-obituary/|archive-date=27 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lafortune, Claude}}[[Claude Lafortune]]
|{{age|1936|07|05|2020|04|19}}
| Paper sculptor, set designer and television personality
| Canada ([[Longueuil]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/04/19/lanimateur-claude-lafortune-decede-des-suites-de-la-covid-19|title=L'animateur Claude Lafortune décède des suites de la COVID-19|last=Scali|first=Dominique|newspaper=[[Le Journal de Montréal]]|access-date=20 April 2020|language=fr-ca|trans-title=Animator Claude Lafortune dies of COVID-19|date=19 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Nahon, Philippe}}[[Philippe Nahon]]
|{{age|1938|12|24|2020|04|19}}
| Actor
| France (Paris)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=E' morto Philippe Nahon: stroncato dal coronavirus l'attore francese che lavorò con Spielberg e Kassovitz |url=https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/cinema/2020/04/19/news/coronavirus_morto_l_attore_philippe_nahon-254463571 |newspaper=[[la Repubblica]] |accessdate=19 April 2020 |language=it |date=19 April 2020 |trans-title=Philippe Nahon died: the French actor who worked with Spielberg and Kassovitz was killed by the coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jarpa, Sergio Onofre}}[[Sergio Onofre Jarpa]]
|{{age|1921|3|8|2020|04|19}}
| [[Ministry of the Interior and Public Security (Chile)|Minister of the Interior]] (1983–1985)
| Chile ([[Las Condes]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Exsenador Sergio Onofre Jarpa falleció contagiado con Covid-19 |url=https://www.latercera.com/politica/noticia/sergio-onofre-jarpa-fallecio-contagiado-con-covid-19/MB5BRPEVTZAZZCQDHH6567MSSY/ |newspaper=[[La Tercera]] |accessdate=21 April 2020 |language=es |date=21 April 2020 |trans-title=Former senator Sergio Onofre Jarpa passed away infected with Covid-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vustin, Alexander}}[[Alexander Vustin]]
|{{age|1943|4|24|2020|04|19}}
| Composer
| Russia (Moscow)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=RUSSIAN COMPOSER ALEXANDER VUSTIN DIED OF COVID-19 |url=https://www.russkiymir.ru/en/news/271631/ |publisher=[[Russkiy Mir Foundation]] |accessdate=10 May 2020 |date=20 April 2020 |trans-title=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Alvarez, Heherson}}[[Heherson Alvarez]]
|{{age|1939|10|16|2020|04|20}}
| Commissioner on the Climate Change Commission (2009–2016) and Member of the [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]] (1987–1998)
| Philippines (Manila)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Heherson Alvarez, Fierce Opponent of Marcos Dictatorship, Dies at 80 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/21/obituaries/heherson-alvarez-coronavirus-dead.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=25 April 2020 |date=21 April 2020 |first=Jason |last=Gutierrez}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Carillo, H. G.}}[[H. G. Carrillo]]
| 59
| Novelist
| United States ([[Washington, D.C.]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Duggan |first=Paul |title=Novelist H.G. Carrillo, who explored themes of cultural alienation, dies after developing covid-19  |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/cuban-american-author-hg-carrillo-who-explored-themes-of-cultural-alienation-died-after-contracting-covid-19/2020/05/21/35478894-97d8-11ea-91d7-cf4423d47683_story.html |access-date=22 May 2020 |date=22 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mulholland, Tom}}[[Tom Mulholland (Gaelic footballer)|Tom Mulholland]]
|{{age|1936|03|08|2020|04|20}}
| [[Gaelic football|Footballer]]
| Ireland ([[Drogheda]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/tom-mulholland-obituary-great-athlete-who-represented-louth-and-leinster-1.4247413|title=Tom Mulholland obituary: Great athlete who represented Louth and Leinster|work=[[The Irish Times]]|first=Ciara|last=Kenny|date=9 May 2020|accessdate=9 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Riyat, Manjeet Singh}}[[Manjeet Singh Riyat]]
| 52
| Doctor
| United Kingdom ([[Derby]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Whittaker |first1=Anna |title=Royal Derby consultant and dad-of-two dies after contracting coronavirus |url=https://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/news/derby-news/royal-derby-hospital-consultant-dad-4063114 |accessdate=20 April 2020 |newspaper=[[Derby Telegraph]] |date=20 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sala Mañé, Josep}}[[Josep Sala Mañé]]
| 82
| [[Casteller]]
| Spain ([[Vilafranca del Penedès]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mor als 82 anys el vilafranquí Josep Sala Mañé |url=https://el3devuit.cat/2020/04/21/77902/actualitat/actualitat-alt-penedes/actualitat-vilafranca/mor-als-82-anys-el-vilafranqui-josep-sala-mane/ |website=el 3 de vuit |accessdate=22 April 2020 |language=ca |date=21 April 2020 |first=Judit |last=Benages |trans-title=Josep Sala Mañé from Vilafranca dies at the age of 82}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bacuzzi, Dave}}[[Dave Bacuzzi]]
| {{age|1940|10|12|2020|04|21}}
| British footballer
| Ireland (Dublin)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Malone |first1=Emmet |title=Former Cork Hibs and Home Farm boss David Bacuzzi dies from Covid-19 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/national-league/former-cork-hibs-and-home-farm-boss-david-bacuzzi-dies-from-covid-19-1.4235226 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |accessdate=23 April 2020 |date=22 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bah, Belco}}[[Belco Bah]]
| {{age in years|1958|2020}}
| Member of the [[National Assembly (Mali)|National Assembly of Mali]] (since 2013)
| Mali ([[Niono]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mali: Le député Belco Bah mort de Covid-19 |url=https://www.maliweb.net/necrologie/mali-le-depute-belco-bah-mort-de-covid-19-2869806.html |website=Mali web |accessdate=26 April 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=22 April 2020 |trans-title=Mali: Belco Bah MP died of Covid-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Calleja, José María}}[[José María Calleja]]
| {{age|1955|05|16|2020|04|21}}
| Journalist, political prisoner and anti-[[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] activist
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=El periodista y escritor José María Calleja fallece por coronavirus |url=https://www.diariovasco.com/gipuzkoa/jose-maria-calleja-fallece-coronavirus-20200421135342-nt.html |newspaper=[[El Diario Vasco]] |accessdate=21 April 2020 |language=es |date=21 April 2020 |trans-title=Journalist and writer José María Calleja dies of coronavirus |first=J. |last=Legaria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Foglia, Philip}}[[Philip Foglia]]
| {{age|1951|1|1|2020|04|21}}
| Lawyer, civic activist and advocate for Italian American rights issues
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Philip Foglia, NYC champion of Italian-American causes, dead of coronavirus |url=https://nypost.com/2020/04/21/philip-foglia-italian-american-civic-leader-dies-of-covid/ |newspaper=[[New York Post]] |accessdate=4 May 2020 |date=21 April 2020 |first=Carl |last=Campanile}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Taylor, Jack}}[[Jack Taylor (Colorado politician)|Jack Taylor]]
| {{age|1935|11|22|2020|04|21}}
| Member of the [[Colorado Senate]] (2000–2008) and [[Colorado House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] (1992–2000)
| United States ([[Steamboat Springs, Colorado|Steamboat Springs]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Longtime Colorado legislator leaves lasting legacy |url=https://www.steamboatpilot.com/news/longtime-colorado-legislator-leaves-lasting-legacy/ |newspaper=[[Steamboat Pilot &amp; Today]] |accessdate=4 May 2020 |date=23 April 2020 |first=John F. |last=Russell}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kennedy, Donald}}[[Donald Kennedy]]
| {{age|1931|08|18|2020|04|21}}
| Scientist, public administrator, and academic
|United States ([[Redwood City, California|Redwood City]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Dremann |first1=Sue |title=Former Stanford President Donald Kennedy dies at 88 of COVID-19 |url=https://paloaltoonline.com/news/2020/04/21/former-stanford-president-donald-kennedy-dies-at-88-of-covid-19 |newspaper=[[Palo Alto Weekly]] |accessdate=22 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Okazaki, Teruyuki}}[[Teruyuki Okazaki]]
| {{age|1931|06|22|2020|04|21}}
| Japanese karate master
| United States (Philadelphia)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fallece el sensei Teruyuki Okazaki |url=https://www.yucatan.com.mx/merida/fallece-el-sensei-teruyuki-okazaki |newspaper=El Diario de Yucatán |accessdate=22 April 2020 |language=es |date=22 April 2020 |trans-title=Sensei Teruyuki Okazaki dies |archive-date=23 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423182517/https://www.yucatan.com.mx/merida/fallece-el-sensei-teruyuki-okazaki |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rogosin, Joel}}[[Joel Rogosin]]
| 87
| Television producer and writer (''[[The Virginian (TV series)|The Virginian]]'', ''[[Ironside (1967 TV series)|Ironside]]'', ''[[Magnum, P.I.]]'')
| United States ([[Woodland Hills, Los Angeles|Woodland Hills]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=variety&gt;{{cite news |first=Dave |last=McNary |title='Magnum, P.I.,' 'Knight Rider' Producer Joel Rogosin Dies of Coronavirus at MPTF Retirement Home |url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/joe-rogosin-dead-dies-coronavirus-motion-picture-television-fund-1234587769/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=22 April 2020 |accessdate=23 April 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423200623/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/joe-rogosin-dead-dies-coronavirus-motion-picture-television-fund-1234587769/ |archivedate=23 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pellen, Jacques}}[[Jacques Pellen]]
| 63
| Jazz guitarist
| France ([[Brest, France|Brest]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Coronavirus : le guitariste breton Jacques Pellen est décédé |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/amp/infos/culture-loisirs/coronavirus-le-guitariste-breton-jacques-pellen-est-decede-1587469449 |website=[[France Bleu]] |accessdate=22 April 2020 |language=fr |date=21 April 2020 |trans-title=Coronavirus: Breton guitarist Jacques Pellen has died |first=Joan |last=Bizien}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Peres, Gerson}}[[Gerson Peres]]
| {{age|1931|05|2|2020|04|21}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1983–2003 and 2007–2011)
| Brazil ([[Belém]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-deputado e ex-vice governador do Pará, Gerson Peres morre em Belém |url=https://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2020/04/21/ex-deputado-e-ex-vice-governador-do-para-gerson-peres-morre-em-belem.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=10 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former member of the Chamber of Deputies and ex-vice governor of Pará, Gerson Peres dies in Belém. |date=21 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Troitiño, Miguel Ángel}}[[Miguel Ángel Troitiño]]
| 72–73
| Human geographer, expert on [[cultural tourism]] and [[historic preservation|heritage preservation]]
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=edclm&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vocesdecuenca.com/cuenca/muere-miguel-angel-troitino-autor-del-informe-con-el-que-cuenca-fue-declarada-patrimonio-de-la-humanidad/|website=Voces de Cuenca |title=Muere Miguel Ángel Troitiño, autor del informe con el que Cuenca fue declarada Patrimonio de la Humanidad |date=21 April 2020|trans-title=Miguel Ángel Troitiño, author of the report with which Cuenca was declared a World Heritage Site, dies |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|van den Berg, Koos}}[[Koos van den Berg]]
| {{age|1942|09|18|2020|04|21}}
| Member of the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] (1986–2002)
| Netherlands ([[Nunspeet]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Oud-CBOB-voorzitter Koos van den Berg overleden aan corona |url=https://www.schuttevaer.nl/nieuws/varend-bestaan/2020/04/24/oud-cbob-voorzitter-koos-van-den-berg-overleden-aan-corona/|newspaper=Schuttevaer |accessdate=27 April 2020 |language=nl |trans-title=Former CBOB chairman Koos van den Berg passed away from corona |date=24 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-22|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vargas, Enrique}}[[El Príncipe Gitano]]
| {{age|1932|04|07|2020|04|22}}
| Flamenco singer and dancer
| Spain ([[Mandayona]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere por coronavirus el 'Príncipe gitano', famoso por 'In the ghetto' |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20200422/muere-principe-gitano-7936880 |newspaper=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |accessdate=22 April 2020 |language=es |date=22 April 2020 |trans-title=Singer El Príncipe Gitado dies due to COVID-19 dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-22|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Robinson, Julian Perry}}[[Julian Perry Robinson]]
| {{age|1941|11|11|2020|04|22}}
| British chemist
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=middlebury-in-memoriam-professor-julian-perry-robinson-1941-2020&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nonproliferation.org/in-memoriam-professor-julian-perry-robinson-1941-2020/|title=In Memoriam—Professor Julian Perry Robinson (1941–2020)|date=24 April 2020|access-date=28 April 2020|website=[[Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey]]|last=Hart|first=John}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-22|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Barnes, Bootsie}}[[Bootsie Barnes]]
| {{age|1937|11|27|2020|04|22}}
| Jazz saxophonist
| United States (Philadelphia)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bootsie Barnes, Philadelphia tenor sax great, has died of coronavirus at 82 |url=https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/bootsy-barnes-philadelphia-jazz-sax-coronavirus-obituary-20200423.html|newspaper=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]] |accessdate=6 May 2020 |date=23 April 2020 |first=Dan |last=DeLuca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gill, Peter}}[[Peter Gill (golfer)|Peter Gill]]
| {{age|1930|07|23|2020|04|23}}
| Golfer
| United Kingdom ([[Maidstone]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Peter Gill (1930–2020) |url=https://www.pga.info/news/peter-gill-1930-2020/ |website=[[Professional Golfers Association]] |accessdate=26 April 2020 |date=23 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Thomas, Frederick}}[[Fred the Godson]]
| {{age|1985|02|22|2020|04|23}}
| DJ and rapper
| United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Fred the Godson Dead From Coronavirus: Rapper Was 35 |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/obituary/9364643/fred-the-godson-dies-35-coronavirus-obituary |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=24 April 2020 |date=23 April 2020 |first=Gil |last=Kaufman}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Okae, Kumiko}}[[Kumiko Okae]]
| {{age|1956|08|23|2020|04|23}}
| Actress, voice actress and television presenter
| Japan (Tokyo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=岡江久美子さんが死去 新型コロナウイルスで（写真＝共同） |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO58398760T20C20A4CZ8000/ |newspaper=[[The Nikkei]] |accessdate=24 April 2020 |language=ja |trans-title=Kumiko Okae dies with new coronavirus |date=23 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Overgoor, Henk}}[[Henk Overgoor]]
| {{age|1944|04|30|2020|04|23}}
| Footballer
| Netherlands (Amsterdam)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=De Graafschap-icoon Henk 'Kappertje' Overgoor (75) overleden aan de gevolgen van corona |url=https://www.gelderlander.nl/de-graafschap/de-graafschap-icoon-henk-kappertje-overgoor-75-overleden-aan-de-gevolgen-van-corona~adf77e42/ |newspaper=[[De Gelderlander]] |accessdate=24 April 2020 |trans-title=De Graafschap icon Henk 'Kappertje' Overgoor (75) who died from the consequences of corona |first=Raymond |last=Willemsen |language=nl |date=23 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Escobar Mejía, Carlos Ernesto}}[[Death of Carlos Ernesto Escobar Mejía|Carlos Ernesto Escobar Mejía]]
| 57
| [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] detainee
| United States ([[National City, California|National City]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=He lived in the US for 40 years. Then he became the first to die from Covid-19 in immigration jail|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/12/first-ice-detainee-dies-coronavirus-immigration-carlos-ernesto-escobar-mejia|last=Levin|first=Sam|date=12 May 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rose, Burton}}[[Burton Rose]]
| 77
| Nephrologist
| United States ([[Newton, Massachusetts|Newton]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BURTON ROSE Obituary |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?n=burton-david-rose-bud&amp;pid=196075793&amp;fhid=20836 |website=[[Legacy.com]] |accessdate=26 April 2020 |date=26 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Huckaby, Mike}} [[Mike Huckaby]]
| 54
| Deep house DJ
| United States (Detroit)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/music/brian-mccollum/2020/04/25/mike-huckaby-obituary-detroit/3024684001/|title=Mike Huckaby, influential Detroit techno-house DJ and instructor, dies at 54|last=McCollum|first=Brian|newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]]|access-date=28 April 2020|date=25 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Okamoto, Yukio}} [[Yukio Okamoto]]
| {{age|1945|11|23|2020|04|24}}
| Diplomat and diplomatic analyst
| Japan (Tokyo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=nar&gt;{{cite news |first=Akihiko |last=Miyamoto |title=Yukio Okamoto, the hand that cradled the Japan-US alliance |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Life-Arts/Obituaries/Yukio-Okamoto-the-hand-that-cradled-the-Japan-US-alliance |work=[[Nikkei Asian Review]]  |date=10 May 2020 |accessdate=12 May 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510083312/https://asia.nikkei.com/Life-Arts/Obituaries/Yukio-Okamoto-the-hand-that-cradled-the-Japan-US-alliance |archivedate=10 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Abel, Alan}}[[Alan Abel (musician)|Alan Abel]]
| 91
| Percussionist and music educator
| United States (Wynnewood)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Susan |title=Alan Abel, Former Philadelphia Orchestra Percussionist and Renowned Teacher, Dies at 91 |url=https://www.wrti.org/post/alan-abel-former-philadelphia-orchestra-percussionist-and-renowned-teacher-dies-91 |publisher=[[WRTI]] |accessdate=27 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Brennand, Ricardo}}[[Ricardo Brennand]]
| {{age|1927|07|27|2020|04|25}}
| Businessman, engineer and art collector
| Brazil ([[Recife]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Morre Ricardo Brennand, aos 92 anos, vítima da Covid-19 |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/brasil/2020/04/25/interna-brasil,848240/morre-ricardo-brennand-aos-92-anos-vitima-da-covid-19.shtml |newspaper=[[Correio Braziliense]] |accessdate=25 April 2020 |language=pt-BR |date=25 April 2020 |trans-title=Ricardo Brennand dies, aged 92, victim of Covid-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kichka, Henri}}[[Henri Kichka]]
| {{age|1926|04|14|2020|04|25}}
| Holocaust survivor
| Belgium (Brussels)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Auschwitz survivor Henri Kichka dies of Covid-19 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52433656 |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=26 April 2020 |date=26 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kripke, Madeline}}[[Madeline Kripke]]
| {{age|1943|09|9|2020|04|25}}
| Book collector
| United States (New York)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Madeline Kripke, Doyenne of Dictionaries, Is Dead at 76 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/nyregion/madeline-kripke-dead-coronavirus.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=4 May 2020 |date=30 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mandell, Robert}}[[Robert Mandell (conductor)|Robert Mandell]]
| {{age|1929|08|29|2020|04|25}}
| American conductor
| United Kingdom ([[Leicester]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mack |first1=Tom |title='Leicester's Mr Music' Robert Mandell dies after contracting Covid-19 |url=https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/leicesters-mr-music-robert-mandell-4090151 |newspaper=[[Leicester Mercury]] |accessdate=30 April 2020 |date=30 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Seijbold, Gunnar}}[[Gunnar Seijbold]]
| {{age|1955|01|25|2020|04|25}}
| Photographer
| Sweden (Stockholm)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fotografen Gunnar Seijbold, 65, död i covid-19 |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/fotografen-gunnar-seijbold-65-dod-i-covid-19 |newspaper=[[SVT Nyheter]] |date=26 April 2020 |accessdate=26 April 2020 |language=sv |trans-title=Photographer Gunnar Seijbold, 65, dead in covid-19 |first=Dante |last=Thomsen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Allué, Emilio}}[[Emilio Allué]]
| {{age|1935|02|18|2020|04|26}}
| Spanish-born auxiliary bishop emeritus of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Boston]]
| United States (Boston)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bishop Emilio Allué, retired auxiliary bishop of Boston, dies |url=https://www.thebostonpilot.com/article.asp?ID=187493 |newspaper=[[The Pilot (Massachusetts newspaper)|The Boston Pilot]] |accessdate=27 April 2020 |first=Robert M. |last=O'Grady |date=26 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bernal, Laura}}[[Laura Bernal (diplomat)|Laura Bernal]]
| 64
| Argentine ambassador to Ireland (since 2016)
| Ireland (Dublin)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2020/0515/1138515-mayo-argentina-ambassador-funeral/|title=Funeral of Argentinian Ambassador takes place in Mayo|work=[[RTÉ News]]|first=Pat|last=McGrath|date=15 May 2020|accessdate=15 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Fernandes, Miquéias}}[[Miquéias Fernandes]]
| {{age|1950|08|28|2020|04|26}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Amazonas]] (1991–2002)
| Brazil ([[Manaus]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-vereador Miquéias Fernandes morre aos 69 anos vítima do novo coronavírus |url=https://g1.globo.com/am/amazonas/noticia/2020/04/26/ex-vereador-miqueias-fernandes-morre-aos-69-anos-vitima-do-novo-coronavirus.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=3 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former city councilor Miquéias Fernandes dies at 69 victim of the new coronavirus |date=26 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-26|format=dm}}{{efn|name=&quot;Announcement date&quot;| Death announced on this date}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rowlands, John}}[[John Rowlands (footballer)|John Rowlands]]
|{{age|1947|02|07|2020|4|26}}
| English footballer
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rest In Peace, John Rowlands |url=https://www.stockportcounty.com/rest-in-peace-john-rowlands/ |website=[[Stockport County F.C.]] |accessdate=27 April 2020 |date=26 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Shaikh, Badruddin}}[[Badruddin Shaikh]]
| {{age|1952|09|13|2020|04|26}}
| Leader of Opposition in [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] (since 2010)
| India ([[Ahmedabad]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Senior Congress leader Badruddin Sheikh passes away following COVID19 infection |url=http://newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=386797 |website=[[All India Radio]] |accessdate=27 April 2020 |date=27 April 2020 |archive-date=5 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505092430/http://newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=386797 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Weber, Henri}}[[Henri Weber]]
| {{age|1944|06|23|2020|04|26}}
| [[Member of the European Parliament]] (2004–2014) and Member of the [[Senate (France)|Senate]] (1995–2004)
| France ([[Avignon]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Coronavirus : le décès de Henri Weber, figure du PS et de mai 68 |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/amp/infos/politique/coronavirus-le-deces-de-henri-weber-figure-du-ps-et-de-mai-68-1587961535 |website=[[France Bleu]] |accessdate=27 April 2020 |language=fr |date=27 April 2020 |trans-title=Coronavirus: the death of Henri Weber, figure of the PS and of May 68 |first=Olivier |last=Duc}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jacobs, Yehudah}}Rabbi [[Yehudah Jacobs]]
| 80–89
| [[Mashgiach ruchani]] at [[Beth Medrash Govoha]]
| United States ([[Lakewood Township, New Jersey|Lakewood Township]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BD’E – Hagaon Harav Yehudah Jacobs, Zt&quot;l, Mashgiach of Bais Medrash Govoha |url=https://hamodia.com/2020/04/27/bde-haaon-harav-yehudah-jacobs-ztl-mashgiach-bais-medrash-govoah/ |accessdate=27 April 2020 |date=27 April 2020 |trans-title= |newspaper=[[Hamodia]] |archive-date=8 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508154428/https://hamodia.com/2020/04/27/bde-haaon-harav-yehudah-jacobs-ztl-mashgiach-bais-medrash-govoah/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-04-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mahoney, James}}[[James Mahoney (pulmonologist)|James Mahoney]]
|62
|Pulmonologist and internist
|United States (New York City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Rao|first=Ankita|date=12 May 2020|title=A legend at a Brooklyn hospital dies of Covid-19: 'He ran into the fire'|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/12/brooklyn-hospital-legend-dies-of-covid-19-james-charlie-mahoney|access-date=17 May 2020|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bhatti, Zafar Rasheed}}[[Zafar Rasheed Bhatti]]
|70
| Journalist
|Pakistan ([[Rawalpindi]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Hussain |first1=Javed |title=Senior journalist Zafar Rasheed Bhatti passes away due to coronavirus |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1552651/senior-journalist-zafar-rasheed-bhatti-passes-away-due-to-coronavirus |accessdate=27 April 2020 |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=27 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bentes, Asdrubal }}[[Asdrubal Bentes]]
| {{age|1939|7|27|2020|04|27}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1987–1991; 1997–1999 and 2001–2014)
| Brazil (Belém)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-deputado federal e ex-presidente do Paysandu, Asdrubal Bentes morre com Covid-19, em Belém |url=https://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2020/04/27/ex-deputado-federal-e-ex-presidente-do-paysandu-asdrubal-bentes-morre-com-covid-19-em-belem.ghtml|newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=9 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former member of the Chamber of Deputies from Pará, Asdrubal Bentes dies of COVID-19 in Belém. |date=27 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Perrone, Francesco}}[[Francesco Perrone]]
|{{age|1930|12|03|2020|04|27}}
| Olympic long-distance runner
|Italy ([[Bari]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ucciso dal virus il maratoneta che aveva sfidato Abebe Bikila |url=https://www.quotidianodipuglia.it/brindisi/brindisi_cellino_ucciso_dal_virus_il_maratoneta_che_aveva_sfidato_abebe_bikila-5197273.html |newspaper=Quotidiano Di Puglia |accessdate=28 April 2020 |language=it |first=Cristina |last=Pede |trans-title=The marathon runner who challenged Abebe Bikila was killed by the virus |date=28 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428130438/https://www.quotidianodipuglia.it/brindisi/brindisi_cellino_ucciso_dal_virus_il_maratoneta_che_aveva_sfidato_abebe_bikila-5197273.html |archive-date=28 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sneed, Troy}}[[Troy Sneed]]
|{{age|1967|12|14|2020|04|27}}
| Gospel musician
|United States ([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jacksonville-area gospel singer Troy Sneed dies from coronavirus |url=https://www.actionnewsjax.com/news/local/jacksonville-area-gospel-singer-troy-sneed-dies-coronavirus/CAST2HZAGJBPDGCTWFQ63AOHLE/ |publisher=[[WJAX-TV]] |accessdate=27 April 2020 |date=27 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Soemprungsuk, Chavalit}}[[Chavalit Soemprungsuk]]
|{{age|1939|7|30|2020|04|27}}
| Thai-born painter, sculptor, and printmaker
|Netherlands (Amsterdam)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Famed Thai painter, artist dies of COVID-19 in Amsterdam |url=https://coconuts.co/bangkok/news/famed-thai-painter-artist-dies-of-covid-19-in-amsterdam/ |website=[[Coconuts Media|Coconuts Bangkok]] |accessdate=6 May 2020 |date=28 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Boe, David}}[[David Boe]]
| {{age|1936|03|11|2020|04|28}}
| Organist
| United States ([[Chicago]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=David S. Boe, Longtime Organ Professor and Dean of the Conservatory, Dies at 84 |url=https://www.oberlin.edu/news/david-s-boe-longtime-organ-professor-and-dean-conservatory-dies-84 |website=[[Oberlin College and Conservatory]] |accessdate=1 May 2020 |date=30 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Njiru, Silas Silvius}}[[Silas Silvius Njiru]]
| {{age|1928|10|10|2020|04|28}}
| Kenyan Roman Catholic prelate, former bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Meru|Meru]]
| Italy (Turin)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kejitan |first1=Vincent |title=Ruto mourns death of retired Kenyan Bishop who succumbed to Coronavirus |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001369575/ruto-mourns-death-of-retired-kenyan-bishop-who-succumbed-to-coronavirus |website=UREPORT-CITIZEN JOURNALISM |accessdate=29 April 2020 |date=29 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Syahrul}}[[Syahrul]]
| {{age|1960|8|30|2020|04|28}}
| Mayor of [[Tanjung Pinang]] (since 2018)
| Indonesia ([[Tanjung Pinang]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=jpost2&gt;{{cite news |title=Tanjungpinang mayor dies at 59 after testing positive for COVID-19 |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/29/tanjungpinang-mayor-dies-at-59-after-testing-positive-for-covid-19.html |work=[[Jakarta Post]]  |date=29 April 2020 |accessdate=6 May 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506162959/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/29/tanjungpinang-mayor-dies-at-59-after-testing-positive-for-covid-19.html |archivedate=6 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Celant, Germano}}[[Germano Celant]]
| 80
| Art historian, critic and curator
| Italy (Milan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last1=Ronchi |first1=Giulia |title=Il virus uccide Germano Celant. Uno dei più grandi critici d'arte al mondo |url=https://www.artribune.com/arti-visive/arte-contemporanea/2020/04/morto-a-80-anni-il-critico-darte-germano-celant-creatore-del-movimento-arte-povera/ |magazine=Artribune |accessdate=29 April 2020 |language=it-IT |date=29 April 2020 |trans-title=The virus kills Germano Celant. One of the greatest art critics in the world}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lovett, Martin}}[[Martin Lovett]]
| 93
| Member of the [[Amadeus Quartet]] and cellist
| United Kingdom (London)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/14/obituaries/martin-lovett-dead-coronavirus.html|title=Martin Lovett, Last Living Member of the Amadeus Quartet, Dies at 93|first=David|last=Allen|date=14 May 2020|accessdate=17 May 2020|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lucas, Dick}}[[Dick Lucas (American football)|Dick Lucas]]
| {{age|1934|01|09|2020|04|29}}
| [[American football]] player
| United States (Philadelphia)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Eagles tight end Lucas dies after coronavirus battle |url=https://kfgo.com/2020/05/02/former-eagles-tight-end-lucas-dies-after-coronavirus-battle/ |publisher=[[KFGO]] |accessdate=2 May 2020 |date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Walsh, Noel}}[[Noel Walsh]]
| 84
| Military Officer, [[Gaelic football|footballer]], manager and administrator
| Ireland ([[Ennis]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/tributes-paid-to-clare-gaa-stalwart-noel-walsh-after-his-death-from-covid-19-1.4240870|title=Tributes paid to Clare GAA stalwart Noel Walsh after his death from Covid-19: The former army colonel was widely respected as one of the GAA's most influential reformers|work=[[The Irish Times]]|first=Seán|last=Moran|date=29 April 2020|accessdate=29 April 2020|quote=Everything Noel Walsh, who died on Wednesday in Ennis Hospital due to pneumonia caused by Covid-19, did was 'for the good of Clare football', according to one of the historic team of 1992, who took the Munster football title back to the county for the first time in 75 years.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chávez, Óscar}}[[Óscar Chávez]]
| {{age|1935|03|20|2020|04|30}}
| Singer
| Mexico ([[Mexico City]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muere Óscar Chávez tras ser hospitalizado con síntomas de coronavirus |url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/funcion/muere-oscar-chavez-tras-ser-hospitalizado-con-sintomas-de-coronavirus/1379264|accessdate=30 April 2020 |language=es-MX |date=30 April 2020 |trans-title=Óscar Chávez dies after being hospitalized with coronavirus symptoms |newspaper=[[Excélsior]] |first=Laura |last=Toribio}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Manducher, Jean-Marc}}[[Jean-Marc Manducher]]
| {{age|1948|08|04|2020|04|30}}
| Businessman and sports executive
| France ([[Bourg-en-Bresse]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ain. Jean-Marc Manducher, l'ancien président de l'US Oyonnax, est décédé |url=https://www.leprogres.fr/sport-local/2020/04/30/jean-marc-manducher-l-ancien-president-de-l-us-oyonnax-est-decede |newspaper=[[Le Progrès]] |accessdate=1 May 2020 |language=FR-fr |trans-title=Ain. Jean-Marc Manducher, former president of US Oyonnax, has died |date=30 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vincent, Sylvie}}[[Sylvie Vincent]]
| {{age|1941|04|27|2020|04|30}}
| Anthropologist and ethnologist
| Canada (Montreal)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Décès de l'anthropologue Sylvie Vincent |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/578177/deces-de-l-anthropologue-sylvie-vincent |newspaper=[[Le Devoir]] |accessdate=3 May 2020 |language=fr |trans-title=Death of anthropologist Sylvie Vincent |first=Caroline |last=Montpetit |date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-04-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Adamu, Suleiman}}[[Suleiman Adamu]]
| {{age|1963|04|19|2020|04|30}}
| Member of the [[Nasarawa State House of Assembly]] (since 2015)
| Nigeria ([[Keffi]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nasarawa Assembly member died of COVID-19 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/05/nasarawa-assembly-member-died-of-covid-19-%E2%80%95-gov-sule/|accessdate=6 May 2020 |date=3 May 2020 |trans-title= |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|- id=&quot;May 2020&quot;
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lihua, Yu}}[[Yu Lihua]]
| {{age|1931|11|28|2020|05|01}}
| Chinese-American writer
| United States (Washington, D.C.)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=旅美小說家於梨華新冠肺炎病逝華府 享壽90歲 |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E6%97%85%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA%E5%AE%B6%E6%96%BC%E6%A2%A8%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%B0%E5%86%A0%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E9%80%9D%E8%8F%AF%E5%BA%9C-%E4%BA%AB%E5%A3%BD90%E6%AD%B2-141510255.html |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]] |accessdate=2 May 2020 |language=zh-Hant-TW |trans-title=The novelist from the United States died at the age of 90 in Lihua's new crown pneumonia |date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lorente Castillo, África}}[[África Lorente Castillo]]
| {{age|1954|10|16|2020|05|01}}
| Member of the [[Parliament of Catalonia]] (1984–1988)
| Spain ([[Castelldefels]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere la ex diputada del PSC África Lorente a los 65 años|url=https://elpais.com/espana/catalunya/2020-05-01/muere-la-ex-diputada-del-psc-africa-lorente-a-los-65-anos.html |newspaper=[[El País]] |accessdate=4 May 2020 |language=es |trans-title=Former PSC deputy Africa Lorente dies at 6 |date=1 May 2020 |first=Pere |last=Ríos}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sandoval, Fernando}}[[Fernando Sandoval]]
| {{age|1942|11|18|2020|05|01}}
| Olympic water polo player
| Brazil (São Paulo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Integrante da seleção de polo aquático do Brasil na Olimpíada de 1968 morre vítima do coronavírus |url=https://www.surtoolimpico.com.br/2020/05/integrante-da-selecao-de-polo-aquatico.html |website=Surto Olimpico |accessdate=5 May 2020 |trans-title=Member of the Brazilian water polo team at the 1968 Olympics dies of the coronavirus |first=Marcos |last=Antônio |language=pt-br |date=1 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ansari, Allah Yar}}[[Allah Yar Ansari]]
| {{age|1943|05|01|2020|05|02}}
| Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]] (1997–1999)
| Pakistan ([[Sargodha]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-MPA dies of coronavirus in Punjab |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/02-May-2020/haji-allah-yar-ansari-ex-mpa-dies-of-coronavirus-in-punjab |newspaper=[[Daily Pakistan]] |accessdate=3 May 2020 |date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1553827|title=Ex-MPA Haji Allah Yar dies of Covid-19|date=2 May 2020|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}{{efn|name=&quot;Announcement date&quot;| Death announced on this date}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Barrios, Justa}}[[Justa Barrios]]
| {{age|1957|1|1|2020|05|02}}
| American home care worker and labor organizer
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Justa Barrios |url=https://nmass.org/justa-barrios/ |website=National Mobilization Against Sweatshops |accessdate=11 May 2020 |archive-date=15 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515172244/https://nmass.org/justa-barrios/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cross, Jim}}[[Jim Cross (ice hockey coach)|Jim Cross]]
| {{age|1933|1|1|2020|05|02}}
| [[Ice hockey]] player and coach
| United States ([[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Former UVM hockey coach Jim Cross dies due to COVID-19 complications |url=https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/sports/college/vermont/2020/05/03/former-uvm-hockey-coach-jim-cross-dies-due-covid-19-complications/3075891001/ |newspaper=[[The Burlington Free Press]] |accessdate=4 May 2020 |date=3 May 2020 |first1=Alex |last1=Abrami}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Henderson, Jim}}[[Jim Henderson (politician)|Jim Henderson]]
| {{age|1940|08|07|2020|05|02}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]] (1985–1995)
| Canada ([[Toronto]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Donald James Henderson |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/theglobeandmail/obituary.aspx?pid=196135390 |website=The Globe and Mail |accessdate=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kemp, Daniel S.}}[[Daniel S. Kemp]]
| {{age|1936|10|20|2020|05|02}}
| Organic chemist
| United States ([[Concord, Massachusetts|Concord]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Daniel Kemp, professor emeritus of chemistry, dies at 83 |url=http://news.mit.edu/2020/daniel-kemp-professor-emeritus-chemistry-dies-0508 |website=MIT News |accessdate=9 May 2020 |date=8 May 2020 |first=Danielle Randall |last=Doughty}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|McGehee, Ralph}}[[Ralph McGehee]]
| {{age|1928|04|09|2020|05|02}}
| Intelligence officer
| United States ([[Falmouth, Maine|Falmouth]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Obituary: Ralph Walter McGehee Jr. |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2020/05/05/obituary-ralph-walter-mcgehee-jr/ |newspaper=[[Portland Press Herald]] |accessdate=14 May 2020 |date=5 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mangal, Munir}}[[Munir Mangal]]
| 70
| Commander of the [[Afghan National Police]] (2010–2016)
| Afghanistan ([[Kabul]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=nytimes50220&gt;{{cite news |first=Fahim |last=Abed |title=Munir Mangal, Afghan General and Police Commander, Dies at 70 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/06/obituaries/Munir-Mangal-dead-coronavirus.html |work=[[The New York Times]]  |date=6 May 2020 |accessdate=18 May 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506211009/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/06/obituaries/Munir-Mangal-dead-coronavirus.html |archivedate=6 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ogilvie, John}}[[John Ogilvie (footballer)|John Ogilvie]]
| {{age|1928|10|28|2020|05|02}}
| Footballer
| United Kingdom (Leicester)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Owen |first1=Dave |title=Popular Leicester City veteran dies after contracting virus |url=https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/popular-leicester-city-veteran-defender-4102231 |newspaper=[[Leicester Mercury]] |accessdate=4 May 2020 |date=4 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rubin, Meyer}}[[Meyer Rubin]]
| {{age|1924|02|17|2020|05|02}}
| Geologist
| United States ([[Manassas, Virginia|Manassas]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rosenwald |first1=Michael S. |title=Geochemist Meyer Rubin, who predicted the Mount St. Helens eruption, dies of covid-19 at 96 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/geochemist-meyer-rubin-who-predicted-the-mount-st-helens-eruption-dies-of-covid-19-at-96/2020/05/28/109268d4-a057-11ea-9590-1858a893bd59_story.html |website=The Washington Post |accessdate=29 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tripathi, Ajay Kumar}}[[Ajay Kumar Tripathi]]
| {{age|1957|11|12|2020|05|02}}
| Judicial Member of [[Lokpal]] (since 2019) and [[Chief Justice]] of Chhattisgarh High Court (2018–2019)
| India ([[New Delhi]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Lokpal member Justice Tripathi dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/lokpal-member-justice-tripathi-dies-of-covid19/1822038 |magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |accessdate=2 May 2020 |date=2 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Greenfield, Dave}}[[Dave Greenfield]]
| {{age|1949|03|29|2020|05|02}}
| Member of [[The Stranglers]] and keyboardist
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Stranglers' keyboardist Dave Greenfield dies after contracting Covid-19 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/may/04/stranglers-keyboardist-dave-greenfield-dies-after-contracting-covid-19 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |agency=PA Media |date=4 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Döngeloğlu, Ömer}}[[Ömer Döngeloğlu]]
| 52
| Theologian
| Turkey (Istanbul)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/gundem/ilahiyatci-omer-dongeloglu-edirnekapi-sehitligine-defnedildi-6204434 |title=İlahiyatçı Ömer Döngeloğlu Edirnekapı Şehitliği'ne defnedildi |trans-title=Theologian Ömer Döngeloğlu was buried in Edirnekapı Martyrdom |date=3 May 2020 |newspaper=[[Milliyet]] | language = tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gyalzur, Tendol}}[[Tendol Gyalzur]]
| 69
| Tibetan-Swiss humanitarian
| Switzerland ([[Chur]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kurczy|first=Stephen|date=15 May 2020|title=Tendol Gyalzur, Refugee Who Founded Orphanages in Tibet, Dies|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/15/obituaries/tendol-gyalzur-dead-coronavirus.html|access-date=16 May 2020|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lester, Roy}}[[Roy Lester]]
| 96
| [[American football]] player and coach
| United States ([[Rockville, Maryland|Rockville]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Graham |first1=Glenn |title=Roy Lester, former Maryland football coach and Montgomery County legend, dies of coronavirus complications |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/bs-md-ob-cv-roy-lester-maryland-football-coach-20200504-6fnea6pvhvgvxa33ey5ukmu22m-story.html |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |accessdate=5 May 2020 |date=5 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Omar, Mohamed Ben}}[[Mohamed Ben Omar]]
| {{age|1965|1|1|2020|05|03}}
| Minister of Employment, Labor and Social Protection (since 2017)
| Niger ([[Niamey]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Niger labour minister died from coronavirus: public TV |url=https://ewn.co.za/2020/05/05/niger-labour-minister-died-from-coronavirus-public-tv |work=[[Eyewitness News (South Africa)|Eyewitness News]] |accessdate=6 May 2020 |date=5 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Blanc, Aldir}}[[Aldir Blanc]]
| {{age|1946|9|2|2020|05|04}}
| Author and lyricist
| Brazil ([[Rio de Janeiro]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aldir Blanc, compositor e escritor, morre de Covid-19 no Rio |url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2020/05/04/aldir-blanc-compositor-e-escritor-morre-no-rio.ghtml |website=[[G1 (website)]] |accessdate=4 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Aldir Blanc, songwriter and author, dies of COVID-19 in Rio |date=4 May 2020 |first1=Alba Valéria |last1=Mendonça |first2=Cláudia |last2=Loureiro |first3=Edimílson |last3=Ávila}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Huthwaite, Motoko Fujishiro}}[[Motoko Fujishiro Huthwaite]]
| {{age|1927|8|24|2020|05|04}}
| Preservationist ([[Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program|Monuments Men]])
| United States ([[Westland, Michigan|Westland]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Claims the Life of the Last Living Monuments Woman |url=https://www.monumentsmenfoundation.org/post/covid-19-claims-the-life-of-the-last-living-monuments-woman |website=[[Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art]] |accessdate=20 May 2020 |date=5 May 2020 |first=Robert M. |last=Edsel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vučić, Dragan}}[[Dragan Vučić]]
| 64
| Composer and singer
| North Macedonia ([[Skopje]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Beta |first1=Piše |title=Preminuo makedonski TV voditelj i muzičar Dragan Vučić od korona virusa |url=https://www.danas.rs/svet/preminuo-makedonski-tv-voditelj-i-muzicar-dragan-vucic-od-korona-virusa/ |website=Dnevni list Danas |language=sr-RS |date=4 May 2020 |trans-title=Macedonian TV presenter and musician Dragan Vučić dies of coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Axsmith, Brian}}[[Brian Axsmith]]
| 57
| [[Paleobotanist]] and ecology professor
| United States
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=wala&gt;{{cite news |title=University of South Alabama professor dies from COVID-19 |url=https://www.fox10tv.com/news/coronavirus/university-of-south-alabama-professor-dies-from-covid-19/article_956b3318-8f0b-11ea-b45e-afcf5d488286.html |publisher=[[WALA-TV]]  |date=6 May 2020 |accessdate=10 May 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509111049/https://www.fox10tv.com/news/coronavirus/university-of-south-alabama-professor-dies-from-covid-19/article_956b3318-8f0b-11ea-b45e-afcf5d488286.html |archivedate=9 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pessoa, Ciro}}[[Ciro Pessoa]]
| {{age|1957|6|12|2020|5|5}}
| Singer-songwriter
| Brazil (São Paulo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Morre Ciro Pessoa, um dos fundadores dos Titãs |url=https://www.radiorock.com.br/2020/05/05/morre-ciro-pessoa-um-dos-fundadores-dos-titas/ |website=A Rádio Rock – 89,1 FM – SP |accessdate=5 May 2020 |language=pt-br |date=5 May 2020 |trans-title=Ciro Pessoa, founding member of Titãs, dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Reymond, Jacques}}[[Jacques Reymond]]
| {{age|1950|8|30|2020|5|6}}
| Swiss ski trainer
|
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ehemaliger Skitrainer Jacques Reymond gestorben |url=https://www.skinews.ch/news/2020/ehemaliger-skitrainer-gestorben/ |website=Ski News |accessdate=14 May 2020 |language=de-DE |date=8 May 2020 |trans-title=Former ski trainer Jacques Reymond died}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bourbon-Parma, Princess Diana of}}[[Princess Diana of Bourbon-Parma]]
| {{age|1932|5|22|2020|05|07}}
| Princess of the House of Bourbon-Parma
| Germany ([[Hamburg]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/loc/casa-real/2020/05/12/5eb9975dfdddff76888b4570.html|title=¿Quién es la última princesa fallecida por coronavirus y cuál es su vínculo con la Familia Real española?|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|language=es|date=7 May 2020|accessdate=2 June 2020|trans-title=Who is the last princess who died of coronavirus and what is her link with the Spanish Royal Family?}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cauchy, Daniel}}[[Daniel Cauchy]]
| {{age|1930|3|13|2020|05|07}}
| French actor and film producer
| France
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/mort-du-comedien-daniel-cauchy-emporte-par-le-coronavirus-20200509|title=Mort du comédien Daniel Cauchy, emporté par le coronavirus|newspaper=[[Le Figaro]]|first=Olivier |last=Delcroix|language=fr|date=9 May 2020|accessdate=16 May 2020|trans-title=Death of actor Daniel Cauchy, killed by coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Daisy, Lúcidi}}[[Daisy Lúcidi]]
| {{age|1929|8|10|2020|05|07}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro]] (1980–1988), Actress and radio broadcaster
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Atriz e radialista Daisy Lúcidi morre de Covid-19 no Rio |url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2020/05/07/atriz-daisy-lucidi-morre-no-rio.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=7 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Actress and radio broadcaster Daisy Lúcidi dies of COVID-19 in Rio. |date=9 May 2020 |first1=Elza |last1=Gimenez| first2=Rogério |last2=Coutinho |first3=Cláudia |last3=Loureiro}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chijioke, Ben}}[[Ty (rapper)|Ty]]
| {{age|1972|08|17|2020|05|07}}
| Rapper
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ty Chijioke has died |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/music/2020/05/07/ty-chijioke-has-died/ |website=Voice Online |accessdate=7 May 2020 |date=7 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Davidson, Joyce}}[[Joyce Davidson]]
| {{age|1931|04|14|2020|05|07}}
| Television presenter
| Canada ([[Toronto]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Joyce Inez Davidson-Susskind |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thestar/obituary.aspx?n=joyce-inez-davidson-susskind&amp;pid=196164919&amp;fhid=9911 |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |accessdate=14 May 2020 |via=[[Legacy.com]] |date=9 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|González Pacheco, Antonio}}[[Antonio González Pacheco]]
| {{age|1946|10|10|2020|05|07}}
| [[Political-Social Brigade]] inspector
| Spain ([[Madrid]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muere por coronavirus Billy El Niño, el policía franquista acusado de torturador |url=https://elpais.com/espana/2020-05-07/muere-por-coronavirus-billy-el-nino-el-policia-franquista-acusado-de-torturador.html |newspaper=[[El País]] |accessdate=7 May 2020 |language=es |date=7 May 2020 |trans-title=Billy El Niño, the Francoist police accused of torturer, dies of coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Braga, Lúcia}}[[Lúcia Braga]]
| {{age|1934|12|13|2020|05|8}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1987–1995 and 2003–2007)
| Brazil ([[João Pessoa, Paraíba|João Pessoa]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lúcia Braga, ex-deputada da PB, tem teste positivo para Covid-19; resultado foi liberado após morte |url=https://g1.globo.com/pb/paraiba/noticia/2020/05/11/lucia-braga-ex-deputada-da-pb-tem-teste-positivo-para-covid-19-resultado-foi-liberado-apos-morte.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=19 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Lúcia Braga, former Deputy of Paraíba, tested positive for COVID-19; result was released post mortem |date=9 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wilson braga 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-governador da Paraíba Wilson Braga morre aos 88 anos por Covid-19, em João Pessoa |url=https://g1.globo.com/pb/paraiba/noticia/2020/05/18/ex-governador-da-paraiba-wilson-braga-morre-aos-88-anos-por-covid-19-em-joao-pessoa.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=19 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former Governor of Paraíba Wilson Braga dies at 88 from COVID-19, in João Pessoa |date=18 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wilson braga 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-governador da Paraíba Wilson Braga morre de covid-19 aos 88 anos |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2020/05/18/morre-ex-governador-da-pb-wilson-braga.htm |newspaper=[[Universo Online|UOl]] |accessdate=19 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former Governor of Paraíba Wilson Braga died from COVID-19 at 88 |date=18 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chediak, Jesus}}[[Jesus Chediak]]
| {{age|1941|8|10|2020|05|08}}
| Actor, film director, producer and writer
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Jesus Chediak morre de Covid-19 no Rio de Janeiro |url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2020/05/08/jesus-chediak-morre-de-covid-19-no-rio-de-janeiro.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=18 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Jesus Chediak dies of COVID-19 in Rio. |date=8 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gomes, Vicente André}}[[Vicente André Gomes]]
| {{age|1952|01|18|2020|05|08}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1995–1999)
| Brazil (Recife)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-deputado federal Vicente André Gomes morre de Covid-19 aos 68 anos, no Recife |url=https://g1.globo.com/pe/pernambuco/noticia/2020/05/09/ex-deputado-federal-vicente-andre-gomes-morre-aos-68-anos-no-recife.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=10 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former member of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil Vicente André Gomes, dies from COVID-19 in Recife. |date=9 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kremastinos, Dimitris}}[[Dimitris Kremastinos]]
| 78
| Member of the [[Hellenic Parliament]] (2009–2019), Vice President of the Hellenic Parliament (2015–2019) and [[Minister of Health (Greece)|Minister of Health]] (1993–1996)
| Greece ([[Athens]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Πέθανε από κορωνοϊό ο Δημήτρης Κρεμαστινός |url=https://www.cnn.gr/news/ellada/story/212907/pethane-apo-koronoio-o-dimitris-kremastinos |website=[[CNN International|CNN.gr]] |accessdate=8 May 2020 |language=el |date=8 May 2020 |trans-title=Dimitris Kremastinos died of coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Horn, Roy}}[[Siegfried &amp; Roy|Roy Horn]]
| {{age|1944|10|3|2020|05|08}}
| Member of [[Siegfried &amp; Roy]], stage magician and lion tamer
| United States ([[Las Vegas]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|last=Boucher|first=Ashley|title=Siegfried &amp; Roy Illusionist Roy Horn Dies of Complications from the Coronavirus at 75|url=https://people.com/health/roy-horn-dead-coronavirus-siegfried-and-roy-illusionist-75/|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=8 May 2020|accessdate=8 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Tighe, Carl}} [[Carl Tighe]]
| {{age|1950|04|26|2020|05|08}}
| Author, scholar of Eastern European literature
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Abbit |first=Beth |date=21 May 2020 |title=Manchester author Carl Tighe dies after battle with Covid-19 |newspaper=[[Manchester Evening News]] |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/acclaimed-manchester-author-carl-tighe-18288470 |access-date=21 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Beck, Johannes}}[[Johannes Beck]]
| {{age|1922|11|01|2020|05|09}}
| [[Jesuit]] priest and social ethicist
| Germany ([[Munich]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ältester Jesuit der Deutschen Provinz an Covid-19 gestorben |url=https://neuesruhrwort.de/2020/05/10/aeltester-jesuit-der-deutschen-provinz-an-covid-19-gestorben/ |website=Neues Ruhr-Wort |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=de-DE |date=10 May 2020 |trans-title=Elderly Jesuit of the German Province died of Covid-19 |archive-date=17 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517080655/https://neuesruhrwort.de/2020/05/10/aeltester-jesuit-der-deutschen-provinz-an-covid-19-gestorben/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|José, Carlos}}[[Carlos José]]
| {{age|1934|9|22|2020|05|09}}
| Singer-songwriter
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Morre o cantor Carlos José, aos 85 anos, vítima de Covid-19 |trans-title=Singer Carlos José, dies from COVID-19 at 85 |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/morre-cantor-carlos-jose-aos-85-anos-vitima-de-covid-19-1-24419168 |newspaper=[[O Globo]] |accessdate=11 May 2020 |language=pt-br |date=9 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Palatnik, Abraham}}[[Abraham Palatnik]]
| {{age|1928|2|19|2020|05|09}}
| Artist and inventor
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Artista plástico Abraham Palatnik morre, aos 92 anos, vítima da Covid-19 |url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2020/05/09/artista-plastico-abraham-palatnik-morre-aos-92-anos-vitima-da-covid-19.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=9 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Plastic artist Abraham Palatnik, dies at 92, victim of COVID-19. |date=9 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Corrêa, David}}[[David Corrêa]]
| {{age|1937|6|5|2020|05|10}}
| Singer-songwriter
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=David Corrêa, maior vencedor de sambas-enredo da Portela, morre no Rio aos 82 anos |url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2020/05/10/david-correa-morre-no-rio.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=11 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=David Corrêa, biggest sambas-enredo winner of Portela, dies in Rio at the age 82 |date=10 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kabir Talukdar, Anwarul}}[[Anwarul Kabir Talukdar]]
| {{age|1944|01|01|2020|05|10}}
|[[Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources|Minister of Power]] (2006) and Member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (2001–2006)
|Bangladesh ([[Dhaka]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former state minister Anwarul Kabir Talukder dies of coronavirus |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=256202 |newspaper=[[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)]] |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=10 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sant'Anna, Sérgio}}[[Sérgio Sant'Anna]]
| {{age|1941|10|30|2020|05|10}}
| Writer
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sérgio Sant'Anna, renovador do conto, morre aos 78 vítima do coronavírus |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2020/05/sergio-santanna-renovador-do-conto-morre-aos-78-vitima-do-coronavirus.shtml |newspaper=[[Folha de S.Paulo]] |accessdate=10 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Sérgio Sant'Aanna, dies at 78 victim of coronavirus |date=10 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vasudevan, Hari}}[[Hari Vasudevan]]
|68
|Historian
|India ([[Kolkata]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Historian Hari Sankar Vasudevan dies of Covid-19 in Kolkata|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/historian-hari-sankar-vasudevan-dies-of-covid-19-in-kolkata/story-6yoMiE5egq7Hivi7F9k5aI.html|date=10 May 2020|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=11 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Wa'ays, Abdikani Mohamed}}[[Abdikani Mohamed Wa'ays]]
| 92
|Somalian Ambassador to Egypt and the [[Arab League]] (since 2018)
|[[Kuwait]]
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=go2&gt;{{cite news |first=|last=|title=Somalia's envoy to Egypt dies from coronavirus in Kuwait |url=https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalias-envoy-to-egypt-succumbs-to-coronavirus-in-kuwait |work=[[Garowe Online]]  |publisher= |date=10 May 2020 |accessdate=7 June 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522194523/https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalias-envoy-to-egypt-succumbs-to-coronavirus-in-kuwait |archivedate=22 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Carpani, Alberto}}[[Alberto Carpani]]
|64
|Singer
|Italy ([[Portofino]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Addio ad Albert One: il cantante e dj pavese è stato portato via dal Covid, aveva 64 anni|url=https://primapavia.it/cronaca/addio-ad-albert-one-il-cantante-e-dj-pavese-e-stato-portato-via-dal-covid-aveva-64-anni/|date=11 May 2020|language=it|access-date=11 May 2020|trans-title=Farewell to Albert One: the singer and DJ from Pavia was taken away by Covid, he was 64|work=Prima Pavia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mitchell, Ann Katharine}}[[Ann Katharine Mitchell]]
|{{age|1922|11|19|2020|05|11}}
|Cryptanalyst and psychologist
|United Kingdom ([[Edinburgh]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tributes paid as WW2 code breaker dies aged 97 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-52698087 |website=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=17 May 2020 |date=17 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Claude, Renée}}[[Renée Claude]]
| {{age|1939|07|3|2020|05|12}}
| Singer and actress
| Canada (Montreal)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=La chanteuse Renée Claude emportée par la COVID-19 à l’âge de 80 ans |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1702216/mort-renee-claude-80-ans |website=[[Radio Canada]] |language=fr-ca |access-date=12 May 2020 |trans-title=The singer Renée Claude carried away by COVID-19 at the age of 80}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hood, Morris}}[[Morris Hood III]]
| {{age|1965|05|21|2020|05|12}}
| Member of the [[Michigan Senate]] (2010–2018) and [[Michigan House of Representatives]] (2002–2008)
|United States ([[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Sen. Morris Hood III dies at 54 of COVID-19 |url=https://www.crainsdetroit.com/obituaries/former-sen-morris-hood-iii-dies-54-covid-19 |website=[[Crain's Detroit Business]] |accessdate=12 May 2020 |date=12 May 2020 |first=Chad |last=Livengood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|- 
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mini, Mini}}[[Clarence Mini]]
| {{age|1951|11|06|2020|05|12}}
| Chairperson of the Council of Medical Schemes, [[uMkhonto we Sizwe]], AIDS activist.
|South Africa ([[Johannesburg]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=Council For Medical Schemes Chair Dr Clarence Mini Dies Of COVID-19|url=https://iafrica.com/council-for-medical-schemes-chair-dr-clarence-mini-dies-of-covid-19/|access-date=22 June 2020|website=iAfrica|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/lives-lost-south-african-activist-targeted-apartheid-hiv/2020/06/19/a6195242-b1ea-11ea-98b5-279a6479a1e4_story.html|title=Lives Lost: South African activist targeted apartheid, HIV|first=Mogomotsi Magome|last=AP|website=Washington Post|access-date=2020-09-15|archive-date=2020-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625112306/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/lives-lost-south-african-activist-targeted-apartheid-hiv/2020/06/19/a6195242-b1ea-11ea-98b5-279a6479a1e4_story.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Abraha, Afwerki}} [[Afwerki Abraha]]
| 71
| Eritrean diplomat
| United Kingdom (London)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=bbct&gt;{{cite news |first=Teklemariam |last=Bekit |title=Covid-19: Respected Eritrean freedom fighter dies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cz4pr2gdgjyt/eritrea |work=[[BBC World Service]]  |publisher= |date=13 May 2020 |accessdate=8 June 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608221108/https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cz4pr2gdgjyt/eritrea |archivedate=8 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bailey, Anthony}} [[Anthony Bailey (author)|Anthony Bailey]]
| 87
| Writer and art historian
| United Kingdom ([[Harwich]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Thrush |first1=Glenn |title=Anthony Bailey, Biographer With Restless Literary Spirit, Dies at 87 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/books/anthony-bailey-dead-coronavirus.html |accessdate=27 May 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ismat, Riad}}[[Riad Ismat]]
| {{age|1947|07|11|2020|05|13}}
| [[Ministry of Culture (Syria)|Minister of Culture of Syria]] (2010–2012)
| United States (Chicago)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://syrianobserver.com/EN/news/58012/former-culture-minister-riad-ismat-dies-of-coronavirus-in-us.html|title=Former Culture Minister Riad Ismat Dies of Coronavirus in Us|website=The Syrian Observer|date=15 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Shobushi}}[[Shobushi Kanji|Shobushi]]
| {{age|1991|11|04|2020|05|13}}
| Sumo wrestler
| Japan (Tokyo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/05/2710c4489399-breaking-news-sumo-wrestler-dies-after-being-infected-with-new-coronavirus.html |title=28-year-old sumo wrestler dies after coronavirus infection |author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date=13 May 2020 |agency=[[Kyodo News]] |access-date=13 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Simon, Patrick}}[[Patrick Simon (politician)|Patrick Simon]]
| 64
| Mayor of [[Villers-Bretonneux]] (since 2008), proponent of [[Australia–France relations]]
| France ([[Amiens]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=smh&gt;{{cite news |first=Bevan |last=Shields |title=Australia's best friend in France dies from coronavirus |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/australia-s-best-friend-in-france-dies-from-coronavirus-20200514-p54sro.html |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]  |publisher= |date=14 May 2020 |accessdate=27 July 2020 |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Yoshio}}[[Yoshio (singer)|Yoshio]]
| {{age|1949|10|15|2020|05|13}}
| Singer
| Mexico (Mexico City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yoshio dies of coronavirus; he was popular mexican singer |url=https://www.archyde.com/yoshio-dies-of-coronavirus-he-was-popular-mexican-singer/ |date=14 May 2020 |work=Archyde}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Anisuzzaman}}[[Anisuzzaman]]
| {{age|1937|02|18|2020|05|14}}
| Bangladeshi writer, activist and [[National Professor]]
| Bangladesh ([[Dhaka]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/national-professor-anisuzzaman-no-more-1902586 |title=National Professor Anisuzzaman no more; test result shows he was Covid-19 positive  |author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date=14 May 2020 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=19 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Borgström, Claes}}[[Claes Borgström]]
| {{age|1944|07|21|2020|05|15}}
| Lawyer
| Sweden (Stockholm)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Advokat Claes Borgström har avlidit |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/advokaten-claes-borgstrom-har-avlidit |publisher=[[Sveriges Television]] |accessdate=15 May 2020 |language=sv |date=15 May 2020 |trans-title=Attorney Claes Borgström has passed away}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Savary, Olga}}[[Olga Savary]]
| {{age|1933|5|21|2020|05|15}}
| Writer and literary critic
| Brazil ([[Teresópolis]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/morre-escritora-jornalista-tradutora-olga-savary-aos-86-anos-24431147|title=Morre a escritora, jornalista e tradutora Olga Savary, aos 86 anos|trans-title=Writer, journalist and translator Olga Savary dies at 86| date=16 May 2020|newspaper=[[O Globo]]|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Conteúdo|first=Estadão|date=16 May 2020|title=Morre poeta Olga Savary aos 86 anos|trans-title=Poet Olga Savary dies at 86|url=https://istoe.com.br/morre-poeta-olga-savary-aos-86-anos/|language=pt|newspaper=[[Istoé]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chermont, Mário}}[[Mário Chermont]]
| {{age|1937|01|21|2020|05|16}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1991–1995)
| Brazil ([[Belém]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-presidente da Alepa e deputado Mário Chermont morre aos 83 anos por complicações da Covid-19 |url=https://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2020/05/16/ex-presidente-da-alepa-e-deputado-mario-chermont-morre-aos-83-anos-por-complicacoes-da-covid-19.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=10 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former President of the Chamber of Deputies and Federal Deputy Mário Chermont dies at 83 due to complications from COVID-19. |date=16 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jerman, Wilson Roosevelt}}[[Wilson Roosevelt Jerman]]
| {{age|1929|01|21|2020|05|16}}
| White House butler to 11 [[U.S. presidents]]
| United States ([[Woodbridge, Virginia|Woodbridge]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Levenson|first=Michael|title=Wilson Jerman, Longtime White House Butler, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/21/us/politics/wilson-jerman-dead-coronavirus.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=21 May 2020|accessdate=21 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pellicer, Pilar}}[[Pilar Pellicer]]
| {{age|1938|02|02|2020|05|16}}
| Actress
| Mexico (Mexico City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Murió de coronavirus la actriz Pilar Pellicer a los 82 años |url=https://www.clarin.com/internacional/murio-coronavirus-actriz-pilar-pellicer-82-anos_0_HCridF-v7.html |work=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |accessdate=16 May 2020 |language=es |date=16 May 2020 |trans-title=Acress Pilas Pellicer dies of coronavirus at 82}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Braga, Wilson}}[[Wilson Braga]]
| {{age|1931|7|18|2020|05|17}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1967–1982, 1995–2003 and 2007–2011) and Governor of [[Paraíba]] (1983–1987)
| Brazil (João Pessoa)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;wilson braga 1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wilson braga 2&quot; /&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Matkari, Ratnakar}}[[Ratnakar Matkari]]
| {{age|1938|11|17|2020|05|17}}
| Writer and film producer
| India ([[Mumbai]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=Marathi writer, playwright Ratnakar Matkari dead|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/amp/marathi-writer-playwright-ratnakar-matkari-dead/1837818|access-date=18 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Olner, Bill}}[[Bill Olner]]
| {{age|1942|05|09|2020|05|18}}
| [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (1992–2010)
| United Kingdom ([[Nuneaton]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Harrison |first1=Claire |title=Tragic death of former Nuneaton MP |url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/local-news/tragic-death-former-nuneaton-mp-18272462 |newspaper=[[Coventry Telegraph]] |accessdate=18 May 2020 |date=18 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Malone, Vincent}}[[Vincent Malone]]
| {{age|1931|09|11|2020|05|18}}
| Auxiliary Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool|Liverpool]] (1989–2006)
| United Kingdom ([[Liverpool]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bishop Vincent Malone dies aged 88 after testing positive for coronavirus |url=https://www.leighjournal.co.uk/news/18457073.bishop-vincent-malone-dies-aged-88-testing-positive-coronavirus/ |newspaper=Leigh Journal |accessdate=18 May 2020 |first=Simon |last=Mulligan |date=18 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Glenn, Annie}}[[Annie Glenn]]
| {{age|1920|02|17|2020|05|19}}
| Disability rights advocate and widow of [[John Glenn]]
| United States ([[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/annie-glenn-died-widow-astronaut-senator-john-glenn-dead-age-100-cause-of-death-coronavirus/|title=Annie Glenn, widow of astronaut and U.S. Senator John Glenn, dies of coronavirus complications at age 100|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=19 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Nightingall, Ken}}[[Ken Nightingall]]
| {{age|1928|1|1|2020|05|19}}
| Sound engineer
| United Kingdom
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/Culture/meet-ken-nightingall-mysterious-pink-shorts-boom-guy/story?id=64507354|title=Meet Ken Nightingall, the mysterious 'Pink Shorts Boom Guy' from Star Wars that cosplayers have plucked from obscurity |work=[[ABC News]]|date=22 May 2020 |first=Clayton |last=Sandell}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.avclub.com/r-i-p-star-wars-boom-operator-ken-nightingall-1843594246|title=R.I.P. Star Wars boom operator Ken Nightingall|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|date=22 May 2020|first=William|last=Hughes|access-date=15 September 2020|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605071505/https://news.avclub.com/r-i-p-star-wars-boom-operator-ken-nightingall-1843594246|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vianna, Gil}}[[Gil Vianna]]
| {{age|1965|07|10|2020|05|19}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro]] (since 2017)
| Brazil ([[Campos dos Goytacazes]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Deputado Estadual Gil Vianna morre com Covid-19 em hospital particular de Campos, no RJ |url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/norte-fluminense/noticia/2020/05/20/deputado-estadual-gil-vianna-morre-com-covid-19-em-hospital-particular-de-campos-no-rj.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=3 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=State Deputy Gil Vianna dies of COVID-19 at a Campos dos Goytacazes hospital, in RJ |date=20 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Raza, Shaheen}}[[Shaheen Raza]]
| 60
| Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]] (since 2018)
| Pakistan ([[Lahore]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=PTI MPA Shaheen Raza dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/pakistan/2020/05/pti-mpa-shaheen-raza-dies-of-covid-19v456/ |publisher=[[Samaa TV]] |accessdate=20 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Agha, Syed Fazal}}[[Syed Fazal Agha]]
| 78
| Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of Balochistan]] (since 2018), [[Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan|Governor of Balochistan]] (1999) and [[Deputy Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan|Deputy Chairman of the Senate]] (1988–1991)
| Pakistan ([[Karachi]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1558552|title=Former Balochistan governor dies at Karachi hospital after testing positive for Covid-19|first=Syed Ali|last=Shah|date=20 May 2020|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Farkasfalvy, Denis}}[[Denis Farkasfalvy]]
| {{age|1936|06|26|2020|05|20}}
| Hungarian-born [[Cistercian order|Cistercian]] [[abbot]] and theologian
| United States ([[Irving, Texas|Irving]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://obits.dallasnews.com/obituaries/dallasmorningnews/obituary.aspx?n=denis-farkasfalvy&amp;pid=196226759|title=Abbot Denis Farkasfalvy 1936 – 2020|date=22 May 2020|newspaper=[[Dallas Morning News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Wilson J., Mary}}[[Mary J. Wilson]]
| {{age|1937|01|02|2020|05|21}}
| First African-American senior zookeeper at the [[Maryland Zoo]] in Baltimore
| United States ([[Randallstown, Maryland|Randallstown]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mary Wilson, 83, first Black senior zookeeper at Maryland Zoo|url=https://www.phillytrib.com/obituaries/mary-wilson-83-first-black-senior-zookeeper-at-maryland-zoo/article_54c75d5f-52ec-5028-8975-54d99132f96b.html|access-date=9 June 2020|website=The Philadelphia Tribune|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Nahar Putul, Kamrun}}[[Kamrun Nahar Putul]]
| 65
| Member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (1996–2001)
| Bangladesh ([[Bogura]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Bogura AL MP Kamrun Nahar found Covid-19 positive after death |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/former-al-lawmaker-kamrun-nahar-dies-covid-19-symptoms-bogura-1905019 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=22 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ryckeboer, Hugo}}[[Hugo Ryckeboer]]
| {{age|1935|07|26|2020|05|21}}
| Dialectologist
| Belgium ([[Oudenaarde]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.neerlandistiek.nl/2020/05/overleden-hugo-ryckeboer-1935-2020/|title=Overleden: Hugo Ryckeboer (1935–2020)|date=25 May 2020|newspaper=[[:nl:Neerlandistiek|Neerlandistiek]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pande, Jitendra Nath}}[[Jitendra Nath Pande]]
| 79
| Professor of Medicine at the [[AIIMS, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Studies]]
| India (New Delhi)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Legendary chest specialist Dr JN Pande dies at 79 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/legendary-chest-specialist-dr-jn-pande-dies-at-79-5990441.htm |work=[[CNBC TV18]] |accessdate=23 May 2020 |date=23 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cholponbayev, Mukar}}[[Mukar Cholponbayev]]
| 70
| Chairman of [[Supreme Council (Kyrgyzstan)|The Legislative Assembly of Kyrgyzstan]] (1995–1996) and [[Ministry of Justice (Kyrgyzstan)|Minister of Justice]] (1993–1995)
| Kyrgyzstan ([[Bishkek]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://akipress.com/news:642141:Ex-Speaker_of_Kyrgyz_Parliament_dies_of_Covid-19/ |title=Ex-Speaker of Kyrgyz Parliament dies of Covid-19 |work=[[AKIpress news agency]] |date=24 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}]&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hossain, Makbul}}[[Makbul Hossain]]
| 70
| Member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (1996–2001)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former AL lawmaker Maqbul Hossain dies |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/former-al-lawmaker-maqbul-hossain-dies-1905553 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |accessdate=26 May 2020 |date=24 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kanjo, Hussain Ahmad}}[[Hussain Ahmad Kanjo]]
| 
| Minister for Science and Technology of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] (2002–2007)
| Pakistan ([[Kanju]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=CM KP condoles death of Wazir Hussain Ahmed Kanju |url=http://www.radio.gov.pk/25-05-2020/cm-kp-condoles-death-of-wazir-hussain-ahmed-kanju |website=[[Radio Pakistan]] |accessdate=17 June 2020 |date=25 May 2020 |archive-date=17 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617212525/http://www.radio.gov.pk/25-05-2020/cm-kp-condoles-death-of-wazir-hussain-ahmed-kanju |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Wanderley, Dinaldo}}[[Dinaldo Wanderley]]
| {{age|1950|06|20|2020|05|24}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Paraíba]] (2007–2010)
| Brazil (João Pessoa)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-prefeito de Patos, Dinaldo Wanderley morre por Covid-19 aos 69 anos, em João Pessoa |url=https://g1.globo.com/pb/paraiba/noticia/2020/05/24/ex-prefeito-de-patos-dinaldo-wanderley-morre-aos-69-anos-em-joao-pessoa.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=3 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former Mayor of Patos, Dinaldo Wanderley dies of COVID-19 at the age 69, in João Pessoa. |date=24 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gamadiid, Ismail}}[[Ismail Gamadiid]]
|
| Minister of Agriculture, the Environment, and Climate Change of [[Puntland]] (since 2019)
| Somalia (Mogadishu)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=allafrica&gt;{{cite news |first=|last=|title=Somalia: Puntland Minister Succumbs to COVID-19 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202005260181.html |work=[[Dalsan Radio]]  |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]] |date=25 May 2020 |accessdate=7 June 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604214939/https://allafrica.com/stories/202005260181.html |archivedate=6 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Luster, Marv}}[[Marv Luster]]
| {{age|1937|11|27|2020|05|25}}
| American [[Canadian Football League|CFL]] player
| United States ([[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Luster’s legacy remembered following passing of Argos’ all-time great |url=https://calgarysun.com/sports/football/cfl/toronto-argonauts/lusters-legacy-remembered-following-passing-of-argos-all-time-great/wcm/1f960b44-aaff-4a0b-84fa-793eac3d406c |newspaper=[[Calgary Sun]] |accessdate=31 May 2020 |date=26 May 2020 |first=Frank |last=Zicarelli}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gasparov, Samvel}}[[Samvel Gasparov]]
| 81
| Film director
| Russia (Moscow)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Умер режиссер Самвел Гаспаров |url=https://www.intermedia.ru/news/347762 |website=[[InterMedia (agency)]] |accessdate=29 May 2020 |language=ru |trans-title=Director Samvel Gasparov dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lopukhin, Vladimir}}[[Vladimir Lopukhin]]
| 68
| [[Ministry of Energy (Russia)|Minister of Energy]] (1991–1992)
| Russia (Moscow)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Первый министр топлива и энергетики России умер от коронавируса |url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/30634900.html |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |accessdate=27 May 2020 |language=ru |trans-title=Russia's first Minister of Fuel and Energy dies of coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rinaldi, Nicholas}} [[Nicholas Rinaldi]]
| 86
| Poet and novelist
| United States ([[Bridgeport]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=11 June 2020 |title=Nicholas Rinaldi, Writer of Character-Rich Novels, Dies at 86 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/books/nicholas-rinaldi-dead-coronavirus.html |access-date=11 June 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Brooks, David Owen}} [[David Owen Brooks]]
| 65
| Convicted murderer, accomplice to [[serial killer]] [[Dean Corll]]
| United States ([[Galveston]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 June 2020 |title=Former Henchman of Houston Killer Corll Dies of COVID-19 |language=en-US |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[KXAS-TV]] |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/texas-news/former-henchman-of-houston-killer-corll-dies-of-covid-19/2386839/ |access-date=11 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Goasguen, Claude}}[[Claude Goasguen]]
| {{age|1945|03|12|2020|05|28}}
| Member of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] (since 1997)
| France (Paris)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Cosnard |first1=Denis |title=Claude Goasguen, député Les Républicains de Paris, est mort du Covid-19 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2020/05/28/claude-goasguen-depute-les-republicains-de-paris-est-mort_6041029_3382.html |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |accessdate=28 May 2020 |language=fr |date=28 May 2020 |trans-title=Claude Goasguen, deputy Les Républicains de Paris, died of the Covid-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Laughlin, Robert M.}}[[Robert M. Laughlin]]
|{{age|1934|05|29|2020|05|28}}
|Anthropologist and linguist. Preserver of the [[Tzotzil language]]
|United States ([[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Genzlinger |first=Neil |date=24 June 2020 |title=Robert Laughlin, Preserver of a Mayan Language, Dies at 85 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/science/robert-laughlin-preserver-of-a-mayan-language-dies-at-85.html |access-date=29 June 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-05-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mangaza, Celine Fariala}}[[Celine Fariala Mangaza]]
| {{age|1967|08|27|2020|05|28}}
| Disabilities activist
| Democratic Republic of Congo ([[Bukavu]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Wolfe |first1=Lauren |title=Celine Fariala Mangaza, Congolese Heroine of Disabled People, Dies at 52 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/obituaries/mama-leki-dead-coronavirus.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=6 June 2020 |date=3 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gouveia, Evaldo}}[[Evaldo Gouveia]]
| {{age|1928|8|8|2020|05|29}}
| Singer-songwriter
| Brazil (Fortaleza)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cantor e compositor Evaldo Gouveia morre de Covid-19 no Ceará |url=https://g1.globo.com/ce/ceara/noticia/2020/05/29/cantor-e-compositor-evaldo-gouveia-morre-de-covid-19-no-ceara.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=30 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Singer-songwriter Evaldo Gouveia dies from COVID-19 in Ceará. |date=29 May 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Taveira, Célio}}[[Célio Taveira]]
| {{age|1940|10|16|2020|05|29}}
| Footballer
| Brazil (João Pessoa)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-Vasco e Corinthians e ídolo do Nacional-URU, Célio Taveira morre na Paraíba, vítima de Covid-19 |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/pb/futebol/noticia/ex-vasco-e-corinthians-e-idolo-do-nacional-uru-celio-taveira-morre-na-paraiba-vitima-de-covid-19.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|Globo Esporte]] |accessdate=30 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former football player from Vasco da Gama and Corinthians and idol of Nacional-URU, Célio Taveira dies in Paraíba, victim of COVID-19. |date=29 May 2020 |first1=Cisco |last1=Nobre}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-05-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|van Husen, Dan}}[[Dan van Husen]]
| {{age|1945|04|30|2020|05|31}}
| German actor
| United Kingdom ([[Ilminster]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Duitse Oorlogswinter-acteur Dan van Husen (75) overleden |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/entertainment/922271417/duitse-oorlogswinter-acteur-dan-van-husen-75-overleden |newspaper=[[De Telegraaf]] |accessdate=1 June 2020 |language=nl |date=31 May 2020 |trans-title=German war winter actor Dan van Husen (75) died |archive-date=1 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601023141/https://www.telegraaf.nl/entertainment/922271417/duitse-oorlogswinter-acteur-dan-van-husen-75-overleden |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|- id=&quot;June 2020&quot;
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Baloch, Ghulam Murtaza}}[[Ghulam Murtaza Baloch]]
| 55
| Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of Sindh]] (since 2016)
| Pakistan ([[Karachi]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://arynews.tv/en/sindh-minister-ghulam-murtaza-baloch-dies-coronavirus/|title=Sindh minister Ghulam Murtaza Baloch dies of coronavirus|date=2 June 2020|accessdate=11 June 2020|work=[[ARY News]]|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603143414/https://arynews.tv/en/sindh-minister-ghulam-murtaza-baloch-dies-coronavirus/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Trousdale], Chris}}[[Chris Trousdale]]
| {{age|1985|07|11|2020|06|02}}
| Actor and singer
| United States (Los Angeles)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chris Trousdale Dead, Former Dream Street Singer Dies Of Coronavirus At 34 |url=https://www.inquisitr.com/6090377/chris-trousdale-dead/ |website=[[Inquisitr]] |accessdate=3 June 2020 |date=3 June 2020 |first=Joe |last=Allen |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603191954/https://www.inquisitr.com/6090377/chris-trousdale-dead/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cheema, Shaukat Manzoor}}[[Shaukat Manzoor Cheema]]
| {{age|1954|01|15|2020|06|03}}
| Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]] (since 2008)
| Pakistan (Lahore)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Altaf |first1=Arhama |title=PML-N MPA Shaukat Cheema Succumbs To Deadly COVID-19 Virus |url=https://www.bolnews.com/pakistan/2020/06/pml-n-mpa-shaukat-cheema-succumbs-to-deadly-covid-19-virus/ |website=[[BOL Network]] |accessdate=3 June 2020 |date=3 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603132054/https://www.bolnews.com/pakistan/2020/06/pml-n-mpa-shaukat-cheema-succumbs-to-deadly-covid-19-virus/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kakakhel, Mian Jamshed Uddin}}[[Mian Jamshed Uddin Kakakhel]]
| {{age|1955|03|31|2020|06|03}}
| Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] (since 2018)
| Pakistan ([[Islamabad]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=PTI MPA from Nowshera Jamshed ud Din passes away due to coronavirus |url=http://www.radio.gov.pk/03-06-2020/member-kp-assembly-mian-jamshed-ud-din-died-due-to-corona-virus-in-islamabad |website=[[Radio Pakistan]] |accessdate=17 June 2020 |date=3 June 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619044028/http://www.radio.gov.pk/03-06-2020/member-kp-assembly-mian-jamshed-ud-din-died-due-to-corona-virus-in-islamabad |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Silva, Adriano}}[[Adriano Silva]]
| {{age|1970|10|12|2020|06|03}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Mato Grosso]] (2016)
| Brazil ([[Cuiabá]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-deputado e reitor da UNEMAT, Adriano Silva morre de COVID-19 |url=https://matogrossomais.com.br/2020/06/04/ex-deputado-e-reitor-da-unemat-adriano-silva-morre-de-covid-19/ |newspaper=Mato Grosso Mais |accessdate=10 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former State Deputy and rector of Rector of Unemat, Adriano Silva dies from COVID-19. |date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610225939/https://matogrossomais.com.br/2020/06/04/ex-deputado-e-reitor-da-unemat-adriano-silva-morre-de-covid-19/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Saúde confirma morte de presidente da Fapemat por Covid-19; professor de 49 anos não fazia parte do grupo de risco |url=https://g1.globo.com/mt/mato-grosso/noticia/2020/06/08/saude-confirma-morte-de-presidente-da-fapemat-por-covid-19-professor-de-49-anos-nao-fazia-parte-do-grupo-de-risco.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=10 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Secretary of Health confirms that Fapemat president died of COVID-19: 49 years old professor wasn't part of the high risk group |date=8 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Anastácio, Fabiana}}[[Fabiana Anastácio]]
| {{age|1975|02|23|2020|06|04}}
| Singer
| Brazil (São Paulo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fabiana Anastácio, cantora gospel, morre aos 45 anos de Covid-19 em SP |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2020/06/04/cantora-gospel-fabiana-anastacio-morre-vitima-de-covid-19-em-sp.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=5 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Fabiana Anástacio, gospel singer, dies at 45 from COVID-19 in São Paulo |date=4 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Nunes, Dulce}}[[Dulce Nunes]]
| {{age|1929|6|11|2020|06|04}}
| Actress and singer-songwriter
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Morre cantora Dulce Nunes por complicações pulmonares após contrair covid|url=https://tvefamosos.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2020/06/06/morre-cantora-dulce-nunes-por-complicacoes-pulmonares-apos-covid-19.htm |newspaper=[[Universo Online|UOL]] |accessdate=8 May 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Singer Dulce Nunes dies of pulmonary complications due to COVID-19 |date=6 June 2020 |first1= |last1=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lessa, Carlos}}[[Carlos Lessa]]
| {{age|1936|7|30|2020|06|05}}
| President of the [[Brazilian Development Bank]] (2003–2004)
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Morre o economista Carlos Lessa, ex-reitor da UFRJ e ex-presidente do BNDES|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2020/06/05/morre-o-economista-carlos-lessa.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=10 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Economist Carlos Lessa, former rector of UFRJ and Ex-president of BNDES dies |date=5 June 2020 |first1= |last1=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rodríguez de las Heras, Antonio}}[[Antonio Rodríguez de las Heras]]
| {{age|1947|9|19|2020|06|05}}
| Historian
| Spain (Madrid)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fallece Antonio Rodríguez de las Heras, experto de Levanta la cabeza |url=https://compromiso.atresmedia.com/levanta-la-cabeza/actualidad/fallece-antonio-rodriguez-heras-experto-levanta-cabeza_202006055eda569146959a00015116b2.html |website=Compromiso Atresmedia |accessdate=23 June 2020 |language=es |date=5 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Seyferth, Dietmar}}[[Dietmar Seyferth]]
| {{age|1929|1|11|2020|06|06}}
| German-born American chemist
| United States ([[Lexington, Massachusetts|Lexington]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dietmar Seyferth, professor emeritus of chemistry, dies at 91 |url=https://chemistry.mit.edu/chemistry-news/dietmar-seyferth-professor-emeritus-of-chemistry-dies-at-91/ |newspaper=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |accessdate=18 June 2020 |language=en | date=17 June 2020 |first1=Danielle |last1=Randall}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DIETMAR SEYFERTH |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?n=dietmar-seyferth&amp;pid=196324658&amp;fhid=4277 |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |accessdate=25 July 2020 |language=en | date=14 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Felguérez, Manuel}}[[Manuel Felguérez]]
| {{age|1928|12|12|2020|06|07}}
| Abstract artist
| Mexico (Mexico City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Manuel Felguérez murió por COVID-19 |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cultura/manuel-felguerez-murio-por-covid-19 |newspaper=[[El Universal (Mexico City)]] |accessdate=8 May 2020 |language=es |trans-title=Manuel Felguérez dies of COVID-19 |date=8 June 2020 |first1=Irma |last1=Mejía}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Strozier, Lynika}}[[Lynika Strozier]]
| {{age|1984|08|28|2020|06|07}}
| Biologist
| United States (Chicago)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite news |url= https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-ent-lynika-strozier-field-museum-dies-covid19-20200618-sek3n2c3u5bwzjdqxalox4vvsy-story.html |title= Field Museum scientist and 'inspiration' Lynika Strozier, 35, dies from coronavirus |work=[[The Chicago Tribune]] |author=Doug George |date= 17 June 2020 |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=21 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Nasir, Sardar Dur Muhammad}}[[Sardar Dur Muhammad Nasir]]
| {{age|1958|09|15|2020|06|08}}
| Member of the [[Provincial Assembly of Balochistan]] (2013–2018)
| Pakistan (Karachi)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ex-Balochistan minister succumbs to COVID-19 |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/1002692/ex-balochistan-minister-succumbs-to-covid-19 |website=[[Business Recorder]] |accessdate=10 June 2020 |date=9 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Anbazhagan, Jayaraman}}[[J. Anbazhagan|Jayaraman Anbazhagan]]
| {{age|1958|06|10|2020|06|10}}
| Member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] (2001–2006 and since 2011)
| India ([[Chennai]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rohit |first1=T. K. |title=DMK MLA J. Anbazhagan succumbs to COVID-19 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dmk-mla-j-anbalagan-who-tested-positive-for-covid-19-passes-away/article31792539.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=10 June 2020 |language=en-IN |date=10 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Herrero Figueroa, Araceli}}[[Araceli Herrero Figueroa]]
| {{age|1948|06|22|2020|06|10}}
| Writer
| Spain ([[Lugo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Morre a catedrática e escritora lucense Araceli Herrero Figueroa |url=https://www.elprogreso.es/articulo/lugo/morre-catedratica-escritora-lucense-araceli-herrero-figueroa/202006110055181443398.html |website=El Progreso de Lugo |accessdate=15 June 2020 |language=gl |date=11 June 2020 |trans-title=Lugo professor and writer Araceli Herrero Figueroa dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hadi, Ali}}[[Ali Hadi]]
| {{age|1966|7|1|2020|06|12}}
| Footballer
| Iraq ([[Baghdad]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=AFC President extends condolences on the passing of Iraq’s Ali Hadi |url=https://www.the-afc.com/afc-home/about-afc/the-president/news/afc-president-extends-condolences-on-the-passing-of-iraq-s-ali-hadi/ |website=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |accessdate=13 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Nasim, Mohammed}}[[Mohammed Nasim]]
| {{age|1948|4|2|2020|6|13}}
| Member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (1986–1987, 1991–1995, 1996–2006, since 2014), [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Bangladesh)|Minister of Health and Family Welfare]] (2014–2019), [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Bangladesh)|Minister of Home Affairs]] (1999–2001)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Senior Awami League leader Mohammed Nasim dies at 72 |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2020/06/13/senior-awami-league-leader-mohammed-nasim-dies-at-72 |newspaper=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |accessdate=14 June 2020 |date=17 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Abdullah, Sheikh Md}} [[Sheikh Md Abdullah]]
| {{age|1945|9|8|2020|06|13}}
| Minister of State of Religious Affairs of Bangladesh (since 2019)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ধর্ম প্রতিমন্ত্রী করোনা পজিটিভ ছিলেন |trans-title=Minister of State of Religious Affairs was Corona Positive |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/m/national/news/589927 |website=[[Jagonews24.com]] |accessdate=14 June 2020 |date=14 June 2020 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Joubert, Elsa}} [[Elsa Joubert]]
| {{age|1922|10|19|2020|06|14}}
| Writer
| South Africa ([[Cape Town]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Eloff |first1=Herman |title=Iconic SA author Elsa Joubert, 97, dies of Covid-19 |url=https://www.news24.com/arts/literature/iconic-sa-author-elsa-joubert-97-dies-of-covid-19-20200614 |website=[[News24]] |accessdate=14 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lumbi, Pierre}}[[Pierre Lumbi]]
| {{age|1950|3|11|2020|06|14}}
| Minister of Foreign Affairs (1992–1994) and Minister of State for Infrastructure, Public Works and Reconstruction (2007–2010)
| Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Veteran Congo politician Pierre Lumbi dies from coronavirus |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-congo/veteran-congo-politician-pierre-lumbi-dies-from-coronavirus-idUKKBN23L0U7 |newspaper=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=15 June 2020 |language=en |date=14 June 2020 |first1= |last1= |archive-date=17 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617211115/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-congo/veteran-congo-politician-pierre-lumbi-dies-from-coronavirus-idUKKBN23L0U7 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Padilla Gutiérrez, Aarón}} [[Aarón Padilla Gutiérrez]]
| {{age|1942|7|10|2020|06|14}}
| Footballer
| Mexico ([[Guadalajara]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muere Aarón Padilla, exdirectivo de los Pumas de la UNAM, a causa de Covid-19 |url=https://www.marca.com/claro-mx/futbol/2020/06/14/5ee659ca268e3e9c5f8b45b4.html |website=[[Marca (newspaper)]] |accessdate=14 June 2020 |language=es-MX |date=14 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rodas, Haroldo}} [[Haroldo Rodas]]
| {{age|1946|5|29|2020|06|14}}
| [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Guatemala)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] (2008–2012)
| Guatemala ([[Guatemala City]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Excanciller Haroldo Rodas falleció de Covid-19 |url=https://www.soy502.com/articulo/excanciller-haroldo-rodas-fallecio-covid-19-100931 |website=Soy502 |accessdate=15 June 2020 |language=es |trans-title=Foreign Minister Haroldo Rodas passed away from Covid-19 |first=Jessica |last=Gramajo |date=15 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vohra, Raj Mohan}} [[Raj Mohan Vohra]]
| {{age|1932|5|7|2020|06|14}}
| Lieutenant General
| India (New Delhi)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Decorated with Maha Vir Chakra in 1971, Lt Gen Raj Mohan Vohra succumbs to COVID-19 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/decorated-with-maha-vir-chakra-in-1971-lieutenant-general-raj-mohan-vohra-succumbs-to-covid-19-99548 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |accessdate=15 June 2020 |language=en |first=Vijay |last=Mohan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|al-Yasiri, Tawfiq}}[[Tawfiq al-Yasiri]]
|
| Politician
| Iraq
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Iraqi politician dies of coronavirus|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/health/iraqi-politician-dies-of-coronavirus/1876668 |newspaper=[[Anadolu Agency]] |accessdate=15 June 2020 |language=en |date=14 June 2020 |first1=Walid |last1=Abdullah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|de Jesus, Renato}}[[Renato de Jesus]]
| {{age|1963|02|27|2020|06|15}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro]] (1995–2002; 2005–2006 and 2008–2010)
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-deputado Renato de Jesus morre vítima de Covid-19 |url=https://diariodorio.com/ex-deputado-renato-de-jesus-morre-vitima-de-covid-19/ |newspaper=[[:pt:Diário do Rio|Diário do Rio]] |accessdate=18 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former Deputy Renato de Jesus dies from COVID-19 |date=16 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=ALERJ PRESTA HOMENAGEM AO EX-DEPUTADO RENATO DE JESUS |url=http://www.alerj.rj.gov.br/Visualizar/Noticia/48894 |newspaper=[[Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro]] |accessdate=18 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Legislative Assembly pay homage to former Deputy Renato de Jesus |date=16 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gentil Rosa, José}}[[José Gentil Rosa|Zé Gentil]]
| {{age|1940|05|18|2020|06|15}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Maranhão]] (1987–1991; 1995–1999 and since 2019)
| Brazil ([[Teresina]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Deputado estadual Zé Gentil, do Maranhão, morre aos 80 anos vítima de Covid-19 |url=https://g1.globo.com/pi/piaui/noticia/2020/06/15/deputado-estadual-ze-gentil-do-maranhao-morre-aos-80-anos-por-covid-19-em-teresina.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=16 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=State Deputy Zé Gentil, from Maranhão, dies at 80 victim of COVID-19 |date=15 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Giorello, Giulio}} [[Giulio Giorello]]
| {{age|1945|5|15|2020|06|15}}
| Philosopher, mathematician, and epistemologist
| Italy (Milan)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=È morto Giulio Giorello, il filosofo dell'unione tra scienza ed etica |url=https://www.repubblica.it/robinson/2020/06/15/news/morto_giulio_giorello-259299235/?refresh_ce |newspaper=[[la Repubblica]] |accessdate=15 June 2020 |language=it |date=15 June 2020 |trans-title=Giulio Giorello, the philosopher of the union between science and ethics, has died}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Osinowo, Adebayo}} [[Adebayo Osinowo]]
| {{age|1955|11|28|2020|06|15}}
| [[Senate of Nigeria|Senator]] (since 2019)
| Nigeria (Lagos)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Lagos State Senator, Bayo Osinowo Dies At 64 Due To COVID-19 |url=https://sequlsquid.com/lagos-state-senator-bayo-osinowo-dies-at-64-due-to-covid-19/ |website=Sequl Squid |accessdate=15 June 2020 |date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615160819/https://sequlsquid.com/lagos-state-senator-bayo-osinowo-dies-at-64-due-to-covid-19/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kamran, Badar Uddin Ahmed}} [[Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran]]
| {{age|1951|1|1|2020|06|15}}
| Mayor of [[Sylhet|Sylhet City Corporation]] (2003–2013)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Former mayor of Sylhet City Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran dies at 69|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2020/06/15/former-mayor-of-sylhet-city-badar-uddin-ahmed-kamran-dies-at-69 |newspaper=[[bdnews24.com]] |accessdate=15 June 2020 |language=en |date=15 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jawale, Haribhau}} [[Haribhau Jawale]]
| {{age|1953|6|1|2020|06|16}}
| Member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (2009–2019)
| India (Mumbai)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Maharashtra MP Haribhau Jawale dies of Covid-19 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/former-maharashtra-mp-haribhau-jawale-dies-of-covid-19-6461898/ |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |accessdate=16 June 2020 |language=en |date=16 June 2020 |first=Tabassum |last=Barnagarwala}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Paiakan, Paulinho}} [[Paulinho Paiakan]]
| 66
| Leader of the indigenous [[Kayapo]] people
| Brazil ([[Redenção, Pará|Redenção]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 June 2020 |title=Kayapó chief Payakan dies from COVID-19, led protest against Amazon dam |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-indigenous-idUSKBN23O305 |access-date=17 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Calixto Filho, Mário}}[[Mário Calixto Filho]]
| {{age|1946|08|9|2020|06|17}}
| [[Brazilian Senate|Senator]] (2004–2005)
| Brazil ([[Porto Velho]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-senador de RO, Mário Calixto Filho morre aos 73 anos vítima da Covid-19 |url=https://g1.globo.com/ro/rondonia/noticia/2020/06/17/ex-senador-de-ro-mario-calixo-filho-morre-aos-73-anos-vitima-da-covid-19.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=14 July 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former Senator from Rondônia, Mário Calixto Filho dies at 73 victim of COVID-19|date=17 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Châu, Trần Ngọc}} [[Trần Ngọc Châu]]
| 96
| Vietnamese soldier and politician
| United States (Los Angeles)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Tran Ngoc Chau, Vietnamese counterinsurgency specialist, dies at 96 of coronavirus complications|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/tran-ngoc-chau-vietnamese-counterinsurgency-specialist-dies-at-96-of-coronavirus-complications/2020/07/09/ac34786a-c13e-11ea-b4f6-cb39cd8940fb_story.html|first=Harrison|last=Smith|date=9 July 2020|accessdate=10 July 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Foster, Dan}} [[Dan Foster (DJ)|Dan Foster]]
| 61
| American radio personality
| Nigeria (Lagos)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 June 2020|title=And Foster, popular radio personality, is dead|language=en|work=Ebene Magazine|url=https://news.ebene-magazine.com/en/dan-foster-popular-radio-personality-is-dead/|access-date=18 June 2020|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618143557/https://news.ebene-magazine.com/en/dan-foster-popular-radio-personality-is-dead/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ignatyev, Mikhail}} [[Mikhail Ignatyev (politician)|Mikhail Ignatyev]]
| {{age|1962|1|8|2020|06|18}}
| [[Head of the Chuvash Republic]] (2010–2020)
| Russia ([[Saint Petersburg]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Экс-глава Чувашии Михаил Игнатьев умер от коронавируса |url=https://www.interfax.ru/russia/713807 |website=[[Interfax]] |accessdate=19 June 2020 |language=ru |trans-title=Ex-head of Chuvashia Mikhail Ignatiev died of coronavirus |date=18 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lohani, Kamal}}[[Kamal Lohani]]
| {{age|1934|06|26|2020|06|20}}
| Director general of [[Shilpakala Academy]] (2009–2011)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=কামাল লোহানী আর নেই |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/article/1663860/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87 |website=[[Prothom Alo]] |accessdate=20 June 2020 |language=bn |trans-title=kamal Lohani No More |date=20 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Naeem, Mufti Muhammad}}[[Mufti Muhammad Naeem]]
| 64
| Chancellor of [[Jamia Binoria]]
| Pakistan (Karachi)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Murad&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Daur |first1=Naya |title=CM Murad Reveals Munawar Hassan, Talib Jauhari, Mufti Naeem Died From Coronavirus |url=https://nayadaur.tv/2020/06/cm-murad-reveals-munawar-hassan-talib-jauhari-mufti-naeem-died-from-coronavirus/ |website=Naya Daur |accessdate=27 June 2020 |date=26 June 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628023315/https://nayadaur.tv/2020/06/cm-murad-reveals-munawar-hassan-talib-jauhari-mufti-naeem-died-from-coronavirus/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Alencar, Marconi}}[[Marconi Alencar]]
| {{age|1939|03|21|2020|06|21}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Ceará]] (1971–1987)
| Brazil (Fortaleza)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Morre último deputado virgilista no Ceará |url=https://mais.opovo.com.br/colunistas/eliomar-de-lima/2020/06/21/morre-ultimo-deputado-virgilista-no-ceara.html |newspaper=[[O Povo]] |accessdate=27 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=The last virgilian Deputy dies in Ceará |date=21 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=AL faz minuto de silêncio pela morte do ex-deputado Marconi Alencar |url=http://www.al.ce.gov.br/index.php/ultimas-noticias/item/89914-2506gm-minutosilencio |newspaper=[[Legislative Assembly of Ceará]] |accessdate=27 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Moment of silence held at the Legislative Assembly in honor Deputy Marconi Alencar death |date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627135949/http://www.al.ce.gov.br/index.php/ultimas-noticias/item/89914-2506gm-minutosilencio |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-06-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bálint, György}}[[György Bálint]]
| {{age|1919|07|28|2020|06|21}}
| Member of the [[National Assembly (Hungary)|National Assembly]] (1994–1998) and horticulturist 
| Hungary ([[Kistarcsa]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Blikk: Bálint gazda koronavírus-fertőzött volt |url=https://hvg.hu/elet/20200629_Balint_gazda_koronavirusfertozott |website=hvg.hu |accessdate=29 June 2020 |language=hu |date=29 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jauhari, Talib}}[[Talib Jauhari]]
| {{age|1939|08|27|2020|06|21}}
| Islamic scholar
| Pakistan (Karachi) 
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Murad&quot;/&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Piñera, Bernardino}}[[Bernardino Piñera]]
| {{age|1915|09|22|2020|06|21}}
| Roman Catholic Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Temuco|Temuco]] (1960–1977) and Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Serena|La Serena]] (1983–1990)
| Chile ([[Santiago]]) 
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Delgado |first1=Felipe |title=Bernardino Piñera murió por neumonía por Covid-19, según certificado de defunción |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2020/06/21/bernadino-pinera-murio-neumonia-covid-19-segun-certificado-defuncion.shtml |website=BioBioChile |accessdate=22 June 2020 |date=21 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Radhi, Ahmed}}[[Ahmed Radhi]]
| {{age|1964|04|21|2020|06|21}}
| Footballer
| Iraq (Baghdad)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Iraqi football great Ahmed Radhi dies after contracting coronavirus |url=https://www.thenational.ae/sport/football/iraqi-football-great-ahmed-radhi-dies-after-contracting-coronavirus-1.1036677|website=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |accessdate=21 June 2020 |language=en |date=20 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Snow, Ken}}[[Ken Snow]]
| {{age|1969|06|23|2020|06|21}}
| Soccer player 
| United States ([[Port Huron, Michigan|Port Huron]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=GOODBYE, KEN: Snow, former Indiana standout, 2-time Hermann Trophy winner, passes away |url=https://www.frontrowsoccer.com/2020/06/22/goodbye-ken-snow-former-indiana-standout-2-time-hermann-trophy-winner-passes-away/ |website=Front Row Soccer |accessdate=22 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pedro, Bernaldina José}}[[Bernaldina José Pedro]]
| {{age|1945|03|25|2020|06|24}}
| Tribal leader, activist
| Brazil (Boa Vista)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bernaldina José Pedro, Repository of Indigenous Culture, Dies at 75|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/obituaries/bernaldina-jose-pedro-dead-coronavirus.html|website=The New York Times |accessdate=17 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mohammed, Mohammed Yaseen}}[[Mohammed Yaseen Mohammed]]
| {{age|1963|1|7|2020|06|24}}
| Iraqi Olympic weightlifter
| Sweden
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 June 2020|title=وفاة رباع العراق وأربيل محمد ياسين متأثراً بفيروس كورونا|url=https://www.rudaw.net/arabic/sports/24062020|access-date=12 July 2020|website=[[Rudaw Media Network|Rudaw]]|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bokamba-Yangouma, Jean-Michel}}[[Jean-Michel Bokamba-Yangouma]]
| 80
| Secretary-general of the [[Congolese Trade Union Confederation]] (1974–1997)
| Republic of the Congo ([[Brazzaville]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ngouela |first1=Dina |title=L’enterrement de Bokamba Yangouma ce matin à Brazzaville |url=https://www.vox.cg/2020/06/lenterrement-de-bokamba-yangouma-ce-matin-a-brazzaville/ |website=Vox Congo |accessdate=29 June 2020 |language=fr-FR |date=24 June 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629183118/https://www.vox.cg/2020/06/lenterrement-de-bokamba-yangouma-ce-matin-a-brazzaville/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Keaveney, Arthur}}[[Arthur Keaveney]]
| {{age|1951|07|08|2020|06|23}}
| Historian (classicist)
| United Kingdom
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Keaveney|first=Jenny|date=10 July 2020|title=Arthur Keaveney obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/jul/10/arthur-keaveney-obituary|accessdate=10 July 2020|website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=In memoriam: Arthur Keaveney |url=https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/secl-news-events/2020/06/26/in-memoriam-arthur-keaveney/ |website=University of Kent |accessdate=10 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lodoy, Jampel}}[[Jampel Lodoy]]
| {{age|1975|08|21|2020|06|23}}
| [[Kamby Lama of Tuva|Kamby Lama]] of [[Tuva]] (2005–2010, since 2019)
| Russia ([[Kyzyl]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref name=bd2&gt;{{cite news |first=Lyudmila  |last=Klasanova |title=Kamby Lama of Tuva Dies from Health Complications Related to COVID-19 |url=https://www.buddhistdoor.net/news/kamby-lama-of-tuva-dies-from-health-complications-related-to-covid-19 |work=[[Buddhistdoor Global]]  |publisher= |date=24 June 2020 |accessdate=20 July 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628150028/https://www.buddhistdoor.net/news/kamby-lama-of-tuva-dies-from-health-complications-related-to-covid-19 |archivedate=28 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ajimobi, Abiola}}[[Abiola Ajimobi]]
| {{age|1949|12|16|2020|06|25}}
| [[Senate of Nigeria|Senator]] (2004–2007) and [[Governor of Oyo State]] (2011–2019)
| Nigeria (Lagos)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ogundipe |first1=Samuel |title=Abiola Ajimobi, ex-Oyo governor, is dead |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/399604-abiola-ajimobi-ex-oyo-governor-is-dead.html |website=Premium Times Nigeria |accessdate=26 June 2020 |date=25 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Paes, Papaléo}}[[Papaléo Paes]]
| {{age|1952|08|27|2020|06|25}}
| [[Brazilian Senate|Senator]] (2003–2011) and Vice Governor of [[Amapá]] (2015–2018)
| Brazil ([[Macapá]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Papaléo Paes, ex-vice-governador e ex-senador do Amapá, morre aos 67 anos |url=https://g1.globo.com/ap/amapa/noticia/2020/06/26/papaleo-paes-ex-vice-governador-e-ex-senador-do-amapa-morre-aos-67-anos.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=27 June 2020 |language=pt-br |date=26 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hasan, Munawar}}[[Munawar Hasan]]
| {{age|1941|08|05|2020|06|26}}
| Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] (1977) and Emir of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]] (2009–2014)
| Pakistan (Karachi)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Murad&quot;/&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mendonça, Félix}}[[Félix de Almeida Mendonça|Félix Mendonça]]
| {{age|1928|03|23|2020|06|26}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1983–1987 and 1991–2011)
| Brazil ([[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-deputado federal Félix Mendonça morre aos 92 anos, em Salvador |url=https://g1.globo.com/ba/bahia/noticia/2020/06/27/ex-deputado-federal-felix-mendonca-morre-ao-92-anos.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=30 June 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former Federal Deputy Félix Mendonça dies at 92, in Salvador |date=27 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Nabi, Faqir}}[[Faqir Nabi]]
| 67
| Afghan cinema and Bollywood actor
| Afghanistan (Kabul)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=tolo&gt;{{cite news |first=Fariba |last=Sadat |title=Veteran Afghan Actor Faqeer Nabi, 67, Dies of COVID-19 |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/veteran-afghan-actor-faqeer-nabi-67-dies-covid-19 |work=[[TOLOnews]]  |publisher= |date=26 June 2020 |accessdate=10 July 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709112807/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/veteran-afghan-actor-faqeer-nabi-67-dies-covid-19 |archivedate=9 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cuenco, Antonio}}[[Antonio Cuenco]]
| {{age|1936|03|26|2020|06|27}}
| Member of the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Philippines House of Representatives]] (1965–1969; 1987–1998 and 2001–2010)
| Philippines
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cebu City Councilor and ex-solon Antonio Cuenco dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/regional/2020/6/27/Cebu-City-Councilor-Antonio-Cuenco-dies-COVID-19.html |newspaper=[[CNN Philippines]] |accessdate=27 June 2020 |language=en |date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629015332/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/regional/2020/6/27/Cebu-City-Councilor-Antonio-Cuenco-dies-COVID-19.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Petković, Ilija}}[[Ilija Petković]]
| {{age|1945|09|22|2020|06|27}}
| Football player and coach
| Serbia (Belgrade)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Antigo selecionador da Sérvia morre vítima de Covid-19 |url=https://www.record.pt/internacional/detalhe/antigo-selecionador-da-servia-morre-vitima-de-covid-19 |newspaper=[[:pt:Record (jornal desportivo)|Record (jornal desportivo)]] |accessdate=27 June 2020 |language=pt-pt |trans-title=Former Serbia national team manager dies from COVID-19 |date=27 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ajanah, Nasir}}[[Nasir Ajanah]]
| 64
| Chief Judge of [[Kogi State]] (since 2004)
| Nigeria ([[Gwagwalada]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kogi Chief Judge dies in Abuja COVID-19 isolation centre |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/kogi-chief-judge-dies-in-abuja-covid-19-isolation-centre/ |website=Vanguard News |accessdate=28 June 2020 |date=28 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-06-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mohsin Chowdhury, Abdullah al}}[[Abdullah al Mohsin Chowdhury]]
| {{age|1963|01|01|2020|06|29}}
| [[Ministry of Defence (Bangladesh)|Defence Secretary]] (since 2020)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=dt&gt;{{cite news |first=|last=|title=Bangladesh defence secretary dies of coronavirus |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2020/06/29/bangladesh-defence-secretary-abdullah-al-mohsin-chowdhury-dies-from-covid-19 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]  |publisher= |date=29 June 2020 |accessdate=10 July 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710212432/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2020/06/29/bangladesh-defence-secretary-abdullah-al-mohsin-chowdhury-dies-from-covid-19 |archivedate=10 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|- id=&quot;July 2020&quot;
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Afriyie, Kwadwo Owusu}}[[Kwadwo Owusu Afriyie]]
| 63
| CEO of the [[Forestry Commission (Ghana)|Forestry Commission]] (since 2017)
| Ghana ([[Accra]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former NPP General Secretary, Sir John dies after contracting COVID-19 |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/07/former-npp-general-secretary-sir-john-dies-of-covid-19/ |website=Citi Newsroom |accessdate=2 July 2020 |date=1 July 2020 |archive-date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702034140/https://citinewsroom.com/2020/07/former-npp-general-secretary-sir-john-dies-of-covid-19/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Manuin  Valera, Santiago}}[[Santiago Manuin Valera]]
| {{age|1957|01|1|2020|07|1}}
| Leader of the indigenous [[Aguaruna people|Awajún]] people
| Peru ([[Chiclayo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fallece líder awajún Santiago Manuin a causa de la COVID-19 en Chiclayo |url=https://rpp.pe/peru/amazonas/fallece-lider-awajun-santiago-manuin-a-causa-de-la-covid-19-en-chiclayo-noticia-1277142 |newspaper=[[Radio Programas del Perú]] |accessdate=2 July 2020 |language=es |trans-title=Awajún leader Santiago Manuin dies in Chiclayo due to COVID-19 |date=1 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Moreira, Eurídice}}[[Eurídice Moreira]]
| {{age|1939|03|5|2020|07|1}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Paraíba]] (1995–1998)
| Brazil (João Pessoa)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ex-prefeita e ex-deputada estadual Dona Dida morre em João Pessoa |url=https://g1.globo.com/pb/paraiba/noticia/2020/07/01/ex-prefeita-e-ex-deputada-estadual-dona-dida-morre-em-joao-pessoa.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=2 July 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former Mayor and ex-State Deputy Dona Dida dies in João Pessoa |date=1 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mariz, Wanderley}}[[Wanderley Mariz]]
| {{age|1940|11|2|2020|07|2}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1975–1987)
| Brazil ([[Natal, Rio Grande do Norte|Natal]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Internado com Covid-19, morre ex-deputado Wanderley Mariz |url=http://www.tribunadonorte.com.br/noticia/internado-com-covid-19-morre-ex-deputado-wanderley-mariz/483765 |newspaper=[[:pt:Tribuna do Norte (Rio Grande do Norte)|Tribuna do Norte]] |accessdate=2 July 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Hospitalized with COVID-19, former Deputy Wanderley Mariz dies |date=2 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
|{{Date table sorting|2020-07-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Erskine, Scott}}[[Scott Erskine]]
|{{age|1962|12|22|2020|07|3}}
|Serial killer
|United States ([[California]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 July 2020|title=2 Condemned San Quentin Inmates Die Of Apparent COVID-19 Complications|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/07/03/2-condemned-san-quentin-inmates-die-of-apparent-covid-19-complications/|access-date=6 July 2020|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Charu, Bhakti}}[[Bhakti Charu Swami]]
| {{age|1945|9|17|2020|07|4}}
| Indian spiritual teacher ([[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]])
| United States (Florida)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Joshi|first=Prashant|date=4 July 2020|title=Bhakti Charu Swami Passes Away: ISKCON चे प्रमुख गुरु ‘भक्ति चारू स्वामी’ यांनी अमेरिकेत घेतला अखेरचा श्वास; कोरोना विषाणूमुळे झाले निधन|url=https://marathi.latestly.com/india/news/iskcons-guru-bhakticharu-swami-dies-in-us-due-to-corona-virus-plasma-therapy-also-failed-149422.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=4 July 2020|website=LatestLY|language=mr-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kemp, Brandis}}[[Brandis Kemp]]
| {{age|1944|2|1|2020|07|4}}
| Actress
| United States (Los Angeles)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Haring |first1=Bruce |title=Brandis Kemp Dies: Actress For ABC’s ‘Fridays’ And ‘AfterMASH’ Was 76 |url=https://deadline.com/2020/07/brandis-kemp-dies-actress-fridays-aftermash-was-76-obituary-1202982368/ |website=Deadline |accessdate=10 July 2020 |language=en |date=10 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Al Geddawy, Ragaa}}[[Ragaa Al Geddawy]]
| {{age|1934|9|6|2020|07|5}}
| Actress
| Egypt ([[Ismailia]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=وفاة الفنانة رجاء الجداوى بعد 43 يومًا فى العزل الصحى بالإسماعيلية |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/7/5/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-43-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%89/4861465 |website=Youm7 |accessdate=5 July 2020 |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bivar, Antônio}}[[Antônio Bivar]]
| {{age|1939|4|25|2020|07|5}}
| Author and playwright
| Brazil (São Paulo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Morre o escritor Antonio Bivar com Covid-19 em SP |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2020/07/05/morre-o-escritor-antonio-bivar-com-covid-19-em-sp.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=5 July 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Writer Antonio Bivar dies in São Paulo with COVID-19 |date=5 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cordero, Nick}}[[Nick Cordero]]
| {{age|1978|9|17|2020|07|5}}
| Canadian actor
| United States (Los Angeles)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Barnes|first=Mike|date=5 June 2020|title=Nick Cordero, Standout Actor in Broadway Musicals, Dies of COVID-19 Complications at 41|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nick-cordero-dead-bullets-broadway-waitress-actor-was-41-1301841|accessdate=6 July 2020|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Durrani, Ayatullah}}[[Ayatullah Durrani]]
| {{age|1956|1|1|2020|07|5}}
| Member of [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]] (2008–2013) and [[Pakistan Secretary of Industries and Production|Minister of Industries and Production]] (2008-2011)
| Pakistan ([[Quetta]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=PPP's Ayatullah Durrani breathes his last in Quetta |url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/552912-PPP-Ayatullah-Durrani-breathes-his-last-in-Quetta- |website=Dunya News |accessdate=5 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Yadav, Mahendra}}[[Mahendra Yadav]]
| 70
| Member of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] (1998–2003)
| India (New Delhi)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Delhi MLA and convict in 1984 anti-Sikh riots case dies of Covid-19 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/former-delhi-mla-and-convict-in-1984-anti-sikh-riots-case-dies-of-covid-19-6491318/ |website=The Indian Express |accessdate=6 July 2020 |language=en |date=5 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Amonkar, Suresh}}[[Suresh Amonkar]]
| {{age|1952|5|15|2020|07|6}}
| Member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] (1999–2007 and 2012-2017) and Minister of Health for Goa (2000-2002)
| India (Goa)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=de Souza|first=Gerard|date=7 July 2020|title=Goa’s former health minister Dr Suresh Amonkar loses battle against Covid-19|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/goa-s-former-health-minister-dr-suresh-amonkar-loses-battle-against-covid-19/story-wr9nFCIEt0aPTys29HJ1gM_amp.html|accessdate=7 July 2020|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jimenez, Julio}}[[Julio Jiménez (politician)|Julio Jimenez]]
| {{age|1964|12|05|2020|07|6}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)|Chamber of Deputies]] (since 2015)
| Bolivia ([[Cochabamba]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://correodelsur.com/sociedad/20200706_fallece-el-diputado-julio-jimenez-mas-tenia-sintomas-de-coronavirus.html|title=Fallece el diputado Julio Jiménez (MAS); tenía síntomas de coronavirus|website=Correo del Sur}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kegakilwe, Gordon}}[[Gordon Kegakilwe]]
| {{age|1967|4|1|2020|07|6}}
| Member of the [[North West Provincial Legislature]] (2009–2013, 2014-2016 and since 2019) and North West MEC for Cooperative Governance, Human Settlement and Traditional Affairs (since 2019)
| South Africa ([[Klerksdorp]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Karrim |first1=Azarrah |title=North West Cogta MEC Gordon Kegakilwe dies after testing positive for Covid-19 |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/just-in-north-west-cogta-mec-dies-after-testing-positive-for-covid-19-20200706 |website=News24 |accessdate=7 July 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Alemán, Hernán}}[[Hernán Alemán (politician)|Hernán Alemán]]
| {{age|1955|5|21|2020|07|7}}
| Member of the [[National Assembly (Venezuela)|National Assembly of Venezuela]] (since 2011) and mayor of [[Cabimas]] (1989–1996, 2000–2008)
| Colombia ([[Bogotá]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Murió el diputado Hernán Alemán por covid-19 |url=https://www.panorama.com.ve/politicayeconomia/Murio-el-diputado-Hernan-Aleman-por-covid-19-20200707-0061.html |website=PANORAMA.com.ve |accessdate=8 July 2020 |language=es-ES |archive-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707233104/https://www.panorama.com.ve/politicayeconomia/Murio-el-diputado-Hernan-Aleman-por-covid-19-20200707-0061.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mthembu, Ricardo}}[[Ricardo Mthembu]]
| 50
| Member of the [[KwaZulu-Natal Legislature]] (since 2019) and Mayor of [[KwaDukuza Local Municipality|KwaDukuza]] (2011–2019)
| South Africa ([[KwaDukuza Local Municipality|KwaDukuza]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Political parties in KZN mourn Ricardo Mthembu's death |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/political-parties-in-kzn-mourn-ricardo-mthembus-death-50677228 |website=www.iol.co.za |accessdate=11 July 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sandile, Noloyiso}}[[Noloyiso Sandile]]
| 56
| Regent of the [[Rharhabe|Royal House of the AmaRharhabe]]
| South Africa ([[Mdantsane]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Karrim |first1=Azarrah |title=Ramaphosa mourns death of Queen Noloyiso: 'An inspiring leader of her people' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/ramaphosa-mourns-death-of-queen-noloyiso-an-inspiring-leader-of-her-people-20200708 |website=News24 |accessdate=11 July 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Schoenfield, Howard}}[[Howard Schoenfield]]
| {{age|1957|11|15|2020|07|8}}
| Tennis player
| United States ([[South Beach]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Howard David Schoenfield |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=196500979 |website=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=27 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Alezzo, Agustín}}[[Agustín Alezzo]]
| {{age|1935|8|15|2020|07|9}}
| Theater director
| Argentina (Buenos Aires) 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Falleció el maestro de actores Agustín Alezzo después de pasar un mes internado con coronavirus |url=https://www.infobae.com/teleshow/2020/07/09/fallecio-el-maestro-de-actores-agustin-alezzo-despues-de-pasar-un-mes-internado-con-coronavirus/ |website=infobae |accessdate=14 July 2020 |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Catzín Cih, Marlene}}[[Marlene Catzín Cih]]
| 66
| Mayor of [[Maxcanú Municipality|Maxcanú]] (1994–1995, 2010–2012, since 2018)
| Mexico ([[Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Sánchez|first=Frida|date=9 June 2020|title=Muere alcaldesa de Yucatán por COVID-19|url=https://www.razon.com.mx/estados/muere-alcaldesa-yucatan-covid-19-396950|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=11 July 2020|website=La Razón|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kouradji, Mohamed}}[[Mohamed Kouradji]]
| {{age|1952|3|14|2020|07|09}}
| Football referee
| Algeria ([[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Retired Algerian referee Mohamed Kouradji dies from coronavirus |url=https://www.sports24ghana.com/retired-algerian-referee-mohamed-kouradji-dies-from-coronavirus/ |website=Sports 24 Ghana |accessdate=11 July 2020 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712025413/https://www.sports24ghana.com/retired-algerian-referee-mohamed-kouradji-dies-from-coronavirus/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dirksen, Corra}}[[Corra Dirksen]]
| {{age|1938|1|22|2020|07|10}}
| Rugby player
| South Africa ([[Vereeniging]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mostert|first=Herman|date=10 July 2020|title=Former Springbok wing dies of Covid-19 complications|url=https://www.news24.com/sport/rugby/springboks/former-springbok-wing-dies-from-covid-19-complications-20200710|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710224158/https://www.news24.com/sport/rugby/springboks/former-springbok-wing-dies-from-covid-19-complications-20200710|archive-date=10 July 2020|accessdate=11 July 2020|website=Sport24|language=en|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kambash, Ghaida}}[[Ghaida Kambash]]
| 46
| Member of the [[Council of Representatives of Iraq]] (since 2010)
| Iraq (Baghdad)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19: An Iraqi MP passed away |url=https://www.shafaaq.com/en/iraq-news/covid-19-an-iraqi-mp-passed-away/ |website=SHAFAQ News |accessdate=11 July 2020 |language=en |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712041249/https://www.shafaaq.com/en/iraq-news/covid-19-an-iraqi-mp-passed-away/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Magaya, Cosmas}}[[Cosmas Magaya]]
| 66
| [[Mbira]] musician
| Zimbabwe ([[Harare]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mbira Master Cosmas Magaya Dies at 67 |url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2020/07/14/mbira-master-cosmas-magaya-dies-at-67/ |website=World Music Central |accessdate=16 July 2020 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716135936/https://worldmusiccentral.org/2020/07/14/mbira-master-cosmas-magaya-dies-at-67/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Capetillo, Raymundo}}[[Raymundo Capetillo]]
| {{age|1943|09|1|2020|07|12}}
| Actor
| Mexico (Mexico City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muere Raymundo Capetillo, actor mexicano; padecía coronavirus |url=https://www.milenio.com/espectaculos/raymundo-capetillo-muere-el-actor-coronavirus |website=www.milenio.com |accessdate=13 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Meurer, Nelson}}[[Nelson Meurer]]
| {{age|1942|07|23|2020|07|12}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1995–2019)
| Brazil ([[Francisco Beltrão]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Morre ex-deputado Nelson Meurer, condenado na Lava Jato e internado por Covid-19 |url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/oeste-sudoeste/noticia/2020/07/12/morre-ex-deputado-nelson-meurer-condenado-na-lava-jato-e-internado-por-covid-19.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=12 July 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Former Federal Deputy and Operation Car Wash convict, Nelson Meurer dies after COVID-19 hospitalization|date=12 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mtsi, Alfred}}[[Alfred Mtsi]]
| 69
| Member of the [[Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature]] (1999–2014)
| South Africa ([[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=BUFFALO CITY COUNCIL SPEAKER ALFRED MTSI DIES OF COVID-19 COMPLICATIONS |url=https://ewn.co.za/2020/07/12/buffalo-city-council-speaker-alfred-mtsi-dies-of-covid-19-complications |newspaper=[[Eyewitness News (South Africa)]] |accessdate=14 July 2020 |language=en |trans-title=|date=12 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|al-Lawzi, Hasan}}[[Hasan al-Lawzi]]
| 68
| Acting [[Prime Minister of Yemen]] (2011)
| Egypt (Cairo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=بعد رحلة علاج فى مصر.. وفاة وزير يمنى أسبق متأثرا بإصابته بكورونا |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/7/13/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D9%89-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7/4876665 |website=youm7 |accessdate=13 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Leite, Juraci}}[[Gerardo Juraci Campelo Leite|Juraci Leite]]
| {{age|1931|09|24|2020|07|13}}
| Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Piauí]] (1983–1991 and 1995–2015)
| Brazil (Teresina)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Assembleia decreta luto oficial pela morte do ex-presidente Juraci Leite |url=http://www.alepi.pi.gov.br/noticiasConteudo_inc.php?idNoticia=10338 |newspaper=[[Legislative Assembly of Piauí]] |accessdate=14 July 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Legislative Assembly decreed oficial mourning in honour of fomer chamber president Juraci Leite |date=13 July 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714121806/http://www.alepi.pi.gov.br/noticiasConteudo_inc.php?idNoticia=10338 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Prefeitura lamenta falecimento do ex-deputado Juraci Leite |url=https://pmt.pi.gov.br/2020/07/13/prefeitura-lamenta-falecimento-do-ex-deputado-juraci-leite/ |newspaper=Prefecture of Teresina |accessdate=14 July 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Prefecture mourns the death of former State Deputy Juraci Leite |date=13 July 2020 |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715141250/https://pmt.pi.gov.br/2020/07/13/prefeitura-lamenta-falecimento-do-ex-deputado-juraci-leite/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Arias Graziani, Luis}}[[Luis Arias Graziani]]
| {{age|1926|04|21|2020|07|13}}
| [[Ministry of Defense (Peru)|Minister of Aeronautics]] (1978–1980) and [[Chief of the Joint Command (Peru)|Chief of the Joint Command]] (1979)
| Peru ([[Lima]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Falleció Luis Arias, exministro y comisionado de la CVR |url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/2020/07/13/fallecio-luis-arias-graziani-exministro-y-comisionado-de-la-cvr/ |newspaper=[[La República]] |accessdate=18 July 2020 |language=es |trans-title=Luis Arias, former minister and commissioner dies from COVID-19|date=13 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Babul, Nurul Islam}}[[Nurul Islam Babul]]
| 74
| Founder of [[Jamuna Group]]
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=যমুনা গ্রুপের চেয়ারম্যান নুরুল ইসলাম মারা গেছেন |trans-title=Jamuna Group Chairman Dies |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/article/1668732/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE |website=Prothom Alo |accessdate=13 July 2020 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Church, Kenneth}}[[Kenneth Church]]
| 90
| Canadian born [[Thoroughbred racing]] [[jockey]]
| United States ([[Reno]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/horse-racing/story/2020-07-13/ken-church-former-jockey-del-mar-ambassador-dies|title=en Church, former jockey, Del Mar ambassador, dies at 90|publisher=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=13 July 2020|accessdate=2 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Islam, Muhammad Mohaiminul}}[[Muhammad Mohaiminul Islam]]
| {{age|1941|9|11|2020|07|14}}
| [[Chief of Naval Staff (Bangladesh)|Chief of Naval Staff]] (1991–1995)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Navy chief dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/111220/former-navy-chief-dies-of-covid-19 |website=New Age |accessdate=16 July 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Korolenko, Caesar}}[[Caesar Korolenko]]
| {{age|1933|10|3|2020|07|14}}
| Psychiatrist
| Russia ([[Novosibirsk]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Сальников |first1=Алексей |title=Цезарь Короленко умер от коронавирусной инфекции |url=https://newsib.net/novosti/ot-koronavirusnoj-infekcii-umer-cezar-korolenko.html |website=Новая Сибирь |accessdate=14 July 2020 |language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Susman, Stephen}}[[Stephen Susman]]
| {{age|1941|1|20|2020|07|14}}
| Attorney
| United States ([[Houston]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Jeffreys |first1=Brenda Sapino |title=Trial Bar Titan Stephen Susman Passes Away After Cycling Accident, COVID-19 Battle |url=https://www.law.com/texaslawyer/2020/07/14/trial-bar-titan-stephen-susman-passes-away-after-cycling-accident-covid-19-battle/ |website=Texas Lawyer |accessdate=15 July 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Scarpellini, Eugenio}}[[Eugenio Scarpellini]]
| {{age|1954|1|8|2020|07|15}}
| Italian-born Roman Catholic Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of El Alto|El Alto]]
| Bolivia ([[El Alto]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Covid-19: Bolivia, muore il vescovo di El Alto Eugenio Scarpellini |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/it/chiesa/news/2020-07/coronavirus-bolivia-vescovo-morte-scarpellini-el-alto.html |website=Vatican News |accessdate=16 July 2020 |language=it |date=16 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Ellis, Patrick}}[[Patrick Ellis (radio host)|Patrick Ellis]]
| {{age|1943|5|30|2020|07|16}}
| Radio personality
| United States ([[Annapolis]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Harrison |title=Patrick Ellis, popular D.C. gospel broadcaster, dies at 77 of coronavirus complications |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/patrick-ellis-popular-dc-gospel-broadcaster-dies-at-77-of-coronavirus-complications/2020/07/17/ccb31332-c830-11ea-b037-f9711f89ee46_story.html |accessdate=23 July 2020 |work=Washington Post |date=17 July 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mwalwanda, Cornelius}}[[Cornelius Mwalwanda]]
| 
| Economist
| Malawi ([[Lilongwe]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Malawi lawmaker dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/malawi-lawmaker-dies-of-covid-19/1913615 |website=[[Anadolu Agency]] |accessdate=17 July 2020 |language=en|date=16 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Satyanarayanan, Neela}}[[Neela Satyanarayanan]]
| {{age|1948|2|5|2020|07|16}}
| Author and civil servant 
| India (Mumbai)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Neela Satyanarayan, Maharashtra's first woman election commissioner, passes away |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/punes-covid-19-tally-crosses-50000-over-1-5-lakh-cured-in-maharashtra/articleshow/76985987.cms |website=Pune Mirror |accessdate=17 July 2020 |language=en |date=16 July 2020 |archive-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717160535/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/punes-covid-19-tally-crosses-50000-over-1-5-lakh-cured-in-maharashtra/articleshow/76985987.cms |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Víctor, Víctor}}[[Víctor Víctor]]
| {{age|1948|12|11|2020|07|16}}
| Singer-songwriter
| Dominican Republic (Santo Domingo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Muere por coronavirus el popular cantautor dominicano Víctor Víctor |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/4327105/0/muere-por-coronavirus-el-popular-cantautor-dominicano-victor-victor/ |newspaper=[[20 minutos]] |accessdate=18 July 2020 |language=es |trans-title=Popular Dominican Singer-songwriter Víctor Víctor dies from Coronavirus|date=17 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Andrade, José Paulo de}}[[José Paulo de Andrade]]
| {{age|1942|05|18|2020|07|17}}
| Journalist
| Brazil (São Paulo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Jornalista José Paulo de Andrade morre aos 78 anos em SP após ser diagnosticado com Covid-19 |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2020/07/17/jornalista-jose-paulo-de-andrade-morre-aos-78-anos-em-sp.ghtml |newspaper=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |accessdate=17 July 2020 |language=pt-br |trans-title=Journalist José Paulo de Andrade dies at 78 in São Paulo after being diagnosed with COVID-19|date=17 July 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Benhamadi, Moussa}}[[Moussa Benhamadi]]
| {{age|1953|01|04|2020|07|17}}
| Member of the [[People's National Assembly]] (2002–2007), CEO of [[Algérie Télécom]] (2008–2010), and Minister of Communication (2010–2012)
| Algeria ([[Bordj Bou Arréridj]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Algérie : l'ancien ministre Moussa Benhamadi meurt en détention du Covid-19 |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20200718-covid-19-algerie-moussa-benhamadi-meurt-coronavirus-proche-bouteflika |website=France 24 |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=fr |date=18 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
	 
|-	
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-17|format=dm}}	
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Nowakonski, Angela von}}[[Angela von Nowakonski]]
| {{age|1953|02|02|2020|07|17}}
| Physician
| Brazil ([[Campinas]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Médica patologista morre aos 67 anos por Covid-19 em Campinas: 'Ensinou muita gente', diz sobrinho |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/campinas-regiao/noticia/2020/07/18/medica-patologista-morre-aos-67-anos-por-coronavirus-em-campinas.ghtml |website=G1 |accessdate=19 July 2020 |language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bukeko, Charles}}[[Charles Bukeko]]
| {{age|1962|07|10|2020|07|18}}
| Actor and comedian
| Kenya ([[Nairobi]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Uhuru mourns Covid death of Papa Shirandula |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2020-07-18-uhuru-mourns-covid-death-of-papa-shirandula/ |website=[[The Star (Kenya)]] |language=en |date=18 July 2020 |access-date=2020-09-15 |archive-date=2020-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719100318/https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2020-07-18-uhuru-mourns-covid-death-of-papa-shirandula/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hoffman, Katherine}}[[Katherine B. Hoffman]]
| {{age|1914|08|1|2020|07|18}}
| Chemist
| United States ([[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Katherine Hoffman, ‘Eternal’ Florida State Figure, Dies at 105 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/29/obituaries/katherine-hoffman-dead-coronavirus.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |language=en |date=29 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mmola, Martha}}[[Martha Mmola]]
| 
| Member of the [[National Council of Provinces]] (2019–2020) and of the [[National Assembly of South Africa]] (2014–2019)
| South Africa
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ANC MP Martha Mmola dies of Covid-related illness |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2020-07-19-anc-mp-martha-mmola-dies-of-covid-related-illness/ |website=[[Sunday Times (South Africa)]] |language=en |date=19 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sebastian, Jaybee}}[[Jaybee Sebastian]]
| 40
| Convicted gang leader
| Philippines (Muntinlupa)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man named Jaybee Sebastian dies due to COVID-19 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/747522/bilibid-inmate-jaybee-sebastian-dies-due-to-covid-19/story/ |accessdate=19 July 2020 |work=GMA News |date=19 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bilibid inmate Jaybee Sebastian, key prison drug trade witness, dies of COVID-19 |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1308948/bilibid-inmate-jaybee-sebastian-dies-of-covid-19 |accessdate=19 July 2020 |work=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=19 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Romero Ellner, David}}[[David Romero Ellner]]
| 65
| Member of the [[National Congress of Honduras]] (2001–2002) and convicted rapist 
| Honduras ([[Tegucigalpa]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muere el controvertido periodista hondureño, David Romero Ellner por COVID-19 |url=https://vanguardia.com.mx/articulo/muere-el-controvertido-periodista-hondureno-david-romero-ellner-por-covid-19 |website=Vanguardia |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Soares da Costa, José Henrique}}[[Henrique Soares da Costa]]
| {{age|1963|04|11|2020|07|18}}
| Roman Catholic [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Palmares|Bishop of Palmares]]
| Brazil (Recife)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Falece o bispo da diocese de Palmares (PE), dom Henrique Soares da Costa |url=https://www.cnbb.org.br/falece-o-bispo-da-diocese-de-palmares-pe-dom-henrique-soares-da-costa/ |website=CNBB |language=pt-BR |date=19 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-19|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Salinas, César}}[[César Salinas]]
| 59
| President of the [[Bolivian Football Federation]] (since 2018)
| Bolivia ([[La Paz]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Presidente da Federação Boliviana, César Salinas, morre vítima de Covid-19 |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/futebol-internacional/noticia/presidente-da-federacao-boliviana-cesar-salinas-morre-vitima-de-covid-19.ghtml |website=[[:pt:Globoesporte.com|Globoesporte.com]] |language=pt-BR |trans-title=President of the Bolivian Football Federation, César Salinas, dies victim of COVID-19 |date=19 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lewis, Ruth}}[[Ruth Lewis]]
| 77
| Nun, member of the [[Franciscan Missionaries of Christ the King]]
| Pakistan (Karachi)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Darul Sukoon incharge Sister Ruth Lewis dies of coronavirus |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2020/07/21/darul-sukoon-incharge-sister-ruth-lewis-dies-of-coronavirus/ |website=[[Pakistan Today]] |language=en |date=21 July 2020 |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721091111/https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2020/07/21/darul-sukoon-incharge-sister-ruth-lewis-dies-of-coronavirus/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Villavicencio, Jorge}}[[Jorge Villavicencio]]
| 62
| Minister of Public Health and Social Assistance (2012–2014)
| Guatemala (Guatemala City)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Gonzalez |first1=Luis |title=Exministro Jorge Villavicencio muere por covid-19 |url=https://republica.gt/2020/07/20/exministro-jorge-villavicencio-muere-por-covid-19/ |website=República.gt |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=es |date=21 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-21|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dobson, Dobby}}[[Dobby Dobson]]
| 78
| Jamaican reggae singer and record producer
| United States (Florida)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Beloved Jamaican singer Dobby Dobson dies at 78 |url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/lead-stories/20200721/beloved-jamaican-singer-dobby-dobson-dies-78 |website=jamaica-gleaner.com |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=en |date=21 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-23|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Brijany, Hassan}}[[Hassan Brijany]]
| {{age|1961|04|12|2020|07|23}}
| Iranian-born Swedish actor
| 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Guldbaggevinnaren Hassan Brijany är död |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/a/rAB9A3/guldbaggevinnaren-hassan-brijany-ar-dod |website=Aftonbladet |accessdate=28 July 2020 |language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|dePyssler, Steve}}[[Steve dePyssler]]
| {{age|1919|07|19|2020|07|25}}
| [[United States Air Force]] colonel 
| United States ([[Bossier City, Louisiana|Bossier City]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Crowther |first1=Linnea |title=Col. Steve dePyssler (1919 – 2020), only known American to serve in four wars |url=https://www.legacy.com/news/celebrity-deaths/col-steve-depyssler-1919-2020-only-known-american-to-serve-in-four-wars/ |website=Legacy.com |accessdate=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mentor, José}}[[José Mentor]]
| {{age|1948|09|30|2020|07|25}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (2003–2019)
| Brazil (São Paulo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ex-deputado José Mentor (PT) morre aos 71 anos após ser vítima de coronavírus em SP, diz partido |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2020/07/25/ex-deputado-jose-mentor-pt-morre-vitima-de-coronavirus-em-sp-diz-partido.ghtml |website=G1 |accessdate=25 July 2020 |language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-25|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Woods, Helen Jones}}[[Helen Jones Woods]]
| 96
| Musician
| United States (Sarasota)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Leland |first1=John |title=Helen Jones Woods, Member of an All-Female Jazz Group, Dies at 96 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/04/obituaries/Helen-Woods-dead-coronavirus.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=8 August 2020 |date=4 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Alam, Israfil}}[[Israfil Alam]]
| {{age|1966|03|13|2020|07|27}}
| Member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (since 2009)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=করোনায় নওগাঁ-৬ আসনের এমপি ইসরাফিল আলমের মৃত্যু|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangla/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81-%E0%A7%AC-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81-164401|website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=27 July 2020|accessdate=28 July 2020|language=bn|trans-title=Naogaon-6 MP Israfil Alam dies of Coronavirus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Campbell, Felicia F.}}[[Felicia F. Campbell]]
| 89
| Professor of English at the [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Przybys |first=John |date=4 August 2020 |title=Beloved UNLV English professor taken by COVID-19 complications |language=en-US |work=Las Vegas Review-Journal |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/local/beloved-unlv-english-professor-taken-by-covid-19-complications-2088320/ |access-date=5 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chowdhury, AKM Amanul Islam}}[[AKM Amanul Islam Chowdhury]]
| 83
| Political advisor
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=AKM Amanul Islam dies of Covid-19 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/akm-amanul-islam-dies-covid-19-1937365 |website=The Daily Star |accessdate=2 August 2020 |language=en |date=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-27|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Howard, Frank A.}}[[Frank A. Howard]]
| {{age|1938|12|1|2020|07|27}}
| Member of the [[Louisiana House of Representatives]] (2008–2020)
| United States ([[Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Baton Rouge]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Barnhart |first1=Kevin |title=Vernon Parish political icon Frank Howard passes away |url=https://louisianaradionetwork.com/2020/07/27/12524/ |website=louisianaradionetwork.com |accessdate=28 July 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bukvarević, Salko}}[[Salko Bukvarević]]
| {{age|1967|4|20|2020|07|29}}
| Minister for Veterans and Disabled Veterans (since 2015)
| Bosnia and Herzegovina ([[Sarajevo]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jutarnji list - Od Covida-19 umro BiH ministar: Stanje mu se pogoršalo prije 10 dana, bio je na respiratoru |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/od-covida-19-umro-bih-ministar-stanje-mu-se-pogorsalo-prije-10-dana-bio-je-na-respiratoru-15010845 |website=www.jutarnji.hr |accessdate=31 July 2020 |language=hr-hr |date=29 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Haque, Sheikh Md. Nurul}}[[Sheikh Md. Nurul Haque]]
| {{age|1940|11|15|2020|07|29}}
| Member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (1996–2001, 2014–2019)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka) 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ex-AL MP Nurul Haq dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/112453/ex-al-mp-nurul-haq-dies-of-covid-19 |website=New Age |accessdate=31 July 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pinto, Hernán}}[[Hernán Pinto]]
| {{age|1953|1|17|2020|07|29}}
| Mayor of [[Valparaíso]] (1990–1992 and 1992–2004)
| Chile ([[Viña del Mar]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fallece exalcalde de Valparaíso Hernán Pinto por complicaciones derivadas del Covid-19 |url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/fallece-exalcalde-de-valpariso-hernan-pinto-por-complicaciones-derivadas-del-covid-19/NLEHW2S72JB3VD3JEAUXZYZ2YM/ |website=[[La Tercera]] |accessdate=4 August 2020 |date=29 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Shiri, Perrance}}[[Perrance Shiri]]
| {{age|1955|1|11|2020|07|29}}
| [[Ministry of Agriculture (Zimbabwe)|Minister of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement]] (since 2017) and [[List of commanders of the Air Force of Zimbabwe|Commander of the Air Force]] (1992–2017)
| Zimbabwe (Harare)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Minister Perence Shiri Dies of Covid-19 |url=https://wakanda24.com/agriculture-minister-perence-shiri-dies-of-covid-19/ |website=Wakanda 24 |accessdate=29 July 2020 |date=29 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-30|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cain, Herman}}[[Herman Cain]]
| {{age|1945|12|13|2020|07|30}}
|Business executive, writer and political activist
|United States ([[Atlanta]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Perano|first=Ursula|title=Herman Cain dies from coronavirus|url=https://www.axios.com/herman-dies-coronavirus-5af21554-24dc-48a9-ab21-b750465aff4e.html|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Axios|language=en|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730155730/https://www.axios.com/herman-dies-coronavirus-5af21554-24dc-48a9-ab21-b750465aff4e.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mack, Bill}}[[Bill Mack (songwriter)|Bill Mack]]
| {{age|1932|6|4|2020|07|31}}
|American singer, songwriter, and radio host
|United States (Irving)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former WBAP Country Cowboy, Bill Mack, Dead at 88 |url=https://www.wbap.com/2020/07/31/former-wbap-country-cowboy-bill-mack-dead-at-88/ |website=News Talk WBAP-AM |accessdate=31 July 2020 |date=31 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Texas Radio's ‘Midnight Cowboy,' Country Songwriter Bill Mack Dies of COVID-19, Family Says |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/coronavirus/texas-radios-midnight-cowboy-country-songwriter-bill-mack-dies-of-covid-19-family-says/2417743/ |website=NBCDFW |accessdate=2 August 2020 |date=31 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Peter, Zamuxolo}}[[Zamuxolo Peter]]
| {{age|1965|1|10|2020|07|31}}
| Member of the [[National Assembly of South Africa]] (since 2019)
| 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ANC MP Zamuxolo Peter died after testing positive for Covid-19 |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/anc-mp-zamuxolo-peter-died-after-testing-positive-for-covid-19-20200801 |website=News24 |accessdate=2 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801161909/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/anc-mp-zamuxolo-peter-died-after-testing-positive-for-covid-19-20200801 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-07-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Yerniyazov, Musa}}[[Musa Yerniyazov]]
| {{age|1947|12|20|2020|07|31}}
| Politician
| Uzbekistan ([[Nukus]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=President: Musa Yerniyazov was the heroic leader of the heroic people |url=http://www.uzdaily.com/en/post/58895 |website=UzDaily.uz |accessdate=2 August 2020 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|- id=&quot;August 2020&quot;
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rao, Pydikondala Manikyala}}[[Pydikondala Manikyala Rao]]
| 59
| Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] (2014–2019)
| India ([[Vijayawada]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Senior BJP leader and former Andhra minister P Manikyala Rao succumbs to COVID-19 - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2020/aug/01/senior-bjp-leader-and-former-andhra-minister-p-manikyala-rao-succumbs-to-covid-19-2177784.amp |website=www.newindianexpress.com |accessdate=1 August 2020 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802205520/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2020/aug/01/senior-bjp-leader-and-former-andhra-minister-p-manikyala-rao-succumbs-to-covid-19-2177784.amp |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-01|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Sinai, Khosrow}}[[Khosrow Sinai]]
| {{age|1941|1|19|2020|08|01}}
| Film director
| Iran (Tehran)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=درگذشت خسرو سینایی؛ 'من ایران را دوست دارم' |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-53594367 |website=BBC News فارسی |accessdate=1 August 2020 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rani Varun, Kamal}}[[Kamal Rani Varun]]
| {{age|1958|5|3|2020|08|02}}
| Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] (since 2017)
| India ([[Lucknow]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19: Uttar Pradesh Minister Kamla Rani Varun dies at 62 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/covid-19-uttar-pradesh-minister-kamla-rani-varun-dies-at-62/article32252225.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=2 August 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Robbins, Tootie}}[[Tootie Robbins]]
| {{age|1958|6|2|2020|08|02}}
| [[American football]] player
| United States ([[Chandler, Arizona|Chandler]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Silverstein |first1=Tom |title=Former NFL offensive tackle Tootie Robbins dies after contracting COVID-19 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2020/08/03/green-bay-packers-former-tackle-tootie-robbins-reportedly-dies-62/5578846002/ |website=USA TODAY |accessdate=4 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Singh, Satyanarayan}}[[Satyanarayan Singh (Bihar politician, died 2020)|Satyanarayan Singh]]
| 77
| Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] (1990–2000)
| India ([[Patna]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Coronavirus: Bihar State CPI secretary Satya Narain Singh succumbs to infection |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-bihar-state-cpi-secretary-satya-narain-singh-succumbs-to-infection/article32257405.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=4 August 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Alamgir, ATM}}[[ATM Alamgir]]
| 70
| Member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (1991–1996)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Freedom Fighter ATM Alamgir dies of Covid-19 |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2020/08/03/freedom-fighter-atm-alamgir-dies-of-covid-19 |website=Dhaka Tribune |accessdate=3 August 2020 |date=3 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Anwar, Dani}}[[Dani Anwar]]
| {{age|1968|2|22|2020|08|03}}
| [[Regional Representative Council|Senator]] (2009–2014)
| Indonesia (Jakarta)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Legislator DKI Dani Anwar Meninggal Karena Covid-19 |url=https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/akW5RZaN-legislator-dki-dani-anwar-meninggal-karena-covid-19 |website=medcom.id |accessdate=4 August 2020 |language=id |date=3 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Barkatullah, Mohammad}}[[Mohammad Barkatullah (producer)|Mohammad Barkatullah]]
| 76
| Television producer
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Noted TV producer Md Barkatullah passes away with Covid-19 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/noted-tv-producer-md-barkatullah-passes-away-covid-19-1939529 |website=The Daily Star |accessdate=11 August 2020 |language=en |date=3 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rajaiah, Sunnam}}[[Sunnam Rajaiah]]
| {{age|1960|8|8|2020|08|04}}
| Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] (1999–2009 and since 2017)
| India (Vijayawada)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Senior CPI (M) leader Sunnam Rajaiah dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telangana-senior-cpi-m-leader-sunnam-rajaiah-dies-of-covid-19/article32264720.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=4 August 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Yawalapiti, Aritana}}[[Aritana Yawalapiti]]
| 71
| Indigenous rights activist, cacique, and ecologist
| Brazil ([[Goiânia]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Liderança do Alto Xingu, cacique Aritana morre aos 71 anos vítima de Covid-19 |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2020/08/lideranca-do-alto-xingu-cacique-aritana-morre-aos-71-anos-vitima-de-covid-19.shtml |website=Folha de S.Paulo |accessdate=6 August 2020 |language=pt-BR |date=5 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chakraborty, Shyamal}}[[Shyamal Chakraborty]]
| 76
| Member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] (2008–2014) and [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] (1981–1996)
| India (Kolkata) 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Veteran CPM leader Shyamal Chakraborty dies of Covid-19 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/aug/06/veteran-cpim-leader-shyamal-chakraborty-dies-of-covid-19-2179949.html |website=The New Indian Express |accessdate=6 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pepeta, Lungile}}[[Lungile Pepeta]]
| 46
| Academic and paediatric cardiologist, executive dean of [[Nelson Mandela University]]
| South Africa ([[Bizana, Eastern Cape|Bizana]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=CMS chairperson professor Lungile Pepeta dies of COVID-19 |url=https://ewn.co.za/2020/08/08/cms-chairperson-professor-lungile-pepeta-dies-of-covid-19 |website=Eyewitness News |accessdate=20 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822133357/https://ewn.co.za/2020/08/08/cms-chairperson-professor-lungile-pepeta-dies-of-covid-19 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Popova, Nina}}[[Nina Popova]]
| {{age|1922|10|20|2020|08|07}}
| Ballet dancer
| United States ([[St. Augustine, Florida]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Leland |first=John |date=21 August 2020 |title=Nina Popova, Dancer Who Fled Bolsheviks and Nazis, Dies at 97 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/21/obituaries/nina-popova-dead-coronavirus.html |access-date=23 August 2020 |website=The New York Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-07|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Williams, Stephen F.}}[[Stephen F. Williams]]
| 83
| Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]] (since 1986)
| United States (Washington, D.C.)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kunkle |first=Fredrick |date=8 August 2020 |title=Stephen F. Williams, longtime federal appeals judge in D.C., dies of coronavirus at 83 |language=en |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/federal-dc-appeals-judge-stephen-f-williams-dies-of-coronavirus-at-83/2020/08/08/4ea03df0-d9bd-11ea-930e-d88518c57dcc_story.html |access-date=8 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lim, Alfredo}}[[Alfredo Lim]]
| 90
| [[Mayor of Manila]] (1992–1998; 2007–2013) and Member of the [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]] (2004–2007)
| Philippines (Manila) 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ex-Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim dies at 90 |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/8/8/alfredo-lim-dies-at-90.html |website=CNN Philippines |accessdate=8 August 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808172429/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/8/8/alfredo-lim-dies-at-90.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Kashamu, Buruji}}[[Buruji Kashamu]]
| 62
| [[Senate of Nigeria|Senator]] (2015-2019)
| Nigeria (Lagos)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Buruji Kashamu dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/breaking-buruji-kashamu-dies-of-covid-19.html |accessdate=8 August 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808181400/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/breaking-buruji-kashamu-dies-of-covid-19.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-08|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Yellaiah, Nandi}}[[Nandi Yellaiah]]
| {{age|1942|7|1|2020|08|08}}
| Member of the [https://www.bukansekedarberita.com BukanSekedarBerita.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420231200/https://www.bukansekedarberita.com/ |date=2024-04-20 }} (2014-2019)
| India ([[Hyderabad]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Senior Congress leader Nandi Yellaiah dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.siasat.com/senior-congress-leader-nandi-yellaiah-dies-of-covid-19-1941836/ |website=The Siasat Daily |accessdate=8 August 2020 |date=8 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Harris, James}}[[Kamala (wrestler)|Kamala]]
| {{age|1950|5|28|2020|08|09}}
| Professional wrestler
| United States ([[Oxford, Mississippi|Oxford]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Heel |first1=N.|title=WWE Legend Kamala Passes Away |url=https://heelbynature.com/wrestling-news/wwe-news/wwe-legend-kamala-passes-away// |website=Heel By Nature |accessdate=10 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-10|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Adhani, Nadjmi}}[[Nadjmi Adhani]]
| {{age|1969|9|27|2020|08|10}}
| Mayor of [[Banjarbaru]]
| Indonesia ([[Banjarbaru]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Apriadi |last=Gunawan |title=Banjarbaru mayor dies after battle with COVID-19 |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/paper/2020/08/10/banjarbaru-mayor-dies-after-battle-with-covid-19.html |work=[[Jakarta Post]] |publisher= |date=11 August 2020  |accessdate=1 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901012316/https://www.thejakartapost.com/paper/2020/08/10/banjarbaru-mayor-dies-after-battle-with-covid-19.html |archivedate=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Brillantes, Sixto}}[[Sixto Brillantes]]
| {{age|1939|08|14|2020|08|11}}
| [[Commission on Elections (Philippines)|Chairman of the Commission on Elections]] (2011–2015)
| Philippines (Manila)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Esmaquel |first1=Paterno II R. |title=Ex-poll chief Brillantes dies after bout with COVID-19 |url=https://rappler.com/nation/former-comelec-chair-sixto-brillantes-dies |accessdate=11 August 2020 |work=Rappler |date=11 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Indori, Rahat}}[[Rahat Indori]]
|70
|[[Bollywood]] lyricist, [[Urdu]] poet, professor of Urdu, painter
| India ([[Indore]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Noted Urdu Poet Rahat Indori Tests Positive for Covid-19, Admitted to Hospital|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/noted-urdu-poet-rahat-indori-tests-positive-for-covid-19-admitted-to-hospital-2775901.html|access-date=11 August 2020|website=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Lopez, Trini}}[[Trini Lopez]]
|83
|Singer and actor
| United States ([[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://heavy.com/news/2020/08/trini-lopez-dead/|title=‘The Dirty Dozen’ Star &amp; Legendary Singer Trini Lopez III Dies at 83 From Coronavirus|first=Paul|last=Farrell|date=11 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Jack, Mac}}[[Mac Jack]]
| {{age|1965|3|8|2020|08|12}}
| Member of the [[Northern Cape Provincial Legislature]] (since 2013)
| South Africa ([[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Etheridge |first1=Jenna |title=Northern Cape Education MEC McCollen Ntsikelelo Jack dies of Covid-19 |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/just-in-northern-cape-education-mec-mccollen-ntsikelelo-jack-dies-20200812 |website=News24 |accessdate=13 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812234454/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/just-in-northern-cape-education-mec-mccollen-ntsikelelo-jack-dies-20200812 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Brew, Frank}}[[Frank Brew]]
| {{age|1927|9|19|2020|08|13}}
| [[Australian rules football]]er
| Australia ([[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Vale Frank Brew |url=https://www.sydneyswans.com.au/news/795020/vale-frank-brew |website=www.sydneyswans.com.au |accessdate=15 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Keldi, Gulnazar}}[[Gulnazar Keldi]]
| {{age|1945|9|20|2020|08|13}}
| Lyricist and poet
| Tajikistan ([[Dushanbe]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Даргузашти муаллифи суруди миллӣ Гулназар Келдӣ дар бемористон {{!}} Новости Таджикистана ASIA-Plus |url=https://asiaplustj.info/ru/node/286048 |website=asiaplustj.info |accessdate=13 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vivas, Darío}}[[Darío Vivas]]
| {{age|1950|6|12|2020|08|13}}
| [[List of Venezuela governors|Head of government of the Capital District]] (since 2020)
| Venezuela ([[Caracas]]) 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dario Vivas no resistió el coronavirus y murió este jueves en Caracas |url=https://www.ntn24.com/america-latina/venezuela/dario-vivas-no-resistio-el-coronavirus-y-murio-este-jueves-en-caracas |website=NTN24 |accessdate=14 August 2020 |language=es |date=13 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Goel, Surendra Prakash}}[[Surendra Prakash Goel]]
| {{age|1946|1|1|2020|08|14}}
| Member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (2004–2009)
| India (Delhi)  
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Surendra Goyal Died: गाजियाबाद के पूर्व सांसद सुरेंद्र प्रकाश गोयल का निधन, कोरोना से थे पीड़ित |url=https://www.jagran.com/politics/national-ncr-congress-leader-and-former-mp-of-ghaziabad-surendra-prakash-goel-passes-away-20626643.html?utm_expid=.r7iYMyiZTWCYE7XR7GCvvg.0&amp;utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F |website=Dainik Jagran |accessdate=14 August 2020 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mamani, Moises}}[[Moisés Mamani]]
| {{age|1969|08|30|2020|08|14}}
| Member of the [[Congress of the Republic of Peru]] (2016–2019)
| Peru (Lima)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=GESTIÓN |first1=NOTICIAS |title=Política: Excongresista Moisés Mamani falleció por coronavirus en Lima {{!}} nndc {{!}} NOTICIAS GESTIÓN PERÚ |url=https://gestion.pe/peru/politica/excongresista-moises-mamani-fallecio-por-coronavirus-en-lima-nndc-noticia/ |accessdate=14 August 2020 |work=Gestión |date=14 August 2020 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-15|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Baseer, Murtaja}}[[Murtaja Baseer]]
| {{age|1932|08|17|2020|08|15}}
| Painter
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Renowned artist Murtaja Baseer dies of Covid-19 |url=http://m.theindependentbd.com/post/251660 |website=[[The Independent (Bangladesh)]] |accessdate=15 August 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822133437/http://m.theindependentbd.com/post/251660 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chauhan, Chetan}}[[Chetan Chauhan]]
| {{age|1947|07|21|2020|08|16}}
| Cricketer
| India ([[Gurugram]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former India cricketer Chetan Chauhan passes away due to Covid-19 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/former-india-cricketer-chetan-chauhan-passes-away/story-sRdL9L9NwogwAnh1mAz3ZI.html |website=Hindustan Times |accessdate=16 August 2020 |language=en |date=16 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-16|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Narcio, Caio}}[[Caio Narcio]]
| {{age|1986|08|21|2020|08|16}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (2015–2019)
| Brazil (São Paulo)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Morre ex-deputado federal Caio Narcio vítima da Covid-19; pai do político divulga vídeo com homenagem |url=https://g1.globo.com/mg/triangulo-mineiro/noticia/2020/08/16/morre-ex-deputado-federal-caio-narcio-vitima-da-covid-19.ghtml |website=G1 |accessdate=19 August 2020 |language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Coutinho, Elsimar M.}}[[Elsimar M. Coutinho]]
| {{age|1930|05|18|2020|08|17}}
| Gynecologist
| Brazil (São Paulo) 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Morre médico Elsimar Coutinho após complicações da Covid-19 |url=https://www.atarde.uol.com.br/bahia/noticias/2136101-morre-medico-elsimar-coutinho-apos-complicacoes-da-covid19 |website=A TARDE |accessdate=18 August 2020 |language=pt-br |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822133449/https://www.atarde.uol.com.br/bahia/noticias/2136101-morre-medico-elsimar-coutinho-apos-complicacoes-da-covid19 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-17|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Keller, Chaim Dov}}[[Chaim Dov Keller]]
| 90
| [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] rabbi
| United States (Chicago) 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BD&quot;E: Hagaon Harav Chaim Dov Keller, Zt&quot;l, Rosh Yeshivah, Yeshivas Telshe Chicago |url=https://hamodia.com/2020/08/17/bde-hagaon-harav-chaim-dov-keller-ztl-rosh-yeshivah-yeshivas-telshe-chicago/ |website=Hamodia |accessdate=19 August 2020 |language=en |date=17 August 2020 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819024203/https://hamodia.com/2020/08/17/bde-hagaon-harav-chaim-dov-keller-ztl-rosh-yeshivah-yeshivas-telshe-chicago/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Parashkevov, Amvrosius}}[[Amvrosius Parashkevov]]
| {{age|1942|06|09|2020|08|18}}
| Metropolitan Bishop of Dorostol (since 2010) and Bishop of [[Branitsa]] (1998–2010)
| Bulgaria ([[Silistra]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Доростолският митрополит Амвросий почина от коронавирус |url=https://www.mediapool.bg/dorostolskiyat-mitropolit-amvrosiy-pochina-ot-koronavirus-news311160.html |website=Mediapool.bg |accessdate=24 August 2020 |language=bg-BG}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-18|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Rahman, Azizur}}[[Azizur Rahman (Bangladeshi politician)|Azizur Rahman]]
| {{age|1943|09|26|2020|08|18}}
| Member of the [https://www.bicarafakta.com BicaraFakta.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409120640/https://www.bicarafakta.com/ |date=2023-04-09 }} (1986–1988, 1991–1996)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Moulvibazar Zila Parishad chairman Azizur Rahman dies of Covid-19 |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/health/coronavirus/2020/08/18/moulvibazar-zila-parishad-chairman-azizur-rahman-dies-of-covid-19 |website=Dhaka Tribune |date=18 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-20|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cullotta, Frank}}[[Frank Cullotta]]
| {{age|1938|12|14|2020|08|20}}
| Mobster and movie consultant
| United States (Las Vegas)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ex-mobster Frank Cullotta, crony of Tony Spilotro, dies in Las Vegas |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/local/local-las-vegas/ex-mobster-frank-cullotta-crony-of-tony-spilotro-dies-in-las-vegas-2100017/ |website=Las Vegas Review-Journal |accessdate=21 August 2020 |date=20 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-22|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bangsund, John}}[[John Bangsund]]
| 81
| Science fiction fan
| Australia ([[Preston, Victoria|Preston]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=John Bangsund (1939-2020) |url=https://locusmag.com/2020/08/john-bangsund-1939-2020/ |website=Locus Online |accessdate=24 August 2020 |date=24 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-24|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Dino, Sálvio}}[[Sálvio Dino]]
| {{age|1932|6|5|2020|08|24}}
| Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1963–1964, 1974–1979)
| Brazil ([[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Órgãos e autoridades no Maranhão lamentam morte de Sálvio Dino, pai do governador Flávio Dino |url=https://g1.globo.com/ma/maranhao/noticia/2020/08/24/orgaos-e-autoridades-no-maranhao-lamentam-morte-de-salvio-dino-pai-do-governador-flavio-dino.ghtml |website=G1 |accessdate=24 August 2020 |language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cruz, Oscar}}[[Oscar Cruz]]
| {{age|1934|11|17|2020|08|26}}
| Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lingayen–Dagupan|Lingayen-Dagupan]] (1991–2009) [https://mixue.world/ Mixue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602025242/https://mixue.world/ |date=2023-06-02 }}
| Philippines ([[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former CBCP president Oscar Cruz succumbs to COVID-19 |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/8/26/former-CBCP-president-Oscar-Cruz-dies-.html |website=CNN Philippines |accessdate=26 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826062103/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/8/26/former-CBCP-president-Oscar-Cruz-dies-.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-26|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mudge, Dirk}}[[Dirk Mudge]]
| {{age|1928|1|16|2020|08|26}}
| Member of the [[National Assembly (Namibia)|National Assembly]] (1990–1993) and Chairman of the [[Turnhalle Constitutional Conference]]
| Namibia ([[Windhoek]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dirk Mudge dies at 92 |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/94038/read/Dirk-Mudge-dies-at-92 |website=The Namibian |accessdate=26 August 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-28|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Vasanthakumar, H.}}[[H. Vasanthakumar]]
| {{age|1950|4|14|2020|08|28}}
| Member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (since 2019) and the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] (2016–2019)
| India (Chennai)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Congress MP H Vasanthakumar passes away due to Covid-19 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/h-vasanthakumar-owner-of-vasanth-co-passes-away-due-to-covid-19/article32467512.ece |website=The Hindu Business Line |accessdate=28 August 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-29|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Padmavati, S. I.}}[[S. I. Padmavati]]
| {{age|1917|6|20|2020|08|29}}
| Cardiologist
| India (New Delhi)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Eminent cardiologist Dr Padmavati dies at 103 of COVID-19 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/eminent-cardiologist-dr-padmavati-dies-at-103-of-covid19/1926090 |website=Outlook India |accessdate=31 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Mukherjee, Pranab}}[[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| {{age|1935|12|11|2020|08|31}}
| [[President of India]] (2012–2017)
| India (New Delhi)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former President Pranab Mukherjee Dies At 84|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-president-pranab-mukherjee-dies-at-84-2288134|website=ndtv.com|accessdate=31 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-08-31|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Seaver, Tom}}[[Tom Seaver]]
| {{age|1944|11|17|2020|08|31}}
| [[National Baseball Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] baseball player
| United States ([[Calistoga, California|Calistoga]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Hall of Fame pitcher Tom Seaver passes away at age 75 |url=https://baseballhall.org/discover/hall-of-fame-pitcher-tom-seaver-passes-away |website=Baseball Hall of Fame |accessdate=3 September 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|- id=&quot;September 2020&quot;
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Gowda, Agustín M. J. Appaji}}[[M. J. Appaji Gowda]]
| 69
| Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Council]] (2013–2018)
| India ([[Shimoga]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Bhadravathi MLA Appaji Gowda dies of Covid-19 |url=https://www.mysoorunews.com/former-bhadravathi-mla-appaji-gowda-dies-of-covid-19/ |website=Mysooru News |accessdate=10 September 2020 |date=3 September 2020 |archive-date=13 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913062552/https://www.mysoorunews.com/former-bhadravathi-mla-appaji-gowda-dies-of-covid-19/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-02|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Radrizzani, Agustín Roberto}}[[Agustín Roberto Radrizzani]]
| {{age|1944|9|22|2020|09|2}}
| [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mercedes-Luján|Archbishop of Mercedes-Luján]] (2007–2019)
| Argentina ([[Junín, Buenos Aires|Junín]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Falleció Monseñor Agustín Radrizzani - La Razon de Chivilcoy |url=https://www.larazondechivilcoy.com.ar/locales/2020/9/2/fallecio-monsenor-agustin-radrizzani-127046.html |website=www.larazondechivilcoy.com.ar |accessdate=2 September 2020 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-03|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Pursell, Bill}}[[Bill Pursell]]
| {{age|1926|06|09|2020|09|03}}
| Composer
| United States (Nashville) 
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Grammy-nominated composer William Pursell dies from COVID-19 |url=https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2020-09-05/william-pursell-grammy-nominated-composer-dies-covid19 |website=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=6 September 2020 |date=6 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Williams, Joe}}[[Joe Williams (Cook Islands politician)|Joe Williams]]
| {{age|1934|10|4|2020|09|04}}
| [[Prime Minister of the Cook Islands]] (1999)
| New Zealand ([[Auckland]])
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Cook Islands PM dies in Auckland after contracting Covid |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/425296/former-cook-islands-pm-dies-in-auckland-after-contracting-covid |accessdate=5 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-04|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Cadena, Lloyd}}[[Lloyd Cadena]]
| {{age|1993|09|22|2020|09|04}}
| [[Vlogger]]
| Philippines (Muntinlupa)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=News |first=ABS-CBN |date=6 September 2020 |title=Family reveals more details about Lloyd Cadena's death |language=en |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/09/06/20/family-reveals-more-details-about-lloyd-cadenas-death |access-date=8 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Chowdhury,Abu Osman}}[[Abu Osman Chowdhury]]
| {{age|1936|01|01|2020|09|05}}
| [[Mukti Bahini]] Commander of Sector 8 during [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Liberation War]] of [[Bangladesh]] (1971)
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=করোনাভাইরাসে মারা গেলেন সেক্টর কমান্ডার আবু ওসমান চৌধুরী|language=bn|trans-title=Sector Commander Abu Osman Chowdhury Dies of Coronavirus|publisher=The Business Standard|url=https://tbsnews.net/bangla/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80|date=5 September 2020|access-date=5 September 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-05|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bakshi, Johny}}[[Johny Bakshi]]
| {{age|1932|01|02|2020|09|05}}
| Film director and producer [https://dutafilm.org/ Dutafilm.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205090209/https://dutafilm.org/ |date=2023-12-05 }}
| India (Mumbai)
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/johnny-bakshis-death-johnny-bakshis-movies-johnny-bakshis-age.html Filmmaker Johnny Bakshi Breathes His Last At A Mumbai Hospital Today]&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-06|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Williamson, Bruce}} [[Bruce Williamson (singer)|Bruce Williamson]]
| 49
| Lead singer of [[The Temptations]]
| United States (Las Vegas)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sblendorio |first=Peter |title=The Temptations singer Bruce Williamson dead at 49 after coronavirus battle |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-bruce-williamson-temptations-singer-dead-20200907-pfxu657xkrhtfobsost36dcbca-story.html |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=nydailynews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-09|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Firoz, KS}} [[KS Firoz]]
| 76
| Actor
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Eminent actor KS Firoz passes away |url=http://unb.com.bd/category/Entertainment/eminent-actor-ks-firoz-passes-away/57135 |website=United News of Bangladesh |accessdate=9 September 2020 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-11|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Shaker, Nadhim}} [[Nadhim Shaker]]
| {{age|1958|12|18|2020|09|11}}
| Football player and manager
| Iraq ([[Erbil]])
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=وفاة ناظم شاكر نجم الكرة العراقية السابق |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=953747 |website=كووورة |accessdate=12 September 2020 |date=11 September 2020|language=Arabic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-11|format=dm}}
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Hibbert, Toots}} [[Toots Hibbert]]
| {{age|1942|12|8|2020|09|11}}
| Founder and lead singer of [[Toots and the Maytals]]
| Jamaica (Kingston)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reggae artiste Toots Hibbert has died|url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20200912/reggae-artiste-toots-hibbert-has-died |access-date=12 September 2020|website=www.jamaica-gleaner.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Casamiquela, Carlos}} [[Carlos Casamiquela]]
| {{age|1948|6|9|2020|09|12}}
| [[Ministry of Agriculture (Argentina)|Ministry of Agriculture]] (2013–2015)
| Argentina (Buenos Aires)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Falleció Carlos Casamiquela, exministro de Agricultura de la Nación |url=https://www.rionegro.com.ar/fallecio-carlos-casamiquela-exministro-de-agricultura-de-la-nacion-1497705/ |website=Diario Río Negro |accessdate=13 September 2020 |language=es-ES |date=12 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-12|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Megahed, Azmi Mohamed}} [[Azmi Mohamed Megahed]]
| {{age|1950|4|15|2020|09|12}}
| Olympic volleyball player
| Egypt (Cairo)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Zamalek volleyball star Azmy Megahed passes away of COVID-19 |url=https://dailynewsegypt.com/2020/09/12/former-zamalek-volleyball-star-azmy-megahed-passes-away-of-covid-19/ |website=Daily New Egypt |accessdate=12 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-13|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Singh, Raghuvansh Prasad}} [[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]]
| {{age|1946|6|6|2020|09|13}}
| Member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (1996–2014) and [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Minister of Rural Development]] (2008–2009)
| India (New Delhi)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Former Union Minister Raghuvansh Prasad Singh passes away in Delhi |url=https://newsd.in/former-union-minister-raghuvansh-prasad-singh-passes-away-in-delhi/ |website=Newsd.in |accessdate=13 September 2020 |date=13 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|-
| {{Date table sorting|2020-09-14|format=dm}}
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{hs|Bachchu, Sadek}} [[Sadek Bachchu]]
| {{age|1955|1|1|2020|09|14}}
| Actor
| Bangladesh (Dhaka)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Actor Sadek Bachchu dies from COVID-19 illness at 66 |url=http://thedailynewnation.com/news/263057/actor-sadek-bachchu-dies-from-covid-19-illness-at-66 |website=The New Nation |accessdate=14 September 2020 |language=en |archive-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004185040/http://thedailynewnation.com/news/263057/actor-sadek-bachchu-dies-from-covid-19-illness-at-66 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
{{Back to contents}}

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
      <sha1>6q0t5i4yx21ob095ehfxlriss70201f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Abbr</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6277</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35439</id>
      <timestamp>2020-09-15T05:37:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;abbr {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class=&quot;{{{class}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id=&quot;{{{id}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style=&quot;{{{style}}}&quot;}} title=&quot;{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35439</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="245" sha1="b6zvtcrye54kh0akzk3y1jq9lxg4lm6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;abbr {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class=&quot;{{{class}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id=&quot;{{{id}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style=&quot;{{{style}}}&quot;}} title=&quot;{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|&quot;|&amp;quot;}}}}&quot;&gt;{{{1|}}}&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>b6zvtcrye54kh0akzk3y1jq9lxg4lm6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Age in years</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6278</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35440</id>
      <timestamp>2020-09-15T05:39:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#invoke:age|age_generic|template=age_in_years}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35440</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="91" sha1="t5ppv7foxwcj4h7eez5qo7s5kj6256f" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:age|age_generic|template=age_in_years}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>t5ppv7foxwcj4h7eez5qo7s5kj6256f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Date table sorting</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6279</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35441</id>
      <timestamp>2020-09-15T05:40:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#invoke:Date table sorting|main}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35441</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="127" sha1="kofvcjw2e55iuo6wc62fxixsd7n64wz" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#invoke:Date table sorting|main}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kofvcjw2e55iuo6wc62fxixsd7n64wz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Age</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6280</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35442</id>
      <timestamp>2020-09-15T05:40:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- Implement various &quot;age of&quot; and other date-related templates.  local mtext = { 	-- Message and other text that should be localized. 	['mt-bad-param1'] =             'Invalid...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35442</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="32188" sha1="mb15rzxmhuq9xajf31lr7tqspfn2vcp" xml:space="preserve">-- Implement various &quot;age of&quot; and other date-related templates.

local mtext = {
	-- Message and other text that should be localized.
	['mt-bad-param1'] =             'Invalid parameter $1',
	['mt-bad-param2'] =             'Parameter $1=$2 is invalid',
	['mt-bad-show'] =               'Parameter show=$1 is not supported here',
	['mt-cannot-add'] =             'Cannot add &quot;$1&quot;',
	['mt-conflicting-show'] =       'Parameter show=$1 conflicts with round=$2',
	['mt-date-wrong-order'] =       'The second date must be later in time than the first date',
	['mt-dd-future'] =              'Death date (first date) must not be in the future',
	['mt-dd-wrong-order'] =         'Death date (first date) must be later in time than the birth date (second date)',
	['mt-invalid-bd-age'] =         'Invalid birth date for calculating age',
	['mt-invalid-dates-age'] =      'Invalid dates for calculating age',
	['mt-invalid-end'] =            'Invalid end date in second parameter',
	['mt-invalid-start'] =          'Invalid start date in first parameter',
	['mt-need-jdn'] =               'Need valid Julian date number',
	['mt-need-valid-bd'] =          'Need valid birth date: year, month, day',
	['mt-need-valid-bd2'] =         'Need valid birth date (second date): year, month, day',
	['mt-need-valid-date'] =        'Need valid date',
	['mt-need-valid-dd'] =          'Need valid death date (first date): year, month, day',
	['mt-need-valid-ymd'] =         'Need valid year, month, day',
	['mt-need-valid-ymd-current'] = 'Need valid year|month|day or &quot;currentdate&quot;',
	['mt-need-valid-ymd2'] =        'Second date should be year, month, day',
	['mt-template-bad-name'] =      'The specified template name is not valid',
	['mt-template-x'] =             'The template invoking this must have &quot;|template=x&quot; where x is the wanted operation',
	['txt-age'] =                   '(age&amp;nbsp;',
	['txt-aged'] =                  ' (aged&amp;nbsp;',
	['txt-and'] =                   ' and ',
	['txt-comma-and'] =             ', and ',
	['txt-error'] =                 'Error: ',
	['txt-or'] =                    '&amp;nbsp;or ',
}

local translate, from_en, to_en, isZero
if translate then
	-- Functions to translate from en to local language and reverse go here.
	-- See example at [[:bn:Module:বয়স]].
else
	from_en = function (text)
		return text
	end
	isZero = function (text)
		return tonumber(text) == 0
	end
end

local _Date, _currentDate
local function getExports(frame)
	-- Return objects exported from the date module or its sandbox.
	if not _Date then
		local sandbox = frame:getTitle():find('sandbox', 1, true) and '/sandbox' or ''
		local datemod = require('Module:Date' .. sandbox)
		local realDate = datemod._Date
		_currentDate = datemod._current
		if to_en then
			_Date = function (...)
				local args = {}
				for i, v in ipairs({...}) do
					args[i] = to_en(v)
				end
				return realDate(unpack(args))
			end
		else
			_Date = realDate
		end
	end
	return _Date, _currentDate
end

local Collection  -- a table to hold items
Collection = {
	add = function (self, item)
		if item ~= nil then
			self.n = self.n + 1
			self[self.n] = item
		end
	end,
	join = function (self, sep)
		return table.concat(self, sep)
	end,
	remove = function (self, pos)
		if self.n &gt; 0 and (pos == nil or (0 &lt; pos and pos &lt;= self.n)) then
			self.n = self.n - 1
			return table.remove(self, pos)
		end
	end,
	sort = function (self, comp)
		table.sort(self, comp)
	end,
	new = function ()
		return setmetatable({n = 0}, Collection)
	end
}
Collection.__index = Collection

local function stripToNil(text)
	-- If text is a string, return its trimmed content, or nil if empty.
	-- Otherwise return text (which may, for example, be nil).
	if type(text) == 'string' then
		text = text:match('(%S.-)%s*$')
	end
	return text
end

local function yes(parameter)
	-- Return true if parameter should be interpreted as &quot;yes&quot;.
	-- Do not want to accept mixed upper/lowercase unless done by current templates.
	-- Need to accept &quot;on&quot; because &quot;round=on&quot; is wanted.
	return ({ y = true, yes = true, on = true })[parameter]
end

local function message(msg, id)
	-- Return formatted message text for an error or warning.
	local function getText(msg)
		return mtext[msg] or error('Bug: message &quot;' .. tostring(msg) .. '&quot; not defined')
	end
	local text
	if type(msg) == 'table' then
		text = getText(msg[1])
		local rep = {}
		for i, v in ipairs(msg) do
			if i &gt; 1 then
				rep['$' .. (i - 1)] = v
			end
		end
		text = text:gsub('$%d+', rep)
	else
		text = getText(msg)
	end
	local categories = {
		error = '[[Category:Age error]]',
		warning = '[[Category:Age error]]',  -- same as error until determine whether 'Age warning' would be worthwhile
	}
	local a, b, category
	if id == 'warning' then
		a = '&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;i&gt;'
		b = '&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;'
	else
		a = '&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;' .. getText('txt-error')
		b = '&lt;/strong&gt;'
	end
	if mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespaces(0) then
		-- Category only in namespaces: 0=article.
		category = categories[id or 'error']
	end
	return
		a ..
		mw.text.nowiki(text) ..
		b ..
		(category or '')
end

local function formatNumber(number)
	-- Return the given number formatted with commas as group separators,
	-- given that the number is an integer.
	local numstr = tostring(number)
	local length = #numstr
	local places = Collection.new()
	local pos = 0
	repeat
		places:add(pos)
		pos = pos + 3
	until pos &gt;= length
	places:add(length)
	local groups = Collection.new()
	for i = places.n, 2, -1 do
		local p1 = length - places[i] + 1
		local p2 = length - places[i - 1]
		groups:add(numstr:sub(p1, p2))
	end
	return groups:join(',')
end

local function spellNumber(number, options, i)
	-- Return result of spelling number, or
	-- return number (as a string) if cannot spell it.
	-- i == 1 for the first number which can optionally start with an uppercase letter.
	number = tostring(number)
	return require('Module:ConvertNumeric').spell_number(
		number,
		nil,                       -- fraction numerator
		nil,                       -- fraction denominator
		i == 1 and options.upper,  -- true: 'One' instead of 'one'
		not options.us,            -- true: use 'and' between tens/ones etc
		options.adj,               -- true: hyphenated
		options.ordinal            -- true: 'first' instead of 'one'
	) or number
end

local function makeExtra(args, flagCurrent)
	-- Return extra text that will be inserted before the visible result
	-- but after any sort key.
	local extra = args.prefix or ''
	if mw.ustring.len(extra) &gt; 1 then
		-- Parameter &quot;~&quot; gives &quot;~3&quot; whereas &quot;over&quot; gives &quot;over 3&quot;.
		if extra:sub(-6, -1) ~= '&amp;nbsp;' then
			extra = extra .. ' '
		end
	end
	if flagCurrent then
		extra = '&lt;span class=&quot;currentage&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;' .. extra
	end
	return extra
end

local function makeSort(value, sortable)
	-- Return a sort key if requested.
	-- Assume value is a valid number which has not overflowed.
	if sortable == 'sortable_table' or sortable == 'sortable_on' or sortable == 'sortable_debug' then
		local sortKey
		if value == 0 then
			sortKey = '5000000000000000000'
		else
			local mag = math.floor(math.log10(math.abs(value)) + 1e-14)
			if value &gt; 0 then
				sortKey = 7000 + mag
			else
				sortKey = 2999 - mag
				value = value + 10^(mag+1)
			end
			sortKey = string.format('%d', sortKey) .. string.format('%015.0f', math.floor(value * 10^(14-mag)))
		end
		local result
		if sortable == 'sortable_table' then
			result = 'data-sort-value=&quot;_SORTKEY_&quot;|'
		elseif sortable == 'sortable_debug' then
			result = '&lt;span data-sort-value=&quot;_SORTKEY_♠&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border:1px solid&quot;&gt;_SORTKEY_♠&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'
		else
			result = '&lt;span data-sort-value=&quot;_SORTKEY_♠&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'
		end
		return result:gsub('_SORTKEY_', sortKey)
	end
end

local translateParameters = {
	abbr = {
		off = 'abbr_off',
		on = 'abbr_on',
	},
	disp = {
		age = 'disp_age',
		raw = 'disp_raw',
	},
	format = {
		raw = 'format_raw',
		commas = 'format_commas',
	},
	round = {
		on = 'on',
		yes = 'on',
		months = 'ym',
		weeks = 'ymw',
		days = 'ymd',
		hours = 'ymdh',
	},
	sep = {
		comma = 'sep_comma',
		[','] = 'sep_comma',
		serialcomma = 'sep_serialcomma',
		space = 'sep_space',
	},
	show = {
		hide = { id = 'hide' },
		y = { 'y', id = 'y' },
		ym = { 'y', 'm', id = 'ym' },
		ymd = { 'y', 'm', 'd', id = 'ymd' },
		ymw = { 'y', 'm', 'w', id = 'ymw' },
		ymwd = { 'y', 'm', 'w', 'd', id = 'ymwd' },
		yd = { 'y', 'd', id = 'yd', keepZero = true },
		m = { 'm', id = 'm' },
		md = { 'm', 'd', id = 'md' },
		w = { 'w', id = 'w' },
		wd = { 'w', 'd', id = 'wd' },
		h = { 'H', id = 'h' },
		hm = { 'H', 'M', id = 'hm' },
		hms = { 'H', 'M', 'S', id = 'hms' },
		M = { 'M', id = 'M' },
		s = { 'S', id = 's' },
		d = { 'd', id = 'd' },
		dh = { 'd', 'H', id = 'dh' },
		dhm = { 'd', 'H', 'M', id = 'dhm' },
		dhms = { 'd', 'H', 'M', 'S', id = 'dhms' },
		ymdh = { 'y', 'm', 'd', 'H', id = 'ymdh' },
		ymdhm = { 'y', 'm', 'd', 'H', 'M', id = 'ymdhm' },
		ymwdh = { 'y', 'm', 'w', 'd', 'H', id = 'ymwdh' },
		ymwdhm = { 'y', 'm', 'w', 'd', 'H', 'M', id = 'ymwdhm' },
	},
	sortable = {
		off = false,
		on = 'sortable_on',
		table = 'sortable_table',
		debug = 'sortable_debug',
	},
}

local spellOptions = {
	cardinal = {},
	Cardinal = { upper = true },
	cardinal_us = { us = true },
	Cardinal_us = { us = true, upper = true },
	ordinal = { ordinal = true },
	Ordinal = { ordinal = true, upper = true },
	ordinal_us = { ordinal = true, us = true },
	Ordinal_us = { ordinal = true, us = true, upper = true },
}

local function dateExtract(frame)
	-- Return part of a date after performing an optional operation.
	local Date = getExports(frame)
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local parms = {}
	for i, v in ipairs(args) do
		parms[i] = v
	end
	if yes(args.fix) then
		table.insert(parms, 'fix')
	end
	if yes(args.partial) then
		table.insert(parms, 'partial')
	end
	local show = stripToNil(args.show) or 'dmy'
	local date = Date(unpack(parms))
	if not date then
		if show == 'format' then
			return 'error'
		end
		return message('mt-need-valid-date')
	end
	local add = stripToNil(args.add)
	if add then
		for item in add:gmatch('%S+') do
			date = date + item
			if not date then
				return message({ 'mt-cannot-add', item })
			end
		end
	end
	local sortKey, result
	local sortable = translateParameters.sortable[args.sortable]
	if sortable then
		local value = (date.partial and date.partial.first or date).jdz
		sortKey = makeSort(value, sortable)
	end
	if show ~= 'hide' then
		result = date[show]
		if result == nil then
			result = from_en(date:text(show))
		elseif type(result) == 'boolean' then
			result = result and '1' or '0'
		else
			result = from_en(tostring(result))
		end
	end
	return (sortKey or '') .. makeExtra(args) .. (result or '')
end

local function rangeJoin(range)
	-- Return text to be used between a range of ages.
	return range == 'dash' and '–' or mtext['txt-or']
end

local function makeText(values, components, names, options, noUpper)
	-- Return wikitext representing an age or duration.
	local text = Collection.new()
	local count = #values
	local sep = names.sep or ''
	for i, v in ipairs(values) do
		-- v is a number (say 4 for 4 years), or a table ({4,5} for 4 or 5 years).
		local islist = type(v) == 'table'
		if (islist or v &gt; 0) or (text.n == 0 and i == count) or (text.n &gt; 0 and components.keepZero) then
			local fmt, vstr
			if options.spell then
				fmt = function(number)
					return spellNumber(number, options.spell, noUpper or i)
				end
			elseif i == 1 and options.format == 'format_commas' then
				-- Numbers after the first should be small and not need formatting.
				fmt = formatNumber
			else
				fmt = tostring
			end
			if islist then
				vstr = fmt(v[1]) .. rangeJoin(options.range)
				noUpper = true
				vstr = vstr .. fmt(v[2])
			else
				vstr = fmt(v)
			end
			local name = names[components[i]]
			if name then
				local plural = names.plural
				if not plural or (islist and v[2] or v) == 1 then
					plural = ''
				end
				text:add(vstr .. sep .. name .. plural)
			else
				text:add(vstr)
			end
		end
	end
	local first, last
	if options.join == 'sep_space' then
		first = ' '
		last = ' '
	elseif options.join == 'sep_comma' then
		first = ', '
		last = ', '
	elseif options.join == 'sep_serialcomma' and text.n &gt; 2 then
		first = ', '
		last = mtext['txt-comma-and']
	else
		first = ', '
		last = mtext['txt-and']
	end
	for i, v in ipairs(text) do
		if i &lt; text.n then
			text[i] = v .. (i + 1 &lt; text.n and first or last)
		end
	end
	local sign = ''
	if options.isnegative then
		-- Do not display negative zero.
		if text.n &gt; 1 or (text.n == 1 and text[1]:sub(1, 1) ~= '0' ) then
			if options.format == 'format_raw' then
				sign = '-'  -- plain hyphen so result can be used in a calculation
			else
				sign = '−'  -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN
			end
		end
	end
	return
		(options.sortKey or '') ..
		(options.extra or '') ..
		sign ..
		text:join() ..
		(options.suffix or '')
end

local function dateDifference(parms)
	-- Return a formatted date difference using the given parameters
	-- which have been validated.
	local names = {
		abbr_off = {
			plural = 's',
			sep = '&amp;nbsp;',
			y = 'year',
			m = 'month',
			w = 'week',
			d = 'day',
			H = 'hour',
			M = 'minute',
			S = 'second',
		},
		abbr_on = {
			y = 'y',
			m = 'm',
			w = 'w',
			d = 'd',
			H = 'h',
			M = 'm',
			S = 's',
		},
		abbr_infant = {      -- for {{age for infant}}
			plural = 's',
			sep = '&amp;nbsp;',
			y = 'yr',
			m = 'mo',
			w = 'wk',
			d = 'day',
			H = 'hr',
			M = 'min',
			S = 'sec',
		},
		abbr_raw = {},
	}
	local diff = parms.diff  -- must be a valid date difference
	local show = parms.show  -- may be nil; default is set below
	local abbr = parms.abbr or 'abbr_off'
	local defaultJoin
	if abbr ~= 'abbr_off' then
		defaultJoin = 'sep_space'
	end
	if not show then
		show = 'ymd'
		if parms.disp == 'disp_age' then
			if diff.years &lt; 3 then
				defaultJoin = 'sep_space'
				if diff.years &gt;= 1 then
					show = 'ym'
				else
					show = 'md'
				end
			else
				show = 'y'
			end
		end
	end
	if type(show) ~= 'table' then
		show = translateParameters.show[show]
	end
	if parms.disp == 'disp_raw' then
		defaultJoin = 'sep_space'
		abbr = 'abbr_raw'
	elseif parms.wantSc then
		defaultJoin = 'sep_serialcomma'
	end
	local diffOptions = {
		round = parms.round,
		duration = parms.wantDuration,
		range = parms.range and true or nil,
	}
	local sortKey
	if parms.sortable then
		local value = diff.age_days + (parms.wantDuration and 1 or 0)  -- days and fraction of a day
		if diff.isnegative then
			value = -value
		end
		sortKey = makeSort(value, parms.sortable)
	end
	local textOptions = {
		extra = parms.extra,
		format = parms.format,
		join = parms.sep or defaultJoin,
		isnegative = diff.isnegative,
		range = parms.range,
		sortKey = sortKey,
		spell = parms.spell,
		suffix = parms.suffix,  -- not currently used
	}
	if show.id == 'hide' then
		return sortKey or ''
	end
	local values = { diff:age(show.id, diffOptions) }
	if values[1] then
		return makeText(values, show, names[abbr], textOptions)
	end
	if diff.partial then
		-- Handle a more complex range such as
		-- {{age_yd|20 Dec 2001|2003|range=yes}} → 1 year, 12 days or 2 years, 11 days
		local opt = {
			format = textOptions.format,
			join = textOptions.join,
			isnegative = textOptions.isnegative,
			spell = textOptions.spell,
		}
		return
			(textOptions.sortKey or '') ..
			makeText({ diff.partial.mindiff:age(show.id, diffOptions) }, show, names[abbr], opt) ..
			rangeJoin(textOptions.range) ..
			makeText({ diff.partial.maxdiff:age(show.id, diffOptions) }, show, names[abbr], opt, true) ..
			(textOptions.suffix or '')
	end
	return message({ 'mt-bad-show', show.id })
end

local function getDates(frame, getopt)
	-- Parse template parameters and return one of:
	-- * date         (a date table, if single)
	-- * date1, date2 (two date tables, if not single)
	-- * text         (a string error message)
	-- A missing date is optionally replaced with the current date.
	-- If wantMixture is true, a missing date component is replaced
	-- from the current date, so can get a bizarre mixture of
	-- specified/current y/m/d as has been done by some &quot;age&quot; templates.
	-- Some results may be placed in table getopt.
	local Date, currentDate = getExports(frame)
	getopt = getopt or {}
	local function flagCurrent(text)
		-- This allows the calling template to detect if the current date has been used,
		-- that is, whether both dates have been entered in a template expecting two.
		-- For example, an infobox may want the age when an event occurred, not the current age.
		-- Don't bother detecting if wantMixture is used because not needed and it is a poor option.
		if not text then
			if getopt.noMissing then
				return nil  -- this gives a nil date which gives an error
			end
			text = 'currentdate'
			if getopt.flag == 'usesCurrent' then
				getopt.usesCurrent = true
			end
		end
		return text
	end
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local fields = {}
	local isNamed = args.year or args.year1 or args.year2 or
		args.month or args.month1 or args.month2 or
		args.day or args.day1 or args.day2
	if isNamed then
		fields[1] = args.year1 or args.year
		fields[2] = args.month1 or args.month
		fields[3] = args.day1 or args.day
		fields[4] = args.year2
		fields[5] = args.month2
		fields[6] = args.day2
	else
		for i = 1, 6 do
			fields[i] = args[i]
		end
	end
	local imax = 0
	for i = 1, 6 do
		fields[i] = stripToNil(fields[i])
		if fields[i] then
			imax = i
		end
		if getopt.omitZero and i % 3 ~= 1 then  -- omit zero months and days as unknown values but keep year 0 which is 1 BCE
			if isZero(fields[i]) then
				fields[i] = nil
				getopt.partial = true
			end
		end
	end
	local fix = getopt.fix and 'fix' or ''
	local partialText = getopt.partial and 'partial' or ''
	local dates = {}
	if isNamed or imax &gt;= 3 then
		local nrDates = getopt.single and 1 or 2
		if getopt.wantMixture then
			-- Cannot be partial since empty fields are set from current.
			local components = { 'year', 'month', 'day' }
			for i = 1, nrDates * 3 do
				fields[i] = fields[i] or currentDate[components[i &gt; 3 and i - 3 or i]]
			end
			for i = 1, nrDates do
				local index = i == 1 and 1 or 4
				local y, m, d = fields[index], fields[index+1], fields[index+2]
				if (m == 2 or m == '2') and (d == 29 or d == '29') then
					-- Workaround error with following which attempt to use invalid date 2001-02-29.
					-- {{age_ymwd|year1=2001|year2=2004|month2=2|day2=29}}
					-- {{age_ymwd|year1=2001|month1=2|year2=2004|month2=1|day2=29}}
					-- TODO Get rid of wantMixture because even this ugly code does not handle
					-- 'Feb' or 'February' or 'feb' or 'february'.
					if not ((y % 4 == 0 and y % 100 ~= 0) or y % 400 == 0) then
						d = 28
					end
				end
				dates[i] = Date(y, m, d)
			end
		else
			-- If partial dates are allowed, accept
			--     year only, or
			--     year and month only
			-- Do not accept year and day without a month because that makes no sense
			-- (and because, for example, Date('partial', 2001, nil, 12) sets day = nil, not 12).
			for i = 1, nrDates do
				local index = i == 1 and 1 or 4
				local y, m, d = fields[index], fields[index+1], fields[index+2]
				if (getopt.partial and y and (m or not d)) or (y and m and d) then
					dates[i] = Date(fix, partialText, y, m, d)
				elseif not y and not m and not d then
					dates[i] = Date(flagCurrent())
				end
			end
		end
	else
		getopt.textdates = true  -- have parsed each date from a single text field
		dates[1] = Date(fix, partialText, flagCurrent(fields[1]))
		if not getopt.single then
			dates[2] = Date(fix, partialText, flagCurrent(fields[2]))
		end
	end
	if not dates[1] then
		return message(getopt.missing1 or 'mt-need-valid-ymd')
	end
	if getopt.single then
		return dates[1]
	end
	if not dates[2] then
		return message(getopt.missing2 or 'mt-need-valid-ymd2')
	end
	return dates[1], dates[2]
end

local function ageGeneric(frame)
	-- Return the result required by the specified template.
	-- Can use sortable=x where x = on/table/off/debug in any supported template.
	-- Some templates default to sortable=on but can be overridden.
	local name = frame.args.template
	if not name then
		return message('mt-template-x')
	end
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local specs = {
		age_days = {                -- {{age in days}}
			show = 'd',
			disp = 'disp_raw',
		},
		age_days_nts = {            -- {{age in days nts}}
			show = 'd',
			disp = 'disp_raw',
			format = 'format_commas',
			sortable = 'on',
		},
		duration_days = {           -- {{duration in days}}
			show = 'd',
			disp = 'disp_raw',
			duration = true,
		},
		duration_days_nts = {       -- {{duration in days nts}}
			show = 'd',
			disp = 'disp_raw',
			format = 'format_commas',
			sortable = 'on',
			duration = true,
		},
		age_full_years = {          -- {{age}}
			show = 'y',
			abbr = 'abbr_raw',
			flag = 'usesCurrent',
			omitZero = true,
			range = 'no',
		},
		age_full_years_nts = {      -- {{age nts}}
			show = 'y',
			abbr = 'abbr_raw',
			format = 'format_commas',
			sortable = 'on',
		},
		age_in_years = {            -- {{age in years}}
			show = 'y',
			abbr = 'abbr_raw',
			negative = 'error',
			range = 'dash',
		},
		age_in_years_nts = {        -- {{age in years nts}}
			show = 'y',
			abbr = 'abbr_raw',
			negative = 'error',
			range = 'dash',
			format = 'format_commas',
			sortable = 'on',
		},
		age_infant = {              -- {{age for infant}}
			-- Do not set show because special processing is done later.
			abbr = yes(args.abbr) and 'abbr_infant' or 'abbr_off',
			disp = 'disp_age',
			sep = 'sep_space',
			sortable = 'on',
		},
		age_m = {                   -- {{age in months}}
			show = 'm',
			disp = 'disp_raw',
		},
		age_w = {                   -- {{age in weeks}}
			show = 'w',
			disp = 'disp_raw',
		},
		age_wd = {                  -- {{age in weeks and days}}
			show = 'wd',
		},
		age_yd = {                  -- {{age in years and days}}
			show = 'yd',
			format = 'format_commas',
			sep = args.sep ~= 'and' and 'sep_comma' or nil,
		},
		age_yd_nts = {              -- {{age in years and days nts}}
			show = 'yd',
			format = 'format_commas',
			sep = args.sep ~= 'and' and 'sep_comma' or nil,
			sortable = 'on',
		},
		age_ym = {                  -- {{age in years and months}}
			show = 'ym',
			sep = 'sep_comma',
		},
		age_ymd = {                 -- {{age in years, months and days}}
			show = 'ymd',
			range = true,
		},
		age_ymwd = {                -- {{age in years, months, weeks and days}}
			show = 'ymwd',
			wantMixture = true,
		},
	}
	local spec = specs[name]
	if not spec then
		return message('mt-template-bad-name')
	end
	if name == 'age_days' then
		local su = stripToNil(args['show unit'])
		if su then
			if su == 'abbr' or su == 'full' then
				spec.disp = nil
				spec.abbr = su == 'abbr' and 'abbr_on' or nil
			end
		end
	end
	local partial, autofill
	local range = stripToNil(args.range) or spec.range
	if range then
		-- Suppose partial dates are used and age could be 11 or 12 years.
		-- &quot;|range=&quot; (empty value) has no effect (spec is used).
		-- &quot;|range=yes&quot; or spec.range == true sets range = true (gives &quot;11 or 12&quot;)
		-- &quot;|range=dash&quot; or spec.range == 'dash' sets range = 'dash' (gives &quot;11–12&quot;).
		-- &quot;|range=no&quot; or spec.range == 'no' sets range = nil and fills each date in the diff (gives &quot;12&quot;).
		--     (&quot;on&quot; is equivalent to &quot;yes&quot;, and &quot;off&quot; is equivalent to &quot;no&quot;).
		-- &quot;|range=OTHER&quot; sets range = nil and rejects partial dates.
		range = ({ dash = 'dash', off = 'no', no = 'no', [true] = true })[range] or yes(range)
		if range then
			partial = true  -- accept partial dates with a possible age range for the result
			if range == 'no' then
				autofill = true  -- missing month/day in first or second date are filled from other date or 1
				range = nil
			end
		end
	end
	local getopt = {
		fix = yes(args.fix),
		flag = stripToNil(args.flag) or spec.flag,
		omitZero = spec.omitZero,
		partial = partial,
		wantMixture = spec.wantMixture,
	}
	local date1, date2 = getDates(frame, getopt)
	if type(date1) == 'string' then
		return date1
	end
	local format = stripToNil(args.format)
	local spell = spellOptions[format]
	if format then
		format = 'format_' .. format
	elseif name == 'age_days' and getopt.textdates then
		format = 'format_commas'
	end
	local parms = {
		diff = date2:subtract(date1, { fill = autofill }),
		wantDuration = spec.duration or yes(args.duration),
		range = range,
		wantSc = yes(args.sc),
		show = args.show == 'hide' and 'hide' or spec.show,
		abbr = spec.abbr,
		disp = spec.disp,
		extra = makeExtra(args, getopt.usesCurrent and format ~= 'format_raw'),
		format = format or spec.format,
		round = yes(args.round),
		sep = spec.sep,
		sortable = translateParameters.sortable[args.sortable or spec.sortable],
		spell = spell,
	}
	if (spec.negative or frame.args.negative) == 'error' and parms.diff.isnegative then
		return message('mt-date-wrong-order')
	end
	return from_en(dateDifference(parms))
end

local function bda(frame)
	-- Implement [[Template:Birth date and age]].
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local options = {
		missing1 = 'mt-need-valid-bd',
		noMissing = true,
		single = true,
	}
	local date = getDates(frame, options)
	if type(date) == 'string' then
		return date  -- error text
	end
	local Date = getExports(frame)
	local diff = Date('currentdate') - date
	if diff.isnegative or diff.years &gt; 150 then
		return message('mt-invalid-bd-age')
	end
	local disp, show = 'disp_raw', 'y'
	if diff.years &lt; 2 then
		disp = 'disp_age'
		if diff.years == 0 and diff.months == 0 then
			show = 'd'
		else
			show = 'm'
		end
	end
	local df = stripToNil(args.df)  -- day first (dmy); default is month first (mdy)
	local result = '(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;%-Y-%m-%d&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;' ..
					(df and '%-d %B %-Y' or '%B %-d, %-Y')
	result = from_en('&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; ' ..
		date:text(result) ..
		'&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; ' ..
		mtext['txt-age'] ..
		dateDifference({
			diff = diff,
			show = show,
			abbr = 'abbr_off',
			disp = disp,
			sep = 'sep_space',
		}) ..
		')&lt;/span&gt;')
	local warnings = tonumber(frame.args.warnings)
	if warnings and warnings &gt; 0 then
		local good = {
			df = true,
			mf = true,
			day = true,
			day1 = true,
			month = true,
			month1 = true,
			year = true,
			year1 = true,
		}
		local invalid
		local imax = options.textdates and 1 or 3
		for k, _ in pairs(args) do
			if type(k) == 'number' then
				if k &gt; imax then
					invalid = tostring(k)
					break
				end
			else
				if not good[k] then
					invalid = k
					break
				end
			end
		end
		if invalid then
			result = result .. message({ 'mt-bad-param1', invalid }, 'warning')
		end
	end
	return result
end

local function dda(frame)
	-- Implement [[Template:Death date and age]].
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local options = {
		missing1 = 'mt-need-valid-dd',
		missing2 = 'mt-need-valid-bd2',
		noMissing = true,
		partial = true,
	}
	local date1, date2 = getDates(frame, options)
	if type(date1) == 'string' then
		return date1
	end
	local diff = date1 - date2
	if diff.isnegative then
		return message('mt-dd-wrong-order')
	end
	local Date = getExports(frame)
	local today = Date('currentdate') + 1  -- one day in future allows for timezones
	if date1 &gt; today then
		return message('mt-dd-future')
	end
	local years
	if diff.partial then
		years = diff.partial.years
		years = type(years) == 'table' and years[2] or years
	else
		years = diff.years
	end
	if years &gt; 150 then
		return message('mt-invalid-dates-age')
	end
	local df = stripToNil(args.df)  -- day first (dmy); default is month first (mdy)
	local result
	if date1.day then  -- y, m, d known
		result = (df and
			'%-d %B %-Y' or
			'%B %-d, %-Y') ..
			'&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(%-Y-%m-%d)&lt;/span&gt;'
	elseif date1.month then  -- y, m known; d unknown
		result =
			'%B %-Y' ..
			'&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(%-Y-%m-00)&lt;/span&gt;'
	else  -- y known; m, d unknown
		result =
			'%-Y' ..
			'&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(%-Y-00-00)&lt;/span&gt;'
	end
	result = from_en(date1:text(result) ..
		mtext['txt-aged'] ..
		dateDifference({
			diff = diff,
			show = 'y',
			abbr = 'abbr_off',
			disp = 'disp_raw',
			range = 'dash',
			sep = 'sep_space',
		}) ..
		')')
	local warnings = tonumber(frame.args.warnings)
	if warnings and warnings &gt; 0 then
		local good = {
			df = true,
			mf = true,
		}
		local invalid
		local imax = options.textdates and 2 or 6
		for k, _ in pairs(args) do
			if type(k) == 'number' then
				if k &gt; imax then
					invalid = tostring(k)
					break
				end
			else
				if not good[k] then
					invalid = k
					break
				end
			end
		end
		if invalid then
			result = result .. message({ 'mt-bad-param1', invalid }, 'warning')
		end
	end
	return result
end

local function dateToGsd(frame)
	-- Implement [[Template:Gregorian serial date]].
	-- Return Gregorian serial date of the given date, or the current date.
	-- The returned value is negative for dates before 1 January 1 AD
	-- despite the fact that GSD is not defined for such dates.
	local date = getDates(frame, { wantMixture=true, single=true })
	if type(date) == 'string' then
		return date
	end
	return tostring(date.gsd)
end

local function jdToDate(frame)
	-- Return formatted date from a Julian date.
	-- The result includes a time if the input includes a fraction.
	-- The word 'Julian' is accepted for the Julian calendar.
	local Date = getExports(frame)
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local date = Date('juliandate', args[1], args[2])
	if date then
		return from_en(date:text())
	end
	return message('mt-need-jdn')
end

local function dateToJd(frame)
	-- Return Julian date (a number) from a date which may include a time,
	-- or the current date ('currentdate') or current date and time ('currentdatetime').
	-- The word 'Julian' is accepted for the Julian calendar.
	local Date = getExports(frame)
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local date = Date(args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5], args[6], args[7])
	if date then
		return tostring(date.jd)
	end
	return message('mt-need-valid-ymd-current')
end

local function timeInterval(frame)
	-- Implement [[Template:Time interval]].
	-- There are two positional arguments: date1, date2.
	-- The default for each is the current date and time.
	-- Result is date2 - date1 formatted.
	local Date = getExports(frame)
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local parms = {
		extra = makeExtra(args),
		wantDuration = yes(args.duration),
		range = yes(args.range) or (args.range == 'dash' and 'dash' or nil),
		wantSc = yes(args.sc),
	}
	local fix = yes(args.fix) and 'fix' or ''
	local date1 = Date(fix, 'partial', stripToNil(args[1]) or 'currentdatetime')
	if not date1 then
		return message('mt-invalid-start')
	end
	local date2 = Date(fix, 'partial', stripToNil(args[2]) or 'currentdatetime')
	if not date2 then
		return message('mt-invalid-end')
	end
	parms.diff = date2 - date1
	for argname, translate in pairs(translateParameters) do
		local parm = stripToNil(args[argname])
		if parm then
			parm = translate[parm]
			if parm == nil then  -- test for nil because false is a valid setting
				return message({ 'mt-bad-param2', argname, args[argname] })
			end
			parms[argname] = parm
		end
	end
	if parms.round then
		local round = parms.round
		local show = parms.show
		if round ~= 'on' then
			if show then
				if show.id ~= round then
					return message({ 'mt-conflicting-show', args.show, args.round })
				end
			else
				parms.show = translateParameters.show[round]
			end
		end
		parms.round = true
	end
	return from_en(dateDifference(parms))
end

return {
	age_generic = ageGeneric,           -- can emulate several age templates
	birth_date_and_age = bda,           -- Template:Birth_date_and_age
	death_date_and_age = dda,           -- Template:Death_date_and_age
	gsd = dateToGsd,                    -- Template:Gregorian_serial_date
	extract = dateExtract,              -- Template:Extract
	jd_to_date = jdToDate,              -- Template:?
	JULIANDAY = dateToJd,               -- Template:JULIANDAY
	time_interval = timeInterval,       -- Template:Time_interval
}</text>
      <sha1>mb15rzxmhuq9xajf31lr7tqspfn2vcp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Date</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39905</id>
      <parentid>35443</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-18T05:06:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Krinkle</username>
        <id>1168</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Maintenance: Fix cache problem by removing unneeded os.date() wrapper. This is based on [[w:Special:Diff/1338920564]] from [[w:Module:Date]], and is applied separately because this local version has diverged and could not be updated via [[mw:Synchronizer]].</comment>
      <origin>39905</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="47978" sha1="pos8xxwnwrrsc6a5m7fruvq629j035f" xml:space="preserve">-- Date functions for use by other modules.
-- I18N and time zones are not supported.

local MINUS = '−'  -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN
local floor = math.floor

local Date, DateDiff, diffmt  -- forward declarations
local uniq = { 'unique identifier' }

local function is_date(t)
	-- The system used to make a date read-only means there is no unique
	-- metatable that is conveniently accessible to check.
	return type(t) == 'table' and t._id == uniq
end

local function is_diff(t)
	return type(t) == 'table' and getmetatable(t) == diffmt
end

local function _list_join(list, sep)
	return table.concat(list, sep)
end

local function collection()
	-- Return a table to hold items.
	return {
		n = 0,
		add = function (self, item)
			self.n = self.n + 1
			self[self.n] = item
		end,
		join = _list_join,
	}
end

local function strip_to_nil(text)
	-- If text is a string, return its trimmed content, or nil if empty.
	-- Otherwise return text (convenient when Date fields are provided from
	-- another module which may pass a string, a number, or another type).
	if type(text) == 'string' then
		text = text:match('(%S.-)%s*$')
	end
	return text
end

local function is_leap_year(year, calname)
	-- Return true if year is a leap year.
	if calname == 'Julian' then
		return year % 4 == 0
	end
	return (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 ~= 0) or year % 400 == 0
end

local function days_in_month(year, month, calname)
	-- Return number of days (1..31) in given month (1..12).
	if month == 2 and is_leap_year(year, calname) then
		return 29
	end
	return ({ 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 })[month]
end

local function h_m_s(time)
	-- Return hour, minute, second extracted from fraction of a day.
	time = floor(time * 24 * 3600 + 0.5)  -- number of seconds
	local second = time % 60
	time = floor(time / 60)
	return floor(time / 60), time % 60, second
end

local function hms(date)
	-- Return fraction of a day from date's time, where (0 &lt;= fraction &lt; 1)
	-- if the values are valid, but could be anything if outside range.
	return (date.hour + (date.minute + date.second / 60) / 60) / 24
end

local function julian_date(date)
	-- Return jd, jdz from a Julian or Gregorian calendar date where
	--   jd = Julian date and its fractional part is zero at noon
	--   jdz = same, but assume time is 00:00:00 if no time given
	-- http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/julperiod.php#formula
	-- Testing shows this works for all dates from year -9999 to 9999!
	-- JDN 0 is the 24-hour period starting at noon UTC on Monday
	--    1 January 4713 BC  = (-4712, 1, 1)   Julian calendar
	--   24 November 4714 BC = (-4713, 11, 24) Gregorian calendar
	local offset
	local a = floor((14 - date.month)/12)
	local y = date.year + 4800 - a
	if date.calendar == 'Julian' then
		offset = floor(y/4) - 32083
	else
		offset = floor(y/4) - floor(y/100) + floor(y/400) - 32045
	end
	local m = date.month + 12*a - 3
	local jd = date.day + floor((153*m + 2)/5) + 365*y + offset
	if date.hastime then
		jd = jd + hms(date) - 0.5
		return jd, jd
	end
	return jd, jd - 0.5
end

local function set_date_from_jd(date)
	-- Set the fields of table date from its Julian date field.
	-- Return true if date is valid.
	-- http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/julperiod.php#formula
	-- This handles the proleptic Julian and Gregorian calendars.
	-- Negative Julian dates are not defined but they work.
	local calname = date.calendar
	local low, high  -- min/max limits for date ranges −9999-01-01 to 9999-12-31
	if calname == 'Gregorian' then
		low, high = -1930999.5, 5373484.49999
	elseif calname == 'Julian' then
		low, high = -1931076.5, 5373557.49999
	else
		return
	end
	local jd = date.jd
	if not (type(jd) == 'number' and low &lt;= jd and jd &lt;= high) then
		return
	end
	local jdn = floor(jd)
	if date.hastime then
		local time = jd - jdn  -- 0 &lt;= time &lt; 1
		if time &gt;= 0.5 then    -- if at or after midnight of next day
			jdn = jdn + 1
			time = time - 0.5
		else
			time = time + 0.5
		end
		date.hour, date.minute, date.second = h_m_s(time)
	else
		date.second = 0
		date.minute = 0
		date.hour = 0
	end
	local b, c
	if calname == 'Julian' then
		b = 0
		c = jdn + 32082
	else  -- Gregorian
		local a = jdn + 32044
		b = floor((4*a + 3)/146097)
		c = a - floor(146097*b/4)
	end
	local d = floor((4*c + 3)/1461)
	local e = c - floor(1461*d/4)
	local m = floor((5*e + 2)/153)
	date.day = e - floor((153*m + 2)/5) + 1
	date.month = m + 3 - 12*floor(m/10)
	date.year = 100*b + d - 4800 + floor(m/10)
	return true
end

local function fix_numbers(numbers, y, m, d, H, M, S, partial, hastime, calendar)
	-- Put the result of normalizing the given values in table numbers.
	-- The result will have valid m, d values if y is valid; caller checks y.
	-- The logic of PHP mktime is followed where m or d can be zero to mean
	-- the previous unit, and -1 is the one before that, etc.
	-- Positive values carry forward.
	local date
	if not (1 &lt;= m and m &lt;= 12) then
		date = Date(y, 1, 1)
		if not date then return end
		date = date + ((m - 1) .. 'm')
		y, m = date.year, date.month
	end
	local days_hms
	if not partial then
		if hastime and H and M and S then
			if not (0 &lt;= H and H &lt;= 23 and
					0 &lt;= M and M &lt;= 59 and
					0 &lt;= S and S &lt;= 59) then
				days_hms = hms({ hour = H, minute = M, second = S })
			end
		end
		if days_hms or not (1 &lt;= d and d &lt;= days_in_month(y, m, calendar)) then
			date = date or Date(y, m, 1)
			if not date then return end
			date = date + (d - 1 + (days_hms or 0))
			y, m, d = date.year, date.month, date.day
			if days_hms then
				H, M, S = date.hour, date.minute, date.second
			end
		end
	end
	numbers.year = y
	numbers.month = m
	numbers.day = d
	if days_hms then
		-- Don't set H unless it was valid because a valid H will set hastime.
		numbers.hour = H
		numbers.minute = M
		numbers.second = S
	end
end

local function set_date_from_numbers(date, numbers, options)
	-- Set the fields of table date from numeric values.
	-- Return true if date is valid.
	if type(numbers) ~= 'table' then
		return
	end
	local y = numbers.year   or date.year
	local m = numbers.month  or date.month
	local d = numbers.day    or date.day
	local H = numbers.hour
	local M = numbers.minute or date.minute or 0
	local S = numbers.second or date.second or 0
	local need_fix
	if y and m and d then
		date.partial = nil
		if not (-9999 &lt;= y and y &lt;= 9999 and
			1 &lt;= m and m &lt;= 12 and
			1 &lt;= d and d &lt;= days_in_month(y, m, date.calendar)) then
				if not date.want_fix then
					return
				end
				need_fix = true
		end
	elseif y and date.partial then
		if d or not (-9999 &lt;= y and y &lt;= 9999) then
			return
		end
		if m and not (1 &lt;= m and m &lt;= 12) then
			if not date.want_fix then
				return
			end
			need_fix = true
		end
	else
		return
	end
	if date.partial then
		H = nil  -- ignore any time
		M = nil
		S = nil
	else
		if H then
			-- It is not possible to set M or S without also setting H.
			date.hastime = true
		else
			H = 0
		end
		if not (0 &lt;= H and H &lt;= 23 and
				0 &lt;= M and M &lt;= 59 and
				0 &lt;= S and S &lt;= 59) then
			if date.want_fix then
				need_fix = true
			else
				return
			end
		end
	end
	date.want_fix = nil
	if need_fix then
		fix_numbers(numbers, y, m, d, H, M, S, date.partial, date.hastime, date.calendar)
		return set_date_from_numbers(date, numbers, options)
	end
	date.year = y    -- -9999 to 9999 ('n BC' → year = 1 - n)
	date.month = m   -- 1 to 12 (may be nil if partial)
	date.day = d     -- 1 to 31 (* = nil if partial)
	date.hour = H    -- 0 to 59 (*)
	date.minute = M  -- 0 to 59 (*)
	date.second = S  -- 0 to 59 (*)
	if type(options) == 'table' then
		for _, k in ipairs({ 'am', 'era', 'format' }) do
			if options[k] then
				date.options[k] = options[k]
			end
		end
	end
	return true
end

local function make_option_table(options1, options2)
	-- If options1 is a string, return a table with its settings, or
	-- if it is a table, use its settings.
	-- Missing options are set from table options2 or defaults.
	-- If a default is used, a flag is set so caller knows the value was not intentionally set.
	-- Valid option settings are:
	-- am: 'am', 'a.m.', 'AM', 'A.M.'
	--     'pm', 'p.m.', 'PM', 'P.M.' (each has same meaning as corresponding item above)
	-- era: 'BCMINUS', 'BCNEGATIVE', 'BC', 'B.C.', 'BCE', 'B.C.E.', 'AD', 'A.D.', 'CE', 'C.E.'
	-- Option am = 'am' does not mean the hour is AM; it means 'am' or 'pm' is used, depending on the hour,
	--    and am = 'pm' has the same meaning.
	-- Similarly, era = 'BC' means 'BC' is used if year &lt;= 0.
	-- BCMINUS displays a MINUS if year &lt; 0 and the display format does not include %{era}.
	-- BCNEGATIVE is similar but displays a hyphen.
	local result = { bydefault = {} }
	if type(options1) == 'table' then
		result.am = options1.am
		result.era = options1.era
	elseif type(options1) == 'string' then
		-- Example: 'am:AM era:BC' or 'am=AM era=BC'.
		for item in options1:gmatch('%S+') do
			local lhs, rhs = item:match('^(%w+)[:=](.+)$')
			if lhs then
				result[lhs] = rhs
			end
		end
	end
	options2 = type(options2) == 'table' and options2 or {}
	local defaults = { am = 'am', era = 'BC' }
	for k, v in pairs(defaults) do
		if not result[k] then
			if options2[k] then
				result[k] = options2[k]
			else
				result[k] = v
				result.bydefault[k] = true
			end
		end
	end
	return result
end

local ampm_options = {
	-- lhs = input text accepted as an am/pm option
	-- rhs = code used internally
	['am']   = 'am',
	['AM']   = 'AM',
	['a.m.'] = 'a.m.',
	['A.M.'] = 'A.M.',
	['pm']   = 'am',  -- same as am
	['PM']   = 'AM',
	['p.m.'] = 'a.m.',
	['P.M.'] = 'A.M.',
}

local era_text = {
	-- Text for displaying an era with a positive year (after adjusting
	-- by replacing year with 1 - year if date.year &lt;= 0).
	-- options.era = { year&lt;=0 , year&gt;0 }
	['BCMINUS']    = { 'BC'    , ''    , isbc = true, sign = MINUS },
	['BCNEGATIVE'] = { 'BC'    , ''    , isbc = true, sign = '-'   },
	['BC']         = { 'BC'    , ''    , isbc = true },
	['B.C.']       = { 'B.C.'  , ''    , isbc = true },
	['BCE']        = { 'BCE'   , ''    , isbc = true },
	['B.C.E.']     = { 'B.C.E.', ''    , isbc = true },
	['AD']         = { 'BC'    , 'AD'   },
	['A.D.']       = { 'B.C.'  , 'A.D.' },
	['CE']         = { 'BCE'   , 'CE'   },
	['C.E.']       = { 'B.C.E.', 'C.E.' },
}

local function get_era_for_year(era, year)
	return (era_text[era] or era_text['BC'])[year &gt; 0 and 2 or 1] or ''
end

local function strftime(date, format, options)
	-- Return date formatted as a string using codes similar to those
	-- in the C strftime library function.
	local sformat = string.format
	local shortcuts = {
		['%c'] = '%-I:%M %p %-d %B %-Y %{era}',  -- date and time: 2:30 pm 1 April 2016
		['%x'] = '%-d %B %-Y %{era}',            -- date:          1 April 2016
		['%X'] = '%-I:%M %p',                    -- time:          2:30 pm
	}
	if shortcuts[format] then
		format = shortcuts[format]
	end
	local codes = {
		a = { field = 'dayabbr' },
		A = { field = 'dayname' },
		b = { field = 'monthabbr' },
		B = { field = 'monthname' },
		u = { fmt = '%d'  , field = 'dowiso' },
		w = { fmt = '%d'  , field = 'dow' },
		d = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'day' },
		m = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'month' },
		Y = { fmt = '%04d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'year' },
		H = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'hour' },
		M = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'minute' },
		S = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'second' },
		j = { fmt = '%03d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'dayofyear' },
		I = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'hour', special = 'hour12' },
		p = { field = 'hour', special = 'am' },
	}
	options = make_option_table(options, date.options)
	local amopt = options.am
	local eraopt = options.era
	local function replace_code(spaces, modifier, id)
		local code = codes[id]
		if code then
			local fmt = code.fmt
			if modifier == '-' and code.fmt2 then
				fmt = code.fmt2
			end
			local value = date[code.field]
			if not value then
				return nil  -- an undefined field in a partial date
			end
			local special = code.special
			if special then
				if special == 'hour12' then
					value = value % 12
					value = value == 0 and 12 or value
				elseif special == 'am' then
					local ap = ({
						['a.m.'] = { 'a.m.', 'p.m.' },
						['AM'] = { 'AM', 'PM' },
						['A.M.'] = { 'A.M.', 'P.M.' },
					})[ampm_options[amopt]] or { 'am', 'pm' }
					return (spaces == '' and '' or '&amp;nbsp;') .. (value &lt; 12 and ap[1] or ap[2])
				end
			end
			if code.field == 'year' then
				local sign = (era_text[eraopt] or {}).sign
				if not sign or format:find('%{era}', 1, true) then
					sign = ''
					if value &lt;= 0 then
						value = 1 - value
					end
				else
					if value &gt;= 0 then
						sign = ''
					else
						value = -value
					end
				end
				return spaces .. sign .. sformat(fmt, value)
			end
			return spaces .. (fmt and sformat(fmt, value) or value)
		end
	end
	local function replace_property(spaces, id)
		if id == 'era' then
			-- Special case so can use local era option.
			local result = get_era_for_year(eraopt, date.year)
			if result == '' then
				return ''
			end
			return (spaces == '' and '' or '&amp;nbsp;') .. result
		end
		local result = date[id]
		if type(result) == 'string' then
			return spaces .. result
		end
		if type(result) == 'number' then
			return  spaces .. tostring(result)
		end
		if type(result) == 'boolean' then
			return  spaces .. (result and '1' or '0')
		end
		-- This occurs if id is an undefined field in a partial date, or is the name of a function.
		return nil
	end
	local PERCENT = '\127PERCENT\127'
	return (format
		:gsub('%%%%', PERCENT)
		:gsub('(%s*)%%{(%w+)}', replace_property)
		:gsub('(%s*)%%(%-?)(%a)', replace_code)
		:gsub(PERCENT, '%%')
	)
end

local function _date_text(date, fmt, options)
	-- Return a formatted string representing the given date.
	if not is_date(date) then
		error('date:text: need a date (use &quot;date:text()&quot; with a colon)', 2)
	end
	if type(fmt) == 'string' and fmt:match('%S') then
		if fmt:find('%', 1, true) then
			return strftime(date, fmt, options)
		end
	elseif date.partial then
		fmt = date.month and 'my' or 'y'
	else
		fmt = 'dmy'
		if date.hastime then
			fmt = (date.second &gt; 0 and 'hms ' or 'hm ') .. fmt
		end
	end
	local function bad_format()
		-- For consistency with other format processing, return given format
		-- (or cleaned format if original was not a string) if invalid.
		return mw.text.nowiki(fmt)
	end
	if date.partial then
		-- Ignore days in standard formats like 'ymd'.
		if fmt == 'ym' or fmt == 'ymd' then
			fmt = date.month and '%Y-%m %{era}' or '%Y %{era}'
		elseif fmt == 'my' or fmt == 'dmy' or fmt == 'mdy' then
			fmt = date.month and '%B %-Y %{era}' or '%-Y %{era}'
		elseif fmt == 'y' then
			fmt = date.month and '%-Y %{era}' or '%-Y %{era}'
		else
			return bad_format()
		end
		return strftime(date, fmt, options)
	end
	local function hm_fmt()
		local plain = make_option_table(options, date.options).bydefault.am
		return plain and '%H:%M' or '%-I:%M %p'
	end
	local need_time = date.hastime
	local t = collection()
	for item in fmt:gmatch('%S+') do
		local f
		if item == 'hm' then
			f = hm_fmt()
			need_time = false
		elseif item == 'hms' then
			f = '%H:%M:%S'
			need_time = false
		elseif item == 'ymd' then
			f = '%Y-%m-%d %{era}'
		elseif item == 'mdy' then
			f = '%B %-d, %-Y %{era}'
		elseif item == 'dmy' then
			f = '%-d %B %-Y %{era}'
		else
			return bad_format()
		end
		t:add(f)
	end
	fmt = t:join(' ')
	if need_time then
		fmt = hm_fmt() .. ' ' .. fmt
	end
	return strftime(date, fmt, options)
end

local day_info = {
	-- 0=Sun to 6=Sat
	[0] = { 'Sun', 'Sunday' },
	{ 'Mon', 'Monday' },
	{ 'Tue', 'Tuesday' },
	{ 'Wed', 'Wednesday' },
	{ 'Thu', 'Thursday' },
	{ 'Fri', 'Friday' },
	{ 'Sat', 'Saturday' },
}

local month_info = {
	-- 1=Jan to 12=Dec
	{ 'Jan', 'January' },
	{ 'Feb', 'February' },
	{ 'Mar', 'March' },
	{ 'Apr', 'April' },
	{ 'May', 'May' },
	{ 'Jun', 'June' },
	{ 'Jul', 'July' },
	{ 'Aug', 'August' },
	{ 'Sep', 'September' },
	{ 'Oct', 'October' },
	{ 'Nov', 'November' },
	{ 'Dec', 'December' },
}

local function name_to_number(text, translate)
	if type(text) == 'string' then
		return translate[text:lower()]
	end
end

local function day_number(text)
	return name_to_number(text, {
		sun = 0, sunday = 0,
		mon = 1, monday = 1,
		tue = 2, tuesday = 2,
		wed = 3, wednesday = 3,
		thu = 4, thursday = 4,
		fri = 5, friday = 5,
		sat = 6, saturday = 6,
	})
end

local function month_number(text)
	return name_to_number(text, {
		jan = 1, january = 1,
		feb = 2, february = 2,
		mar = 3, march = 3,
		apr = 4, april = 4,
		may = 5,
		jun = 6, june = 6,
		jul = 7, july = 7,
		aug = 8, august = 8,
		sep = 9, september = 9, sept = 9,
		oct = 10, october = 10,
		nov = 11, november = 11,
		dec = 12, december = 12,
	})
end

local function _list_text(list, fmt)
	-- Return a list of formatted strings from a list of dates.
	if not type(list) == 'table' then
		error('date:list:text: need &quot;list:text()&quot; with a colon', 2)
	end
	local result = { join = _list_join }
	for i, date in ipairs(list) do
		result[i] = date:text(fmt)
	end
	return result
end

local function _date_list(date, spec)
	-- Return a possibly empty numbered table of dates meeting the specification.
	-- Dates in the list are in ascending order (oldest date first).
	-- The spec should be a string of form &quot;&lt;count&gt; &lt;day&gt; &lt;op&gt;&quot;
	-- where each item is optional and
	--   count = number of items wanted in list
	--   day = abbreviation or name such as Mon or Monday
	--   op = &gt;, &gt;=, &lt;, &lt;= (default is &gt; meaning after date)
	-- If no count is given, the list is for the specified days in date's month.
	-- The default day is date's day.
	-- The spec can also be a positive or negative number:
	--   -5 is equivalent to '5 &lt;'
	--   5  is equivalent to '5' which is '5 &gt;'
	if not is_date(date) then
		error('date:list: need a date (use &quot;date:list()&quot; with a colon)', 2)
	end
	local list = { text = _list_text }
	if date.partial then
		return list
	end
	local count, offset, operation
	local ops = {
		['&gt;='] = { before = false, include = true  },
		['&gt;']  = { before = false, include = false },
		['&lt;='] = { before = true , include = true  },
		['&lt;']  = { before = true , include = false },
	}
	if spec then
		if type(spec) == 'number' then
			count = floor(spec + 0.5)
			if count &lt; 0 then
				count = -count
				operation = ops['&lt;']
			end
		elseif type(spec) == 'string' then
			local num, day, op = spec:match('^%s*(%d*)%s*(%a*)%s*([&lt;&gt;=]*)%s*$')
			if not num then
				return list
			end
			if num ~= '' then
				count = tonumber(num)
			end
			if day ~= '' then
				local dow = day_number(day:gsub('[sS]$', ''))  -- accept plural days
				if not dow then
					return list
				end
				offset = dow - date.dow
			end
			operation = ops[op]
		else
			return list
		end
	end
	offset = offset or 0
	operation = operation or ops['&gt;']
	local datefrom, dayfirst, daylast
	if operation.before then
		if offset &gt; 0 or (offset == 0 and not operation.include) then
			offset = offset - 7
		end
		if count then
			if count &gt; 1 then
				offset = offset - 7*(count - 1)
			end
			datefrom = date + offset
		else
			daylast = date.day + offset
			dayfirst = daylast % 7
			if dayfirst == 0 then
				dayfirst = 7
			end
		end
	else
		if offset &lt; 0 or (offset == 0 and not operation.include) then
			offset = offset + 7
		end
		if count then
			datefrom = date + offset
		else
			dayfirst = date.day + offset
			daylast = date.monthdays
		end
	end
	if not count then
		if daylast &lt; dayfirst then
			return list
		end
		count = floor((daylast - dayfirst)/7) + 1
		datefrom = Date(date, {day = dayfirst})
	end
	for i = 1, count do
		if not datefrom then break end  -- exceeds date limits
		list[i] = datefrom
		datefrom = datefrom + 7
	end
	return list
end

-- Cache the current date/time (UTC).
--
-- Note that os.date() returns an empty object with optimized lazy getters for each field.
-- Avoid current.min or current.sec in articles! https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416616
--
-- Beware that while os.date() uses 'min' and 'sec', our Date() uses 'minute' and 'second'.
local current = os.date('!*t')

local function extract_date(newdate, text)
	-- Parse the date/time in text and return n, o where
	--   n = table of numbers with date/time fields
	--   o = table of options for AM/PM or AD/BC or format, if any
	-- or return nothing if date is known to be invalid.
	-- Caller determines if the values in n are valid.
	-- A year must be positive ('1' to '9999'); use 'BC' for BC.
	-- In a y-m-d string, the year must be four digits to avoid ambiguity
	-- ('0001' to '9999'). The only way to enter year &lt;= 0 is by specifying
	-- the date as three numeric parameters like ymd Date(-1, 1, 1).
	-- Dates of form d/m/y, m/d/y, y/m/d are rejected as potentially ambiguous.
	local date, options = {}, {}
	if text:sub(-1) == 'Z' then
		-- Extract date/time from a Wikidata timestamp.
		-- The year can be 1 to 16 digits but this module handles 1 to 4 digits only.
		-- Examples: '+2016-06-21T14:30:00Z', '-0000000180-00-00T00:00:00Z'.
		local sign, y, m, d, H, M, S = text:match('^([+%-])(%d+)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)T(%d%d):(%d%d):(%d%d)Z$')
		if sign then
			y = tonumber(y)
			if sign == '-' and y &gt; 0 then
				y = -y
			end
			if y &lt;= 0 then
				options.era = 'BCE'
			end
			date.year = y
			m = tonumber(m)
			d = tonumber(d)
			H = tonumber(H)
			M = tonumber(M)
			S = tonumber(S)
			if m == 0 then
				newdate.partial = true
				return date, options
			end
			date.month = m
			if d == 0 then
				newdate.partial = true
				return date, options
			end
			date.day = d
			if H &gt; 0 or M &gt; 0 or S &gt; 0 then
				date.hour = H
				date.minute = M
				date.second = S
			end
			return date, options
		end
		return
	end
	local function extract_ymd(item)
		-- Called when no day or month has been set.
		local y, m, d = item:match('^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%w+)%-(%d%d?)$')
		if y then
			if date.year then
				return
			end
			if m:match('^%d%d?$') then
				m = tonumber(m)
			else
				m = month_number(m)
			end
			if m then
				date.year = tonumber(y)
				date.month = m
				date.day = tonumber(d)
				return true
			end
		end
	end
	local function extract_day_or_year(item)
		-- Called when a day would be valid, or
		-- when a year would be valid if no year has been set and partial is set.
		local number, suffix = item:match('^(%d%d?%d?%d?)(.*)$')
		if number then
			local n = tonumber(number)
			if #number &lt;= 2 and n &lt;= 31 then
				suffix = suffix:lower()
				if suffix == '' or suffix == 'st' or suffix == 'nd' or suffix == 'rd' or suffix == 'th' then
					date.day = n
					return true
				end
			elseif suffix == '' and newdate.partial and not date.year then
				date.year = n
				return true
			end
		end
	end
	local function extract_month(item)
		-- A month must be given as a name or abbreviation; a number could be ambiguous.
		local m = month_number(item)
		if m then
			date.month = m
			return true
		end
	end
	local function extract_time(item)
		local h, m, s = item:match('^(%d%d?):(%d%d)(:?%d*)$')
		if date.hour or not h then
			return
		end
		if s ~= '' then
			s = s:match('^:(%d%d)$')
			if not s then
				return
			end
		end
		date.hour = tonumber(h)
		date.minute = tonumber(m)
		date.second = tonumber(s)  -- nil if empty string
		return true
	end
	local item_count = 0
	local index_time
	local function set_ampm(item)
		local H = date.hour
		if H and not options.am and index_time + 1 == item_count then
			options.am = ampm_options[item]  -- caller checked this is not nil
			if item:match('^[Aa]') then
				if not (1 &lt;= H and H &lt;= 12) then
					return
				end
				if H == 12 then
					date.hour = 0
				end
			else
				if not (1 &lt;= H and H &lt;= 23) then
					return
				end
				if H &lt;= 11 then
					date.hour = H + 12
				end
			end
			return true
		end
	end
	for item in text:gsub(',', ' '):gsub('&amp;nbsp;', ' '):gmatch('%S+') do
		item_count = item_count + 1
		if era_text[item] then
			-- Era is accepted in peculiar places.
			if options.era then
				return
			end
			options.era = item
		elseif ampm_options[item] then
			if not set_ampm(item) then
				return
			end
		elseif item:find(':', 1, true) then
			if not extract_time(item) then
				return
			end
			index_time = item_count
		elseif date.day and date.month then
			if date.year then
				return  -- should be nothing more so item is invalid
			end
			if not item:match('^(%d%d?%d?%d?)$') then
				return
			end
			date.year = tonumber(item)
		elseif date.day then
			if not extract_month(item) then
				return
			end
		elseif date.month then
			if not extract_day_or_year(item) then
				return
			end
		elseif extract_month(item) then
			options.format = 'mdy'
		elseif extract_ymd(item) then
			options.format = 'ymd'
		elseif extract_day_or_year(item) then
			if date.day then
				options.format = 'dmy'
			end
		else
			return
		end
	end
	if not date.year or date.year == 0 then
		return
	end
	local era = era_text[options.era]
	if era and era.isbc then
		date.year = 1 - date.year
	end
	return date, options
end

local function autofill(date1, date2)
	-- Fill any missing month or day in each date using the
	-- corresponding component from the other date, if present,
	-- or with 1 if both dates are missing the month or day.
	-- This gives a good result for calculating the difference
	-- between two partial dates when no range is wanted.
	-- Return filled date1, date2 (two full dates).
	local function filled(a, b)
		-- Return date a filled, if necessary, with month and/or day from date b.
		-- The filled day is truncated to fit the number of days in the month.
		local fillmonth, fillday
		if not a.month then
			fillmonth = b.month or 1
		end
		if not a.day then
			fillday = b.day or 1
		end
		if fillmonth or fillday then  -- need to create a new date
			a = Date(a, {
				month = fillmonth,
				day = math.min(fillday or a.day, days_in_month(a.year, fillmonth or a.month, a.calendar))
			})
		end
		return a
	end
	return filled(date1, date2), filled(date2, date1)
end

local function date_add_sub(lhs, rhs, is_sub)
	-- Return a new date from calculating (lhs + rhs) or (lhs - rhs),
	-- or return nothing if invalid.
	-- The result is nil if the calculated date exceeds allowable limits.
	-- Caller ensures that lhs is a date; its properties are copied for the new date.
	if lhs.partial then
		-- Adding to a partial is not supported.
		-- Can subtract a date or partial from a partial, but this is not called for that.
		return
	end
	local function is_prefix(text, word, minlen)
		local n = #text
		return (minlen or 1) &lt;= n and n &lt;= #word and text == word:sub(1, n)
	end
	local function do_days(n)
		local forcetime, jd
		if floor(n) == n then
			jd = lhs.jd
		else
			forcetime = not lhs.hastime
			jd = lhs.jdz
		end
		jd = jd + (is_sub and -n or n)
		if forcetime then
			jd = tostring(jd)
			if not jd:find('.', 1, true) then
				jd = jd .. '.0'
			end
		end
		return Date(lhs, 'juliandate', jd)
	end
	if type(rhs) == 'number' then
		-- Add/subtract days, including fractional days.
		return do_days(rhs)
	end
	if type(rhs) == 'string' then
		-- rhs is a single component like '26m' or '26 months' (with optional sign).
		-- Fractions like '3.25d' are accepted for the units which are handled as days.
		local sign, numstr, id = rhs:match('^%s*([+-]?)([%d%.]+)%s*(%a+)$')
		if sign then
			if sign == '-' then
				is_sub = not (is_sub and true or false)
			end
			local y, m, days
			local num = tonumber(numstr)
			if not num then
				return
			end
			id = id:lower()
			if is_prefix(id, 'years') then
				y = num
				m = 0
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'months') then
				y = floor(num / 12)
				m = num % 12
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'weeks') then
				days = num * 7
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'days') then
				days = num
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'hours') then
				days = num / 24
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'minutes', 3) then
				days = num / (24 * 60)
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'seconds') then
				days = num / (24 * 3600)
			else
				return
			end
			if days then
				return do_days(days)
			end
			if numstr:find('.', 1, true) then
				return
			end
			if is_sub then
				y = -y
				m = -m
			end
			assert(-11 &lt;= m and m &lt;= 11)
			y = lhs.year + y
			m = lhs.month + m
			if m &gt; 12 then
				y = y + 1
				m = m - 12
			elseif m &lt; 1 then
				y = y - 1
				m = m + 12
			end
			local d = math.min(lhs.day, days_in_month(y, m, lhs.calendar))
			return Date(lhs, y, m, d)
		end
	end
	if is_diff(rhs) then
		local days = rhs.age_days
		if (is_sub or false) ~= (rhs.isnegative or false) then
			days = -days
		end
		return lhs + days
	end
end

local full_date_only = {
	dayabbr = true,
	dayname = true,
	dow = true,
	dayofweek = true,
	dowiso = true,
	dayofweekiso = true,
	dayofyear = true,
	gsd = true,
	juliandate = true,
	jd = true,
	jdz = true,
	jdnoon = true,
}

-- Metatable for a date's calculated fields.
local datemt = {
	__index = function (self, key)
		if rawget(self, 'partial') then
			if full_date_only[key] then return end
			if key == 'monthabbr' or key == 'monthdays' or key == 'monthname' then
				if not self.month then return end
			end
		end
		local value
		if key == 'dayabbr' then
			value = day_info[self.dow][1]
		elseif key == 'dayname' then
			value = day_info[self.dow][2]
		elseif key == 'dow' then
			value = (self.jdnoon + 1) % 7  -- day-of-week 0=Sun to 6=Sat
		elseif key == 'dayofweek' then
			value = self.dow
		elseif key == 'dowiso' then
			value = (self.jdnoon % 7) + 1  -- ISO day-of-week 1=Mon to 7=Sun
		elseif key == 'dayofweekiso' then
			value = self.dowiso
		elseif key == 'dayofyear' then
			local first = Date(self.year, 1, 1, self.calendar).jdnoon
			value = self.jdnoon - first + 1  -- day-of-year 1 to 366
		elseif key == 'era' then
			-- Era text (never a negative sign) from year and options.
			value = get_era_for_year(self.options.era, self.year)
		elseif key == 'format' then
			value = self.options.format or 'dmy'
		elseif key == 'gsd' then
			-- GSD = 1 from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59 on 1 January 1 AD Gregorian calendar,
			-- which is from jd 1721425.5 to 1721426.49999.
			value = floor(self.jd - 1721424.5)
		elseif key == 'juliandate' or key == 'jd' or key == 'jdz' then
			local jd, jdz = julian_date(self)
			rawset(self, 'juliandate', jd)
			rawset(self, 'jd', jd)
			rawset(self, 'jdz', jdz)
			return key == 'jdz' and jdz or jd
		elseif key == 'jdnoon' then
			-- Julian date at noon (an integer) on the calendar day when jd occurs.
			value = floor(self.jd + 0.5)
		elseif key == 'isleapyear' then
			value = is_leap_year(self.year, self.calendar)
		elseif key == 'monthabbr' then
			value = month_info[self.month][1]
		elseif key == 'monthdays' then
			value = days_in_month(self.year, self.month, self.calendar)
		elseif key == 'monthname' then
			value = month_info[self.month][2]
		end
		if value ~= nil then
			rawset(self, key, value)
			return value
		end
	end,
}

-- Date operators.
local function mt_date_add(lhs, rhs)
	if not is_date(lhs) then
		lhs, rhs = rhs, lhs  -- put date on left (it must be a date for this to have been called)
	end
	return date_add_sub(lhs, rhs)
end

local function mt_date_sub(lhs, rhs)
	if is_date(lhs) then
		if is_date(rhs) then
			return DateDiff(lhs, rhs)
		end
		return date_add_sub(lhs, rhs, true)
	end
end

local function mt_date_concat(lhs, rhs)
	return tostring(lhs) .. tostring(rhs)
end

local function mt_date_tostring(self)
	return self:text()
end

local function mt_date_eq(lhs, rhs)
	-- Return true if dates identify same date/time where, for example,
	-- Date(-4712, 1, 1, 'Julian') == Date(-4713, 11, 24, 'Gregorian') is true.
	-- This is called only if lhs and rhs have the same type and the same metamethod.
	if lhs.partial or rhs.partial then
		-- One date is partial; the other is a partial or a full date.
		-- The months may both be nil, but must be the same.
		return lhs.year == rhs.year and lhs.month == rhs.month and lhs.calendar == rhs.calendar
	end
	return lhs.jdz == rhs.jdz
end

local function mt_date_lt(lhs, rhs)
	-- Return true if lhs &lt; rhs, for example,
	-- Date('1 Jan 2016') &lt; Date('06:00 1 Jan 2016') is true.
	-- This is called only if lhs and rhs have the same type and the same metamethod.
	if lhs.partial or rhs.partial then
		-- One date is partial; the other is a partial or a full date.
		if lhs.calendar ~= rhs.calendar then
			return lhs.calendar == 'Julian'
		end
		if lhs.partial then
			lhs = lhs.partial.first
		end
		if rhs.partial then
			rhs = rhs.partial.first
		end
	end
	return lhs.jdz &lt; rhs.jdz
end

--[[ Examples of syntax to construct a date:
Date(y, m, d, 'julian')             default calendar is 'gregorian'
Date(y, m, d, H, M, S, 'julian')
Date('juliandate', jd, 'julian')    if jd contains &quot;.&quot; text output includes H:M:S
Date('currentdate')
Date('currentdatetime')
Date('1 April 1995', 'julian')      parse date from text
Date('1 April 1995 AD', 'julian')   using an era sets a flag to do the same for output
Date('04:30:59 1 April 1995', 'julian')
Date(date)                          copy of an existing date
Date(date, t)                       same, updated with y,m,d,H,M,S fields from table t
Date(t)                       		date with y,m,d,H,M,S fields from table t
]]
function Date(...)  -- for forward declaration above
	-- Return a table holding a date assuming a uniform calendar always applies
	-- (proleptic Gregorian calendar or proleptic Julian calendar), or
	-- return nothing if date is invalid.
	-- A partial date has a valid year, however its month may be nil, and
	-- its day and time fields are nil.
	-- Field partial is set to false (if a full date) or a table (if a partial date).
	local calendars = { julian = 'Julian', gregorian = 'Gregorian' }
	local newdate = {
		_id = uniq,
		calendar = 'Gregorian',  -- default is Gregorian calendar
		hastime = false,  -- true if input sets a time
		hour = 0,  -- always set hour/minute/second so don't have to handle nil
		minute = 0,
		second = 0,
		options = {},
		list = _date_list,
		subtract = function (self, rhs, options)
			return DateDiff(self, rhs, options)
		end,
		text = _date_text,
	}
	local argtype, datetext, is_copy, jd_number, tnums
	local numindex = 0
	local numfields = { 'year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second' }
	local numbers = {}
	for _, v in ipairs({...}) do
		v = strip_to_nil(v)
		local vlower = type(v) == 'string' and v:lower() or nil
		if v == nil then
			-- Ignore empty arguments after stripping so modules can directly pass template parameters.
		elseif calendars[vlower] then
			newdate.calendar = calendars[vlower]
		elseif vlower == 'partial' then
			newdate.partial = true
		elseif vlower == 'fix' then
			newdate.want_fix = true
		elseif is_date(v) then
			-- Copy existing date (items can be overridden by other arguments).
			if is_copy or tnums then
				return
			end
			is_copy = true
			newdate.calendar = v.calendar
			newdate.partial = v.partial
			newdate.hastime = v.hastime
			newdate.options = v.options
			newdate.year = v.year
			newdate.month = v.month
			newdate.day = v.day
			newdate.hour = v.hour
			newdate.minute = v.minute
			newdate.second = v.second
		elseif type(v) == 'table' then
			if tnums then
				return
			end
			tnums = {}
			local tfields = { year=1, month=1, day=1, hour=2, minute=2, second=2 }
			for tk, tv in pairs(v) do
				if tfields[tk] then
					tnums[tk] = tonumber(tv)
				end
				if tfields[tk] == 2 then
					newdate.hastime = true
				end
			end
		else
			local num = tonumber(v)
			if not num and argtype == 'setdate' and numindex == 1 then
				num = month_number(v)
			end
			if num then
				if not argtype then
					argtype = 'setdate'
				end
				if argtype == 'setdate' and numindex &lt; 6 then
					numindex = numindex + 1
					numbers[numfields[numindex]] = num
				elseif argtype == 'juliandate' and not jd_number then
					jd_number = num
					if type(v) == 'string' then
						if v:find('.', 1, true) then
							newdate.hastime = true
						end
					elseif num ~= floor(num) then
						-- The given value was a number. The time will be used
						-- if the fractional part is nonzero.
						newdate.hastime = true
					end
				else
					return
				end
			elseif argtype then
				return
			elseif type(v) == 'string' then
				if v == 'currentdate' or v == 'currentdatetime' or v == 'juliandate' then
					argtype = v
				else
					argtype = 'datetext'
					datetext = v
				end
			else
				return
			end
		end
	end
	if argtype == 'datetext' then
		if tnums or not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, extract_date(newdate, datetext)) then
			return
		end
	elseif argtype == 'juliandate' then
		newdate.partial = nil
		newdate.jd = jd_number
		if not set_date_from_jd(newdate) then
			return
		end
	elseif argtype == 'currentdate' or argtype == 'currentdatetime' then
		newdate.partial = nil
		newdate.year = current.year
		newdate.month = current.month
		newdate.day = current.day
		if argtype == 'currentdatetime' then
			newdate.hour = current.hour
			newdate.minute = current.min
			newdate.second = current.sec
			newdate.hastime = true
		end
		newdate.calendar = 'Gregorian'  -- ignore any given calendar name
	elseif argtype == 'setdate' then
		if tnums or not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, numbers) then
			return
		end
	elseif not (is_copy or tnums) then
		return
	end
	if tnums then
		newdate.jd = nil  -- force recalculation in case jd was set before changes from tnums
		if not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, tnums) then
			return
		end
	end
	if newdate.partial then
		local year = newdate.year
		local month = newdate.month
		local first = Date(year, month or 1, 1, newdate.calendar)
		month = month or 12
		local last = Date(year, month, days_in_month(year, month), newdate.calendar)
		newdate.partial = { first = first, last = last }
	else
		newdate.partial = false  -- avoid index lookup
	end
	setmetatable(newdate, datemt)
	local readonly = {}
	local mt = {
		__index = newdate,
		__newindex = function(t, k, v) error('date.' .. tostring(k) .. ' is read-only', 2) end,
		__add = mt_date_add,
		__sub = mt_date_sub,
		__concat = mt_date_concat,
		__tostring = mt_date_tostring,
		__eq = mt_date_eq,
		__lt = mt_date_lt,
	}
	return setmetatable(readonly, mt)
end

local function _diff_age(diff, code, options)
	-- Return a tuple of integer values from diff as specified by code, except that
	-- each integer may be a list of two integers for a diff with a partial date, or
	-- return nil if the code is not supported.
	-- If want round, the least significant unit is rounded to nearest whole unit.
	-- For a duration, an extra day is added.
	local wantround, wantduration, wantrange
	if type(options) == 'table' then
		wantround = options.round
		wantduration = options.duration
		wantrange = options.range
	else
		wantround = options
	end
	if not is_diff(diff) then
		local f = wantduration and 'duration' or 'age'
		error(f .. ': need a date difference (use &quot;diff:' .. f .. '()&quot; with a colon)', 2)
	end
	if diff.partial then
		-- Ignore wantround, wantduration.
		local function choose(v)
			if type(v) == 'table' then
				if not wantrange or v[1] == v[2] then
					-- Example: Date('partial', 2005) - Date('partial', 2001) gives
					-- diff.years = { 3, 4 } to show the range of possible results.
					-- If do not want a range, choose the second value as more expected.
					return v[2]
				end
			end
			return v
		end
		if code == 'ym' or code == 'ymd' then
			if not wantrange and diff.iszero then
				-- This avoids an unexpected result such as
				-- Date('partial', 2001) - Date('partial', 2001)
				-- giving diff = { years = 0, months = { 0, 11 } }
				-- which would be reported as 0 years and 11 months.
				return 0, 0
			end
			return choose(diff.partial.years), choose(diff.partial.months)
		end
		if code == 'y' then
			return choose(diff.partial.years)
		end
		if code == 'm' or code == 'w' or code == 'd' then
			return choose({ diff.partial.mindiff:age(code), diff.partial.maxdiff:age(code) })
		end
		return nil
	end
	local extra_days = wantduration and 1 or 0
	if code == 'wd' or code == 'w' or code == 'd' then
		local offset = wantround and 0.5 or 0
		local days = diff.age_days + extra_days
		if code == 'wd' or code == 'd' then
			days = floor(days + offset)
			if code == 'd' then
				return days
			end
			return floor(days/7), days % 7
		end
		return floor(days/7 + offset)
	end
	local H, M, S = diff.hours, diff.minutes, diff.seconds
	if code == 'dh' or code == 'dhm' or code == 'dhms' or code == 'h' or code == 'hm' or code == 'hms' or code == 'M' or code == 's' then
		local days = floor(diff.age_days + extra_days)
		local inc_hour
		if wantround then
			if code == 'dh' or code == 'h' then
				if M &gt;= 30 then
					inc_hour = true
				end
			elseif code == 'dhm' or code == 'hm' then
				if S &gt;= 30 then
					M = M + 1
					if M &gt;= 60 then
						M = 0
						inc_hour = true
					end
				end
			elseif code == 'M' then
				if S &gt;= 30 then
					M = M + 1
				end
			else
				-- Nothing needed because S is an integer.
			end
			if inc_hour then
				H = H + 1
				if H &gt;= 24 then
					H = 0
					days = days + 1
				end
			end
		end
		if code == 'dh' or code == 'dhm' or code == 'dhms' then
			if code == 'dh' then
				return days, H
			elseif code == 'dhm' then
				return days, H, M
			else
				return days, H, M, S
			end
		end
		local hours = days * 24 + H
		if code == 'h' then
			return hours
		elseif code == 'hm' then
			return hours, M
		elseif code == 'M' or code == 's' then
			M = hours * 60 + M
			if code == 'M' then
				return M
			end
			return M * 60 + S
		end
		return hours, M, S
	end
	if wantround then
		local inc_hour
		if code == 'ymdh' or code == 'ymwdh' then
			if M &gt;= 30 then
				inc_hour = true
			end
		elseif code == 'ymdhm' or code == 'ymwdhm' then
			if S &gt;= 30 then
				M = M + 1
				if M &gt;= 60 then
					M = 0
					inc_hour = true
				end
			end
		elseif code == 'ymd' or code == 'ymwd' or code == 'yd' or code == 'md' then
			if H &gt;= 12 then
				extra_days = extra_days + 1
			end
		end
		if inc_hour then
			H = H + 1
			if H &gt;= 24 then
				H = 0
				extra_days = extra_days + 1
			end
		end
	end
	local y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days
	if extra_days &gt; 0 then
		d = d + extra_days
		if d &gt; 28 or code == 'yd' then
			-- Recalculate in case have passed a month.
			diff = diff.date1 + extra_days - diff.date2
			y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days
		end
	end
	if code == 'ymd' then
		return y, m, d
	elseif code == 'yd' then
		if y &gt; 0 then
			-- It is known that diff.date1 &gt; diff.date2.
			diff = diff.date1 - (diff.date2 + (y .. 'y'))
		end
		return y, floor(diff.age_days)
	elseif code == 'md' then
		return y * 12 + m, d
	elseif code == 'ym' or code == 'm' then
		if wantround then
			if d &gt;= 16 then
				m = m + 1
				if m &gt;= 12 then
					m = 0
					y = y + 1
				end
			end
		end
		if code == 'ym' then
			return y, m
		end
		return y * 12 + m
	elseif code == 'ymw' then
		local weeks = floor(d/7)
		if wantround then
			local days = d % 7
			if days &gt; 3 or (days == 3 and H &gt;= 12) then
				weeks = weeks + 1
			end
		end
		return y, m, weeks
	elseif code == 'ymwd' then
		return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7
	elseif code == 'ymdh' then
		return y, m, d, H
	elseif code == 'ymwdh' then
		return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7, H
	elseif code == 'ymdhm' then
		return y, m, d, H, M
	elseif code == 'ymwdhm' then
		return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7, H, M
	end
	if code == 'y' then
		if wantround and m &gt;= 6 then
			y = y + 1
		end
		return y
	end
	return nil
end

local function _diff_duration(diff, code, options)
	if type(options) ~= 'table' then
		options = { round = options }
	end
	options.duration = true
	return _diff_age(diff, code, options)
end

-- Metatable for some operations on date differences.
diffmt = {  -- for forward declaration above
	__concat = function (lhs, rhs)
		return tostring(lhs) .. tostring(rhs)
	end,
	__tostring = function (self)
		return tostring(self.age_days)
	end,
	__index = function (self, key)
		local value
		if key == 'age_days' then
			if rawget(self, 'partial') then
				local function jdz(date)
					return (date.partial and date.partial.first or date).jdz
				end
				value = jdz(self.date1) - jdz(self.date2)
			else
				value = self.date1.jdz - self.date2.jdz
			end
		end
		if value ~= nil then
			rawset(self, key, value)
			return value
		end
	end,
}

function DateDiff(date1, date2, options)  -- for forward declaration above
	-- Return a table with the difference between two dates (date1 - date2).
	-- The difference is negative if date1 is older than date2.
	-- Return nothing if invalid.
	-- If d = date1 - date2 then
	--     date1 = date2 + d
	-- If date1 &gt;= date2 and the dates have no H:M:S time specified then
	--     date1 = date2 + (d.years..'y') + (d.months..'m') + d.days
	-- where the larger time units are added first.
	-- The result of Date(2015,1,x) + '1m' is Date(2015,2,28) for
	-- x = 28, 29, 30, 31. That means, for example,
	--     d = Date(2015,3,3) - Date(2015,1,31)
	-- gives d.years, d.months, d.days = 0, 1, 3 (excluding date1).
	if not (is_date(date1) and is_date(date2) and date1.calendar == date2.calendar) then
		return
	end
	local wantfill
	if type(options) == 'table' then
		wantfill = options.fill
	end
	local isnegative = false
	local iszero = false
	if date1 &lt; date2 then
		isnegative = true
		date1, date2 = date2, date1
	elseif date1 == date2 then
		iszero = true
	end
	-- It is known that date1 &gt;= date2 (period is from date2 to date1).
	if date1.partial or date2.partial then
		-- Two partial dates might have timelines:
		---------------------A=================B--- date1 is from A to B inclusive
		--------C=======D-------------------------- date2 is from C to D inclusive
		-- date1 &gt; date2 iff A &gt; C (date1.partial.first &gt; date2.partial.first)
		-- The periods can overlap ('April 2001' - '2001'):
		-------------A===B------------------------- A=2001-04-01  B=2001-04-30
		--------C=====================D------------ C=2001-01-01  D=2001-12-31
		if wantfill then
			date1, date2 = autofill(date1, date2)
		else
			local function zdiff(date1, date2)
				local diff = date1 - date2
				if diff.isnegative then
					return date1 - date1  -- a valid diff in case we call its methods
				end
				return diff
			end
			local function getdate(date, which)
				return date.partial and date.partial[which] or date
			end
			local maxdiff = zdiff(getdate(date1, 'last'), getdate(date2, 'first'))
			local mindiff = zdiff(getdate(date1, 'first'), getdate(date2, 'last'))
			local years, months
			if maxdiff.years == mindiff.years then
				years = maxdiff.years
				if maxdiff.months == mindiff.months then
					months = maxdiff.months
				else
					months = { mindiff.months, maxdiff.months }
				end
			else
				years = { mindiff.years, maxdiff.years }
			end
			return setmetatable({
				date1 = date1,
				date2 = date2,
				partial = {
					years = years,
					months = months,
					maxdiff = maxdiff,
					mindiff = mindiff,
				},
				isnegative = isnegative,
				iszero = iszero,
				age = _diff_age,
				duration = _diff_duration,
			}, diffmt)
		end
	end
	local y1, m1 = date1.year, date1.month
	local y2, m2 = date2.year, date2.month
	local years = y1 - y2
	local months = m1 - m2
	local d1 = date1.day + hms(date1)
	local d2 = date2.day + hms(date2)
	local days, time
	if d1 &gt;= d2 then
		days = d1 - d2
	else
		months = months - 1
		-- Get days in previous month (before the &quot;to&quot; date) given December has 31 days.
		local dpm = m1 &gt; 1 and days_in_month(y1, m1 - 1, date1.calendar) or 31
		if d2 &gt;= dpm then
			days = d1 - hms(date2)
		else
			days = dpm - d2 + d1
		end
	end
	if months &lt; 0 then
		years = years - 1
		months = months + 12
	end
	days, time = math.modf(days)
	local H, M, S = h_m_s(time)
	return setmetatable({
		date1 = date1,
		date2 = date2,
		partial = false,  -- avoid index lookup
		years = years,
		months = months,
		days = days,
		hours = H,
		minutes = M,
		seconds = S,
		isnegative = isnegative,
		iszero = iszero,
		age = _diff_age,
		duration = _diff_duration,
	}, diffmt)
end

return {
	_current = current,
	_Date = Date,
	_days_in_month = days_in_month,
}</text>
      <sha1>pos8xxwnwrrsc6a5m7fruvq629j035f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Date table sorting</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6282</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35444</id>
      <timestamp>2020-09-15T05:44:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local N_YEAR_DIGITS = 12 local MAX_YEAR = 10^N_YEAR_DIGITS - 1  ---------------------------...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35444</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="11728" sha1="td7o19uebgwm4bm22pvwz0sxa483q1y" xml:space="preserve">local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
local N_YEAR_DIGITS = 12
local MAX_YEAR = 10^N_YEAR_DIGITS - 1

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Dts class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Dts = {}
Dts.__index = Dts

Dts.months = {
	&quot;January&quot;,
	&quot;February&quot;,
	&quot;March&quot;,
	&quot;April&quot;,
	&quot;May&quot;,
	&quot;June&quot;,
	&quot;July&quot;,
	&quot;August&quot;,
	&quot;September&quot;,
	&quot;October&quot;,
	&quot;November&quot;,
	&quot;December&quot;
}

Dts.monthsAbbr = {
	&quot;Jan&quot;,
	&quot;Feb&quot;,
	&quot;Mar&quot;,
	&quot;Apr&quot;,
	&quot;May&quot;,
	&quot;Jun&quot;,
	&quot;Jul&quot;,
	&quot;Aug&quot;,
	&quot;Sep&quot;,
	&quot;Oct&quot;,
	&quot;Nov&quot;,
	&quot;Dec&quot;
}

function Dts._makeMonthSearch(t)
	local ret = {}
	for i, month in ipairs(t) do
		ret[month:lower()] = i
	end
	return ret
end
Dts.monthSearch = Dts._makeMonthSearch(Dts.months)
Dts.monthSearchAbbr = Dts._makeMonthSearch(Dts.monthsAbbr)
Dts.monthSearchAbbr['sept'] = 9 -- Allow &quot;Sept&quot; to match September

Dts.formats = {
	dmy = true,
	mdy = true,
	dm = true,
	md = true,
	my = true,
	y = true,
	m = true,
	d = true,
	hide = true
}

function Dts.new(args)
	local self = setmetatable({}, Dts)

	-- Parse date parameters.
	-- In this step we also record whether the date was in DMY or YMD format,
	-- and whether the month name was abbreviated.
	if args[2] or args[3] or args[4] then
		self:parseDateParts(args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4])
	elseif args[1] then
		self:parseDate(args[1])
	end

	-- Raise an error on invalid values
	if self.year then
		if self.year == 0 then
			error('years cannot be zero', 0)
		elseif self.year &lt; -MAX_YEAR then
			error(string.format(
				'years cannot be less than %s',
				lang:formatNum(-MAX_YEAR)
			), 0)
		elseif self.year &gt; MAX_YEAR then
			error(string.format(
				'years cannot be greater than %s',
				lang:formatNum(MAX_YEAR)
			), 0)
		elseif math.floor(self.year) ~= self.year then
			error('years must be an integer', 0)
		end
	end
	if self.month and (
		self.month &lt; 1
		or self.month &gt; 12
		or math.floor(self.month) ~= self.month
	) then
		error('months must be an integer between 1 and 12', 0)
	end
	if self.day and (
		self.day &lt; 1
		or self.day &gt; 31
		or math.floor(self.day) ~= self.day
	) then
		error('days must be an integer between 1 and 31', 0)
	end

	-- Set month abbreviation behaviour, i.e. whether we are outputting
	-- &quot;January&quot; or &quot;Jan&quot;.
	if args.abbr then
		self.isAbbreviated = args.abbr == 'on' or yesno(args.abbr) or false
	else
		self.isAbbreviated = self.isAbbreviated or false
	end

	-- Set the format string
	if args.format then
		self.format = args.format
	else
		self.format = self.format or 'mdy'
	end
	if not Dts.formats[self.format] then
		error(string.format(
			&quot;'%s' is not a valid format&quot;,
			tostring(self.format)
		), 0)
	end

	-- Set addkey. This adds a value at the end of the sort key, allowing users
	-- to manually distinguish between identical dates.
	if args.addkey then
		self.addkey = tonumber(args.addkey)
		if not self.addkey or
			self.addkey &lt; 0 or
			self.addkey &gt; 9999 or
			math.floor(self.addkey) ~= self.addkey
		then
			error(&quot;the 'addkey' parameter must be an integer between 0 and 9999&quot;, 0)
		end
	end

	-- Set whether the displayed date is allowed to wrap or not.
	self.isWrapping = args.nowrap == 'off' or yesno(args.nowrap) == false

	return self
end

function Dts:hasDate()
	return (self.year or self.month or self.day) ~= nil
end

-- Find the month number for a month name, and set the isAbbreviated flag as
-- appropriate.
function Dts:parseMonthName(s)
	s = s:lower()
	local month = Dts.monthSearch[s]
	if month then
		return month
	else
		month = Dts.monthSearchAbbr[s]
		if month then
			self.isAbbreviated = true
			return month
		end
	end
	return nil
end

-- Parses separate parameters for year, month, day, and era.
function Dts:parseDateParts(year, month, day, bc)
	if year then
		self.year = tonumber(year)
		if not self.year then
			error(string.format(
				&quot;'%s' is not a valid year&quot;,
				tostring(year)
			), 0)
		end
	end
	if month then
		if tonumber(month) then
			self.month = tonumber(month)
		elseif type(month) == 'string' then
			self.month = self:parseMonthName(month)
		end
		if not self.month then
			error(string.format(
				&quot;'%s' is not a valid month&quot;,
				tostring(month)
			), 0)
		end
	end
	if day then
		self.day = tonumber(day)
		if not self.day then
			error(string.format(
				&quot;'%s' is not a valid day&quot;,
				tostring(day)
			), 0)
		end
	end
	if bc then
		local bcLower = type(bc) == 'string' and bc:lower()
		if bcLower == 'bc' or bcLower == 'bce' then
			if self.year and self.year &gt; 0 then
				self.year = -self.year
			end
		elseif bcLower ~= 'ad' and bcLower ~= 'ce' then
			error(string.format(
				&quot;'%s' is not a valid era code (expected 'BC', 'BCE', 'AD' or 'CE')&quot;,
				tostring(bc)
			), 0)
		end
	end
end

-- This method parses date strings. This is a poor man's alternative to
-- mw.language:formatDate, but it ends up being easier for us to parse the date
-- here than to use mw.language:formatDate and then try to figure out after the
-- fact whether the month was abbreviated and whether we were DMY or MDY.
function Dts:parseDate(date)
	-- Generic error message.
	local function dateError()
		error(string.format(
			&quot;'%s' is an invalid date&quot;,
			date
		), 0)
	end

	local function parseDayOrMonth(s)
		if s:find('^%d%d?$') then
			return tonumber(s)
		end
	end

	local function parseYear(s)
		if s:find('^%d%d%d%d?$') then
			return tonumber(s)
		end
	end

	-- Deal with year-only dates first, as they can have hyphens in, and later
	-- we need to split the string by all non-word characters, including
	-- hyphens. Also, we don't need to restrict years to 3 or 4 digits, as on
	-- their own they can't be confused as a day or a month number.
	self.year = tonumber(date)
	if self.year then
		return
	end

	-- Split the string using non-word characters as boundaries.
	date = tostring(date)
	local parts = mw.text.split(date, '%W+')
	local nParts = #parts
	if parts[1] == '' or parts[nParts] == '' or nParts &gt; 3 then
		-- We are parsing a maximum of three elements, so raise an error if we
		-- have more. If the first or last elements were blank, then the start
		-- or end of the string was a non-word character, which we will also
		-- treat as an error.
		dateError()
	elseif nParts &lt; 1 then
	 	-- If we have less than one element, then something has gone horribly
	 	-- wrong.
		error(string.format(
			&quot;an unknown error occurred while parsing the date '%s'&quot;,
			date
		), 0)
	end

	if nParts == 1 then
		-- This can be either a month name or a year.
		self.month = self:parseMonthName(parts[1])
		if not self.month then
			self.year = parseYear(parts[1])
			if not self.year then
				dateError()
			end
		end
	elseif nParts == 2 then
		-- This can be any of the following formats:
		-- DD Month
		-- Month DD
		-- Month YYYY
		-- YYYY-MM
		self.month = self:parseMonthName(parts[1])
		if self.month then
			-- This is either Month DD or Month YYYY.
			self.year = parseYear(parts[2])
			if not self.year then
				-- This is Month DD.
				self.format = 'mdy'
				self.day = parseDayOrMonth(parts[2])
				if not self.day then
					dateError()
				end
			end
		else
			self.month = self:parseMonthName(parts[2])
			if self.month then
				-- This is DD Month.
				self.format = 'dmy'
				self.day = parseDayOrMonth(parts[1])
				if not self.day then
					dateError()
				end
			else
				-- This is YYYY-MM.
				self.year = parseYear(parts[1])
				self.month = parseDayOrMonth(parts[2])
				if not self.year or not self.month then
					dateError()
				end
			end
		end
	elseif nParts == 3 then
		-- This can be any of the following formats:
		-- DD Month YYYY
		-- Month DD, YYYY
		-- YYYY-MM-DD
		-- DD-MM-YYYY
		self.month = self:parseMonthName(parts[1])
		if self.month then
			-- This is Month DD, YYYY.
			self.format = 'mdy'
			self.day = parseDayOrMonth(parts[2])
			self.year = parseYear(parts[3])
			if not self.day or not self.year then
				dateError()
			end
		else
			self.day = parseDayOrMonth(parts[1])
			if self.day then
				self.month = self:parseMonthName(parts[2])
				if self.month then
					-- This is DD Month YYYY.
					self.format = 'dmy'
					self.year = parseYear(parts[3])
					if not self.year then
						dateError()
					end
				else
					-- This is DD-MM-YYYY.
					self.format = 'dmy'
					self.month = parseDayOrMonth(parts[2])
					self.year = parseYear(parts[3])
					if not self.month or not self.year then
						dateError()
					end
				end
			else
				-- This is YYYY-MM-DD
				self.year = parseYear(parts[1])
				self.month = parseDayOrMonth(parts[2])
				self.day = parseDayOrMonth(parts[3])
				if not self.year or not self.month or not self.day then
					dateError()
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

function Dts:makeSortKey()
	local year, month, day
	local nYearDigits = N_YEAR_DIGITS
	if self:hasDate() then
		year = self.year or os.date(&quot;*t&quot;).year
		if year &lt; 0 then
			year = -MAX_YEAR - 1 - year
			nYearDigits = nYearDigits + 1 -- For the minus sign
		end
		month = self.month or 1
		day = self.day or 1
	else
		-- Blank {{dts}} transclusions should sort last.
		year = MAX_YEAR
		month = 99
		day = 99
	end
	return string.format(
		'%0' .. nYearDigits .. 'd-%02d-%02d-%04d',
		year, month, day, self.addkey or 0
	)
end

function Dts:getMonthName()
	if not self.month then
		return ''
	end
	if self.isAbbreviated then
		return self.monthsAbbr[self.month]
	else
		return self.months[self.month]
	end
end

function Dts:makeDisplay()
	if self.format == 'hide' then
		return ''
	end
	local hasYear = self.year and self.format:find('y')
	local hasMonth = self.month and self.format:find('m')
	local hasDay = self.day and self.format:find('d')
	local isMonthFirst = self.format:find('md')
	local ret = {}
	if hasDay and hasMonth and isMonthFirst then
		ret[#ret + 1] = self:getMonthName()
		ret[#ret + 1] = ' '
		ret[#ret + 1] = self.day
		if hasYear then
			ret[#ret + 1] = ','
		end
	elseif hasDay and hasMonth then
		ret[#ret + 1] = self.day
		ret[#ret + 1] = ' '
		ret[#ret + 1] = self:getMonthName()
	elseif hasDay then
		ret[#ret + 1] = self.day
	elseif hasMonth then
		ret[#ret + 1] = self:getMonthName()
	end
	if hasYear then
		if hasDay or hasMonth then
			ret[#ret + 1] = ' '
		end
		local displayYear = math.abs(self.year)
		if displayYear &gt; 9999 then
			displayYear = lang:formatNum(displayYear)
		else
			displayYear = tostring(displayYear)
		end
		ret[#ret + 1] = displayYear
		if self.year &lt; 0 then
			ret[#ret + 1] = '&amp;nbsp;BC'
		end
	end
	return table.concat(ret)
end

function Dts:__tostring()
	local root = mw.html.create()
	local span = root:tag('span')
		:attr('data-sort-value', self:makeSortKey())

	-- Display
	if self:hasDate() and self.format ~= 'hide' then
		span:wikitext(self:makeDisplay())
		if not self.isWrapping then
			span:css('white-space', 'nowrap')
		end
	end

	return tostring(root)
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Exports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local p = {}

function p._exportClasses()
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end

function p._main(args)
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		if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then
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			ret = ret .. '[[Category:Date table sorting templates with errors]]'
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		return ret
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end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {
		wrappers = 'Template:Date table sorting',
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	return p._main(args)
end

return p</text>
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    <title>Template:Back to contents</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot; style=&quot;float:right; clear:right; font-size:x-small;&quot;&gt;[[#toc|Back to contents]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation|content=  ==Usage== Can be placed on WP:G...&quot;</comment>
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==Usage==
Can be placed on [[WP:GOVPS|administration pages]] (not-articles) when appropriate. This usually means pages in the &quot;Wikipedia:&quot; and &quot;Help:&quot; namespaces, but sometime also exist on user pages.

*Usage code: {{tlc|Back to contents}}

==Example==
{{tlx|back to contents}}

{{back to contents}}

{{skip templates}}

}}
[[Category:Help namespace templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Xikundu i n'wana wa Mayeke wa Ncelwa wa Malenga (Maluleke). Ndzisana ya yena Thlelani u kumile xitandi loko a hlula MaVhenda, kutani a xi thya Xikundu. Thelani u vile hosi yo...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="465" sha1="bk75ftvbtjadp6by086bkyayketqeic" xml:space="preserve">Xikundu i n'wana wa Mayeke wa Ncelwa wa Malenga (Maluleke). Ndzisana ya yena Thlelani u kumile xitandi loko a hlula MaVhenda, kutani a xi thya Xikundu. Thelani u vile hosi yo sungula ya ka Xikundu, kambe u komberile leswaku vuhosi byi teka hi n'wana boti wa yena kunga Hanyani. N'wana wa Thlelani, Phikela, u yile ethlelweni ra le Giyani a ya tshamisa etikweni ra va Nkomati ekaNdengeza. U vuyile a kuma mugangha lowu va nge hi le ka Phikela namunthla ( Ndengeza B)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Can Themba</title>
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      <comment>/* Tindhawu ta le handle */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5789" sha1="sayqw0qey7izuk3e3cfz5zxk9fc54ic" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}

'''Daniel Canodoise &quot;Can&quot; Themba''' (Khotavuxika 1924 - 8 [[Ndzhati]] 1967)&lt;ref&gt;Gaylard, Robin Peter, [https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&amp;UID=4361 &quot;Can Themba&quot;]. ''The Literary Encyclopedia''. 20 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Langa|first=Phumlani S.|title=Can Themba: The man in the suit|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/can-themba-the-man-in-the-suit-20180912|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Citypress|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a a ri mutsari wa switori swo koma wa Afrika Dzonga.

== Masungulo ya vutomi ==
Themba u velekiwe le Marabastad, ekusuhi ni le dorobeni ra Pitori, kambe u tsale ntirho wakwe wo tala le Sophiatown, e [[Joni]], eAfrika Dzonga. Malabrastad. Doroba leri ri mbundzumuxiwile ehansi ka Nawu wa Mintlawa ya Rixaka wa nkarhi wa xihlawuhlawu, lowu a wu avela mintlawa ya tinxaka ku ya etindhawini letintshwa. A a ri xichudeni le Fort Hare College, laha a kumeke digri ya Xinghezi (hi risiva) na diploma ya vudyondzisi.

Endzhaku ko rhurhela edorobeni ra Sophiatown, u ringete ku tsala switori swokoma. Themba u nghenele mphikizano wo sungula wa switori swo koma wa Drum (ku nga magazini wa vantima va le madorobeni lowu vulavulaka ngopfu hi vukambisisi hi swifaniso), laha a hluleke.

Hi ku famba ka nkarhi u tirhe eka Drum, laha a veke un'wana wa &quot;Majaha ya Drum,&quot; kun'we na Henry Nxumalo, Bloke Modisane, Todd Matshikiza, Stan Motjuwadi na Casey Motsisi. Hi ku famba ka nkarhi va hlanganisiwe na Lewis Nkosi na Nat Nakasa. Ntlawa lowu a wu hi xivuvulelo lexi nge: &quot;Hanya hi xihatla, lova wa ha ri ntsongo naswona u ri ni ntsumbu wosaseka.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;A good-looking corpse&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Mike Nicol |title=A Good-Looking Corpse |publisher=Secker &amp; Warburg |location=London |year=1991 |isbn=0-436-30986-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xiphemu lexi a xi hlawulekisa Drum a kuri vuswikoti byo kambisisa. Xin'wana xa swikongomelo swa kona a ku ri ku paluxa ntiyiso na kupfumaleka ka kuringana e hansi ka mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu. Themba u endle xiboho xo vona ndlela leyi tikereke to basa a ti ta angula ha yona loko a ya etikerekeni to vona, tani hi leswi a a ri munhu wa ntima.
 

== Ku rhurela e Swazini ==
Ku karhateka loku kulaka hi swipimelo swa xihlawuhlawu, ku n'wi vangele leswaku a rhurhela eSwazini laha a tirheke kona tanihi mudyondzisi. Hi 1966, u vuriwe &quot;mukomanisi ximfumo, &quot; hikwalaho ka swona mintirho yakwe yi yirisiwile eAfrika Dzonga. Tibuku takwe ti sungule kumeka hi xitalo eka malembe ya va - 1980 hi ku humesiwa ka tibuku timbirhi leti nga - The Will to Die (1972) na The World of Can Themba (1985). 

Eka switori swakwe, u hlamusele ku karhateka ka vanhu va vantima la va dyondzeke e yunivhesiti na swona vahanya e madorobheni; naswona va tsandzeka ku humelerisa vuswikoti bya vona hi kwalaho ka swipimelo swo ya hi nghohe swa mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu, na swona va thlela va ringeta ku ringanisa vutomi bya le dorobhen na byale ma tiko xikaya.

== Rifu ==
U lovile hikwalaho ka vuvabyi bya mbilu eka kaya rakwe ra le Mazini hi 8 Ndhzati 1967.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Stuart|first=Donald|title=The will to die|last2=Holland|first2=Roy|publisher=Heinemann Educational books|year=1972|isbn=0435901044|location=London|pages=132}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;


== Thlela u vona ==

* The suit, xitori xokoma hi Can Themba.
* The suit (Xifaniso xa filimi hi 2016), xifaniso xo koma xa filimi lexi tsariweke hi kuya hi xitori xo koma xa Can Themba, na swona xitsariwe no kongomisiwa hi Jarryd Coetsee.

== Kuthlomiwa tinsiva ==

* Risiva ra Ikhamanga ra le Afrika Dzonga hi silivere, hikwalaho ka &quot;Ku humelela loku xiyekaka ka vutsari, ku hoxa xandla eka xivandla xa vutsari bya vukambisisi ni ku lwela vandla ro lulama ni ra xidemokrati eAfrika Dzonga.&quot; (Uthlomiwe risiva endzhaku ka ku lova)&lt;ref name='Award'&gt;{{cite news | title=Profile of Canodoise Daniel Themba | publisher=S A National Orders | url =http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=335 | accessdate = 26 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070330084219/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=335 |archive-date = 30 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tibuku ==

* ''Deep Cuts'': Switori swo hambana - hambana swa Can Themba, Alex la Guma &amp; Bessie Head / Mululamisi: Betty Napper; muhleri: Peter Esterhuysen, Maskew Miller, Longman, 1993, ISBN 0-636-01896-2
* ''The Suit hi Can''Themba; Hi ku pfumelelana na Chris van Wyk; Vufanisi Renée Koch. Viva Books, 1994. {{ISBN|1-874932-14-X}}[[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-874932-14-X|1-874932-14-X]].
* The Will to Die / Can Themba; Yi hlawuriwe hi Donald Stuart na Roy Holland, Heinemann, 1972. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-435-90104-4|0-435-90104-4]]
* World of Can Themba: matsalwa la mahlawuriweke hi Can Themba, leyi lulamisiweke hi Essop Patel, Ravan Press, 1985. {{ISBN|0-86975-145-X}}[[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-86975-145-X|0-86975-145-X]]
* Requiem for Sophiatown. London: Penguin, 2006. {{ISBN|9780143185482}}[[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780143185482|9780143185482]]

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

== Swihlovo ==

** Mike Nicol, ''Good-looking Corpse: World of Drum – Jazz and Gangsters, Hope and Defiance in the Townships of South Africa'', Secker &amp; Warburg, 1991, {{ISBN|0-436-30986-6}}
** Anthony Adams &amp; Ken Durham (eds), ''Writing from South Africa'', Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|0-521-43572-2}}, contains &quot;Mob Passion&quot; by D. Can Themba.

== Tindhawu ta le handle ==

* Xana Tiko Ra Themba Ri Nga Swi Kota Ku Teka Goza?
* &quot; Ku tihungasa a hi ku vulavurisana ka manguva lawa ka&quot; vhidiyo ehenhleni ka &quot;Ku ntsena &quot; na Peter Xikwembu na Andrew Dickson, The Guardian, 25 May 2012.&quot;

[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|1924|1967|Can Themba}}
[[Category:Vatsari]]</text>
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&lt;!-- Add pushpin map for the province, or according to parameter --&gt;
| pushpin_map             = {{#if: {{{pushpin_map|}}} | {{{pushpin_map}}} | {{#if: {{{latd|}}} | {{#switch: {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|M{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 3 }} | EC = Eastern Cape | FS = Free State | GP = Gauteng | ZN = KwaZulu-Natal | LP = Limpopo | MP = Mpumalanga | NW = South Africa North West | NC = Northern Cape | WC = Western Cape }} }} }}
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&lt;!-- Add pushpin map for the whole country, unless we already have one above --&gt;
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| demographics1_info3     = {{{language_value3|{{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 6 }}%}}}
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| demographics1_info4     = {{{language_value4|{{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 8 }}%}}}
| demographics1_title5    = {{{language_name5|{{#ifexpr: (100 - ( {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 2 }} + {{#if: {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 4 }} | {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 4 }} | 0 }} + {{#if: {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 6 }} | {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 6 }} | 0 }} + {{#if: {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 8 }} | {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 8 }} | 0 }} )) &gt; 0.1 | &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;Other {{#if: {{{other_specify|}}} | {{{other_specify}}} }}&lt;/span&gt; }}}}}
| demographics1_info5     = {{{language_value5|{{#expr: (100 - ( {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 2 }} + {{#if: {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 4 }} | {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 4 }} | 0 }} + {{#if: {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 6 }} | {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 6 }} | 0 }} + {{#if: {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 8 }} | {{#titleparts: {{Metadata South Africa|L{{{censuscode|}}} }} | 1 | 8 }} | 0 }} )) round 1 }}%}}}
&lt;!-- twin cities ---------------&gt;
| twin1                   = {{{twin1|}}}
| twin1_country           = {{{twin1_country|}}}
| twin2                   = {{{twin2|}}}
| twin2_country           = {{{twin2_country|}}}
| twin3                   = {{{twin3|}}}
| twin3_country           = {{{twin3_country|}}}
| twin4                   = {{{twin4|}}}
| twin4_country           = {{{twin4_country|}}}
| twin5                   = {{{twin5|}}}
| twin5_country           = {{{twin5_country|}}}
| twin6                   = {{{twin6|}}}
| twin6_country           = {{{twin6_country|}}}
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
&lt;!--
| timezone1               = [[South Africa Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| timezone1_DST           =
| utc_offset1_DST         =--&gt;
| postal_code_type        = {{#if: {{{postal_code|}}} | {{{postal_code_type| Khodi ya poso}}} }}
| postal_code             = {{{postal_code| Khodi ya poso}}}
| area_code_type          = {{#if: {{{area_code|}}}   | {{{area_code_type|   Khodi ya ndzhawu}}}   }}
| area_code               = {{{area_code|Khodi ya ndzhawu}}}
| censuscode              =
| website                 = {{{website|}}}
| footnotes               = {{{footnotes|}}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;
Example (from [[Seshego]]):
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;
{{Infobox Doroba ra Afrika-Dzonga
|name                   = Seshego
|native_name            =
|nickname               =
|motto                  =
|pushpin_map            = Limpopo
|pushpin_map_caption    = Ndzhawu ya doroba e xifundzeni xa Limpopo
|xifundza               = Limpopo
|muganga               = Capricorn
|masipala              = Polokwane
|area_total_km2         = 28.08
|elevation_m            =
|population_as_of       = 2011
|population_total       = 83,863
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/974043 Census 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;
|latd=23  |latm=51  |lats=  |latNS=S
|longd=29 |longm=23 |longs= |longEW=E
|language_source        = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
|language_year          = 2011
|language_name1         = xiPedi 
|language_value1        = 84.5%
|language_name2         = Xitsonga
|language_value2        = 3.1%
|language_name3         = xiVhenda
|language_value3        = 2.4%
|language_name4         = xiNghezi
|language_value4        = 2.1%
|language_name5         = Tin'wana
|language_value5        = 8.0%
|postal_code            = 0742
|area_code              = 015
|censuscode             =
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Infobox templates|South Africa town]]
[[Category:South Africa templates|Infobox town]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>itt08v52chohpvpjy0v2wtt9vyns2dh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox settlement</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6599</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35934</id>
      <parentid>35928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-29T11:32:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35934</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45103" sha1="o8nz0gj749jh6nlzitz0bnp41eacj8l" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table class=&quot;infobox geography vcard&quot; style=&quot;width:23em; text-align:left&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn org&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{#if:{{{official_name|}}}|{{{official_name}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;{{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nickname&quot; {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang=&quot;{{{native_name_lang}}}&quot; xml:lang=&quot;{{{native_name_lang}}}&quot;}}&gt;{{{native_name}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}{{#if:{{{other_name|}}}|&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nickname&quot; style=&quot;font-size:78%&quot;&gt;{{{other_name}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{both|{{{name|}}}{{{official_name|}}}|{{{settlement_type|{{{type|}}}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- ***category*** --&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background-color:#cddeff&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''&lt;span class=&quot;category&quot;&gt;{{{settlement_type|{{{type}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{both|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;{{{official_name}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- ***Transliteration language 1*** --&gt;
&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;{{{translit_lang1}}}&amp;nbsp;transcription(s)&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type1|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang1_info|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type2|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type1}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang1_info1|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type3|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang1_info2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type3|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type4|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type3}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang1_info3|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type4|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type4}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang1_info4|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type5|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type6|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type5}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang1_info5|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type6|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type6}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang1_info6|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}} }}
{{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- ***Transliteration language 2*** --&gt;
&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;{{{translit_lang2}}}&amp;nbsp;transcription(s)&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type1|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang2_info|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type2|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type1}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang2_info1|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type3|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang2_info2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type3|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type4|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type3}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang2_info3|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type4|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type4}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang2_info4}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type5|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type6|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type5}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang2_info5|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type6|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type6}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{translit_lang2_info6|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}} }}
{{#if:{{{image_skyline|}}}|
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;!-- ***Skyline Image*** --&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; padding:0.7em 0.8em&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{image_skyline}}}|{{#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{imagesize}}}|250px}}|none|alt={{{image_alt|}}}|{{{image_caption|Skyline of {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{image_caption|}}}|&lt;small&gt;{{{image_caption}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{swifaniso|}}}|
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;!-- ***Ezinye Izithombe*** --&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; padding:0.7em 0.8em&quot;&gt;{{{swifaniso}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{xifaniso_mujeko|}}}|
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;!-- ***Ezinye izithombe1*** --&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; padding:0.7em 0.8em&quot;&gt;{{{xifaniso_mujeko}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}{{{image_seal|}}}{{{image_shield|}}}{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- ***Flag, Seal, Shield and Coat of arms*** --&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;maptable&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; padding:0.4em 0&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;width:100%; background:none&quot;&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{image_shield|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|1|0}}}}|2|
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:middle&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}|[[File:{{{image_flag}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_size|}}}|{{{flag_size}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Mujeko wa {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Ifulegi|link={{{flag_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}&lt;/small&gt; |{{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|[[File:{{{image_seal|}}}|{{#if:{{{seal_size|}}}|{{{seal_size}}}|100px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Mfungo ximpfumo {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Seal|link={{{seal_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}'''&lt;/small&gt; |{{#if:{{{image_shield|}}}|[[File:{{{image_shield|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|100px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Mfungo wa {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Isiphandla|link={{{shield_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}&lt;/small&gt;|{{#if:{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|[[File:{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Official logo of {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''{{Infobox settlement/link|type={{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}|link={{{blank_emblem_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}'''&lt;/small&gt;}}}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:middle&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|[[File:{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Official logo of {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''{{Infobox settlement/link|type={{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}|link={{{blank_emblem_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}'''&lt;/small&gt; |{{#if:{{{image_shield|}}}|[[File:{{{image_shield|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|100px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Mfungo wa {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Isiphandla|link={{{shield_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}&lt;/small&gt; |{{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|[[File:{{{image_seal|}}}|{{#if:{{{seal_size|}}}|{{{seal_size}}}|100px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Official seal of {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Seal|link={{{seal_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}'''&lt;/small&gt; |{{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}|[[File:{{{image_flag|}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_size|}}}|{{{flag_size}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Mujeko wa {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Ifulegi|link={{{flag_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
|{{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}{{{image_seal|}}}|
&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}|
&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:middle&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; {{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|width=&quot;50%&quot;|colspan=&quot;2&quot;}}&gt; [[File:{{{image_flag}}}|{{#if:{{{flag_size|}}}|{{{flag_size}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Mujeko wa {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Mujeko|link={{{flag_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;}}{{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|
&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:middle&quot; {{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}|width=&quot;50%&quot;|colspan=&quot;2&quot;}}&gt; [[File:{{{image_seal}}}|{{#if:{{{seal_size|}}}|{{{seal_size}}}|100px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Official seal of {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Seal|link={{{seal_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{image_shield|}}}{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|
&lt;tr&gt;{{#if:{{{image_shield|}}}|
&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:middle&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; {{#if:{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|width=&quot;50%&quot;|colspan=&quot;2&quot;}}&gt;[[File:{{{image_shield|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|100px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|title=Mfungo wa {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Isiphandla|link={{{shield_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;}}{{#if:{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|
&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:middle&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; {{#if:{{{image_shield|}}}|width=&quot;50%&quot;|colspan=&quot;2&quot;}}&gt;[[File:{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Official logo of {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''{{Infobox settlement/link|type={{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}|link={{{blank_emblem_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}}}
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Nickname*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{nickname|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;xivito: &lt;span class=&quot;nickname&quot;&gt;{{{nickname}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Motto*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{motto|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;Marito-mfungo: {{{motto}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Anthem*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{anthem|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;Anthem: {{{anthem}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Map*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{image_map|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{image_map}}}|{{#if:{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{mapsize}}}|250px}}|none|alt={{{map_alt|}}}|{{{map_caption|Location of {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|&lt;small&gt;{{{map_caption}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{image_map1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{image_map1}}}|{{#if:{{{mapsize1|}}}|{{{mapsize1}}}|250px}}|none|alt={{{map_alt1|}}}|{{{map_caption1|Location of {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{map_caption1|}}}|&lt;small&gt;{{{map_caption1}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}}}&lt;!--***Dot Map*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{image_dot_map|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;{{superimpose
|base = {{{image_dot_map|}}}
|base_width = {{px|{{{dot_mapsize|}}}|180px}}
|base_alt = {{{dot_map_base_alt|}}}
|base_caption = {{#if:{{{official_name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{{name}}}}}
|float = Red pog.svg
|float_width = 6px
|float_alt = {{{dot_map_alt|}}}
|float_caption = {{{dot_map_caption|}}}
|x = {{{dot_x|}}}
|y = {{{dot_y|}}}
}}{{#if:{{{dot_map_caption|}}}|&lt;small&gt;{{{dot_map_caption}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Pushpin Map*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;
{{Location map|{{{pushpin_map|}}}
|label = {{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position|}}} }} | none | | {{#if:{{{pushpin_label|}}}|{{{pushpin_label}}}|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}}}} }}
|alt = {{{pushpin_map_alt|}}}
|lat = {{#if:{{{latm|}}}{{{latNS|}}}| |{{{latd|}}} }}
|long = {{#if:{{{longm|}}}{{{longEW|}}}| |{{{longd|}}} }}
|lat_deg={{#if:{{{latm|}}}{{{latNS|}}}|{{{latd|}}}| }}
|lat_min={{#if:{{{latm|}}}{{{latNS|}}}|{{{latm|}}}| }}
|lat_sec={{#if:{{{lats|}}}{{{latNS|}}}|{{{lats|}}}| }}
|lat_dir={{#if:{{{latNS|}}}|{{{latNS|}}}| }}
|lon_deg={{#if:{{{longm|}}}{{{longEW|}}}|{{{longd|}}}| }}
|lon_min={{#if:{{{longm|}}}{{{longEW|}}}|{{{longm|}}}| }}
|lon_sec={{#if:{{{longs|}}}{{{longEW|}}}|{{{longs|}}}| }}
|lon_dir={{#if:{{{longEW|}}}|{{{longEW|}}}| }}
|marksize =6
|float = none
|caption =
|border = none
|position = {{{pushpin_label_position|}}}
|width = {{#if:{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}}|{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}} | 250 }}
|AlternativeMap = {{{pushpin_image|}}}
}}{{#if:{{{pushpin_map_caption|}}}|&lt;small&gt;{{{pushpin_map_caption}}}&lt;/small&gt;|{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|&lt;small&gt;{{{map_caption}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}}}
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}
{{#if:{{{pushpin_map1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;
{{Location map|{{{pushpin_map1|}}}
|label = {{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position1|}}} }} | none | | {{#if:{{{pushpin_label1|}}}|{{{pushpin_label1}}}|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}}}} }}
|alt = {{{pushpin_map_alt1|}}}
|lat = {{#if:{{{latm|}}}{{{latNS|}}}| |{{{latd|}}} }}
|long = {{#if:{{{longm|}}}{{{longEW|}}}| |{{{longd|}}} }}
|lat_deg={{#if:{{{latm|}}}{{{latNS|}}}|{{{latd|}}}| }}
|lat_min={{#if:{{{latm|}}}{{{latNS|}}}|{{{latm|}}}| }}
|lat_sec={{#if:{{{lats|}}}{{{latNS|}}}|{{{lats|}}}| }}
|lat_dir={{#if:{{{latNS|}}}|{{{latNS|}}}| }}
|lon_deg={{#if:{{{longm|}}}{{{longEW|}}}|{{{longd|}}}| }}
|lon_min={{#if:{{{longm|}}}{{{longEW|}}}|{{{longm|}}}| }}
|lon_sec={{#if:{{{longs|}}}{{{longEW|}}}|{{{longs|}}}| }}
|lon_dir={{#if:{{{longEW|}}}|{{{longEW|}}}| }}
|marksize =6
|float = none
|caption =
|border = none
|position = {{{pushpin_label_position1|}}}
|width = {{#if:{{{pushpin_mapsize1|}}}|{{{pushpin_mapsize1|}}} | 250 }}
|AlternativeMap = {{{pushpin_image1|}}}
}}{{#if:{{{pushpin_map_caption1|}}}|&lt;small&gt;{{{pushpin_map_caption1|}}}&lt;/small&gt;|{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|&lt;small&gt;{{{map_caption}}}&lt;/small&gt;}}}}
&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Izixhumanisi*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{both|{{{latd|}}}|{{{longd|}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; padding-bottom:0.7em&quot;&gt;Tinhla-vundzhawu{{#if:{{{coor_pinpoint|{{{coor_type|}}}}}}|&amp;#32;({{{coor_pinpoint|{{{coor_type|}}}}}})|}}: {{Geobox coor|{{{latd|}}}|{{{latm|}}}|{{{lats|}}}|{{{latNS|}}}|{{{longd|}}}|{{{longm|}}}|{{{longs|}}}|{{{longEW|}}}|{{#if:{{{coordinates_type|}}}|{{{coordinates_type}}}|type:city{{#if:{{{population_total|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{population_total}}}|R}}+1}}||({{formatnum:{{{population_total}}}|R}})}}|}}{{#if:{{{coordinates_region|}}}{{{subdivision_name|}}}|_region:{{{coordinates_region|{{CountryAbbr|{{{subdivision_name|}}}|{{{subdivision_name1|}}}}}}}}}} }}|{{#if:{{{coordinates_display|}}}|title|μ}}={{{coordinates_display|}}}|{{#if:{{{coordinates_format|}}}|format|μ}}={{{coordinates_format|}}}}}{{{coordinates_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Subdivisions*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{subdivision_type|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{subdivision_type}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{subdivision_name|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{subdivision_type1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{subdivision_type1}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{subdivision_name1|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{subdivision_type2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{subdivision_type2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{subdivision_name2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{subdivision_type3|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{subdivision_type3}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{subdivision_name3|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{subdivision_type4|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{subdivision_type4}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{subdivision_name4|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}
{{#if:{{{subdivision_type5|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{subdivision_type5}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{subdivision_name5|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{subdivision_type6|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{subdivision_type6}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{subdivision_name6|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!--***Established*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{established_title|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{established_title}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{established_date}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{established_title1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{established_title1}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{established_date1}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{established_title2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{established_title2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{established_date2}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{established_title3|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{established_title3}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{established_date3}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{extinct_title|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{extinct_title}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{extinct_date}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{founder|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Umsunguli&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{founder}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{named_for|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;[[Namesake|Named for]]&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{named_for}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Seat of government and subdivisions within the settlement*** --&gt;{{#if:{{{seat|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{#if:{{{seat_type|}}}|{{{seat_type}}}|Seat}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{seat}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{seat1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{#if:{{{seat1_type|}}}|{{{seat1_type}}}|Former seat}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{seat1}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{parts|}}}{{{p1|}}}|
&lt;tr class={{#if:{{{seat|}}}|&quot;mergedrow&quot;|&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;}}&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{#if:{{{parts_type|}}}|{{{parts_type}}}|Boroughs}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{parts_style|}}}|para|&lt;b&gt;{{{parts|}}}{{#if:{{both|{{{parts|}}}|{{{p1|}}}}}|&amp;#58;&amp;nbsp;|}}&lt;/b&gt;{{#if:{{{p1|}}}|{{{p1}}}{{#if:{{{p2|}}}|, {{{p2}}}{{#if:{{{p3|}}}|, {{{p3}}}{{#if:{{{p4|}}}|, {{{p4}}}{{#if:{{{p5|}}}|, {{{p5}}}{{#if:{{{p6|}}}|, {{{p6}}}{{#if:{{{p7|}}}|, {{{p7}}}{{#if:{{{p8|}}}|, {{{p8}}}{{#if:{{{p9|}}}|, {{{p9}}}{{#if:{{{p10|}}}|, {{{p10}}}{{#if:{{{p11|}}}|, {{{p11}}}{{#if:{{{p12|}}}|, {{{p12}}}{{#if:{{{p13|}}}|, {{{p13}}}{{#if:{{{p14|}}}|, {{{p14}}}{{#if:{{{p15|}}}|, {{{p15}}}{{#if:{{{p16|}}}|, {{{p16}}}{{#if:{{{p17|}}}|, {{{p17}}}{{#if:{{{p18|}}}|, {{{p18}}}{{#if:{{{p19|}}}|, {{{p19}}}{{#if:{{{p20|}}}|, {{{p20}}}{{#if:{{{p21|}}}|, {{{p21}}}{{#if:{{{p22|}}}|, {{{p22}}}{{#if:{{{p23|}}}|, {{{p23}}}{{#if:{{{p24|}}}|, {{{p24}}}{{#if:{{{p25|}}}|, {{{p25}}}{{#if:{{{p26|}}}|, {{{p26}}}{{#if:{{{p27|}}}|, {{{p27}}}{{#if:{{{p28|}}}|, {{{p28}}}{{#if:{{{p29|}}}|, {{{p29}}}{{#if:{{{p30|}}}|, {{{p30}}}{{#if:{{{p31|}}}|, {{{p31}}}{{#if:{{{p32|}}}|, {{{p32}}}{{#if:{{{p33|}}}|, {{{p33}}}{{#if:{{{p34|}}}|, {{{p34}}}{{#if:{{{p35|}}}|, {{{p35}}}{{#if:{{{p36|}}}|, {{{p36}}}{{#if:{{{p37|}}}|, {{{p37}}}{{#if:{{{p38|}}}|, {{{p38}}}{{#if:{{{p39|}}}|, {{{p39}}}{{#if:{{{p40|}}}|, {{{p40}}}{{#if:{{{p41|}}}|, {{{p41}}}{{#if:{{{p42|}}}|, {{{p42}}}{{#if:{{{p43|}}}|, {{{p43}}}{{#if:{{{p44|}}}|, {{{p44}}}{{#if:{{{p45|}}}|, {{{p45}}}{{#if:{{{p46|}}}|, {{{p46}}}{{#if:{{{p47|}}}|, {{{p47}}}{{#if:{{{p48|}}}|, {{{p48}}}{{#if:{{{p49|}}}|, {{{p49}}}{{#if:{{{p50|}}}|, {{{p50}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{p1|}}}|{{Collapsible list|title=Uhlu{{{parts|}}}|expand={{#switch:{{{parts_style|}}}|coll=|list=y|{{#if:{{{p6|}}}||y}}}}|1={{{p1|}}}|2={{{p2|}}}|3={{{p3|}}}|4={{{p4|}}}|5={{{p5|}}}|6={{{p6|}}}|7={{{p7|}}}|8={{{p8|}}}|9={{{p9|}}}|10={{{p10|}}}|11={{{p11|}}}|12={{{p12|}}}|13={{{p13|}}}|14={{{p14|}}}|15={{{p15|}}}|16={{{p16|}}}|17={{{p17|}}}|18={{{p18|}}}|19={{{p19|}}}|20={{{p20|}}}|21={{{p21|}}}|22={{{p22|}}}|23={{{p23|}}}|24={{{p24|}}}|25={{{p25|}}}|26={{{p26|}}}|27={{{p27|}}}|28={{{p28|}}}|29={{{p29|}}}|30={{{p30|}}}|31={{{p31|}}}|32={{{p32|}}}|33={{{p33|}}}|34={{{p34|}}}|35={{{p35|}}}|36={{{p36|}}}|37={{{p37|}}}|38={{{p38|}}}|39={{{p39|}}}|40={{{p40|}}}|41={{{p41|}}}|42={{{p42|}}}|43={{{p43|}}}|44={{{p44|}}}|45={{{p45|}}}|46={{{p46|}}}|47={{{p47|}}}|48={{{p48|}}}|49={{{p49|}}}|50={{{p50|}}}}}|{{{parts}}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Government type and Leader*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{governing_body|}}}{{{leader_title|}}}{{{leader_title1|}}}{{{leader_title2|}}}{{{leader_title3|}}}{{{leader_title4|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- ***Government*** --&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;'''Hulumendhe'''{{{government_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{government_type|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Type&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{government_type}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{governing_body|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Body&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;agent&quot;&gt;{{{governing_body}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{leader_title|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{leader_name|}}} {{#if:{{{leader_party|}}}|({{Polparty|{{{subdivision_name}}}|{{{leader_party}}}}})}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title1}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{leader_name1|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{leader_name2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{leader_title3|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title3}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{leader_name3|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{leader_title4|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{leader_title4}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{leader_name4|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}} }}&lt;!-- ***Geographical characteristics*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban_ha|}}}{{{area_urban_acre|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_ha|}}}{{{area_rural_acre|}}}{{{area_rural_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_ha|}}}{{{area_metro_acre|}}}{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_ha|}}}{{{area_blank1_acre|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- ***Area*** --&gt;
&lt;td {{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&amp;nbsp;||colspan=&quot;2&quot;}}&gt;'''Ku anama'''{{{area_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&amp;nbsp;||&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}|
{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&amp;nbsp;||&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt; &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{#if:{{{total_type|}}}|{{{total_type}}}|{{#if:{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_km2|}}}{{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_metro|}}}{{{population_urban|}}}{{{population_rural|}}}|{{#if:{{{settlement_type|{{{type|}}}}}}|{{{settlement_type|{{{type}}}}}}|Doroba}}|Hinkwaro}}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_total_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_total_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_total_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_total_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#switch:{{{dunam_link|}}}||on|total=on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
   |mag  ={{{area_magnitude|}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_dunam|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Tiko&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_land_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_land_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_land_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_land_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|land|on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_dunam|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Minambu&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_water_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_water_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_water_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_water_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|water|on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
}} {{#if:{{{area_water_percent|}}}| &amp;nbsp;{{{area_water_percent}}}%}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban_ha|}}}{{{area_urban_acre|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_dunam|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Urban{{{area_urban_footnotes|}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_urban_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_urban_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_urban_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_urban_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|urban|on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{area_rural_km2|}}}{{{area_rural_ha|}}}{{{area_rural_acre|}}}{{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_dunam|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Rural{{{area_rural_footnotes|}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_rural_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_rural_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_rural_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_rural_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|rural|on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_ha|}}}{{{area_metro_acre|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_dunam|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Metro{{{area_metro_footnotes|}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_metro_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_metro_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_metro_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_metro_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|metro|on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Area rank*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{area_rank|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Area rank&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{area_rank}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_ha|}}}{{{area_blank2_acre|}}}{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_blank1_title|}}}{{{area_blank1_dunam|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{area_blank1_title}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_blank1_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_blank1_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_blank1_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_blank1_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|blank1|on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}{{{area_blank2_ha|}}}{{{area_blank2_acre|}}}{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_blank2_title|}}}{{{area_blank2_dunam|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{area_blank2_title}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_blank2_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_blank2_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_blank2_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_blank2_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|blank2|on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{area_note|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{{area_note}}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}} }}&lt;!-- ***Elevation*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''Ku tlakuka'''{{{elevation_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m   ={{{elevation_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{elevation_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{elevation_max_m|}}}{{{elevation_max_ft|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Highest&amp;nbsp;elevation{{{elevation_max_footnotes|}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m   ={{{elevation_max_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{elevation_max_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{elevation_max_rank|}}}|&lt;!-- ***Elevation max rank*** --&gt;
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;Rank'''&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{elevation_max_rank}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
}}{{#if:{{{elevation_min_m|}}}{{{elevation_min_ft|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;{{#if:{{{elevation_min_rank|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Lowest&amp;nbsp;elevation{{{elevation_min_footnotes|}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m   ={{{elevation_min_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{elevation_min_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{elevation_min_rank|}}}|&lt;!-- ***Elevation min rank*** --&gt;
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;Rank'''&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{elevation_min_rank}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
}}&lt;!-- ***Population*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{population|}}}{{{population_total|}}}{{{population_urban|}}}{{{population_rural|}}}{{{population_metro|}}}{{{population_blank1|}}}{{{population_blank2|}}}{{{population_est|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
{{#if:{{{population|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;'''Inani labantu''' {{#if:{{{population_as_of|}}}|({{{population_as_of}}})}}{{{population_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{formatnum:{{{population}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
|&lt;td {{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&amp;nbsp;||colspan=&quot;2&quot;}}&gt;'''Ntsengo wa vanhu'''
{{#if:{{{population_as_of|}}}|({{{population_as_of}}})}}{{{population_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}
{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&amp;nbsp;||&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{population_total|}}}|
{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&amp;nbsp;||&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{#if:{{{total_type|}}}|{{{total_type}}}|{{#if:{{{population_metro|}}}{{{population_urban|}}}{{{population_rural|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_km2|}}}{{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}|{{#if:{{{settlement_type|{{{type|}}}}}}|{{{settlement_type|{{{type}}}}}}|Doroba}}|Hinkwavo}}}}&lt;/th&gt;}}
&lt;td&gt;{{formatnum:{{{population_total}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{population_est|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;Ndzinganiso'''&amp;nbsp;({{{pop_est_as_of}}})&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{formatnum:{{{population_est}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{population_rank|}}}|&lt;!-- ***Population rank*** --&gt;
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;Vuyimo'''&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{population_rank}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{infobox_settlement/checkauto
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_total|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_total_dunam|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_total_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_total_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_total_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}
    }}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;Ntlimbano'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/densdisp
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_total|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_total_dunam|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_total_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_total_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_total_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{population_density_rank|}}}|&lt;!-- ***Population density rank*** --&gt;
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;Ntlimbano&amp;nbsp;vuyimo'''&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{population_density_rank}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;[[Urban area|Urban]]'''{{{population_urban_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{formatnum:{{{population_urban}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{infobox_settlement/checkauto
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_urban|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_urban_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_urban_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_urban_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_urban_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;Urban&amp;nbsp;density'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/densdisp
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_urban|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_urban_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_urban_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_urban_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_urban_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{population_rural|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;[[Rural area|Rural]]'''{{{population_rural_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{formatnum:{{{population_rural}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{infobox_settlement/checkauto
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_rural_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_rural_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_rural|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_rural_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_rural_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_rural_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_rural_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;Rural&amp;nbsp;density'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/densdisp
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_rural_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_rural_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_rural|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_rural_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_rural_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_rural_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_rural_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{population_metro|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;[[Metropolitan area|Metro]]'''{{{population_metro_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{formatnum:{{{population_metro}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{infobox_settlement/checkauto
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_metro|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_metro_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_metro_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_metro_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_metro_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;'''•&amp;nbsp;Metro&amp;nbsp;density'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/densdisp
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_metro|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_metro_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_metro_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_metro_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_metro_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{population_blank1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{population_blank1_title|}}}{{{population_blank1_footnotes|}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{formatnum:{{{population_blank1}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{infobox_settlement/checkauto
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_blank1|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_blank1_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_blank1_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_blank1_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_blank1_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{population_blank1_title|}}} Density&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/densdisp
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_blank1|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_blank1_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_blank1_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_blank1_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_blank1_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{population_blank2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{population_blank2_title|}}}{{{population_blank2_footnotes|}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{formatnum:{{{population_blank2}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{infobox_settlement/checkauto
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_blank2|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_blank2_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_blank2_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_blank2_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_blank2_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{population_blank2_title|}}} Density&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{infobox_settlement/densdisp
      |/km2 ={{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}
      |/sqmi={{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}}
      |pop  ={{{population_blank2|}}}
      |ha   ={{{area_blank2_ha|}}}
      |km2  ={{{area_blank2_km2|}}}
      |acre ={{{area_blank2_acre|}}}
      |sqmi ={{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}}
      |dunam={{{area_blank2_dunam|}}}
      |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{population_note|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{{population_note}}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demonym|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''[[Igama Labantu Abahlala Kuleyondawo|ILAK]]'''&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demonym}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- ***Demographics 1*** --&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;'''{{{demographics_type1}}}'''{{{demographics1_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{demographics1_title1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics1_title1}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics1_info1}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics1_title2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics1_title2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics1_info2}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics1_title3|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics1_title3}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics1_info3}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics1_title4|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics1_title4}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics1_info4}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics1_title5|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics1_title5}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics1_info5}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;&lt;!-- ***Demographics 2*** --&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;'''{{{demographics_type2}}}'''{{{demographics2_footnotes|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{demographics2_title1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics2_title1}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics2_info1}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics2_title2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics2_title2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics2_info2}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics2_title3|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics2_title3}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics2_info3}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics2_title4|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics2_title4}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics2_info4}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{demographics2_title5|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{demographics2_title5}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{demographics2_info5}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}} }}}}}}&lt;!-- ***Time Zones*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{timezone1|{{{timezone|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{#if:{{{timezone2|}}}|[[Nkarhi wa ndzhawu]]|[[Nkarhi wa ndzhawu]]}}&lt;/th&gt; 
&lt;td&gt;{{{timezone1|{{{timezone}}}}}} {{#if:{{{utc_offset1|{{{utc_offset|}}} }}}|([[UTC{{{utc_offset1|{{{utc_offset}}}}}}]])}}&lt;/td&gt;{{#if:{{{timezone2|}}}|&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt; &lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{timezone2}}} {{#if:{{{utc_offset2|{{{utc_offset2|}}} }}}|([[UTC{{{utc_offset2|{{{utc_offset2}}}}}}]])}}&lt;/td&gt;}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{timezone1_DST|{{{timezone_DST|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Ximumu&amp;nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]])&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{timezone1_DST|{{{timezone_DST|}}}}}} ([[UTC{{{utc_offset1_DST|{{{utc_offset_DST|}}}}}}]])&lt;/td&gt;{{#if:{{{timezone2_DST|}}}|&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{timezone2_DST}}} ([[UTC{{{utc_offset2_DST}}}]])&lt;/td&gt;}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
}} }}&lt;!-- ***Postal Code(s)*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{postal_code_type|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{postal_code_type}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;adr&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;{{{postal_code|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{postal2_code_type|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{postal2_code_type}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;adr&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;{{{postal2_code|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}} }}&lt;!-- ***Area Code(s)*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{area_code|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{#if:{{{area_code_type|}}}|{{{area_code_type}}}|[[Telephone numbering plan|khodi ya riqingo]]}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{area_code|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- Geocode--&gt;
{{#if:{{{geocode|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;[[Geocode]]&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;nickname&quot;&gt;{{{geocode}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ISO Code--&gt;
{{#if:{{{iso_code|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;[[ISO 3166|ISO 3166 (khodi)]]&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td class=&quot;nickname&quot;&gt;{{{iso_code}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- Vehicle registration plate--&gt;
{{#if:{{{registration_plate|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;[[Vehicle registration plate|Vehicle registration]]&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{registration_plate}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Twin Cities*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{twin1|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[[List of twin towns and sister cities|Twin cities]]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{twin1}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{twin1_country}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{twin2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{twin2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{twin2_country}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{twin3|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{twin3}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{twin3_country}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{twin4|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{twin4}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{twin4_country}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{twin5|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{twin5}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{twin5_country}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{twin6|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{twin6}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{twin6_country}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{twin7|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{twin7}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{twin7_country}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{twin8|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{twin8}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{twin8_country}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{twin9|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;{{{twin9}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{twin9_country}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}}}&lt;!-- ***Blank Fields (two sections)*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{blank_name_sec1|{{{blank_name|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank_name_sec1|{{{blank_name|}}}}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank_info_sec1|{{{blank_info|}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank1_name_sec1|{{{blank1_name|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank1_name_sec1|{{{blank1_name|}}}}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank1_info_sec1|{{{blank1_info|}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank2_name_sec1|{{{blank2_name|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank2_name_sec1|{{{blank2_name|}}}}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank2_info_sec1|{{{blank2_info|}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank3_name_sec1|{{{blank3_name|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank3_name_sec1|{{{blank3_name}}}}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank3_info_sec1|{{{blank3_info}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank4_name_sec1|{{{blank4_name|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank4_name_sec1|{{{blank4_name|}}}}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank4_info_sec1|{{{blank4_info|}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank5_name_sec1|{{{blank5_name|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank5_name_sec1|{{{blank5_name|}}}}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank5_info_sec1|{{{blank5_info|}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank6_name_sec1|{{{blank6_name|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank6_name_sec1|{{{blank6_name|}}}}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank6_info_sec1|{{{blank6_info|}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank7_name_sec1|{{{blank7_name|}}}}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank7_name_sec1|{{{blank7_name|}}}}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank7_info_sec1|{{{blank7_info|}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank_name_sec2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank_name_sec2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank_info_sec2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank1_name_sec2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank1_name_sec2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank1_info_sec2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank2_name_sec2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank2_name_sec2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank2_info_sec2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank3_name_sec2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank3_name_sec2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank3_info_sec2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank4_name_sec2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank4_name_sec2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank4_info_sec2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank5_name_sec2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank5_name_sec2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank5_info_sec2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank6_name_sec2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank6_name_sec2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank6_info_sec2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;}}
{{#if:{{{blank7_name_sec2|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;{{{blank7_name_sec2}}}&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{blank7_info_sec2|}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***GDP Nominal*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{gdp_nominal|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
{{#if:{{{gdp_nominal|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;'''GDP''' 
{{#if:{{{gdp_nominal_as_of|}}}|'''({{{gdp_nominal_as_of}}})'''}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{gdp_nominal}}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}
}}&lt;!-- ***GDP Per Capita*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{gdp_per_capita|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
{{#if:{{{gdp_per_capita|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;'''GDP per capita 
{{#if:{{{gdp_percapita_as_of|}}}|'''({{{gdp_percapita_as_of}}})'''}}
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{gdp_per_capita}}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Ingosi*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{ingosi|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Ingosi&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{{ingosi}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}&lt;!-- ***Footnotes*** --&gt;
{{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}|
&lt;tr class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left; font-size:smaller&quot;&gt;{{{footnotes}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>o8nz0gj749jh6nlzitz0bnp41eacj8l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Location map</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6600</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35842</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:35:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{location map+ | {{{1|World}}} | border = {{{border|}}} | alt = {{{alt|}}} | caption_undefined = {{#ifeq: {{{caption|+}}} | {{{caption|-}}} || defined }} | capti...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35842</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1010" sha1="schje779sc5fg6i9f7u7eymit7mn09m" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{location map+
| {{{1|World}}}
| border = {{{border|}}}
| alt = {{{alt|}}}
| caption_undefined = {{#ifeq: {{{caption|+}}} | {{{caption|-}}} || defined }}
| caption = {{{caption|}}}
| label = {{{label|}}}
| float = {{{float|}}}
| width = {{{width|}}}
| relief= {{{relief|}}}
| AlternativeMap = {{{AlternativeMap|}}}
| overlay_image = {{{overlay_image|}}}
| places = {{Location map~
  | {{{1|World}}}
  | label = {{{label|}}}
  | label_size = {{{label_size|}}}
  | label_width = {{{label_width|}}}
  | mark = {{{mark|}}}
  | marksize = {{{marksize|}}}
  | alt = {{{alt}}}
  | position = {{{position|}}}
  | background = {{{background|}}}
  | link = {{{link|}}}
  | lat_dir = {{{lat_dir|}}}
  | lat_deg = {{{lat_deg|}}}
  | lat_min = {{{lat_min|}}}
  | lat_sec = {{{lat_sec|}}}
  | lon_deg = {{{lon_deg|}}}
  | lon_min = {{{lon_min|}}}
  | lon_sec = {{{lon_sec|}}}
  | lon_dir = {{{lon_dir|}}}
  | lat = {{{lat|}}}
  | long = {{{long|}}}
  }}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>schje779sc5fg6i9f7u7eymit7mn09m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Location map+</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6601</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35843</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:36:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|center|&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt; }}&lt;div {{#if:{{{caption|}}}|class=&quot;thumb {{#switch:{{{float|}}}   | &quot;left&quot;   | left    = tleft   | &quot;right&quot;  | rig...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35843</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2380" sha1="ff9kiephkftshfj0tsrqn89avlqtats" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|center|&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
}}&lt;div {{#if:{{{caption|}}}|class=&quot;thumb {{#switch:{{{float|}}}
  | &quot;left&quot;   | left    = tleft
  | &quot;right&quot;  | right   = tright
  | &quot;center&quot; | center  = tnone
  | &quot;none&quot;   | none    = tnone
  | #default = tright }}&quot;
| style=&quot;width:{{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|240}}px; {{#switch:{{{float|}}}
  | &quot;left&quot;   | left     = float: left; clear: left
  | &quot;right&quot;  | right    = float: right; clear: right
  | &quot;center&quot; | center   = float: none; clear: both; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto
  | &quot;none&quot;   | none     = float: none; clear: none
  | #default = float: right; clear: right}}&quot;
}}&gt;
&lt;div {{#if:{{{caption|}}}
| class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;width:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|240}} + 2 }}px; {{#if:{{{border|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{border|}}}|none|border: none|border-color:{{{border}}}}};}} 
| width:{{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|240}}px; padding:0;&quot;
}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; {{#if:{{{caption|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{border|}}}
     | {{#ifeq:{{{border|}}}|none||border: 1px solid lightgray}}
	 | border: 1px solid lightgray}}}}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;[[file:{{#if:{{{AlternativeMap|}}}|{{{AlternativeMap}}}|{{#if:{{{relief|}}}|{{#if:{{Location map {{{1}}}|image1}}|{{Location map {{{1}}}|image1}}|{{Location map {{{1|}}}|image}} }}|{{Location map  {{{1|}}}|image}} }} }}|{{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|240}}px|{{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{{alt}}}|{{#if:{{{label|}}}|{{{label}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}} is located in {{Location map {{{1}}}|name}}}}]]&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{overlay_image|}}}
   | &lt;div style=&quot;position:absolute; z-index: 1; top: 0; left: 0;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{overlay_image}}} |{{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|240}}px|link=file:{{#if: {{{AlternativeMap|}}}|{{{AlternativeMap}}} |{{#if: {{{relief|}}}|{{#if: {{Location map {{{1}}}|image1}}|{{Location map {{{1}}}|image1}}|{{Location map {{{1|}}}|image}} }}|{{Location map {{{1|}}}|image}} }} }}]]&lt;/div&gt;}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{{places|}}}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div {{#if:{{{caption|}}}|class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;|style=&quot;font-size: 90%; padding-top:3px;&quot;}}&gt;{{#if:{{{caption_undefined|}}}
  | {{#if: {{{label|}}}
    | {{{label}}}
    | {{PAGENAME}}
    }} ({{Location map {{{1}}}|name}})
  | {{{caption|{{#if: {{{label|}}}
    | {{{label}}}
    | {{PAGENAME}}
    }} ({{Location map {{{1}}}|name}}) }}}
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{float|}}}|center|
&lt;/div&gt;}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ff9kiephkftshfj0tsrqn89avlqtats</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Geobox coor</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6602</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35844</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:36:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;{{#if:{{{wrap|}}}||white-space: nowrap;}}&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{3|}}}| {{coord|{{{1|0}}}|{{{2|0}}}|{{{3|0}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{{4}}}|N}}|{{{5|0}}}|{{{6|0}}}|{{{7|...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35844</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="884" sha1="a3t2j375sblcvapte40udjq6rck5t2y" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;{{#if:{{{wrap|}}}||white-space: nowrap;}}&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{3|}}}|
{{coord|{{{1|0}}}|{{{2|0}}}|{{{3|0}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{{4}}}|N}}|{{{5|0}}}|{{{6|0}}}|{{{7|0}}}|{{#if:{{{8|}}}|{{{8}}}|E}}|{{{9|type:other}}}|format={{{format|dms}}}|display={{#if:{{{title|}}}|inline,title|inline}} }}| {{#if:{{{2|}}}|
{{coord|{{{1|0}}}|{{{2|0}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{{4}}}|N}}|{{{5|0}}}|{{{6|0}}}|{{#if:{{{8|}}}|{{{8}}}|E}}|{{{9|type:other}}}|format={{{format|dms}}}|display={{#if:{{{title|}}}|inline,title|inline}}}}| {{#if:{{{4|}}}| 
{{coord|{{{1|0}}}|{{{4|N}}}|{{{5|0}}}|{{{8|E}}}|{{{9|type:other}}}|format={{{format|dec}}}|display={{#if:{{{title|}}}|inline,title|inline}}}}| {{#if:{{{1|}}}|
{{coord|{{{1|0}}}|{{{5|0}}}|{{{9|type:other}}}|format={{{format|dec}}}|display={{#if:{{{title|}}}|inline,title|inline}}}}}}}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a3t2j375sblcvapte40udjq6rck5t2y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Location map South Africa</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6603</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35845</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:38:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:{{{1}}} | name   = South Africa | top    = -21.8 | bottom = -35.2 | left   = 16.0 | right  = 33.2 | image  = South Africa location map.svg | image1 = South Africa ph...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35845</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="461" sha1="6a5obbluwsuqiey93q5cpcrli3rviyd" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1}}}
| name   = South Africa
| top    = -21.8
| bottom = -35.2
| left   = 16.0
| right  = 33.2
| image  = South Africa location map.svg
| image1 = South Africa physical map.svg
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Location map/Info}}

[[Category:Location map by country templates|South Africa]]
[[Category:South Africa location map templates| ]]

[[dsb:Pśedłoga:LocMap Pódpołdnjoafrikańska republika]]
[[hsb:Předłoha:LocMap Južnoafriska republika]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6a5obbluwsuqiey93q5cpcrli3rviyd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Location map/Info</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6604</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35846</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:39:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;contentSub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;subpages&quot;&gt;&lt; [[Template:Location map]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--   Automatically add {{pp-template}} to protected templates. --&gt;{{template...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35846</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2741" sha1="m7gynebmhesio9y7e45gdxmlevgxayg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;contentSub&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;subpages&quot;&gt;&lt; [[Template:Location map]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--
  Automatically add {{pp-template}} to protected templates.
--&gt;{{template other
| {{#ifeq: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}} | sysop
  | {{pp-template}}
  | {{#if: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}
    | {{pp-template}}
    | &lt;!--Not protected, or only semi-move-protected--&gt;
    }}
  }}
}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; margin-top:0;&quot;
|+ Location map of {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|name}}
|-
! name
|colspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|name}}]]
|-
{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}|
!rowspan=&quot;4&quot;{{!}}border&lt;br/&gt;coordinates
{{!}}-
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot;{{!}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}
{{!}}-
{{!}}style=&quot;width:7em;&quot;{{!}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}
{{!}} ←↕→
{{!}}style=&quot;width:7em;&quot;{{!}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}} {{#ifexpr: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}} &gt; 180 | ({{#expr: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}} - 360 }})}}
{{!}}-
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot;{{!}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}}
{{!}}-
! map center
{{!}}colspan=&quot;4&quot;{{!}} {{coord|{{#expr:({{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|top}}+{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bottom}})/2}}|{{#expr:({{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}+{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}} {{#ifexpr:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|right}}&lt; {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|left}}| + 360}})/2}}}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}|
! x
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;overflow: auto; white-space: auto; width: 350px&quot;{{!}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|x}}
{{!}}-
! y
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;overflow: auto; white-space: auto; width: 350px&quot;{{!}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|y}}
{{!}}-
}}
! image
|colspan=&quot;3&quot;| &lt;tt&gt;[[:Image:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}]]&lt;/tt&gt;
|-
|colspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[image:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image}}|400x400px|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]
|-
{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}|
! image1
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot;{{!}} &lt;tt&gt;[[:Image:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}]]&lt;/tt&gt;
{{!}}-
{{!}}colspan=&quot;4&quot;{{!}}[[image:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image1}}|400x400px|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}|
! image2
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot;{{!}} &lt;tt&gt;[[:Image:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}]]&lt;/tt&gt;
{{!}}-
{{!}}colspan=&quot;4&quot;{{!}}[[image:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|image2}}|400x400px|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|skew}} |
! skew
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot;{{!}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|skew}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lat_skew}} |
! lat_skew
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot;{{!}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lat_skew}}
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|mark}} |
! mark
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot;{{!}} &lt;tt&gt;[[:File:{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|mark}}|{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|mark}}]]&lt;/tt&gt;
{{!}}-
}}
{{#if: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|marksize}} |
! marksize
{{!}}colspan=&quot;3&quot;{{!}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|marksize}}
{{!}}-
}}
|}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!--categories and interwikis should be placed in /doc, not here--&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>m7gynebmhesio9y7e45gdxmlevgxayg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Location map~</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6605</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35847</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:40:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr:{{#if:{{Location map {{{1}}}|y}}| {{Location map {{{1}}}|y|{{Location map/decdeg |dec = {{{lat|}}} |deg =...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35847</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3995" sha1="c2hy6wfny7i2222j5jbku9apriqgdof" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: {{#expr:{{#if:{{Location map {{{1}}}|y}}|
{{Location map {{{1}}}|y|{{Location map/decdeg
|dec = {{{lat|}}}
|deg = {{{lat_deg|}}}
|min = {{{lat_min|}}}
|sec = {{{lat_sec|}}}
|hem = {{{lat_dir|}}}}}|{{Location map/decdeg
|dec = {{{long|}}}
|deg = {{{lon_deg|}}}
|min = {{{lon_min|}}}
|sec = {{{lon_sec|}}}
|hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}}}}|100 * ({{Location map {{{1}}}|top}} - {{Location map/decdeg
|dec = {{{lat|}}}
|deg = {{{lat_deg|}}}
|min = {{{lat_min|}}}
|sec = {{{lat_sec|}}}
|hem = {{{lat_dir|}}}}}) / ({{Location map {{{1}}}|top}} - {{Location map {{{1}}}|bottom}}) round 1
}}}}%; left: {{#expr:{{#if:{{Location map {{{1}}}|x}}|
{{Location map {{{1}}}|x|{{Location map/decdeg
|dec = {{{lat|}}}
|deg = {{{lat_deg|}}}
|min = {{{lat_min|}}}
|sec = {{{lat_sec|}}}
|hem = {{{lat_dir|}}}}}|{{Location map/decdeg
|dec = {{{long|}}}
|deg = {{{lon_deg|}}}
|min = {{{lon_min|}}}
|sec = {{{lon_sec|}}}
|hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}}}}|{{#expr:{{#if:{{Location map {{{1}}}|crosses180}}|{{#ifeq: {{{lon_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{Location map {{{1}}}|left}}-{{Location map {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}}}} + 100 * ({{Location map/decdeg
|dec = {{{long|}}}
|deg = {{{lon_deg|}}}
|min = {{{lon_min|}}}
|sec = {{{lon_sec|}}}
|hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}} - {{Location map {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{Location map {{{1}}}|right}} - {{Location map {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1
}}}}%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{marksize|}}}
  | left: -{{#expr: {{{marksize}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{{marksize}}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{{marksize}}}px; font-size: {{{marksize}}}px;
  | left: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; top: -{{#expr: {{#if: {{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}} / 2 round 0 }}px; width: {{#if: {{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}}px; font-size: {{#if: {{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}}px; z-index:100; 
}}&quot;&gt;[[File:{{#if: {{{mark|}}}
  | {{{mark}}}
  | {{#if: {{Location map {{{1}}}|mark}}|{{Location map {{{1}}}|mark}}|Red pog.svg}}
}}|{{#if: {{{marksize|}}}
  | {{{marksize}}}x{{{marksize}}}
  | {{#if: {{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}}x{{#if: {{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|{{Location map {{{1}}}|marksize}}|8}}
}}px|{{#if: {{{label|}}} 
  | {{{label}}} 
  | {{PAGENAME}} 
}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]]&lt;/div&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{position|}}} | none
  |
  |&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: {{{label_size|90}}}%; line-height: 110%; z-index:90; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: {{#if:{{{label_width|}}}|{{{label_width}}}|6}}em; {{#switch: {{{position}}}
    |left = left: -6.5em; text-align: right;
    |right = left: 0.5em; text-align: left;
    |top = top:-2.65em; left:-3em; text-align: center;
    |bottom = top:-0.15em; left: -3em; text-align: center;
    |#default={{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{Location map {{{1}}}|x}}|
{{Location map {{{1}}}|x|{{Location map/decdeg
|dec = {{{lat|}}}
|deg = {{{lat_deg|}}}
|min = {{{lat_min|}}}
|sec = {{{lat_sec|}}}
|hem = {{{lat_dir|}}}}}|{{Location map/decdeg
|dec = {{{long|}}}
|deg = {{{lon_deg|}}}
|min = {{{lon_min|}}}
|sec = {{{lon_sec|}}}
|hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}}}}|{{#expr:{{#if:{{Location map {{{1}}}|crosses180}}|{{#ifeq: {{{lon_dir|}}}|W|-36000/({{Location map {{{1}}}|left}}-{{Location map {{{1}}}|right}})|}}|}}}} + 100 * ({{Location map/decdeg
|dec = {{{long|}}}
|deg = {{{lon_deg|}}}
|min = {{{lon_min|}}}
|sec = {{{lon_sec|}}}
|hem = {{{lon_dir|}}}}} - {{Location map {{{1}}}|left}}) / ({{Location map {{{1}}}|right}} - {{Location map {{{1}}}|left}}) round 1
}} &gt; 70|left: -6.5em; text-align: right;|left: 0.5em; text-align: left;}}
  }}&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;padding: 1px; {{#if: {{{background|}}}
    | background-color: {{{background}}};
  }}&quot;&gt;{{{label|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>c2hy6wfny7i2222j5jbku9apriqgdof</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Location map Limpopo</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6606</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35848</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:42:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:{{{1}}} |name=Limpopo |top=-22 |bottom=-25.5 |left=26.25 |right=32 |image=Blank map of Limpopo (2016).svg }}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Location map/Info}}  Category:South Afric...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35848</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="223" sha1="hh1nudhfbjslravyky2ym7gfjvji984" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1}}}
|name=Limpopo
|top=-22
|bottom=-25.5
|left=26.25
|right=32
|image=Blank map of Limpopo (2016).svg
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Location map/Info}}

[[Category:South Africa location map templates|Limpopo]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hh1nudhfbjslravyky2ym7gfjvji984</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template other</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6607</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35849</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:43:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:   &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;   {{#if:{{{demospace|}}}   | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;   | {...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35849</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="435" sha1="0tcssjmltwl7y5v3f5wj2kqciaabqly" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:
  &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;
  {{#if:{{{demospace|}}}
  | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;
  | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Template}}
    | template
    | other
    }}
  }}
| template = {{{1|}}}
| other
| #default = {{{2|}}}
}}&lt;!--End switch--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0tcssjmltwl7y5v3f5wj2kqciaabqly</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Location map/decdeg</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6608</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35850</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:45:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#if:{{{deg|}}}  |{{#expr: (   {{#switch: {{{hem|{{{4|}}}}}}     | W|w|S|s = -1     | E|e|N|n = 1     | #default = 1   }}   * (   {{#if:{{{deg|{{{1|}}}}}}|{{{deg|{{{1}}}}}}|0...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35850</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="415" sha1="eynqgz6wghq752tx4wpqlflgis4xl92" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{deg|}}}
 |{{#expr: (
  {{#switch: {{{hem|{{{4|}}}}}}
    | W|w|S|s = -1
    | E|e|N|n = 1
    | #default = 1
  }}
  * (
  {{#if:{{{deg|{{{1|}}}}}}|{{{deg|{{{1}}}}}}|0}}
  +
  {{#if:{{{min|{{{2|}}}}}}|{{{min|{{{2}}}}}}/60|0}}
  +
  {{#if:{{{sec|{{{3|}}}}}}|{{{sec|{{{3}}}}}}/3600|0}} )
) round {{#if: {{{rnd|{{{5|}}}}}} | {{{rnd|{{{5|}}}}}} | 7 }}
 }}|{{{dec|}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>eynqgz6wghq752tx4wpqlflgis4xl92</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox settlement/areadisp</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6609</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35892</id>
      <parentid>35851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T18:12:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35892</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7419" sha1="72m99yd9fkd0v3v97chz65hipuclwn9" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{infobox settlement/{{infobox settlement/pref|{{{pref}}}|{{{name}}}|area}}{{#if:{{{mag|}}}|/mag}}
   |metv={{#if:{{{ha|}}}{{{km2|}}}
      |{{#if:{{{ha|}}}|{{{ha}}}|{{{km2}}}}}
      |{{#if:{{{dunam|}}}
         |{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}&lt;1E3
           |{{rnd&lt;!--               convert dunams to hectares                 --&gt;
               |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}/10}}
               |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}}+1)
             }}&lt;!--                  end rnd                                   --&gt;
           |{{rnd&lt;!--                convert dunams to square kilometres       --&gt;
               |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}/1E3}}
               |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}}+3)
             }}&lt;!--                  end rnd                                   --&gt;
          }}&lt;!--                     end #ifexpr:...{{{dunam}}}...&lt;1E3         --&gt;
         |{{#if:{{{acre|}}}
            |{{rnd&lt;!--               convert acres to hectares                 --&gt;
               |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}*0.4046856422}}
               |{{max/2&lt;!--          output at least one sig fig               --&gt;
                  |{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}}}
                  |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}*0.4046856422}}}}
                }}&lt;!--               end max2                                  --&gt;
             }}&lt;!--                  end rnd                                   --&gt;
            |{{rnd&lt;!--               convert square miles to square kilometres --&gt;
               |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}*2.589988110336}}
               |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}}}-1)
             }}&lt;!--                  end rnd                                   --&gt;
          }}&lt;!--                     end #if:{{{acre|}}}                       --&gt;
       }}&lt;!--                        end #if:{{{dunam|}}}                      --&gt;
    }}&lt;!--                           end #if:{{{ha|}}}{{{km2|}}}               --&gt;
   |metu={{#if:{{{ha|}}}{{#if:{{{km2|}}}
              |
              |{{#if:{{{dunam|}}}
                 |{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}&lt;1E3|X}}
                 |{{{acre|}}}
               }}
            }}
      |ha
      |km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
    }}
   |impv={{#if:{{{acre|}}}{{{sqmi|}}}
      |{{#if:{{{acre|}}}|{{{acre}}}|{{{sqmi}}}}}
      |{{#if:{{{ha|}}}{{{km2|}}}
         |{{#if:{{{ha|}}}
            |{{rnd&lt;!--               convert hectares to acres                 --&gt;
               |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}/0.4046856422}}
               |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}}}-1)
             }}&lt;!--                  end rnd                                   --&gt;
            |{{rnd&lt;!--               convert square kilometres to square miles --&gt;
               |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}/2.589988110336}}
               |{{max/2&lt;!-- output at least one sig fig                        --&gt;
                  |{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}}}
                  |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}/2.589988110336}}}}
                }}&lt;!--               end max2                                  --&gt;
             }}&lt;!--                  end rnd                                   --&gt;
          }}&lt;!--                     end #if:{{{ha|}}}                        --&gt;
         |{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}&lt;2589
            |{{rnd&lt;!--               convert dunams to acres                   --&gt;
               |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}/4.046856422}}
               |{{max/2&lt;!--     output at least one sig fig                    --&gt;
                  |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}})
                  |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}/4.046856422}}}}
                }}&lt;!--               end max2                                 --&gt;
             }}&lt;!--                  end rnd                                  --&gt;
            |{{rnd&lt;!--               convert dunams to square miles           --&gt;
               |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}/2589.988110336}}
               |{{max/2&lt;!--     output at least one sig fig                   --&gt;
                  |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}}+3)
                  |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}/2589.988110336}}}}
                }}&lt;!--               end max2                                 --&gt;
             }}&lt;!--                  end rnd                                  --&gt;
          }}&lt;!--                     end #ifexpr:...{{{dunam}}}...&lt;2589       --&gt;
       }}&lt;!--                        end #if:{{{ha|}}}{{{km2|}}}              --&gt;
     }}&lt;!--                          end #if:{{{acre|}}}{{{sqmi|}}}           --&gt;
   |impu={{#if:{{{acre|}}}{{#if:{{{sqmi|}}}
              |
              |{{{ha|}}}{{#if:{{{km2|}}}
                 |
                 |{{#ifexpr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}&lt;2589|X}}
               }}
            }}
      |acre
      |sq&amp;nbsp;mi
    }}
   |dunv={{#if:{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{pref}}}}}|dunam|{{{dunam|}}}|no dunams}}
           |{{{dunam}}}
           |{{#if:{{{ha|}}}{{{km2|}}}
              |{{#if:{{{km2|}}}
                 |{{rnd&lt;!--          convert square kilometres to dunams       --&gt;
                    |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}*1E3}}
                    |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}}}-3)
                  }}&lt;!--             end rnd                                   --&gt;
                 |{{rnd&lt;!--          convert hectares to dunams                --&gt;
                    |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}*10}}
                    |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}}}-1)
                  }}&lt;!--             end rnd                                   --&gt;
               }}&lt;!--                end #if:{{{km2|}}}                        --&gt;
              |{{#if:{{{sqmi|}}}
                 |{{rnd&lt;!--          convert square miles to dunams            --&gt;
                    |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}*2589.988110336}}
                    |{{max/2&lt;!--     output at least one sig fig               --&gt;
                       |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}}}-4)
                       |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}*2589.988110336}}}}
                     }}&lt;!--          end max2                                  --&gt;
                  }}&lt;!--             end rnd                                   --&gt;
                 |{{rnd&lt;!--          convert acres to dunams                   --&gt;
                    |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}*4.046856422}}
                    |{{max/2&lt;!--     output at least one sig fig               --&gt;
                       |({{precision|{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}}}-1)
                       |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}*4.046856422}}}}
                     }}&lt;!--          end max2                                  --&gt;
                  }}&lt;!--             end rnd                                   --&gt;
               }}&lt;!--                end #if:{{{sqmi|}}}                       --&gt;
            }}&lt;!--                   end #if:{{{ha|}}}{{{km2|}}}               --&gt;
         }}
   |dunu={{#if:{{{link|}}}|[[dunam]]|dunam}}
}}{{#ifeq:{{{1|♠}}}{{{2|♠}}}{{{3|♠}}}{{{4|♠}}}{{{5|♠}}}{{{6|♠}}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>72m99yd9fkd0v3v97chz65hipuclwn9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox settlement/checkauto</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6610</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35852</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:46:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#iferror:   {{#switch:auto     |{{{/km2|}}}|{{{/sqmi|}}}=&lt;!--     --&gt;{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}/({{{dunam|}}}+{{{ha|}}}+{{{km2|}}}+{{{acre|}}}+{{{sqmi|}}}+0)|R}}}}     |...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35852</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="298" sha1="h4bao2wfni5efxfx9ebhpk2mg5xtb9k" xml:space="preserve">{{#iferror:
  {{#switch:auto
    |{{{/km2|}}}|{{{/sqmi|}}}=&lt;!--
    --&gt;{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}/({{{dunam|}}}+{{{ha|}}}+{{{km2|}}}+{{{acre|}}}+{{{sqmi|}}}+0)|R}}}}
    |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{/km2|}}}|R}}}}{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{/sqmi|}}}|R}}}}
  }}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h4bao2wfni5efxfx9ebhpk2mg5xtb9k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox settlement/densdisp</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6611</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35894</id>
      <parentid>35853</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T18:13:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35894</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10035" sha1="sswjfgon9r5ponht3bs8ks3hhjqqnyx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:
   {{#iferror:{{#expr:-{{formatnum:{{{/km2}}}|R}}}}
     |{{#iferror:{{#expr:-{{formatnum:{{{/sqmi}}}|R}}}}
        |{{#switch:auto
           |{{{/km2}}}|{{{/sqmi}}}={{#iferror:{{#expr:-{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}
                   ||{{#ifexpr:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ha|}}}|R}}}}}}
                              +{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{km2|}}}|R}}}}}}
                              +{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{acre|}}}|R}}}}}}
                              +{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{sqmi|}}}|R}}}}}}
                              +{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam|}}}|R}}}}}}
                              +0
                              &gt;0
                       |1}}
                 }}
         }}
        |1
      }}
     |1
    }}
|{{infobox settlement/{{infobox settlement/pref|{{{pref}}}|{{{name}}}}}
   |metv={{#iferror:{{#expr:-{{formatnum:{{{/km2}}}|R}}}}
           |{{#iferror:{{#expr:-{{formatnum:{{{/sqmi}}}|R}}}}
              |{{#ifexpr:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{km2|}}}|R}}}}}}+0&gt;0
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(1+ln&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
                 |{{#ifexpr:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ha|}}}|R}}}}}}+0&gt;0
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:100*{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(-1+ln&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
                 |{{#ifexpr:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{dunam|}}}|R}}}}}}+0&gt;0
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:1000*{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(-2+ln&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
                 |{{#ifexpr:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{sqmi|}}}|R}}}}}}+0&gt;0
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}/2.589988110336}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(1.41329777+ln&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}/0.004046856422}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(-1.392882204+ln&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
               }}}}}}}}
              |{{rnd
                 |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{/sqmi}}}|R}}/2.589988110336}}
                 |{{max/2
                    |{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{/sqmi}}}|R}}}}
                    |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{/sqmi}}}|R}}/2.589988110336}}}}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
           |{{{/km2}}}
         }}
   |metu=km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
   |impv={{#iferror:{{#expr:-{{formatnum:{{{/sqmi}}}|R}}}}
           |{{#iferror:{{#expr:-{{formatnum:{{{/km2}}}|R}}}}
              |{{#ifexpr:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{sqmi|}}}|R}}}}}}+0&gt;0
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(1+ln({{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{sqmi}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
                 |{{#ifexpr:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{acre|}}}|R}}}}}}+0&gt;0
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:640*{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(-1.806179974+ln({{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{acre}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
                 |{{#ifexpr:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{km2|}}}|R}}}}}}+0&gt;0
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:2.589988110336*{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(0.58670223+ln(&lt;!--
                           --&gt;{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{km2}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
                 |{{#ifexpr:{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ha|}}}|R}}}}}}+0&gt;0
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:258.9988110336*{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(-1.41329777+ln(&lt;!--
                           --&gt;{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{ha}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
                 |{{rnd|{{#expr:2589.988110336*{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}}&lt;!--
                    --&gt;|{{#expr:(-2.41329777+ln(&lt;!--
                           --&gt;{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}^2/&lt;!--
                           --&gt;({{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;+{{formatnum:{{{pop}}}|R}}E-{{max/2&lt;!--
                           --&gt;|{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}}&lt;!-- 
                           --&gt;|(3-{{order of magnitude|{{formatnum:{{{dunam}}}|R}}}})}}&lt;!--
                           --&gt;/ln10)round0}}}}
               }}}}}}}}
              |{{rnd
                 |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{/km2}}}|R}}*2.589988110336}}
                 |{{max/2
                    |{{#expr:{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{/km2}}}|R}}}}-1}}
                    |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{/km2}}}|R}}*2.589988110336}}}}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
           |{{{/sqmi}}}
         }}
   |impu=sq&amp;nbsp;mi
   |s=/
  }}
}}{{#ifeq:{{{1|♠}}}{{{2|♠}}}{{{3|♠}}}{{{4|♠}}}{{{5|♠}}}{{{6|♠}}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sswjfgon9r5ponht3bs8ks3hhjqqnyx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox settlement/pref</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6612</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35854</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:47:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch:{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}   |Imperial   |English   |UK|US|U.S.   |US Customary|U.S. Customary   |Standard = impus   |{{#switch:{{{2}}}      |[[United Kingdom]...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35854</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1197" sha1="2pja88f1u5i621x8wes84c053q86zwz" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch:{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}
  |Imperial
  |English
  |UK|US|U.S.
  |US Customary|U.S. Customary
  |Standard = impus
  |{{#switch:{{{2}}}
     |[[United Kingdom]]|United Kingdom
     |[[United States]]|United States
     |[[United States of America]]|United States of America
     |[[United States|United States of America]]
     |[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[United States]] = impus
     |{{#ifeq:{{{3}}}_{{lc:{{{1}}}}}|area_dunam|dunam|metric}}
   }}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
==Usage==
This is a subtemplate of {{tl|Infobox settlement}}.  It is not indended to be used directly.  It is called by the following subtemplates.
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/areadisp}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/densdisp}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/lengthdisp}}
It determined whether these subtemplates call one of the metric-first display subtemplates,
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/metric}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/metric/mag}}
or one of the imperial/US customary-first display templates
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/impus}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/impus/mag}}

== See also ==
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/checkauto}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/link}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement cleaner}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2pja88f1u5i621x8wes84c053q86zwz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Rnd</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6613</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35855</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:48:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{2}}}}}|{{rndnear|{{{1}}}|1E{{#expr:{{order of magnitude|{{{1}}}}}-1}}}}|{{formatnum:    {{#ifexpr:({{{1|0}}})round({{{2|0}}})&gt;=0.0001      |...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2326" sha1="7fexdvdz4v6fbpmhdtj2uawrfqxrbb3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{2}}}}}|{{rndnear|{{{1}}}|1E{{#expr:{{order of magnitude|{{{1}}}}}-1}}}}|{{formatnum:
   {{#ifexpr:({{{1|0}}})round({{{2|0}}})&gt;=0.0001
     |{{#ifexpr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})&lt;1E9
        |{{#ifexpr:&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#expr:(({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})/1E5round0)E5}}={{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}
           |{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}&lt;=0
              |{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})E-5}}00000
              |{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})E-5}}0000{{rnd/-|0|{{{2}}}}}
            }}
           |{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}&lt;=0
              |{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}
              |{{rnd/-|{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}|{{{2}}}}}
            }}
         }}
        |{{rnd/e+
           |{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}
           |{{{2}}}
           |{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}}}}}
      }}
     |{{#ifexpr:({{{1|0}}})round({{{2|0}}})&lt;=-0.0001
        |{{#ifexpr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})&gt;-1E9
           |{{#ifexpr:&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#expr:(({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})/1E5round0)E5}}={{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}
              |{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}&lt;=0
                 |−{{#expr:-({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})E-5}}00000
                 |−{{#expr:-({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})E-5}}0000{{rnd/-|0|{{{2}}}}}
               }}
              |{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}&lt;=0
                 |−{{#expr:-({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}
                 |−{{rnd/-|-{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}|{{{2}}}}}
               }}
            }}
           |−{{rnd/e+
              |-{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}
              |{{{2}}}
              |{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}}}}}
         }}
        |{{#ifexpr:({{{1|0}}})round({{{2|0}}})=0
           |{{#ifexpr:{{{2|0}}}&lt;=0
              |0
              |{{rnd/-|0|{{{2}}}}}
            }}
           |{{#ifexpr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})&gt;0
              |{{rnd/e−
                 |{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}
                 |{{{2}}}
                 |{{Order of magnitude|({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}
               }}
              |−{{rnd/e−
                 |-{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}
                 |{{{2}}}
                 |{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:({{{1}}})round({{{2}}})}}}}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7fexdvdz4v6fbpmhdtj2uawrfqxrbb3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox settlement/metric</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35856</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:49:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{formatnum:{{{metv}}}{{{s|&amp;nbsp;}}}{{{metu|m}}} ({{{impv}}}{{{s|&amp;nbsp;}}}{{{impu|ft}}}{{#ifeq:{{{impv|0}}}|1||{{#ifeq:{{{s}}}|/||{{#ifeq:{{{impu}}}|acre|s}}}}}})...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1701" sha1="1fqwejfj7nl09mh1fid6yekmc89v3b8" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{formatnum:{{{metv}}}{{{s|&amp;nbsp;}}}{{{metu|m}}} ({{{impv}}}{{{s|&amp;nbsp;}}}{{{impu|ft}}}{{#ifeq:{{{impv|0}}}|1||{{#ifeq:{{{s}}}|/||{{#ifeq:{{{impu}}}|acre|s}}}}}})}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
==Usage==
This is a subtemplate of {{tl|Infobox settlement}}.  It is not indended to be used directly.  It is called by the following subtemplates.
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/areadisp}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/densdisp}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/lengthdisp}}
It displays a quantity in terms of metric units and imperial/US customary units.  The metric units are first with the imperial/US customary units in brackets as determined by {{tl|Infobox settlement/pref}}.

It takes the following parameters.
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{{metv}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (required) — the numerical value of the metric value
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{{impv}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (required) — the numerical value of the imperial/US value
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{{metu}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (optional: defaults to &quot;m&quot;) — the symbol/abbreviation of the metric unit (or inverse unit)
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{{impu}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (optional: defaults to &quot;ft&quot;) — the symbol/abbreviation of the imperial/US unit (or inverse unit)
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{{s}}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (optional: defaults to a non-breaking space) — the separator between numeral and (inverse) unit: set to &quot;/&quot; for inverse units

== See also ==
;Similar subtemplates of {{tlf|infoxbox settlement}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/metric/mag}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/impus}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/impus/mag}}

;Other subtemplates of {{tlf|infoxbox settlement}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/checkauto}}
*{{tl|Infobox settlement/link}}

;Cleaner
*{{tl|Infobox settlement cleaner}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1fqwejfj7nl09mh1fid6yekmc89v3b8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Rndnear</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35857</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T10:49:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{formatnum:    {{#ifexpr:(({{{1|0}}}/{{{2|1}}})round0)*({{{2|1}}})&gt;=0.0001      |{{#ifexpr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})&lt;1E9         |{{#ifexpr:&lt;!-- --&gt;{{#...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35857</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2733" sha1="gqyiutgybrhzv2h8lcimyac6gt7d3jv" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{formatnum:
   {{#ifexpr:(({{{1|0}}}/{{{2|1}}})round0)*({{{2|1}}})&gt;=0.0001
     |{{#ifexpr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})&lt;1E9
        |{{#ifexpr:&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#expr:((({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})/1E5round0)E5}}={{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}
           |{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}round0={{{2}}}
              |{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})E-5}}00000
              |{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})E-5}}0000{{rnd/-|0|{{precision|{{{2}}}}}}}
            }}
           |{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}round0={{{2}}}
              |{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}
              |{{rnd/-|{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}|{{precision|{{{2}}}}}}}
            }}
         }}
        |{{rnd/e+
           |{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}
           |{{precision|{{{2}}}}}
           |{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}}}}}
      }}
     |{{#ifexpr:(({{{1|0}}}/{{{2|1}}})round0)*({{{2|1}}})&lt;=-0.0001
        |{{#ifexpr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})&gt;-1E9
           |{{#ifexpr:&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#expr:((({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})/1E5round0)E5}}={{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}
              |{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}round0={{{2}}}
                 |−{{#expr:-(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})E-5}}00000
                 |−{{#expr:-(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})E-5}}0000{{rnd/-|0|{{precision|{{{2}}}}}}}
               }}
              |{{#ifexpr:{{{2}}}round0={{{2}}}
                 |−{{#expr:-(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}
                 |−{{rnd/-|-{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}|{{precision|{{{2}}}}}}}
               }}
            }}
           |−{{rnd/e+
              |-{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}
              |{{precision|{{{2}}}}}
              |{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}}}}}
         }}
        |{{#ifexpr:((({{{1|0}}}/{{{2|1}}})round0)*({{{2|1}}}))=0
           |{{#ifexpr:{{{2|1}}}round0={{{2|1}}}
              |0
              |{{rnd/-|0|{{precision|{{{2}}}}}}}
            }}
           |{{#ifexpr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})&gt;0
              |{{rnd/e−
                 |{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}
                 |{{precision|{{{2}}}}}
                 |{{Order of magnitude|(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}
               }}
              |−{{rnd/e−
                 |-{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}
                 |{{precision|{{{2}}}}}
                 |{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:(({{{1}}}/{{{2}}})round0)*({{{2}}})}}}}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gqyiutgybrhzv2h8lcimyac6gt7d3jv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Seshego</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6616</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37010</id>
      <parentid>35920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-23T19:27:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>https</comment>
      <origin>37010</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2615" sha1="4si4j96au0hlogmgswbg94k295nz6vw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Doroba ra Afrika-Dzonga
|name                   = Seshego
|native_name            =
|nickname               =
|motto                  =
|pushpin_map            = Limpopo
|pushpin_map_caption    = Ndzhawu ya doroba e xifundzeni xa Limpopo
|xifundza               = [[Limpopo]]
|muganga               = [[Capricorn]]
|masipala              = [[Polokwane]]
|area_total_km2         = 28.08
|elevation_m            =
|population_as_of       = 2011
|population_total       = 83,863
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;[https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/974043 Census 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;
|latd=23  |latm=51  |lats=  |latNS=S
|longd=29 |longm=23 |longs= |longEW=E
|language_source        = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
|language_year          = 2011
|language_name1         = xiPedi 
|language_value1        = 84.5%
|language_name2         = Xitsonga
|language_value2        = 3.1%
|language_name3         = xiVhenda
|language_value3        = 2.4%
|language_name4         = xiNghezi
|language_value4        = 2.1%
|language_name5         = Tin'wana
|language_value5        = 8.0%
|postal_code            = 0742
|area_code              = 015
|censuscode             =
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Seshego''' ixidorobhana lexi kumekaka eka masipala wa Polokwane e mugangenin wa Capricon, lowu nge xifundzeni xa [[Limpopo]] etikweni ra Afrika Dzonga. Xidorobhana lexi xikumeka en'walungu wa vupeladyambu bya dorobha ra Polokwane.

== Matimu ==
Exikarhi ka 1972 na 1974 Seshego a ku ri ntsindza wa khale ka tiko-xikaya ra Lebowa, leri herisiweke hi 1994.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://global.britannica.com/place/Lebowa|title=Lebowa|publisher=global.britannica|accessdate=2020-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Van'wamabindzu va kwalaho va tiveka hi ku humelerisa swakudya, swakunwa, fole, swiambalo, swiambalo, swilo swa dzovo, timhandzi ni swilo leswi endliweke hi ntsandza, swilo swa nsimbi, michini ni switirho. Vaaki va tala ku taka maendzo exikarhi ka Seshego na dorobha ra Polokwane hikwalaho ka ntirho.

== Swiyenge ==
Seshego u avanyisiwe hi tindhawu ta nhungu to tshama eka tona. Zone 1 endhawini yin'wana leyi vuriwaka Masakaneng, hilaha murhangeri wavandla ra politiki ra Economic Freedom Fighters, Julius Malema a kuleleke kona. Xidan'wana xa Seshego xikumeka eNambyeni wa Molatusi etlhelweni ra vupela-dyambu bya xidorobana.

== Vanhu Lava tivekaka ==

* Julius Marema murhangeri wa nhlangano wa Economic Freedom Fighters.
* Tamising Maweya- Dr Tumi, muyimbeleri wa evhangeli wa Afrika Dzonga tlhelo mutsari wa vunanga.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Madoroba ya Afrika Dzonga]]</text>
      <sha1>4si4j96au0hlogmgswbg94k295nz6vw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Max/2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6617</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35862</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T11:03:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}&lt;{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{pp-template|small=yes}}2-parameter version&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35862</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="138" sha1="lvjoe94gryfkytvbl99zej8yyac9nyd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}&lt;{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|small=yes}}2-parameter version&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lvjoe94gryfkytvbl99zej8yyac9nyd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Order of magnitude</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6618</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35863</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T11:04:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0}}}=0&lt;!--                     --&gt;|0&lt;!--                     --&gt;|{{order of magnitude/x&lt;!--                                --&gt;|{{{1}}}&lt;!--...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35863</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="366" sha1="9pxgdrj1ggzncqk6wnaa9bxhl0nfse1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0}}}=0&lt;!-- 
                   --&gt;|0&lt;!-- 
                   --&gt;|{{order of magnitude/x&lt;!--
                               --&gt;|{{{1}}}&lt;!--
                               --&gt;|{{#expr:floor(ln(abs({{{1}}}))/ln10)}}&lt;!--
                               --&gt;}}&lt;!--
                   --&gt;}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9pxgdrj1ggzncqk6wnaa9bxhl0nfse1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Location map South Africa Limpopo</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6619</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35864</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T11:06:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:{{{1}}} |name=Limpopo |top=-22 |bottom=-25.5 |left=26.25 |right=32 |image=Blank map of Limpopo (2016).svg }}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Location map/Info}}  Category:South Afric...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35864</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="223" sha1="hh1nudhfbjslravyky2ym7gfjvji984" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1}}}
|name=Limpopo
|top=-22
|bottom=-25.5
|left=26.25
|right=32
|image=Blank map of Limpopo (2016).svg
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Location map/Info}}

[[Category:South Africa location map templates|Limpopo]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hh1nudhfbjslravyky2ym7gfjvji984</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Order of magnitude/x</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6620</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35867</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T11:16:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#expr:{{{2|0}}}+( ( {{{1|0}}} )/10^{{{2|0}}}&gt;=10)}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;The purpose of this subtemplate is to correct a rounding error caused by #expr.&lt;/noi...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35867</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="182" sha1="pmi2pk84tpa6tnxgz9r2lp0a5y4caox" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#expr:{{{2|0}}}+( ( {{{1|0}}} )/10^{{{2|0}}}&gt;=10)}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;The purpose of this subtemplate is to correct a rounding error caused by #expr.&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pmi2pk84tpa6tnxgz9r2lp0a5y4caox</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Precision</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6621</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35868</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T11:16:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!-- --============================================================ -- Getprecision - Count decimal digits or in fraction (2+1/3) --================================...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35868</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8607" sha1="3gzld2n8id2y6kssvp4plp7bp51paf1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
--============================================================
-- Getprecision - Count decimal digits or in fraction (2+1/3)
--============================================================
--                          (see NOTES at bottom)
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{
#expr: ( 0 {{
#ifexpr: {{{1|0.0000}}}0={{{1|0.0000}}} |&lt;!--see NOTE Z7--&gt;
-1 +  &lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--see NOTE S5--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{#switch: x{{{1|0.0000}}}
  |{{padleft:|6|x{{{1}}}}}=5
  |{{padleft:|5|x{{{1}}}}}=4
  |{{padleft:|7|x{{{1|0.0000}}}}}=6
  |{{padleft:|4|x{{{1}}}}}=3
  |{{padleft:|8|x{{{1}}}}}=7
  |{{padleft:|9|x{{{1}}}}}=8
  |{{padleft:|10|x{{{1}}}}}=9
  |{{padleft:|11|x{{{1}}}}}=10
  |{{padleft:|2|x{{{1}}}}}=1 &lt;!--for &quot;0&quot;--&gt;
  |{{padleft:|12|x{{{1}}}}}=11
  |{{padleft:|13|x{{{1}}}}}=12
  |{{padleft:|14|x{{{1}}}}}=13
  |{{padleft:|15|x{{{1}}}}}=14
  |{{padleft:|16|x{{{1}}}}}=15
  |{{padleft:|17|x{{{1}}}}}=16
  |{{padleft:|18|x{{{1}}}}}=17
  |{{padleft:|19|x{{{1}}}}}=18
  |{{padleft:|20|x{{{1}}}}}=19
  |{{padleft:|21|x{{{1}}}}}=20
  |{{padleft:|3|x{{{1}}}}}=2
  |{{padleft:|22|x{{{1}}}}}=21
  |{{padleft:|23|x{{{1}}}}}=22
  |{{padleft:|24|x{{{1}}}}}=23
  |{{padleft:|25|x{{{1}}}}}=24
  |{{padleft:|26|x{{{1}}}}}=25
  |{{padleft:|27|x{{{1}}}}}=26
  |{{padleft:|28|x{{{1}}}}}=27
  |{{padleft:|29|x{{{1}}}}}=28
  |{{padleft:|30|x{{{1}}}}}=29
  |{{padleft:|31|x{{{1}}}}}=30
  |{{padleft:|32|x{{{1}}}}}=31
  |{{padleft:|33|x{{{1}}}}}=32
  |{{padleft:|34|x{{{1}}}}}=33
  |{{padleft:|35|x{{{1}}}}}=34
  |{{padleft:|36|x{{{1}}}}}=35
  |{{padleft:|37|x{{{1}}}}}=36
  |{{padleft:|38|x{{{1}}}}}=37
  |{{padleft:|39|x{{{1}}}}}=38
  |{{padleft:|40|x{{{1}}}}}=39
  |{{padleft:|41|x{{{1}}}}}=40
  |#default = 41
  }} - floor(
    ln (floor( abs({{{1|0}}}) )+0.99 )/ln10 ) - 1
    {{#ifexpr: floor(abs({{{1|0}}}) )=0 |-1}}
    {{#ifeq: {{{1|0.0000}}}x|0x| + 1}}{{
    #ifexpr: {{{1|500}}}&lt;0| - 1}}&lt;!--For minus sign--&gt;
  |&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--else for integers--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/10)*10|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/100)*100|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E3)*1E3|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E4)*1E4|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E5)*1E5|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E6)*1E6|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E7)*1E7|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E8)*1E8|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E9)*1E9|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E10)*1E10|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E11)*1E11|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E12)*1E12|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E13)*1E13|-1}}{{
    #ifexpr:{{{1|500}}}=floor({{{1|500}}}/1E14)*1E14|-1
  }}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--endif {1}0={1}
--------------------------------------------------------
  Check for fraction &quot;/&quot; to use logn of denominator, by
  clearing prior count: (..prior..)*0 + (logn denom / logn 10).
  (see NOTE A1). The whole expression ends with close &quot;)&quot;.
  --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{
  #if: {{#titleparts:{{{1|6+3~8}}}|1|2}}| )*0 + (
    (ln {{#titleparts:{{{1|6+3/8}}}|1|2}} / ln10)
  }}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--endif fraction
  --&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt; ) }}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--endexpr# (close paren.)
--
--------------------------------------------------------------
--NOTES:
--    [ These comments are skipped by &lt;noinclude&gt; and not send
--      inside formatted Internet pages, only during edit. ]
--
--NOTE A1: This template determines the precision of decimals
--     by counting the length of the numeric string (in a
--     #switch comparing lengths of padded strings), then
--     subtracting integer length, minus the decimal point,
--     and minus 1 if negative. For integers, 1 place is
--     subtracted for each trailing 0 on the integer.
--     For fractions, any prior count is cleared x 0, then
--     size is logarithm of denominator divided by logn 10:
--     (..prior...)*0 + floor(logn denom / logn 10 - .01) + 1.
--
--NOTE D2: The check, for whole integers, compares the amount
--     versus appending &quot;0&quot; at the end: when the amount is a
--     decimal, then the value is unchanged by appending 0 at
--     the end: so 5.23 = 5.230 is true, whereas for whole
--     integers, it would be: 5 = 50 as false, due to values
--     becoming n*10 for integer n. So, for integer n, the
--     check rejects: n = n0 as false; hence n is integer.
--
--NOTE M3: The magnitude of the integer portion is calculated
--     by logarithm of the floor of absolute value (divided by
--     [[natural logarithm]] of 10 to adjust for e=2.71828*),
--     as: ln (floor( abs({{{1|-0.050067}}}) )+0.99 )/ln10
--     Function floor(x) trims the decimal part, to leave the
--     whole count: 0-9 yield 0, 10-19 as 1, 1000-1999 as 3.
--     The abs(x) avoids floor of negatives, floor(-0.1)= -1,
--     hence using abs(x) ensures -0.1 floors to 0 not -1.
--     Near zero, the +0.99 avoids invalid log of 0, but does
--     not round-up any decimals, already floored as nnn.00.
--     Complexity is 6 operations: floor of abs( {1} ) +0.99
--     then logn div logn10, then floor that logarithm ratio.
--     Decimals -1 &lt; x &lt; 1 yield -1, avoiding log 0.001 = -3.
--
--NOTE N4: Nesting of if-else and nested templates is kept to
--     a minimum, due to the MediaWiki 1.6 limit of 40 levels
--     of if-logic for all nested templates used together.
--     Template {ordomag} was omitted to avoid 2 more levels
--     of nested templates. Template {Precision} had 8 levels,
--     and this template was trimmed to only 5 levels.
--
--NOTE S5: The #switch is run with &quot;x&quot; prepended in front of
--     the amount, otherwise a #switch will compare as numeric
--     where 2 would match &quot;2.0&quot; even though &quot;2&quot; is length 1.
--     So &quot;x2&quot; won't match &quot;x2.0&quot; in non-numeric comparison.
--     The #switch will exit on the first match, so smaller
--     lengths are compared first, to avoid extra comparisons
--     for more rare, longer numeric strings up to 41 long.
--
--NOTE W6: The check for integers with whole end-zeroes uses
--     typical n=n/10*10, for each power of 10, where whole
--     millions match: {{#ifexpr: {1}=floor( {1}/1E6 )*1E6| }}
--     Previously, {Precision} had tried to use &quot;round&quot; to
--     detect end-zeroes but &quot;round&quot; loses precision at -5,
--     so, n00000 round -5 differs from n00000 slightly, and
--     comparisons to exact rounded amounts failed to match
--     some numbers when 6 or more zeroes &quot;n000000&quot;.
--
--NOTE Z7: The check on zero for any .00000 compares adding 1
--     to the amount, versus appending &quot;1&quot; at the end: if the
--     amount is a decimal, then adding 1 will be larger than
--     appending 1 at the end: 0.00 + 1 &gt; 0.001, whereas for
--     whole zero, it would be: 0+1 &gt; 01 as false, due to the
--     value being the same. So, for integer 0, the check
--     rejects: 0+1 &gt; 01 as false; hence whole 0 is integer.
--
-- WARNING: *** DO NOT DELETE COMMENTS FROM THIS TEMPLATE ***
--      Unless these comments are readily available, people
--      might tinker with the coding (or rename templates),
--      in hopes to clarify operation because these comments
--      were not nearby to explain the issues. Having these
--      comments only on a doc-page increases the danger of
--      explanations no longer matching the current coding.
--      UPDATE these comments to match changes to the template.
--      UPDATE the HISTORY during major changes (not typos).
--
--------------------------------------------------------------
--HISTORY:
--15Aug10 Created to get precision even if large or negative.
--15Aug10 Put NOTES comments to explain template coding.
--15Aug10 Put HISTORY comments to log major changes.
--18Aug10 Fixed to handle zero: 0 as 0, 0.000 as 3, etc.
--04Sep10 Fixed to handle decimals between 0~1 (by round 0).
--04Sep10 Updated NOTES to explain the check appending 0 or 1.
--03Jan11 Fix integer end-zeroes: 50 as -1, 500 as -2, 5000 -3.
--03Jan11 Omit {Order of Magnitude} for 2 levels less nesting.
--03Jan11 Omit {Str_len} for 8 fewer levels of 40-nest limit.
--03Jan11 Put &quot;noinclude&quot; around all inter-line HTML comments.
--03Jan11 Allow fraction &quot;/&quot;: floor(ln denom/ln 10 -.01)+1.
--08Feb11 Fixed to not count minus sign on negative integers.
--08Feb11 Extended to handle integers with 14 end-zeroes &quot;0&quot;.
--08Feb11 Ordered length-search by most-likely (rarely 1 or 2).
--10Feb11 Re-added NOTES/HISTORY to explain logic &amp; changes.
--22Jun11 Move to Precision: no need to keep all three.
--22Jun11 No rounding up for fractions (i.e. ln denom/ln 10)
--
--&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3gzld2n8id2y6kssvp4plp7bp51paf1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Rnd/-</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6622</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35869</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T11:17:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#expr:{{{1}}}}}&lt;!-- --&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;0  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round0 |.0}}&lt;!-- --&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;1  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round1  |0}}&lt;!-- --&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35869</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="875" sha1="j9shqac8do9tjpnje0ajy7jgfpml6gl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#expr:{{{1}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;0  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round0 |.0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;1  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round1  |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;2  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round2  |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;3  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round3  |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;4  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round4  |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;5  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round5  |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;6  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round6  |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;7  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round7  |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;8  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round8  |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;9  and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round9  |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;10 and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round10 |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;11 and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round11 |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexpr: {{{2}}}&gt;12 and {{{1}}}={{{1}}}round12 |0}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j9shqac8do9tjpnje0ajy7jgfpml6gl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6623</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35896</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T18:19:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35896</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Location map Gauteng</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6624</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35903</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T21:03:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:{{{1}}} |name=Gauteng |top=-25 |bottom=-27 |left=27 |right=29.25 |image=Blank map of Gauteng (2016).svg }}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Location map/Info}}  Category:South Africa...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="221" sha1="d41wttexk6tcia7rd1z27x35w83bmo4" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1}}}
|name=Gauteng
|top=-25
|bottom=-27
|left=27
|right=29.25
|image=Blank map of Gauteng (2016).svg
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Location map/Info}}

[[Category:South Africa location map templates|Gauteng]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d41wttexk6tcia7rd1z27x35w83bmo4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Gauteng Province</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6625</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35930</id>
      <parentid>35929</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-12-29T11:19:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>35930</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2542" sha1="h2v3c9wf462nfk6u5fdmbk80yakrp3m" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
|name       = Gauteng Province
|state      = {{{state&lt;includeonly&gt;|autocollapse&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
|title      = Xifundza xa [[Gauteng]]
|image      = 
|listclass  = hlist

|above      = [[Joni]] 

|group1 = Tinhloko-mhaka
|list1 = 
* [[Maxelo ya Gauteng|Maxelo]]
* [[Mbango wa Gauteng|Mbango]]
* [[Mfuwo wa Gauteng|Mfuwo]]
* [[Hulumendhe ya Gauteng|Hulumendhe]]
* [[Tipolitiki ta Gauteng|Tipolitiki]]

|group2 = [[Hulumendhe ya Gauteng|Hulumendhe]]
|list2 = 
* [[Primiya ya Gauteng|Primiya]]
* [[Vutsala-nawu bya xifundza xa Gauteng|Vutsala-nawu]]
* [[Huvonkulu ya N'walungu wa Gauteng]]
* [[Huvonkulu ya Dzonga wa Gauteng]]
* [[Nxaxamelo wa va masipala e Afrika Dzonga#Gauteng|Vamasipala]]

|group3 = [[Nxaxamelo wa madoroba na swidorobana eGauteng|Madoroba &lt;br&gt;namalokichi]]
|list3 = 
* [[Joni]]
* [[Pitori]]
* [[Alberton, Gauteng|Alberton]]
* [[Alexandra, Gauteng|Alekzanda]]
* [[Atteridgeville]]
* [[Benoni, Gauteng|Benoni]]
* [[Boksburg]]
* [[Brakpan]]
* [[Centurion, Gauteng|Centurion]]
* [[Daveyton]]
* [[Diepkloof]]
* [[Diepsloot]]
* [[Duduza]]
* [[Edenvale, Gauteng|Edenvale]]
* [[Evaton]]
* [[Germiston]]
* [[Ivory Park]]
* [[Kagiso]]
* [[Katlehong]]
* [[Kempton Park, Gauteng|Kempton Park]]
* [[Khutsong]]
* [[Krugersdorp]]
* [[KwaThema]]
* [[Mamelodi]]
* [[Meadowlands, Gauteng|Meadowlands]]
* [[Midrand]]
* [[Orange Farm]]
* [[Randburg]]
* [[Randfontein]]
* [[Roodepoort]]
* [[Sandton]]
* [[Saulsville]]
* [[Sebokeng]]
* [[Sharpeville]]
* [[Soshanguve]]
* [[Soweto]]
* [[Springs, Gauteng|Springs]]
* [[Tembisa]]
* [[Thokoza]]
* [[Tsakane]]
* [[Vanderbijlpark]]
* [[Vereeniging]]
* [[Vosloorus]]
* [[Wattville]]

|group4 = [[vaMasipalankulu (South Africa)|Vamasipala-nkulu]]
|list4 = 
* [[Masipalanklul wa Ekurhuleni|Ekurhuleni]]
* [[Masipalankulu wa doroba ra Joni|Doroba ra Joni]]
* [[Masipalankulu wa doroba ra Tshwane|Doroba ra Tshwane]]

|group5 = [[vaMasipala va Miganga (Afrika Dzonga)|Miganga]] na [[vaMasipala (Afrika Dzonga)|Masipala]]
|list5 = {{Navbox subgroup

| group6 = [[Masipala wa Muganga wa Sedibeng|Sedibeng]]
| list6  = 
* [[Masipala wa Emfuleni|Emfuleni]]
* [[Masipala wa Lesedi|Lesedi]]
* [[Masipala wa Midvaal|Midvaal]]

| group7 = [[Masipala wa Muganga wa Rhandi vupeladyambu|Rhandi vupeladyambu]]
| list7  = 
* [[Masipala wa doroba ra Merafong|Doroba ra Merafong]]
* [[Masipala wa doroba ra Mogale|Doroba ra Mogale]]
* [[Masipala wa Randfontein|Randfontein]]
* [[Masipala wa Westonaria|Westonaria]]
}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:South Africa province templates]]
[[Category:Gauteng|μ]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h2v3c9wf462nfk6u5fdmbk80yakrp3m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox settlement/lengthdisp</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6626</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35905</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T21:05:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{infobox settlement/{{infobox settlement/pref|{{{pref}}}|{{{name}}}}}    |metv={{#if:{{{m|}}}       |{{{m}}}       |{{rnd         |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ft}}}|R...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35905</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="736" sha1="j5entncnf1lptghukotzwwxgsndiofg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{infobox settlement/{{infobox settlement/pref|{{{pref}}}|{{{name}}}}}
   |metv={{#if:{{{m|}}}
      |{{{m}}}
      |{{rnd
        |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ft}}}|R}}*0.3048}}
        |{{max/2
           |{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{ft}}}|R}}}}
           |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ft}}}|R}}*0.3048}}}}
         }}
       }}
     }}
   |impv={{#if:{{{ft|}}}
      |{{{ft}}}
      |{{rnd
        |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{m}}}|R}}/0.3048}}
        |{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{m}}}|R}}}}
       }}
     }}
}}{{#ifeq:{{{1|♠}}}{{{2|♠}}}{{{3|♠}}}{{{4|♠}}}{{{5|♠}}}|♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Incorrect usage of infobox settlement subtemplates]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j5entncnf1lptghukotzwwxgsndiofg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Navbox subgroup</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6627</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35910</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T21:11:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Navbox |name = {{{name|}}} |state = {{{state|}}} |navbar = {{{navbar|}}} |border = {{#if:{{{border|}}}|{{{border}}}|child}}  |title = {{{title|}}} |above = {{{above|}}} |bel...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35910</origin>
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      <text bytes="5017" sha1="6xcs7qhimpl0one8fq3pg9tir9n3d7p" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
|name = {{{name|}}}
|state = {{{state|}}}
|navbar = {{{navbar|}}}
|border = {{#if:{{{border|}}}|{{{border}}}|child}}

|title = {{{title|}}}
|above = {{{above|}}}
|below = {{{below|}}}
|image = {{{image|}}}
|imageleft = {{{imageleft|}}}
|groupwidth = {{{groupwidth|}}}

|group1 = {{#if:{{{group1|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group1}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group2 = {{#if:{{{group2|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group2}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group3 = {{#if:{{{group3|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group3}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group4 = {{#if:{{{group4|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group4}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group5 = {{#if:{{{group5|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group5}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group6 = {{#if:{{{group6|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group6}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group7 = {{#if:{{{group7|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group7}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group8 = {{#if:{{{group8|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group8}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group9 = {{#if:{{{group9|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group9}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group10 = {{#if:{{{group10|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group10}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group11 = {{#if:{{{group11|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group11}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group12 = {{#if:{{{group12|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group12}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group13 = {{#if:{{{group13|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group13}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group14 = {{#if:{{{group14|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group14}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group15 = {{#if:{{{group15|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group15}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group16 = {{#if:{{{group16|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group16}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group17 = {{#if:{{{group17|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group17}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group18 = {{#if:{{{group18|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group18}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group19 = {{#if:{{{group19|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group19}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
|group20 = {{#if:{{{group20|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;padding:{{{grouppadding|0em 0.75em;}}}&quot;&gt;{{{group20}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}

|list1 = {{{list1|}}}
|list2 = {{{list2|}}}
|list3 = {{{list3|}}}
|list4 = {{{list4|}}}
|list5 = {{{list5|}}}
|list6 = {{{list6|}}}
|list7 = {{{list7|}}}
|list8 = {{{list8|}}}
|list9 = {{{list9|}}}
|list10 = {{{list10|}}}
|list11 = {{{list11|}}}
|list12 = {{{list12|}}}
|list13 = {{{list13|}}}
|list14 = {{{list14|}}}
|list15 = {{{list15|}}}
|list16 = {{{list16|}}}
|list17 = {{{list17|}}}
|list18 = {{{list18|}}}
|list19 = {{{list19|}}}
|list20 = {{{list20|}}}

|bodyclass = {{{bodyclass|}}}
|titleclass = {{{titleclass|}}}
|aboveclass = {{{aboveclass|}}}
|belowclass = {{{belowclass|}}}
|groupclass = {{{groupclass|}}}
|listclass = {{{listclass|}}}

|style = {{{style|}}}{{{bodystyle|}}}
|imageleftstyle = {{{imageleftstyle|}}}
|imagestyle = {{{imagestyle|}}}
|titlestyle = {{{titlestyle|}}}
|basestyle = {{{basestyle|}}}
|abovestyle = {{{abovestyle|}}}
|belowstyle = {{{belowstyle|}}}
|groupstyle = padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;{{{groupstyle|}}}
|liststyle = {{{liststyle|}}}
|evenstyle = {{{evenstyle|}}}
|oddstyle = {{{oddstyle|}}}

|group1style = {{{group1style|}}}
|group2style = {{{group2style|}}}
|group3style = {{{group3style|}}}
|group4style = {{{group4style|}}}
|group5style = {{{group5style|}}}
|group6style = {{{group6style|}}}
|group7style = {{{group7style|}}}
|group8style = {{{group8style|}}}
|group9style = {{{group9style|}}}
|group10style = {{{group10style|}}}
|group11style = {{{group11style|}}}
|group12style = {{{group12style|}}}
|group13style = {{{group13style|}}}
|group14style = {{{group14style|}}}
|group15style = {{{group15style|}}}
|group16style = {{{group16style|}}}
|group17style = {{{group17style|}}}
|group18style = {{{group18style|}}}
|group19style = {{{group19style|}}}
|group20style = {{{group20style|}}}

|list1style = {{{list1style|}}}
|list2style = {{{list2style|}}}
|list3style = {{{list3style|}}}
|list4style = {{{list4style|}}}
|list5style = {{{list5style|}}}
|list6style = {{{list6style|}}}
|list7style = {{{list7style|}}}
|list8style = {{{list8style|}}}
|list9style = {{{list9style|}}}
|list10style = {{{list10style|}}}
|list11style = {{{list11style|}}}
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|list13style = {{{list13style|}}}
|list14style = {{{list14style|}}}
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|list17style = {{{list17style|}}}
|list18style = {{{list18style|}}}
|list19style = {{{list19style|}}}
|list20style = {{{list20style|}}}

|{{#if:{{{evenodd|}}}|evenodd|void}} = {{{evenodd|}}}
|{{#if:{{{listpadding|}}}|listpadding|void}} = {{{listpadding|}}}

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{template doc}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6xcs7qhimpl0one8fq3pg9tir9n3d7p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:South Africa province templates</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6628</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35914</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T21:14:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35914</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Gauteng</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6629</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35915</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T21:14:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35915</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Madoroba ya Afrika Dzonga</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6630</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35917</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T21:16:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35917</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Mintsindza ya swifundza swa Afrika Dzonga</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6631</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35919</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-28T21:17:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35919</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Metadata South Africa</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6632</id>
    <revision>
      <id>35936</id>
      <timestamp>2020-12-29T11:37:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if: {{{2|}}} | &lt;!-- Die Metadaten-Parameter sind hier unabhängig vom Schlüssel --&gt;  {{#switch: {{{2}}}  | #default= &lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Invalid Data-keywor...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>35936</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="459635" sha1="qi8bj8uohz3j63z57hhsb09v2u9c2cw" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if: {{{2|}}} | &lt;!-- Die Metadaten-Parameter sind hier unabhängig vom Schlüssel --&gt;
 {{#switch: {{{2}}}
 | #default= &lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Invalid Data-keyword &lt;tt&gt;{{{2}}}&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[[Category:Template:Population data/Fehler]]
 }} |
{{#switch: {{{1}}}
&lt;!--			POPULATION / BLACK / COLOURED / ASIAN / WHITE			--&gt;
| P10101 = 1149/ 4.4/ 91.1// 4.4/&lt;!--Doringbaai--&gt;
| P10102 = 355// 100.0///&lt;!--Ebenhaesar--&gt;
| P10103 = 4477/ 3.1/ 78.2/ 0.1/ 18.6/&lt;!--Klawer--&gt;
| P10104 = 827/ 23.6/ 76.4///&lt;!--Koekenaap--&gt;
| P10105 = 4282/ 4.7/ 77.0/ 0.1/ 18.3/&lt;!--Lutzville--&gt;
| P10106 = 17668/ 4.6/ 79.6/ 0.2/ 15.6/&lt;!--Matzikama--&gt;
| P10107 = 66// 4.5/ 4.5/ 90.9/&lt;!--Strandfontein--&gt;
| P10108 = 5225/ 3.2/ 72.7/ 0.1/ 23.9/&lt;!--Vanrhynsdorp--&gt;
| P10109 = 9442/ 13.3/ 55.4/ 0.2/ 31.1/&lt;!--Vredendal Part 1--&gt;
| P10110 = 1870/ 2.1/ 73.9// 24.0/&lt;!--Vredendal Part 2--&gt;
| P10111 = 4852/ 1.8/ 98.0/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Vredendal Part 3--&gt;
| P10201 = 19690/ 7.2/ 81.8/ 0.1/ 10.9/&lt;!--Cederberg--&gt;
| P10202 = 5023/ 5.6/ 73.0/ 0.1/ 21.3/&lt;!--Citrusdal--&gt;
| P10203 = 6089/ 11.5/ 73.3/ 0.1/ 15.1/&lt;!--Clanwilliam--&gt;
| P10204 = 1648/ 27.7/ 63.7/ 0.2/ 8.4/&lt;!--Elandsbaai--&gt;
| P10205 = 1811/ 2.3/ 74.4/ 0.8/ 22.4/&lt;!--Graaffwater--&gt;
| P10206 = 5068/ 7.0/ 75.3/ 0.1/ 17.6/&lt;!--Lamberts Bay--&gt;
| P10301 = 342// 60.5// 39.8/&lt;!--Aurora--&gt;
| P10302 = 20361/ 7.3/ 80.4/ 0.1/ 12.2/&lt;!--Bergrivier--&gt;
| P10303 = 0/////&lt;!--De Hoek--&gt;
| P10304 = 341/ 5.3/ 10.6// 84.2/&lt;!--Dwarskersbos--&gt;
| P10305 = 841/ 2.9/ 79.5/ 1.4/ 16.2/&lt;!--Eendekuil--&gt;
| P10306 = 1407/ 0.6/ 99.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Goedverwacht--&gt;
| P10307 = 9271/ 2.5/ 77.9/ 0.1/ 19.5/&lt;!--Piketberg--&gt;
| P10308 = 5864/ 0.9/ 73.2/ 0.2/ 25.8/&lt;!--Porterville--&gt;
| P10309 = 581/ 2.1/ 64.0// 33.9/&lt;!--Redelinghuys--&gt;
| P10310 = 7327/ 7.6/ 58.2/ 0.1/ 34.1/&lt;!--Velddrift--&gt;
| P10401 = 227/ 1.3/ 11.9// 86.8/&lt;!--Britannia Bay--&gt;
| P10402 = 1836// 77.5// 22.6/&lt;!--Hopefield--&gt;
| P10403 = 131//// 100.0/&lt;!--Jacobsbaai--&gt;
| P10404 = 3428/ 4.2/ 43.7/ 0.4/ 51.6/&lt;!--Langebaan--&gt;
| P10405 = 2903/ 0.9/ 83.0/ 0.1/ 16.0/&lt;!--Oudekraalfontein--&gt;
| P10406 = 1445/ 8.8/ 83.3// 7.9/&lt;!--Paternoster--&gt;
| P10407 = 21636/ 21.8/ 62.5/ 0.8/ 14.9/&lt;!--Saldanha--&gt;
| P10408 = 3860/ 7.6/ 56.7/ 0.2/ 35.5/&lt;!--Saldanha Bay--&gt;
| P10409 = 7875/ 25.0/ 66.7// 8.3/&lt;!--St Helena Bay--&gt;
| P10410 = 6// 100.0///&lt;!--Swartriet--&gt;
| P10411 = 27088/ 17.4/ 63.3/ 0.6/ 18.7/&lt;!--Vredenburg--&gt;
| P10501 = 2755/ 2.1/ 97.4/ 0.1/ 0.4/&lt;!--Abbotsdale--&gt;
| P10502 = 959/ 7.8/ 83.1/ 8.9/ 0.3/&lt;!--Chatsworth--&gt;
| P10503 = 7550/ 5.3/ 85.2/ 0.1/ 9.4/&lt;!--Darling--&gt;
| P10504 = 12// 25.0// 75.0/&lt;!--Dassen Island--&gt;
| P10505 = 1028/ 1.5/ 98.5///&lt;!--Greater Chatsworth--&gt;
| P10506 = 2877/ 94.6/ 5.4///&lt;!--Ilinge Lethu--&gt;
| P10507 = 1302/ 14.7/ 79.3/ 0.5/ 5.5/&lt;!--Kalbaskraal--&gt;
| P10508 = 353/ 2.5/ 63.5// 34.0/&lt;!--Koringberg--&gt;
| P10509 = 20074/ 5.7/ 69.4/ 0.8/ 24.1/&lt;!--Malmesbury--&gt;
| P10510 = 8574/ 3.1/ 66.3// 30.5/&lt;!--Moorreesburg--&gt;
| P10511 = 2532/ 3.9/ 74.4// 21.7/&lt;!--Riebeek-Kasteel--&gt;
| P10512 = 2661/ 2.4/ 85.5/ 0.2/ 12.0/&lt;!--Riebeek-Wes--&gt;
| P10513 = 20866/ 11.8/ 76.0/ 0.3/ 11.9/&lt;!--Swartland--&gt;
| P10514 = 69/// 4.3/ 95.7/&lt;!--The Grotto Bay--&gt;
| P10515 = 509/ 0.6/ 2.4// 97.1/&lt;!--Yzerfontein--&gt;
| P10601 = 11454/ 1.5/ 98.0/ 0.2/ 0.2/&lt;!--Bella Vista--&gt;
| P10602 = 9588/ 5.3/ 63.0/ 0.7/ 31.0/&lt;!--Ceres--&gt;
| P10603 = 6996/ 95.6/ 4.3///&lt;!--eNduli--&gt;
| P10604 = 30// 60.0// 40.0/&lt;!--Meulstroom--&gt;
| P10605 = 958/ 3.1/ 90.6/ 0.6/ 5.6/&lt;!--Op-die-Berg--&gt;
| P10606 = 15// 100.0///&lt;!--Paerde Kraal Bosreservaat--&gt;
| P10607 = 3784/ 2.7/ 75.8// 21.6/&lt;!--Prince Alfred Hamlet--&gt;
| P10608 = 517/ 4.1/ 95.4/ 0.6//&lt;!--Steinthal--&gt;
| P10609 = 6507/ 20.0/ 70.7/ 0.1/ 9.2/&lt;!--Tulbagh--&gt;
| P10610 = 35547/ 19.1/ 74.3/ 0.1/ 6.5/&lt;!--Witzenberg--&gt;
| P10611 = 8188/ 12.9/ 75.2// 11.9/&lt;!--Wolseley--&gt;
| P10701 = 60/ 5.0/ 80.0// 15.0/&lt;!--Dal Josafat Forest Reserve--&gt;
| P10702 = 36815/ 11.9/ 76.8/ 0.1/ 11.2/&lt;!--Drakenstein--&gt;
| P10703 = 1387/ 98.3/ 1.5// 0.2/&lt;!--Drommedaris--&gt;
| P10704 = 2580/ 7.9/ 89.1// 3.0/&lt;!--Gouda--&gt;
| P10705 = 22598/ 99.3/ 0.6///&lt;!--Mbekweni--&gt;
| P10706 = 82713/ 10.5/ 67.8/ 0.5/ 21.2/&lt;!--Paarl--&gt;
| P10707 = 24// 100.0///&lt;!--Paarlberg Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P10708 = 5997/ 0.8/ 98.8/ 0.3/ 0.1/&lt;!--Saron--&gt;
| P10709 = 3028/ 15.9/ 72.9/ 0.4/ 10.8/&lt;!--Victor Verster--&gt;
| P10710 = 39209/ 9.8/ 73.6/ 0.4/ 16.1/&lt;!--Wellington--&gt;
| P10801 = 1463/ 6.6/ 22.2/ 0.2/ 71.0/&lt;!--Franschhoek--&gt;
| P10802 = 7480/ 39.6/ 60.0/ 0.2/ 0.2/&lt;!--Groendal--&gt;
| P10803 = 0/////&lt;!--Hottentotsholland Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P10804 = 1452/ 1.9/ 97.1// 1.0/&lt;!--Jamestown--&gt;
| P10805 = 0/////&lt;!--Jonkershoek State Forest--&gt;
| P10806 = 14637/ 97.4/ 2.6// 0.1/&lt;!--Khayamandi--&gt;
| P10807 = 3952/ 27.9/ 70.3// 1.7/&lt;!--Klapmuts--&gt;
| P10808 = 3824/ 3.6/ 95.7// 0.7/&lt;!--Kylemore--&gt;
| P10809 = 1192/ 7.3/ 92.2/ 0.5//&lt;!--Languedoc--&gt;
| P10810 = 241/ 5.0/ 78.8// 16.2/&lt;!--Mountain Breeze Caravan Park--&gt;
| P10811 = 2564/ 1.8/ 97.7/ 0.4/ 0.2/&lt;!--Pniel--&gt;
| P10812 = 12/ 25.0/ 50.0// 25.0/&lt;!--Robertsvlei--&gt;
| P10813 = 0/////&lt;!--Simonsberg Forest Reserve--&gt;
| P10814 = 44160/ 2.4/ 52.1/ 0.4/ 45.1/&lt;!--Stellenbosch Part 1--&gt;
| P10815 = 721/ 0.8/ 94.2/ 0.4/ 4.6/&lt;!--Wemmershoek--&gt;
| P10816 = 9// 100.0///&lt;!--Wemmershoek Forest Reserve--&gt;
| P10817 = 36002/ 12.4/ 74.6/ 0.2/ 12.8/&lt;!--Stellenbosch Part 2--&gt;
| P10901 = 3020/ 18.7/ 73.7/ 0.5/ 7.1/&lt;!--Brandvlei--&gt;
| P10902 = 44115/ 16.9/ 74.9/ 0.1/ 8.0/&lt;!--Breede Valley--&gt;
| P10903 = 8675/ 44.2/ 47.3// 8.5/&lt;!--De Doorns--&gt;
| P10904 = 15// 60.0// 40.0/&lt;!--Haweqwas State Forest--&gt;
| P10905 = 1951/ 1.2/ 56.2// 42.6/&lt;!--Rawsonville--&gt;
| P10906 = 3// 100.0///&lt;!--Riviersonderend State Forest--&gt;
| P10907 = 6781/ 2.0/ 87.7/ 0.2/ 10.1/&lt;!--Touwsrivier--&gt;
| P10908 = 66348/ 3.6/ 74.0/ 0.7/ 21.7/&lt;!--Worcester--&gt;
| P10909 = 15121/ 98.5/ 1.5///&lt;!--Zweletemba--&gt;
| P11001 = 11647/ 41.4/ 51.2// 7.3/&lt;!--Ashton--&gt;
| P11002 = 6739/ 6.4/ 75.5/ 0.1/ 17.9/&lt;!--Bonnievale--&gt;
| P11003 = 28651/ 7.4/ 80.6// 12.0/&lt;!--Breede River/  Winelands--&gt; 
| P11004 = 2368/ 2.7/ 82.8// 14.5/&lt;!--McGregor--&gt;
| P11005 = 10273/ 2.0/ 75.8/ 0.1/ 22.1/&lt;!--Montagu--&gt;
| P11006 = 3254/ 88.1/ 11.8// 0.1/&lt;!--Nkqubela--&gt;
| P11007 = 18341/ 6.9/ 72.5/ 0.2/ 20.4/&lt;!--Robertson--&gt;
| P11008 = 0/////&lt;!--Waterval Staatbos--&gt;
| P11101 = 782/ 1.9/ 97.7/ 0.4//&lt;!--Bosmanskloof--&gt;
| P11102 = 4052/ 14.4/ 79.0/ 0.3/ 6.3/&lt;!--Botrivier--&gt;
| P11103 = 10650/ 6.4/ 67.4/ 0.2/ 26.0/&lt;!--Caledon--&gt;
| P11104 = 51//// 100.0/&lt;!--Dennehof--&gt;
| P11105 = 9// 33.3// 66.7/&lt;!--Elgin Forest Reserve--&gt;
| P11106 = 4661/ 2.4/ 92.0/ 0.1/ 5.5/&lt;!--Genadendal--&gt;
| P11107 = 21593/ 37.1/ 57.0/ 0.2/ 5.7/&lt;!--Grabouw--&gt;
| P11108 = 1096/ 1.1/ 73.0/ 1.4/ 24.5/&lt;!--Greyton--&gt;
| P11109 = 0/////&lt;!--Hottentotsholland Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P11110 = 0/////&lt;!--Lebanon State Forest--&gt;
| P11111 = 501/ 1.8/ 92.2// 6.0/&lt;!--Middleton--&gt;
| P11112 = 0/////&lt;!--Nuweberg State Forest--&gt;
| P11113 = 3603/ 11.6/ 71.9/ 0.4/ 16.0/&lt;!--Riviersonderend--&gt;
| P11114 = 24/ 62.5/ 25.0// 12.5/&lt;!--Riviersonderend State Forest--&gt;
| P11115 = 38690/ 22.6/ 67.9/ 0.1/ 9.4/&lt;!--Theewaterskloof--&gt;
| P11116 = 7568/ 36.8/ 42.9/ 0.2/ 20.1/&lt;!--Villiersdorp--&gt;
| P11201 = 362/ 0.8/ 7.5// 91.7/&lt;!--Betty's Bay--&gt;
| P11202 = 42// 21.4// 78.6/&lt;!--Danger Point--&gt;
| P11203 = 308/ 68.8/ 31.2///&lt;!--Eluxolweni--&gt;
| P11204 = 3//// 100.0/&lt;!--Fernkloof Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P11205 = 502/ 3.0/ 26.5// 70.5/&lt;!--Fisherhaven--&gt;
| P11206 = 866/ 1.0/ 3.1// 95.8/&lt;!--Franskraalstrand--&gt;
| P11207 = 4770/ 2.3/ 51.2// 46.5/&lt;!--Gansbaai--&gt;
| P11208 = 6748/ 1.0/ 98.7// 0.3/&lt;!--Hawston--&gt;
| P11209 = 10500/ 22.8/ 35.3// 41.8/&lt;!--Hermanus--&gt;
| P11210 = 93/ 32.3/ 64.5// 3.2/&lt;!--Highlands State Forest--&gt;
| P11211 = 215// 1.4// 98.6/&lt;!--Kleinbaai--&gt;
| P11212 = 6396/ 27.3/ 31.1/ 0.3/ 41.3/&lt;!--Kleinmond--&gt;
| P11213 = 66/ 13.6/ 45.5// 40.9/&lt;!--Kogelberg State Forest--&gt;
| P11214 = 0/////&lt;!--Maanskynkop Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P11215 = 2199/ 98.4/ 1.4// 0.3/&lt;!--Masakhane--&gt;
| P11216 = 3432/ 1.0/ 2.1// 96.9/&lt;!--Onrusrivier--&gt;
| P11217 = 5009/ 20.0/ 54.7/ 0.1/ 25.3/&lt;!--Overstrand--&gt;
| P11218 = 0/////&lt;!--Paarde Poort Staatbos--&gt;
| P11219 = 481/ 2.5/ 4.4// 93.1/&lt;!--Perly Beach--&gt;
| P11220 = 580/ 2.1/ 7.2// 90.7/&lt;!--Pringle Bay--&gt;
| P11221 = 60// 5.0// 95.0/&lt;!--Rooi Els--&gt;
| P11222 = 0/////&lt;!--Salmonsdam Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P11223 = 2077/ 0.7/ 3.0/ 0.4/ 95.8/&lt;!--Sandbaai--&gt;
| P11224 = 525/ 1.7/ 39.0// 59.2/&lt;!--Silver Sands--&gt;
| P11225 = 3455/ 20.3/ 65.9// 13.8/&lt;!--Stanford--&gt;
| P11226 = 187// 3.2// 96.8/&lt;!--Van Dyksbaai--&gt;
| P11227 = 0/////&lt;!--Vogelgat Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P11228 = 0/////&lt;!--Walkers Bay State Forest--&gt;
| P11229 = 6847/ 96.8/ 1.4/ 0.1/ 1.7/&lt;!--Zwelihle--&gt;
| P11301 = 378/ 0.8/ 3.2// 96.0/&lt;!--Agulhas--&gt;
| P11302 = 1250/ 1.0/ 87.9// 11.1/&lt;!--Arniston--&gt;
| P11303 = 12749/ 5.9/ 68.2/ 0.3/ 25.6/&lt;!--Bredasdorp--&gt;
| P11304 = 4527/ 9.3/ 69.0// 21.7/&lt;!--Cape Agulhas--&gt;
| P11305 = 6//// 100.0/&lt;!--De Mond State Forest--&gt;
| P11306 = 1301/ 5.0/ 94.7// 0.2/&lt;!--Elim--&gt;
| P11307 = 3182/ 3.6/ 69.7/ 0.4/ 26.4/&lt;!--Napier--&gt;
| P11308 = 2780/ 3.8/ 53.8// 42.4/&lt;!--Struisbaai--&gt;
| P11401 = 2444/ 1.2/ 78.2// 20.6/&lt;!--Barrydale--&gt;
| P11402 = 12// 75.0// 25.0/&lt;!--Bontebok National Park--&gt;
| P11403 = 3// 100.0///&lt;!--Grootvadersbos State Forest--&gt;
| P11404 = 36/ 25.0/ 16.7// 58.3/&lt;!--Infanta--&gt;
| P11405 = 18// 33.3// 66.7/&lt;!--Marloth Nature reserve--&gt;
| P11406 = 1918/ 0.2/ 98.3/ 0.6/ 0.9/&lt;!--Suurbraak--&gt;
| P11407 = 13557/ 9.9/ 65.8/ 0.2/ 24.0/&lt;!--Swellendam Part 1--&gt;
| P11408 = 0/////&lt;!--Zuurbraak State Forest--&gt;
| P11409 = 10097/ 11.0/ 74.3/ 0.2/ 14.5/&lt;!--Swellendam Part 2--&gt;
| P11501 = 0/////&lt;!--Bleshoek--&gt;
| P11502 = 3188/ 0.3/ 84.3/ 0.1/ 15.2/&lt;!--Calitzdorp--&gt;
| P11503 = 11209/ 3.4/ 82.8/ 0.1/ 13.8/&lt;!--Kannaland--&gt;
| P11504 = 5442/ 3.1/ 77.0// 19.9/&lt;!--Ladismith--&gt;
| P11505 = 0/////&lt;!--Swartberg State Forest--&gt;
| P11506 = 66/ 9.1/ 72.7/ 9.1/ 9.1/&lt;!--Towerkop State Forest--&gt;
| P11507 = 4064/ 1.1/ 98.7/ 0.2//&lt;!--Zoar--&gt;
| P11601 = 4690/ 5.0/ 69.4// 25.6/&lt;!--Albertinia--&gt;
| P11602 = 0/////&lt;!--Boesmansbos Wilderness--&gt;
| P11603 = 201/ 1.5/ 77.6// 20.9/&lt;!--Garcia State Forest--&gt;
| P11604 = 453/ 2.0/ 29.4// 68.7/&lt;!--Gouritsmond--&gt;
| P11605 = 285/ 2.1/ 4.2// 93.7/&lt;!--Groot-Jongensfontein--&gt;
| P11606 = 6//// 100.0/&lt;!--Grootvadersbos State Forest--&gt;
| P11607 = 6758/ 4.6/ 76.5/ 0.1/ 18.8/&lt;!--Heidelberg--&gt;
| P11608 = 777/ 47.6/ 49.7// 2.7/&lt;!--KwaNokuthula--&gt;
| P11609 = 13373/ 5.2/ 73.9// 20.9/&lt;!--Langeberg--&gt;
| P11610 = 0/////&lt;!--Paardeberg State Forest--&gt;
| P11611 = 12013/ 1.3/ 76.2/ 0.2/ 22.3/&lt;!--Riversdale--&gt;
| P11612 = 2349/ 0.8/ 99.0/ 0.3//&lt;!--Slangrivier--&gt;
| P11613 = 0/////&lt;!--Spioenkop State Forest--&gt;
| P11614 = 3012/ 2.1/ 10.3/ 0.1/ 87.5/&lt;!--Stilbaai--&gt;
| P11615 = 0/////&lt;!--Tyger State Forest--&gt;
| P11616 = 202/ 1.5/ 8.9// 89.6/&lt;!--Witsand--&gt;
| P11701 = 521// 5.2// 94.8/&lt;!--Bergsig--&gt;
| P11702 = 87// 6.9// 93.1/&lt;!--Bogomsbaai--&gt;
| P11703 = 2195/ 2.5/ 4.0/ 0.1/ 93.4/&lt;!--Dana Baai--&gt;
| P11704 = 934/ 1.3/ 98.4/ 0.3//&lt;!--Friemersheim--&gt;
| P11705 = 332// 0.9// 99.1/&lt;!--Glentana--&gt;
| P11706 = 271/ 2.2/ 2.2// 95.6/&lt;!--Gresham--&gt;
| P11707 = 1774/ 1.2/ 78.7/ 0.7/ 19.4/&lt;!--Groot Brak Rivier--&gt;
| P11708 = 2412/ 2.1/ 2.9/ 0.1/ 94.9/&lt;!--Hartenbos--&gt;
| P11709 = 622/ 1.0/ 79.6// 19.6/&lt;!--Herbertsdale--&gt;
| P11710 = 367/ 71.4/ 28.6///&lt;!--Isazane--&gt;
| P11711 = 473/ 91.1/ 8.9///&lt;!--Isinyoka--&gt;
| P11712 = 135// 75.6// 24.4/&lt;!--Jonkersberg State Forest--&gt;
| P11713 = 1475/ 2.0/ 23.4// 74.6/&lt;!--Klein Brak Rivier--&gt;
| P11714 = 15812/ 75.1/ 24.5/ 0.2/ 0.3/&lt;!--Kwanonqaba--&gt;
| P11715 = 29416/ 9.7/ 59.6/ 0.7/ 30.0/&lt;!--Mossel Bay Part 1--&gt;
| P11716 = 530/ 3.4/ 1.1// 95.5/&lt;!--Outeniqua Strand--&gt;
| P11717 = 666/ 2.7/ 0.5// 96.8/&lt;!--Reebok--&gt;
| P11718 = 15// 20.0// 80.0/&lt;!--Ruitersbos State Forest--&gt;
| P11719 = 252/ 1.2/ 2.4// 96.4/&lt;!--Southern Cross--&gt;
| P11720 = 740/ 0.8/ 18.1// 81.2/&lt;!--Tergniet--&gt;
| P11721 = 797/ 0.8/ 8.3/ 0.8/ 90.2/&lt;!--Vyf Brakke Fonteinen--&gt;
| P11722 = 3470/ 2.3/ 97.1/ 0.1/ 0.5/&lt;!--Wolwedans--&gt;
| P11723 = 8211/ 5.2/ 73.5/ 0.1/ 21.2/&lt;!--Mossel Bay Part 2--&gt;
| P11801 = 312// 91.3// 8.7/&lt;!--Bergplaas State Parks--&gt;
| P11802 = 68557/ 4.1/ 58.8/ 0.4/ 36.7/&lt;!--George Part 2--&gt;
| P11803 = 455/ 4.6/ 3.3// 92.1/&lt;!--Herolds Bay--&gt;
| P11804 = 0/////&lt;!--Jonkersberg State Forest--&gt;
| P11805 = 527/ 3.4/ 79.5// 17.1/&lt;!--Langkloof State Forest--&gt;
| P11806 = 2458/ 88.0/ 11.8// 0.1/&lt;!--Lawaaikamp--&gt;
| P11807 = 18285/ 3.1/ 96.2/ 0.3/ 0.4/&lt;!--Pacaltsdorp--&gt;
| P11808 = 0/////&lt;!--Swartberg State Forest--&gt;
| P11809 = 31999/ 93.8/ 6.0// 0.2/&lt;!--Thembalethu--&gt;
| P11810 = 371/ 4.0/ 2.4// 93.5/&lt;!--Wilderness--&gt;
| P11811 = 2304/ 3.5/ 46.5/ 0.9/ 49.1/&lt;!--Wilderness East--&gt;
| P11812 = 30// 10.0// 90.0/&lt;!--Wilderness National Park--&gt;
| P11813 = 509/ 18.9/ 46.2// 35.0/&lt;!--Witfontein State Forest--&gt;
| P11814 = 9593/ 12.4/ 61.5/ 0.3/ 25.8/&lt;!--George Part 1--&gt;
| P11901 = 13880/ 30.9/ 68.8/ 0.2/ 0.1/&lt;!--Bongelethu--&gt;
| P11902 = 75// 60.0// 40.0/&lt;!--De Hoop--&gt;
| P11903 = 2804/ 5.0/ 82.1/ 0.1/ 12.7/&lt;!--De Rust--&gt;
| P11904 = 11041/ 4.9/ 95.0/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Dysselsdorp--&gt;
| P11905 = 0/////&lt;!--Langkloof State Forest--&gt;
| P11906 = 41257/ 4.1/ 69.9/ 0.1/ 25.9/&lt;!--Oudtshoorn Part 1--&gt;
| P11907 = 0/////&lt;!--Swartberg State Forest--&gt;
| P11908 = 235// 86.0// 14.0/&lt;!--Volmoed--&gt;
| P11909 = 75/ 12.0/ 76.0// 12.0/&lt;!--Wartberg State Forest--&gt;
| P11910 = 15310/ 1.6/ 85.9/ 0.1/ 12.4/&lt;!--Oudtshoorn Part 2--&gt;
| P12001 = 63// 100.0///&lt;!--Bloukrans State Forest--&gt;
| P12002 = 269/ 5.6/ 77.7// 16.7/&lt;!--Harkerville State Forest--&gt;
| P12003 = 186/ 12.9/ 17.7/ 1.6/ 67.7/&lt;!--Keurboomsrivier--&gt;
| P12004 = 45// 33.3// 66.7/&lt;!--Keurboomstrand--&gt;
| P12005 = 6//// 100.0/&lt;!--Klien Palmietrivier State Forest--&gt;
| P12006 = 2046/ 4.1/ 84.1/ 1.5/ 10.3/&lt;!--Kranshoek--&gt;
| P12007 = 2714/ 23.8/ 74.4// 1.8/&lt;!--Kurland Estate--&gt;
| P12008 = 7858/ 95.4/ 3.6// 1.0/&lt;!--Kwanokuthula--&gt;
| P12009 = 126// 21.4// 78.6/&lt;!--Natures Valley--&gt;
| P12010 = 2045/ 91.5/ 8.1/ 0.1/ 0.3/&lt;!--New Horizons--&gt;
| P12011 = 8657/ 4.5/ 53.4/ 0.3/ 41.7/&lt;!--Plettenberg Bay Part 1--&gt;
| P12012 = 1284/ 4.0/ 75.6/ 0.5/ 19.9/&lt;!--Wittedrift--&gt;
| P12013 = 3865/ 12.0/ 40.4/ 0.5/ 47.1/&lt;!--Plettenberg Bay Part 2--&gt;
| P12101 = 645/ 78.9/ 21.2///&lt;!--Bongani--&gt;
| P12102 = 473/ 0.6/ 2.5/ 0.6/ 96.2/&lt;!--Brenton-on-Sea--&gt;
| P12103 = 120// 50.0// 50.0/&lt;!--Buffelsbaai--&gt;
| P12104 = 2668/ 83.3/ 16.7///&lt;!--Khayalethu South--&gt;
| P12105 = 33675/ 34.9/ 45.3/ 0.2/ 19.7/&lt;!--Knysna Part 1--&gt;
| P12106 = 3//// 100.0/&lt;!--Noetzie--&gt;
| P12107 = 1008/ 5.3/ 8.1// 86.6/&lt;!--Old Place--&gt;
| P12108 = 1910/ 0.5/ 98.4// 1.1/&lt;!--Rheenendal--&gt;
| P12109 = 4135/ 12.1/ 32.6// 55.3/&lt;!--Sedgefield--&gt;
| P12110 = 204/ 1.5/ 16.2/ 2.9/ 79.4/&lt;!--Swartvlei--&gt;
| P12111 = 844/ 96.1/ 3.6// 0.4/&lt;!--Xolweni--&gt;
| P12112 = 5785/ 9.4/ 59.7/ 0.1/ 30.8/&lt;!--Knysna Part 2--&gt;
| P12201 = 4386/ 2.5/ 83.5/ 0.1/ 13.9/&lt;!--Laingsburg--&gt;
| P12202 = 1909/ 2.2/ 77.8// 20.0/&lt;!--Laingsburg Municipality--&gt;
| P12203 = 391/ 1.5/ 89.3// 9.2/&lt;!--Matjiesfontein--&gt;
| P12301 = 2134/ 1.7/ 98.3///&lt;!--Leeu Gamka--&gt;
| P12302 = 5217/ 0.5/ 84.9/ 0.2/ 14.3/&lt;!--Prince Albert Part 1--&gt;
| P12303 = 3166/ 3.2/ 81.5/ 0.2/ 15.1/&lt;!--Prince Albert Part 2--&gt;
| P12401 = 24728/ 2.7/ 85.4/ 0.2/ 11.7/&lt;!--Beaufort West Part 1--&gt;
| P12402 = 5953/ 85.4/ 14.4// 0.2/&lt;!--Kwa-Mandlenkosi--&gt;
| P12403 = 1143/ 2.1/ 83.1// 14.9/&lt;!--Merweville--&gt;
| P12404 = 5288/ 2.3/ 79.4/ 0.1/ 18.2/&lt;!--Beaufort West Part 2--&gt;
| P17101 = 53820/ 2.8/ 95.6/ 0.5/ 1.0/&lt;!--Atlantis--&gt;
| P17102 = 89732/ 6.6/ 29.0/ 0.7/ 63.7/&lt;!--Bellville--&gt;
| P17103 = 150431/ 15.8/ 83.1/ 0.7/ 0.3/&lt;!--Blue Downs--&gt;
| P17104 = 78005/ 29.0/ 40.4/ 0.4/ 30.2/&lt;!--Brackenfell--&gt;
| P17105 = 1959/ 4.0/ 1.1/ 0.3/ 94.6/&lt;!--Briza--&gt;
| P17106 = 827218/ 5.6/ 70.7/ 3.4/ 20.2/&lt;!--Cape Town--&gt;
| P17107 = 14498/ 20.8/ 57.1/ 0.2/ 21.9/&lt;!--City of Cape Town--&gt;
| P17108 = 31527/ 98.3/ 1.7///&lt;!--Crossroads--&gt;
| P17109 = 9045/ 89.8/ 10.0// 0.2/&lt;!--Du Noon--&gt;
| P17110 = 40135/ 2.3/ 8.2/ 0.5/ 89.0/&lt;!--Durbanville--&gt;
| P17111 = 29682/ 6.3/ 90.1/ 1.0/ 2.6/&lt;!--Eersterivier--&gt;
| P17112 = 86685/ 3.4/ 91.9/ 3.9/ 0.8/&lt;!--Elsiesrivier--&gt;
| P17113 = 189/ 6.3/ 38.1// 55.6/&lt;!--Excelsior--&gt;
| P17114 = 4646/ 45.0/ 54.2/ 0.7/ 0.1/&lt;!--Fisantkraal--&gt;
| P17115 = 15851/ 2.2/ 2.8/ 0.6/ 94.5/&lt;!--Fish Hoek--&gt;
| P17116 = 48128/ 4.1/ 15.5/ 1.7/ 78.7/&lt;!--Goodwood--&gt;
| P17117 = 2751/ 0.7/ 4.3/ 1.0/ 94.1/&lt;!--Gordons Bay--&gt;
| P17118 = 80277/ 98.8/ 1.1///&lt;!--Guguletu--&gt;
| P17119 = 18/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hottentotsholland Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P17120 = 13253/ 4.6/ 40.9/ 0.5/ 54.0/&lt;!--Houtbaai--&gt;
| P17121 = 8063/ 95.4/ 4.6///&lt;!--Imizamo Yethu--&gt;
| P17122 = 4567/ 96.0/ 3.9// 0.1/&lt;!--Joe Slovo Park--&gt;
| P17123 = 329002/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Khayelitsha--&gt;
| P17124 = 57911/ 29.9/ 38.0/ 0.5/ 31.6/&lt;!--Kraaifontein--&gt;
| P17125 = 44780/ 9.5/ 60.5/ 0.5/ 29.4/&lt;!--Kuilsriver--&gt;
| P17126 = 49667/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Langa--&gt;
| P17127 = 1410/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--Lekkerwater--&gt;
| P17128 = 9311/ 96.5/ 3.2// 0.3/&lt;!--Lwandle--&gt;
| P17129 = 7276/ 2.0/ 97.8/ 0.2//&lt;!--Mamre--&gt;
| P17130 = 8249/ 97.5/ 2.2// 0.3/&lt;!--Masiphumelele--&gt;
| P17131 = 6522/ 4.2/ 6.9/ 0.3/ 88.6/&lt;!--Melkbosstrand--&gt;
| P17132 = 22883/ 91.0/ 7.8/ 0.1/ 1.1/&lt;!--Mfuleni--&gt;
| P17133 = 81366/ 12.1/ 13.0/ 1.4/ 73.5/&lt;!--Milnerton--&gt;
| P17134 = 398650/ 33.0/ 66.2/ 0.4/ 0.4/&lt;!--Mitchell's Plain--&gt;
| P17135 = 22083/ 94.2/ 5.6/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Nomzano--&gt;
| P17136 = 3127/ 4.3/ 2.2/ 0.5/ 93.0/&lt;!--Noordhoek--&gt;
| P17137 = 58723/ 99.5/ 0.4///&lt;!--Nyanga--&gt;
| P17138 = 77439/ 3.3/ 45.0/ 1.8/ 49.9/&lt;!--Parow--&gt;
| P17139 = 1044/ 2.0/ 97.4/ 0.6//&lt;!--Pella--&gt;
| P17140 = 176/ 44.9/ 34.7// 20.5/&lt;!--Robben Island--&gt;
| P17141 = 723/ 1.7/ 2.5/ 0.4/ 95.4/&lt;!--Scarborough--&gt;
| P17142 = 7210/ 17.2/ 14.9/ 4.4/ 63.6/&lt;!--Simonstown--&gt;
| P17143 = 5766/ 27.2/ 72.2/ 0.3/ 0.4/&lt;!--Sir Lowry's Pass--&gt;
| P17144 = 60606/ 3.1/ 55.4/ 0.3/ 41.2/&lt;!--Somerset West--&gt;
| P17145 = 46446/ 8.0/ 51.4/ 0.9/ 39.7/&lt;!--Strand--&gt;
| P17146 = 2405/ 90.3/ 9.6/ 0.1//&lt;!--Witsand--&gt;
| P19101 = 906/ 2.6/ 88.1// 9.3/&lt;!--Bitterfontein--&gt;
| P19102 = 227/ 7.9/ 80.2// 11.9/&lt;!--Hexberg State Forest--&gt;
| P19103 = 0/////&lt;!--Jutteneiland--&gt;
| P19104 = 253// 97.6// 2.4/&lt;!--Kliprand--&gt;
| P19105 = 0/////&lt;!--Malgaseiland--&gt;
| P19106 = 0/////&lt;!--Marcus Island--&gt;
| P19107 = 527// 89.2// 10.8/&lt;!--Nuwerus--&gt;
| P19108 = 682/ 2.6/ 97.4///&lt;!--Rietpoort--&gt;
| P19109 = 0/////&lt;!--Skaapeiland--&gt;
| P19110 = 0/////&lt;!--Vondelingeiland--&gt;
| P19111 = 1672/ 0.4/ 79.9// 19.7/&lt;!--West Coast--&gt;
| P19201 = 6498/ 20.3/ 71.0// 8.6/&lt;!--Breede River--&gt;
| P19202 = 0/////&lt;!--Langeberg--&gt;
| P19301 = 196/ 1.5/ 64.8// 33.7/&lt;!--Overberg--&gt;
| P19302 = 55// 38.2// 61.8/&lt;!--Skipskop--&gt;
| P19401 = 0/////&lt;!--Baviaanskloof State Forest--&gt;
| P19402 = 0/////&lt;!--Formosa State Forest--&gt;
| P19403 = 2343/ 4.5/ 95.3// 0.3/&lt;!--Haarlem--&gt;
| P19404 = 54/ 22.2/ 66.7// 11.1/&lt;!--Kamnassieberg State Forest--&gt;
| P19405 = 0/////&lt;!--Nietgenaamd Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P19406 = 8101/ 5.6/ 82.9// 11.5/&lt;!--South Cape--&gt;
| P19407 = 0/////&lt;!--Swartberg State Forest--&gt;
| P19408 = 4104/ 4.7/ 81.7/ 0.2/ 13.4/&lt;!--Uniondale--&gt;
| P19501 = 1659/ 13.6/ 72.9// 13.5/&lt;!--Central Karoo--&gt;
| P19502 = 108/ 33.3/ 25.0// 41.7/&lt;!--Karoo National Park--&gt;
| P19503 = 1002/ 49.7/ 47.6// 2.7/&lt;!--Murraysburg--&gt;
| P19504 = 3416/ 9.2/ 85.1// 5.7/&lt;!--Murraysburg Township--&gt;
| P20101 = 4979/ 4.0/ 83.2/ 0.4/ 12.4/&lt;!--Aberdeen--&gt;
| P20102 = 4577/ 8.2/ 78.6// 13.1/&lt;!--Camdeboo--&gt;
| P20103 = 24230/ 4.5/ 80.8/ 0.2/ 14.5/&lt;!--Graaff Reinet--&gt;
| P20104 = 1007/ 7.7/ 86.0/ 0.3/ 6.0/&lt;!--New Bethesda--&gt;
| P20105 = 1338/ 85.7/ 14.3///&lt;!--Thembalesizwe--&gt;
| P20106 = 8234/ 83.7/ 16.0// 0.2/&lt;!--uMasizakhe--&gt;
| P20201 = 9196/ 60.2/ 29.6/ 0.1/ 10.1/&lt;!--Blue Crane Route--&gt;
| P20202 = 3776/ 98.0/ 2.0///&lt;!--Bongweni--&gt;
| P20203 = 1415/ 35.3/ 51.3// 13.4/&lt;!--Cookhouse--&gt;
| P20204 = 1448/ 91.7/ 8.3///&lt;!--Khayanisho--&gt;
| P20205 = 8132/ 96.3/ 3.6///&lt;!--KwaNojoli--&gt;
| P20206 = 2596/ 10.1/ 84.0/ 0.5/ 5.5/&lt;!--Pearston--&gt;
| P20207 = 8456/ 19.4/ 63.1/ 0.1/ 17.4/&lt;!--Somerset East--&gt;
| P20301 = 2558/ 25.3/ 60.9/ 0.1/ 13.6/&lt;!--Ikwezi--&gt;
| P20302 = 1433/ 14.8/ 47.2/ 0.2/ 37.7/&lt;!--Jansenville--&gt;
| P20303 = 1257/ 24.7/ 72.4// 2.9/&lt;!--Klipplaat--&gt;
| P20304 = 3477/ 57.5/ 42.4/ 0.1//&lt;!--KwaZamukucinga--&gt;
| P20305 = 1640/ 44.5/ 55.5///&lt;!--Wongalethu--&gt;
| P20401 = 172/ 27.3/ 5.2/ 1.7/ 65.7/&lt;!--Albany--&gt;
| P20402 = 3072/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Fingo Village--&gt;
| P20403 = 21403/ 36.4/ 32.2/ 2.2/ 29.1/&lt;!--Grahamstown--&gt;
| P20404 = 12102/ 76.9/ 15.0// 8.0/&lt;!--Makana--&gt;
| P20405 = 37265/ 99.3/ 0.6// 0.1/&lt;!--Rhini--&gt;
| P20406 = 517/ 67.9/ 31.9///&lt;!--Riebeeck-East--&gt;
| P20501 = 3087/ 33.9/ 40.7/ 0.4/ 25.1/&lt;!--Alexandria--&gt;
| P20502 = 600/ 15.0/ 1.5// 83.5/&lt;!--Bathurst--&gt;
| P20503 = 216/ 9.7/ 4.2// 86.1/&lt;!--Boknesstrand--&gt;
| P20504 = 209/ 17.2/// 82.8/&lt;!--Canon Rocks--&gt;
| P20505 = 3619/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Ekuphumleni--&gt;
| P20506 = 96/ 62.5/// 37.5/&lt;!--Kasuka--&gt;
| P20507 = 5266/ 74.4/ 1.0/ 0.1/ 24.5/&lt;!--Kenton-on-Sea--&gt;
| P20508 = 18/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kleinemonde--&gt;
| P20509 = 4626/ 99.7/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Kwanonqubela--&gt;
| P20510 = 11833/ 80.8/ 8.7// 10.5/&lt;!--Ndlambe--&gt;
| P20511 = 14673/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Nkwenkwezi--&gt;
| P20512 = 4961/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Nolukhanyo--&gt;
| P20513 = 6287/ 21.2/ 23.3/ 0.3/ 55.2/&lt;!--Port Alfred--&gt;
| P20601 = 1752/ 20.5/ 75.7// 3.8/&lt;!--Addo--&gt;
| P20602 = 90/ 66.7/ 23.3// 10.0/&lt;!--Addo Elephant National Park--&gt;
| P20603 = 517/ 98.8/ 1.2///&lt;!--Barsheba--&gt;
| P20604 = 6806/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--Bontrug--&gt;
| P20605 = 782/ 0.4/ 99.6///&lt;!--Enon--&gt;
| P20606 = 2749/ 8.1/ 61.1// 30.8/&lt;!--Kirkwood--&gt;
| P20607 = 3733/ 91.4/ 6.5// 2.2/&lt;!--KwaZenzele--&gt;
| P20608 = 9266/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Nomathamsanqa--&gt;
| P20609 = 671/ 8.5/ 91.5///&lt;!--Paterson--&gt;
| P20610 = 15218/ 74.8/ 17.1/ 0.1/ 8.1/&lt;!--Sunday's River Valley--&gt;
| P20701 = 5312/ 4.6/ 83.6/ 0.1/ 11.7/&lt;!--Baviaans--&gt;
| P20702 = 713/ 2.9/ 62.0// 35.1/&lt;!--Steytlerville--&gt;
| P20703 = 2912/ 37.0/ 62.7/ 0.2//&lt;!--Vuyolwetho--&gt;
| P20704 = 6398/ 10.2/ 84.8/ 0.1/ 4.9/&lt;!--Willowmore--&gt;
| P20801 = 918/ 3.9/ 3.6// 92.5/&lt;!--Aston Bay--&gt;
| P20802 = 165/ 1.8/// 98.2/&lt;!--Cape St Francis--&gt;
| P20803 = 8281/ 42.6/ 52.9/ 0.2/ 4.3/&lt;!--Hankey--&gt;
| P20804 = 15338/ 5.8/ 78.3/ 0.1/ 15.7/&lt;!--Humansdorp--&gt;
| P20805 = 14775/ 27.2/ 28.2/ 0.2/ 44.4/&lt;!--Jeffreys Bay--&gt;
| P20806 = 12489/ 30.3/ 58.1// 11.6/&lt;!--Kouga--&gt;
| P20807 = 6553/ 97.7/ 2.1// 0.1/&lt;!--KwaNomzamo--&gt;
| P20808 = 1824/ 23.4/ 76.6///&lt;!--Loerie--&gt;
| P20809 = 348/ 24.1/ 59.5// 16.4/&lt;!--Oyster Bay--&gt;
| P20810 = 492/ 1.2/ 0.6// 98.2/&lt;!--Paradise Beach--&gt;
| P20811 = 4271/ 46.6/ 47.8/ 0.5/ 5.1/&lt;!--Patensie--&gt;
| P20812 = 2195/ 38.5/ 33.7// 27.8/&lt;!--St Francis Bay--&gt;
| P20813 = 208/ 7.2/ 85.6// 7.2/&lt;!--Sunnyside--&gt;
| P20814 = 1294/ 40.5/ 58.9// 0.7/&lt;!--Thornhill--&gt;
| P20815 = 1540/ 82.7/ 17.0// 0.4/&lt;!--Weston--&gt;
| P20901 = 531/ 81.9/ 2.8// 15.3/&lt;!--Boskop--&gt;
| P20902 = 954/ 22.0/ 71.4/ 0.9/ 5.7/&lt;!--Coldstream--&gt;
| P20903 = 845/ 2.5/ 22.5/ 0.4/ 74.6/&lt;!--Joubertina--&gt;
| P20904 = 854/ 79.5/ 20.1// 0.4/&lt;!--Kagiso Height--&gt;
| P20905 = 743/ 2.8/ 21.0/ 0.4/ 75.8/&lt;!--Kareedouw--&gt;
| P20906 = 14729/ 23.4/ 65.3// 11.3/&lt;!--Kou-Kamma--&gt;
| P20907 = 1667/ 13.3/ 77.6// 9.2/&lt;!--Krakeel Rivier--&gt;
| P20908 = 2535/ 29.3/ 67.1/ 0.8/ 2.7/&lt;!--Louterwater--&gt;
| P20909 = 1872/ 48.2/ 47.6// 4.2/&lt;!--Sanddrif--&gt;
| P20910 = 598/ 27.3/ 49.0// 23.7/&lt;!--Stormsrivier--&gt;
| P20911 = 1026/ 2.3/ 97.7///&lt;!--Thornham--&gt;
| P20912 = 284/ 39.1/ 54.6// 6.3/&lt;!--Tsitsikamabos National Park--&gt;
| P20913 = 3995/ 16.4/ 83.5// 0.1/&lt;!--Tweeriviere--&gt;
| P20914 = 2303/ 17.5/ 82.5///&lt;!--Uitkyk--&gt;
| P20915 = 42/ 35.7/ 35.7// 28.6/&lt;!--Witelsbos--&gt;
| P20916 = 1304/ 40.9/ 58.2/ 0.7/ 0.2/&lt;!--Woodslands--&gt;
| P21001 = 13524/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bashee--&gt;
| P21002 = 9394/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bonkolo--&gt;
| P21003 = 8903/ 100.0////&lt;!--Cizela--&gt;
| P21004 = 1223/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Ebongweni--&gt;
| P21005 = 49869/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ebotwe--&gt;
| P21006 = 1012/ 99.4/ 0.3/ 0.3//&lt;!--Elliotdale--&gt;
| P21007 = 17348/ 100.0////&lt;!--Emvelini--&gt;
| P21008 = 11403/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Gcaleka-Ngchana--&gt;
| P21009 = 1442/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hala--&gt;
| P21010 = 28957/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Idutywa Part 1--&gt;
| P21011 = 31914/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jalamba--&gt;
| P21012 = 18655/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Kwamkoloza--&gt;
| P21013 = 0/////&lt;!--Mpeko--&gt;
| P21014 = 12998/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Ngqwangele--&gt;
| P21015 = 27130/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Ngubezulu--&gt;
| P21016 = 8466/ 99.1/ 0.7// 0.1/&lt;!--Ntonga--&gt;
| P21017 = 3779/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Ntshatshongo--&gt;
| P21018 = 2546/ 98.6/ 0.2/ 0.4/ 0.8/&lt;!--Willowvale--&gt;
| P21019 = 4828/ 98.6/ 0.7/ 0.4/ 0.3/&lt;!--Idutywa Part 2--&gt;
| P21101 = 32672/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amabhele--&gt;
| P21102 = 42651/ 99.9////&lt;!--Amahlubi--&gt;
| P21103 = 1562/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amambalu--&gt;
| P21104 = 54406/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amazizi--&gt;
| P21105 = 45900/ 98.3/ 0.8/ 0.5/ 0.4/&lt;!--Butterworth--&gt;
| P21106 = 6481/ 100.0////&lt;!--Fingo--&gt;
| P21107 = 5898/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Gcaleka--&gt;
| P21108 = 2302/ 100.0////&lt;!--Gqogqora--&gt;
| P21109 = 4239/ 99.6/ 0.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Imidushane--&gt;
| P21110 = 7795/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jalamba--&gt;
| P21111 = 784/ 99.6// 0.4//&lt;!--Kentani Part 1--&gt;
| P21112 = 630/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kwebulana--&gt;
| P21113 = 2602/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Lindinxiwa--&gt;
| P21114 = 6410/ 99.6/// 0.4/&lt;!--Mac Vigar--&gt;
| P21115 = 42/ 85.7/// 14.3/&lt;!--Mazeppa Bay--&gt;
| P21116 = 2040/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mazizini--&gt;
| P21117 = 727/ 93.4/ 3.3/ 0.8/ 2.5/&lt;!--Mnquma--&gt;
| P21118 = 4260/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mtoto--&gt;
| P21119 = 14912/ 99.8/// 0.1/&lt;!--Ngqwara--&gt;
| P21120 = 1793/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngubezulu--&gt;
| P21121 = 7347/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngusi--&gt;
| P21122 = 231/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nqadu--&gt;
| P21123 = 1405/ 99.1/ 0.6// 0.2/&lt;!--Nqamakwe--&gt;
| P21124 = 0/////&lt;!--Ntshatshongo--&gt;
| P21125 = 20265/ 100.0////&lt;!--Qolora--&gt;
| P21126 = 69/ 73.9/// 26.1/&lt;!--Qolora Mouth--&gt;
| P21127 = 116/ 100.0////&lt;!--Springs--&gt;
| P21128 = 5686/ 100.0////&lt;!--Teko--&gt;
| P21129 = 5664/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Tutura--&gt;
| P21130 = 8359/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Tyhali--&gt;
| P21131 = 528/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kentani Part 2--&gt;
| P21201 = 423/ 9.2/// 90.8/&lt;!--Cintsa--&gt;
| P21202 = 1317/ 71.2/ 0.9/ 0.2/ 27.6/&lt;!--Cintsa East--&gt;
| P21203 = 1473/ 96.5/ 3.5///&lt;!--Cwili--&gt;
| P21204 = 7087/ 87.2/ 0.2// 12.6/&lt;!--Great Kei--&gt;
| P21205 = 114/ 60.5/// 39.5/&lt;!--Haga Haga--&gt;
| P21206 = 284/ 12.7/// 87.3/&lt;!--Kei Mouth--&gt;
| P21207 = 1267/ 46.6/ 23.6/ 0.5/ 29.4/&lt;!--Komga--&gt;
| P21208 = 8941/ 99.3/ 0.1// 0.6/&lt;!--Kwelera--&gt;
| P21209 = 96//// 100.0/&lt;!--Kwelera Point--&gt;
| P21210 = 17281/ 98.7/ 0.3// 1.0/&lt;!--Mooiplaas--&gt;
| P21211 = 453/ 71.5/ 0.7// 27.8/&lt;!--Morgans Bay--&gt;
| P21212 = 67/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ocean View--&gt;
| P21213 = 5652/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Qumrha--&gt;
| P21301 = 11511/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Amahlathi Part 2--&gt;
| P21302 = 2148/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Amantinde--&gt;
| P21303 = 13230/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amazizi--&gt;
| P21304 = 2073/ 74.0/ 4.3/ 0.4/ 21.2/&lt;!--Cathcart--&gt;
| P21305 = 12424/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Cumakala--&gt;
| P21306 = 2704/ 95.9/ 4.1///&lt;!--Daliwe--&gt;
| P21307 = 0/////&lt;!--Dohne--&gt;
| P21308 = 2372/ 100.0////&lt;!--Eluxolweni--&gt;
| P21309 = 1242/ 92.3/ 0.5// 7.2/&lt;!--Emthonjeni--&gt;
| P21310 = 362/ 100.0////&lt;!--Frankfort--&gt;
| P21311 = 96/ 87.5/ 9.4// 3.1/&lt;!--Gxulu--&gt;
| P21312 = 462/ 100.0////&lt;!--Heckel--&gt;
| P21313 = 2145/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hlubi--&gt;
| P21314 = 3212/ 100.0////&lt;!--Katikati--&gt;
| P21315 = 2302/ 95.7/ 4.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Keiskammahoek--&gt;
| P21316 = 22455/ 99.1/ 0.9///&lt;!--Keiskammahoek North--&gt;
| P21317 = 523/ 100.0////&lt;!--Lusikisiki--&gt;
| P21318 = 130/ 100.0////&lt;!--Marienthal--&gt;
| P21319 = 9534/ 99.5/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 0.2/&lt;!--Ngqika--&gt;
| P21320 = 13035/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Peelton--&gt;
| P21321 = 5052/ 60.1/ 17.5// 22.4/&lt;!--Stutterheim Part 1--&gt;
| P21322 = 2757/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Toise--&gt;
| P21323 = 1364/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zali's Location--&gt;
| P21324 = 3570/ 99.4/// 0.6/&lt;!--Zibula--&gt;
| P21325 = 8651/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Zwelitsha--&gt;
| P21326 = 10705/ 90.0/ 0.5// 9.5/&lt;!--Amahlathi Part 1--&gt;
| P21327 = 4962/ 99.5/ 0.1// 0.4/&lt;!--Stutterheim Part 2--&gt;
| P21401 = 2689/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Airport Township--&gt;
| P21402 = 14625/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amagasela--&gt;
| P21403 = 7006/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Amahleke--&gt;
| P21404 = 13259/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amandlambe--&gt;
| P21405 = 9854/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amantinde--&gt;
| P21406 = 6216/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Area North 1924--&gt;
| P21407 = 2078/ 84.8/ 1.2/ 1.3/ 12.7/&lt;!--Berlin--&gt;
| P21408 = 6479/ 98.1/ 1.1/ 0.3/ 0.5/&lt;!--Bisho--&gt;
| P21409 = 6722/ 14.9/ 84.7/ 0.2/ 0.2/&lt;!--Breidbach--&gt;
| P21410 = 12129/ 70.4/ 0.6/ 0.1/ 29.0/&lt;!--Buffalo City--&gt;
| P21411 = 5687/ 24.2/ 2.8/ 1.5/ 71.5/&lt;!--Cambridge--&gt;
| P21412 = 23424/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Dimbaza--&gt;
| P21413 = 41003/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Duncan Village--&gt;
| P21414 = 135560/ 53.3/ 14.6/ 2.4/ 29.6/&lt;!--East London--&gt;
| P21415 = 1854/ 23.9/ 75.9// 0.2/&lt;!--Egoli Township--&gt;
| P21416 = 5171/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Eluxolweni Part 1--&gt;
| P21417 = 743/ 100.0////&lt;!--Eluxozweni--&gt;
| P21418 = 3030/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Ententeni--&gt;
| P21419 = 2832/ 97.9/ 2.1///&lt;!--Gompo Town--&gt;
| P21420 = 8033/ 19.0/ 1.6/ 0.7/ 78.7/&lt;!--Gonubie--&gt;
| P21421 = 7242/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ilitha--&gt;
| P21422 = 7956/ 99.9////&lt;!--Imidashane--&gt;
| P21423 = 0/////&lt;!--Imidushane--&gt;
| P21424 = 2672/ 99.6/ 0.1// 0.3/&lt;!--Imiqayi--&gt;
| P21425 = 1463/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jaftas--&gt;
| P21426 = 720/ 100.0////&lt;!--Joseph Williams--&gt;
| P21427 = 777/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kambashe--&gt;
| P21428 = 351/ 49.9/// 50.1/&lt;!--Kayser's Beach--&gt;
| P21429 = 41005/ 99.6/ 0.1// 0.3/&lt;!--Khambashe--&gt;
| P21430 = 436/ 22.7/ 1.4// 75.9/&lt;!--Kidd's Beach--&gt;
| P21431 = 28121/ 77.5/ 9.5/ 2.8/ 10.2/&lt;!--King Williams Town--&gt;
| P21432 = 342/ 74.6/// 25.4/&lt;!--Macleantown--&gt;
| P21433 = 175789/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mdantsane--&gt;
| P21434 = 7123/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mzamonhle--&gt;
| P21435 = 138/ 65.2/ 4.3// 30.4/&lt;!--Nahoon Dam Settlement--&gt;
| P21436 = 6138/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Needs Camp--&gt;
| P21437 = 19057/ 100.0////&lt;!--Newlands--&gt;
| P21438 = 3806/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Nompumelelo--&gt;
| P21439 = 5440/ 22.0/ 77.4/ 0.4/ 0.2/&lt;!--Park Ridge--&gt;
| P21440 = 1308/ 49.1/ 50.2/ 0.7//&lt;!--Parkside--&gt;
| P21441 = 6398/ 100.0////&lt;!--Peelton--&gt;
| P21442 = 24409/ 81.2/ 18.7/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Pefferville--&gt;
| P21443 = 698/ 100.0////&lt;!--Phakamisa--&gt;
| P21444 = 14050/ 100.0////&lt;!--Phato--&gt;
| P21445 = 248/ 100.0////&lt;!--Pierie Main Forest--&gt;
| P21446 = 3018/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Pirie--&gt;
| P21447 = 6266/ 99.6/ 0.3///&lt;!--Reeston--&gt;
| P21448 = 312/ 13.5/ 1.0// 85.6/&lt;!--Sea Vale--&gt;
| P21449 = 395/ 100.0////&lt;!--Silverdale--&gt;
| P21450 = 2291/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Skobeni--&gt;
| P21451 = 692/ 10.0/// 90.0/&lt;!--Sunrise-On-Sea--&gt;
| P21452 = 1605/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tyusha--&gt;
| P21453 = 1489/ 100.0////&lt;!--Umqwakwebe--&gt;
| P21454 = 19633/ 99.2/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 0.6/&lt;!--Zwelitsha--&gt;
| P21455 = 2160/ 100.0////&lt;!--Eluxolweni Part 2--&gt;
| P21501 = 1095/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amahlubi--&gt;
| P21502 = 144/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amambalu--&gt;
| P21503 = 5626/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Bhele--&gt;
| P21504 = 1010/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Dabi--&gt;
| P21505 = 1373/ 100.0////&lt;!--Glenmore--&gt;
| P21506 = 193/ 81.3/// 18.7/&lt;!--Hamburg--&gt;
| P21507 = 15216/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Imidushane--&gt;
| P21508 = 14947/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Imiqayi--&gt;
| P21509 = 10774/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mareledwana--&gt;
| P21510 = 5355/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mhala--&gt;
| P21511 = 27/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mpheweni--&gt;
| P21512 = 4515/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Msuthu--&gt;
| P21513 = 233/ 94.8/// 5.2/&lt;!--Ngqushwa--&gt;
| P21514 = 4667/ 99.9/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Njokweni--&gt;
| P21515 = 10791/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Peddie Part 1--&gt;
| P21516 = 4583/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Tyefu--&gt;
| P21517 = 3696/ 97.8/ 2.0/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Peddie Part 2--&gt;
| P21601 = 8009/ 91.2/ 8.1/ 0.3/ 0.4/&lt;!--Alice--&gt;
| P21602 = 35694/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amagqunukwebe--&gt;
| P21603 = 854/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amagwala--&gt;
| P21604 = 11441/ 99.9////&lt;!--Amajingqi--&gt;
| P21605 = 2525/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amakhuze--&gt;
| P21606 = 2428/ 91.5/ 7.9/ 0.1/ 0.5/&lt;!--Balfour--&gt;
| P21607 = 468/ 94.2/ 5.8///&lt;!--Bellvale--&gt;
| P21608 = 12098/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Bhofolo--&gt;
| P21609 = 1041/ 70.6/ 26.8// 2.6/&lt;!--Blinkwater--&gt;
| P21610 = 436/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Ekuphumuleni--&gt;
| P21611 = 10093/ 62.4/ 30.5/ 0.3/ 6.9/&lt;!--Fort Beaufort--&gt;
| P21612 = 7956/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Gaga--&gt;
| P21613 = 2796/ 100.0////&lt;!--Gaika-Mbo--&gt;
| P21614 = 648/ 63.3// 0.5/ 36.3/&lt;!--Hogsback--&gt;
| P21615 = 4849/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Imingcangathelo--&gt;
| P21616 = 190/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jingqi--&gt;
| P21617 = 116/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mhlangeni--&gt;
| P21618 = 665/ 91.4/ 8.1// 0.5/&lt;!--Middledrift--&gt;
| P21619 = 307/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mlungisi--&gt;
| P21620 = 84/ 71.4/ 14.3/ 14.3//&lt;!--Moreson--&gt;
| P21621 = 3665/ 92.6/ 7.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Mpofu--&gt;
| P21622 = 1580/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Ngqika--&gt;
| P21623 = 1922/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngwalana--&gt;
| P21624 = 2727/ 88.5/ 3.2/ 0.2/ 8.1/&lt;!--Nkonkobe--&gt;
| P21625 = 1552/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Seymour--&gt;
| P21626 = 344/ 73.8/ 26.2///&lt;!--Tamboekie Vlei--&gt;
| P21627 = 8238/ 99.2/ 0.7///&lt;!--Tyumie--&gt;
| P21628 = 5941/ 100.0////&lt;!--Victoria East--&gt;
| P21701 = 3771/ 21.2/ 56.3/ 0.8/ 21.6/&lt;!--Adelaide--&gt;
| P21702 = 3097/ 30.8/ 56.3// 12.9/&lt;!--Bedford--&gt;
| P21703 = 8274/ 98.9/ 1.1///&lt;!--Lingelethu--&gt;
| P21704 = 4207/ 82.2/ 10.2// 7.6/&lt;!--Nxuba--&gt;
| P21705 = 5486/ 94.7/ 4.4/ 0.1/ 0.9/&lt;!--Sizakhele--&gt;
| P21801 = 12327/ 12.2/ 63.8/ 0.1/ 23.8/&lt;!--Cradock--&gt;
| P21802 = 10891/ 48.3/ 36.8// 14.9/&lt;!--Inxuba Yethemba--&gt;
| P21803 = 5591/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--KwaNonzame--&gt;
| P21804 = 18966/ 95.4/ 4.5///&lt;!--Lingelihle--&gt;
| P21805 = 12523/ 17.2/ 66.3/ 0.3/ 16.2/&lt;!--Middelburg--&gt;
| P21901 = 7777/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amaqwati--&gt;
| P21902 = 7589/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Amavundle--&gt;
| P21903 = 4523/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Basoto--&gt;
| P21904 = 3199/ 85.5/ 9.5// 5.0/&lt;!--Hofmeyer--&gt;
| P21905 = 3/ 100.0////&lt;!--Lammermoor--&gt;
| P21906 = 1858/ 37.4/ 37.8/ 0.6/ 24.2/&lt;!--Tarka--&gt;
| P21907 = 3949/ 72.3/ 18.8// 8.9/&lt;!--Tsolwana--&gt;
| P21908 = 3612/ 98.7/ 1.2// 0.2/&lt;!--Zola--&gt;
| P22001 = 3417/ 77.5/ 7.4/ 0.1/ 14.9/&lt;!--Inkwanca--&gt;
| P22002 = 5529/ 98.0/ 2.0///&lt;!--Masakhe--&gt;
| P22003 = 1652/ 46.7/ 27.1// 26.2/&lt;!--Molteno--&gt;
| P22004 = 8811/ 99.7/ 0.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Nomonde--&gt;
| P22005 = 840/ 49.4/ 8.9// 41.7/&lt;!--Sterkstroom--&gt;
| P22101 = 2474/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Cacadu--&gt;
| P22102 = 3180/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Didimane--&gt;
| P22103 = 11750/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Ekuphumleni--&gt;
| P22104 = 26940/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.2/&lt;!--Ezibeleni--&gt;
| P22105 = 5366/ 99.9/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Hala--&gt;
| P22106 = 25905/ 99.6/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Hewu--&gt;
| P22107 = 10479/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Illinge--&gt;
| P22108 = 5732/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Lesseyton--&gt;
| P22109 = 8463/ 93.8/ 0.4// 5.8/&lt;!--Lukanji--&gt;
| P22110 = 37593/ 98.0/ 2.0///&lt;!--Mlungisi--&gt;
| P22111 = 2230/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nonesi--&gt;
| P22112 = 20196/ 46.4/ 27.4/ 1.6/ 24.7/&lt;!--Queenstown Part 1--&gt;
| P22113 = 18905/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Sada--&gt;
| P22114 = 489/ 99.4// 0.6//&lt;!--Whittlesea--&gt;
| P22115 = 132/ 86.4/// 13.6/&lt;!--Zulukama--&gt;
| P22116 = 4706/ 99.9/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Queenstown Part 2--&gt;
| P22201 = 2901/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amabhele--&gt;
| P22202 = 21761/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Amahlubi--&gt;
| P22203 = 6614/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amazizi--&gt;
| P22204 = 4654/ 99.5/ 0.3// 0.2/&lt;!--Cofimvaba Part 1--&gt;
| P22205 = 2650/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ehlatini--&gt;
| P22206 = 7629/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Emaqwatini--&gt;
| P22207 = 1054/ 100.0////&lt;!--Engcobo--&gt;
| P22208 = 4041/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Gcaleka--&gt;
| P22209 = 4824/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Gcuwa--&gt;
| P22210 = 27005/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hala--&gt;
| P22211 = 5513/ 100.0////&lt;!--Idutywa--&gt;
| P22212 = 30/ 100.0////&lt;!--Intsika Yethu--&gt;
| P22213 = 6216/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jumba--&gt;
| P22214 = 11575/ 100.0////&lt;!--KwaNkwenkwazi--&gt;
| P22215 = 217/ 100.0////&lt;!--Lady Frere--&gt;
| P22216 = 597/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mhlontlo--&gt;
| P22217 = 12211/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mtshanyana--&gt;
| P22218 = 9755/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ncora--&gt;
| P22219 = 4322/ 99.9/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Ndlunkulu--&gt;
| P22220 = 12069/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndungwana--&gt;
| P22221 = 31056/ 99.9////&lt;!--Qamata--&gt;
| P22222 = 7869/ 100.0////&lt;!--Qwebeqwebe--&gt;
| P22223 = 3666/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tsomo Part 1--&gt;
| P22224 = 1441/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Xalanga--&gt;
| P22225 = 3612/ 100.0////&lt;!--Cofimvaba Part 2--&gt;
| P22226 = 979/ 98.8/ 1.2///&lt;!--Tsomo Part 2--&gt;
| P22301 = 13780/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Cacadu--&gt;
| P22302 = 57/ 100.0////&lt;!--Cala--&gt;
| P22303 = 4454/ 82.8/ 9.0/ 0.3/ 7.9/&lt;!--Dordrecht--&gt;
| P22304 = 2732/ 94.1/ 0.4// 5.5/&lt;!--Emalahleni--&gt;
| P22305 = 1920/ 100.0////&lt;!--Emaqwatini--&gt;
| P22306 = 1603/ 100.0////&lt;!--Eqolombeni--&gt;
| P22307 = 8807/ 100.0////&lt;!--Guba--&gt;
| P22308 = 2835/ 99.7// 0.1/ 0.2/&lt;!--Hala--&gt;
| P22309 = 1425/ 85.9/ 7.2// 6.9/&lt;!--Indwe--&gt;
| P22310 = 729/ 100.0////&lt;!--Lady Frere--&gt;
| P22311 = 3557/ 98.9/ 1.1///&lt;!--Lakishi--&gt;
| P22312 = 16760/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Macubeni--&gt;
| P22313 = 1370/ 99.6/// 0.4/&lt;!--Manyano--&gt;
| P22314 = 3023/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mavuya--&gt;
| P22315 = 18960/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mhlontlo--&gt;
| P22316 = 880/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mzamomhle--&gt;
| P22317 = 28776/ 99.9////&lt;!--Nonesi--&gt;
| P22318 = 4279/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Sinakho--&gt;
| P22401 = 7033/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amantondo--&gt;
| P22402 = 16863/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amaqwati--&gt;
| P22403 = 8330/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Dumalisile--&gt;
| P22404 = 6124/ 99.4/ 0.4/ 0.2//&lt;!--Engcobo--&gt;
| P22405 = 12165/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Gqutyini--&gt;
| P22406 = 13339/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hala--&gt;
| P22407 = 16774/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jumba--&gt;
| P22408 = 14707/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Luhewini--&gt;
| P22409 = 11447/ 100.0////&lt;!--Moshi--&gt;
| P22410 = 23005/ 99.6/ 0.4/ 0.1//&lt;!--Sidindi--&gt;
| P22411 = 6113/ 100.0////&lt;!--Singqumeni--&gt;
| P22412 = 3190/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Tara--&gt;
| P22413 = 9319/ 100.0////&lt;!--Upper Gqobonco--&gt;
| P22501 = 11479/ 99.3/ 0.4/ 0.1/ 0.2/&lt;!--Cala Part 1--&gt;
| P22502 = 3971/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ehlatini--&gt;
| P22503 = 10965/ 92.1/ 3.3/ 0.2/ 4.4/&lt;!--Elliot--&gt;
| P22504 = 1422/ 100.0////&lt;!--Engcobo--&gt;
| P22505 = 5833/ 99.9/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Eqolombeni--&gt;
| P22506 = 4123/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Masibambane--&gt;
| P22507 = 4233/ 92.5/ 0.4// 7.0/&lt;!--Sakhisizwe--&gt;
| P22508 = 182/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sidindi--&gt;
| P22509 = 11546/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Xalanga--&gt;
| P22510 = 280/ 100.0////&lt;!--Cala Part 2--&gt;
| P22601 = 17492/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amahlubi--&gt;
| P22602 = 6934/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amazizi--&gt;
| P22603 = 5102/ 100.0////&lt;!--Asentshonalanga--&gt;
| P22604 = 12458/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Bakoena--&gt;
| P22605 = 8454/ 100.0////&lt;!--Basuto--&gt;
| P22606 = 32079/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Batlokoa--&gt;
| P22607 = 5279/ 89.8/ 2.1// 8.2/&lt;!--Elundini--&gt;
| P22608 = 4872/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hlubi--&gt;
| P22609 = 1280/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--JK Bokwe--&gt;
| P22610 = 4908/ 84.5/ 8.4/ 0.1/ 7.0/&lt;!--Maclear--&gt;
| P22611 = 598/ 100.0////&lt;!--Madeira--&gt;
| P22612 = 1762/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mati's--&gt;
| P22613 = 5556/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matolandile/  Zimelelandile--&gt; 
| P22614 = 9406/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mount Fletcher Part 1--&gt;
| P22615 = 8521/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngcele--&gt;
| P22616 = 1119/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ntokozweni--&gt;
| P22617 = 159/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ntywenka Forest--&gt;
| P22618 = 4671/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Sonwabile--&gt;
| P22619 = 3585/ 89.1/ 7.5/ 0.2/ 3.2/&lt;!--Ugie--&gt;
| P22620 = 3371/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mount Fletcher Part 2--&gt;
| P22701 = 4284/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amaqwati--&gt;
| P22702 = 8123/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Amavundla--&gt;
| P22703 = 4292/ 73.7/ 13.3/ 0.1/ 12.9/&lt;!--Barkly East--&gt;
| P22704 = 31727/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Basoto--&gt;
| P22705 = 5054/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Batlokoa--&gt;
| P22706 = 561/ 100.0////&lt;!--Herschel--&gt;
| P22707 = 51548/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hlubi--&gt;
| P22708 = 4793/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Kwezinaledi--&gt;
| P22709 = 1312/ 27.3/ 48.6// 24.2/&lt;!--Lady Grey--&gt;
| P22710 = 27/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mfelandawonye--&gt;
| P22711 = 9296/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Myamane--&gt;
| P22712 = 4077/ 99.5/ 0.1// 0.4/&lt;!--Nkululeko--&gt;
| P22713 = 630/ 100.0////&lt;!--Polar Park--&gt;
| P22714 = 129/ 83.7/// 16.3/&lt;!--Rhodes--&gt;
| P22715 = 302/ 98.0/// 2.0/&lt;!--Rossouw--&gt;
| P22716 = 6736/ 87.9/ 1.2// 10.9/&lt;!--Senqu--&gt;
| P22717 = 1557/ 97.9/ 0.2/ 1.3/ 0.6/&lt;!--Sterkspruit--&gt;
| P22718 = 377/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Zakhele--&gt;
| P22719 = 337/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zola--&gt;
| P22801 = 8542/ 37.8/ 34.1/ 0.1/ 28.0/&lt;!--Aliwal North--&gt;
| P22802 = 19846/ 99.0/ 0.8// 0.2/&lt;!--Dukathole--&gt;
| P22803 = 1357/ 89.3/ 7.5// 3.1/&lt;!--Jamestown--&gt;
| P22804 = 5516/ 83.0/ 4.0// 13.0/&lt;!--Maletswai--&gt;
| P22805 = 2049/ 100.0////&lt;!--Masakhane--&gt;
| P22901 = 4409/ 36.2/ 42.3// 21.5/&lt;!--Burgersdorp--&gt;
| P22902 = 6269/ 64.6/ 20.5// 14.9/&lt;!--Gariep--&gt;
| P22903 = 5962/ 87.2/ 12.6// 0.2/&lt;!--Khayamnandi--&gt;
| P22904 = 2416/ 98.6/ 1.4///&lt;!--Lyciunville--&gt;
| P22905 = 6851/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mzanomhle--&gt;
| P22906 = 1514/ 2.8/ 97.2///&lt;!--Nozizwe--&gt;
| P22907 = 560/ 17.7/ 46.4// 35.9/&lt;!--Oviston--&gt;
| P22908 = 696/ 27.0/ 14.2// 58.8/&lt;!--Steynsburg--&gt;
| P22909 = 2280/ 98.4/ 1.6///&lt;!--Tembisa--&gt;
| P22910 = 355/ 19.4/ 41.1// 39.2/&lt;!--Venterstad--&gt;
| P23001 = 28421/ 99.5/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Amadiba--&gt;
| P23002 = 2297/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amandela--&gt;
| P23003 = 3583/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amandengane--&gt;
| P23004 = 35871/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amangutyana--&gt;
| P23005 = 7104/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amantshangase--&gt;
| P23006 = 9909/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amapisi--&gt;
| P23007 = 3935/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bala--&gt;
| P23008 = 4110/ 99.1/ 0.5/ 0.4/ 0.1/&lt;!--Bizana--&gt;
| P23009 = 67728/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Imizizi--&gt;
| P23010 = 31706/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Ntlenzi--&gt;
| P23011 = 3706/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Ntshamate--&gt;
| P23012 = 41453/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Tsikelo--&gt;
| P23013 = 5594/ 100.0////&lt;!--Xesibe--&gt;
| P23101 = 29102/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Amacwera--&gt;
| P23102 = 35238/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amanci--&gt;
| P23103 = 271/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bala--&gt;
| P23104 = 164/ 100.0////&lt;!--Fikeni--&gt;
| P23105 = 46140/ 99.9////&lt;!--Lwandlolubomvu--&gt;
| P23106 = 12586/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Ntlenzi--&gt;
| P23107 = 61/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tabankulu--&gt;
| P23108 = 2169/ 98.2/ 1.7/ 0.1//&lt;!--Tabankulu Town--&gt;
| P23109 = 10658/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Xesibe--&gt;
| P23201 = 8467/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amakwalo--&gt;
| P23202 = 706/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amanci--&gt;
| P23203 = 12588/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amantlane--&gt;
| P23204 = 4082/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Awahlwazi--&gt;
| P23205 = 15995/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bala--&gt;
| P23206 = 2023/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Emtweni--&gt;
| P23207 = 3069/ 97.5/ 0.9/ 1.4/ 0.3/&lt;!--Flagstaff--&gt;
| P23208 = 13493/ 97.8/ 2.2///&lt;!--Gunyeni--&gt;
| P23209 = 9079/ 96.1/ 1.9/ 1.6/ 0.4/&lt;!--Lusikisiki--&gt;
| P23210 = 78/ 100.0////&lt;!--Lwandlolubomvu--&gt;
| P23211 = 800/ 98.9/// 1.1/&lt;!--Mkambati--&gt;
| P23212 = 1980/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mtshayelo--&gt;
| P23213 = 9632/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mxobo--&gt;
| P23214 = 1765/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndimakude--&gt;
| P23215 = 94357/ 99.5/ 0.5// 0.1/&lt;!--Qaukeni--&gt;
| P23216 = 34069/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Sipaqeni--&gt;
| P23217 = 35362/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Taweni--&gt;
| P23218 = 7835/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Xopozo--&gt;
| P23301 = 5165/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amakwalo--&gt;
| P23302 = 25094/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bomvini--&gt;
| P23303 = 22729/ 99.4/ 0.5// 0.1/&lt;!--Emtweni--&gt;
| P23304 = 15408/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Gunyeni--&gt;
| P23305 = 13394/ 100.0////&lt;!--Manzamhlophe--&gt;
| P23306 = 31342/ 99.4/ 0.2// 0.3/&lt;!--Mvumelwano--&gt;
| P23307 = 22123/ 99.6/ 0.2// 0.2/&lt;!--Ndluzula--&gt;
| P23308 = 5181/ 93.3/ 3.8/ 0.3/ 2.5/&lt;!--Port St Johns Part 1--&gt;
| P23309 = 5420/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Qaukeni--&gt;
| P23310 = 289/ 84.4/ 10.4/ 1.0/ 4.2/&lt;!--Port St Johns Part 2--&gt;
| P23401 = 3244/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Amasane--&gt;
| P23402 = 13723/ 98.3/ 1.5/ 0.1//&lt;!--Gibisela--&gt;
| P23403 = 39367/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Konjyaoyo--&gt;
| P23404 = 3835/ 99.0/ 0.9/ 0.1//&lt;!--Libode--&gt;
| P23405 = 579/ 100.0////&lt;!--Masizakhe--&gt;
| P23406 = 6333/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mbalisweni--&gt;
| P23407 = 16614/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mcwebeni--&gt;
| P23408 = 81298/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mhlanga--&gt;
| P23409 = 578/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndluzula--&gt;
| P23410 = 2062/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--Ngqeleni--&gt;
| P23411 = 41001/ 99.4/ 0.5///&lt;!--Ngqubusini--&gt;
| P23412 = 9131/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngxangule--&gt;
| P23413 = 2388/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Nqabe--&gt;
| P23414 = 36078/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Ntakatye--&gt;
| P23415 = 0/////&lt;!--Qokolweni/  Zimbane--&gt; 
| P23416 = 24566/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Simanzi--&gt;
| P23417 = 0/////&lt;!--Tshomane--&gt;
| P23418 = 464/ 100.0////&lt;!--Xesibe--&gt;
| P23501 = 20419/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amacwera--&gt;
| P23502 = 12566/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amampondomise--&gt;
| P23503 = 0/////&lt;!--Amazizi--&gt;
| P23504 = 475/ 100.0////&lt;!--Asentshonalanga--&gt;
| P23505 = 0/////&lt;!--Basuto--&gt;
| P23506 = 4240/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bhele--&gt;
| P23507 = 18717/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bovube--&gt;
| P23508 = 9501/ 100.0////&lt;!--Culunca--&gt;
| P23509 = 22254/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Ebotwa--&gt;
| P23510 = 10214/ 100.0////&lt;!--Emaqa-Kambani--&gt;
| P23511 = 2907/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hala--&gt;
| P23512 = 22631/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hlubi--&gt;
| P23513 = 369/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kambi--&gt;
| P23514 = 7600/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Ketani--&gt;
| P23515 = 1625/ 100.0////&lt;!--Lwandlolubomvu--&gt;
| P23516 = 629/ 100.0////&lt;!--Makaula--&gt;
| P23517 = 18661/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Masizakhe--&gt;
| P23518 = 52/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matolandile/  Zimelelandile--&gt; 
| P23519 = 10021/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mbalisweni--&gt;
| P23520 = 6/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mhlontlo--&gt;
| P23521 = 5855/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngqubusini--&gt;
| P23522 = 633/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngwane--&gt;
| P23523 = 15987/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Northern Pondomise--&gt;
| P23524 = 3275/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Qumbu--&gt;
| P23525 = 5678/ 97.9/ 1.7/ 0.3/ 0.1/&lt;!--Tsolo Part 1--&gt;
| P23526 = 2361/ 94.4/ 1.3/ 0.3/ 4.1/&lt;!--Tsolo Part 2--&gt;
| P23601 = 13737/ 99.9////&lt;!--Baziya--&gt;
| P23602 = 6345/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Cacadu--&gt;
| P23603 = 295/ 66.8/ 1.0/ 2.0/ 30.2/&lt;!--Coffee Bay--&gt;
| P23604 = 15939/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ebotwe--&gt;
| P23605 = 309/ 100.0////&lt;!--Gcaleka-Ngchana--&gt;
| P23606 = 17262/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hagebe--&gt;
| P23607 = 10140/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hala--&gt;
| P23608 = 650/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jalamba--&gt;
| P23609 = 13492/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jumba--&gt;
| P23610 = 2363/ 100.0////&lt;!--Masizakhe--&gt;
| P23611 = 20416/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matyengqina--&gt;
| P23612 = 6503/ 99.5/// 0.5/&lt;!--Mhlanga--&gt;
| P23613 = 26202/ 98.7/ 1.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Mpeko--&gt;
| P23614 = 2357/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mqanduli--&gt;
| P23615 = 22497/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mqekezweni--&gt;
| P23616 = 558/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Ngqubusini--&gt;
| P23617 = 0/////&lt;!--Ngubezulu--&gt;
| P23618 = 23962/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nqabe--&gt;
| P23619 = 2882/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nqanda--&gt;
| P23620 = 22874/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Qiya--&gt;
| P23621 = 21996/ 99.1/ 0.8// 0.1/&lt;!--Qokolweni/  Zimbane--&gt; 
| P23622 = 1542/ 99.8// 0.2//&lt;!--Rarabe--&gt;
| P23623 = 8144/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sithebe--&gt;
| P23624 = 14377/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Tshezi--&gt;
| P23625 = 21843/ 99.0/ 0.2// 0.8/&lt;!--Tshomane--&gt;
| P23626 = 92469/ 96.4/ 1.9/ 0.6/ 1.1/&lt;!--Umtata Part 1--&gt;
| P23627 = 23013/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Upper Ncise-Kambi--&gt;
| P23628 = 15094/ 100.0////&lt;!--Xesibe--&gt;
| P23629 = 5659/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Xongora--&gt;
| P23630 = 2316/ 100.0////&lt;!--Umtata Part 2--&gt;
| P23701 = 57/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bisi--&gt;
| P23702 = 1774/ 96.8/ 3.2///&lt;!--Clydesdale--&gt;
| P23703 = 10252/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Dumakude--&gt;
| P23704 = 17311/ 100.0////&lt;!--Fodo--&gt;
| P23705 = 2442/ 98.5/ 1.2// 0.2/&lt;!--Ibisi--&gt;
| P23706 = 18411/ 100.0////&lt;!--Indawana--&gt;
| P23707 = 5222/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Jogilizwe--&gt;
| P23708 = 3004/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jongilizwe--&gt;
| P23709 = 6701/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Ladamu--&gt;
| P23710 = 3671/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Mabandla--&gt;
| P23711 = 4232/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Malenge--&gt;
| P23712 = 16006/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mvolozi--&gt;
| P23713 = 287/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nqozama--&gt;
| P23714 = 2666/ 100.0////&lt;!--Rietvlei 1--&gt;
| P23715 = 700/ 99.6/// 0.4/&lt;!--Rietvlei 2--&gt;
| P23716 = 4374/ 99.2/ 0.7// 0.1/&lt;!--Rietvlei 3 Part 1--&gt;
| P23717 = 8735/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Sandile--&gt;
| P23718 = 13275/ 100.0////&lt;!--Silahla--&gt;
| P23719 = 813/ 100.0////&lt;!--Singisi--&gt;
| P23720 = 135/ 100.0////&lt;!--Straalhoek--&gt;
| P23721 = 66/ 100.0////&lt;!--Straalhoek Forrest Station--&gt;
| P23722 = 30251/ 99.9/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Umzimkulu Part 1--&gt;
| P23723 = 17240/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zwelethu--&gt;
| P23724 = 221/ 89.1// 2.7/ 8.1/&lt;!--Rietvlei 3 Part 2--&gt;
| P23725 = 6519/ 94.7/ 4.8/ 0.6//&lt;!--Umzimkulu Part 2--&gt;
| P23801 = 2814/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amahlubi--&gt;
| P23802 = 31417/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bakoena--&gt;
| P23803 = 540/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bhele--&gt;
| P23804 = 15767/ 99.9////&lt;!--Fikeni--&gt;
| P23805 = 4233/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hlubi--&gt;
| P23806 = 13846/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Ludidi--&gt;
| P23807 = 12034/ 100.0////&lt;!--Lupindo--&gt;
| P23808 = 787/ 100.0////&lt;!--Lwandlolubomvu--&gt;
| P23809 = 100632/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Makaula--&gt;
| P23810 = 21730/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Malubelube--&gt;
| P23811 = 1890/ 100.0////&lt;!--Maluti Part 1--&gt;
| P23812 = 12044/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Manguzela--&gt;
| P23813 = 4985/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Matandela--&gt;
| P23814 = 5512/ 99.9/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Maxesibeni--&gt;
| P23815 = 35501/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mosesh--&gt;
| P23816 = 4881/ 98.3/ 1.4// 0.2/&lt;!--Mount Ayliff--&gt;
| P23817 = 7655/ 99.1/ 0.5/ 0.3/ 0.1/&lt;!--Mount Frere--&gt;
| P23818 = 11604/ 99.9/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Mpoza--&gt;
| P23819 = 13100/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Mzongwana--&gt;
| P23820 = 30275/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Sibi--&gt;
| P23821 = 2268/ 100.0////&lt;!--Umzimvubu Part 1--&gt;
| P23822 = 41825/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Xesibe--&gt;
| P23823 = 9/ 100.0////&lt;!--Maluti Part 2--&gt;
| P23825 = 721/ 100.0////&lt;!--Umzimvubu Part 2--&gt;
| P27501 = 500/ 1.8/ 1.8/ 0.6/ 95.8/&lt;!--Beachview--&gt;
| P27502 = 134617/ 23.2/ 76.1/ 0.6/ 0.1/&lt;!--Bethelsdorp--&gt;
| P27503 = 409/ 9.5/// 90.5/&lt;!--Blue Horizon Bay--&gt;
| P27504 = 196/ 1.5/// 98.5/&lt;!--Cannonvale--&gt;
| P27505 = 743/ 17.0/ 42.8// 40.2/&lt;!--Colchester--&gt;
| P27506 = 25086/ 21.7/ 19.8// 58.5/&lt;!--Despatch--&gt;
| P27507 = 16686/ 97.8/ 2.0// 0.1/&lt;!--Gqebera--&gt;
| P27508 = 255826/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Ibhayi--&gt;
| P27509 = 3282/ 26.6/ 72.9// 0.5/&lt;!--Kabah--&gt;
| P27510 = 5379/ 90.8/ 9.2///&lt;!--Khaya Mnandi--&gt;
| P27511 = 8196/ 58.9/ 40.7// 0.3/&lt;!--Kwa Langa--&gt;
| P27512 = 17733/ 91.3/ 8.7///&lt;!--Kwadwesi--&gt;
| P27513 = 87585/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Kwanobuhle--&gt;
| P27514 = 117319/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Motherwell--&gt;
| P27515 = 21281/ 49.2/ 25.6/ 0.3/ 25.0/&lt;!--Nelson Mandela--&gt;
| P27516 = 237500/ 13.7/ 30.3/ 3.9/ 52.1/&lt;!--Port Elizabeth--&gt;
| P27517 = 732/ 5.7/ 0.8/ 0.4/ 93.0/&lt;!--Seaview--&gt;
| P27518 = 71666/ 13.8/ 58.0/ 1.4/ 26.8/&lt;!--Uitenhage--&gt;
| P27519 = 270/ 47.8/ 21.1// 31.1/&lt;!--Woodridge--&gt;
| P27520 = 762/ 13.8/ 27.7/ 2.8/ 55.9/&lt;!--Young Park--&gt;
| P29101 = 5461/ 13.0/ 74.0/ 0.2/ 12.9/&lt;!--Aberdeen Plain--&gt;
| P29102 = 9/ 100.0////&lt;!--Addo Elephant National Park--&gt;
| P29103 = 39/ 15.4/ 69.2// 15.4/&lt;!--Petersburg--&gt;
| P29104 = 880/ 0.7/ 90.5// 8.9/&lt;!--Rietbron--&gt;
| P29105 = 147/ 26.5/ 55.1// 18.4/&lt;!--Tsitsikama National Park--&gt;
| P29201 = 18/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mountain Zebra National Park--&gt;
| P29202 = 69/ 87.0/// 13.0/&lt;!--Tsitsikama National Park--&gt;
| P29301 = 6// 100.0///&lt;!--Oviston Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P29401 = 0/////&lt;!--O'Conners Camp--&gt;
| P30101 = 1452/ 2.9/ 64.7/ 0.2/ 32.2/&lt;!--Alexander Bay--&gt;
| P30102 = 452/ 4.6/ 95.4///&lt;!--Eksteenfontein--&gt;
| P30103 = 1092/ 6.4/ 92.8// 0.8/&lt;!--Khubus--&gt;
| P30104 = 423// 99.3// 0.7/&lt;!--Lekkersing--&gt;
| P30105 = 359/ 4.2/ 5.8// 90.0/&lt;!--McDougall's Bay--&gt;
| P30106 = 4655/ 16.1/ 75.8/ 0.4/ 7.7/&lt;!--Port Nolloth--&gt;
| P30107 = 552/ 4.9/ 89.1// 6.0/&lt;!--Richtersveld--&gt;
| P30108 = 1146/ 19.7/ 71.6// 8.7/&lt;!--Sanddrif--&gt;
| P30201 = 1123// 100.0///&lt;!--Buffelsrivier--&gt;
| P30202 = 358// 100.0///&lt;!--Bulletrap--&gt;
| P30203 = 963/ 15.7/ 68.8// 15.5/&lt;!--Carolusberg--&gt;
| P30204 = 4036/ 0.4/ 99.6// 0.1/&lt;!--Concordia--&gt;
| P30205 = 2702/ 16.4/ 53.4/ 0.2/ 30.0/&lt;!--Kleinzee--&gt;
| P30206 = 3315/ 1.4/ 98.6///&lt;!--Komaggas--&gt;
| P30207 = 5598/ 3.6/ 88.3// 8.1/&lt;!--Nababeep--&gt;
| P30208 = 3367/ 4.4/ 76.4/ 0.1/ 19.1/&lt;!--Nama Khoi--&gt;
| P30209 = 5241/ 2.5/ 95.5// 2.0/&lt;!--Okiep--&gt;
| P30210 = 10294/ 1.6/ 79.4/ 0.2/ 18.8/&lt;!--Springbok--&gt;
| P30211 = 7261/ 1.3/ 98.1/ 0.5/ 0.2/&lt;!--Steinkopf--&gt;
| P30212 = 495/ 6.1/ 88.5/ 0.6/ 4.8/&lt;!--Vioolsdrif--&gt;
| P30301 = 1655/ 1.5/ 78.5/ 0.2/ 19.8/&lt;!--Garies--&gt;
| P30302 = 540/ 6.7/ 86.7// 6.7/&lt;!--Hondeklip Bay--&gt;
| P30303 = 305// 100.0///&lt;!--Kamassies--&gt;
| P30304 = 1464/ 1.0/ 70.1// 28.9/&lt;!--Kamiesberg--&gt;
| P30305 = 905/ 5.6/ 73.6// 20.8/&lt;!--Kamieskroon--&gt;
| P30306 = 1292/ 1.2/ 98.6/ 0.2//&lt;!--Karkams--&gt;
| P30307 = 444// 100.0///&lt;!--Kheis--&gt;
| P30308 = 469/ 1.3/ 98.7///&lt;!--Klipfontein--&gt;
| P30309 = 724/ 6.2/ 64.6// 29.1/&lt;!--Koingnaas--&gt;
| P30310 = 807/ 4.1/ 95.5// 0.4/&lt;!--Leliefontein--&gt;
| P30311 = 416// 97.8/ 2.2//&lt;!--Nourivier--&gt;
| P30312 = 494/ 1.2/ 98.8///&lt;!--Paulshoek--&gt;
| P30313 = 330// 100.0///&lt;!--Rooifontein Norap--&gt;
| P30314 = 250// 96.4// 3.6/&lt;!--Soebatsfontein--&gt;
| P30315 = 456// 100.0///&lt;!--Spoegrivier--&gt;
| P30316 = 204// 98.5// 1.5/&lt;!--Tweerivier--&gt;
| P30401 = 2308/ 1.7/ 90.3/ 0.1/ 7.8/&lt;!--Brandvlei--&gt;
| P30402 = 8454/ 1.7/ 81.8/ 0.2/ 16.3/&lt;!--Calvinia--&gt;
| P30403 = 5201/ 1.6/ 79.9// 18.6/&lt;!--Hantam--&gt;
| P30404 = 2401/ 0.9/ 85.4// 13.7/&lt;!--Loeriesfontein--&gt;
| P30405 = 1440/ 1.5/ 82.6/ 0.4/ 15.5/&lt;!--Nieuwoudtville--&gt;
| P30501 = 2404/ 2.2/ 85.0/ 0.1/ 12.6/&lt;!--Fraserburg--&gt;
| P30502 = 3283/ 2.8/ 73.2/ 0.1/ 23.9/&lt;!--Karoo Hoogland--&gt;
| P30503 = 1986/ 8.5/ 74.1// 17.4/&lt;!--Sutherland--&gt;
| P30504 = 2839/ 1.0/ 83.1/ 0.3/ 15.6/&lt;!--Williston--&gt;
| P30601 = 2057/ 10.8/ 63.1// 26.0/&lt;!--Aggeneys--&gt;
| P30602 = 4037/ 27.2/ 68.1/ 0.1/ 4.5/&lt;!--KhGi-Ma--&gt;
| P30603 = 916/ 2.0/ 91.2// 6.9/&lt;!--Onseepkans--&gt;
| P30604 = 1426/ 3.4/ 96.2// 0.4/&lt;!--Pella--&gt;
| P30605 = 2923/ 2.8/ 85.2// 12.1/&lt;!--Pofadder--&gt;
| P30701 = 774/ 1.6/ 86.8// 11.6/&lt;!--Loxton--&gt;
| P30702 = 1356/ 65.1/ 34.9///&lt;!--Masinyausane--&gt;
| P30703 = 3060/ 5.1/ 86.6// 8.3/&lt;!--Richmond--&gt;
| P30704 = 1256/ 90.2/ 9.8///&lt;!--Sabelo--&gt;
| P30705 = 5560/ 9.0/ 74.7/ 0.1/ 16.2/&lt;!--Ubuntu--&gt;
| P30706 = 4372/ 3.4/ 87.2/ 0.2/ 9.2/&lt;!--Victoria West--&gt;
| P30801 = 4243/ 8.5/ 78.3/ 0.4/ 12.8/&lt;!--Colesberg--&gt;
| P30802 = 8518/ 95.4/ 4.6///&lt;!--Kuyasa--&gt;
| P30803 = 2940/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Kwazamwxolo--&gt;
| P30804 = 1023/ 86.5/ 12.9// 0.6/&lt;!--Norvalspont--&gt;
| P30805 = 3924/ 13.4/ 69.2/ 0.2/ 17.2/&lt;!--Noupoort--&gt;
| P30806 = 2998/ 37.9/ 48.3// 13.8/&lt;!--Umsombomvu--&gt;
| P30901 = 14150/ 11.8/ 88.2///&lt;!--Barcelona--&gt;
| P30902 = 3235/ 4.7/ 86.2/ 0.2/ 8.9/&lt;!--Britstown--&gt;
| P30903 = 6509/ 12.9/ 34.0/ 0.3/ 52.7/&lt;!--De Aar--&gt;
| P30904 = 2816/ 16.2/ 67.8// 16.0/&lt;!--Emthanjeni--&gt;
| P30905 = 1430/ 28.9/ 59.5/ 0.4/ 11.2/&lt;!--Hanover--&gt;
| P30906 = 791/ 81.8/ 18.2///&lt;!--Mziwabantu--&gt;
| P30907 = 1263/ 98.6/ 1.4///&lt;!--Nompumelelo--&gt;
| P30908 = 5366/ 96.9/ 3.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Nonzwakazi--&gt;
| P31001 = 5235/ 2.6/ 88.3/ 0.3/ 8.7/&lt;!--Carnarvon--&gt;
| P31002 = 1702/ 1.1/ 79.7/ 0.2/ 19.0/&lt;!--Kareeberg--&gt;
| P31003 = 1418/ 1.7/ 91.3// 7.0/&lt;!--Van Wyksvlei--&gt;
| P31004 = 1125/ 2.4/ 84.5// 13.2/&lt;!--Vosburg--&gt;
| P31101 = 716/ 94.8/ 5.2///&lt;!--Lukhanyisweni--&gt;
| P31102 = 2768/ 20.7/ 74.0// 5.3/&lt;!--Petrusville--&gt;
| P31103 = 2062/ 9.0/ 80.5// 10.5/&lt;!--Phillipstown--&gt;
| P31104 = 1698/ 11.4/ 72.9/ 0.2/ 15.5/&lt;!--Renosterberg--&gt;
| P31105 = 816/ 96.0/ 4.0///&lt;!--Thembinkosi--&gt;
| P31106 = 1011/ 11.3/ 55.7/ 0.3/ 32.7/&lt;!--Vanderkloof--&gt;
| P31201 = 8048/ 16.8/ 74.5/ 0.3/ 8.4/&lt;!--Hopetown--&gt;
| P31202 = 519/ 1.7/ 0.6// 97.7/&lt;!--Orania--&gt;
| P31203 = 2347/ 9.1/ 82.2/ 0.3/ 8.4/&lt;!--Strydenburg--&gt;
| P31204 = 3064/ 12.2/ 70.6// 17.2/&lt;!--Thembelihle--&gt;
| P31301 = 3073/ 70.5/ 29.5///&lt;!--E'Thembeni--&gt;
| P31302 = 2080/ 9.4/ 86.5/ 0.3/ 3.8/&lt;!--Marydale--&gt;
| P31303 = 2001/ 5.7/ 92.8// 1.5/&lt;!--Niekerkshoop--&gt;
| P31304 = 8447/ 4.1/ 82.7/ 0.2/ 13.0/&lt;!--Prieska--&gt;
| P31305 = 1920/ 10.7/ 75.9// 13.4/&lt;!--Siyathemba--&gt;
| P31306 = 0/////&lt;!--Westerberg--&gt;
| P31401 = 8533/ 5.8/ 94.0/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Breipaal--&gt;
| P31402 = 1763/ 15.4/ 81.6// 3.1/&lt;!--Campbell--&gt;
| P31403 = 6946/ 44.4/ 36.0/ 0.1/ 19.5/&lt;!--Douglas--&gt;
| P31404 = 3952/ 9.6/ 82.6/ 0.2/ 7.6/&lt;!--Griekwastad--&gt;
| P31405 = 1265/ 86.1/ 13.9///&lt;!--Mathlomola--&gt;
| P31406 = 953/ 42.4/ 40.5// 17.2/&lt;!--Ritchie--&gt;
| P31407 = 3243/ 40.0/ 43.1// 16.9/&lt;!--Schmidtsdrift--&gt;
| P31408 = 9152/ 30.8/ 56.1// 13.0/&lt;!--Siyancuma--&gt;
| P31501 = 425// 100.0///&lt;!--Groot Mier--&gt;
| P31502 = 3477/ 1.7/ 91.6// 6.7/&lt;!--Mier--&gt;
| P31503 = 790/ 8.0/ 92.0///&lt;!--Philandersbron--&gt;
| P31504 = 2157/ 0.1/ 99.9///&lt;!--Rietfontein--&gt;
| P31601 = 683/ 24.2/ 71.4// 4.4/&lt;!--Alheit--&gt;
| P31602 = 2694/ 28.5/ 60.4// 11.1/&lt;!--Augrabies--&gt;
| P31603 = 287/ 36.6/ 55.1// 8.4/&lt;!--Augrabies Mission--&gt;
| P31604 = 315// 100.0///&lt;!--Bloemsmond--&gt;
| P31605 = 2454/ 25.5/ 64.3// 10.2/&lt;!--Cillie--&gt;
| P31606 = 20830/ 43.0/ 51.8// 5.2/&lt;!--Kai !Garib--&gt;
| P31607 = 7303/ 2.2/ 87.8// 10.1/&lt;!--Kakamas--&gt;
| P31608 = 247/ 13.4/ 12.1// 74.5/&lt;!--Kanoneiland--&gt;
| P31609 = 9397/ 3.1/ 84.4/ 0.1/ 12.4/&lt;!--Keimoes--&gt;
| P31610 = 3796/ 1.1/ 89.8/ 0.2/ 9.0/&lt;!--Kenhardt--&gt;
| P31611 = 1499/ 1.6/ 98.4///&lt;!--Lennetsville--&gt;
| P31612 = 1088/ 55.8/ 32.0// 12.3/&lt;!--Louisvale--&gt;
| P31613 = 708/ 13.1/ 85.6// 1.3/&lt;!--Loxtonberg--&gt;
| P31614 = 1302/ 6.7/ 92.6/ 0.7//&lt;!--Lutzburg--&gt;
| P31615 = 2391/ 24.3/ 67.2// 8.6/&lt;!--Marchand--&gt;
| P31616 = 1980/ 19.5/ 80.2// 0.3/&lt;!--Raaswater--&gt;
| P31617 = 696/ 71.8/ 26.0// 2.2/&lt;!--Riemvasmaak--&gt;
| P31701 = 5345/ 11.2/ 48.1/ 0.1/ 40.6/&lt;!--||Khara Hais--&gt;
| P31702 = 902/ 7.6/ 92.0// 0.3/&lt;!--Camp Informal--&gt;
| P31703 = 265/ 39.6/ 55.8// 4.5/&lt;!--Group 23 Military Village--&gt;
| P31704 = 956/ 1.9/ 97.8/ 0.3//&lt;!--Karos--&gt;
| P31705 = 1954/ 6.6/ 93.2/ 0.2//&lt;!--Klippunt--&gt;
| P31706 = 577/ 2.1/ 97.4/ 0.5//&lt;!--Lambrechtsdrif--&gt;
| P31707 = 1067/ 17.7/ 82.4///&lt;!--Leerkrans--&gt;
| P31708 = 13807/ 84.5/ 15.5///&lt;!--Paballelo--&gt;
| P31709 = 666/ 46.1/ 54.1///&lt;!--Straussburg--&gt;
| P31710 = 1359/ 16.0/ 75.3// 8.6/&lt;!--Swartkop--&gt;
| P31711 = 46909/ 2.4/ 79.3/ 0.1/ 18.2/&lt;!--Upington--&gt;
| P31801 = 6274/ 6.1/ 74.5/ 0.1/ 19.3/&lt;!--!Kheis--&gt;
| P31802 = 1587/ 6.2/ 93.8///&lt;!--Boegoeberg--&gt;
| P31803 = 965/ 11.8/ 88.2///&lt;!--Gannaput--&gt;
| P31804 = 437/ 8.2/ 28.8// 62.9/&lt;!--Groblershoop--&gt;
| P31805 = 2177/ 3.9/ 96.1///&lt;!--Grootdrink--&gt;
| P31806 = 3043/ 3.5/ 96.3// 0.2/&lt;!--Stutterheim--&gt;
| P31807 = 1559/ 2.9/ 97.1///&lt;!--Wegdraai--&gt;
| P31901 = 952/ 45.3/ 12.7/ 0.3/ 41.6/&lt;!--Beeshoek--&gt;
| P31902 = 6514/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--Boitshoko--&gt;
| P31903 = 3044/ 79.2/ 20.8///&lt;!--Ditloung--&gt;
| P31904 = 177/ 35.6/ 10.2// 54.2/&lt;!--Glosam--&gt;
| P31905 = 545/ 2.2/ 97.2// 0.6/&lt;!--Goedgedacht--&gt;
| P31906 = 514/ 86.0/ 4.1// 9.9/&lt;!--Groenwater--&gt;
| P31907 = 3985/ 19.9/ 67.2/ 0.3/ 12.5/&lt;!--Olifantshoek--&gt;
| P31908 = 13692/ 26.9/ 58.7/ 0.3/ 14.1/&lt;!--Postmasburg--&gt;
| P31909 = 1525/ 39.8/ 48.4// 11.8/&lt;!--Tsantsabane--&gt;
| P31910 = 93/ 41.9/ 58.1///&lt;!--Vergenoeg--&gt;
| P32001 = 6730/ 22.1/ 64.5/ 0.8/ 12.7/&lt;!--Danielskuil--&gt;
| P32002 = 350/ 93.1/ 6.9///&lt;!--Five Mission--&gt;
| P32003 = 1305/ 40.8/ 33.4/ 0.9/ 24.9/&lt;!--Kgatelopele--&gt;
| P32004 = 3723/ 47.6/ 18.2/ 0.7/ 33.4/&lt;!--Lime Acres--&gt;
| P32005 = 3337/ 97.1/ 2.8// 0.1/&lt;!--Tlhakalatlou--&gt;
| P32101 = 103719/ 86.0/ 13.9/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Galeshewe--&gt;
| P32102 = 62526/ 19.4/ 39.1/ 2.1/ 39.5/&lt;!--Kimberley--&gt;
| P32103 = 5509/ 81.1/ 18.9///&lt;!--Motswedimosa--&gt;
| P32104 = 5706/ 14.0/ 78.8/ 0.2/ 7.1/&lt;!--Ritchie--&gt;
| P32105 = 18962/ 6.0/ 92.8/ 1.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Roodepan--&gt;
| P32106 = 5031/ 45.7/ 33.8/ 0.6/ 19.9/&lt;!--Sol Plaatje--&gt;
| P32201 = 7101/ 35.5/ 50.5/ 0.3/ 13.7/&lt;!--Barkly West--&gt;
| P32202 = 1737/ 20.4/ 79.2/ 0.3//&lt;!--Corn's Village--&gt;
| P32203 = 2831/ 11.0/ 70.0/ 0.1/ 18.9/&lt;!--Delportshoop--&gt;
| P32204 = 5783/ 58.6/ 34.5/ 0.1/ 6.8/&lt;!--Dikgatlong--&gt;
| P32205 = 528/ 26.7/ 72.2// 1.1/&lt;!--Holpan--&gt;
| P32206 = 3107/ 94.2/ 5.8///&lt;!--Kutlwano--&gt;
| P32207 = 558/ 21.5/ 72.0// 6.5/&lt;!--Longlands--&gt;
| P32208 = 6974/ 96.0/ 4.0///&lt;!--Mataleng--&gt;
| P32209 = 30/ 60.0/ 10.0// 30.0/&lt;!--Sydney on Vaal--&gt;
| P32210 = 5834/ 78.1/ 21.5/ 0.1/ 0.3/&lt;!--Tidimalo--&gt;
| P32211 = 1063/ 53.3/ 12.8// 34.0/&lt;!--Ulco--&gt;
| P32212 = 0/////&lt;!--Vaalbos National Park--&gt;
| P32213 = 218/ 8.3/ 2.8/ 1.4/ 87.6/&lt;!--Windsorton--&gt;
| P32301 = 10216/ 95.3/ 4.7///&lt;!--Ikutseng--&gt;
| P32302 = 3561/ 73.2/ 13.9/ 0.1/ 12.9/&lt;!--Magareng--&gt;
| P32303 = 7957/ 42.5/ 35.2/ 1.5/ 20.9/&lt;!--Warrenton--&gt;
| P32401 = 4023/ 59.5/ 34.9// 5.7/&lt;!--Dibeng--&gt;
| P32402 = 2866/ 39.7/ 60.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Dingleton--&gt;
| P32403 = 1048/ 47.8/ 18.8// 33.4/&lt;!--Gamagara--&gt;
| P32404 = 8247/ 46.1/ 7.8/ 0.1/ 45.9/&lt;!--Kathu--&gt;
| P38101 = 3674/ 93.6/ 6.4///&lt;!--Ga Mohana--&gt;
| P38102 = 849/ 56.4/ 22.9// 20.7/&lt;!--Ga-Segonyana--&gt;
| P38103 = 116/ 7.8/ 92.2///&lt;!--Gathlose--&gt;
| P38104 = 9824/ 20.0/ 43.4/ 0.4/ 36.1/&lt;!--Kuruman Part 2--&gt;
| P38701 = 856/ 28.9/ 69.7// 1.4/&lt;!--Andalusia Park--&gt;
| P38702 = 1101/ 64.9/ 7.4// 27.8/&lt;!--Ganspan--&gt;
| P38703 = 5262/ 31.2/ 47.1/ 0.2/ 21.5/&lt;!--Hartswater--&gt;
| P38704 = 16363/ 76.7/ 14.5/ 0.1/ 8.6/&lt;!--Jan Kempdorp Part 2--&gt;
| P38705 = 16179/ 69.7/ 7.0// 23.3/&lt;!--Phokwane--&gt;
| P39101 = 814/ 2.9/ 72.5// 24.7/&lt;!--Namaqualand--&gt;
| P39201 = 3139/ 8.6/ 73.6/ 0.1/ 17.7/&lt;!--Bo Karoo--&gt;
| P39202 = 36// 75.0// 25.0/&lt;!--Copperton--&gt;
| P39301 = 8732/ 13.9/ 68.5// 17.6/&lt;!--Benede Oranje--&gt;
| P39302 = 368/ 0.8/ 73.9// 25.3/&lt;!--Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park--&gt;
| P39401 = 246/ 82.9/ 6.1// 11.0/&lt;!--Bellsbank Diamond Mines--&gt;
| P39402 = 4252/ 48.8/ 42.0// 9.1/&lt;!--Diamondfields--&gt;
| P39403 = 18/ 50.0/// 50.0/&lt;!--Klein Boetsap--&gt;
| P39501 = 1002/ 55.4/ 11.5// 33.2/&lt;!--Blackrock--&gt;
| P39502 = 1232/ 73.9/ 6.4/ 0.3/ 19.3/&lt;!--Hotazel--&gt;
| P39503 = 3166/ 77.1/ 7.4// 15.5/&lt;!--Kalahari--&gt;
| P39504 = 848/ 86.6/ 9.2// 4.2/&lt;!--Van Zylsrus--&gt;
| P40101 = 330/ 83.6/ 14.5/ 0.9/ 0.9/&lt;!--Boitumelong--&gt;
| P40102 = 6343/ 91.1/ 8.7/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Bolokanang--&gt;
| P40103 = 1208/ 29.4/ 70.7///&lt;!--Diamant Hoogte--&gt;
| P40104 = 8727/ 87.9/ 12.1///&lt;!--Ditlhake--&gt;
| P40105 = 1709/ 21.5/ 53.0/ 0.2/ 25.3/&lt;!--Jacobsdal--&gt;
| P40106 = 1443/ 19.6/ 21.2// 59.2/&lt;!--Koffiefontein--&gt;
| P40107 = 13533/ 57.3/ 27.3// 15.4/&lt;!--Letsemeng--&gt;
| P40108 = 2388/ 24.7/ 66.0/ 0.1/ 9.2/&lt;!--Luckhoff--&gt;
| P40109 = 1167/ 3.1/ 92.3// 4.6/&lt;!--Oppermans--&gt;
| P40110 = 588/ 7.7// 0.5/ 91.8/&lt;!--Petrusburg--&gt;
| P40111 = 4852/ 86.5/ 13.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Ratanang--&gt;
| P40112 = 671/ 86.9/ 13.1///&lt;!--Relebohile--&gt;
| P40201 = 1342/ 38.3/ 11.6/ 0.7/ 49.4/&lt;!--Bethulie--&gt;
| P40202 = 525/ 90.3/ 1.7// 8.0/&lt;!--Charlesville--&gt;
| P40203 = 935/ 23.7/ 52.7// 23.5/&lt;!--Edenburg--&gt;
| P40204 = 1276/ 31.5/ 41.3// 27.2/&lt;!--Fauresmith--&gt;
| P40205 = 7203/ 88.5/ 8.4// 3.1/&lt;!--Ha-Rasebei--&gt;
| P40206 = 586/ 18.9/ 81.1///&lt;!--Hydro Park--&gt;
| P40207 = 2770/ 86.4/ 13.4/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Ipopeng--&gt;
| P40208 = 3924/ 92.4/ 7.5// 0.1/&lt;!--Itumeleng--&gt;
| P40209 = 1200/ 34.3/ 30.8// 34.9/&lt;!--Jagersfontein--&gt;
| P40210 = 12524/ 60.3/ 26.2// 13.5/&lt;!--Kopanong--&gt;
| P40211 = 5067/ 89.3/ 10.4// 0.4/&lt;!--Lephoi--&gt;
| P40212 = 3938/ 91.3/ 8.7///&lt;!--Madikgetla--&gt;
| P40213 = 3592/ 93.9/ 6.0/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Maphodi--&gt;
| P40214 = 350/ 14.6/ 14.6// 70.9/&lt;!--Oranjekrag--&gt;
| P40215 = 1170/ 16.9/ 58.8// 24.3/&lt;!--Phillipolis--&gt;
| P40216 = 2411/ 88.5/ 11.5///&lt;!--Poding-Tse-Rolo--&gt;
| P40217 = 3469/ 96.8/ 3.2///&lt;!--Qhoweng--&gt;
| P40218 = 967/ 21.1/ 2.2// 76.7/&lt;!--Reddersburg--&gt;
| P40219 = 1753/ 50.3/ 38.6// 11.1/&lt;!--Springfontein--&gt;
| P40220 = 925/ 15.9/ 64.5// 19.6/&lt;!--Trompsburg--&gt;
| P40221 = 6// 100.0///&lt;!--Waterkloof--&gt;
| P40301 = 9368/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Matlakeng--&gt;
| P40302 = 4037/ 93.3/ 6.7///&lt;!--Mofulatshepe--&gt;
| P40303 = 15131/ 86.1/ 3.0// 10.8/&lt;!--Mohokare--&gt;
| P40304 = 5006/ 99.0/ 0.8// 0.1/&lt;!--Role-le-ya-Thunya--&gt;
| P40305 = 1146/ 59.4/ 14.7// 25.9/&lt;!--Rouxville--&gt;
| P40306 = 500/ 45.2/ 1.2/ 1.2/ 52.4/&lt;!--Smithfield--&gt;
| P40307 = 1125/ 42.5/ 0.3// 57.2/&lt;!--Zastron--&gt;
| P40401 = 930/ 33.5/ 1.0/ 1.3/ 64.2/&lt;!--Dewetsdorp--&gt;
| P40402 = 7107/ 98.8/ 1.1///&lt;!--Morojaneng--&gt;
| P40403 = 8895/ 88.9/ 3.5// 7.6/&lt;!--Naledi--&gt;
| P40404 = 7538/ 98.3/ 1.7///&lt;!--Qibing--&gt;
| P40405 = 847/ 98.2/ 1.8///&lt;!--Thapelang--&gt;
| P40406 = 495/ 86.7/ 1.2// 12.1/&lt;!--Van Standensrus--&gt;
| P40407 = 1663/ 50.8/ 25.2/ 6.0/ 18.0/&lt;!--Wepener--&gt;
| P40501 = 8556/ 97.6/ 1.0// 1.4/&lt;!--Baralong Boo Moroka--&gt;
| P40502 = 111697/ 23.5/ 10.8/ 0.7/ 65.0/&lt;!--Bloemfontein--&gt;
| P40503 = 175822/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Botshabelo--&gt;
| P40504 = 217076/ 97.8/ 2.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mangaung Part 1--&gt;
| P40505 = 3941/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Morago--&gt;
| P40506 = 15397/ 26.6/ 73.0/ 0.3/ 0.1/&lt;!--Opkoms--&gt;
| P40507 = 10002/ 85.8/ 14.2///&lt;!--Peter Swart--&gt;
| P40508 = 7837/ 93.0/ 6.9///&lt;!--Rodenbeck--&gt;
| P40509 = 3630/ 97.3/ 2.7///&lt;!--Sonskyn--&gt;
| P40510 = 67269/ 99.0/ 0.5/ 0.1/ 0.4/&lt;!--Thaba Nchu--&gt;
| P40511 = 24220/ 74.2/ 5.2/ 0.1/ 20.5/&lt;!--Mangaung Part 2--&gt;
| P40601 = 3294/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Borwa--&gt;
| P40602 = 822/ 100.0////&lt;!--Dipeleng--&gt;
| P40603 = 485/ 36.7/// 63.3/&lt;!--Excelsior--&gt;
| P40604 = 2589/ 89.5/ 3.0// 7.5/&lt;!--Hobhouse--&gt;
| P40605 = 4214/ 38.4/ 13.8/ 4.5/ 43.4/&lt;!--Ladybrand--&gt;
| P40606 = 4881/ 99.6/ 0.4/ 0.1//&lt;!--Mahalatswetsa--&gt;
| P40607 = 20377/ 89.9/ 3.9// 6.1/&lt;!--Mantsopa--&gt;
| P40608 = 14177/ 98.9/ 1.0/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Manyatseng--&gt;
| P40609 = 434/ 11.1/ 88.9///&lt;!--Thaba Phatshwa--&gt;
| P40610 = 2989/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--Thusanong--&gt;
| P40611 = 1056/ 41.6/ 34.8/ 0.6/ 23.1/&lt;!--Tweespruit--&gt;
| P40701 = 2492/ 97.7/ 0.1// 2.2/&lt;!--Beatrix Mine--&gt;
| P40702 = 1501/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Boipatong--&gt;
| P40703 = 1516/ 16.4/ 2.0/ 0.4/ 81.2/&lt;!--Brandfort--&gt;
| P40704 = 530/ 98.3/ 1.7///&lt;!--Fora--&gt;
| P40705 = 2254/ 98.1/ 1.9///&lt;!--Ikgomotseng--&gt;
| P40706 = 728/ 100.0////&lt;!--Joel Mine--&gt;
| P40707 = 6110/ 98.9/ 0.9// 0.1/&lt;!--Lusaka--&gt;
| P40708 = 10328/ 98.4/ 1.5// 0.1/&lt;!--Majwemasweu--&gt;
| P40709 = 6629/ 98.6/ 1.4///&lt;!--Makeleketla--&gt;
| P40710 = 14903/ 99.2/ 0.7///&lt;!--Masilo--&gt;
| P40711 = 10304/ 90.0/ 2.2// 7.7/&lt;!--Masilonyana--&gt;
| P40712 = 212/ 92.9/ 1.4// 5.7/&lt;!--Star Diamond Mine--&gt;
| P40713 = 1667/ 28.9/ 0.7// 70.4/&lt;!--Theunissen--&gt;
| P40714 = 1710/ 98.8/ 0.7// 0.5/&lt;!--Tshepong--&gt;
| P40715 = 151/ 19.9/// 80.1/&lt;!--Verkeerdevlei--&gt;
| P40716 = 3371/ 70.5/ 2.8/ 0.4/ 26.3/&lt;!--Winburg--&gt;
| P40801 = 3843/ 62.3/ 19.5/ 0.2/ 17.9/&lt;!--Boshof--&gt;
| P40802 = 361/ 8.3/// 91.7/&lt;!--Dealesville--&gt;
| P40803 = 438/ 14.4/// 85.6/&lt;!--Hertzogville--&gt;
| P40804 = 6409/ 98.6/ 1.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Malebogo--&gt;
| P40805 = 4465/ 94.9/ 5.1///&lt;!--Seretse--&gt;
| P40806 = 13663/ 81.2/ 7.6// 11.1/&lt;!--Tokologo--&gt;
| P40807 = 3270/ 97.4/ 2.6///&lt;!--Tswaraganang--&gt;
| P40901 = 1034/ 16.0/ 0.3/ 0.9/ 82.9/&lt;!--Bultfontein--&gt;
| P40902 = 662/ 30.4/ 3.6// 66.0/&lt;!--Hoopstad--&gt;
| P40903 = 20063/ 99.0/ 0.8// 0.1/&lt;!--Phahameng--&gt;
| P40904 = 11032/ 97.4/ 2.5/ 0.1//&lt;!--Tikwana--&gt;
| P40905 = 20913/ 94.8/ 1.5// 3.6/&lt;!--Tswelopele--&gt;
| P41001 = 2822/ 49.0/ 2.1// 48.9/&lt;!--Allanridge--&gt;
| P41002 = 53/ 100.0////&lt;!--Erfdeel Mine--&gt;
| P41003 = 605/ 100.0////&lt;!--Free State Geduld Gold Mine--&gt;
| P41004 = 2931/ 27.1/ 0.9/ 0.3/ 71.6/&lt;!--Hennenman--&gt;
| P41005 = 1221/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Jurgenshof Unisel Gold Mine--&gt;
| P41006 = 58959/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Kutlwanong--&gt;
| P41007 = 540/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Loraine Mine--&gt;
| P41008 = 21469/ 92.9/ 0.7// 6.4/&lt;!--Matjhabeng--&gt;
| P41009 = 48333/ 99.6/ 0.3///&lt;!--Meloding--&gt;
| P41010 = 9078/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Mmamahabane--&gt;
| P41011 = 16837/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Nyakallong--&gt;
| P41012 = 8653/ 40.0/ 0.9/ 0.5/ 58.7/&lt;!--Odendaalsrus--&gt;
| P41013 = 18146/ 99.6/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Phomolong--&gt;
| P41014 = 174/ 98.3/// 1.7/&lt;!--President Brand Gold Mine--&gt;
| P41015 = 8974/ 37.2/ 1.2// 61.6/&lt;!--Riebeeckstad--&gt;
| P41016 = 391/ 99.2/// 0.8/&lt;!--Rustgevonden--&gt;
| P41017 = 27/ 100.0////&lt;!--Saaiplaas Mine--&gt;
| P41018 = 148206/ 95.0/ 4.9// 0.1/&lt;!--Thabong--&gt;
| P41019 = 1069/ 35.5/ 1.1/ 1.4/ 61.9/&lt;!--Ventersburg--&gt;
| P41020 = 21188/ 56.7/ 0.9/ 0.8/ 41.6/&lt;!--Virginia--&gt;
| P41021 = 1166/ 100.0////&lt;!--Virginia Mine--&gt;
| P41022 = 34161/ 46.4/ 1.9/ 0.6/ 51.1/&lt;!--Welkom--&gt;
| P41023 = 2754/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Western Holdings Gold Mine--&gt;
| P41024 = 411/ 96.4/// 3.6/&lt;!--Whites--&gt;
| P41101 = 2828/ 15.4/ 0.3/ 0.4/ 83.8/&lt;!--Bothaville--&gt;
| P41102 = 46371/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Kgotsong--&gt;
| P41103 = 26022/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Monyakeng--&gt;
| P41104 = 21938/ 93.6/ 0.7// 5.7/&lt;!--Nala--&gt;
| P41105 = 1101/ 10.4/ 0.5// 89.1/&lt;!--Wesselsbron--&gt;
| P41201 = 1366/ 48.8// 3.1/ 48.2/&lt;!--Clocolan--&gt;
| P41202 = 8307/ 55.3/ 7.8/ 6.3/ 30.5/&lt;!--Ficksburg--&gt;
| P41203 = 15275/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Hlohlolwane--&gt;
| P41204 = 1255/ 98.6/ 1.4///&lt;!--Mafeleng--&gt;
| P41205 = 1024/ 36.3/ 1.5/ 4.7/ 57.5/&lt;!--Marquard--&gt;
| P41206 = 19218/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Matwabeng--&gt;
| P41207 = 25900/ 99.2/ 0.7// 0.1/&lt;!--Meqheleng--&gt;
| P41208 = 12067/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Moemaneng--&gt;
| P41209 = 3333/ 58.7/ 0.9/ 1.0/ 39.4/&lt;!--Senekal--&gt;
| P41210 = 35434/ 96.0/ 0.2// 3.8/&lt;!--Setsoto--&gt;
| P41301 = 11815/ 20.7/ 12.1/ 0.9/ 66.3/&lt;!--Bethlehem--&gt;
| P41302 = 54882/ 99.2/ 0.3// 0.5/&lt;!--Bohlokong--&gt;
| P41303 = 4084/ 86.3/ 0.4// 13.3/&lt;!--Clarens--&gt;
| P41304 = 38834/ 92.4/ 0.2// 7.5/&lt;!--Dihlabeng--&gt;
| P41305 = 5231/ 97.7/ 2.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Fateng-Tse-Ntsho--&gt;
| P41306 = 2107/ 81.9/ 1.4/ 2.6/ 14.1/&lt;!--Fouriesburg--&gt;
| P41307 = 8815/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Masjaing--&gt;
| P41308 = 2447/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Mautse--&gt;
| P41309 = 484/ 24.4/ 1.2// 74.4/&lt;!--Paul Roux--&gt;
| P41310 = 176/ 13.6/ 11.9// 74.4/&lt;!--Rosendal--&gt;
| P41311 = 27/ 77.8/ 11.1// 11.1/&lt;!--Vaalbank--&gt;
| P41401 = 222/ 58.1/ 1.4/ 4.1/ 36.5/&lt;!--Arlington--&gt;
| P41402 = 2021/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Cremona--&gt;
| P41403 = 3429/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Leratswana--&gt;
| P41404 = 1621/ 68.0/ 0.9/ 0.7/ 30.3/&lt;!--Lindley--&gt;
| P41405 = 8121/ 99.6/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Mamafubedu--&gt;
| P41406 = 21423/ 95.0/ 0.2// 4.9/&lt;!--Nketoana--&gt;
| P41407 = 8500/ 99.5/ 0.4///&lt;!--Ntha--&gt;
| P41408 = 1163/ 49.7// 0.5/ 49.8/&lt;!--Petrus Steyn--&gt;
| P41409 = 13670/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Petsana--&gt;
| P41410 = 1781/ 22.4/ 0.2/ 0.5/ 76.9/&lt;!--Reitz--&gt;
| P41501 = 16077/ 99.3/ 0.6///&lt;!--42nd Hill--&gt;
| P41502 = 29932/ 99.9////&lt;!--Bolata--&gt;
| P41503 = 6345/ 43.4/ 0.5/ 2.9/ 53.1/&lt;!--Harrismith--&gt;
| P41504 = 3685/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Intabazwe--&gt;
| P41505 = 889/ 32.1// 0.3/ 67.6/&lt;!--Kestell--&gt;
| P41506 = 23727/ 99.7/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Mabolela--&gt;
| P41507 = 15142/ 96.6/ 0.2// 3.2/&lt;!--Maluti a Phofung--&gt;
| P41508 = 23858/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Matsieng--&gt;
| P41509 = 50438/ 99.9////&lt;!--Monontsha--&gt;
| P41510 = 86965/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Namahadi--&gt;
| P41511 = 6413/ 99.9////&lt;!--Phomolong--&gt;
| P41512 = 53175/ 99.5/ 0.2/ 0.2/ 0.1/&lt;!--Phuthaditjhaba--&gt;
| P41513 = 8131/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Thaba Bosiu--&gt;
| P41514 = 8876/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Thaba Tshweu--&gt;
| P41515 = 5039/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Thibela--&gt;
| P41516 = 4824/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Tlholong--&gt;
| P41517 = 12963/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--Tshiame--&gt;
| P41518 = 4307/ 100.0////&lt;!--Witsieshoek--&gt;
| P41601 = 469/ 23.7/// 76.3/&lt;!--Memel--&gt;
| P41602 = 21209/ 94.2/ 0.2// 5.6/&lt;!--Phumelela--&gt;
| P41603 = 15952/ 99.5/ 0.4///&lt;!--Thembalihle--&gt;
| P41604 = 1482/ 19.8// 0.6/ 79.7/&lt;!--Vrede--&gt;
| P41605 = 1063/ 39.3/ 0.8/ 1.1/ 58.7/&lt;!--Warden--&gt;
| P41606 = 5008/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Zamani--&gt;
| P41607 = 5720/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Zenzeleni--&gt;
| P41701 = 23992/ 29.8/ 15.9/ 0.7/ 53.6/&lt;!--Kroonstad--&gt;
| P41702 = 67929/ 99.3/ 0.6// 0.1/&lt;!--Maokeng--&gt;
| P41703 = 6441/ 99.5/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Matlwangtlwang--&gt;
| P41704 = 35362/ 93.1/ 0.9// 6.0/&lt;!--Moqhaka--&gt;
| P41705 = 24578/ 99.4/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Rammulutsi--&gt;
| P41706 = 1192/ 27.2/ 0.3/ 1.5/ 71.1/&lt;!--Steynsrus--&gt;
| P41707 = 5050/ 100.0////&lt;!--Vaal Reefs Mine--&gt;
| P41708 = 832/ 22.2/// 77.8/&lt;!--Vierfontein--&gt;
| P41709 = 2514/ 31.8/ 0.5// 67.7/&lt;!--Viljoenskroon--&gt;
| P41801 = 896/ 63.4/ 0.7/ 1.3/ 34.6/&lt;!--Edenville--&gt;
| P41802 = 9652/ 67.3/ 17.5/ 0.2/ 15.0/&lt;!--Heilbron--&gt;
| P41803 = 967/ 32.6/ 0.9/ 1.2/ 65.3/&lt;!--Koppies--&gt;
| P41804 = 7830/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Kwakwatsi--&gt;
| P41805 = 8637/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Mokwallo--&gt;
| P41806 = 22811/ 89.0/ 0.6// 10.4/&lt;!--Ngwathe Part 1--&gt;
| P41807 = 10716/ 20.7/ 10.3/ 0.1/ 68.9/&lt;!--Parys--&gt;
| P41808 = 15874/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Phiritona--&gt;
| P41809 = 33084/ 99.2/ 0.5// 0.2/&lt;!--Tumahole--&gt;
| P41810 = 3053/ 69.9/ 9.2/ 0.3/ 20.6/&lt;!--Vredefort--&gt;
| P41811 = 5294/ 99.4/ 0.6// 0.1/&lt;!--Ngwathe Part 2--&gt;
| P41901 = 666/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bertha Village--&gt;
| P41902 = 30/ 90.0// 10.0//&lt;!--Coalbrook--&gt;
| P41903 = 1124/ 24.2/ 0.5// 75.4/&lt;!--Deneysville--&gt;
| P41904 = 614/ 41.5/ 2.0/ 0.5/ 56.2/&lt;!--Holly Country--&gt;
| P41905 = 11723/ 89.1/ 1.7/ 0.1/ 9.1/&lt;!--Metsimaholo Part 2--&gt;
| P41906 = 297/ 11.1// 2.0/ 86.9/&lt;!--Oranjeville--&gt;
| P41907 = 13792/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Refengkgotso--&gt;
| P41908 = 209/ 28.7/ 5.7/ 4.3/ 61.2/&lt;!--Richmond Valley--&gt;
| P41909 = 24568/ 28.2/ 0.7/ 0.6/ 70.4/&lt;!--Sasolburg--&gt;
| P41910 = 1301/ 10.6/ 2.8// 86.6/&lt;!--Taaibos--&gt;
| P41911 = 798/ 98.9/ 1.1///&lt;!--Vaal Power--&gt;
| P41912 = 589/ 93.9/// 6.1/&lt;!--Viljoensdrift--&gt;
| P41913 = 57070/ 99.5/ 0.2// 0.2/&lt;!--Zamdela--&gt;
| P41914 = 3193/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Metsimaholo Part 1--&gt;
| P42001 = 1502/ 91.0/// 9.0/&lt;!--Cornelia--&gt;
| P42002 = 1900/ 12.6/ 0.3/ 0.6/ 86.4/&lt;!--Frankfort--&gt;
| P42003 = 5367/ 90.3/ 2.0/ 0.4/ 7.3/&lt;!--Mafahlaneng--&gt;
| P42004 = 9363/ 91.7/ 0.4// 8.0/&lt;!--Mafube--&gt;
| P42005 = 19413/ 99.4/ 0.5/ 0.1//&lt;!--Namahadi--&gt;
| P42006 = 1867/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Ntshwanatsatsi--&gt;
| P42007 = 17244/ 99.4/ 0.2// 0.4/&lt;!--Qalabotjha--&gt;
| P42008 = 984/ 9.8/// 90.2/&lt;!--Villiers--&gt;
| P49101 = 174/ 96.6/// 3.4/&lt;!--Golden Gate Highlands National Park--&gt;
| P50101 = 4682/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Cele--&gt;
| P50102 = 10606/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Emandleni--&gt;
| P50103 = 13462/ 99.5/ 0.2/ 0.3/ 0.1/&lt;!--Ezembeni--&gt;
| P50104 = 5291/ 100.0////&lt;!--Isimahla--&gt;
| P50105 = 1104/ 100.0////&lt;!--Izimpethu Endlovu--&gt;
| P50106 = 5619/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Izimpethu Zendlovu &amp; EM--&gt;
| P50107 = 6200/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mapumulo--&gt;
| P50108 = 3725/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mbhele--&gt;
| P50109 = 1892/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nyuswa--&gt;
| P50110 = 3074/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Qiko--&gt;
| P50111 = 14637/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Thoyana--&gt;
| P50112 = 2090/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ukuthula--&gt;
| P50113 = 6397/ 93.5/ 0.8/ 5.4/ 0.3/&lt;!--Umzinto--&gt;
| P50114 = 4272/ 94.6/ 0.3/ 3.1/ 2.0/&lt;!--Vulamehlo--&gt;
| P50201 = 193/ 29.5/ 1.6// 68.9/&lt;!--Bazley Beach--&gt;
| P50202 = 12338/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Cele--&gt;
| P50203 = 163/ 16.6/ 5.5// 77.9/&lt;!--Elysium--&gt;
| P50204 = 9962/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Emalangeni--&gt;
| P50205 = 9872/ 99.9////&lt;!--Ezembeni--&gt;
| P50206 = 234/ 37.2/ 47.4/ 9.0/ 6.4/&lt;!--Ifafa Beach--&gt;
| P50207 = 217/ 1.4/// 98.6/&lt;!--Ifafa Marina--&gt;
| P50208 = 1178/ 45.9/ 0.5/ 9.7/ 43.8/&lt;!--Kelso--&gt;
| P50209 = 368/ 16.3// 0.8/ 82.9/&lt;!--Mtwalume--&gt;
| P50210 = 2923/ 19.7/ 4.6/ 62.9/ 12.7/&lt;!--Park Rynie--&gt;
| P50211 = 1278/ 9.2/ 0.7/ 6.8/ 83.3/&lt;!--Pennington--&gt;
| P50212 = 3107/ 9.2/ 0.9/ 7.6/ 82.3/&lt;!--Scottburgh--&gt;
| P50213 = 1604/ 21.7/ 0.7/ 70.6/ 7.0/&lt;!--Sezela--&gt;
| P50214 = 4138/ 71.7/ 1.9/ 14.1/ 12.3/&lt;!--Umdoni--&gt;
| P50215 = 14720/ 41.7/ 1.9/ 56.1/ 0.2/&lt;!--Umzinto--&gt;
| P50301 = 477/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bhekani--&gt;
| P50302 = 24598/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Cele--&gt;
| P50303 = 5363/ 99.2/ 0.4// 0.4/&lt;!--Dungeni--&gt;
| P50304 = 6065/ 100.0////&lt;!--Emandleni--&gt;
| P50305 = 3853/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hlongwa--&gt;
| P50306 = 8776/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mbhele/  Amaphuthu--&gt; 
| P50307 = 18178/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ndelu--&gt;
| P50308 = 16764/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Nhlangwini--&gt;
| P50309 = 19130/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Nyavini--&gt;
| P50310 = 14177/ 100.0////&lt;!--Qoloqolo--&gt;
| P50311 = 10504/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Qwabe P--&gt;
| P50312 = 1541/ 100.0////&lt;!--Shiyabanye--&gt;
| P50313 = 10652/ 99.4/ 0.2/ 0.4//&lt;!--St Faith--&gt;
| P50314 = 45733/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--Thulini--&gt;
| P50315 = 546/ 100.0////&lt;!--Umzinto--&gt;
| P50316 = 7428/ 99.5/// 0.4/&lt;!--Umzumbe--&gt;
| P50401 = 7802/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Dlamini--&gt;
| P50402 = 2303/ 100.0////&lt;!--Duma--&gt;
| P50403 = 5236/ 65.3/ 25.5/ 6.7/ 2.5/&lt;!--Harding--&gt;
| P50404 = 2932/ 100.0////&lt;!--Machi--&gt;
| P50405 = 47252/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Machi/  Zibonda--&gt; 
| P50406 = 6634/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mbotho--&gt;
| P50407 = 14395/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nhlangano--&gt;
| P50408 = 66/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nyuswa--&gt;
| P50409 = 1110/ 98.4/ 1.6///&lt;!--Quebela--&gt;
| P50410 = 1069/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Shwawu--&gt;
| P50411 = 2971/ 85.3/ 4.7/ 1.8/ 8.2/&lt;!--uMuziwabantu--&gt;
| P50412 = 579/ 83.4/ 1.6/ 4.7/ 10.4/&lt;!--Weza--&gt;
| P50501 = 3386/ 86.9/ 0.9/ 4.2/ 8.0/&lt;!--Ezingoleni--&gt;
| P50502 = 14661/ 99.9/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mthimude--&gt;
| P50503 = 0/////&lt;!--Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P50504 = 9622/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Qinisela Manyuswa--&gt;
| P50505 = 26757/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Vuxuzithathe--&gt;
| P50601 = 376/ 19.1/ 0.8// 80.1/&lt;!--Anerley--&gt;
| P50602 = 27// 11.1// 88.9/&lt;!--Brevo--&gt;
| P50603 = 13570/ 99.6/ 0.2/ 0.2/ 0.1/&lt;!--Gamalakhe--&gt;
| P50604 = 1016/ 26.4/ 1.5/ 2.1/ 70.2/&lt;!--Hibberdene--&gt;
| P50605 = 11130/ 84.2/ 1.1/ 4.5/ 10.2/&lt;!--Hibiscus Coast--&gt;
| P50606 = 48024/ 99.7/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Kwaxolo--&gt;
| P50607 = 8106/ 99.2/ 0.3// 0.5/&lt;!--Lushaba--&gt;
| P50608 = 7896/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Madlala--&gt;
| P50609 = 7586/ 20.8/ 16.3/ 62.5/ 0.4/&lt;!--Marburg--&gt;
| P50610 = 8654/ 52.9/ 1.0/ 2.1/ 44.0/&lt;!--Margate--&gt;
| P50611 = 123/ 26.8/// 73.2/&lt;!--Marina Beach--&gt;
| P50612 = 20066/ 99.6/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Mavundla--&gt;
| P50613 = 327/ 67.0/// 33.0/&lt;!--Melville--&gt;
| P50614 = 21/ 71.4/// 28.6/&lt;!--Mt Amvuna Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P50615 = 114/ 15.8/ 10.5/ 10.5/ 63.2/&lt;!--Munster--&gt;
| P50616 = 36335/ 99.4/ 0.5///&lt;!--Nsimbini/  Ndwalane--&gt; 
| P50617 = 22279/ 99.0/ 0.4/ 0.5/ 0.1/&lt;!--Nzimakwe--&gt;
| P50618 = 2052/ 26.1/ 3.8/ 27.4/ 42.7/&lt;!--Oslo Beach--&gt;
| P50619 = 2963/ 33.0/ 1.0/ 3.4/ 62.5/&lt;!--Port Edward--&gt;
| P50620 = 7546/ 36.8/ 4.7/ 49.8/ 8.8/&lt;!--Port Shepstone Part 1--&gt;
| P50621 = 406/ 20.0/ 0.7// 79.3/&lt;!--Pumula--&gt;
| P50622 = 1490/ 41.1/ 0.4/ 0.2/ 58.3/&lt;!--Ramsgate--&gt;
| P50623 = 81/ 37.0/// 63.0/&lt;!--San Lameer--&gt;
| P50624 = 1249/ 24.7/ 2.9/ 10.8/ 61.6/&lt;!--Sea Park--&gt;
| P50625 = 869/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sentombi--&gt;
| P50626 = 2713/ 22.7/ 1.8/ 3.5/ 72.0/&lt;!--Shelly Beach--&gt;
| P50627 = 862/ 30.6/ 2.8/ 1.7/ 64.8/&lt;!--Southbroom--&gt;
| P50628 = 959/ 32.8// 5.6/ 61.5/&lt;!--Southport--&gt;
| P50629 = 626/ 41.5/ 1.9/ 3.8/ 52.7/&lt;!--Sunwich Port--&gt;
| P50630 = 424/ 19.8/// 80.2/&lt;!--Trafalgar--&gt;
| P50631 = 3445/ 20.5/ 0.8/ 2.8/ 75.9/&lt;!--Umtentweni--&gt;
| P50632 = 379/ 85.0// 14.2/ 0.8/&lt;!--Umzinto--&gt;
| P50633 = 452/ 48.7/ 7.3// 44.0/&lt;!--Umzumbe--&gt;
| P50634 = 3879/ 20.9/ 0.8/ 1.5/ 76.8/&lt;!--Uvongo--&gt;
| P50635 = 2090/ 97.8// 0.3/ 1.9/&lt;!--Port Shepstone Part 2--&gt;
| P50701 = 313/ 61.0/ 1.0/ 5.8/ 32.3/&lt;!--Albert Falls--&gt;
| P50702 = 590/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bomvu--&gt;
| P50703 = 2112/ 28.9/ 1.1/ 69.9/ 0.1/&lt;!--Cool Air--&gt;
| P50704 = 799/ 66.1/ 1.1/ 14.0/ 18.8/&lt;!--Dalton--&gt;
| P50705 = 38579/ 100.0////&lt;!--Gcumisa--&gt;
| P50706 = 6148/ 98.6/ 1.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Mpolweni--&gt;
| P50707 = 10925/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mthuli--&gt;
| P50708 = 1393/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nadi Part 1--&gt;
| P50709 = 1206/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndlovu--&gt;
| P50710 = 1991/ 91.2/ 0.6/ 2.8/ 5.4/&lt;!--New Hanover--&gt;
| P50711 = 6498/ 99.8// 0.1//&lt;!--Ngubane--&gt;
| P50712 = 2201/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ntanzi--&gt;
| P50713 = 2966/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Thokozane--&gt;
| P50714 = 5242/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Trust Feed--&gt;
| P50715 = 25504/ 95.1/ 0.2/ 0.5/ 4.2/&lt;!--uMshwathi--&gt;
| P50716 = 905/ 28.8// 2.3/ 68.8/&lt;!--Wartburg--&gt;
| P50717 = 646/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nadi Part 2--&gt;
| P50801 = 4675/ 11.1/ 0.4/ 3.5/ 85.0/&lt;!--Hilton--&gt;
| P50802 = 11057/ 13.7/ 7.0/ 30.5/ 48.8/&lt;!--Howick--&gt;
| P50803 = 24/ 75.0/// 25.0/&lt;!--Karkloof Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P50804 = 3088/ 84.3/ 0.7/ 2.1/ 13.0/&lt;!--Kwamavana--&gt;
| P50805 = 952/ 95.0/ 0.6/ 4.4//&lt;!--Lidgetton--&gt;
| P50806 = 811/ 99.3/// 0.7/&lt;!--Mashingeni--&gt;
| P50807 = 2088/ 98.7/ 0.3/ 1.0//&lt;!--Mathandubisi--&gt;
| P50808 = 548/ 89.6/ 1.1/ 2.2/ 7.1/&lt;!--Midmar Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P50809 = 792/ 22.0// 2.7/ 75.4/&lt;!--Mount Michael--&gt;
| P50810 = 21139/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Mpophomeni--&gt;
| P50811 = 4144/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nxamalala--&gt;
| P50812 = 78/ 57.7/// 42.3/&lt;!--Umgeni Valley Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P50813 = 24499/ 84.5/ 0.6/ 1.1/ 13.7/&lt;!--uMngeni--&gt;
| P50901 = 23104/ 92.9/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 6.9/&lt;!--Mooi Mpofana--&gt;
| P50902 = 13408/ 86.4/ 1.3/ 5.3/ 7.0/&lt;!--Mooi River--&gt;
| P50903 = 299/ 62.5// 7.0/ 30.1/&lt;!--Rossetta--&gt;
| P51001 = 675/ 100.0////&lt;!--Batlokoa--&gt;
| P51002 = 2255/ 89.7/ 0.7/ 0.4/ 9.2/&lt;!--Impendle Part 3--&gt;
| P51003 = 28661/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Nxamalala--&gt;
| P51004 = 189/ 98.4/ 1.6///&lt;!--Polela--&gt;
| P51005 = 1562/ 100.0////&lt;!--Impendle Part 1--&gt;
| P51006 = 238/ 95.0// 5.0//&lt;!--Impendle Part 2--&gt;
| P51101 = 13531/ 99.7/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Ashdown--&gt;
| P51102 = 79573/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Edendale--&gt;
| P51103 = 79115/ 99.6/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Imbali--&gt;
| P51104 = 34131/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Inadi--&gt;
| P51105 = 36186/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mafunze--&gt;
| P51106 = 55260/ 99.7/ 0.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Mpumuza--&gt;
| P51107 = 5315/ 64.6/ 1.7/ 8.1/ 25.6/&lt;!--Msunduzi--&gt;
| P51108 = 14417/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Nxamalala--&gt;
| P51109 = 223519/ 43.8/ 7.9/ 28.8/ 19.4/&lt;!--Pietermaritzburg--&gt;
| P51110 = 8155/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Sobantu--&gt;
| P51111 = 1073/ 100.0////&lt;!--Wilgerfontein--&gt;
| P51112 = 2947/ 99.1/ 0.9///&lt;!--Ximba--&gt;
| P51201 = 799/ 30.5/ 2.3/ 19.6/ 47.6/&lt;!--Camperdown--&gt;
| P51202 = 18615/ 100.0////&lt;!--Embo--&gt;
| P51203 = 2378/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ilanga--&gt;
| P51204 = 450/ 100.0////&lt;!--Macala--&gt;
| P51205 = 8857/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mapumulu--&gt;
| P51206 = 11477/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mdluli--&gt;
| P51207 = 16489/ 90.4/ 0.4/ 2.2/ 7.0/&lt;!--Mkhambathini--&gt;
| P51301 = 2847/ 100.0////&lt;!--Esiphahleni--&gt;
| P51302 = 15050/ 91.7/ 0.5/ 1.0/ 6.8/&lt;!--Richmond Part 1--&gt;
| P51303 = 10790/ 100.0////&lt;!--Vumakwenza--&gt;
| P51304 = 20367/ 99.7/ 0.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Vumindaba--&gt;
| P51305 = 14162/ 87.6/ 3.0/ 5.5/ 3.9/&lt;!--Richmond Part 2--&gt;
| P51401 = 57273/ 99.9////&lt;!--Abantungwa/  Kholwa--&gt; 
| P51402 = 4476/ 89.8/ 0.5/ 1.9/ 7.8/&lt;!--Colenso--&gt;
| P51403 = 12316/ 95.2/ 0.6// 4.1/&lt;!--Emnambithi/  Ladysmith--&gt; 
| P51404 = 59943/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ezakheni--&gt;
| P51405 = 27696/ 99.9////&lt;!--Kliprivier--&gt;
| P51406 = 381/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kliprivier NU--&gt;
| P51407 = 41425/ 48.8/ 4.7/ 27.2/ 19.4/&lt;!--Ladysmith--&gt;
| P51408 = 2301/ 99.7/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mchunu--&gt;
| P51409 = 6920/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mthembu--&gt;
| P51410 = 11898/ 99.5/ 0.4/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Mvelani--&gt;
| P51411 = 824/ 70.6/ 12.3/ 17.1//&lt;!--Nkankezi--&gt;
| P51501 = 12384/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ekuvukeni--&gt;
| P51502 = 747/ 96.4/// 3.6/&lt;!--Indaka--&gt;
| P51503 = 5203/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ingwe--&gt;
| P51504 = 998/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kliprivier--&gt;
| P51505 = 7034/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mabaso--&gt;
| P51506 = 8895/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mbhense--&gt;
| P51507 = 19417/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mchunu--&gt;
| P51508 = 23000/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mthembu--&gt;
| P51509 = 9205/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nxumalo--&gt;
| P51510 = 8015/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sgweje--&gt;
| P51511 = 18742/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sithole--&gt;
| P51601 = 13958/ 37.4/ 9.6/ 37.0/ 16.1/&lt;!--Estcourt--&gt;
| P51602 = 2978/ 98.4/ 0.6/ 0.3/ 0.7/&lt;!--Khwezi--&gt;
| P51603 = 2702/ 98.0/ 1.4/ 0.6//&lt;!--Kwanobamba--&gt;
| P51604 = 21630/ 95.5/ 0.5/ 1.2/ 2.8/&lt;!--Umtshezi--&gt;
| P51605 = 1157/ 98.2/ 0.5// 1.3/&lt;!--Weenen--&gt;
| P51606 = 17497/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Wembezi--&gt;
| P51701 = 67829/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amangwane--&gt;
| P51702 = 16010/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amazizi--&gt;
| P51703 = 27670/ 99.6/ 0.2/ 0.2//&lt;!--Bergville Part 1--&gt;
| P51704 = 75/ 28.0/// 72.0/&lt;!--Drakensberg--&gt;
| P51705 = 231/ 28.6/ 1.3// 70.1/&lt;!--Driefontein--&gt;
| P51706 = 988/ 100.0////&lt;!--Estcourt--&gt;
| P51707 = 209/ 56.9/// 43.1/&lt;!--Geluksburg--&gt;
| P51708 = 199/ 51.8/ 6.0// 42.2/&lt;!--Jagersrust--&gt;
| P51709 = 3/ 100.0////&lt;!--Northern Natal Drakensberg--&gt;
| P51710 = 21277/ 90.5/ 0.3/ 0.3/ 8.9/&lt;!--Okhahlamba--&gt;
| P51711 = 15/ 80.0/// 20.0/&lt;!--Rugged Glen Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P51712 = 48/ 68.8/// 31.3/&lt;!--Spioenkop Dam Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P51713 = 78/ 73.1// 11.5/ 15.4/&lt;!--Van Reenen--&gt;
| P51714 = 2186/ 86.6/ 0.3/ 1.0/ 12.2/&lt;!--Winterton--&gt;
| P51715 = 702/ 55.0/ 0.9/ 11.1/ 32.9/&lt;!--Bergville Part 2--&gt;
| P51801 = 9554/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Abambo--&gt;
| P51802 = 43535/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amangwe--&gt;
| P51803 = 3983/ 100.0////&lt;!--Dlamini--&gt;
| P51804 = 11772/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Estcourt--&gt;
| P51805 = 4697/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Hlubi--&gt;
| P51806 = 1067/ 90.7// 0.3/ 9.0/&lt;!--Imbabazane--&gt;
| P51807 = 15849/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mabaso--&gt;
| P51808 = 22274/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mhlungwini--&gt;
| P51809 = 7211/ 99.9////&lt;!--Zwelisha--&gt;
| P51901 = 12268/ 48.3/ 13.0/ 19.0/ 19.7/&lt;!--Dundee--&gt;
| P51902 = 7859/ 92.8/ 0.8/ 0.5/ 5.9/&lt;!--Endumeni--&gt;
| P51903 = 370/ 100.0////&lt;!--eSbongile--&gt;
| P51904 = 8074/ 99.3/ 0.6// 0.1/&lt;!--eSibongile--&gt;
| P51905 = 6116/ 48.1/ 3.0/ 21.7/ 27.2/&lt;!--Glencoe--&gt;
| P51906 = 7328/ 99.4/ 0.2/ 0.4/ 0.1/&lt;!--Sbongile--&gt;
| P51907 = 7953/ 99.4/ 0.5///&lt;!--Sithembile--&gt;
| P51908 = 1123/ 73.5/ 0.8/ 25.5/ 0.3/&lt;!--Wasbank--&gt;
| P52001 = 9050/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Buthanani--&gt;
| P52002 = 8877/ 100.0////&lt;!--Emandleni--&gt;
| P52003 = 2191/ 100.0////&lt;!--Godide--&gt;
| P52004 = 5135/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hlatshwayo--&gt;
| P52005 = 26233/ 100.0////&lt;!--Khiphinkunzi--&gt;
| P52006 = 2963/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mangidini--&gt;
| P52007 = 6083/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mbokodwebomvu--&gt;
| P52008 = 61029/ 100.0////&lt;!--Molefe--&gt;
| P52009 = 7173/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Nondweni--&gt;
| P52010 = 8113/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Nqutu--&gt;
| P52011 = 4335/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Vulindlela--&gt;
| P52012 = 3834/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zondi--&gt;
| P52201 = 9655/ 100.0////&lt;!--Baso--&gt;
| P52202 = 30307/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bomvu--&gt;
| P52203 = 41560/ 100.0////&lt;!--Chunu--&gt;
| P52204 = 753/ 100.0////&lt;!--Gwazumlungu Nlovu--&gt;
| P52205 = 108/ 100.0////&lt;!--Khanyile--&gt;
| P52206 = 1099/ 100.0////&lt;!--Majozi--&gt;
| P52207 = 457/ 98.0/ 2.0///&lt;!--Mawuzini--&gt;
| P52208 = 1850/ 95.7/// 4.4/&lt;!--Msinga--&gt;
| P52209 = 19160/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mthembu--&gt;
| P52210 = 1756/ 97.8/ 0.2/ 0.2/ 1.9/&lt;!--Mtungwa--&gt;
| P52211 = 1772/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngome--&gt;
| P52212 = 5849/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngubane--&gt;
| P52213 = 1135/ 100.0////&lt;!--Othame--&gt;
| P52214 = 998/ 89.8/ 1.5/ 8.1/ 0.6/&lt;!--Pomeroy--&gt;
| P52215 = 50867/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Qamu--&gt;
| P52216 = 694/ 100.0////&lt;!--Qizi Mtshshali--&gt;
| P52301 = 13734/ 99.9////&lt;!--Amakhabela--&gt;
| P52302 = 18054/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bomvu--&gt;
| P52303 = 6447/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Cele Nhlangwini--&gt;
| P52304 = 8530/ 99.8/ 0.2/ 0.1//&lt;!--Enhlalakahle--&gt;
| P52305 = 7290/ 44.3/ 4.2/ 30.7/ 20.9/&lt;!--Greytown--&gt;
| P52306 = 21/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hlongwa--&gt;
| P52307 = 834/ 76.6/ 1.8/ 14.0/ 7.6/&lt;!--Kranskop--&gt;
| P52308 = 2195/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mgome--&gt;
| P52309 = 9031/ 99.6/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mthembu--&gt;
| P52310 = 5006/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngcolosi--&gt;
| P52311 = 214/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ntanzi--&gt;
| P52312 = 20935/ 94.2/ 0.5/ 0.7/ 4.6/&lt;!--Umvoti--&gt;
| P52401 = 3204/ 99.0/ 0.2/ 0.2/ 0.7/&lt;!--Charlestown--&gt;
| P52402 = 73931/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hlubi--&gt;
| P52403 = 116798/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Madadeni--&gt;
| P52404 = 44123/ 35.2/ 4.1/ 22.4/ 38.4/&lt;!--Newcastle Part 1--&gt;
| P52405 = 1206/ 81.6/ 1.7// 16.7/&lt;!--Ngagane--&gt;
| P52406 = 80265/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Osizweni--&gt;
| P52408 = 13449/ 91.9/ 0.6/ 0.9/ 6.6/&lt;!--Newcastle Part 2--&gt;
| P52501 = 24969/ 96.6/ 0.1// 3.3/&lt;!--Utrecht Part 1--&gt;
| P52502 = 2948/ 90.9/ 1.4/ 1.7/ 5.9/&lt;!--Waterval--&gt;
| P52503 = 4365/ 57.0/ 12.6/ 0.4/ 30.0/&lt;!--Utrecht Part 2--&gt;
| P52601 = 7397/ 92.1/ 1.0/ 0.1/ 6.8/&lt;!--Dannhauser Part 2--&gt;
| P52602 = 1598/ 76.7/ 1.9/ 5.3/ 16.1/&lt;!--Durnacol--&gt;
| P52603 = 565/ 93.6// 6.4//&lt;!--Ekudabuleni--&gt;
| P52604 = 8451/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Gule--&gt;
| P52605 = 476/ 76.1// 0.6/ 23.3/&lt;!--Hattingspruit--&gt;
| P52606 = 79377/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hlubi--&gt;
| P52607 = 4903/ 61.8/ 0.7/ 31.8/ 5.7/&lt;!--Dannhauser Part 1--&gt;
| P52701 = 41289/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Dlamini--&gt;
| P52702 = 6942/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Dumbe--&gt;
| P52703 = 22868/ 97.2/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 2.6/&lt;!--eDumbe--&gt;
| P52704 = 9471/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mthethwa--&gt;
| P52705 = 1462/ 36.8// 1.8/ 61.4/&lt;!--Paulpietersburg--&gt;
| P52706 = 197/ 98.5/// 1.5/&lt;!--Pongola Bush Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P52801 = 2073/ 100.0////&lt;!--Dlamini--&gt;
| P52802 = 149/ 79.2/// 20.8/&lt;!--Itala Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P52803 = 6728/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Msibi--&gt;
| P52804 = 49672/ 99.9////&lt;!--Ntshangase--&gt;
| P52805 = 2562/ 36.5/ 1.2/ 2.5/ 59.8/&lt;!--Pongola--&gt;
| P52806 = 24908/ 99.7/ 0.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Sibiya/  Masidla--&gt; 
| P52807 = 10813/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Simelane--&gt;
| P52808 = 22865/ 95.9/ 0.1// 3.9/&lt;!--uPhongolo--&gt;
| P52901 = 47386/ 98.4/ 0.2// 1.4/&lt;!--Abaqulusi--&gt;
| P52902 = 20336/ 99.5/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 0.2/&lt;!--Bhekuzulu--&gt;
| P52903 = 2430/ 96.9/// 3.1/&lt;!--Coronation--&gt;
| P52904 = 22085/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--eMondlo--&gt;
| P52905 = 879/ 98.0/ 1.0// 1.0/&lt;!--Enyati Anthracide Mine--&gt;
| P52906 = 59601/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hlahlindlela--&gt;
| P52907 = 6042/ 98.6/ 0.4/ 0.4/ 0.6/&lt;!--Hlobane--&gt;
| P52908 = 1860/ 95.2/ 1.1/ 1.0/ 2.7/&lt;!--Kandas Prison--&gt;
| P52909 = 1693/ 99.1/ 0.5// 0.4/&lt;!--Khambi--&gt;
| P52910 = 3117/ 95.6/// 4.4/&lt;!--Louwsburg--&gt;
| P52911 = 516/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndebele--&gt;
| P52912 = 1433/ 99.4/// 0.6/&lt;!--Ngotshe--&gt;
| P52913 = 15021/ 36.9/ 4.9/ 2.3/ 55.9/&lt;!--Vryheid--&gt;
| P52914 = 2366/ 100.0////&lt;!--Vulindlela--&gt;
| P52915 = 6261/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zulu/  Khambi--&gt; 
| P53001 = 105341/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mandlakazi--&gt;
| P53002 = 20339/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Matheni--&gt;
| P53003 = 2743/ 99.5/// 0.5/&lt;!--Nongoma--&gt;
| P53004 = 70020/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Usuthu--&gt;
| P53101 = 1297/ 94.2/ 0.9/ 0.5/ 4.4/&lt;!--Babanango--&gt;
| P53102 = 49553/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Buthelezi Empithimpithini--&gt;
| P53103 = 1214/ 100.0////&lt;!--Inhlazatje--&gt;
| P53104 = 1298/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kwazunyawo--&gt;
| P53105 = 2342/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mahlabatini--&gt;
| P53106 = 9954/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mbatha--&gt;
| P53107 = 27726/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Mpungose--&gt;
| P53108 = 14799/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndebele--&gt;
| P53109 = 41286/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Nobamba--&gt;
| P53110 = 501/ 100.0////&lt;!--Simelane--&gt;
| P53111 = 18420/ 99.5/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 0.2/&lt;!--Ulundi Part 1--&gt;
| P53112 = 19330/ 99.9////&lt;!--Ximba--&gt;
| P53113 = 17228/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zungu--&gt;
| P53114 = 8017/ 98.8/ 0.1// 1.1/&lt;!--Ulundi Part 2--&gt;
| P53201 = 19398/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mabaso--&gt;
| P53202 = 314/ 100.0////&lt;!--Manukuza/  Jobe--&gt; 
| P53203 = 26620/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mashabane--&gt;
| P53204 = 6/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndumu Game Reserve--&gt;
| P53205 = 79111/ 99.8/// 0.1/&lt;!--Tembe--&gt;
| P53206 = 36/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tembe Elephant Reserve--&gt;
| P53207 = 15489/ 98.3/ 0.1// 1.6/&lt;!--Zikhali/  Mbila--&gt; 
| P53301 = 1089/ 96.4/ 1.1// 2.5/&lt;!--Ingwavuma--&gt;
| P53302 = 2628/ 95.2/ 0.5// 4.3/&lt;!--Jozini Part 2--&gt;
| P53303 = 18277/ 99.9////&lt;!--Manukuza/  Jobe--&gt; 
| P53304 = 26332/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mathenjwa--&gt;
| P53305 = 1834/ 94.8/ 1.8/ 1.6/ 1.8/&lt;!--Mkuze--&gt;
| P53306 = 18676/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mngomezulu--&gt;
| P53307 = 10146/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Myeni/  Ngwenya--&gt; 
| P53308 = 16524/ 99.0/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 0.6/&lt;!--Myeni/  Ntsinde--&gt; 
| P53309 = 72/ 66.7/// 33.3/&lt;!--Ndumu Game Reserve--&gt;
| P53310 = 68148/ 99.9/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Nyawo--&gt;
| P53311 = 19818/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Sqakatha--&gt;
| P53312 = 543/ 83.4/ 2.8// 13.8/&lt;!--Jozini Part 1--&gt;
| P53401 = 30/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hlabisa--&gt;
| P53402 = 992/ 65.7/ 2.4/ 3.0/ 28.7/&lt;!--Hluhluwe--&gt;
| P53403 = 1261/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hluhluwe Township--&gt;
| P53404 = 10314/ 99.9////&lt;!--Makhasa--&gt;
| P53405 = 6/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mdletshe--&gt;
| P53406 = 7953/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mnqobokazi--&gt;
| P53407 = 8423/ 99.6/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Nibela--&gt;
| P53408 = 2134/ 85.0/ 0.7/ 0.1/ 14.2/&lt;!--The Big 5 False Bay--&gt;
| P53501 = 16583/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Abakwahlabisa--&gt;
| P53502 = 652/ 99.5/// 0.5/&lt;!--Hlabisa--&gt;
| P53503 = 38851/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mdletshe--&gt;
| P53504 = 10490/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mpembeni--&gt;
| P53505 = 110299/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mpukunyoni--&gt;
| P53601 = 6364/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Dukuduku--&gt;
| P53602 = 132/ 88.6/// 11.4/&lt;!--Dukuduku State Forest--&gt;
| P53603 = 788/ 53.9/ 25.4/ 19.9/ 0.8/&lt;!--Honeydale--&gt;
| P53604 = 10647/ 99.0/ 1.0///&lt;!--Mpukunyoni--&gt;
| P53605 = 5233/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Msane--&gt;
| P53606 = 2136/ 91.5/ 0.1// 8.4/&lt;!--Mtubatuba Part 1--&gt;
| P53607 = 424/ 95.0/// 5.0/&lt;!--Nyalazi State Forest--&gt;
| P53608 = 6450/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sokhulu--&gt;
| P53609 = 864/ 47.7/// 52.3/&lt;!--St Lucia--&gt;
| P53610 = 134/ 20.1// 2.2/ 77.6/&lt;!--St Lucia Estuary--&gt;
| P53611 = 0/////&lt;!--Umfolozi--&gt;
| P53612 = 2020/ 42.3/ 5.5/ 4.8/ 47.5/&lt;!--Mtubatuba Part 2--&gt;
| P53701 = 1894/ 63.8/ 0.2/ 2.2/ 33.8/&lt;!--KwaMbonambi--&gt;
| P53702 = 222/ 87.8// 1.4/ 10.8/&lt;!--Kwambonambi Forest Reserve--&gt;
| P53703 = 54/ 88.9/// 11.1/&lt;!--Mapelane Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P53704 = 22984/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mbonambi Part 1--&gt;
| P53705 = 64527/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mhlana--&gt;
| P53706 = 12632/ 99.9////&lt;!--Sokhulu--&gt;
| P53707 = 4623/ 86.9/ 0.2/ 1.0/ 12.0/&lt;!--Mbonambi Part 2--&gt;
| P53801 = 4654/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Bejani--&gt;
| P53802 = 52239/ 99.6/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Dube--&gt;
| P53803 = 13306/ 33.9/ 2.6/ 6.6/ 56.9/&lt;!--Empangeni--&gt;
| P53804 = 32437/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Esikhawini--&gt;
| P53805 = 24172/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Khoza--&gt;
| P53806 = 117/ 87.2/// 12.8/&lt;!--Kwambonambi Forest Reserve--&gt;
| P53807 = 22758/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mkhwanazi--&gt;
| P53808 = 25780/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Nkwanazi--&gt;
| P53809 = 8873/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Nseleni--&gt;
| P53810 = 30605/ 33.3/ 4.6/ 25.4/ 36.6/&lt;!--Richards Bay Part 1--&gt;
| P53811 = 382/ 8.6/// 91.4/&lt;!--Richards Bay Part 2--&gt;
| P53812 = 13865/ 39.8/ 1.9/ 7.4/ 50.9/&lt;!--Richards Bay Part 3--&gt;
| P53813 = 6630/ 89.6/ 1.6/ 1.7/ 7.0/&lt;!--uMhlathuze--&gt;
| P53814 = 347/ 100.0////&lt;!--Umlalazi Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P53815 = 4044/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Vulindlela--&gt;
| P53816 = 48977/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Zungu/  Madlebe--&gt; 
| P53901 = 6348/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bhukhanana--&gt;
| P53902 = 44698/ 99.9////&lt;!--Biyela--&gt;
| P53903 = 7334/ 100.0////&lt;!--Cebekhulu--&gt;
| P53904 = 11755/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mambuka--&gt;
| P53905 = 493/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mhlana--&gt;
| P53906 = 1918/ 93.0// 0.5/ 6.6/&lt;!--Ntambanana--&gt;
| P53907 = 12223/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Somopho--&gt;
| P54001 = 732/ 66.0/ 2.9/ 15.6/ 15.6/&lt;!--Amatikulu--&gt;
| P54002 = 7112/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bangindoda--&gt;
| P54003 = 923/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bhekabelungu Biyela--&gt;
| P54004 = 11789/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Bhekeshowe--&gt;
| P54005 = 6374/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Dinuzulu--&gt;
| P54006 = 648/ 100.0////&lt;!--Emangidini--&gt;
| P54007 = 477/ 100.0////&lt;!--Entembeni--&gt;
| P54008 = 5230/ 60.8/ 14.9/ 2.7/ 21.6/&lt;!--Eshowe--&gt;
| P54009 = 1157/ 50.3/ 7.5/ 38.5/ 3.6/&lt;!--Gingindlovu--&gt;
| P54010 = 11387/ 100.0////&lt;!--Khoza--&gt;
| P54011 = 3583/ 99.7// 0.1/ 0.3/&lt;!--Kolweni--&gt;
| P54012 = 6651/ 99.4/ 0.5// 0.1/&lt;!--KwaMondi--&gt;
| P54013 = 10829/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mombeni--&gt;
| P54014 = 26955/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mpungose--&gt;
| P54015 = 327/ 35.2/ 5.5/ 51.1/ 8.3/&lt;!--Mpushini Park--&gt;
| P54016 = 1273/ 30.8/ 0.9/ 0.5/ 67.8/&lt;!--Mtunzini--&gt;
| P54017 = 9935/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mvuzane--&gt;
| P54018 = 760/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mxhwanazi--&gt;
| P54019 = 29731/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mzimela--&gt;
| P54020 = 9013/ 99.9////&lt;!--Ndlangubo--&gt;
| P54021 = 22189/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ntuli--&gt;
| P54022 = 21363/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nzuza--&gt;
| P54023 = 212/ 88.7/// 11.3/&lt;!--Sabeka--&gt;
| P54024 = 13476/ 99.3/ 0.4/ 0.3//&lt;!--Shange--&gt;
| P54025 = 1231/ 99.5/// 0.5/&lt;!--Sikhonyane--&gt;
| P54026 = 6/ 100.0////&lt;!--Umgoye Forest--&gt;
| P54027 = 12007/ 90.2/ 0.9/ 2.1/ 6.7/&lt;!--uMlalazi--&gt;
| P54028 = 0/////&lt;!--Vuma--&gt;
| P54029 = 5710/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Zulu--&gt;
| P54101 = 1560/ 100.0////&lt;!--Biyela Kwanguye--&gt;
| P54102 = 24886/ 99.6/ 0.3///&lt;!--Entembeni--&gt;
| P54103 = 517/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kwanguye--&gt;
| P54104 = 1816/ 68.1/ 6.7/ 2.0/ 23.2/&lt;!--Melmoth--&gt;
| P54105 = 3794/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mnanyando--&gt;
| P54106 = 5329/ 95.5// 0.1/ 4.4/&lt;!--Mthonjaneni--&gt;
| P54107 = 1902/ 100.0////&lt;!--Obuka--&gt;
| P54108 = 5137/ 99.4/ 0.6/ 0.1//&lt;!--Thubalethu--&gt;
| P54109 = 5430/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Yanguya--&gt;
| P54201 = 3056/ 100.0////&lt;!--Chube--&gt;
| P54202 = 6097/ 100.0////&lt;!--Chwezi--&gt;
| P54203 = 4417/ 99.3/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 0.4/&lt;!--Cube--&gt;
| P54204 = 7067/ 100.0////&lt;!--Cunu--&gt;
| P54205 = 6842/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Ekhukhanyeni--&gt;
| P54206 = 6850/ 100.0////&lt;!--Emangidini--&gt;
| P54207 = 12676/ 100.0////&lt;!--Godide--&gt;
| P54208 = 345/ 100.0////&lt;!--Halambu--&gt;
| P54209 = 487/ 100.0////&lt;!--Isilokomane--&gt;
| P54210 = 3404/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Izigqoza--&gt;
| P54211 = 826/ 100.0////&lt;!--Izindlozi--&gt;
| P54212 = 273/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kahile--&gt;
| P54213 = 7167/ 99.9////&lt;!--Khabela--&gt;
| P54214 = 1113/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kwamkwaza--&gt;
| P54215 = 1275/ 100.0////&lt;!--Magwaza--&gt;
| P54216 = 5310/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mahlayizeni--&gt;
| P54217 = 5224/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Mangidini--&gt;
| P54218 = 3676/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mbhele/  Amphuti--&gt; 
| P54219 = 606/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mdimela--&gt;
| P54220 = 391/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Mhlatuze--&gt;
| P54221 = 7608/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mpungose--&gt;
| P54222 = 874/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Murasie--&gt;
| P54223 = 1044/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndikwe--&gt;
| P54224 = 148/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndindini--&gt;
| P54225 = 8096/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Ngono--&gt;
| P54226 = 17424/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Nkandla Part 1--&gt;
| P54227 = 893/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nkonisa--&gt;
| P54228 = 569/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nkweme--&gt;
| P54229 = 804/ 98.9// 0.4/ 0.7/&lt;!--Ntuli--&gt;
| P54230 = 4841/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Nxamalala--&gt;
| P54231 = 926/ 100.0////&lt;!--Uxutu--&gt;
| P54232 = 643/ 100.0////&lt;!--Vumanhlamvu--&gt;
| P54233 = 3598/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Xulu--&gt;
| P54234 = 538/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zindunduzeli--&gt;
| P54235 = 489/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zinkuzini--&gt;
| P54236 = 5171/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zondi--&gt;
| P54237 = 2783/ 99.2/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.5/&lt;!--Nkandla Part 2--&gt;
| P54238 = 12/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nkandla Part 3--&gt;
| P54301 = 6126/ 90.4/ 0.4/ 7.1/ 2.1/&lt;!--eNdondakusuka--&gt;
| P54302 = 1339/ 93.5/ 1.3/ 4.9/ 0.2/&lt;!--Hlomendini--&gt;
| P54303 = 34337/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Macambini--&gt;
| P54304 = 3944/ 35.8/ 2.0/ 14.6/ 47.6/&lt;!--Mandini--&gt;
| P54305 = 21692/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Mathonsi--&gt;
| P54306 = 2412/ 90.9/ 7.3// 1.7/&lt;!--Ntunzini--&gt;
| P54307 = 30125/ 99.9////&lt;!--Sikhonyane--&gt;
| P54308 = 24299/ 99.7/ 0.2/ 0.1//&lt;!--Sundumbili--&gt;
| P54309 = 4170/ 46.8/ 3.4/ 48.3/ 1.5/&lt;!--Tugela--&gt;
| P54310 = 210/ 7.1/// 92.9/&lt;!--Tugela Mouth--&gt;
| P54311 = 0/////&lt;!--Umlalazi Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P54401 = 4115/ 16.3/ 0.6/ 3.6/ 79.6/&lt;!--Ballito--&gt;
| P54402 = 466/ 32.8/ 0.6/ 13.5/ 53.0/&lt;!--Blythedale Beach--&gt;
| P54403 = 7413/ 74.9/ 1.1/ 22.6/ 1.5/&lt;!--Darnall--&gt;
| P54404 = 34210/ 82.0/ 0.7/ 14.9/ 2.3/&lt;!--KwaDukuza--&gt;
| P54405 = 4813/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Mathonsi--&gt;
| P54406 = 833/ 83.1// 15.8/ 1.1/&lt;!--Qwabe (Madundube)--&gt;
| P54407 = 2326/ 23.5/ 0.3/ 3.7/ 72.4/&lt;!--Salt Rock--&gt;
| P54408 = 593/ 25.8// 0.5/ 73.7/&lt;!--Shaka's Rock--&gt;
| P54409 = 4574/ 62.4/ 0.8/ 36.8//&lt;!--Shakaskraal--&gt;
| P54410 = 98280/ 74.1/ 1.4/ 23.7/ 0.8/&lt;!--Stanger--&gt;
| P54411 = 473/ 18.6/ 1.3/ 70.0/ 10.1/&lt;!--Tinley Manor Beach--&gt;
| P54412 = 469/ 34.8/ 0.6/ 2.6/ 62.0/&lt;!--Zinkwazi Beach--&gt;
| P54501 = 6076/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amalanga--&gt;
| P54502 = 2124/ 100.0////&lt;!--Chili--&gt;
| P54503 = 492/ 99.4// 0.6//&lt;!--Cibane--&gt;
| P54504 = 10982/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Gcwensa--&gt;
| P54505 = 1462/ 100.0////&lt;!--Hlophe--&gt;
| P54506 = 25234/ 100.0////&lt;!--Inkumba/  KwaNyuswa--&gt; 
| P54507 = 7973/ 100.0////&lt;!--Iqadi--&gt;
| P54508 = 1660/ 100.0////&lt;!--Khumalo--&gt;
| P54509 = 4415/ 100.0////&lt;!--Luthuli--&gt;
| P54510 = 2068/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mangangeni/  Vumazonke--&gt; 
| P54511 = 547/ 94.0// 1.6/ 4.4/&lt;!--Mathonsi--&gt;
| P54512 = 21740/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mlamuli Nyuswa--&gt;
| P54513 = 9964/ 89.0/ 1.0/ 8.1/ 1.9/&lt;!--Ndwedwe--&gt;
| P54514 = 2459/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngcolosi--&gt;
| P54515 = 11643/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ngongoma/  Mavela--&gt; 
| P54516 = 7785/ 92.4/ 0.4/ 7.0/ 0.2/&lt;!--Nhlangwini--&gt;
| P54517 = 3015/ 94.7/ 0.3/ 4.8/ 0.2/&lt;!--Nodunga--&gt;
| P54518 = 11577/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Nyuswa/  Nodwengu--&gt; 
| P54519 = 3161/ 100.0////&lt;!--Qadi--&gt;
| P54520 = 2677/ 95.4/ 0.1/ 3.8/ 0.7/&lt;!--Qwabe (Madundube)--&gt;
| P54521 = 3545/ 100.0////&lt;!--Qwabe N--&gt;
| P54522 = 7795/ 100.0////&lt;!--Shangase--&gt;
| P54523 = 4114/ 100.0////&lt;!--Wosiyane--&gt;
| P54601 = 6159/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amabhedu--&gt;
| P54602 = 1201/ 100.0////&lt;!--Cele--&gt;
| P54603 = 4704/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Embo--&gt;
| P54604 = 7044/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hlongwa--&gt;
| P54605 = 13850/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mabomvini--&gt;
| P54606 = 35208/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mkhonto--&gt;
| P54607 = 949/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mpungose--&gt;
| P54608 = 19370/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ngcolosi--&gt;
| P54609 = 3959/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Nodunga--&gt;
| P54610 = 5710/ 100.0////&lt;!--Qadi--&gt;
| P54611 = 16906/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Qwabe/  Waterfall--&gt; 
| P54612 = 5594/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zubane--&gt;
| P54701 = 5387/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amacala Gwala--&gt;
| P54702 = 1095/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amangwane--&gt;
| P54703 = 35404/ 99.9////&lt;!--Bhidla--&gt;
| P54704 = 731/ 86.9/ 2.1// 11.1/&lt;!--Bulwer--&gt;
| P54705 = 456/ 59.9/ 3.9/ 0.7/ 35.5/&lt;!--Creighton--&gt;
| P54706 = 218/ 93.1/ 2.8// 4.1/&lt;!--Donnybrook--&gt;
| P54707 = 7000/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Esibonelo Esihle--&gt;
| P54708 = 920/ 100.0////&lt;!--Impendle--&gt;
| P54709 = 6819/ 93.0/ 0.9/ 0.1/ 6.1/&lt;!--Ingwe--&gt;
| P54710 = 2982/ 98.1/ 1.9///&lt;!--Ixopo--&gt;
| P54711 = 10602/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Madzikone--&gt;
| P54712 = 19319/ 100.0////&lt;!--Memela--&gt;
| P54713 = 3974/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ncwadi--&gt;
| P54714 = 0/////&lt;!--Nxamalala--&gt;
| P54715 = 4827/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sandanezwe--&gt;
| P54716 = 990/ 95.1/ 4.9///&lt;!--Tarsvaly--&gt;
| P54717 = 6827/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Zashuke--&gt;
| P54801 = 4952/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Batlokoa--&gt;
| P54802 = 1037/ 85.7/ 2.1/ 0.6/ 11.6/&lt;!--Himeville--&gt;
| P54803 = 2683/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Isiminza--&gt;
| P54804 = 3976/ 91.7/ 0.3// 8.0/&lt;!--Kwa Sani--&gt;
| P54805 = 300/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nxamalala--&gt;
| P54806 = 2054/ 80.6/ 1.9/ 0.1/ 17.4/&lt;!--Underberg Part 1--&gt;
| P54807 = 6/ 100.0////&lt;!--Vergelegen Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P54808 = 298/ 100.0////&lt;!--Underberg Part 2--&gt;
| P54901 = 2064/ 88.7/ 7.6// 3.8/&lt;!--Cedarville--&gt;
| P54902 = 2778/ 95.2/ 4.8///&lt;!--Harry Gwala Park--&gt;
| P54903 = 1426/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Itsokolele--&gt;
| P54904 = 5214/ 53.1/ 26.5/ 3.1/ 17.3/&lt;!--Matatiele Part 1--&gt;
| P54905 = 434/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mzingisi--&gt;
| P54906 = 4303/ 82.9/ 7.4// 9.8/&lt;!--Matatiele Part 2--&gt;
| P55001 = 15745/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Bhongweni--&gt;
| P55002 = 27659/ 91.1/ 4.1/ 0.1/ 4.7/&lt;!--Greater Kokstad--&gt;
| P55003 = 11566/ 40.1/ 40.7/ 4.0/ 15.1/&lt;!--Kokstad--&gt;
| P55004 = 1553/ 85.7/ 14.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Mount Currie--&gt;
| P55101 = 4726/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Amakhuze--&gt;
| P55102 = 3532/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Dlamini/  Vusathina Mazulu--&gt; 
| P55103 = 2666/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Dunge--&gt;
| P55104 = 12316/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ikhwezi/  Lokusa--&gt; 
| P55105 = 8434/ 78.4/ 12.5/ 4.0/ 5.1/&lt;!--Ixopo--&gt;
| P55106 = 751/ 100.0////&lt;!--Izimpethu Endlovu--&gt;
| P55107 = 12580/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mjoli/  Mawushe(Sizwe Hlanganani)--&gt; 
| P55108 = 4063/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Nyuswa--&gt;
| P55109 = 11476/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Shiyabanye/  Nhlangwini--&gt; 
| P55110 = 16873/ 94.6/ 2.3/ 0.2/ 3.0/&lt;!--Ubuhlebezwe--&gt;
| P55111 = 10208/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ukuthula--&gt;
| P55112 = 9804/ 100.0////&lt;!--Vukani--&gt;
| P55113 = 4524/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Vumakwenza/  Sangcwaba--&gt; 
| P57201 = 631/ 100.0////&lt;!--Adams Mission--&gt;
| P57202 = 1340/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amalanga--&gt;
| P57203 = 13437/ 10.7/ 0.8/ 3.7/ 84.9/&lt;!--Amanzimtoti--&gt;
| P57204 = 10643/ 99.2// 0.6/ 0.1/&lt;!--Amaotana--&gt;
| P57205 = 1038/ 98.8// 1.2//&lt;!--Amawoti--&gt;
| P57206 = 2930/ 49.6/ 1.2/ 9.9/ 39.3/&lt;!--Assegay--&gt;
| P57207 = 0/////&lt;!--Blackburn--&gt;
| P57208 = 1992/ 29.8/ 0.5/ 9.5/ 60.2/&lt;!--Bothas Hill--&gt;
| P57209 = 1059/ 59.5/ 1.1/ 4.5/ 34.7/&lt;!--Cato Ridge--&gt;
| P57210 = 15099/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Cele/  Vumengazi--&gt; 
| P57211 = 192166/ 14.1/ 0.8/ 85.0/ 0.1/&lt;!--Chatsworth--&gt;
| P57212 = 1050/ 100.0////&lt;!--Cibane--&gt;
| P57213 = 272/ 26.5/// 73.5/&lt;!--Clansthal--&gt;
| P57214 = 57536/ 99.7/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Clermont--&gt;
| P57215 = 22462/ 99.8/ 0.2/ 0.1//&lt;!--Dassenhoek Part 2--&gt;
| P57216 = 994/ 36.4/ 1.8/ 52.5/ 9.4/&lt;!--Desainager--&gt;
| P57217 = 1943/ 31.1/ 2.0/ 12.6/ 54.2/&lt;!--Drummond--&gt;
| P57218 = 536644/ 36.9/ 10.3/ 27.3/ 25.5/&lt;!--Durban--&gt;
| P57219 = 2249/ 87.8/ 1.2/ 4.8/ 6.1/&lt;!--Elangeni--&gt;
| P57220 = 3606/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Emalangeni--&gt;
| P57221 = 9771/ 100.0////&lt;!--Embo/  Nksa Isimahla--&gt; 
| P57222 = 3188/ 87.6/ 0.3/ 12.1//&lt;!--Emona--&gt;
| P57223 = 23209/ 70.3/ 0.5/ 24.6/ 4.6/&lt;!--Ethekwini--&gt;
| P57224 = 2918/ 73.9/ 1.2/ 24.3/ 0.5/&lt;!--Ezembeni--&gt;
| P57225 = 28759/ 100.0////&lt;!--Folweni--&gt;
| P57226 = 593/ 99.5/// 0.5/&lt;!--Gcumisa--&gt;
| P57227 = 2866/ 31.4/ 1.6/ 65.1/ 1.9/&lt;!--Genazano--&gt;
| P57228 = 8568/ 99.2/ 0.2/ 0.6//&lt;!--Hambanathi--&gt;
| P57229 = 5128/ 96.0/ 0.2/ 3.5/ 0.4/&lt;!--Hazelmere--&gt;
| P57230 = 5341/ 11.6/ 0.3/ 1.5/ 86.6/&lt;!--Hillcrest--&gt;
| P57231 = 12236/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ilanga--&gt;
| P57232 = 153098/ 99.7/ 0.2/ 0.1//&lt;!--Inanda--&gt;
| P57233 = 21987/ 98.0/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 1.7/&lt;!--Inchanga--&gt;
| P57234 = 44532/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Iqadi--&gt;
| P57235 = 250/ 100.0////&lt;!--Khabazela--&gt;
| P57236 = 23812/ 50.1/ 0.3/ 1.7/ 47.9/&lt;!--Kingsburgh--&gt;
| P57237 = 12169/ 82.8/ 0.3/ 16.9//&lt;!--Klaarwater--&gt;
| P57238 = 35623/ 24.9/ 0.7/ 13.7/ 60.7/&lt;!--Kloof--&gt;
| P57239 = 52617/ 99.4/ 0.2/ 0.2/ 0.1/&lt;!--Kwadabeka--&gt;
| P57240 = 43781/ 99.5/ 0.1/ 0.2/ 0.2/&lt;!--KwaMakhutha--&gt;
| P57241 = 175913/ 98.6/ 0.1/ 1.3//&lt;!--Kwa-Mashu--&gt;
| P57242 = 31528/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--KwaNdengezi--&gt;
| P57243 = 2104/ 35.4/ 1.3/ 61.5/ 1.9/&lt;!--La Mercy--&gt;
| P57244 = 32991/ 99.6/ 0.2/ 0.2/ 0.1/&lt;!--Lamontville--&gt;
| P57245 = 6121/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Luganda--&gt;
| P57246 = 23008/ 99.6/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Luthuli/  Umnini Trust--&gt; 
| P57247 = 9359/ 99.8/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Macala-Gwala--&gt;
| P57248 = 4933/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Magabeni--&gt;
| P57249 = 15681/ 86.5/ 0.8/ 12.6//&lt;!--Malagazi--&gt;
| P57250 = 3111/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mangangeni/  Vumazonke--&gt; 
| P57251 = 9814/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Maphephetha--&gt;
| P57252 = 1769/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Maphunulo--&gt;
| P57253 = 8913/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mawotana--&gt;
| P57254 = 40465/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Mawothi--&gt;
| P57255 = 12975/ 99.5/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Molweni--&gt;
| P57256 = 273/ 7.7// 7.7/ 84.6/&lt;!--Mount Moreland--&gt;
| P57257 = 6914/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Mpolo--&gt;
| P57258 = 99720/ 99.7/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Mpumalanga--&gt;
| P57259 = 3874/ 37.6/ 1.0/ 28.7/ 32.7/&lt;!--Mt Edgecombe--&gt;
| P57260 = 1460/ 89.7/ 1.0/ 9.3//&lt;!--Mwawine--&gt;
| P57261 = 2417/ 20.5/ 2.7/ 76.1/ 0.6/&lt;!--Naidooville--&gt;
| P57262 = 12592/ 37.9/ 2.5/ 5.4/ 54.2/&lt;!--New Germany--&gt;
| P57263 = 22444/ 22.1/ 69.8/ 8.0/ 0.1/&lt;!--Newlands East--&gt;
| P57264 = 37425/ 45.9/ 1.4/ 52.4/ 0.2/&lt;!--Newlands West--&gt;
| P57265 = 20166/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ngcolosi--&gt;
| P57266 = 1455/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ngqungqulu--&gt;
| P57267 = 201/ 40.3/ 3.0/ 3.0/ 53.7/&lt;!--Ntshongweni--&gt;
| P57268 = 114579/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Ntuzuma--&gt;
| P57269 = 823/ 100.0////&lt;!--Oceans--&gt;
| P57270 = 169163/ 6.0/ 1.0/ 92.9/ 0.1/&lt;!--Phoenix--&gt;
| P57271 = 100037/ 57.5/ 6.9/ 10.4/ 25.3/&lt;!--Pinetown--&gt;
| P57272 = 7170/ 99.5// 0.5//&lt;!--Qadi--&gt;
| P57273 = 25878/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Qiniselani Manyuswa--&gt;
| P57274 = 29519/ 10.8/ 1.4/ 28.1/ 59.8/&lt;!--Queensburgh--&gt;
| P57275 = 2800/ 97.9/ 0.6/ 1.3/ 0.2/&lt;!--Redcliffe--&gt;
| P57276 = 7303/ 35.1/ 2.1/ 62.7/ 0.1/&lt;!--Roseneath--&gt;
| P57277 = 12924/ 99.5/ 0.3/ 0.1//&lt;!--Siyanda--&gt;
| P57278 = 64162/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Sobonakhona--&gt;
| P57279 = 7886/ 99.2/ 0.6/ 0.1/ 0.2/&lt;!--Thoyana--&gt;
| P57280 = 41055/ 27.2/ 0.5/ 71.8/ 0.5/&lt;!--Tongaat--&gt;
| P57281 = 735/ 20.8/ 0.8/ 73.9/ 4.5/&lt;!--Tongaat Beach--&gt;
| P57282 = 12731/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--Tshelimnyama--&gt;
| P57283 = 304/ 96.1/// 3.9/&lt;!--Umbumbulu--&gt;
| P57284 = 1939/ 15.6/ 1.4/ 5.4/ 77.6/&lt;!--Umdloti--&gt;
| P57285 = 4059/ 99.0/ 0.3// 0.7/&lt;!--Umgababa--&gt;
| P57286 = 15387/ 11.5/ 0.9/ 12.7/ 74.9/&lt;!--Umhlanga--&gt;
| P57287 = 3027/ 20.5/ 0.7/ 11.1/ 67.6/&lt;!--Umkomaas--&gt;
| P57288 = 388687/ 99.9/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Umlazi--&gt;
| P57289 = 54645/ 32.7/ 1.4/ 65.8/ 0.1/&lt;!--Verulam--&gt;
| P57290 = 1266/ 16.6/ 0.2/ 20.4/ 62.8/&lt;!--Westbrook--&gt;
| P57291 = 37517/ 39.2/ 1.7/ 15.2/ 43.9/&lt;!--Westville--&gt;
| P57292 = 34557/ 98.3/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 1.4/&lt;!--Ximba--&gt;
| P57294 = 6823/ 100.0////&lt;!--Dassenhoek Part 1--&gt;
| P59101 = 18/ 83.3/// 16.7/&lt;!--Highmoor State Forest--&gt;
| P59201 = 225/ 81.3/// 18.7/&lt;!--Cathedral Peak State Forest--&gt;
| P59202 = 105/ 68.6/// 31.4/&lt;!--Giants Castle Game Reserve--&gt;
| P59203 = 57/ 94.7/// 5.3/&lt;!--Monks Cowl State Forest--&gt;
| P59204 = 116/ 25.9/// 74.1/&lt;!--Royal Natal National Park--&gt;
| P59301 = 313/ 96.2/// 3.8/&lt;!--Cape Vidal National Park--&gt;
| P59302 = 2275/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hlabisa--&gt;
| P59303 = 183/ 90.2/// 9.8/&lt;!--Hluhluwe Game Reserve--&gt;
| P59304 = 114/ 81.6/// 18.4/&lt;!--Mkuze Game Reserve--&gt;
| P59305 = 36/ 66.7/// 33.3/&lt;!--Sodwana Bay National Park--&gt;
| P59306 = 348/ 95.7/// 4.3/&lt;!--St Lucia Game Reserve--&gt;
| P59307 = 1599/ 99.4/ 0.2// 0.4/&lt;!--Tembe--&gt;
| P59308 = 6/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ubombo--&gt;
| P59309 = 224/ 96.0/// 4.0/&lt;!--Umfolozi Game Reserve--&gt;
| P59310 = 0/////&lt;!--Zikhali/  Mbila--&gt; 
| P59401 = 811/ 83.4/ 0.4// 16.3/&lt;!--Cobham State Forest--&gt;
| P60101 = 120/ 100.0////&lt;!--Agisaneng--&gt;
| P60102 = 154/ 57.1/ 5.8/ 3.9/ 33.1/&lt;!--Amandebele A Lebelo--&gt;
| P60103 = 32023/ 99.9////&lt;!--Bahwaduba--&gt;
| P60104 = 45114/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bakgatla Ba Ga Mosetlha--&gt;
| P60105 = 1111/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Bakgatla Ba Mmakau--&gt;
| P60106 = 24329/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bakgatla Ba Mphe Batho--&gt;
| P60107 = 11024/ 100.0////&lt;!--Baphuthing Ba Ga Nawa--&gt;
| P60108 = 820/ 100.0////&lt;!--Diphala--&gt;
| P60109 = 114/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jonathan--&gt;
| P60110 = 28839/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Kopanong--&gt;
| P60111 = 11365/ 99.9////&lt;!--Modimole Magogelo--&gt;
| P60112 = 10500/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mogogelo--&gt;
| P60113 = 4933/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Moretele--&gt;
| P60114 = 5310/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Temba--&gt;
| P60115 = 465/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Thulwe--&gt;
| P60116 = 1687/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tsoga o Itirele--&gt;
| P60201 = 17380/ 99.6/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Bafokeng--&gt;
| P60202 = 58055/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Bakgatla Ba Mmakau--&gt;
| P60203 = 33566/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Bakwena Ba Magopa--&gt;
| P60204 = 15613/ 99.9////&lt;!--Bakwena Boo Modimosana Ba Ga Makau--&gt;
| P60205 = 37311/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Bapo Ba Ga Mogale--&gt;
| P60206 = 48/ 62.5/// 37.5/&lt;!--Borakalalo Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P60207 = 12383/ 16.3/ 0.8/ 7.7/ 75.1/&lt;!--Brits--&gt;
| P60208 = 1680/ 52.5/ 46.3/ 1.3//&lt;!--Damonsville--&gt;
| P60209 = 255/ 96.5/// 3.5/&lt;!--Elandsdrift--&gt;
| P60210 = 37533/ 99.5/ 0.5// 0.1/&lt;!--Ga-Rankuwa--&gt;
| P60211 = 42//// 100.0/&lt;!--Hartbeespoort Dam Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P60212 = 93/ 48.4/// 51.6/&lt;!--Hartebeesfontein New Paradise--&gt;
| P60213 = 6329/ 12.2/ 0.6/ 0.1/ 87.1/&lt;!--Hartebeespoort--&gt;
| P60214 = 625/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jonathan--&gt;
| P60215 = 35606/ 99.6/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Lethlabile--&gt;
| P60216 = 34936/ 75.6/ 1.1/ 0.4/ 23.0/&lt;!--Madibeng--&gt;
| P60217 = 329/ 34.7/ 0.9// 64.4/&lt;!--Magaliesberg Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P60218 = 2523/ 100.0////&lt;!--Maroelakop--&gt;
| P60219 = 3894/ 27.2/ 1.5/ 0.5/ 70.7/&lt;!--Mooinooi--&gt;
| P60220 = 934/ 100.0////&lt;!--Oskraal--&gt;
| P60221 = 19627/ 97.5/ 2.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Oukasie--&gt;
| P60222 = 156/ 44.2/ 1.9// 53.8/&lt;!--Pelindaba--&gt;
| P60223 = 12306/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Sechaba-Sa-Ba-Taung--&gt;
| P60224 = 1946/ 39.1/ 1.2// 59.7/&lt;!--Sonop--&gt;
| P60225 = 5090/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Western Platinum Mines--&gt;
| P60301 = 132277/ 99.5/ 0.1// 0.4/&lt;!--Bafokeng--&gt;
| P60302 = 16049/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Bakwena Ba Magopa--&gt;
| P60303 = 3399/ 99.2/ 0.7/ 0.1//&lt;!--Baphalane--&gt;
| P60304 = 8412/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bapo Ba Ga Mogale--&gt;
| P60305 = 21547/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Boitekong--&gt;
| P60306 = 23965/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Hartebeesfontein--&gt;
| P60307 = 1196/ 89.5/ 0.3// 10.2/&lt;!--Magaliesberg Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P60308 = 1463/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Mankwe--&gt;
| P60309 = 10711/ 99.1/ 0.8/ 0.1//&lt;!--Meriting--&gt;
| P60310 = 7602/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Monakato--&gt;
| P60311 = 7215/ 99.2/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 0.4/&lt;!--Paardekraal--&gt;
| P60312 = 24/ 100.0////&lt;!--Paardekraal Platinum Mine--&gt;
| P60313 = 5921/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Phatsima--&gt;
| P60314 = 3670/ 98.4/ 1.5// 0.1/&lt;!--Rooikoppies--&gt;
| P60315 = 67196/ 38.6/ 2.0/ 2.6/ 56.8/&lt;!--Rustenburg Part 1--&gt;
| P60316 = 10312/ 99.3/ 0.6// 0.1/&lt;!--Sunrise Park--&gt;
| P60317 = 31338/ 98.7/ 1.0// 0.2/&lt;!--Tlhabane--&gt;
| P60318 = 979/ 22.5/// 77.6/&lt;!--Waterval--&gt;
| P60319 = 37581/ 82.3/ 0.6/ 0.3/ 16.7/&lt;!--Rustenburg Part 2--&gt;
| P60320 = 4662/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Rustenburg Part 3--&gt;
| P60401 = 4826/ 94.5/ 5.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Borolelo--&gt;
| P60402 = 1703/ 78.6/ 0.2/ 1.2/ 20.0/&lt;!--Derby--&gt;
| P60403 = 17487/ 82.2/ 1.1/ 0.1/ 16.7/&lt;!--Kgetlengrivier--&gt;
| P60404 = 2141/ 9.6/ 0.4/ 6.7/ 83.3/&lt;!--Koster--&gt;
| P60405 = 353/ 81.3/// 18.7/&lt;!--Nooigedacht--&gt;
| P60406 = 8441/ 99.1/ 0.7// 0.1/&lt;!--Reagile--&gt;
| P60407 = 1536/ 37.0/ 3.3/ 3.5/ 56.2/&lt;!--Swartruggens--&gt;
| P60501 = 3646/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amahlubi--&gt;
| P60502 = 4305/ 97.3/ 1.0/ 0.8/ 1.0/&lt;!--Bafokeng--&gt;
| P60503 = 75072/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Bakgatla Ba Ga Kgafela--&gt;
| P60504 = 19800/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Bakubung Ba Ratheo--&gt;
| P60505 = 3314/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Bakwena Ba Mare A Phogole--&gt;
| P60506 = 14364/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Bakwena Boo Modimosana--&gt;
| P60507 = 22101/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Baphalane--&gt;
| P60508 = 8887/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Baphiring--&gt;
| P60509 = 4415/ 99.7/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Bapo 2 Ba Ga Mogale--&gt;
| P60510 = 1643/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bapo II--&gt;
| P60511 = 7100/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Barokologadi Ba Ga Maotwa--&gt;
| P60512 = 529/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bataung Ba Moubane--&gt;
| P60513 = 15526/ 98.8/ 0.2// 1.0/&lt;!--Batlhako Boo Mututu Ba Ga Mabe--&gt;
| P60514 = 9224/ 98.7/// 1.3/&lt;!--Batlhalerwa--&gt;
| P60515 = 16518/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Batlokwa Ba Bogatsu--&gt;
| P60516 = 7044/ 100.0////&lt;!--Batlokwa Ba Ga Sedumedi--&gt;
| P60517 = 1444/ 100.0////&lt;!--Batlokwa Boo Matlapane--&gt;
| P60518 = 48/ 93.8/// 6.3/&lt;!--Dinokaneng--&gt;
| P60519 = 0/////&lt;!--Mahobieskraal--&gt;
| P60520 = 1689/ 100.0////&lt;!--Makuntlwane A Kgote--&gt;
| P60521 = 0/////&lt;!--Mixed TA--&gt;
| P60522 = 9342/ 94.4/ 1.6/ 2.9/ 1.1/&lt;!--Mogwase--&gt;
| P60523 = 4252/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mokgatlha--&gt;
| P60524 = 2271/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mokgautsi--&gt;
| P60525 = 337/ 100.0////&lt;!--Moses Kotane--&gt;
| P60526 = 2590/ 20.0/ 5.8/ 4.1/ 70.1/&lt;!--Sun City--&gt;
| P60527 = 1413/ 100.0////&lt;!--Zwartklip--&gt;
| P60601 = 2141/ 100.0////&lt;!--Barolong Ba Ga Makgobi--&gt;
| P60602 = 12725/ 99.1/ 0.9///&lt;!--Barolong Ba Ga Molefe Ba Moata--&gt;
| P60603 = 42/ 100.0////&lt;!--Barolong Boo Rashidi--&gt;
| P60604 = 71190/ 99.1/ 0.8// 0.1/&lt;!--Barolong Boo Ratlou Ba Ga Phoi--&gt;
| P60605 = 15825/ 99.2/ 0.5/ 0.1/ 0.2/&lt;!--Batlharo Ba Ga Masibi--&gt;
| P60606 = 2404/ 92.0/ 0.5// 7.5/&lt;!--Setla-Kgobi--&gt;
| P60701 = 6138/ 97.4/ 2.6///&lt;!--Agisanang--&gt;
| P60702 = 5240/ 98.7/ 1.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Atamelang--&gt;
| P60703 = 5726/ 97.6/ 2.4///&lt;!--Bakolobeng--&gt;
| P60704 = 25243/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Barolong Boo Ratlou Ba Ga Seitshwaro--&gt;
| P60705 = 16581/ 98.5/ 1.4///&lt;!--Bopanang--&gt;
| P60706 = 2717/ 55.9/ 2.0/ 0.3/ 41.7/&lt;!--Delareyville--&gt;
| P60707 = 649/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kopano--&gt;
| P60708 = 11779/ 97.3/ 2.7///&lt;!--Letsopa--&gt;
| P60709 = 1141/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mixed TA--&gt;
| P60710 = 1264/ 13.1/ 0.2/ 1.9/ 84.8/&lt;!--Ottosdal--&gt;
| P60711 = 1281/ 8.0/// 92.0/&lt;!--Sannieshof--&gt;
| P60712 = 36379/ 90.4/ 0.8// 8.8/&lt;!--Tswaing--&gt;
| P60801 = 792/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bafokeng Ba Ga Moraka--&gt;
| P60802 = 4342/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Bakwena Ba Ga Molopyane--&gt;
| P60803 = 0/////&lt;!--Banogeng--&gt;
| P60804 = 5734/ 100.0////&lt;!--Barolong Boo Rapulana--&gt;
| P60805 = 45751/ 98.5/ 1.0/ 0.1/ 0.4/&lt;!--Barolong Boo Ratshidi Part 1--&gt;
| P60806 = 1154/ 99.0/ 1.0///&lt;!--Barolong Boo Ratshidi Part 3--&gt;
| P60807 = 1463/ 100.0////&lt;!--Barolong Boo Ratshidi Part 4--&gt;
| P60808 = 2666/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Barolong Boo Ratshidi Part 6--&gt;
| P60809 = 72665/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--Barolong Boo Ratshidi Part 2--&gt;
| P60810 = 1013/ 100.0////&lt;!--Barolong Boo Ratshidi Part 3--&gt;
| P60811 = 36599/ 99.6/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Barolong Boo Ratshidi Part 5--&gt;
| P60812 = 8434/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Batloung Ba Ga Shole--&gt;
| P60813 = 148/ 79.7/ 2.0// 18.2/&lt;!--Floorspar Mine--&gt;
| P60814 = 17041/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Kopano--&gt;
| P60815 = 151/ 85.4/ 2.0// 11.9/&lt;!--Madikwe Part 1--&gt;
| P60816 = 14923/ 46.8/ 26.0/ 9.3/ 17.9/&lt;!--Mafikeng Part 1--&gt;
| P60817 = 27680/ 95.0/ 2.0/ 1.2/ 1.8/&lt;!--Mmabatho Part 1--&gt;
| P60818 = 8939/ 98.5/ 1.3/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Montshioa--&gt;
| P60819 = 286/ 49.7/ 9.4/ 4.2/ 36.7/&lt;!--Rooigrond--&gt;
| P60820 = 540/ 58.5// 1.7/ 39.8/&lt;!--Slurry--&gt;
| P60821 = 42/ 50.0/// 50.0/&lt;!--Wintershoek--&gt;
| P60822 = 347/ 100.0////&lt;!--Madikwe Part 2--&gt;
| P60823 = 8433/ 88.8/ 1.9/ 0.4/ 8.9/&lt;!--Mafikeng Part 2--&gt;
| P60824 = 296/ 85.8/// 14.2/&lt;!--Mafikeng Part 3--&gt;
| P60825 = 63/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mmabatho Part 2--&gt;
| P60901 = 1392/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Bakwena Ba Ga Serobatse--&gt;
| P60902 = 502/ 100.0////&lt;!--Banogeng--&gt;
| P60903 = 16914/ 98.5/ 1.5///&lt;!--Boikhutso--&gt;
| P60904 = 7000/ 73.0/ 2.5/ 0.3/ 24.3/&lt;!--Coligny--&gt;
| P60905 = 45059/ 90.2/ 2.3// 7.4/&lt;!--Ditsobotla--&gt;
| P60906 = 24104/ 99.4/ 0.5///&lt;!--Ga-Raphalane--&gt;
| P60907 = 2591/ 99.0/ 1.0///&lt;!--Itekeng--&gt;
| P60908 = 22879/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Itsoseng--&gt;
| P60909 = 8325/ 98.7/ 1.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Kopano--&gt;
| P60910 = 11927/ 24.6/ 10.5/ 2.8/ 62.2/&lt;!--Lichtenburg--&gt;
| P60911 = 1056/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mosiane--&gt;
| P60912 = 5852/ 98.2/ 1.7// 0.1/&lt;!--Tlhabologang--&gt;
| P61001 = 19067/ 99.9////&lt;!--Bahurutshe Ba Ga Gopane--&gt;
| P61002 = 9743/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bahurutshe Ba Ga Le-Ncoe--&gt;
| P61003 = 48517/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bahurutshe Ba Ga Moilwa--&gt;
| P61004 = 1474/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bahurutshe Ba Ga Mokgoswa--&gt;
| P61005 = 123/ 97.6/ 2.4///&lt;!--Bahurutshe Ba Ga Mothogae--&gt;
| P61006 = 2794/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bahurutshe Ba Ga Suping--&gt;
| P61007 = 5205/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Bahurutshe Bo Manyane--&gt;
| P61008 = 8555/ 99.6/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Banabakae--&gt;
| P61009 = 6562/ 97.0/ 2.9///&lt;!--Ikageleng--&gt;
| P61010 = 5685/ 99.6/ 0.2/ 0.2//&lt;!--Leeufontein--&gt;
| P61011 = 1191/ 99.5// 0.5//&lt;!--Madikwe Part 1--&gt;
| P61012 = 352/ 83.8/ 0.9/ 1.7/ 13.6/&lt;!--Marico Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P61013 = 0/////&lt;!--Mixed TA--&gt;
| P61014 = 5993/ 99.4/ 0.5/ 0.2//&lt;!--Welbedacht--&gt;
| P61015 = 14795/ 81.5/ 0.5/ 0.6/ 17.4/&lt;!--Zeerust Part 1--&gt;
| P61016 = 985/ 100.0////&lt;!--Madikwe Part 2--&gt;
| P61017 = 6393/ 35.1/ 6.6/ 8.2/ 50.1/&lt;!--Zeerust Part 2--&gt;
| P61101 = 59209/ 98.8/ 1.1///&lt;!--Batlharo Ba Lotlhware--&gt;
| P61102 = 9193/ 84.0/ 4.1/ 0.1/ 11.8/&lt;!--Kagisano--&gt;
| P61103 = 235/ 75.7/ 2.6// 21.7/&lt;!--Louwna--&gt;
| P61104 = 26694/ 98.6/ 1.3/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Morokweng--&gt;
| P61105 = 1055/ 90.3/ 2.0// 7.7/&lt;!--Piet Plessis--&gt;
| P61201 = 21572/ 97.8/ 2.1///&lt;!--Huhudi--&gt;
| P61202 = 20827/ 83.4/ 4.2/ 0.1/ 12.2/&lt;!--Naledi--&gt;
| P61203 = 1109/ 38.6/ 5.7// 55.7/&lt;!--Stella--&gt;
| P61204 = 14601/ 28.0/ 44.6/ 4.3/ 23.1/&lt;!--Vryburg--&gt;
| P61301 = 1578/ 89.7/ 2.1// 8.2/&lt;!--Amalia--&gt;
| P61302 = 1688/ 91.1/ 5.7// 3.2/&lt;!--Glaudina--&gt;
| P61303 = 30053/ 98.4/ 1.6///&lt;!--Ipelegeng--&gt;
| P61304 = 10083/ 90.7/ 1.1/ 0.2/ 8.0/&lt;!--Mamusa--&gt;
| P61305 = 2369/ 98.5/ 1.5///&lt;!--Molatswanene--&gt;
| P61306 = 2601/ 11.3/ 13.7/ 5.2/ 69.7/&lt;!--Schweizer-Reneke--&gt;
| P61401 = 26424/ 99.5/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Bathlaping Ba Ga Maidi--&gt;
| P61402 = 30810/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--Bathlaping Ba Ga Mothibi--&gt;
| P61403 = 107870/ 99.2/ 0.7/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Bathlaping Ba Ga Phuduhutswana--&gt;
| P61404 = 3337/ 97.2/ 2.8// 0.1/&lt;!--Batlhaping Ba Ga Phudutswana--&gt;
| P61405 = 3568/ 72.9/ 12.6/ 0.3/ 14.1/&lt;!--Boipelo--&gt;
| P61406 = 3159/ 81.1/ 9.0/ 0.3/ 9.6/&lt;!--Greater Taung--&gt;
| P61407 = 3255/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Motsweding--&gt;
| P61408 = 3718/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--Pudimoe--&gt;
| P61409 = 21/ 100.0////&lt;!--Reivilo--&gt;
| P61501 = 8449/ 87.1/ 2.9// 10.0/&lt;!--Molopo--&gt;
| P61502 = 3241/ 98.1/ 0.8// 1.1/&lt;!--Pomfret--&gt;
| P61601 = 4181/ 16.9/ 32.6/ 1.9/ 48.6/&lt;!--Bloemhof--&gt;
| P61602 = 17855/ 97.6/ 2.1// 0.3/&lt;!--Boitumelong--&gt;
| P61603 = 4862/ 31.4/ 15.0/ 0.4/ 53.2/&lt;!--Christiana--&gt;
| P61604 = 4366/ 85.7/ 1.8// 12.6/&lt;!--Lekwa-Teemane--&gt;
| P61605 = 11701/ 98.4/ 1.6///&lt;!--Utlwanang--&gt;
| P61701 = 0/////&lt;!--Schoonspruit Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P61702 = 13533/ 97.1/ 2.9///&lt;!--Tshing--&gt;
| P61703 = 26329/ 88.0/ 2.4// 9.7/&lt;!--Ventersdorp Part 1--&gt;
| P61704 = 3212/ 21.5/ 8.7/ 2.2/ 67.7/&lt;!--Ventersdorp Part 2--&gt;
| P61801 = 61847/ 97.6/ 1.0// 1.4/&lt;!--Ikageng--&gt;
| P61802 = 12079/ 96.5/ 1.1/ 2.3/ 0.2/&lt;!--Mohadin--&gt;
| P61803 = 26723/ 11.7/ 1.6/ 0.7/ 86.1/&lt;!--Potchefstroom Part 2--&gt;
| P61804 = 10715/ 37.8/ 62.1/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Promosa--&gt;
| P61805 = 16983/ 66.6/ 3.1// 30.3/&lt;!--Potchefstroom Part 1--&gt;
| P61901 = 1825/ 95.7/// 4.3/&lt;!--Buffelsfontein--&gt;
| P61902 = 20194/ 88.8/ 1.2/ 0.1/ 10.0/&lt;!--City Council of Klerksdorp--&gt;
| P61903 = 542/ 50.0// 0.6/ 49.4/&lt;!--Dominionville--&gt;
| P61904 = 18/ 83.3/// 16.7/&lt;!--Faan Meintjies Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P61905 = 445/ 84.5// 3.4/ 12.1/&lt;!--GTC Village--&gt;
| P61906 = 1275/ 36.1/ 0.5// 63.5/&lt;!--Hartebeesfontein--&gt;
| P61907 = 4350/ 99.4/ 0.1// 0.5/&lt;!--Hartebeestfontein--&gt;
| P61908 = 104977/ 98.9/ 1.0///&lt;!--Jouberton--&gt;
| P61909 = 66936/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Kanana--&gt;
| P61910 = 1501/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Khayalihle--&gt;
| P61911 = 42963/ 99.5/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Khuma--&gt;
| P61912 = 59509/ 20.6/ 13.3/ 2.2/ 63.9/&lt;!--Klerksdorp--&gt;
| P61913 = 0/////&lt;!--Margaret Mine--&gt;
| P61914 = 15539/ 38.2/ 1.0// 60.8/&lt;!--Orkney--&gt;
| P61915 = 516/ 100.0////&lt;!--Paballong Village--&gt;
| P61916 = 14713/ 14.4/ 0.9/ 0.2/ 84.6/&lt;!--Stilfontein--&gt;
| P61917 = 470/ 98.1/ 1.3// 0.6/&lt;!--Stilfontein Gold Mine--&gt;
| P61918 = 12111/ 98.0/ 2.0///&lt;!--Tigane--&gt;
| P61919 = 11345/ 94.8/ 0.2// 5.0/&lt;!--Vaal Reefs--&gt;
| P62001 = 669/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Kareeboom--&gt;
| P62002 = 9961/ 98.2/ 1.8///&lt;!--Kgakala--&gt;
| P62003 = 8417/ 96.3/ 3.7///&lt;!--Lebaleng--&gt;
| P62004 = 1492/ 10.5/ 0.4// 89.1/&lt;!--Leeudoringstad--&gt;
| P62005 = 3486/ 72.0/ 2.6/ 0.4/ 25.0/&lt;!--Makwassie--&gt;
| P62006 = 20662/ 88.2/ 2.3// 9.5/&lt;!--Maquassi Hills--&gt;
| P62007 = 1269/ 97.4/ 2.6///&lt;!--Rulaganyang--&gt;
| P62008 = 20101/ 97.8/ 1.9/ 0.3/ 0.1/&lt;!--Tswelelang--&gt;
| P62009 = 374/ 12.8/ 0.8// 86.4/&lt;!--Witpoort--&gt;
| P62010 = 2607/ 16.3/ 5.2/ 1.4/ 77.1/&lt;!--Wolmaransstad--&gt;
| P62101 = 48/ 100.0////&lt;!--Batlhaping Ba Ga Jantjie--&gt;
| P62102 = 3305/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Batlhaping Ba Ga Sehunelo--&gt;
| P62103 = 27063/ 99.5/ 0.3// 0.2/&lt;!--Batlharo Ba Ga Motlhware--&gt;
| P62104 = 6531/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Batlharo Ba Ga Phadima--&gt;
| P62105 = 1050/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Batlharo Ba Lotlhware--&gt;
| P62106 = 46111/ 99.1/ 0.9///&lt;!--Kudumane--&gt;
| P67601 = 62419/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Amandebele A Lebelo--&gt;
| P67602 = 1190/ 95.5/ 2.5// 2.0/&lt;!--City of Tshwane Metro Part 2--&gt;
| P67603 = 71279/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--Ga-Rankuwa Part 4--&gt;
| P67604 = 285/ 84.2/ 1.1/ 2.1/ 12.6/&lt;!--Hammanskraal Part 2--&gt;
| P67605 = 192914/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--Mabopane Part 2--&gt;
| P67606 = 708/ 100.0////&lt;!--Soshanguve Part 2--&gt;
| P67607 = 57840/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Temba Part 2--&gt;
| P67608 = 65391/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Tirisano--&gt;
| P67609 = 5495/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ga-Rankuwa Part 2--&gt;
| P67610 = 1226/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ga-Rankuwa Part 3--&gt;
| P67611 = 210/ 100.0////&lt;!--Temba Part 3--&gt;
| P68101 = 37270/ 99.0/ 1.0///&lt;!--Batlharo Ba Ga Motlhware--&gt;
| P68102 = 14033/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--Kudumane--&gt;
| P68103 = 0/////&lt;!--Kuruman Part 1--&gt;
| P68104 = 4626/ 99.3/ 0.1/ 0.6//&lt;!--Mothibistad--&gt;
| P68701 = 431/ 9.0/ 4.2// 86.8/&lt;!--Jan Kempdorp Part 1--&gt;
| P68702 = 21125/ 99.2/ 0.8/ 0.1//&lt;!--Pampierstad--&gt;
| P68801 = 5256/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Elandsfontein--&gt;
| P68802 = 1786/ 100.0////&lt;!--Elandsrand--&gt;
| P68803 = 11344/ 16.8/ 7.8/ 0.1/ 75.3/&lt;!--Fochville--&gt;
| P68804 = 23062/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Kokosi--&gt;
| P68805 = 1176/ 100.0////&lt;!--Leeupoort--&gt;
| P68806 = 4346/ 77.0/ 1.5/ 0.3/ 21.2/&lt;!--Merafong City Part 2--&gt;
| P68807 = 14159/ 100.0////&lt;!--Wedela--&gt;
| P69101 = 156/ 15.4/ 3.8/ 1.9/ 78.8/&lt;!--Pilanesberg Game Reserve--&gt;
| P69102 = 141/ 23.4/ 2.1/ 4.3/ 70.2/&lt;!--Pilansberg National Park--&gt;
| P70101 = 100940/ 99.5/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Kagiso--&gt;
| P70102 = 86614/ 31.3/ 1.2/ 7.3/ 60.3/&lt;!--Krugersdorp--&gt;
| P70103 = 2512/ 79.3/ 2.2/ 0.2/ 18.2/&lt;!--Magaliesburg--&gt;
| P70104 = 45457/ 80.4/ 1.0/ 0.3/ 18.2/&lt;!--Mogale City Part 1--&gt;
| P70105 = 599/ 83.8/ 1.0// 15.2/&lt;!--Muldersdrift--&gt;
| P70106 = 19837/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Munsieville--&gt;
| P70107 = 1083/ 98.3/ 1.1// 0.6/&lt;!--Orient Hills--&gt;
| P70108 = 31261/ 99.2/ 0.6// 0.1/&lt;!--Rietvallei--&gt;
| P70109 = 1411/ 94.3/ 0.4/ 0.4/ 4.9/&lt;!--Mogale City Part 2--&gt;
| P70201 = 1473/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Bhongweni--&gt;
| P70202 = 308/ 97.1/ 1.9// 1.0/&lt;!--Brandvlei--&gt;
| P70203 = 49442/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Mohlakeng--&gt;
| P70204 = 1333/ 98.6/ 1.4///&lt;!--Panvlak Gold Mine--&gt;
| P70205 = 47256/ 41.5/ 3.2/ 0.3/ 55.0/&lt;!--Randfontein Part 1--&gt;
| P70206 = 15191/ 25.2/ 74.4/ 0.3/ 0.1/&lt;!--Toekomsrus--&gt;
| P70207 = 7222/ 98.4/ 1.6///&lt;!--Zenzele--&gt;
| P70208 = 6620/ 89.6/ 1.0/ 0.5/ 8.9/&lt;!--Randfontein Part 2--&gt;
| P70301 = 55838/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Bekkersdal--&gt;
| P70302 = 1215/ 100.0////&lt;!--Cooke Mine--&gt;
| P70303 = 3238/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Elsburg Gold Mine--&gt;
| P70304 = 636/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Etlebeni--&gt;
| P70305 = 4757/ 48.9/ 0.8/ 1.2/ 49.1/&lt;!--Glen Harvie--&gt;
| P70306 = 2147/ 48.8/ 0.6// 50.7/&lt;!--Hills Haven--&gt;
| P70307 = 315/ 86.7/ 12.4// 1.0/&lt;!--Johannesburg--&gt;
| P70308 = 6819/ 98.1/// 1.8/&lt;!--Kloof Gold Mine--&gt;
| P70309 = 2610/ 99.7/// 0.3/&lt;!--Leeudoorn Mine--&gt;
| P70310 = 3013/ 83.8/ 0.6/ 0.2/ 15.4/&lt;!--Libanon Gold Mine--&gt;
| P70311 = 490/ 98.2/// 1.8/&lt;!--Modderfontein--&gt;
| P70312 = 815/ 100.0////&lt;!--Panvlak Gold Mine--&gt;
| P70313 = 2774/ 99.7/ 0.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Randfontein Mine--&gt;
| P70314 = 1048/ 47.4/ 1.4// 51.1/&lt;!--Venterspost--&gt;
| P70315 = 433/ 60.7/ 2.8// 36.5/&lt;!--Waterpan--&gt;
| P70316 = 14731/ 87.1/ 1.0/ 0.6/ 11.3/&lt;!--Westonaria Part 1--&gt;
| P70317 = 8441/ 43.7/ 1.2/ 0.2/ 54.9/&lt;!--Westonaria Part 2--&gt;
| P70401 = 16867/ 99.4/ 0.5// 0.1/&lt;!--Boipatong--&gt;
| P70402 = 37782/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Bophelong--&gt;
| P70403 = 4378/ 80.4/ 0.6// 18.9/&lt;!--Emfuleni--&gt;
| P70404 = 143157/ 99.5/ 0.4///&lt;!--Evaton--&gt;
| P70405 = 16720/ 99.5/ 0.4///&lt;!--Orange Farm--&gt;
| P70406 = 222045/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Sebokeng--&gt;
| P70407 = 41032/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--Sharpeville--&gt;
| P70408 = 22952/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Tshepiso--&gt;
| P70409 = 80205/ 28.8/ 0.9/ 0.4/ 69.9/&lt;!--Vanderbijlpark--&gt;
| P70410 = 73283/ 38.5/ 6.2/ 7.6/ 47.7/&lt;!--Vereeniging--&gt;
| P70501 = 358/ 66.5/ 6.7// 26.8/&lt;!--Alberton--&gt;
| P70502 = 3406/ 99.1/ 0.9///&lt;!--Evaton--&gt;
| P70503 = 24215/ 51.6/ 0.9/ 0.1/ 47.3/&lt;!--Meyerton--&gt;
| P70504 = 12723/ 83.7/ 0.9/ 0.3/ 15.2/&lt;!--Midvaal--&gt;
| P70505 = 7933/ 47.3/ 1.6/ 0.9/ 50.3/&lt;!--Randvaal--&gt;
| P70506 = 0/////&lt;!--Suikerbosrand Natuurresevaat--&gt;
| P70507 = 9/ 66.7/// 33.3/&lt;!--Vaal Marina--&gt;
| P70508 = 6347/ 32.2/ 2.2/ 0.4/ 65.1/&lt;!--Vereeniging--&gt;
| P70509 = 9662/ 59.0/ 2.4/ 1.1/ 37.5/&lt;!--Walkerville--&gt;
| P70601 = 704/ 57.1/ 2.1/ 3.4/ 37.4/&lt;!--Devon--&gt;
| P70602 = 11614/ 24.2/ 1.7/ 4.0/ 70.1/&lt;!--Heidelberg--&gt;
| P70603 = 6226/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Impumelelo--&gt;
| P70604 = 16350/ 72.4/ 1.3/ 0.3/ 26.0/&lt;!--Lesedi Local Municipality--&gt;
| P70605 = 1507/ 83.0/ 0.4// 16.6/&lt;!--Nigel--&gt;
| P70606 = 35145/ 99.5/ 0.5///&lt;!--Ratanda--&gt;
| P70607 = 0/////&lt;!--Springs--&gt;
| P70701 = 4003/ 75.3/ 5.1/ 0.4/ 19.1/&lt;!--Baviaanspoort--&gt;
| P70702 = 7684/ 68.4/ 3.7/ 0.2/ 27.7/&lt;!--Cullinan--&gt;
| P70703 = 4894/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Kekana Gardens--&gt;
| P70704 = 18531/ 52.7/ 1.1/ 0.1/ 46.1/&lt;!--Nokeng tsa Taemane--&gt;
| P70705 = 885/ 61.4/ 38.1// 0.7/&lt;!--Onverwacht--&gt;
| P70706 = 2964/ 7.0/ 0.1// 92.9/&lt;!--Rayton--&gt;
| P70707 = 13393/ 98.7/ 1.3///&lt;!--Refilwe--&gt;
| P70708 = 78/ 34.6/// 65.4/&lt;!--Roodeplaat Dam Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P70709 = 165/ 65.5/// 34.5/&lt;!--Vergenoeg--&gt;
| P77301 = 89392/ 14.4/ 14.6/ 2.8/ 68.3/&lt;!--Alberton--&gt;
| P77302 = 936/ 98.7/// 1.3/&lt;!--Bapsfontein--&gt;
| P77303 = 21294/ 22.5/ 1.4/ 5.8/ 70.3/&lt;!--Bedfordview--&gt;
| P77304 = 94341/ 30.4/ 1.2/ 8.9/ 59.4/&lt;!--Benoni--&gt;
| P77305 = 158649/ 48.8/ 5.3/ 1.7/ 44.1/&lt;!--Boksburg--&gt;
| P77306 = 62113/ 30.9/ 11.6/ 2.9/ 54.5/&lt;!--Brakpan--&gt;
| P77307 = 2151/ 88.7/ 11.2/ 0.1//&lt;!--Cerutiville--&gt;
| P77308 = 2896/ 99.2/ 0.6// 0.2/&lt;!--Chief Albert Lithuli Park--&gt;
| P77309 = 131390/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Daveyton--&gt;
| P77310 = 71960/ 99.6/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Duduza--&gt;
| P77311 = 18537/ 94.2/ 5.7// 0.1/&lt;!--Dukathole--&gt;
| P77312 = 40624/ 16.6/ 1.3/ 4.3/ 77.8/&lt;!--Edenvale--&gt;
| P77313 = 18795/ 89.9/ 0.6// 9.4/&lt;!--Ekurhuleni Metro--&gt;
| P77314 = 124435/ 99.6/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Etwatwa--&gt;
| P77315 = 139719/ 46.8/ 1.9/ 1.5/ 49.8/&lt;!--Germiston--&gt;
| P77316 = 349866/ 98.7/ 0.4/ 0.8//&lt;!--Katlehong--&gt;
| P77317 = 117271/ 25.8/ 1.8/ 1.7/ 70.6/&lt;!--Kempton Park--&gt;
| P77318 = 99517/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--KwaThema--&gt;
| P77319 = 7514/ 99.5/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Lindelani Village--&gt;
| P77320 = 5095/ 59.0/ 2.2/ 1.7/ 37.0/&lt;!--Midrand--&gt;
| P77321 = 28706/ 31.0/ 19.6/ 4.0/ 45.4/&lt;!--Nigel--&gt;
| P77322 = 36004/ 47.9/ 51.7/ 0.3/ 0.1/&lt;!--Reiger Park--&gt;
| P77323 = 80776/ 39.4/ 1.2/ 5.6/ 53.8/&lt;!--Springs--&gt;
| P77324 = 348693/ 99.6/ 0.2// 0.2/&lt;!--Tembisa--&gt;
| P77325 = 85106/ 99.6/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Thokoza--&gt;
| P77326 = 144289/ 99.6/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Tsakane--&gt;
| P77327 = 150277/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Vosloorus--&gt;
| P77328 = 49927/ 82.0/ 2.0/ 15.9/ 0.1/&lt;!--Wattville--&gt;
| P77401 = 166968/ 99.2/ 0.7// 0.1/&lt;!--Alexandra--&gt;
| P77402 = 300/ 99.0/// 1.0/&lt;!--Bultfontein--&gt;
| P77403 = 8632/ 83.3/ 7.5/ 2.4/ 6.8/&lt;!--City of Johannesburg Metro--&gt;
| P77404 = 104096/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Diepkloof--&gt;
| P77405 = 49735/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Diepsloot--&gt;
| P77406 = 16206/ 98.1/ 1.9/ 0.1//&lt;!--Ebony Park--&gt;
| P77407 = 1671/ 20.6/ 1.6/ 0.9/ 76.8/&lt;!--Edenvale--&gt;
| P77408 = 112516/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ivory Park--&gt;
| P77409 = 1009035/ 48.7/ 17.1/ 11.2/ 22.9/&lt;!--Johannesburg--&gt;
| P77410 = 3071/ 99.1/ 0.9///&lt;!--Kagiso--&gt;
| P77411 = 1382/ 56.8/ 0.4/ 0.4/ 42.3/&lt;!--Kempton Park--&gt;
| P77412 = 3144/ 98.8/ 1.2///&lt;!--Klipfontein View--&gt;
| P77413 = 8864/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mayabuye--&gt;
| P77414 = 138354/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Meadowlands--&gt;
| P77415 = 44563/ 54.8/ 2.0/ 6.4/ 36.8/&lt;!--Midrand--&gt;
| P77416 = 952/ 99.1/ 0.9///&lt;!--Nooitgedacht--&gt;
| P77417 = 163877/ 99.6/ 0.3///&lt;!--Orange Farm--&gt;
| P77418 = 357/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Pipeline--&gt;
| P77419 = 9478/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Poortjie--&gt;
| P77420 = 22193/ 83.0/ 16.8/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Rabie Ridge--&gt;
| P77421 = 133899/ 26.9/ 2.0/ 4.4/ 66.7/&lt;!--Randburg--&gt;
| P77422 = 12/ 100.0////&lt;!--Randfontein--&gt;
| P77423 = 172601/ 31.0/ 9.1/ 2.6/ 57.4/&lt;!--Roodepoort--&gt;
| P77424 = 125577/ 32.6/ 1.4/ 5.5/ 60.6/&lt;!--Sandton--&gt;
| P77425 = 5886/ 99.8/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Slovoville--&gt;
| P77426 = 858644/ 99.3/ 0.6///&lt;!--Soweto--&gt;
| P77427 = 1978/ 98.8/ 0.9/ 0.2/ 0.2/&lt;!--Sweetwaters--&gt;
| P77428 = 28070/ 99.7/ 0.3/ 0.1//&lt;!--Tshepisong--&gt;
| P77429 = 4616/ 97.9/ 1.9/ 0.2//&lt;!--Vlakfontein--&gt;
| P77430 = 11606/ 99.4/ 0.5/ 0.1//&lt;!--Wheeler's Farm--&gt;
| P77431 = 9031/ 99.1/ 0.7// 0.2/&lt;!--Zandspruit--&gt;
| P77432 = 8489/ 99.3/ 0.3/ 0.4/ 0.1/&lt;!--Zevenfontein--&gt;
| P77601 = 28055/ 45.6/ 0.9/ 1.0/ 52.5/&lt;!--Akasia--&gt;
| P77602 = 43707/ 99.3/ 0.3/ 0.4/ 0.1/&lt;!--Atteridgeville--&gt;
| P77603 = 141540/ 19.7/ 1.2/ 14.8/ 64.3/&lt;!--Centurion--&gt;
| P77604 = 47103/ 73.0/ 0.6/ 0.3/ 26.2/&lt;!--City of Tshwane Metro Part 1--&gt;
| P77605 = 5917/ 98.0/ 0.7/ 1.0/ 0.4/&lt;!--Ga-Rankuwa Part 1--&gt;
| P77606 = 9383/ 96.8/ 0.5/ 0.4/ 2.3/&lt;!--Hammanskraal Part 1--&gt;
| P77607 = 825/ 98.9/ 0.7/ 0.4//&lt;!--Knopjeslaagte--&gt;
| P77608 = 17485/ 99.5/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Mabopane Part 1--&gt;
| P77609 = 256117/ 99.5/ 0.4///&lt;!--Mamelodi--&gt;
| P77610 = 23973/ 94.9/ 4.6// 0.5/&lt;!--Nellmapius--&gt;
| P77611 = 13093/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Olievenhoutbos--&gt;
| P77612 = 525387/ 24.5/ 6.2/ 1.6/ 67.7/&lt;!--Pretoria--&gt;
| P77613 = 95676/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Saulsville--&gt;
| P77614 = 311223/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Soshanguve Part 1--&gt;
| P77615 = 7551/ 99.2/ 0.5// 0.2/&lt;!--Temba Part 1--&gt;
| P78201 = 7909/ 32.5/ 1.5/ 1.5/ 64.4/&lt;!--Bronkhorstspruit--&gt;
| P78202 = 24/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ekandustria--&gt;
| P78203 = 39303/ 70.1/ 1.0/ 0.1/ 28.7/&lt;!--Kungwini Part 2--&gt;
| P78204 = 2684/ 19.2/ 0.4/ 0.1/ 80.2/&lt;!--Pretoria--&gt;
| P78205 = 6344/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Rethabiseng--&gt;
| P78206 = 1686/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sehlakwana--&gt;
| P78207 = 15900/ 99.1/ 0.9///&lt;!--Zithobeni--&gt;
| P78801 = 471/ 88.5/ 0.6/ 5.1/ 5.7/&lt;!--Blybank--&gt;
| P78802 = 6461/ 79.7/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 19.9/&lt;!--Blyvooruitzicht--&gt;
| P78803 = 18364/ 44.3/ 1.0/ 0.7/ 54.0/&lt;!--Carletonville--&gt;
| P78804 = 3356/ 73.7/ 0.4/ 0.1/ 25.8/&lt;!--Deelkraal--&gt;
| P78805 = 2575/ 89.7/ 0.3// 9.9/&lt;!--Doornfontein--&gt;
| P78806 = 11481/ 79.9/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 19.9/&lt;!--East Driefontein Mine--&gt;
| P78807 = 2881/ 70.4/ 0.6// 28.9/&lt;!--Elandsridge--&gt;
| P78808 = 69858/ 99.7/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Khutsong--&gt;
| P78809 = 1511/ 100.0////&lt;!--Letsatsing--&gt;
| P78810 = 7798/ 79.8/ 1.5/ 0.1/ 18.5/&lt;!--Merafong City Part 1--&gt;
| P78811 = 5368/ 25.4/ 0.3/ 0.2/ 74.0/&lt;!--Oberholzer--&gt;
| P78812 = 947/ 100.0////&lt;!--Phomolong--&gt;
| P78813 = 2226/ 26.2/ 1.1/ 0.4/ 72.3/&lt;!--Welverdiend--&gt;
| P78814 = 4792/ 99.5/ 0.1// 0.4/&lt;!--Westdriefontein--&gt;
| P78815 = 11274/ 94.0/ 0.1// 5.9/&lt;!--Western Deep Levels Mine--&gt;
| P79101 = 5777/ 81.5/ 2.4/ 0.1/ 15.9/&lt;!--West Rand--&gt;
| P80101 = 21242/ 91.6/ 0.4/ 0.2/ 7.9/&lt;!--Albert Luthuli--&gt;
| P80102 = 276/ 40.6// 3.3/ 56.2/&lt;!--Badplaas--&gt;
| P80103 = 4092/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bhevula--&gt;
| P80104 = 2952/ 60.4/ 0.8/ 6.3/ 32.5/&lt;!--Carolina--&gt;
| P80105 = 229/ 85.6/ 1.3// 13.1/&lt;!--Diepgezet--&gt;
| P80106 = 1760/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Duma--&gt;
| P80107 = 41780/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Eerstehoek--&gt;
| P80108 = 4490/ 99.7/ 0.2/ 0.1//&lt;!--Ekulundeni--&gt;
| P80109 = 45249/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Embhuleni--&gt;
| P80110 = 1314/ 100.0////&lt;!--Emfumbeni--&gt;
| P80111 = 1202/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Emjindini--&gt;
| P80112 = 3/ 100.0////&lt;!--Empuluzi--&gt;
| P80113 = 9235/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Enikakuyengwa--&gt;
| P80114 = 5181/ 99.5/ 0.2// 0.3/&lt;!--Lukwatini--&gt;
| P80115 = 1067/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mandlamakhulu--&gt;
| P80116 = 19415/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mpisikazi--&gt;
| P80117 = 11855/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Mpuluzi--&gt;
| P80118 = 3012/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndlela--&gt;
| P80119 = 544/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sandleni--&gt;
| P80120 = 9167/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Silobela--&gt;
| P80121 = 585/ 100.0////&lt;!--Steynsdorp--&gt;
| P80122 = 3296/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Tshabalala--&gt;
| P80201 = 4591/ 83.2/ 0.8/ 0.6/ 15.4/&lt;!--Breyten--&gt;
| P80202 = 752/ 87.6/ 0.8// 11.4/&lt;!--Camden--&gt;
| P80203 = 87/ 24.1/// 75.9/&lt;!--Davel--&gt;
| P80204 = 11596/ 23.7/ 0.9/ 6.5/ 68.9/&lt;!--Ermelo--&gt;
| P80205 = 2490/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Kwachibikhulu--&gt;
| P80206 = 3548/ 100.0////&lt;!--KwaDela--&gt;
| P80207 = 7493/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--KwaZanele--&gt;
| P80208 = 93/ 93.5/// 6.5/&lt;!--Lothair--&gt;
| P80209 = 47832/ 93.1/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 6.6/&lt;!--Msukaligwa--&gt;
| P80210 = 16295/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Phumula--&gt;
| P80211 = 5340/ 99.4/ 0.6/ 0.1//&lt;!--Selindile--&gt;
| P80212 = 1229/ 93.7/ 0.2// 6.1/&lt;!--Sheepmoor--&gt;
| P80213 = 23443/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Wesselton--&gt;
| P80301 = 1452/ 59.1/ 0.6/ 1.2/ 39.0/&lt;!--Amsterdam--&gt;
| P80302 = 523/ 100.0////&lt;!--Dirkiesdorp--&gt;
| P80303 = 15319/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Driefontein--&gt;
| P80304 = 24867/ 99.8/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Ethandakukhanya--&gt;
| P80305 = 1003/ 100.0////&lt;!--KwaNgema--&gt;
| P80306 = 5085/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--KwaThandeka--&gt;
| P80307 = 77246/ 98.9/ 0.1// 1.0/&lt;!--Mkhondo--&gt;
| P80308 = 3539/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Ngema--&gt;
| P80309 = 13052/ 61.7/ 3.1/ 5.7/ 29.4/&lt;!--Piet Retief--&gt;
| P80310 = 807/ 98.5/ 0.4/ 0.7/ 0.4/&lt;!--Shabalala--&gt;
| P80401 = 1405/ 63.1// 6.0/ 30.9/&lt;!--Amersfoort--&gt;
| P80402 = 17352/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Daggakraal--&gt;
| P80403 = 4875/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--eSizameleni--&gt;
| P80404 = 6933/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--eZamokuhle--&gt;
| P80405 = 2304/ 93.8/ 0.3/ 0.9/ 5.0/&lt;!--Perdekop--&gt;
| P80406 = 25556/ 94.1/ 0.3// 5.6/&lt;!--Seme--&gt;
| P80407 = 889/ 100.0////&lt;!--Siyazenzela--&gt;
| P80408 = 5676/ 35.0/ 4.4/ 5.5/ 55.2/&lt;!--Volksrust--&gt;
| P80409 = 14792/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Vukuzakhe--&gt;
| P80410 = 775/ 44.6/ 0.8/ 6.2/ 48.4/&lt;!--Wakkerstroom--&gt;
| P80411 = 177/ 100.0////&lt;!--Witkoppie--&gt;
| P80501 = 33321/ 93.1/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 6.6/&lt;!--Lekwa--&gt;
| P80502 = 2324/ 75.8/ 0.3/ 0.4/ 23.5/&lt;!--Morgenzon--&gt;
| P80503 = 39773/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Sakhile--&gt;
| P80504 = 1743/ 98.8/ 0.2// 1.0/&lt;!--Sivukile--&gt;
| P80505 = 23291/ 52.1/ 7.2/ 4.0/ 36.6/&lt;!--Standerton--&gt;
| P80506 = 2507/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Thuthukani--&gt;
| P80507 = 315/ 99.0/ 1.0///&lt;!--Tutuka--&gt;
| P80601 = 2070/ 52.3/ 0.3/ 0.4/ 47.0/&lt;!--Balfour--&gt;
| P80602 = 14131/ 84.0/ 0.3/ 0.2/ 15.4/&lt;!--Dipaleseng--&gt;
| P80603 = 293/ 9.2/ 1.0/ 85.7/ 4.1/&lt;!--Ekanini--&gt;
| P80604 = 1508/ 100.0////&lt;!--Greylingstad--&gt;
| P80605 = 2888/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Nthwane--&gt;
| P80606 = 17747/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Siyathemba--&gt;
| P80701 = 8512/ 37.8/ 1.0/ 0.8/ 60.4/&lt;!--Bethal--&gt;
| P80702 = 277/ 5.4/ 3.2/ 5.4/ 85.9/&lt;!--Brendan Village--&gt;
| P80703 = 210/ 71.4/// 28.6/&lt;!--Charl Cilliers--&gt;
| P80704 = 293/ 11.3/ 1.0/ 1.0/ 86.7/&lt;!--Eendrag--&gt;
| P80705 = 91751/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Embalenhle--&gt;
| P80706 = 31012/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--eMzinoni--&gt;
| P80707 = 8212/ 57.9/ 2.7/ 1.4/ 38.0/&lt;!--Evander--&gt;
| P80708 = 22132/ 92.6/ 0.7/ 0.1/ 6.7/&lt;!--Highveld East--&gt;
| P80709 = 325/ 82.5/// 17.5/&lt;!--Highveld Ridge Mines--&gt;
| P80710 = 4906/ 48.7/ 19.7/ 16.9/ 14.7/&lt;!--Kinross--&gt;
| P80711 = 9/ 100.0////&lt;!--Leandra--&gt;
| P80712 = 19396/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--Lebogang--&gt;
| P80713 = 761/ 46.0/ 0.4/ 14.2/ 39.4/&lt;!--Leslie--&gt;
| P80714 = 0/////&lt;!--Leslie Gold Mines--&gt;
| P80715 = 1083/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mandela Section--&gt;
| P80716 = 4760/ 93.5/ 0.9/ 5.1/ 0.4/&lt;!--Milan Park--&gt;
| P80717 = 26125/ 23.8/ 1.6/ 1.5/ 73.1/&lt;!--Secunda--&gt;
| P80718 = 12/ 50.0/// 50.0/&lt;!--Sorento Park--&gt;
| P80719 = 1973/ 10.9/ 1.2/ 11.3/ 76.5/&lt;!--Trichardt--&gt;
| P80801 = 30793/ 99.5/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Botleng--&gt;
| P80802 = 17275/ 93.0/ 0.4/ 0.2/ 6.5/&lt;!--Delmas Part 1--&gt;
| P80803 = 1391/ 31.9/ 1.7// 66.4/&lt;!--Eloff--&gt;
| P80804 = 3252/ 58.7/ 0.6/ 0.5/ 40.2/&lt;!--Sundra--&gt;
| P80805 = 3496/ 18.4/ 0.3/ 0.8/ 80.5/&lt;!--Delmas Part 2--&gt;
| P80901 = 3/ 100.0////&lt;!--Boschmans Colliery--&gt;
| P80902 = 2657/ 79.5/ 2.3// 18.3/&lt;!--Clewer--&gt;
| P80903 = 154/ 31.2/// 68.8/&lt;!--Coalville--&gt;
| P80904 = 120/ 97.5/// 2.5/&lt;!--Cologne--&gt;
| P80905 = 6/ 100.0////&lt;!--Coronation--&gt;
| P80906 = 31209/ 93.5/ 0.6/ 0.2/ 5.8/&lt;!--Emalahleni--&gt;
| P80907 = 1314/ 79.9/ 0.5// 19.6/&lt;!--Greenside Colliery--&gt;
| P80908 = 27092/ 99.3/ 0.6/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Hlalanikahle--&gt;
| P80909 = 311/ 96.1/// 3.9/&lt;!--Ikageng--&gt;
| P80910 = 285/ 98.9/// 1.1/&lt;!--Kendal--&gt;
| P80911 = 0/////&lt;!--Khutala Colliery--&gt;
| P80912 = 195/ 100.0////&lt;!--Klarinet--&gt;
| P80913 = 249/ 98.8/// 1.2/&lt;!--Klipplaat--&gt;
| P80914 = 382/ 92.7/ 2.6// 4.7/&lt;!--Klippoortjie--&gt;
| P80915 = 11695/ 52.8/ 0.7/ 0.9/ 45.6/&lt;!--Kriel--&gt;
| P80916 = 8005/ 99.0/ 0.7/ 0.2//&lt;!--KwaGuqa Part 1--&gt;
| P80917 = 510/ 100.0////&lt;!--KwaGuqa Part 5--&gt;
| P80918 = 67461/ 99.4/ 0.5// 0.1/&lt;!--KwaGuqa Part 2--&gt;
| P80919 = 189/ 96.8/ 3.2///&lt;!--KwaGuqa Part 3--&gt;
| P80920 = 1997/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--KwaGuqa Part 4--&gt;
| P80921 = 1707/ 93.3/ 0.2// 6.5/&lt;!--Landau Colliery--&gt;
| P80922 = 2867/ 99.5/ 0.1// 0.4/&lt;!--Lehlaka Park--&gt;
| P80923 = 283/ 95.8// 1.1/ 3.2/&lt;!--Lekama--&gt;
| P80924 = 189/ 96.8// 3.2//&lt;!--Madressa--&gt;
| P80925 = 1207/ 96.8/// 3.2/&lt;!--Matla Coal Mine--&gt;
| P80926 = 1782/ 100.0////&lt;!--Naauwpoort--&gt;
| P80927 = 797/ 80.1/ 0.8// 19.3/&lt;!--New Largo--&gt;
| P80928 = 897/ 54.4/ 3.0/ 2.0/ 40.5/&lt;!--Ogies--&gt;
| P80929 = 108/ 100.0////&lt;!--Pambili--&gt;
| P80930 = 1410/ 78.9/ 1.1/ 0.4/ 19.6/&lt;!--Paxton--&gt;
| P80931 = 99/ 66.7/ 6.1// 27.3/&lt;!--Phoenix Colliery--&gt;
| P80932 = 22864/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Phola--&gt;
| P80933 = 898/ 52.2/ 3.7/ 44.1//&lt;!--Pine Ridge--&gt;
| P80934 = 905/ 77.2/// 22.8/&lt;!--Reedstream Park--&gt;
| P80935 = 762/ 100.0////&lt;!--Rethabile--&gt;
| P80936 = 292/ 94.9/// 5.1/&lt;!--Rietspruit Opencast Mine--&gt;
| P80937 = 270/ 95.6/// 4.4/&lt;!--Saaiwater--&gt;
| P80938 = 118/ 100.0////&lt;!--Soetvelde--&gt;
| P80939 = 369/ 40.7// 0.8/ 58.5/&lt;!--Springbok--&gt;
| P80940 = 0/////&lt;!--Tavistock Colliery--&gt;
| P80941 = 5746/ 99.8/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Thubelihle--&gt;
| P80942 = 709/ 83.1/ 0.4// 16.5/&lt;!--Travistock--&gt;
| P80943 = 307/ 40.1// 2.9/ 57.0/&lt;!--Travistock South--&gt;
| P80944 = 650/ 57.5/ 3.7/ 0.5/ 38.2/&lt;!--Tweefontein--&gt;
| P80945 = 2010/ 79.7/ 0.4// 19.9/&lt;!--Vandyksdrif--&gt;
| P80946 = 237/ 77.2/ 2.5// 20.3/&lt;!--Voltargo--&gt;
| P80947 = 13126/ 99.1/ 0.5// 0.4/&lt;!--Vosman--&gt;
| P80948 = 61093/ 40.3/ 4.7/ 0.7/ 54.2/&lt;!--Witbank--&gt;
| P80949 = 249/ 100.0////&lt;!--Witbank Consolidated Colliery--&gt;
| P80950 = 184/ 27.7/ 8.2// 64.1/&lt;!--Witcons--&gt;
| P80951 = 463/ 75.8// 0.6/ 23.5/&lt;!--Wolwekrans--&gt;
| P80952 = 21/ 85.7/// 14.3/&lt;!--Zaaiwater--&gt;
| P81001 = 1191/ 98.0/ 2.0///&lt;!--Doornkop--&gt;
| P81002 = 890/ 16.9// 1.3/ 81.8/&lt;!--Hendrina--&gt;
| P81003 = 153/ 41.2/// 58.8/&lt;!--Kranspoort Dorp--&gt;
| P81004 = 12845/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--KwaZamokuhle--&gt;
| P81005 = 46012/ 99.4/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--Mhluzi--&gt;
| P81006 = 42306/ 45.8/ 7.3/ 2.8/ 44.1/&lt;!--Middelburg Part 1--&gt;
| P81007 = 39399/ 89.0/ 0.5/ 0.3/ 10.1/&lt;!--Middelburg Part 2--&gt;
| P81101 = 2425/ 39.7/ 3.5/ 1.1/ 55.7/&lt;!--Belfast--&gt;
| P81102 = 600/ 48.8/ 0.5/ 1.0/ 49.7/&lt;!--Dullstroom--&gt;
| P81103 = 3785/ 99.4/ 0.4/ 0.2//&lt;!--eMgwenya--&gt;
| P81104 = 4112/ 98.7/ 1.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Emthonjeni--&gt;
| P81105 = 18291/ 93.2/ 1.1/ 0.1/ 5.5/&lt;!--Highlands--&gt;
| P81106 = 1465/ 56.4/ 1.0/ 1.8/ 40.8/&lt;!--Machadodorp--&gt;
| P81107 = 2920/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Sakhelwe--&gt;
| P81108 = 7485/ 99.4/ 0.2// 0.3/&lt;!--Siyathuthuka--&gt;
| P81109 = 1908/ 55.1/ 3.6/ 0.8/ 40.5/&lt;!--Waterval Boven--&gt;
| P81201 = 1509/ 98.8/ 0.2// 1.0/&lt;!--Ekangala--&gt;
| P81202 = 71756/ 99.8/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--KwaMhlanga Part 1--&gt;
| P81203 = 99/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mabusa National Park--&gt;
| P81204 = 107560/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mkobola--&gt;
| P81205 = 1788/ 100.0////&lt;!--Moutse 3--&gt;
| P81206 = 610/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sokhulumi--&gt;
| P81207 = 6704/ 97.1/// 2.9/&lt;!--Thembisile--&gt;
| P81208 = 4459/ 100.0////&lt;!--Thokoza--&gt;
| P81209 = 45/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tweefontein--&gt;
| P81210 = 20722/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Tweefontein North--&gt;
| P81211 = 24407/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Tweefontein South--&gt;
| P81212 = 10399/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Vezubuhle--&gt;
| P81213 = 548/ 98.4/ 1.6///&lt;!--Vlakfontein--&gt;
| P81214 = 2161/ 100.0////&lt;!--Wolvenkop--&gt;
| P81215 = 6085/ 99.6/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--KwaMhlanga Part 2--&gt;
| P81301 = 185/ 98.4/// 1.6/&lt;!--Dr JS Moroka--&gt;
| P81302 = 1639/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kameelpoort--&gt;
| P81303 = 6098/ 99.6/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Mbibana--&gt;
| P81304 = 84756/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mdutjana--&gt;
| P81305 = 112330/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Moretele--&gt;
| P81306 = 0/////&lt;!--Moutse 2--&gt;
| P81307 = 26273/ 99.7/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Siyabuswa--&gt;
| P81308 = 207/ 88.4// 4.3/ 7.2/&lt;!--Toitskraal--&gt;
| P81309 = 11818/ 100.0////&lt;!--Vaalbank--&gt;
| P81401 = 2326/ 56.8/ 13.8/ 0.6/ 28.7/&lt;!--Graskop--&gt;
| P81402 = 6858/ 25.3/ 1.0/ 3.7/ 70.0/&lt;!--Lydenburg--&gt;
| P81403 = 16185/ 96.6/ 3.2/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Mashishing--&gt;
| P81404 = 16251/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Pilgrim's Rest--&gt;
| P81405 = 5674/ 56.2/ 9.2/ 0.3/ 34.3/&lt;!--Sabie--&gt;
| P81406 = 6265/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Simile--&gt;
| P81407 = 27679/ 92.4/ 0.4// 7.1/&lt;!--Thaba Chweu--&gt;
| P81501 = 265/ 100.0////&lt;!--Broedershoek--&gt;
| P81502 = 34388/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Gutshwa--&gt;
| P81503 = 1287/ 42.9/ 1.2/ 3.0/ 52.9/&lt;!--Hazyview--&gt;
| P81504 = 12949/ 98.7/ 1.1// 0.1/&lt;!--KaBokweni--&gt;
| P81505 = 36020/ 99.4/ 0.5///&lt;!--Kanyamazane--&gt;
| P81506 = 1890/ 96.5/ 2.9// 0.6/&lt;!--Khamagugu--&gt;
| P81507 = 815/ 97.8/ 1.8// 0.4/&lt;!--Lomshiyo--&gt;
| P81508 = 54172/ 99.2/ 0.7///&lt;!--Masoyi--&gt;
| P81509 = 3723/ 94.3/ 0.5// 5.2/&lt;!--Mataffin--&gt;
| P81510 = 37792/ 99.7/ 0.2/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Matsulu--&gt;
| P81511 = 44904/ 85.1/ 0.6/ 0.2/ 14.1/&lt;!--Mbombela--&gt;
| P81512 = 57213/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Mbuyane--&gt;
| P81513 = 2753/ 97.1/ 2.9///&lt;!--Mdluli--&gt;
| P81514 = 24066/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mpakeni--&gt;
| P81515 = 82509/ 99.5/ 0.4///&lt;!--Msogwaba--&gt;
| P81516 = 721/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nakambeni--&gt;
| P81517 = 21540/ 23.6/ 6.8/ 5.5/ 64.1/&lt;!--Nelspruit--&gt;
| P81518 = 367/ 96.7/ 0.8/ 2.5//&lt;!--Ngodini--&gt;
| P81519 = 759/ 28.5// 0.4/ 71.1/&lt;!--Ngodwana--&gt;
| P81520 = 46746/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Nkambeni--&gt;
| P81521 = 1411/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nsikazi Part 1--&gt;
| P81522 = 150/ 64.0/ 8.0/ 6.0/ 22.0/&lt;!--Rocky Drift--&gt;
| P81523 = 57//// 100.0/&lt;!--Wendywood--&gt;
| P81524 = 8211/ 23.7/ 5.4/ 2.2/ 68.7/&lt;!--Witrivier--&gt;
| P81525 = 118/ 94.9/ 5.1///&lt;!--Nsikazi Part 2--&gt;
| P81601 = 9078/ 49.9/ 8.1/ 5.7/ 36.4/&lt;!--Barberton--&gt;
| P81602 = 1340/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Bonanza Gold Mine--&gt;
| P81603 = 23839/ 99.6/ 0.4// 0.1/&lt;!--eMjindini--&gt;
| P81604 = 199/ 33.2/// 66.8/&lt;!--Fairview Mine--&gt;
| P81605 = 449/ 66.1/// 33.9/&lt;!--Sheba Mine--&gt;
| P81606 = 17721/ 93.5/ 0.1// 6.3/&lt;!--Umjindi--&gt;
| P81607 = 1124/ 100.0////&lt;!--Verulum--&gt;
| P81701 = 108/ 97.2/ 2.8///&lt;!--Albertsnek--&gt;
| P81702 = 1814/ 100.0////&lt;!--Baberton--&gt;
| P81703 = 309/ 24.3// 1.9/ 73.8/&lt;!--Hectorspruit--&gt;
| P81704 = 10777/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hoyi--&gt;
| P81705 = 748/ 99.2/ 0.8///&lt;!--Inyoni--&gt;
| P81706 = 2078/ 99.1/ 0.7// 0.1/&lt;!--Kamhlushwa--&gt;
| P81707 = 1443/ 29.5/ 3.3/ 1.7/ 65.5/&lt;!--Komatiepoort--&gt;
| P81708 = 29816/ 99.5/ 0.4///&lt;!--Lugedlane--&gt;
| P81709 = 2241/ 38.7/ 0.7/ 2.7/ 58.0/&lt;!--Malelane--&gt;
| P81710 = 469/ 38.4/ 0.6// 61.0/&lt;!--Marloth Park--&gt;
| P81711 = 105277/ 99.7/ 0.2/ 0.1//&lt;!--Matsamo Part 1--&gt;
| P81712 = 21038/ 99.7/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Mawewe--&gt;
| P81713 = 17376/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Mhlaba--&gt;
| P81714 = 29372/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mlambo--&gt;
| P81715 = 35837/ 96.5/ 0.1// 3.4/&lt;!--Nkomazi--&gt;
| P81716 = 71719/ 99.7/ 0.2/ 0.1//&lt;!--Siboshwa--&gt;
| P81717 = 343/ 95.6/// 4.4/&lt;!--Strathmore Mine--&gt;
| P81718 = 3659/ 99.0/ 0.5/ 0.4/ 0.1/&lt;!--Matsamo Part 2--&gt;
| P88201 = 33443/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Ekangala--&gt;
| P88202 = 18/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kungwini Part 1--&gt;
| P88301 = 14686/ 95.4/ 0.4/ 0.1/ 4.1/&lt;!--Greater Marble Hall--&gt;
| P88302 = 2780/ 33.8/ 0.8/ 1.3/ 64.1/&lt;!--Marble Hall--&gt;
| P88303 = 36941/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Moutse 1--&gt;
| P88304 = 39/ 92.3/// 7.7/&lt;!--Rahlangane Part 2--&gt;
| P88401 = 11646/ 95.7/ 0.2/ 0.2/ 3.9/&lt;!--Greater Groblersdal Part 2--&gt;
| P88402 = 2480/ 31.6/ 0.6/ 2.7/ 65.1/&lt;!--Groblersdal--&gt;
| P88403 = 17576/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Mathula--&gt;
| P88404 = 767/ 100.0////&lt;!--Motetema Part 2--&gt;
| P88405 = 97618/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Moutse 3 Part 2--&gt;
| P88501 = 10653/ 98.9/// 1.1/&lt;!--Badimong--&gt;
| P88502 = 1578/ 61.7/ 7.0/ 9.2/ 22.1/&lt;!--Burgersfort--&gt;
| P88503 = 406/ 100.0////&lt;!--Doornbosch Mine--&gt;
| P88504 = 6855/ 90.8/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 9.0/&lt;!--Greater Tubatse--&gt;
| P88505 = 87/ 48.3/// 51.7/&lt;!--Lavino Chrome Mine--&gt;
| P88506 = 30/ 70.0/// 30.0/&lt;!--Magnetite Mine--&gt;
| P88507 = 1048/ 100.0////&lt;!--Monganeng--&gt;
| P88508 = 225/ 68.0/// 32.0/&lt;!--Montrose Mine--&gt;
| P88509 = 202/ 56.9/// 43.1/&lt;!--Ohrigstad--&gt;
| P88510 = 13931/ 98.7/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 0.9/&lt;!--Soe--&gt;
| P88511 = 1101/ 53.7// 0.3/ 46.0/&lt;!--Steelpoort--&gt;
| P88512 = 1076/ 84.4/// 15.6/&lt;!--Winterveld Mine--&gt;
| P88601 = 641/ 89.2/ 0.5// 10.3/&lt;!--Bushbuckridge Part 2--&gt;
| P89101 = 0/////&lt;!--Schuinsdraai Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P89201 = 0/////&lt;!--Mdala Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P89301 = 0/////&lt;!--Barberton Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P89302 = 36/ 100.0////&lt;!--DMA Lowveld--&gt;
| P89303 = 6/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matsamo--&gt;
| P89304 = 409/ 100.0////&lt;!--Pilgrim's Rest--&gt;
| P89305 = 48/ 93.8/// 6.3/&lt;!--State Land--&gt;
| P89601 = 880/ 95.9/// 4.1/&lt;!--Kruger National Park Part 2--&gt;
| P89602 = 781/ 68.0/ 0.4// 31.6/&lt;!--Sabie Sand Game Reserve--&gt;
| P89603 = 192/ 48.4// 3.1/ 48.4/&lt;!--Skukuza--&gt;
| P89604 = 51/ 76.5/// 23.5/&lt;!--Timbavati Nature Reserve Part 2--&gt;
| P90101 = 99343/ 100.0////&lt;!--Giyani Part 1--&gt;
| P90102 = 23402/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Hlaneki--&gt;
| P90103 = 3861/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Mabunda--&gt;
| P90104 = 3615/ 100.0////&lt;!--Makhuva--&gt;
| P90105 = 4373/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Modjadji--&gt;
| P90106 = 8279/ 100.0////&lt;!--Msengi--&gt;
| P90107 = 10751/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Ndengeza--&gt;
| P90108 = 7052/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Nkuri--&gt;
| P90109 = 4029/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Nxomo--&gt;
| P90110 = 39610/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Shiviti--&gt;
| P90111 = 32673/ 98.7/ 0.1/ 0.2/ 0.9/&lt;!--Giyani Part 2--&gt;
| P90112 = 415/ 100.0////&lt;!--Giyani Part 3--&gt;
| P90201 = 1347/ 29.2/ 0.2/ 2.0/ 68.6/&lt;!--Duiwelskloof--&gt;
| P90202 = 18657/ 93.0// 0.1/ 6.9/&lt;!--Greater Letaba--&gt;
| P90203 = 39507/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mamaila--&gt;
| P90204 = 126504/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Modjadji--&gt;
| P90205 = 5999/ 100.0////&lt;!--Pheeha--&gt;
| P90206 = 18517/ 100.0////&lt;!--Sekgopo--&gt;
| P90207 = 9595/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Vuyani--&gt;
| P90301 = 12651/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Bakgaga Ba Maake--&gt;
| P90302 = 14923/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Bakgage--&gt;
| P90303 = 151014/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Bankuna--&gt;
| P90304 = 17883/ 100.0////&lt;!--Batlhabine Ba Magoboya--&gt;
| P90305 = 983/ 73.7/ 4.9/ 0.9/ 20.5/&lt;!--Dwarsfontein--&gt;
| P90306 = 40856/ 92.0/ 0.8/ 0.1/ 7.1/&lt;!--Greater Tzaneen--&gt;
| P90307 = 481/ 54.7/ 0.6// 44.7/&lt;!--Haenertsburg--&gt;
| P90308 = 310/ 21.3/// 78.7/&lt;!--Letsitele--&gt;
| P90309 = 84386/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Modjadji--&gt;
| P90310 = 36344/ 99.9////&lt;!--Nwa' Mitwa--&gt;
| P90311 = 8783/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nyavana--&gt;
| P90312 = 6959/ 35.2/ 0.7/ 3.0/ 61.1/&lt;!--Tzaneen--&gt;
| P90401 = 46920/ 99.6/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Ba Phalaborwa Ba Nakome--&gt;
| P90402 = 8459/ 94.8/ 0.1// 5.0/&lt;!--Ba-Phalaborwa--&gt;
| P90403 = 12039/ 99.6/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Bashai-Ditlou--&gt;
| P90404 = 45/ 73.3/// 26.7/&lt;!--Die Eiland--&gt;
| P90405 = 412/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ga-Mashishimale--&gt;
| P90406 = 321/ 66.4/// 33.6/&lt;!--Gravelotte--&gt;
| P90407 = 422/ 99.3/// 0.7/&lt;!--Gravelotte Township--&gt;
| P90408 = 30/ 80.0// 20.0//&lt;!--Letaba Ranch--&gt;
| P90409 = 43523/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Majeje--&gt;
| P90410 = 1419/ 68.9/ 0.2// 30.9/&lt;!--Murchison--&gt;
| P90411 = 12938/ 24.8/ 1.2/ 0.4/ 73.6/&lt;!--Phalaborwa Part 1--&gt;
| P90412 = 4573/ 100.0////&lt;!--Phalaborwa Part 2--&gt;
| P90501 = 10556/ 82.6/ 0.9/ 0.1/ 16.5/&lt;!--Messina--&gt;
| P90502 = 17517/ 96.3/// 3.7/&lt;!--Musina--&gt;
| P90503 = 2788/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mutali--&gt;
| P90504 = 8442/ 99.2/ 0.4// 0.4/&lt;!--Nancefield--&gt;
| P90601 = 5948/ 99.6/// 0.4/&lt;!--Makuya--&gt;
| P90602 = 3902/ 99.2/ 0.4// 0.4/&lt;!--Manenzhe--&gt;
| P90603 = 2229/ 99.6/ 0.1// 0.3/&lt;!--Moletele--&gt;
| P90604 = 449/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mphaphuli--&gt;
| P90605 = 27610/ 99.9////&lt;!--Rambada--&gt;
| P90606 = 24812/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Thengwe--&gt;
| P90607 = 512/ 24.0/// 76.0/&lt;!--Tshikondeni Mine--&gt;
| P90608 = 13471/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tshikundamalema--&gt;
| P90701 = 6148/ 100.0////&lt;!--Dzwerani--&gt;
| P90702 = 6102/ 100.0////&lt;!--Gijana--&gt;
| P90703 = 4181/ 100.0////&lt;!--Khakhu--&gt;
| P90704 = 20146/ 99.8// 0.1/ 0.2/&lt;!--Madonsi--&gt;
| P90705 = 2199/ 100.0////&lt;!--Makuleke--&gt;
| P90706 = 42474/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Mavambe--&gt;
| P90707 = 21087/ 99.9////&lt;!--Mhinga--&gt;
| P90708 = 3759/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mphambo--&gt;
| P90709 = 107050/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mphaphuli--&gt;
| P90710 = 7097/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mtititi--&gt;
| P90711 = 14030/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mudabula--&gt;
| P90712 = 10789/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Mukhomi--&gt;
| P90713 = 7314/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mulamula--&gt;
| P90714 = 9513/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mulenzhe--&gt;
| P90715 = 14729/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ntlhaveni--&gt;
| P90716 = 10292/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Shigalo--&gt;
| P90717 = 1401/ 100.0////&lt;!--Shigamane--&gt;
| P90718 = 21150/ 99.9////&lt;!--Shikundu--&gt;
| P90719 = 32730/ 94.7/ 0.2/ 4.4/ 0.7/&lt;!--Thohoyandou--&gt;
| P90720 = 7725/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Tshikonelo--&gt;
| P90721 = 226622/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Tshivhase--&gt;
| P90722 = 7992/ 100.0////&lt;!--Vuwani--&gt;
| P90801 = 18192/ 99.8/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bungeni--&gt;
| P90802 = 6361/ 100.0////&lt;!--Davhana--&gt;
| P90803 = 75746/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Dzanani--&gt;
| P90804 = 3580/ 100.0////&lt;!--Funyufunyu--&gt;
| P90805 = 11156/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Hlanganani--&gt;
| P90806 = 14337/ 100.0////&lt;!--Khomanani--&gt;
| P90807 = 24688/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Kutama--&gt;
| P90808 = 11014/ 37.7/ 0.8/ 10.0/ 51.5/&lt;!--Louis Trichardt--&gt;
| P90809 = 806/ 99.3/ 0.7///&lt;!--Madombidzha--&gt;
| P90810 = 13051/ 100.0////&lt;!--Madzivhandila--&gt;
| P90811 = 5652/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Maelula--&gt;
| P90812 = 1875/ 100.0////&lt;!--Magadani--&gt;
| P90813 = 25319/ 83.0/ 3.1/ 0.2/ 13.7/&lt;!--Makhado--&gt;
| P90814 = 1207/ 100.0////&lt;!--Makushu--&gt;
| P90815 = 7033/ 100.0////&lt;!--Masakona--&gt;
| P90816 = 13898/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.2/&lt;!--Mashamba--&gt;
| P90817 = 24794/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mashau--&gt;
| P90818 = 8689/ 99.3/// 0.7/&lt;!--Masia--&gt;
| P90819 = 16210/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mkhensani--&gt;
| P90820 = 3055/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Mudimeli--&gt;
| P90821 = 5006/ 99.2/ 0.2/ 0.2/ 0.5/&lt;!--Muila--&gt;
| P90822 = 20007/ 99.8/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Mukhari--&gt;
| P90823 = 3307/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mulambilu--&gt;
| P90824 = 17245/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mulima--&gt;
| P90825 = 1427/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndouvhada--&gt;
| P90826 = 12235/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Nesengani--&gt;
| P90827 = 15665/ 99.7/ 0.1/ 0.2//&lt;!--Nthabalala--&gt;
| P90828 = 8701/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Rabali--&gt;
| P90829 = 5924/ 99.9/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Ramalamula--&gt;
| P90830 = 3071/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ribungwani--&gt;
| P90831 = 7043/ 100.0////&lt;!--Rungulani--&gt;
| P90832 = 47472/ 98.0/ 0.1// 1.8/&lt;!--Sinthumule--&gt;
| P90833 = 7512/ 100.0////&lt;!--Soutpansberg--&gt;
| P90834 = 11620/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Tiyani--&gt;
| P90835 = 4099/ 95.2/ 2.0/ 0.1/ 2.6/&lt;!--Tshikota--&gt;
| P90836 = 17538/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tshimbupfe--&gt;
| P90837 = 2770/ 99.5// 0.1/ 0.4/&lt;!--Tshiovhe--&gt;
| P90838 = 19770/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Vuwani--&gt;
| P90901 = 385/ 88.3/ 0.8// 10.9/&lt;!--Alldays--&gt;
| P90902 = 19068/ 99.9////&lt;!--Bahanawa--&gt;
| P90903 = 7763/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Bahanawa-Ba-Kibi--&gt;
| P90904 = 5539/ 91.6/ 0.1// 8.3/&lt;!--Blouberg--&gt;
| P90905 = 15911/ 99.7/ 0.2///&lt;!--Bochum Part 2--&gt;
| P90906 = 17347/ 99.9////&lt;!--Dichoeng--&gt;
| P90907 = 72175/ 99.9////&lt;!--Manthata--&gt;
| P90908 = 8697/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Matlala--&gt;
| P90909 = 3818/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Pietersburg--&gt;
| P90910 = 1047/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ramutla--&gt;
| P90911 = 1058/ 100.0////&lt;!--Seshego--&gt;
| P90912 = 8501/ 99.4/ 0.1/ 0.5//&lt;!--Bochum Part 1--&gt;
| P91001 = 1743/ 99.7// 0.3//&lt;!--Aganang--&gt;
| P91002 = 10606/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Maraba--&gt;
| P91003 = 31735/ 99.9////&lt;!--Matlala--&gt;
| P91004 = 54826/ 99.9////&lt;!--Moletji--&gt;
| P91005 = 48748/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Seshego--&gt;
| P91101 = 1217/ 99.8// 0.2//&lt;!--Backer--&gt;
| P91102 = 4142/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bochum--&gt;
| P91103 = 1885/ 87.5/// 12.5/&lt;!--Dendron--&gt;
| P91104 = 15806/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ga-Ramokgopha--&gt;
| P91105 = 22121/ 99.9// 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Manthata--&gt;
| P91106 = 10463/ 86.8/ 0.1/ 0.5/ 12.6/&lt;!--Molemole--&gt;
| P91107 = 4989/ 100.0////&lt;!--Moletji--&gt;
| P91108 = 46749/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Sekgosese--&gt;
| P91109 = 1852/ 99.8/// 0.2/&lt;!--Sekhokho--&gt;
| P91110 = 217/ 55.3// 4.1/ 40.6/&lt;!--Soekmekaar--&gt;
| P91201 = 38474/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Bjatladibja Dikolobe--&gt;
| P91202 = 39966/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Dikgale--&gt;
| P91203 = 13351/ 99.8/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Ditlou Machidi--&gt;
| P91204 = 1667/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Ga-Mashashane--&gt;
| P91205 = 10795/ 100.0////&lt;!--Maja--&gt;
| P91206 = 906/ 100.0////&lt;!--Makgoba--&gt;
| P91207 = 37996/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mankoeng--&gt;
| P91208 = 11592/ 99.4/ 0.3/ 0.2/ 0.2/&lt;!--Mankweng--&gt;
| P91209 = 0/////&lt;!--Mixed TA--&gt;
| P91210 = 2336/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mojapelo--&gt;
| P91211 = 32707/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Molepo--&gt;
| P91212 = 103082/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Moletji--&gt;
| P91213 = 1019/ 100.0////&lt;!--Moloto Solomon Kgabo--&gt;
| P91214 = 15275/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mothiba--&gt;
| P91215 = 62089/ 50.0/ 5.4/ 4.7/ 39.9/&lt;!--Pietersburg Part 1--&gt;
| P91216 = 20352/ 67.3/ 1.2/ 0.4/ 31.1/&lt;!--Polokwane--&gt;
| P91217 = 71290/ 99.6/ 0.3// 0.1/&lt;!--Seshego Part 1--&gt;
| P91218 = 5799/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Thabamoopo--&gt;
| P91219 = 31694/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Tholongwe--&gt;
| P91220 = 3189/ 99.3/ 0.4// 0.3/&lt;!--Turfloop--&gt;
| P91222 = 4132/ 99.6/ 0.2// 0.2/&lt;!--Pietersburg Part 2--&gt;
| P91223 = 548/ 100.0////&lt;!--Seshego Part 2--&gt;
| P91301 = 71646/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bakgaga Ba Mphahlele--&gt;
| P91302 = 6457/ 100.0////&lt;!--Batau Ba Seloane--&gt;
| P91303 = 5334/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ditlou Ntshong--&gt;
| P91304 = 26190/ 99.8// 0.1//&lt;!--Lebowakgomo--&gt;
| P91305 = 1402/ 89.7/// 10.3/&lt;!--Lepele-Nkumpi--&gt;
| P91306 = 11312/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mafefe--&gt;
| P91307 = 444/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mathabatha--&gt;
| P91308 = 1573/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mokerong--&gt;
| P91309 = 1878/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndlovu--&gt;
| P91310 = 6438/ 100.0////&lt;!--Thabamoopo--&gt;
| P91311 = 95107/ 99.9/ 0.1/ 0.1//&lt;!--Zebediela Part 1--&gt;
| P91312 = 179/ 93.3/// 6.7/&lt;!--Zebediela Part 2--&gt;
| P91401 = 2076/ 100.0////&lt;!--Amandelbult--&gt;
| P91402 = 940/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ipeleng--&gt;
| P91403 = 2138/ 29.8/ 2.8// 67.4/&lt;!--Middeldrift--&gt;
| P91404 = 283/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mmebane--&gt;
| P91405 = 6180/ 83.1/ 0.1/ 0.3/ 16.5/&lt;!--Northam--&gt;
| P91406 = 7609/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Regorogile--&gt;
| P91407 = 250/ 40.8/// 59.2/&lt;!--Rooiberg Tin Mine--&gt;
| P91408 = 153/ 64.7/// 35.3/&lt;!--Rooikrans--&gt;
| P91409 = 12875/ 100.0////&lt;!--Smersha Block--&gt;
| P91410 = 2912/ 44.1/ 1.0/ 0.3/ 54.6/&lt;!--Swartklip--&gt;
| P91411 = 103/ 23.3/// 76.7/&lt;!--Swartkop--&gt;
| P91412 = 23968/ 81.6/ 0.4// 17.9/&lt;!--Thabazimbi Part 1--&gt;
| P91413 = 4423/ 47.0/ 0.9// 52.0/&lt;!--Thabazimbi Part 2--&gt;
| P91501 = 13603/ 99.9////&lt;!--Bakenberg--&gt;
| P91502 = 1572/ 56.5/ 1.7/ 0.4/ 41.3/&lt;!--Ellisras--&gt;
| P91503 = 0/////&lt;!--Kwarriehoek--&gt;
| P91504 = 31392/ 87.7/ 0.3// 12.1/&lt;!--Lephalale--&gt;
| P91505 = 5636/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Marapong--&gt;
| P91506 = 7862/ 43.7/ 0.6/ 0.1/ 55.7/&lt;!--Onverwacht--&gt;
| P91507 = 69/ 95.7/// 4.3/&lt;!--Potgietersrus--&gt;
| P91508 = 21868/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Seleka--&gt;
| P91509 = 13172/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Shongoane--&gt;
| P91510 = 939/ 99.4/ 0.3/ 0.3//&lt;!--St Catherina--&gt;
| P91601 = 7685/ 99.7/ 0.2// 0.1/&lt;!--Mookgophong--&gt;
| P91602 = 19280/ 89.4/ 0.4// 10.2/&lt;!--Mookgopong--&gt;
| P91603 = 3626/ 14.8/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 84.8/&lt;!--Naboomspruit--&gt;
| P91604 = 159/ 60.4/ 5.7// 34.0/&lt;!--Roedtan--&gt;
| P91701 = 30642/ 90.1/ 0.3// 9.6/&lt;!--Modimolle--&gt;
| P91702 = 8727/ 23.1/ 0.3/ 1.2/ 75.3/&lt;!--Nylstroom--&gt;
| P91703 = 25078/ 99.6/ 0.3///&lt;!--Phagameng--&gt;
| P91704 = 8337/ 96.4/// 3.6/&lt;!--Vaalwater--&gt;
| P91801 = 27996/ 96.1/ 0.7/ 0.1/ 3.2/&lt;!--Belabela--&gt;
| P91802 = 19969/ 87.6/ 0.5/ 0.2/ 11.7/&lt;!--Bela-Bela--&gt;
| P91803 = 4150/ 20.3/ 8.3/ 5.0/ 66.4/&lt;!--Warmbaths--&gt;
| P91901 = 3328/ 100.0////&lt;!--Babirwa--&gt;
| P91902 = 101580/ 99.9////&lt;!--Bakenberg--&gt;
| P91903 = 27375/ 99.9////&lt;!--Bakoni Manetji--&gt;
| P91904 = 44026/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ba-Mokopane--&gt;
| P91905 = 8190/ 100.0////&lt;!--Batlokwa--&gt;
| P91906 = 20394/ 99.9////&lt;!--Lekalakala Part 1--&gt;
| P91907 = 32819/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Mahwelereng--&gt;
| P91908 = 535/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matlala--&gt;
| P91909 = 3265/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matlala Dichoeneng--&gt;
| P91910 = 18464/ 86.7/ 0.3/ 0.1/ 12.9/&lt;!--Mogalakwena--&gt;
| P91911 = 45/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mokerong--&gt;
| P91912 = 1202/ 100.0////&lt;!--Nkiditlana--&gt;
| P91913 = 19391/ 46.8/ 0.4/ 4.3/ 48.5/&lt;!--Potgietersrus--&gt;
| P91914 = 2579/ 100.0////&lt;!--Rebone--&gt;
| P91915 = 12113/ 99.4/ 0.3// 0.3/&lt;!--Sekgakgapeng--&gt;
| P91916 = 1838/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tsebishi--&gt;
| P91917 = 1305/ 100.0////&lt;!--Lekalakala Part 2--&gt;
| P92001 = 16807/ 99.8// 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Kwena Madihlaba--&gt;
| P92002 = 5261/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kwena Mashabela--&gt;
| P92003 = 6257/ 99.8/ 0.1// 0.1/&lt;!--Mampane--&gt;
| P92004 = 33403/ 100.0////&lt;!--Masemola--&gt;
| P92005 = 1481/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matlala--&gt;
| P92006 = 17208/ 99.9////&lt;!--Morwangwato--&gt;
| P92007 = 894/ 100.0////&lt;!--Ndebele--&gt;
| P92008 = 44324/ 99.9////&lt;!--Pedi Mamone--&gt;
| P92009 = 41630/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Phokwane--&gt;
| P92010 = 8853/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Roka Phasha Phokoane--&gt;
| P92011 = 82018/ 100.0////&lt;!--SMN--&gt;
| P92012 = 3777/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.2//&lt;!--Tisane--&gt;
| P92013 = 979/ 99.4/ 0.6///&lt;!--Vergelegen--&gt;
| P92101 = 395/ 100.0////&lt;!--Atok Mine--&gt;
| P92102 = 37600/ 98.2/// 1.8/&lt;!--Baroka-Ba-Nkoana--&gt;
| P92103 = 645/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mampa--&gt;
| P92104 = 1118/ 100.0////&lt;!--Masha Makopele--&gt;
| P92105 = 24/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mashabela--&gt;
| P92106 = 1259/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matholeng--&gt;
| P92107 = 2463/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Phaahla--&gt;
| P92108 = 32533/ 99.9////&lt;!--Sekhukhuneland--&gt;
| P92109 = 2150/ 99.9// 0.1//&lt;!--Seroka--&gt;
| P92110 = 13902/ 100.0////&lt;!--Tau-Nchabeleng--&gt;
| P92201 = 6752/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Banereng Ba Letsoalo--&gt;
| P92202 = 35268/ 99.9////&lt;!--Banereng Ba Sekororo--&gt;
| P92203 = 2052/ 27.7/ 0.4/ 0.7/ 71.2/&lt;!--Hoedspruit--&gt;
| P92204 = 2483/ 99.3/// 0.7/&lt;!--Letaba--&gt;
| P92205 = 26702/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mametja--&gt;
| P92206 = 12929/ 88.4/// 11.5/&lt;!--Maruleng--&gt;
| P92207 = 8188/ 100.0////&lt;!--Naphuno--&gt;
| P98301 = 5590/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Elandskraal--&gt;
| P98302 = 35108/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matlala--&gt;
| P98303 = 0/////&lt;!--Mokerong--&gt;
| P98304 = 1185/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Nebo--&gt;
| P98305 = 1405/ 99.4/ 0.4// 0.2/&lt;!--Potgietersrus--&gt;
| P98306 = 18695/ 99.8/ 0.2///&lt;!--Rahlangane Part 1--&gt;
| P98307 = 4877/ 100.0////&lt;!--Van der Merwe's Kraal--&gt;
| P98401 = 682/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bakwena--&gt;
| P98402 = 756/ 100.0////&lt;!--Barokgoga Bakopa--&gt;
| P98403 = 2556/ 99.5/ 0.1// 0.4/&lt;!--Greater Groblersdal Part 1--&gt;
| P98404 = 1179/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matsepe--&gt;
| P98405 = 3739/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Motetema Part 1--&gt;
| P98406 = 935/ 100.0////&lt;!--Moutse 3 Part 1--&gt;
| P98407 = 48914/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Ndebele--&gt;
| P98408 = 31888/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Nebo--&gt;
| P98501 = 354/ 100.0////&lt;!--Babina Naare Ba Kgoete--&gt;
| P98502 = 0/////&lt;!--Marota--&gt;
| P98503 = 24/ 100.0////&lt;!--Matlala a Dinkwanyane--&gt;
| P98504 = 467/ 100.0////&lt;!--Motodi--&gt;
| P98505 = 0/////&lt;!--Naphuno--&gt;
| P98506 = 1257/ 98.6/ 1.0// 0.5/&lt;!--Penge--&gt;
| P98507 = 87790/ 99.9////&lt;!--SD--&gt;
| P98508 = 939/ 99.7/ 0.3///&lt;!--Sealane--&gt;
| P98509 = 142126/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Sekhukhuneland--&gt;
| P98601 = 106877/ 99.9////&lt;!--Amashangana--&gt;
| P98602 = 1726/ 100.0////&lt;!--Bushbuckridge Part 1--&gt;
| P98603 = 1927/ 99.1/ 0.8/ 0.2//&lt;!--College View--&gt;
| P98604 = 39617/ 99.6/ 0.2// 0.2/&lt;!--Hoxane--&gt;
| P98605 = 14341/ 99.6/ 0.4///&lt;!--Hoxani--&gt;
| P98606 = 50128/ 100.0////&lt;!--Jongilanga--&gt;
| P98607 = 11637/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Malele--&gt;
| P98608 = 114/ 65.8/// 34.2/&lt;!--Manyeleti--&gt;
| P98609 = 12/ 100.0////&lt;!--Mapulaneng--&gt;
| P98610 = 57416/ 99.4/ 0.5///&lt;!--Mathibela--&gt;
| P98611 = 66659/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Mnisi--&gt;
| P98612 = 22527/ 99.8/ 0.1/ 0.1/ 0.1/&lt;!--Moletele--&gt;
| P98613 = 28322/ 99.9/// 0.1/&lt;!--Moreipuso--&gt;
| P98614 = 134/ 34.3/ 2.2// 63.4/&lt;!--Sabiesand Game Reserve--&gt;
| P98615 = 44000/ 99.9/ 0.1///&lt;!--Setlhare--&gt;
| P98616 = 53624/ 99.3/ 0.6// 0.1/&lt;!--Thabakgolo--&gt;
| P99601 = 323/ 88.9/// 11.1/&lt;!--Klaserie Nature Reserve--&gt;
| P99602 = 869/ 86.2/// 13.8/&lt;!--Kruger National Park Part 1--&gt;
| P99603 = 78/ 100.0////&lt;!--Kruger Park--&gt;
| P99604 = 334/ 82.0/// 18.0/&lt;!--Timbavati Nature Reserve Part 1--&gt;
| P99605 = 149/ 94.0/// 6.0/&lt;!--Umbabati--&gt;
&lt;!--			MUNICIPALITY / DISTRICT / PROVINCE / AREA IN KM2			--&gt;
| M10101 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 0.59 / Doringbaai/
| M10102 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 0.31 / Ebenhaesar/
| M10103 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 2.86 / Klawer/
| M10104 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 0.14 / Koekenaap/
| M10105 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 2.04 / Lutzville/
| M10106 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 4,690.12 / Matzikama/
| M10107 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 0.45 / Strandfontein/
| M10108 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 758.68 / Vanrhynsdorp/
| M10109 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 7.87 / Vredendal/
| M10110 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 74.36 / Vredendal/
| M10111 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 1.72 / Vredendal/
| M10201 = Cederberg / West Coast / WC / 7,313.22 / Cederberg/
| M10202 = Cederberg / West Coast / WC / 2.63 / Citrusdal/
| M10203 = Cederberg / West Coast / WC / 19.99 / Clanwilliam/
| M10204 = Cederberg / West Coast / WC / 4.30 / Elandsbaai/
| M10205 = Cederberg / West Coast / WC / 1.48 / Graaffwater/
| M10206 = Cederberg / West Coast / WC / 5.75 / Lamberts Bay/
| M10301 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 1.16 / Aurora/
| M10302 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 4,226.58 / Bergrivier/
| M10303 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 1.50 / De Hoek/
| M10304 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 1.14 / Dwarskersbos/
| M10305 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 0.53 / Eendekuil/
| M10306 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 2.38 / Goedverwacht/
| M10307 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 9.81 / Piketberg/
| M10308 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 7.95 / Porterville/
| M10309 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 1.71 / Redelinghuys/
| M10310 = Bergrivier / West Coast / WC / 10.59 / Velddrift/
| M10401 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 4.85 / Britannia Bay/
| M10402 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 7.98 / Hopefield/
| M10403 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 2.89 / Jacobsbaai/
| M10404 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 21.65 / Langebaan/
| M10405 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 5.30 / Oudekraalfontein/
| M10406 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 0.80 / Paternoster/
| M10407 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 10.28 / Saldanha/
| M10408 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 1,821.73 / Saldanha Bay/
| M10409 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 19.01 / St Helena Bay/
| M10410 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 2.49 / Swartriet/
| M10411 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 12.19 / Vredenburg/
| M10501 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 3.14 / Abbotsdale/
| M10502 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 1.22 / Chatsworth/
| M10503 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 6.80 / Darling/
| M10504 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 2.57 / Dassen Island/
| M10505 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 0.58 / Greater Chatsworth/
| M10506 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 0.51 / Ilinge Lethu/
| M10507 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 1.25 / Kalbaskraal/
| M10508 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 4.07 / Koringberg/
| M10509 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 12.95 / Malmesbury/
| M10510 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 21.35 / Moorreesburg/
| M10511 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 1.40 / Riebeek-Kasteel/
| M10512 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 2.62 / Riebeek-Wes/
| M10513 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 3,620.43 / Swartland/
| M10514 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 0.89 / The Grotto Bay/
| M10515 = Swartland / West Coast / WC / 10.54 / Yzerfontein/
| M10601 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 2.80 / Bella Vista/
| M10602 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 65.54 / Ceres/
| M10603 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.53 / eNduli/
| M10604 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.29 / Meulstroom/
| M10605 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 1.87 / Op-die-Berg/
| M10606 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 11.13 / Paerde Kraal Bosreservaat/
| M10607 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 2.71 / Prince Alfred Hamlet/
| M10608 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.63 / Steinthal/
| M10609 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 3.52 / Tulbagh/
| M10610 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 2,757.12 / Witzenberg/
| M10611 = Witzenberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 4.83 / Wolseley/
| M10701 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 6.98 / Dal Josafat Forest Reserve/
| M10702 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 1,451.83 / Drakenstein/
| M10703 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.04 / Drommedaris/
| M10704 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 6.55 / Gouda/
| M10705 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 1.81 / Mbekweni/
| M10706 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 32.21 / Paarl/
| M10707 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 19.89 / Paarlberg Nature Reserve/
| M10708 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 1.62 / Saron/
| M10709 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 2.03 / Victor Verster/
| M10710 = Drakenstein / Cape Winelands / WC / 15.69 / Wellington/
| M10801 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 24.59 / Franschhoek/
| M10802 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.61 / Groendal/
| M10803 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 188.04 / Hottentotsholland Nature Reserve/
| M10804 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.65 / Jamestown/
| M10805 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 2.17 / Jonkershoek State Forest/
| M10806 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.70 / Khayamandi/
| M10807 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 1.13 / Klapmuts/
| M10808 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.99 / Kylemore/
| M10809 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.27 / Languedoc/
| M10810 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 10.55 / Mountain Breeze Caravan Park/
| M10811 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.48 / Pniel/
| M10812 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.58 / Robertsvlei/
| M10813 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 2.96 / Simonsberg Forest Reserve/
| M10814 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 30.41 / Stellenbosch/
| M10815 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.58 / Wemmershoek/
| M10816 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 40.88 / Wemmershoek Forest Reserve/
| M10817 = Stellenbosch / Cape Winelands / WC / 506.97 / Stellenbosch/
| M10901 = Breede Valley / Cape Winelands / WC / 96.93 / Brandvlei/
| M10902 = Breede Valley / Cape Winelands / WC / 2,661.00 / Breede Valley/
| M10903 = Breede Valley / Cape Winelands / WC / 4.90 / De Doorns/
| M10904 = Breede Valley / Cape Winelands / WC / 96.70 / Haweqwas State Forest/
| M10905 = Breede Valley / Cape Winelands / WC / 2.34 / Rawsonville/
| M10906 = Breede Valley / Cape Winelands / WC / 61.98 / Riviersonderend State Forest/
| M10907 = Breede Valley / Cape Winelands / WC / 6.39 / Touwsrivier/
| M10908 = Breede Valley / Cape Winelands / WC / 62.82 / Worcester/
| M10909 = Breede Valley / Cape Winelands / WC / 2.19 / Zweletemba/
| M11001 = Langeberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 9.92 / Ashton/
| M11002 = Langeberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 27.16 / Bonnievale/
| M11003 = Langeberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 3,239.69 / Breede River/Winelands/
| M11004 = Langeberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 22.17 / McGregor/
| M11005 = Langeberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 15.76 / Montagu/
| M11006 = Langeberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 0.34 / Nkqubela/
| M11007 = Langeberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 10.82 / Robertson/
| M11008 = Langeberg / Cape Winelands / WC / 8.57 / Waterval Staatbos/
| M11101 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 3.69 / Bosmanskloof/
| M11102 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 3.23 / Botrivier/
| M11103 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 13.01 / Caledon/
| M11104 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 1.18 / Dennehof/
| M11105 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 10.32 / Elgin Forest Reserve/
| M11106 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 40.96 / Genadendal/
| M11107 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 7.21 / Grabouw/
| M11108 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 14.31 / Greyton/
| M11109 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 72.87 / Hottentotsholland Nature Reserve/
| M11110 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 7.26 / Lebanon State Forest/
| M11111 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 1.65 / Middleton/
| M11112 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 43.43 / Nuweberg State Forest/
| M11113 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 2.36 / Riviersonderend/
| M11114 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 87.13 / Riviersonderend State Forest/
| M11115 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 2,930.73 / Theewaterskloof/
| M11116 = Theewaterskloof / Overberg / WC / 2.87 / Villiersdorp/
| M11201 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 12.02 / Betty's Bay/
| M11202 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 10.13 / Danger Point/
| M11203 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 0.74 / Eluxolweni/
| M11204 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 11.77 / Fernkloof Nature Reserve/
| M11205 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 3.06 / Fisherhaven/
| M11206 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 5.18 / Franskraalstrand/
| M11207 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 7.33 / Gansbaai/
| M11208 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 4.54 / Hawston/
| M11209 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 17.56 / Hermanus/
| M11210 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 68.06 / Highlands State Forest/
| M11211 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 0.88 / Kleinbaai/
| M11212 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 12.15 / Kleinmond/
| M11213 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 193.00 / Kogelberg State Forest/
| M11214 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 7.72 / Maanskynkop Nature Reserve/
| M11215 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 4.83 / Masakhane/
| M11216 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 9.49 / Onrusrivier/
| M11217 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 1,654.08 / Overstrand/
| M11218 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 7.78 / Paarde Poort Staatbos/
| M11219 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 2.22 / Perly Beach/
| M11220 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 3.24 / Pringle Bay/
| M11221 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 1.32 / Rooi Els/
| M11222 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 8.05 / Salmonsdam Nature Reserve/
| M11223 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 2.86 / Sandbaai/
| M11224 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 7.18 / Silver Sands/
| M11225 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 2.44 / Stanford/
| M11226 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 0.66 / Van Dyksbaai/
| M11227 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 6.05 / Vogelgat Nature Reserve/
| M11228 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 63.46 / Walkers Bay State Forest/
| M11229 = Overstrand / Overberg / WC / 1.18 / Zwelihle/
| M11301 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 1.84 / Agulhas/
| M11302 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 2.78 / Arniston/
| M11303 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 6.88 / Bredasdorp/
| M11304 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 2,358.81 / Cape Agulhas/
| M11305 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 11.07 / De Mond State Forest/
| M11306 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 0.69 / Elim/
| M11307 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 14.92 / Napier/
| M11308 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 14.11 / Struisbaai/
| M11401 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 2.69 / Barrydale/
| M11402 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 26.66 / Bontebok National Park/
| M11403 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 27.04 / Grootvadersbos State Forest/
| M11404 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 0.33 / Infanta/
| M11405 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 93.38 / Marloth Nature reserve/
| M11406 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 4.32 / Suurbraak/
| M11407 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 22.57 / Swellendam/
| M11408 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 12.30 / Zuurbraak State Forest/
| M11409 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 2,811.82 / Swellendam/
| M11501 = Kannaland / Eden / WC / 24.78 / Bleshoek/
| M11502 = Kannaland / Eden / WC / 2.42 / Calitzdorp/
| M11503 = Kannaland / Eden / WC / 4,525.55 / Kannaland/
| M11504 = Kannaland / Eden / WC / 2.93 / Ladismith/
| M11505 = Kannaland / Eden / WC / 15.26 / Swartberg State Forest/
| M11506 = Kannaland / Eden / WC / 183.07 / Towerkop State Forest/
| M11507 = Kannaland / Eden / WC / 4.97 / Zoar/
| M11601 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 3.98 / Albertinia/
| M11602 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 15.67 / Boesmansbos Wilderness/
| M11603 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 99.56 / Garcia State Forest/
| M11604 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 3.15 / Gouritsmond/
| M11605 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 2.31 / Groot-Jongensfontein/
| M11606 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 4.34 / Grootvadersbos State Forest/
| M11607 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 4.93 / Heidelberg/
| M11608 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 2.39 / KwaNokuthula/
| M11609 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 5,322.88 / Langeberg/
| M11610 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 5.29 / Paardeberg State Forest/
| M11611 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 68.66 / Riversdale/
| M11612 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 7.07 / Slangrivier/
| M11613 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 1.40 / Spioenkop State Forest/
| M11614 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 179.78 / Stilbaai/
| M11615 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 8.26 / Tyger State Forest/
| M11616 = Hessequa / Eden / WC / 1.46 / Witsand/
| M11701 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 2.01 / Bergsig/
| M11702 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 0.51 / Bogomsbaai/
| M11703 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 9.81 / Dana Baai/
| M11704 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 1.89 / Friemersheim/
| M11705 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 1.90 / Glentana/
| M11706 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 1.54 / Gresham/
| M11707 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 8.21 / Groot Brak Rivier/
| M11708 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 6.49 / Hartenbos/
| M11709 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 0.35 / Herbertsdale/
| M11710 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 0.08 / Isazane/
| M11711 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 0.09 / Isinyoka/
| M11712 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 64.87 / Jonkersberg State Forest/
| M11713 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 3.20 / Klein Brak Rivier/
| M11714 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 4.50 / Kwanonqaba/
| M11715 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 27.02 / Mossel Bay/
| M11716 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 1.83 / Outeniqua Strand/
| M11717 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 1.67 / Reebok/
| M11718 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 90.36 / Ruitersbos State Forest/
| M11719 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 1.39 / Southern Cross/
| M11720 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 1.45 / Tergniet/
| M11721 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 13.76 / Vyf Brakke Fonteinen/
| M11722 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 2.30 / Wolwedans/
| M11723 = Mossel Bay / Eden / WC / 1,762.58 / Mossel Bay/
| M11801 = George / Eden / WC / 213.49 / Bergplaas State Parks/
| M11802 = George / Eden / WC / 58.71 / George/
| M11803 = George / Eden / WC / 0.60 / Herolds Bay/
| M11804 = George / Eden / WC / 30.16 / Jonkersberg State Forest/
| M11805 = George / Eden / WC / 60.83 / Langkloof State Forest/
| M11806 = George / Eden / WC / 0.44 / Lawaaikamp/
| M11807 = George / Eden / WC / 12.87 / Pacaltsdorp/
| M11808 = George / Eden / WC / 33.30 / Swartberg State Forest/
| M11809 = George / Eden / WC / 8.13 / Thembalethu/
| M11810 = George / Eden / WC / 2.58 / Wilderness/
| M11811 = George / Eden / WC / 36.61 / Wilderness East/
| M11812 = George / Eden / WC / 11.40 / Wilderness National Park/
| M11813 = George / Eden / WC / 200.84 / Witfontein State Forest/
| M11814 = George / Eden / WC / 398.77 / George/
| M11901 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 2.18 / Bongelethu/
| M11902 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 0.92 / De Hoop/
| M11903 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 17.74 / De Rust/
| M11904 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 3.26 / Dysselsdorp/
| M11905 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 105.02 / Langkloof State Forest/
| M11906 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 29.24 / Oudtshoorn/
| M11907 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 60.42 / Swartberg State Forest/
| M11908 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 2.29 / Volmoed/
| M11909 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 231.71 / Wartberg State Forest/
| M11910 = Oudtshoorn / Eden / WC / 3,083.28 / Oudtshoorn/
| M12001 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 0.62 / Bloukrans State Forest/
| M12002 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 43.61 / Harkerville State Forest/
| M12003 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 6.99 / Keurboomsrivier/
| M12004 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 0.53 / Keurboomstrand/
| M12005 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 39.04 / Klien Palmietrivier State Forest/
| M12006 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 1.98 / Kranshoek/
| M12007 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 1.92 / Kurland Estate/
| M12008 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 2.68 / Kwanokuthula/
| M12009 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 0.94 / Natures Valley/
| M12010 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 0.49 / New Horizons/
| M12011 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 13.69 / Plettenberg Bay/
| M12012 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 1.00 / Wittedrift/
| M12013 = Bitou / Eden / WC / 877.64 / Plettenberg Bay/
| M12101 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 0.26 / Bongani/
| M12102 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 1.98 / Brenton-on-Sea/
| M12103 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 1.12 / Buffelsbaai/
| M12104 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 0.66 / Khayalethu South/
| M12105 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 58.35 / Knysna/
| M12106 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 0.14 / Noetzie/
| M12107 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 0.99 / Old Place/
| M12108 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 0.35 / Rheenendal/
| M12109 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 10.28 / Sedgefield/
| M12110 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 21.94 / Swartvlei/
| M12111 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 0.20 / Xolweni/
| M12112 = Knysna / Eden / WC / 963.09 / Knysna/
| M12201 = Laingsburg / Central Karoo / WC / 2.42 / Laingsburg/
| M12202 = Laingsburg / Central Karoo / WC / 8,777.96 / Laingsburg Municipality/
| M12203 = Laingsburg / Central Karoo / WC / 1.15 / Matjiesfontein/
| M12301 = Prince Albert / Central Karoo / WC / 10.97 / Leeu Gamka/
| M12302 = Prince Albert / Central Karoo / WC / 25.90 / Prince Albert/
| M12303 = Prince Albert / Central Karoo / WC / 8,116.03 / Prince Albert/
| M12401 = Beaufort West / Central Karoo / WC / 34.60 / Beaufort West/
| M12402 = Beaufort West / Central Karoo / WC / 1.48 / Kwa-Mandlenkosi/
| M12403 = Beaufort West / Central Karoo / WC / 0.90 / Merweville/
| M12404 = Beaufort West / Central Karoo / WC / 16,297.01 / Beaufort West/
| M17101 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 119.66 / Atlantis/
| M17102 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 49.18 / Bellville/
| M17103 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 34.05 / Blue Downs/
| M17104 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 24.37 / Brackenfell/
| M17105 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 1.28 / Briza/
| M17106 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 496.70 / Cape Town/
| M17107 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 1,031.48 / City of Cape Town/
| M17108 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 2.29 / Crossroads/
| M17109 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 0.64 / Du Noon/
| M17110 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 29.55 / Durbanville/
| M17111 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 10.55 / Eersterivier/
| M17112 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 8.58 / Elsiesrivier/
| M17113 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 1.17 / Excelsior/
| M17114 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 0.69 / Fisantkraal/
| M17115 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 17.83 / Fish Hoek/
| M17116 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 16.27 / Goodwood/
| M17117 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 4.29 / Gordons Bay/
| M17118 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 6.24 / Guguletu/
| M17119 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 18.67 / Hottentotsholland Nature Reserve/
| M17120 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 31.14 / Houtbaai/
| M17121 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 0.23 / Imizamo Yethu/
| M17122 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 0.28 / Joe Slovo Park/
| M17123 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 43.51 / Khayelitsha/
| M17124 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 19.58 / Kraaifontein/
| M17125 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 20.05 / Kuilsriver/
| M17126 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 2.87 / Langa/
| M17127 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 0.21 / Lekkerwater/
| M17128 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 0.32 / Lwandle/
| M17129 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 3.90 / Mamre/
| M17130 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 0.70 / Masiphumelele/
| M17131 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 22.76 / Melkbosstrand/
| M17132 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 19.51 / Mfuleni/
| M17133 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 110.75 / Milnerton/
| M17134 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 91.29 / Mitchell's Plain/
| M17135 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 1.19 / Nomzano/
| M17136 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 21.86 / Noordhoek/
| M17137 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 3.39 / Nyanga/
| M17138 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 27.52 / Parow/
| M17139 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 1.66 / Pella/
| M17140 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 4.74 / Robben Island/
| M17141 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 1.67 / Scarborough/
| M17142 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 50.99 / Simonstown/
| M17143 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 0.94 / Sir Lowry's Pass/
| M17144 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 88.57 / Somerset West/
| M17145 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 35.24 / Strand/
| M17146 = City of Cape Town / / WC / 0.72 / Witsand/
| M19101 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 1.77 / Bitterfontein/
| M19102 = Cederberg / West Coast / WC / 16.74 / Hexberg State Forest/
| M19103 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 0.44 / Jutteneiland/
| M19104 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 0.94 / Kliprand/
| M19105 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 0.15 / Malgaseiland/
| M19106 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 0.09 / Marcus Island/
| M19107 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 1.23 / Nuwerus/
| M19108 = Matzikama / West Coast / WC / 2.38 / Rietpoort/
| M19109 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 0.27 / Skaapeiland/
| M19110 = Saldanha Bay / West Coast / WC / 0.13 / Vondelingeiland/
| M19111 = / West Coast / WC / 8,329.15 / West Coast/
| M19201 = / Cape Winelands / WC / 10,649.08 / Breede River/
| M19202 = Swellendam / Overberg / WC / 109.90 / Langeberg/
| M19301 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 607.13 / Overberg/
| M19302 = Cape Agulhas / Overberg / WC / 0.96 / Skipskop/
| M19401 = George / Eden / WC / 61.46 / Baviaanskloof State Forest/
| M19402 = George / Eden / WC / 91.55 / Formosa State Forest/
| M19403 = George / Eden / WC / 2.59 / Haarlem/
| M19404 = George / Eden / WC / 148.56 / Kamnassieberg State Forest/
| M19405 = George / Eden / WC / 15.79 / Nietgenaamd Nature Reserve/
| M19406 = George / Eden / WC / 3,793.98 / South Cape/
| M19407 = George / Eden / WC / 51.53 / Swartberg State Forest/
| M19408 = George / Eden / WC / 4.93 / Uniondale/
| M19501 = Beaufort West / Central Karoo / WC / 5,403.05 / Central Karoo/
| M19502 = Beaufort West / Central Karoo / WC / 179.42 / Karoo National Park/
| M19503 = Beaufort West / Central Karoo / WC / 0.82 / Murraysburg/
| M19504 = Beaufort West / Central Karoo / WC / 1.52 / Murraysburg Township/
| M20101 = Camdeboo / Cacadu / EC / 14.56 / Aberdeen/
| M20102 = Camdeboo / Cacadu / EC / 6,978.61 / Camdeboo/
| M20103 = Camdeboo / Cacadu / EC / 203.50 / Graaff Reinet/
| M20104 = Camdeboo / Cacadu / EC / 34.36 / New Bethesda/
| M20105 = Camdeboo / Cacadu / EC / 0.59 / Thembalesizwe/
| M20106 = Camdeboo / Cacadu / EC / 1.13 / uMasizakhe/
| M20201 = Blue Crane Route / Cacadu / EC / 9,797.37 / Blue Crane Route/
| M20202 = Blue Crane Route / Cacadu / EC / 0.66 / Bongweni/
| M20203 = Blue Crane Route / Cacadu / EC / 2.27 / Cookhouse/
| M20204 = Blue Crane Route / Cacadu / EC / 0.74 / Khayanisho/
| M20205 = Blue Crane Route / Cacadu / EC / 2.59 / KwaNojoli/
| M20206 = Blue Crane Route / Cacadu / EC / 3.23 / Pearston/
| M20207 = Blue Crane Route / Cacadu / EC / 24.12 / Somerset East/
| M20301 = Ikwezi / Cacadu / EC / 4,420.87 / Ikwezi/
| M20302 = Ikwezi / Cacadu / EC / 23.83 / Jansenville/
| M20303 = Ikwezi / Cacadu / EC / 2.19 / Klipplaat/
| M20304 = Ikwezi / Cacadu / EC / 1.18 / KwaZamukucinga/
| M20305 = Ikwezi / Cacadu / EC / 1.62 / Wongalethu/
| M20401 = Makana / Cacadu / EC / 6.46 / Albany/
| M20402 = Makana / Cacadu / EC / 0.66 / Fingo Village/
| M20403 = Makana / Cacadu / EC / 27.28 / Grahamstown/
| M20404 = Makana / Cacadu / EC / 4,180.76 / Makana/
| M20405 = Makana / Cacadu / EC / 6.73 / Rhini/
| M20406 = Makana / Cacadu / EC / 0.11 / Riebeeck-East/
| M20501 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 3.84 / Alexandria/
| M20502 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 8.45 / Bathurst/
| M20503 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 1.09 / Boknesstrand/
| M20504 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 1.79 / Canon Rocks/
| M20505 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 1.10 / Ekuphumleni/
| M20506 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 1.17 / Kasuka/
| M20507 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 7.45 / Kenton-on-Sea/
| M20508 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 5.74 / Kleinemonde/
| M20509 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 0.81 / Kwanonqubela/
| M20510 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 1,945.79 / Ndlambe/
| M20511 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 3.35 / Nkwenkwezi/
| M20512 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 1.22 / Nolukhanyo/
| M20513 = Ndlambe / Cacadu / EC / 19.02 / Port Alfred/
| M20601 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 3.21 / Addo/
| M20602 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 1.08 / Addo Elephant National Park/
| M20603 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 0.61 / Barsheba/
| M20604 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 2.33 / Bontrug/
| M20605 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 0.40 / Enon/
| M20606 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 3.07 / Kirkwood/
| M20607 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 3.62 / KwaZenzele/
| M20608 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 1.53 / Nomathamsanqa/
| M20609 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 0.22 / Paterson/
| M20610 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 3,491.83 / Sunday's River Valley/
| M20701 = Baviaans / Cacadu / EC / 7,679.23 / Baviaans/
| M20702 = Baviaans / Cacadu / EC / 22.03 / Steytlerville/
| M20703 = Baviaans / Cacadu / EC / 2.58 / Vuyolwetho/
| M20704 = Baviaans / Cacadu / EC / 20.24 / Willowmore/
| M20801 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 2.12 / Aston Bay/
| M20802 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 2.51 / Cape St Francis/
| M20803 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 20.24 / Hankey/
| M20804 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 35.94 / Humansdorp/
| M20805 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 11.25 / Jeffreys Bay/
| M20806 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 2,322.26 / Kouga/
| M20807 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 1.21 / KwaNomzamo/
| M20808 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 0.42 / Loerie/
| M20809 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 1.34 / Oyster Bay/
| M20810 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 3.79 / Paradise Beach/
| M20811 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 6.68 / Patensie/
| M20812 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 7.34 / St Francis Bay/
| M20813 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 0.14 / Sunnyside/
| M20814 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 1.46 / Thornhill/
| M20815 = Kouga / Cacadu / EC / 0.68 / Weston/
| M20901 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 1.03 / Boskop/
| M20902 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 3.26 / Coldstream/
| M20903 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 2.68 / Joubertina/
| M20904 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 0.09 / Kagiso Height/
| M20905 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 1.67 / Kareedouw/
| M20906 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 3,541.35 / Kou-Kamma/
| M20907 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 1.23 / Krakeel Rivier/
| M20908 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 1.03 / Louterwater/
| M20909 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 1.63 / Sanddrif/
| M20910 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 1.67 / Stormsrivier/
| M20911 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 3.85 / Thornham/
| M20912 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 11.05 / Tsitsikamabos National Park/
| M20913 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 0.64 / Tweeriviere/
| M20914 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 1.21 / Uitkyk/
| M20915 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 2.47 / Witelsbos/
| M20916 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 0.35 / Woodslands/
| M21001 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 213.82 / Bashee/
| M21002 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 158.19 / Bonkolo/
| M21003 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 143.92 / Cizela/
| M21004 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 19.86 / Ebongweni/
| M21005 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 771.80 / Ebotwe/
| M21006 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 8.21 / Elliotdale/
| M21007 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 177.44 / Emvelini/
| M21008 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 146.50 / Gcaleka-Ngchana/
| M21009 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 22.36 / Hala/
| M21010 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 275.97 / Idutywa/
| M21011 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 277.47 / Jalamba/
| M21012 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 306.87 / Kwamkoloza/
| M21013 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 2.14 / Mpeko/
| M21014 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 105.63 / Ngqwangele/
| M21015 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 238.10 / Ngubezulu/
| M21016 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 101.36 / Ntonga/
| M21017 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 48.53 / Ntshatshongo/
| M21018 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 5.54 / Willowvale/
| M21019 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 9.19 / Idutywa/
| M21101 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 526.95 / Amabhele/
| M21102 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 631.51 / Amahlubi/
| M21103 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 21.21 / Amambalu/
| M21104 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 623.87 / Amazizi/
| M21105 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 26.88 / Butterworth/
| M21106 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 105.70 / Fingo/
| M21107 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 61.93 / Gcaleka/
| M21108 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 39.39 / Gqogqora/
| M21109 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 64.07 / Imidushane/
| M21110 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 90.71 / Jalamba/
| M21111 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 4.44 / Kentani/
| M21112 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 9.66 / Kwebulana/
| M21113 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 55.14 / Lindinxiwa/
| M21114 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 134.74 / Mac Vigar/
| M21115 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 0.57 / Mazeppa Bay/
| M21116 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 43.39 / Mazizini/
| M21117 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 56.03 / Mnquma/
| M21118 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 52.88 / Mtoto/
| M21119 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 193.31 / Ngqwara/
| M21120 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 17.93 / Ngubezulu/
| M21121 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 114.11 / Ngusi/
| M21122 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 3.71 / Nqadu/
| M21123 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 16.09 / Nqamakwe/
| M21124 = Mbhashe / Amathole / EC / 0.72 / Ntshatshongo/
| M21125 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 201.39 / Qolora/
| M21126 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 0.34 / Qolora Mouth/
| M21127 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 0.80 / Springs/
| M21128 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 61.74 / Teko/
| M21129 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 47.50 / Tutura/
| M21130 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 113.68 / Tyhali/
| M21131 = Mnquma / Amathole / EC / 2.99 / Kentani/
| M21201 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 2.57 / Cintsa/
| M21202 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 3.80 / Cintsa East/
| M21203 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 0.51 / Cwili/
| M21204 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 1,519.30 / Great Kei/
| M21205 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 1.20 / Haga Haga/
| M21206 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 3.20 / Kei Mouth/
| M21207 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 5.32 / Komga/
| M21208 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 50.83 / Kwelera/
| M21209 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 0.36 / Kwelera Point/
| M21210 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 145.07 / Mooiplaas/
| M21211 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 1.36 / Morgans Bay/
| M21212 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 0.17 / Ocean View/
| M21213 = Great Kei / Amathole / EC / 1.94 / Qumrha/
| M21301 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 86.06 / Amahlathi/
| M21302 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 2.83 / Amantinde/
| M21303 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 258.26 / Amazizi/
| M21304 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 51.47 / Cathcart/
| M21305 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 3.48 / Cumakala/
| M21306 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 0.53 / Daliwe/
| M21307 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 0.42 / Dohne/
| M21308 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 11.66 / Eluxolweni/
| M21309 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 7.17 / Emthonjeni/
| M21310 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 0.28 / Frankfort/
| M21311 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 0.73 / Gxulu/
| M21312 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 6.07 / Heckel/
| M21313 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 1.00 / Hlubi/
| M21314 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 8.16 / Katikati/
| M21315 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 5.38 / Keiskammahoek/
| M21316 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 370.99 / Keiskammahoek North/
| M21317 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 18.49 / Lusikisiki/
| M21318 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 0.73 / Marienthal/
| M21319 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 172.63 / Ngqika/
| M21320 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 18.86 / Peelton/
| M21321 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 67.58 / Stutterheim/
| M21322 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 73.59 / Toise/
| M21323 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 19.14 / Zali's Location/
| M21324 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 49.76 / Zibula/
| M21325 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 37.74 / Zwelitsha/
| M21326 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 2,986.57 / Amahlathi/
| M21327 = Amahlathi / Amathole / EC / 6.17 / Stutterheim/
| M21401 = Buffalo City / / EC / 1.15 / Airport Township/
| M21402 = Buffalo City / / EC / 87.65 / Amagasela/
| M21403 = Buffalo City / / EC / 22.02 / Amahleke/
| M21404 = Buffalo City / / EC / 119.89 / Amandlambe/
| M21405 = Buffalo City / / EC / 24.12 / Amantinde/
| M21406 = Buffalo City / / EC / 7.15 / Area North 1924/
| M21407 = Buffalo City / / EC / 38.25 / Berlin/
| M21408 = Buffalo City / / EC / 5.76 / Bisho/
| M21409 = Buffalo City / / EC / 8.34 / Breidbach/
| M21410 = Buffalo City / / EC / 950.64 / Buffalo City/
| M21411 = Buffalo City / / EC / 3.08 / Cambridge/
| M21412 = Buffalo City / / EC / 10.24 / Dimbaza/
| M21413 = Buffalo City / / EC / 1.90 / Duncan Village/
| M21414 = Buffalo City / / EC / 156.70 / East London/
| M21415 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.35 / Egoli Township/
| M21416 = Buffalo City / / EC / 1.31 / Eluxolweni/
| M21417 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.42 / Eluxozweni/
| M21418 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.84 / Ententeni/
| M21419 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.72 / Gompo Town/
| M21420 = Buffalo City / / EC / 9.99 / Gonubie/
| M21421 = Buffalo City / / EC / 2.92 / Ilitha/
| M21422 = Buffalo City / / EC / 41.24 / Imidashane/
| M21423 = Buffalo City / / EC / 3.52 / Imidushane/
| M21424 = Buffalo City / / EC / 34.54 / Imiqayi/
| M21425 = Buffalo City / / EC / 14.83 / Jaftas/
| M21426 = Buffalo City / / EC / 14.54 / Joseph Williams/
| M21427 = Buffalo City / / EC / 11.46 / Kambashe/
| M21428 = Buffalo City / / EC / 3.11 / Kayser's Beach/
| M21429 = Buffalo City / / EC / 392.99 / Khambashe/
| M21430 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.59 / Kidd's Beach/
| M21431 = Buffalo City / / EC / 55.98 / King Williams Town/
| M21432 = Buffalo City / / EC / 8.64 / Macleantown/
| M21433 = Buffalo City / / EC / 77.17 / Mdantsane/
| M21434 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.53 / Mzamonhle/
| M21435 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.95 / Nahoon Dam Settlement/
| M21436 = Buffalo City / / EC / 8.94 / Needs Camp/
| M21437 = Buffalo City / / EC / 57.27 / Newlands/
| M21438 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.38 / Nompumelelo/
| M21439 = Buffalo City / / EC / 1.04 / Park Ridge/
| M21440 = Buffalo City / / EC / 1.04 / Parkside/
| M21441 = Buffalo City / / EC / 44.53 / Peelton/
| M21442 = Buffalo City / / EC / 1.17 / Pefferville/
| M21443 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.22 / Phakamisa/
| M21444 = Buffalo City / / EC / 216.13 / Phato/
| M21445 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.30 / Pierie Main Forest/
| M21446 = Buffalo City / / EC / 25.55 / Pirie/
| M21447 = Buffalo City / / EC / 4.65 / Reeston/
| M21448 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.79 / Sea Vale/
| M21449 = Buffalo City / / EC / 3.19 / Silverdale/
| M21450 = Buffalo City / / EC / 2.80 / Skobeni/
| M21451 = Buffalo City / / EC / 0.66 / Sunrise-On-Sea/
| M21452 = Buffalo City / / EC / 14.84 / Tyusha/
| M21453 = Buffalo City / / EC / 7.78 / Umqwakwebe/
| M21454 = Buffalo City / / EC / 7.87 / Zwelitsha/
| M21455 = Buffalo City / / EC / 3.21 / Eluxolweni/
| M21501 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 25.88 / Amahlubi/
| M21502 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 64.29 / Amambalu/
| M21503 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 71.60 / Bhele/
| M21504 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 9.96 / Dabi/
| M21505 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 13.18 / Glenmore/
| M21506 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 3.30 / Hamburg/
| M21507 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 345.41 / Imidushane/
| M21508 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 176.73 / Imiqayi/
| M21509 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 243.17 / Mareledwana/
| M21510 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 101.29 / Mhala/
| M21511 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 0.28 / Mpheweni/
| M21512 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 70.89 / Msuthu/
| M21513 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 158.71 / Ngqushwa/
| M21514 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 86.22 / Njokweni/
| M21515 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 653.47 / Peddie/
| M21516 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 211.15 / Tyefu/
| M21517 = Ngqushwa / Amathole / EC / 9.77 / Peddie/
| M21601 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 21.97 / Alice/
| M21602 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 576.57 / Amagqunukwebe/
| M21603 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 57.03 / Amagwala/
| M21604 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 161.57 / Amajingqi/
| M21605 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 30.49 / Amakhuze/
| M21606 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 4.82 / Balfour/
| M21607 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 2.00 / Bellvale/
| M21608 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 2.54 / Bhofolo/
| M21609 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 5.17 / Blinkwater/
| M21610 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 1.79 / Ekuphumuleni/
| M21611 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 46.19 / Fort Beaufort/
| M21612 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 75.06 / Gaga/
| M21613 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 69.15 / Gaika-Mbo/
| M21614 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 6.78 / Hogsback/
| M21615 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 24.56 / Imingcangathelo/
| M21616 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 0.44 / Jingqi/
| M21617 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 1.49 / Mhlangeni/
| M21618 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 2.12 / Middledrift/
| M21619 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 1.23 / Mlungisi/
| M21620 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 1.48 / Moreson/
| M21621 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 704.06 / Mpofu/
| M21622 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 18.99 / Ngqika/
| M21623 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 32.97 / Ngwalana/
| M21624 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 1,437.77 / Nkonkobe/
| M21625 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 2.21 / Seymour/
| M21626 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 1.18 / Tamboekie Vlei/
| M21627 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 116.92 / Tyumie/
| M21628 = Nkonkobe / Amathole / EC / 318.90 / Victoria East/
| M21701 = Nxuba / Amathole / EC / 2.47 / Adelaide/
| M21702 = Nxuba / Amathole / EC / 2.54 / Bedford/
| M21703 = Nxuba / Amathole / EC / 3.54 / Lingelethu/
| M21704 = Nxuba / Amathole / EC / 2,724.60 / Nxuba/
| M21705 = Nxuba / Amathole / EC / 1.25 / Sizakhele/
| M21801 = Inxuba Yethemba / Chris Hani / EC / 123.99 / Cradock/
| M21802 = Inxuba Yethemba / Chris Hani / EC / 11,302.89 / Inxuba Yethemba/
| M21803 = Inxuba Yethemba / Chris Hani / EC / 2.75 / KwaNonzame/
| M21804 = Inxuba Yethemba / Chris Hani / EC / 4.92 / Lingelihle/
| M21805 = Inxuba Yethemba / Chris Hani / EC / 160.10 / Middelburg/
| M21901 = Tsolwana / Chris Hani / EC / 34.36 / Amaqwati/
| M21902 = Tsolwana / Chris Hani / EC / 19.74 / Amavundle/
| M21903 = Tsolwana / Chris Hani / EC / 5.44 / Basoto/
| M21904 = Tsolwana / Chris Hani / EC / 4.57 / Hofmeyer/
| M21905 = Tsolwana / Chris Hani / EC / 1.09 / Lammermoor/
| M21906 = Tsolwana / Chris Hani / EC / 1.89 / Tarka/
| M21907 = Tsolwana / Chris Hani / EC / 5,956.66 / Tsolwana/
| M21908 = Tsolwana / Chris Hani / EC / 1.15 / Zola/
| M22001 = Inkwanca / Chris Hani / EC / 3,550.04 / Inkwanca/
| M22002 = Inkwanca / Chris Hani / EC / 1.85 / Masakhe/
| M22003 = Inkwanca / Chris Hani / EC / 9.06 / Molteno/
| M22004 = Inkwanca / Chris Hani / EC / 2.38 / Nomonde/
| M22005 = Inkwanca / Chris Hani / EC / 20.31 / Sterkstroom/
| M22101 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 40.11 / Cacadu/
| M22102 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 3.71 / Didimane/
| M22103 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 4.25 / Ekuphumleni/
| M22104 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 9.00 / Ezibeleni/
| M22105 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 70.28 / Hala/
| M22106 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 932.41 / Hewu/
| M22107 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 21.60 / Illinge/
| M22108 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 75.22 / Lesseyton/
| M22109 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 2,696.07 / Lukanji/
| M22110 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 5.34 / Mlungisi/
| M22111 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 78.40 / Nonesi/
| M22112 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 114.94 / Queenstown/
| M22113 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 4.07 / Sada/
| M22114 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 2.60 / Whittlesea/
| M22115 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 58.33 / Zulukama/
| M22116 = Lukanji / Chris Hani / EC / 143.16 / Queenstown/
| M22201 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 50.39 / Amabhele/
| M22202 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 373.66 / Amahlubi/
| M22203 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 153.62 / Amazizi/
| M22204 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 23.22 / Cofimvaba/
| M22205 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 123.15 / Ehlatini/
| M22206 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 171.21 / Emaqwatini/
| M22207 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 18.42 / Engcobo/
| M22208 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 45.97 / Gcaleka/
| M22209 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 90.10 / Gcuwa/
| M22210 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 598.02 / Hala/
| M22211 = Mbhashe / Chris Hani / EC / 80.35 / Idutywa/
| M22212 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 9.29 / Intsika Yethu/
| M22213 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 91.59 / Jumba/
| M22214 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 187.20 / KwaNkwenkwazi/
| M22215 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 12.46 / Lady Frere/
| M22216 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 28.79 / Mhlontlo/
| M22217 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 273.57 / Mtshanyana/
| M22218 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 177.97 / Ncora/
| M22219 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 73.11 / Ndlunkulu/
| M22220 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 267.03 / Ndungwana/
| M22221 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 478.40 / Qamata/
| M22222 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 135.96 / Qwebeqwebe/
| M22223 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 74.21 / Tsomo/
| M22224 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 27.93 / Xalanga/
| M22225 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 46.48 / Cofimvaba/
| M22226 = Intsika Yethu / Chris Hani / EC / 6.80 / Tsomo/
| M22301 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 245.07 / Cacadu/
| M22302 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 9.68 / Cala/
| M22303 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 15.67 / Dordrecht/
| M22304 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 1,134.11 / Emalahleni/
| M22305 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 27.01 / Emaqwatini/
| M22306 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 61.56 / Eqolombeni/
| M22307 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 315.77 / Guba/
| M22308 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 114.03 / Hala/
| M22309 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 12.17 / Indwe/
| M22310 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 24.71 / Lady Frere/
| M22311 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 23.79 / Lakishi/
| M22312 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 350.56 / Macubeni/
| M22313 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 0.16 / Manyano/
| M22314 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 0.59 / Mavuya/
| M22315 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 340.69 / Mhlontlo/
| M22316 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 0.29 / Mzamomhle/
| M22317 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 557.59 / Nonesi/
| M22318 = Emalahleni / Chris Hani / EC / 1.39 / Sinakho/
| M22401 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 132.82 / Amantondo/
| M22402 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 167.65 / Amaqwati/
| M22403 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 128.98 / Dumalisile/
| M22404 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 26.55 / Engcobo/
| M22405 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 259.73 / Gqutyini/
| M22406 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 185.31 / Hala/
| M22407 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 279.27 / Jumba/
| M22408 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 149.02 / Luhewini/
| M22409 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 171.90 / Moshi/
| M22410 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 386.90 / Sidindi/
| M22411 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 166.64 / Singqumeni/
| M22412 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 46.35 / Tara/
| M22413 = Engcobo / Chris Hani / EC / 157.67 / Upper Gqobonco/
| M22501 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 23.10 / Cala/
| M22502 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 89.40 / Ehlatini/
| M22503 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 28.68 / Elliot/
| M22504 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 20.85 / Engcobo/
| M22505 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 149.28 / Eqolombeni/
| M22506 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 0.44 / Masibambane/
| M22507 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 1,703.50 / Sakhisizwe/
| M22508 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 12.14 / Sidindi/
| M22509 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 215.01 / Xalanga/
| M22510 = Sakhisizwe / Chris Hani / EC / 14.20 / Cala/
| M22601 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 676.98 / Amahlubi/
| M22602 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 156.98 / Amazizi/
| M22603 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 90.82 / Asentshonalanga/
| M22604 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 224.75 / Bakoena/
| M22605 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 169.85 / Basuto/
| M22606 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 720.18 / Batlokoa/
| M22607 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 2,782.47 / Elundini/
| M22608 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 125.92 / Hlubi/
| M22609 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.28 / JK Bokwe/
| M22610 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 7.24 / Maclear/
| M22611 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.23 / Madeira/
| M22612 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.25 / Mati's/
| M22613 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 98.11 / Matolandile/Zimelelandile/
| M22614 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 10.70 / Mount Fletcher/
| M22615 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 162.30 / Ngcele/
| M22616 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.13 / Ntokozweni/
| M22617 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.15 / Ntywenka Forest/
| M22618 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 2.14 / Sonwabile/
| M22619 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 18.21 / Ugie/
| M22620 = Elundini / Joe Gqabi / EC / 108.32 / Mount Fletcher/
| M22701 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 62.98 / Amaqwati/
| M22702 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 86.37 / Amavundla/
| M22703 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 16.10 / Barkly East/
| M22704 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 250.74 / Basoto/
| M22705 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 127.83 / Batlokoa/
| M22706 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 4.89 / Herschel/
| M22707 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 1,061.37 / Hlubi/
| M22708 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.81 / Kwezinaledi/
| M22709 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 23.75 / Lady Grey/
| M22710 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.05 / Mfelandawonye/
| M22711 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 122.04 / Myamane/
| M22712 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.53 / Nkululeko/
| M22713 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.05 / Polar Park/
| M22714 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 10.28 / Rhodes/
| M22715 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.66 / Rossouw/
| M22716 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 4,998.12 / Senqu/
| M22717 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 4.02 / Sterkspruit/
| M22718 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.14 / Zakhele/
| M22719 = Senqu / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.02 / Zola/
| M22801 = Maletswai / Joe Gqabi / EC / 7.95 / Aliwal North/
| M22802 = Maletswai / Joe Gqabi / EC / 6.01 / Dukathole/
| M22803 = Maletswai / Joe Gqabi / EC / 11.42 / Jamestown/
| M22804 = Maletswai / Joe Gqabi / EC / 4,331.93 / Maletswai/
| M22805 = Maletswai / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.46 / Masakhane/
| M22901 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 27.17 / Burgersdorp/
| M22902 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 8,798.62 / Gariep/
| M22903 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 2.11 / Khayamnandi/
| M22904 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.54 / Lyciunville/
| M22905 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 1.21 / Mzanomhle/
| M22906 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.37 / Nozizwe/
| M22907 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 4.00 / Oviston/
| M22908 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 1.37 / Steynsburg/
| M22909 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.32 / Tembisa/
| M22910 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 0.87 / Venterstad/
| M23001 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 433.70 / Amadiba/
| M23002 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 8.78 / Amandela/
| M23003 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 46.81 / Amandengane/
| M23004 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 286.10 / Amangutyana/
| M23005 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 108.38 / Amantshangase/
| M23006 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 122.89 / Amapisi/
| M23007 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 18.03 / Bala/
| M23008 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 23.96 / Bizana/
| M23009 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 541.81 / Imizizi/
| M23010 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 360.60 / Ntlenzi/
| M23011 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 15.02 / Ntshamate/
| M23012 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 345.75 / Tsikelo/
| M23013 = Mbizana / Alfred Nzo / EC / 100.00 / Xesibe/
| M23101 = Ntabankulu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 376.11 / Amacwera/
| M23102 = Ntabankulu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 310.80 / Amanci/
| M23103 = Ntabankulu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 3.83 / Bala/
| M23104 = Ntabankulu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 2.47 / Fikeni/
| M23105 = Ntabankulu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 518.70 / Lwandlolubomvu/
| M23106 = Ntabankulu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 124.41 / Ntlenzi/
| M23107 = Ntabankulu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 0.84 / Tabankulu/
| M23108 = Ntabankulu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 11.40 / Tabankulu Town/
| M23109 = Ntabankulu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 112.06 / Xesibe/
| M23201 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 123.86 / Amakwalo/
| M23202 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 5.21 / Amanci/
| M23203 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 117.16 / Amantlane/
| M23204 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 25.03 / Awahlwazi/
| M23205 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 134.39 / Bala/
| M23206 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 53.32 / Emtweni/
| M23207 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 13.77 / Flagstaff/
| M23208 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 45.12 / Gunyeni/
| M23209 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 21.04 / Lusikisiki/
| M23210 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 1.24 / Lwandlolubomvu/
| M23211 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 173.29 / Mkambati/
| M23212 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 14.63 / Mtshayelo/
| M23213 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 86.08 / Mxobo/
| M23214 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 16.10 / Ndimakude/
| M23215 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 958.25 / Qaukeni/
| M23216 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 249.31 / Sipaqeni/
| M23217 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 342.85 / Taweni/
| M23218 = Ngquza Hill / O.R.Tambo / EC / 79.49 / Xopozo/
| M23301 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 57.81 / Amakwalo/
| M23302 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 253.67 / Bomvini/
| M23303 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 221.68 / Emtweni/
| M23304 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 63.03 / Gunyeni/
| M23305 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 133.75 / Manzamhlophe/
| M23306 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 315.70 / Mvumelwano/
| M23307 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 195.11 / Ndluzula/
| M23308 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 8.79 / Port St Johns/
| M23309 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 37.94 / Qaukeni/
| M23310 = Port St Johns / O.R.Tambo / EC / 0.80 / Port St Johns/
| M23401 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 26.59 / Amasane/
| M23402 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 103.10 / Gibisela/
| M23403 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 380.45 / Konjyaoyo/
| M23404 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 33.68 / Libode/
| M23405 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 6.71 / Masizakhe/
| M23406 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 121.53 / Mbalisweni/
| M23407 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 159.79 / Mcwebeni/
| M23408 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 709.67 / Mhlanga/
| M23409 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 2.51 / Ndluzula/
| M23410 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 15.17 / Ngqeleni/
| M23411 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 292.53 / Ngqubusini/
| M23412 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 105.59 / Ngxangule/
| M23413 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 17.07 / Nqabe/
| M23414 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 310.72 / Ntakatye/
| M23415 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 4.38 / Qokolweni/Zimbane/
| M23416 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 309.37 / Simanzi/
| M23417 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 7.03 / Tshomane/
| M23418 = Nyandeni / O.R.Tambo / EC / 4.85 / Xesibe/
| M23501 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 177.82 / Amacwera/
| M23502 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 109.24 / Amampondomise/
| M23503 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 0.35 / Amazizi/
| M23504 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 8.02 / Asentshonalanga/
| M23505 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 7.95 / Basuto/
| M23506 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 70.31 / Bhele/
| M23507 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 197.19 / Bovube/
| M23508 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 99.50 / Culunca/
| M23509 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 203.35 / Ebotwa/
| M23510 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 162.71 / Emaqa-Kambani/
| M23511 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 67.98 / Hala/
| M23512 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 280.77 / Hlubi/
| M23513 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 6.87 / Kambi/
| M23514 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 70.06 / Ketani/
| M23515 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 48.43 / Lwandlolubomvu/
| M23516 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 24.83 / Makaula/
| M23517 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 293.67 / Masizakhe/
| M23518 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 32.91 / Matolandile/Zimelelandile/
| M23519 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 125.22 / Mbalisweni/
| M23520 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 19.82 / Mhlontlo/
| M23521 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 106.95 / Ngqubusini/
| M23522 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 16.95 / Ngwane/
| M23523 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 294.50 / Northern Pondomise/
| M23524 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 38.15 / Qumbu/
| M23525 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 53.97 / Tsolo/
| M23526 = Mhlontlo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 184.59 / Tsolo/
| M23601 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 179.46 / Baziya/
| M23602 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 60.66 / Cacadu/
| M23603 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 0.86 / Coffee Bay/
| M23604 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 186.95 / Ebotwe/
| M23605 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 4.54 / Gcaleka-Ngchana/
| M23606 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 154.11 / Hagebe/
| M23607 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 90.10 / Hala/
| M23608 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 7.70 / Jalamba/
| M23609 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 197.35 / Jumba/
| M23610 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 19.41 / Masizakhe/
| M23611 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 202.58 / Matyengqina/
| M23612 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 21.61 / Mhlanga/
| M23613 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 99.30 / Mpeko/
| M23614 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 9.61 / Mqanduli/
| M23615 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 288.67 / Mqekezweni/
| M23616 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 5.05 / Ngqubusini/
| M23617 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 1.02 / Ngubezulu/
| M23618 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 242.02 / Nqabe/
| M23619 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 21.84 / Nqanda/
| M23620 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 229.37 / Qiya/
| M23621 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 98.37 / Qokolweni/Zimbane/
| M23622 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 23.37 / Rarabe/
| M23623 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 63.25 / Sithebe/
| M23624 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 115.34 / Tshezi/
| M23625 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 182.78 / Tshomane/
| M23626 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 64.70 / Umtata/
| M23627 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 230.24 / Upper Ncise-Kambi/
| M23628 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 113.33 / Xesibe/
| M23629 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 72.52 / Xongora/
| M23630 = King Sabata Dalindyebo / O.R.Tambo / EC / 29.57 / Umtata/
| M23701 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 0.64 / Bisi/
| M23702 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 2.43 / Clydesdale/
| M23703 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 178.10 / Dumakude/
| M23704 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 237.33 / Fodo/
| M23705 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 2.56 / Ibisi/
| M23706 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 231.34 / Indawana/
| M23707 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 39.00 / Jogilizwe/
| M23708 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 19.44 / Jongilizwe/
| M23709 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 78.41 / Ladamu/
| M23710 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 129.08 / Mabandla/
| M23711 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 91.61 / Malenge/
| M23712 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 162.26 / Mvolozi/
| M23713 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 4.26 / Nqozama/
| M23714 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 40.55 / Rietvlei 1/
| M23715 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 4.25 / Rietvlei 2/
| M23716 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 3.91 / Rietvlei 3/
| M23717 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 133.94 / Sandile/
| M23718 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 126.47 / Silahla/
| M23719 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 1.36 / Singisi/
| M23720 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 0.13 / Straalhoek/
| M23721 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 0.20 / Straalhoek Forrest Station/
| M23722 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 732.90 / Umzimkulu/
| M23723 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 203.23 / Zwelethu/
| M23724 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 0.13 / Rietvlei 3/
| M23725 = Umzimkhulu / Sisonke / ZN / 12.56 / Umzimkulu/
| M23801 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 92.17 / Amahlubi/
| M23802 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 528.40 / Bakoena/
| M23803 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 2.66 / Bhele/
| M23804 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 142.30 / Fikeni/
| M23805 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 52.81 / Hlubi/
| M23806 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 281.33 / Ludidi/
| M23807 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 187.89 / Lupindo/
| M23808 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 3.76 / Lwandlolubomvu/
| M23809 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 1,488.73 / Makaula/
| M23810 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 68.68 / Malubelube/
| M23811 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 242.68 / Maluti/
| M23812 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 117.54 / Manguzela/
| M23813 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 98.75 / Matandela/
| M23814 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 97.92 / Maxesibeni/
| M23815 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 474.54 / Mosesh/
| M23816 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 19.52 / Mount Ayliff/
| M23817 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 14.74 / Mount Frere/
| M23818 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 210.04 / Mpoza/
| M23819 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 244.84 / Mzongwana/
| M23820 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 326.42 / Sibi/
| M23821 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 55.55 / Umzimvubu/
| M23822 = Umzimvubu / Alfred Nzo / EC / 385.59 / Xesibe/
| M23823 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 1.36 / Maluti/
| M23825 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 162.00 / Umzimvubu/
| M27501 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 0.78 / Beachview/
| M27502 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 77.64 / Bethelsdorp/
| M27503 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 2.74 / Blue Horizon Bay/
| M27504 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 0.69 / Cannonvale/
| M27505 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 1.28 / Colchester/
| M27506 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 38.75 / Despatch/
| M27507 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 1.90 / Gqebera/
| M27508 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 23.69 / Ibhayi/
| M27509 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 1.68 / Kabah/
| M27510 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 0.82 / Khaya Mnandi/
| M27511 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 0.70 / Kwa Langa/
| M27512 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 5.10 / Kwadwesi/
| M27513 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 15.34 / Kwanobuhle/
| M27514 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 29.52 / Motherwell/
| M27515 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 1,328.77 / Nelson Mandela/
| M27516 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 335.30 / Port Elizabeth/
| M27517 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 1.60 / Seaview/
| M27518 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 84.77 / Uitenhage/
| M27519 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 0.56 / Woodridge/
| M27520 = Nelson Mandela Bay / / EC / 0.52 / Young Park/
| M29101 = / Cacadu / EC / 13,087.85 / Aberdeen Plain/
| M29102 = Sunday's River Valley / Cacadu / EC / 143.84 / Addo Elephant National Park/
| M29103 = Blue Crane Route / Cacadu / EC / 0.87 / Petersburg/
| M29104 = Baviaans / Cacadu / EC / 1.74 / Rietbron/
| M29105 = Kou-Kamma / Cacadu / EC / 48.92 / Tsitsikama National Park/
| M29201 = Tsolwana / Chris Hani / EC / 62.18 / Mountain Zebra National Park/
| M29202 = Inxuba Yethemba / Chris Hani / EC / 71.34 / Tsitsikama National Park/
| M29301 = Gariep / Joe Gqabi / EC / 77.32 / Oviston Nature Reserve/
| M29401 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 136.32 / O'Conners Camp/
| M30101 = Richtersveld / Namakwa / NC / 3.33 / Alexander Bay/
| M30102 = Richtersveld / Namakwa / NC / 0.40 / Eksteenfontein/
| M30103 = Richtersveld / Namakwa / NC / 0.48 / Khubus/
| M30104 = Richtersveld / Namakwa / NC / 0.44 / Lekkersing/
| M30105 = Richtersveld / Namakwa / NC / 6.07 / McDougall's Bay/
| M30106 = Richtersveld / Namakwa / NC / 18.57 / Port Nolloth/
| M30107 = Richtersveld / Namakwa / NC / 9,640.40 / Richtersveld/
| M30108 = Richtersveld / Namakwa / NC / 1.10 / Sanddrif/
| M30201 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 0.64 / Buffelsrivier/
| M30202 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 0.91 / Bulletrap/
| M30203 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 1.04 / Carolusberg/
| M30204 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 2.36 / Concordia/
| M30205 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 1.96 / Kleinzee/
| M30206 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 1.94 / Komaggas/
| M30207 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 6.24 / Nababeep/
| M30208 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 14,862.47 / Nama Khoi/
| M30209 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 4.50 / Okiep/
| M30210 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 16.11 / Springbok/
| M30211 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 3.19 / Steinkopf/
| M30212 = Nama Khoi / Namakwa / NC / 0.86 / Vioolsdrif/
| M30301 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 37.55 / Garies/
| M30302 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 19.68 / Hondeklip Bay/
| M30303 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.87 / Kamassies/
| M30304 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 11,660.67 / Kamiesberg/
| M30305 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 8.78 / Kamieskroon/
| M30306 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 5.04 / Karkams/
| M30307 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 1.22 / Kheis/
| M30308 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.56 / Klipfontein/
| M30309 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.69 / Koingnaas/
| M30310 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.35 / Leliefontein/
| M30311 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.18 / Nourivier/
| M30312 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.75 / Paulshoek/
| M30313 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.32 / Rooifontein Norap/
| M30314 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.29 / Soebatsfontein/
| M30315 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.30 / Spoegrivier/
| M30316 = Kamiesberg / Namakwa / NC / 0.33 / Tweerivier/
| M30401 = Hantam / Namakwa / NC / 208.65 / Brandvlei/
| M30402 = Hantam / Namakwa / NC / 26.91 / Calvinia/
| M30403 = Hantam / Namakwa / NC / 27,705.69 / Hantam/
| M30404 = Hantam / Namakwa / NC / 8.41 / Loeriesfontein/
| M30405 = Hantam / Namakwa / NC / 26.05 / Nieuwoudtville/
| M30501 = Karoo Hoogland / Namakwa / NC / 2.10 / Fraserburg/
| M30502 = Karoo Hoogland / Namakwa / NC / 29,284.11 / Karoo Hoogland/
| M30503 = Karoo Hoogland / Namakwa / NC / 35.95 / Sutherland/
| M30504 = Karoo Hoogland / Namakwa / NC / 77.94 / Williston/
| M30601 = Khâi-Ma / Namakwa / NC / 2.44 / Aggeneys/
| M30602 = Khâi-Ma / Namakwa / NC / 8,134.65 / KhGi-Ma/
| M30603 = Khâi-Ma / Namakwa / NC / 0.46 / Onseepkans/
| M30604 = Khâi-Ma / Namakwa / NC / 1.19 / Pella/
| M30605 = Khâi-Ma / Namakwa / NC / 160.29 / Pofadder/
| M30701 = Ubuntu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 2.21 / Loxton/
| M30702 = Ubuntu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 0.29 / Masinyausane/
| M30703 = Ubuntu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 83.05 / Richmond/
| M30704 = Ubuntu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 0.43 / Sabelo/
| M30705 = Ubuntu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 20,283.40 / Ubuntu/
| M30706 = Ubuntu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 20.31 / Victoria West/
| M30801 = Umsombomvu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 38.66 / Colesberg/
| M30802 = Umsombomvu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 1.31 / Kuyasa/
| M30803 = Umsombomvu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 1.37 / Kwazamwxolo/
| M30804 = Umsombomvu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 0.13 / Norvalspont/
| M30805 = Umsombomvu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 21.28 / Noupoort/
| M30806 = Umsombomvu / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 6,751.21 / Umsombomvu/
| M30901 = Emthanjeni / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 4.73 / Barcelona/
| M30902 = Emthanjeni / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 126.54 / Britstown/
| M30903 = Emthanjeni / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 119.16 / De Aar/
| M30904 = Emthanjeni / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 11,135.03 / Emthanjeni/
| M30905 = Emthanjeni / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 1.28 / Hanover/
| M30906 = Emthanjeni / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 0.36 / Mziwabantu/
| M30907 = Emthanjeni / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 0.73 / Nompumelelo/
| M30908 = Emthanjeni / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 1.09 / Nonzwakazi/
| M31001 = Kareeberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 8.07 / Carnarvon/
| M31002 = Kareeberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 17,681.08 / Kareeberg/
| M31003 = Kareeberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 8.54 / Van Wyksvlei/
| M31004 = Kareeberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 0.99 / Vosburg/
| M31101 = Renosterberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 1.05 / Lukhanyisweni/
| M31102 = Renosterberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 59.20 / Petrusville/
| M31103 = Renosterberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 1.83 / Phillipstown/
| M31104 = Renosterberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 5,461.75 / Renosterberg/
| M31105 = Renosterberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 0.21 / Thembinkosi/
| M31106 = Renosterberg / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 5.92 / Vanderkloof/
| M31201 = Thembelihle / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 190.21 / Hopetown/
| M31202 = Thembelihle / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 9.45 / Orania/
| M31203 = Thembelihle / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 37.99 / Strydenburg/
| M31204 = Thembelihle / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 6,740.15 / Thembelihle/
| M31301 = Siyathemba / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 2.14 / E'Thembeni/
| M31302 = Siyathemba / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 75.11 / Marydale/
| M31303 = Siyathemba / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 31.01 / Niekerkshoop/
| M31304 = Siyathemba / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 194.25 / Prieska/
| M31305 = Siyathemba / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 7,938.90 / Siyathemba/
| M31306 = Siyathemba / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 10.41 / Westerberg/
| M31401 = Siyancuma / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 1.40 / Breipaal/
| M31402 = Siyancuma / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 78.42 / Campbell/
| M31403 = Siyancuma / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 73.29 / Douglas/
| M31404 = Siyancuma / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 77.09 / Griekwastad/
| M31405 = Siyancuma / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 0.18 / Mathlomola/
| M31406 = Siyancuma / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 140.31 / Ritchie/
| M31407 = Siyancuma / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 22.75 / Schmidtsdrift/
| M31408 = Siyancuma / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 9,634.35 / Siyancuma/
| M31501 = Mier / Siyanda / NC / 0.44 / Groot Mier/
| M31502 = Mier / Siyanda / NC / 11,743.22 / Mier/
| M31503 = Mier / Siyanda / NC / 0.77 / Philandersbron/
| M31504 = Mier / Siyanda / NC / 1.51 / Rietfontein/
| M31601 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 7.88 / Alheit/
| M31602 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 4.42 / Augrabies/
| M31603 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 0.32 / Augrabies Mission/
| M31604 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 1.02 / Bloemsmond/
| M31605 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 6.57 / Cillie/
| M31606 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 7,376.80 / Kai !Garib/
| M31607 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 4.96 / Kakamas/
| M31608 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 0.26 / Kanoneiland/
| M31609 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 26.34 / Keimoes/
| M31610 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 4.24 / Kenhardt/
| M31611 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 0.16 / Lennetsville/
| M31612 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 8.61 / Louisvale/
| M31613 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 1.58 / Loxtonberg/
| M31614 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 0.25 / Lutzburg/
| M31615 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 4.86 / Marchand/
| M31616 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 0.32 / Raaswater/
| M31617 = Kai !Garib / Siyanda / NC / 1.60 / Riemvasmaak/
| M31701 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 4,262.08 / Khara Hais/
| M31702 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 0.43 / Camp Informal/
| M31703 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 0.37 / Group 23 Military Village/
| M31704 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 0.25 / Karos/
| M31705 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 0.71 / Klippunt/
| M31706 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 0.34 / Lambrechtsdrif/
| M31707 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 0.82 / Leerkrans/
| M31708 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 2.51 / Paballelo/
| M31709 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 0.53 / Straussburg/
| M31710 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 1.53 / Swartkop/
| M31711 = Khara Hais / Siyanda / NC / 38.95 / Upington/
| M31801 = !Kheis / Siyanda / NC / 5,518.68 / !Kheis/
| M31802 = !Kheis / Siyanda / NC / 0.37 / Boegoeberg/
| M31803 = !Kheis / Siyanda / NC / 0.37 / Gannaput/
| M31804 = !Kheis / Siyanda / NC / 1.26 / Groblershoop/
| M31805 = !Kheis / Siyanda / NC / 0.46 / Grootdrink/
| M31806 = !Kheis / Siyanda / NC / 0.80 / Stutterheim/
| M31807 = !Kheis / Siyanda / NC / 0.77 / Wegdraai/
| M31901 = Tsantsabane / Siyanda / NC / 0.80 / Beeshoek/
| M31902 = Tsantsabane / Siyanda / NC / 0.88 / Boitshoko/
| M31903 = Gamagara /  John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 0.62 / Ditloung/
| M31904 = Tsantsabane / Siyanda / NC / 6.90 / Glosam/
| M31905 = Tsantsabane / Siyanda / NC / 0.21 / Goedgedacht/
| M31906 = Tsantsabane / Siyanda / NC / 0.38 / Groenwater/
| M31907 = Gamagara /  John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 3.51 / Olifantshoek/
| M31908 = Tsantsabane / Siyanda / NC / 103.59 / Postmasburg/
| M31909 = Tsantsabane / Siyanda / NC / 5,830.82 / Tsantsabane/
| M31910 = Tsantsabane / Siyanda / NC / 0.03 / Vergenoeg/
| M32001 = Kgatelopele / Siyanda / NC / 22.12 / Danielskuil/
| M32002 = Kgatelopele / Siyanda / NC / 1.70 / Five Mission/
| M32003 = Kgatelopele / Siyanda / NC / 2,870.45 / Kgatelopele/
| M32004 = Kgatelopele / Siyanda / NC / 755.53 / Lime Acres/
| M32005 = Kgatelopele / Siyanda / NC / 0.47 / Tlhakalatlou/
| M32101 = Sol Plaatje / Frances Baard / NC / 17.25 / Galeshewe/
| M32102 = Sol Plaatje / Frances Baard / NC / 83.67 / Kimberley/
| M32103 = Sol Plaatje / Frances Baard / NC / 0.68 / Motswedimosa/
| M32104 = Sol Plaatje / Frances Baard / NC / 24.04 / Ritchie/
| M32105 = Sol Plaatje / Frances Baard / NC / 3.79 / Roodepan/
| M32106 = Sol Plaatje / Frances Baard / NC / 1,747.54 / Sol Plaatje/
| M32201 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 71.07 / Barkly West/
| M32202 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 0.48 / Corn's Village/
| M32203 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 22.73 / Delportshoop/
| M32204 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 2,070.03 / Dikgatlong/
| M32205 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 19.73 / Holpan/
| M32206 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 0.64 / Kutlwano/
| M32207 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 18.19 / Longlands/
| M32208 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 1.16 / Mataleng/
| M32209 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 1.73 / Sydney on Vaal/
| M32210 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 4.60 / Tidimalo/
| M32211 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 2.69 / Ulco/
| M32212 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 114.63 / Vaalbos National Park/
| M32213 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 50.02 / Windsorton/
| M32301 = Magareng / Frances Baard / NC / 1.82 / Ikutseng/
| M32302 = Magareng / Frances Baard / NC / 1,435.17 / Magareng/
| M32303 = Magareng / Frances Baard / NC / 104.65 / Warrenton/
| M32401 = Gamagara / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 8.58 / Dibeng/
| M32402 = Gamagara / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 1.56 / Dingleton/
| M32403 = Gamagara / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 2,449.38 / Gamagara/
| M32404 = Gamagara / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 8.53 / Kathu/
| M38101 = Ga-Segonyana / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 2.83 / Ga Mohana/
| M38102 = Ga-Segonyana / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 3,197.71 / Ga-Segonyana/
| M38103 = Ga-Segonyana / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 498.52 / Gathlose/
| M38104 = Ga-Segonyana / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 93.61 / Kuruman/
| M38701 = Phokwane / Frances Baard / NC / 0.26 / Andalusia Park/
| M38702 = Phokwane / Frances Baard / NC / 2.98 / Ganspan/
| M38703 = Phokwane / Frances Baard / NC / 11.41 / Hartswater/
| M38704 = Phokwane / Frances Baard / NC / 57.14 / Jan Kempdorp/
| M38705 = Phokwane / Frances Baard / NC / 720.87 / Phokwane/
| M39101 = / Namakwa / NC / 24,765.66 / Namaqualand/
| M39201 = / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 15,606.13 / Bo Karoo/
| M39202 = Siyathemba / Pixley ka Seme / NC / 84.01 / Copperton/
| M39301 = / Siyanda / NC / 57,039.80 / Benede Oranje/
| M39302 = Mier / Siyanda / NC / 8,112.78 / Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park/
| M39401 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 35.75 / Bellsbank Diamond Mines/
| M39402 = / Frances Baard / NC / 5,658.90 / Diamondfields/
| M39403 = Dikgatlong / Frances Baard / NC / 25.85 / Klein Boetsap/
| M39501 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 17.11 / Blackrock/
| M39502 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 29.92 / Hotazel/
| M39503 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 10,651.43 / Kalahari/
| M39504 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 0.90 / Van Zylsrus/
| M40101 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 0.24 / Boitumelong/
| M40102 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 0.92 / Bolokanang/
| M40103 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 0.11 / Diamant Hoogte/
| M40104 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 2.21 / Ditlhake/
| M40105 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 2.25 / Jacobsdal/
| M40106 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 33.79 / Koffiefontein/
| M40107 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 10,155.00 / Letsemeng/
| M40108 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 30.38 / Luckhoff/
| M40109 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 0.26 / Oppermans/
| M40110 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 1.99 / Petrusburg/
| M40111 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 0.62 / Ratanang/
| M40112 = Letsemeng / Xhariep / FS / 0.15 / Relebohile/
| M40201 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 51.80 / Bethulie/
| M40202 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 0.33 / Charlesville/
| M40203 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 28.33 / Edenburg/
| M40204 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 54.64 / Fauresmith/
| M40205 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 11.27 / Ha-Rasebei/
| M40206 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 0.36 / Hydro Park/
| M40207 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 0.75 / Ipopeng/
| M40208 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 1.17 / Itumeleng/
| M40209 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 1.03 / Jagersfontein/
| M40210 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 14,937.34 / Kopanong/
| M40211 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 1.19 / Lephoi/
| M40212 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 0.69 / Madikgetla/
| M40213 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 0.83 / Maphodi/
| M40214 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 3.82 / Oranjekrag/
| M40215 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 67.55 / Phillipolis/
| M40216 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 0.35 / Poding-Tse-Rolo/
| M40217 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 0.74 / Qhoweng/
| M40218 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 18.01 / Reddersburg/
| M40219 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 40.78 / Springfontein/
| M40220 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 1.27 / Trompsburg/
| M40221 = Kopanong / Xhariep / FS / 20.84 / Waterkloof/
| M40301 = Mohokare / Xhariep / FS / 1.39 / Matlakeng/
| M40302 = Mohokare / Xhariep / FS / 1.34 / Mofulatshepe/
| M40303 = Mohokare / Xhariep / FS / 8,703.43 / Mohokare/
| M40304 = Mohokare / Xhariep / FS / 1.00 / Role-le-ya-Thunya/
| M40305 = Mohokare / Xhariep / FS / 19.02 / Rouxville/
| M40306 = Mohokare / Xhariep / FS / 31.22 / Smithfield/
| M40307 = Mohokare / Xhariep / FS / 21.29 / Zastron/
| M40401 = Naledi / Xhariep / FS / 3.31 / Dewetsdorp/
| M40402 = Naledi / Xhariep / FS / 2.00 / Morojaneng/
| M40403 = Naledi / Xhariep / FS / 3,410.55 / Naledi/
| M40404 = Naledi / Xhariep / FS / 2.03 / Qibing/
| M40405 = Naledi / Xhariep / FS / 0.39 / Thapelang/
| M40406 = Naledi / Xhariep / FS / 2.07 / Van Standensrus/
| M40407 = Naledi / Xhariep / FS / 3.47 / Wepener/
| M40501 = Mangaung / / FS / 911.66 / Baralong Boo Moroka/
| M40502 = Mangaung / / FS / 287.46 / Bloemfontein/
| M40503 = Mangaung / / FS / 228.79 / Botshabelo/
| M40504 = Mangaung / / FS / 46.23 / Mangaung/
| M40505 = Mangaung / / FS / 221.37 / Morago/
| M40506 = Mangaung / / FS / 2.84 / Opkoms/
| M40507 = Mangaung / / FS / 1.97 / Peter Swart/
| M40508 = Mangaung / / FS / 2.05 / Rodenbeck/
| M40509 = Mangaung / / FS / 0.80 / Sonskyn/
| M40510 = Mangaung / / FS / 216.23 / Thaba Nchu/
| M40511 = Mangaung / / FS / 4,364.11 / Mangaung/
| M40601 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 0.42 / Borwa/
| M40602 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 0.15 / Dipeleng/
| M40603 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 11.37 / Excelsior/
| M40604 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 11.79 / Hobhouse/
| M40605 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 43.05 / Ladybrand/
| M40606 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 1.64 / Mahalatswetsa/
| M40607 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 4,213.08 / Mantsopa/
| M40608 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 2.64 / Manyatseng/
| M40609 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 2.17 / Thaba Phatshwa/
| M40610 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 0.56 / Thusanong/
| M40611 = Mantsopa / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 3.04 / Tweespruit/
| M40701 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.17 / Beatrix Mine/
| M40702 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.31 / Boipatong/
| M40703 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 3.20 / Brandfort/
| M40704 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.05 / Fora/
| M40705 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 1.07 / Ikgomotseng/
| M40706 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.11 / Joel Mine/
| M40707 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 1.40 / Lusaka/
| M40708 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 2.50 / Majwemasweu/
| M40709 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 1.35 / Makeleketla/
| M40710 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 3.02 / Masilo/
| M40711 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 6,696.44 / Masilonyana/
| M40712 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.11 / Star Diamond Mine/
| M40713 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 15.11 / Theunissen/
| M40714 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.54 / Tshepong/
| M40715 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 1.22 / Verkeerdevlei/
| M40716 = Masilonyana / Lejweleputswa / FS / 70.22 / Winburg/
| M40801 = Tokologo / Lejweleputswa / FS / 91.93 / Boshof/
| M40802 = Tokologo / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.93 / Dealesville/
| M40803 = Tokologo / Lejweleputswa / FS / 1.46 / Hertzogville/
| M40804 = Tokologo / Lejweleputswa / FS / 1.33 / Malebogo/
| M40805 = Tokologo / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.71 / Seretse/
| M40806 = Tokologo / Lejweleputswa / FS / 9,228.76 / Tokologo/
| M40807 = Tokologo / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.54 / Tswaraganang/
| M40901 = Tswelopele / Lejweleputswa / FS / 42.75 / Bultfontein/
| M40902 = Tswelopele / Lejweleputswa / FS / 28.34 / Hoopstad/
| M40903 = Tswelopele / Lejweleputswa / FS / 3.37 / Phahameng/
| M40904 = Tswelopele / Lejweleputswa / FS / 1.73 / Tikwana/
| M40905 = Tswelopele / Lejweleputswa / FS / 6,447.20 / Tswelopele/
| M41001 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 20.79 / Allanridge/
| M41002 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.44 / Erfdeel Mine/
| M41003 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 4.50 / Free State Geduld Gold Mine/
| M41004 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 7.88 / Hennenman/
| M41005 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 14.90 / Jurgenshof Unisel Gold Mine/
| M41006 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 10.11 / Kutlwanong/
| M41007 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 2.68 / Loraine Mine/
| M41008 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 4,823.22 / Matjhabeng/
| M41009 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 8.29 / Meloding/
| M41010 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 1.24 / Mmamahabane/
| M41011 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 3.28 / Nyakallong/
| M41012 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 30.29 / Odendaalsrus/
| M41013 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 2.88 / Phomolong/
| M41014 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.01 / President Brand Gold Mine/
| M41015 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 13.16 / Riebeeckstad/
| M41016 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.26 / Rustgevonden/
| M41017 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 0.97 / Saaiplaas Mine/
| M41018 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 29.33 / Thabong/
| M41019 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 16.31 / Ventersburg/
| M41020 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 74.70 / Virginia/
| M41021 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 8.23 / Virginia Mine/
| M41022 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 47.02 / Welkom/
| M41023 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 32.78 / Western Holdings Gold Mine/
| M41024 = Matjhabeng / Lejweleputswa / FS / 2.06 / Whites/
| M41101 = Nala / Lejweleputswa / FS / 34.07 / Bothaville/
| M41102 = Nala / Lejweleputswa / FS / 7.79 / Kgotsong/
| M41103 = Nala / Lejweleputswa / FS / 3.49 / Monyakeng/
| M41104 = Nala / Lejweleputswa / FS / 4,072.27 / Nala/
| M41105 = Nala / Lejweleputswa / FS / 10.46 / Wesselsbron/
| M41201 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 16.71 / Clocolan/
| M41202 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 21.63 / Ficksburg/
| M41203 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 2.25 / Hlohlolwane/
| M41204 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 0.23 / Mafeleng/
| M41205 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 1.56 / Marquard/
| M41206 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 3.65 / Matwabeng/
| M41207 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 4.13 / Meqheleng/
| M41208 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 1.86 / Moemaneng/
| M41209 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 33.40 / Senekal/
| M41210 = Setsoto / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 5,880.95 / Setsoto/
| M41301 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 17.87 / Bethlehem/
| M41302 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 11.28 / Bohlokong/
| M41303 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 2.58 / Clarens/
| M41304 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 4,655.83 / Dihlabeng/
| M41305 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 0.93 / Fateng-Tse-Ntsho/
| M41306 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 15.33 / Fouriesburg/
| M41307 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 1.37 / Masjaing/
| M41308 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 0.45 / Mautse/
| M41309 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 13.72 / Paul Roux/
| M41310 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 9.12 / Rosendal/
| M41311 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 10.54 / Vaalbank/
| M41401 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 5.51 / Arlington/
| M41402 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 0.46 / Cremona/
| M41403 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 0.82 / Leratswana/
| M41404 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 21.07 / Lindley/
| M41405 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 1.38 / Mamafubedu/
| M41406 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 5,560.92 / Nketoana/
| M41407 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 2.16 / Ntha/
| M41408 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 9.74 / Petrus Steyn/
| M41409 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 2.76 / Petsana/
| M41410 = Nketoana / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 6.51 / Reitz/
| M41501 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 2.81 / 42nd Hill/
| M41502 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 33.46 / Bolata/
| M41503 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 136.14 / Harrismith/
| M41504 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 0.82 / Intabazwe/
| M41505 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 13.54 / Kestell/
| M41506 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 25.52 / Mabolela/
| M41507 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 3,721.58 / Maluti a Phofung/
| M41508 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 79.62 / Matsieng/
| M41509 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 45.81 / Monontsha/
| M41510 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 59.58 / Namahadi/
| M41511 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 16.51 / Phomolong/
| M41512 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 38.48 / Phuthaditjhaba/
| M41513 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 43.64 / Thaba Bosiu/
| M41514 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 109.54 / Thaba Tshweu/
| M41515 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 31.30 / Thibela/
| M41516 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 1.15 / Tlholong/
| M41517 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 9.24 / Tshiame/
| M41518 = Maluti a Phofung / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 52.41 / Witsieshoek/
| M41601 = Phumelela / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 6.56 / Memel/
| M41602 = Phumelela / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 7,463.21 / Phumelela/
| M41603 = Phumelela / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 2.33 / Thembalihle/
| M41604 = Phumelela / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 54.69 / Vrede/
| M41605 = Phumelela / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 11.84 / Warden/
| M41606 = Phumelela / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 4.28 / Zamani/
| M41607 = Phumelela / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 5.15 / Zenzeleni/
| M41701 = Moqhaka / Fezile Dabi / FS / 232.04 / Kroonstad/
| M41702 = Moqhaka / Fezile Dabi / FS / 12.62 / Maokeng/
| M41703 = Moqhaka / Fezile Dabi / FS / 1.59 / Matlwangtlwang/
| M41704 = Moqhaka / Fezile Dabi / FS / 7,619.38 / Moqhaka/
| M41705 = Moqhaka / Fezile Dabi / FS / 4.03 / Rammulutsi/
| M41706 = Moqhaka / Fezile Dabi / FS / 1.66 / Steynsrus/
| M41707 = Moqhaka / Fezile Dabi / FS / 12.04 / Vaal Reefs Mine/
| M41708 = Moqhaka / Fezile Dabi / FS / 2.84 / Vierfontein/
| M41709 = Moqhaka / Fezile Dabi / FS / 13.73 / Viljoenskroon/
| M41801 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 9.25 / Edenville/
| M41802 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 26.47 / Heilbron/
| M41803 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 114.90 / Koppies/
| M41804 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 1.81 / Kwakwatsi/
| M41805 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 1.87 / Mokwallo/
| M41806 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 6,860.55 / Ngwathe/
| M41807 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 17.28 / Parys/
| M41808 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 3.10 / Phiritona/
| M41809 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 23.21 / Tumahole/
| M41810 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 19.77 / Vredefort/
| M41811 = Ngwathe / Fezile Dabi / FS / 0.88 / Ngwathe/
| M41901 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 0.58 / Bertha Village/
| M41902 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 0.69 / Coalbrook/
| M41903 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 6.50 / Deneysville/
| M41904 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 0.93 / Holly Country/
| M41905 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 1,651.37 / Metsimaholo/
| M41906 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 7.73 / Oranjeville/
| M41907 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 5.65 / Refengkgotso/
| M41908 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 0.37 / Richmond Valley/
| M41909 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 49.82 / Sasolburg/
| M41910 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 1.50 / Taaibos/
| M41911 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 0.65 / Vaal Power/
| M41912 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 2.49 / Viljoensdrift/
| M41913 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 10.21 / Zamdela/
| M41914 = Metsimaholo / Fezile Dabi / FS / 0.79 / Metsimaholo/
| M42001 = Mafube / Fezile Dabi / FS / 1.95 / Cornelia/
| M42002 = Mafube / Fezile Dabi / FS / 32.64 / Frankfort/
| M42003 = Mafube / Fezile Dabi / FS / 145.68 / Mafahlaneng/
| M42004 = Mafube / Fezile Dabi / FS / 4,371.52 / Mafube/
| M42005 = Mafube / Fezile Dabi / FS / 4.28 / Namahadi/
| M42006 = Mafube / Fezile Dabi / FS / 0.36 / Ntshwanatsatsi/
| M42007 = Mafube / Fezile Dabi / FS / 1.95 / Qalabotjha/
| M42008 = Mafube / Fezile Dabi / FS / 24.27 / Villiers/
| M49101 = Dihlabeng / Thabo Mofutsanyane / FS / 61.04 / Golden Gate Highlands National Park/
| M50101 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 22.43 / Cele/
| M50102 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 60.83 / Emandleni/
| M50103 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 86.46 / Ezembeni/
| M50104 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 66.40 / Isimahla/
| M50105 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 14.78 / Izimpethu Endlovu/
| M50106 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 15.97 / Izimpethu Zendlovu &amp; EM/
| M50107 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 44.86 / Mapumulo/
| M50108 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 49.52 / Mbhele/
| M50109 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 16.96 / Nyuswa/
| M50110 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 49.16 / Qiko/
| M50111 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 104.87 / Thoyana/
| M50112 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 8.11 / Ukuthula/
| M50113 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 36.06 / Umzinto/
| M50114 = Vulamehlo / Ugu / ZN / 395.50 / Vulamehlo/
| M50201 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 1.36 / Bazley Beach/
| M50202 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 25.55 / Cele/
| M50203 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 1.58 / Elysium/
| M50204 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 20.69 / Emalangeni/
| M50205 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 24.62 / Ezembeni/
| M50206 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 0.49 / Ifafa Beach/
| M50207 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 0.50 / Ifafa Marina/
| M50208 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 5.93 / Kelso/
| M50209 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 2.84 / Mtwalume/
| M50210 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 7.78 / Park Rynie/
| M50211 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 2.47 / Pennington/
| M50212 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 5.38 / Scottburgh/
| M50213 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 7.36 / Sezela/
| M50214 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 118.87 / Umdoni/
| M50215 = Umdoni / Ugu / ZN / 12.50 / Umzinto/
| M50301 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 9.38 / Bhekani/
| M50302 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 275.53 / Cele/
| M50303 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 39.27 / Dungeni/
| M50304 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 41.85 / Emandleni/
| M50305 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 19.89 / Hlongwa/
| M50306 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 62.10 / Mbhele / Amaphuthu/
| M50307 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 107.60 / Ndelu/
| M50308 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 83.03 / Nhlangwini/
| M50309 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 171.52 / Nyavini/
| M50310 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 54.51 / Qoloqolo/
| M50311 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 57.40 / Qwabe P/
| M50312 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 15.89 / Shiyabanye/
| M50313 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 113.56 / St Faith/
| M50314 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 89.76 / Thulini/
| M50315 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 2.93 / Umzinto/
| M50316 = Umzumbe / Ugu / ZN / 115.89 / Umzumbe/
| M50401 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 100.82 / Dlamini/
| M50402 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 23.22 / Duma/
| M50403 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 32.63 / Harding/
| M50404 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 19.47 / Machi/
| M50405 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 206.63 / Machi/Zibonda/
| M50406 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 61.60 / Mbotho/
| M50407 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 89.85 / Nhlangano/
| M50408 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 2.00 / Nyuswa/
| M50409 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 0.77 / Quebela/
| M50410 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 4.74 / Shwawu/
| M50411 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 545.76 / uMuziwabantu/
| M50412 = uMuziwabantu / Ugu / ZN / 1.03 / Weza/
| M50501 = Ezingoleni / Ugu / ZN / 309.46 / Ezingoleni/
| M50502 = Ezingoleni / Ugu / ZN / 120.25 / Mthimude/
| M50503 = Ezingoleni / Ugu / ZN / 9.59 / Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve/
| M50504 = Ezingoleni / Ugu / ZN / 121.97 / Qinisela Manyuswa/
| M50505 = Ezingoleni / Ugu / ZN / 84.87 / Vuxuzithathe/
| M50601 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 1.20 / Anerley/
| M50602 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 0.24 / Brevo/
| M50603 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 3.45 / Gamalakhe/
| M50604 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 4.67 / Hibberdene/
| M50605 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 358.15 / Hibiscus Coast/
| M50606 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 167.84 / Kwaxolo/
| M50607 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 14.79 / Lushaba/
| M50608 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 33.24 / Madlala/
| M50609 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 6.78 / Marburg/
| M50610 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 10.05 / Margate/
| M50611 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 1.13 / Marina Beach/
| M50612 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 25.49 / Mavundla/
| M50613 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 1.17 / Melville/
| M50614 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 18.82 / Mt Amvuna Nature Reserve/
| M50615 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 1.67 / Munster/
| M50616 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 34.77 / Nsimbini/Ndwalane/
| M50617 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 46.38 / Nzimakwe/
| M50618 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 3.13 / Oslo Beach/
| M50619 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 15.54 / Port Edward/
| M50620 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 7.67 / Port Shepstone/
| M50621 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 1.92 / Pumula/
| M50622 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 6.03 / Ramsgate/
| M50623 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 1.75 / San Lameer/
| M50624 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 3.10 / Sea Park/
| M50625 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 7.81 / Sentombi/
| M50626 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 5.77 / Shelly Beach/
| M50627 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 10.30 / Southbroom/
| M50628 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 1.97 / Southport/
| M50629 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 0.50 / Sunwich Port/
| M50630 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 4.89 / Trafalgar/
| M50631 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 10.11 / Umtentweni/
| M50632 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 9.64 / Umzinto/
| M50633 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 2.30 / Umzumbe/
| M50634 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 10.35 / Uvongo/
| M50635 = Hibiscus Coast / Ugu / ZN / 8.01 / Port Shepstone/
| M50701 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 3.52 / Albert Falls/
| M50702 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 6.61 / Bomvu/
| M50703 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1.01 / Cool Air/
| M50704 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1.35 / Dalton/
| M50705 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 175.86 / Gcumisa/
| M50706 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 21.69 / Mpolweni/
| M50707 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 59.14 / Mthuli/
| M50708 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 4.91 / Nadi/
| M50709 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 6.06 / Ndlovu/
| M50710 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 2.25 / New Hanover/
| M50711 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 40.89 / Ngubane/
| M50712 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 32.28 / Ntanzi/
| M50713 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 2.12 / Thokozane/
| M50714 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 2.13 / Trust Feed/
| M50715 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1,438.11 / uMshwathi/
| M50716 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1.87 / Wartburg/
| M50717 = uMshwathi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 9.48 / Nadi/
| M50801 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 12.92 / Hilton/
| M50802 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 12.80 / Howick/
| M50803 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 7.60 / Karkloof Nature Reserve/
| M50804 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 2.85 / Kwamavana/
| M50805 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 0.48 / Lidgetton/
| M50806 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 5.58 / Mashingeni/
| M50807 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 0.16 / Mathandubisi/
| M50808 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 80.75 / Midmar Nature Reserve/
| M50809 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 7.16 / Mount Michael/
| M50810 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 5.10 / Mpophomeni/
| M50811 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 6.81 / Nxamalala/
| M50812 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 28.58 / Umgeni Valley Nature Reserve/
| M50813 = uMngeni / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1,394.00 / uMngeni/
| M50901 = Mooi Mpofana / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1,642.85 / Mooi Mpofana/
| M50902 = Mooi Mpofana / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 13.42 / Mooi River/
| M50903 = Mooi Mpofana / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1.49 / Rossetta/
| M51001 = Impendle / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 13.14 / Batlokoa/
| M51002 = Impendle / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 674.08 / Impendle/
| M51003 = Impendle / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 234.17 / Nxamalala/
| M51004 = Impendle / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 2.53 / Polela/
| M51005 = Impendle / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 20.39 / Impendle/
| M51006 = Impendle / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1.25 / Impendle/
| M51101 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 3.03 / Ashdown/
| M51102 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 50.53 / Edendale/
| M51103 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 23.40 / Imbali/
| M51104 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 87.25 / Inadi/
| M51105 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 60.55 / Mafunze/
| M51106 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 97.56 / Mpumuza/
| M51107 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 144.53 / Msunduzi/
| M51108 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 12.94 / Nxamalala/
| M51109 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 160.99 / Pietermaritzburg/
| M51110 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1.07 / Sobantu/
| M51111 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 0.43 / Wilgerfontein/
| M51112 = Msunduzi / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 5.51 / Ximba/
| M51201 = Mkhambathini / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 2.19 / Camperdown/
| M51202 = Mkhambathini / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 145.40 / Embo/
| M51203 = Mkhambathini / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 2.15 / Ilanga/
| M51204 = Mkhambathini / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 15.01 / Macala/
| M51205 = Mkhambathini / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 54.95 / Mapumulu/
| M51206 = Mkhambathini / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 58.85 / Mdluli/
| M51207 = Mkhambathini / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 638.19 / Mkhambathini/
| M51301 = Richmond / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 18.25 / Esiphahleni/
| M51302 = Richmond / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 1,047.71 / Richmond/
| M51303 = Richmond / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 101.88 / Vumakwenza/
| M51304 = Richmond / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 26.84 / Vumindaba/
| M51305 = Richmond / Umgungundlovu / ZN / 37.38 / Richmond/
| M51401 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /245.25 / Abantungwa/Kholwa/
| M51402 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /4.90 / Colenso/
| M51403 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /2,350.72 / Emnambithi/Ladysmith/
| M51404 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /39.00 / Ezakheni/
| M51405 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /107.21 / Kliprivier/
| M51406 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /2.80 / Kliprivier NU/
| M51407 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /91.97 / Ladysmith/
| M51408 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /34.42 / Mchunu/
| M51409 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /80.70 / Mthembu/
| M51410 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /2.43 / Mvelani/
| M51411 = Emnambithi-Ladysmith / Uthukela / ZN /4.86 / Nkankezi/
| M51501 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 2.62 / Ekuvukeni/
| M51502 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 103.75 / Indaka/
| M51503 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 75.19 / Ingwe/
| M51504 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 1.04 / Kliprivier/
| M51505 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 83.50 / Mabaso/
| M51506 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 15.32 / Mbhense/
| M51507 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 107.28 / Mchunu/
| M51508 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 338.79 / Mthembu/
| M51509 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 45.61 / Nxumalo/
| M51510 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 19.00 / Sgweje/
| M51511 = Indaka / Uthukela / ZN / 199.91 / Sithole/
| M51601 = Umtshezi / Uthukela / ZN / 14.47 / Estcourt/
| M51602 = Umtshezi / Uthukela / ZN / 14.45 / Khwezi/
| M51603 = Umtshezi / Uthukela / ZN / 0.99 / Kwanobamba/
| M51604 = Umtshezi / Uthukela / ZN / 2,079.51 / Umtshezi/
| M51605 = Umtshezi / Uthukela / ZN / 2.24 / Weenen/
| M51606 = Umtshezi / Uthukela / ZN / 18.29 / Wembezi/
| M51701 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 737.10 / Amangwane/
| M51702 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 95.71 / Amazizi/
| M51703 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 80.11 / Bergville/
| M51704 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 0.40 / Drakensberg/
| M51705 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 1.41 / Driefontein/
| M51706 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 4.79 / Estcourt/
| M51707 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 1.08 / Geluksburg/
| M51708 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 0.63 / Jagersrust/
| M51709 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 142.17 / Northern Natal Drakensberg/
| M51710 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 2,365.82 / Okhahlamba/
| M51711 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 7.66 / Rugged Glen Nature Reserve/
| M51712 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 41.63 / Spioenkop Dam Nature Reserve/
| M51713 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 0.48 / Van Reenen/
| M51714 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 1.81 / Winterton/
| M51715 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 2.53 / Bergville/
| M51801 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 45.88 / Abambo/
| M51802 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 285.43 / Amangwe/
| M51803 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 25.29 / Dlamini/
| M51804 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 66.27 / Estcourt/
| M51805 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 29.71 / Hlubi/
| M51806 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 284.42 / Imbabazane/
| M51807 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 46.71 / Mabaso/
| M51808 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 59.10 / Mhlungwini/
| M51809 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 9.79 / Zwelisha/
| M51901 = Endumeni / Umzinyathi / ZN / 46.60 / Dundee/
| M51902 = Endumeni / Umzinyathi / ZN / 1,530.06 / Endumeni/
| M51903 = Endumeni / Umzinyathi / ZN / 0.06 / eSbongile/
| M51904 = Endumeni / Umzinyathi / ZN / 1.33 / eSibongile/
| M51905 = Endumeni / Umzinyathi / ZN / 25.23 / Glencoe/
| M51906 = Endumeni / Umzinyathi / ZN / 1.20 / Sbongile/
| M51907 = Endumeni / Umzinyathi / ZN / 1.42 / Sithembile/
| M51908 = Endumeni / Umzinyathi / ZN / 6.29 / Wasbank/
| M52001 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 88.20 / Buthanani/
| M52002 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 250.76 / Emandleni/
| M52003 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 46.00 / Godide/
| M52004 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 49.50 / Hlatshwayo/
| M52005 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 168.71 / Khiphinkunzi/
| M52006 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 39.48 / Mangidini/
| M52007 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 81.09 / Mbokodwebomvu/
| M52008 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 547.55 / Molefe/
| M52009 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 7.61 / Nondweni/
| M52010 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 40.69 / Nqutu/
| M52011 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 94.34 / Vulindlela/
| M52012 = Nqutu / Umzinyathi / ZN / 40.03 / Zondi/
| M52201 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 85.54 / Baso/
| M52202 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 371.75 / Bomvu/
| M52203 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 367.35 / Chunu/
| M52204 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 9.63 / Gwazumlungu Nlovu/
| M52205 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 9.75 / Khanyile/
| M52206 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 10.80 / Majozi/
| M52207 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 5.49 / Mawuzini/
| M52208 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 737.60 / Msinga/
| M52209 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 151.80 / Mthembu/
| M52210 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 4.02 / Mtungwa/
| M52211 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 3.90 / Ngome/
| M52212 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 93.45 / Ngubane/
| M52213 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 8.93 / Othame/
| M52214 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 7.01 / Pomeroy/
| M52215 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 628.90 / Qamu/
| M52216 = Msinga / Umzinyathi / ZN / 6.07 / Qizi Mtshshali/
| M52301 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 352.14 / Amakhabela/
| M52302 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 120.15 / Bomvu/
| M52303 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 26.60 / Cele Nhlangwini/
| M52304 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 1.45 / Enhlalakahle/
| M52305 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 6.83 / Greytown/
| M52306 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 12.24 / Hlongwa/
| M52307 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 1.47 / Kranskop/
| M52308 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 28.54 / Mgome/
| M52309 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 54.98 / Mthembu/
| M52310 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 75.63 / Ngcolosi/
| M52311 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 6.91 / Ntanzi/
| M52312 = Umvoti / Umzinyathi / ZN / 1,824.16 / Umvoti/
| M52401 = Newcastle / Amajuba / ZN / 18.48 / Charlestown/
| M52402 = Newcastle / Amajuba / ZN / 108.11 / Hlubi/
| M52403 = Newcastle / Amajuba / ZN / 25.15 / Madadeni/
| M52404 = Newcastle / Amajuba / ZN / 199.06 / Newcastle/
| M52405 = Newcastle / Amajuba / ZN / 4.90 / Ngagane/
| M52406 = Newcastle / Amajuba / ZN / 15.35 / Osizweni/
| M52408 = Newcastle / Amajuba / ZN / 1,483.87 / Newcastle/
| M52501 = eMadlangeni / Amajuba / ZN / 3,462.16 / Utrecht/
| M52502 = eMadlangeni / Amajuba / ZN / 19.01 / Waterval/
| M52503 = eMadlangeni / Amajuba / ZN / 57.60 / Utrecht/
| M52601 = Dannhauser / Amajuba / ZN / 1,064.45 / Dannhauser/
| M52602 = Dannhauser / Amajuba / ZN / 19.49 / Durnacol/
| M52603 = Dannhauser / Amajuba / ZN / 0.30 / Ekudabuleni/
| M52604 = Dannhauser / Amajuba / ZN / 50.47 / Gule/
| M52605 = Dannhauser / Amajuba / ZN / 2.67 / Hattingspruit/
| M52606 = Dannhauser / Amajuba / ZN / 360.59 / Hlubi/
| M52607 = Dannhauser / Amajuba / ZN / 17.72 / Dannhauser/
| M52701 = eDumbe / Zululand / ZN / 294.31 / Dlamini/
| M52702 = eDumbe / Zululand / ZN / 2.67 / Dumbe/
| M52703 = eDumbe / Zululand / ZN / 1,570.30 / eDumbe/
| M52704 = eDumbe / Zululand / ZN / 69.25 / Mthethwa/
| M52705 = eDumbe / Zululand / ZN / 2.20 / Paulpietersburg/
| M52706 = eDumbe / Zululand / ZN / 8.75 / Pongola Bush Nature Reserve/
| M52801 = uPhongolo / Zululand / ZN / 59.89 / Dlamini/
| M52802 = uPhongolo / Zululand / ZN / 251.71 / Itala Nature Reserve/
| M52803 = uPhongolo / Zululand / ZN / 140.19 / Msibi/
| M52804 = uPhongolo / Zululand / ZN / 258.14 / Ntshangase/
| M52805 = uPhongolo / Zululand / ZN / 4.66 / Pongola/
| M52806 = uPhongolo / Zululand / ZN / 258.68 / Sibiya/Masidla/
| M52807 = uPhongolo / Zululand / ZN / 67.64 / Simelane/
| M52808 = uPhongolo / Zululand / ZN / 2,190.35 / uPhongolo/
| M52901 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 3,389.45 / Abaqulusi/
| M52902 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 3.67 / Bhekuzulu/
| M52903 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 3.02 / Coronation/
| M52904 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 5.78 / eMondlo/
| M52905 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 2.60 / Enyati Anthracide Mine/
| M52906 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 265.13 / Hlahlindlela/
| M52907 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 24.17 / Hlobane/
| M52908 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 1.08 / Kandas Prison/
| M52909 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 194.23 / Khambi/
| M52910 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 12.70 / Louwsburg/
| M52911 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 4.49 / Ndebele/
| M52912 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 183.77 / Ngotshe/
| M52913 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 16.74 / Vryheid/
| M52914 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 16.12 / Vulindlela/
| M52915 = Abaqulusi / Zululand / ZN / 60.70 / Zulu/Khambi/
| M53001 = Nongoma / Zululand / ZN / 1,334.31 / Mandlakazi/
| M53002 = Nongoma / Zululand / ZN / 231.88 / Matheni/
| M53003 = Nongoma / Zululand / ZN / 10.13 / Nongoma/
| M53004 = Nongoma / Zululand / ZN / 609.02 / Usuthu/
| M53101 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 6.54 / Babanango/
| M53102 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 464.49 / Buthelezi Empithimpithini/
| M53103 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 13.60 / Inhlazatje/
| M53104 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 5.91 / Kwazunyawo/
| M53105 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 8.21 / Mahlabatini/
| M53106 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 124.05 / Mbatha/
| M53107 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 158.64 / Mpungose/
| M53108 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 93.44 / Ndebele/
| M53109 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 684.56 / Nobamba/
| M53110 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 3.48 / Simelane/
| M53111 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 10.27 / Ulundi/
| M53112 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 298.34 / Ximba/
| M53113 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 321.98 / Zungu/
| M53114 = Ulundi / Zululand / ZN / 1,561.36 / Ulundi/
| M53201 = Umhlabuyalingana / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 543.41 / Mabaso/
| M53202 = Umhlabuyalingana / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 20.79 / Manukuza/Jobe/
| M53203 = Umhlabuyalingana / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 708.01 / Mashabane/
| M53204 = Umhlabuyalingana / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 13.69 / Ndumu Game Reserve/
| M53205 = Umhlabuyalingana / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 1,909.15 / Tembe/
| M53206 = Umhlabuyalingana / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 275.27 / Tembe Elephant Reserve/
| M53207 = Umhlabuyalingana / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 202.24 / Zikhali/Mbila/
| M53301 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 1.72 / Ingwavuma/
| M53302 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 523.02 / Jozini/
| M53303 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 280.65 / Manukuza/Jobe/
| M53304 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 435.13 / Mathenjwa/
| M53305 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 1.04 / Mkuze/
| M53306 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 277.82 / Mngomezulu/
| M53307 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 138.34 / Myeni/Ngwenya/
| M53308 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 172.91 / Myeni/Ntsinde/
| M53309 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 110.43 / Ndumu Game Reserve/
| M53310 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 909.85 / Nyawo/
| M53311 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 238.22 / Sqakatha/
| M53312 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 0.45 / Jozini/
| M53401 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 30.01 / Hlabisa/
| M53402 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 7.11 / Hluhluwe/
| M53403 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 0.78 / Hluhluwe Township/
| M53404 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 72.29 / Makhasa/
| M53405 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 30.75 / Mdletshe/
| M53406 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 111.28 / Mnqobokazi/
| M53407 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 99.98 / Nibela/
| M53408 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 809.11 / The Big 5 False Bay/
| M53501 = Hlabisa / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 133.62 / Abakwahlabisa/
| M53502 = Hlabisa / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 1.14 / Hlabisa/
| M53503 = Hlabisa / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 375.17 / Mdletshe/
| M53504 = Hlabisa / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 114.83 / Mpembeni/
| M53505 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 796.90 / Mpukunyoni/
| M53601 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 3.51 / Dukuduku/
| M53602 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 155.88 / Dukuduku State Forest/
| M53603 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 0.62 / Honeydale/
| M53604 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 9.66 / Mpukunyoni/
| M53605 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 1.40 / Msane/
| M53606 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 211.47 / Mtubatuba/
| M53607 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 221.22 / Nyalazi State Forest/
| M53608 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 36.91 / Sokhulu/
| M53609 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 2.82 / St Lucia/
| M53610 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 18.85 / St Lucia Estuary/
| M53611 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 36.47 / Umfolozi/
| M53612 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 4.67 / Mtubatuba/
| M53701 = Mbonambi / Uthungulu / ZN / 2.35 / KwaMbonambi/
| M53702 = Mbonambi / Uthungulu / ZN / 62.25 / Kwambonambi Forest Reserve/
| M53703 = Mbonambi / Uthungulu / ZN / 52.78 / Mapelane Nature Reserve/
| M53704 = Mbonambi / Uthungulu / ZN / 86.04 / Mbonambi/
| M53705 = Mbonambi / Uthungulu / ZN / 515.65 / Mhlana/
| M53706 = Mbonambi / Uthungulu / ZN / 98.17 / Sokhulu/
| M53707 = Mbonambi / Uthungulu / ZN / 391.24 / Mbonambi/
| M53801 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 12.82 / Bejani/
| M53802 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 53.95 / Dube/
| M53803 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 14.00 / Empangeni/
| M53804 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 5.90 / Esikhawini/
| M53805 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 14.32 / Khoza/
| M53806 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 56.58 / Kwambonambi Forest Reserve/
| M53807 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 66.29 / Mkhwanazi/
| M53808 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 31.86 / Nkwanazi/
| M53809 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 1.30 / Nseleni/
| M53810 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 75.80 / Richards Bay/
| M53811 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 0.42 / Richards Bay/
| M53812 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 21.19 / Richards Bay/
| M53813 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 339.73 / uMhlathuze/
| M53814 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 27.89 / Umlalazi Nature Reserve/
| M53815 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 2.44 / Vulindlela/
| M53816 = uMhlathuze / Uthungulu / ZN / 71.06 / Zungu/Madlebe/
| M53901 = Ntambanana / Uthungulu / ZN / 22.61 / Bhukhanana/
| M53902 = Ntambanana / Uthungulu / ZN / 508.06 / Biyela/
| M53903 = Ntambanana / Uthungulu / ZN / 56.57 / Cebekhulu/
| M53904 = Ntambanana / Uthungulu / ZN / 66.50 / Mambuka/
| M53905 = Ntambanana / Uthungulu / ZN / 7.28 / Mhlana/
| M53906 = Ntambanana / Uthungulu / ZN / 330.93 / Ntambanana/
| M53907 = Ntambanana / Uthungulu / ZN / 92.86 / Somopho/
| M54001 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 1.38 / Amatikulu/
| M54002 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 126.37 / Bangindoda/
| M54003 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 7.32 / Bhekabelungu Biyela/
| M54004 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 79.53 / Bhekeshowe/
| M54005 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 1.44 / Dinuzulu/
| M54006 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 6.86 / Emangidini/
| M54007 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 7.15 / Entembeni/
| M54008 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 16.33 / Eshowe/
| M54009 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 2.29 / Gingindlovu/
| M54010 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 69.39 / Khoza/
| M54011 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 19.38 / Kolweni/
| M54012 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 20.46 / KwaMondi/
| M54013 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 138.88 / Mombeni/
| M54014 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 173.38 / Mpungose/
| M54015 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 2.72 / Mpushini Park/
| M54016 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 10.59 / Mtunzini/
| M54017 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 91.28 / Mvuzane/
| M54018 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 2.72 / Mxhwanazi/
| M54019 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 241.85 / Mzimela/
| M54020 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 48.67 / Ndlangubo/
| M54021 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 329.56 / Ntuli/
| M54022 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 85.39 / Nzuza/
| M54023 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 5.99 / Sabeka/
| M54024 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 109.20 / Shange/
| M54025 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 14.29 / Sikhonyane/
| M54026 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 39.02 / Umgoye Forest/
| M54027 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 540.21 / uMlalazi/
| M54028 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 7.85 / Vuma/
| M54029 = uMlalazi / Uthungulu / ZN / 14.62 / Zulu/
| M54101 = Mthonjaneni / Uthungulu / ZN / 8.25 / Biyela Kwanguye/
| M54102 = Mthonjaneni / Uthungulu / ZN / 271.17 / Entembeni/
| M54103 = Mthonjaneni / Uthungulu / ZN / 6.30 / Kwanguye/
| M54104 = Mthonjaneni / Uthungulu / ZN / 12.10 / Melmoth/
| M54105 = Mthonjaneni / Uthungulu / ZN / 17.64 / Mnanyando/
| M54106 = Mthonjaneni / Uthungulu / ZN / 672.29 / Mthonjaneni/
| M54107 = Mthonjaneni / Uthungulu / ZN / 22.88 / Obuka/
| M54108 = Mthonjaneni / Uthungulu / ZN / 1.34 / Thubalethu/
| M54109 = Mthonjaneni / Uthungulu / ZN / 73.57 / Yanguya/
| M54201 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 31.60 / Chube/
| M54202 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 55.24 / Chwezi/
| M54203 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 70.12 / Cube/
| M54204 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 113.78 / Cunu/
| M54205 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 53.94 / Ekhukhanyeni/
| M54206 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 98.98 / Emangidini/
| M54207 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 128.17 / Godide/
| M54208 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 6.90 / Halambu/
| M54209 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 6.11 / Isilokomane/
| M54210 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 38.43 / Izigqoza/
| M54211 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 7.74 / Izindlozi/
| M54212 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 6.06 / Kahile/
| M54213 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 93.65 / Khabela/
| M54214 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 11.57 / Kwamkwaza/
| M54215 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 12.49 / Magwaza/
| M54216 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 58.39 / Mahlayizeni/
| M54217 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 101.54 / Mangidini/
| M54218 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 46.26 / Mbhele/Amphuti/
| M54219 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 14.05 / Mdimela/
| M54220 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 5.94 / Mhlatuze/
| M54221 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 109.66 / Mpungose/
| M54222 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 10.10 / Murasie/
| M54223 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 12.54 / Ndikwe/
| M54224 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 10.56 / Ndindini/
| M54225 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 203.07 / Ngono/
| M54226 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 210.92 / Nkandla/
| M54227 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 10.77 / Nkonisa/
| M54228 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 8.20 / Nkweme/
| M54229 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 56.28 / Ntuli/
| M54230 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 58.22 / Nxamalala/
| M54231 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 11.45 / Uxutu/
| M54232 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 9.30 / Vumanhlamvu/
| M54233 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 37.58 / Xulu/
| M54234 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 10.66 / Zindunduzeli/
| M54235 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 14.18 / Zinkuzini/
| M54236 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 44.38 / Zondi/
| M54237 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 3.97 / Nkandla/
| M54238 = Nkandla / Uthungulu / ZN / 44.61 / Nkandla/
| M54301 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 160.30 / eNdondakusuka/
| M54302 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 24.74 / Hlomendini/
| M54303 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 161.89 / Macambini/
| M54304 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 10.05 / Mandini/
| M54305 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 68.93 / Mathonsi/
| M54306 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 28.32 / Ntunzini/
| M54307 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 99.53 / Sikhonyane/
| M54308 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 8.76 / Sundumbili/
| M54309 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 12.46 / Tugela/
| M54310 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 0.59 / Tugela Mouth/
| M54311 = eNdondakusuka / Ilembe / ZN / 4.26 / Umlalazi Nature Reserve/
| M54401 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 5.66 / Ballito/
| M54402 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 0.63 / Blythedale Beach/
| M54403 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 18.19 / Darnall/
| M54404 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 490.62 / KwaDukuza/
| M54405 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 11.49 / Mathonsi/
| M54406 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 19.54 / Qwabe (Madundube)/
| M54407 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 3.03 / Salt Rock/
| M54408 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 0.69 / Shaka's Rock/
| M54409 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 2.06 / Shakaskraal/
| M54410 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 77.71 / Stanger/
| M54411 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 0.67 / Tinley Manor Beach/
| M54412 = KwaDukuza / Ilembe / ZN / 1.36 / Zinkwazi Beach/
| M54501 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 58.57 / Amalanga/
| M54502 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 12.13 / Chili/
| M54503 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 4.49 / Cibane/
| M54504 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 54.99 / Gcwensa/
| M54505 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 7.94 / Hlophe/
| M54506 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 158.70 / Inkumba/KwaNyuswa/
| M54507 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 48.85 / Iqadi/
| M54508 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 12.40 / Khumalo/
| M54509 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 24.97 / Luthuli/
| M54510 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 13.73 / Mangangeni/Vumazonke/
| M54511 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 40.53 / Mathonsi/
| M54512 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 127.66 / Mlamuli Nyuswa/
| M54513 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 193.48 / Ndwedwe/
| M54514 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 17.15 / Ngcolosi/
| M54515 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 43.68 / Ngongoma/Mavela/
| M54516 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 60.39 / Nhlangwini/
| M54517 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 45.27 / Nodunga/
| M54518 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 74.47 / Nyuswa/Nodwengu/
| M54519 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 18.75 / Qadi/
| M54520 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 23.06 / Qwabe (Madundube)/
| M54521 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 8.90 / Qwabe N/
| M54522 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 54.62 / Shangase/
| M54523 = Ndwedwe / Ilembe / ZN / 51.62 / Wosiyane/
| M54601 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 27.75 / Amabhedu/
| M54602 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 21.80 / Cele/
| M54603 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 38.96 / Embo/
| M54604 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 33.88 / Hlongwa/
| M54605 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 118.39 / Mabomvini/
| M54606 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 255.76 / Mkhonto/
| M54607 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 9.62 / Mpungose/
| M54608 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 177.93 / Ngcolosi/
| M54609 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 58.95 / Nodunga/
| M54610 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 30.28 / Qadi/
| M54611 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 80.50 / Qwabe/Waterfall/
| M54612 = Maphumulo / Ilembe / ZN / 41.25 / Zubane/
| M54701 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 20.29 / Amacala Gwala/
| M54702 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 29.09 / Amangwane/
| M54703 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 283.82 / Bhidla/
| M54704 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 4.03 / Bulwer/
| M54705 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 3.49 / Creighton/
| M54706 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 0.92 / Donnybrook/
| M54707 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 81.96 / Esibonelo Esihle/
| M54708 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 211.66 / Impendle/
| M54709 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 1,008.65 / Ingwe/
| M54710 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 16.75 / Ixopo/
| M54711 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 59.00 / Madzikone/
| M54712 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 87.40 / Memela/
| M54713 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 35.43 / Ncwadi/
| M54714 = Impendle / Sisonke / ZN / 3.67 / Nxamalala/
| M54715 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 42.72 / Sandanezwe/
| M54716 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 2.03 / Tarsvaly/
| M54717 = Ingwe / Sisonke / ZN / 79.29 / Zashuke/
| M54801 = Kwa Sani / Sisonke / ZN / 40.43 / Batlokoa/
| M54802 = Kwa Sani / Sisonke / ZN / 8.33 / Himeville/
| M54803 = Impendle / Sisonke / ZN / 41.99 / Isiminza/
| M54804 = Kwa Sani / Sisonke / ZN / 1,062.85 / Kwa Sani/
| M54805 = Impendle / Sisonke / ZN / 2.25 / Nxamalala/
| M54806 = Kwa Sani / Sisonke / ZN / 19.93 / Underberg/
| M54807 = Impendle / Sisonke / ZN / 0.54 / Vergelegen Nature Reserve/
| M54808 = Kwa Sani / Sisonke / ZN / 3.27 / Underberg/
| M54901 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 12.19 / Cedarville/
| M54902 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 0.87 / Harry Gwala Park/
| M54903 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 0.40 / Itsokolele/
| M54904 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 6.74 / Matatiele/
| M54905 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 0.15 / Mzingisi/
| M54906 = Matatiele / Alfred Nzo / EC / 1,396.30 / Matatiele/
| M55001 = Greater Kokstad / Sisonke / ZN / 2.17 / Bhongweni/
| M55002 = Greater Kokstad / Sisonke / ZN / 2,660.74 / Greater Kokstad/
| M55003 = Greater Kokstad / Sisonke / ZN / 9.84 / Kokstad/
| M55004 = Greater Kokstad / Sisonke / ZN / 10.14 / Mount Currie/
| M55101 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 40.53 / Amakhuze/
| M55102 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 19.13 / Dlamini/Vusathina Mazulu/
| M55103 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 47.70 / Dunge/
| M55104 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 48.56 / Ikhwezi/Lokusa/
| M55105 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 6.24 / Ixopo/
| M55106 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 10.23 / Izimpethu Endlovu/
| M55107 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 72.47 / Mjoli/Mawushe(Sizwe Hlanganani)/
| M55108 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 33.78 / Nyuswa/
| M55109 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 85.96 / Shiyabanye/Nhlangwini/
| M55110 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 1,091.78 / Ubuhlebezwe/
| M55111 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 20.04 / Ukuthula/
| M55112 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 55.92 / Vukani/
| M55113 = Ubuhlebezwe / Sisonke / ZN / 94.13 / Vumakwenza/Sangcwaba/
| M57201 = eThekwini / / ZN / 1.56 / Adams Mission/
| M57202 = eThekwini / / ZN / 17.75 / Amalanga/
| M57203 = eThekwini / / ZN / 10.16 / Amanzimtoti/
| M57204 = eThekwini / / ZN / 1.39 / Amaotana/
| M57205 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.94 / Amawoti/
| M57206 = eThekwini / / ZN / 34.03 / Assegay/
| M57207 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.54 / Blackburn/
| M57208 = eThekwini / / ZN / 7.38 / Bothas Hill/
| M57209 = eThekwini / / ZN / 19.85 / Cato Ridge/
| M57210 = eThekwini / / ZN / 63.16 / Cele/Vumengazi/
| M57211 = eThekwini / / ZN / 47.05 / Chatsworth/
| M57212 = eThekwini / / ZN / 8.66 / Cibane/
| M57213 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.79 / Clansthal/
| M57214 = eThekwini / / ZN / 9.19 / Clermont/
| M57215 = eThekwini / / ZN / 5.38 / Dassenhoek/
| M57216 = eThekwini / / ZN / 2.06 / Desainager/
| M57217 = eThekwini / / ZN / 16.41 / Drummond/
| M57218 = eThekwini / / ZN / 226.51 / Durban/
| M57219 = eThekwini / / ZN / 9.03 / Elangeni/
| M57220 = eThekwini / / ZN / 39.60 / Emalangeni/
| M57221 = eThekwini / / ZN / 66.57 / Embo/Nksa Isimahla/
| M57222 = eThekwini / / ZN / 3.84 / Emona/
| M57223 = eThekwini / / ZN / 352.66 / Ethekwini/
| M57224 = eThekwini / / ZN / 14.39 / Ezembeni/
| M57225 = eThekwini / / ZN / 3.46 / Folweni/
| M57226 = eThekwini / / ZN / 3.81 / Gcumisa/
| M57227 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.95 / Genazano/
| M57228 = eThekwini / / ZN / 1.37 / Hambanathi/
| M57229 = eThekwini / / ZN / 1.79 / Hazelmere/
| M57230 = eThekwini / / ZN / 10.01 / Hillcrest/
| M57231 = eThekwini / / ZN / 12.60 / Ilanga/
| M57232 = eThekwini / / ZN / 24.43 / Inanda/
| M57233 = eThekwini / / ZN / 10.81 / Inchanga/
| M57234 = eThekwini / / ZN / 113.13 / Iqadi/
| M57235 = eThekwini / / ZN / 7.31 / Khabazela/
| M57236 = eThekwini / / ZN / 18.92 / Kingsburgh/
| M57237 = eThekwini / / ZN / 12.31 / Klaarwater/
| M57238 = eThekwini / / ZN / 63.86 / Kloof/
| M57239 = eThekwini / / ZN / 11.82 / Kwadabeka/
| M57240 = eThekwini / / ZN / 8.02 / KwaMakhutha/
| M57241 = eThekwini / / ZN / 18.80 / Kwa-Mashu/
| M57242 = eThekwini / / ZN / 7.99 / KwaNdengezi/
| M57243 = eThekwini / / ZN / 29.09 / La Mercy/
| M57244 = eThekwini / / ZN / 4.18 / Lamontville/
| M57245 = eThekwini / / ZN / 3.13 / Luganda/
| M57246 = eThekwini / / ZN / 38.45 / Luthuli/Umnini Trust/
| M57247 = eThekwini / / ZN / 15.80 / Macala-Gwala/
| M57248 = eThekwini / / ZN / 1.56 / Magabeni/
| M57249 = eThekwini / / ZN / 3.44 / Malagazi/
| M57250 = eThekwini / / ZN / 8.39 / Mangangeni/Vumazonke/
| M57251 = eThekwini / / ZN / 54.01 / Maphephetha/
| M57252 = eThekwini / / ZN / 4.69 / Maphunulo/
| M57253 = eThekwini / / ZN / 2.33 / Mawotana/
| M57254 = eThekwini / / ZN / 11.40 / Mawothi/
| M57255 = eThekwini / / ZN / 11.40 / Molweni/
| M57256 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.77 / Mount Moreland/
| M57257 = eThekwini / / ZN / 1.92 / Mpolo/
| M57258 = eThekwini / / ZN / 38.30 / Mpumalanga/
| M57259 = eThekwini / / ZN / 12.89 / Mt Edgecombe/
| M57260 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.70 / Mwawine/
| M57261 = eThekwini / / ZN / 1.12 / Naidooville/
| M57262 = eThekwini / / ZN / 9.13 / New Germany/
| M57263 = eThekwini / / ZN / 10.23 / Newlands East/
| M57264 = eThekwini / / ZN / 12.62 / Newlands West/
| M57265 = eThekwini / / ZN / 47.90 / Ngcolosi/
| M57266 = eThekwini / / ZN / 3.44 / Ngqungqulu/
| M57267 = eThekwini / / ZN / 13.71 / Ntshongweni/
| M57268 = eThekwini / / ZN / 17.60 / Ntuzuma/
| M57269 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.20 / Oceans/
| M57270 = eThekwini / / ZN / 29.65 / Phoenix/
| M57271 = eThekwini / / ZN / 71.85 / Pinetown/
| M57272 = eThekwini / / ZN / 17.34 / Qadi/
| M57273 = eThekwini / / ZN / 53.72 / Qiniselani Manyuswa/
| M57274 = eThekwini / / ZN / 18.76 / Queensburgh/
| M57275 = eThekwini / / ZN / 2.22 / Redcliffe/
| M57276 = eThekwini / / ZN / 5.06 / Roseneath/
| M57277 = eThekwini / / ZN / 1.13 / Siyanda/
| M57278 = eThekwini / / ZN / 179.40 / Sobonakhona/
| M57279 = eThekwini / / ZN / 8.98 / Thoyana/
| M57280 = eThekwini / / ZN / 14.99 / Tongaat/
| M57281 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.64 / Tongaat Beach/
| M57282 = eThekwini / / ZN / 3.65 / Tshelimnyama/
| M57283 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.43 / Umbumbulu/
| M57284 = eThekwini / / ZN / 0.96 / Umdloti/
| M57285 = eThekwini / / ZN / 2.63 / Umgababa/
| M57286 = eThekwini / / ZN / 15.00 / Umhlanga/
| M57287 = eThekwini / / ZN / 7.44 / Umkomaas/
| M57288 = eThekwini / / ZN / 46.55 / Umlazi/
| M57289 = eThekwini / / ZN / 26.11 / Verulam/
| M57290 = eThekwini / / ZN / 1.56 / Westbrook/
| M57291 = eThekwini / / ZN / 31.03 / Westville/
| M57292 = eThekwini / / ZN / 95.29 / Ximba/
| M57294 = eThekwini / / ZN / 5.71 / Dassenhoek/
| M59101 = Mpofana / Umgungundlovu / 167.33 / Highmoor State Forest/
| M59201 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 258.89 / Cathedral Peak State Forest/
| M59202 = Imbabazane / Uthukela / ZN / 409.45 / Giants Castle Game Reserve/
| M59203 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 175.38 / Monks Cowl State Forest/
| M59204 = Okhahlamba / Uthukela / ZN / 64.55 / Royal Natal National Park/
| M59301 = Mtubatuba / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 407.41 / Cape Vidal National Park/
| M59302 = Hlabisa / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 340.10 / Hlabisa/
| M59303 = Hlabisa / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 144.80 / Hluhluwe Game Reserve/
| M59304 = Jozini / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 290.82 / Mkuze Game Reserve/
| M59305 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 4.47 / Sodwana Bay National Park/
| M59306 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 324.35 / St Lucia Game Reserve/
| M59307 = Umhlabuyalingana / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 253.97 / Tembe/
| M59308 = The Big 5 False Bay / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 533.87 / Ubombo/
| M59309 = Hlabisa / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 441.62 / Umfolozi Game Reserve/
| M59310 = Umhlabuyalingana / Umkhanyakude / ZN / 30.60 / Zikhali/Mbila/
| M59401 = Kwa Sani / Sisonke / ZN / 1,231.90 / Cobham State Forest/
| M60101 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 9.42 / Agisaneng/
| M60102 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 4.99 / Amandebele A Lebelo/
| M60103 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 180.68 / Bahwaduba/
| M60104 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 459.19 / Bakgatla Ba Ga Mosetlha/
| M60105 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 109.41 / Bakgatla Ba Mmakau/
| M60106 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 45.81 / Bakgatla Ba Mphe Batho/
| M60107 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 228.03 / Baphuthing Ba Ga Nawa/
| M60108 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 0.61 / Diphala/
| M60109 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 4.11 / Jonathan/
| M60110 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 84.98 / Kopanong/
| M60111 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 104.32 / Modimole Magogelo/
| M60112 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 26.02 / Mogogelo/
| M60113 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 30.44 / Moretele/
| M60114 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 2.19 / Temba/
| M60115 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 15.15 / Thulwe/
| M60116 = Moretele / Bojanala / NW / 64.32 / Tsoga o Itirele/
| M60201 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 7.36 / Bafokeng/
| M60202 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 214.97 / Bakgatla Ba Mmakau/
| M60203 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 95.43 / Bakwena Ba Magopa/
| M60204 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 387.26 / Bakwena Boo Modimosana Ba Ga Makau/
| M60205 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 20.53 / Bapo Ba Ga Mogale/
| M60206 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 73.85 / Borakalalo Nature Reserve/
| M60207 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 24.80 / Brits/
| M60208 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 0.59 / Damonsville/
| M60209 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 0.08 / Elandsdrift/
| M60210 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 508.02 / Ga-Rankuwa/
| M60211 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 23.99 / Hartbeespoort Dam Nature Reserve/
| M60212 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 1.33 / Hartebeesfontein New Paradise/
| M60213 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 13.27 / Hartebeespoort/
| M60214 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 26.87 / Jonathan/
| M60215 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 10.38 / Lethlabile/
| M60216 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 2,310.16 / Madibeng/
| M60217 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 20.80 / Magaliesberg Nature Reserve/
| M60218 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 0.47 / Maroelakop/
| M60219 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 3.15 / Mooinooi/
| M60220 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 15.74 / Oskraal/
| M60221 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 3.73 / Oukasie/
| M60222 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 20.23 / Pelindaba/
| M60223 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 27.53 / Sechaba-Sa-Ba-Taung/
| M60224 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 3.04 / Sonop/
| M60225 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 0.79 / Western Platinum Mines/
| M60301 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 1,040.98 / Bafokeng/
| M60302 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 297.74 / Bakwena Ba Magopa/
| M60303 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 2.85 / Baphalane/
| M60304 = Madibeng / Bojanala / NW / 29.41 / Bapo Ba Ga Mogale/
| M60305 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 2.15 / Boitekong/
| M60306 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 5.89 / Hartebeesfontein/
| M60307 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 132.58 / Magaliesberg Nature Reserve/
| M60308 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 1.50 / Mankwe/
| M60309 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 1.88 / Meriting/
| M60310 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 3.42 / Monakato/
| M60311 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 1.91 / Paardekraal/
| M60312 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 0.37 / Paardekraal Platinum Mine/
| M60313 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 2.23 / Phatsima/
| M60314 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 0.46 / Rooikoppies/
| M60315 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 183.39 / Rustenburg/
| M60316 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 2.14 / Sunrise Park/
| M60317 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 5.12 / Tlhabane/
| M60318 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 0.57 / Waterval/
| M60319 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 1,774.55 / Rustenburg/
| M60320 = Rustenburg / Bojanala / NW / 2.58 / Rustenburg/
| M60401 = Kgetlengrivier / Bojanala / NW / 0.80 / Borolelo/
| M60402 = Kgetlengrivier / Bojanala / NW / 1.93 / Derby/
| M60403 = Kgetlengrivier / Bojanala / NW / 3,954.06 / Kgetlengrivier/
| M60404 = Kgetlengrivier / Bojanala / NW / 5.90 / Koster/
| M60405 = Kgetlengrivier / Bojanala / NW / 1.39 / Nooigedacht/
| M60406 = Kgetlengrivier / Bojanala / NW / 1.55 / Reagile/
| M60407 = Kgetlengrivier / Bojanala / NW / 7.53 / Swartruggens/
| M60501 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 563.29 / Amahlubi/
| M60502 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 138.54 / Bafokeng/
| M60503 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 1,166.89 / Bakgatla Ba Ga Kgafela/
| M60504 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 203.24 / Bakubung Ba Ratheo/
| M60505 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 72.95 / Bakwena Ba Mare A Phogole/
| M60506 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 235.27 / Bakwena Boo Modimosana/
| M60507 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 656.08 / Baphalane/
| M60508 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 152.35 / Baphiring/
| M60509 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 5.08 / Bapo 2 Ba Ga Mogale/
| M60510 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 0.82 / Bapo II/
| M60511 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 289.33 / Barokologadi Ba Ga Maotwa/
| M60512 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 1.52 / Bataung Ba Moubane/
| M60513 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 305.38 / Batlhako Boo Mututu Ba Ga Mabe/
| M60514 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 641.83 / Batlhalerwa/
| M60515 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 212.95 / Batlokwa Ba Bogatsu/
| M60516 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 17.76 / Batlokwa Ba Ga Sedumedi/
| M60517 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 70.26 / Batlokwa Boo Matlapane/
| M60518 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 128.10 / Dinokaneng/
| M60519 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 0.64 / Mahobieskraal/
| M60520 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 4.70 / Makuntlwane A Kgote/
| M60521 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 63.00 / Mixed TA/
| M60522 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 15.76 / Mogwase/
| M60523 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 4.95 / Mokgatlha/
| M60524 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 2.18 / Mokgautsi/
| M60525 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 194.14 / Moses Kotane/
| M60526 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 64.28 / Sun City/
| M60527 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 3.54 / Zwartklip/
| M60601 = Setla-Kgobi / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 309.22 / Barolong Ba Ga Makgobi/
| M60602 = Setla-Kgobi / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 266.70 / Barolong Ba Ga Molefe Ba Moata/
| M60603 = Setla-Kgobi / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 56.33 / Barolong Boo Rashidi/
| M60604 = Setla-Kgobi / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 650.27 / Barolong Boo Ratlou Ba Ga Phoi/
| M60605 = Setla-Kgobi / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 952.26 / Batlharo Ba Ga Masibi/
| M60606 = Setla-Kgobi / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 2,303.38 / Setla-Kgobi/
| M60701 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 1.22 / Agisanang/
| M60702 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 1.67 / Atamelang/
| M60703 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 8.25 / Bakolobeng/
| M60704 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 47.41 / Barolong Boo Ratlou Ba Ga Seitshwaro/
| M60705 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 7.72 / Bopanang/
| M60706 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 4.18 / Delareyville/
| M60707 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 1.54 / Kopano/
| M60708 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 1.31 / Letsopa/
| M60709 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 663.59 / Mixed TA/
| M60710 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 2.43 / Ottosdal/
| M60711 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 2.13 / Sannieshof/
| M60712 = Tswaing / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 5,224.63 / Tswaing/
| M60801 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 0.59 / Bafokeng Ba Ga Moraka/
| M60802 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 3.19 / Bakwena Ba Ga Molopyane/
| M60803 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 14.15 / Banogeng/
| M60804 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 27.12 / Barolong Boo Rapulana/
| M60805 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 390.94 / Barolong Boo Ratshidi/
| M60806 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 22.73 / Barolong Boo Ratshidi/
| M60807 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 39.41 / Barolong Boo Ratshidi/
| M60808 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 31.75 / Barolong Boo Ratshidi/
| M60809 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 458.71 / Barolong Boo Ratshidi/
| M60810 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 24.04 / Barolong Boo Ratshidi/
| M60811 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 141.89 / Barolong Boo Ratshidi/
| M60812 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 5.43 / Batloung Ba Ga Shole/
| M60813 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 1.90 / Floorspar Mine/
| M60814 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 161.49 / Kopano/
| M60815 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 102.28 / Madikwe/
| M60816 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 15.44 / Mafikeng/
| M60817 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 15.02 / Mmabatho/
| M60818 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 2.68 / Montshioa/
| M60819 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 2.55 / Rooigrond/
| M60820 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 2.95 / Slurry/
| M60821 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 1.36 / Wintershoek/
| M60822 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 0.83 / Madikwe/
| M60823 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 1,777.21 / Mafikeng/
| M60824 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 105.41 / Mafikeng/
| M60825 = Mafikeng / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 344.56 / Mmabatho/
| M60901 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 2.37 / Bakwena Ba Ga Serobatse/
| M60902 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 0.72 / Banogeng/
| M60903 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 2.22 / Boikhutso/
| M60904 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 3.50 / Coligny/
| M60905 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 6,325.49 / Ditsobotla/
| M60906 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 26.34 / Ga-Raphalane/
| M60907 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 0.35 / Itekeng/
| M60908 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 7.62 / Itsoseng/
| M60909 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 6.78 / Kopano/
| M60910 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 87.13 / Lichtenburg/
| M60911 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 1.73 / Mosiane/
| M60912 = Ditsobotla / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 0.63 / Tlhabologang/
| M61001 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 485.86 / Bahurutshe Ba Ga Gopane/
| M61002 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 260.43 / Bahurutshe Ba Ga Le-Ncoe/
| M61003 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 920.24 / Bahurutshe Ba Ga Moilwa/
| M61004 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 99.47 / Bahurutshe Ba Ga Mokgoswa/
| M61005 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 31.64 / Bahurutshe Ba Ga Mothogae/
| M61006 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 178.15 / Bahurutshe Ba Ga Suping/
| M61007 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 155.26 / Bahurutshe Bo Manyane/
| M61008 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 43.01 / Banabakae/
| M61009 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 1.36 / Ikageleng/
| M61010 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 10.85 / Leeufontein/
| M61011 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 3.61 / Madikwe/
| M61012 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 18.76 / Marico Nature Reserve/
| M61013 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 144.32 / Mixed TA/
| M61014 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 5.81 / Welbedacht/
| M61015 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 4,818.77 / Zeerust/
| M61016 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 2.90 / Madikwe/
| M61017 = Ramotshere Moiloa / Ngaka Modiri Molema / NW / 11.02 / Zeerust/
| M61101 = Kagisano-Molopo / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 8,084.80 / Batlharo Ba Lotlhware/
| M61102 = Kagisano-Molopo / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 4,986.07 / Kagisano/
| M61103 = Kagisano-Molopo / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 0.60 / Louwna/
| M61104 = Kagisano-Molopo / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 1,584.86 / Morokweng/
| M61105 = Kagisano-Molopo / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 32.09 / Piet Plessis/
| M61201 = Naledi / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 4.09 / Huhudi/
| M61202 = Naledi / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 7,192.18 / Naledi/
| M61203 = Naledi / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 6.74 / Stella/
| M61204 = Naledi / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 64.13 / Vryburg/
| M61301 = Mamusa / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 1.59 / Amalia/
| M61302 = Mamusa / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 1.07 / Glaudina/
| M61303 = Mamusa / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 4.00 / Ipelegeng/
| M61304 = Mamusa / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 3,602.90 / Mamusa/
| M61305 = Mamusa / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 1.45 / Molatswanene/
| M61306 = Mamusa / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 3.81 / Schweizer-Reneke/
| M61401 = Greater Taung / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 483.38 / Bathlaping Ba Ga Maidi/
| M61402 = Greater Taung / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 811.50 / Bathlaping Ba Ga Mothibi/
| M61403 = Greater Taung / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 1,193.50 / Bathlaping Ba Ga Phuduhutswana/
| M61404 = Greater Taung / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 2.76 / Batlhaping Ba Ga Phudutswana/
| M61405 = Greater Taung / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 3.81 / Boipelo/
| M61406 = Greater Taung / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 3,106.08 / Greater Taung/
| M61407 = Greater Taung / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 9.55 / Motsweding/
| M61408 = Greater Taung / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 2.80 / Pudimoe/
| M61409 = Greater Taung / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 27.28 / Reivilo/
| M61501 = Kagisano-Molopo / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 12,585.87 / Molopo/
| M61502 = Kagisano-Molopo / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 2.58 / Pomfret/
| M61601 = Lekwa-Teemane / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 45.09 / Bloemhof/
| M61602 = Lekwa-Teemane / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 1.27 / Boitumelong/
| M61603 = Lekwa-Teemane / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 59.91 / Christiana/
| M61604 = Lekwa-Teemane / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 3,572.35 / Lekwa-Teemane/
| M61605 = Lekwa-Teemane / Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati / NW / 2.34 / Utlwanang/
| M61701 = Ventersdorp / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 38.41 / Schoonspruit Nature Reserve/
| M61702 = Ventersdorp / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 2.17 / Tshing/
| M61703 = Ventersdorp / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 3,716.51 / Ventersdorp/
| M61704 = Ventersdorp / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 7.25 / Ventersdorp/
| M61801 = Tlokwe / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 76.64 / Ikageng/
| M61802 = Tlokwe / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 2.75 / Mohadin/
| M61803 = Tlokwe / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 46.19 / Potchefstroom/
| M61804 = Tlokwe / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 2.88 / Promosa/
| M61805 = Tlokwe / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 2,544.91 / Potchefstroom/
| M61901 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 0.24 / Buffelsfontein/
| M61902 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 3,125.09 / City Council of Klerksdorp/
| M61903 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 6.24 / Dominionville/
| M61904 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 8.86 / Faan Meintjies Nature Reserve/
| M61905 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 0.41 / GTC Village/
| M61906 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 3.72 / Hartebeesfontein/
| M61907 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 60.65 / Hartebeestfontein/
| M61908 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 15.74 / Jouberton/
| M61909 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 9.90 / Kanana/
| M61910 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 0.09 / Khayalihle/
| M61911 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 7.08 / Khuma/
| M61912 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 115.17 / Klerksdorp/
| M61913 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 56.23 / Margaret Mine/
| M61914 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 137.70 / Orkney/
| M61915 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 0.24 / Paballong Village/
| M61916 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 7.63 / Stilfontein/
| M61917 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 0.32 / Stilfontein Gold Mine/
| M61918 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 1.21 / Tigane/
| M61919 = City of Matlosana / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 6.15 / Vaal Reefs/
| M62001 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 5.34 / Kareeboom/
| M62002 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 1.64 / Kgakala/
| M62003 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 0.98 / Lebaleng/
| M62004 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 2.69 / Leeudoringstad/
| M62005 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 7.28 / Makwassie/
| M62006 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 4,598.81 / Maquassi Hills/
| M62007 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 0.37 / Rulaganyang/
| M62008 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 2.29 / Tswelelang/
| M62009 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 17.78 / Witpoort/
| M62010 = Maquassi Hills / Dr Kenneth Kaunda / NW / 7.13 / Wolmaransstad/
| M62101 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 0.73 / Batlhaping Ba Ga Jantjie/
| M62102 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 737.16 / Batlhaping Ba Ga Sehunelo/
| M62103 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 2,647.09 / Batlharo Ba Ga Motlhware/
| M62104 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 451.26 / Batlharo Ba Ga Phadima/
| M62105 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 169.22 / Batlharo Ba Lotlhware/
| M62106 = Joe Morolong / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 2,024.22 / Kudumane/
| M67601 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 31.81 / Amandebele A Lebelo/
| M67602 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 16.13 / City of Tshwane Metro/
| M67603 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 33.30 / Ga-Rankuwa/
| M67604 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 1.09 / Hammanskraal/
| M67605 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 141.84 / Mabopane/
| M67606 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 0.13 / Soshanguve/
| M67607 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 35.02 / Temba/
| M67608 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 20.99 / Tirisano/
| M67609 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 5.84 / Ga-Rankuwa/
| M67610 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 1.36 / Ga-Rankuwa/
| M67611 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 27.15 / Temba/
| M68101 = Ga-Segonyana / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 459.53 / Batlharo Ba Ga Motlhware/
| M68102 = Ga-Segonyana / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 198.06 / Kudumane/
| M68103 = Ga-Segonyana / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 32.22 / Kuruman/
| M68104 = Ga-Segonyana / John Taolo Gaetsewe / NC / 2.93 / Mothibistad/
| M68701 = Phokwane / Frances Baard / NC / 2.98 / Jan Kempdorp/
| M68702 = Phokwane / Frances Baard / NC / 37.17 / Pampierstad/
| M68801 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 0.43 / Elandsfontein/
| M68802 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 0.19 / Elandsrand/
| M68803 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 9.53 / Fochville/
| M68804 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 4.90 / Kokosi/
| M68805 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 0.30 / Leeupoort/
| M68806 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 779.98 / Merafong City/
| M68807 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 2.18 / Wedela/
| M69101 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 468.61 / Pilanesberg Game Reserve/
| M69102 = Moses Kotane / Bojanala / NW / 1.44 / Pilansberg National Park/
| M70101 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 21.12 / Kagiso/
| M70102 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 195.99 / Krugersdorp/
| M70103 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 7.43 / Magaliesburg/
| M70104 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 847.97 / Mogale City/
| M70105 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 18.07 / Muldersdrift/
| M70106 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 1.81 / Munsieville/
| M70107 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 0.23 / Orient Hills/
| M70108 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 2.83 / Rietvallei/
| M70109 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 0.61 / Mogale City/
| M70201 = Randfontein / West Rand / GP / 0.20 / Bhongweni/
| M70202 = Randfontein / West Rand / GP / 0.07 / Brandvlei/
| M70203 = Randfontein / West Rand / GP / 5.31 / Mohlakeng/
| M70204 = Randfontein / West Rand / GP / 1.96 / Panvlak Gold Mine/
| M70205 = Randfontein / West Rand / GP / 209.70 / Randfontein/
| M70206 = Randfontein / West Rand / GP / 3.07 / Toekomsrus/
| M70207 = Randfontein / West Rand / GP / 0.67 / Zenzele/
| M70208 = Randfontein / West Rand / GP / 260.51 / Randfontein/
| M70301 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 11.03 / Bekkersdal/
| M70302 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 2.73 / Cooke Mine/
| M70303 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 11.78 / Elsburg Gold Mine/
| M70304 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 1.06 / Etlebeni/
| M70305 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 3.96 / Glen Harvie/
| M70306 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 1.35 / Hills Haven/
| M70307 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 3.58 / Johannesburg/
| M70308 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 18.07 / Kloof Gold Mine/
| M70309 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 8.86 / Leeudoorn Mine/
| M70310 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 12.56 / Libanon Gold Mine/
| M70311 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 0.46 / Modderfontein/
| M70312 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 3.13 / Panvlak Gold Mine/
| M70313 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 10.22 / Randfontein Mine/
| M70314 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 40.19 / Venterspost/
| M70315 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 1.57 / Waterpan/
| M70316 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 478.90 / Westonaria/
| M70317 = Westonaria / West Rand / GP / 6.46 / Westonaria/
| M70401 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 1.62 / Boipatong/
| M70402 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 5.97 / Bophelong/
| M70403 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 498.77 / Emfuleni/
| M70404 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 35.20 / Evaton/
| M70405 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 3.79 / Orange Farm/
| M70406 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 32.80 / Sebokeng/
| M70407 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 5.04 / Sharpeville/
| M70408 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 5.26 / Tshepiso/
| M70409 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 207.69 / Vanderbijlpark/
| M70410 = Emfuleni / Sedibeng / GP / 191.33 / Vereeniging/
| M70501 = Midvaal / Sedibeng / GP / 2.49 / Alberton/
| M70502 = Midvaal / Sedibeng / GP / 1.39 / Evaton/
| M70503 = Midvaal / Sedibeng / GP / 114.28 / Meyerton/
| M70504 = Midvaal / Sedibeng / GP / 1,218.44 / Midvaal/
| M70505 = Midvaal / Sedibeng / GP / 74.14 / Randvaal/
| M70506 = Midvaal / Sedibeng / GP / 113.79 / Suikerbosrand Natuurresevaat/
| M70507 = Midvaal / Sedibeng / GP / 2.60 / Vaal Marina/
| M70508 = Midvaal / Sedibeng / GP / 43.60 / Vereeniging/
| M70509 = Midvaal / Sedibeng / GP / 151.54 / Walkerville/
| M70601 = Lesedi / Sedibeng / GP / 1.72 / Devon/
| M70602 = Lesedi / Sedibeng / GP / 30.16 / Heidelberg/
| M70603 = Lesedi / Sedibeng / GP / 1.44 / Impumelelo/
| M70604 = Lesedi / Sedibeng / GP / 1,378.90 / Lesedi Local Municipality/
| M70605 = Lesedi / Sedibeng / GP / 31.07 / Nigel/
| M70606 = Lesedi / Sedibeng / GP / 4.15 / Ratanda/
| M70607 = Lesedi / Sedibeng / GP / 42.73 / Springs/
| M70701 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 2.47 / Baviaanspoort/
| M70702 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 27.38 / Cullinan/
| M70703 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 1.10 / Kekana Gardens/
| M70704 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 1,897.11 / Nokeng tsa Taemane/
| M70705 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 1.60 / Onverwacht/
| M70706 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 1.93 / Rayton/
| M70707 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 2.22 / Refilwe/
| M70708 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 16.40 / Roodeplaat Dam Nature Reserve/
| M70709 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 3.95 / Vergenoeg/
| M77301 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 80.45 / Alberton/
| M77302 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 0.31 / Bapsfontein/
| M77303 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 15.43 / Bedfordview/
| M77304 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 187.99 / Benoni/
| M77305 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 164.05 / Boksburg/
| M77306 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 196.35 / Brakpan/
| M77307 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 0.41 / Cerutiville/
| M77308 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 1.12 / Chief Albert Lithuli Park/
| M77309 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 14.17 / Daveyton/
| M77310 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 10.74 / Duduza/
| M77311 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 1.07 / Dukathole/
| M77312 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 20.38 / Edenvale/
| M77313 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 420.74 / Ekurhuleni Metro/
| M77314 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 21.26 / Etwatwa/
| M77315 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 129.14 / Germiston/
| M77316 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 61.42 / Katlehong/
| M77317 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 158.50 / Kempton Park/
| M77318 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 13.93 / KwaThema/
| M77319 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 1.60 / Lindelani Village/
| M77320 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 13.41 / Midrand/
| M77321 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 129.29 / Nigel/
| M77322 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 5.70 / Reiger Park/
| M77323 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 172.18 / Springs/
| M77324 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 32.44 / Tembisa/
| M77325 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 8.65 / Thokoza/
| M77326 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 29.74 / Tsakane/
| M77327 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 28.65 / Vosloorus/
| M77328 = Ekurhuleni / / GP / 4.78 / Wattville/
| M77401 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 6.54 / Alexandra/
| M77402 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 0.03 / Bultfontein/
| M77403 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 237.16 / City of Johannesburg Metro/
| M77404 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 9.46 / Diepkloof/
| M77405 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 8.58 / Diepsloot/
| M77406 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 2.44 / Ebony Park/
| M77407 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 4.91 / Edenvale/
| M77408 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 9.26 / Ivory Park/
| M77409 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 508.69 / Johannesburg/
| M77410 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 0.57 / Kagiso/
| M77411 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 38.01 / Kempton Park/
| M77412 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 1.08 / Klipfontein View/
| M77413 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 1.12 / Mayabuye/
| M77414 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 11.57 / Meadowlands/
| M77415 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 163.40 / Midrand/
| M77416 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 0.06 / Nooitgedacht/
| M77417 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 27.32 / Orange Farm/
| M77418 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 0.17 / Pipeline/
| M77419 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 5.61 / Poortjie/
| M77420 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 3.15 / Rabie Ridge/
| M77421 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 134.33 / Randburg/
| M77422 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 8.01 / Randfontein/
| M77423 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 206.38 / Roodepoort/
| M77424 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 133.84 / Sandton/
| M77425 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 1.06 / Slovoville/
| M77426 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 106.44 / Soweto/
| M77427 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 2.27 / Sweetwaters/
| M77428 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 6.31 / Tshepisong/
| M77429 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 0.98 / Vlakfontein/
| M77430 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 4.10 / Wheeler's Farm/
| M77431 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 0.63 / Zandspruit/
| M77432 = City of Johannesburg / / GP / 0.38 / Zevenfontein/
| M77601 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 78.07 / Akasia/
| M77602 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 5.16 / Atteridgeville/
| M77603 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 239.18 / Centurion/
| M77604 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 844.79 / City of Tshwane Metro/
| M77605 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 7.81 / Ga-Rankuwa/
| M77606 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 6.82 / Hammanskraal/
| M77607 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 0.08 / Knopjeslaagte/
| M77608 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 3.82 / Mabopane/
| M77609 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 43.84 / Mamelodi/
| M77610 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 3.14 / Nellmapius/
| M77611 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 0.93 / Olievenhoutbos/
| M77612 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 513.84 / Pretoria/
| M77613 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 8.02 / Saulsville/
| M77614 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 117.27 / Soshanguve/
| M77615 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 8.47 / Temba/
| M78201 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 70.76 / Bronkhorstspruit/
| M78202 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 7.16 / Ekandustria/
| M78203 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 2,001.70 / Kungwini/
| M78204 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 16.01 / Pretoria/
| M78205 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 1.38 / Rethabiseng/
| M78206 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 1.76 / Sehlakwana/
| M78207 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 4.09 / Zithobeni/
| M78801 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 6.90 / Blybank/
| M78802 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 6.31 / Blyvooruitzicht/
| M78803 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 12.67 / Carletonville/
| M78804 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 9.41 / Deelkraal/
| M78805 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 1.51 / Doornfontein/
| M78806 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 2.03 / East Driefontein Mine/
| M78807 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 2.78 / Elandsridge/
| M78808 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 8.60 / Khutsong/
| M78809 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 0.76 / Letsatsing/
| M78810 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 691.55 / Merafong City/
| M78811 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 3.09 / Oberholzer/
| M78812 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 0.25 / Phomolong/
| M78813 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 4.06 / Welverdiend/
| M78814 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 38.29 / Westdriefontein/
| M78815 = Merafong City / West Rand / GP / 44.72 / Western Deep Levels Mine/
| M79101 = Mogale City / West Rand / GP / 242.55 / West Rand/
| M80101 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 4,566.75 / Albert Luthuli/
| M80102 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.86 / Badplaas/
| M80103 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 11.91 / Bhevula/
| M80104 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 18.69 / Carolina/
| M80105 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 4.89 / Diepgezet/
| M80106 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 28.80 / Duma/
| M80107 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 638.65 / Eerstehoek/
| M80108 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.49 / Ekulundeni/
| M80109 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 63.37 / Embhuleni/
| M80110 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 24.29 / Emfumbeni/
| M80111 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 12.41 / Emjindini/
| M80112 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.28 / Empuluzi/
| M80113 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 73.34 / Enikakuyengwa/
| M80114 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 4.86 / Lukwatini/
| M80115 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 17.87 / Mandlamakhulu/
| M80116 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 49.57 / Mpisikazi/
| M80117 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 7.84 / Mpuluzi/
| M80118 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 14.56 / Ndlela/
| M80119 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 27.06 / Sandleni/
| M80120 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.97 / Silobela/
| M80121 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.14 / Steynsdorp/
| M80122 = Albert Luthuli / Gert Sibande / MP / 2.32 / Tshabalala/
| M80201 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 2.75 / Breyten/
| M80202 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 4.78 / Camden/
| M80203 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.61 / Davel/
| M80204 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 25.48 / Ermelo/
| M80205 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.24 / Kwachibikhulu/
| M80206 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.49 / KwaDela/
| M80207 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.90 / KwaZanele/
| M80208 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 6.97 / Lothair/
| M80209 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 5,958.56 / Msukaligwa/
| M80210 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 2.56 / Phumula/
| M80211 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.05 / Selindile/
| M80212 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.68 / Sheepmoor/
| M80213 = Msukaligwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 8.34 / Wesselton/
| M80301 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 4.36 / Amsterdam/
| M80302 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 3.30 / Dirkiesdorp/
| M80303 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 53.65 / Driefontein/
| M80304 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 8.49 / Ethandakukhanya/
| M80305 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 12.13 / KwaNgema/
| M80306 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 2.91 / KwaThandeka/
| M80307 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 4,628.84 / Mkhondo/
| M80308 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 86.10 / Ngema/
| M80309 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 55.41 / Piet Retief/
| M80310 = Mkhondo / Gert Sibande / MP / 13.71 / Shabalala/
| M80401 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 2.37 / Amersfoort/
| M80402 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 45.97 / Daggakraal/
| M80403 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.38 / eSizameleni/
| M80404 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 6.66 / eZamokuhle/
| M80405 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.88 / Perdekop/
| M80406 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 5,125.35 / Seme/
| M80407 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.42 / Siyazenzela/
| M80408 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 20.90 / Volksrust/
| M80409 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 3.72 / Vukuzakhe/
| M80410 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 5.89 / Wakkerstroom/
| M80411 = Seme / Gert Sibande / MP / 13.44 / Witkoppie/
| M80501 = Lekwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 4,536.73 / Lekwa/
| M80502 = Lekwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 4.99 / Morgenzon/
| M80503 = Lekwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 6.15 / Sakhile/
| M80504 = Lekwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.40 / Sivukile/
| M80505 = Lekwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 36.52 / Standerton/
| M80506 = Lekwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.95 / Thuthukani/
| M80507 = Lekwa / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.48 / Tutuka/
| M80601 = Dipaleseng / Gert Sibande / MP / 10.02 / Balfour/
| M80602 = Dipaleseng / Gert Sibande / MP / 2,600.25 / Dipaleseng/
| M80603 = Dipaleseng / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.34 / Ekanini/
| M80604 = Dipaleseng / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.14 / Greylingstad/
| M80605 = Dipaleseng / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.62 / Nthwane/
| M80606 = Dipaleseng / Gert Sibande / MP / 3.91 / Siyathemba/
| M80701 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 101.50 / Bethal/
| M80702 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.66 / Brendan Village/
| M80703 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.58 / Charl Cilliers/
| M80704 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.85 / Eendrag/
| M80705 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 13.63 / Embalenhle/
| M80706 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 5.19 / eMzinoni/
| M80707 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 40.15 / Evander/
| M80708 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 2,555.68 / Highveld East/
| M80709 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 71.84 / Highveld Ridge Mines/
| M80710 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 3.99 / Kinross/
| M80711 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.59 / Leandra/
| M80712 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 3.88 / Lebogang/
| M80713 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 2.08 / Leslie/
| M80714 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.19 / Leslie Gold Mines/
| M80715 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.23 / Mandela Section/
| M80716 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.74 / Milan Park/
| M80717 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 150.71 / Secunda/
| M80718 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 0.95 / Sorento Park/
| M80719 = Govan Mbeki / Gert Sibande / MP / 1.53 / Trichardt/
| M80801 = Victor Khanye / Nkangala / MP / 5.09 / Botleng/
| M80802 = Victor Khanye / Nkangala / MP / 1,466.21 / Delmas/
| M80803 = Victor Khanye / Nkangala / MP / 11.15 / Eloff/
| M80804 = Victor Khanye / Nkangala / MP / 71.38 / Sundra/
| M80805 = Victor Khanye / Nkangala / MP / 13.41 / Delmas/
| M80901 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.63 / Boschmans Colliery/
| M80902 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 36.52 / Clewer/
| M80903 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.33 / Coalville/
| M80904 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.45 / Cologne/
| M80905 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.96 / Coronation/
| M80906 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 2,182.06 / Emalahleni/
| M80907 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 10.86 / Greenside Colliery/
| M80908 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 4.38 / Hlalanikahle/
| M80909 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.46 / Ikageng/
| M80910 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 32.65 / Kendal/
| M80911 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.58 / Khutala Colliery/
| M80912 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.52 / Klarinet/
| M80913 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.14 / Klipplaat/
| M80914 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.99 / Klippoortjie/
| M80915 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 37.87 / Kriel/
| M80916 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.87 / KwaGuqa/
| M80917 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.05 / KwaGuqa/
| M80918 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 8.57 / KwaGuqa/
| M80919 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.09 / KwaGuqa/
| M80920 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.21 / KwaGuqa/
| M80921 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 4.71 / Landau Colliery/
| M80922 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.85 / Lehlaka Park/
| M80923 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.48 / Lekama/
| M80924 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.63 / Madressa/
| M80925 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.04 / Matla Coal Mine/
| M80926 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.50 / Naauwpoort/
| M80927 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 26.50 / New Largo/
| M80928 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.50 / Ogies/
| M80929 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.43 / Pambili/
| M80930 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.00 / Paxton/
| M80931 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 2.69 / Phoenix Colliery/
| M80932 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 3.26 / Phola/
| M80933 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.07 / Pine Ridge/
| M80934 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.19 / Reedstream Park/
| M80935 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.12 / Rethabile/
| M80936 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 51.22 / Rietspruit Opencast Mine/
| M80937 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.12 / Saaiwater/
| M80938 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.21 / Soetvelde/
| M80939 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.90 / Springbok/
| M80940 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.66 / Tavistock Colliery/
| M80941 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.96 / Thubelihle/
| M80942 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.47 / Travistock/
| M80943 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.47 / Travistock South/
| M80944 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.93 / Tweefontein/
| M80945 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 2.56 / Vandyksdrif/
| M80946 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.43 / Voltargo/
| M80947 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 2.15 / Vosman/
| M80948 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 240.39 / Witbank/
| M80949 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.13 / Witbank Consolidated Colliery/
| M80950 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.63 / Witcons/
| M80951 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 1.40 / Wolwekrans/
| M80952 = Emalahleni / Nkangala / MP / 0.23 / Zaaiwater/
| M81001 = Steve Tshwete / Nkangala / MP / 4.56 / Doornkop/
| M81002 = Steve Tshwete / Nkangala / MP / 2.63 / Hendrina/
| M81003 = Steve Tshwete / Nkangala / MP / 6.39 / Kranspoort Dorp/
| M81004 = Steve Tshwete / Nkangala / MP / 2.32 / KwaZamokuhle/
| M81005 = Steve Tshwete / Nkangala / MP / 7.06 / Mhluzi/
| M81006 = Steve Tshwete / Nkangala / MP / 63.14 / Middelburg/
| M81007 = Steve Tshwete / Nkangala / MP / 3,891.16 / Middelburg/
| M81101 = Emakhazeni / Nkangala / MP / 67.63 / Belfast/
| M81102 = Emakhazeni / Nkangala / MP / 48.10 / Dullstroom/
| M81103 = Emakhazeni / Nkangala / MP / 1.02 / eMgwenya/
| M81104 = Emakhazeni / Nkangala / MP / 1.17 / Emthonjeni/
| M81105 = Emakhazeni / Nkangala / MP / 4,576.32 / Highlands/
| M81106 = Emakhazeni / Nkangala / MP / 36.77 / Machadodorp/
| M81107 = Emakhazeni / Nkangala / MP / 0.76 / Sakhelwe/
| M81108 = Emakhazeni / Nkangala / MP / 1.71 / Siyathuthuka/
| M81109 = Emakhazeni / Nkangala / MP / 1.99 / Waterval Boven/
| M81201 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 5.61 / Ekangala/
| M81202 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 254.72 / KwaMhlanga/
| M81203 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 100.64 / Mabusa National Park/
| M81204 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 320.15 / Mkobola/
| M81205 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 1.68 / Moutse 3/
| M81206 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 0.33 / Sokhulumi/
| M81207 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 1,761.83 / Thembisile/
| M81208 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 2.27 / Thokoza/
| M81209 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 23.26 / Tweefontein/
| M81210 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 12.07 / Tweefontein North/
| M81211 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 13.91 / Tweefontein South/
| M81212 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 5.26 / Vezubuhle/
| M81213 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 0.76 / Vlakfontein/
| M81214 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 1.34 / Wolvenkop/
| M81215 = Thembisile / Nkangala / MP / 5.91 / KwaMhlanga/
| M81301 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 186.37 / Dr JS Moroka/
| M81302 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 0.93 / Kameelpoort/
| M81303 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 16.73 / Mbibana/
| M81304 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 260.44 / Mdutjana/
| M81305 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 915.02 / Moretele/
| M81306 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 4.40 / Moutse 2/
| M81307 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 13.56 / Siyabuswa/
| M81308 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 0.47 / Toitskraal/
| M81309 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 3.85 / Vaalbank/
| M81401 = Thaba Chweu / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1.57 / Graskop/
| M81402 = Thaba Chweu / Ehlanzeni / MP / 26.12 / Lydenburg/
| M81403 = Thaba Chweu / Ehlanzeni / MP / 4.19 / Mashishing/
| M81404 = Thaba Chweu / Ehlanzeni / MP / 15.28 / Pilgrim's Rest/
| M81405 = Thaba Chweu / Ehlanzeni / MP / 78.81 / Sabie/
| M81406 = Thaba Chweu / Ehlanzeni / MP / 0.94 / Simile/
| M81407 = Thaba Chweu / Ehlanzeni / MP / 5,553.77 / Thaba Chweu/
| M81501 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 0.60 / Broedershoek/
| M81502 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 179.94 / Gutshwa/
| M81503 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 4.69 / Hazyview/
| M81504 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 4.49 / KaBokweni/
| M81505 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 15.33 / Kanyamazane/
| M81506 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1.57 / Khamagugu/
| M81507 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 16.72 / Lomshiyo/
| M81508 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 60.88 / Masoyi/
| M81509 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 30.18 / Mataffin/
| M81510 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 11.64 / Matsulu/
| M81511 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 2,529.46 / Mbombela/
| M81512 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 88.69 / Mbuyane/
| M81513 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 21.22 / Mdluli/
| M81514 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 83.71 / Mpakeni/
| M81515 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 37.83 / Msogwaba/
| M81516 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 0.23 / Nakambeni/
| M81517 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 46.47 / Nelspruit/
| M81518 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 0.11 / Ngodini/
| M81519 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1.14 / Ngodwana/
| M81520 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 120.72 / Nkambeni/
| M81521 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 42.35 / Nsikazi/
| M81522 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 3.18 / Rocky Drift/
| M81523 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 0.30 / Wendywood/
| M81524 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 23.15 / Witrivier/
| M81525 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1.01 / Nsikazi/
| M81601 = Umjindi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 10.58 / Barberton/
| M81602 = Umjindi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 5.99 / Bonanza Gold Mine/
| M81603 = Umjindi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 7.91 / eMjindini/
| M81604 = Umjindi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 7.52 / Fairview Mine/
| M81605 = Umjindi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 8.45 / Sheba Mine/
| M81606 = Umjindi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1,699.91 / Umjindi/
| M81607 = Umjindi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 0.86 / Verulum/
| M81701 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 0.02 / Albertsnek/
| M81702 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 12.28 / Baberton/
| M81703 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 2.97 / Hectorspruit/
| M81704 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 57.13 / Hoyi/
| M81705 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 0.13 / Inyoni/
| M81706 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 0.61 / Kamhlushwa/
| M81707 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 5.52 / Komatiepoort/
| M81708 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 123.79 / Lugedlane/
| M81709 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 14.23 / Malelane/
| M81710 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 17.70 / Marloth Park/
| M81711 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 392.15 / Matsamo/
| M81712 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 238.62 / Mawewe/
| M81713 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 80.27 / Mhlaba/
| M81714 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 282.62 / Mlambo/
| M81715 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1,833.87 / Nkomazi/
| M81716 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 160.58 / Siboshwa/
| M81717 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 4.26 / Strathmore Mine/
| M81718 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1.11 / Matsamo/
| M88201 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 9.70 / Ekangala/
| M88202 = City of Tshwane / / GP / 4.40 / Kungwini/
| M88301 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 807.00 / Greater Marble Hall/
| M88302 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 7.76 / Marble Hall/
| M88303 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 167.51 / Moutse 1/
| M88304 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 1.58 / Rahlangane/
| M88401 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 2,757.08 / Greater Groblersdal/
| M88402 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 6.26 / Groblersdal/
| M88403 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 67.91 / Mathula/
| M88404 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 0.60 / Motetema/
| M88405 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 324.85 / Moutse 3/
| M88501 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 181.27 / Badimong/
| M88502 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 23.67 / Burgersfort/
| M88503 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 0.27 / Doornbosch Mine/
| M88504 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 1,954.82 / Greater Tubatse/
| M88505 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 1.05 / Lavino Chrome Mine/
| M88506 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 1.66 / Magnetite Mine/
| M88507 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 95.74 / Monganeng/
| M88508 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 1.12 / Montrose Mine/
| M88509 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 8.76 / Ohrigstad/
| M88510 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 59.23 / Soe/
| M88511 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 8.83 / Steelpoort/
| M88512 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 1.35 / Winterveld Mine/
| M88601 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 315.93 / Bushbuckridge/
| M89101 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 118.11 / Schuinsdraai Nature Reserve/
| M89201 = Dr JS Moroka / Nkangala / MP / 13.60 / Mdala Nature Reserve/
| M89301 = Umjindi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 4.30 / Barberton Nature Reserve/
| M89302 = Thaba Chweu / Ehlanzeni / MP / 12.81 / DMA Lowveld/
| M89303 = Nkomazi / Ehlanzeni / MP / 11.40 / Matsamo/
| M89304 = Thaba Chweu / Ehlanzeni / MP / 25.39 / Pilgrim's Rest/
| M89305 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 79.45 / State Land/
| M89601 = / Ehlanzeni / MP / 9,115.03 / Kruger National Park/
| M89602 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 622.28 / Sabie Sand Game Reserve/
| M89603 = Mbombela / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1.16 / Skukuza/
| M89604 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1.46 / Timbavati Nature Reserve/
| M90101 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 1,444.47 / Giyani/
| M90102 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 365.04 / Hlaneki/
| M90103 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 1.63 / Mabunda/
| M90104 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 131.90 / Makhuva/
| M90105 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 4.03 / Modjadji/
| M90106 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 87.74 / Msengi/
| M90107 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 82.98 / Ndengeza/
| M90108 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 5.35 / Nkuri/
| M90109 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 3.92 / Nxomo/
| M90110 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 815.97 / Shiviti/
| M90111 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 21.53 / Giyani/
| M90112 = Greater Giyani / Mopani / LP / 0.24 / Giyani/
| M90201 = Greater Letaba / Mopani / LP / 3.53 / Duiwelskloof/
| M90202 = Greater Letaba / Mopani / LP / 782.40 / Greater Letaba/
| M90203 = Greater Letaba / Mopani / LP / 247.85 / Mamaila/
| M90204 = Greater Letaba / Mopani / LP / 723.88 / Modjadji/
| M90205 = Greater Letaba / Mopani / LP / 26.04 / Pheeha/
| M90206 = Greater Letaba / Mopani / LP / 31.75 / Sekgopo/
| M90207 = Greater Letaba / Mopani / LP / 77.95 / Vuyani/
| M90301 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 14.37 / Bakgaga Ba Maake/
| M90302 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 14.54 / Bakgage/
| M90303 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 448.79 / Bankuna/
| M90304 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 65.26 / Batlhabine Ba Magoboya/
| M90305 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 0.45 / Dwarsfontein/
| M90306 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 2,149.54 / Greater Tzaneen/
| M90307 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 1.04 / Haenertsburg/
| M90308 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 1.16 / Letsitele/
| M90309 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 315.69 / Modjadji/
| M90310 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 165.78 / Nwa' Mitwa/
| M90311 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 44.36 / Nyavana/
| M90312 = Greater Tzaneen / Mopani / LP / 18.80 / Tzaneen/
| M90401 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 126.78 / Ba Phalaborwa Ba Nakome/
| M90402 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 2,310.62 / Ba-Phalaborwa/
| M90403 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 38.43 / Bashai-Ditlou/
| M90404 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 53.55 / Die Eiland/
| M90405 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 0.49 / Ga-Mashishimale/
| M90406 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 5.01 / Gravelotte/
| M90407 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 0.40 / Gravelotte Township/
| M90408 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 215.73 / Letaba Ranch/
| M90409 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 46.67 / Majeje/
| M90410 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 6.14 / Murchison/
| M90411 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 191.10 / Phalaborwa/
| M90412 = Ba-Phalaborwa / Mopani / LP / 4.83 / Phalaborwa/
| M90501 = Musina / Vhembe / LP / 13.91 / Messina/
| M90502 = Musina / Vhembe / LP / 7,560.31 / Musina/
| M90503 = Musina / Vhembe / LP / 2.54 / Mutali/
| M90504 = Musina / Vhembe / LP / 1.55 / Nancefield/
| M90601 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 469.38 / Makuya/
| M90602 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 124.94 / Manenzhe/
| M90603 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 140.96 / Moletele/
| M90604 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 1.83 / Mphaphuli/
| M90605 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 600.92 / Rambada/
| M90606 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 282.71 / Thengwe/
| M90607 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 0.95 / Tshikondeni Mine/
| M90608 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 667.80 / Tshikundamalema/
| M90701 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 6.80 / Dzwerani/
| M90702 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 3.97 / Gijana/
| M90703 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 73.61 / Khakhu/
| M90704 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 234.46 / Madonsi/
| M90705 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 0.96 / Makuleke/
| M90706 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 261.17 / Mavambe/
| M90707 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 199.79 / Mhinga/
| M90708 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 2.30 / Mphambo/
| M90709 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 711.56 / Mphaphuli/
| M90710 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 6.43 / Mtititi/
| M90711 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 187.07 / Mudabula/
| M90712 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 6.70 / Mukhomi/
| M90713 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 5.38 / Mulamula/
| M90714 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 96.90 / Mulenzhe/
| M90715 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 116.66 / Ntlhaveni/
| M90716 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 9.53 / Shigalo/
| M90717 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 0.77 / Shigamane/
| M90718 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 217.17 / Shikundu/
| M90719 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 25.44 / Thohoyandou/
| M90720 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 12.75 / Tshikonelo/
| M90721 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 785.59 / Tshivhase/
| M90722 = Thulamela / Vhembe / LP / 4.24 / Vuwani/
| M90801 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 20.67 / Bungeni/
| M90802 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 60.93 / Davhana/
| M90803 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 650.70 / Dzanani/
| M90804 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 2.86 / Funyufunyu/
| M90805 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 181.14 / Hlanganani/
| M90806 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 17.45 / Khomanani/
| M90807 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 150.44 / Kutama/
| M90808 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 21.18 / Louis Trichardt/
| M90809 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 0.39 / Madombidzha/
| M90810 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 9.77 / Madzivhandila/
| M90811 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 2.80 / Maelula/
| M90812 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 1.59 / Magadani/
| M90813 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 6,262.90 / Makhado/
| M90814 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 0.69 / Makushu/
| M90815 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 73.39 / Masakona/
| M90816 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 89.76 / Mashamba/
| M90817 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 71.04 / Mashau/
| M90818 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 120.31 / Masia/
| M90819 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 12.68 / Mkhensani/
| M90820 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 1.82 / Mudimeli/
| M90821 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 5.63 / Muila/
| M90822 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 24.49 / Mukhari/
| M90823 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 2.78 / Mulambilu/
| M90824 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 288.99 / Mulima/
| M90825 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 1.66 / Ndouvhada/
| M90826 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 7.89 / Nesengani/
| M90827 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 161.96 / Nthabalala/
| M90828 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 6.20 / Rabali/
| M90829 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 36.48 / Ramalamula/
| M90830 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 4.93 / Ribungwani/
| M90831 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 6.05 / Rungulani/
| M90832 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 72.28 / Sinthumule/
| M90833 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 18.81 / Soutpansberg/
| M90834 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 11.75 / Tiyani/
| M90835 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 42.88 / Tshikota/
| M90836 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 107.89 / Tshimbupfe/
| M90837 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 3.93 / Tshiovhe/
| M90838 = Makhado / Vhembe / LP / 13.58 / Vuwani/
| M90901 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 11.75 / Alldays/
| M90902 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 390.17 / Bahanawa/
| M90903 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 163.78 / Bahanawa-Ba-Kibi/
| M90904 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 2,198.72 / Blouberg/
| M90905 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 182.33 / Bochum/
| M90906 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 58.29 / Dichoeng/
| M90907 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 1,335.47 / Manthata/
| M90908 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 180.83 / Matlala/
| M90909 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 1.33 / Pietersburg/
| M90910 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 7.81 / Ramutla/
| M90911 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 6.00 / Seshego/
| M90912 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 4.33 / Bochum/
| M91001 = Aganang / Capricorn / LP / 153.98 / Aganang/
| M91002 = Aganang / Capricorn / LP / 7.77 / Maraba/
| M91003 = Aganang / Capricorn / LP / 339.60 / Matlala/
| M91004 = Aganang / Capricorn / LP / 744.35 / Moletji/
| M91005 = Aganang / Capricorn / LP / 606.76 / Seshego/
| M91101 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 0.34 / Backer/
| M91102 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 11.64 / Bochum/
| M91103 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 2.98 / Dendron/
| M91104 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 11.22 / Ga-Ramokgopha/
| M91105 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 12.24 / Manthata/
| M91106 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 2,944.04 / Molemole/
| M91107 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 11.66 / Moletji/
| M91108 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 349.99 / Sekgosese/
| M91109 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 1.24 / Sekhokho/
| M91110 = Molemole / Capricorn / LP / 1.06 / Soekmekaar/
| M91201 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 178.93 / Bjatladibja Dikolobe/
| M91202 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 169.79 / Dikgale/
| M91203 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 79.32 / Ditlou Machidi/
| M91204 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 2.12 / Ga-Mashashane/
| M91205 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 75.62 / Maja/
| M91206 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 1.03 / Makgoba/
| M91207 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 117.97 / Mankoeng/
| M91208 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 4.42 / Mankweng/
| M91209 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 97.62 / Mixed TA/
| M91210 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 1.57 / Mojapelo/
| M91211 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 286.00 / Molepo/
| M91212 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 467.13 / Moletji/
| M91213 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 0.87 / Moloto Solomon Kgabo/
| M91214 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 11.44 / Mothiba/
| M91215 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 128.51 / Pietersburg/
| M91216 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 1,910.06 / Polokwane/
| M91217 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 21.42 / Seshego/
| M91218 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 6.05 / Thabamoopo/
| M91219 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 162.63 / Tholongwe/
| M91220 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 1.82 / Turfloop/
| M91222 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 38.44 / Pietersburg/
| M91223 = Polokwane / Capricorn / LP / 12.41 / Seshego/
| M91301 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 591.16 / Bakgaga Ba Mphahlele/
| M91302 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 96.24 / Batau Ba Seloane/
| M91303 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 85.16 / Ditlou Ntshong/
| M91304 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 183.46 / Lebowakgomo/
| M91305 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 1,388.22 / Lepele-Nkumpi/
| M91306 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 364.67 / Mafefe/
| M91307 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 0.34 / Mathabatha/
| M91308 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 0.79 / Mokerong/
| M91309 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 1.67 / Ndlovu/
| M91310 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 239.51 / Thabamoopo/
| M91311 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 502.15 / Zebediela/
| M91312 = Lepele-Nkumpi / Capricorn / LP / 1.41 / Zebediela/
| M91401 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 47.73 / Amandelbult/
| M91402 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 0.02 / Ipeleng/
| M91403 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 1.15 / Middeldrift/
| M91404 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 0.01 / Mmebane/
| M91405 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 47.56 / Northam/
| M91406 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 1.11 / Regorogile/
| M91407 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 4.32 / Rooiberg Tin Mine/
| M91408 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 2.69 / Rooikrans/
| M91409 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 1.33 / Smersha Block/
| M91410 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 14.18 / Swartklip/
| M91411 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 0.56 / Swartkop/
| M91412 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 9,723.06 / Thabazimbi/
| M91413 = Thabazimbi / Waterberg / LP / 10.76 / Thabazimbi/
| M91501 = Lephalale / Waterberg / LP / 260.83 / Bakenberg/
| M91502 = Lephalale / Waterberg / LP / 3.22 / Ellisras/
| M91503 = Lephalale / Waterberg / LP / 1.76 / Kwarriehoek/
| M91504 = Lephalale / Waterberg / LP / 18,898.84 / Lephalale/
| M91505 = Lephalale / Waterberg / LP / 3.21 / Marapong/
| M91506 = Lephalale / Waterberg / LP / 8.10 / Onverwacht/
| M91507 = Blouberg / Capricorn / LP / 23.85 / Potgietersrus/
| M91508 = Lephalale / Waterberg / LP / 335.67 / Seleka/
| M91509 = Lephalale / Waterberg / LP / 67.92 / Shongoane/
| M91510 = Lephalale / Waterberg / LP / 1.79 / St Catherina/
| M91601 = Mookgopong / Waterberg / LP / 1.20 / Mookgophong/
| M91602 = Mookgopong / Waterberg / LP / 4,263.18 / Mookgopong/
| M91603 = Mookgopong / Waterberg / LP / 5.87 / Naboomspruit/
| M91604 = Mookgopong / Waterberg / LP / 0.46 / Roedtan/
| M91701 = Modimolle / Waterberg / LP / 6,205.57 / Modimolle/
| M91702 = Modimolle / Waterberg / LP / 15.37 / Nylstroom/
| M91703 = Modimolle / Waterberg / LP / 4.26 / Phagameng/
| M91704 = Modimolle / Waterberg / LP / 2.67 / Vaalwater/
| M91801 = Bela-Bela / Waterberg / LP / 22.80 / Belabela/
| M91802 = Bela-Bela / Waterberg / LP / 3,348.42 / Bela-Bela/
| M91803 = Bela-Bela / Waterberg / LP / 4.75 / Warmbaths/
| M91901 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 5.17 / Babirwa/
| M91902 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 1,223.97 / Bakenberg/
| M91903 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 581.60 / Bakoni Manetji/
| M91904 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 130.49 / Ba-Mokopane/
| M91905 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 96.64 / Batlokwa/
| M91906 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 9.24 / Lekalakala/
| M91907 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 10.12 / Mahwelereng/
| M91908 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 2.48 / Matlala/
| M91909 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 2.34 / Matlala Dichoeneng/
| M91910 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 4,021.12 / Mogalakwena/
| M91911 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 23.93 / Mokerong/
| M91912 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 1.30 / Nkiditlana/
| M91913 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 65.97 / Potgietersrus/
| M91914 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 2.60 / Rebone/
| M91915 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 4.00 / Sekgakgapeng/
| M91916 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 0.92 / Tsebishi/
| M91917 = Mogalakwena / Waterberg / LP / 2.50 / Lekalakala/
| M92001 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 64.20 / Kwena Madihlaba/
| M92002 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 81.55 / Kwena Mashabela/
| M92003 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 5.13 / Mampane/
| M92004 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 439.21 / Masemola/
| M92005 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 2.28 / Matlala/
| M92006 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 309.91 / Morwangwato/
| M92007 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 1.63 / Ndebele/
| M92008 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 259.95 / Pedi Mamone/
| M92009 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 249.09 / Phokwane/
| M92010 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 95.88 / Roka Phasha Phokoane/
| M92011 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 574.06 / SMN/
| M92012 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 17.10 / Tisane/
| M92013 = Makhuduthamaga / Sekhukhune / LP / 0.57 / Vergelegen/
| M92101 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 2.96 / Atok Mine/
| M92102 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 479.49 / Baroka-Ba-Nkoana/
| M92103 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 14.19 / Mampa/
| M92104 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 2.03 / Masha Makopele/
| M92105 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 71.49 / Mashabela/
| M92106 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 3.99 / Matholeng/
| M92107 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 5.04 / Phaahla/
| M92108 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 342.80 / Sekhukhuneland/
| M92109 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 25.09 / Seroka/
| M92110 = Fetakgomo / Sekhukhune / LP / 169.03 / Tau-Nchabeleng/
| M92201 = Maruleng / Mopani / LP / 122.29 / Banereng Ba Letsoalo/
| M92202 = Maruleng / Mopani / LP / 210.51 / Banereng Ba Sekororo/
| M92203 = Maruleng / Mopani / LP / 7.17 / Hoedspruit/
| M92204 = Maruleng / Mopani / LP / 21.58 / Letaba/
| M92205 = Maruleng / Mopani / LP / 316.08 / Mametja/
| M92206 = Maruleng / Mopani / LP / 2,543.64 / Maruleng/
| M92207 = Maruleng / Mopani / LP / 10.36 / Naphuno/
| M98301 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 2.34 / Elandskraal/
| M98302 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 678.08 / Matlala/
| M98303 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 61.02 / Mokerong/
| M98304 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 0.25 / Nebo/
| M98305 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 2.62 / Potgietersrus/
| M98306 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 61.65 / Rahlangane/
| M98307 = Ephraim Mogale / Sekhukhune / LP / 2.05 / Van der Merwe's Kraal/
| M98401 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 0.35 / Bakwena/
| M98402 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 0.39 / Barokgoga Bakopa/
| M98403 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 146.78 / Greater Groblersdal/
| M98404 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 4.74 / Matsepe/
| M98405 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 1.09 / Motetema/
| M98406 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 0.39 / Moutse 3/
| M98407 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 220.83 / Ndebele/
| M98408 = Elias Motsoaledi / Sekhukhune / LP / 142.06 / Nebo/
| M98501 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 323.41 / Babina Naare Ba Kgoete/
| M98502 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 61.47 / Marota/
| M98503 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 44.07 / Matlala a Dinkwanyane/
| M98504 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 0.56 / Motodi/
| M98505 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 46.42 / Naphuno/
| M98506 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 6.52 / Penge/
| M98507 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 871.71 / SD/
| M98508 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 4.06 / Sealane/
| M98509 = Greater Tubatse / Sekhukhune / LP / 891.98 / Sekhukhuneland/
| M98601 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 584.12 / Amashangana/
| M98602 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 72.65 / Bushbuckridge/
| M98603 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 1.78 / College View/
| M98604 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 53.19 / Hoxane/
| M98605 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 93.05 / Hoxani/
| M98606 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 256.87 / Jongilanga/
| M98607 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 16.08 / Malele/
| M98608 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 185.69 / Manyeleti/
| M98609 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 35.25 / Mapulaneng/
| M98610 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 111.46 / Mathibela/
| M98611 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 461.03 / Mnisi/
| M98612 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 51.29 / Moletele/
| M98613 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 84.43 / Moreipuso/
| M98614 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 4.70 / Sabiesand Game Reserve/
| M98615 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 168.93 / Setlhare/
| M98616 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 100.14 / Thabakgolo/
| M99601 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 747.21 / Klaserie Nature Reserve/
| M99602 = // LP / 9,801.03 / Kruger National Park/
| M99603 = Mutale / Vhembe / LP / 287.43 / Kruger Park/
| M99604 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 504.62 / Timbavati Nature Reserve/
| M99605 = Bushbuckridge / Ehlanzeni / MP / 203.99 / Umbabati/
&lt;!--                    TOP FIVE LANGUAGES OVER 1% OF POPULATION                                                --&gt;
| L10101 = AF/99.2////////
| L10102 = AF/100////////
| L10103 = AF/96.6/XH/2.7//////
| L10104 = AF/85.1/XH/12.7/TN/1.1////
| L10105 = AF/94.7/XH/3.4//////
| L10106 = AF/96.1/XH/2.6//////
| L10107 = AF/81.8/EN/18.2//////
| L10108 = AF/96.4/EN/1.8/XH/1.6////
| L10109 = AF/87.8/XH/8.9/EN/1.5////
| L10110 = AF/99.2////////
| L10111 = AF/98.1////////
| L10201 = AF/93.8/XH/3.3/TN/1.2////
| L10202 = AF/94.6/XH/4.2//////
| L10203 = AF/88.7/XH/6.5/ST/3.0/EN/1.5//
| L10204 = AF/75.3/XH/22.5/EN/1.3////
| L10205 = AF/99.0////////
| L10206 = AF/90.5/XH/6.9/EN/2.4////
| L10301 = AF/95.6/EN/3.5//////
| L10302 = AF/92.5/XH/4.9/EN/1.6////
| L10303 = /////////
| L10304 = AF/98.2/EN/1.8//////
| L10305 = AF/97.9/XH/2.1//////
| L10306 = AF/98.9/EN/1.1//////
| L10307 = AF/96.6/EN/1.8/XH/1.4////
| L10308 = AF/98.9////////
| L10309 = AF/92.3/EN/6.7//////
| L10310 = AF/88.8/XH/6.2/EN/4.7////
| L10401 = AF/80.2/EN/18.5/XH/1.3////
| L10402 = AF/96.7/EN/3.3//////
| L10403 = AF/97.7/EN/2.3//////
| L10404 = AF/81.2/EN/16.4/XH/1.5////
| L10405 = AF/98.2/EN/1.6//////
| L10406 = AF/92.7/XH/5.5/EN/1.9////
| L10407 = AF/75.3/XH/18.3/EN/4.9////
| L10408 = AF/88.1/EN/6.1/XH/4.9////
| L10409 = AF/73.5/XH/24.2/EN/2.2////
| L10410 = AF/100////////
| L10411 = AF/79.7/XH/14.1/EN/3.8/ST/1.4//
| L10501 = AF/97.1/EN/2.0//////
| L10502 = AF/84.0/EN/12.3/XH/3.8////
| L10503 = AF/91.9/EN/4.2/XH/3.1////
| L10504 = AF/100////////
| L10505 = AF/98.8////////
| L10506 = XH/81.6/ST/10.7/AF/5.6////
| L10507 = AF/85.7/XH/8.5/EN/3.9/ZU/1.6//
| L10508 = AF/91.5/EN/7.6//////
| L10509 = AF/91.9/XH/3.9/EN/3.2////
| L10510 = AF/95.8/XH/1.9/EN/1.6////
| L10511 = AF/90.0/EN/6.4/XH/3.0////
| L10512 = AF/95.5/EN/3.5//////
| L10513 = AF/88.2/XH/9.2/EN/1.3////
| L10514 = EN/56.5/AF/39.1//////
| L10515 = AF/77.6/EN/20.6//////
| L10601 = AF/99.4////////
| L10602 = AF/94.2/EN/3.1/XH/1.8////
| L10603 = XH/88.9/AF/5.4/ST/5.4////
| L10604 = AF/90.0/EN/10.0//////
| L10605 = AF/97.5////////
| L10606 = AF/100////////
| L10607 = AF/97.5/XH/1.4//////
| L10608 = AF/95.9/XH/2.9//////
| L10609 = AF/78.5/XH/18.0/EN/1.7/ST/1.2//
| L10610 = AF/82.2/XH/14.3/ST/2.4////
| L10611 = AF/90.0/XH/8.4//////
| L10701 = AF/90.0/EN/5.0/XH/5.0////
| L10702 = AF/87.8/XH/8.0/EN/2.8/ST/1.1//
| L10703 = XH/96.3/ST/1.9/AF/1.7////
| L10704 = AF/92.9/XH/5.7/EN/1.4////
| L10705 = XH/95.2/ST/2.5//////
| L10706 = AF/85.5/XH/8.5/EN/5.2////
| L10707 = AF/100////////
| L10708 = AF/99.4////////
| L10709 = AF/82.7/XH/12.5/EN/3.5////
| L10710 = AF/88.5/XH/8.3/EN/2.8////
| L10801 = AF/53.8/EN/39.8/XH/4.5////
| L10802 = AF/61.4/XH/35.2/ST/2.2////
| L10803 = /////////
| L10804 = AF/96.5/EN/2.7//////
| L10805 = /////////
| L10806 = XH/92.1/ST/3.6/AF/3.5////
| L10807 = AF/77.0/XH/19.6/ST/2.5////
| L10808 = AF/98.1/EN/1.3//////
| L10809 = AF/95.2/XH/3.5/EN/1.0////
| L10810 = AF/87.6/EN/10.0/XH/2.5////
| L10811 = AF/94.9/EN/4.7//////
| L10812 = AF/50.0/XH/25.0/ST/25.0////
| L10813 = /////////
| L10814 = AF/86.8/EN/11.2//////
| L10815 = AF/97.5/EN/1.7//////
| L10816 = AF/100////////
| L10817 = AF/83.8/XH/8.1/EN/6.4/ST/1.0//
| L10901 = AF/81.1/XH/14.6/EN/2.9////
| L10902 = AF/87.6/XH/10.1/EN/1.3////
| L10903 = AF/57.4/XH/37.0/ST/4.8////
| L10904 = AF/100////////
| L10905 = AF/96.9/EN/2.6//////
| L10906 = AF/100////////
| L10907 = AF/97.7/EN/1.2//////
| L10908 = AF/94.4/EN/2.9/XH/1.9////
| L10909 = XH/92.6/ST/4.9/AF/1.8////
| L11001 = AF/58.7/XH/39.3//////
| L11002 = AF/93.9/XH/4.4//////
| L11003 = AF/94.0/XH/3.8/EN/1.4////
| L11004 = AF/87.1/EN/11.1/XH/1.6////
| L11005 = AF/93.4/EN/5.2//////
| L11006 = XH/83.9/AF/12.7/ST/2.5////
| L11007 = AF/92.5/XH/5.1/EN/1.9////
| L11008 = /////////
| L11101 = AF/99.6////////
| L11102 = AF/83.6/XH/11.6/EN/3.7////
| L11103 = AF/92.1/XH/5.0/EN/2.1////
| L11104 = AF/64.7/EN/35.3//////
| L11105 = AF/100////////
| L11106 = AF/92.6/EN/6.5//////
| L11107 = AF/62.9/XH/29.6/ST/5.4/EN/1.6//
| L11108 = AF/79.3/EN/20.2//////
| L11109 = /////////
| L11110 = /////////
| L11111 = AF/98.2/EN/1.8//////
| L11112 = /////////
| L11113 = AF/90.9/XH/7.3/EN/1.3////
| L11114 = AF/87.5/XH/12.5//////
| L11115 = AF/78.0/XH/16.8/EN/2.5/ST/2.2//
| L11116 = AF/60.7/XH/25.2/ST/8.9/EN/4.2//
| L11201 = AF/61.0/EN/36.5//////
| L11202 = AF/92.9/EN/7.1//////
| L11203 = XH/68.8/AF/31.2//////
| L11204 = EN/100////////
| L11205 = AF/58.2/EN/39.6/XH/1.2////
| L11206 = AF/91.7/EN/8.0//////
| L11207 = AF/94.2/EN/4.8//////
| L11208 = AF/96.6/EN/3.4//////
| L11209 = AF/61.0/XH/21.0/EN/16.6////
| L11210 = AF/64.5/EN/12.9/XH/12.9/ST/9.7//
| L11211 = AF/83.3/EN/15.3/ND/1.4////
| L11212 = AF/65.7/XH/22.9/EN/8.0/ST/2.7//
| L11213 = AF/54.5/EN/31.8/XH/9.1/ZU/4.5//
| L11214 = /////////
| L11215 = XH/94.1/ST/3.3/AF/2.2////
| L11216 = AF/60.8/EN/38.4//////
| L11217 = AF/69.1/XH/16.7/EN/11.6////
| L11218 = /////////
| L11219 = AF/73.2/EN/23.7/XH/2.5////
| L11220 = AF/52.6/EN/42.1//////
| L11221 = EN/65.0/AF/35.0//////
| L11222 = /////////
| L11223 = AF/73.4/EN/25.3//////
| L11224 = AF/73.7/EN/24.6//////
| L11225 = AF/74.1/XH/19.2/EN/5.8////
| L11226 = AF/87.2/EN/12.8//////
| L11227 = /////////
| L11228 = /////////
| L11229 = XH/89.9/ST/3.3/AF/3.1/EN/1.2//
| L11301 = AF/87.3/EN/10.3//////
| L11302 = AF/92.3/EN/7.7//////
| L11303 = AF/91.6/XH/5.2/EN/2.9////
| L11304 = AF/89.9/XH/5.8/EN/2.5/ST/1.3//
| L11305 = AF/50.0/EN/50.0//////
| L11306 = AF/98.6/EN/1.4//////
| L11307 = AF/89.3/EN/7.7/XH/2.7////
| L11308 = AF/90.7/EN/6.3/XH/2.5////
| L11401 = AF/90.5/EN/8.1//////
| L11402 = AF/100////////
| L11403 = AF/100////////
| L11404 = AF/58.3/XH/25.0/EN/16.7////
| L11405 = AF/100////////
| L11406 = AF/98.0/EN/1.6//////
| L11407 = AF/88.1/XH/7.3/EN/4.0////
| L11408 = /////////
| L11409 = AF/90.3/XH/7.3/EN/1.5////
| L11501 = /////////
| L11502 = AF/98.1/EN/1.6//////
| L11503 = AF/97.3/EN/1.9//////
| L11504 = AF/97.4/EN/1.5//////
| L11505 = /////////
| L11506 = AF/77.3/EN/9.1/XH/4.5////
| L11507 = AF/98.4/EN/1.4//////
| L11601 = AF/95.9/EN/1.9/XH/1.7////
| L11602 = /////////
| L11603 = AF/98.5/XH/1.5//////
| L11604 = AF/88.7/EN/8.6/ST/1.3////
| L11605 = AF/90.5/EN/7.4/XH/1.1/ST/1.1//
| L11606 = AF/100////////
| L11607 = AF/95.1/XH/2.5/EN/2.0////
| L11608 = AF/69.0/XH/28.7/ZU/1.9////
| L11609 = AF/95.9/EN/1.7/XH/1.7////
| L11610 = /////////
| L11611 = AF/97.2/EN/2.5//////
| L11612 = AF/99.1////////
| L11613 = /////////
| L11614 = AF/89.7/EN/9.0//////
| L11615 = /////////
| L11616 = AF/68.8/EN/29.7/XH/1.5////
| L11701 = AF/89.1/EN/10.9//////
| L11702 = AF/89.7/EN/10.3//////
| L11703 = AF/84.3/EN/15.1//////
| L11704 = AF/99.7////////
| L11705 = AF/79.2/EN/20.8//////
| L11706 = AF/64.6/EN/34.3/XH/1.1////
| L11707 = AF/94.6/EN/4.4//////
| L11708 = AF/94.4/EN/4.2//////
| L11709 = AF/97.6/EN/2.4//////
| L11710 = XH/68.9/AF/28.6/TN/1.6////
| L11711 = XH/87.3/AF/7.0/ZU/3.2/ST/2.5//
| L11712 = AF/97.8/EN/2.2//////
| L11713 = AF/83.5/EN/15.4//////
| L11714 = XH/70.7/AF/25.5/ST/2.1////
| L11715 = AF/84.1/XH/7.8/EN/7.1////
| L11716 = AF/82.5/EN/11.9/TN/1.7////
| L11717 = AF/86.9/EN/9.5//////
| L11718 = AF/80.0/EN/20.0//////
| L11719 = AF/85.7/EN/13.1/NS/1.2////
| L11720 = AF/88.6/EN/10.9//////
| L11721 = AF/84.6/EN/14.7//////
| L11722 = AF/98.6////////
| L11723 = AF/92.9/EN/3.5/XH/2.1////
| L11801 = AF/93.3/EN/5.8//////
| L11802 = AF/86.2/EN/11.1/XH/2.1////
| L11803 = AF/82.9/EN/13.8/XH/2.0////
| L11804 = /////////
| L11805 = AF/95.4/EN/2.8/XH/1.1////
| L11806 = XH/83.8/AF/13.5//////
| L11807 = AF/96.0/EN/3.1//////
| L11808 = /////////
| L11809 = XH/90.5/AF/7.4//////
| L11810 = AF/50.7/EN/46.1/XH/2.4////
| L11811 = AF/68.1/EN/28.8//////
| L11812 = EN/70.0/AF/30.0//////
| L11813 = AF/71.5/EN/13.8/XH/5.3/TN/3.9/ZU/2.6
| L11814 = AF/83.9/EN/8.0/XH/6.3////
| L11901 = AF/70.9/XH/27.4//////
| L11902 = AF/96.0/EN/4.0//////
| L11903 = AF/97.5/EN/1.4//////
| L11904 = AF/99.5////////
| L11905 = /////////
| L11906 = AF/94.2/EN/2.8/XH/2.2////
| L11907 = /////////
| L11908 = AF/100////////
| L11909 = AF/100////////
| L11910 = AF/97.5/EN/2.1//////
| L12001 = AF/100////////
| L12002 = AF/86.6/EN/13.4//////
| L12003 = EN/59.7/AF/30.6/XH/8.1/ZU/1.6//
| L12004 = AF/46.7/EN/40.0//////
| L12005 = AF/100////////
| L12006 = AF/96.0/EN/2.8//////
| L12007 = AF/78.0/XH/21.1//////
| L12008 = XH/93.7/AF/3.8//////
| L12009 = AF/54.8/EN/45.2//////
| L12010 = XH/87.1/AF/8.8/TN/1.0/TS/1.0//
| L12011 = AF/66.7/EN/29.6/XH/2.6////
| L12012 = AF/91.4/EN/8.1//////
| L12013 = AF/59.8/EN/29.7/XH/7.9/ZU/1.0//
| L12101 = XH/78.9/AF/20.8//////
| L12102 = AF/52.0/EN/46.7//////
| L12103 = AF/92.5/EN/7.5//////
| L12104 = XH/72.7/AF/23.4/ZU/2.2/EN/1.1//
| L12105 = AF/52.8/XH/32.1/EN/13.5////
| L12106 = AF/100////////
| L12107 = AF/57.0/EN/38.0/XH/4.4////
| L12108 = AF/98.1/EN/1.9//////
| L12109 = AF/57.2/EN/31.7/XH/9.4////
| L12110 = AF/50.0/EN/47.1/XH/1.5////
| L12111 = XH/93.6/AF/5.0/EN/1.1////
| L12112 = AF/81.5/EN/12.2/XH/5.7////
| L12201 = AF/97.7/XH/1.4//////
| L12202 = AF/98.9/EN/1.1//////
| L12203 = AF/94.6/EN/5.4//////
| L12301 = AF/99.3////////
| L12302 = AF/97.8/EN/1.8//////
| L12303 = AF/97.9/EN/1.1//////
| L12401 = AF/97.5/XH/1.0//////
| L12402 = XH/80.6/AF/18.1//////
| L12403 = AF/99.5////////
| L12404 = AF/96.1/EN/2.7//////
| L17101 = AF/90.3/EN/8.9//////
| L17102 = AF/71.0/EN/22.7/XH/3.6////
| L17103 = AF/73.3/XH/13.1/EN/12.5////
| L17104 = AF/57.3/XH/25.7/EN/14.8/ST/1.3//
| L17105 = EN/47.3/AF/45.8/XH/1.5////
| L17106 = EN/51.9/AF/43.7/XH/2.7////
| L17107 = AF/73.7/XH/14.4/EN/8.7/ST/1.6//
| L17108 = XH/95.5/AF/1.9/ST/1.7////
| L17109 = XH/82.3/AF/11.7/ST/2.2/ZU/1.3//
| L17110 = AF/56.9/EN/40.7//////
| L17111 = AF/83.5/EN/13.1/XH/2.7////
| L17112 = AF/86.0/EN/12.6//////
| L17113 = AF/73.0/EN/20.6/XH/4.8/ST/1.6//
| L17114 = AF/56.8/XH/39.8/ST/2.4////
| L17115 = EN/87.9/AF/10.2/XH/1.0////
| L17116 = EN/54.2/AF/41.8/XH/2.3////
| L17117 = AF/60.7/EN/37.5//////
| L17118 = XH/94.5/ST/2.0/AF/1.5////
| L17119 = XH/100////////
| L17120 = EN/54.0/AF/41.4/XH/2.2////
| L17121 = XH/83.1/AF/6.4/ZU/4.0////
| L17122 = XH/89.2/AF/4.9/ST/1.6/EN/1.1//
| L17123 = XH/96.8/ST/1.4//////
| L17124 = AF/57.9/XH/26.5/EN/13.2/ST/1.9//
| L17125 = AF/67.6/EN/24.2/XH/6.5////
| L17126 = XH/97.2////////
| L17127 = XH/94.2/ZU/3.7/AF/1.1////
| L17128 = XH/90.1/AF/4.5/ST/3.7////
| L17129 = AF/96.8/EN/3.2//////
| L17130 = XH/91.5/AF/2.4/ZU/1.9/ST/1.7//
| L17131 = AF/56.2/EN/39.7/XH/1.6////
| L17132 = XH/83.9/AF/8.9/ST/4.2/EN/1.6//
| L17133 = EN/68.4/AF/19.8/XH/8.6////
| L17134 = AF/40.0/XH/30.3/EN/28.5////
| L17135 = XH/83.8/ST/7.1/AF/6.9////
| L17136 = EN/87.3/AF/7.0/XH/2.8////
| L17137 = XH/96.6/ST/1.7//////
| L17138 = AF/72.8/EN/24.3/XH/1.4////
| L17139 = AF/99.7////////
| L17140 = AF/41.5/XH/33.0/EN/20.5/ST/3.4//
| L17141 = EN/78.0/AF/19.5//////
| L17142 = EN/65.9/AF/19.2/XH/10.4/ZU/1.0//
| L17143 = AF/77.9/XH/18.2/EN/2.3////
| L17144 = AF/69.3/EN/27.0/XH/2.0////
| L17145 = AF/81.4/EN/12.0/XH/5.5////
| L17146 = XH/82.5/AF/9.8/ST/6.9////
| L19101 = AF/95.4/XH/2.3/EN/2.0////
| L19102 = AF/86.8/XH/7.9/EN/4.0////
| L19103 = /////////
| L19104 = AF/98.8/EN/1.2//////
| L19105 = /////////
| L19106 = /////////
| L19107 = AF/99.4////////
| L19108 = AF/99.6////////
| L19109 = /////////
| L19110 = /////////
| L19111 = AF/99.1////////
| L19201 = AF/80.5/XH/16.5/EN/1.2////
| L19202 = /////////
| L19301 = AF/87.8/EN/10.7/XH/1.5////
| L19302 = AF/83.6/EN/16.4//////
| L19401 = /////////
| L19402 = /////////
| L19403 = AF/99.1////////
| L19404 = AF/94.4/EN/5.6//////
| L19405 = /////////
| L19406 = AF/97.5/EN/1.3/XH/1.1////
| L19407 = /////////
| L19408 = AF/97.2/XH/1.6//////
| L19501 = AF/95.8/EN/2.9//////
| L19502 = AF/47.2/XH/33.3/EN/19.4////
| L19503 = AF/67.8/XH/22.9/EN/2.1////
| L19504 = AF/97.2/XH/1.9//////
| L20101 = AF/95.6/EN/2.8//////
| L20102 = AF/90.5/EN/7.0/XH/2.2////
| L20103 = AF/92.3/EN/4.9/XH/2.5////
| L20104 = AF/92.3/EN/4.5/XH/2.7////
| L20105 = XH/79.4/AF/19.9//////
| L20106 = XH/73.9/AF/25.3//////
| L20201 = XH/56.1/AF/40.0/EN/2.7////
| L20202 = XH/97.9/AF/2.0//////
| L20203 = AF/66.5/XH/29.1/EN/1.9////
| L20204 = XH/88.0/AF/12.0//////
| L20205 = XH/95.8/AF/3.6//////
| L20206 = AF/93.3/XH/6.0//////
| L20207 = AF/78.6/XH/17.7/EN/3.5////
| L20301 = AF/88.7/XH/7.7/EN/3.5////
| L20302 = AF/89.3/XH/10.1//////
| L20303 = AF/77.4/XH/21.6//////
| L20304 = XH/51.5/AF/48.3//////
| L20305 = AF/55.0/XH/43.5//////
| L20401 = AF/58.7/XH/25.6/EN/15.7////
| L20402 = XH/99.3////////
| L20403 = AF/35.8/EN/32.2/XH/30.2////
| L20404 = XH/76.6/AF/17.4/EN/5.9////
| L20405 = XH/98.9////////
| L20406 = XH/72.5/AF/27.3//////
| L20501 = AF/61.0/XH/32.4/EN/6.2////
| L20502 = EN/71.3/AF/15.2/XH/12.0/ST/1.0//
| L20503 = AF/79.2/EN/15.3/XH/4.2/ND/1.4//
| L20504 = EN/48.3/AF/40.2/XH/11.5////
| L20505 = XH/99.6////////
| L20506 = XH/62.5/EN/37.5//////
| L20507 = XH/73.8/EN/18.8/AF/6.8////
| L20508 = XH/83.3/AF/16.7//////
| L20509 = XH/99.4////////
| L20510 = XH/80.3/AF/10.8/EN/8.4////
| L20511 = XH/98.9////////
| L20512 = XH/98.9////////
| L20513 = EN/45.9/AF/33.7/XH/19.2////
| L20601 = AF/79.7/XH/18.6/EN/1.4////
| L20602 = XH/70.0/AF/30.0//////
| L20603 = XH/94.2/EN/3.5/AF/1.7////
| L20604 = XH/97.2/AF/1.9//////
| L20605 = AF/99.6////////
| L20606 = AF/90.2/XH/6.4/EN/2.8////
| L20607 = XH/90.7/AF/7.9//////
| L20608 = XH/98.9////////
| L20609 = AF/92.0/XH/7.6//////
| L20610 = XH/73.0/AF/23.6/EN/2.7////
| L20701 = AF/94.5/XH/3.5/EN/1.9////
| L20702 = AF/92.4/EN/5.5/XH/2.1////
| L20703 = AF/70.0/XH/29.9//////
| L20704 = AF/96.1/XH/3.0//////
| L20801 = AF/65.0/EN/32.7/XH/1.6////
| L20802 = AF/50.9/EN/47.3/SS/1.8////
| L20803 = AF/57.7/XH/38.9/EN/2.4////
| L20804 = AF/94.6/EN/2.9/XH/2.2////
| L20805 = AF/64.4/XH/21.9/EN/10.7/ZU/1.2/ST/1.0
| L20806 = AF/72.0/XH/24.8/EN/2.2////
| L20807 = XH/94.6/AF/3.3/ZU/1.1////
| L20808 = AF/78.6/XH/20.9//////
| L20809 = AF/83.6/XH/11.2/ND/1.7////
| L20810 = AF/74.4/EN/20.7/XH/1.2////
| L20811 = AF/63.4/XH/36.3//////
| L20812 = AF/41.7/XH/33.4/EN/21.5/ST/1.4/ZU/1.2
| L20813 = AF/92.8/XH/7.2//////
| L20814 = AF/63.3/XH/35.2//////
| L20815 = XH/80.3/AF/19.4//////
| L20901 = XH/80.8/AF/15.3/EN/2.8/ST/1.1//
| L20902 = AF/78.3/XH/17.9/EN/3.5////
| L20903 = AF/89.0/EN/7.8/XH/2.5////
| L20904 = XH/72.1/AF/27.9//////
| L20905 = AF/94.8/EN/3.6/XH/1.6////
| L20906 = AF/80.4/XH/16.2/EN/1.8/ST/1.3//
| L20907 = AF/94.6/XH/5.2//////
| L20908 = AF/77.4/XH/20.2/ST/1.8////
| L20909 = AF/61.3/XH/35.6/ST/2.2////
| L20910 = AF/73.7/XH/19.2/EN/6.0/VE/1.0//
| L20911 = AF/100////////
| L20912 = AF/87.3/XH/10.6/ZU/1.1/ST/1.1//
| L20913 = AF/92.6/XH/6.7//////
| L20914 = AF/84.9/XH/15.0//////
| L20915 = AF/35.7/EN/28.6/XH/21.4/ST/14.3//
| L20916 = AF/76.5/XH/22.4//////
| L21001 = XH/99.7////////
| L21002 = XH/99.5////////
| L21003 = XH/99.3////////
| L21004 = XH/99.3////////
| L21005 = XH/99.3////////
| L21006 = XH/97.0////////
| L21007 = XH/99.3////////
| L21008 = XH/99.3////////
| L21009 = XH/99.8////////
| L21010 = XH/99.3////////
| L21011 = XH/98.9////////
| L21012 = XH/99.3////////
| L21013 = /////////
| L21014 = XH/99.3////////
| L21015 = XH/99.3////////
| L21016 = XH/98.9////////
| L21017 = XH/99.3////////
| L21018 = XH/97.9/EN/1.4//////
| L21019 = XH/97.9////////
| L21101 = XH/99.4////////
| L21102 = XH/99.3////////
| L21103 = XH/100////////
| L21104 = XH/99.5////////
| L21105 = XH/96.9/EN/1.7//////
| L21106 = XH/99.5////////
| L21107 = XH/99.3////////
| L21108 = XH/99.9////////
| L21109 = XH/99.2////////
| L21110 = XH/99.8////////
| L21111 = XH/98.5////////
| L21112 = XH/99.5////////
| L21113 = XH/99.0////////
| L21114 = XH/99.2////////
| L21115 = XH/85.7/EN/14.3//////
| L21116 = XH/99.3////////
| L21117 = XH/86.0/EN/4.1/ND/2.1/ZU/1.7/TN/1.2
| L21118 = XH/99.5////////
| L21119 = XH/99.0////////
| L21120 = XH/99.2////////
| L21121 = XH/99.9////////
| L21122 = XH/100////////
| L21123 = XH/97.2/ST/1.1//////
| L21124 = /////////
| L21125 = XH/99.5////////
| L21126 = XH/73.9/EN/26.1//////
| L21127 = XH/100////////
| L21128 = XH/99.5////////
| L21129 = XH/99.0////////
| L21130 = XH/99.2////////
| L21131 = XH/100////////
| L21201 = EN/70.0/AF/19.9/XH/9.9////
| L21202 = XH/69.4/EN/21.8/AF/7.7////
| L21203 = XH/96.5/AF/3.3//////
| L21204 = XH/86.8/EN/11.2/AF/1.8////
| L21205 = XH/60.5/EN/34.2/AF/5.3////
| L21206 = EN/57.4/AF/33.1/XH/9.5////
| L21207 = XH/45.6/AF/29.7/EN/23.8////
| L21208 = XH/98.5////////
| L21209 = EN/90.6/AF/9.4//////
| L21210 = XH/98.5/EN/1.2//////
| L21211 = XH/70.9/EN/24.5/AF/4.0////
| L21212 = XH/100////////
| L21213 = XH/98.9////////
| L21301 = XH/99.2////////
| L21302 = XH/99.4////////
| L21303 = XH/99.8////////
| L21304 = XH/71.2/EN/18.3/AF/9.7////
| L21305 = XH/99.3////////
| L21306 = XH/96.6/AF/3.2//////
| L21307 = /////////
| L21308 = XH/99.4////////
| L21309 = XH/92.8/EN/5.1/AF/1.7////
| L21310 = XH/100////////
| L21311 = XH/87.5/AF/9.4/EN/3.1////
| L21312 = XH/99.4////////
| L21313 = XH/98.9////////
| L21314 = XH/99.8////////
| L21315 = XH/95.3/AF/4.0//////
| L21316 = XH/99.1////////
| L21317 = XH/100////////
| L21318 = XH/100////////
| L21319 = XH/99.0////////
| L21320 = XH/99.3////////
| L21321 = XH/57.5/AF/21.9/EN/19.9////
| L21322 = XH/99.5////////
| L21323 = XH/99.6////////
| L21324 = XH/99.5////////
| L21325 = XH/99.6////////
| L21326 = XH/89.3/EN/7.8/AF/2.3////
| L21327 = XH/98.9////////
| L21401 = XH/99.0////////
| L21402 = XH/99.3////////
| L21403 = XH/98.9////////
| L21404 = XH/99.1////////
| L21405 = XH/99.3////////
| L21406 = XH/98.6////////
| L21407 = XH/81.8/EN/10.8/AF/4.9/ZU/1.3/ST/1.0
| L21408 = XH/95.2/EN/2.5/AF/1.2////
| L21409 = AF/84.9/XH/12.8/EN/2.1////
| L21410 = XH/69.2/EN/25.2/AF/5.0////
| L21411 = EN/64.2/XH/22.0/AF/12.5////
| L21412 = XH/98.4////////
| L21413 = XH/98.9////////
| L21414 = XH/51.3/EN/30.9/AF/16.6////
| L21415 = AF/76.0/XH/15.5/EN/7.6////
| L21416 = XH/99.5////////
| L21417 = XH/98.8/ZU/1.2//////
| L21418 = XH/98.7////////
| L21419 = XH/96.9/AF/1.4/EN/1.2////
| L21420 = EN/64.4/AF/17.7/XH/16.1////
| L21421 = XH/99.5////////
| L21422 = XH/98.8////////
| L21423 = /////////
| L21424 = XH/98.7////////
| L21425 = XH/100////////
| L21426 = XH/98.8////////
| L21427 = XH/100////////
| L21428 = XH/47.3/EN/45.9/AF/6.8////
| L21429 = XH/99.0////////
| L21430 = EN/53.2/AF/24.1/XH/21.3/ND/1.4//
| L21431 = XH/75.1/EN/12.2/AF/11.1////
| L21432 = XH/74.6/EN/25.4//////
| L21433 = XH/99.2////////
| L21434 = XH/98.8////////
| L21435 = XH/47.8/EN/23.9/AF/19.6/ST/8.7//
| L21436 = XH/99.3////////
| L21437 = XH/99.0////////
| L21438 = XH/98.7////////
| L21439 = AF/70.1/XH/18.6/EN/10.9////
| L21440 = XH/47.0/AF/42.8/EN/10.1////
| L21441 = XH/99.3////////
| L21442 = XH/80.1/AF/18.0/EN/1.3////
| L21443 = XH/99.1////////
| L21444 = XH/99.4////////
| L21445 = XH/14.5////////
| L21446 = XH/99.8////////
| L21447 = XH/99.0////////
| L21448 = EN/72.1/AF/13.5/XH/13.5////
| L21449 = XH/100////////
| L21450 = XH/99.6////////
| L21451 = EN/74.3/AF/17.1/XH/8.2////
| L21452 = XH/100////////
| L21453 = XH/99.4////////
| L21454 = XH/98.2////////
| L21455 = XH/98.9////////
| L21501 = XH/99.2////////
| L21502 = XH/97.9/TN/2.1//////
| L21503 = XH/98.8////////
| L21504 = XH/99.7////////
| L21505 = XH/99.6////////
| L21506 = XH/81.3/EN/15.5/AF/3.1////
| L21507 = XH/99.5////////
| L21508 = XH/99.4////////
| L21509 = XH/99.2////////
| L21510 = XH/98.9////////
| L21511 = XH/77.8/ST/22.2//////
| L21512 = XH/99.6////////
| L21513 = XH/94.8/EN/5.2//////
| L21514 = XH/99.2////////
| L21515 = XH/98.9////////
| L21516 = XH/98.8////////
| L21517 = XH/97.2/AF/2.2//////
| L21601 = XH/83.2/AF/8.9/EN/2.1/ST/1.6//
| L21602 = XH/99.6////////
| L21603 = XH/99.3////////
| L21604 = XH/99.3////////
| L21605 = XH/99.5////////
| L21606 = XH/91.0/AF/7.9//////
| L21607 = XH/94.2/AF/5.8//////
| L21608 = XH/99.4////////
| L21609 = XH/69.2/AF/29.4/EN/1.2////
| L21610 = XH/98.6////////
| L21611 = XH/60.1/AF/36.1/EN/2.7////
| L21612 = XH/99.2////////
| L21613 = XH/99.8////////
| L21614 = XH/62.8/EN/33.0/AF/3.2////
| L21615 = XH/98.9////////
| L21616 = XH/100////////
| L21617 = XH/100////////
| L21618 = XH/91.0/AF/7.7//////
| L21619 = XH/100////////
| L21620 = XH/71.4/AF/28.6//////
| L21621 = XH/86.3/AF/5.4/NS/5.3/ST/1.3//
| L21622 = XH/100////////
| L21623 = XH/99.8////////
| L21624 = XH/90.1/EN/5.8/AF/3.9////
| L21625 = XH/98.6////////
| L21626 = XH/77.3/AF/22.7//////
| L21627 = XH/98.5////////
| L21628 = XH/99.8////////
| L21701 = AF/70.3/XH/19.7/EN/9.4////
| L21702 = AF/63.2/XH/29.1/EN/7.4////
| L21703 = XH/98.7////////
| L21704 = XH/82.9/AF/12.2/EN/4.8////
| L21705 = XH/94.1/AF/5.4//////
| L21801 = AF/86.0/XH/11.4/EN/2.1////
| L21802 = AF/50.8/XH/46.2/EN/2.8////
| L21803 = XH/98.0/AF/1.4//////
| L21804 = XH/95.2/AF/4.6//////
| L21805 = AF/82.4/XH/15.5/EN/1.8////
| L21901 = XH/98.3////////
| L21902 = XH/97.9/ST/1.6//////
| L21903 = XH/81.9/ST/17.5//////
| L21904 = XH/85.0/AF/13.7//////
| L21905 = XH/100////////
| L21906 = AF/52.9/XH/37.1/EN/9.8////
| L21907 = XH/69.6/AF/24.9/EN/4.6////
| L21908 = XH/97.7/AF/1.3//////
| L22001 = XH/78.6/AF/15.9/EN/5.0////
| L22002 = XH/97.3/AF/2.0//////
| L22003 = XH/46.4/AF/44.5/EN/8.4////
| L22004 = XH/99.2////////
| L22005 = XH/49.4/AF/43.5/EN/5.7////
| L22101 = XH/98.9////////
| L22102 = XH/99.2////////
| L22103 = XH/99.2////////
| L22104 = XH/98.5////////
| L22105 = XH/99.7////////
| L22106 = XH/99.0////////
| L22107 = XH/99.5////////
| L22108 = XH/97.8/EN/1.4//////
| L22109 = XH/92.9/EN/4.2/AF/2.2////
| L22110 = XH/97.3/AF/2.0//////
| L22111 = XH/99.6////////
| L22112 = XH/42.9/AF/40.0/EN/15.6////
| L22113 = XH/99.4////////
| L22114 = XH/95.7/EN/3.7//////
| L22115 = XH/86.4/EN/11.4/AF/2.3////
| L22116 = XH/98.2/ST/1.1//////
| L22201 = XH/99.1////////
| L22202 = XH/99.0////////
| L22203 = XH/99.6////////
| L22204 = XH/97.6////////
| L22205 = XH/99.7////////
| L22206 = XH/98.2////////
| L22207 = XH/99.1////////
| L22208 = XH/99.1////////
| L22209 = XH/99.4////////
| L22210 = XH/99.5////////
| L22211 = XH/99.8////////
| L22212 = XH/100////////
| L22213 = XH/99.2////////
| L22214 = XH/99.5////////
| L22215 = XH/100////////
| L22216 = XH/98.5////////
| L22217 = XH/99.5////////
| L22218 = XH/99.4////////
| L22219 = XH/99.6////////
| L22220 = XH/99.6////////
| L22221 = XH/99.4////////
| L22222 = XH/99.5////////
| L22223 = XH/98.0/VE/1.1//////
| L22224 = XH/99.6////////
| L22225 = XH/99.5////////
| L22226 = XH/97.5////////
| L22301 = XH/99.3////////
| L22302 = XH/100////////
| L22303 = XH/81.3/AF/15.8/EN/2.0////
| L22304 = XH/93.7/AF/3.8/EN/2.2////
| L22305 = XH/99.4////////
| L22306 = XH/99.4////////
| L22307 = XH/99.1////////
| L22308 = XH/98.6////////
| L22309 = XH/82.9/AF/13.1/EN/1.9////
| L22310 = XH/99.6////////
| L22311 = XH/97.6/EN/1.9//////
| L22312 = XH/99.2////////
| L22313 = XH/98.9////////
| L22314 = XH/99.7////////
| L22315 = XH/99.7////////
| L22316 = XH/97.6/SS/1.0//////
| L22317 = XH/99.3////////
| L22318 = XH/98.9////////
| L22401 = XH/99.4////////
| L22402 = XH/99.5////////
| L22403 = XH/98.7////////
| L22404 = XH/97.6////////
| L22405 = XH/99.5////////
| L22406 = XH/99.6////////
| L22407 = XH/99.4////////
| L22408 = XH/99.5////////
| L22409 = XH/99.5////////
| L22410 = XH/98.9////////
| L22411 = XH/98.4////////
| L22412 = XH/99.6////////
| L22413 = XH/99.2////////
| L22501 = XH/97.7////////
| L22502 = XH/99.5////////
| L22503 = XH/91.1/AF/6.1/EN/1.8////
| L22504 = XH/99.8////////
| L22505 = XH/99.3////////
| L22506 = XH/98.4////////
| L22507 = XH/91.3/AF/6.1/EN/2.1////
| L22508 = XH/100////////
| L22509 = XH/99.0////////
| L22510 = XH/100////////
| L22601 = XH/87.0/ST/12.4//////
| L22602 = XH/99.4////////
| L22603 = XH/99.6////////
| L22604 = ST/69.2/XH/29.8//////
| L22605 = XH/86.6/ST/12.9//////
| L22606 = ST/60.4/XH/38.8//////
| L22607 = XH/79.7/AF/7.4/ST/7.1/EN/3.6/ZU/1.8
| L22608 = XH/93.4/ST/5.6//////
| L22609 = XH/94.1/ST/4.7//////
| L22610 = XH/81.7/AF/12.6/EN/3.0/ST/2.3//
| L22611 = XH/99.5////////
| L22612 = XH/99.3////////
| L22613 = XH/99.7////////
| L22614 = XH/61.4/ST/36.8//////
| L22615 = XH/99.0////////
| L22616 = XH/98.9////////
| L22617 = XH/100////////
| L22618 = XH/98.5/ST/1.1//////
| L22619 = XH/88.1/AF/8.1/EN/2.8////
| L22620 = XH/90.2/ST/9.7//////
| L22701 = XH/97.7/ST/2.2//////
| L22702 = XH/79.3/ST/19.5//////
| L22703 = XH/68.3/AF/24.0/ST/3.6/EN/2.5/TN/1.3
| L22704 = XH/62.8/ST/35.9//////
| L22705 = ST/69.0/XH/30.0//////
| L22706 = XH/92.5/ST/5.9/AF/1.1////
| L22707 = XH/89.1/ST/10.4//////
| L22708 = XH/58.7/ST/40.1//////
| L22709 = AF/67.0/XH/17.2/EN/7.8/ST/5.9//
| L22710 = XH/66.7/ST/33.3//////
| L22711 = XH/86.8/ST/12.4//////
| L22712 = XH/86.9/ST/12.3//////
| L22713 = XH/79.4/ST/20.6//////
| L22714 = XH/62.8/ST/18.6/EN/16.3/AF/2.3//
| L22715 = XH/98.0/AF/2.0//////
| L22716 = XH/74.9/ST/13.3/AF/9.8/EN/1.9//
| L22717 = XH/76.2/ST/19.5/EN/3.3////
| L22718 = XH/93.6/ST/5.6//////
| L22719 = XH/86.6/ST/13.4//////
| L22801 = AF/59.3/XH/27.2/ST/8.7/EN/4.0//
| L22802 = XH/65.4/ST/32.7/AF/1.1////
| L22803 = XH/87.3/AF/10.2/EN/1.1////
| L22804 = XH/71.7/AF/14.1/ST/11.8/EN/2.0//
| L22805 = XH/96.0/ST/4.0//////
| L22901 = AF/63.6/XH/33.4/ST/1.6////
| L22902 = XH/61.3/AF/34.4/EN/2.5/ST/1.6//
| L22903 = XH/85.4/AF/14.2//////
| L22904 = XH/94.7/ST/3.2/AF/1.9////
| L22905 = XH/93.1/ST/6.3//////
| L22906 = AF/98.4/XH/1.6//////
| L22907 = AF/75.2/EN/13.0/XH/11.8////
| L22908 = AF/62.2/XH/25.7/EN/10.8////
| L22909 = XH/95.3/ST/2.2/AF/2.0////
| L22910 = AF/74.4/XH/18.6/EN/5.1/ST/1.7//
| L23001 = XH/97.1/ZU/1.2//////
| L23002 = XH/97.3////////
| L23003 = XH/93.3/EN/1.5/ST/1.2////
| L23004 = XH/97.3////////
| L23005 = XH/97.6/ST/1.7//////
| L23006 = XH/99.1////////
| L23007 = XH/98.4////////
| L23008 = XH/95.8/ZU/2.0/EN/1.3////
| L23009 = XH/98.2////////
| L23010 = XH/99.2////////
| L23011 = XH/99.7////////
| L23012 = XH/97.3////////
| L23013 = XH/99.5////////
| L23101 = XH/99.3////////
| L23102 = XH/99.0////////
| L23103 = XH/100////////
| L23104 = XH/98.2/EN/1.8//////
| L23105 = XH/97.5/ST/1.7//////
| L23106 = XH/98.9////////
| L23107 = XH/100////////
| L23108 = XH/97.0/EN/1.9//////
| L23109 = XH/99.0////////
| L23201 = XH/99.0////////
| L23202 = XH/100////////
| L23203 = XH/99.2////////
| L23204 = XH/99.5////////
| L23205 = XH/99.6////////
| L23206 = XH/99.1////////
| L23207 = XH/94.8/EN/2.0/ZU/1.2////
| L23208 = XH/97.8/EN/1.2//////
| L23209 = XH/93.6/EN/4.1/ZU/1.2////
| L23210 = XH/100////////
| L23211 = XH/98.1/EN/1.5//////
| L23212 = XH/99.1////////
| L23213 = XH/98.8////////
| L23214 = XH/99.2////////
| L23215 = XH/98.9////////
| L23216 = XH/99.6////////
| L23217 = XH/97.6/ZU/1.2//////
| L23218 = XH/99.3////////
| L23301 = XH/99.8////////
| L23302 = XH/98.9////////
| L23303 = XH/98.8////////
| L23304 = XH/98.6////////
| L23305 = XH/99.1////////
| L23306 = XH/98.5////////
| L23307 = XH/98.9////////
| L23308 = XH/92.3/EN/5.6/AF/1.3////
| L23309 = XH/98.6////////
| L23310 = XH/83.4/EN/15.6/ZU/1.0////
| L23401 = XH/97.7////////
| L23402 = XH/96.9/EN/2.3//////
| L23403 = XH/99.3////////
| L23404 = XH/98.0////////
| L23405 = XH/97.4/SS/2.1//////
| L23406 = XH/98.4/EN/1.1//////
| L23407 = XH/97.2/EN/2.4//////
| L23408 = XH/99.2////////
| L23409 = XH/99.0////////
| L23410 = XH/98.3////////
| L23411 = XH/98.6////////
| L23412 = XH/99.0////////
| L23413 = XH/99.5////////
| L23414 = XH/99.0////////
| L23415 = /////////
| L23416 = XH/99.4////////
| L23417 = /////////
| L23418 = XH/100////////
| L23501 = XH/99.1////////
| L23502 = XH/99.4////////
| L23503 = /////////
| L23504 = XH/100////////
| L23505 = /////////
| L23506 = XH/99.6////////
| L23507 = XH/96.7/ZU/2.9//////
| L23508 = XH/99.5////////
| L23509 = XH/98.6////////
| L23510 = XH/99.4////////
| L23511 = XH/99.6////////
| L23512 = XH/99.4////////
| L23513 = XH/100////////
| L23514 = XH/99.6////////
| L23515 = XH/99.3////////
| L23516 = XH/99.0////////
| L23517 = XH/99.4////////
| L23518 = XH/100////////
| L23519 = XH/99.1////////
| L23520 = XH/100////////
| L23521 = XH/98.8////////
| L23522 = XH/99.5////////
| L23523 = XH/98.7////////
| L23524 = XH/97.3////////
| L23525 = XH/98.4/EN/1.4//////
| L23526 = XH/89.2/EN/3.3/ZU/3.0/AF/2.0/ST/1.4
| L23601 = XH/99.4////////
| L23602 = XH/98.5////////
| L23603 = XH/56.3/EN/38.6/AF/4.1/SS/1.0//
| L23604 = XH/99.5////////
| L23605 = XH/100////////
| L23606 = XH/99.3////////
| L23607 = XH/98.6////////
| L23608 = XH/98.6////////
| L23609 = XH/99.6////////
| L23610 = XH/98.9////////
| L23611 = XH/99.2////////
| L23612 = XH/99.3////////
| L23613 = XH/97.9/EN/1.0//////
| L23614 = XH/99.4////////
| L23615 = XH/99.3////////
| L23616 = XH/99.5////////
| L23617 = /////////
| L23618 = XH/98.5////////
| L23619 = XH/99.4////////
| L23620 = XH/98.8////////
| L23621 = XH/98.0/EN/1.0//////
| L23622 = XH/98.8/EN/1.2//////
| L23623 = XH/99.6////////
| L23624 = XH/98.5////////
| L23625 = XH/98.2////////
| L23626 = XH/94.0/EN/3.8//////
| L23627 = XH/99.1////////
| L23628 = XH/99.5////////
| L23629 = XH/98.9////////
| L23630 = XH/99.4////////
| L23701 = XH/63.2/ZU/36.8//////
| L23702 = XH/81.8/ZU/13.2/AF/3.9////
| L23703 = XH/50.0/ZU/34.3//////
| L23704 = XH/65.4/ZU/33.2//////
| L23705 = XH/76.0/ZU/21.9/ST/1.1////
| L23706 = XH/60.4/ZU/37.0/ST/2.0////
| L23707 = XH/88.1/ZU/11.6//////
| L23708 = XH/92.1/ZU/7.2//////
| L23709 = XH/70.3/ZU/17.7//////
| L23710 = XH/63.7/ZU/32.5/ST/1.5////
| L23711 = XH/87.3/ZU/10.7/ST/1.2////
| L23712 = XH/79.9/ZU/17.2//////
| L23713 = XH/46.3/ST/38.0/ZU/15.7////
| L23714 = XH/59.8/ZU/12.6//////
| L23715 = XH/76.4/ZU/20.7//////
| L23716 = XH/75.9/ZU/22.6//////
| L23717 = XH/93.6/ZU/5.9//////
| L23718 = XH/61.0/ZU/30.1//////
| L23719 = XH/64.6/ZU/19.9/ST/10.0/ND/3.7//
| L23720 = XH/33.3/ZU/28.9/ST/22.2////
| L23721 = XH/54.5/ZU/31.8/ST/13.6////
| L23722 = XH/76.8/ZU/20.3//////
| L23723 = XH/65.2/ZU/18.6//////
| L23724 = XH/56.6/ZU/20.4/EN/14.9/ST/2.7//
| L23725 = XH/66.4/ZU/27.9/EN/3.7/AF/1.2//
| L23801 = XH/95.7/ST/3.8//////
| L23802 = ST/62.8/XH/36.0//////
| L23803 = XH/99.4////////
| L23804 = XH/99.4////////
| L23805 = XH/99.3////////
| L23806 = XH/98.5/ST/1.0//////
| L23807 = XH/92.9/ST/6.4//////
| L23808 = XH/99.6////////
| L23809 = XH/98.9////////
| L23810 = XH/52.4/ST/45.4//////
| L23811 = XH/77.7/ST/21.2//////
| L23812 = XH/95.4/ST/3.5//////
| L23813 = XH/99.2////////
| L23814 = XH/99.3////////
| L23815 = ST/63.8/XH/35.1//////
| L23816 = XH/95.6/ZU/1.6//////
| L23817 = XH/95.7/EN/1.3/ST/1.1////
| L23818 = XH/99.4////////
| L23819 = XH/77.2/ST/15.0/ZU/3.8////
| L23820 = XH/56.1/ST/41.1/ZU/1.1////
| L23821 = XH/99.2////////
| L23822 = XH/98.6////////
| L23823 = XH/100////////
| L23825 = XH/71.2/ST/23.4/ZU/4.6////
| L27501 = AF/50.8/EN/45.4/XH/1.2////
| L27502 = AF/68.0/XH/21.1/EN/9.9////
| L27503 = AF/54.5/EN/37.7/XH/8.1////
| L27504 = AF/51.0/EN/47.4/XH/1.5////
| L27505 = AF/71.2/XH/14.9/EN/13.9////
| L27506 = AF/75.4/XH/20.4/EN/3.6////
| L27507 = XH/97.0/AF/2.1//////
| L27508 = XH/98.5////////
| L27509 = AF/74.9/XH/24.0//////
| L27510 = XH/89.3/AF/9.9//////
| L27511 = XH/55.1/AF/43.8//////
| L27512 = XH/89.3/AF/9.1//////
| L27513 = XH/98.6////////
| L27514 = XH/98.4////////
| L27515 = XH/47.3/AF/39.9/EN/11.6////
| L27516 = AF/47.5/EN/39.6/XH/11.5////
| L27517 = EN/53.8/AF/41.3/XH/2.0////
| L27518 = AF/76.5/EN/11.5/XH/11.5////
| L27519 = XH/37.8/AF/34.4/EN/26.7////
| L27520 = AF/64.2/EN/23.2/XH/12.6////
| L29101 = AF/88.4/XH/7.9/EN/3.3////
| L29102 = XH/100////////
| L29103 = AF/76.9/EN/15.4/XH/7.7////
| L29104 = AF/100////////
| L29105 = AF/83.7/EN/8.2/XH/8.2////
| L29201 = XH/100////////
| L29202 = XH/87.0/AF/8.7//////
| L29301 = AF/100////////
| L29401 = /////////
| L30101 = AF/96.1/EN/1.9/XH/1.2////
| L30102 = AF/99.3////////
| L30103 = AF/85.6////////
| L30104 = AF/100////////
| L30105 = AF/79.1/EN/19.2//////
| L30106 = AF/81.5/XH/10.8/EN/3.2/ST/1.3/ZU/1.0
| L30107 = AF/97.3////////
| L30108 = AF/82.7/XH/7.3//////
| L30201 = AF/100////////
| L30202 = AF/100////////
| L30203 = AF/83.7/XH/10.7/ST/2.2/EN/1.2/TN/1.2
| L30204 = AF/99.6////////
| L30205 = AF/74.3/XH/12.9/EN/10.2/ST/1.4//
| L30206 = AF/99.4////////
| L30207 = AF/96.7/XH/2.3//////
| L30208 = AF/95.5/ST/1.2/EN/1.1////
| L30209 = AF/97.0/XH/1.8//////
| L30210 = AF/97.4////////
| L30211 = AF/99.3////////
| L30212 = AF/95.8/XH/3.0//////
| L30301 = AF/99.5////////
| L30302 = AF/93.3/XH/3.9/ST/1.7////
| L30303 = AF/100////////
| L30304 = AF/99.6////////
| L30305 = AF/96.7/XH/1.7//////
| L30306 = AF/100////////
| L30307 = AF/100////////
| L30308 = AF/100////////
| L30309 = AF/89.2/EN/5.8/XH/4.6////
| L30310 = AF/99.6////////
| L30311 = AF/100////////
| L30312 = AF/98.2/ST/1.2//////
| L30313 = AF/98.2/EN/1.8//////
| L30314 = AF/100////////
| L30315 = AF/100////////
| L30316 = AF/100////////
| L30401 = AF/98.7////////
| L30402 = AF/98.4////////
| L30403 = AF/98.6////////
| L30404 = AF/99.8////////
| L30405 = AF/97.9/EN/1.7//////
| L30501 = AF/98.5////////
| L30502 = AF/99.0////////
| L30503 = AF/98.0/EN/1.7//////
| L30504 = AF/98.6/EN/1.2//////
| L30601 = AF/86.8/XH/6.6/TN/3.5/EN/2.9//
| L30602 = AF/73.6/TN/25.5//////
| L30603 = AF/99.0////////
| L30604 = AF/99.2////////
| L30605 = AF/97.3/XH/1.2//////
| L30701 = AF/96.1/EN/3.1//////
| L30702 = XH/62.2/AF/36.0//////
| L30703 = AF/95.6/XH/3.6//////
| L30704 = XH/82.6/AF/14.8/ND/2.1////
| L30705 = AF/96.2/XH/1.9/EN/1.4////
| L30706 = AF/98.4////////
| L30801 = AF/91.4/XH/5.1/EN/1.3////
| L30802 = XH/90.6/AF/6.0/ST/2.9////
| L30803 = XH/99.3////////
| L30804 = XH/81.2/AF/14.7/ST/3.5////
| L30805 = AF/84.1/XH/11.9/EN/3.6////
| L30806 = AF/64.5/XH/30.8/EN/3.6////
| L30901 = AF/92.0/XH/6.9//////
| L30902 = AF/97.1/XH/1.7//////
| L30903 = AF/86.3/XH/10.4/EN/2.4////
| L30904 = AF/90.1/XH/7.3/EN/2.2////
| L30905 = AF/75.9/XH/22.4//////
| L30906 = XH/68.1/AF/29.6/ST/1.9////
| L30907 = XH/97.1/AF/1.9//////
| L30908 = XH/92.1/AF/5.3/ST/1.8////
| L31001 = AF/98.7////////
| L31002 = AF/99.3////////
| L31003 = AF/98.3/EN/1.5//////
| L31004 = AF/96.8/EN/2.9//////
| L31101 = XH/91.5/AF/6.4/ND/1.7////
| L31102 = AF/79.7/XH/18.8//////
| L31103 = AF/92.8/XH/5.3/EN/1.5////
| L31104 = AF/94.2/XH/4.9//////
| L31105 = XH/84.6/AF/8.5/ST/6.2////
| L31106 = AF/90.8/XH/5.3/EN/1.2/ZU/1.2//
| L31201 = AF/93.6/XH/5.5//////
| L31202 = AF/98.8/EN/1.2//////
| L31203 = AF/97.1/XH/2.8//////
| L31204 = AF/90.7/XH/3.6/TN/3.2////
| L31301 = AF/73.1/XH/24.0/ST/1.5/TN/1.2//
| L31302 = AF/99.0////////
| L31303 = AF/99.0////////
| L31304 = AF/97.8////////
| L31305 = AF/95.8/XH/2.0/TN/1.6////
| L31306 = /////////
| L31401 = AF/98.8////////
| L31402 = AF/96.8/EN/1.4/XH/1.2////
| L31403 = AF/72.4/TN/16.5/XH/7.4/ST/1.4/EN/1.2
| L31404 = AF/98.0////////
| L31405 = AF/97.4/TN/2.1//////
| L31406 = AF/93.4/XH/3.5/ST/1.6////
| L31407 = /////////
| L31408 = AF/84.5/TN/12.5/EN/1.3////
| L31501 = AF/100////////
| L31502 = AF/98.0/EN/1.5//////
| L31503 = AF/98.5/EN/1.5//////
| L31504 = AF/99.9////////
| L31601 = AF/79.8/TN/17.1/XH/2.2////
| L31602 = AF/73.6/TN/25.8//////
| L31603 = AF/67.6/TN/27.2/XH/2.1/ST/2.1/ZU/1.0
| L31604 = AF/100////////
| L31605 = AF/81.3/TN/18.3//////
| L31606 = AF/58.3/TN/40.4//////
| L31607 = AF/98.6////////
| L31608 = AF/87.9/TN/10.9/XH/1.2////
| L31609 = AF/97.3/TN/2.0//////
| L31610 = AF/99.1////////
| L31611 = AF/99.2////////
| L31612 = TN/54.1/AF/44.9//////
| L31613 = AF/86.9/TN/12.7//////
| L31614 = AF/97.9/TN/1.4//////
| L31615 = AF/78.9/TN/17.4/ND/1.1/XH/1.1//
| L31616 = AF/87.7/XH/6.3/TN/3.3/ST/2.1//
| L31617 = AF/62.4/TN/36.8//////
| L31701 = AF/88.4/TN/8.1/EN/1.3////
| L31702 = AF/94.3/TN/5.3//////
| L31703 = AF/71.7/EN/4.5/ST/3.4/TN/3.4/XH/1.1
| L31704 = AF/99.1////////
| L31705 = AF/97.7/TN/1.4//////
| L31706 = AF/96.4/XH/1.6/TN/1.6////
| L31707 = AF/98.6/EN/1.1//////
| L31708 = AF/62.7/XH/26.5/TN/6.2/ST/3.3//
| L31709 = AF/53.6/TN/42.9/SS/1.8////
| L31710 = AF/94.3/TN/2.4/XH/2.0////
| L31711 = AF/97.8////////
| L31801 = AF/95.7/TN/1.9//////
| L31802 = AF/99.8////////
| L31803 = AF/95.6/ST/1.6/XH/1.2////
| L31804 = AF/90.4/TN/3.4/EN/2.1/ST/2.1/NS/1.4
| L31805 = AF/97.7/EN/1.2//////
| L31806 = AF/98.1////////
| L31807 = AF/98.5/XH/1.5//////
| L31901 = AF/71.6/TN/19.2/ST/3.8/XH/2.5/EN/1.6
| L31902 = TN/82.4/AF/7.9/XH/4.7/ST/3.0//
| L31903 = AF/58.3/TN/36.4/XH/1.5////
| L31904 = AF/71.2/EN/3.4/XH/3.4/TN/3.4//
| L31905 = AF/100////////
| L31906 = TN/85.4/AF/14.0//////
| L31907 = AF/88.8/TN/2.7//////
| L31908 = AF/78.7/TN/13.3/ST/2.1/EN/2.1/XH/2.0
| L31909 = AF/67.9/TN/30.8//////
| L31910 = AF/61.3/TN/38.7//////
| L32001 = AF/85.0/TN/12.2/ST/1.2////
| L32002 = TN/81.1/AF/12.0/XH/5.1/NS/1.7//
| L32003 = AF/78.5/TN/18.2/EN/3.4////
| L32004 = AF/46.3/TN/34.0/EN/10.0/XH/5.6/ST/1.5
| L32005 = TN/70.4/AF/24.0/XH/3.5////
| L32101 = TN/57.5/AF/27.2/XH/8.9/ST/3.4/ZU/1.3
| L32102 = AF/65.7/EN/20.7/TN/8.6/XH/2.4/ST/1.1
| L32103 = AF/81.8/TN/7.6/XH/7.3/ST/2.8//
| L32104 = AF/97.2/EN/1.2//////
| L32105 = AF/92.6/EN/5.5//////
| L32106 = AF/57.3/TN/21.4/EN/7.2/XH/3.6/ST/2.0
| L32201 = AF/66.8/TN/29.1/EN/1.4/ST/1.0//
| L32202 = AF/83.2/TN/14.9/ST/1.4////
| L32203 = AF/87.8/TN/9.0/EN/1.3////
| L32204 = AF/49.0/TN/44.5/XH/2.7/ST/2.6//
| L32205 = AF/73.3/TN/23.3/EN/2.3/ST/1.1//
| L32206 = TN/85.0/AF/7.6/XH/2.6/ST/2.1//
| L32207 = AF/78.5/TN/18.8/EN/2.7////
| L32208 = TN/84.3/AF/6.4/XH/5.5/ST/2.8//
| L32209 = AF/90.0/TN/10.0//////
| L32210 = TN/72.9/AF/23.4/ST/1.5////
| L32211 = TN/49.1/AF/48.9//////
| L32212 = /////////
| L32213 = AF/90.4/TN/4.1/EN/2.8/ZU/2.8//
| L32301 = TN/83.6/XH/6.2/AF/4.3/ST/3.9//
| L32302 = TN/71.0/AF/24.1/ST/2.3/EN/1.3//
| L32303 = AF/58.8/TN/34.3/XH/3.2/EN/1.6//
| L32401 = AF/49.8/TN/48.9//////
| L32402 = AF/59.6/TN/22.4/XH/2.3/ST/1.5/EN/1.0
| L32403 = AF/57.9/TN/39.8/XH/1.1////
| L32404 = AF/53.4/TN/40.1/XH/2.2/EN/1.5/ST/1.1
| L38101 = TN/92.3/AF/5.3/XH/1.1////
| L38102 = TN/55.7/AF/42.2/SS/1.1////
| L38103 = AF/92.2/TN/7.8//////
| L38104 = AF/80.7/TN/14.8/EN/2.5////
| L38701 = AF/73.2/TN/22.2/XH/1.8/EN/1.4//
| L38702 = TN/54.6/AF/42.2/EN/1.4/XH/1.4//
| L38703 = AF/71.1/TN/23.7/XH/1.9/EN/1.4/ST/1.1
| L38704 = TN/60.1/AF/22.5/XH/12.5/ST/2.7//
| L38705 = TN/64.3/AF/28.3/XH/3.5/EN/1.2/ST/1.2
| L39101 = AF/96.7/EN/1.1//////
| L39201 = AF/95.8/TN/3.2//////
| L39202 = AF/100////////
| L39301 = AF/89.1/TN/10.1//////
| L39302 = AF/87.0/EN/9.8//////
| L39401 = TN/54.9/AF/14.6/XH/9.8/VE/9.8/ZU/4.9
| L39402 = AF/64.8/TN/30.7/XH/2.2/EN/1.2//
| L39403 = AF/50.0/TN/33.3/XH/16.7////
| L39501 = AF/42.5/TN/36.5/ST/9.0/XH/3.9/TS/3.0
| L39502 = TN/66.9/AF/27.4/ST/2.7////
| L39503 = TN/71.8/AF/26.7//////
| L39504 = TN/52.5/AF/45.3/ND/1.1/ST/1.1//
| L40101 = AF/67.9/ST/20.9/TN/6.4/XH/3.6//
| L40102 = TN/39.1/XH/24.2/ST/23.0/AF/12.6//
| L40103 = AF/95.0/XH/1.5/ST/1.5/TN/1.5//
| L40104 = AF/62.5/ST/16.5/XH/15.5/TN/4.4//
| L40105 = AF/95.4/ST/2.5/EN/1.3////
| L40106 = AF/78.7/EN/6.9/ST/6.4/XH/5.0/TN/2.1
| L40107 = AF/70.5/ST/11.9/XH/8.5/TN/7.4//
| L40108 = AF/87.6/ST/6.4/XH/5.4////
| L40109 = AF/97.4/EN/1.0/ST/1.0////
| L40110 = AF/95.4/ST/2.0/EN/1.0////
| L40111 = AF/87.3/ST/5.7/TN/4.5/XH/2.0//
| L40112 = AF/37.4/XH/35.2/ST/25.2/TN/2.2//
| L40201 = AF/58.1/XH/20.3/ST/16.1/EN/4.2//
| L40202 = ST/51.4/XH/17.5/TN/14.9/AF/14.3/ZU/1.7
| L40203 = AF/79.5/ST/14.4/XH/4.2/TN/1.3//
| L40204 = AF/80.7/XH/6.6/ST/6.3/TN/4.9/EN/1.4
| L40205 = ST/65.3/XH/17.3/AF/13.4/TN/3.4//
| L40206 = AF/84.1/XH/6.1/ST/4.1/EN/3.1/TN/1.5
| L40207 = AF/38.9/XH/27.8/ST/19.6/TN/11.3//
| L40208 = ST/56.0/XH/15.6/TN/13.3/AF/12.4/TS/1.1
| L40209 = AF/72.3/ST/16.4/EN/4.5/XH/3.8/TN/2.2
| L40210 = AF/45.6/ST/34.7/XH/16.4/TN/1.7/EN/1.1
| L40211 = XH/46.1/ST/38.8/AF/12.0/TN/2.0//
| L40212 = ST/63.8/XH/21.4/AF/11.9/TN/2.2//
| L40213 = XH/52.4/ST/31.5/AF/11.7/TN/4.0//
| L40214 = AF/72.6/EN/15.4/XH/10.3/ST/1.7//
| L40215 = AF/86.7/ST/6.4/XH/5.9////
| L40216 = XH/42.6/ST/39.2/AF/17.3////
| L40217 = ST/73.4/XH/21.2/AF/2.6/TN/1.6//
| L40218 = AF/79.8/ST/13.7/XH/4.0/EN/1.9//
| L40219 = AF/56.8/ST/24.0/XH/17.0////
| L40220 = AF/85.1/ST/6.8/XH/4.9/TN/1.9//
| L40221 = AF/100////////
| L40301 = ST/69.4/XH/28.9//////
| L40302 = ST/72.7/XH/19.8/AF/6.8////
| L40303 = ST/59.3/XH/23.7/AF/13.8/TN/1.1//
| L40304 = ST/58.5/XH/40.1//////
| L40305 = AF/36.4/ST/32.4/XH/25.7/EN/5.2//
| L40306 = AF/46.4/ST/32.6/EN/12.0/XH/7.2/TN/1.8
| L40307 = AF/54.8/ST/31.3/XH/10.7/EN/3.2//
| L40401 = AF/65.2/ST/25.8/EN/4.8/XH/2.6//
| L40402 = ST/91.1/XH/6.3//////
| L40403 = ST/80.5/AF/9.0/XH/8.9////
| L40404 = ST/91.4/XH/6.2/AF/1.5////
| L40405 = ST/94.7/XH/3.5/AF/1.8////
| L40406 = ST/81.2/AF/9.7/XH/6.7/EN/1.8//
| L40407 = AF/42.5/ST/41.0/EN/8.2/XH/4.0/TN/2.2
| L40501 = ST/42.3/TN/42.0/XH/10.0/ND/2.3/AF/1.5
| L40502 = AF/68.7/ST/12.2/EN/8.8/TN/4.5/XH/3.5
| L40503 = ST/84.0/XH/11.8/TN/2.0////
| L40504 = ST/49.0/TN/26.4/XH/19.8/AF/2.5//
| L40505 = TN/72.9/ST/23.5/XH/1.7////
| L40506 = AF/77.7/ST/11.2/TN/5.4/XH/2.9/EN/2.2
| L40507 = ST/57.5/AF/17.1/XH/12.6/TN/11.7//
| L40508 = ST/60.4/XH/18.6/TN/11.2/AF/7.6//
| L40509 = ST/59.3/XH/18.8/TN/14.1/AF/4.1/ND/2.6
| L40510 = TN/60.6/ST/32.9/XH/3.7////
| L40511 = ST/44.0/AF/25.2/TN/15.5/XH/10.5/EN/1.8
| L40601 = ST/91.8/XH/3.9/TN/2.7////
| L40602 = ST/99.6////////
| L40603 = AF/57.7/ST/28.7/EN/6.2/TN/4.3/XH/2.5
| L40604 = ST/89.1/AF/7.9/EN/1.2////
| L40605 = AF/43.3/ST/37.5/EN/14.5////
| L40606 = ST/94.2/XH/1.7/TN/1.3////
| L40607 = ST/86.8/AF/8.9/EN/1.7/XH/1.1//
| L40608 = ST/95.8/XH/1.5//////
| L40609 = AF/86.9/ST/9.7/EN/2.1/XH/1.4//
| L40610 = ST/94.1/AF/2.0/XH/1.0////
| L40611 = ST/50.8/AF/41.9/EN/3.7/TN/2.3//
| L40701 = ST/47.4/XH/23.0/TS/14.4/TN/3.3/AF/2.6
| L40702 = ST/91.8/XH/5.4/AF/1.2////
| L40703 = AF/80.2/ST/9.1/TN/4.2/XH/3.6/EN/2.2
| L40704 = ST/94.3/XH/3.4/NS/1.1////
| L40705 = TN/55.1/ST/26.5/XH/13.7/AF/3.1/ND/1.2
| L40706 = ST/44.5/TS/22.7/XH/13.6/ZU/5.8/SS/5.5
| L40707 = ST/74.9/XH/15.0/TN/5.2/TS/3.1//
| L40708 = ST/55.3/TN/21.6/XH/20.4/AF/1.5//
| L40709 = ST/91.4/XH/2.7/AF/2.3/TN/2.2//
| L40710 = ST/75.1/XH/16.3/TN/4.7////
| L40711 = ST/74.1/AF/10.0/XH/8.1/TN/6.5//
| L40712 = ST/71.7/TN/9.9/XH/7.1/AF/5.7/ND/2.8
| L40713 = AF/68.6/ST/20.6/XH/4.3/EN/2.7/TN/1.8
| L40714 = ST/68.4/TN/14.7/XH/13.6/ND/1.4//
| L40715 = AF/80.1/ST/11.9/ZU/6.0/EN/2.0//
| L40716 = ST/63.3/AF/28.8/XH/3.3/EN/2.3/TN/1.3
| L40801 = TN/48.6/AF/41.8/XH/4.2/ST/3.0/EN/1.6
| L40802 = AF/90.0/TN/5.8/XH/2.5////
| L40803 = AF/82.2/ST/7.5/TN/4.8/EN/2.7/XH/2.7
| L40804 = TN/65.2/XH/16.9/ST/12.9/AF/2.2/ND/1.2
| L40805 = TN/76.6/AF/14.0/XH/4.3/ST/4.0//
| L40806 = TN/56.9/AF/22.9/XH/10.8/ST/7.6//
| L40807 = TN/61.4/XH/24.2/ST/11.8/AF/1.7//
| L40901 = AF/82.0/ST/10.4/TN/2.9/XH/2.3/EN/1.7
| L40902 = AF/65.1/ST/15.9/TN/10.0/XH/5.4/EN/2.3
| L40903 = ST/50.4/XH/28.8/TN/16.8/ND/1.5/ZU/1.1
| L40904 = ST/54.9/TN/21.9/XH/19.2/AF/1.7/ND/1.2
| L40905 = ST/51.8/XH/21.4/TN/19.7/AF/5.6//
| L41001 = AF/49.1/ST/23.2/XH/9.4/TS/6.0/EN/5.1
| L41002 = ST/81.1/TN/17.0//////
| L41003 = ST/52.6/XH/34.5/ZU/4.0/TS/3.0/TN/2.5
| L41004 = AF/71.8/ST/19.0/EN/3.8/XH/2.6/TN/1.7
| L41005 = ST/46.2/XH/37.3/ZU/5.2/TN/3.9/TS/3.7
| L41006 = ST/71.5/XH/19.3/TN/4.4/ZU/2.1//
| L41007 = ST/56.9/TS/20.9/XH/18.9/ZU/1.1/SS/1.1
| L41008 = ST/77.3/XH/10.1/AF/7.4/TN/1.8/ZU/1.1
| L41009 = ST/74.6/XH/18.8/TN/1.4/ZU/1.4/TS/1.2
| L41010 = ST/87.7/XH/6.3/TN/1.9/ND/1.0//
| L41011 = ST/74.7/XH/13.9/ZU/3.4/TN/2.4/TS/2.0
| L41012 = AF/56.4/ST/25.1/XH/8.1/EN/3.9/TS/1.8
| L41013 = ST/87.9/XH/7.3/TN/1.5////
| L41014 = ST/50.0/XH/19.0/TS/15.5/ZU/5.2/SS/3.4
| L41015 = AF/57.6/ST/26.3/EN/6.5/TN/3.7/XH/3.4
| L41016 = ST/55.2/XH/24.8/TS/8.4/ZU/2.3/NS/1.5
| L41017 = XH/55.6/ST/44.4//////
| L41018 = ST/67.0/XH/19.0/AF/5.4/ZU/2.9/TN/2.6
| L41019 = AF/61.1/ST/21.5/XH/7.3/EN/3.9/ZU/2.0
| L41020 = AF/38.5/ST/37.1/XH/10.5/EN/5.9/TN/2.1
| L41021 = XH/35.8/ST/35.1/ZU/7.2/SS/5.7/TS/4.6
| L41022 = AF/41.5/ST/30.6/EN/12.7/XH/8.4/TN/2.2
| L41023 = ST/58.3/XH/29.4/ZU/5.0/TS/3.4/TN/1.3
| L41024 = ST/64.2/XH/23.4/AF/3.6/ZU/2.9/NS/2.2
| L41101 = AF/82.2/ST/9.6/EN/2.3/TN/2.2/XH/1.8
| L41102 = ST/73.6/XH/12.3/TN/6.5/ZU/3.3/ND/2.2
| L41103 = ST/80.0/XH/11.5/TN/5.8////
| L41104 = ST/72.8/XH/11.5/AF/6.7/TN/5.5/ND/1.8
| L41105 = AF/87.2/ST/6.3/EN/3.3/XH/3.0//
| L41201 = ST/45.5/AF/43.3/EN/9.2/XH/1.5//
| L41202 = ST/52.1/AF/32.2/EN/12.1////
| L41203 = ST/97.3////////
| L41204 = ST/90.4/ND/4.9/ZU/2.2/XH/1.2/TN/1.2
| L41205 = AF/48.7/ST/32.5/EN/14.9/ZU/1.8//
| L41206 = ST/96.0/ZU/1.5//////
| L41207 = ST/96.5////////
| L41208 = ST/97.3////////
| L41209 = ST/55.0/AF/38.8/EN/2.1/ZU/1.4//
| L41210 = ST/93.9/AF/3.6//////
| L41301 = AF/74.3/ST/15.3/EN/6.3/ZU/2.3//
| L41302 = ST/85.0/ZU/12.2//////
| L41303 = ST/81.3/EN/7.3/AF/6.9/ZU/3.3//
| L41304 = ST/86.2/AF/7.6/ZU/3.9////
| L41305 = ST/96.2/ZU/1.7/AF/1.4////
| L41306 = ST/69.3/AF/12.4/ZU/5.4/EN/5.3/XH/3.0
| L41307 = ST/97.8/ZU/1.3//////
| L41308 = ST/97.7////////
| L41309 = AF/71.3/ST/17.6/ZU/4.3/TS/2.5/XH/1.9
| L41310 = AF/83.0/ST/13.6/EN/3.4////
| L41311 = ST/44.4/AF/22.2/ZU/22.2/XH/11.1//
| L41401 = ST/52.7/AF/35.1/EN/6.8/ZU/5.4//
| L41402 = ST/77.0/ZU/20.5/XH/1.6////
| L41403 = ST/95.2/ZU/2.7/XH/1.5////
| L41404 = ST/62.3/AF/30.8/ZU/5.0/EN/1.3//
| L41405 = ST/84.3/ZU/13.4//////
| L41406 = ST/80.6/ZU/12.9/AF/4.9////
| L41407 = ST/84.8/ZU/12.5//////
| L41408 = AF/47.2/ST/44.5/ZU/4.9/EN/3.1//
| L41409 = ST/66.1/ZU/30.7/XH/1.7////
| L41410 = AF/77.8/ST/13.6/ZU/6.7/EN/1.3//
| L41501 = ZU/56.9/ST/41.5//////
| L41502 = ST/92.5/ZU/5.5//////
| L41503 = AF/45.2/ST/24.2/ZU/14.2/EN/12.0/XH/1.3
| L41504 = ZU/60.8/ST/38.6//////
| L41505 = AF/65.2/ST/24.0/EN/4.7/ZU/4.4/TN/1.0
| L41506 = ST/89.2/ZU/8.7//////
| L41507 = ST/55.1/ZU/39.8/AF/2.8////
| L41508 = ST/90.8/ZU/7.2//////
| L41509 = ST/91.9/ZU/6.1//////
| L41510 = ST/90.2/ZU/7.5//////
| L41511 = ST/91.7/ZU/6.1//////
| L41512 = ST/89.8/ZU/6.1/XH/1.0////
| L41513 = ST/86.9/ZU/10.3//////
| L41514 = ST/91.0/ZU/6.4/XH/1.0////
| L41515 = ST/93.9/ZU/3.5/AF/1.0////
| L41516 = ST/83.7/ZU/15.7//////
| L41517 = ST/62.9/ZU/35.4//////
| L41518 = ST/88.6/ZU/10.4//////
| L41601 = AF/75.1/ZU/18.6/ST/3.8/EN/1.3//
| L41602 = ZU/51.1/ST/41.6/AF/5.6////
| L41603 = ZU/52.9/ST/45.0//////
| L41604 = AF/79.1/ST/11.1/ZU/5.9/EN/2.8//
| L41605 = AF/59.8/ZU/18.9/ST/15.3/EN/3.4/TN/1.4
| L41606 = ZU/63.7/ST/34.9//////
| L41607 = ZU/67.9/ST/30.6//////
| L41701 = AF/67.6/ST/20.8/EN/3.8/XH/3.1/ZU/1.8
| L41702 = ST/89.7/XH/4.4/ZU/2.3/TN/1.9//
| L41703 = ST/92.5/ZU/3.6//////
| L41704 = ST/79.5/XH/8.5/AF/6.7/TN/2.2/ZU/1.3
| L41705 = ST/84.6/XH/10.5/ZU/1.8/TN/1.5//
| L41706 = AF/70.8/ST/15.6/EN/5.0/TN/3.8/ZU/2.8
| L41707 = ST/38.2/XH/32.4/TN/7.5/TS/6.3/SS/5.1
| L41708 = AF/79.2/ST/8.8/TN/4.3/EN/4.1/XH/1.4
| L41709 = AF/63.8/ST/29.0/EN/4.1/XH/1.1//
| L41801 = ST/57.0/AF/34.9/ZU/2.3/SS/1.0/TS/1.0
| L41802 = ST/53.3/AF/33.4/ZU/9.4/XH/2.2//
| L41803 = AF/65.6/ST/24.8/XH/5.3/EN/1.9/ZU/1.2
| L41804 = ST/82.9/XH/7.9/ZU/4.5/TN/3.1//
| L41805 = ST/74.9/XH/18.9/ZU/2.3/TN/1.9//
| L41806 = ST/72.2/AF/10.7/XH/7.9/ZU/7.3//
| L41807 = AF/74.5/ST/14.0/EN/5.0/XH/4.7//
| L41808 = ST/81.4/ZU/12.6/XH/2.9/AF/1.1//
| L41809 = ST/72.8/XH/19.1/TN/3.1/ZU/2.8//
| L41810 = ST/49.6/AF/29.9/XH/15.2/ZU/1.8/TN/1.5
| L41811 = ST/92.2/ZU/4.4/XH/1.8////
| L41901 = ST/60.8/XH/12.2/ZU/9.0/NS/7.2/TS/5.9
| L41902 = XH/50.0/ST/30.0/AF/10.0/ZU/10.0//
| L41903 = AF/57.5/EN/19.2/ST/15.1/ZU/4.3/XH/2.1
| L41904 = AF/57.2/ST/27.4/ZU/6.4/EN/2.9/XH/2.9
| L41905 = ST/59.1/ZU/12.1/XH/11.1/AF/10.1/EN/2.9
| L41906 = AF/84.8/EN/7.1/ST/7.1/TN/1.0//
| L41907 = ST/82.8/ZU/9.6/XH/6.0////
| L41908 = AF/64.1/ST/11.5/EN/10.0/ZU/5.7/TN/4.3
| L41909 = AF/65.2/ST/17.5/EN/7.6/ZU/3.1/XH/2.9
| L41910 = AF/85.7/ST/6.7/EN/2.3/ZU/1.6//
| L41911 = ST/55.0/ZU/16.0/XH/12.4/NS/7.9/SS/3.4
| L41912 = ST/45.5/XH/17.3/ZU/13.2/TS/7.1/AF/6.1
| L41913 = ST/75.1/XH/11.9/ZU/7.2/NS/2.6//
| L41914 = ST/79.8/ZU/9.7/XH/8.3/AF/1.1//
| L42001 = ST/63.7/ZU/26.1/AF/8.2////
| L42002 = AF/84.2/ST/7.1/ZU/4.1/EN/3.0//
| L42003 = ST/71.7/ZU/17.7/AF/8.7////
| L42004 = ST/66.6/ZU/22.5/AF/8.9/XH/1.6//
| L42005 = ST/67.5/ZU/28.0/XH/3.0////
| L42006 = ST/58.9/ZU/38.4/XH/2.2////
| L42007 = ST/75.2/ZU/20.4/XH/3.2////
| L42008 = AF/85.1/ST/5.5/EN/3.7/ZU/3.4//
| L49101 = ST/81.0/AF/6.9/ZU/6.9/XH/3.4/ND/1.7
| L50101 = ZU/98.6////////
| L50102 = ZU/98.8////////
| L50103 = ZU/98.8////////
| L50104 = ZU/99.1////////
| L50105 = ZU/99.7////////
| L50106 = ZU/97.3////////
| L50107 = ZU/99.3////////
| L50108 = ZU/98.2////////
| L50109 = ZU/97.9////////
| L50110 = ZU/96.9/AF/2.0//////
| L50111 = ZU/97.9/XH/1.3//////
| L50112 = ZU/99.0////////
| L50113 = ZU/86.4/EN/7.3/XH/5.5////
| L50114 = ZU/79.6/XH/14.5/EN/5.5////
| L50201 = EN/56.5/ZU/28.0/AF/7.8/XH/4.7/ST/3.1
| L50202 = ZU/98.5////////
| L50203 = EN/46.6/AF/36.8/ZU/16.6////
| L50204 = ZU/86.9/XH/11.8//////
| L50205 = ZU/98.1////////
| L50206 = EN/70.5/ZU/25.6/AF/2.6/XH/1.3//
| L50207 = EN/51.6/AF/44.2/ZU/1.4////
| L50208 = ZU/45.2/EN/42.3/AF/10.0/XH/1.3//
| L50209 = AF/44.3/EN/41.0/ZU/14.7////
| L50210 = EN/73.3/ZU/14.7/AF/5.3/XH/1.8//
| L50211 = EN/74.6/AF/16.8/ZU/7.4////
| L50212 = EN/79.9/AF/11.5/ZU/7.0////
| L50213 = EN/78.9/ZU/18.3/XH/1.3////
| L50214 = ZU/45.1/EN/29.5/XH/22.8/AF/1.8//
| L50215 = EN/57.0/ZU/36.9/XH/4.1////
| L50301 = ZU/98.1/XH/1.3//////
| L50302 = ZU/98.9////////
| L50303 = ZU/97.6////////
| L50304 = ZU/98.5////////
| L50305 = ZU/98.5////////
| L50306 = ZU/98.7////////
| L50307 = ZU/98.4////////
| L50308 = ZU/99.5////////
| L50309 = ZU/98.8////////
| L50310 = ZU/98.1/XH/1.2//////
| L50311 = ZU/98.9////////
| L50312 = ZU/98.4////////
| L50313 = ZU/99.0////////
| L50314 = ZU/97.6/XH/1.3//////
| L50315 = ZU/98.9////////
| L50316 = ZU/95.0/XH/3.7//////
| L50401 = ZU/98.3////////
| L50402 = ZU/98.7////////
| L50403 = ZU/35.9/EN/34.5/XH/27.2////
| L50404 = ZU/99.6////////
| L50405 = ZU/98.1////////
| L50406 = ZU/98.8////////
| L50407 = ZU/95.9/XH/3.3//////
| L50408 = ZU/100////////
| L50409 = ZU/58.2/XH/39.4/EN/1.9////
| L50410 = ZU/98.6////////
| L50411 = ZU/65.6/XH/18.3/EN/11.9/AF/2.2/ST/1.2
| L50412 = XH/44.4/ZU/27.6/EN/9.8/ST/8.3/AF/7.8
| L50501 = ZU/61.9/XH/23.7/EN/12.3/AF/1.1//
| L50502 = ZU/98.8////////
| L50503 = /////////
| L50504 = ZU/99.1////////
| L50505 = ZU/98.6////////
| L50601 = EN/59.8/AF/21.8/ZU/9.6/XH/8.8//
| L50602 = EN/100////////
| L50603 = ZU/92.8/XH/6.0//////
| L50604 = EN/41.0/AF/33.0/ZU/22.2/XH/2.1//
| L50605 = ZU/42.7/XH/40.7/EN/13.5/AF/2.0//
| L50606 = ZU/98.1////////
| L50607 = ZU/97.9////////
| L50608 = ZU/98.0////////
| L50609 = EN/77.8/ZU/15.4/XH/3.2/AF/2.3//
| L50610 = EN/30.6/XH/27.4/ZU/23.3/AF/16.9//
| L50611 = EN/56.1/ZU/22.0/AF/17.1/XH/2.4/TS/2.4
| L50612 = ZU/96.2/XH/2.3//////
| L50613 = ZU/56.9/EN/22.0/AF/13.8/XH/7.3//
| L50614 = XH/71.4/EN/28.6//////
| L50615 = EN/55.3/AF/28.9/XH/15.8////
| L50616 = ZU/95.7/XH/2.8//////
| L50617 = ZU/95.9/XH/2.1//////
| L50618 = EN/59.0/ZU/21.2/AF/14.0/XH/4.7//
| L50619 = EN/48.0/AF/19.9/XH/17.9/ZU/12.0/ST/1.4
| L50620 = EN/61.4/ZU/26.2/XH/6.8/AF/3.9//
| L50621 = EN/57.1/AF/23.6/ZU/17.7/XH/1.5//
| L50622 = EN/39.5/ZU/22.3/AF/18.4/XH/17.9//
| L50623 = EN/44.4/AF/18.5/XH/18.5/ZU/11.1/TN/3.7
| L50624 = EN/53.9/ZU/22.3/AF/21.8////
| L50625 = ZU/98.3/AF/1.4//////
| L50626 = EN/51.5/AF/25.5/ZU/17.4/XH/3.8//
| L50627 = EN/50.2/ZU/22.6/AF/17.7/XH/7.7/ST/1.0
| L50628 = EN/45.6/ZU/24.9/AF/20.6/XH/7.6//
| L50629 = EN/39.1/ZU/36.3/AF/20.8/XH/3.8//
| L50630 = EN/59.0/AF/21.2/ZU/12.7/XH/7.1//
| L50631 = EN/59.0/AF/20.4/ZU/14.0/XH/5.2//
| L50632 = ZU/44.6/XH/38.0/EN/16.6////
| L50633 = ZU/36.1/EN/35.4/AF/19.2/XH/6.6/ND/1.3
| L50634 = EN/50.7/AF/27.8/ZU/12.4/XH/6.9//
| L50635 = ZU/89.9/XH/7.5/EN/2.2////
| L50701 = ZU/57.2/EN/39.0/AF/1.9////
| L50702 = ZU/100////////
| L50703 = EN/68.9/ZU/29.9//////
| L50704 = ZU/50.9/EN/25.7/XH/14.0/AF/5.3/ND/1.1
| L50705 = ZU/99.3////////
| L50706 = ZU/98.1////////
| L50707 = ZU/99.5////////
| L50708 = ZU/99.4////////
| L50709 = ZU/99.0////////
| L50710 = ZU/87.9/EN/7.4/AF/1.7/XH/1.5//
| L50711 = ZU/98.8////////
| L50712 = ZU/99.3////////
| L50713 = ZU/97.5/ST/2.0//////
| L50714 = ZU/97.8/XH/1.0//////
| L50715 = ZU/89.9/EN/3.7/XH/2.3/ST/2.1//
| L50716 = EN/34.6/ZU/28.5/AF/4.6////
| L50717 = ZU/99.1////////
| L50801 = EN/85.2/ZU/9.2/AF/3.6////
| L50802 = EN/80.3/ZU/12.0/AF/6.1////
| L50803 = ZU/75.0/AF/12.5/EN/12.5////
| L50804 = ZU/74.7/EN/14.9/ST/6.7/XH/2.0/AF/1.1
| L50805 = ZU/83.9/EN/6.0/ST/5.4/XH/4.4//
| L50806 = ZU/98.5////////
| L50807 = ZU/92.8/ST/4.6//////
| L50808 = ZU/78.1/EN/9.3/ST/6.0/AF/3.3/XH/2.7
| L50809 = EN/70.5/ZU/14.4/AF/8.0/XH/3.4/SS/1.9
| L50810 = ZU/97.6////////
| L50811 = ZU/98.2////////
| L50812 = ZU/53.8/EN/42.3/ST/3.8////
| L50813 = ZU/78.2/EN/15.2/ST/2.7/XH/2.2//
| L50901 = ZU/90.3/EN/6.5//////
| L50902 = ZU/84.5/EN/12.4//////
| L50903 = ZU/61.5/EN/35.1/AF/2.0/XH/1.0//
| L51001 = ZU/90.7/ST/8.4//////
| L51002 = ZU/86.3/EN/10.7/AF/1.2/XH/1.1//
| L51003 = ZU/97.6/ST/1.5//////
| L51004 = ZU/81.0/ST/19.0//////
| L51005 = ZU/94.0/ST/5.4//////
| L51006 = ZU/92.4/EN/5.0/SS/1.3/VE/1.3//
| L51101 = ZU/94.3/XH/2.6/ST/2.1////
| L51102 = ZU/94.7/ST/2.7/XH/1.5////
| L51103 = ZU/96.7/XH/1.2//////
| L51104 = ZU/99.1////////
| L51105 = ZU/98.4////////
| L51106 = ZU/98.5////////
| L51107 = ZU/47.9/EN/31.7/XH/10.7/AF/4.4/ST/3.7
| L51108 = ZU/98.8////////
| L51109 = EN/52.4/ZU/39.2/AF/4.2/XH/1.8//
| L51110 = ZU/98.7////////
| L51111 = ZU/100////////
| L51112 = ZU/97.6////////
| L51201 = EN/60.7/ZU/29.4/AF/9.0////
| L51202 = ZU/98.7////////
| L51203 = ZU/95.5/XH/4.0//////
| L51204 = ZU/100////////
| L51205 = ZU/98.8////////
| L51206 = ZU/99.1////////
| L51207 = ZU/65.1/XH/19.0/EN/8.8/ST/4.7/AF/1.5
| L51301 = ZU/99.3////////
| L51302 = ZU/79.5/XH/7.7/EN/7.5/ST/3.5/AF/1.0
| L51303 = ZU/99.0////////
| L51304 = ZU/97.3////////
| L51305 = ZU/84.4/EN/12.0/XH/1.5////
| L51401 = ZU/99.0////////
| L51402 = ZU/88.7/EN/6.0/AF/4.6////
| L51403 = ZU/92.4/AF/2.5/EN/2.5/ST/1.7//
| L51404 = ZU/98.6////////
| L51405 = ZU/98.7////////
| L51406 = ZU/97.6/NS/1.6//////
| L51407 = ZU/44.6/EN/38.0/AF/13.7/ST/1.8//
| L51408 = ZU/99.0////////
| L51409 = ZU/99.6////////
| L51410 = ZU/97.7////////
| L51411 = ZU/73.5/EN/23.9/AF/2.2////
| L51501 = ZU/99.1////////
| L51502 = ZU/96.0/AF/3.6//////
| L51503 = ZU/99.9////////
| L51504 = ZU/98.5/AF/1.2//////
| L51505 = ZU/99.5////////
| L51506 = ZU/98.5////////
| L51507 = ZU/99.0////////
| L51508 = ZU/99.3////////
| L51509 = ZU/99.3////////
| L51510 = ZU/99.3////////
| L51511 = ZU/99.5////////
| L51601 = EN/57.4/ZU/34.6/AF/5.7////
| L51602 = ZU/96.9/EN/1.3//////
| L51603 = ZU/98.1////////
| L51604 = ZU/93.6/EN/4.3//////
| L51605 = ZU/97.9////////
| L51606 = ZU/98.5////////
| L51701 = ZU/98.7////////
| L51702 = ZU/98.5////////
| L51703 = ZU/96.8/ST/1.9//////
| L51704 = AF/40.0/EN/32.0/ZU/28.0////
| L51705 = EN/59.7/ZU/27.3/AF/10.4////
| L51706 = ZU/100////////
| L51707 = ZU/52.6/AF/24.4/EN/18.7/ST/2.9/XH/1.4
| L51708 = ZU/30.7/AF/28.6/EN/21.1/ST/16.6/NS/1.5
| L51709 = ZU/100////////
| L51710 = ZU/88.0/EN/6.6/AF/3.1/ST/1.4//
| L51711 = ZU/80.0/EN/20.0//////
| L51712 = ZU/68.8/EN/31.2//////
| L51713 = ZU/46.2/ST/26.9/EN/23.1/AF/3.8//
| L51714 = ZU/82.3/EN/6.8/AF/6.5/ST/3.6//
| L51715 = ZU/47.0/AF/22.9/EN/21.9/ST/5.0/NS/1.7
| L51801 = ZU/98.5////////
| L51802 = ZU/99.2////////
| L51803 = ZU/99.5////////
| L51804 = ZU/99.1////////
| L51805 = ZU/99.3////////
| L51806 = ZU/85.4/EN/7.0/AF/2.8/ST/2.8/XH/1.7
| L51807 = ZU/99.2////////
| L51808 = ZU/99.5////////
| L51809 = ZU/99.0////////
| L51901 = ZU/46.3/EN/38.9/AF/12.4////
| L51902 = ZU/89.3/AF/3.9/EN/3.4/ST/1.9//
| L51903 = ZU/100////////
| L51904 = ZU/98.2////////
| L51905 = ZU/44.7/EN/27.6/AF/24.6////
| L51906 = ZU/98.3////////
| L51907 = ZU/97.6////////
| L51908 = ZU/70.5/EN/28.7//////
| L52001 = ZU/98.8////////
| L52002 = ZU/98.7////////
| L52003 = ZU/98.9////////
| L52004 = ZU/98.8////////
| L52005 = ZU/95.9/ST/2.9//////
| L52006 = ZU/98.9////////
| L52007 = ZU/99.2////////
| L52008 = ZU/80.3/ST/18.6//////
| L52009 = ZU/98.1////////
| L52010 = ZU/98.8////////
| L52011 = ZU/99.7////////
| L52012 = ZU/84.7/ST/13.8//////
| L52201 = ZU/99.5////////
| L52202 = ZU/99.3////////
| L52203 = ZU/99.4////////
| L52204 = ZU/98.4/AF/1.6//////
| L52205 = ZU/100////////
| L52206 = ZU/98.4////////
| L52207 = ZU/100////////
| L52208 = ZU/95.0/AF/2.2/EN/1.4////
| L52209 = ZU/99.3////////
| L52210 = ZU/94.2/EN/1.9/ND/1.2/XH/1.2/AF/1.0
| L52211 = ZU/99.7////////
| L52212 = ZU/99.3////////
| L52213 = ZU/99.7////////
| L52214 = ZU/88.3/EN/10.2//////
| L52215 = ZU/99.2////////
| L52216 = ZU/97.4/AF/1.3/XH/1.3////
| L52301 = ZU/99.3////////
| L52302 = ZU/98.5////////
| L52303 = ZU/99.6////////
| L52304 = ZU/99.2////////
| L52305 = EN/45.8/ZU/42.3/AF/9.4////
| L52306 = ZU/100////////
| L52307 = ZU/77.3/EN/16.2/AF/5.4////
| L52308 = ZU/99.7////////
| L52309 = ZU/99.3////////
| L52310 = ZU/99.1////////
| L52311 = ZU/100////////
| L52312 = ZU/92.2/EN/3.5/AF/1.7////
| L52401 = ZU/93.3/SS/3.1//////
| L52402 = ZU/96.5/ST/2.3//////
| L52403 = ZU/97.1/ST/1.4//////
| L52404 = EN/35.4/ZU/31.3/AF/30.5////
| L52405 = ZU/77.4/AF/8.7/EN/8.7/ST/2.7/XH/2.0
| L52406 = ZU/97.8////////
| L52408 = ZU/85.0/AF/5.0/ST/4.4/EN/3.6//
| L52501 = ZU/93.8/AF/2.9/ST/1.7////
| L52502 = ZU/83.3/AF/6.1/EN/3.4/XH/3.0/ST/1.8
| L52503 = ZU/53.6/AF/37.9/EN/6.3////
| L52601 = ZU/87.5/AF/5.5/ST/3.6/EN/2.4//
| L52602 = ZU/73.9/EN/13.1/AF/10.5/ST/1.1//
| L52603 = ZU/93.1/EN/6.4//////
| L52604 = ZU/97.1/ST/1.7//////
| L52605 = ZU/68.5/AF/15.8/EN/10.1/ST/3.2/XH/1.9
| L52606 = ZU/97.5/ST/1.4//////
| L52607 = ZU/60.2/EN/34.4/AF/4.0////
| L52701 = ZU/99.2////////
| L52702 = ZU/99.4////////
| L52703 = ZU/95.7/AF/1.3//////
| L52704 = ZU/99.1////////
| L52705 = AF/36.7/ZU/35.4/EN/13.6/XH/1.0//
| L52706 = ZU/98.5/AF/1.5//////
| L52801 = ZU/99.4////////
| L52802 = ZU/77.2/EN/14.1/AF/6.7////
| L52803 = ZU/98.2////////
| L52804 = ZU/99.1////////
| L52805 = AF/52.8/ZU/31.2/EN/11.0/ST/1.4//
| L52806 = ZU/98.6////////
| L52807 = ZU/99.1////////
| L52808 = ZU/94.4/AF/3.8//////
| L52901 = ZU/96.9/AF/1.1//////
| L52902 = ZU/98.3////////
| L52903 = ZU/95.1/AF/2.5/EN/2.0////
| L52904 = ZU/99.1////////
| L52905 = ZU/96.6/AF/1.0/EN/1.0////
| L52906 = ZU/97.1/ST/2.1//////
| L52907 = ZU/96.2/EN/1.4//////
| L52908 = ZU/91.1/EN/2.7/AF/2.3/XH/2.3//
| L52909 = ZU/98.4////////
| L52910 = ZU/94.4/AF/4.0//////
| L52911 = ZU/94.2/NS/4.1/ND/1.2////
| L52912 = ZU/97.1////////
| L52913 = AF/42.2/ZU/34.4/EN/19.9////
| L52914 = ZU/94.5/ST/5.4//////
| L52915 = ZU/99.8////////
| L53001 = ZU/98.9////////
| L53002 = ZU/98.6////////
| L53003 = ZU/97.0////////
| L53004 = ZU/99.0////////
| L53101 = ZU/93.8/AF/3.5/EN/2.1////
| L53102 = ZU/99.1////////
| L53103 = ZU/94.6/SS/1.5//////
| L53104 = ZU/99.3////////
| L53105 = ZU/98.2/ST/1.2//////
| L53106 = ZU/98.2////////
| L53107 = ZU/98.8////////
| L53108 = ZU/99.2////////
| L53109 = ZU/98.4////////
| L53110 = ZU/98.8////////
| L53111 = ZU/98.1////////
| L53112 = ZU/99.0////////
| L53113 = ZU/98.9////////
| L53114 = ZU/96.7////////
| L53201 = ZU/99.0////////
| L53202 = ZU/100////////
| L53203 = ZU/99.4////////
| L53204 = ZU/100////////
| L53205 = ZU/98.7////////
| L53206 = ZU/100////////
| L53207 = ZU/97.6/EN/1.1//////
| L53301 = ZU/95.9/EN/3.6//////
| L53302 = ZU/92.4/EN/2.5/AF/2.2/ST/1.9//
| L53303 = ZU/98.6////////
| L53304 = ZU/96.3/SS/2.9//////
| L53305 = ZU/93.8/EN/4.7//////
| L53306 = ZU/85.4/SS/13.3//////
| L53307 = ZU/99.6////////
| L53308 = ZU/97.7////////
| L53309 = ZU/66.7/AF/20.8/EN/12.5////
| L53310 = ZU/98.8////////
| L53311 = ZU/98.7////////
| L53312 = ZU/79.0/AF/8.8/EN/7.7/XH/4.4//
| L53401 = ZU/100////////
| L53402 = ZU/64.2/EN/19.1/AF/15.7////
| L53403 = ZU/98.1////////
| L53404 = ZU/98.9////////
| L53405 = ZU/100////////
| L53406 = ZU/98.5////////
| L53407 = ZU/97.7////////
| L53408 = ZU/84.0/AF/7.9/EN/7.1////
| L53501 = ZU/98.7////////
| L53502 = ZU/97.7////////
| L53503 = ZU/98.8////////
| L53504 = ZU/97.7/ND/1.1//////
| L53505 = ZU/99.1////////
| L53601 = ZU/98.2////////
| L53602 = ZU/86.4/EN/6.8/AF/4.5/SS/2.3//
| L53603 = ZU/53.2/EN/45.2//////
| L53604 = ZU/98.0////////
| L53605 = ZU/98.2////////
| L53606 = ZU/90.1/EN/6.5/AF/1.6////
| L53607 = ZU/92.2/EN/3.5/ND/2.8/AF/1.4//
| L53608 = ZU/98.9////////
| L53609 = ZU/43.9/AF/31.5/EN/18.4/XH/2.4/ST/1.0
| L53610 = AF/42.5/EN/35.1/ZU/20.1////
| L53611 = /////////
| L53612 = ZU/39.8/EN/37.1/AF/19.7/XH/1.3//
| L53701 = ZU/61.6/EN/23.0/AF/14.2////
| L53702 = ZU/86.5/AF/9.5/EN/2.7/ND/1.4//
| L53703 = ZU/88.9/AF/11.1//////
| L53704 = ZU/98.8////////
| L53705 = ZU/99.2////////
| L53706 = ZU/98.7////////
| L53707 = ZU/85.1/AF/6.7/EN/6.3////
| L53801 = ZU/99.0////////
| L53802 = ZU/98.3////////
| L53803 = EN/39.8/ZU/30.2/AF/27.4////
| L53804 = ZU/98.5////////
| L53805 = ZU/98.5////////
| L53806 = ZU/84.6/EN/12.8/ND/2.6////
| L53807 = ZU/99.2////////
| L53808 = ZU/98.9////////
| L53809 = ZU/96.8////////
| L53810 = EN/44.1/ZU/31.3/AF/22.9////
| L53811 = AF/60.5/EN/34.0/ZU/5.5////
| L53812 = ZU/37.4/AF/30.7/EN/29.7////
| L53813 = ZU/85.5/EN/8.7/AF/2.4/TS/1.2//
| L53814 = ZU/98.3////////
| L53815 = ZU/90.6/SS/5.1//////
| L53816 = ZU/98.8////////
| L53901 = ZU/98.6////////
| L53902 = ZU/99.2////////
| L53903 = ZU/99.7////////
| L53904 = ZU/98.9////////
| L53905 = ZU/99.4////////
| L53906 = ZU/86.1/EN/5.0/AF/3.0////
| L53907 = ZU/98.3////////
| L54001 = ZU/63.9/EN/32.0/AF/2.9////
| L54002 = ZU/98.9////////
| L54003 = ZU/100////////
| L54004 = ZU/99.5////////
| L54005 = ZU/98.8////////
| L54006 = ZU/94.9/NS/4.2//////
| L54007 = ZU/100////////
| L54008 = ZU/56.3/EN/36.1/AF/6.0////
| L54009 = EN/50.3/ZU/43.2/AF/3.4////
| L54010 = ZU/98.8////////
| L54011 = ZU/99.0////////
| L54012 = ZU/99.2////////
| L54013 = ZU/99.7////////
| L54014 = ZU/99.1////////
| L54015 = EN/66.7/ZU/33.3//////
| L54016 = EN/47.5/ZU/28.0/AF/22.4////
| L54017 = ZU/98.7////////
| L54018 = ZU/98.8////////
| L54019 = ZU/98.8////////
| L54020 = ZU/99.2////////
| L54021 = ZU/99.2////////
| L54022 = ZU/99.0////////
| L54023 = ZU/74.5/EN/8.5/SS/5.7/TS/5.7/AF/4.2
| L54024 = ZU/99.1////////
| L54025 = ZU/99.0////////
| L54026 = ZU/100////////
| L54027 = ZU/87.3/EN/9.1/XH/1.0////
| L54028 = /////////
| L54029 = ZU/98.5////////
| L54101 = ZU/99.0////////
| L54102 = ZU/98.8////////
| L54103 = ZU/100////////
| L54104 = ZU/64.4/EN/20.0/AF/14.6////
| L54105 = ZU/99.0////////
| L54106 = ZU/93.5/EN/2.7/AF/2.1////
| L54107 = ZU/99.4////////
| L54108 = ZU/98.5////////
| L54109 = ZU/99.6////////
| L54201 = ZU/99.6////////
| L54202 = ZU/98.7////////
| L54203 = ZU/98.3////////
| L54204 = ZU/99.6////////
| L54205 = ZU/98.9////////
| L54206 = ZU/98.4////////
| L54207 = ZU/99.5////////
| L54208 = ZU/100////////
| L54209 = ZU/100////////
| L54210 = ZU/98.2////////
| L54211 = ZU/97.8/SS/1.1//////
| L54212 = ZU/97.8/NS/1.1/TN/1.1////
| L54213 = ZU/98.9////////
| L54214 = ZU/97.3/AF/1.6//////
| L54215 = ZU/98.6////////
| L54216 = ZU/99.8////////
| L54217 = ZU/98.9////////
| L54218 = ZU/99.3////////
| L54219 = ZU/99.5////////
| L54220 = ZU/100////////
| L54221 = ZU/99.5////////
| L54222 = ZU/100////////
| L54223 = ZU/97.7/XH/1.4//////
| L54224 = ZU/98.0/NS/2.0//////
| L54225 = ZU/99.2////////
| L54226 = ZU/98.9////////
| L54227 = ZU/99.3////////
| L54228 = ZU/98.4/SS/1.1//////
| L54229 = ZU/97.8////////
| L54230 = ZU/99.3////////
| L54231 = ZU/100////////
| L54232 = ZU/99.1////////
| L54233 = ZU/99.4////////
| L54234 = ZU/100////////
| L54235 = ZU/100////////
| L54236 = ZU/99.4////////
| L54237 = ZU/98.0////////
| L54238 = ZU/100////////
| L54301 = ZU/76.7/XH/12.0/EN/8.7/AF/1.0//
| L54302 = ZU/85.2/XH/7.2/EN/6.5////
| L54303 = ZU/98.7////////
| L54304 = EN/41.6/ZU/34.0/AF/21.9////
| L54305 = ZU/96.6/XH/2.0//////
| L54306 = ZU/90.3/EN/7.5//////
| L54307 = ZU/98.6////////
| L54308 = ZU/98.5////////
| L54309 = EN/53.2/ZU/37.7/XH/6.4/AF/1.2//
| L54310 = AF/65.7/EN/28.6/ZU/4.3/XH/1.4//
| L54311 = /////////
| L54401 = EN/66.4/AF/17.3/ZU/13.6/XH/1.0//
| L54402 = EN/56.2/ZU/27.7/AF/14.2/XH/1.9//
| L54403 = ZU/72.6/EN/25.2/XH/1.9////
| L54404 = ZU/54.0/XH/26.3/EN/18.2////
| L54405 = ZU/99.3////////
| L54406 = ZU/63.0/XH/19.2/EN/17.3////
| L54407 = EN/67.5/ZU/21.2/AF/9.4/XH/1.5//
| L54408 = EN/57.8/ZU/18.2/AF/17.9/XH/4.6//
| L54409 = ZU/46.7/EN/37.2/XH/13.2////
| L54410 = ZU/69.4/EN/25.4/XH/3.3////
| L54411 = EN/77.6/ZU/16.1/AF/4.4////
| L54412 = EN/52.5/ZU/30.9/AF/12.2/XH/2.6/TN/1.3
| L54501 = ZU/98.7////////
| L54502 = ZU/98.0////////
| L54503 = ZU/99.4////////
| L54504 = ZU/99.5////////
| L54505 = ZU/99.4////////
| L54506 = ZU/99.2////////
| L54507 = ZU/99.0////////
| L54508 = ZU/99.8////////
| L54509 = ZU/97.9/XH/1.2//////
| L54510 = ZU/98.7////////
| L54511 = ZU/60.0/XH/34.0/EN/4.9/AF/1.1//
| L54512 = ZU/99.1////////
| L54513 = ZU/52.3/XH/35.7/EN/11.3////
| L54514 = ZU/98.3////////
| L54515 = ZU/98.9////////
| L54516 = ZU/86.3/EN/7.7/XH/5.4////
| L54517 = ZU/84.0/XH/7.8/EN/5.2////
| L54518 = ZU/98.7////////
| L54519 = ZU/98.2////////
| L54520 = ZU/87.8/XH/6.9/EN/4.7////
| L54521 = ZU/99.0////////
| L54522 = ZU/99.0////////
| L54523 = ZU/98.8////////
| L54601 = ZU/98.9////////
| L54602 = ZU/99.5////////
| L54603 = ZU/99.5////////
| L54604 = ZU/99.1////////
| L54605 = ZU/99.3////////
| L54606 = ZU/98.5////////
| L54607 = ZU/100////////
| L54608 = ZU/99.2////////
| L54609 = ZU/98.0////////
| L54610 = ZU/98.8////////
| L54611 = ZU/98.6////////
| L54612 = ZU/98.2////////
| L54701 = ZU/98.9////////
| L54702 = ZU/99.2////////
| L54703 = ZU/99.1////////
| L54704 = ZU/84.0/EN/11.5/AF/2.5/ST/1.2//
| L54705 = ZU/53.9/EN/36.2/XH/5.3/AF/2.6/ST/1.3
| L54706 = ZU/93.1/EN/6.9//////
| L54707 = ZU/97.9////////
| L54708 = ZU/99.3////////
| L54709 = ZU/91.0/EN/6.1/XH/1.1////
| L54710 = ZU/97.6/EN/1.3//////
| L54711 = ZU/98.8////////
| L54712 = ZU/98.1////////
| L54713 = ZU/99.7////////
| L54714 = /////////
| L54715 = ZU/99.4////////
| L54716 = ZU/98.8////////
| L54717 = ZU/99.7////////
| L54801 = ZU/95.5/ST/4.1//////
| L54802 = ZU/79.3/EN/13.1/ST/3.2/XH/2.4//
| L54803 = ZU/94.9/ST/4.2//////
| L54804 = ZU/87.8/EN/8.4/ST/2.2/XH/1.1//
| L54805 = ZU/98.0/ST/2.0//////
| L54806 = ZU/73.6/EN/20.6/XH/2.5/ST/2.0//
| L54807 = ZU/100////////
| L54808 = ZU/100////////
| L54901 = XH/71.8/ST/12.5/AF/11.5/EN/2.8/ZU/1.3
| L54902 = XH/59.9/ST/33.1/AF/3.2/ZU/1.8/EN/1.6
| L54903 = XH/65.1/ST/29.9/ZU/3.6////
| L54904 = XH/32.0/EN/28.1/AF/20.7/ST/16.6/ZU/1.5
| L54905 = XH/87.6/ST/8.3/ZU/3.5////
| L54906 = XH/66.9/ST/13.6/AF/12.2/EN/5.4/ZU/1.5
| L55001 = XH/89.1/ST/5.5/ZU/4.7////
| L55002 = XH/77.8/ZU/6.9/ST/5.4/EN/4.9/AF/4.7
| L55003 = XH/33.8/EN/32.9/AF/28.2/ZU/2.6/ST/1.7
| L55004 = ST/49.9/XH/30.4/AF/14.7/ZU/4.6//
| L55101 = ZU/99.4////////
| L55102 = ZU/98.9////////
| L55103 = ZU/99.3////////
| L55104 = ZU/99.2////////
| L55105 = ZU/68.9/EN/23.5/XH/4.4/ST/1.4//
| L55106 = ZU/99.6////////
| L55107 = ZU/98.7////////
| L55108 = ZU/98.4////////
| L55109 = ZU/99.1////////
| L55110 = ZU/91.5/EN/6.0/XH/1.1////
| L55111 = ZU/98.8////////
| L55112 = ZU/98.7////////
| L55113 = ZU/97.9////////
| L57201 = ZU/100////////
| L57202 = ZU/97.8////////
| L57203 = EN/62.8/AF/26.9/ZU/8.4////
| L57204 = XH/50.2/ZU/46.1/ST/1.8////
| L57205 = ZU/94.2/XH/3.8/EN/1.2////
| L57206 = EN/49.0/ZU/26.2/XH/19.7/AF/2.2/ST/1.8
| L57207 = /////////
| L57208 = EN/67.6/ZU/25.5/AF/4.1/XH/1.5//
| L57209 = ZU/55.0/EN/24.2/AF/16.5/XH/1.4/ND/1.1
| L57210 = ZU/99.3////////
| L57211 = EN/82.3/ZU/9.0/XH/3.5////
| L57212 = ZU/99.7////////
| L57213 = EN/64.7/ZU/25.4/AF/9.9////
| L57214 = ZU/78.2/XH/15.7/ST/4.4////
| L57215 = ZU/84.2/ST/8.4/XH/6.1////
| L57216 = EN/61.9/ZU/25.3/XH/8.1////
| L57217 = EN/63.3/ZU/30.5/AF/3.0/XH/1.5//
| L57218 = EN/59.5/ZU/29.0/XH/4.7/AF/3.8//
| L57219 = ZU/83.3/EN/11.7/XH/2.0/ST/1.7/AF/1.1
| L57220 = ZU/99.2////////
| L57221 = ZU/99.6////////
| L57222 = ZU/83.3/EN/12.6/XH/3.2////
| L57223 = ZU/47.5/EN/29.5/XH/19.9////
| L57224 = ZU/72.6/EN/25.3/XH/1.4////
| L57225 = ZU/98.7////////
| L57226 = ZU/96.5/EN/1.5/ND/1.0////
| L57227 = EN/66.3/ZU/30.8//////
| L57228 = ZU/96.0/XH/2.1//////
| L57229 = ZU/91.0/XH/3.9/EN/3.6////
| L57230 = EN/85.5/ZU/9.8/AF/3.0////
| L57231 = ZU/98.0////////
| L57232 = ZU/93.5/XH/4.9//////
| L57233 = ZU/96.9/EN/1.9//////
| L57234 = ZU/98.8////////
| L57235 = ZU/100////////
| L57236 = ZU/48.5/EN/36.5/AF/13.8////
| L57237 = ZU/79.8/EN/17.4/XH/1.5////
| L57238 = EN/72.1/ZU/22.1/AF/3.5/XH/1.2//
| L57239 = ZU/92.6/XH/4.8/ST/1.2////
| L57240 = ZU/97.5////////
| L57241 = ZU/95.6/XH/1.5/EN/1.4////
| L57242 = ZU/95.9/XH/1.4/ST/1.3////
| L57243 = EN/63.3/ZU/27.8/XH/5.6/AF/1.3//
| L57244 = ZU/86.7/XH/10.6/ST/1.4////
| L57245 = ZU/94.4/XH/3.3/ST/1.2////
| L57246 = ZU/98.8////////
| L57247 = ZU/98.5////////
| L57248 = ZU/97.7/XH/1.9//////
| L57249 = ZU/82.2/EN/13.4/XH/3.1////
| L57250 = ZU/99.8////////
| L57251 = ZU/99.1////////
| L57252 = ZU/97.5/XH/1.0//////
| L57253 = ZU/90.1/XH/8.2//////
| L57254 = ZU/84.2/XH/12.7/ST/1.4////
| L57255 = ZU/98.1////////
| L57256 = EN/92.3/ZU/5.5/XH/2.2////
| L57257 = ZU/94.8/ST/1.6/XH/1.5////
| L57258 = ZU/95.3/XH/2.0/ST/1.8////
| L57259 = EN/60.5/ZU/34.9/AF/1.2/XH/1.1//
| L57260 = XH/49.7/ZU/39.2/EN/10.3////
| L57261 = EN/77.5/ZU/14.3/XH/4.8////
| L57262 = EN/56.8/ZU/32.8/AF/5.2/XH/2.5//
| L57263 = EN/78.7/ZU/19.3//////
| L57264 = EN/52.7/ZU/42.1/XH/1.8////
| L57265 = ZU/98.5////////
| L57266 = ZU/97.7////////
| L57267 = EN/61.2/ZU/28.4/AF/3.0/ST/3.0//
| L57268 = ZU/96.7/XH/1.8//////
| L57269 = ZU/93.4/XH/5.8//////
| L57270 = EN/92.5/ZU/5.2//////
| L57271 = ZU/52.2/EN/39.7/AF/3.7/XH/2.0/ST/1.4
| L57272 = ZU/97.7////////
| L57273 = ZU/97.9////////
| L57274 = EN/72.4/AF/16.2/ZU/8.3/XH/1.1//
| L57275 = ZU/77.2/XH/19.4/EN/2.4////
| L57276 = EN/64.3/ZU/34.4//////
| L57277 = ZU/94.0/XH/3.4/ST/1.0////
| L57278 = ZU/99.1////////
| L57279 = ZU/98.5////////
| L57280 = EN/70.8/ZU/22.7/XH/3.6////
| L57281 = EN/73.9/ZU/19.6/AF/3.7////
| L57282 = ZU/95.2/XH/2.4/ST/1.0////
| L57283 = ZU/93.1/EN/3.9//////
| L57284 = EN/71.0/AF/12.3/ZU/12.3////
| L57285 = ZU/96.2/XH/2.1//////
| L57286 = EN/80.5/ZU/7.9/AF/6.9/XH/1.5//
| L57287 = EN/67.0/ZU/15.6/AF/14.0/XH/1.5//
| L57288 = ZU/95.9/XH/3.0//////
| L57289 = EN/59.1/ZU/28.1/XH/3.5////
| L57290 = EN/78.8/ZU/15.4/AF/4.4////
| L57291 = EN/57.7/ZU/32.5/AF/4.0/XH/3.0//
| L57292 = ZU/97.3/EN/1.7//////
| L57294 = ZU/96.1/XH/1.5/ND/1.1////
| L59101 = ZU/83.3/EN/16.7//////
| L59201 = ZU/78.7/EN/10.7/AF/4.0/XH/1.3/ST/1.3
| L59202 = ZU/62.9/EN/14.3/ST/5.7////
| L59203 = ZU/94.7////////
| L59204 = EN/38.8/ZU/25.9/AF/7.8////
| L59301 = ZU/94.2/EN/3.8/AF/1.9////
| L59302 = ZU/99.5////////
| L59303 = ZU/83.6/EN/6.6/ST/6.6////
| L59304 = ZU/78.9/EN/15.8/AF/2.6////
| L59305 = ZU/66.7/AF/16.7/EN/16.7////
| L59306 = ZU/90.5/EN/3.4/AF/2.6/XH/1.7//
| L59307 = ZU/98.3////////
| L59308 = ZU/100////////
| L59309 = ZU/94.6/EN/4.0/NS/1.3////
| L59310 = /////////
| L59401 = ZU/73.4/EN/14.1/XH/5.9/AF/3.7/ST/1.8
| L60101 = NS/35.0/TS/25.0/ST/15.0/TN/15.0/ZU/7.5
| L60102 = EN/31.2/TN/27.9/AF/13.6/NS/13.6/SS/5.8
| L60103 = TN/47.1/TS/22.6/NS/18.9/ND/4.0/ZU/2.5
| L60104 = TN/76.7/TS/9.7/NS/9.0/ND/1.7//
| L60105 = TN/68.4/NS/15.0/TS/13.9/ZU/1.6//
| L60106 = TN/39.6/TS/26.9/NS/20.7/ND/4.4/ZU/2.5
| L60107 = TN/71.6/TS/13.4/NS/8.8/ND/1.3/ZU/1.3
| L60108 = TN/53.5/TS/36.3/NS/7.0/ST/1.5/AF/1.1
| L60109 = ZU/34.2/NS/15.8/VE/15.8/TS/13.2/ND/10.5
| L60110 = TS/33.0/TN/22.7/NS/18.1/ND/8.8/ZU/6.5
| L60111 = TN/44.6/NS/30.9/TS/16.8/ST/3.1/ND/3.0
| L60112 = TS/47.3/NS/16.9/TN/16.3/ND/9.4/ZU/3.1
| L60113 = NS/27.5/TS/23.1/TN/15.4/ZU/12.8/ST/4.9
| L60114 = TS/34.9/NS/29.9/TN/13.1/VE/5.5/ZU/4.1
| L60115 = TS/45.6/NS/19.4/TN/12.9/ZU/9.7/ND/5.2
| L60116 = ZU/28.7/TS/23.6/TN/20.9/NS/15.5/VE/4.8
| L60201 = TN/41.0/ZU/16.6/ST/16.5/NS/9.1/TS/8.6
| L60202 = TN/77.8/NS/6.9/TS/6.0/ZU/2.6/ST/1.9
| L60203 = TN/70.6/NS/8.6/TS/7.0/ZU/4.1/ST/3.6
| L60204 = TN/83.9/TS/8.0/NS/4.3/ZU/1.4//
| L60205 = TN/71.1/TS/8.2/XH/4.7/NS/4.3/ZU/4.1
| L60206 = TN/43.8/AF/25.0/ZU/18.8/EN/6.2/TS/6.2
| L60207 = AF/71.8/EN/12.4/TN/9.8/NS/1.3/ST/1.1
| L60208 = AF/50.4/TN/34.8/ST/4.3/NS/4.1/TS/1.6
| L60209 = XH/31.4/NS/25.9/TS/11.8/TN/8.6/ZU/5.9
| L60210 = TN/43.1/TS/17.3/NS/15.9/ND/8.9/ZU/5.6
| L60211 = AF/64.3/EN/35.7//////
| L60212 = AF/48.4/TN/12.9/EN/6.5/ST/6.5/VE/6.5
| L60213 = AF/70.5/EN/16.9/TN/3.6/NS/2.2/ZU/1.1
| L60214 = ZU/28.8/TS/26.6/NS/16.3/VE/9.8/TN/8.6
| L60215 = TN/60.7/ST/9.4/NS/8.0/TS/7.0/ZU/6.6
| L60216 = TN/28.4/AF/22.3/TS/16.6/NS/14.6/XH/3.8
| L60217 = AF/50.8/EN/12.8/TN/11.9/NS/10.0/ST/4.6
| L60218 = XH/44.0/ST/25.7/TS/19.3/ZU/3.1/TN/2.7
| L60219 = AF/65.1/TN/11.8/EN/8.2/XH/4.2/ST/4.1
| L60220 = TN/23.8/ZU/19.3/NS/17.1/TS/13.8/ST/9.6
| L60221 = TN/48.2/NS/20.1/TS/13.3/VE/4.1/ZU/3.9
| L60222 = AF/51.9/EN/15.4/NS/9.6/TN/9.6/ST/5.8
| L60223 = ST/64.7/TN/12.0/ZU/10.8/NS/4.7/TS/3.4
| L60224 = AF/60.8/TN/26.7/NS/5.1/ST/2.3/ZU/1.7
| L60225 = XH/42.5/ST/16.2/TS/14.9/TN/13.7/ZU/6.0
| L60301 = TN/69.5/XH/13.1/ST/6.5/TS/4.2/ZU/1.3
| L60302 = TN/90.0/ZU/2.9/XH/2.1/TS/1.5/ST/1.1
| L60303 = TN/79.1/TS/5.9/XH/4.3/ST/2.6/ZU/2.3
| L60304 = XH/36.1/TN/27.7/ST/11.7/TS/6.0/ZU/4.1
| L60305 = TN/68.1/XH/13.1/TS/6.4/ST/2.9/ZU/2.5
| L60306 = TN/85.7/XH/4.1/TS/2.3/ZU/2.1/NS/1.9
| L60307 = TN/69.5/AF/9.4/XH/5.0/ST/5.0/NS/3.3
| L60308 = TN/92.8/XH/2.7/ST/1.6////
| L60309 = TN/62.1/XH/20.6/ST/6.0/TS/4.0/ZU/1.8
| L60310 = TN/88.3/XH/3.8/ZU/2.4/TS/1.5/NS/1.1
| L60311 = TN/83.8/XH/5.7/ST/1.7/ZU/1.5/TS/1.5
| L60312 = XH/50.0/ST/25.0/TN/25.0////
| L60313 = TN/79.3/XH/7.7/ZU/5.9/ST/2.4/AF/1.3
| L60314 = TN/26.3/XH/25.2/TS/16.9/ST/12.4/ZU/4.7
| L60315 = AF/51.2/TN/27.0/EN/10.6/XH/4.6/ST/1.7
| L60316 = TN/57.8/XH/26.3/ST/4.3/TS/3.2/NS/1.7
| L60317 = TN/85.4/XH/3.0/TS/2.5/ZU/2.0/AF/1.6
| L60318 = AF/72.5/TN/12.4/EN/6.3/XH/3.4/ZU/1.5
| L60319 = TN/44.0/XH/15.7/AF/14.9/ST/6.1/TS/5.5
| L60320 = TN/46.7/XH/18.4/TS/11.2/ST/7.1/NS/5.5
| L60401 = TN/94.0/XH/2.4/AF/1.4////
| L60402 = TN/71.5/AF/20.9/XH/4.1/EN/1.9//
| L60403 = TN/75.6/AF/16.9/XH/2.0/EN/1.2/ZU/1.2
| L60404 = AF/82.2/EN/8.8/TN/8.1////
| L60405 = TN/48.2/AF/18.7/TS/15.3/XH/4.2//
| L60406 = TN/92.7/XH/2.5/ST/1.4/ZU/1.0//
| L60407 = AF/59.3/TN/26.8/EN/8.2/ZU/2.9//
| L60501 = XH/72.8/TN/16.3/ZU/6.2/NS/1.9/ST/1.8
| L60502 = TN/72.4/XH/5.4/TS/4.7/ZU/3.9/ST/2.6
| L60503 = TN/90.6/XH/3.8/NS/1.5/TS/1.3//
| L60504 = TN/66.1/ZU/22.1/XH/4.0/ST/3.9/TS/1.1
| L60505 = TN/85.4/ST/6.9/XH/4.2/ZU/1.4/NS/1.4
| L60506 = TN/95.5/ND/1.4//////
| L60507 = TN/94.5/NS/1.2//////
| L60508 = TN/93.5/XH/2.2/ST/1.8////
| L60509 = TN/79.1/ZU/11.7/ST/3.9/XH/3.1//
| L60510 = TN/92.7/ST/2.6/ZU/1.8/NS/1.3//
| L60511 = TN/98.4////////
| L60512 = TN/87.5/XH/10.8/ST/1.1////
| L60513 = TN/95.4/AF/1.4//////
| L60514 = TN/79.1/ZU/8.1/XH/7.9/ST/1.6/AF/1.2
| L60515 = TN/97.3////////
| L60516 = TN/97.1/XH/1.0//////
| L60517 = TN/99.0////////
| L60518 = TN/75.0/XH/12.5/EN/6.2/ST/6.2//
| L60519 = /////////
| L60520 = TN/98.9////////
| L60521 = /////////
| L60522 = TN/81.7/EN/4.5/XH/3.0/ZU/2.8/TS/2.4
| L60523 = TN/99.2////////
| L60524 = TN/96.6////////
| L60525 = TN/95.5/ND/1.8//////
| L60526 = EN/53.4/AF/25.9/TN/11.7/ZU/3.0/ST/1.4
| L60527 = XH/42.5/TS/19.3/TN/16.4/ST/13.9/NS/2.3
| L60601 = TN/99.2////////
| L60602 = TN/95.3/ST/1.5//////
| L60603 = TN/100////////
| L60604 = TN/86.5/ST/6.9/XH/4.0////
| L60605 = TN/95.0/XH/2.2/ST/1.3////
| L60606 = TN/89.0/AF/7.5//////
| L60701 = TN/81.9/XH/10.4/ST/4.3/AF/1.3//
| L60702 = TN/91.2/ST/3.7/XH/2.6////
| L60703 = TN/89.1/XH/5.4/ST/3.1/AF/1.1//
| L60704 = TN/88.3/ST/6.4/XH/3.9////
| L60705 = TN/81.2/XH/7.7/ST/6.3/ZU/2.0/AF/1.0
| L60706 = TN/44.2/AF/41.7/ST/3.1/XH/2.8/EN/2.3
| L60707 = TN/88.3/XH/10.6//////
| L60708 = TN/85.3/XH/7.3/ST/3.6/AF/1.7//
| L60709 = TN/84.8/ST/10.0/XH/2.9////
| L60710 = AF/82.4/TN/5.9/EN/3.6/ST/3.1/SS/1.4
| L60711 = AF/89.9/TN/5.6/EN/2.3////
| L60712 = TN/83.7/AF/9.5/XH/3.0/ST/1.4//
| L60801 = TN/97.7/ST/1.5//////
| L60802 = TN/80.0/XH/7.9/ST/7.1/ZU/1.8/AF/1.0
| L60803 = /////////
| L60804 = TN/79.9/XH/9.7/ST/5.9/ZU/3.3//
| L60805 = TN/83.1/XH/8.2/ST/3.7/ZU/1.4/AF/1.1
| L60806 = TN/83.9/XH/8.1/ST/5.5/VE/1.3//
| L60807 = TN/99.6////////
| L60808 = TN/95.6/ST/1.5//////
| L60809 = TN/85.9/XH/5.9/ST/4.7/ZU/1.2//
| L60810 = TN/81.1/XH/18.3//////
| L60811 = TN/80.9/XH/7.3/ST/5.3/ZU/1.2//
| L60812 = TN/91.7/XH/2.6/ST/2.4/ZU/1.4//
| L60813 = TN/77.7/AF/18.2/EN/2.0/XH/2.0//
| L60814 = TN/90.6/XH/4.6/ST/3.0////
| L60815 = TN/83.4/AF/11.9/EN/2.0/XH/2.0//
| L60816 = TN/36.1/AF/33.2/EN/23.2/ST/2.2/XH/1.4
| L60817 = TN/84.3/EN/4.4/ST/2.8/XH/2.5/AF/2.3
| L60818 = TN/85.5/XH/6.1/ST/2.6/AF/1.2/ZU/1.2
| L60819 = TN/42.3/AF/40.9/EN/10.5/ST/2.1/TS/2.1
| L60820 = TN/51.3/AF/37.6/XH/5.6/EN/3.9/ST/1.1
| L60821 = AF/50.0/TN/50.0//////
| L60822 = TN/92.2/XH/2.6/ND/1.7/ST/1.7//
| L60823 = TN/77.3/AF/9.4/ZU/3.3/XH/3.2/ST/2.5
| L60824 = TN/84.8/AF/14.2/ND/1.0////
| L60825 = TN/81.0/ST/19.0//////
| L60901 = TN/96.3/AF/1.3/ST/1.3////
| L60902 = TN/83.3/XH/11.4/ZU/4.2////
| L60903 = TN/85.0/XH/8.3/ST/3.0/ZU/1.8//
| L60904 = TN/66.9/AF/24.9/XH/3.7/EN/1.2/ST/1.1
| L60905 = TN/85.3/AF/8.9/XH/2.0/ST/1.2/ZU/1.1
| L60906 = TN/80.6/XH/8.9/ST/4.8/ZU/4.1//
| L60907 = TN/91.0/XH/3.3/ST/3.2/AF/1.3//
| L60908 = TN/90.5/ST/3.7/XH/3.1////
| L60909 = TN/85.6/XH/7.3/ZU/2.8/ST/2.3//
| L60910 = AF/71.7/TN/20.2/EN/4.5/XH/1.2//
| L60911 = TN/90.5/XH/4.8/NS/2.0/ND/1.1//
| L60912 = TN/83.7/XH/10.3/ST/1.8/AF/1.5/ZU/1.2
| L61001 = TN/95.4/XH/3.4//////
| L61002 = TN/91.9/XH/7.5//////
| L61003 = TN/97.9////////
| L61004 = TN/99.0////////
| L61005 = TN/97.6/AF/2.4//////
| L61006 = TN/98.9////////
| L61007 = TN/98.5////////
| L61008 = TN/98.5////////
| L61009 = TN/91.8/AF/2.5/XH/1.4/ZU/1.2//
| L61010 = TN/98.6////////
| L61011 = TN/91.2/XH/4.5/ST/3.0////
| L61012 = TN/77.8/AF/18.8/EN/1.7////
| L61013 = /////////
| L61014 = TN/95.4/ST/1.1/XH/1.0////
| L61015 = TN/79.5/AF/16.6/EN/2.1////
| L61016 = TN/98.8////////
| L61017 = AF/55.1/TN/28.2/EN/11.8////
| L61101 = TN/97.1////////
| L61102 = TN/84.6/AF/13.5//////
| L61103 = TN/75.7/AF/23.0/XH/1.3////
| L61104 = TN/97.2/AF/1.5//////
| L61105 = TN/90.0/AF/9.4//////
| L61201 = TN/93.9/XH/2.1/ST/1.2/AF/1.0//
| L61202 = TN/83.1/AF/14.6//////
| L61203 = AF/61.9/TN/35.9/TS/1.1////
| L61204 = AF/68.8/TN/24.2/EN/5.2////
| L61301 = TN/80.6/AF/8.4/ST/7.8/XH/2.7//
| L61302 = TN/90.6/AF/3.7/ST/3.6/XH/2.0//
| L61303 = TN/92.4/ST/3.7/XH/1.8////
| L61304 = TN/87.3/AF/8.3/ST/2.2/XH/1.2//
| L61305 = TN/94.2/ST/4.1//////
| L61306 = AF/82.2/EN/7.8/TN/7.5/ST/1.0//
| L61401 = TN/90.5/ST/5.0/XH/2.7////
| L61402 = TN/95.3/XH/1.3/ST/1.1////
| L61403 = TN/93.5/XH/3.1/ST/1.4////
| L61404 = TN/96.3/AF/1.2//////
| L61405 = TN/72.2/AF/25.3//////
| L61406 = TN/82.6/AF/15.9//////
| L61407 = TN/97.1/XH/1.1//////
| L61408 = TN/92.2/XH/2.7/ST/1.5/AF/1.1//
| L61409 = TN/100////////
| L61501 = TN/85.1/AF/12.9//////
| L61502 = TN/6.9/AF/1.8/EN/1.4////
| L61601 = AF/85.9/TN/8.5/EN/3.0/ST/1.5//
| L61602 = TN/78.5/ST/9.8/XH/7.8/AF/1.5//
| L61603 = AF/67.1/TN/25.0/XH/2.7/EN/1.8/ST/1.5
| L61604 = TN/68.5/AF/14.6/ST/12.0/XH/3.3//
| L61605 = TN/86.5/XH/7.1/ST/3.8/AF/1.5//
| L61701 = /////////
| L61702 = TN/75.6/XH/15.6/ST/3.9/AF/2.4/ZU/1.4
| L61703 = TN/74.3/AF/11.0/XH/8.8/ST/3.5//
| L61704 = AF/75.2/TN/15.8/EN/3.9/XH/1.9/ST/1.0
| L61801 = TN/64.6/ST/14.9/XH/14.2/AF/2.8/ZU/1.6
| L61802 = TN/57.1/ST/18.2/XH/16.3/EN/2.3/ZU/2.2
| L61803 = AF/82.5/TN/6.4/EN/6.4/ST/1.5/XH/1.3
| L61804 = AF/64.8/TN/22.6/ST/6.4/XH/4.2//
| L61805 = AF/33.6/TN/29.8/ST/17.4/XH/12.1/ZU/2.2
| L61901 = ST/44.3/XH/16.6/TS/14.7/TN/12.5/AF/4.9
| L61902 = TN/67.5/AF/10.5/XH/8.2/ST/7.0/TS/3.5
| L61903 = AF/50.6/TN/43.4/VE/2.2/EN/1.7/XH/1.7
| L61904 = XH/83.3/AF/16.7//////
| L61905 = ST/29.4/XH/25.2/TN/16.2/AF/10.1/EN/5.4
| L61906 = AF/62.0/TN/27.4/XH/3.3/EN/3.1/ST/3.1
| L61907 = ST/35.5/XH/32.7/TS/16.1/TN/5.3/ZU/4.2
| L61908 = TN/61.3/XH/20.0/ST/14.3/ZU/1.6//
| L61909 = ST/49.5/XH/22.6/TN/21.4/ZU/2.6/TS/1.5
| L61910 = XH/28.5/TS/26.6/ST/25.6/TN/8.7/ZU/4.8
| L61911 = TN/33.5/ST/28.4/XH/27.6/ZU/3.8/TS/2.8
| L61912 = AF/69.8/TN/11.7/EN/10.6/ST/3.7/XH/2.3
| L61913 = /////////
| L61914 = AF/56.6/ST/14.7/XH/8.7/TN/8.4/EN/6.3
| L61915 = XH/44.4/ST/24.8/TN/12.2/TS/10.5/SS/3.5
| L61916 = AF/72.5/EN/14.0/TN/6.4/ST/2.8/XH/2.2
| L61917 = TN/48.1/ST/22.6/XH/14.0/TS/7.7/ZU/3.2
| L61918 = TN/78.3/XH/14.6/ST/3.4/AF/1.2//
| L61919 = XH/34.7/ST/26.1/TN/14.3/TS/6.0/AF/4.6
| L62001 = TN/67.3/ST/17.5/XH/9.4/ND/1.8/ZU/1.8
| L62002 = TN/66.3/ST/17.0/XH/12.3/ZU/1.4/AF/1.1
| L62003 = TN/76.8/ST/10.8/XH/7.8/AF/2.9//
| L62004 = AF/89.1/TN/2.6/EN/1.4////
| L62005 = TN/59.8/AF/27.8/ST/7.4/XH/3.9//
| L62006 = TN/74.2/AF/11.4/ST/7.7/XH/4.4//
| L62007 = TN/80.6/XH/10.4/ST/5.7/AF/1.2/NS/1.2
| L62008 = TN/81.2/ST/8.0/XH/6.2/AF/1.3/ZU/1.2
| L62009 = AF/86.4/TN/11.2//////
| L62010 = AF/81.5/TN/12.2/EN/3.3/ST/1.4/NS/1.0
| L62101 = TN/100////////
| L62102 = TN/94.6/NS/1.5/XH/1.3////
| L62103 = TN/98.2////////
| L62104 = TN/98.8////////
| L62105 = TN/97.7////////
| L62106 = TN/97.2////////
| L67601 = TN/32.1/NS/26.7/TS/22.5/ND/8.5/ZU/3.5
| L67602 = TN/47.2/TS/12.7/NS/11.6/ZU/8.3/ST/6.8
| L67603 = TN/80.2/NS/7.1/TS/3.5/ZU/2.5/ST/1.9
| L67604 = TN/36.8/TS/11.6/AF/10.5/EN/8.4/NS/8.4
| L67605 = TN/40.0/TS/15.9/NS/13.0/ZU/12.3/ND/6.5
| L67606 = NS/38.1/TN/20.6/ZU/15.4/TS/13.6/ND/8.9
| L67607 = TN/47.0/NS/19.9/TS/14.0/ND/7.4/ZU/4.1
| L67608 = TS/26.4/TN/25.4/NS/24.1/ND/8.4/ZU/6.4
| L67609 = TN/31.1/NS/17.4/TS/14.9/ND/14.8/ZU/9.2
| L67610 = TN/76.2/TS/7.1/ZU/6.4/NS/5.6/ST/3.2
| L67611 = NS/37.1/TS/24.3/TN/21.4/XH/10.0/ZU/4.3
| L68101 = TN/96.6/AF/1.1/XH/1.0////
| L68102 = TN/95.5/AF/1.7/XH/1.3////
| L68103 = /////////
| L68104 = TN/93.5/XH/1.6/EN/1.2/AF/1.1//
| L68701 = AF/93.0/TN/4.2/XH/1.4/ZU/1.4//
| L68702 = TN/89.8/XH/6.0/ST/1.7////
| L68801 = ST/37.3/XH/23.1/TS/17.1/SS/14.1/ZU/4.8
| L68802 = ST/35.2/XH/28.3/TS/16.2/ZU/8.2/SS/6.3
| L68803 = AF/81.0/ST/5.4/TN/4.7/EN/4.3/XH/2.3
| L68804 = TN/31.2/XH/30.8/ST/27.7/ZU/3.6/TS/2.8
| L68805 = ST/50.2/XH/28.7/TN/5.9/ZU/5.6/TS/4.1
| L68806 = ST/27.1/AF/24.3/XH/22.3/TN/18.5/ZU/2.4
| L68807 = XH/50.7/ST/18.9/TN/11.8/ZU/8.0/TS/5.2
| L69101 = EN/42.3/AF/36.5/TN/9.6/NS/1.9/VE/1.9
| L69102 = EN/61.7/AF/21.3/ZU/4.3/NS/4.3/ST/4.3
| L70101 = TN/51.4/ZU/14.5/XH/13.6/ST/7.2/NS/4.7
| L70102 = AF/48.3/EN/20.9/TN/12.4/ZU/4.1/XH/3.4
| L70103 = TN/53.6/AF/12.9/ZU/9.9/EN/9.9/XH/3.6
| L70104 = TN/37.0/EN/11.0/AF/10.3/ZU/10.0/NS/7.9
| L70105 = TN/26.7/VE/18.5/ZU/14.5/EN/10.0/AF/9.2
| L70106 = TN/69.4/XH/10.8/ZU/5.4/ST/4.5/NS/3.2
| L70107 = TN/77.6/XH/8.0/ZU/7.8/NS/2.2/ST/1.9
| L70108 = TN/25.3/XH/23.4/ZU/19.7/TS/11.6/ST/9.4
| L70109 = TN/71.7/ZU/10.8/XH/4.9/AF/3.4/ST/2.6
| L70201 = TN/27.7/XH/21.5/TS/15.3/ST/10.3/ZU/9.7
| L70202 = TN/49.4/XH/22.4/NS/11.7/ST/6.8/TS/5.8
| L70203 = TN/59.7/XH/13.5/ZU/8.9/ST/8.2/NS/4.5
| L70204 = ZU/22.9/ST/20.6/TS/14.6/XH/10.5/TN/7.7
| L70205 = AF/51.0/TN/20.8/EN/8.0/XH/5.1/ST/5.1
| L70206 = AF/74.8/TN/12.7/XH/2.9/ST/2.3/ZU/2.3
| L70207 = TN/36.3/XH/16.9/TS/14.4/ST/12.1/NS/9.7
| L70208 = TN/52.5/XH/9.5/AF/9.4/ST/9.2/NS/5.7
| L70301 = XH/36.6/TN/20.1/ST/19.4/ZU/8.4/TS/8.0
| L70302 = TS/22.1/XH/20.5/ZU/17.2/ST/10.5/SS/7.8
| L70303 = TS/33.6/XH/27.2/ST/16.0/ZU/6.5/TN/6.3
| L70304 = XH/39.9/ZU/16.0/ST/14.8/TN/10.4/TS/3.8
| L70305 = AF/42.2/XH/14.3/ST/10.3/EN/9.4/ZU/7.2
| L70306 = AF/47.1/XH/10.9/ST/9.9/TN/8.6/EN/6.1
| L70307 = ST/21.9/TN/21.0/ZU/17.1/NS/10.5/XH/9.5
| L70308 = ST/25.1/XH/24.5/TS/16.2/ZU/11.9/TN/9.3
| L70309 = ST/26.9/XH/21.8/TS/14.4/TN/12.4/ZU/12.1
| L70310 = XH/28.1/ST/20.0/AF/12.9/TN/11.4/ZU/6.6
| L70311 = ST/42.2/XH/27.8/TS/11.6/ZU/8.0/SS/3.1
| L70312 = XH/40.5/ZU/11.0/SS/6.6/TN/5.9/ST/5.5
| L70313 = TS/45.6/XH/18.5/ST/13.3/ZU/8.2/TN/2.4
| L70314 = AF/54.3/XH/10.8/ZU/8.7/TN/8.0/ST/6.3
| L70315 = AF/34.4/XH/23.6/ST/19.2/ZU/5.5/EN/4.8
| L70316 = ZU/21.5/ST/20.6/TN/13.5/XH/12.6/AF/11.2
| L70317 = AF/47.4/TN/11.7/XH/10.5/ST/9.3/EN/8.9
| L70401 = ST/52.1/XH/17.6/ZU/16.6/TN/4.8/NS/4.8
| L70402 = ST/70.6/XH/12.8/ZU/11.1/TN/1.5/NS/1.3
| L70403 = ST/51.2/AF/17.8/XH/11.4/ZU/8.5/TN/4.0
| L70404 = ST/60.1/ZU/21.6/XH/9.2/TN/3.7/TS/1.5
| L70405 = ZU/42.8/ST/28.0/TN/11.4/XH/6.7/NS/4.2
| L70406 = ST/65.0/ZU/16.1/XH/11.8/TN/2.8/NS/1.7
| L70407 = ST/75.6/XH/9.1/ZU/7.5/TN/4.6/NS/1.2
| L70408 = ST/71.2/XH/11.2/ZU/10.0/TN/2.4/SS/1.4
| L70409 = AF/62.5/ST/16.2/EN/9.0/ZU/3.8/XH/3.1
| L70410 = AF/46.6/ST/20.9/EN/16.3/ZU/5.7/XH/3.9
| L70501 = AF/26.8/ZU/24.3/EN/16.8/NS/10.3/XH/8.4
| L70502 = ST/61.6/ZU/22.4/XH/8.0/TN/2.5/NS/2.1
| L70503 = AF/43.7/ST/30.4/ZU/8.7/XH/7.0/EN/5.5
| L70504 = ST/44.0/ZU/20.3/AF/11.9/XH/10.8/EN/5.7
| L70505 = EN/26.5/AF/26.4/ST/19.5/ZU/11.3/XH/7.0
| L70506 = /////////
| L70507 = ST/66.7/EN/33.3//////
| L70508 = AF/53.1/ST/18.2/EN/15.0/ZU/7.2/XH/3.1
| L70509 = EN/30.3/ST/23.8/ZU/16.1/AF/12.6/XH/6.8
| L70601 = AF/38.6/ZU/21.3/NS/8.9/ST/7.7/XH/6.8
| L70602 = AF/65.3/EN/11.6/ZU/9.3/ST/6.4/XH/3.0
| L70603 = ZU/65.4/ND/16.4/ST/7.4/XH/4.1/SS/3.7
| L70604 = ZU/37.7/AF/23.6/ST/17.1/XH/5.8/ND/5.2
| L70605 = ZU/43.4/ST/19.2/AF/13.6/XH/7.9/EN/4.6
| L70606 = ZU/52.5/ST/37.0/XH/5.8/NS/1.1//
| L70607 = /////////
| L70701 = AF/23.2/NS/22.2/ZU/14.9/ST/10.3/TS/8.5
| L70702 = AF/26.9/NS/24.1/ZU/12.9/XH/8.1/ST/7.4
| L70703 = NS/30.8/TN/27.6/TS/22.9/ND/5.6/ST/4.0
| L70704 = AF/43.5/NS/16.6/ST/6.7/ND/6.6/TN/5.3
| L70705 = AF/43.8/NS/23.3/ST/15.6/ND/8.5/ZU/3.7
| L70706 = AF/88.6/EN/5.8/NS/2.0////
| L70707 = NS/54.9/ZU/9.8/ND/7.9/ST/7.1/TN/6.7
| L70708 = AF/53.8/ST/23.1/EN/11.5/NS/7.7/TN/3.8
| L70709 = NS/34.5/AF/29.1/TN/12.7/EN/10.9/TS/9.1
| L77301 = AF/48.9/EN/38.1/ZU/4.1/ST/2.9/XH/1.7
| L77302 = ZU/34.3/NS/17.1/ST/13.2/ND/8.7/TS/8.3
| L77303 = EN/70.5/ZU/5.3/AF/5.2/NS/3.4/XH/2.8
| L77304 = EN/46.1/AF/24.0/ZU/12.5/NS/4.6/ST/3.4
| L77305 = AF/29.7/EN/22.2/ZU/14.7/NS/7.7/XH/7.6
| L77306 = AF/54.8/EN/15.4/ZU/12.6/ST/3.8/NS/3.4
| L77307 = ZU/66.6/AF/12.0/ST/11.7/XH/4.6/ND/1.1
| L77308 = ZU/43.8/NS/15.4/ST/11.9/XH/10.9/TN/5.3
| L77309 = ZU/39.5/NS/15.6/XH/12.4/ST/10.5/TS/7.9
| L77310 = ZU/62.9/ST/19.4/XH/6.9/NS/2.8/TN/2.6
| L77311 = XH/25.7/ZU/25.3/NS/17.6/ST/11.3/AF/6.7
| L77312 = EN/74.1/AF/9.4/ZU/3.7/NS/2.9/XH/2.4
| L77313 = ZU/26.2/NS/20.8/TS/14.3/ST/10.2/AF/7.4
| L77314 = ZU/46.6/NS/13.4/TS/10.5/ST/7.9/XH/7.9
| L77315 = AF/27.3/EN/26.0/ZU/13.2/XH/10.2/NS/6.6
| L77316 = ZU/39.4/ST/25.2/XH/12.9/TS/8.4/NS/6.4
| L77317 = AF/47.1/EN/28.4/NS/6.1/ZU/6.0/ST/3.0
| L77318 = ZU/56.8/ST/8.7/NS/8.6/XH/8.6/TN/7.3
| L77319 = ZU/41.4/NS/19.6/XH/9.3/TS/8.5/ST/8.3
| L77320 = AF/30.7/NS/15.3/EN/12.4/ZU/11.0/TN/6.8
| L77321 = AF/51.2/EN/19.4/ZU/16.6/ST/5.0/XH/2.5
| L77322 = AF/47.8/XH/12.1/NS/11.2/ZU/7.2/ST/6.9
| L77323 = AF/39.2/EN/21.2/ZU/13.5/XH/7.3/NS/6.2
| L77324 = NS/34.5/ZU/25.0/TS/12.1/XH/7.9/ST/7.2
| L77325 = ZU/38.8/ST/27.0/XH/19.8/NS/5.9/TS/3.2
| L77326 = ZU/56.5/ST/10.8/NS/9.2/XH/7.9/TS/3.9
| L77327 = ZU/48.2/ST/19.4/XH/9.3/NS/8.0/TS/5.7
| L77328 = ZU/43.3/EN/16.4/ST/10.0/NS/8.9/XH/7.2
| L77401 = ZU/27.6/NS/24.4/TS/11.8/TN/10.5/XH/10.0
| L77402 = XH/26.0/NS/26.0/ST/11.0/TN/11.0/TS/9.0
| L77403 = ZU/17.6/ST/17.4/TN/13.4/XH/10.2/AF/9.7
| L77404 = ZU/34.3/TN/14.6/ST/12.8/TS/12.4/NS/11.1
| L77405 = NS/30.0/ZU/20.1/TN/11.9/TS/10.1/VE/8.2
| L77406 = NS/35.9/ZU/20.4/TS/9.6/XH/9.4/TN/7.4
| L77407 = EN/67.1/AF/11.4/ZU/6.1/NS/5.0/XH/3.4
| L77408 = NS/28.0/ZU/23.5/TS/22.9/XH/9.3/ST/4.9
| L77409 = EN/37.1/ZU/17.3/AF/16.0/ST/5.7/XH/5.6
| L77410 = TN/32.4/ZU/16.8/XH/12.5/ST/11.4/TS/9.5
| L77411 = EN/34.7/NS/19.0/ZU/10.6/AF/10.0/XH/8.2
| L77412 = NS/28.3/XH/24.9/ZU/19.9/ST/6.6/TN/6.0
| L77413 = NS/31.3/XH/25.3/ZU/18.2/TS/9.0/ST/5.6
| L77414 = ZU/32.7/TN/27.0/ST/10.5/TS/10.1/NS/6.7
| L77415 = EN/41.1/NS/12.8/ZU/12.5/AF/7.2/TN/6.1
| L77416 = NS/31.1/TN/17.6/ST/13.3/ZU/9.9/VE/7.7
| L77417 = ZU/40.5/ST/36.2/XH/10.4/TS/3.7/TN/3.7
| L77418 = NS/26.1/VE/19.3/ZU/13.4/TS/13.4/ST/9.2
| L77419 = ST/38.4/XH/20.9/ZU/19.2/TN/8.7/TS/8.0
| L77420 = NS/32.4/AF/16.4/ZU/16.3/TS/8.0/XH/7.6
| L77421 = EN/60.9/AF/13.7/ZU/5.8/TN/4.6/NS/3.7
| L77422 = TS/75.0/TN/25.0//////
| L77423 = EN/36.3/AF/33.8/TN/9.4/ZU/5.1/XH/4.1
| L77424 = EN/65.1/ZU/7.7/NS/5.2/TN/4.9/AF/4.4
| L77425 = ZU/46.4/XH/16.1/ST/14.0/TN/9.9/TS/4.3
| L77426 = ZU/40.9/ST/18.3/TN/12.4/XH/10.3/TS/7.2
| L77427 = ZU/39.7/ST/23.7/XH/17.8/TN/4.4/TS/4.4
| L77428 = ZU/29.6/TN/23.5/XH/15.7/ST/10.4/TS/8.4
| L77429 = ZU/58.4/ST/15.3/TS/7.7/XH/6.5/NS/3.5
| L77430 = ZU/34.2/XH/28.2/ST/19.4/TS/6.4/NS/4.0
| L77431 = NS/19.6/ZU/18.9/TN/15.7/VE/11.5/XH/10.6
| L77432 = XH/20.4/NS/17.9/ZU/15.1/VE/13.6/TN/8.6
| L77601 = AF/49.7/TN/19.7/NS/9.5/EN/5.9/ST/3.6
| L77602 = NS/50.4/TN/20.8/ST/7.1/ZU/6.4/TS/4.3
| L77603 = AF/49.3/EN/31.6/NS/5.8/TN/2.5/ZU/2.2
| L77604 = NS/27.2/AF/24.3/TS/12.9/TN/10.1/ZU/6.8
| L77605 = TN/40.1/NS/20.2/TS/9.0/ZU/8.8/ST/5.7
| L77606 = TN/37.4/NS/25.7/TS/18.2/ND/4.1/ST/3.8
| L77607 = NS/33.6/XH/23.9/ZU/11.3/TS/7.6/ND/6.9
| L77608 = TN/28.8/NS/26.6/TS/15.2/ZU/9.1/ND/7.3
| L77609 = NS/46.1/ZU/13.2/TS/10.8/ND/8.9/TN/7.7
| L77610 = NS/40.6/ZU/13.7/TS/9.3/TN/8.6/ND/7.1
| L77611 = NS/40.0/ZU/14.7/XH/10.8/TN/7.7/ST/6.8
| L77612 = AF/61.2/EN/15.0/NS/5.5/TN/4.3/ZU/2.7
| L77613 = NS/44.9/TS/16.7/TN/8.6/ZU/7.7/VE/6.3
| L77614 = NS/32.9/TS/16.9/TN/15.3/ZU/14.0/ND/7.2
| L77615 = TN/33.1/NS/28.5/TS/20.3/ND/4.4/ZU/4.1
| L78201 = AF/60.5/ND/8.8/ZU/7.2/EN/6.8/NS/6.7
| L78202 = NS/62.5/EN/25.0/TS/12.5////
| L78203 = ND/27.5/AF/24.5/NS/11.4/ZU/8.9/EN/6.1
| L78204 = AF/55.5/EN/22.9/NS/4.1/ND/3.1/TN/2.9
| L78205 = ZU/31.2/ND/28.8/NS/14.8/ST/7.5/SS/6.6
| L78206 = ND/55.7/ZU/20.0/NS/12.2/ST/6.5/SS/3.4
| L78207 = ND/32.7/ZU/30.7/NS/14.6/ST/6.8/SS/5.3
| L78801 = ZU/22.7/XH/17.2/TN/16.6/ST/12.7/TS/9.6
| L78802 = XH/27.8/AF/18.8/ST/14.3/TS/10.4/TN/7.9
| L78803 = AF/45.1/EN/11.9/TN/11.7/ST/9.9/XH/8.9
| L78804 = AF/25.2/ST/22.1/XH/15.8/ZU/11.3/TN/8.7
| L78805 = XH/34.4/ST/20.3/TS/10.5/AF/9.0/TN/6.5
| L78806 = XH/21.4/ST/19.1/AF/18.3/TS/8.9/ZU/8.8
| L78807 = AF/25.2/ST/22.2/XH/18.9/TN/11.2/ZU/7.2
| L78808 = TN/33.0/XH/29.5/ST/18.7/ZU/7.9/TS/5.9
| L78809 = XH/49.7/ST/14.0/ZU/13.0/TS/12.0/TN/6.6
| L78810 = TN/42.5/AF/17.9/ST/15.0/XH/11.6/ZU/4.5
| L78811 = AF/60.1/EN/14.0/TN/10.6/ST/4.8/XH/4.5
| L78812 = XH/46.0/ST/23.5/ZU/8.2/TS/7.0/TN/6.7
| L78813 = AF/71.9/TN/11.1/EN/5.0/XH/3.9/ST/3.1
| L78814 = ST/24.4/XH/22.2/ZU/13.2/TN/11.8/TS/9.8
| L78815 = ST/28.8/XH/27.0/TS/11.3/TN/9.4/ZU/8.4
| L79101 = TN/41.2/AF/11.2/NS/8.8/ZU/8.5/EN/8.0
| L80101 = SS/60.5/ZU/18.8/AF/7.2/ND/4.9/NS/2.8
| L80102 = AF/50.7/SS/26.4/EN/10.9/TS/7.6/ST/3.3
| L80103 = SS/96.8/ZU/1.6//////
| L80104 = AF/31.2/ZU/29.3/SS/23.7/EN/7.2/NS/2.1
| L80105 = SS/73.8/AF/6.6/EN/6.6/XH/6.6/ZU/2.6
| L80106 = ZU/66.4/SS/32.7//////
| L80107 = ZU/54.8/SS/43.9//////
| L80108 = SS/84.4/ZU/11.5/TS/2.8////
| L80109 = SS/85.7/ZU/11.7//////
| L80110 = ZU/78.4/SS/19.1/ND/1.6////
| L80111 = SS/94.5/ZU/4.2//////
| L80112 = SS/100////////
| L80113 = SS/67.9/ZU/30.5//////
| L80114 = SS/75.9/ZU/17.7/XH/1.4////
| L80115 = SS/95.2/ZU/1.7/TN/1.7////
| L80116 = ZU/53.2/SS/44.0//////
| L80117 = ZU/51.5/SS/46.7//////
| L80118 = SS/94.8/ZU/1.8/TS/1.7////
| L80119 = ZU/75.6/SS/24.3//////
| L80120 = ZU/49.6/SS/42.7/ND/4.3/ST/1.0//
| L80121 = SS/91.8/ZU/8.2//////
| L80122 = ZU/77.9/SS/17.4/ST/2.9////
| L80201 = ZU/71.9/AF/14.8/SS/6.3/EN/1.6/XH/1.3
| L80202 = ZU/51.6/AF/12.6/XH/8.8/SS/8.0/ST/5.2
| L80203 = AF/75.9/XH/10.3/ZU/10.3////
| L80204 = AF/64.9/ZU/16.6/EN/11.2/SS/3.2//
| L80205 = ZU/72.4/SS/24.5//////
| L80206 = ZU/94.8/SS/2.0/ND/1.9////
| L80207 = ZU/77.0/SS/15.4/ND/3.0/TS/1.3/XH/1.1
| L80208 = ZU/61.3/SS/32.3/AF/6.5////
| L80209 = ZU/54.8/SS/33.5/AF/6.5/ND/1.6/ST/1.1
| L80210 = ZU/86.7/SS/9.4/ND/1.1////
| L80211 = ZU/66.0/SS/31.9//////
| L80212 = ZU/91.2/AF/6.3/SS/1.7////
| L80213 = ZU/94.7/SS/2.9//////
| L80301 = ZU/43.8/AF/37.4/SS/12.2/EN/5.2//
| L80302 = ZU/98.3/SS/1.7//////
| L80303 = ZU/94.5/SS/4.6//////
| L80304 = ZU/97.6/SS/1.4//////
| L80305 = ZU/90.7/SS/7.5//////
| L80306 = ZU/80.8/SS/18.7//////
| L80307 = ZU/91.2/SS/6.6//////
| L80308 = ZU/97.7/AF/1.0//////
| L80309 = ZU/59.0/AF/26.0/EN/10.7/SS/1.1//
| L80310 = ZU/99.3////////
| L80401 = ZU/55.2/AF/30.7/EN/7.3/SS/2.6/XH/2.2
| L80402 = ZU/89.6/ST/4.7/SS/4.7////
| L80403 = ZU/97.1/SS/1.7//////
| L80404 = ZU/94.4/SS/3.1/ST/1.1////
| L80405 = ZU/75.6/ST/15.1/AF/5.4/SS/1.4//
| L80406 = ZU/85.9/AF/5.7/ST/4.1/SS/3.1//
| L80407 = ZU/92.6/ST/5.7/SS/1.0////
| L80408 = AF/49.8/ZU/31.3/EN/13.5/ST/1.6/SS/1.2
| L80409 = ZU/89.7/SS/4.6/ST/3.0////
| L80410 = ZU/44.3/AF/38.3/EN/16.3////
| L80411 = ZU/66.1/SS/10.2/XH/5.1/NS/5.1/ST/5.1
| L80501 = ZU/72.9/ST/15.6/AF/6.9/SS/1.9/ND/1.0
| L80502 = ZU/73.9/AF/23.3//////
| L80503 = ZU/79.3/ST/16.2/SS/1.5/XH/1.2//
| L80504 = ZU/96.4/AF/1.2/XH/1.2////
| L80505 = AF/40.1/ZU/37.9/ST/9.2/EN/8.0/XH/1.2
| L80506 = ZU/40.5/ST/26.0/XH/21.5/NS/3.7/TS/2.8
| L80507 = ZU/62.9/XH/18.1/SS/6.7/ST/5.7/TS/2.9
| L80601 = AF/45.6/ZU/25.2/ST/20.1/EN/3.9/XH/2.9
| L80602 = ZU/42.8/ST/32.1/AF/14.7/XH/5.5/EN/1.7
| L80603 = EN/91.8/ZU/4.1/AF/1.0/ST/1.0//
| L80604 = ZU/63.9/ST/31.2/XH/4.4////
| L80605 = ZU/72.1/ST/23.6/XH/2.1////
| L80606 = ZU/63.8/ST/30.7/XH/2.9////
| L80701 = AF/58.9/ZU/28.2/EN/4.0/ND/1.9/SS/1.9
| L80702 = AF/70.8/EN/23.8/ST/3.2/ND/1.1/ZU/1.1
| L80703 = ZU/42.9/AF/27.1/XH/10.0/ND/7.1/ST/4.3
| L80704 = AF/75.4/EN/12.3/ZU/8.2/ST/3.1/ND/1.0
| L80705 = ZU/53.7/XH/11.4/ST/10.5/ND/9.7/SS/5.0
| L80706 = ZU/86.6/ND/7.2/SS/2.8/ST/1.1//
| L80707 = AF/33.6/XH/13.7/ZU/12.9/EN/10.1/ST/9.3
| L80708 = ZU/57.0/ND/15.3/AF/6.8/ST/5.3/XH/5.3
| L80709 = ZU/30.5/ND/23.4/AF/14.8/XH/12.0/ST/6.5
| L80710 = EN/29.2/AF/23.7/ZU/22.1/ST/7.2/NS/3.8
| L80711 = ZU/100////////
| L80712 = ZU/65.7/ND/19.3/ST/5.0/SS/3.4/XH/2.7
| L80713 = AF/35.1/ZU/27.1/EN/18.9/ND/9.9/ST/3.2
| L80714 = /////////
| L80715 = XH/34.2/ZU/30.1/ST/13.6/TS/9.4/SS/4.8
| L80716 = ZU/65.2/SS/12.9/ND/7.4/EN/5.5/ST/4.2
| L80717 = AF/65.8/EN/10.4/XH/6.4/ZU/5.8/ST/3.5
| L80718 = AF/50.0/ZU/50.0//////
| L80719 = AF/69.5/EN/19.8/ZU/5.3/ST/1.5//
| L80801 = ZU/41.3/ND/35.6/XH/5.3/NS/4.6/ST/4.1
| L80802 = ND/41.7/ZU/25.3/AF/6.3/XH/6.1/ST/4.6
| L80803 = AF/63.5/ZU/11.6/EN/5.7/ND/4.3/XH/4.3
| L80804 = AF/35.1/ZU/22.7/ND/11.6/EN/7.0/NS/6.5
| L80805 = AF/77.4/EN/6.6/ZU/5.3/ND/3.5/NS/1.9
| L80901 = XH/100////////
| L80902 = ZU/40.5/AF/19.4/ND/15.5/SS/7.5/NS/5.6
| L80903 = AF/59.1/EN/11.7/ZU/7.8/NS/7.8/ND/3.9
| L80904 = ZU/92.5/XH/5.0/AF/2.5////
| L80905 = ND/100////////
| L80906 = ZU/38.1/ND/18.0/NS/9.6/SS/7.7/XH/7.0
| L80907 = AF/19.6/ZU/18.3/NS/13.7/ST/12.9/XH/12.0
| L80908 = ZU/55.2/NS/14.9/ND/13.2/SS/7.1/ST/3.1
| L80909 = ZU/49.8/SS/18.3/XH/12.5/NS/7.7/ND/4.8
| L80910 = ZU/38.9/TS/13.7/SS/11.6/ND/10.5/XH/8.4
| L80911 = /////////
| L80912 = NS/32.3/XH/16.9/ZU/12.3/ST/9.2/TN/9.2
| L80913 = ZU/53.0/ND/26.5/ST/10.8/SS/6.0/AF/1.2
| L80914 = ZU/24.6/TS/20.4/NS/13.6/SS/10.5/XH/8.6
| L80915 = AF/39.0/ZU/23.3/EN/8.5/XH/6.3/NS/5.6
| L80916 = NS/41.3/ZU/25.4/SS/9.5/ND/8.8/ST/5.1
| L80917 = NS/92.4/XH/2.9/ZU/2.4/SS/1.2//
| L80918 = ZU/56.4/NS/19.0/ND/8.9/SS/6.4/ST/3.3
| L80919 = ZU/41.3/ND/22.2/NS/12.7/SS/9.5/TS/4.8
| L80920 = NS/45.9/ZU/20.1/XH/9.6/SS/7.9/ND/6.8
| L80921 = ZU/26.4/ND/15.0/XH/13.7/NS/12.0/ST/11.4
| L80922 = ZU/40.4/XH/13.7/NS/11.3/SS/11.1/ND/10.2
| L80923 = ZU/30.0/NS/27.6/ND/12.7/XH/8.5/ST/6.4
| L80924 = ZU/65.1/ND/22.2/EN/3.2/NS/3.2/XH/1.6
| L80925 = XH/44.1/ZU/21.1/ST/13.7/SS/8.9/TS/5.7
| L80926 = ZU/29.2/NS/22.9/SS/12.6/ST/10.7/ND/9.8
| L80927 = ZU/45.3/AF/18.9/TN/12.8/ND/7.2/ST/4.5
| L80928 = AF/40.5/ZU/25.0/ND/7.0/EN/6.4/NS/6.0
| L80929 = NS/33.3/ZU/25.0/SS/16.7/TS/11.1/ND/5.6
| L80930 = ZU/24.6/NS/22.8/AF/20.1/ND/7.7/SS/7.4
| L80931 = AF/33.3/SS/21.2/NS/15.2/EN/12.1/TS/9.1
| L80932 = ZU/66.9/ND/16.0/NS/4.6/SS/3.9/XH/3.1
| L80933 = EN/51.1/ZU/18.2/NS/11.0/ND/8.0/ST/4.0
| L80934 = ZU/45.7/AF/17.1/XH/10.6/SS/8.3/EN/6.3
| L80935 = XH/28.1/ST/26.8/ZU/22.3/NS/8.7/ND/7.9
| L80936 = ND/34.2/ZU/24.7/SS/11.3/ST/8.2/NS/7.2
| L80937 = ZU/30.0/NS/17.8/TS/16.7/SS/8.9/XH/6.7
| L80938 = ZU/59.3/ND/15.3/XH/10.2/TN/7.6/NS/5.1
| L80939 = AF/48.8/ST/13.8/EN/13.0/ZU/11.4/NS/6.5
| L80940 = /////////
| L80941 = ZU/60.0/ND/16.7/SS/8.4/XH/5.0/ST/4.7
| L80942 = ZU/23.7/TS/18.3/AF/15.7/SS/11.4/NS/10.2
| L80943 = AF/46.3/ZU/13.7/EN/12.7/ND/7.8/ST/7.8
| L80944 = AF/37.2/ZU/26.6/NS/10.6/ST/6.0/EN/5.5
| L80945 = ST/19.7/NS/19.3/AF/17.4/ZU/15.8/XH/10.9
| L80946 = ZU/41.8/AF/21.5/NS/12.7/SS/8.9/EN/6.3
| L80947 = ZU/51.6/ND/14.4/NS/13.9/SS/6.9/XH/4.3
| L80948 = AF/48.8/ZU/23.1/EN/11.7/NS/5.2/SS/3.0
| L80949 = TS/32.5/ZU/31.3/ST/16.9/XH/8.4/SS/6.0
| L80950 = AF/70.7/ZU/19.6/ND/3.3/NS/3.3/EN/1.6
| L80951 = AF/23.5/NS/19.4/ZU/16.8/ND/9.7/XH/6.5
| L80952 = ND/85.7/AF/14.3//////
| L81001 = ND/41.0/NS/22.8/ZU/16.6/ST/11.4/TN/3.5
| L81002 = AF/78.4/ZU/7.8/EN/7.4/SS/2.0/ND/1.7
| L81003 = AF/58.8/ST/17.6/NS/9.8/ND/5.9/ZU/3.9
| L81004 = ZU/58.0/ND/16.7/SS/10.8/ST/8.4/NS/2.1
| L81005 = ZU/47.4/NS/19.3/ND/17.9/SS/6.9/ST/4.7
| L81006 = AF/45.7/ZU/14.6/NS/10.4/ND/9.7/EN/9.3
| L81007 = ND/27.3/ZU/25.8/AF/9.8/SS/9.7/NS/9.0
| L81101 = AF/57.0/ZU/13.5/SS/7.6/ND/5.3/ST/5.1
| L81102 = EN/35.5/NS/18.8/AF/16.7/ST/10.5/ZU/6.0
| L81103 = SS/90.1/ZU/5.4/ST/1.5////
| L81104 = SS/72.5/ZU/12.5/ND/7.5/ST/3.0/NS/2.0
| L81105 = ND/39.0/SS/22.1/ZU/11.7/ST/7.2/NS/7.2
| L81106 = AF/39.3/SS/33.7/ZU/9.2/ND/7.7/EN/3.5
| L81107 = NS/30.0/ND/20.3/ZU/19.5/SS/19.1/ST/9.1
| L81108 = ZU/40.2/SS/21.0/ND/20.2/NS/8.0/ST/6.7
| L81109 = SS/42.2/AF/40.5/EN/4.9/ND/2.7/ST/2.2
| L81201 = ZU/25.4/ND/24.7/ST/12.1/NS/10.8/TS/8.2
| L81202 = ND/46.6/NS/24.3/ZU/10.7/ST/4.8/TS/4.2
| L81203 = ST/27.3/ND/24.2/TS/24.2/NS/21.2/TN/3.0
| L81204 = ND/65.4/ZU/15.5/NS/5.5/SS/4.8/ST/4.1
| L81205 = NS/57.7/TN/15.5/ZU/10.7/ST/5.3/SS/3.4
| L81206 = ND/74.9/ZU/6.9/ST/6.4/XH/3.4/NS/3.4
| L81207 = ND/52.5/NS/19.9/ST/6.6/TS/5.0/ZU/4.4
| L81208 = ND/51.8/ZU/18.2/NS/12.4/ST/5.7/SS/5.6
| L81209 = NS/86.7/ND/6.7/VE/6.7////
| L81210 = ND/55.7/ZU/20.8/NS/8.2/ST/5.4/SS/4.4
| L81211 = ND/61.3/ZU/16.5/NS/5.5/ST/5.1/SS/4.6
| L81212 = ND/64.3/ZU/12.0/NS/9.7/ST/4.5/SS/3.1
| L81213 = ND/60.6/ZU/15.3/NS/10.4/ST/7.1/XH/2.7
| L81214 = ND/59.1/ZU/18.6/NS/7.3/SS/5.9/TS/3.7
| L81215 = ND/44.1/NS/23.9/ZU/13.6/ST/5.8/TN/5.4
| L81301 = NS/31.4/ND/11.9/ZU/11.4/TN/6.5/TS/4.9
| L81302 = NS/59.3/ND/16.7/TS/5.4/ST/4.1/ZU/2.0
| L81303 = NS/47.6/ND/14.3/TS/13.7/ST/7.8/ZU/6.4
| L81304 = ND/63.5/NS/22.9/ZU/3.7/ST/3.6/TS/2.2
| L81305 = TN/38.4/NS/35.4/ND/11.7/TS/9.2/ST/2.3
| L81306 = /////////
| L81307 = ND/72.6/NS/8.2/ZU/8.0/ST/3.9/SS/3.2
| L81308 = ND/30.4/NS/26.1/ST/23.2/AF/7.2/EN/4.3
| L81309 = NS/55.1/ND/14.8/TN/8.1/TS/7.3/ST/5.9
| L81401 = AF/34.7/NS/22.7/ST/14.4/EN/10.0/SS/6.6
| L81402 = AF/69.0/NS/12.6/EN/7.6/SS/4.4/ZU/2.5
| L81403 = NS/34.4/SS/33.9/ZU/15.1/ST/4.5/AF/4.2
| L81404 = NS/97.0////////
| L81405 = AF/34.3/NS/17.2/SS/17.2/EN/9.7/ST/9.2
| L81406 = SS/49.2/ST/21.0/TS/11.0/NS/10.9/ZU/4.8
| L81407 = NS/37.9/SS/25.1/TS/11.8/AF/6.1/ZU/5.9
| L81501 = SS/71.7/ZU/15.8/NS/3.4/TS/3.4/ST/2.3
| L81502 = SS/94.9/ST/1.4//////
| L81503 = AF/39.4/TS/17.9/EN/17.1/SS/9.8/NS/7.5
| L81504 = SS/84.2/ZU/4.8/ST/3.2/TS/2.0/NS/2.0
| L81505 = SS/91.6/ZU/2.8/TS/1.8/ST/1.3//
| L81506 = SS/71.7/ZU/8.9/NS/4.3/EN/3.0/TS/3.0
| L81507 = SS/95.6/TS/1.5//////
| L81508 = SS/90.3/ST/4.4/TS/1.3/NS/1.2/ZU/1.0
| L81509 = SS/57.9/TS/28.6/ST/3.5/AF/3.4/EN/2.9
| L81510 = SS/94.9/TS/2.1/ZU/1.2////
| L81511 = SS/51.1/TS/22.4/AF/10.6/EN/5.0/ST/4.5
| L81512 = SS/92.6/TS/2.1/ZU/1.7/ST/1.5//
| L81513 = SS/96.9////////
| L81514 = SS/87.0/TS/8.6//////
| L81515 = SS/93.0/TS/2.7/ZU/1.3////
| L81516 = SS/92.9/ST/4.2/TS/1.2////
| L81517 = AF/47.5/EN/30.1/SS/11.3/ZU/2.4/TS/2.3
| L81518 = SS/73.0/TS/9.0/ZU/5.7/EN/4.9/AF/2.5
| L81519 = AF/64.3/EN/11.6/SS/10.7/TS/5.5/ZU/4.0
| L81520 = SS/93.0/TS/2.4/ST/1.6/NS/1.1//
| L81521 = SS/98.7////////
| L81522 = AF/26.0/SS/16.0/TS/16.0/EN/14.0/NS/10.0
| L81523 = EN/78.9/AF/21.1//////
| L81524 = AF/48.8/EN/28.4/SS/11.4/TS/3.7/ZU/2.4
| L81525 = SS/87.3/AF/5.1/XH/2.5/NS/2.5/ST/2.5
| L81601 = AF/32.4/SS/26.3/EN/18.2/ZU/9.3/TS/4.1
| L81602 = SS/95.7/TS/2.5//////
| L81603 = SS/94.2/TS/1.7//////
| L81604 = AF/51.8/EN/19.6/SS/18.1/TN/6.0/TS/4.5
| L81605 = SS/56.8/AF/31.8/EN/4.7/TS/4.7/XH/2.0
| L81606 = SS/77.5/TS/8.0/AF/5.4/ST/2.0/EN/2.0
| L81607 = SS/88.3/TS/4.3/ST/1.6/TN/1.3/VE/1.3
| L81701 = SS/61.1/TS/30.6/ST/2.8/TN/2.8//
| L81702 = SS/96.2/TS/2.5//////
| L81703 = AF/63.1/SS/15.5/EN/14.6/TS/3.9/ZU/1.9
| L81704 = SS/73.8/TS/24.0/ZU/1.4////
| L81705 = TS/56.3/SS/40.1//////
| L81706 = SS/88.8/TS/3.3/ZU/3.2/NS/1.2/ST/1.0
| L81707 = AF/58.4/SS/15.2/EN/12.9/TS/6.4/ZU/3.3
| L81708 = SS/78.4/TS/19.0/ZU/1.1////
| L81709 = AF/50.2/SS/26.4/EN/12.2/TS/7.5/ZU/1.2
| L81710 = AF/43.5/EN/20.0/SS/19.8/TS/10.9/ZU/1.9
| L81711 = SS/95.8/TS/2.0//////
| L81712 = SS/91.4/TS/6.7//////
| L81713 = SS/97.1/TS/1.4//////
| L81714 = SS/96.7/TS/1.0//////
| L81715 = SS/49.0/TS/43.8/AF/2.8////
| L81716 = SS/87.7/TS/9.8//////
| L81717 = SS/65.9/TS/13.1/AF/4.4/ZU/4.4/NS/4.4
| L81718 = SS/91.9/ZU/3.4/TS/2.4////
| L88201 = ZU/34.0/ND/27.2/NS/17.9/ST/5.6/SS/4.6
| L88202 = ND/33.3/TS/33.3/XH/16.7/NS/16.7//
| L88301 = NS/58.2/TS/22.1/ND/4.5/AF/4.1/ZU/3.6
| L88302 = AF/61.6/NS/23.2/ND/4.6/EN/4.3/TS/1.6
| L88303 = NS/71.8/ND/10.5/TS/9.2/ST/3.7/TN/1.8
| L88304 = NS/100////////
| L88401 = NS/56.4/ND/15.2/TS/10.5/AF/3.7/ST/3.5
| L88402 = AF/63.4/NS/19.5/EN/5.9/TS/2.9/ZU/1.7
| L88403 = ND/44.2/NS/40.1/ST/7.4/ZU/4.5/SS/2.8
| L88404 = NS/86.7/ZU/3.9/ND/3.5/SS/2.0/TS/2.0
| L88405 = NS/43.9/TN/19.9/ZU/16.0/ND/7.8/ST/4.2
| L88501 = NS/71.1/SS/23.5/TS/1.9/AF/1.2//
| L88502 = NS/50.1/AF/26.3/EN/12.6/SS/4.6/ZU/1.9
| L88503 = SS/59.4/NS/35.5/TS/4.4////
| L88504 = NS/70.5/AF/8.8/TS/6.5/SS/6.0/ZU/3.3
| L88505 = AF/41.4/NS/31.0/SS/13.8/EN/10.3/TS/3.4
| L88506 = NS/30.0/AF/20.0/SS/20.0/TS/20.0/EN/10.0
| L88507 = NS/85.1/SS/9.4/TS/3.7/ZU/1.1//
| L88508 = AF/30.7/NS/22.7/TS/13.3/XH/10.7/ST/9.3
| L88509 = NS/45.0/AF/38.6/EN/4.5/SS/4.5/ZU/3.0
| L88510 = NS/81.1/TS/6.8/SS/5.6/ZU/3.3/AF/1.4
| L88511 = NS/44.7/AF/40.9/EN/6.5/SS/2.7/ST/2.2
| L88512 = NS/73.8/AF/13.7/SS/5.0/EN/2.8/ZU/1.7
| L88601 = NS/54.6/TS/19.0/SS/8.6/AF/7.0/ST/4.2
| L89101 = /////////
| L89201 = /////////
| L89301 = /////////
| L89302 = NS/33.3/SS/33.3/ZU/25.0/TS/8.3//
| L89303 = SS/100////////
| L89304 = NS/43.3/SS/24.9/TS/19.8/ST/5.9/ZU/4.4
| L89305 = SS/75.0/TS/12.5/AF/6.2/EN/6.2//
| L89601 = TS/68.3/SS/12.3/ST/5.8/AF/3.4/NS/2.4
| L89602 = TS/58.8/EN/27.0/AF/3.1/SS/2.3/VE/1.9
| L89603 = AF/45.3/TS/25.0/EN/12.5/ST/6.2/ZU/4.7
| L89604 = TS/64.7/EN/23.5/NS/5.9/ST/5.9//
| L90101 = TS/91.8/NS/6.2/ST/1.4////
| L90102 = TS/92.0/NS/6.6//////
| L90103 = TS/98.4/VE/1.2//////
| L90104 = TS/89.3/NS/6.6/ST/3.8////
| L90105 = TS/89.4/NS/9.6//////
| L90106 = TS/95.7/NS/2.8/ST/1.2////
| L90107 = TS/56.5/NS/38.5/ST/2.4/VE/2.0//
| L90108 = TS/99.2////////
| L90109 = TS/91.4/NS/5.1/ST/2.9////
| L90110 = TS/99.2////////
| L90111 = TS/93.2/NS/2.4/VE/1.1/AF/1.1//
| L90112 = TS/86.3/NS/13.7//////
| L90201 = AF/56.4/NS/20.0/EN/13.9/TS/3.3/ST/2.9
| L90202 = TS/45.4/NS/43.4/AF/5.8/VE/2.3/EN/1.4
| L90203 = NS/92.7/TS/5.8//////
| L90204 = NS/89.7/TS/8.7//////
| L90205 = NS/89.9/TS/7.7/VE/1.5////
| L90206 = NS/91.1/TS/8.0//////
| L90207 = TS/99.3////////
| L90301 = NS/94.6/TS/4.1//////
| L90302 = NS/90.7/TS/7.0//////
| L90303 = TS/57.4/NS/38.6/ST/2.6////
| L90304 = NS/97.3/TS/1.9//////
| L90305 = NS/45.2/AF/23.3/TS/22.4/EN/4.3/ST/3.4
| L90306 = NS/52.8/TS/32.8/AF/5.4/ST/4.3/EN/2.5
| L90307 = EN/52.6/NS/17.5/AF/16.2/ST/6.9/TS/3.7
| L90308 = AF/69.0/TS/12.6/EN/9.7/NS/4.8/ZU/1.9
| L90309 = NS/83.4/TS/15.8//////
| L90310 = TS/90.6/NS/7.2/ST/1.9////
| L90311 = TS/80.1/NS/18.8//////
| L90312 = AF/50.4/NS/18.9/EN/16.3/TS/9.8/ST/1.8
| L90401 = NS/69.0/TS/22.9/ST/2.4/SS/1.6/ZU/1.4
| L90402 = TS/66.7/NS/23.4/AF/4.3/ST/3.1/EN/1.1
| L90403 = NS/88.2/TS/10.0//////
| L90404 = TS/33.3/AF/26.7/NS/26.7/ST/6.7/VE/6.7
| L90405 = NS/97.1/TS/2.9//////
| L90406 = TS/42.1/AF/29.9/NS/19.6/EN/6.5//
| L90407 = TS/64.9/NS/34.4//////
| L90408 = TS/70.0/EN/20.0/NS/10.0////
| L90409 = TS/89.1/NS/5.1/ST/2.5////
| L90410 = TS/45.7/AF/27.9/NS/21.5/EN/3.6//
| L90411 = AF/59.9/EN/16.3/TS/8.1/NS/6.0/ST/2.5
| L90412 = NS/81.4/TS/18.3//////
| L90501 = VE/48.6/NS/16.9/AF/14.1/ST/6.7/TS/5.5
| L90502 = VE/54.0/NS/13.5/ND/6.6/ST/5.4/TS/3.3
| L90503 = VE/91.8/NS/2.8/TS/1.6/ST/1.3//
| L90504 = VE/48.5/NS/31.4/TS/12.2/ST/4.1//
| L90601 = VE/95.2/TS/3.3//////
| L90602 = VE/94.2/NS/3.8/ST/1.3////
| L90603 = VE/95.3/TS/2.9//////
| L90604 = VE/100////////
| L90605 = VE/99.1////////
| L90606 = VE/98.7////////
| L90607 = AF/69.5/VE/17.6/EN/8.2/TN/1.8/NS/1.2
| L90608 = VE/97.5/NS/1.2//////
| L90701 = VE/99.2////////
| L90702 = TS/99.4////////
| L90703 = VE/98.6////////
| L90704 = TS/99.2////////
| L90705 = TS/99.0////////
| L90706 = TS/98.5////////
| L90707 = TS/99.3////////
| L90708 = TS/99.2////////
| L90709 = VE/97.8/TS/1.6//////
| L90710 = TS/99.5////////
| L90711 = TS/99.1////////
| L90712 = TS/99.1////////
| L90713 = TS/99.8////////
| L90714 = VE/85.1/TS/14.2//////
| L90715 = TS/99.5////////
| L90716 = TS/99.1////////
| L90717 = TS/99.6////////
| L90718 = TS/98.8////////
| L90719 = VE/86.8/TS/3.1/EN/2.7/NS/2.2//
| L90720 = TS/63.1/VE/36.9//////
| L90721 = VE/97.7/TS/1.2//////
| L90722 = VE/98.3////////
| L90801 = TS/94.4/VE/4.6//////
| L90802 = VE/87.4/TS/11.9//////
| L90803 = VE/98.3////////
| L90804 = VE/99.6////////
| L90805 = VE/83.2/TS/13.6/NS/1.2////
| L90806 = TS/97.9/VE/1.2//////
| L90807 = VE/84.8/NS/8.7/ST/3.7/TS/2.0//
| L90808 = AF/47.1/VE/23.4/EN/16.8/TS/4.8/NS/2.6
| L90809 = VE/89.6/NS/7.1/TS/2.6////
| L90810 = VE/97.8/TS/1.2//////
| L90811 = VE/98.9////////
| L90812 = VE/98.9////////
| L90813 = TS/36.3/VE/27.6/AF/15.6/NS/10.3/ST/3.8
| L90814 = VE/90.2/NS/4.7/ST/4.2////
| L90815 = VE/77.1/NS/19.7/TS/2.6////
| L90816 = VE/57.7/TS/39.4/NS/2.2////
| L90817 = VE/76.6/TS/22.8//////
| L90818 = VE/80.4/TS/17.5//////
| L90819 = TS/89.7/VE/9.5//////
| L90820 = VE/97.1/ST/1.5//////
| L90821 = NS/61.4/VE/30.7/TS/6.5////
| L90822 = TS/78.8/VE/19.0//////
| L90823 = VE/99.0////////
| L90824 = VE/66.9/NS/22.9/TS/9.5////
| L90825 = VE/91.2/NS/7.4//////
| L90826 = VE/96.0/TS/2.2/NS/1.0////
| L90827 = VE/90.8/TS/5.3/NS/2.2/ST/1.0//
| L90828 = VE/97.6////////
| L90829 = VE/98.0/ST/1.0//////
| L90830 = TS/99.9////////
| L90831 = TS/98.9////////
| L90832 = VE/87.2/NS/5.4/ST/2.5/TS/2.1/AF/1.9
| L90833 = TS/89.7/VE/9.4//////
| L90834 = TS/97.1/NS/2.0//////
| L90835 = VE/56.2/NS/15.9/TS/10.9/ST/7.3/AF/5.1
| L90836 = VE/92.8/TS/6.5//////
| L90837 = VE/95.6/NS/1.1//////
| L90838 = VE/96.1/TS/1.7/NS/1.6////
| L90901 = NS/57.9/VE/17.9/AF/10.1/ST/3.9/TS/3.9
| L90902 = NS/98.8////////
| L90903 = NS/97.4/VE/1.3//////
| L90904 = NS/79.0/AF/8.3/VE/4.8/TS/2.0/ST/1.7
| L90905 = NS/97.0/VE/1.6//////
| L90906 = NS/95.9/VE/2.6//////
| L90907 = NS/98.9////////
| L90908 = NS/92.5/TS/5.2//////
| L90909 = NS/94.6/VE/3.0/TS/1.2////
| L90910 = NS/96.6/ST/2.9//////
| L90911 = NS/99.7////////
| L90912 = NS/96.9////////
| L91001 = NS/92.0/TS/1.9/ND/1.4/SS/1.2/ST/1.0
| L91002 = NS/60.8/ND/29.1/TS/5.8/ST/2.5//
| L91003 = NS/97.0/TS/2.0//////
| L91004 = NS/98.6////////
| L91005 = NS/82.5/ND/8.7/TS/5.8/ST/2.2//
| L91101 = NS/76.7/VE/10.8/TS/10.6////
| L91102 = NS/99.1////////
| L91103 = NS/82.5/AF/12.7/TS/1.4/VE/1.3//
| L91104 = NS/97.0/TS/1.1//////
| L91105 = NS/97.4////////
| L91106 = NS/56.4/TS/18.2/AF/12.4/VE/8.8/EN/1.4
| L91107 = NS/99.5////////
| L91108 = NS/95.0/TS/1.8/VE/1.4////
| L91109 = NS/82.7/VE/9.9/TS/6.3////
| L91110 = NS/44.2/AF/36.4/EN/8.3/VE/8.3/TS/2.8
| L91201 = NS/96.9////////
| L91202 = NS/95.0/TS/3.1//////
| L91203 = NS/82.6/TS/14.1/ND/1.4////
| L91204 = NS/76.5/ND/8.5/TS/7.1/VE/1.6//
| L91205 = NS/95.8/TS/3.2//////
| L91206 = NS/98.0/TS/1.3//////
| L91207 = NS/97.6////////
| L91208 = NS/91.2/TS/2.7/VE/1.4/TN/1.1//
| L91209 = /////////
| L91210 = NS/92.7/TS/5.9//////
| L91211 = NS/97.7////////
| L91212 = NS/95.2/TS/2.3//////
| L91213 = NS/96.5/TS/2.9//////
| L91214 = NS/95.2/TS/2.2/ST/1.0////
| L91215 = AF/38.6/NS/35.2/EN/12.6/TS/4.4/VE/3.8
| L91216 = NS/48.0/AF/29.5/TS/7.0/VE/4.6/EN/4.1
| L91217 = NS/90.1/TS/3.5/VE/2.0/ST/1.2//
| L91218 = NS/92.2/TN/1.9/ZU/1.2/TS/1.1//
| L91219 = NS/95.5/TS/2.1//////
| L91220 = NS/57.7/TS/21.1/VE/4.9/SS/4.4/TN/3.4
| L91222 = NS/78.7/ND/15.8/ST/2.1/TS/1.7//
| L91223 = NS/94.0/ND/3.3/TS/2.2////
| L91301 = NS/98.2////////
| L91302 = NS/93.5/ND/5.9//////
| L91303 = NS/97.9////////
| L91304 = NS/94.0/TS/1.5//////
| L91305 = NS/83.0/AF/9.8/VE/2.1/TS/1.7/ND/1.6
| L91306 = NS/99.2////////
| L91307 = NS/99.3////////
| L91308 = NS/69.9/ND/13.9/ST/7.8/TS/4.8/TN/1.1
| L91309 = ND/65.9/NS/27.4/TS/5.6////
| L91310 = NS/94.7/TS/3.1//////
| L91311 = NS/72.3/ND/13.7/TS/10.8/ST/1.5//
| L91312 = NS/81.6/AF/8.4/TS/6.7/ND/1.7/XH/1.7
| L91401 = TN/38.2/XH/29.3/TS/12.9/ST/7.8/NS/5.3
| L91402 = TN/57.2/NS/27.7/VE/5.1/XH/4.8/TS/4.1
| L91403 = AF/63.2/TN/13.0/EN/7.9/NS/3.9/XH/3.6
| L91404 = NS/48.1/TN/28.6/VE/7.4/TS/7.4/XH/3.2
| L91405 = TN/53.1/AF/15.3/XH/8.4/TS/8.1/ST/5.7
| L91406 = TN/84.2/NS/7.1/XH/2.4/TS/2.3//
| L91407 = AF/58.0/TN/27.6/EN/4.8/NS/4.8/ST/2.4
| L91408 = TN/43.1/AF/29.4/TS/11.8/EN/5.9/ST/5.9
| L91409 = XH/49.4/TN/16.8/TS/12.3/ST/9.9/NS/5.5
| L91410 = AF/48.6/TN/20.9/XH/11.1/EN/7.8/ST/3.8
| L91411 = AF/70.9/TN/20.4/EN/5.8/ZU/2.9//
| L91412 = TN/62.4/AF/17.7/NS/7.7/TS/3.5/XH/2.2
| L91413 = AF/51.9/TN/33.9/NS/4.8/EN/2.6/XH/2.0
| L91501 = NS/85.8/TN/9.6/ST/2.4/TS/1.2//
| L91502 = AF/42.3/NS/25.7/TN/11.8/ST/5.9/VE/4.6
| L91503 = /////////
| L91504 = NS/41.9/TN/30.7/AF/11.9/TS/8.7/ST/2.1
| L91505 = NS/54.3/TN/35.7/ST/1.9/VE/1.9/TS/1.9
| L91506 = AF/52.7/NS/25.0/TN/10.3/EN/4.0/ST/2.0
| L91507 = NS/69.6/VE/17.4/AF/4.3/ST/4.3/TS/4.3
| L91508 = TN/58.3/NS/37.4/TS/2.0/ST/1.2//
| L91509 = NS/90.2/TN/8.0//////
| L91510 = NS/46.8/TN/42.1/ST/5.1/TS/3.8//
| L91601 = NS/71.0/TS/18.4/ND/4.4/VE/1.8/TN/1.5
| L91602 = NS/50.9/TS/23.1/AF/10.7/ST/4.9/ND/4.8
| L91603 = AF/83.0/NS/8.2/EN/2.6/TS/2.3/ND/1.1
| L91604 = AF/39.6/VE/28.3/NS/11.3/TS/11.3/XH/5.7
| L91701 = NS/61.6/TS/10.6/AF/9.6/TN/7.3/ST/5.6
| L91702 = AF/73.3/NS/11.4/EN/3.6/TN/3.2/TS/2.9
| L91703 = NS/72.2/TS/15.3/TN/6.2/ND/2.1/VE/1.4
| L91704 = NS/86.4/TN/4.6/AF/3.3/TS/2.5/ST/1.2
| L91801 = NS/51.9/TN/21.4/TS/15.4/AF/3.5/ST/2.2
| L91802 = NS/38.7/TN/14.7/ND/11.3/AF/11.3/TS/9.1
| L91803 = AF/67.0/EN/14.7/TN/7.5/NS/6.0/ST/1.4
| L91901 = NS/96.4/TN/2.8//////
| L91902 = NS/83.5/TS/12.5/ND/2.2////
| L91903 = NS/94.8/ND/2.3/TS/1.6////
| L91904 = NS/48.4/TS/27.4/ND/20.4/ST/2.2//
| L91905 = NS/97.1////////
| L91906 = NS/66.9/ND/24.7//////
| L91907 = NS/76.8/ND/9.2/TS/8.0/ST/1.6/TN/1.5
| L91908 = NS/97.8/TS/1.7//////
| L91909 = NS/93.8/TS/5.8//////
| L91910 = NS/70.8/AF/12.0/TS/7.3/ND/3.4/ST/1.7
| L91911 = NS/40.0/TN/20.0/ST/13.3/TS/13.3/XH/6.7
| L91912 = NS/98.8////////
| L91913 = AF/46.8/NS/33.8/EN/7.6/TS/3.5/ND/3.3
| L91914 = NS/62.7/TN/30.3/ST/2.4/ND/2.3//
| L91915 = NS/61.2/ND/16.9/ST/5.5/TS/1.4/VE/1.1
| L91916 = NS/77.0/ND/16.5/TS/3.4////
| L91917 = NS/93.1/ND/6.0//////
| L92001 = NS/91.4/SS/3.1/EN/2.6/ZU/1.4//
| L92002 = NS/99.4////////
| L92003 = NS/99.8////////
| L92004 = NS/99.5////////
| L92005 = NS/98.4/SS/1.0//////
| L92006 = NS/99.0////////
| L92007 = NS/72.0/ND/21.6/ZU/4.4/SS/1.7//
| L92008 = NS/97.5////////
| L92009 = NS/94.2/SS/2.9/ZU/1.1////
| L92010 = NS/98.5////////
| L92011 = NS/96.4/SS/1.8//////
| L92012 = NS/99.2////////
| L92013 = NS/93.9/ZU/2.5/SS/1.5////
| L92101 = NS/53.7/XH/19.0/ST/8.4/TS/8.4/TN/3.8
| L92102 = NS/94.8/AF/1.6/TS/1.2////
| L92103 = NS/98.1/SS/1.4//////
| L92104 = NS/99.7////////
| L92105 = NS/100////////
| L92106 = NS/99.5////////
| L92107 = NS/98.4/SS/1.1//////
| L92108 = NS/99.4////////
| L92109 = NS/98.7////////
| L92110 = NS/99.5////////
| L92201 = NS/95.7/TS/3.4//////
| L92202 = NS/97.9/TS/1.2//////
| L92203 = AF/65.2/NS/12.8/EN/9.5/TS/4.4/ST/2.9
| L92204 = NS/95.2/TS/3.3//////
| L92205 = NS/96.2/TS/3.1//////
| L92206 = TS/42.4/NS/36.4/AF/8.4/ST/6.5/EN/3.6
| L92207 = NS/96.8/TS/2.6//////
| L98301 = NS/77.5/TS/6.9/ND/4.3/ZU/4.1/TN/2.5
| L98302 = NS/93.9/ND/1.5/TS/1.3/SS/1.0//
| L98303 = /////////
| L98304 = NS/93.4/ND/2.3/TS/1.8/ST/1.6//
| L98305 = NS/87.6/ND/6.7/ST/1.7/TS/1.7/SS/1.1
| L98306 = NS/88.9/ZU/2.3/TS/2.2/ND/2.0/ST/1.8
| L98307 = NS/80.6/ND/6.3/TS/5.4/ST/4.1/SS/1.1
| L98401 = NS/92.5/ZU/4.8/ND/1.8////
| L98402 = NS/62.8/ND/34.5/ST/1.2////
| L98403 = NS/93.5/ST/1.9/ND/1.3////
| L98404 = NS/76.6/ST/8.9/ZU/7.1/ND/4.3/SS/2.3
| L98405 = NS/84.6/ZU/4.4/ND/4.2/ST/2.7/TN/1.7
| L98406 = NS/98.7////////
| L98407 = NS/58.3/ND/30.2/ZU/5.3/ST/3.1/SS/2.0
| L98408 = NS/86.7/ND/6.5/ZU/2.6/ST/1.2/SS/1.1
| L98501 = NS/98.3/TS/1.7//////
| L98502 = /////////
| L98503 = NS/100////////
| L98504 = NS/87.8/SS/5.1/TS/3.2/ND/1.9/ST/1.3
| L98505 = /////////
| L98506 = NS/90.9/ST/1.9/SS/1.7/EN/1.4/ZU/1.2
| L98507 = NS/97.9////////
| L98508 = NS/50.9/SS/46.2//////
| L98509 = NS/90.1/SS/3.9/TS/2.8/ZU/1.5//
| L98601 = TS/90.6/NS/5.7/ST/1.5/SS/1.1//
| L98602 = NS/36.8/ZU/26.0/TS/15.5/ST/7.4/SS/6.5
| L98603 = ST/37.2/NS/30.5/ZU/12.7/TS/9.0/SS/7.9
| L98604 = TS/60.2/SS/30.1/ST/3.5/ZU/3.5/NS/1.6
| L98605 = TS/89.0/SS/8.7//////
| L98606 = TS/98.4////////
| L98607 = NS/77.4/TS/12.1/SS/3.5/ST/3.4/ZU/2.8
| L98608 = TS/63.2/EN/21.1/AF/10.5/VE/2.6//
| L98609 = NS/100////////
| L98610 = SS/32.9/TS/24.0/ZU/17.6/NS/13.7/ST/10.3
| L98611 = TS/90.6/NS/5.1/ST/3.2////
| L98612 = NS/78.7/TS/17.1/ST/2.5////
| L98613 = NS/64.9/TS/17.6/ST/14.7/SS/1.5//
| L98614 = EN/45.5/TS/29.9/AF/17.9/XH/2.2/ZU/2.2
| L98615 = NS/75.4/TS/21.1/ST/1.7////
| L98616 = NS/63.5/TS/17.8/ST/7.2/ZU/5.7/SS/4.7
| L99601 = TS/67.5/NS/13.9/EN/9.3/SS/2.8/AF/1.9
| L99602 = TS/75.1/AF/7.9/EN/4.5/VE/4.5/NS/2.4
| L99603 = VE/88.5/XH/3.8/NS/3.8/TS/3.8//
| L99604 = TS/63.2/EN/15.3/AF/7.2/NS/5.4/SS/3.6
| L99605 = TS/81.9/NS/6.0/AF/4.0/ST/4.0/EN/2.0
&lt;!--			ADDITIONAL STATISTICS FOR TOWNS ENCOMPASSING MORE THAN ONE MAIN PLACE			--&gt;
| M40502+40504 = Mangaung/ / FS/ 333.69 /&lt;!-- Bloemfontein 40502 + Mangaung 40504--&gt;
| P40502+40504 = 328773/ 72.6/ 5.0/ 0.2/ 22.2&lt;!-- Bloemfontein + Mangaung --&gt;
| L40502+40504 = ST/36.5/AF/25.0/TN/19.0/XH/14.3/EN/3.1
| M41022+41018+41015 = Matjhabeng/ Lejweleputswa/ FS/ 89.50 /&lt;!-- Welkom + Thabong + Riebeeckstad--&gt;
| P41022+41018+41015 = 191341/ 83.6/ 4.2/ 0.1/ 12.1&lt;!-- Welkom + Thabong + Riebeeckstad--&gt;
| L41022+41018+41015 = ST/58.6/XH/16.4/AF/14.3/EN/2.8/ZU/2.6
| M53810+53811+53812 = uMhlathuze/ Uthungulu/ ZN/ 97.41 /&lt;!-- Richards Bay Part 1 + 2 + 3--&gt;
| P53810+53811+53812 = 44852/ 35.1/ 3.8/ 19.6/ 41.5&lt;!-- Richards Bay Part 1 + 2 + 3--&gt;
| L53810+53811+53812 = EN/39.5/ZU/33.0/AF/25.6////
| M91801+91803 = Bela-Bela/ Waterberg/ LP/ 27.55&lt;!-- Belabela + Warmbaths--&gt;
| P91801+91803 = 44852/ 86.3/ 1.7/ 0.7/ 11.3&lt;!-- Belabela + Warmbaths--&gt;
| L91801+91803 = NS/46.0/TN/19.6/TS/13.5/AF/11.7/EN/2.4
| M21321+21327 = Amahlathi/ Amathole/ EC/ 73.75 /&lt;!-- Stutterheim Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| P21321+21327 = 10014/79.6/8.9//11.5&lt;!-- Stutterheim Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| L21321+21327 = XH/78.0/AF/11.3/EN/10.2&lt;!-- Stutterheim Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| M50620+50635 = Hibiscus Coast/ Ugu/ ZN/ 15.68 /&lt;!-- Port Shepstone Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| P50620+50635 = 9636/50.0/3.6/39.1/7.3
| L50620+50635 = EN/48.5/ZU/40.0/XH/7.0/AF/3.1
| M91601+91603 = Mookgopong/ Waterberg/ LP/ 7.07&lt;!-- Mookgophong + Naboomspruit --&gt;
| P91601+91603 = 11311/72.5/0.2/0.1/27.3&lt;!-- Mookgophong + Naboomspruit --&gt;
| L91601+91603 = NS/50.9/AF/27.1/TS/13.2/ND/3.3/VE/1.3/TN/1.1&lt;!-- Mookgophong + Naboomspruit --&gt;
| M22112+22116 = Lukanji/ Chris Hani/ EC/ 258.10 &lt;!-- Queenstown Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| P22112+22116 = 24902/56.5/22.2/1.3/20.0 &lt;!-- Queenstown Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| L22112+22116 = XH/53.3/AF/32.5/EN/12.7 &lt;!-- Queenstown Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| M10109+10110+10111 = Matzikama/ West Coast/ WC/ 83.95 /&lt;!-- Vredendal Part 1 + 2 + 3 --&gt;
| P10109+10110+10111 = 16164/8.5/70.3/0.1/21.0&lt;!-- Vredendal Part 1 + 2 + 3 --&gt;
| L10109+10110+10111 = AF/92.2/XH/5.3/EN/1.2&lt;!-- Vredendal Part 1 + 2 + 3 --&gt;
| M22204+22225 = Intsika Yethu/ Chris Hani/ EC/ 69.71 /&lt;!-- Cofimvaba Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| P22204+22225 = 8266/99.7/0.2/0.0/0.1&lt;!-- Cofimvaba Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| L22204+22225 = XH/98.4&lt;!-- Cofimvaba Part 1 + 2 --&gt;
| M77605+67609+67610+67603 = City of Tshwane/ / GP/ 48.31 /&lt;!--Ga-Rankuwa Part 1 + 2 + 3 + 4--&gt; 
| P77605+67609+67610+67603 = 83917/99.6/0.3/0.1/&lt;!--Ga-Rankuwa Part 1 + 2 + 3 + 4--&gt; 
| L77605+67609+67610+67603 = TN/74.1/NS/8.7/TS/4.7/ZU/3.5/&lt;!--Ga-Rankuwa Part 1 + 2 + 3 + 4--&gt; 
| M32101+32102+32105 = Sol Plaatje/ Frances Baard/ NC/ 104.72/ /&lt;!--Kimberley + Galeshewe + Roodepan --&gt;
| P32101+32102+32105 = 185207/ 55.3/ 30.4/ 0.9/ 13.4/&lt;!--Kimberley + Galeshewe + Roodepan --&gt;
| L32101+32102+32105 = AF/46.9/TN/35.2/EN/8.0/XH/5.9/ST/2.3
|#default= &lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Invalid Data-key&lt;tt&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[[Category:Template:Data population/Error]]
}} }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pitori</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>38133</id>
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      <timestamp>2024-05-20T13:55:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mintshaho */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4240" sha1="dwcn7gzg7ygi9yqiipt5c9jsaxd8ku5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Doroba ra Afrika-Dzonga
|name                   = Pitori
|native_name            =
|nickname               =
|image_skyline          = Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg
|image_caption          = 
|motto                  =
|pushpin_map            = Gauteng
|pushpin_map_caption    = Ndzhawu ya doroba e xifundzeni xa Gauteng
|xifundza               = [[Gauteng]]
|muganga               = [[Doroba ra Tshwane]]
|masipala              = [[Doroba ra Tshwane]]
|area_total_km2         = 687.54
|elevation_m            = 1,339
|population_as_of       = 2018
|population_total       = 2,472,612
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799035 |title = Main Place Pretoria |work=Census 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|latd=25  |latm=44  |lats=46  |latNS=S
|longd=28 |longm=11 |longs=17 |longEW=E
|language_source        = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
|language_year          = 2011
|language_name1         = xiBunu 
|language_value1        = 47.7%
|language_name2         = xiNghezi
|language_value2        = 16.4%
|language_name3         = xiPedi
|language_value3        = 8.0%
|language_name4         = xiTswana
|language_value4        = 5.4%
|language_name5         = Tin'wana
|language_value5        = 22.5%
|postal_code            = 0001
|area_code              = 012
|censuscode             =
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Pitori''', i rin'wana ra madorobakulu manharhu ya Afrika-Dzonga,&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pretoria|title=Pretoria {{!}} national administrative capital, South Africa |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=18 July 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; leri tirhaka tanihi ntsindza wa rhavi leri rhangelaka ra hulumendhe, naswona tanihi muamukeri wa vayimeri hinkwavo va matiko mambe eAfrika-Dzonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; (Doroba ra Kapa i ntsindza wa ku veka nawu nakambe Bloemfontein yiva ntsindza wa ku avanyisa.)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=South Africa at a glance |url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance |website=South African Government |access-date=18 June 2020 |quote=Bloemfontein (judicial)  The Constitutional Court is located in Johannesburg.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pitori ri tsemakanya nambu wa Apies naswona riololokela evuxeni bya xintshabyana xa Magaliesberg. Yi na ndhuma tanihi doroba ra dyondzo ni ntsindza wa vulavisisi, laha yi rhurheleka eYunivhesiti ya Tshwane ya Thekinoloji (TUT), Yunivhesiti ya Pitori (UP), Sefako Magatho Health Science University (SMU), Yunivhesiti ya Afrika-Dzonga (UNISA), Huvo ya Sayense ni Vulavisisi bya tinkomponi (CSIR), ni Vandla ra Sayense ra Vanhu. Yi tlhela yi rhurhela Nsimeko wa vulavisisi bya tiko na Ndzawulo wa Mimpimanyeto wa Afrika-Dzonga. Hi 2010 a ku ri rin'wana ra madoroba lawa rhurheleka xidlodlo xa misava xa bolo ya milenge xa FIFA hi lembe ra 2010. Pitori i doroba ra vu nhungu hi ku fuma e tikweni-kulu ra Afrika, kasi i ra vumune hi ku fuma eAfrika-Dzonga.

Pitori i xiphemu xa le xikarhi xa masipalakulu wa doroba ra Tshwane leri vumbiweke hi ku hlanganisiwa ka khale ka valawuri vo hlayanyana va kwalaho, ku katsa na Centurion na Soshanguve. Van'wana va ringanyete leswaku ku cinciwa vito ra ximfumo ku suka Pitori ku ya eTshwane, leswi vangeke njikanjikisano wale rivaleni.

Pitori yi tshuriwe vito ku suka eka Andries Pretorius, loyi a a ri un'wana wa va rhangeri va mabunu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Raper|first=Peter E.|title=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names|url=https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames#page/n373/mode/2up|publisher=Internet Archive|access-date=28 August 2013|page=373|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt; kasi van'wana vaaki va Afrika-Dzonga mikarhi yin'wana va ri vitana &quot;Doroba ra minsinya ya Jacaranda,&quot; hikwalaho ka magidi ya mirhi leyi byariweke eswitarateni swa yona ni le mintanga ya swona.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/provinces.htm#gauteng |title=South Africa's provinces: Gauteng |access-date=14 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084057/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/provinces.htm#gauteng |archive-date=22 June 2011  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Gauteng_Province}}

[[Category:Madoroba ya Afrika Dzonga]]
[[Category:Mintsindza ya matiko]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nthlavelo wa COVID-19</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>5650</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Deepanshunegi123|Deepanshunegi123]] ([[User talk:Deepanshunegi123|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="4286" sha1="2q3gv4t48m4rmhssbpljdfrvlxvjcon" xml:space="preserve">[[File:COVID-19_vaccine_map.svg|thumb|400x400px|Mepe wa matiko hi ku pfumeleriwa ka nthlavelo.
{{legend|Green|Wu pfumeleriwile, Nthlavelo wa vanhu wu sungurile}}
{{legend|SpringGreen|[[:w:Emergency Use Authorization|{{abbr|EUA|Mpfumelelo wa matirhisele ya xihantla}}]] Nthlavelo wa vanhu wu sungurile}}
{{legend|DarkOrange|{{abbr|EUA|Mpfumelelo wa matirhisele ya xihantla}} Nthlavelo wa swiyenge swokarhi swa vanhu}}
{{legend|Blue|Wu pfumeleriwile, malulamiselo ya Nthlavelo wa vanhu ma sungurile}}
{{legend|DodgerBlue|{{abbr|EUA|Mpfumelelo wa matirhisele ya xihantla}} malulamiselo ya Nthlavelo wa vanhu ma sungurile}}
{{legend|Gold|{{abbr|EUA|malulamiselo ya Nthlavelo wa vanhu ma sungurile}} A wuse sungula}}]]

'''Nthlavelo wa COVID-19''' i murhi wo dlaya xitsongwatsongwana lowu endleriweke ku tshungula CVID-19. Emahlweni ka ntungu wa COVID-19, ntirho wo endla murhi wo tshungula mavabyi lama vuriwaka SARS na MERS wu kondletele vutivi hi ta muxaka na matirhele ya xitsongwatsongwana lexi, naswona swi hatlisise maswekelo ya nthlavelo wa COVID-19.

Hi N'wendzamhal wa 2020, kwalomu ka 57 milambyana yo tshungula vuvabyi lebyi, ayiri karhi yi swekiwa naswona yi lavisisiwa, naswona 40 wa vanhu vanghenele vuringeti bya milambyana leyi eka xiyenge xo sungula xa swikambelo swa vutshunguri, ku engetela kwalano 17 wa vanhu va ngheneleke swikambelo swa vutshunguri swa xinyenge xa vumbirhi na xa vunharhu.  Eka xiyenge xa vunharhu,  mirhi yo hlayanyana ya vutshunguri ya COVID-19 yi kombise ku kuhumelela ka kwalomu ka 95% ka ku sivela vuvabyi bya CVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Santiago|first=Jahleah|date=19 December 2020|title=A side-by-side comparison of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines|url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/12/19/a-side-by-side-comparison-of-the-pfizer-biontech-and-moderna-vaccines/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=24 December 2020|website=STAT }}&lt;/ref&gt; Valawuri va swa vutshunguri va pfumelele mirhi ya tsevu yo tshungula vanhu: Milambyana yimbirhi ya vutshunguri ya RNA (Kunga tozinameran leyi swekiweka hi vaka Pfizer-BioNTech na mRNA-1273 leyi swekiweka hi vaka Moderna), timbirhi leti tolovelekeke eka mirhi yo tshungula (BBIBP-CorV leyi swekiweka hi vaka Sinopharm na CoronaVac leyi swekiweka hi vaka Sinovac), ku hlanganisa na mirhi yo tshungula (Gam-COVID-Vac leyi swekiweka hi va Huvo ya vulavisisi ya Gamaleya na AZD1222 leyi swekiweka hi Yunivhesithi ya Oxford yitirhisana na AstraZeneca). 

Pfizer, Moderna, na AtraZeneca yi vhumbe vuswikoti byo endla 5,3 wa magidi ya timiliyoni ta mimpimo hi 2021, leyi nga tirhisiwaka ku hlanganisa kwalomu ka magidi manharhu ya timiliyoni ta vanhu (tanihi leswi mirhi yo tshungula yi lavaka ku thlaveriwa leswaku yo kota ku sirhelela eka vuvabyi bya COVID-19). Hi N'wendzamhala, mirhi yo tshungula leyi tlulaka 10 wa magidi ya timiliyoni se a yi koxiwile no xaviwa hi matiko,&lt;ref name=&quot;mullard&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first1=Asher | last1=Mullard |date=30 November 2020|title=How COVID vaccines are being divvied up around the world Canada leads the pack in terms of doses secured per capita|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03370-6|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-03370-6|access-date=11 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona kwalomu ka hafu ya mirhi leyi xaviweke hi matiko lama fuweke lama vaaki va wona va endlaka kwalomu ka 14 wa tiphesente ntsena ta vanhu hinkwavo emisaveni hinkwayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;So&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=So|first1=Anthony D|last2=Woo|first2=Joshua|date=December 2020|title=Reserving coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines for global access: cross sectional analysis|journal=BMJ|page=m4750|doi=10.1136/bmj.m4750|issn=1756-1833}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matiko yo tala ma tlhele ma hlela tindlela to thlavela vanhu lava nga ekhombyeni lerikulu ro hlaseriwa hi mavabyi lawa, kufana ni vadyuhari ni lava nga ekhombyeni lerikulu ro khomiwa hi vuvabyi lebyi ni ku byi hundzerisela eka van'wana tanihi vatirhi va ta rihanyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Beaumont|first=Peter|date=18 November 2020|title=Covid-19 vaccine: who are countries prioritising for first doses?|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/18/covid-19-vaccine-who-are-countries-prioritising-for-first-doses|access-date=26 December 2020|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist}}

{{Mavabyi}}
[[Category:Mavabyi]]</text>
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      <text bytes="89545" sha1="s0xlbhu2frgymx1u4ijljr4mu4g57a5" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;margin:auto;border-spacing:3px;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #ccc7b7;background:#fffaea;margin-bottom:3px;&quot;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eee9d9;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc7b7;&quot;| '''Village Pump archive: 2017 - 2018''' &amp;#160;
|-
|style=&quot;padding:0.5em;&quot;| This page contains discussions that have been archived from [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]. Please do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to revive any of these discussions, either [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACEE}}:{{BASEPAGENAMEE}}|action=edit&amp;section=new}} start] a new thread or use the talk page associated with that topic.
|}__NOEDITSECTION__&lt;noinclude&gt;

== Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. 

This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard.

The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far:

* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016)
** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016)
** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017)
** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017)
** Introduction of williamsworks 
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017)
** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017)
** Tracks A &amp; B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 20:31, 15 Nyenyenyani 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16297862 --&gt;

== Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017)
** Development of documentation for Tracks A &amp; B
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017)
** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017)
** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 19:44, 9 Nyenyankulu 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16350625 --&gt;

== We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
: ''This message, &quot;[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]&quot;, was sent through multiple channels by  [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' 

Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians:

Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation.

There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: 

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). 

Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]].

This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years?

We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement.

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]]

Sincerely,

Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), &amp; the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 05:09, 18 Nyenyankulu 2017 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] ==

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''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]].

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].'''

Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members.

The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. 

* April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' 
* April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period'''
* April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions'''
* May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period'''
* May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking'''
* May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal'''

In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles:

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)'''
** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]].

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)'''
** One position is being filled.  More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]].

Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. 

More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 03:36, 7 Dzivamusoko 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May ==

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[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''.
On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:34, 11 Dzivamusoko 2017 (UTC)
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== Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app ==

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[[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android.  While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results.

We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago  to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism.

We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities.
As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks!

-[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] 08:41, 14 Dzivamusoko 2017 (UTC)
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== New Page previews feature ==

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New Page previews feature

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

Hello,

The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017.

A quick note on the implementation:

* For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page.
* For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview.
* For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. 

You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. 

Thank you, [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 19 Dzivamusoko 2017 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) ==

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Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's''
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine

'''Expansions'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:52, 2 Mudyaxihi 2017 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''.

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]&lt;/div&gt; 19:14, 3 Mudyaxihi 2017 (UTC)''
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== Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:41, 8 Mudyaxihi 2017 (UTC)
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== Editing News #1—2017 ==

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''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;   

Did you know that you can review your changes visually? 

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - visual diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|245x245px]]When you are finished editing the page, type your edit summary and then choose &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-savedialog-label-review}}&quot;.  
In visual mode, you will see additions, removals, new links, and formatting highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected.|center|frameless|220x220px]]


Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - wikitext diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display.|center|frameless|245x245px]]


The wikitext diff is the same diff tool that is used in the wikitext editors and in the page history. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[:mediawikiwiki:2017_wikitext_editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]] which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and adding [[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|the new visual diff tool]]. Their workboard is available [[:phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at  [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].   Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[:mw:Beta Features|beta feature]], and improving the visual diff tool.   

=== Recent changes ===
*A '''new wikitext editing mode''' is available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices.  The [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  Go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] to enable the {{Int:Visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}. 
* A new '''[[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' is available in VisualEditor's visual mode.  You can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  More features will be added to this later.  In the future, this tool may be integrated into other MediaWiki components. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143350]
* The team have added [[:mediawikiwiki:Editing/Projects/Columns_for_references|multi-column support for lists of footnotes]]. The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can automatically display long lists of references in columns on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
* You can now use your web browser's function to switch typing direction in the new wikitext mode. This is particularly helpful for RTL language users like Urdu or Hebrew who have to write JavaScript or CSS. You can use Command+Shift+X or Control+Shift+X to trigger this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153356]
* The way to switch between the visual editing mode and the wikitext editing mode is now consistent. There is a drop-down menu that shows the two options. This is now the same in desktop and mobile web editing, and inside things that embed editing, such as Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116417]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-categories-tool}} item has been moved to the top of the {{Int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}} menu (from clicking on the &quot;hamburger&quot; icon) for quicker access. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T74399] There is also now a &quot;Templates used on this page&quot; feature there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T149009]
* You can now create &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;chem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;  tags (sometimes used as &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ce&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) for chemical formulas inside the visual editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153365]
* Tables can be set as collapsed or un-collapsed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T157989]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-specialcharacter-button-tooltip}} menu now includes characters for Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics and angle quotation marks (‹› and ⟨⟩) .  The team thanks the volunteer developer, [[:S:en:User:Tpt|Tpt]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108626]
* A bug caused some section edit conflicts to blank the rest of the page.  This has been fixed.  The team are sorry for the disruption. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T154217]
* There is a new keyboard shortcut for citations:  &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a PC, or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a Mac.  It is based on the keyboard shortcut for making links, which is &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; respectively. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99299]

=== Future changes ===
* The team is working on a syntax highlighting tool.  It will highlight matching pairs of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and other types of wikitext syntax.  You will be able to turn it on and off.  It will first become available in VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode, maybe late in 2017. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
* The kind of button used to {{Int:Showpreview}}, {{Int:showdiff}}, and finish an edit will change in all WMF-supported wikitext editors.  The new buttons will use [[Mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]].  The buttons will be larger, brighter, and easier to read.  The labels will remain the same.  You can test the new button by editing a page and adding &lt;code&gt;&amp;ooui=1&lt;/code&gt; to the end of the URL, like this:  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=edit&amp;ooui=1  The old appearance will no longer be possible, even with local CSS changes.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T162849]
* The [[:mediawikiwiki:File:Edit_toolbar_-_2.png|outdated 2006 wikitext editor]] will be removed later this year.  It is used by approximately 0.03% of active editors.  See [[:mw:Editor|a list of editing tools on mediawiki.org]] if you are uncertain which one you use.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 18:06, 12 Mudyaxihi 2017 (UTC)
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== Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia ==

Hello,

I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary.

One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites.

The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. 

We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature.

We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes.

You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it.

Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding.

Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]]
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== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:44, 16 Mudyaxihi 2017 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|150px]]
The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts.

You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you.

Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]]

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate.

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 21:10, 16 Mudyaxihi 2017 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]]
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].''

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments.

The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last.

* May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations'''
* May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period'''
* May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions'''
* June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period'''
* June 12–14 – '''Vote checking'''
* June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results'''

More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 21:06, 23 Mudyaxihi 2017 (UTC)
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== Accessible editing buttons ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface.  The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets.

You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=1 new] versions now.  Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; caption=&quot;Comparison of old and new styles&quot; heights=&quot;240&quot; widths=&quot;572&quot;&gt;
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change
&lt;/gallery&gt;

However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets.  Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system.  &lt;mark&gt;If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts.  Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.&lt;/mark&gt;

This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''.  Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:22, 10 Mawuwani 2017 (UTC)
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== Page Previews (Hovercards) update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello,

A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. 

Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months.  We are finally ready to deploy the feature.  Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. 

Thank you again.
&lt;/div&gt;[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:32, 20 Mawuwani 2017 (UTC)
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== RfC regarding &quot;Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation&quot; ==

There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]&quot; 

Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have.

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]].

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:06, 17 Ndzhati 2017 (UTC)
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== Discussion on synced reading lists ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Discussion on synced reading lists'''

Hello,

[[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way.  

To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones).  This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. 
=== Background ===
In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow &quot;syncing&quot; of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. 

The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a &quot;must have&quot; for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow.

Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future.

=== Why not watchlists ===

Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways:
* Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes.
* Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. 
** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints
* By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki.
* Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term.
[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. 

Thank you
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:35, 20 Ndzhati 2017 (UTC)
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== New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers'''

The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]].

Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback.  The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued.

For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens.

The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. 

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 20 Hukuri 2017 (UTC)
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== Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships ==

Hi all,

We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.'''

Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]].

To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply'''

It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages!

Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] 19:24, 20 N'wendzamhala 2017 (UTC)
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== User group for Military Historians ==

Greetings, 

&quot;Military history&quot; is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]].

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:46, 21 N'wendzamhala 2017 (UTC)
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== Editing News #1—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
Did you know that you can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]] on any page?

[[File:Wikitext diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display|center|frameless|250px]]

Sometimes, it is hard to see important changes in a wikitext diff.  This screenshot of a wikitext diff (click to enlarge) shows that the paragraphs have been rearranged, but it does not highlight the removal of a word or the addition of a new sentence.

If you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the Beta Feature]] for &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-preference-visualdiffpage-label}}&quot;, you will have a new option.  It will give you a new box at the top of every diff page.  This box will let you choose either diff system on any edit.

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected|center|frameless|200px]]
Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.

In the visual diff, additions, removals, new links, and formatting changes will be highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.

[[File:Visual diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|250px]]

This screenshot shows the same edit as the wikitext diff.  The visual diff highlights the removal of one word and the addition of a new sentence.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool.
===Recent changes===
*The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices.  It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments.  They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing.  The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January.  Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor.  Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits.  More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]].
*The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor.  It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor.  When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for &quot;Visual diffs&quot;.  The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508]
*[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
*The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates.  It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up.  &lt;mark&gt;Your wiki can have this service.  Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]&lt;/mark&gt;.

===Let's work together===
*The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]].
*Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors.  If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]].
*The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 

—[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 20:57, 2 Nyenyankulu 2018 (UTC)
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== AdvancedSearch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work!  &lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:53, 7 Mudyaxihi 2018 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool

'''Expansions'''
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment]
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:03, 30 Mudyaxihi 2018 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Global preferences are available ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:20, 10 Mawuwani 2018 (UTC)
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== New user group for editing sitewide CSS / JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all!

To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.)
A new user group, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt;, has been created.
Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.css&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.js&lt;/code&gt; that is either in the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:&lt;/code&gt; namespace or is another user's user subpage).

You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]].

Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats).
This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment).

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 17:45, 30 Mawuwani 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Requesting Admin Rights ==

Pls visit [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] and assess my request.

[[User:Dr. Sroy|Dr. Sroy]] ([[User talk:Dr. Sroy|talk]]) 16:42, 2 Mhawuri 2018 (UTC)

== Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now ==

''({{int:please-translate}})''

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,

as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the &lt;code&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt; ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug.

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:40, 27 Mhawuri 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''.
On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 13:33, 6 Ndzhati 2018 (UTC)
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== Editing News #2—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?
[[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]]

Tap on the pencil icon to start editing.  The page will probably open in the wikitext editor.

You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar.  Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing.

[[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

Remember to publish your changes when you're done.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]].  The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices.  Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing.   

=== Recent changes ===
*The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]].  
*The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website.  New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles.  You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]].
*The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]].
*The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]].  If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar.  You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]].
*The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds).
*The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images.  It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/]

=== Let's work together ===
* The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website.  &lt;mark&gt;Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.&lt;/mark&gt;  
*The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week.
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 14:17, 2 Hukuri 2018 (UTC)
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== Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web'''

{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]]

Hello,

In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct.

What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the &quot;Learn more&quot; link to get more information.

For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]].

If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 19:35, 13 Hukuri 2018 (UTC)
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== Advanced Search ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  
[[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 11:03, 26 Hukuri 2018 (UTC)
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== New Wikimedia password policy and requirements ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]].

These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length.

These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:03, 6 N'wendzamhala 2018 (UTC)
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== Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]]

Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. 

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February.

The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. 

The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.'''''

Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page.

To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]]

There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love!

Kind regards,

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]]

Imagine... the sum of all love!
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:13, 27 N'wendzamhala 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18639017 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s0xlbhu2frgymx1u4ijljr4mu4g57a5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Community Portal/Archive-6</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>6638</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41538</id>
      <parentid>35970</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-14T11:48:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Logo_for_the_beta_feature_FileExporter.svg with [[File:Logo_for_FileExporter.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Has been a default feature si</comment>
      <origin>41538</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80893" sha1="7mnebhoa0dtf4wniwdyx0i7svsje13d" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;margin:auto;border-spacing:3px;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #ccc7b7;background:#fffaea;margin-bottom:3px;&quot;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#eee9d9;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc7b7;&quot;| '''Village Pump archive: 2019 - 2020''' &amp;#160;
|-
|style=&quot;padding:0.5em;&quot;| This page contains discussions that have been archived from [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]. Please do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to revive any of these discussions, either [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACEE}}:{{BASEPAGENAMEE}}|action=edit&amp;section=new}} start] a new thread or use the talk page associated with that topic.
|}__NOEDITSECTION__&lt;noinclude&gt;

== FileExporter beta feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
[[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]]
A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature.

The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. 

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:41, 14 Sunguti 2019 (UTC)
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== No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;
18:55, 16 Sunguti 2019 (UTC)
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== Talk to us about talking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt=&quot;￼icon depicting two speech Bubbles&quot;|frameless|right|120px]]
The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication.

We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices.

We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives.

We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help.

'''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.'''

You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do:  
# First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]]  
# Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group.  This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback.  
# Then ask people what they think about communication processes.  We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki.  Please consider asking these five questions:
## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you?
## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them?
## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages?
## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations?
## What are the important aspects of a &quot;wiki discussion&quot;?
# Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group.  Please include links if the discussion is available to the public.

'''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.'''

Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]].

You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer.

Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 Nyenyenyani 2019 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013)
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor &amp; Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 Nyenyankulu 2019 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 10:56, 8 Dzivamusoko 2019 (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request ==

{{int:please-translate}}

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 Dzivamusoko 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing News #1—July 2019 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
&lt;big&gt;'''Did you know?'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?

Every article has a pencil icon at the top.  Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing.  

'''&lt;big&gt;Edit Cards&lt;/big&gt;'''

[[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter.

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more.  All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]].  

Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you:  

&lt;strong&gt;Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?&lt;/strong&gt;

If you are interested, we would value your input!  You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. 

&lt;em&gt;Follow these instructions and share your experience:&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].&lt;/strong&gt;

=== Recent releases ===
The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]].  The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: 

# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]]
#* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits.
#* The team studied this with an A/B test.  [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing.
# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]]
#* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing.

Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor.

=== New and active projects ===
This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings.

*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles.  You can try this feature now.  &lt;em&gt;Go here to see how:&lt;/em&gt; [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 &lt;em&gt;Try Edit Cards&lt;/em&gt;]].
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks:  ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?''  We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use.  The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools.

=== Looking ahead ===

* '''Wikimania:'''  Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019.  They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]].  Talk to the team about how editing can be improved.
* '''Talk Pages:'''  In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis.

=== Learning more ===
The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

[[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 
&lt;/div&gt; 18:32, 23 Mawuwani 2019 (UTC)
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== Update on the consultation about office actions ==

Hello all, 

Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. 

This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation.

For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation.

Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. 

Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust &amp; Safety team]] 08:03, 16 Mhawuri 2019 (UTC)
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== New tools and IP masking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hey everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling.

We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment.

You can post in your language if you can't write in English.
[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 14:18, 21 Mhawuri 2019 (UTC)
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== The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Hello, 

In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to &quot;re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)&quot;.

Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. 

How can you help?

* Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset);

* Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or

* Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans.

We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation!

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 17:14, 30 Ndzhati 2019 (UTC)
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== Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. 

We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups.  So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes.  

We would like individual feedback on the following:

* Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered
* Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know
* Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far

We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. 

When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project:

* Make it easier for readers to focus on the content
* Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing)
* Put things in logical and useful places
* Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps
* Eliminate clutter
* Plan for future growth

As well as the following constraints:

* Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves
* Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain
* No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors

Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] 

After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 07:18, 16 Nhlangula 2019 (UTC)
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== Beta feature &quot;Reference Previews&quot; ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page.

Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]].

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:47, 23 Nhlangula 2019 (UTC)
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== Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]].

=== Help ===
&lt;strong&gt;What talk page interactions do you remember?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else?  Whatever your story is, we want to hear it!  

Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the &lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/mark&gt;  The team wants your examples.  These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage.

=== Talk pages project ===
The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools.  The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. 

The team needs and wants your help at this early stage.  They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Getting involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate.

=== Mobile visual editor ===
The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices.  The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ====
[[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link.  The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]]

* On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor.
* There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links.  There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]].
* Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ====
[[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor.  The old system had two different toolbars.  Now, all the buttons are together.  [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]]

* In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar.  Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor.
** &lt;em&gt;One toolbar:&lt;/em&gt; All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar.  Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things.
**&lt;em&gt;New navigation:&lt;/em&gt; The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed.
**&lt;em&gt;Seamless switching:&lt;/em&gt; an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes.
* Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]].

=== Wikimania ===
The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden.  They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]].  They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors.  You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]].

=== Looking ahead ===

* &lt;strong&gt;Talk Pages Project:&lt;/strong&gt; The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes.  The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;Getting involved&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:&lt;/strong&gt;  The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|&lt;strong&gt;VisualEditor as mobile default project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:&lt;/strong&gt;  This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations.  The Editing team hopes to share results in November.  The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|&lt;strong&gt;Edit Cards project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].

– [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 11:12, 29 Nhlangula 2019 (UTC)
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== Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project ==

Hello

The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement.

To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating!

-- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 22 Sunguti 2020 (UTC)
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== Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages ==

''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' 

You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment.  We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:15, 26 Nyenyenyani 2020 (UTC)
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== Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]]

The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]].  The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.  This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. 

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]]

The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now.  This early version can sign and indent comments automatically.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].&lt;/strong&gt;  

*On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias:  [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]].  If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]].
*The team is planning some upcoming changes.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.&lt;/strong&gt;  The team will test features such as:
**an easy way to mention another editor (&quot;pinging&quot;), 
**a rich-text visual editing option, and 
**other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors.  

To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Get involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]].

– [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:27, 8 Dzivamusoko 2020 (UTC)
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== Editing news 2020 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar.  [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]]

This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|&lt;strong&gt;Reply tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias).  The Beta Feature is called &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot;.  The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon.  The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now.  Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|&lt;strong&gt;New requirements for user signatures&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable.  Most editors will not be affected.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|&lt;strong&gt;New discussion tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions.   You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|&lt;strong&gt;Research on the use of talk pages&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles.  We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. 

– [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 20:33, 17 Khotavuxika 2020 (UTC)
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== Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos ==

[[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]]
This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020.

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards,

Thank you,

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 08:24, 1 Mawuwani 2020 (UTC)

''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community''
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== Feedback on movement names ==

{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented.

Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. 

Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki.

Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 19:42, 2 Mawuwani 2020 (UTC)

''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].''
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== Editing news 2020 #3 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]]

Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors.  Since then, editors have achieved many milestones:

* More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.
* More than &lt;strong&gt;2 million new articles&lt;/strong&gt; have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019.
* The visual editor is &lt;strong&gt;increasingly popular&lt;/strong&gt;.  The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction.
* In 2019, &lt;strong&gt;35% of the edits by newcomers&lt;/strong&gt; (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has &lt;strong&gt;increased every year&lt;/strong&gt;.
* Almost &lt;strong&gt;5 million edits on the mobile site&lt;/strong&gt; have been made with the visual editor.  Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018.
* On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 &lt;strong&gt;first edit from outer space&lt;/strong&gt;] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀
* Editors have made more than &lt;strong&gt;7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor&lt;/strong&gt;, including starting &lt;strong&gt;600,000 new articles&lt;/strong&gt; in it.  The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode.  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]].

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])

&lt;/div&gt; 12:55, 9 Mawuwani 2020 (UTC)
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== Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all,

It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new.

This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 &lt;ref&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt; after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world.

The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language.

As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation &lt;ref&gt;[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams.

It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project.

We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions.

There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list &lt;ref&gt;[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path.

Yours,

Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) 

&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 20:10, 9 Mawuwani 2020 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' &lt;/small&gt;
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== The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC): we want to hear from you. ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following message may be available on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Message to small and medium sized wikis|Meta]]. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''&lt;br&gt;

At times, our contributor communities and projects have suffered from a lack of guidelines that can help us create an environment where free knowledge can be shared safely without fear. 
There has been talk about the need for a global set of conduct rules in different communities over time. 

Recently, the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees announced a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/May_2020_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Healthy_Community_Culture,_Inclusivity,_and_Safe_Spaces|Community Culture Statement]], asking for new standards to address harassment and promote inclusivity across projects.

The universal code of conduct will be a binding minimum set of standards across all Wikimedia projects, and will apply to all of us, staff and volunteers alike, all around the globe. It is of great importance that we all participate in expressing our opinions and thoughts about UCoC and its values. We should think about what we want it to cover or include and what it shouldn’t include, and how it may create difficulties or help our groups. 

This is the time to talk about it. Before starting drafting the code of conduct, we would like to hear from you and to solicit the opinions and feedback of your colleagues. 
In order for your voice to be heard, we encourage and invite you to read more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|the universal code of conduct (UCoC)]] and then write down your opinions or feedback [[:m:Talk:Universal_Code_of_Conduct|on the discussion page]].  

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcome to translate [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct&amp;language=en&amp;action=page&amp;filter= the universal code of conduct main page] from English into your respective local language. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. 

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]] 16:42, 22 Mawuwani 2020 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. 
How does it work? 

Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link &quot;Move file to Wikimedia Commons&quot; on the local file page. 

Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. 

Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. 

If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: &lt;/div&gt;[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 09:14, 6 Mhawuri 2020 (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on September 1st ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' 
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt; 13:49, 26 Mhawuri 2020 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias

Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR].

A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 09:49, 3 Ndzhati 2020 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Invitation to participate in the conversation ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020.

The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved?

Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. 

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages.

To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta.

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 17:55, 10 Ndzhati 2020 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Wiki of functions naming contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations.

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 21:22, 29 Ndzhati 2020 (UTC)
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== Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 17:17, 7 Nhlangula 2020 (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on October 27 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; -- &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;  17:11, 21 Nhlangula 2020 (UTC)
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== Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}.
Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:10, 5 Hukuri 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open!
This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better.
The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors.
You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

18:09, 20 Hukuri 2020 (UTC)
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== Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!''

As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article.

Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki.

This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond.

Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015.

If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks!

[[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 14:39, 30 Hukuri 2020 (UTC)
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== 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all,

The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools!

You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 7 N'wendzamhala 2020 (UTC)
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== Proposal to enable an experimental open source machine translation system for Tsonga ==

'''[[:mw:Content_translation|Content translation]]''' has been used already by many communities to translate [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/09/23/content-translation-tool-helps-create-over-half-a-million-wikipedia-articles/ more than 700,000 Wikipedia articles]. We want to help communities with potential to grow by using translation more. We propose to enable experimental support for a basic machine translation system for Tsonga within Content Translation. Over time, it can improve with the help of the community.

=== Background ===
For some languages, Content translation offers Machine Translation as a starting point for users to edit and improve. In addition, the tool provides [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality|mechanisms to encourage the creation of good quality content]], which prevent the publication of only lightly edited machine translations. As a result, the translations produced with the tool are [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Deletion_statistics_comparison less likely to be deleted than the articles started from scratch].

Unfortunately, Tsonga is not supported by [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation#Machine_translation_availability any of the translation services currently integrated in the tool] such as Apertium, Google or Yandex. This requires editors to write their translations from scratch.

=== Proposal ===

We want to propose the integration of [http://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], an Open source Neural Machine Translation system that supports the English-Tsonga language pair. You can try the translation engine [http://opusmt.wmflabs.org/ on this example website] (select &quot;ts&quot; in the dropdown menu on the right side). Although the translation service is based on [https://marian-nmt.github.io/ MarianMT], a powerful neural network system, the quality of the final translations heavily depends on the availability of translation data which is limited for Tsonga at the moment. This means that:

* '''The translation quality will be very low initially.''' When using the translation service you should still expect that you'll have to rewrite most of the content. This may not be an extra effort compared to the current situation, given that users have to write their translations from scratch since there is no alternative machine translation system available.
* '''Quality will improve over time as more articles are translated.''' Each translation created with Content Translation (using machine translation or from scratch) will contribute to the global corpus of translation examples used by the system. Thus, the more translations are created with the tool, the better the machine translation service will become.

We believe that this approach will help the less-supported languages over time. We want to check if this plan sounds good to the Tsonga community, and encourage Tsonga editors to [https://ts.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=specialcx#suggestions translate Wikipedia articles with the tool]. In this way, your translations not only help expand the knowledge available in your language, but also become a way to improve the free machine translation service that can be used inside and outside Wikipedia.

Note that the usage of OpusMT machine translation is optional and editors are free to translate without using such services.

=== Impact ===

On the Tsonga Wikipedia, more than 150 articles have been created with Content Translation since 2015 (compared to [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/query/50512 more than 800 articles created from scratch in the same period]). So we don’t expect a high volume of new content as an immediate result of this experiment. In any case, we want to encourage editors to [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation report any issues] they find with the tool while creating or reviewing translations.

In order to make sure that the content created using the new machine translation system results in a productive contribution, we’ll keep track of [https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges?hidebots=1&amp;hidecategorization=1&amp;hideWikibase=1&amp;hidelog=1&amp;namespace=0&amp;tagfilter=contenttranslation&amp;limit=500&amp;days=30&amp;urlversion=2 the translations created with the tool] and their deletion ratios. In addition, we’ll set stricter [[:mw:Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation quality|limits on machine translation]] to enforce more intensive editing of the initial low quality machine translation.

We want to make sure the expectations are clear before enabling the new system. Please share your questions and your thoughts on the idea. We’ll proceed only if there are no major concerns from the community.

Thanks! --[[User:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Aaharoni-WMF|talk]]) 13:34, 14 N'wendzamhala 2020 (UTC)

=== Community Response ===
{{Ping|Aaharoni-WMF}}, This is such a welcome development and would greatly lighten the translation load on my end for sure. I am mindful that machine translation would not always be in line with the native sentence construction. will this tool enable me to revise the translation before deploying it? -- [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 08:33, 17 N'wendzamhala 2020 (UTC)
:Thank for the response, [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]]!
:Yes! In Content translation, machine translation is only provided as a first step, and the human editor must edit it before publishing. The software will prevent the publishing of machine translation that was not edited at all, and it will show warnings about machine translation that was edited very slightly. How much is &quot;slightly&quot; can be further adjusted according to the feedback from the community. --[[User:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Aaharoni-WMF|talk]]) 08:56, 17 N'wendzamhala 2020 (UTC)
::Awesomeness! looking forward to test driving this tool! -- [[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 12:02, 17 N'wendzamhala 2020 (UTC)
:::[[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]], '''it's deployed now'''!
:::Just start a translation in Content Translation, try translating a paragraph of prose, and after a few moments you'll see a machine translation. There will probably be many mistakes, but the more you translate well, the better it will get over time.
:::Also, Content Translation is currently defined as a beta feature. Is it OK to move it to being a usual preference? It will be enabled by default, but users will be able to disable it. It was already done in more than forty languages, and didn't cause any disruptions or increases in vandalism. --[[User:Aaharoni-WMF|Amir E. Aharoni (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Aaharoni-WMF|talk]]) 15:47, 17 N'wendzamhala 2020 (UTC)
::::{{Ping|Aaharoni-WMF}}, Yes, I have been using the content translation tool for some time now. I support the mainstreaming of this tool. --[[User:Thuvack|Thuvack]] ([[User talk:Thuvack|talk]]) 10:42, 6 Sunguti 2021 (UTC)

== Community Wishlist Survey 2021 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
'''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.'''

In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones.

We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams.

'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]'''

We are waiting for your votes. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]

00:52, 15 N'wendzamhala 2020 (UTC)
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      <sha1>7mnebhoa0dtf4wniwdyx0i7svsje13d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Swigaririmi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6663</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39749</id>
      <parentid>39703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-10-07T07:30:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2025-27956-61</username>
        <id>12040</id>
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      <text bytes="1313" sha1="nu1n2c7e2v15nduxk165s2874wtzevr" xml:space="preserve">Nyika mavizweni wa rito ra “mpingo” kusuka eka ntila lowu nge “Mpingu va ringetela

emakatleni”. Tlhela u boxa ni vito ra xigaririmi lexi.

1. Xithathelo (Hyperbole)

2. Xifananisi (Simile)

3. Xigego (Metaphor)

4. Vumunhuhatwa (Personification)

5. Xivulavulelo (Idiom)

Swivulavulelo 
Swivulavulelo swi ndlandlamuxa ririmi ra hina ra Xitsonga. 
Swivulavulelo swi fanele ku tirhisiwa etindhawini leti faneleke. 
Swivulavulelo swi tirhisiwa ku fananyana na swigego hikuva tinhlamulo 
ti tumberile. A hi fanelanga ku swi tirhisa muhulahula
Xikombiso:
*Ku dya marhambu ya nhloko.
 Nhlamulo: ku ehleketa. 
*Ku ba u kokela 
*Nhlamulo: Ku kuma swilo hi xitalo. 
*Ku ba mati tingwenya ti etlela
 Nhlamulo: ku diza 
*Gezani u dye virivi
 Nhlamulo: Gezani u hlundzukile.
*Mihloti va n’wi pfale nomo
 Nhlamulo: Mihloti va n’wi miyetile. 
 
Mavulavulelo yo tirhisa swivulavulelo 
Xikombiso:

*Gezani u na vuswikoti byo vulavula &gt; Gezani u kota ku vulavula
*Manana u dyiwe hi misava &gt; Manana u lovile.
*Kokwani u ye muya a nga ha vuyi &gt; Kokwani u hundzile emisaveni/ u 
lovile.
*Ti dya muhwani &gt; Vanhu va endla hi ku rhandza.
*Tatana u xurhile &gt; Tatana u dakwile.


6. Xivuriso (Proverb)

7. Xisasi (Euphemism)- lexi i xigaririmi lexi tirhisiwaka marito lama sivaka marito ya ndzhukano.xik .&quot;xighono - mutsoniwa</text>
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    <title>Meksiko</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Amerikha]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Meksiko'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Mexico.svg |125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Mexico.svg |65px]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Flag of Mexico.svg |Flag]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | ([[Coat of arms of Mexico.svg |Coat of Arms]])
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:MEX orthographic.svg|300px]]
|}                                                                                                                                                                                      
Meksiko i tiko ra [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|Amerika Nwalungu]].

[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]
[[Category:Amerikha]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gamboko</title>
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      <text bytes="244" sha1="jzyq1ve982cq0fwz9tdw9ma8bzcwadf" xml:space="preserve">'''Gamboko''' comprises un'we ayisi crystals kula swaxi nkarhana suspended e atmosphere—usually endzeni clouds—and i vi ku wa, accumulating e hansi kwihi va undergo emahlweni hundzuka.

[[File:CargoNet Di 12 Euro 4000 Lønsdal - Bolna.jpg]]</text>
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      <comment>Disabling mentorship for wikis with no list of mentors ([[:phab:T321056]])</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Ithebhulethi yebakala lezonyango</title>
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      <text bytes="3587" sha1="ikxhae5gf0wteqf0n3wb09dlpb45ynm" xml:space="preserve">Iipilisi zebakala lezonyango zinesiseko esifanayo kwiipilisi zabathengi eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinguqu ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ezenza ezi pilisi zilungele ukusetyenziswa ezibhedlele. Iipilisi zonyango ziyayitshintsha indlela esicinga ngayo ngokhathalelo lwempilo. Bancedisa oogqirha nabongikazi ekuboneleleni ngokhathalelo olungcono ngelixa besomeleza ukhuseleko lwesigulana kunye nokwaneliseka. Banciphisa iimpazamo kwaye benza unxibelelwano phakathi koogqirha kumasebe ahlukeneyo ezonyango lula kunangaphambili. Amacwecwe afanelekileyo omgangatho wezonyango anokunceda ukuxhasa kunye negalelo kwindawo yonyango ecocekileyo, ekhuselekileyo.

Ukuthembeka kunye nokukhuseleka kwethebhulethi yonyango kubalulekile. Ithebhulethi yonyango kufuneka isebenze kakuhle (kubandakanywa ne-hardware kunye ne-software yayo), ibe nentlawulo yebhetri eyaneleyo yonke imini, kwaye ihlangabezane nemisebenzi eyisiseko, nokuba isetyenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesigulane ngokuthe ngqo okanye ulawulo lwedatha elula ngexesha lokutyelela rhoqo. Ukukwazi ukuvala isofthiwe yethebhulethi kunye nokukhusela ukuba ingasetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo kubalulekile ekuphenduleni, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-HIPAA efana nobumfihlo bedatha, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo kukhathalelo lwezonyango ngokubanzi.

==== Uthini umahluko phakathi kwethebhulethi yebanga lezonyango kunye nethebhulethi eqhelekileyo? ====
1. Iipilisi zebakala lezonyango zikhuselwe yi-Antimicrobial. Iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezinokusasazeka ngokulula kwimeko yezonyango ziyancitshiswa ngenxa yoko.

2. Iibhakhowudi zokufunda ezidityanisiweyo, eziluncedo kwimisebenzi efana nokugcina uluhlu lwempahla yasesibhedlele nokurekhoda ulwazi lwesigulana ngokukhawuleza.

3. Abafundi be-RFID basetyenziselwa ukuskena amabhanti ezigulane kunye namayeza.

4. I-Smart card readers, ezibonelela ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo yokugcina nokufunda ulwazi lwesigulana.

5. Umqheba wangaphandle wenza kube lula ukuwuthwala kwaye uphelise umngcipheko wokuwuwisa.

6. Uyilo lwethebhulethi olungena fan luthintela izinto ezingacocekanga ukuba zisasazeke kwindawo engcolileyo.

7.Iibhetri zomthamo ophezulu ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngexesha lokutshintsha.

8.Umboniso we-multi-touch uvumela umsebenzisi wokugqibela ukuba asebenze nesigulane ngelixa egqoke iiglavu.

Ukuthembeka kunye nokukhuseleka kwethebhulethi yonyango kubalulekile. Ithebhulethi yonyango kufuneka isebenze kakuhle (kubandakanywa ne-hardware kunye ne-software yayo), ibe nentlawulo yebhetri eyaneleyo yonke imini, kwaye ihlangabezane nemisebenzi eyisiseko, nokuba isetyenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesigulane ngokuthe ngqo okanye ulawulo lwedatha elula ngexesha lokutyelela rhoqo. Ukukwazi ukuvala isofthiwe yethebhulethi kunye nokukhusela ukuba ingasetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo kubalulekile ekuphenduleni, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-HIPAA efana nobumfihlo bedatha, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo kukhathalelo lwezonyango ngokubanzi.

&lt;references /&gt;
&quot;[https://www.cms.gov/regulations-and-guidance/administrative-simplification/hipaa-aca HIPAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105162647/https://www.cms.gov/regulations-and-guidance/administrative-simplification/hipaa-aca |date=2023-01-05 }}&quot;, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Customize Tablet - Leader in [https://customizetablet.com/medical-tablet/ Medical Grade Tablet]

Samsung [https://www.samsung.com/us/business/solutions/industries/healthcare/ Digital Health Solution]

[https://www.android.com/ Android Operating System]</text>
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    <title>N'weti</title>
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'''N'weti''' (mfungho: [[file:moon decrescent symbol (fixed width).svg|20px|☾]])</text>
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    <title>Dyambu</title>
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[[File:Atardecer en Villa Devoto.jpg|thumb]]
'''Dyambu''' (mfungho: [[file:sun symbol (fixed width).svg|20px|☉]])</text>
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    <title>N'wamba</title>
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      <text bytes="549" sha1="si2vuq6uzngbifz9g68tdp120w1td45" xml:space="preserve">Malumbe-lumbe axinjini maetlela ni ntsenga, hi va ka nkumbana wa mapala, ntlhovani va ka n'hweti hi ku vonaka hi vukarhi va yi vona hi vurhena, hi vana va Nyalani, hi va ka nkulungwani wo bela valala,u vuya u bela maxaka,hi va ka xikon'wana xa ku hela nurhu, hi va ka Nyamari wa ntima:Elia wa Magezi wa Mukhacani wa Munyamani wa N'wa-Vujaha wa Matsumisi wa Xivongo wa Mphamasi wa Sivama wa Xitohole.
    VA KHALE
Nganyata wa Vundisa wa N'wa-Ngudiwani wa Mudlayi wa Mangorho wa Nkolele wa Xinjini wa Rikhati
wa Popo N'wamba...(N'wamba swivula nsinya)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Korea Dzonga</title>
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    <redirect title="Khoriya Dzonga" />
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      <comment>Aliwal2012 moved page [[Korea Dzonga]] to [[Khoriya Dzonga]]: Correct name</comment>
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      <text bytes="28" sha1="mtydjmu817jc8dzgwthtxmeqbmb799l" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Khoriya Dzonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Madagascar (filimi)</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Madagascar logo.png|thumb|290x290px]] '''''Madagascar''''' i [[filimi]] ya 2005 leyi endliweke hi khompyuta leyi endliweke hi DreamWorks Animation. Mhaka leyi yi vulavula hi ntlawa wa swiharhi leswi humaka endhawini ya swiharhi eCentral Park, eDorobeni ra New York. Swimunhuhatwa leswikulu i Alex (Ben Stiller), Marty (Chris Rock), Melman (David Schwimmer) na Gloria (Jada Pinkett Smith).&quot;</comment>
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'''''Madagascar''''' i [[filimi]] ya 2005 leyi endliweke hi khompyuta leyi endliweke hi DreamWorks Animation. Mhaka leyi yi vulavula hi ntlawa wa swiharhi leswi humaka endhawini ya swiharhi eCentral Park, eDorobeni ra New York. Swimunhuhatwa leswikulu i Alex (Ben Stiller), Marty (Chris Rock), Melman (David Schwimmer) na Gloria (Jada Pinkett Smith).</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lamula</title>
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'''Lamula''' i muhandzu wa tinxaka tohambana hambana ta citrus. Muhandzu lowu wuna nantswo wo nandziha loko wuvupfile, kambe loko wunga si wupfa wa bava. Muxaka wun’wana na wun’wana wa lamula wuna kutlula 100% wa nhlayo ya wena leyi ringanyetiweke ya siku na siku ya vitamin C. Sweswo swi tlula mihandzu yin’wana na yin’wana ya citrus. Vitamin C leyi nga eka Lamula yi pfuna miri wa wena hi tindlela to tala 

Yi sirhelela tisele ta wena leswaku ti nga onhaki

Swi pfuna miri wa wena ku endla collagen, ku nga protein leyi horisaka swilondza naswona yi ku nyika nhlonge yo olova.

Swi endla leswaku swi olova ku tswonga iron ku lwisana na ku kayivela ka ngati

Swi tlakusa masocha ya wena ya miri, ku tisirhelela ka miri wa wena eka switsongwatsongwana

Swi pfuneta ku lwisana na Mavabyi lawa manga endlaka leswaku u khomiwa khensa.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>XiInterlingue</title>
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      <contributor>
        <ip>200.24.154.84</ip>
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| name             = XiInterlingue
| nativename       = ''Interlingue''
| image            = Unde yelb.svg
| imagesize        = 0.7
| imagealt         = Mfungho wa Interlingue, tilde ya ntima eka xivumbeko xa bokisi ro tshwuka
| altname          = XiOccidental
| creator          = [[Edgar de Wahl]]
| created          = 1922
| setting          = [[Ririmi ro pfuneta ra matiko ya misava]]
| family           = [[ririmi leri akiweke]] leri sekeriweke eka [[tindzimi ta Indo-European]]
| script           = [[Matsalwa ya Xilatini]]
| ancestor         = Auli
| iso1             = ie
| iso2             = ile
| iso3             = ile
| linglist         = ile
| glotto           = inte1260
| glottorefname    = Interlingue (Occidental)
| notice           = IPA
| familycolor      = 
}}
'''XiInterlingue''', ekusunguleni ya '''XiOccidental''', i ririmi ro pfuneta ra matiko ya misava leri tumbuluxiweke hi 1922 naswona ri thyiwile vito lerintshwa hi 1949. Muvumbi wa rona, [[Edgar de Wahl]], u lave ku fikelela nkarhi na nkarhi lowukulu wa ririmi na vumunhu bya ntumbuluko. Ntivomarito wu sekeriwe eka marito lama nga kona khale ku suka eka tindzimi to hambana na endlelo ro huma leri tirhisaka swirhangi na swilandzi leswi tiviwaka.

== Matimu na ntirho ==
[[File:First issue of Cosmoglotta, 1922.jpg|alt=|thumb|Nkandziyiso wo sungula wa ''Kosmoglott'' (endzhakunyana ''Cosmoglotta''), lowu kandziyisiweke hi ku hatlisa endzhaku ka xitiviso xa leswaku Nhlangano wa Matiko wu dyondza hi xiphiqo xa ririmi ra matiko hinkwawo.]]

=== Masungulo ===
Edgar de Wahl u tivise ku tumbuluxiwa ka Occidental hi 1922 hi nkandziyiso wo sungula wa magazini wa ''Cosmoglotta'', lowu kandziyisiweke eTallinn, [[Estonia]] ehansi ka vito ra ''Kosmoglott''. Occidental akuri mbuyelo wa malembe ya ku ringeta ka munhu hi xiyexe ehansi ka vito ra Auli (ririmi ro pfuneta), leri anga ri tirhisa kusukela hi 1906 kuya eka 1921 naswona leri endzhaku ri kumeke vito ra xirhangiso ra proto-Occidental. De Wahl, loyi ekusunguleni ari museketeri wa [[XiVolapük]] ivi endzhaku ari Esperanto, u sungurile ku tumbuluxa Occidental endzhaku ka vhoti leyi tsandzekeke yo pfuxeta XiEsperanto hi 1894.

[[File:Occidental-Union, Wien 1928.jpg|thumb|right|Va hlanganyela eka nhlengeletano ya Vupeladyambu eVienna, 1928: Engelbert Pigal, Karl Janotta, A. Deminger, Hanns Hörbiger, Eugen Moess, Franz Houdek, Johann Robert Hörbiger]]
[[File:Occidentalists in Vienna, 1927.jpg|thumb|right|Nhlengeletano ya vatirhisi va tindzimi ta le Vupela-dyambu (Interlingue) eVienna hi 1927.]]

De Wahl u tsalelane ni vatumbuluxi van’wana va tindzimi, exikarhi ka vona a ku ri mutivi wa tinhlayo wa le Italy Giuseppe Peano (muvumbi wa Latino sine flexione), loyi a kumeke ku tlangela eka yena hikwalaho ka ku hlawuriwa ka yona ka ntivomarito wa matiko hinkwawo, na Waldemar Rosenberger, muvumbi wa Idiom Neutral.

Loko yi tivisiwa hi 1922, Occidental a yi ri kusuhi ni ku hela. De Wahl a a nga tiyimiselanga ku tivisa ririmi leri ku ringana malembe ma nga ri mangani, kambe u endle xiboho xo hatlisisa ku humesiwa ka rona endzhaku ko twa leswaku Nhlangano wa Matiko wu sungurile ku lavisisa xivutiso xa ririmi ra matiko hinkwawo. Nkandziyiso wo sungula lowu tiviwaka eka Occidental, ku nga xibukwana lexi nga ni nhloko-mhaka leyi nge ''Transcendent Algebra'' hi Jacob Linzbach, wu humelele emahlweninyana ka ku va Kosmoglott a sungula ku humesiwa.

Occidental yi sungurile ku hlengeleta valandzeri hikwalaho ka ku hlayeka ka yona, hambi leswi a yi pfumaleka hi ku helela ka swigaririmi na swihlamusela-marito. Endzhaku ka malembe mambirhi hi 1924, de Wahl u tsarile leswaku a a tsalelana na kwalomu ka 30 wa vanhu &quot;in good Occidental&quot; hambi leswi a ku pfumaleka switirhisiwa swo dyondza, naswona vatirhisi va tindzimi tin'wana va sungule ku joyina Occidental. Xihlamusela-marito xo sungula, ku nga Radicarium Directiv, ku nga nhlengeleto wa marito ya timitsu ta le Vupela-dyambu ni marito lama ringanaka na wona hi tindzimi ta tsevu, xi kandziyisiwe hi lembe leri landzeleke.

Kosmoglott nakambe a ku ri foramu ya tindzimi tin’wana to hambana-hambana leti kunguhatiweke, kasi ya ha tsariwa ngopfu hi ririmi ra le Vupela-dyambu. Vito leri ri cinciwile ri va Cosmoglotta hi 1927 tanihi leswi ri sunguleke ku tlakusa Occidental ximfumo ematshan’weni ya tindzimi tin’wana, naswona hi January yoleyo hofisi ya vahleri ​​ni ya vulawuri ya magazini leyi yi rhurhiseriwe endhawini ya le Vienna ya le Mauer, leyi sweswi yi nga xiphemu xa Liesing. Ku humelela ko tala ka le ku sunguleni ka Occidental eka nkarhi lowu ku huma eka ndhawu leyintshwa ya le xikarhi ya hofisi, swin’we ni matshalatshala ya Engelbert Pigal, na yena a huma eAustria, loyi xihloko xakwe xa ''Li Ovre de Edgar de Wahl'' (Ntirho wa Edgar de Wahl) xi endleke leswaku ku tsakeriwa eka xona Occidental ku suka eka vatirhisi va Ido. Ku tirhisiwa eFurwa ku sungule hi 1928, naswona eku sunguleni ka khume ra malembe lama landzeleke ntlawa wa le Vupela-dyambu wu simekiwile eJarimani, Austria, Sweden, Czechoslovakia ni le Switzerland.

=== Nkarhi wa Vienna na Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava ===
[[File:Postkarte Lingue international Occidental.jpg|thumb|right|khadi ra poso ra PR leri nga na tsalwa ra le Vupeladyambu leri endliweke hi 1928 eVienna]]

Nkarhi wa Vienna na wona a wu funghiwe hi ku tshamiseka ka timali. Hi ku pfuniwa hi vaseketeri vambirhi lavakulu, ku nga Hans Hörbiger, loyi na yena a humaka eVienna, na G.A. Moore wo huma eLondon, Cosmoglotta yi humelerile ku nga khathariseki xiphiqo xa ikhonomi. Endzhaku ka loko lavambirhi va file hi 1931, Cosmoglotta yi tlhele yi boheka ku titshega hi mali leyi yi yi kumaka eka swikhokhelo ni ku kandziyisiwa nakambe.

Ntlawa lowu awu kula wusungule ku endla matshalatshala yo tiyisisa swinene eka Occidental ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 1930s, hiku tirhisa ku hlayeka ka yona ka at-sight hiku tihlanganisa na tinhlengeletano tofana na tikhamphani, ti embassies, tindlu to kandziyisa na League of Nations na mapapila hiku hetiseka e Occidental lawa ya talaka ku twisisiwa naku hlamuriwa. Tirhekhodo ta Occidental leyi vulavuriwaka eka tirhekhodo ta gramophone leswaku ti hangalasiwa ti endliwile ro sungula eka nkarhi lowu.

Malembe kusukela hi 1935 kuya eka 1939 aya tirha ngopfu eka Cosmoglotta naswona nkandziyiso wa vumbirhi wa magazini lowu wu kandziyisiwile. Eku sunguleni a yi ri ni nhloko-mhaka leyi nge Cosmoglotta-Informationes, hi ku hatlisa yi thyiwile vito lerintshwa ra Cosmoglotta B, yi kongomisa eka swilo leswi tsakisaka ngopfu endzeni swo tanihi timhaka ta ririmi, swiviko swa Occidental eka mahungu ni ku pfuxetiwa ka timali. Eku sunguleni ka 1936, loko hi nga hlayiwi minkandziyiso ya 110 ya Cosmoglotta ni tijenali tin’wana ni switiviso, nhlayo ya minkandziyiso ya 80 a yi ri kona eOccidental ni le kusuhi na yona.

Kambe malembe ya le mahlweni ka Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava ma tise swiphiqo eka tindzimi ta le Vupela-dyambu ni tin’wana leti kunguhatiweke. Ti yirisiwile eJarimani, Austria na Czechoslovakia, ti sindzisiwa ku hahluka naswona ti vekiwile ti vekiwile tihlo hi Gestapo, leti na tona ti onheke switirhisiwa swo dyondzisa. Ku yirisiwa ka tindzimi leti pfunaka eJarimani a swi onha ngopfu tanihi leswi laha a ku ri laha vanhu vo tala va le Vupela-dyambu a va tshama kona hi nkarhi wolowo. Ku tsandzeka ku amukela ku hakeriwa ka swikhokhelo a ku ri ku onhaka ka timali loku yeke emahlweni endzhaku ka nyimpi swin’we ni ku avanyisa ka Jarimani hi tindhawu leti nga ni nkucetelo, ku nga ri hinkwaswo leswi pfumelelaka ku hakela.

De Wahl, eTallinn, a nga swi kotanga ku vulavurisana ni Occidental Union eSwitzerland ku sukela hi 1939 ku ya eka October 1947, ro sungula hikwalaho ka nyimpi ivi endzhaku ka sweswo ku kavanyetiwa ka poso exikarhi ka Switzerland na Soviet Union. Leswi a a nga swi tivi leswi, de Wahl u pfilunganyekile hi ku pfumaleka ka nhlamulo eka mapapila yakwe lama yaka emahlweni; hambi ku ri nhlengeleto lowukulu wa vutlhokovetseri lebyi hundzuluxeriweke eka Occidental a wu si tshama wu nyikeriwa. Papila rin’we ntsena ra yena leri amukeriweke eSwitzerland ri fike hi 1947, ri vutisa Occidental Union leswaku ha yini ri nga hlamulanga ni rin’we ra rona. Hi nkarhi wolowo, yindlu ya de Wahl ni layiburari yakwe hinkwayo a swi onhiwile hi nkarhi wa ku buluka ka tibomo eTallinn. De Wahl hi byakwe u pfaleriwile nkarhinyana endzhaku ko ala ku suka eEstonia a ya eJarimani, naswona endzhaku u tumbele exibedlhele xa vutshunguri bya miehleketo laha a hanyeke vutomi bya yena hinkwabyo.

Ku sungula ka nyimpi hi 1939 ku yimise minkandziyiso ya ti- Cosmoglotta leti hatimbirhi ku ya fika hi 1940, kambe hi 1941 Cosmoglotta B yi sungule ku kandziyisiwa nakambe naswona yi ye emahlweni ku fikela hi 1950. Nkandziyiso wa Cosmoglotta A kumbe B a wu kandziyisiwa n’hweti yin’wana ni yin’wana exikarhi ka January 1937 na September 1939, . ivi endzhaku (endzhaku ka ku chava ko sungula ka nyimpi) n’hweti yin’wana ni yin’wana ku sukela hi September 1941 ku ya eka June 1951. Hi nkarhi wa nyimpi, i ntsena lava a va ri eSwitzerland ni le Sweden lava nga riki na vukala-tlhelo lava koteke ku tinyiketela hi ku helela eka ririmi leri, va ya emahlweni ni mintirho hi ndlela leyi nga riki ya ximfumo.

Hi nkarhi wa nyimpi, vanhu va le Vupela-dyambu va xiye leswaku hakanyingi ririmi leri a ri pfumeleriwa ku rhumeriwa hi thelegiramu endzeni ni le handle ka Switzerland (ngopfu-ngopfu ku ya ni ku vuya eSweden) hambi ku ri ku nga amukeriwi ximfumo, va ehleketa leswaku vahlahluvi va swi kotile ku ri twisisa naswona va nga ha va va ehleketa leswaku ri tsariwile hi Xipaniya kumbe hi Romansch (ririmi leritsongo kambe ra ximfumo ra Xirhoma eSwitzerland). Leswi swi pfumelele ku vulavurisana ko karhi ku endleka exikarhi ka Vahlapfa eSwitzerland ni le Sweden. Tisenthara tin’wana ta ntirho wa le Vupela-dyambu eYuropa a ti fambanga kahle ku fana na sweswo, laha switoko swa switirhisiwa swo dyondza eVienna ni le Tallinn swi lovisiweke hi ku buluka ka tibomo naswona vanhu vo tala va le Vupela-dyambu va rhumeriwe etikampeni ta nxaniso eJarimani ni le Czechoslovakia.

Vuxaka byi tlhele byi simekiwa endzhakunyana ka nyimpi hi lava saleke, laha mapapila lama humaka ematikweni yo tanihi France, Czechoslovakia, Finland na Great Britain ma fikeke eCosmoglotta. Vatsari va vule leswaku va lulamerile ku sungula migingiriko hi vuntshwa eka ririmi leri. Cosmoglotta a yi ri ni vaxavi emadorobeni ya 58 eSwitzerland tin’hweti ti nga ri tingani Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava yi nga si hela eYuropa, naswona Cosmoglotta A yi sungule ku kandziyisiwa nakambe hi 1946.

=== Ku ringanisiwa ka ririmi ===
Hi nkarhi wa nyimpi vanhu vo tala va le Vupela-dyambu va teke ku endla leswaku ririmi leri ri va leri ringaniseriweke. De Wahl a a tumbuluxile Occidental hi swihlawulekisi swo hlayanyana leswi nga cinciki, kambe a tshemba leswaku ku landzelela ka yona &quot;milawu ya vutomi&quot; swi yi nyikile xisekelo lexi tiyeke lexi eneleke lexi yi nga landzelelaka &quot;ku hundzuka ka ntumbuluko&quot; hi ku cinca-cinca loku a ku ta &quot;pfumelela nkarhi na ku titoloveta ku endla tano.&quot; hlayisa ku cinca loku nga ta tikomba ku ri loku lavekaka&quot;. Hikwalaho ka sweswo, marito man’wana a ma ri ni swivumbeko swo tlula xin’we leswi pfumeleriwaka, leswi a swi nga ta lulamisiwa hi xileriso ntsena, xisweswo swi siya xiboho xo hetelela eka vaaki hi ku katsa swivumbeko leswimbirhi leswi nga kotekaka eka swihlamusela-marito swo sungula swa le Vupela-dyambu. Xikombiso xin’wana a xi khumba riendli scrir (ku tsala) na xivumbeko xin’wana lexi nga kotekaka xa scripter, tanihileswi havumbirhi bya swona swi tumbuluxeke ku huma loku tiviwaka emisaveni hinkwayo: scritura na scritor ku suka eka scrir, kumbe scriptura na scriptor ku suka eka scripter. De Wahl u kombisile ku tsakela scrir, a kuma leswaku scripter yi tika hi ndlela yo karhi, kambe u vule leswaku leyi yo hetelela hakunene ya pfumeleriwa na leswaku Occidental yi nga ha teka ku hundzuka loku fanaka na tindzimi ta ntumbuluko leti eka tona swivumbeko leswi haswimbirhi swi sungulaka ku tirhisiwa loku fanaka, laha xivumbeko xo leha xi nga na a ximunhuhatwa xo tika na xa xivumbeko naswona xo koma xi vumba thoni yo olova no ya siku na siku (ku fana na xitori xa Xinghezi vs. matimu).

Matsalelo a ku ri ndhawu yin’wana leyi eka yona a ku ri ni swilo swo hlayanyana leswi nga kotekaka, ku nga matsalelo ya etymologic (adtractiv, obpression), matsalelo ya matimu (attractiv, ku tshikileriwa), kumbe matsalelo lama olovisiweke (atractiv, opression). Matsalelo lama olovisiweke eku heteleleni ma hundzuke mpimanyeto hi 1939. Leswi swivutiso swa ha saleke malunghana ni xivumbeko xa ximfumo xa marito man’wana ni ku pfumaleka ka rungula ro angarhela leri a ri kunguhateriwe vanhu hinkwavo, nkarhi wo tala hi nkarhi wa Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava wu tirhisiwile eka ku ringanisiwa ka ririmi ni ku tumbuluxiwa ka tikhoso, naswona wu fanele wu va kona ku ya eka nyimpi leyi yaka emahlweni, hi August 1943 ku endliwe xiboho xo tumbuluxa xikolo xa nkarhinyana xo endla endlelo leri ri va ximfumo.

Endlelo leri a ri ha ku sungula ku nga ri khale nyimpi yi nga si sungula, naswona Valungu va le Switzerland, va tikuma va ri ekule ni tiko-nkulu hinkwaro, va hlawule ku dzikisa mianakanyo ya vona eka switirhisiwa swo dyondzisa leswaku va ta va va lunghekile eku heleni ka nyimpi.

=== IALA, Interlingua, na ku cinca vito ku va Interlingue ===
International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA), leyi simekiweke hi 1924 ku dyondza ni ku kumisisa ririmi leri kunguhatiweke kahle swinene eka vuhlanganisi bya matiko hinkwawo, eku sunguleni yi langutiwa hi ku kanakana hi vaaki va le Vupela-dyambu. Musunguri-kulobye wa yona Alice Vanderbilt Morris a a ri MuEsperantist, tani hi vatirhi va yona votala, naswona Ma-Occidental yotala kukatsa na de Wahl hi yexe ava tshemba leswaku vurhangeri bya yona ehansi ka Esperantist William Edward Collinson swivula leswaku yi simekiwile na vatirhi va vativi va tindzimi va xiphurofexinali ehansi ka vukala-tlhelo ni xivangelo xa sayense xo tiyisa xitsundzuxo xo hetelela xa Xiesperanto. Vuxaka byi hatle byi antswisiwa, hambiswiritano, tanihileswi swi veke erivaleni leswaku IALA a yi kunguhate ku va yi nga yi hi nghohe hilaha swi nga kotekaka hakona hi ku tolovelana ni tindzimi hinkwato leti nga kona leti kunguhatiweke. Ric Berger, mutivi wa ndhuma wa Occidental loyi endzhaku a joyineke Interlingua hi malembe yava 1950s, u endle riendzo ra munhu hi xiyexe e Morris hi 1935 laha yena na nuna wa yena va kombiseke ku lava ku tiva Occidental naswona va n’wi rhamba ku vulavula hi ririmi, leswinga antswisa swinene mavonelo ya Berger hi nhlangano.

Hi 1945, IALA yi tivise leswaku yi kunguhata ku tumbuluxa ririmi ra yona naswona yi kombisile mune wa tivhidiyo leti nga kotekaka leti nga ehansi ka ku tekeriwa enhlokweni, hinkwato leti a ti ri ta ntumbuluko[64] ku hambana na xikimi. Vativi va le Vupeladyambu hi ku angarhela a va tsakile leswaku IALA yi teke xiboho xo tumbuluxa ririmi leri fanaka swinene hi ntumbuluko na ra Vupeladyambu, va ri vona tanihi nhlangano lowu tshembekaka lowu nyikeke ntikelo eka mhaka ya vona ya leswaku ririmi ro pfuneta ri fanele ku ya emahlweni eka dyondzo ya tindzimi ta ntumbuluko ematshan’wini yo ringeta ku ringanela va va fambiselo ro endliwa. Ric Berger a ri na langutelo lerinene ngopfu eku hlamuseleni ka ririmi leri taka tanihi ku hlula ka xikolo xa ntumbuluko na &quot;kwalomu ka ririmi leri fanaka&quot; hi 1948. Berger a ha ri na ku kanakana, hambiswiritano, a kanakana loko phurojeke leyi nga na xiphemu xo fana na xivumbeko xo tano yi ta kota ku &quot; hi xitshuketa swi endla leswaku xihlawuhlawu [eka tindzimi leti kunguhatiweke] xi wa no tumbuluxa vun'we exikarhi ka vaseketeri va tindzimi ta matiko ya misava&quot;. Berger u tlhele a chava leswaku swi nga ha &quot;hanyisa ntsena vaseketeri va ririmi ra ntumbuluko va nga ri na nchumu wo kombisa eka rona&quot; endzhaku ka loko Occidental yi tumbuluxe &quot;vun'we exikolweni xa ntumbuluko&quot; nkarhi wo leha swonghasi.

Loko tindzimi letimbirhi ti ri na ntivomarito lowu fanaka wa tiphesente ta 90 handle ka ku hambana ka matsalelo loku tekeriweke enhlokweni (e.g. hi filosofie na philosophia leswi tekiwaka hi rito rin’we), hi xivumbeko na hi tlhelo ra masungulo a swi hambanile swinene. Nawu wa De Wahl eka Occidental ngopfu-ngopfu a wu herise maendli ya Xilatini lama nga ni swirhabyani swimbirhi (maendli yo tanihi act: ager, act- kumbe send: mitter, miss-), kasi Interlingua yi ma amukerile ntsena tanihi xiphemu xa fambiselo ra ntumbuluko. Tindzimi ta vulawuri (Xitaliyana, Xipaniya na/kumbe Xiputukezi, Xifurwa, Xinghezi) leti tirhisiwaka hi Interlingua ku vumba ntivomarito wa yona hi xiphemu lexikulu ti lava leswaku rito leri faneleke ri kumeka eka tindzimi tinharhu ta xihlovo (&quot;nawu wa tinharhu&quot;), leswi nga ta kanetana hi Occidental’s Germanic substrate na marito man’wana yo hambana lawa hi nhlamuselo ya nga ta va ya nga faneleki eka ririmi leri hlanganeke leri hlayiseke endlelo ra Interlingua. Interlingua yi tlhele yi pfumelela swihlanganisi swa marito leswi nga tshamisekangiki leswi nga hlawuriwa swo fana na so, son na sia tanihi xivumbeko xa munhu wo sungula xa vun’we, vunyingi bya munhu wa vunharhu na xihlawulekisi xa esser, riendli ‘ku va’.

Occidental na yona a ya ha hlakarhela enyimpini. Cosmoglotta yi ye emahlweni yi vika ku fikela hi 1946 hi leswaku i vamani lava poneke nyimpi, leswaku i vamani exikarhi ka vona lava a va lunghekele ku tlhela va hlanganyela ni lava a va ha ri eku hlanganiseni. Magazini lowu a wu ri ni xiphiqo xa timali hikwalaho ka mali leyi tlakukeke ya ku kandziyisa endzhaku ka nyimpi ni ku tsandzeka ka wona ku hlengeleta mali leyi hakeriwaka ematikweni yo karhi, ku nga ku hambana lokukulu ni IALA leyi nga ni mali leyinene leyi simekiweke eNew York.

Tipolitiki ta matiko hinkwawo a ku ri xiphiqo xin’wana eka vanhu va le Vupela-dyambu endzhaku ka nyimpi. Ku sungula ka Nyimpi yo Pfumala Vuxaka swi endle leswaku ku va ni xiyimo lexi nga nyawuriki eka Occidental-Union, leyi vito ra yona khombo ra kona ri fambisanaka ni ra ligi ya tipolitiki leyi lwisanaka ni Rhaxiya; va-Occidental va le Switzerland a va pfumela leswaku hi yona mhaka leyi mapapila hinkwawo ya de Wahl lama humaka eTallinn ma kavanyetiweke. De Wahl u tshamile a nga tivi hi ta nhluvukiso eka ririmi na xiringanyeto vutomi bya yena hinkwabyo.[80] Eku sunguleni ka 1948 Ma-Czechoslovakia ya le Vupela-dyambu a ma sungurile ku kombela vito lerintshwa leri a ri ta va pfumelela ku yisa emahlweni mintirho ya vona ya ririmi handle ko kanakana, va ringanyeta vito leri nge Interal (International auxiliari lingue), leri nhlangano wu hlamuleke leswaku rito leri nge Interlingue ri ta fanela swinene naswona va a va ntshunxekile ku nghenisa ririmi tanihi &quot;Interlingue (Occidental)&quot;, kumbe hambi ku ri ku susa ku boxiwa ka Occidental eka swiphemu loko va swi lava. Ric Berger u sungurile ku seketela ku cinca ka vito kusuka eka Occidental kuya eka Interlingue hi 1948 leswi na swona a tshemba leswaku swita pfuneta eka ku hlanganisiwa exikarhi ka tindzimi letimbirhi. Vhoti ya ximfumo eka ku cinca vito kuya eka Interlingue yi humelerile hi 1949 naswona yi pasisiwile hi nseketelo wa 91 wa tiphesente, leswi endleke leswaku vito ra ximfumo ra Interlingue, laha Interlingue (Occidental) na yona yi pfumeleriweke, kusukela hi September 1949.

Ku sungula ka Interlingua hi 1951 ku tsanise Interlingue-Occidental, leyi ku fikela kwalaho a yi nga ri na ntlhontlho eka xiyenge xa ​​tindzimi to pfuneta leti kunguhatiweke hi ntumbuluko. Ndlela leyi Vĕra Barandovská-Frank a yi langutaka ha yona hi xiyimo lexi hi nkarhi wolowo a yi ri hi ndlela leyi landzelaka (yi hundzuluxeriwe ku suka eka Xiesperanto):
: Eka xiyenge xa ​​tindzimi leti kunguhatiweke ta ntumbuluko Occidental-Interlingue ku fikela hi nkarhi wolowo a yi nga kanetiwi (ngopfu-ngopfu endzhaku ka rifu ra Otto Jespersen, mutsari wa Novial), tanihi leswi tiphurojeke hinkwato letintshwa a ti ri ekusuhi ni ku tekelela yona. Leswi a swi tirha na le ka Interlingua, kambe swi fambe na xihlamusela-marito xa marito ya 27 000 lexi hlanganisiweke hi vativi va tindzimi va xiphurofexinali lexi tiseke xichavo lexikulu, hambileswi hi ku ya hi nawu a xi tiyisisa ntsena ndlela leyi De Wahl a yi sunguleke. [...] Eka swiyimo leswi matshalatshala ya Ric Berger yo rhurhela vatirhisi hinkwavo va Interlingue hi vunyingi eInterlingua de IALA a ya hlamarisa. Vugwinehi bya yena byi vange ku kanakana na ku kavanyeteka eka swirhendzevutani swa Interlingue, ngopfungopfu endzhaku ka loko a nghenelerile eka ku kandziyisiwa ka &quot;Revista de Interlingua&quot;. Mianakanyo ya khale ya ku hlanganisiwa ka ntumbuluko ka tindzimi leti hatimbirhi yi kombisiwile yi nga ri ya xiviri, laha ririmi lerintshwa ri hundzukeke muphikizani.

Don Harlow hi ku fanana u katsakanya lembe ra 1951 ra Occidental:
: Interlingua a yi ri na xifundzha lexi lunghekeleke ku endliwa. Kwalomu ka makume nharhu wa malembe ya hundzile kusukela loko ku tumbuluxiwile Occidental, leyi matimba ya yona eka misava ya &quot;naturalistic&quot; ya sivele tiphurojeke tin'wana ta &quot;naturalistic&quot; ku hluvukisa mafambelo ya tona. Kambe nyeleti ya Occidental a yi hungutekile ku sukela enyimpini. Sweswi, ku fana na boluti ku suka eka blue, ku tile nyiko leyi yi rhumeriweke etilweni: ririmi lerintshwa leri akiweke hambi ku ri &quot;naturalistic&quot; ku tlula Occidental. Ku nga khathariseki matshalatshala ya vaseketeri va diehard va Occidental ku sivela leswi nga papalatekiki — xikombiso, hi tindlela to fana na ku thya ririmi ra vona vito ra Interlingue — vunyingi bya va-Occidentalis lava saleke va endle riendzo ro koma ro ya eka ndhawu yo kwetsima ya Interlingua.

=== Ku yima na ku pfuxetiwa ===
[[File:Cosmoglotta_325.jpg|thumb|Nkandziyiso wa 325 wa ''Cosmoglotta'' wa nkarhi wa Ndzhati ku ya eka Dzivamisoko 2019.]]
Nkandziyiso wa 325 wa ''Cosmoglotta'' wa nkarhi wa Ndzhati ku ya eka Dzivamisoko 2019.
Loko ku rhurha ka vatirhisi vo tala swinene eInterlingua ku tsanise Interlingue swinene, ku hunguteka loku landzeleke ka ntirho a ku ri hakatsongo-tsongo naswona ku humelerile eka makume ya malembe. Cosmoglotta B yi tshike ku kandziyisiwa endzhaku ka 1950, naswona nhlayo ya Cosmoglotta A yi sungule ku hunguteka hakatsongo-tsongo: kan’we eka n’hweti yin’wana ni yin’wana ya vumbirhi ku sukela hi 1952, ivi endzhaku kan’we hi kotara ku sukela hi 1963. Tibulletin tin’wana eka Interlingue ti ye emahlweni ti humelela hi nkarhi lowu to tanihi Cive del Munde (Switzerland). ), Voce de Praha (Czechoslovakia), Sved Mutivi wa Tindzimi (Sweden), Memorandamu ya Matiko ya Misava (United Kingdom), Novas ya Tindzimi ta le Xikarhi (Furwa), Jurnale Scolari ya Matiko ya Misava (Furwa), Buletine Pedagogic ya Matiko ya Misava (Furwa), Super li Frontieras (Furwa), Tindzimi ta le Xikarhi -Postillon (1958, Jarimani), Novas de Oriente (1958, Japani), Amicitie ya le yuropa (1959, Switzerland), Teorie e practica (Switzerland-Czechoslovakia, 1967), na Novas eInterlingue (Czechoslovakia, 1971). Barandovská-Frank a a pfumela leswaku ku hunguteka ka ku tsakela eka Occidental-Interlingue ku humelerile hi ku fambisana ni ku dyuhala ka xitukulwana lexi sunguleke ku kokiwa eka xona ku suka eka tindzimi tin’wana leti kunguhatiweke:
: Vunyingi bya lava a va tsakela Interlingue a va ri va xitukulwana lexi nga tolovelana hi ku landzelelana na Volapük, Esperanto na Ido, endzhakunyana va kume ntlhantlho wa vuxongi swinene (hi xiviri wa ntumbuluko) eka Occidental-Interlingue. Votala endzhaku va rhurhele eka Interlingua ya IALA, leyi hambiswiritano yinga tikombi yi humelela swinene hambi leswi masungulo ya yona ya sayense yanga endla leswaku kuva na mavonelo, naswona lava ava tshama vatshembekile eka Occidental-Interlingue ava humelelanga ku hundzisela ku hisekela ka vona eka xitukulwana lexintshwa.

Ntirho eka Interlingue wu fikelele xiyimo xa le hansi hi malembe ya va 1980 na le ku sunguleni ka malembe ya va 1990, loko ku kandziyisiwa ka Cosmoglotta ku yimile ku ringana malembe ma nga ri mangani. Loko nkandziyiso wa 269 wu kandziyisiwile hi 1972 endzhaku ko kandziyisiwa kan’we hi nguva exikarhi ka 1963, nkandziyiso wa 289 a wu fikeleriwanga ku fikela hi ximumu xa 2000 hi xiringaniso xa nkandziyiso lowu nga ehansi ka wun’we hi lembe. Hi ku ya hi Harlow, &quot;hi 1985 nkandziyiso wo hetelela wa nkarhi na nkarhi wa Occidental, Cosmoglotta, wu tshike ku kandziyisiwa, naswona muhleri ​​wa wona, Nkulukumba Adrian Pilgrim, u tshahiwile tanihi loyi a hlamuseleke Occidental tanihi ‘ririmi leri feke.’” Endzhaku ka khume ra malembe, filimi ya tidokhumentari hi 1994 hi Steve Hawley na Steyger eka tindzimi leti kunguhatiweke va tivise xivulavuri xa Interlingue Donald Gasper tanihi &quot;un'wana wa vavulavuri vo hetelela lava saleke va ririmi ra Occidental&quot;.

Hilaha swi veke hakona eka tindzimi tin’wana leti kunguhatiweke, ku fika ka Internet ku hlohlotele ku pfuxetiwa ka Interlingue. Hi lembe ra 1999 ku sungule Yahoo! Group in Occidental yi simekiwile, Cosmoglotta a yi sungurile ku kandziyisa hi ku tsekatseka nakambe, naswona ririmi leri ri hundzuke mhaka ya mbulavurisano eka tibuku ta tindzimi to pfuneta. Xikombiso xin’wana i The Esperanto Book leyi humesiweke hi 1995 hi Harlow, loyi a tsaleke leswaku Occidental a yi kandziyisa hi vomu swivumbeko swa le Yuropa ni leswaku van’wana va valandzeri va yona lavakulu va seketele filosofi ya Eurocentric, leyi nga ha vaka yi sivele ku hangalaka ka yona. Hambi swi ri tano, vonelo leri hambaneke na rona a ri tolovelekile emugangeni naswona Occidental yi kume valandzeri ematikweni yo tala ku katsa ni matiko ya le Asia. Wikipedia ya Interlingue yi pasisiwile hi 2004. Emalembeni ya sweswinyana minhlangano ya ximfumo ya swivulavuri swa Interlingue yi tlhele yi sungula: yin’wana eUlm hi 2013, yin’wana eMunich hi 2014 leyi nga na vatekaxiave vanharhu, na ya vunharhu eUlm hi lembe leri landzelaka na ntlhanu.

Nkandziyiso wa sweswinyana wa Cosmoglotta i vholumo 328, ya nkarhi wo sukela hi July ku ya eka December 2021.

Malembe ya sweswinyana ya kombisile tibuku letintshwa leti kandziyisiweke eka Interlingue to tanihi Hosana Leyitsongo, Evhangeli ya Marka, Salute, Jonathan!, na tibuku ta Vicente Costalago: Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas, Antologie hispan, na Fabules, racontas e mites .

== Ku olova ka ku dyondza ==
Tanihi ririmi ro pfuneta ra matiko ya misava, ku olova ku dyondza hi ku tirhisa ku huma ka nkarhi na nkarhi na ntivomarito lowu tiviwaka a ku ri nsinya wa nawu wa nkoka eka ku tumbuluxiwa ka Occidental. Cosmoglotta a yi tala ku kombisa mapapila lama humaka eka vatirhisi lavantshwa ni khale ka vatirhisi va tindzimi tin’wana ta matiko hinkwawo (ngopfu-ngopfu Xiesperanto na Ido) leswi tiyisekisaka ku olova ka ririmi leri. Vatirhisi lavantshwa va kombisile vutivi bya vona bya ririmi hi ku hatlisa, naswona vatirhisi va ririmi ro pfuneta lava nga na ntokoto va avelane ntokoto wa vona. Hikuva vatirhisi vo tala va ririmi leri a va hlanganile na rona endzhaku ko dyondza XiEsperanto ro sungula, rungula ra ku dyondza ririmi leri eka lava nga riki na ntokoto eka tindzimi tin’wana leti pfunaka ta matiko hinkwawo ra kayivela. Ku ringeta kun’wana ko kumisisa nkarhi wo dyondza ku endliwe hi malembe ya 1956 ku ya eka 1957 exikolweni xa le henhla xa Khatoliki ya le Switzerland (gymnasium) eDisentis hi nkarhi lowu lavekaka ku dyondza ririmi. Xikambelo lexi xi kombise leswaku swichudeni leswi hlanganyeleke eka nkambisiso lowu, leswi a swi ri ni ntokoto wa khale wa Xifurwa, Xilatini ni Xigriki, swi ve ni vutshila eka Interlingue leyi tsariweke ni leyi vulavuriwaka endzhaku ka tiawara ta 30 ta dyondzo.

[[Category:Interlingue]]</text>
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'''Edgar Alexei Robert von Wahl''' kumbe '''de Wahl''' (23 Nhlangula 1867 – 9 Dzivamisoko 1948) a ari mudyondzisi wa Xijarimani xa Baltic, mutivi wa tinhlayo na mutivi wa tindzimi. U dume ngopfu hi ku va muvumbi wa [[Interlingue]] (leyi tivekaka tanihi ''Occidental'' evuton’wini bya yena hinkwabyo), ririmi leri akiweke hi ntumbuluko leri sekeriweke eka tindzimi ta Indo-European, leri sunguleke ku kandziyisiwa hi 1922.

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      <text bytes="557" sha1="fmqykbga2xo40g3ob2ni4hxhym4tw9d" xml:space="preserve">'''Ririmi ro pfuneta ra matiko ya misava''' i [[ririmi]] leri endleriweke ku vulavurisana exikarhi ka vanhu lava humaka eka matiko hinkwawo yo hambana, lava nga avelani [[Ririmi ro sungula|ririmi ro sungula]] leri fanaka. Ririmi ro pfuneta ngopfungopfu i [[Ririmi ra matiko mambe|ririmi ra matiko mambe]] naswona hakanyingi i ririmi leri akiweke. Mhaka leyi yi fambelana kambe yi hambanile na mianakanyo ya lingua franca (kumbe ririmi leri lawulaka) leri vanhu va faneleke ku ri tirhisa ku vulavurisana.

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{{navbox generic
| name      = Mopani District Municipality
| title     = Masipala wa xifundza xa [[Mopani District Municipality]], [[Limpopo]]
| bodyclass = hlist
| image     = [[File:Map of South Africa with Mopani highlighted (2016).svg|75x75px]]
| state     = {{{state|autocollapse}}}

| above = District seat: '''[[Giyani]]'''
| group1 = [[Masipala xa Ba-Phalaborwa|Ba-Phalaborwa]]
| list1  = [[Ben Farm]] • [[Ga-Makhushane]] • [[Ga-Mashishimale]] • [[Ga-Selwana]] • [[Gravelotte]] • [[Humulani]] • [[Leydsdorp]] • [[Lulekani]] • [[Mahale]] • [[Majeje]] • [[Maseke]] • [[Murchison, Limpopo|Murchison]] • [[Namakgale]] • [[Nondweni]] • [[Phalaborwa]] • [[Priska-Majeje]] • [[Vuyelani]]

| group2 = [[Masipala xa Greater Giyani|Greater Giyani]]
| list2  = [[Ghandlanani]] • [[Giyani]] • [[Hlopekani]] • [[KaDizingidzingi]] • [[KaDzumeri]] • [[KaGaula]] • [[KaNhlaneki]] • [[KaHomu]] • [[KaMakhuva]] • [[KaMakosha]] • [[KaMapayeni]] • [[KaMininginisi]] • [[KaMpakani]] • [[KaNdengeza]] • [[KaNghalalume]] • [[KaNgove]] • [[KaNkomo]] • [[KaNwadzekudzeku]] • [[KaNwamakena]] • [[KaSabulane]] • [[KaSiandana]] • [[KaSikhunyane]] • [[KaXikukwani]] • [[Mageva]] • [[Muyexe]] • [[Namenwamarhanga]] • [[Shimange]] • [[Shivulani]] • [[Skhiming]] • [[Sifasonke]] • [[Thomo]] • [[Xawela]]

| group3 = [[Masipala xa Greater Letaba|Greater Letaba]]
| list3  = [[Bellevue, Limpopo|Bellevue]] • [[Buqa]] • [[Ga-Abele]] • [[Ga-Kgapane]] • [[GaPhooko]] • [[Modjadji Head Kraal]] • [[Modjadjiskloof]] • [[Phongololo]] • [[Rotterdam, Limpopo|Rotterdam]] 

| group4 = [[Masipala xa Greater Tzaneen|Greater Tzaneen]]
| list4  = [[Bordeaux, Limpopo|Bordeaux]] • [[Burgersdorp, Limpopo|Burgersdorp]] • [[Dwarsfontein]] • [[Haenertsburg]] • [[Julesburg]] • [[Lenyenye]] • [[Letsitele]] • [[Nkowankowa]] • [[Politsi]] • [[Sangoma, Limpopo|Sangoma]] • [[Shiluvane]] • [[Tzaneen]]

| group5 = [[Masipala xa Maruleng|Maruleng]]
| list5  = [[Balloon, Limpopo|Balloon]] • [[Bismark, Limpopo|Bismark]] • [[Butchwana]] • [[Calais, Limpopo|Calais]] • [[Enable, Limpopo|Enable]] • [[Finale, Limpopo|Finale]] • [[Hoedspruit]] • [[Hlohlokwe]] • [[Kampersrus, Limpopo|Kampersrus]] • [[Kanana, Maruleng|Kanana]] • [[Lorraine, Limpopo|Lorraine]] • [[Makgaung]] • [[Mamietja]] • [[Mathlomelong]] • [[Metz, Limpopo|Metz]] • [[Moetladimo]] • [[Molalane]] • [[Moshate, Maruleng|Moshate]] • [[Ofcolaco]] • [[Sadawa]] • [[Sandton, Limpopo|Sandton]] • [[Sefikeng]] • [[Shikwane]] • [[Sofaya]] • [[The Oaks, Limpopo|The Oaks]] • [[The Willows, Limpopo|The Willows]] • [[Turkey, Limpopo|Turkey]] • [[Worcester, Limpopo|Worcester]]
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Mahale''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 93 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963004 |title = Main Place Mahale |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;  == Mintshaho == {{Reflist}}  {{Mopani District Municipality}} Cate...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="515" sha1="ttw8rsi6qqjtiobz31cvwvy1dvu90we" xml:space="preserve">'''Mahale''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 93 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963004 |title = Main Place Mahale |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="515" sha1="0taaw05amk4e5rrbk9qvuvtyimxtfiy" xml:space="preserve">'''Majeje''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 93 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963008 |title = Main Place Majeje |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
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      <text bytes="515" sha1="l0o9y87zial1uuw88i6h1cvxxpzyyqd" xml:space="preserve">'''Maseke''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 93 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963015 |title = Main Place Maseke |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Nondweni''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 93 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963005 |title = Main Place Nondweni |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;  == Mintshaho == {{Reflist}}  {{Mopani District Municipality}} ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="519" sha1="dn2mgz3rro67yg7096gywd5gp0329pt" xml:space="preserve">'''Nondweni''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 93 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963005 |title = Main Place Nondweni |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>dn2mgz3rro67yg7096gywd5gp0329pt</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Priska-Majeje</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Priska-Majeje''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 86 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra [[Giyani]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963001 |title = Main Place Priska-Majeje |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;  == Mintshaho == {{Reflist}}  {{Mopani District Municipality}} Categor...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="512" sha1="n8hzbyi4ypxmp41yvh3xzcnldaqk3jt" xml:space="preserve">'''Priska-Majeje''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 86 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra [[Giyani]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963001 |title = Main Place Priska-Majeje |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
      <sha1>n8hzbyi4ypxmp41yvh3xzcnldaqk3jt</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Vuyelani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6725</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36694</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-09T13:05:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>3247</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Vuyelani''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 93 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963016 |title = Main Place Vuyelani |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;  == Mintshaho == {{Reflist}}  {{Mopani District Municipality}} ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="519" sha1="6uwrrsxa14hq506w9h5auc032r6s0z5" xml:space="preserve">'''Vuyelani''' i muti lowu kumekaka e ka [[masipala wa xifundza xa Mopani]] e xifundzeni-nkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e [[Afrika Dzonga]]. Muti lowu wule kule hi 93 wa tikhilomitara kusuka e dzongeni bya vuxa bya doroba ra [[Tzaneen]] e patwini ra  R36 ro ya e [[Phalaborwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/963016 |title = Main Place Vuyelani |work=Census 2011}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mopani District Municipality}}
[[Category:Miti ya masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Manganyi</title>
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      <timestamp>2023-11-27T10:26:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>164.151.227.2</ip>
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      <text bytes="201" sha1="jwyxln98denmrrmvxza6gfe6y6c2ygz" xml:space="preserve">Vaka Magoda Va n'wa riphindi ro Pasa homu Na rhole riku moo!

Va huma eLimpopo.
Vana Ni tiko ra vona &quot;Ka Manganyi&quot; eku suhi nale EGiyani

Xivongo lexi ahi xama Tsonga ntsena Ni ma Zulu maxi [[tirhisa]]</text>
      <sha1>jwyxln98denmrrmvxza6gfe6y6c2ygz</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Benny Manyengani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6730</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36730</id>
      <parentid>36721</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T10:38:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Teeteeforlife</username>
        <id>8866</id>
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      <text bytes="632" sha1="1mm6qd1fle0ss46dayzr9g6l8x1mm4b" xml:space="preserve">Benny Skheto [[Baloyi]] (U beburiwile 11 Sunguti 1978) loyi a tevikaka tani hi Benny Manyengani I qhambi ya mutsonga wale [[Afrika dzonga]]. U tivekile hi album ya wena ya Tiba Ben leyi Yi nga humesiwa hi lembe ra 2011. Hi lembe ra 2021 Mawuwani a humesa album ya [[Malambani]]


|Vito                = Benny Manyengani

|Vito ro beburiwa    = Benny Skheto Baloyi

|Siku to beburiwa    = {{11 Sunguti 1978  

|Ndhawu yo beburiwa  = [[Bolobedu]], Xifundza-nkulu Xa Limpopo, Afrika dzonga 

|Ndhawu wa vu tshamo = [[Shawela]]

|Genre              
*Tsonga music
*Disco
*Tsonga rap.

Ntirho , vuyimbeleri

Malembe a Kari a tira 2011-</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Malambani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6731</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36731</id>
      <parentid>36729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T10:41:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Teeteeforlife</username>
        <id>8866</id>
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      <comment>Added content</comment>
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      <text bytes="167" sha1="dc1fh7hwfmzcu16ca36s00wrddtlmmd" xml:space="preserve">Tiko Ra kahina I album leyi Yi nga humesiwa hi [[Benny Manyengani]] hi lembe ra Mawuwani 2021

*Ganga mina
*Mahinyahinya
*Xibekarani
*Nkata
*Ganga Mina
*Tiko Ra kahina</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mahlaule</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6736</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36757</id>
      <timestamp>2022-09-08T23:21:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>198.54.66.70</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Mahlaule i mapengo na homu khoveni, va ka homu ya ntima nhlampfi ncila a va dyi i mahlaule lo wo hlawula ndluwa a siya hove&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="123" sha1="3he1mpq7cvkw9hckc4b5k0p5q8ecjut" xml:space="preserve">Mahlaule i mapengo na homu khoveni, va ka homu ya ntima nhlampfi ncila a va dyi i mahlaule lo wo hlawula ndluwa a siya hove</text>
      <sha1>3he1mpq7cvkw9hckc4b5k0p5q8ecjut</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:GrowthMentors.json</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-10-26T13:17:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki default</username>
        <id>61</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Migrate wikitext mentor list to a structured form ([[:phab:T264343]])</comment>
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    &quot;Mentors&quot;: []
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  <page>
    <title>IShowSpeed</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6748</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41544</id>
      <parentid>39504</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-16T09:32:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-23582-18</username>
        <id>12671</id>
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      <comment>s</comment>
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      <text bytes="1754" sha1="i4ohe0j48j2p1mdefwhpr15hroad5u2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:IShowSpeed at Chinatown (Portrait) 04.jpg|thumb|upright|IShowSpeed]]
{{Bio}}
'''IShowSpeed''' (u velekiwe hi ti 21 Sunguti 2005, eCincinnati, eOhio) i mutirhi wa [[YouTube|youtuber]] ya le [[Amerikha]]. Leyi swilo swa yona swi sekeriweke eka tivhidiyo ta vuhungasi na vuhungasi leti fambelanaka na mintlangu ya tivhidiyo na ndhavuko wa [[inthaneti]]. Ku duma lokukulu ka Watkins eka YouTube na ku hlanganisiwa lokukulu ka swihangalasamahungu swi ns’wi endle un’wana wa vatumbuluxi va swilo leswi nga na nkucetelo swinene na vumunhu lebyi humaka eka inthanete. Hambi leswi a ri munhu loyi a nga na njhekanjhekisano hikwalaho ka swiphiqo swa yena swa nawu leswi a swi hangalasiwa ngopfu, u kombisiwile eka swihangalasamahungu tani hi munhu loyi a rhangelaka eka YouTube. Hi lembe ra 2022, webusayiti ya Kotaku yi n'wi hlamuserile tani hi &quot;un'wana wa va-streamer lava xiyekaka swinene na lava kulaka hi xihatla&quot; eka pulatifomo ya audiovisual.

U velekiwile no kurisiwa eCincinnati, eAmerikha, Watkins u tsarisile akhawunti ya yena ya &quot;IShowSpeed&quot; hi 2019, ngopfu ngopfu a uploading action video game gameplay. Xitichi xa yena xi vile na ku kula lokukulu eka malembe lama landzeleke, ku va yin’wana ya tichanele leti kulaka hi xihatla hi 2022. Xitayili xa yena xa swilo xi hangalakile eka ti vlog, mintlangu, na tivhidiyo ta vuyimbeleri, xi ya xi va ehansi ka njhekanjhekisano eka inthanete the media. Ku sukela hi December 2022, xitichi xa yena xi na ku tlula 14.7 wa timiliyoni ta vaxavisi naswona xi vile na 1 wa tibiliyoni ta swivono hinkwaswo.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Commons}}
[[Category:Vanhu]]
{{Lifetime|2005||IShowSpeed}}

[[Category: Vatsari]]
[[Category: Vatsari va Xitsonga]]
[[Category: Mathicara]]
[[Category: Tinqambhi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 2005</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6749</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36850</id>
      <timestamp>2022-12-25T15:37:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aleluya2022</username>
        <id>9284</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:Lava velekiweke]]&quot;</comment>
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      <sha1>ewdkn9vbz078r6kldkexxu31umeracu</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nkaju</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6751</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36866</id>
      <parentid>36864</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-05T19:09:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>36866</origin>
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      <text bytes="2533" sha1="j3m1q9b5ncy7gec2ww2kn0zsxeks5gm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nkaju
| title                      = 
| image                      = 
[[File:Anacardium occidentale tree.jpg||250px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = [[Makaju]]
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Mafurha]]{{·}}[[Manga-Kaju]]
}}
[[File:Cashew Apple.jpg|thumb|right|Makaju yo vupfa|250px]]
[[File:Cashew nuts.JPG|thumb|right|Timanga-kaji leti oxiweke|250px]]

'''''Nkaju''''', ('''Anacardium occidentale''') i nsinya lowu kumekaka ngopfu e, khwati-mpfula e tikweni-nklu ra Dzonga wa Amerika naswona wuthlela wu tiveka ngopfu ematikweni yo hlaya ya Afrika.&lt;ref name=morton&gt;{{cite book|url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/cashew_apple.html|title=Cashew apple, ''Anacardium occidentale'' L.|publisher=Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN|work=Fruits of warm climates, Julia F. Morton|isbn=978-0-9610184-1-2|year=1987|author=Morton, Julia F|author-link=Julia Morton|pages=239–240|access-date=18 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315023810/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/index.html|archive-date=15 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cabi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=''Anacardium occidentale'' (cashew nut) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/5064 |publisher=CABI |access-date=8 May 2021 |date=20 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsinya lowu wu kula wu thlela wu leha ku fikela khume-mune (14) wa timitara, kasi yin'wana yi anamisa marhavi ya wona. Mbhanzu wa nsinya lowu i makaju na timanga-kaju.

Hi lembe ra 2019, ku tshoveriwe kwalomu ka mune wa timiliyoni ta ntiko wa tithani ta tikaju, laha matiko ya [[Ivory Coast]] na [[Indiya]] marhangeleke ntshovelo. Swimatana swa swiphamba swa timanga-kaju swi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka mafurha ya michini, swisivela mati, pende na swibulusa.&lt;ref&gt;Jostock, &quot;Cashew Industry&quot;, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; Makaju yana muvala wotshuka kumbe xitshopana na swona mati ya mbhandzu lowu ma tirhiseriwa ku endla byala byo tsokotsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;duke&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author1=James A Duke |title=''Anacardium occidentale'' L. |url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Anacardium_occidentale.html |publisher=Handbook of Energy Crops. (unpublished); In: NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University |access-date=10 December 2019 |date=1983}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>j3m1q9b5ncy7gec2ww2kn0zsxeks5gm</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nkonono</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <redirect title="Nkonolo" />
    <revision>
      <id>36926</id>
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        <username>DNdubane (WMF)</username>
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      <comment>DNdubane (WMF) moved page [[Nkonono]] to [[Nkonolo]]: Corrected name</comment>
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      <text bytes="21" sha1="0k4qx0tbes4nh7p99mme1ofy2dgqsqb" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Nkonolo]]</text>
      <sha1>0k4qx0tbes4nh7p99mme1ofy2dgqsqb</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nhlangulane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6755</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36933</id>
      <parentid>36932</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-01-21T12:33:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <text bytes="1541" sha1="gey058roczyjstkki4l3ejm96v8ahs7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Nsinya
| name                       = Nhlangulane
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[Image:Euclea natalensis subsp natalensis, blare, eMakhosini.jpg||250px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = [[Vulombe]]
}}

'''''Nhlangulane''''', i wun'wana wa muxaka wa swimilani leswi kumekaka e tikweni-nkulu ra Afrika. Wu kumeka ku suka [[Topiya|eTopiya]] na [[Somalia|Somaliya]] en'walungwini wa tiko-nkulu, na le dzongeni ku ya eVupela-dyambu bya Kapa e Afrika Dzonga. wu na vulombe naswona wu na vuluva.&lt;ref name=not&gt;{{cite web |last1=Notten |first1=Alice |title=Euclea natalensis A.DC. |url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/eucleanatal.htm |website=PlantZAfrica.com |publisher=SANBI |date=February 2010 |accessdate=18 November 2014 |archive-date=15 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515021154/http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/eucleanatal.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matluka ya yona yo khwanyala ya hluka ya furhalelana, naswona swiluva swa wona swi huma e kusunguleni ka matluka. Mihandzu yawona ya xirhendzevutana yi vekela ku sukela hi Nhlanguala ku fikela hi n'wheti ya Khotavuxika.&lt;ref name=tc&gt;{{cite web |title=Euclea natalensis - Natal Guarri |date = 1 April 2009 |url=http://treeco-treeco.blogspot.com/2009/04/euclea-natalensis-natal-guarri.html |website=TreeCo |accessdate=18 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya]]
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>gey058roczyjstkki4l3ejm96v8ahs7</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndzhole</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6757</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2024-02-25T00:10:44Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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| name                       = Ndzhole
| title                      = 
| image                      = [[Image:Mimusops_caffra_large.JPG||250px]]
| caption                    = [[Category:Minsinya]]
| Mbanzu                     = 
| Switirhisiwa               = 
}}
[[File:Mimusops_caffra_new_leaves.JPG|thumb|Matluka ya Ndzhole]]
[[File:Mimusops_caffra_green_fruit.JPG|thumb|Mbhanzu wa Ndzhole]]

'''''Ndzhole''''' i muxaka wa nsinya  lowu kumeka eka swimilani swa le ribuweni ra Afrika Dzonga ku suka e Kapa Vuxa, ku ya eKwaZulu-Natal ku ya edzongeni wa [[Muzambhiki|Mozambhiki]].

== Nhlamuselo ==
''Hintolovelo, Ndzhole'' i nsinya lowutsongo ku ya eka wa le xikarhi loko wu ringanisiwa na minsinya yin'wana. Nsinya lowu hakanyingi wu ni marhavi ya swiphambati lama soholotiweke ya muvala wo kwalala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lemmens&quot;&gt;Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (2005).&lt;/ref&gt; Mirhi leyi yi nga kula yi fika kwalomu ka 15 kuya ka 25 wa [[Mitara|timitara]] hi kuleha, kambe leyi kumekaka e ribuweni ra lwandle ra tindhundhuma, yi tala ku koma naswona yi nga tluli 5 wa timitara hi kuleha, naswona laha matluka ya kona ya tsanisiwa hi munyu na timheho ta lwandle.&lt;ref name=&quot;WWF&quot;&gt;World Wildlife Fund Staff. (2008). WWF Full Report: Maputaland coastal forest mosaic (AT0119).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lemmens&quot; /&gt; Yi nga ha va yi tele eka nhova leyi sirheleriweke endzhaku ka ndhawu ya le ribuweni, laha yi kulaka yi leha kufikela eka 20 wa timitara loko yi kuma nsirhelelo eka moya wa munyu laha makhwati ya kulaka ya funengeta hi ku leha ku fika kwalomu ka 30 wa timitara hi kuleha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lemmens&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WWF&quot; /&gt;

Matluka ya wona ya tsindziyela bya dzovo naswona i ya vurhendzevutana kumbe ya ololoka e manembeleleni. Matluka ya khale ya na muvala wa wasi kumbe rihlaza ehenhla naswona ma kwalarile ehansi. Matluka lamantsongo ya rihlaza ro vevuka.

Mihandzu ya kona i ya xirhendzevutana ku ya ka xirhendzhele, i yo tshwuka kumbe ya muvala wa xilamula loko yi vupfile. Mihandzu leyi yi na mafurha, ya tsokombela naswona yana mbewu yin'we ya ntima.&lt;ref name=&quot;PP&quot;&gt;Palmer, E. and N. Pitman. (1972).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkoka wa nsinya lowu eka mbangu ==
Mihandzu ya Ndzhole yi dyiwa hi vanhu, timfenhe, tihumba ta le nhoveni, na swinyenyana swo tala swa nhova.&lt;ref name=&quot;PP&quot;&gt;Palmer, E. and N. Pitman. (1972).&lt;/ref&gt; Mirhi leyi yi tirha ku tlakusa mfunengeto wa nhova eka swimilani swa le ribuweni, xisweswo yi pfumelela ndhawu na nsirhelelo eka swimilano swo olova. Xivumbeko lexi tiyeke xa mirhi leyi xi tlhela xi endla leswaku swimilana-tsavu swi kota ku khandziya.

== Xiyimo xa vuhlayiseki ==
''Ndzhole'' wu sirheleriwile (eAfrika Dzonga) hi ku landza nawu wa tiko wa makhwati wa 1998. Mirhi leyi sirheleriweke yi nga ka yi nga tsemiwi, yi kavanyetiwa, yi onhiwa kumbe ku herisiwa, naswona swibyariwa swa yona acswi hlengeletiwi, swi susiwa, swi tleketliwa, swi rhumeriwa, swi nyikeriwa, swi xaviwa kumbe swi xavisiwa, handle ka loko swi ri ehansi ka mpfumelelo lowu nyikiweke hi Ndzawulo ya Makhwati.&lt;ref&gt;South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). Webpage: PlantZAfrica. Accessed 2008. http://www.plantzafrica.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428021649/http://www.plantzafrica.com/ |date=2021-04-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Minsinya hi Xitsonga}}
[[Category:Minsinya hi Xitsonga]]
[[Category:Minsinya]]</text>
      <sha1>cad57j5h7z02oklvw04xmchx8124q90</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dzivamusoko 6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6760</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36980</id>
      <timestamp>2023-01-22T19:44:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Siku ra Lembe</comment>
      <origin>36980</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="213" sha1="m9s6a9bxbft9a4xsemcrol4o1mff7ax" xml:space="preserve">{{Siku ra Lembe}}

== Leswi endlekeke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Lava hundzeke e misaveni hi siku leri ==
* ...

== Masiku yo humula (Holiday) ==
* ...

{{Commons|April 6}}</text>
      <sha1>m9s6a9bxbft9a4xsemcrol4o1mff7ax</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1964</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6761</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36981</id>
      <timestamp>2023-01-22T19:53:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>tluka lerintshwa</comment>
      <origin>36981</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1044" sha1="q57n1mau6t9mjqklk3uso21b0w5as96" xml:space="preserve">Lembe ra '''1964''' (''Magidi-nwe, madzana-nkaye makume-tsevu na mune'') i lembe leri tolovekeke leri sunguleke hi Ravunharhu.

== Leswi endlekeke hi 1964 ==
=== Sunguti ===
* ...

=== Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu ===
* ...

=== Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi ===
* ...

=== Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani ===
* ...

=== Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati ===
* ...

=== Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri ===
* ...

=== N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava tswariweke hi 1964 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Lava loveke hi 1964 ==
=== Sunguti - Nyenyenyani ===
* ...

=== Nyenyankulu - Dzivamusoko ===
* ...

=== Mudyaxihi - Khotavuxika ===
* ...

=== Mawuwani - Mhawuri ===
* ...

=== Ndzhati - Nhlangula ===
* ...

=== Hukuri - N'wendzamhala ===
* ...

== Swikombo ==
* ...

== Swikombo swa le handle ==
* ...

[[Category:1964|1964]]</text>
      <sha1>q57n1mau6t9mjqklk3uso21b0w5as96</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1964</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6762</id>
    <revision>
      <id>36982</id>
      <timestamp>2023-01-22T20:01:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>tluka lerintshwa</comment>
      <origin>36982</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:1964</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6764</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37031</id>
      <timestamp>2023-01-25T09:57:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ku tumbuluxa xiyenge</comment>
      <origin>37031</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1953</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6767</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37064</id>
      <timestamp>2023-01-28T21:14:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GSShabangu</username>
        <id>9304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>tluka lerintshwa</comment>
      <origin>37064</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Manghozi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6780</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41302</id>
      <parentid>38465</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-01T12:29:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CoolarCole</username>
        <id>12488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;__LEAD_SECTION__&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339778302|Mango]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>41302</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3855" sha1="mptu47q6o4a1zg724m7v7jdo74eq1rx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Hapus_Mango.jpg|thumb|Mhandzu wa manghozi]]
'''Maghozi''' i mhandzu lowu dyiwaka naswona naswona nsinya wa wona wu kumeka ngopfu etindhzawuni leti ngana mpfula. Ku vuriwa leswaku yi sungule en'walungu - vupela - dyambu bya Myanmar, Bangladesh ni le n'walungu - vuxa bya [[Indiya]].&lt;ref name=Morton/&gt; Ku sukela eminkarhini ya khale ku ve ni mixaka yimbirhi ya mimpambukwa ya manguva lawa le Dzonga ni le Dzonga - vuxa bya [[Axiya|Asia]]: &quot; Muxaka wa manguva lawa&quot; ni &quot;swivandla swa le Dzonga - vuxa bya Asia.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuhn&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kuhn |first1=David N. |last2=Bally |first2=Ian S. E. |last3=Dillon |first3=Natalie L. |last4=Innes |first4=David |last5=Groh |first5=Amy M. |last6=Rahaman |first6=Jordon |last7=Ophir |first7=Ron |last8=Cohen |first8=Yuval |last9=Sherman |first9=Amir |title=Genetic Map of Mango: A Tool for Mango Breeding |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |date=20 April 2017 |volume=8 |pages=577}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Warschefsky&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Warschefsky |first1=Emily J. |last2=Wettberg |first2=Eric J. B. |title=Population genomic analysis of mango (''Mangifera indica'') suggests a complex history of domestication |journal=New Phytologist |date=June 2019 |volume=222 |issue=4 |pages=2023–2037}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emisaveni hinkwayo, ku na madzana yo hlaya ya tinxaka ta manghozi. Ku ya hi muxaka wa manghozi, mihandzu ya manghzio yi hambana hi vukulu, xivumbeko, ku tsokombela, muvala wa nhlonge, lowu nga vaka wa [[xitshopana]], nsuku, wa rihlaza, kumbe wa xilamula.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morton&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Morton|first=Julia Frances|date=1987 |title=Mango. In: Fruits of Warm Climates |publisher=NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops &amp; Plant Products, Purdue University |pages=221–239 |url=https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mango_ars.html|isbn=978-0-9610184-1-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manghozi i muhandzu wa tiko ra India, Pakistan na Philippines,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pakistani mango: The king of fruits | date = 13 August 2019 | url = https://www.arabnews.com/node/1539616/world | publisher = ArabNews}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mangoes In The Philippines|url=https://croplife.org/news-views/sharing-the-story/mangoes-from-the-philippines/|website=CropLife}}&lt;/ref&gt; kasi nsinya wa manghozi i nsinya wa tiko ra Bangladesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;bdnews24.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2010/11/15/mango-tree-national-tree |title=Mango tree, national tree |date=15 November 2010 |access-date=16 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;


'''Mangwa''' i mihandzu lowu wu makeke ku fana na ribye, lowu dyiwaka, lowu wu tswariwaka hi nsinya wa le tindhawini to hisa lowu ''vuriwaka nsinya wa mangwa'' . Wu sungule eka xiyenge xa le n’walungu-vuxa bya tiko kulu ra India, laha sweswi ku vuriwaka Bangladesh, en’walungu-vuxa bya India na Myanmar.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Warschefsky&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=2023–2037}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Mangwa'' wu byariwa eDzongeni nale Dzonga-vuxa bya Asia kusukela khale, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na tinxaka timbirhi ta mimangwa ya mirhandzavula ta manguva lawa: tinxaka ta &quot;Indian&quot; na &quot;Souteast Asian&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kuhn&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Warschefsky&quot; /&gt; Tinxaka tin'wana eka muxaka wa ''Mangifera'' na tona ti humesa mihandzu leyi dyiwaka leyi vuriwaka &quot;mangoes,&quot; leyi vunyingi bya yona yi kumekaka eka mixaka ya Malesian . &lt;ref name=&quot;Sherman&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=277}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuna madzana yo hlaya ya tinxaka mimangwa emisaveni hinkwayo. Kuya hi rixaka, mihandzu ya mango ya hambana hi vukulu, xivumbeko, ku nandziha, muhlovo wa le handlw na muhlovo wa le ndzeni, leswi va ngakaka muhlovo wotshuka , nsuku, rihlaza kumbe wa xilamula. &lt;ref name=&quot;Morton&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=221–239}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mango i mihandzu ya tiko ra [[Indiya|India]], Pakistan, na Philippines,   kasi nsinya wa mango i nsinya wa tiko ra Bangladesh. 

 
== Swiyelanisi ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}</text>
      <sha1>mptu47q6o4a1zg724m7v7jdo74eq1rx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ISBN</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6781</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37103</id>
      <parentid>37102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-02-10T10:15:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1136764742|ISBN]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37103</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="786" sha1="q1obta7l0vmfsu055zi2vmcxy83vid0" xml:space="preserve">
 

'''ISBN ('''International Standard Book Number) i '''nomboro ya buku ya''' bindzu leyi kunguhateriweke ku va yo hlawuleka.[lower-alpha 1][lower-Alpha 2] Vakandziyisi va xava kumbe ku amukela '''ISBNs''' eka xirho xa International ISBN Agency.

ISBN yi averiwa eka nkandziyiso wun'wana na wun'wana lowu hambaneke na ku hambana (handle ka ku kandziyisiwa nakambe) ka nkandziyiso. Hi xikombiso, e-book, paperback na hardcover edition ya buku yin'we yi ta va na nomboro ya ISBN yo hambana. ISBN yi lehe tinomboro ta khume loko yi averiwa emahlweni ka 2007, naswona tinomboro ti lehe tinharhu loko yi averiwe hi kumbe endzhaku ka 1 January 2007. Endlelo ro nyika ISBN i ra tiko naswona ri hambana hi ku ya hi matiko, hakanyingi swi ya hi vukulu bya bindzu ro kandziyisa endzeni ka tiko.</text>
      <sha1>q1obta7l0vmfsu055zi2vmcxy83vid0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>International Standard Book Number</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6782</id>
    <redirect title="ISBN" />
    <revision>
      <id>37104</id>
      <timestamp>2023-02-10T10:17:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ISBN]]</comment>
      <origin>37104</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18" sha1="5kvxfpj440nc6hixpqewmfjfvqo0u4s" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ISBN]]</text>
      <sha1>5kvxfpj440nc6hixpqewmfjfvqo0u4s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Protection banner</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6783</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37108</id>
      <timestamp>2023-02-12T12:17:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module implements {{pp-meta}} and its daughter templates such as -- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} and {{pp-sock}}.  -- Initialise necessary modules. require('strict') local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')  -- Lazily initialise modules and...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37108</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="26018" sha1="g1esh5v0eq6i86pqpylkdm09loryn3e" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{pp-meta}} and its daughter templates such as
-- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} and {{pp-sock}}.

-- Initialise necessary modules.
require('strict')
local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main
local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main
local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')

-- Lazily initialise modules and objects we don't always need.
local getArgs, makeMessageBox, lang

-- Set constants.
local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Protection banner/config'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort)
	if cat then
		return string.format(
			'[[%s:%s|%s]]',
			mw.site.namespaces[14].name,
			cat,
			sort
		)
	end
end

-- Validation function for the expiry and the protection date
local function validateDate(dateString, dateType)
	if not lang then
		lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	end
	local success, result = pcall(lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', dateString)
	if success then
		result = tonumber(result)
		if result then
			return result
		end
	end
	error(string.format(
		'invalid %s: %s',
		dateType,
		tostring(dateString)
	), 4)
end

local function makeFullUrl(page, query, display)
	return string.format(
		'[%s %s]',
		tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(page, query)),
		display
	)
end

-- Given a directed graph formatted as node -&gt; table of direct successors,
-- get a table of all nodes reachable from a given node (though always
-- including the given node).
local function getReachableNodes(graph, start)
	local toWalk, retval = {[start] = true}, {}
	while true do
		-- Can't use pairs() since we're adding and removing things as we're iterating
		local k = next(toWalk) -- This always gets the &quot;first&quot; key
		if k == nil then
			return retval
		end
		toWalk[k] = nil
		retval[k] = true
		for _,v in ipairs(graph[k]) do
			if not retval[v] then
				toWalk[v] = true
			end
		end
	end
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Protection = {}
Protection.__index = Protection

Protection.supportedActions = {
	edit = true,
	move = true,
	autoreview = true,
	upload = true
}

Protection.bannerConfigFields = {
	'text',
	'explanation',
	'tooltip',
	'alt',
	'link',
	'image'
}

function Protection.new(args, cfg, title)
	local obj = {}
	obj._cfg = cfg
	obj.title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle()

	-- Set action
	if not args.action then
		obj.action = 'edit'
	elseif Protection.supportedActions[args.action] then
		obj.action = args.action
	else
		error(string.format(
			'invalid action: %s',
			tostring(args.action)
		), 3)
	end

	-- Set level
	obj.level = args.demolevel or effectiveProtectionLevel(obj.action, obj.title)
	if not obj.level or (obj.action == 'move' and obj.level == 'autoconfirmed') then
		-- Users need to be autoconfirmed to move pages anyway, so treat
		-- semi-move-protected pages as unprotected.
		obj.level = '*'
	end

	-- Set expiry
	local effectiveExpiry = effectiveProtectionExpiry(obj.action, obj.title)
	if effectiveExpiry == 'infinity' then
		obj.expiry = 'indef'
	elseif effectiveExpiry ~= 'unknown' then
		obj.expiry = validateDate(effectiveExpiry, 'expiry date')
	end

	-- Set reason
	if args[1] then
		obj.reason = mw.ustring.lower(args[1])
		if obj.reason:find('|') then
			error('reasons cannot contain the pipe character (&quot;|&quot;)', 3)
		end
	end

	-- Set protection date
	if args.date then
		obj.protectionDate = validateDate(args.date, 'protection date')
	end
	
	-- Set banner config
	do
		obj.bannerConfig = {}
		local configTables = {}
		if cfg.banners[obj.action] then
			configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.banners[obj.action][obj.reason]
		end
		if cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action] then
			configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action][obj.level]
			configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action].default
		end
		configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.masterBanner
		for i, field in ipairs(Protection.bannerConfigFields) do
			for j, t in ipairs(configTables) do
				if t[field] then
					obj.bannerConfig[field] = t[field]
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return setmetatable(obj, Protection)
end

function Protection:isUserScript()
	-- Whether the page is a user JavaScript or CSS page.
	local title = self.title
	return title.namespace == 2 and (
		title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css'
	)
end

function Protection:isProtected()
	return self.level ~= '*'
end

function Protection:shouldShowLock()
	-- Whether we should output a banner/padlock
	return self:isProtected() and not self:isUserScript()
end

-- Whether this page needs a protection category.
Protection.shouldHaveProtectionCategory = Protection.shouldShowLock

function Protection:isTemporary()
	return type(self.expiry) == 'number'
end

function Protection:makeProtectionCategory()
	if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then
		return ''
	end

	local cfg = self._cfg
	local title = self.title
	
	-- Get the expiry key fragment.
	local expiryFragment
	if self.expiry == 'indef' then
		expiryFragment = self.expiry
	elseif type(self.expiry) == 'number' then
		expiryFragment = 'temp'
	end

	-- Get the namespace key fragment.
	local namespaceFragment = cfg.categoryNamespaceKeys[title.namespace]
	if not namespaceFragment and title.namespace % 2 == 1 then
			namespaceFragment = 'talk'
	end

	-- Define the order that key fragments are tested in. This is done with an
	-- array of tables containing the value to be tested, along with its
	-- position in the cfg.protectionCategories table.
	local order = {
		{val = expiryFragment,    keypos = 1},
		{val = namespaceFragment, keypos = 2},
		{val = self.reason,       keypos = 3},
		{val = self.level,        keypos = 4},
		{val = self.action,       keypos = 5}
	}

	--[[
	-- The old protection templates used an ad-hoc protection category system,
	-- with some templates prioritising namespaces in their categories, and
	-- others prioritising the protection reason. To emulate this in this module
	-- we use the config table cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority to set the
	-- reasons for which namespaces have priority over protection reason.
	-- If we are dealing with one of those reasons, move the namespace table to
	-- the end of the order table, i.e. give it highest priority. If not, the
	-- reason should have highest priority, so move that to the end of the table
	-- instead.
	--]]
	table.insert(order, table.remove(order, self.reason and cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority[self.reason] and 2 or 3))
 
	--[[
	-- Define the attempt order. Inactive subtables (subtables with nil &quot;value&quot;
	-- fields) are moved to the end, where they will later be given the key
	-- &quot;all&quot;. This is to cut down on the number of table lookups in
	-- cfg.protectionCategories, which grows exponentially with the number of
	-- non-nil keys. We keep track of the number of active subtables with the
	-- noActive parameter.
	--]]
	local noActive, attemptOrder
	do
		local active, inactive = {}, {}
		for i, t in ipairs(order) do
			if t.val then
				active[#active + 1] = t
			else
				inactive[#inactive + 1] = t
			end
		end
		noActive = #active
		attemptOrder = active
		for i, t in ipairs(inactive) do
			attemptOrder[#attemptOrder + 1] = t
		end
	end
 
	--[[
	-- Check increasingly generic key combinations until we find a match. If a
	-- specific category exists for the combination of key fragments we are
	-- given, that match will be found first. If not, we keep trying different
	-- key fragment combinations until we match using the key
	-- &quot;all-all-all-all-all&quot;.
	--
	-- To generate the keys, we index the key subtables using a binary matrix
	-- with indexes i and j. j is only calculated up to the number of active
	-- subtables. For example, if there were three active subtables, the matrix
	-- would look like this, with 0 corresponding to the key fragment &quot;all&quot;, and
	-- 1 corresponding to other key fragments.
	-- 
	--   j 1  2  3
	-- i  
	-- 1   1  1  1
	-- 2   0  1  1
	-- 3   1  0  1
	-- 4   0  0  1
	-- 5   1  1  0
	-- 6   0  1  0
	-- 7   1  0  0
	-- 8   0  0  0
	-- 
	-- Values of j higher than the number of active subtables are set
	-- to the string &quot;all&quot;.
	--
	-- A key for cfg.protectionCategories is constructed for each value of i.
	-- The position of the value in the key is determined by the keypos field in
	-- each subtable.
	--]]
	local cats = cfg.protectionCategories
	for i = 1, 2^noActive do
		local key = {}
		for j, t in ipairs(attemptOrder) do
			if j &gt; noActive then
				key[t.keypos] = 'all'
			else
				local quotient = i / 2 ^ (j - 1)
				quotient = math.ceil(quotient)
				if quotient % 2 == 1 then
					key[t.keypos] = t.val
				else
					key[t.keypos] = 'all'
				end
			end
		end
		key = table.concat(key, '|')
		local attempt = cats[key]
		if attempt then
			return makeCategoryLink(attempt, title.text)
		end
	end
	return ''
end

function Protection:isIncorrect()
	local expiry = self.expiry
	return not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory()
		or type(expiry) == 'number' and expiry &lt; os.time()
end

function Protection:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate()
	local action, namespace = self.action, self.title.namespace
	return self.level == 'templateeditor'
		and (
			(action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move')
			or (namespace ~= 10 and namespace ~= 828)
		)
end

function Protection:makeCategoryLinks()
	local msg = self._cfg.msg
	local ret = {self:makeProtectionCategory()}
	if self:isIncorrect() then
		ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink(
			msg['tracking-category-incorrect'],
			self.title.text
		)
	end
	if self:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() then
		ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink(
			msg['tracking-category-template'],
			self.title.text
		)
	end
	return table.concat(ret)
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Blurb class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Blurb = {}
Blurb.__index = Blurb

Blurb.bannerTextFields = {
	text = true,
	explanation = true,
	tooltip = true,
	alt = true,
	link = true
}

function Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg)
	return setmetatable({
		_cfg = cfg,
		_protectionObj = protectionObj,
		_args = args
	}, Blurb)
end

-- Private methods --

function Blurb:_formatDate(num)
	-- Formats a Unix timestamp into dd Month, YYYY format.
	lang = lang or mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	local success, date = pcall(
		lang.formatDate,
		lang,
		self._cfg.msg['expiry-date-format'] or 'j F Y',
		'@' .. tostring(num)
	)
	if success then
		return date
	end
end

function Blurb:_getExpandedMessage(msgKey)
	return self:_substituteParameters(self._cfg.msg[msgKey])
end

function Blurb:_substituteParameters(msg)
	if not self._params then
		local parameterFuncs = {}

		parameterFuncs.CURRENTVERSION     = self._makeCurrentVersionParameter
		parameterFuncs.EDITREQUEST        = self._makeEditRequestParameter
		parameterFuncs.EXPIRY             = self._makeExpiryParameter
		parameterFuncs.EXPLANATIONBLURB   = self._makeExplanationBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.IMAGELINK          = self._makeImageLinkParameter
		parameterFuncs.INTROBLURB         = self._makeIntroBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.INTROFRAGMENT      = self._makeIntroFragmentParameter
		parameterFuncs.PAGETYPE           = self._makePagetypeParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONBLURB    = self._makeProtectionBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONDATE     = self._makeProtectionDateParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLEVEL    = self._makeProtectionLevelParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLOG      = self._makeProtectionLogParameter
		parameterFuncs.TALKPAGE           = self._makeTalkPageParameter
		parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPBLURB       = self._makeTooltipBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPFRAGMENT    = self._makeTooltipFragmentParameter
		parameterFuncs.VANDAL             = self._makeVandalTemplateParameter
		
		self._params = setmetatable({}, {
			__index = function (t, k)
				local param
				if parameterFuncs[k] then
					param = parameterFuncs[k](self)
				end
				param = param or ''
				t[k] = param
				return param
			end
		})
	end
	
	msg = msg:gsub('${(%u+)}', self._params)
	return msg
end

function Blurb:_makeCurrentVersionParameter()
	-- A link to the page history or the move log, depending on the kind of
	-- protection.
	local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText
	if self._protectionObj.action == 'move' then
		-- We need the move log link.
		return makeFullUrl(
			'Special:Log',
			{type = 'move', page = pagename},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-move-display')
		)
	else
		-- We need the history link.
		return makeFullUrl(
			pagename,
			{action = 'history'},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-edit-display')
		)
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeEditRequestParameter()
	local mEditRequest = require('Module:Submit an edit request')
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	
	-- Get the edit request type.
	local requestType
	if action == 'edit' then
		if level == 'autoconfirmed' then
			requestType = 'semi'
		elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then
			requestType = 'extended'
		elseif level == 'templateeditor' then
			requestType = 'template'
		end
	end
	requestType = requestType or 'full'
	
	-- Get the display value.
	local display = self:_getExpandedMessage('edit-request-display')

	return mEditRequest._link{type = requestType, display = display}
end

function Blurb:_makeExpiryParameter()
	local expiry = self._protectionObj.expiry
	if type(expiry) == 'number' then
		return self:_formatDate(expiry)
	else
		return expiry
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeExplanationBlurbParameter()
	-- Cover special cases first.
	if self._protectionObj.title.namespace == 8 then
		-- MediaWiki namespace
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('explanation-blurb-nounprotect')
	end

	-- Get explanation blurb table keys
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local talkKey = self._protectionObj.title.isTalkPage and 'talk' or 'subject'

	-- Find the message in the explanation blurb table and substitute any
	-- parameters.
	local explanations = self._cfg.explanationBlurbs
	local msg
	if explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level][talkKey] then
		msg = explanations[action][level][talkKey]
	elseif explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level].default then
		msg = explanations[action][level].default
	elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default[talkKey] then
		msg = explanations[action].default[talkKey]
	elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default.default then
		msg = explanations[action].default.default
	else
		error(string.format(
			'could not find explanation blurb for action &quot;%s&quot;, level &quot;%s&quot; and talk key &quot;%s&quot;',
			action,
			level,
			talkKey
		), 8)
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeImageLinkParameter()
	local imageLinks = self._cfg.imageLinks
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local msg
	if imageLinks[action][level] then
		msg = imageLinks[action][level]
	elseif imageLinks[action].default then
		msg = imageLinks[action].default
	else
		msg = imageLinks.edit.default
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeIntroBlurbParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeIntroFragmentParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makePagetypeParameter()
	local pagetypes = self._cfg.pagetypes
	return pagetypes[self._protectionObj.title.namespace]
		or pagetypes.default
		or error('no default pagetype defined', 8)
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionBlurbParameter()
	local protectionBlurbs = self._cfg.protectionBlurbs
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local msg
	if protectionBlurbs[action][level] then
		msg = protectionBlurbs[action][level]
	elseif protectionBlurbs[action].default then
		msg = protectionBlurbs[action].default
	elseif protectionBlurbs.edit.default then
		msg = protectionBlurbs.edit.default
	else
		error('no protection blurb defined for protectionBlurbs.edit.default', 8)
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionDateParameter()
	local protectionDate = self._protectionObj.protectionDate
	if type(protectionDate) == 'number' then
		return self:_formatDate(protectionDate)
	else
		return protectionDate
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionLevelParameter()
	local protectionLevels = self._cfg.protectionLevels
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local msg
	if protectionLevels[action][level] then
		msg = protectionLevels[action][level]
	elseif protectionLevels[action].default then
		msg = protectionLevels[action].default
	elseif protectionLevels.edit.default then
		msg = protectionLevels.edit.default
	else
		error('no protection level defined for protectionLevels.edit.default', 8)
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionLogParameter()
	local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText
	if self._protectionObj.action == 'autoreview' then
		-- We need the pending changes log.
		return makeFullUrl(
			'Special:Log',
			{type = 'stable', page = pagename},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('pc-log-display')
		)
	else
		-- We need the protection log.
		return makeFullUrl(
			'Special:Log',
			{type = 'protect', page = pagename},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('protection-log-display')
		)
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeTalkPageParameter()
	return string.format(
		'[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]',
		mw.site.namespaces[self._protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name,
		self._protectionObj.title.text,
		self._args.section or 'top',
		self:_getExpandedMessage('talk-page-link-display')
	)
end

function Blurb:_makeTooltipBlurbParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeTooltipFragmentParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeVandalTemplateParameter()
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{
		title=&quot;vandal-m&quot;,
		args={self._args.user or self._protectionObj.title.baseText}
	}
end

-- Public methods --

function Blurb:makeBannerText(key)
	-- Validate input.
	if not key or not Blurb.bannerTextFields[key] then
		error(string.format(
			'&quot;%s&quot; is not a valid banner config field',
			tostring(key)
		), 2)
	end

	-- Generate the text.
	local msg = self._protectionObj.bannerConfig[key]
	if type(msg) == 'string' then
		return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
	elseif type(msg) == 'function' then
		msg = msg(self._protectionObj, self._args)
		if type(msg) ~= 'string' then
			error(string.format(
				'bad output from banner config function with key &quot;%s&quot;'
					.. ' (expected string, got %s)',
				tostring(key),
				type(msg)
			), 4)
		end
		return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
	end
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- BannerTemplate class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local BannerTemplate = {}
BannerTemplate.__index = BannerTemplate

function BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg)
	local obj = {}
	obj._cfg = cfg

	-- Set the image filename.
	local imageFilename = protectionObj.bannerConfig.image
	if imageFilename then
		obj._imageFilename = imageFilename
	else
		-- If an image filename isn't specified explicitly in the banner config,
		-- generate it from the protection status and the namespace.
		local action = protectionObj.action
		local level = protectionObj.level
		local namespace = protectionObj.title.namespace
		local reason = protectionObj.reason
		
		-- Deal with special cases first.
		if (
			namespace == 10
			or namespace == 828
			or reason and obj._cfg.indefImageReasons[reason]
			)
			and action == 'edit'
			and level == 'sysop'
			and not protectionObj:isTemporary()
		then
			-- Fully protected modules and templates get the special red &quot;indef&quot;
			-- padlock.
			obj._imageFilename = obj._cfg.msg['image-filename-indef']
		else
			-- Deal with regular protection types.
			local images = obj._cfg.images
			if images[action] then
				if images[action][level] then
					obj._imageFilename = images[action][level]
				elseif images[action].default then
					obj._imageFilename = images[action].default
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return setmetatable(obj, BannerTemplate)
end

function BannerTemplate:renderImage()
	local filename = self._imageFilename
		or self._cfg.msg['image-filename-default']
		or 'Transparent.gif'
	return makeFileLink{
		file = filename,
		size = (self.imageWidth or 20) .. 'px',
		alt = self._imageAlt,
		link = self._imageLink,
		caption = self.imageCaption
	}
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Banner class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Banner = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate)
Banner.__index = Banner

function Banner.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg)
	local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb.
	obj.imageWidth = 40
	obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') -- Large banners use the alt text for the tooltip.
	obj._reasonText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('text')
	obj._explanationText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('explanation')
	obj._page = protectionObj.title.prefixedText -- Only makes a difference in testing.
	return setmetatable(obj, Banner)
end

function Banner:__tostring()
	-- Renders the banner.
	makeMessageBox = makeMessageBox or require('Module:Message box').main
	local reasonText = self._reasonText or error('no reason text set', 2)
	local explanationText = self._explanationText
	local mbargs = {
		page = self._page,
		type = 'protection',
		image = self:renderImage(),
		text = string.format(
			&quot;'''%s'''%s&quot;,
			reasonText,
			explanationText and '&lt;br /&gt;' .. explanationText or ''
		)
	}
	return makeMessageBox('mbox', mbargs)
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Padlock class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Padlock = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate)
Padlock.__index = Padlock

function Padlock.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg)
	local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb.
	obj.imageWidth = 20
	obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('tooltip')
	obj._imageAlt = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt')
	obj._imageLink = blurbObj:makeBannerText('link')
	obj._indicatorName = cfg.padlockIndicatorNames[protectionObj.action]
		or cfg.padlockIndicatorNames.default
		or 'pp-default'
	return setmetatable(obj, Padlock)
end

function Padlock:__tostring()
	local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
	-- The nowiki tag helps prevent whitespace at the top of articles.
	return frame:extensionTag{name = 'nowiki'} .. frame:extensionTag{
		name = 'indicator',
		args = {name = self._indicatorName},
		content = self:renderImage()
	}
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Exports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local p = {}

function p._exportClasses()
	-- This is used for testing purposes.
	return {
		Protection = Protection,
		Blurb = Blurb,
		BannerTemplate = BannerTemplate,
		Banner = Banner,
		Padlock = Padlock,
	}
end

function p._main(args, cfg, title)
	args = args or {}
	cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE)

	local protectionObj = Protection.new(args, cfg, title)

	local ret = {}

	-- If a page's edit protection is equally or more restrictive than its
	-- protection from some other action, then don't bother displaying anything
	-- for the other action (except categories).
	if not yesno(args.catonly) and (protectionObj.action == 'edit' or
		args.demolevel or
		not getReachableNodes(
			cfg.hierarchy,
			protectionObj.level
		)[effectiveProtectionLevel('edit', protectionObj.title)])
	then
		-- Initialise the blurb object
		local blurbObj = Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg)
	
		-- Render the banner
		if protectionObj:shouldShowLock() then
			ret[#ret + 1] = tostring(
				(yesno(args.small) and Padlock or Banner)
				.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg)
			)
		end
	end

	-- Render the categories
	if yesno(args.category) ~= false then
		ret[#ret + 1] = protectionObj:makeCategoryLinks()
	end
	
	return table.concat(ret)	
end

function p.main(frame, cfg)
	cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE)

	-- Find default args, if any.
	local parent = frame.getParent and frame:getParent()
	local defaultArgs = parent and cfg.wrappers[parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')]

	-- Find user args, and use the parent frame if we are being called from a
	-- wrapper template.
	getArgs = getArgs or require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
	local userArgs = getArgs(frame, {
		parentOnly = defaultArgs,
		frameOnly = not defaultArgs
	})

	-- Build the args table. User-specified args overwrite default args.
	local args = {}
	for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs or {}) do
		args[k] = v
	end
	for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do
		args[k] = v
	end
	return p._main(args, cfg)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>g1esh5v0eq6i86pqpylkdm09loryn3e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:File link</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6784</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37109</id>
      <timestamp>2023-02-12T12:18:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module provides a library for formatting file wikilinks.  local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType  local p = {}  function p._main(args) 	checkType('_main', 1, args, 'table')  	-- This is basically libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg, but we are rolling our 	-- own function to get the right error level. 	local function checkArg(key, val, level) 		if type(val) ~= 'string' then 			error(string.format( 				&quot;type error in...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37109</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2544" sha1="bzc22v133v9z5yc4aisazripn6l94p8" xml:space="preserve">-- This module provides a library for formatting file wikilinks.

local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType

local p = {}

function p._main(args)
	checkType('_main', 1, args, 'table')

	-- This is basically libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg, but we are rolling our
	-- own function to get the right error level.
	local function checkArg(key, val, level)
		if type(val) ~= 'string' then
			error(string.format(
				&quot;type error in '%s' parameter of '_main' (expected string, got %s)&quot;,
				key, type(val)
			), level)
		end
	end

	local ret = {}

	-- Adds a positional parameter to the buffer.
	local function addPositional(key)
		local val = args[key]
		if not val then
			return nil
		end
		checkArg(key, val, 4)
		ret[#ret + 1] = val
	end

	-- Adds a named parameter to the buffer. We assume that the parameter name
	-- is the same as the argument key.
	local function addNamed(key)
		local val = args[key]
		if not val then
			return nil
		end
		checkArg(key, val, 4)
		ret[#ret + 1] = key .. '=' .. val
	end

	-- Filename
	checkArg('file', args.file, 3)
	ret[#ret + 1] = 'File:' .. args.file

	-- Format
	if args.format then
		checkArg('format', args.format)
		if args.formatfile then
			checkArg('formatfile', args.formatfile)
			ret[#ret + 1] = args.format .. '=' .. args.formatfile
		else
			ret[#ret + 1] = args.format
		end
	end

	-- Border
	if yesno(args.border) then
		ret[#ret + 1] = 'border'
	end

	addPositional('location')
	addPositional('alignment')
	addPositional('size')
	addNamed('upright')
	addNamed('link')
	addNamed('alt')
	addNamed('page')
	addNamed('class')
	addNamed('lang')
	addNamed('start')
	addNamed('end')
	addNamed('thumbtime')
	addPositional('caption')

	return string.format('[[%s]]', table.concat(ret, '|'))
end

function p.main(frame)
	local origArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {
		wrappers = 'Template:File link'
	})
	if not origArgs.file then
		error(&quot;'file' parameter missing from [[Template:File link]]&quot;, 0)
	end

	-- Copy the arguments that were passed to a new table to avoid looking up
	-- every possible parameter in the frame object.
	local args = {}
	for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do
		-- Make _BLANK a special argument to add a blank parameter. For use in
		-- conditional templates etc. it is useful for blank arguments to be
		-- ignored, but we still need a way to specify them so that we can do
		-- things like [[File:Example.png|link=]].
		if v == '_BLANK' then
			v = ''
		end
		args[k] = v
	end
	return p._main(args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>bzc22v133v9z5yc4aisazripn6l94p8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Effective protection level</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6785</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37110</id>
      <timestamp>2023-02-12T12:20:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;local p = {}  -- Returns the permission required to perform a given action on a given title. -- If no title is specified, the title of the page being displayed is used. function p._main(action, pagename) 	local title 	if type(pagename) == 'table' and pagename.prefixedText then 		title = pagename 	elseif pagename then 		title = mw.title.new(pagename) 	else 		title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() 	end 	pagename = title.prefixedText 	if action == 'autoreview' then 		local leve...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37110</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3438" sha1="d3lhy0comfcfe9lnnj8klmrfqm1oxw7" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

-- Returns the permission required to perform a given action on a given title.
-- If no title is specified, the title of the page being displayed is used.
function p._main(action, pagename)
	local title
	if type(pagename) == 'table' and pagename.prefixedText then
		title = pagename
	elseif pagename then
		title = mw.title.new(pagename)
	else
		title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	end
	pagename = title.prefixedText
	if action == 'autoreview' then
		local level = mw.ext.FlaggedRevs.getStabilitySettings(title)
		level = level and level.autoreview
		if level == 'review' then
			return 'reviewer'
		elseif level ~= '' then
			return level
		else
			return nil -- not '*'. a page not being PC-protected is distinct from it being PC-protected with anyone able to review. also not '', as that would mean PC-protected but nobody can review
		end
	elseif action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move' and action ~= 'create' and action ~= 'upload' and action ~= 'undelete' then
		error( 'First parameter must be one of edit, move, create, upload, undelete, autoreview', 2 )
	end
	if title.namespace == 8 then -- MediaWiki namespace
		if title.text:sub(-3) == '.js' or title.text:sub(-4) == '.css' or title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' then -- site JS or CSS page
			return 'interfaceadmin'
		else -- any non-JS/CSS MediaWiki page
			return 'sysop'
		end
	elseif title.namespace == 2 and title.isSubpage then
		if title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' then -- user JS or CSS page
			return 'interfaceadmin'
		elseif title.contentModel == 'json' then -- user JSON page
			return 'sysop'
		end
	end
	if action == 'undelete' then
		return 'sysop'
	end
	local level = title.protectionLevels[action] and title.protectionLevels[action][1]
	if level == 'sysop' or level == 'editprotected' then
		return 'sysop'
	elseif title.cascadingProtection.restrictions[action] and title.cascadingProtection.restrictions[action][1] then -- used by a cascading-protected page
		return 'sysop'
	elseif level == 'templateeditor' then
		return 'templateeditor'
	elseif action == 'move' then
		local blacklistentry = mw.ext.TitleBlacklist.test('edit', pagename) -- Testing action edit is correct, since this is for the source page. The target page name gets tested with action move.
		if blacklistentry and not blacklistentry.params.autoconfirmed then
			return 'templateeditor'
		elseif title.namespace == 6 then
			return 'filemover'
		elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then
			return 'extendedconfirmed'
		else
			return 'autoconfirmed'
		end
	end
	local blacklistentry = mw.ext.TitleBlacklist.test(action, pagename)
	if blacklistentry then
		if not blacklistentry.params.autoconfirmed then
			return 'templateeditor'
		elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then
			return 'extendedconfirmed'
		else
			return 'autoconfirmed'
		end
	elseif level == 'editsemiprotected' then -- create-semiprotected pages return this for some reason
		return 'autoconfirmed'
	elseif level then
		return level
	elseif action == 'upload' then
		return 'autoconfirmed'
	elseif action == 'create' and title.namespace % 2 == 0 and title.namespace ~= 118 then -- You need to be registered, but not autoconfirmed, to create non-talk pages other than drafts
		return 'user'
	else
		return '*'
	end
end

setmetatable(p, { __index = function(t, k)
	return function(frame)
		return t._main(k, frame.args[1])
	end
end })

return p</text>
      <sha1>d3lhy0comfcfe9lnnj8klmrfqm1oxw7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Effective protection expiry</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6786</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37111</id>
      <timestamp>2023-02-12T12:21:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;local p = {}  -- Returns the expiry of a restriction of an action on a given title, or unknown if it cannot be known. -- If no title is specified, the title of the page being displayed is used. function p._main(action, pagename) 	local title 	if type(pagename) == 'table' and pagename.prefixedText then 		title = pagename 	elseif pagename then 		title = mw.title.new(pagename) 	else 		title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() 	end 	pagename = title.prefixedText 	if action == 'auto...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37111</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1494" sha1="i1wms02y1w048cq6uttka18a5pjzp63" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

-- Returns the expiry of a restriction of an action on a given title, or unknown if it cannot be known.
-- If no title is specified, the title of the page being displayed is used.
function p._main(action, pagename)
	local title
	if type(pagename) == 'table' and pagename.prefixedText then
		title = pagename
	elseif pagename then
		title = mw.title.new(pagename)
	else
		title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	end
	pagename = title.prefixedText
	if action == 'autoreview' then
		local stabilitySettings = mw.ext.FlaggedRevs.getStabilitySettings(title)
		return stabilitySettings and stabilitySettings.expiry or 'unknown'
	elseif action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move' and action ~= 'create' and action ~= 'upload' then
		error( 'First parameter must be one of edit, move, create, upload, autoreview', 2 )
	end
	local rawExpiry = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('PROTECTIONEXPIRY', action, pagename)
	if rawExpiry == 'infinity' then
		return 'infinity'
	elseif rawExpiry == '' then
		return 'unknown'
	else
		local year, month, day, hour, minute, second = rawExpiry:match(
			'^(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)$'
		)
		if year then
			return string.format(
				'%s-%s-%sT%s:%s:%s',
				year, month, day, hour, minute, second
			)
		else
			error('internal error in Module:Effective protection expiry; malformed expiry timestamp')
		end
	end
end

setmetatable(p, { __index = function(t, k)
	return function(frame)
		return t._main(k, frame.args[1])
	end
end })

return p</text>
      <sha1>i1wms02y1w048cq6uttka18a5pjzp63</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Protection banner/config</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6787</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37112</id>
      <timestamp>2023-02-12T12:22:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Protection banner]].  return {  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- --                                BANNER DATA -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------  --[[ -- Banner data consists of six fields: -- * text - the main protection text that appears at the top of protection --   banners. -- * explanation - the text that appear...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37112</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="46218" sha1="ahhe4ldlafnhr9o5b3ltlif05kw0saj" xml:space="preserve">-- This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Protection banner]].

return {

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
--                                BANNER DATA
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- Banner data consists of six fields:
-- * text - the main protection text that appears at the top of protection
--   banners.
-- * explanation - the text that appears below the main protection text, used
--   to explain the details of the protection.
-- * tooltip - the tooltip text you see when you move the mouse over a small
--   padlock icon.
-- * link - the page that the small padlock icon links to.
-- * alt - the alt text for the small padlock icon. This is also used as tooltip
--   text for the large protection banners.
-- * image - the padlock image used in both protection banners and small padlock
--   icons.
--
-- The module checks in three separate tables to find a value for each field.
-- First it checks the banners table, which has values specific to the reason
-- for the page being protected. Then the module checks the defaultBanners
-- table, which has values specific to each protection level. Finally, the
-- module checks the masterBanner table, which holds data for protection
-- templates to use if no data has been found in the previous two tables.
--
-- The values in the banner data can take parameters. These are specified
-- using ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (a dollar sign preceding a parameter name
-- enclosed in curly braces).
--
--                          Available parameters:
--
-- ${CURRENTVERSION} - a link to the page history or the move log, with the
-- display message &quot;current-version-edit-display&quot; or
-- &quot;current-version-move-display&quot;.
--
-- ${EDITREQUEST} - a link to create an edit request for the current page.
--
-- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} - an explanation blurb, e.g. &quot;Please discuss any changes
-- on the talk page; you may submit a request to ask an administrator to make
-- an edit if it is minor or supported by consensus.&quot;
--
-- ${IMAGELINK} - a link to set the image to, depending on the protection
-- action and protection level.
--
-- ${INTROBLURB} - the PROTECTIONBLURB parameter, plus the expiry if an expiry
-- is set. E.g. &quot;Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently 
-- disabled until dd Month YYYY.&quot;
--
-- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - the same as ${INTROBLURB}, but without final punctuation
-- so that it can be used in run-on sentences.
--
-- ${PAGETYPE} - the type of the page, e.g. &quot;article&quot; or &quot;template&quot;.
-- Defined in the cfg.pagetypes table.
--
-- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - a blurb explaining the protection level of the page, e.g.
-- &quot;Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently disabled&quot;
--
-- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - the protection date, if it has been supplied to the
-- template.
--
-- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - the protection level, e.g. &quot;fully protected&quot; or
-- &quot;semi-protected&quot;.
--
-- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - a link to the protection log or the pending changes log,
-- depending on the protection action.
--
-- ${TALKPAGE} - a link to the talk page. If a section is specified, links
-- straight to that talk page section.
--
-- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - uses the PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE and EXPIRY parameters to
-- create a blurb like &quot;This template is semi-protected&quot;, or &quot;This article is
-- move-protected until DD Month YYYY&quot;.
--
-- ${VANDAL} - links for the specified username (or the root page name)
-- using Module:Vandal-m.
--
--                                 Functions
--
-- For advanced users, it is possible to use Lua functions instead of strings
-- in the banner config tables. Using functions gives flexibility that is not
-- possible just by using parameters. Functions take two arguments, the
-- protection object and the template arguments, and they must output a string.
--
-- For example:
--
-- text = function (protectionObj, args)
--     if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then
--         return 'foo'
--     else
--         return 'bar'
--     end
-- end
--
-- Some protection object properties and methods that may be useful:
-- protectionObj.action - the protection action
-- protectionObj.level - the protection level
-- protectionObj.reason - the protection reason
-- protectionObj.expiry - the expiry. Nil if unset, the string &quot;indef&quot; if set
--     to indefinite, and the protection time in unix time if temporary.
-- protectionObj.protectionDate - the protection date in unix time, or nil if
--     unspecified.
-- protectionObj.bannerConfig - the banner config found by the module. Beware
--     of editing the config field used by the function, as it could create an
--     infinite loop.
-- protectionObj:isProtected - returns a boolean showing whether the page is
--     protected.
-- protectionObj:isTemporary - returns a boolean showing whether the expiry is
--     temporary.
-- protectionObj:isIncorrect - returns a boolean showing whether the protection
--     template is incorrect.
--]]

-- The master banner data, used if no values have been found in banners or
-- defaultBanners.
masterBanner = {
	text = '${INTROBLURB}',
	explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}',
	tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}',
	link = '${IMAGELINK}',
	alt = 'Page ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}'
},

-- The default banner data. This holds banner data for different protection
-- levels.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
defaultBanners = {
	edit = {},
	move = {},
	autoreview = {
		default = {
			alt = 'Page protected with pending changes',
			tooltip = 'All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users',
			image = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg'
		}
	},
	upload = {}
},

-- The banner data. This holds banner data for different protection reasons.
-- In fact, the reasons specified in this table control which reasons are
-- valid inputs to the first positional parameter.
--
-- There is also a non-standard &quot;description&quot; field that can be used for items
-- in this table. This is a description of the protection reason for use in the
-- module documentation.
--
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
banners = {
	edit = {
		blp = {
			description = 'For pages protected to promote compliance with the'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons'
				.. '|biographies of living persons]] policy',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons'
				.. &quot;|Wikipedia's&amp;nbsp;policy on&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;biographies&quot;
				.. ' of&amp;nbsp;living&amp;nbsp;people]].',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with the policy on'
				.. ' biographies of living persons',
		},
		dmca = {
			description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation'
				.. ' due to [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] takedown requests',
			explanation = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = 'Pursuant to a rights owner notice under the Digital'
					.. ' Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) regarding some content'
					.. ' in this article, the Wikimedia Foundation acted under'
					.. ' applicable law and took down and restricted the content'
					.. ' in question.'
				if args.notice then
					ret = ret .. ' A copy of the received notice can be found here: '
						.. args.notice .. '.'
				end
				ret = ret .. ' For more information, including websites discussing'
					.. ' how to file a counter-notice, please see'
					.. &quot; [[Wikipedia:Office actions]] and the article's ${TALKPAGE}.&quot;
					.. &quot;'''Do not remove this template from the article until the&quot;
					.. &quot; restrictions are withdrawn'''.&quot;
				return ret
			end,
			image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg',
		},
		dispute = {
			description = 'For pages protected due to editing disputes',
			text = function (protectionObj, args)
				-- Find the value of &quot;disputes&quot;.
				local display = 'disputes'
				local disputes
				if args.section then
					disputes = string.format(
						'[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]',
						mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name,
						protectionObj.title.text,
						args.section,
						display
					)
				else
					disputes = display
				end

				-- Make the blurb, depending on the expiry.
				local msg
				if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then
					msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} or until editing %s have been resolved.'
				else
					msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} until editing %s have been resolved.'
				end
				return string.format(msg, disputes)
			end,
			explanation = &quot;This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the&quot;
				.. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to editing disputes',
		},
		ecp = {
			description = 'For articles in topic areas authorized by'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] or'
				.. ' meets the criteria for community use',
			tooltip = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}',
			alt = 'Extended-protected ${PAGETYPE}',
		},
		mainpage = {
			description = 'For pages protected for being displayed on the [[Main Page]]',
			text = 'This file is currently'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from'
				.. ' editing because it is currently or will soon be displayed'
				.. ' on the [[Main Page]].',
			explanation = 'Images on the Main Page are protected due to their high'
				.. ' visibility. Please discuss any necessary changes on the ${TALKPAGE}.'
				.. '&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;'
				.. &quot;'''Administrators:''' Once this image is definitely off the Main Page,&quot;
				.. ' please unprotect this file, or reduce to semi-protection,'
				.. ' as appropriate.&lt;/span&gt;',
		},
		office = {
			description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation',
			text = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the'
					.. ' scrutiny of the'
					.. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]'
					.. ' and is protected.'
				if protectionObj.protectionDate then
					ret = ret .. ' It has been protected since ${PROTECTIONDATE}.'
				end
				return ret
			end,
			explanation = &quot;If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and&quot;
				.. &quot; additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not remove protection from this&quot;
				.. &quot; page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do&quot;
				.. &quot; so.'''&quot;,
			image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg',
		},
		reset = {
			description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation and'
				.. ' &quot;reset&quot; to a bare-bones version',
 			text = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the'
					.. ' scrutiny of the'
					.. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]'
					.. ' and is protected.',
			explanation = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = ''
				if protectionObj.protectionDate then
					ret = ret .. 'On ${PROTECTIONDATE} this ${PAGETYPE} was'
				else
					ret = ret .. 'This ${PAGETYPE} has been'
				end
				ret = ret .. ' reduced to a'
				.. ' simplified, &quot;bare bones&quot; version so that it may be completely'
				.. ' rewritten to ensure it meets the policies of'
				.. ' [[WP:NPOV|Neutral Point of View]] and [[WP:V|Verifiability]].'
				.. ' Standard Wikipedia policies will apply to its rewriting—which'
				.. ' will eventually be open to all editors—and will be strictly'
				.. ' enforced. The ${PAGETYPE} has been ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} while'
				.. ' it is being rebuilt.\n\n'
				.. 'Any insertion of material directly from'
				.. ' pre-protection revisions of the ${PAGETYPE} will be removed, as'
				.. ' will any material added to the ${PAGETYPE} that is not properly'
				.. ' sourced. The associated talk page(s) were also cleared on the'
				.. &quot; same date.\n\n&quot;
				.. &quot;If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and&quot;
				.. &quot; additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not override&quot;
				.. &quot; this action, and do not remove protection from this page,&quot;
				.. &quot; unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation&quot;
				.. &quot; to do so. No editor may remove this notice.'''&quot;

				return ret
			end,
			image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg',
		},
		sock = {
			description = 'For pages protected due to'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] of'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] or'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Banning policy|banned users]]'
				.. ' from editing it.',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from'
				.. ' editing it',
		},
		template = {
			description = 'For [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]]'
				.. ' templates and Lua modules',
			text = 'This is a permanently [[Help:Protection|protected]] ${PAGETYPE},'
				.. ' as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]].',
			explanation = 'Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may'
				.. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if'
				.. ' it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit'
				.. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. You can also'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be'
				.. ' unprotected.',
			tooltip = 'This high-risk ${PAGETYPE} is permanently ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}'
				.. ' to prevent vandalism',
			alt = 'Permanently protected ${PAGETYPE}',
		},
		usertalk = {
			description = 'For pages protected against disruptive edits by a'
				.. ' particular user',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent ${VANDAL} from using it to make disruptive edits,'
				.. ' such as abusing the'
				.. ' &amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[Template:unblock|unblock]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125; template.',
			explanation = 'If you cannot edit this user talk page and you need to'
				.. ' make a change or leave a message, you can'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for edits to a protected page'
				.. '|request an edit]],'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]],'
				.. ' [[Special:Userlogin|log in]],'
				.. ' or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].',
		},
		vandalism = {
			description = 'For pages protected against'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} due to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].',
			explanation = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = ''
				if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then
					ret = ret .. &quot;This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the&quot;
						.. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. '
				end
				return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}'
			end,
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to vandalism',
		}
	},
	move = {
		dispute = {
			description = 'For pages protected against page moves due to'
				.. ' disputes over the page title',
			explanation = &quot;This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the&quot;
				.. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}',
			image = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg'
		},
		vandalism = {
			description = 'For pages protected against'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#Page-move vandalism'
				.. ' |page-move vandalism]]'
		}
	},
	autoreview = {},
	upload = {}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
--                            GENERAL DATA TABLES
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection blurbs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table produces the protection blurbs available with the
-- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action and
-- protection level, and is checked by the module in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
-- 3. &quot;edit&quot; protection action, default protection level
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
protectionBlurbs = {
	edit = {
		default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Help:Protection|'
			.. 'protected]] from editing',
		autoconfirmed = 'Editing of this ${PAGETYPE} by [[Wikipedia:User access'
			.. ' levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered'
			.. ' users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Help:Protection|disabled]]',
		extendedconfirmed = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under extended confirmed protection',
	},
	move = {
		default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]]'
			.. ' from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]]'
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by'
			.. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or'
			.. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]]'
			.. ' users are currently'
			.. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]'
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'Uploading new versions of this ${PAGETYPE} is currently disabled'
	}
},


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Explanation blurbs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table produces the explanation blurbs available with the
-- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action,
-- protection level, and whether the page is a talk page or not. If the page is
-- a talk page it will have a talk key of &quot;talk&quot;; otherwise it will have a talk
-- key of &quot;subject&quot;. The table is checked in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level, page's talk key
-- 2. page's protection action, page's protection level, default talk key
-- 3. page's protection action, default protection level, page's talk key
-- 4. page's protection action, default protection level, default talk key
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
explanationBlurbs = {
	edit = {
		autoconfirmed = {
			subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you'
				.. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can'
				.. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, discuss changes on the ${TALKPAGE},'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or'
				.. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].',
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you'
				.. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or'
				.. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].',
		},
		extendedconfirmed = {
			default = 'Extended confirmed protection prevents edits from all unregistered editors'
				.. ' and registered users with fewer than 30 days tenure and 500 edits.'
				.. ' The [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|policy on community use]]'
				.. ' specifies that extended confirmed protection can be applied to combat'
				.. ' disruption, if semi-protection has proven to be ineffective.'
				.. ' Extended confirmed protection may also be applied to enforce'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|arbitration sanctions]].'
				.. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may'
				.. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask for uncontroversial changes supported by'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]].'
		},
		default = {
			subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you'
				.. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it'
				.. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit'
				.. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus'
				.. '|consensus]]. You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for'
				.. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request]] that this page be unprotected.',
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' You may [[Wikipedia:Requests for page'
				.. ' protection#Current requests for edits to a protected page|request an'
				.. ' edit]] to this page, or [[Wikipedia:Requests for'
				.. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|ask]] for it to be unprotected.'
		}
	},
	move = {
		default = {
			subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved'
				.. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the'
				.. ' ${TALKPAGE} or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be'
				.. ' unprotected.',
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved'
				.. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves at'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be'
				.. ' unprotected.'
		}
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = {
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} by new and unregistered users'
				.. ' will not be visible to readers until they are accepted by'
				.. ' a reviewer. To avoid the need for your edits to be'
				.. ' reviewed, you may'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or'
				.. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].'
		},
	},
	upload = {
		default = {
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' The page may still be edited but new versions of the file'
				.. ' cannot be uploaded until it is unprotected. You can'
				.. ' request that a new version be uploaded by using a'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|protected edit request]], or you'
				.. ' can  [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]]'
				.. ' that the file be unprotected.'
		}
	}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection levels
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table provides the data for the ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} parameter, which
-- produces a short label for different protection levels. It is sorted by
-- protection action and protection level, and is checked in the following
-- order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
-- 3. &quot;edit&quot; protection action, default protection level
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
protectionLevels = {
	edit = {
		default = 'protected',
		templateeditor = 'template-protected',
		extendedconfirmed = 'extended-protected',
		autoconfirmed = 'semi-protected',
	},
	move = {
		default = 'move-protected'
	},
	autoreview = {
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'upload-protected'
	}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Images
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table lists different padlock images for each protection action and
-- protection level. It is used if an image is not specified in any of the
-- banner data tables, and if the page does not satisfy the conditions for using
-- the ['image-filename-indef'] image. It is checked in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
images = {
	edit = {
		default = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg',
		templateeditor = 'Template-protection-shackle.svg',
		extendedconfirmed = 'Extended-protection-shackle.svg',
		autoconfirmed = 'Semi-protection-shackle.svg'
	},
	move = {
		default = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg',
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg'
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'Upload-protection-shackle.svg'
	}
},

-- Pages with a reason specified in this table will show the special &quot;indef&quot;
-- padlock, defined in the 'image-filename-indef' message, if no expiry is set.
indefImageReasons = {
	template = true
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Image links
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table provides the data for the ${IMAGELINK} parameter, which gets
-- the image link for small padlock icons based on the page's protection action
-- and protection level. It is checked in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
-- 3. &quot;edit&quot; protection action, default protection level
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
imageLinks = {
	edit = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#full',
		templateeditor = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#template',
		extendedconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended',
		autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#semi'
	},
	move = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#move'
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pending'
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#upload'
	}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Padlock indicator names
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table provides the &quot;name&quot; attribute for the &lt;indicator&gt; extension tag
-- with which small padlock icons are generated. All indicator tags on a page
-- are displayed in alphabetical order based on this attribute, and with
-- indicator tags with duplicate names, the last tag on the page wins.
-- The attribute is chosen based on the protection action; table keys must be a
-- protection action name or the string &quot;default&quot;.
padlockIndicatorNames = {
	autoreview = 'pp-autoreview',
	default = 'pp-default'
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection categories
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- The protection categories are stored in the protectionCategories table.
-- Keys to this table are made up of the following strings:
--
-- 1. the expiry date
-- 2. the namespace
-- 3. the protection reason (e.g. &quot;dispute&quot; or &quot;vandalism&quot;)
-- 4. the protection level (e.g. &quot;sysop&quot; or &quot;autoconfirmed&quot;)
-- 5. the action (e.g. &quot;edit&quot; or &quot;move&quot;)
-- 
-- When the module looks up a category in the table, first it will will check to
-- see a key exists that corresponds to all five parameters. For example, a
-- user page semi-protected from vandalism for two weeks would have the key
-- &quot;temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit&quot;. If no match is found, the module
-- changes the first part of the key to &quot;all&quot; and checks the table again. It
-- keeps checking increasingly generic key combinations until it finds the
-- field, or until it reaches the key &quot;all-all-all-all-all&quot;.
--
-- The module uses a binary matrix to determine the order in which to search.
-- This is best demonstrated by a table. In this table, the &quot;0&quot; values
-- represent &quot;all&quot;, and the &quot;1&quot; values represent the original data (e.g.
-- &quot;indef&quot; or &quot;file&quot; or &quot;vandalism&quot;).
--
--        expiry    namespace reason   level     action
-- order
-- 1      1         1         1        1         1
-- 2      0         1         1        1         1
-- 3      1         0         1        1         1
-- 4      0         0         1        1         1
-- 5      1         1         0        1         1
-- 6      0         1         0        1         1
-- 7      1         0         0        1         1
-- 8      0         0         0        1         1
-- 9      1         1         1        0         1
-- 10     0         1         1        0         1
-- 11     1         0         1        0         1
-- 12     0         0         1        0         1
-- 13     1         1         0        0         1
-- 14     0         1         0        0         1
-- 15     1         0         0        0         1
-- 16     0         0         0        0         1
-- 17     1         1         1        1         0
-- 18     0         1         1        1         0
-- 19     1         0         1        1         0
-- 20     0         0         1        1         0
-- 21     1         1         0        1         0
-- 22     0         1         0        1         0
-- 23     1         0         0        1         0
-- 24     0         0         0        1         0
-- 25     1         1         1        0         0
-- 26     0         1         1        0         0
-- 27     1         0         1        0         0
-- 28     0         0         1        0         0
-- 29     1         1         0        0         0
-- 30     0         1         0        0         0
-- 31     1         0         0        0         0
-- 32     0         0         0        0         0
--
-- In this scheme the action has the highest priority, as it is the last
-- to change, and the expiry has the least priority, as it changes the most.
-- The priorities of the expiry, the protection level and the action are
-- fixed, but the priorities of the reason and the namespace can be swapped
-- through the use of the cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority table.
--]]

-- If the reason specified to the template is listed in this table,
-- namespace data will take priority over reason data in the protectionCategories
-- table.
reasonsWithNamespacePriority = {
	vandalism = true,
},

-- The string to use as a namespace key for the protectionCategories table for each
-- namespace number.
categoryNamespaceKeys = {
	[  2] = 'user',
	[  3] = 'user',
	[  4] = 'project',
	[  6] = 'file',
	[  8] = 'mediawiki',
	[ 10] = 'template',
	[ 12] = 'project',
	[ 14] = 'category',
	[100] = 'portal',
	[828] = 'module',
},

protectionCategories = {
	['all|all|all|all|all']                     = 'Wikipedia fully protected pages',
	['all|all|office|all|all']                  = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages',
	['all|all|reset|all|all']                   = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages',
	['all|all|dmca|all|all']                    = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages',
	['all|all|mainpage|all|all']                = 'Wikipedia fully-protected main page files',
	['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all']       = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages',
	['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all']       = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages',
	['all|template|all|all|edit']               = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates',
	['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit']          = 'Wikipedia semi-protected pages',
	['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit']        = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages',
	['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit']          = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people',
	['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia temporarily semi-protected biographies of living people',
	['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit']      = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected due to dispute',
	['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users',
	['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit']    = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism',
	['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit']     = 'Wikipedia semi-protected categories',
	['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia semi-protected files',
	['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit']       = 'Wikipedia semi-protected portals',
	['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit']      = 'Wikipedia semi-protected project pages',
	['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia semi-protected talk pages',
	['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit']     = 'Wikipedia semi-protected templates',
	['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia semi-protected user and user talk pages',
	['all|all|all|templateeditor|edit']         = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules',
	['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit']    = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates',
	['all|template|all|templateeditor|move']    = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', -- move-protected templates
	['all|all|blp|sysop|edit']                  = 'Wikipedia indefinitely protected biographies of living people',
	['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia temporarily protected biographies of living people',
	['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit']              = 'Wikipedia pages protected due to dispute',
	['all|all|sock|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia pages protected from banned users',
	['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit']            = 'Wikipedia pages protected against vandalism',
	['all|category|all|sysop|edit']             = 'Wikipedia fully protected categories',
	['all|file|all|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully-protected files',
	['all|project|all|sysop|edit']              = 'Wikipedia fully-protected project pages',
	['all|talk|all|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully-protected talk pages',
	['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates',
	['all|template|all|sysop|edit']             = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates',
	['all|user|all|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully protected user and user talk pages',
	['all|module|all|all|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully-protected modules',
	['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit']      = 'Wikipedia template-protected modules',
	['all|module|all|extendedconfirmed|edit']   = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected modules',
	['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit']       = 'Wikipedia semi-protected modules',
	['all|all|all|sysop|move']                  = 'Wikipedia move-protected pages',
	['indef|all|all|sysop|move']                = 'Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages',
	['all|all|dispute|sysop|move']              = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute',
	['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move']            = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism',
	['all|portal|all|sysop|move']               = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals',
	['all|project|all|sysop|move']              = 'Wikipedia move-protected project pages',
	['all|talk|all|sysop|move']                 = 'Wikipedia move-protected talk pages',
	['all|template|all|sysop|move']             = 'Wikipedia move-protected templates',
	['all|user|all|sysop|move']                 = 'Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages',
	['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview']    = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages',
	['all|file|all|all|upload']                 = 'Wikipedia upload-protected files',
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Expiry category config
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table configures the expiry category behaviour for each protection
-- action.
-- * If set to true, setting that action will always categorise the page if
--   an expiry parameter is not set.
-- * If set to false, setting that action will never categorise the page.
-- * If set to nil, the module will categorise the page if:
--   1) an expiry parameter is not set, and
--   2) a reason is provided, and
--   3) the specified reason is not blacklisted in the reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck
--      table.

expiryCheckActions = {
	edit = nil,
	move = false,
	autoreview = true,
	upload = false
},

reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = {
	blp = true,
	template = true,
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Pagetypes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table produces the page types available with the ${PAGETYPE} parameter.
-- Keys are namespace numbers, or the string &quot;default&quot; for the default value.
pagetypes = {
	[0] = 'article',
	[6] = 'file',
	[10] = 'template',
	[14] = 'category',
	[828] = 'module',
	default = 'page'
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Strings marking indefinite protection
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table contains values passed to the expiry parameter that mean the page
-- is protected indefinitely.
indefStrings = {
	['indef'] = true,
	['indefinite'] = true,
	['indefinitely'] = true,
	['infinite'] = true,
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Group hierarchy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table maps each group to all groups that have a superset of the original
-- group's page editing permissions.
hierarchy = {
	sysop = {},
	reviewer = {'sysop'},
	filemover = {'sysop'},
	templateeditor = {'sysop'},
	extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'},
	autoconfirmed = {'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'},
	user = {'autoconfirmed'},
	['*'] = {'user'}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Wrapper templates and their default arguments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table contains wrapper templates used with the module, and their
-- default arguments. Templates specified in this table should contain the
-- following invocation, and no other template content:
--
-- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}}
--
-- If other content is desired, it can be added between
-- &lt;noinclude&gt;...&lt;/noinclude&gt; tags.
--
-- When a user calls one of these wrapper templates, they will use the
-- default arguments automatically. However, users can override any of the
-- arguments.
wrappers = {
	['Template:Pp']                         = {},
	['Template:Pp-extended']                = {'ecp'},
	['Template:Pp-blp']                     = {'blp'},
	-- we don't need Template:Pp-create
	['Template:Pp-dispute']                 = {'dispute'},
	['Template:Pp-main-page']               = {'mainpage'},
	['Template:Pp-move']                    = {action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'},
	['Template:Pp-move-dispute']            = {'dispute', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'},
	-- we don't need Template:Pp-move-indef
	['Template:Pp-move-vandalism']          = {'vandalism', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'},
	['Template:Pp-office']                  = {'office'},
	['Template:Pp-office-dmca']             = {'dmca'},
	['Template:Pp-pc']                      = {action = 'autoreview', small = true},
	['Template:Pp-pc1']                     = {action = 'autoreview', small = true},
	['Template:Pp-reset']                   = {'reset'},
	['Template:Pp-semi-indef']              = {small = true},
	['Template:Pp-sock']                    = {'sock'},
	['Template:Pp-template']                = {'template', small = true},
	['Template:Pp-upload']                  = {action = 'upload'},
	['Template:Pp-usertalk']                = {'usertalk'},
	['Template:Pp-vandalism']               = {'vandalism'},
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- 
--                                 MESSAGES
-- 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

msg = {

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Intro blurb and intro fragment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages specify what is produced by the ${INTROBLURB} and
-- ${INTROFRAGMENT} parameters. If the protection is temporary they use the
-- intro-blurb-expiry or intro-fragment-expiry, and if not they use
-- intro-blurb-noexpiry or intro-fragment-noexpiry.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY}.',
['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.',
['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY},',
['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tooltip blurb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages specify what is produced by the ${TOOLTIPBLURB} parameter.
-- If the protection is temporary the tooltip-blurb-expiry message is used, and
-- if not the tooltip-blurb-noexpiry message is used.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY}.',
['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.',
['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY},',
['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Special explanation blurb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- An explanation blurb for pages that cannot be unprotected, e.g. for pages
-- in the MediaWiki namespace.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message.
['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
	.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
	.. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you'
	.. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an'
	.. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it'
	.. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit'
	.. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus'
	.. '|consensus]].',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection log display values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages determine the display values for the protection log link
-- or the pending changes log link produced by the ${PROTECTIONLOG} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['protection-log-display'] = 'protection log',
['pc-log-display'] = 'pending changes log',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Current version display values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages determine the display values for the page history link
-- or the move log link produced by the ${CURRENTVERSION} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['current-version-move-display'] = 'current title',
['current-version-edit-display'] = 'current version',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Talk page
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This message determines the display value of the talk page link produced
-- with the ${TALKPAGE} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message.
['talk-page-link-display'] = 'talk page',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Edit requests
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This message determines the display value of the edit request link produced
-- with the ${EDITREQUEST} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message.
['edit-request-display'] = 'submit an edit request',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Expiry date format
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This is the format for the blurb expiry date. It should be valid input for
-- the first parameter of the #time parser function.
['expiry-date-format'] = 'F j, Y &quot;at&quot; H:i e',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tracking categories
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages determine which tracking categories the module outputs.
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  <page>
    <title>Xiendla hi vomu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1326" sha1="s47cryfuxw7sg15c1fi36vb0lhwpl5f" xml:space="preserve">'''Xiendla hi vomu''' (''tshidzimba'' – hi xiVhenda; ''isienta ngavomu'' – hi xiSwazi), i swakudya leswi swekiwaka hi ku hlanganisa timbaweni, timanga na mavele, laha timbaweni na timanga ti lovekiwaka hi xatolo, ivi swiswekiwa swithlela swihungeriwa hi mapa ya timanga to kadziwa.&lt;ref name=Malaza&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Molly Thembi |first=Malaza |date=31 January 2012 |title=The development, standardisation and acceptability of the traditional TsongaShangaan dishes, Xigugu and Xiendla hi vomu for use in ethnic restaurants |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/26577/dissertation.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |journal=University of Pretoria |access-date=26 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kusweka xiendla hi vumu kunga teka kwalomu ka 3 kuya ka 4 wa ti awara exitikweni, ivi swi lungiwa hi munyu. Xiendla hi vomu a xi swekeriwa vaendzi vohlawuleka ku fana na vakon'wana, vatswari kumbe vanhu lava xiximekeke etikweni. Xiendla hi vomu a xitekeriwa enhlokweni swinene na swona a xi phamiwa eka swakudya swo fihlula, xi fambisana na nyama yo swekiwa kumbe ku oxiwa na miroho.&lt;ref name=Malaza/&gt; 

Xiendla hi vomu xiteka muvala wa timanga na xitshopana xa mavele, naswona xina kunyanganya ko xawula-nyana.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swakudya swa Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Swakudya]]
[[Category:Swakudya swa Vatsonga]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Tihove''' (Tshidzumba hi xiVhenda, Isiphuphutho hi xiZulu) i swakudya swandzhavuko leswi rhandziwaka ngopfu hi Vatsonga na VaVhenda. Tihove tiswekiwa hi ku hlanganisa mavele lama lovekiweke, tinyawa, Timanga na timanga to kandziwa, ivi swiswekiwa swikala swihlangana.&lt;ref name=Tshidzumba&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tshidzumba |first=Sedzani Elsie |date=20 December 2020 |title=Nutritional composition of traditional mixed-dishes eaten by elderly women in Vhembe District |url=ht...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="811" sha1="3k0y99m7suel7mpzm2016kybtgd2yuf" xml:space="preserve">'''Tihove''' (Tshidzumba hi xiVhenda, Isiphuphutho hi xiZulu) i swakudya swandzhavuko leswi rhandziwaka ngopfu hi Vatsonga na VaVhenda. Tihove tiswekiwa hi ku hlanganisa mavele lama lovekiweke, tinyawa, Timanga na timanga to kandziwa, ivi swiswekiwa swikala swihlangana.&lt;ref name=Tshidzumba&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tshidzumba |first=Sedzani Elsie |date=20 December 2020 |title=Nutritional composition of traditional mixed-dishes eaten by elderly women in Vhembe District |url=https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/handle/11602/1729 |journal=University of Vhenda |access-date=2 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Masiku lawa, tihove ti tala ku kumeka eswakudyeni loko kuri na micato kumbe mintirho ya ndzhavuko emakaya. 

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swakudya swa Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Swakudya]]
[[Category:Swakudya swa Vatsonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vukhongeri bya xintu</title>
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      <text bytes="5212" sha1="ogezig01xpc0zn199holm8hri8thy9u" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Masques BaKongo.JPG|thumb|right|Swivatliwa swamikwembu]]
'''Vukhongeri bya xintu''' ivukhongeri na maendlele ya vanhu va ntima valaha tikwein-nkulu ra Afrika, naswona bya hambana hambana kuya hi rixaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;mol&quot;&gt;Encyclopedia of African Religion (Sage, 2009) [[Molefi Kete Asante]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ndlovu|first=Tommy Matshakayile|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34114180|title=Imikhuba lamasiko AmaNdebele|date=1995|publisher=Mambo Press|others=Doris Ndlovu, Bekithemba S. Ncube|isbn=0-86922-624-X|location=Gweru,GasiyaZimbabwe|oclc=34114180}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vukhongeri lebyi byi titshege eka ndzhavuko naswona byi hangalasiwa hikuya hi ndzhavuko wa kuvulavula hinomo, laha byi hundzisiwka kusuka eka rixaka rakhale kuya eka rin'wana, hi kutirhisa mitsheketo , tinsimu na minkhuvo ya ndzhavuko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Juergensmeyer | first=Mark | title=The Oxford handbook of global religions | publisher=Oxford University Press | publication-place=Oxford | date=2006 | isbn=0-19-513798-1 | oclc=64084086}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Mbiti | first=John S. | title=Introduction to African religion | publisher=Heinemann Educational Books | publication-place=Oxford [England] | date=1991 | isbn=0-435-94002-3 | oclc=24376978}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nweke |first=Kizito Chinedu |date=2022-12-25 |title=Responding to new Imageries in African indigenous Spiritualties |url=https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/Religious/article/view/20246 |journal=Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=271–282 |doi=10.15575/rjsalb.v6i3.20246 |s2cid=255213985 |issn=2528-7249}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vukhongeri bya Vantima i ku loko vanhu va lava va hundzuka swikwembu leswi gandzeriwaka hi lava nga sala erixakeni rero. Ku vuriwa leswaku i vakokwana wa kokwana lava hanyisaka na ku hlayisa rixaka rero. Ku endliwa magandzelo laha va gandzeriwaka kona, ku akeriwa nsinya wo karhi kumbe ku akeriwa xikhumbani ku funengetiwa xikhuwani.&lt;ref name=Baloyi&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nkhensani Molina |first=Baloyi |date=18 May 2019 |title=Nxopaxopo wa switandzhaku swa &quot; globalisation&quot; eka ririmi ra Xitsonga |url=https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/handle/11602/1357 |journal=University of Vhenda |access-date=2 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Loko ku va ni makhombo emutini ku vuriwa leswaku va le hansi va hlundzukile va fanele ku phahliwa. Ku ta famba ku hlahluveriwa lomuya tin’angeni leswaku ku ta phahlisiwa ku yini, i mani a nga ta phahla, ku laveka yini na yini swo phahla hi swona. Ku nga va huku yo basa na mbuti yo basa kumbe ya ntima na homu yo tshwuka kumbe ya ntima na minceka yo fana na njeti, palu, na rigadawo na masindza. Ku vandzekeriwa byalwa loko byi vupfile va rixaka rero va ta phahliwa, va tshama etlhelo ka gandzelo, ku dlayiwa xifuwo lexi lavekaka ku halatiwa ngati kwalahaya egandzelweni kutani ku cheriwa fole na byalwa ehansi. Loyi a phahlaka u va a ri karhi a vulavulela a hlaya mavito ya vanhu va rixaka rero lava nga lova khale leswaku ku komberiwa ntsako na ku rhula va dya no dzaha va siyerisana a kha a nwa byalwa a byi fundza enonweni kutani a haxa vanhu lava nga kwala tlhelo ka gandzelo hi byona. Vanhu lava nga kwalano na vona va va ri karhi va hlavelela va ba na mavoko va ku tsika, tsika. Ku suka kwalaho ku pfumeriwa leswaku swilo hinkwaswo swi ta famba kahle erixakeni rero. Lavo vabya va ta hola mafu na makhombo swi ta fambela ekule, ku tlhela ku va na ku humelela eka rixaka rero.&lt;ref name=Baloyi/&gt;

Swilo swin’wana na swin’wana leswi endliwaka emutini swo fana na mitlangu a swi endliwi
ku nga rhangangi ku sumeriwa va le hansi. Nkarhi wun’wana ku rhanga ku ya hlahluveriwa en’angeni leswaku ntlangu wu ta fambisa ku yini. Loko kuriku ku ta va ni mpfilumpfilu n’anga yi nyika vanhu valavo murhi wo boha ntlangu leswaku wu famba kahle.&lt;ref name=Baloyi/&gt;

Loko ku rimiwile masimu swilo leswi nga byariwa loko se swi vupfile ku rhanga ku vikeriwa va le hansi mi nga si swi dya n’wina mi nga swi byala. Loko mi tshika mi dlayile xifuwo mi rhanga mi ya suma kwale gandzelweni mi chela ngati ya kona.&lt;ref name=Baloyi/&gt;

Loko n’wana a ha ku velekiwa u ya a ya sumiwa kwale gandzelweni leswaku a ta hlayiseka a tlhela a yisiwa en’angeni yi ya n’wi thusa leswaku loko o tshuka a tlakuriwile hi valoyi a nga tlhaveki u fanele a bohiwa na xitshungulu xo n’wi tiyisa. Hi ndhavuko munhu ufanele ku yisiwa en’angeni a ya tlhaveriwa a bohiwa na xitshungulo xo n’wi sirhelela eka valoyi. Miti na yona ve ri ya biyiwa leswaku valoyi va nga ngheni. Ku laviwa n’anga yi ta celela mirhi kwala mutini leswaku valoyi va nga koti ku nghena loko va lava ku mi hlasela. Loko munhu a tshuka a hundzile emisaveni ku vuriwa leswaku swi nge endleki a fa ntsena a nga loyiwangi, ku famba ku halhluveriwa etin’angeni leswaku a nga va a dlayiwile hi yini. Loko va swi kumile leswaku i mani va tirhelela esirheni leswaku loyi a nga n’wi loya na yena a fa. Loko munhu a lovile wa vikiwa eka va le hansi leswaku va n’wi amukela va n’wi hlayisa kwale va nga kona.&lt;ref name=Baloyi/&gt;

Vantima lava ha tirhisaka vukhongeri lebyi i nhlayo ya le hansi swinene. Sweswi loko u tirhisa byona veri u muhedeni.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Vukhongeri]]</text>
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    <title>Tinjhovo</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1365" sha1="naq6n37wam8072fs3q3op5z1wyj8qaj" xml:space="preserve">'''Tinjhovo''' ti ambariwa (bohiwa) hi vavanuna va matsonga emasengeni kumbe exifuveni. Tinjhovo ti endliwa hi madzovo ya swiharhi lama omisiweke na swona mathlela ma olovisiwa. Hakanyingi a kutirhisiwa dzovo ra xipene, homu, nkuzo kumbe mfumgwe ku endla tinjhovo to mbariwa hi wanuna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Maluleke |first=Vonakani |title=Traditional Lifestyle and Cultural Practices of the Vatsonga |url=https://www.academia.edu/37597061/Traditional_Lifestyle_and_Cultural_Practices_of_the_Vatsonga|journal=Academia |access-date=5 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; A va tiendlela njhovo ya le mahlweni ni ya le ndzhaku, njhovo ya le mahlweni a yi komile kasi ya le ndzhaku a yi lehile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nukeri |first=Emilinah Reginah |title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko |url=http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/1135?show=full |journal=University of Limpopo |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305172448/http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/1135?show=full |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vafana ava endleriwa tinjhovo hi ku tirhisa dzovo ra mbuti leri a ri bohiwa ku tumbeta emahlweni ntsena.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Sw'ambalo]]
[[Category:Mpahla]]
[[Category:Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga]]</text>
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    <title>Njhindzu</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1190" sha1="n0jajhvc9gs325u3312116nlge34m4j" xml:space="preserve">'''Njhindzu''' i nceka wa ntima lowu awubohiwa eswisutini hi vavanuna va tlhela va gwarela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nukeri |first=Emilinah Reginah |title=Nkanelo wa yin'wana ya mindhavuko ya ririmi ra Vatsonga/Machangana hi ku kongomisa eka swakunwa swa ndhavuko |url=http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/1135?show=full |journal=University of Limpopo |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305172448/http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/1135?show=full |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; nceka lowu a endliwa hi dzovo ra swiharhi ivi wu bohiwa hingoti emasengeni, leswaku wu ambariwa ehansi ka tinjhovo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mabunda |first=Idah |title=The impact of zero equivalence on translation with special reference to english and Xitsonga |url=http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/1096 |journal=University of Limpopo |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305173552/http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/1096 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga}}
[[Category:Sw'ambalo]]
[[Category:Mpahla]]
[[Category:Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;  {{Navbox &lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt; | name = Farhan Rana Rajpoot | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | title = [[Farhan Rana Rajpoot]] | bodyclass = hlist | group1 = '''mukongomisi wa tifilimi :''' | list1 = [[The Land Of Skulls]]  | group2 = '''mutsari wa tifilimi :''' | list2 = [[Zulkiaf Riaz]] | group3 = '''mutlangi :''' | list3 = [[Farhan Butt]]  | below = }} &lt;noinclude&gt; [[Ntlawa:Thekinoloji]] &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="455" sha1="r8n9bkd64xn2aq66r0wqzh69zdfrcdl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt; 
{{Navbox
&lt;!---- Note: Please keep lists alphabetized ----&gt;
| name = Farhan Rana Rajpoot
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| title = [[Farhan Rana Rajpoot]]
| bodyclass = hlist
| group1 = '''mukongomisi wa tifilimi :'''
| list1 =
[[The Land Of Skulls]] 
| group2 = '''mutsari wa tifilimi :'''
| list2 =
[[Zulkiaf Riaz]]
| group3 = '''mutlangi :'''
| list3 =
[[Farhan Butt]] 
| below =
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Ntlawa:Thekinoloji]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Xihlawuhlawu xo tsandzeka ku vona muvala</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1837" sha1="1h6v78ew5yizan92czkdlsfqwxaul75" xml:space="preserve">Ku bofa mivala i rito leri tirhisiweke hi vaavanyisi va huvo-nkulu ya le Amerika eka mavonelo yo hlaya lama yelanaka na '''ku''' ringana ka rixaka na ku ringana, ngopfu-ngopfu eka dyondzo ya mani na mani.&lt;ref name=&quot;PICS&quot;&gt;[[Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1]] https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/06pdf/05-908.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531195839/http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/06pdf/05-908.pdf |date=2010-05-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rito leri ri kombetela eka xiyimo xa vutshunguri xa vubofu bya muvala.

Mianakanyo ya rixaka leyi nga voniki yi nga hlamuseriwa tanihi ku va ni ripfumelo ra leswaku rixaka kumbe rixaka ra munhu a ri fanelanga ku kucetela ndlela leyi munhu yoloye a khomiwaka ha yona etikweni. Leswi swi avanyisiwe hi swiyenge swimbirhi, ku papalata muhlovo na ku papalata matimba. Ku balekela muhlovo i ripfumelo leri hlamuuselaka leswaku vanhu a va fanelangi ku khomiwa ku hambana na vanhu  van'wana, kasi ku balekela matimba swi vula leswaku muhlovo wa munhu wo karhi a wu fanelangi ku n'wi sivela ku fikelela nchumu wo karhi.

Eminkarhini yin'wana eka matimu ya le Amerika, vanhu xikan'we na mintlawa ya vona va tirhisile rito leri ku kombisa ku navela kumbe ku hehliwa leswaku tiko leri nga na ntshuxeko endzhaku ka xihlawuhlawu kumbe ntshikelelo. Ri hlamusela na leswaku milawu yi nga pfumeleli xihlawuhlawu. Minkarhi yin'wana swi tiyisisiwile leswaku ku hambana ka milawu ku ya hi vanhu swi endla ku vuhambano byo karhi

Van'wamatimu na vativi va ntshanisano  va kanetanile hi ntshembo wa leswaku ku ringana ka vanhu a ku se fikeleriwa.&lt;ref&gt;Holmes, David G. (2007) [[doi:10.1080/07350190709336684|Affirmative Reaction: Kennedy, Nixon, King, and the Evolution of Color-Blind Rhetoric]], Rhetoric Review, 26:1, 25–41, DOI:&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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      <id>39857</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3215" sha1="7c71dy6d2hftvap0dbhd0kazbunojte" xml:space="preserve">'''Ku bofa mivala''' i rito leri tirhisiweke hi vaavanyisi va huvo-nkulu ya le Amerika eka mavonelo yo hlaya lama yelanaka na '''ku''' ringana ka rixaka na ku ringana, ngopfu-ngopfu eka dyondzo ya mani na mani.&lt;ref name=&quot;PICS&quot;&gt;[[Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1]] https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/06pdf/05-908.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531195839/http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/06pdf/05-908.pdf |date=2010-05-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rito leri ri kombetela eka xiyimo xa vutshunguri xa vubofu bya muvala.

Mianakanyo ya rixaka leyi nga voniki yi nga hlamuseriwa tanihi ku va ni ripfumelo ra leswaku rixaka kumbe rixaka ra munhu a ri fanelanga ku kucetela ndlela leyi munhu yoloye a khomiwaka ha yona etikweni. Leswi swi avanyisiwe hi swiyenge swimbirhi, ku papalata muhlovo na ku papalata matimba. Ku balekela muhlovo i ripfumelo leri hlamuuselaka leswaku vanhu a va fanelangi ku khomiwa ku hambana na vanhu  van'wana, kasi ku balekela matimba swi vula leswaku muhlovo wa munhu wo karhi a wu fanelangi ku n'wi sivela ku fikelela nchumu wo karhi.

Eminkarhini yin'wana eka matimu ya le Amerika, vanhu xikan'we na mintlawa ya vona va tirhisile rito leri ku kombisa ku navela kumbe ku hehliwa leswaku tiko leri nga na ntshuxeko endzhaku ka xihlawuhlawu kumbe ntshikelelo. Ri hlamusela na leswaku milawu yi nga pfumeleli xihlawuhlawu. Minkarhi yin'wana swi tiyisisiwile leswaku ku hambana ka milawu ku ya hi vanhu swi endla ku vuhambano byo karhi

Van'wamatimu na vativi va ntshanisano  va kanetanile hi ntshembo wa leswaku ku ringana ka vanhu a ku se fikeleriwa.&lt;ref&gt;Holmes, David G. (2007) [[doi:10.1080/07350190709336684|Affirmative Reaction: Kennedy, Nixon, King, and the Evolution of Color-Blind Rhetoric]], Rhetoric Review, 26:1, 25–41, DOI:&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ansell 2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=320–322}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Eka mavonelo ya huvo-nkulu ya tiko Amerika ==
''Justice John Marshall Harlan'' u endlile tsalwa ro hambana na ra  ''Plessy v. Ferguson(1896) loko aku:'' &quot;Vumbiwa bya hina a byi na muvala, naswona a byi tivi kumbe ku tiyiselela mintlawa exikarhi ka vaaka-tiko. Mayelana na timfanelo ta vanhu, vaaka-tiko hinkwavo va ringana emahlweni ka nawu. Loyi a titsongahataka i munghana wa loyi a nga ni matimba swinene. Nawu wu teka munhu tanihi munhu, naswona a wu tekeriwi enhlokweni ndhawu leyi a nga eka yona kumbe muvala wa yena loko timfanelo ta yena ta ximfumo tanihi leswi ti tiyisekisiweke hi nawu wa tiko ti katseka&quot;. Miehleketo ya yena yi nga hlamuseriwa tanihi ku vula leswaku, milawu a yi fanelanga ku hambana hambi loko ku ri vanhu va tinxaka to hambana. Mavonelo ya yena a ku nga ri xiboho lexi seketeriwaka hi vanhu vo tala kambe lexi hi nkarhi wolowo a xi ri xa leswaku milawu leyi lavaka xihlawuhlawu xa rixaka a yi pfumeleriwa, yi simeka miehleketo ya leswaku &quot;ku khomiwa hi ndlela leyi hambaneke kambe hi ku ringana&quot; a swi amukeleka hi ku ya hi vumbiwa.

Sweswinyana, marito lawa ya nge ku   ri humelerile eka mavonelo ya Huvo-nkulu ya le United States lama katsaka ku teka goza ro seketela, eka mavonelo lama seketelaka ku tekeriwa enhlokweni ka rixaka loko ku kambisisiwa milawu ni vuyelo bya yona.

==Mintshaho==
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    <title>Ku hlanganisiwa ka ndhavuko</title>
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'''Ku hlanganisiwa ka ndhavuko''' I endlelo leri ntlawa wa vanhu lavatsongo kumbe [[Ndzhavuko|ndhavuko]] lowu fikaka wu fana ni ntlawa lowukulu wa vanhu kumbe ku hlanganisiwa ka mimpimanyeto, mahanyelo na ripfumelo ra ntlawa un'wana ku nga khathariseki leswaku I ku helela kumbe hi xiphemu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaappl03spie |last=Spielberger |first=Charles|publisher=Academic Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780126574104 |location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaappl03spie/page/n576 615]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinxaka to hambana ta ku hlanganisiwa ka ndhavuko ti katsa ku hlanganisiwa loku heleleke na ku hlanganisiwa loku sindzisiweke ku hlanganisiwa loku heleleke ku ri wona lowu hangalaleke ngopfu eka leswi mbirhi tanihi leswi swi humelelaka hi ku tisungulela.

Hi nkarhi wa ku hlanganisiwa ka ndhavuko, mintlawa ya vanhu lavantsongo yi languteriwe ku pfumelelana na swiyimo swa masiku hinkwayo ya ndhavuko lowu lawulaka hi ririmi na malangutelo xikan'we na hi ku tirhisa swilo swa nkoka swinene swa ikhonomi ya vaaki swo fana na ku nghenelela eka vaaki ya ndhavuko na mintirho ya ndhawu.  

Tinxaka tin'wana ta ku hlanganisiwa ka ndhavuko ti swi fana na ku cinca ka ndhavuko leswi endlaka leswaku ntlawa wa vanhu lavantsonga kumbe ndhavuko swi hetelela swi hlanganisa swilo swa ndhavuko no pfumelela va etlela eka ndhavuko leswaku va ta hlamusela swimunhuhatwa swa ntlawa wa vanhu lavantsongo loko va karhi va lava ku landzelela ndhavuko wa vona.

==Mintshaho==
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    <title>Ku tirhisiwa ka ndhavuko</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1146103272|Cultural appropriation]]&quot;</comment>
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Ku tekela ndhavuko Iku amukeriwa loku nga fanelangiki kumbe loku nga amukeriwiki ka xiphemu kumbe swiaki swa ndhavuko swinwana kuri vutivi, xiphemu kumbe swiyenge swa ndhavuko wun'wana kumbe vutitivisi hi swirho swa [[Ndzhavuko|ndhavuko]] kumbe vutitiviki byin'wana.

Leswi swingava na njhekanjhekisano ngopfu ngopfu loko swirho swa ndhavuko lowu lawulaka swi tekiwa ku suka eka mindhavuko leyi tsongo .Kuya hi vaxopaxopi va mukhuva lowu ku tirhisiwa ka ndhavuko ka hambana kumbe ku cincana ka ndhavuko loku ringanaka  hikuva ku averiwa loku i xivumbeko xa vukuloni . 

Loko swiaki swa ndhavuko swi kopiwa ,swi kopiwa ku suka eka ndhavuko wo veka tihlo hi swirho swa ndhavuko -minkarhi yi nwana hambi kuri ku lwisana naku navela loku boxiweke hiku kongoma ka swirho swa ndhavuko wo sungula -mikhuva lowu wu tala ku amukeriwa hindlela yoka yinga lulamangi kumbe yoka yingari kahle 

Ku averiwa swi tekiwa swiri na khombo hi mintlawa yo hambana na vanhu lava tirhelaka ku hlayisa ndzhavuko , vanhu lava seketelaka kumbe timfanelo ta nhundzu ya vutlhari leti hlaneke ta mindzhavuko leyi humaka,ya mindhavuko leyitsongo .</text>
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    <title>Xihlawuhlawu xa ku kurisa</title>
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      <text bytes="5923" sha1="1q87smdsxqwpd8j96q27rec5ex8v4tt" xml:space="preserve"> '''Xihlawuhlawu xaku kurisa''' i xivumbeko laha vana va mintlawa leyitsongo,ngopfu ngopfu eka vana va ntima laha va khomiwa tani hi vanhu lava nkulu kambe vanga kulanga.Swiedlo leswi edliwaka hi vana  hileswi swingata tekiwa tani hi toloveto eka nwana ,kukula ka nwana swingaha tekiwa tani hiku tshinya naswona vana vanga tekiwa vari ni swikongomelo swo biha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Dancy, T. Elon. “(Un)Doing Hegemony in Education: Disrupting School-to-Prison Pipelines for Black Males.” ''Equity &amp; Excellence in Education'', vol. 47, no. 4, Routledge, 2014, pp. 476–93, https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2014.959271.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Goff, Phillip Atiba, et al. “The Essence of Innocence: Consequences of Dehumanizing Black Children.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 106, no. 4, American Psychological Association, 2014, pp. 526–45, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035663.&lt;/ref&gt; xikombiso lexi xinga eri valeni xa xihlawuhlawu lexi,hiloko nwana wa mutima atekiwa ingaku u kulu ku tlula malembe ya yena.ku twisisa loku kunga edla leswaku nwana wa mutima akula ari ni miehleketo ya vanhu lava kulu.Xikombiso loko nwana wa xisati a byeriwa leswaku a sweka ahari xikolweni kumbe ku siyiwa na vana hikarhi wa xikolo,kumbe nwana a nyikiwa mintirho yo tika ekaya.vana lava ava kumi nkari yo endla swilo swa xikolo kumbe ku wisa 

== Matimu ==
''Ku kurisiwa'' i rito ra ntivo-miehleketo leri hlamuselaka vana lava va tikhomaka hi vukulu ku tlula tintangha ta vona hikwalaho ka leswi va nyikiweke vutihlamuleri bya vanhu lavakulu ku sukela loko va ha ri vatsongo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Epstein, Rebecca; Blake, Jamilia J.; Gonzalez, Thalia. &quot;Publications&quot; (PDF). ''Georgetown Law Center for Poverty and Inclusion''. Retrieved 2022-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Nkambisiso wa 2017 eka vanhwanyana va vantima hi Georgetown Center on Gender Justice &amp; Opportunity wu katsa yin'wana ya minkambisiso yo sungula ya &quot;ku tlakusa rimbewu,&quot; leyi kombaka leswaku vanhu lavakulu va teka vanhwanyana va va vantima va fana ni vanhu lavakulu ku tlula tintangha ta vona ta valungu. Vulavisisi byebyo byi landzeriwe hi vulavisisi bya 2014 bya Philip Goff eka vafana va vantima, lebyi kombaka leswaku vafana va valungu va langutiwa va ri lavakulu naswona va ri ni nandzu swinene eka vugevenga ku tlula vafana va mulungu va malembe lama fanaka.

Vana va vantima va tshame va khomiwa ku fana ni vanhu lavakulu hi nkarhi wa vuhlonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;Teshome, Tezeru, and K. Wayne Yang. “Not Child but Meager: Sexualization and Negation of Black Childhood.” Small Axe : a Journal of Criticism, vol. 22, no. 3, Duke University Press, 2018, pp. 160–70, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1215/07990537-7249292&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;Erik M Hines, et al. “Preserving Innocence: Ending Perceived Adultification and Toxic Masculinity Toward Black Boys.” Journal of Family Strengths, vol. 21, no. 1, Children at Risk, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku khomiwa ka vana lava nga mahlonga a ku hambana etikweni hinkwaro ra United States. Mapurasi man'wana a ma nga nyiki vana mintirho kukondza va va vana va kondlo-a-ndzi-dyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Pargas, Damian Alan. “From the Cradle to the Fields: Slave Childcare and Childhood in the Antebellum South.” ''Slavery &amp; Abolition'', vol. 32, no. 4, Routledge, 2011, pp. 477–93, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2011.601618&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Van'wana va veka vana va vantima ku tirha ku sukela eka malembe ya 2 ku ya eka 3.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Epstein, Rebecca; Blake, Jamilia J.; Gonzalez, Thalia. &quot;Publications&quot; (PDF). ''Georgetown Law Center for Poverty and Inclusion''. Retrieved 2022-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Dumas, Michael J., and Joseph Derrick Nelson. “(Re)Imagining Black Boyhood: Toward a Critical Framework for Educational Research.” ''Harvard Educational Review'', vol. 86, no. 1, Harvard University, 2016, pp. 27–47, https://doi.org/10.17763/0017-8055.86.1.27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Vini va mahlonga a va ta endla xiboho xa leswaku vana lava nga mahlonga va ta endla ku cinca ku suka eka ku endla mintirho yo olova ku ya eka mintirho yo tika leyi averiweke vanhu lavakulu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Hi ntolovelo, ku cinca loku ku humelele loko va ri na nhungu ku ya eka kaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;United States Work Projects Administration. ''Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves. Administrative Files Records Bearing on the History of the Slave Narratives''. 2004-10-25. ''Project Gutenberg'', &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13847&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinhlamuselo ta minkambisiso ti hlamusele vanhwanyana va vantima &quot;va endla ku fana ni swiharhi&quot; naswona &quot;va fanele ku lawuriwa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Carter Andrews, Dorinda J., et al. “The Impossibility of Being ‘Perfect and White’: Black Girls’ Racialized and Gendered Schooling Experiences.” American Educational Research Journal, vol. 56, no. 6, SAGE Publications, 2019, pp. 2531–72, https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831219849392.&lt;/ref&gt; Tinhlamuselo leti ti fambisana na ku fananisiwa ka matimu ya vanhu va vantima na swiharhi, leswi nga nyanyisa xihlawuhlawu eka vana va vantima loko va tikhoma hi ndlela yo biha emahlweni ka vanhu va le henhla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Goff, Phillip Atiba, et al. “The Essence of Innocence: Consequences of Dehumanizing Black Children.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 106, no. 4, American Psychological Association, 2014, pp. 526–45, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035663.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Vulavisisi byi kume leswaku vana va vantima va yelana swinene na timfenhe ta le Afrika, ngopfu-ngopfu vafana lavantsongo va vantima.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Dumas, Michael J., and Joseph Derrick Nelson. “(Re)Imagining Black Boyhood: Toward a Critical Framework for Educational Research.” ''Harvard Educational Review'', vol. 86, no. 1, Harvard University, 2016, pp. 27–47, https://doi.org/10.17763/0017-8055.86.1.27.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mintshaho==
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[[File:The_10,000_Hookworm_Family.jpg|alt=Outdoor scene of a man and woman seated on chairs in front of a group of ten children of varying ages, barefoot and wearing simple clothing|thumb|Ndyangu lowu wa valungu lava nga evusiwaneni va humaku Alabama wu tivisiwile hi 1913 tanihi &quot;vanhu lava nga duma&quot; hikuva va baleke ku tsanisa tshikelela bya vuvabyi bya switsongwatsongwana, swin`we na pellagra a byi tolovelkile exikarhi ka valungu lava pfumalaka eDzongeni hikwalaho ka mbhasiso lowu nga nyawuriki na nchumu wo hlamarisa wa &quot;ku dya vumba&quot; kumbe &quot;ku dya msava.&quot;  (geophagia).]]
'''Tyhaka ra munhu wo basa''' i rito ri tirhisiwaka ku tekela ehansi rixaka na xiyimo xa munhu lexi tirhisiwaka eka Xinghezi xa le Amerika la swi languta eka valungu lava nga swisiwana, ngopfu-ngopfu tindhawini ta le makaya ya le dzongeni wale US. Lebulu leyi yi komba tlilasi ya ntshamiso a ndzeni ka ntalo wa valungu naswona ngopfu-ngopfu xiyimo xa vutomi lexi nga pfuneki nchumu. Ri tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo hambanisa lava &quot;hloniphaku na lava tirhaku ngopfu&quot; &quot;swisiwana swo lunga&quot; ka lava lolohaku, va nga yingiseku, va nga hlonipheku na lavo nyenyetsa&quot; &quot;swisiwana swo biha&quot;. ku tirhisa ka vito leri swi nyika valungu va swiyimo swa le xikarhi na le henhla, vati hlukanisa ka lava swisiwana na lava nga ri hava matimba eka valungu va swisiwana, lava nga koteku ku tiphina hi malunghelo, tanihi i ndlela yo lahla ku vona ka mahanyelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drinkard&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Drinkard |first=Allyson |editor1-last=Coleman |editor1-first=M.J. |editor2-last=Ganong |editor2-first=L.H. |title=The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia, Volume 3 |date=2014 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-1-4522-8615-0 |pages=1452–3 |chapter='White Trash' |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R3VpBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1452 |quote=Simply put, people labeled as white trash are judged to be inappropriately different than 'normal whites.' The white trash slur probably originated in African American slave slang, but middle- and upperclass whites ultimately made it part of the American class structure, first as 'lubbers' then as 'crackers.'}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Rito leri ri tirhisiwe eka vanhu lava tshamaka ehandle ka nawu wa vanhu, lava va langutiwaka va ri ni khombo hikuva va nga ha va va ri vugevenga, va nga tiveki, naswona va nga xiximi vulawuri bya tipolitiki, nawu, kumbe mahanyelo.[4] Hambileswi rito leri ri tirhisiwaka ngopfu hi valungu va le madorobeni ni va le xikarhi tanihi xikombiso xa ntlawa,[5] vatlangi van'wana va valungu va tivitana &quot;thyaka ro basa&quot;, va ri teka ri beji ya ku xiximiwa, naswona va valungu lava nga xiximiwaka hi vanhu va xiyimo xa le hansi.&lt;ref name=Drinkard/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Carroll&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Carroll |first1=Hamilton |title=Affirmative Reaction: New Formations of White Masculinity |date=2011 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-0-82-234948-8 |pages=102–103}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintshaho==
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    <title>Ku hambana, ku ringana ni ku katsiwa</title>
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      <text bytes="1160" sha1="7t8gvflxzlko3r7xtc0widnh2ud4kxx" xml:space="preserve">'''Ku hambana, ku ringana ni ku katsiwa''' i xivumbeko lexi lavaka ku tlakusa hi ndlela ya kahle na ku helela eka vanhu,ngopfu-ngopfu lokunga lulama eka vanhu na leswi vanhu vanga hleketa swona hi kwalaho ka masangu ya vona.vutisi,vulema na swinwana 

&quot;Ku hambana&quot; ku hlamusela ku hambana loku nga kona exikarhi ka ka vaaka-tiko lava vanga kona etikweni kukatsa mphikizano,rixaka,rimbewu na swamasangu,vutsoniwa na swinwana na swunwana.ku ringana i endlelo ro nyika minkarhi yo lulama hiku tirhisa tindlela ta vanhu hi yexe leti seketeriweke eka swilaveko swa vanhu.kusuka kwalano kuringana swikota ku ringana hiku anakanya xinwana na xinwana. 


Mintlhontlho yin'wana leyi hambaneke yi languteka na yona yiri na tinghoma ta matimu, na tindlela ta vanhu va masiku lama. hiko kwalaho ka ku hlanganana ka timhaka leti eka vaaka-tiko. ku hambana a ka tika swinene.Hambi leswi ku hambana naku ringana niku katwiwa yi tiviwaka ngopfu tanihi muxaka wa vuleteri bya mabindzu, matlhelo lawa ya nga kambisisiwa eka swiyimo swo hambana-hambana, ku katsa kambe ku nga ri ntsena eka tidyondzo, tindhawu ta mabindzu ya mabindzu yo tirha, swikolo na tindhawu ta vutshunguri.</text>
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      <text bytes="4622" sha1="1fhas82w9unstiilxp49l4clt4cvcgw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Malleus_maleficarum,_Köln_1520,_Titelseite.jpg|alt=Titlepage from the book Malleus Maleficarum|thumb|&quot;Hamari ya Vuloyi leyi lovisaka Vuloyi ni vugwinehi bya vona ku fana ni hi banga leri nga ni tinhla timbirhi&quot;. Tluka ra nhloko-mhaka ya nkandziyiso wa vunkombo wa Cologne wa ''Malleus Maleficarum'', 1520, ku suka eLayiburari ya Yunivhesiti ya Sydney.]]
'''Xihlawuhlawu xa rimbewu''' xi hlamuseriwa tanihi mianakanyo leyi seketeriweke nayinwani.

[[File:Annie_Kenney_and_Christabel_Pankhurst.jpg|alt=Two woman carry a sign reading &quot;Votes for Women&quot;.|thumb|Annie Kenney na Christabel Pankhurst]]
Yi tlhele yi kuma leswaku hambi leswi kwalomu ka matiko hinkwawo ya OECD, ku katsa na U.S., ma simekeke milawu yo lwisana na xihlawuhlawu, milawu leyi swa tika ku yi tirhisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;oecd1&quot;&gt;[[OECD]]. [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/8/19/40937574.pdf ''OECD Employment Outlook—2008 Edition Summary in English''.] OECD, Paris, 2008, p. 3-4.&lt;/ref&gt;

Vavasati lava nghenaka ngopfu eka mintlawa ya vatirhi ya vavanuna va nga tokota mimbuyelo yo biha ya ku tirhisiwa ka swilo swo karhi: mintshikilelo ya ku tirha, ku tihambanisa ni vanhu van'wana, na ku va ni xiphemu. Swikombiso swi nga tirhisiwa ku tumbeta xihlawuhlawu xa rimbewu, ku hlayisa ku humelela ka vatirhi va xinuna entirhweni. A ku na ku hlangana exikarhi ka nhlayo ya vavasati lava tirhaka eka nhlangano/khampani na ku antswisiwa ka swiyimo swa vona swa ntirho. Ku honisa timhaka ta xihlawuhlawu swi nga nyanyisa swiphiqo swa vavasati entirhweni.

Eka World Values Survey ya 2005, vanhu lava hlamulaka va vutisiwile loko va ehleketa leswaku ntirho wa muholo wu fanele ku va wa vavanuna ntsena. Le Iceland, phesente leyi pfumeleriweke a yi ri 3.6%, kasi le Egypt a yi ri 94.9%.&lt;ref&gt;[[Nicole Fortin|Fortin, Nicole]], &quot;Gender Role Attitudes and the Labour Market Outcomes of Women Across OECD Countries&quot;, ''[[Oxford Review of Economic Policy]]'', 2005, 21, 416–438.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ku kayivela eku thoriweni ===
Vulavisisi byi kombise hi ku phindha-phindha leswaku vamanana va le United States a va tali ku thoriwa ku fana ni vatatana lava nga ni vuswikoti lebyi ringanaka naswona loko va thoriwa, va kuma muholo wa le hansi ku tlula vavanuna lava nga ni vana. [ku tshaha loku hundzeletiweke]&lt;ref name=&quot;Folbre&quot;&gt;Folbre, Nancy. [https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/family-responsibility-discrimination-would-ayn-like-fred/ ''The Anti-Mommy Bias'']. New York Times, March 26, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Goodman&quot;&gt;[[Ellen Goodman|Goodman, Ellen]]. [https://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2007/05/11/a_third_gender_in_the_workplace/ ''A third gender in the workplace'']. [[The Boston Globe]], May 11, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cahn&quot;&gt;Cahn, Naomi and June Carbone. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/28/AR2010052802268.html ''Five myths about working mothers'']. [[The Washington Post]], May 30, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Young&quot;&gt;Young, Lauren. [http://www.businessweek.com/careers/workingparents/blog/archives/2009/06/the_motherhood.html ''The Motherhood Penalty: Working Moms Face Pay Gap Vs. Childless Peers'']. Bloomsberg Businessweek, June 05, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cornell&quot;&gt;News.cornell.edu. [http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Aug05/soc.mothers.dea.html ''Mothers face disadvantages in getting hired'']. August 4, 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nkambisiso wun'wana wu kume leswaku swikombelo swa vavasati a swi rhandziwa; hambiswiritano, vuyelo bya kona byi hlangane ni ku kanakana eka valavisisi van'wana, tanihi leswi byi kanetanaka na minkambisiso yin'wana yo tala eka mhaka leyi. Joan C. Williams, profesa la dumeke wa le Yunivhesiti ya California's Hastings College of Law, u tlakuse swiphiqo hi maendlelo ya yona, a kombisa leswaku vavasati lava a va ri kona a va ri ni vuswikoti lebyi nga tolovelekangiki. Minkambisiso leyi tirhisaka swichudeni swa mathwasana leswi nga ni vuswikoti byo tala yi kume leswaku swichudeni swa xinuna swi tala ku thoriwa, swi nyika miholo yo antswa, naswona swi nyika vuleteri.

Le Yuropa, minkambisiso leyi seketeriweke eka minkambisiso ya le tindhawini ta mintirho, yi nyika vumbhoni bya leswaku a ku na swiyenge swo tika swa xihlawuhlawu lexi sekeriweke eka rimbewu ra vavasati. Hambiswiritano, ku khomiwa lo nga ringaniki ka ha pimiwa eka swiyimo swo karhi, hi xikombiso, loko lava lavaka  va kona va endla xikombelo xa swikhundlha swa le henhla eBelgium, [ku tsandzeka ku tiyisisa] loko va endla xikambelo loko va ri emalembeni ya vona yo veleka eFurwa, [ku tiyisisa loku tsandzekeke] ni loko va endla swikombelo swa mintirho leyi lawuriwaka hi vavanuna eAustria.

== Mintshaho ==
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&lt;references group=&quot;C. J. (2015). Figure 2f from: Irimia R, Gottschling M (2016) Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: E7720. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720. How Women of Color Are Portrayed on the Cover of Magazines: A Content Analysis on the Images of Black/African, Latina, Asian and Native American (BALANA), 0-49. doi:10.3897/bdj.4.e7720.figure2f&quot; /&gt;
Xihlawuhlawu eka tsaku ya dzovo ya mihlovo.Kambe xihlawuhlawu eka tsaku ya dzovo ya mihlovo xi tiveka tanihi xihlawuhlawu lexi seketeriweke hji mavala ya nhlonge kambe xivumbeke tanihi xihlawuhlawu lexi langutekeke hoin swa mixaka ya vanhu vo hambana hambana ka nhlonge ya vanhu. 

Vulavisi byi kume vuthala byo tala mayilana ni mhaka ya xihlawuhlawu xa tsaku ya dzovo ya mihlovo, mabindzu,ikhonomi,tiyindlu,rihanyo,Nongoti wa (Terminology) wa Ndzhuteko(Digital) na Mpaluxo na tipolitiki eUnited State na (Europe)Yuropa. Nhlonge ya vanhu vo ni nhlonge ya vanhu vo ntima ematikweni yale Afrika Asia na Amerika Dzonga.

== Emisaveni Hinkwayo ==
 
Xihlamuselamarito xin'wana,ku va ni xihlawuhlawu swi vula ku venga vanhu va tinxaka ti nwana.Vulavisisi byi komba nhlonge ni ti dyondzo na ntirho wa valungu lowu vava nyikeke.Va ntima ava hanyisiwa ku vava hikuyaya hi nlonge ya vona kambe na loko va endzela rihanyo na swona aswo fana hiku nava nga khomi kahle.&lt;ref name=&quot;ssrn.com&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Jones | first1 = Trina | year = 2001 | title = Shades of Brown: The Law of Skin Color | url = http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1080&amp;context=dlj| journal = Duke Law Journal | volume = 49 | issue = 1487 | doi = 10.2139/ssrn.233850}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Mintshaho ==
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----

{{Bio}}

Hosi '''Isaac Kheto Nxumalo''' ''(ca 1911 - † Sunguti 1999)''&lt;ref name=Mathebula&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mathebula |first=Mandla |title=800 years of Tsonga history |publisher=Sasavona |year=2013 |isbn=9780620295673 |edition=1st |pages=100 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; akuri n'wana wa [[Thulamahashe]], naswona athlela ava mukhomela vukosi wa Hosi [[Mafemani]] wa mfumo wa Gaza kusukela hi lembe ra 1942 kuya eka 1967.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sac.limpopo.gov.za/sstaff/pages/sites/dsac/documents/newsletters/Mapungubwe%20News%20Special%20edition%202009.pdf|title=The enviable legacy of our forebearers|website=www.sac.limpopo.gov.za|access-date=2023-03-28|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328103515/http://www.sac.limpopo.gov.za/sstaff/pages/sites/dsac/documents/newsletters/Mapungubwe%20News%20Special%20edition%202009.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hosi Kheto uve na xiyenge eku simekiweni ka mfumo wa tiko xikaya wa Gazankulu, a thlela a lwela ku susiwa ka machangana e Bushbuckridge.&lt;ref name=Ritchken&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ritchken |first=Edwin |date=20 November 1995 |title=Leadership and Conflict in Bushbuckridge : Struggles to Define Moral Economies Within the Context of Rapidly Transforming Political Economies (1978 - 1990) |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/archive-files3/the19951120.046.000.pdf |journal=University of the Witwatersrand |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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Hosi '''Mafemani Heavyman Nxumalo''' ''(ca 1925 - † 12 N'wendzamhala 1973&lt;ref name=Limpopo&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sac.limpopo.gov.za/sstaff/pages/sites/dsac/documents/newsletters/Mapungubwe%20News%20Special%20edition%202009.pdf|title=The enviable legacy of our forebearers|website=www.sac.limpopo.gov.za|access-date=2023-03-28|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328103515/http://www.sac.limpopo.gov.za/sstaff/pages/sites/dsac/documents/newsletters/Mapungubwe%20News%20Special%20edition%202009.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; )'' akuri hosi ya mfumo wa Gaza naswona ari n'wana wa hosi [[Buyisonto]]. Vukosi bya hosi Mafemani byi ve lebyo koma, laha a vekiweke kuva hosi hi siku ra 1 [[Hukuri]] 1967 ku kufikela loko a ta khinsama hi 12 [[N'wendzamhala]] 1973. Mafemani a ari na malembe ya nkombo loko tata wakwe hosi Buyisonto a khinsama, leswi vangeleke leswaku malume wakwe [[Kheto]] ava mukhomela vukosi.&lt;ref name=Limpopo/&gt;  


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Hosi '''Nghobo Mackson Nxumalo''' akuri mukhomela vukosi wa Hosi [[Eric Nxumalo|Mpisana II]] wa mfumo wa Gaza kusukela hi lembe ra 1976 kuya eka 1981.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sac.limpopo.gov.za/sstaff/pages/sites/dsac/documents/newsletters/Mapungubwe%20News%20Special%20edition%202009.pdf|title=The enviable legacy of our forebearers|website=www.sac.limpopo.gov.za|access-date=2023-03-28|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328103515/http://www.sac.limpopo.gov.za/sstaff/pages/sites/dsac/documents/newsletters/Mapungubwe%20News%20Special%20edition%202009.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2012/369.html|title=Nxumalo v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others (3829/2011) [2012] ZAGPPHC 369 (12 November 2012)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; U rhangele huvo ya vukosi bya machangana e Bushbuckridge.

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Hosi '''Mpisani Eric Nxumalo''' ''(Mpisani II)'' ''(ca 1959 - † 3 Nyenyankulu 2021 &lt;ref name=Limpopo&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sac.limpopo.gov.za/sstaff/pages/sites/dsac/documents/newsletters/Mapungubwe%20News%20Special%20edition%202009.pdf|title=The enviable legacy of our forebearers|website=www.sac.limpopo.gov.za|access-date=2023-03-28|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328103515/http://www.sac.limpopo.gov.za/sstaff/pages/sites/dsac/documents/newsletters/Mapungubwe%20News%20Special%20edition%202009.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Nwamintwa&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thevillagevoice.co.za/bayethe-nxumalo-passes-on/|title=‘Bayethe’ Nxumalo passes on - Dr Nwamitwa II, 4 March 2021|website=www.thevillagevoice.co.za|access-date=2023-03-28|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328171743/https://www.thevillagevoice.co.za/bayethe-nxumalo-passes-on/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;)'' akuri hosi ya mfumo wa Gaza, leyi fumeke malembe yo lehal kutlula tihosi hinkwato ta mfumo wa Gaza. Mpisana ari n'wana wa hosi [[Mafemani]], naswona ukhomeriwe vukosi hi malume wakwe hosi [[Nghobo]] endzhaku ka kulova ka tata wakwe hi lembe ra 1973. Mpisana u vekiwe vukosi hi lembe ra 1981 kufikela loko ata khinsama hi lembe ra 2021. Hosi Mpisana u aleriwe vukosi bya matsonga/machangana hi khomixini ya Nhlapho hi lembe ra 2012.&lt;ref name=Nhlapho&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2012/369.html|title=Nxumalo v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others (3829/2011) [2012] ZAGPPHC 369 (12 November 2012)|website=www.saflii.org|access-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Mokati&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/saturday-star-south-africa/20130406/281943130349183 Saturday Star|title=A king without a castle - Noni Mokati, 6 April 2013 |website=www.pressreader.com|access-date=2023-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;  


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'''Wayback''' '''Machine''' i vuhlayiselo bya thekinoloji bya inthaneti (World Wide Web) lebyi sunguriweke hi Internet Archive, nhlangano lowu nga bindzurisiki lowu nga eSan Francisco, California. Muchini lowu wu tumbuluxiwile hi lembe ra 1996 naswona wu sungule ku tirha hi lembe ra 2001. Muchini lowu wu pfumelela ku tlhelela endzhaku hi nkarhi na ku vona ndlela leyi matluka ya inthaneti a ya languteka ha yona enkarhini lowu hundzeke. Vasunguri va yona, Brewster Kahle na Bruce Gilliat, va tumbuluxe Wayback Machine ku nyika &quot;ku fikelela vutivi hinkwabyo&quot; hi ku hlayisa tikhopi ta matluka ya inthaneti lama nga ha riki kona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kahle |first=Brewster |date=2005-11-23 |title=Universal Access to all Knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/SDForumBK |archive-date=2022-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814164546/https://archive.org/details/SDForumBK |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wayback Machine yi sungule hi Mudyaxihi 10, 1996, naswona yi hlayise matluka yo tlula 38.2 wa timiliyoni eku heleni ka lembe ra 2009.  sukela hi siku ra 13 ka Nyenyankulu 2023, Wayback Machine yi hlayise matluka yo tlula 800 wa tibiliyoni ya inthaneti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Archived copy |url=https://web.archive.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313021854/https://archive.org/web/ |archive-date=2023-03-13 |access-date= |website=web.archive.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1780</title>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1858</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <title>Category:Lembe ro velekiwa</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1930</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-15T09:57:34Z</timestamp>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1927</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6836</id>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-15T09:58:08Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1932</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6837</id>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-15T09:58:41Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1925</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6838</id>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-15T09:59:10Z</timestamp>
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        <id>315</id>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1973</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6839</id>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-15T09:59:19Z</timestamp>
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        <id>315</id>
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    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1790</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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        <id>315</id>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1859</title>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-16T13:31:07Z</timestamp>
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        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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    <ns>14</ns>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1879</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-16T13:31:20Z</timestamp>
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        <id>315</id>
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    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1825</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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        <id>315</id>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1884</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6848</id>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-16T13:32:27Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1942</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37391</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-16T13:33:54Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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    <title>Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1911</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6850</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37394</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-16T13:35:02Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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    <title>Category:Lava loveke hi 1999</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
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    <title>Mfumo wa Zulu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6852</id>
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      <timestamp>2024-08-19T01:22:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Intermy</username>
        <id>10794</id>
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      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2407" sha1="ltxkqhk6rqadmytccj5krzyw1f5sgaj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Shaka's_Empire_map.svg|thumb|250x250px|Mepe lowu kombisaka ku humelela ka Mfumo wa Zulu ehansi ka Shaka (1816 Tian1828) eAfrika Dzonga ra manguva lawa. Ku tlakuka ka Mfumo wa Zulu swi sindzise tindhuna tin'wana na mindyangu ku baleka eka ndhawu leyikulu ya le dzongeni wa Afrika.]]
'''Mfumo wa Zulu''' (/ˈzuːluː/, Zulu: KwaZulu), a ku ri mfumo wa le Dzongeni wa Afrika. Hi malembe ya 1810, Shaka u simeke vuthu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shaka Zulu: Africa's Napoleon?|url=https://www.historynet.com/shaka-zulu-africas-napoleon.htm|last=Wilkinson|first=Stephan|date=2017-03-14|website=HistoryNet|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Meredith |first=Martin |url= |title=The Fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour |date= |publisher=Public Affairs |others= |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-61039-459-8 |location=New York |pages=237-238 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; leri hlanganiseke mintlawa leyi phikizanaka na rona kutani a aka valandzeri vo tala lava a va fuma xiphemu lexikulu xa [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] lexi a xi famba eribuweni ra Lwandle ra [[Indiya]] ku suka eNambyeni wa Tukela edzongeni ku ya eNambyeni wa Pongola en'walungwini.

Nyimpi ya xin'wana-manana yo chavisa exikarhi ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-19 yi tlhekekile leyi heteleleke hi Nyimpi ya Ndondakusuka ya 1859 exikarhi ka vamakwavo Cetshwayo na Mbuyazi. Mintlawa leyi balekeke endhawini ya nyimpi ya Zulu a yi katsa [[Soshanghana|Soshangane]], Zwangendaba, Ndebele, Hlubi, [[ESwatini|Ngwane]] na Mfengu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mfecane |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mintlawa yo hlaya yi khomiwile exikarhi ka Mfumo wa Zulu na Voortrekkers na Mfumo wa Britain wo fana na Xhosa. Evuxeni bya ndhawu ya rihlaza a ku ri tiko ra Mpondo ehansi ka hosi ya vona Faku na rixaka ra makwavo wa vona Mpondomise. Faku u vumbe Tiko ra Munhu la nga riki na munhu tanihi xisirhelelo exikarhi ka mfumo wa yena na Zulu. Hi 1879, vuthu ra Manghezi ri hlasele mfumo wa Zulu. Endzhaku ka ku hlula ko sungula ka Zulu eNyimpini ya Isandlwana hi sunguti, Manghezi ma hlanganile nakambe kutani ma hlula Zulu hi July hi nkarhi wa Nyimpi ya Ulundi, ku herisa nyimpi. Endzhaku ka swona, mfumo lowu wu ve xiphemu xa Tiko re mpatswa wa Afrika Dzonga.

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Former countries in Africa]]
[[Category:African Kingdoms]]</text>
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    <title>Ndhuna-nkulu ya vusocha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1130" sha1="fhxkomr33p8nqppslyjf1dq1dn412to" xml:space="preserve">'''Ndhuna-nkulu ya vusocha''' (na leswi ringanaka na yona hi ku kongoma eka tindzimi to hlaya) i xiyimo xale henhla xa masocha, naswona xikombisa vurhangeri lebyi heleleke bya mvuthu ya nyimpi ya tiko rokarhi.

== Matimu ==
Rito &quot;Ndhuna-nkulu ya vusocha&quot; ri sungule ku humelela hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-14, kumbexana ku tirhisiwa ko sungula ka rito ndhuna-nkulu ya nyimpi eka swiyimo swa vusocha.&lt;ref name=lingard&gt;{{cite book|first=John|last=Lingard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZxXAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=Commander-in-Chief+within+the+Commonwealth+of+England+fairfax&amp;pg=PA447|title=A History of England from the First Invasion by the Romans|page=447|volume=XI|publisher=Baldwin and Cradock|year=1829}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rito leri a ri dumile eka malembe xidzana ya vu-16 na ya vu-17, kambe hi tinhlamuselo to hambana-hambana hi ku ya hi tiko, a ri nga ha tirhisiwi ngopfu eka lembe xidzana ra vu-18. Swiyenge swin'wana swa ndhuna-nkulu, leswi hambanaka na ndhuna-ntsongo, a swi ri na mfungho wa &quot;jenerala&quot;; xikombiso, ndhuna-jenerala, ndhuna ya nyimpi, ndhuna'wana.

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Swiyimo swa Vusocha]]
[[Category:Nyimpi]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Swiyimo swa Vusocha</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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  <page>
    <title>Hosi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6855</id>
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      <timestamp>2023-04-18T08:29:18Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
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      <text bytes="1422" sha1="2xwrsr2v2wggzwjh9ggmgh51mxlr3s6" xml:space="preserve">'''Hosi''' i nhloko ya tiko&lt;ref name=&quot;webster&quot;&gt;Webster's II New College Dictionary.[https://web.archive.org/web/20140517153238/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/monarch?q=monarch Monarch]. Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. {{ISBN|0-395-96214-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; eka vutomi bya yona hinkwabyo kumbe ku fikela loko yi tshika vukosi, xisweswo i nhloko ya mfumo wa vuhosi. Hosi yi nga tirhisa matimba ya le henhla swinene eka mfumo, kumbe van'wana va nga tirhisa matimba wolawo hi ku yimela hosi. Hi ntolovelo hosi yi kuma mfanelo ya le nawini yo tirhisa timfanelo ta mfumo (leyi hakanyingi yi vuriwaka ''xiluvelo'' kumbe ''harhi'') kumbe yi hlawuriwa hi endlelo leri simekiweke eka ndyangu kumbe ntlawa lowu nga ni mfanelo yo veka hosi ya tiko. 

Loko n'wana lontsongo a vekiwa ku va hosi, kutani mukhomela-vukosi u tala ku vekiwa ku fuma ku kondza hosi yi fika eka malembe ya ku kota fuma. Matimba ya xiviri ya tihosi ya hambana ku suka eka mfumo wun'wana ku ya eka wun'wana na minkarhi yo hambana-hambana; eka tlhelo rin'wana, hosi yngava na vukosi bya ntiyiso; eka tlhelo lerin'wana yi va nhloko ya mfumo leyi nga ni matimba matsongo kumbe leyi nga riki na matimba yo kongoma kumbe matimba lama hlayisiweke ntsena, leyi nga ni vulawuri bya xiviri lebyi nyikiweke palamendhe kumbe nhlangano wun'wana (vuhulumendhe ya vumbiwa).

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}

[[category:vukosi]]
[[Category:Politiki]]</text>
      <sha1>2xwrsr2v2wggzwjh9ggmgh51mxlr3s6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Vukosi</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6856</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37423</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T08:29:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37423</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Talkheader</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6858</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37449</id>
      <parentid>37440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T09:23:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37449</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1362" sha1="l5cmmska29t1rtn7mrun5edkq2fywz5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/tmbox.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Talk header/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{bottom}}} | yes
| {{Tmbox
| small = {{{small|}}}
| image = none
| style = text-align: center
| text  = {{Strong|Please place new discussions at the bottom of the talk page.}}
}}
}}&lt;table role=&quot;presentation&quot; class=&quot;tmbox tmbox-notice talkheader plainlinks&quot; id=&quot;talkheader&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: separate;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{custom_header|}}} | {{{custom_header}}} | {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACE}} | User talk | Leri it tluka ra mbulavuriswano na {{Subpage other|a subpage of&amp;#32;}}[[{{#titleparts: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|1}}|{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}}|1}}]]'s [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|talk page]], laha unga rhumelaka {{Gender|{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}}|1}}|obj}} marungula na switsundzuxo.|Leri [[Wikipedia:Swiletelo swa tluka ra ku vulavula|tluka ra mbulavurisano]] ro kanela hi {{#if: {{{wp|}}} | [[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] na swin'wana na swin'wana leswi yelanaka na rona| Matshalatshala yo antswisa ta tsalwa ra [[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{#if: {{{display_title|}}} |{{{display_title}}} | {{PAGENAME}}}}]]}}.&lt;br/&gt; {{#if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} || Tluka leri a hi ra [[Wikipedia:Leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona|mabulu]] la mayelanaka na nhloko mhaka ya tluka leri.}}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;</text>
      <sha1>l5cmmska29t1rtn7mrun5edkq2fywz5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Talk header/styles.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37426</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T08:49:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;/* {{pp-template}} */ /* Talk header styles */ .talkheader { 	text-align: center; }  .talkheader-body { 	display: flex; }  .talkheader-help, .talkheader-policies, .talkheader-shortcuts { 	display: flex; 	align-items: center; 	padding: 0.1em; }  .talkheader-help { 	flex: 2 1 auto; 	border: 1px solid #c0c090; 	background-color: white; }  .talkheader-policies { 	flex: 1 1 auto; }  .talkheader-policies + .talkheader-policies { 	border-left: 1px solid #c0c090; }  .talkheader-...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37426</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="767" sha1="emtg9nnusx0pzwqmyckx05dufm63wf7" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
/* Talk header styles */
.talkheader {
	text-align: center;
}

.talkheader-body {
	display: flex;
}

.talkheader-help,
.talkheader-policies,
.talkheader-shortcuts {
	display: flex;
	align-items: center;
	padding: 0.1em;
}

.talkheader-help {
	flex: 2 1 auto;
	border: 1px solid #c0c090;
	background-color: white;
}

.talkheader-policies {
	flex: 1 1 auto;
}

.talkheader-policies + .talkheader-policies {
	border-left: 1px solid #c0c090;
}

.talkheader-shortcuts {
	flex: 0 1 auto;
}

.talkheader-help &gt; *,
.talkheader-policies &gt; *,
.talkheader-shortcuts &gt; * {
	flex: 1 1 auto;
}

.talkheader-help ul,
.talkheader-policies ul {
	margin: 0.1em 0.8em 0 1.6em;
	text-align: left;
}

@media (min-width: 720px) {
	.talkheader {
		min-width: 80%;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>emtg9nnusx0pzwqmyckx05dufm63wf7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Message box/tmbox.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6860</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37427</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T08:50:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;/* {{pp|small=y}} */ .tmbox { 	margin: 4px 0; 	border-collapse: collapse; 	border: 1px solid #c0c090;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; gray-brown */ 	background-color: #f8eaba; 	box-sizing: border-box; }  /* For the &quot;small=yes&quot; option. */ .tmbox.mbox-small { 	font-size: 88%; 	line-height: 1.25em; }  .tmbox-speedy { 	border: 2px solid #b32424;    /* Red */ 	background-color: #fee7e6;    /* Pink */ }  .tmbox-delete { 	border: 2px solid #b32424;    /* Red */ }  .tmbox-content { 	bord...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37427</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="1308" sha1="repsn0utfco8z4dkb5nw3sm9fowmpms" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp|small=y}} */
.tmbox {
	margin: 4px 0;
	border-collapse: collapse;
	border: 1px solid #c0c090;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; gray-brown */
	background-color: #f8eaba;
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* For the &quot;small=yes&quot; option. */
.tmbox.mbox-small {
	font-size: 88%;
	line-height: 1.25em;
}

.tmbox-speedy {
	border: 2px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
	background-color: #fee7e6;    /* Pink */
}

.tmbox-delete {
	border: 2px solid #b32424;    /* Red */
}

.tmbox-content {
	border: 2px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}

.tmbox-style {
	border: 2px solid #fc3;       /* Yellow */
}

.tmbox-move {
	border: 2px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}

.tmbox .mbox-text {
	border: none;
	/* @noflip */
	padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
	width: 100%;
}

.tmbox .mbox-image {
	border: none;
	/* @noflip */
	padding: 2px 0 2px 0.9em;
	text-align: center;
}

.tmbox .mbox-imageright {
	border: none;
	/* @noflip */
	padding: 2px 0.9em 2px 0;
	text-align: center;
}

/* An empty narrow cell */
.tmbox .mbox-empty-cell {           
	border: none;
	padding: 0;
	width: 1px;
}

.tmbox .mbox-invalid-type {
	text-align: center;
}

@media (min-width: 720px) {
	.tmbox {
		margin: 4px 10%;
	}
	
	.tmbox.mbox-small {
		/* @noflip */
		clear: right;
		/* @noflip */
		float: right;
		/* @noflip */
		margin: 4px 0 4px 1em;
		width: 238px;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>repsn0utfco8z4dkb5nw3sm9fowmpms</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Pagetype</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6861</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37428</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T08:51:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:pagetype|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt; &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37428</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="179" sha1="lljnsh3xa96oyrio8us1qbonct9sq7b" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#invoke:pagetype|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lljnsh3xa96oyrio8us1qbonct9sq7b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Pagetype</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37429</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T08:52:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --                                                                            -- --                                PAGETYPE                                    -- --                                                                            -- --      This is a meta-module intended to replace {{pagetype}} and similar    -- --      templates. It automatically detects namespaces, and allows for...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37429</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6765" sha1="3uutklb10j89clizor7gnyrlkhbqg0d" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                                                            --
--                                PAGETYPE                                    --
--                                                                            --
--      This is a meta-module intended to replace {{pagetype}} and similar    --
--      templates. It automatically detects namespaces, and allows for a      --
--      great deal of customisation. It can easily be ported to other         --
--      wikis by changing the values in the [[Module:Pagetype/config]].       --
--                                                                            --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Load config.
local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Pagetype/config')

-- Load required modules.
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
local nsDetectModule = require('Module:Namespace detect')
local nsDetect = nsDetectModule._main
local getParamMappings = nsDetectModule.getParamMappings
local getPageObject = nsDetectModule.getPageObject

local p = {}

local function shallowCopy(t)
	-- Makes a shallow copy of a table.
	local ret = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		ret[k] = v
	end
	return ret
end

local function checkPagetypeInput(namespace, val)
	-- Checks to see whether we need the default value for the given namespace,
	-- and if so gets it from the pagetypes table.
	-- The yesno function returns true/false for &quot;yes&quot;, &quot;no&quot;, etc., and returns
	-- val for other input.
	local ret = yesno(val, val)
	if ret and type(ret) ~= 'string' then
		ret = cfg.pagetypes[namespace]
	end
	return ret
end

local function getPagetypeFromClass(class, param, aliasTable, default)
	-- Gets the pagetype from a class specified from the first positional
	-- parameter.
	param = yesno(param, param)
	if param ~= false then -- No check if specifically disallowed.
		for _, alias in ipairs(aliasTable) do
			if class == alias then
				if type(param) == 'string' then
					return param
				else
					return default
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

local function getNsDetectValue(args)
	-- Builds the arguments to pass to [[Module:Namespace detect]] and returns
	-- the result.

	-- Get the default values.
	local ndArgs = {}
	local defaultns = args[cfg.defaultns]
	if defaultns == cfg.defaultnsAll then
		ndArgs = shallowCopy(cfg.pagetypes)
	else
		local defaultnsArray
		if defaultns == cfg.defaultnsExtended then
			defaultnsArray = cfg.extendedNamespaces
		elseif defaultns == cfg.defaultnsNone then
			defaultnsArray = {}
		else
			defaultnsArray = cfg.defaultNamespaces
		end
		for _, namespace in ipairs(defaultnsArray) do
			ndArgs[namespace] = cfg.pagetypes[namespace]
		end
	end

	--[[
	-- Add custom values passed in from the arguments. These overwrite the
	-- defaults. The possible argument names are fetched from
	-- Module:Namespace detect automatically in case new namespaces are
	-- added. Although we accept namespace aliases as parameters, we only pass
	-- the local namespace name as a parameter to Module:Namespace detect.
	-- This means that the &quot;image&quot; parameter can overwrite defaults for the
	-- File: namespace, which wouldn't work if we passed the parameters through
	-- separately.
	--]]
	local mappings = getParamMappings()
	for ns, paramAliases in pairs(mappings) do
		-- Copy the aliases table, as # doesn't work with tables returned from
		-- mw.loadData.
		paramAliases = shallowCopy(paramAliases)
		local paramName = paramAliases[1]
		-- Iterate backwards along the array so that any values for the local
		-- namespace names overwrite those for namespace aliases.
		for i = #paramAliases, 1, -1 do
			local paramAlias = paramAliases[i]
			local ndArg = checkPagetypeInput(paramAlias, args[paramAlias])
			if ndArg == false then
				-- If any arguments are false, convert them to nil to protect
				-- against breakage by future changes to
				-- [[Module:Namespace detect]].
				ndArgs[paramName] = nil
			elseif ndArg then
				ndArgs[paramName] = ndArg
			end
		end
	end
	-- Check for disambiguation-class and N/A-class pages in mainspace.
	if ndArgs.main then
		local class = args[1]
		if type(class) == 'string' then
			-- Put in lower case so e.g. &quot;Dab&quot; and &quot;dab&quot; will both match.
			class = mw.ustring.lower(class)
		end
		local dab = getPagetypeFromClass(
			class,
			args[cfg.dab],
			cfg.dabAliases,
			cfg.dabDefault
		)
		if dab then
			ndArgs.main = dab
		else
			local na = getPagetypeFromClass(
				class,
				args[cfg.na],
				cfg.naAliases,
				cfg.naDefault
			)
			if na then
				ndArgs.main = na
			end
		end
	end
	-- If there is no talk value specified, use the corresponding subject 
	-- namespace for talk pages.
	if not ndArgs.talk then
		ndArgs.subjectns = true
	end
	-- Add the fallback value. This can also be customised, but it cannot be
	-- disabled.
	local other = args[cfg.other]
	-- We will ignore true/false/nil results from yesno here, but using it
	-- anyway for consistency.
	other = yesno(other, other)
	if type(other) == 'string' then
		ndArgs.other = other
	else
		ndArgs.other = cfg.otherDefault
	end
	-- Allow custom page values.
	ndArgs.page = args.page
	return nsDetect(ndArgs)
end

local function detectRedirects(args)
	local redirect = args[cfg.redirect]
	-- The yesno function returns true/false for &quot;yes&quot;, &quot;no&quot;, etc., and returns
	-- redirect for other input.
	redirect = yesno(redirect, redirect)
	if redirect == false then
		-- Detect redirects unless they have been explicitly disallowed with
		-- &quot;redirect=no&quot; or similar.
		return
	end
	local pageObject = getPageObject(args.page)
	-- If we are using subject namespaces elsewhere, do so here as well.
	if pageObject
		and not yesno(args.talk, true)
		and args[cfg.defaultns] ~= cfg.defaultnsAll
	then
		pageObject = getPageObject(
			pageObject.subjectNsText .. ':' .. pageObject.text
		)
	end
	-- Allow custom values for redirects.
	if pageObject and pageObject.isRedirect then
		if type(redirect) == 'string' then
			return redirect
		else
			return cfg.redirectDefault
		end
	end
end

function p._main(args)
	local redirect = detectRedirects(args)
	local pagetype = &quot;&quot;
	if redirect then
		pagetype = redirect
	else
		pagetype = getNsDetectValue(args)
	end
	if yesno(args.plural, false) then
		if cfg.irregularPlurals[pagetype] then
			pagetype = cfg.irregularPlurals[pagetype]
		else
			pagetype = pagetype .. cfg.plural -- often 's'
		end
	end
	if yesno(args.caps, false) then
		pagetype = mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(pagetype, 1, 1)) ..
			mw.ustring.sub(pagetype, 2)
	end
	return pagetype
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	return p._main(args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>3uutklb10j89clizor7gnyrlkhbqg0d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Pagetype/config</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6863</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37448</id>
      <parentid>37430</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T09:19:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37448</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3847" sha1="ec20m4g8ok2ptye61p24rfaqs0uzk6s" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                  Module:Pagetype configuration data                        --
-- This page holds localisation and configuration data for Module:Pagetype.   --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local cfg = {} -- Don't edit this line.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                        Start configuration data                            --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table holds the values to use for &quot;main=true&quot;, &quot;user=true&quot;, etc. Keys to
-- this table should be namespace parameters that can be used with
-- [[Module:Namespace detect]]. 
cfg.pagetypes = {
	['main']              = 'tswalwa',
	['user']              = 'user page',
	['project']           = 'project page',
	['wikipedia']         = 'project page',
	['wp']                = 'project page',
	['file']              = 'file',
	['image']             = 'file',
	['mediawiki']         = 'interface page',
	['template']          = 'template',
	['help']              = 'help page',
	['category']          = 'category',
	['portal']            = 'portal',
	['draft']             = 'draft',
	['timedtext']         = 'Timed Text page',
	['module']            = 'module',
	['topic']             = 'topic',
	['gadget']            = 'gadget',
	['gadget definition'] = 'gadget definition',
	['talk']              = 'talk page',
	['special']           = 'special page',
	['media']             = 'file',
}

-- This table holds the names of the namespaces to be looked up from
-- cfg.pagetypes by default.
cfg.defaultNamespaces = {
	'main',
	'file',
	'template',
	'category',
	'module'
}

-- This table holds the names of the namespaces to be looked up from
-- cfg.pagetypes if cfg.defaultnsExtended is set.
cfg.extendedNamespaces = {
	'main',
	'user',
	'project',
	'file',
	'mediawiki',
	'template',
	'category',
	'help',
	'portal',
	'module',
	'draft'
}

-- The parameter name to set which default namespace values to be looked up from
-- cfg.pagetypes.
cfg.defaultns = 'defaultns'

-- The value of cfg.defaultns to set all namespaces, including talk.
cfg.defaultnsAll = 'all'

-- The value of cfg.defaultns to set the namespaces listed in
-- cfg.extendedNamespaces
cfg.defaultnsExtended = 'extended'

-- The value of cfg.defaultns to set no default namespaces.
cfg.defaultnsNone = 'none'

-- The parameter name to use for disambiguation pages page.
cfg.dab = 'dab'

-- This table holds the different possible aliases for disambiguation-class
-- pages. These should be lower-case.
cfg.dabAliases = {
	'disambiguation',
	'disambig',
	'disamb',
	'dab'
}

-- The default value for disambiguation pages.
cfg.dabDefault = 'page'

-- The parameter name to use for N/A-class page.
cfg.na = 'na'

-- This table holds the different possible aliases for N/A-class pages. These
-- should be lower-case.
cfg.naAliases = {'na', 'n/a'}

-- The default value for N/A-class pages.
cfg.naDefault = 'page'

-- The parameter name to use for redirects.
cfg.redirect = 'redirect'

-- The default value to use for redirects.
cfg.redirectDefault = 'redirect'

-- The parameter name for undefined namespaces.
cfg.other = 'other'

-- The value used if the module detects an undefined namespace.
cfg.otherDefault = 'page'

-- The usual suffix denoting a plural.
cfg.plural = 's'

-- This table holds plurals not formed by a simple suffix.
cfg.irregularPlurals = {
	[&quot;category&quot;] = &quot;categories&quot;
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                        End configuration data                              --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

return cfg -- Don't edit this line</text>
      <sha1>ec20m4g8ok2ptye61p24rfaqs0uzk6s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Namespace detect</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>6864</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37431</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T08:55:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[[ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --                                                                            -- --                            NAMESPACE DETECT                                -- --                                                                            -- -- This module implements the {{namespace detect}} template in Lua, with a    -- -- few improvements: all namespaces and all namespace aliases are...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37431</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5992" sha1="j7kygz1y56jpz4doq0m2c6x1td5d8ar" xml:space="preserve">--[[
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                                                            --
--                            NAMESPACE DETECT                                --
--                                                                            --
-- This module implements the {{namespace detect}} template in Lua, with a    --
-- few improvements: all namespaces and all namespace aliases are supported,  --
-- and namespace names are detected automatically for the local wiki. The     --
-- module can also use the corresponding subject namespace value if it is     --
-- used on a talk page. Parameter names can be configured for different wikis --
-- by altering the values in the &quot;cfg&quot; table in                               --
-- Module:Namespace detect/config.                                            --
--                                                                            --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

local data = mw.loadData('Module:Namespace detect/data')
local argKeys = data.argKeys
local cfg = data.cfg
local mappings = data.mappings

local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
local mArguments -- Lazily initialise Module:Arguments
local mTableTools -- Lazily initilalise Module:TableTools
local ustringLower = mw.ustring.lower

local p = {}

local function fetchValue(t1, t2)
	-- Fetches a value from the table t1 for the first key in array t2 where
	-- a non-nil value of t1 exists.
	for i, key in ipairs(t2) do
		local value = t1[key]
		if value ~= nil then
			return value
		end
	end
	return nil
end

local function equalsArrayValue(t, value)
	-- Returns true if value equals a value in the array t. Otherwise
	-- returns false.
	for i, arrayValue in ipairs(t) do
		if value == arrayValue then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end

function p.getPageObject(page)
	-- Get the page object, passing the function through pcall in case of
	-- errors, e.g. being over the expensive function count limit.
	if page then
		local success, pageObject = pcall(mw.title.new, page)
		if success then
			return pageObject
		else
			return nil
		end
	else
		return mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	end
end

-- Provided for backward compatibility with other modules
function p.getParamMappings()
	return mappings
end

local function getNamespace(args)
	-- This function gets the namespace name from the page object.
	local page = fetchValue(args, argKeys.demopage)
	if page == '' then
		page = nil
	end
	local demospace = fetchValue(args, argKeys.demospace)
	if demospace == '' then
		demospace = nil
	end
	local subjectns = fetchValue(args, argKeys.subjectns)
	local ret
	if demospace then
		-- Handle &quot;demospace = main&quot; properly.
		if equalsArrayValue(argKeys.main, ustringLower(demospace)) then
			ret = mw.site.namespaces[0].name
		else
			ret = demospace
		end
	else
		local pageObject = p.getPageObject(page)
		if pageObject then
			if pageObject.isTalkPage then
				-- Get the subject namespace if the option is set,
				-- otherwise use &quot;talk&quot;.
				if yesno(subjectns) then
					ret = mw.site.namespaces[pageObject.namespace].subject.name
				else
					ret = 'talk'
				end
			else
				ret = pageObject.nsText
			end
		else
			return nil -- return nil if the page object doesn't exist.
		end
	end
	ret = ret:gsub('_', ' ')
	return ustringLower(ret)
end

function p._main(args)
	-- Check the parameters stored in the mappings table for any matches.
	local namespace = getNamespace(args) or 'other' -- &quot;other&quot; avoids nil table keys
	local params = mappings[namespace] or {}
	local ret = fetchValue(args, params)
	--[[
	-- If there were no matches, return parameters for other namespaces.
	-- This happens if there was no text specified for the namespace that
	-- was detected or if the demospace parameter is not a valid
	-- namespace. Note that the parameter for the detected namespace must be
	-- completely absent for this to happen, not merely blank.
	--]]
	if ret == nil then
		ret = fetchValue(args, argKeys.other)
	end
	return ret
end

function p.main(frame)
	mArguments = require('Module:Arguments')
	local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame, {removeBlanks = false})
	local ret = p._main(args)
	return ret or ''
end

function p.table(frame)
	--[[
	-- Create a wikitable of all subject namespace parameters, for
	-- documentation purposes. The talk parameter is optional, in case it
	-- needs to be excluded in the documentation.
	--]]
	
	-- Load modules and initialise variables.
	mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools')
	local namespaces = mw.site.namespaces
	local cfg = data.cfg
	local useTalk = type(frame) == 'table' 
		and type(frame.args) == 'table' 
		and yesno(frame.args.talk) -- Whether to use the talk parameter.
	
	-- Get the header names.
	local function checkValue(value, default)
		if type(value) == 'string' then
			return value
		else
			return default
		end
	end
	local nsHeader = checkValue(cfg.wikitableNamespaceHeader, 'Namespace')
	local aliasesHeader = checkValue(cfg.wikitableAliasesHeader, 'Aliases')

	-- Put the namespaces in order.
	local mappingsOrdered = {}
	for nsname, params in pairs(mappings) do
		if useTalk or nsname ~= 'talk' then
			local nsid = namespaces[nsname].id
			-- Add 1, as the array must start with 1; nsid 0 would be lost otherwise.
			nsid = nsid + 1 
			mappingsOrdered[nsid] = params
		end
	end
	mappingsOrdered = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(mappingsOrdered)

	-- Build the table.
	local ret = '{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! ' .. nsHeader
		.. '\n! ' .. aliasesHeader
	for i, params in ipairs(mappingsOrdered) do
		for j, param in ipairs(params) do
			if j == 1 then
				ret = ret .. '\n|-'
					.. '\n| &lt;code&gt;' .. param .. '&lt;/code&gt;'
					.. '\n| '
			elseif j == 2 then
				ret = ret .. '&lt;code&gt;' .. param .. '&lt;/code&gt;'
			else
				ret = ret .. ', &lt;code&gt;' .. param .. '&lt;/code&gt;'
			end
		end
	end
	ret = ret .. '\n|-'
		.. '\n|}'
	return ret
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>j7kygz1y56jpz4doq0m2c6x1td5d8ar</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Swiletelo swa tluka ra ku vulavula</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>6865</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37434</id>
      <parentid>37432</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T09:04:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Swiletelo swa tluka ra ku vulavula]] to [[Wikipedia:Swiletelo swa tluka ra ku vulavula]]</comment>
      <origin>37432</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1042" sha1="dehhpe10exxrov61qn6tji89teubfb7" xml:space="preserve"> 
 
[[Category:Wikipedia behavioral guidelines|Talk pages]]
Xikongomelo xa '''tluka ra mbulavurisano''' wa xihloko (lexi fikeleriwaka hi ku tirhisa mfungho wa '''mbulavurisano''') i ku nyika ndhawu eka vahleri ku bula hi '''ku''' cinca eka xihloko lexi fambisanaka na xona kumbe WikiProject. Matluka ya mbulavurisano wa swihloko a ya fanelanga ku tirhisiwa hi vahleri tanihi tindzhawu ta mavonelo ya vona eka mhaka yo karhi. Loko matluka ya mbulavurisano eka matluka man'wana (ku katsa na matluka ya vatirhisi) ya tirhisiwa ku burisana na ku vulavurisana exikarhi ka vatirhisi, mbulavurisano wu fanele ku kongomisiwa ntsena eka ku antswisiwa ka encyclopedia leyi. 

Mavito ya matluka ya mbulavurisano lama fambisanaka ni swihloko ma sungula hi Talk. 

Swiletelo leswi swi tiyisa nkoka wa matluka lawa  ya mbulavurisano: ku vulavurisana, hixichavo na ku tekelana enhlokweni. A swi tirhi ntsena eka matluka ya mbulavurisano wa swihloko kambe ni le tindhawini tin'wana ni tin'wana laha vahleri va tirhisanaka kona, ku fana ni mabulo ya ku susa.</text>
      <sha1>dehhpe10exxrov61qn6tji89teubfb7</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Wikipedia behavioral guidelines</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6866</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37433</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T09:04:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37433</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Swiletelo swa tluka ra ku vulavula</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6867</id>
    <redirect title="Wikipedia:Swiletelo swa tluka ra ku vulavula" />
    <revision>
      <id>37435</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T09:04:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Swiletelo swa tluka ra ku vulavula]] to [[Wikipedia:Swiletelo swa tluka ra ku vulavula]]</comment>
      <origin>37435</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="58" sha1="7pm45hrmcwvhts78xc1xo4xwz3fu401" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Swiletelo swa tluka ra ku vulavula]]</text>
      <sha1>7pm45hrmcwvhts78xc1xo4xwz3fu401</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>6868</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37438</id>
      <parentid>37437</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T09:09:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona]] to [[Wikipedia:Leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona]]</comment>
      <origin>37437</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="411" sha1="nm9bq6n7zlk6h1lcfr6hqyiqghe3ms9" xml:space="preserve">Wikipedia i [[encyclopediya]] ya mahala ya le ka inthaneti. Nhlayo ya mahungu eka Wikipedia a yi pimiwi, kambe Wikipedia a yi lavi ku khoma vutivi hinkwabyo-nkwabyo. Leswi faneleke ku susiwa swi vekiwa hi [[metawiki:The Wikipedia Community|vanhu]] va le ka inthaneti lava tinyiketeleke ku aka encyclopedia ya xiyimo xa le henhla. Ku hlawula loku ku katsakanyiwile tanihi swilo leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona.</text>
      <sha1>nm9bq6n7zlk6h1lcfr6hqyiqghe3ms9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6869</id>
    <redirect title="Wikipedia:Leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona" />
    <revision>
      <id>37439</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-18T09:09:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona]] to [[Wikipedia:Leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona]]</comment>
      <origin>37439</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57" sha1="dkx62t16ta8zkoc5f6570nj80r5288e" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Leswi Wikipedia yi nga riki swona]]</text>
      <sha1>dkx62t16ta8zkoc5f6570nj80r5288e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xifundzha-nkulu xa Gaza</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6880</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39164</id>
      <parentid>37456</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-09T00:28:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>39164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1220" sha1="r1ev17o1p5hshcmdeldjqbhra8r9nvi" xml:space="preserve">'''Gaza''' i xifundzhankulu xa '''[[Muzambhiki|Mozambhiki]]'''. Yi na vundzhawu bya kwalomu ka 75,709 km2&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/1418/12045/version/1/file/Estrategia%2Bde%2Bdesenvolvimento%2Brural.pdf|title=Estratégia de Desenvolvimento Rural (EDR)|access-date=2018-01-15|archive-date=2018-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417003141/http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/1418/12045/version/1/file/Estrategia%20de%20desenvolvimento%20rural.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; na vaaki va 1,422,460 (ku hlayiwa ka vanhu ka 2017), naswona hixona xifundzha-nklulu lexi ngana nhlayo ya vanhu leyi tsongo eka swifundzhankulu hinkwaswo swa Mozambhiki.&lt;ref name=ref01&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.gov.mz/operacoes-estatisticas/censos/censo-2007/censo-2017/resultados-preliminares-iv-rgph-2017 |title=Resultados Preliminares IV RGPH 2017 |access-date=2018-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xai-Xai i ntsindza wa xifundzhankulu lexi. Xifundzha xa Inhambane xi le vuxeni, Xifundzankulu xa Manica xi le n'walungwini, Xifundzheni xa Maputo xi le dzongeni, [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] xi le vupeladyambu, na [[Zimbabwe]] en'walungu vupeladyambu.

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>r1ev17o1p5hshcmdeldjqbhra8r9nvi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xingoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6881</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39784</id>
      <parentid>37459</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-11-15T00:52:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>39784</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1658" sha1="77wpaq90q4j7y8x7cuh1nl76wbd0r9f" xml:space="preserve">
'''Tindzimi ta''' xiNgoni i ntlawa wa tindzimi leti yelanaka naswona leti vulavuriwaka edzongeni wa Afrika hi vangoni. Tindzimi ta xiNguni ti katsa [[Xithloza|xiThloza]], [[xiZulu]], [[Xindhevele|xiNdhevele]], na [[Xiswazi|xiSwazi]]. 

Minkarhi yin'wana ku vuriwa leswaku ku tirhisiwa ka ririmi ra ''xiNgoni'' tanihi ririmixidzi kuxungeta vun'we bya matimu ya vanhu, ingava ku vevukisa xiyimo xa matimu la ya rharhanganeke swinene.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wright&gt;{{cite book|last=Wright|first=J.|year=1987|chapter=Politics, ideology, and the invention of the 'nguni'|editor=Tom Lodge|title=Resistance and ideology in settler societies|pages=96–118}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Tindzimi ta xiNgoni ti yelana swinene, naswona minkarhi yo tala vanhu lava vulavulaka tindzimi ta xingoni to hambana va twisisana; hi ndlela leyi, tindzimi ta xiNgoni ti nga twisisiwa ku antswa tanihi ririmi-mpambukwa ku tlula ku va ntlawa wa tindzimi leti hambaneke. Eka nkarhini lowu hundzeke, ku ve na matshalatshal yo tumbuluxa ririmi leri hlanganeke ra Xingoni.&lt;ref name=EPLouw&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://d.lib.msu.edu/caj/170|title=Language and National Unity in a Post-Apartheid South Africa|author=Eric P. Louw|year=1992|journal=Critical Arts|access-date=2023-04-20|archive-date=2023-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420095908/https://d.lib.msu.edu/caj/170|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NAlexander&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/language-policy-and-national-unity-south-africa-neville-alexander |title=Language Policy and National Unity in South Africa/Azania |author=Neville Alexander|year=1989}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tindzimi ta Xingoni]]</text>
      <sha1>77wpaq90q4j7y8x7cuh1nl76wbd0r9f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Tindzimi ta Xingoni</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6882</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37460</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-20T09:59:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37460</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xiswazi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6883</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37464</id>
      <parentid>37463</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-20T10:12:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>37464</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1231" sha1="oqpz9xqq49uy7p6d72tlz6pi8ki9hvc" xml:space="preserve">
'''Xiswazi''' (''kumbe Si'''Swati''''') i ririmi ra [[xingoni]] leri vulavuriwaka e[[ESwatini|Eswatini]] na [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] hi maswazi. Nhlayo ya vanhu lava vulavulaka ririmi leri yi pimanyetiwa ku va kwalomu ka 2.4 wa timiliyoni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Webb |first=Vic |title=Language in South Africa: The Role of Language in National Transformation, Reconstruction and Development |date=2002 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |series=Impact: Studies in language and society |pages=14:78}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ririmi leri ri dyondzisiwa eEswatini na le swikolo swin'wana swa Afrika Dzonga eMpumalanga, ngopfu-ngopfu tindhawu ta khale ta KaNgwane. Xiswazi i ririmi ra ximfumo ra le Eswatini (xikan'we na Xinghezi), naswona i rin'wana ra tindzimi ta ximfumo ta khume-n'we ta Afrika Dzonga.

Xiswazi leyi vulavuriwaka eEswatini xi nga avanyisiwa hi tindzimi-mpambukwa ta mune leti yelanaka na swifundzhankulu swa mune swa tiko: Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, na Shiselweni.

Xiswazi xi na tinxaka timbirhi: Xiswazi xa ximfumo leti vulavuriwaka ngopfu en'walungwini, exikarhi na le dzonga-vupela-dyambu bya tiko, na Xiswazi-ntolovelo lexi vulavuriwaka etindhawini tin'wana.

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tindzimi ta Xingoni]]</text>
      <sha1>oqpz9xqq49uy7p6d72tlz6pi8ki9hvc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Xiputukezi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6884</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37479</id>
      <parentid>37467</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-04-20T11:41:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3</comment>
      <origin>37479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2498" sha1="svm6llo964jcwhvufswj4mt3a3chm23" xml:space="preserve">'''Xiputukezi''' ii ririmi ra ximfumo ra le Phochugali, [[Brazili]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Angola]], [[Muzambhiki]], [[Guinea-Bissau]] na São Tomé na Príncipe, naswona ri thlela riri na xiyimo xa ximfumu le East Timor, [[Gineya ya le Nkaveni|Equatorial Guinea]], na Macau. Munhu kumbe tiko leri vulavulaka Xiputukezi ri vuriwa &quot;Lusofoni&quot; (lusófono). Hikwalaho ka ku ndlandlamuka hi nkarhi wa vukoloni, Xiputukezi xi kumeka emisaveni hinkwayo. Xiputukezi i xiphemu xa tindzimi leti umbulukeke eka xiLatini, naswona ti hlayisa mpfumawulo wa xikheithiki eka marito ya tona.

Leswi ku nga ni vanhu va kwalomu ka 230 wa timiliyoni lava vulavulaka ririmi ra ntumbuluko na vanhu va 25-30 wa timiliyoni lava vulavula ririmi leri kuri ra vumbirhi, Xiputukezi xi ni vanhu va 260 wa timiliyoni lava xi vulavulaka. Hi xitalo ri xaxametiwa tanihi ririmi ra vutsevu leri vulavuriwaka ngopfu, ririmi ra vunharhu leri vulavuriwaka swinene ra le Yuropa emisaveni hinkwayo hi ku ya hi vanhu lava vulavulaka ririmi ra ximanana naswona i ririmi ra vumbirhi leri vulavuriwaka hi vanhu vo tala emisaveni, ri tluriwa ntsena hi [[Xipaniya]]. Ririmi leri ri vulavuriwa ngopfu [[Dzonga ra Amerika|Tikonkulu wa Dzonga ra Amerika]], rithlela riva rin'wana ra tindzimi ta khume leti vulavuriwaka ngopfu Afrika, , naswona iririmi-ximfumo ra Nhlangano wa Ikhonomi ya Matiko ya Afrika Vupela-dyambu, [[Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika|Nhlangano Wa Afrika]], Nhlangano lowu vumbiweke hi matiko hinkwawo ya misava lama vulavulaka Xiputukezi. Hi lembe ra 1997, nkambisiso lowu heleleke wa dyondzo wu veke Xiputukezi tanihi rin'wana ra tindzimi ta khume leti nga ni nkucetelo swinene emisaveni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130507110651/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm &quot;The World's 10 most influential languages&quot;], George Werber, 1997, ''Language Today'', retrieved on scribd.com

&quot;...includes besides many other languages, Bengali, English, French, German, Hindi/Urdu, Italian, Marathi, Panjabi, Persian, &lt;u&gt;Brazilian (Portuguese)&lt;/u&gt;, Russian, the Scandinavian languages, and Spanish.&quot;
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bernard Comrie, Encarta Encyclopedia (1998); George Weber, [http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm &quot;Top Languages: The World's 10 Most Influential Languages&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927062910/http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm |date=2011-09-27 }}, ''Language Today'' (Vol. 2, December 1997).&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mitshaho==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tindzimi]]</text>
      <sha1>svm6llo964jcwhvufswj4mt3a3chm23</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Xiphutukezi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6885</id>
    <redirect title="Xiputukezi" />
    <revision>
      <id>37468</id>
      <timestamp>2023-04-20T10:29:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Xiphutukezi]] to [[Xiputukezi]]</comment>
      <origin>37468</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24" sha1="mn0rj2qu4xq0m0vw4onn4l05m578w8f" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Xiputukezi]]</text>
      <sha1>mn0rj2qu4xq0m0vw4onn4l05m578w8f</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mfumo wa Maputukezi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6886</id>
    <revision>
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      <text bytes="1770" sha1="b3s991a34zv9xp63d8gwu3jyyd2dpi8" xml:space="preserve">'''Mfumo wa Maputukezi''' (''Portuguese: Império Português''), a wu vumbiwe hi matiko ya vukolonyi ya le mintsungeni ya malwandle, tinkomponi, na switikwana leswi a swi fumiwa hi Phochugali. A ku ri wun'wana wa mimfumo leyi tshameke nkarhi wo leha swinene ematin'wini ya Yuropa, leyi tekeke kwalomu ka malembe-xidzana ya tsevu ku sukela loko ku hluriwe Ceuta eAfrika N'walungu hi 1415, ku fikela loko ku hundziseriwa vulawuri bya Macau eka [[Chayina]] hi 1999. Mfumo lowu wu sungule hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-15, naswona ku sukela eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana xa vu-16 wu ndlandlamuke emisaveni hinkwayo, wu ri na tindhawu eAfrika, e matikweni-nkulu ra Amerika N'walungu, na Amerika Dzonga, na swifundzha swo hambana-hambana swa [[Axiya]] na [[Oxiyeniya|Oceania]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Brockey |first=Liam Matthew |title=Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7546-6313-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gIlT0Uhaq_oC }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mfumo wa Maputukezi wu sungule eku sunguleni ka Nguva ya Ku tshubula, naswona matimba na nkucetelo wa Mfumo wa lowu ma hetelela ma ndlandlamukile emisaveni hinkwayo. Endzhakunyana ka kusimekiwa, vatluti va Maputukezi va sungule ku valanga ribuwa ra Afrika na swihlala swa Atlanthiki hi 1418 na 1419, va tirhisa nhluvuko wa vufambisi bya swikepe, mimepe, hi xikongomelo xo kuma ndlela ya le lwandle leyi yaka eka xihlovo xa bindzu ra swinyunyeteri etikweni-nkulu ra Axiya. Hi 1488, Bartolomeu Dias u rhendzele Cape of Good Hope, naswona hi 1498 Vasco da Gama u fike e tikweni ra Indiya. Hi lembe ra 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral u fikile laha e Brazili hi xihoxo kumbe hi xikongomelo xa xihundla xa vuhosi.

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mimfumo ya khale]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Mimfumo ya khale</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Ribuwa ra tinhenha (Doroba)</title>
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      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[Ribuwa ra tinhenha]] to [[Ribuwa ra tinhenha (Doroba)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1082" sha1="hmnrr88dv2dj5ocrit7yu73xoro9au4" xml:space="preserve">'''Ribuwa ra tinhenha''' (kumbe '''Angra do Heroísmo''' hi xiputukezi), kumbe Angra, i doroba na masipala wa le Xihlaleni xa Terceira, etikweni ra Phochugali, naswona hi rin'wana ra madoroba-nkulu manharhu ya Azores. Angra, leyi simekiweke hi lembe ra 1478, a ku ri doroba ra nkoka swinene eAzores, tanihi ntsindza wa Bixopo wa Azores, naswona a yi tirha tanihi ntsindza ya Phochugali hi nkarhi wa Tinyimpi ta Ntshunxeko. Nhlayo ya Vaaki hi 2011 a va ri kwalomu ka 35 402,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xlang=en&amp;xpid=INE&amp;xpgid=ine_indicadores&amp;indOcorrCod=0005889&amp;contexto=pi&amp;selTab=tab0 Instituto Nacional de Estatística]&lt;/ref&gt; eka ndhawu ya 239.00 km2.&lt;ref&gt;[http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/documents/PT-LAU.xls Eurostat] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007042623/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/documents/PT-LAU.xls |date=October 7, 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yi hlawuriwe tanihi ndhawu ya Ndzhaka ya Misava hi UNESCO hi 1983.

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Madoropa ya Phochugali]]</text>
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      <text bytes="41" sha1="d3dna0w3k2zjb0g1eseszazkzw6l03r" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ribuwa ra tinhenha (Doroba)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga</title>
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      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928–1994).svg with [[File:Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928-1982).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · as seen on https://en.wi</comment>
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      <text bytes="1515" sha1="6oalznkgsby1ojevwr5xdvr1h7abncy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg|thumb|250px|Mujeko wa Nhlangano ya Afrika Dzonga kusukela hi 1928 kuya eka 1994]]
'''Nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga''' a ku ri khale ka [[Afrika-Dzonga|Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga]] ya namuntlha. Wu sungule ku va kona hi ti 31 Mudyaxihi 1910 hi ku hlanganisiwa ka swifundzha swavukolonyi swa Kapa, Natala, Transivala na Fristata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Union of South Africa |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/southafrica.htm |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=www.britishempire.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Endzhaku ka Nyimpi yo Sungula ya Misava, tiko ra Nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga ri sayine Ntwanano wa Versailles naswona rive rin'wana ra swirho swo sungula swa Ntwanano wa Matiko. Ri nyikiwe vulawuri bya Afrika Dzonga Vupela-dyambu (leyi sweswi yi tiviwaka tanihi [[Namibia]]) tanihi xileriso xa Ntwanano wa Matiko. 

Ku fana na [[Khanada|Canada]], Australia na New Zealand, Nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga a wu ri tiko leri tifumaka ehansi ka Mfumo wa Manghezi. Vutiko bya rona lebyi heleleke byi tiyisiwe hi Xitiviso xa Balfour xa 1926 na Nawu wa Westminster wa 1931. A ri fumiwa ehansi ka vuhosi bya vumbiwa, laha Hosi ya manghezi a yi yimeriwa hi ndhuna-nkulu. Nhlangano lowu wu fike emakumu hi ku simekiwa ka vumbiwa bya 1961, laha tiko ra Afrika Dzonga ri veke riphabliki kutani ri suka eka Commonwealth of Nations. [[Afrika-Dzonga|Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga]] yi tlhele yi nghena eka Commonwealth hi 1994.

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Former countries in Africa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mukhomela vukosi</title>
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      <comment>added [[Category:Vukosi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1901" sha1="at1f2eh8k9eohm8xyq0ctki18qs27fm" xml:space="preserve">Eka mfumo wa vuhosi, '''Mukhomela vukosi'''&lt;ref name=&quot;TCUDASL&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The cyclopaedia; or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature|url=https://archive.org/details/cyclopaediaorun29rees|first=Abraham|last=Rees|publisher=Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme &amp; Brown|location=London|date=1819|at=REGENT|volume=29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ADOEL&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Dictionary of the English Language ... Abstracted from the folio edition of the author ... Fourteenth edition, corrected, etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O7P8wS-pau4C|first=Samuel|last=Johnson|publisher=A &amp; H Spottiswoode|location=London|date=1828|at=REGENT}}&lt;/ref&gt; i munhu loyi a hlawuriweke ku fuma tiko loko hosi ya hari n'wana, loko yingari kona, loko yinga swi koti kufuma, kumbe xiluvelo a xi nga ri kona naswona hosi leyintshwa yinag si vekiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;TCUDASL&quot; /&gt; Huvo ya valawuri yi nga vumbiwa ''hi nkarhi'' wun'we kumbe hi ku landza nawu wa vumbiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Luxarazzi 101: Regency and Accession in Liechtenstein |date=2013-11-13 |website=www.luxarazzi.com |url=http://www.luxarazzi.com/2013/11/luxarazzi-101-regency-and-accession-in.html |access-date=2022-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mukhomela vukosi minkarhi yin'wana i xithopo xa ximfumo lexi nyikiwaka mutsundzuxi la tshembiwaka swinene wa hosi kumbe ''mupfuni'' wa yena. Loko mukhomela vukosi a ri eka nxaxamelo wa ku tlhandlamana, uvuriwa hosana yo khomela vukosi; loko mufumi wa n'wana lontsongo ku ri mana wakwe, u ta vitaniwa hosikati ya xikhomela.

Eka mfumo wa vuhosi, mukhomela vukosi u tala ku fuma hikwalaho ka swivangelo swo hlaya, kambe a nga ha tlhela a hlawuriwa ku fuma hi nkarhi wa ku hela ka mfumo loko nxaxamelo wa vuhosi wu file. Leswi a swi ri tano eka Mfumo wa Finland na Mfumo wa Hungary, laha nxaxamelo wa vuhosi a wu tekiwa wu nga ha ri kona endzhaku ka Nyimpi yo Sungula ya Misava.

==Mintshamo==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Vukosi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rhijisitara ra domain ya le hansi ya phurayivhete</title>
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      <text bytes="2161" sha1="brvq9apki4vf5ofy9tq3aj2v5zqxg7g" xml:space="preserve">Rhijisitara ra domain ya le hansi ya phurayivhete ri avela mavito ya domain eka ntlawa lowutsongo wa Sisiteme ya Mavito ya Domain ehansi ka domain leyi tsarisiweke eka rhijisitara leri amukeriweke hi ICANN kumbe ccTLD. Vunyingi bya tirhejisitara ta domain ya le hansi ta phurayivhete ti tirha hi ku ya hi vito ra ISO 3166-1 leri nga subdomain ya domain ya xiyimo xa le henhla.


Tin’wana ta tirhejisitara leti ti hlanganisa mintirho ya rhijisitara ra domain na murhijisitara wa domain eka xivumbeko xa vufambisi, kasi tin’wana ti hangalasa tidomeni hi ku tirhisa vatsarisi va vanhu va [https://iodomain.net/ vunharhu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314224657/https://iodomain.net/ |date=2023-03-14 }}

== Vuhandzuri ==
Tirhejisitara ta phurayivhete ti tirha eka xiyimo xa xithekiniki lexi fanaka na tirhejisitara ta tidomeni ta ximfumo hi ku tirhisa milawu leyi tivekaka ya matirhelo ya Sisiteme ya Mavito ya Tidomeni. Ku engetela kwalaho, tirhejisitara ti nga ha tlhela ti tirhisa vukorhokeri bya [https://iodomain.net/whois WHOIS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419232903/https://iodomain.net/whois |date=2023-04-19 }} ku kandziyisa vuxokoxoko bya mavito ya domain.

== Matimu ==
Miehleketo ya rhijisitara ra mavito ya domain ya misava hinkwayo leyi tiyimeleke yi huma eka nxaxamelo wa mabulo exikarhi ka un’wana wa vasunguri vo sungula va CentralNic na mufi Jon Postel, un’wana wa vatatana lava sunguleke Inthanete ya manguva lawa. Postel u ringanyete ku tirhisiwa ka .UK.COM ku phikizana na .CO.UK, hi nkarhi lowu nxavo lowu ringanyetiweke wa leswi swo hetelela a wu ri kwalomu ka $300.

Endzhaku ka ku tirhisiwa ka UK.COM, tikhodi tin’wana ta Matiko ya ISO leti helelaka hi .COM na tona ti simekiwile to fana na AU.COM (Australia) na HK.COM (Hong Kong) na matiko man’wana yo tala. Hi 2011, CentralNic yi simeke khodi ya tiko ya domain ya xiyimo xa vumbirhi .COM.DE. Hambi leswi domain yoleyo yi fanaka swinene na ti ccSLD ta ximfumo, ku fana na COM.AU kumbe COM.PL, a yi na xiyimo xa ximfumo tanihileswi yi nga fambisiwiki hi Denic, muphakeri wa vukorhokeri bya rhijisitara bya ximfumo bya tidomeni ta .DE.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hanshin Tigers</title>
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      <text bytes="1397" sha1="15ex56lrpadejrzwzipnfi8czgkbkxj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Hanshin tigers insignia.PNG|thumb|]]
'''Hanshin Tigers'''(阪神タイガース)i xipano xa baseball xa le [[Japani]].
Vito leri pfuxetiweke i &quot;Hanshin&quot; kasi vito ra xirhangiso i &quot;Tigers&quot;. Minkarhi yin'wana yi vuriwa &quot;tiger&quot; kumbe &quot;fighting tiger&quot;. Exikarhi ka swipano swa 12 leswi nga kona swa baseball ya xiphurofexinali eJapani, yi na matimu ya vumbirhi yo leha endzhaku ka Yomiuri Giants, naswona i xin’wana xa swipano leswi sunguleke ligi ya baseball ya xiphurofexinali hi 1936. Ku fikela hi 1960, a yi vitaniwa Osaka Tigers handle ka nkarhi wo karhi hi nkarhi wa nyimpi.
Nhlangano lowu tirhaka i Hanshin Tigers Co., Ltd. Khamphani ya mutswari i Hanshin Electric Railway (khamphani leyi nga ehansi ka Hankyu Hanshin Holdings). Ku hlula ka ntlhanu wa ligi (xiyimo xa vu-5 eka ligi eka nhlayo ya ku hlula), kan’we ntsena eJapani (ku boheleriwile eka swipano swa le hansi swinene eka swipano swa 12), naswona ku sukela hi 1987 ku ya eka 2001, malembe ya munyama yo nwela ehansi minkarhi ya khume eka 15 tinguva.Hilaha ndzi nga vona hakona, ku sukela loko ligi yi simekiwile (1950), phesente hinkwayo ya ku hlula yi le ka xiyimo xa vumbirhi eka ligi, naswona yi tinyungubyisa hi matimba lama tiyeke eka tinguva to tala leti yi ngheneke eka tlilasi ya A.
==Xihlanganisi xa le handle==
{{commonscat|Hanshin Tigers}}
* [https://m.hanshintigers.jp/　Sayiti ya ximfumo]
[[Category:Japani]]</text>
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    <title>Xitichi xa Kyoto</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:130609 Kyoto Station Kyoto Japan03s3.jpg|thumb|]] '''Xitichi xa Kyoto''' i xitichi xa xitimela lexi nga e[[Kyoto]], e[[Japani]]. Yi hetiwe hi 1877.Vaxavi vo tala va yi tirhisa siku na siku.  [[Category:Kyoto]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Xitichi xa Kyoto''' i xitichi xa xitimela lexi nga e[[Kyoto]], e[[Japani]].
Yi hetiwe hi 1877.Vaxavi vo tala va yi tirhisa siku na siku.

[[Category:Kyoto]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xitichi xa Tennoji</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:JR天王寺駅・天王寺ミオ Tennōji station 2012.10.09 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|]]  '''Xitichi xa Tennoji''' i xitichi xa xitimela lexi nga e[[Osaka]], e[[Japani]]. Yi hetiwe hi 1889.Vaxavi vo tala va yi tirhisa siku na siku. [[Category:Japani]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Xitichi xa Tennoji''' i xitichi xa xitimela lexi nga e[[Osaka]], e[[Japani]].
Yi hetiwe hi 1889.Vaxavi vo tala va yi tirhisa siku na siku.
[[Category:Japani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kiyomizu-dera</title>
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'''Kiyomizu-dera''' i tempele leyi nga e[[Kyoto]], e[[Japani]].

Yi hetiwe hi 778. I ndhawu yo vona tindhawu leyi yimelaka Kyoto.

== Xihlanganisi xa le handle ==
{{commonscat|Kiyomizu-dera}}
* [https://www.kiyomizudera.or.jp/　Sayiti ya ximfumo]
[[Category:Kyoto]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kintetsu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6912</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37565</id>
      <timestamp>2023-06-25T22:21:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>به جزایر قناری بگو</username>
        <id>9672</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:KINTETSU23000 20140124B.jpg|300px|thumb|Kintetsu]] '''Kintetsu'''(近鉄) i khampani ya swiporo ya le [[Japani]]. Yi simekiwile hi 1910.　Yi sekeriwe e[[Kyoto]] ni le [[Osaka]].  {{commonscat|Kintetsu Corporation}} [[Category:Kyoto]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kintetsu'''(近鉄) i khampani ya swiporo ya le [[Japani]].
Yi simekiwile hi 1910.　Yi sekeriwe e[[Kyoto]] ni le [[Osaka]].

{{commonscat|Kintetsu Corporation}}
[[Category:Kyoto]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hankyu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6913</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37566</id>
      <timestamp>2023-06-25T22:24:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>به جزایر قناری بگو</username>
        <id>9672</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:HK-9000series-momiji.jpg|thumb|Hankyu]] '''Hankyu'''(阪急) i khampani ya swiporo ya le [[Japani]]. Yi simekiwile hi 1907.　Yi sekeriwe e[[Kyoto]] ni le [[Osaka]].  {{commonscat|Hankyu Railway}} [[Category:Kyoto]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37566</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="222" sha1="b0lrwbchfitob6l12q3s00quzr33rzl" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HK-9000series-momiji.jpg|thumb|Hankyu]]
'''Hankyu'''(阪急) i khampani ya swiporo ya le [[Japani]].
Yi simekiwile hi 1907.　Yi sekeriwe e[[Kyoto]] ni le [[Osaka]].

{{commonscat|Hankyu Railway}}
[[Category:Kyoto]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:NewcomerTasks.json</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>6915</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37710</id>
      <parentid>37709</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-11-14T12:20:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki default</username>
        <id>61</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>machine-generated configuration for excluding sections from link recommendations ([[phab:T308143]]), feel free to improve</comment>
      <origin>37710</origin>
      <model>json</model>
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      <text bytes="657" sha1="kr9ojxh7v63kdcssejih6ocs2cqmp4r" xml:space="preserve">{
    &quot;image-recommendation&quot;: {
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        &quot;excludedCategories&quot;: [],
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;image-recommendation&quot;,
        &quot;group&quot;: &quot;medium&quot;,
        &quot;learnmore&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
        &quot;maxTasksPerDay&quot;: 25
    },
    &quot;link-recommendation&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;link-recommendation&quot;,
        &quot;group&quot;: &quot;easy&quot;,
        &quot;excludedSections&quot;: [
            &quot;bibliography&quot;,
            &quot;notes and references&quot;,
            &quot;references&quot;
        ]
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    &quot;section-image-recommendation&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;section-image-recommendation&quot;,
        &quot;group&quot;: &quot;medium&quot;,
        &quot;maxTasksPerDay&quot;: 25
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}</text>
      <sha1>kr9ojxh7v63kdcssejih6ocs2cqmp4r</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Vuthlokovetseri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37574</id>
      <timestamp>2023-07-24T23:27:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Witness Tivana</username>
        <id>9719</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Vutomi</comment>
      <origin>37574</origin>
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      <text bytes="723" sha1="5oz6ehpx4a0mr7nwowmep52uadyb6us" xml:space="preserve">VUTOMI - LW TIVANA

Vutomi a byi na nhenha,

Byi pfuvapfuva na lava nga mintisiwa ndzalama,

U nga va voni ku tivambavamba.

I ndlopfu ya hina na vona va ghonya lomo,

I milenge ntsena yi baka magoza leswin'wana swi yo tsii!

Swikhiyana swa vona i swo banga swirhalanganyi,

Ku nga ndlela leyinene yo kanganyisa nala,

Ku nga ri leswo n'wi endlela siku hi ku yi harahara!

Tiputi u kala u fika vughimamusi,

U tshika leswo tikitiki, u dya marhambu ya nhloko ya nga heli,

U nga ta kala u ya muya laha vakokwana va nga yela makumu.

Byi ta hobomulana siku rin'wani ku khalakhasa ku ta longa maguja, 

Swi hlamarisa na vamatiko va ku: &quot;Hi yena loyi a byi te tshekee!

Hi nkarhi lowo murhi wa mintlhontlho wu vuvumerile lorhe!</text>
      <sha1>5oz6ehpx4a0mr7nwowmep52uadyb6us</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Marivate</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6920</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37586</id>
      <timestamp>2023-08-07T17:08:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aarp65</username>
        <id>9751</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;*[[Bertha Marivate]] *[[Charles Marivate]] *[[Cecil Roy Marivate]] *[[Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate]] *[[Daniel Cornel Marivate]] *[[Desiree N'wamhamba Marivate]] *[[Martin Marivate]] *[[Maseve Richard Marivate]] *[[Russel Marivate]] [[Category:Vanhu]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37586</origin>
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      <text bytes="257" sha1="4uh5txc1csiftsavedx3drglghvtysd" xml:space="preserve">*[[Bertha Marivate]]
*[[Charles Marivate]]
*[[Cecil Roy Marivate]]
*[[Cornelius Tennyson Daniel Marivate]]
*[[Daniel Cornel Marivate]]
*[[Desiree N'wamhamba Marivate]]
*[[Martin Marivate]]
*[[Maseve Richard Marivate]]
*[[Russel Marivate]]
[[Category:Vanhu]]</text>
      <sha1>4uh5txc1csiftsavedx3drglghvtysd</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Republic of Macedonia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6923</id>
    <redirect title="North Macedonia" />
    <revision>
      <id>37605</id>
      <timestamp>2023-08-17T14:05:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kontrollstellekundl</username>
        <id>7084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kontrollstellekundl moved page [[Republic of Macedonia]] to [[North Macedonia]]: Misspelled title</comment>
      <origin>37605</origin>
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      <text bytes="29" sha1="kddli4athshvzt8b0j1nnfe2svtod8a" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[North Macedonia]]</text>
      <sha1>kddli4athshvzt8b0j1nnfe2svtod8a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Malta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6924</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37613</id>
      <parentid>37607</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-08-17T14:34:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kontrollstellekundl</username>
        <id>7084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>37613</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="279" sha1="6pboxl5svkjpvjsfffhb31vghacdglk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Malta.svg|100px|right|border]]
[[File:Coat of arms of Malta.svg|100px|right]]
[[File:Malta in European Union (-rivers -mini map).svg|thumb|Malta]]
[[Malta]] a tiko ra Yuropa.

== Weblinks ==
{{Commons|Malta}}

{{Yuropa}}

[[Category:Yuropa| ]]
[[Category:Malta| ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Malta</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37611</id>
      <timestamp>2023-08-17T14:30:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kontrollstellekundl</username>
        <id>7084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>37611</origin>
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      <text bytes="19" sha1="k5kocjzyd70smjhqkuoufw4o2235ne6" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>k5kocjzyd70smjhqkuoufw4o2235ne6</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:North Macedonia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>6926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37612</id>
      <timestamp>2023-08-17T14:31:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kontrollstellekundl</username>
        <id>7084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>37612</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="k5kocjzyd70smjhqkuoufw4o2235ne6" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Yuropa]]</text>
      <sha1>k5kocjzyd70smjhqkuoufw4o2235ne6</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Toyota</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6927</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37622</id>
      <timestamp>2023-09-03T06:46:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>EDASHI</username>
        <id>9817</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added content</comment>
      <origin>37622</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="558" sha1="992rlcu9i6younrgzh25l5g3b6ipjv3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Toyota.svg|thumb|150px|Toyota Logo]]
[[File:Headquarter of Toyota Motor Corporation 3.JPG|thumb|250px|Yindlu-nkulu ya Toyota Motor Corporation]]
'''Toyota''' i khampani ya le Japani leyi endlaka timovha leyi nga ni ntsindza eToyota, le Aichi, eJapani.

Khamphani leyi i yin’wana ya vaendli va timovha lavakulu emisaveni, yi humesa ku tlula 200 wa timiliyoni ta mimovha naswona yi xavisa ku tlula 10 wa timiliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo, ku sukela hi 2022.

Timodelo ta yona leti dumeke ngopfu i Auris, Corolla, Land Cruiser, Prius, RAV4, Supra na Yaris.</text>
      <sha1>992rlcu9i6younrgzh25l5g3b6ipjv3</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite web/testcases</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>6928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37639</id>
      <timestamp>2023-09-20T10:54:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>91.193.177.142</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;тХЛТ&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37639</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8" sha1="9tziskeqnj81m6fpzgha9xv7wvqtrvc" xml:space="preserve">тХЛТ</text>
      <sha1>9tziskeqnj81m6fpzgha9xv7wvqtrvc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Magudu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37644</id>
      <timestamp>2023-09-24T08:02:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Va Khoseni</username>
        <id>9894</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1147182862|Magudu]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37644</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="327" sha1="tk2dhehcxe34eqoeolfvibep6azm2v5" xml:space="preserve">'''Magudu''' i doroba eka Masipala wa Nkomazi Local Municipality exifundzheninkulu xa [[Mpumalanga]] e [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]], eka ndzilakano na [[ESwatini|Eswatini]] .

Khale a yi tiviwa tani hi Magut, yi thyiwile vito ra hosi ya [[Vatsonga]] ya rixaka ra ka Khoza/Mavona [[Muzambhiki|eMozambique]] (Magudu Nkanyini).</text>
      <sha1>tk2dhehcxe34eqoeolfvibep6azm2v5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Matsilele</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6971</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37699</id>
      <timestamp>2023-10-12T13:09:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>41.116.9.239</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ku vaka maluleke iti hosi ti dzawu taku tala</comment>
      <origin>37699</origin>
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      <text bytes="183" sha1="4o88xlavfhtydx5uii0sty4inao2eiu" xml:space="preserve">vaka maluleke iva nwanati vadyi vabangu va xinyela babeni macimba mati huku malema rihlelo vaka maluleke hi vona ti hosi ka mhika makwakwe valdezia makuleke nati ndzawu tinwani totala</text>
      <sha1>4o88xlavfhtydx5uii0sty4inao2eiu</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Neymar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6976</id>
    <revision>
      <id>37745</id>
      <timestamp>2023-12-18T00:24:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Siiuu07</username>
        <id>10155</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1190451716|Neymar]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>37745</origin>
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      <text bytes="5805" sha1="p9zbac7lg1lkb0ejeaw5rod85dunyr9" xml:space="preserve">'''Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 5 Hukuri 1992), loyi a tivekaka tani hi '''Neymar Júnior''' kumbe hi vito rin'we tani hi '''Neymar''', i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wa Brazil loyi a tlangaka tani hi mudzaberi wa xipano xa Saudi Pro League xa Al Hilal na xipano xa rixaka xa Brazil . Mutlangi loyi a nga na vutshila byo nghenisa magoza na muendli wa mintlangu loyi a tivekaka hi xitayili xa yena xo tlanga xa flamboyant, u tekiwa tani hi un’wana wa vatlangi va kahle swinene emisaveni na mutlangi lonene wa Brazil eka xitukulwana xa yena. Neymar u nghenise kwalomu ka 100 wa magoza eka ti club tinharhu to hambana, leswi endleke leswaku a va un’wana wa vatlangi va nga ri vangani lava nga fikelela xiendlo lexi. 

Neymar u ve na ndhuma eka Santos, laha a nga tlanga ro sungula ra xiphurofexinali a ri na malembe ya 17. Hiku hatlisa kuva mutlangi wa tinyeleti wa ligi ya Brazil, u hlule eka 2011 Copa Libertadores na Santos, kuva rosungula ra vona kusukela hi 1963. U hlawuriwile tani hi Mutlangi wa Bolo ya Milenge wa Lembe wa Amerika Dzonga hi 2011 na 2012, naswona u rhurhele eYuropa ku ya joyina Barcelona hi 2013. Eka nguva ya yena ya vumbirhi, tani hi xiphemu xa vahlaseri vanharhu va Barcelona na Lionel Messi na Luis Suárez, lava thyiweke vito ra ''MSN'', u hlule eka continental treble ya La Liga, Copa del Rey, na UEFA Champions League ; a a ri mudzaberi wa le henhla loyi a bohiweke eka pfhumba ra Champions League ra nguva yoleyo. Hiku susumetiwa kuva mutlangi loyi a kongomisiweke eka xiyimo xa xipano, Neymar anga languteriwanga u sukile e Barcelona kuya e Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) hi 2017  eka ku hundziseriwa ka €222 million, leswinga n’wi endla mutlangi wo durha swinene ku tlula hinkwavo lava tshameke vava kona .{{refn|Although Barcelona did not classify Neymar's €222 million buyout clause as a transfer fee, it was functionally identical to a transfer fee, since it cancelled his then-current contract with Barcelona (as in a typical transfer). The payment, provided by an unknown source, made him the most expensive football player.&lt;ref name=&quot;FCB Neymar&quot;&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|title=FC Barcelona communiqué on Neymar Jr|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=FC Barcelona|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171515/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|archive-date=3 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Neymar&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40762417|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros|date=3 August 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803235435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40762417|archive-date=3 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=note}} In his debut season, Neymar was voted Ligue 1 Player of the Year and won his first Ligue 1 title, which he would go on to win four more times. Endzhaku ka tinguva timbirhi u vile wa nkoka eka PSG ku fikelela mahelo ya vhiki ya yona yo sungula ya Champions League . Hi lembe ra 2020-21, u tiyisisile tani hi mutlangi wa le Brazil loyi a nga kuma swikoweto swa le henhla eka matimu ya Champions League.  Ku vaviseka loku tlhelaka ku humelela ku karhate nkarhi wa ku tlanga wa Neymar; hi 2023 u tshike PSG tani hi un’wana wa vahlayisi va vona va le henhla va nkarhi hinkwawo, a sayina Al Hilal hi ntwanano lowu vuyerisaka.

Ku sungula ku tlanga eka Brazil ari na malembe ya 18, Neymar i mudzaberi wa le henhla wa xipano xa yena xa rixaka hi 79 wa magoza eka 128 wa mintlangu. U hlule eka Khapu ya FIFA Confederations ya 2013, a hlula eka Bolo ya Nsuku . Eka Khapu ya Misava ya yena yo sungula ya FIFA, nkandziyiso wa 2014, u hlawuriwile eka Xipano xa Milorho . Ku nghenelela ka yena eka 2015 Copa América ku tsemiwile hi ku yimisiwa, a nga si va mukaputeni wa Brazil eka mendlele ya vona yo sungula ya nsuku ya Tiolimpiki eka bolo ya milenge ya vavanuna eka Tiolimpiki ta Ximumu ta 2016, leswi se a fikeleleke mendlele ya silivhere eka nkandziyiso wa 2012 . Leswi a tshikeke vukaputeni, u tlangile eka Khapu ya Misava ya 2018, naswona endzhaku ko ka a nga tlangi eka Copa América ya 2019 hikwalaho ko vaviseka, u pfune Brazil ku ya eka xiyimo xa vumbirhi eka mphikizano wa 2021, laha a nga wina sagwadi ra nhlanganelo ra Mutlangi wo Antswa etlhelo ka Messi. Eka Khapu ya Misava ya 2022, u joyinile Pelé na Ronaldo tani hi vona ntsena va Brazil lava nga nghenisa swikoweto eka Tikhapu tinharhu ta Misava. Neymar u hlule masagwadi ya tsevu ya Samba Gold ya rhekhodo, lama nyikiwaka mutlangi wa kahle wa le Brazil eYuropa.

Neymar u hetelele eka xiyimo xa vunharhu eka FIFA Ballon d'Or hi 2015 na 2017, u nyikiwile Sagwadi ra FIFA Puskás, u hlawuriwile eka FIFA FIFPro World11 na Xipano xa Lembe xa UEFA kambirhi, na Xipano xa UEFA Champions League xa Season ya vunharhu minkarhi. Ehandle ka rivala, u le xikarhi ka vatlangi lava dumeke swinene emisaveni. ''SportsPro'' yi n’wi thye vito ra mutlangi loyi a xavisiwaka ngopfu emisaveni hi 2012 na 2013, naswona ESPN yi n’wi tshahile tanihi mutlangi wa vumune loyi a dumeke swinene emisaveni hi 2016. Hi 2017, ''Time'' yi n’wi katsile eka nxaxamelo wa yona wa lembe na lembe wa vanhu va 100 lava nga ni nkucetelo swinene emisaveni .  Hi lembe ra 2018, ''France Football'' yi veke Neymar tani hi mutlangi wa vunharhu wa bolo ya milenge loyi a hakeriwaka mali yo tala emisaveni. Lembe leri landzelaka, ''Forbes'' yi n'wi veke eka xiyimo xa vunharhu xa mutlangi loyi a hakeriwaka mali yo tala emisaveni hinkwayo,  a hunguta ndhawu ku ya eka ya vumune hi 2020.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mujeko wa Belgorod</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6977</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2025-04-12T23:20:33Z</timestamp>
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        <ip>200.24.154.83</ip>
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      <text bytes="1774" sha1="lrem9fv9dbvze5m31hdiqyb5h445x6m" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Belgorod.svg|thumb|Mujeko wa Belgorod]]
'''Mujeko wa Belgorod''' i xin'wana xa mimfungho ya ximfumo (kun'we na coat of arms) ya doroba ra Belgorod, exifundzheni xa Belgorod xa Russian Federation. Mujeko i mfungho wa vun'we ni ntirhisano wa vaaki va doroba.

Mujeko wa sweswi wu amukeriwile hi July 22, 1999 hi xiboho xa Belgorod City Council No. 321 naswona wu katsiwile eka State Heraldic Register ya Russian Federation hi ku nyikiwa nomboro ya ntsariso ya 978 hi 2002&lt;ref name=&quot;ф321&quot;&gt;Решение Белгородского городского Совета депутатов от 22.07.1999 № 321 [http://www.guest-belgorod.ru/index.php?ds=6644 «О внесении изменений в решение городского Совета депутатов от 18 июня 1999 года № 279 „Об утверждении Положения о флаге города Белгорода“»] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214002605/http://www.guest-belgorod.ru/index.php?ds=6644 |date=2019-02-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Nhlamuselo ==
Mujeko wa doroba ra Belgorod (wa wasi lowu nga ni muvala wo basa ehansi) wu kombisa nghala ya xitshopana leyi yimeke hi milenge ya le ndzhaku, yi ri ni gama ro basa leri hahelaka ehenhla ka yona. Mfungho wa muti lowu wu ni malembe yo tlula 300 wu ri kona, wu sunguriwe hi nkarhi wa ku fuma ka Petro Lonkulu. Hosi ya le Rhaxiya yi nyike vaaka-tiko va le Belgorod xitlhangu lexi leswaku va tlangela ku hlula ka vona ka le Sweden eNyimpini ya le Poltava (1709). Hi 1712, mfungho lowu wu kombisiwe eka mujeko wa vuthu ra le Belgorod leri hluleke nala, naswona hi 1727 wu ve mfungho wa xifundzha lexi xa ha ku simekiwaka.&lt;ref&gt;https://militaryarms.ru/simvolika/goroda/flag-belgoroda/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Xihlovo ==</text>
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    <title>Category:Ku hlawuriwa ka tinhlokomhaka-nkulu</title>
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    <title>Wikimedia Commons</title>
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      <comment>commons:Category:Switirhisiwa leswi tolovelekeke</comment>
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Wikimedia Commons Commons kumbe WikiCommons i phurojeke ya Wikimedia Foundation naswona i vuhlayiselo lebyi hlayisaka swifaniso, tifayela ta mpfumawulo, na tifayela tin’wana ta multimedia ku tirhisiwa eka tiphurojeke tihi na tihi na hinkwato ta Wikimedia. Hi ririmi rihi na rihi ra Wikipedia, kumbe ku layicha ku tirhisiwa ehandle ka Wikimedia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.proquest.com/docview/223600210]Wikimedia Commons&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nakambe vona==

 * [[Wikimedia Commons]]

* commons:Category:Switirhisiwa leswi tolovelekeke


[[Category:Swilo swa mahala]]</text>
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    <title>Category:Swilo swa mahala</title>
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    <title>Van Cat ya le Turkey</title>
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      <text bytes="4777" sha1="cwyu766rq1ervdsqiqn1imk7v75cgnb" xml:space="preserve">Kasi ya Van i muxaka wa kati lowu tekeke vito ra wona kusuka eka timintsu ta wona eka ndzhawu ya Lake Van, wu hlambela kahle, naswona wuna mahlo ya wasi kumbe ya rihlaza, kumbe rin’we ra wasi na rin’we ra rihlaza. Ti van cats titala kuva na xivati ​​xin’we kumbe timbirhi ta ntima exikarhi ka tindleve ta tona.

Mahlo ya kati ya Van ya avanyisiwile hi mintlawa yinharhu. Ti hlayiwa tani hi ta mahlo ya wasi (minkarhi hinkwayo ya turquoise blue), havumbirhi bya tona (yellow na tinxaka ta yona, hi ntolovelo ta buraweni) na tihlo rin’we (heterochromic; hi leswaku, letingana tihlo rin’we). yin’we ya wasi na yin’we ya amber). Loko muvala wa wasi wu tshama wu ri wa wasi wa turquoise, muvala wa amber wu nga voniwa hi tinxaka to hambana-hambana. Hambiswiritano, tikati ta Van ta mahlo ya wasi ti avanyisiwile hi mintlawa yimbirhi: &quot;tikati ta mahlo ya wasi-yo koma, letingana voya bya velvet&quot; na &quot;tikati ta mahlo ya wasi, silk wool&quot;.

Eka tikati ta Van, mahlo ya swimanga leswi ha ku velekiwaka i ya wasi. Endzhaku ka masiku ya 25 ku velekiwa ximanga, mihlovo ya mahlo ya xona yi sungula ku cinca, naswona endzhaku ka masiku ya 40, mihlovo ya mahlo ya xona yi va erivaleni. Tikati totala ta Van tina xivati ​​xin’we kumbe timbirhi ta ntima exikarhi ka tindleve ta tona naswona tina tihlo rin’we. Naswona swivati ​​leswi swa ntima swi lava ku hlamuseriwa tanihi seal ya tikati leti nga ni tihlo rin’we.

Switiveka leswaku kuna timbyana, maphaphatani yale kaya na vanhu lavangana mihlovo yohambana hambana ya mahlo, kufana na kati ya Van, naswona mfanelo leyi i ya xitekela.

== ku pfilunganyeka ka mintlhaveko ==
Malunghana ni theminoloji, ku ni ku pfilunganyeka kun’wana loku nga ha vaka kona exikarhi ka varhandzi va tikati ehandle ka tiko ra Turkey. Eka matsalwa, ku vikiwile tikati timbirhi, yin'wana ya tona a yi vitaniwa &quot;Van beauty Iskenderun&quot;, leyi a yi xavisiwa eka munhu wa le Turkey tani hi &quot;Van cat&quot; ivi yi xavisiwa eka British Laura Lushington na Sonia Halliday hi ti pounds 500 hi 1955. yo sungula kati ku ya ematikweni mambe. Leswi &quot;Beautiful Van Iskenderun&quot; na tikati kulobye kungari tikati ta Van to basa, naswona tinhloko na misisi ya tona swina mihlovo na swivati, muxaka wa tikati leti Miss Lushington anga huma eka tikati leti wuna Vito ra &quot;Van&quot; namuntlha, kambe u tumbuluxe tinxaka tohambana hambana . ku suka eka Van cat. Manana Lushington u thye tikati leti vito ra Turkish Van, leri hundzuluxeriweke hi Xifurwa tani hi &quot;Turc de Van&quot; na hi Xijarimani tani hi &quot;Türkisch Van&quot;.

Hi marito man’wana, kati ya Van na Van ya le Turkey ya misava ya le Vupela-dyambu i tikati to hambana. Hambiswiritano, muxaka wa kati ra Turkish Van na rona i muhlamberi lonene naswona rina mihlovo yinharhu yohambana hambana ya mahlo. Sweswi, loko ku hambana ku sungurile ku twisisiwa ngopfu, kati ya Van yo basa yi vuriwa &quot;Van cat&quot; kumbe &quot;cat with two eyes&quot; hi Xiturkey eka matsalwa ya le Vupeladyambu, ku yi hambanisa na Van ya le Turkey.

== nkarhi wa estrus ==
Loko tiawara ta ku vonakala ka siku ti sungula ku leha, ndhawu ya hypothalamus ya byongo bya kati, leyi vonaka ku vonakala ka siku nkarhi wo leha ni wo leha, ya hlohloteriwa naswona ku sungula ku endliwa homoni leyi vuriwaka FSH. FSH yi lulamisela tikati ta xisati kuva titswariwa hiku tiyisisa leswaku ti ovaries hivumbirhi bya tona ti humesa matandza xikan’we naku humesa hormone ya estrogen. Nkarhi lowu wu vuriwa nkarhi wa estrus.

Tikati ta van ti nghena eka kuhisa lembe na lembe hi February-March-June. Nkarhi lowu wu teka masiku ya 10. Loko a tika hi nkarhi wa estrus, hi ntolovelo a nga ha ngheni eka estrus nakambe hi lembe rero. Nkarhi wa ku tika i kwalomu ka masiku ya 62. Endzhaku ka n’hweti yo sungula ya ku tika, khwiri ra yena ri sungula ku pfimba, naswona ku sukela enkarhini lowu, a nga pfumeleli munhu ku khumba khwiri ra yena. Ku navela ka rirhandzu ku ni matimba swinene hi nkarhi wa ku tika. Leswi kati ya Van, kufana na tikati tin’wana, yitsakelaka kutswalana laha yinga voniwiki, yisungula ku lava tindzhawu letinga tshikiwa nati munyama kusukela eku heleni ka nhweti yosungula. Hi ku hatlisa endzhaku ka ku velekiwa, ntambhu ya mbeleko (placenta) ya lumiwa no handzuriwa hi kati ra manana. Katla ra manana u an’wisa swimbutana swa yena kuringana 50-60 wa masiku. Hambiswiritano, nkarhi lowu wu nga ha va wo koma kumbe wo leha.

Hambiswiritano, kufana na tikati hinkwato leti hanyaka eka ndzhawu yale kaya leyingana mavoni yo endliwa xikan’we naku hisa, tikati ta Van tinga kuma kuhisa lembe hinkwaro.

== Swihlanganisi swa le handle ==
[https://evcilpatim.com/van-kedisi-genel-ozellikleri/ Van Cat ya le Turkey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127174206/https://evcilpatim.com/van-kedisi-genel-ozellikleri/ |date=2024-01-27 }}</text>
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    <title>Xitediyamu xa Peter Mokaba</title>
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'''Xitediyamu xa Peter Mokaba''' i xitediyamu xa bolo ya milenge na rhugibi ePolokwane (khale ka Pietersburg), [[Afrika-Dzonga]], lexi a xi tirhisiwa eka Khapu ya Misava ya FIFA ya 2010 . Xi na vuswikoti byo amukela 45,500 wa vahlaleri kambe hi swikongomelo swa Khapu ya Misava ya FIFA ya 2010 nhlayo ya switulu yi hungutiwile ku ya eka 41,733. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110110184326/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/destination/stadiums/stadium=5007758/index.html www.fifa.com]&lt;/ref&gt; Xi thyiwile vito ra Peter Mokaba khale ka murhangeri wa vandla ra vantshwa ra ANC. Xi kumeka evuxeninyana bya Xitediyamu xa khale xa Peter Mokaba naswona i 3 wa tikhilomitara kusuka eka Exivindzini xa doroba.</text>
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    <title>Huvo ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga</title>
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      <text bytes="664" sha1="fq3hjrmlzulkik84snia0bpztej1y3r" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pansalb.org/history/] &lt;/ref&gt;'''Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga''' i xisimekiwa xa [[Afrika-Dzonga]] lexi simekiweke ku tlakusa vutindziminyingi, ku hluvukisa tindzimi ta ximfumo ta 12, na ku sirhelela timfanelo ta tindzimi eAfrika-Dzonga. Huvo yi simekiwile hi ku landza Nawu wa 59 wa 1995 hi Palamende ya Afrika-Dzonga. 

Ku engetela eka tindzimi ta ximfumo ta 12 ta Afrika-Dzonga, PanSALB yi tlhela yi lwela ku hluvukisa Ririmi ra Swikoweto na tindzimi ta Khoe na San.Swivumbeko swa PanSALB swi katsa: Tikomiti ta Tindzimi ta Swifundzakulu, Mihlangano ya Ririmi ya Rixaka na Tiyuniti ta lekisikhogirafu ta Rixaka.

'''SWIHLOVO'''</text>
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      <comment>Bobbyshabangu moved page [[Huvo ya tindzimi ta Afrika Dzonga]] to [[Huvo ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga]]: Fixed a spelling mistake. </comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Dombolo</title>
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      <text bytes="1118" sha1="qzwxl5qocjzdjhxkf5nwshekvjngn99" xml:space="preserve">'''Dombolo''', (leyi tivekaka tanihi '''umbhako''',  '''ujeqe, dipapata''' hi Xitswana na '''rostile''' hi Xixhosa), i xinkwa xa ndhavuko xa Afrika-Dzonga lexi swekiweke .  I xakudya xa masiku hinkwawo lexi tivekaka swinene  emakaya yo tala eAfrika-Dzonga.  Xinkwa lexi xi lulamiseriwa eka xibye eka mati yo vila.  Xi hambanile na ximbhundzu xa ndhavuko hikuva xi lulamisiwa hi ku tirhisa ncayoni ematshan’wini ya mapa yo baka.  Ku na swakudya swo hambanahambana naswona swa tinxaka to hambana leswi kumekaka eAfrika-Dzonga. Eka ndhavuko wa Mazulu, dombolo ri swekiwa ehenhla ka nyama leyi byabyisiweke ematshan'wini ya ku swekeriwa etlhelo eka poto leri hambaneke. Ku hambana koloko ka xinkwa lexi swekiweke ku tiviwa exikarhi ka Mazulu tanihi uJeqe.  Dombolo ri tala ku dyiwa na tinxaka to hambanahambana ta swakudya swa le tlhelo swo fana na nyama yo byabyisiwa ya huku, homu, ncila wa homu, nyimpfu kumbe muhodi.

== Nakambe vona ==

* [[List of steamed foods|Nxaxamelo wa swakudya leswi swekiweke]]
* [[South African cuisine|Swakudya swa Afrika Dzonga]]
* {{portal-inline|Food}}
* {{portal-inline|South Africa}}</text>
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[[File:Chelsea_Team_1905.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Xipano xa bolo ya milenge xa Chelsea hi 1905 lexi tekiweke na vatirhi va nseketelo]]
'''Xipano xa bolo ya milenge''' i ntlawa wa vatlangi lava hlawuriweke ku tlanga swin'we eka mitlangu yo hambana ya swipano leyi tiviwaka tanihi bolo ya milenge. Swipano swo tano swi nga hlawuriwa ku tlanga eka ntlangu wo lwisana na xipano lexi xi kanetaka na xona, ku yimela '''xipano xa bolo ya milenge''', ntlawa, mfumo kumbe rixaka, xipano xa vatlangi va vuswikoti hinkwavo kumbe hambi ku ri ku hlawuriwa tanihi xipano xo ringanyetiwa (ku fana na [[wiktionary:dream team|Xipano xa Milorho]] kumbe Xipano xa Lembe-xidzana) naswona u nga tshuki u tlanga ntlangu wa xiviri.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Skopo</title>
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      <text bytes="92" sha1="0cr51ap86e4bgciejyeqzjyckvidjzm" xml:space="preserve">xikopo swakudya swa Afrika swa nyama leswi endliwaka hi homu, mbuti kumbe nhloko ya nyimpfu.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vutivi bya ti-Onomastics</title>
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'''Onomastiki''' (kumbe, eka matsalwa ya khale, '''onomatholoji''' ) i dyondzo ya ethimoloji, matimu, na matirhiselo ya mavito ya xiviri .  ''[[wiktionary:alethonym|Alethonym]] (‘vito ra ntiyiso’)'' kumbe ''[[wiktionary:orthonym|orthonym]] (‘vito ra xiviri’)'' i vito leri faneleke ra nchumu lowu ku vulavuriwaka ha wona, nchumu wa dyondzo ya onomastiki.</text>
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'''Yunivhesiti ya Venda''' ( '''Univen''' ; Venda  &lt;/link&gt; , Afrikaans  &lt;/link&gt; ) i xivandla xa dyondzo xa nhlanganelo xa Afrika-Dzonga lexi nga endhawini ya le makaya, lexi kumekaka eThohoyandou eXifundzeninkulu xa Limpopo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=481}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yi simekiwile hi 1981 ehansi ka khale ka mfumo wa Riphabliki ra Venda. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.univen.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Univen-History-Book.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Matimu ya Masipala wa Muganga wa Ba-Phalaborwa</title>
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&lt;!-- images, nickname ---&gt;|image_seal=Ba-Phalaborwa_CoA.png|seal_size=150x100px
&lt;!-- maps and coordinates ------&gt;|image_map=Map of Limpopo with Ba-Phalaborwa highlighted.svg|mapsize=|map_alt=Location in Limpopo|map_caption=Location in [[Limpopo]]|coordinates=|coordinates_footnotes=&lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
&lt;!-- location ------------------&gt;|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[South Africa]]|subdivision_type1=Province|subdivision_name1=[[Limpopo]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of South Africa|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Mopani District Municipality|Mopani]]
&lt;!-- seat, smaller parts -------&gt;|seat=[[Phalaborwa]]|parts_type=[[Ward (South Africa)|Wards]]|parts=18
&lt;!-- government leaders --&gt;|government_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;muni_mayor&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714013749/http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 July 2010 |title=Contact list: Executive Mayors |publisher=Government Communication &amp; Information System |accessdate=22 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|government_type=[[Municipal council]]|leader_party=ANC|leader_title=Mayor|leader_name=Merriam Malatji|leader_title1=|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=&lt;!-- area ----------------------&gt;|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=7462
&lt;!-- population ----------------&gt;|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;muni_population&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place  |publisher=Statistics South Africa |accessdate=27 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_total=150637|population_as_of=2011|population_rank=|population_density_km2=auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics1_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;muni_population&quot;/&gt;|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=93.10%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=0.3%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=0.2%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=6.4%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;muni_population&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place  |publisher=Statistics South Africa |accessdate=27 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]}}|demographics2_info1=38.1%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]}}|demographics2_info2=47.7%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info3=5.1%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|[[Sotho language|Sotho]]}}|demographics2_info4=2.8%|demographics2_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics2_info5=6.3%
&lt;!-- time zone(s) --------------&gt;|timezone1=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2
&lt;!-- Municipal code --&gt;|blank_name_sec1=Municipal&amp;nbsp;code|blank_info_sec1=LIM334

&lt;!-- website, footnotes --&gt;|footnotes=}}'''Masipala wa Ba-Phalaborwa''' ( Northern Sotho  &lt;/link&gt; ; Tsonga  &lt;/link&gt; ) i masipala wa muganga lowu nga endzeni ka Masipala wa Xifundzantsongo xa Mopani, exifundzheninkulu [[Limpopo|xa Limpopo]] [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika Dzonga]] . Ntshamo i [[Phalaborwa]] . Gopo, N. L. Q. (2013). ''Regulation of wastewater treatment plants in the Ba–Phalaborwa municipality'' (Doctoral dissertation).

== Tindhawu letikulu ==</text>
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    <title>Masipala wa Xifundzakulu wa Collins Chabane</title>
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      <text bytes="2712" sha1="3ehagy0q4yul7f7a1aag6k65qmozqo7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement|name=Collins Chabane|official_name=|other_name=|native_name=|settlement_type=[[Local municipality (South Africa)|Local municipality]]
&lt;!-- images, nickname ---&gt;|image_seal=|seal_size=&lt;!-- maps and coordinates ------&gt;|image_map=Map of Limpopo with Collins Chabane highlighted (2016).svg|mapsize=|map_alt=|map_caption=|coordinates=|coordinates_footnotes=&lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
&lt;!-- location ------------------&gt;|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[South Africa]]|subdivision_type1=Province|subdivision_name1=[[Limpopo]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of South Africa|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Vhembe District Municipality|Vhembe]]
&lt;!-- seat, smaller parts -------&gt;|seat=[[Malamulele]]|parts_type=&lt;!-- [[Ward (South Africa)|Wards]] or [[Local municipality (South Africa)|Local municipalities]] for districts --&gt;|parts=&lt;!-- for local municipalities, the number of wards --&gt;
&lt;!-- government type, leaders --&gt;|government_footnotes=|government_type=[[Municipal council]]|leader_party=|leader_title=Mayor|leader_name=|leader_title1=|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=&lt;!-- area ----------------------&gt;|area_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot;&gt;Sum of the statistics from Census 2011 for [http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/966 Thulamela], [http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/968 Makhado].&lt;/ref&gt;|area_total_km2=5003
&lt;!-- population ----------------&gt;|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;muni_population&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place  |publisher=Statistics South Africa |accessdate=27 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_total=328636
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;|population_as_of=2011|population_rank=|population_density_km2=auto
&lt;!-- time zone(s) --------------&gt;|timezone1=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2
&lt;!-- Municipal code --&gt;|blank_name_sec1=Municipal&amp;nbsp;code|blank_info_sec1=LIM345
&lt;!-- website, footnotes --&gt;|footnotes=}}'''Masipala wa Collins Chabane''' ( Tsonga  &lt;/link&gt; ; Venda  &lt;/link&gt; ) i masipala wa muganga ehansi ka  Masipala wa Xifundzantsongo xa Vhembe, eXifundzheninkulu [[Limpopo|xa Limpopo]] [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika Dzonga]] . Wu simekiwile endzhaku ka nhlawulo wa miganga wa Nhlangula 2016 hi ku hlanganisa swiphemu swa timasipala ta miganga ta Thulamela na Makhado .  [[Malamulele]] i ntshamo wa masipala. &lt;ref&gt;Netswera, M. M., &amp; Nealer, E. J. (2020). Municipal demarcation process in the establishment of the Collins Chabane Local Municipality and reasons for the eruption of Vuwani, South Africa. ''TD: The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa'', ''16''(1), 1-9.

Chicago&lt;/ref&gt;
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    <title>Masipala wa Muganga wa Makhado</title>
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      <text bytes="243" sha1="ko1tk5lg07tha27h8dowjh9553z3waw" xml:space="preserve">'''Masipala wa Makhado''' ( Venda: Masipala wa Makhado:  Tsonga   ) i masipala wa ndhawu endzeni ka Masipala wa Xifundzha xa Vhembe, exifundzheninkulu [[Limpopo|xa Limpopo]] [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika Dzonga]] . Xitulu xa kona i Louis Trichardt .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masipala wa Muganga wa Bushbuckridge</title>
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      <text bytes="784" sha1="m0kl6usp85ivjs38lnbsbyieyuwhi6n" xml:space="preserve">'''Masipala wa Bushbuckridge'''  i masipala wa ndhawu endzeni ka Masipala wa Xifundzha xa Ehlanzeni, exifundzheninkulu xa [[Mpumalanga]] [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika-Dzonga]].   Vurimi bya mabindzu, lebyi vumbiwaka hi swimilani swa [[mupayi]] na bluegum, fole, khotoni, mihandzu na matsavu yale hansi ka tropical swiendliwa ematikoxikaya ya masipala. Masipala lowu wu katsa xiphemu xa le dzongeni wa Ntanga wa Swiharhi wa Kruger.   Bushbuckridge i masipala lowukulu wa ndzhawu liya e Mpumalanga hi ku ya hi vukulu bya misava.

&lt;ref&gt;https://scholar.archive.org/work/fg57kmird5eylme7dzovyc72ci/access/wayback/http://uzspace.uzulu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10530/1586/Local%20economic%20development%20strategy%20implementation%20within%20Bushbuckridge%20Local%20Municipality.pdf?sequence=1&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tin'anga ta xintu ta le Dzongeni wa Afrika</title>
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[[File:Five-sangomas.jpg|right|thumb| Ntlhanu wa ti sangoma eKwaZulu -Natal]]
'''Tin'anga ta xintu ta le Dzongeni wa Afrika''' i vatirhi va mirhi ya xintu ya Afrika eDzongeni wa Afrika . Va hetisisa mintirho yo hambana ya ximunhu na tipolitiki emugangeni ku fana na vungoma, ku horisa mavabyi ya miri, ya mintlhaveko, na ya moya, ku fambisa magandzelelo ya swa ku velekiwa kumbe rifu, ku kuma tihomu leti lahlekeke, ku sirhelela tinhenha, ku lwisana na vuloyi na ku hlamusela matimu, ntivo-misava, na tikhonsepe (matheme) ya [[Vukhongeri bya xintu|ndhavuko wa vona]].&lt;ref&gt;Hewson, M. G. (1998). Traditional healers in southern Africa. ''Annals of internal medicine'', ''128''(12_Part_1), 1029-1034.

Chicago&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku na tinxaka timbirhi letikulu ta tin’anga ta xintu ehansi ka tinxaka ta Vangoni, Vatswana na Vatsonga eDzongeni wa Afrika: muvumbi ( '''i xigomatanda''') na mutivi wa swimilana ( '''n'anga''' ). Tin'anga leti i vatshunguri lava havaxeleke hi vutivi va [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] lava xiximiwaka swinene na ku xiximiwa eka rixaka laha vuvabyi byi ehleketeriwaka kuva byi vangiwile hi vuloyi, nthyakiso (ku tihlanganisa na swilo leswi nga basangiki kumbe swiendlakalo) kumbe hi ku honisa vakokwa wa vona. [1] [2] Ku ringanyetiwa leswaku ku na kwalomu ka 200,000 wa tin’anga ta xintu eAfrika Dzonga loko ku pimanyisiwa na 25,000 wa madokodela lawa ya leteriweke eka matirhelo ya 'bio-medical'. [3] Tin'anga ta xintu va vulavurisana na kwalomu ka 60% wa vaaki va Afrika-Dzonga, hi ntolovelo hi ku tirhisana na vukorhokeri bya biomedical bya manguva lawa. [4] Leswaku ku va ni ku twanana exikarhi ka lava hanyaka ni lava feke, leswi nga swa nkoka eka vutomi lebyi nga riki na swiphiqo, tin’anga ta ndhavuko ti tshemba leswaku vakokwa wa vona va fanele va xiximiwa hi ku tirhisa mihivahivana ni gandzelo ra swiharhi. [5] Va endla mikhuva yo vitana hi ku hisa swimilana swo fana na ''impepho'' ( ''Helichrysum petiolare'' ), ku cina, ku yimbelela, ku channela kumbe ku tlanga swigubu.</text>
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    <title>Cancer</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-04-11T10:50:19Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ZinjhivaSwiP</username>
        <id>10490</id>
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      <comment>added a subtopic.</comment>
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      <text bytes="944" sha1="mxev0ncbvkziw92oj6geqpqgj0arsam" xml:space="preserve">'''Mfukuzana''' i  vuvabyi bya ku kula ka tinyama ta miri hikokwalaho ka ku va masocha ya miri ya kuma mahungu yo kanganyisa ya leswaku miri wu le ku hlaseriweni hi mavabyi yo karhi. Masocha ya miri ya sungula ku lwa ni xirho lexi ya ehleketaka leswaku xi hlaseriwile hi xikongomelo xo lavaku lwisana ni mavabyi lama ya ehleketaka leswaku ya kona. Hi ndlela leyi, tinyama ta xivandla lexi hlaseriwaka hi masocha ta vaviseka ivi ti sungula ku pfimba. A swi le rivaleni kahle leswaku mfukuzana yi nga va yi vangiwa hi yini, kambe leswi swi ehleketeleriwaka swinene i ku dzaha fole. Swa olova ku tshungula kumbe ku yimisa vuvabyi lebyi loko byi lemukiwa byi nga si ndlandlamuka swinene, kambe swa tika ku va vuvabyi lebyi byi yimisiwa loko byo za byi ndlandlamuka swinene. Mfukuzana wu nga khoma munhu wihi ni wihi, kambe byi tala ku kumeka eka vanhu lava nga na malembe yo tlula 50.&lt;ref&gt;https://europepmc.org/books/nbk2293&lt;/ref&gt;

=== swihlovo ===</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tourism</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7055</id>
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      <id>38040</id>
      <parentid>38038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-04-11T10:52:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mkhacani.chauke</username>
        <id>10489</id>
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      <text bytes="491" sha1="cu5mqutt70rjdtas9loshu7y4v9eenw" xml:space="preserve">'''Vumpfhumba''' i bindzuriso lowunene swinene eka ikhonomi ya tiko ra hina ra Afrika-Dzonga. Vaakatiko hinkwavo va hlohloteriwa ku nghenelela hi tindlela to hambana-hambana eka timhaka ta vumpfhumba hi xikongomelo xo veka miganga ya vona eka mepe wa Afrika-Dzonga. Xana wena u endla yini ku xavisa muganga wa ka n'wina leswaku vanhu va wu tiva na ku wo endzela. Va ka hina a hi xalamukeni eka vurhongo bya nkalavutivi.&lt;ref&gt;https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-49849-2_1&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Corona virus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7056</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38043</id>
      <timestamp>2024-04-11T11:02:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Loyiso NX</username>
        <id>10494</id>
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      <comment>xitsongwanatsongwana xa corona virus</comment>
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      <text bytes="472" sha1="0mz9wd49ufoo2bsd72cisf4sq3neeu9" xml:space="preserve">'''Coronavirus'''  i xitsongwatsongwana lexi nga tumbuluka etikweni ra '''Chana''' hi lembe ra 2019 Nwendzamhala.Xitsongwanatsongwana lexi xi tlulelaka hi xihatla hilaha vanhu va vaka kusuhi na kusuhi.Xitsongwanatsongwana lexi xihetile vanhu votala swinene xikanwekanwe na matiko ma nwana yale handle.&lt;ref&gt;https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;q=coronavirus&amp;oq=corona#:~:text=%5BHTML%5D%20A%20review%20of%20coronavirus%20disease%2D2019%20(COVID%2D19)&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Spelling</comment>
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'''Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo''' ( Afrikaans  &lt;/link&gt; ) i yunivhesiti ya mfumo [[Limpopo|exifundzhenikulu xa Limpopo]] [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika-Dzonga]] . Yi vumbiwile hi ti 1 Ndzati 2005, hi ku hlanganisiwa ka Yunivhesiti ya N’walungu na Yunivhesiti ya Vutshunguri ya Afrika-Dzonga (MEDUNSA).  Swivandla swa khale  a swi vumbiwile hi tikhamphasi ta Turfloop na MEDUNSA ta yunivhesiti. Hi lembe ra 2015 khamphasi ya MEDUNSA yi hambanile na Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo ku ya va Yunivhesiti ya Sayense ya Rihanyo ya Sefako Makgatho. 

* Xikolo xa Tindzimi na Dyondzo ya Vuhlanganisi
* Xikolo xa Sayense ya Ntshamisano
* Xikolo xa Dyondzo

* Xikolo xa Nawu
* Xikolo xa Xibalo (SoA) .
* Xikolo xa Ikhonomi na Vufambisi
* Xikolo xa Vurhangeri xa Turfloop Graduate

* Xikolo xa Sayense ya Miri na Minerali
* Xikolo xa Sayense ya Molekhuli na Vutomi
* Xikolo xa Sayense ya Vurimi na Ntivo-mbango
* Xikolo xa Tinhlayo na Sayense ya Tikhompyuta

== Ku vekiwa ka xiyimo ==</text>
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    <title>Xirindza</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-24T06:18:35Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Kelly zhrm</username>
        <id>11371</id>
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Xivongo xaka Xirindza</text>
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    <title>Template:Harv</title>
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        <ip>149.71.36.110</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/how-much-of-indian-land-in-ladakh-is-occupied-by-china-1691859-2020-06-23</comment>
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      <text bytes="321" sha1="b68p4trb30rnu4ztvio7fpbq2wvcga1" xml:space="preserve">India exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as  3,287,260 km2 but its 129,046km2 is controlled by Pakistan(85846km2) and china (43180km2)
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/how-much-of-indian-land-in-ladakh-is-occupied-by-china-1691859-2020-06-23</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nsati</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>KHUTAZA</username>
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      <comment>I have bolded and link the words Muhlekisani</comment>
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      <text bytes="560" sha1="pmes30sywnluxm9z1jgaekoe587g96r" xml:space="preserve"> 

&lt;span lang=&quot;kk-cn&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;Nsati&lt;/span&gt; ( pl. : '''vavasati''' ) i [[N'wansati|wansati loyi]] '''a''' nga eka [[Vukati|vuxaka bya vukati]] . Wansati loyi a nga hambana na munghana wa yena u ya emahlweni a va nsati ku kondza vukati bya vona byi herisiwa hi nawu hi vaavanyisi bya ku herisa vukati . Loko muhlekisani wa yena a fa, nsati loyi a feriweke u vuriwa noni. Timfanelo na swiboha swa nsati eka '''[[Partner|muhlekisani]]''' wa yena na xiyimo xa yena eka vaaki na nawu swa hambana exikarhi ka mindhavuko naswona swi hambanile hi ku famba ka nkarhi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masungulo ya ririmi</title>
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        <username>JeanWiki27</username>
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      <comment>removed a comma</comment>
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      <text bytes="730" sha1="b6zh0v5rrdu9405i2nm8579t9b3msyu" xml:space="preserve">'''Matumbulukelo ya ririmi''', vuxaka bya rona ni ku hundzuka ka vanhu ni vuyelelo bya rona swi dyondziwile malembe yo tala lawa hindzeke. Swidyondzeki leswi navelaka ku dyondza matumbulukelo ya ririmi swi fanekele ku kuma swibumabumelo eka vumbhoni byo fana na nkandziyiso wa fossil, vumbhoni bya vuyemburi, ku hambana ka tindzimi ta manguva lawa, tidyondzo ta ku kuma ririmi na ku pimanisiwa exikarhi ka [[Ririmi|ririmi ra]] vanhu na maendlelo yo vulavurisana ka swiharhi (ngopfu ngopfu  tindzimi tin’wana). Vo tala va vula leswaku masungulo ya ririmi kumbexana ya fambelana swinene na masungulo ya mahanyelo ya vanhu ya manguva lawa, kambe a ku na ku twanana kutsongo mayelana na mintiyiso na switandzhaku swa ku yelana loku.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tithekinoloji ya Ririmi na Vuhlanganisi</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1096078507|Language and Communication Technologies]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="374" sha1="43cgfs4hqtiqt8fqilddcliml907ibs" xml:space="preserve">'''Tithekinoloji ya Ririmi na Vuhlanganisi''' ( '''LCT''' ; yi tlhela yi tiviwa tanihi '''''thekinoloji ya ririmi na vanhu''''' kumbe '''''thekinoloji ya ririmi''''' hi ku komisa) i dyondzo ya sayense ya thekinoloji leyi andzisaka ririmi na vuhlanganisi. I ntirho wa swiyenge swo hambanahambana lowu katsaka swiyenge swa sayense ya khompyuta, tindzimi na sayense ya vutivi .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sean Combs, ku vula yena</title>
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        <username>Hiyuune</username>
        <id>10942</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/2003:C9:F738:B206:BD11:E31A:1DA5:88AC|2003:C9:F738:B206:BD11:E31A:1DA5:88AC]] ([[User talk:2003:C9:F738:B206:BD11:E31A:1DA5:88AC|talk]]) to last version by Tshwandlani: purely nonsense content</comment>
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'''Sean Love Combs''' (loyi a velekiweke hi '''Sean John Combs'''; November 4, 1969), loyi a tivekaka hi mavito ya yena ya xiteji kunga '''[[:en:Sean_Combs|Puff Daddy]]''', '''P. Diddy''', kumbe '''Diddy''',  loyi i muyimbeleri wa vunanga bya rap wa le Amerika, muhumelerisi na mufambisi wa tirhekhodo. U velekiwile eHarlem naswona u kuriseriwe eMount Vernon, eNew York, Combs u tirhile tanihi mukongomisi wa titalenta eka Uptown Records loko anga se simeka lebula ya yena ya tirhekhodo, &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bad Boy Records&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, hi lembe ra 1993. '''Combs''' u xiximiwile hi ku tshubula na ku hlakulela vatshila vo fana na Notorious BIG, Mary J. Blige na Usher.
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Homu block 14b</title>
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    <id>7067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38076</id>
      <timestamp>2024-05-03T11:07:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tshwandlani</username>
        <id>10534</id>
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      <comment>Ndzi endle article</comment>
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      <text bytes="670" sha1="85ajrjs6groowmtsfos4ldnm0ceb7nm" xml:space="preserve"> 

Homu Block 14B i tiko leri kumekaka eGiyani, exifundzheni xa Limpopo. Khale ka ka khaleni akuri na wanuna loyi a tiveka hi vito ra Gumani. Gumani a xiri xihontlovile lexi axi famba xi nghena mitini ya vanhu xi nusa mugayu hi nkanu notlhela xi khuma chukele. Eka rin'wana ra masiku, Gumani u hlangane na khombo loko avatava a nghene endyangwini waka Xibangwa laha anga ringeta ku endla swa ntolovelo anga lemuki leswaku tatana Xibangwa akuri socha ra Frilimo. Van'wi balaserile awa na xibakitani xa mugayu lexi ayi rhwele ayaku pfindii!. Ku baleseriwa ka yena ku vile ku hundza ka yena emisaveni. Tiko ri vhele ri ntshuxeka eka ku tekeriwa mugayo hi xihontlovila lexi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>NKAYIVELO WA MATI EDOROBENINKULU RA WITBANK</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7068</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38077</id>
      <timestamp>2024-05-03T11:09:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>VuneneKb</username>
        <id>10537</id>
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      <comment>Ni tsarile Atikili</comment>
      <origin>38077</origin>
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      <text bytes="405" sha1="kjrzby41ywtevqh2jp4fe5bi2m9ztay" xml:space="preserve">Witbank I dorapa lerikulu leri kumekaka exifundzeni xa Mpumalanga. I doropa ro tala hi mimayini. Mati ma kayivela edorobeni leri, minkarhi yo tala ma tala ku famba mavhiki kumbe tin’hweti ma nga vuyi. Ku vikiwa leswaku nkayivelo lowu wa mati wu vangiwa hi ku kala mati ka swihlayisi swa mati na kuka manga tirhisiwi kahle hi vaakatiko. Nhlayiso wa mati no tirhisa hivukheta swinga sivela nkayivelo lowu.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nthyakiso wa moya edorobeni ra Emalahleni</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-05-03T11:09:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vleen</username>
        <id>10538</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tsarile atikili hi nthyakiso wa moya edorobeni ra Emalahleni hikokwalaho ka ku endliwa ka malahla.</comment>
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      <text bytes="416" sha1="pxbs1o4oyy456evvplmgcfhltfnigq9" xml:space="preserve">Doroba ra Emalahleni ri kumeka exifundzeni xa Mpumalanga, doroba leri ri tiveka hi ku endla malahla swinene. laha malahla lama ya endlaka nthyakiso wa moya. loko moya wu thyakile swa onha swinene, swi nga va nga mavabyi na timpfula leti nga na ka nkarhi wun’wana na wun’wana swi nga languteriwanga naswona swi nga veka vaaka tiko ehansi ka mintshekelelo yo hambanahambana ku katsa na laha malahla endliwaka kona.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>I-Biltong</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7070</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38089</id>
      <timestamp>2024-05-09T11:59:50Z</timestamp>
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        <username>UnaMush</username>
        <id>10556</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1221316486|Biltong]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ntonga''' i muxaka wa nyama leyi omisiweke, leyi horisiweke leyi sunguleke ematikweni ya le Dzongeni wa Afrika ( [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Malawi]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[ESwatini|Eswatini]], na [[Zambiya|Zambia]] ). Tinyama to hambanahambana ti nga tirhisiwa ku endla ntonga, kusuka eka nyama ya homu, ya mbiti, ya nyimpfu, na tinyama tin'wana. Ya huku a yi endli ntonga. Kambe ngopfu nyama ya swiharhi. Ku tsemiwa ku nga tlhela ku hambana ku va ku nga va ti fillets ta nyama leti tsemiweke ku va swiphemuphemu leswi landzelaka mavele ya misiha, kumbe swiphemu swa flat leswi tsemiweke ku tsemakanya mavele. Swi fambelana na beef jerky ; havumbirhi bya swona i nyama leyi nga ni swinun’hweriso, leyi omisiweke; hambiswiritano switirhisiwa leswi tolovelekeke, nantswo, na maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi swi nga hambana.

Rito &quot;&quot; ri huma eka rito ra [[Xibhunu|Xiafrikaxi]] {{Lang|nl|bil}}&lt;/link&gt; (&quot;xitlepu&quot;) na ''{{Lang|nl|tong}}''&lt;/link&gt; (&quot;xiphemu&quot; kumbe &quot;ririmi&quot;). 

== Masungulo ==
Ku hlayisiwa ka nyama tani hi ndlela yo hanya swisungule eka minkarhi ya khale.

Nyama yi nga hlayisiwa hi ku yi horisa eka munyu, brine, kumbe vinegar xikan’we na saltpetre (potassium nitrate). Potassium nitrate yi dlaya ''Clostridium botulinum'', xitsongwatsongwana lexi dlayaka lexi vangaka botulism, kasi acidi ya vhiniga yi sivela ku kula ka yona. Hikuya hi World Health Organization, ''C. botulinum'' ayi nge kuli eka swiyimo swa acid (pH yale hansi ka 4.6); hikwalaho chefu a yi nge vumbiwi eka swakudya leswi nga ni asidi. 

Swilo leswi dlayaka switsongwatsongwana swa swinun’hweriso swo karhi na swona swi tekiwile ku sukela khale. Swinun'hweriso leswi nghenisiweke eka  hi Madachi swi katsa phepha, coriander na cloves . 

Hi January 2017, ntlawa wa vulavisisi eUniversity of Beira Interior e Portugal wu kandziyise ndzavisiso mayelana na swivumbeko swa antimicrobial swa mafurha ya coriander &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid25831119&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=35–47}}&lt;/ref&gt; (coriander kuva yin’wana ya swipayisisi leswikulu eka ti recipe ta xisekelo swinene ta ) eka 12 wa tinxaka ta tibakitheriya, na va kumile leswaku 10 wa tinxaka ta 12 ta tibakteriya ti dlayiwile hi nhlayo yo olova ya mafurha ya coriander (1.6%). Eka tinxaka timbirhi leti nga dlayiwangiki kahle, ''Bacillus cereus'' na ''Enterococcus faecalis'', mafurha ya coriander ya hungute ku kula ka wona swinene. 

Xilaveko xa ku hlayisa swakudya eDzongeni wa Afrika a xi ri xa xihatla. Mabokisi ya ayisi ni tifiriji a swi nga si tumbuluxiwa naswona ku aka mitlhambi ya swifuwo swi teke nkarhi wo leha. Hambiswiritano, leswi swiharhi a swi tele eDzongeni wa Afrika, ku laviwe tindlela ta ndhavuko leswaku ku hlayisiwa nyama ya swiharhi leswikulu swa le Afrika ku katsa ni eland .

Nyama leyi a yi lulamisiwa hi vhiniga na swipayisisi kutani yi hayekiwa leswaku yi ta omisiwa emoyeni kuringana mavhiki mambirhi hi xixika, laha mahiselo yo titimela ya ya ka emahlweni ya sivela ku kula ka tibakitheriya na fungal. Loko se yi omisiwa kahle, ntonga a wu lulamerile ku pakiwa eka swikhwama swa malapi leswi pfumelelaka ku famba famba ka moya ku va swipfuneta ku sivela mould. &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Kulaveka vumbhoni|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)&quot;&gt;ku tshahiwa ka laveka&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Swikatsiwa ==
Swilo leswi tolovelekeke ngopfu swa ntonga hi leswi:  

* Nyama
* Phepha ra ntima
* Coriander ya xirhendzevutani
* Munyu
* Vhiniga

Swilo swa manguva lawa leswi mikarhi yin’wana swi cheriwaka swi katsa vhiniga ya balsamic kumbe vhiniga ya malt, chukela, tiphepha ta chilli leti omisiweke leti gayeriweke, nutmeg, paprika, [[Lamula|juzi ya lamula]], garlic, bicarbonate of soda, .{{Kulaveka vumbhoni|date=December 2022}}&lt;/link&gt; Sauce ya Worcestershire,  phoyizeni ya anyanisi, na saltpetre .

== Nyama ==
Loko ku nga si sunguriwa ku va na xigwitsirisi, endlelo ro horisa ari tirhisiwa ku hlayisa tinxaka hinkwato ta nyama e Dzongeni wa Afrika, kambe  yitala ku endliwa namuntlha kusuka eka nyama ya homu, ngopfu ngopfu hikokwalaho ka ku kumeka ka yona hi xitalo xikan’we na ntsengo wale hansi loko ku pimanyisiwa na swiharhi. Eka swiphemu leswi tsemiweke kahle, ku tirhisiwa fillet, sirloin, kumbe ti steaks leti tsemiweke kusuka exifuveni, tofana na topside kumbe silverside ,. Ti cuts tin’wana tinga tirhisiwa, kambe ati le henhla kufana na khwalithi.

Ntonga wu nga tlhela wu endliwa kusuka eka:

* Huku, leyi vuriwaka ntsena  ya huku
* Tinhlampfi eka xiyimo lexi, leti tivekaka tani hi ''bokkoms'' ( Nkavangaheti  tinga kumeka na le Afrika Dzonga).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=63–64}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Ti bokkoms'' ati fanelanga ku pfilunganyeka na tihlampfi tin'wana leti horisiweke tofana na angelfish leyi omisiweke na snoek leyi omisiweke .
* Swiharhi swo fana na kudu, springbok, na wildebeest
* Nyama ya nca (yo tshwuka yo vangama, hakanyingi yi fana ni swiharhi) .
* Nyama ya venison (yi tirhisiwa e Europe leyi fanaka na game) 

== Malulamiselo ==
Hi ndhavuko, ntonga a wu endliwa ntsena hi nkarhi wa xirhami xa xixika loko khombo ra kukula ka ti bacteria na mold arita va ritsongo. Ti recipe tin’wana tilava leswaku nyama yi marinated eka vinegar solution (grape vinegar i ya ndhavuko kambe balsamic na cider na swona switirha kahle swinene) kuringana tiawara nyana, kutani vinegar yi cheriwa loko nyama yinga se nantswisiwa hi munyu na swipayisisi. Nkatsakanyo wa swipayisisi wu fafazeriwa hi ku ntshunxeka ehenhla ka nyama ivi wu hlantswa endzeni. Saltpetre i ya ku hlawula naswona yinga cheriwa tani hi xihlayisi xo engetelela (swilaveka ntsena eka  leyi tsakamaka leyi nga ta ka yi nga titimeli). Kutani nyama yi fanele ku tshikiwa kuringana tiawara tin’wananyana (kumbe yi vekiwa efrijini vusiku hinkwabyo) naswona mati wahi na wahi lama ya nga hundza ya cheriwa loko nyama yi nga si hayekiwa eka dryer.

Maendlelo man'wana, lama a ma hundziseriwa kusuka eka xitukulwana ku ya eka xitukulwana, ti lava leswaku ntonga wu tshikiwa vusiku hinkwabyo eka vinegar, munyu, na xipayisisi (exikarhi ka 12 na 24 wa tiawara).  Hi ntolovelo nkatsakanyo wa swipayisisi wu ni munyu lowu ringanaka wa ribye, coriander leyi heleleke (leyi oxiweke katsongo), phepha ra ntima leri gayiweke hi ndlela yo ka yi nga ri kahle ni chukela ra buraweni.  Vinegar yi tirha tani hi xisivela xosungula xa ti bacteria ta ''Clostridium botulinum'', kuya hi World Health Organization,  kasi munyu, coriander, pepper, na cloves hinkwaswo swina switirhisiwa swo lwisana na switsongwatsongwana. 

== Ku omisa ==
[[File:BiltongUKOven.jpg|right|thumb|  hiku hatlisa ku oma hiku tirhisa oven ya gezi]]
Hi ndhavuko, ntonga a wu endliwa hi xixika xo titimela xa highveld ya Afrika-Dzonga ku va wu va na mbuyelo wa kahle swinene. Moya wo titimela, wo oma hi ntolovelo awu omisa ntonga hindlela leyinene swinene, naswona eka ndzhawu ya kahle swinene ya vuhlayiseki bya swakudya. Khombo ra mold na bacteria swile ka xiyimo xale hansi xa ntumbuluko, naswona swiphemu swo tiya swa  swinga hayekiwa leswaku swita oma hiku nonoka leswaku kutava na xivumbeko lexi fuweke, nantswo lowu heleleke, na muhlovo wa ntima. Ku hisa ku nghenisiwile ntsena eka endlelo eka malembe lawa yanga hundza, naswona vaendli va  va ndhavuko vahlayisa leswaku kuhisa swiendla mbuyelo wale hansi wa makumu. Hikokwalaho ka khombo leri engetelekeke ra kukula ka ti bacteria na fungi, ndlela yo hisiwa, kufana na leyi tirhisiwaka eka mabokisi ya  ya khadibodo kumbe ya mapulanga (ya le madorobeni) kumbe makamara yo oma lawa ya lawuriwaka hi maxelo (ya mabindzu), ayi tirhisiwi handle ko cheriwa ti nitrates kumbe ti nitrites (munyu wo horisa ). Ku ya hi swipayisisi leswi tirhisiwaka, kunga endliwa nantswo wo hambanahambana.  yinga tlhela yi endliwa eka maxelo yo titimela hiku tirhisa rivoni ra gezi ku omisa nyama, kambe vukheta byifanele ku tekiwa leswaku ku nga ngheniwa moya, tani hileswi mould yi nga sungulaka ku va kona eka nyama.

Ndhavuko wa omisa hi katsongotsongo wu ta tisa murhi wa le xikarhi endzhaku ka kwalomu ka mune wa masiku. Oven leyi pfuniwaka hi fa na ya gezi yi vekiwile eka {{Convert|40-70|C}}, loko nyangwa wu pfulekile hi xiphemu leswaku wu humesa moya lowu tsakamaka, wu nga omisa nyama hi kwalomu ka tiawara ta mune.  Hambileswi leyi omisiweke eovheni yi lulameleke ku dyiwa endzhaku ka siku kumbe mambirhi endzhaku ka loko yi lunghiseriwile, vaendli va  va ndhavuko va ha teka nyama leyi omisiweke hi ku nonoka yi hlayisekile naswona yi ri ya xiyimo xa le henhla.

== Ku pimanisiwa na jerky ==
[[File:Beef_jerky.jpg|right|thumb| Xigwitsirisi xa nyama ya homu]]
Ntonga wu hambana na jerky hi tindlela ta mune to hambana:

* Nyama leyi tirhisiwaka eka  yitala kuva yitele swinene hikokwalaho ka nkarhi wo hatlisa wo oma eka swiyimo swa moya wo oma; hi ntolovelo, nyama ya  yi tsemiwa hi swiphemuphemu kwalomu ka {{Convert|25|mm}} hi ku anama, kambe yi nga va yi enta. Jerky hi ntolovelo i nyama yo olova swinene.
* Vhiniga, munyu ni swinun’hweriso leswi nga eka , swin’we ni endlelo ro omisa nyama, swi horisa nyama swin’we ni ku engetela xivumbeko ni nantswo. Jerky hi ndzhavuko yi omisiwa hi munyu, kambe kungari na vinegar.
* Jerky yi tala ku tswongiwa; ntonga a wu tali ku tswongiwa. 
* Ntonga wa ntolovelo a wu na swiengeteri swa chukele, kasi jerky nkarhi wo tala yina. 

== Vhengele ==
Ntonga i xitirhisiwa lexi tolovelekeke eka tibuchari ta le Dzongeni wa Afrika na mavhengele ya swakudya, naswona yinga xaviwa hi xivumbeko xa ti wide strips kumbe ti strips to olova swinene (leswi tivekaka tani hi {{Lang|af|stokkies}}&lt;/link&gt; , leswi vulaka &quot;tinhonga letitsongo&quot;). Yi tlhela yi xavisiwa hi tipulasitiki, minkarhi yin’wana yi phutseriwe hi shrink, naswona yi nga ha tsemiwa kahle kumbe yi tsemiwa tanihi ti-  chips.

Nakambe, vaxavisi van’wana vo hlawuleka va xavisa . Mavhengele lawa yanga xavisa  tani hi &quot;wet&quot; (tsakamanyana), &quot;tsakama ku ringanela&quot;, kumbe &quot;oma&quot;. Ku engetela kwalaho, vaxavi van’wana va yi tsakela yi ri ni mafurha yo tala, kasi van’wana va yi tsakela yi nga ri na mafurha hilaha swi nga kotekaka hakona.

== Ku dya ==
Hambileswi ntonga hi ntolovelo wu dyiwaka tanihi swakudya swo olova, wu nga ha tlhela wu tsemiwa wu va swirhumbana, kutani wu cheriwa eka ti- muffin kumbe xinkwa xa le poto . Ti crisps ta matamatisi leti nandzihaka wa ntonga na tona ti endliwile,  naswona ti cheese spreads tin’wana   tina nantswo wa .  leyi tsemiweke kahle yi dyiwa eka swilayi swa xinkwa na le ka ti sandwich.  

Ntonga wu nga tirhisiwa tani hi xitirhisiwa xo humesa meno eka tincece. 

Ntonga i swakudya leswi nga ni tiphurotheni to tala. Hakanyingi, 200 g ya nyama ya homu ya laveka ku endla 100 g ya biltong, naswona endlelo ro endla biltong ri hlayisa vunyingi bya ti protein. Ti biltong tin’wana tingava na kufika eka 67% wa ti protein.

== Emisaveni hinkwayo ==
Ku duma ka ntonga ku hangalakile eka matiko man’wana yo tala lama ya nga na vaaki vo tala va Afrika Dzonga - [[Khanada|Canada]], United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, United States, na India. Biltong yitlhela yi humelerisiwa endzeni ka miganga ya vahlampfa va Afrika-Dzonga emisaveni hinkwayo, xikombiso eGermany, Ireland, hambi ku ri eKorea-Dzonga.  
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    <title>Xitsongwatsongwana xa Khorona</title>
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      <text bytes="22121" sha1="swe7rnf2iwaenycsb263c8uszkpfsua" xml:space="preserve">'''Xitsongwatsongwana xa Khorona''' i ntlawa wa switsongwatsongwana swa RNA leswi yelanaka leswi vangaka mavabyi eka swihadyana leswi mamisaka na swinyanyana. Eka vanhu na swinyanyana, swi va nga mavabyi ya swirho swo hefemula leswi nga sukaka eka leswi nga nyawuriki ku ya eka leswi dlayaka. Mavabyi yo olova eka vanhu ya katsa timhangu tin’wana ta mukhuhlwana lowu tolovelekeke (lowu tlhelaka wu vangiwa hi switsongwatsongwana swin’wana, ngopfungopfu tirhinovirus ), kasi tinxaka leti dlayaka swinene ti nga vanga SARS, MERS na [[Vuvabyi bya Khorona bya 2019|COVID-19]] . Eka tihomu na tinguluve swi vanga ku pfimba ka khwiri, kasi eka timbeva swi vanga hepatitis na encephalomyelitis.

Xitsongatsongwana xa khorona xi vumba ndyangu lowutsongo wa '''''Orthocoronavirinae''''', eka ndyangu ''wa Coronaviridae'', odara ''ya Nidovirales'' na realm ''Riboviria'' .  &lt;ref name=&quot;FanZhao2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Fan Y, Zhao K, Shi ZL, Zhou P|first=210}}&lt;/ref&gt; I switsongwatsongwana leswi funengetiweke leswi nga na genome ya RNA ya single-stranded ya positive-sense na nucleocapsid ya helical symmetry. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|volume=Cherry J, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vukulu bya genome bya xitsongatsongwana xa khorona byi sukela eka kwalomu ka 26 kuya eka 32 kilobases, yin’wana ya letikulu eka  RNA virus. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY|first=1804–20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti ni swipikiri leswi nga ni xivumbeko xa xibakele leswi humaka ehenhla ka tona, leswi eka swifaniso leswitsongo swa tielektroni swi endlaka xifaniso lexi tsundzuxaka hi corona ya tinyeleti, leyi vito ra tona ri humaka eka xona. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Mallucci L, McIntosh K, Tyrrell DA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matumbulukelo ==
Vito ra &quot;xitsongatsongwana xa khorona&quot; ri huma eka Xilatini ''[[wiktionary:corona#Latin|corona]]'', leswi vulaka &quot;harhi&quot; kumbe &quot;xirhendzevutani&quot;, hi roxe i ku lomba eka Xigriki {{Lang|grc|κορώνη}}&lt;/link&gt; ''korṓnē'', &quot;xirhabyana, xirhangiso&quot;.   Vito leri ri tumbuluxiwile hi June Almeida na David Tyrrell lava nga sungula ku languta na ku dyondza hi xitsongatsongwana xa khorona ya vanhu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Rito leri ri tirhisiwile ro sungula eku kandziyisiweni hi 1968 hi ntlawa lowu nga riki wa xivumbeko wa vativi va switsongwatsongwana eka magazini lowu nge ''Nature'' ku vula ndyangu lowuntshwa wa switsongwatsongwana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Mallucci L, McIntosh K, Tyrrell DA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vito leri ri vula xivumbeko xa xihlawulekisi xa  virions (xivumbeko lexi tluleriwaka xa xitsongwatsongwana) hi electron microscopy, leyi nga na fringe ya ti bulbous surface projections letikulu, bulbous surface projections leti endlaka xifaniso lexi tsundzuxaka solar corona kumbe halo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=96}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xivumbeko lexi xi endliwa hi ti viral spike peplomers, leti nga tiphurotheni leti nga ehenhla ka xitsongwatsongwana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Sturman LS, Holmes KV|first=35–112}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vito ra sayense ra ''xitsongatsongwana xa khorona'' ri amukeriwile tanihi vito ra muxaka hi International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses (endzhaku yi thyiwile International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ) hi 1971. &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=43–53}}&lt;/ref&gt; Loko nhlayo ya tinxaka letintshwa yi andza, muxaka lowu wu avanyisiwile hi tinxaka ta mune, ku nga ''Alphaxitsongatsongwana xa khorona'', ''Betaxitsongatsongwana xa khorona'', ''Deltaxitsongatsongwana xa khorona'', na ''Gammaxitsongatsongwana xa khorona'' hi 2009. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Carstens EB|first=133–46}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vito leri tolovelekeke ra xitsongatsongwana xa khorona ri tirhisiwa ku kombetela eka xirho xin'wana na xin'wana xa ndyangu lowutsongo wa ''Orthocoronavirinae'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;FanZhao2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Fan Y, Zhao K, Shi ZL, Zhou P|first=210}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusukela hi 2020, 45 wa tinxaka ti amukeriwile ximfumo. 

== Matimu ==
Swiviko swo sungula swa ku tluleriwa hi xitsongatsongwana xa khorona eka swifuwo swi humelerile eku heleni ka malembe ya va 1920s, loko ku humelela vuvabyinyana bya mahefemulele ya tihuku leti fuyiweke eNorth America. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Estola T|first=330–336}}&lt;/ref&gt; Arthur Schalk na MC Hawn hi 1931 va endlile xiviko xo sungula xa vuxokoxoko lexi hlamuseleke ku tluleriwa lokuntshwa ka ku hefemula ka tihuku eNorth Dakota . Ku tluleriwa ka swinyanyana leswi ha ku velekiwaka swi tiveka hi ku hefemula na ku pfumala ku tsakela laha ku nga na nhlayo ya le henhla ya mafu ya 40–90%. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=648–650}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leland David Bushnell na Carl Alfred Brandly va hambanisile xitsongwatsongwana lexi nga vanga ku tluleriwa hi 1933. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Bushnell LD, Brandly CA|first=55–60}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kutani xitsongwatsongwana lexi a xi tiviwa tanihi infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Charles D. Hudson na Fred Robert Beaudette va byale xitsongwatsongwana lexi ro sungula hi 1937.  Xikombiso lexi xi sungule ku tiveka tanihi muxaka wa Beaudette. Eku heleni ka malembe ya va 1940s, ku kumiwile mixaka yin'wana iyimbirhi ya xitsongatsongwana xa khorona ya swiharhi, JHM leyi vangaka mavabyi ya byongo (murine encephalitis) na mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) leyi vangaka hepatitis eka timbeva. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|volume=McIntosh K|first1=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; A swi nga xiyiwi hi nkarhi wolowo leswaku switsongwatsongwana leswi swinharhu swo hambana swa yelana.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=43–53}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xitsongatsongwana xa khorona xa vanhu xi kumiwile hi malembe yava 1960s &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Kahn JS, McIntosh K|first=S223–7, discussion S226}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Mahase E|first=m1547}}&lt;/ref&gt; hi ku tirhisa tindlela timbirhi to hambana eUnited Kingdom nale United States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=151–165}}&lt;/ref&gt; E. C. Kendall, Malcolm Bynoe, na David Tyrrell lava tirhaka eka Common Cold Unit ya British Medical Research Council va hlengeletile xitsongwatsongwana xo hlawuleka xa common cold lexi thyiweke B814 hi 1961. &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Kendall EJ, Bynoe ML, Tyrrell DA|first=82–6}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=1451}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=827–829}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xitsongwatsongwana lexi a xi nga ta byariwa hi ku tirhisa tithekiniki ta ntolovelo leti nga byala hi ku humelela ti rhinoviruses, adenoviruses na tivhayirasi tin’wana leti tivekaka ta mikhuhlwana leyi nga toloveleka. Hi 1965, Tyrrell na Bynoe va hlakulele xitsongwatsongwana lexi xa novhele hilaha ku humelelaka hi ku xi hundzisela hi ku landzelelana eka ndhavuko wa swirho swa trachea ya embryo ya munhu . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Tyrrell DA, Bynoe ML|first=1467–70}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndlela leyintshwa yo byala yi nghenisiwile eka lab hi Bertil Hoorn. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=93–95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xitsongwatsongwana lexi hambanisiweke loko xi cheriwa hi nomu eka vatirhi vo tirhandzela xi vange xirhami naswona xi nga tirhi hi ether leswi kombisaka leswaku xi na mvhilopho ya lipid . &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=440}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dorothy Hamre na John Procknow eYunivhesiti ya Chicago va hambanise xirhami xa novhele eka swichudeni swa vutshunguri hi 1962. Va hambanise ni ku kurisa xitsongwatsongwana lexi eka ndhavuko wa tinyama ta tinsu, va xi thya 229E. Xitsongwatsongwana xa novhele xi vange xirhami eka vatirhi vo tirhandzela naswona, ku fana na B814, xi nga tirhi hi ether. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Hamre D, Procknow JJ|first=190–3}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mutivi wa switsongwatsongwana wa le Scotland June Almeida eXibedlhele xa St Thomas eLondon, hi ku tirhisana na Tyrrell, u pimanisile swivumbeko swa IBV, B814 na 229E hi 1967.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=1511.1–1511}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ku tirhisa electron microscopy switsongwatsongwana leswinharhu swi kombisiwile swi ri leswi yelanaka hi xivumbeko hi xivumbeko xa swona xo angarhela na swipikiri leswi hambaneke leswi fanaka na swibakele . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Almeida JD, Tyrrell DA|first=175–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntlawa wa ndzavisiso eka National Institute of Health hi lembe leri fanaka wu kotile ku hambanyisa xirho xin’wana xa ntlawa lowu wuntshwa wa switsongwatsongwana hi ku tirhisa organ culture naswona wu thye yin’wana ya tisampulu ta vito ra OC43 (OC for organ culture). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=McIntosh K, Becker WB, Chanock RM|first=2268–73}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kufana na B814, 229E, na IBV, xitsongwatsongwana xa novhele xa cold OC43 axiri na swipikiri swo hlawuleka swofana na club loko swi langutiwa hi electron microscope. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=McIntosh K, Dees JH, Becker WB, Kapikian AZ, Chanock RM|first=933–40}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Switsongwatsongwana swo tumbuluka swa mikhuhlwana leswi fanaka na IBV swi hatle swi kombisiwile kuva na swona swi fambelana hi xivumbeko na xitsongwatsongwana xa mouse hepatitis. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|volume=McIntosh K|first1=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntlawa lowu wuntshwa wa switsongwatsongwana wu thyiwile vito ra xitsongatsongwana xa khorona endzhaku ka xivumbeko xa tona xo hlawuleka xa xivumbeko. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Mallucci L, McIntosh K, Tyrrell DA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xitsongwatsongwana xa vanhu xa xitsongatsongwana xa khorona 229E na xitsongwatsongwana xa vanhu xa xitsongatsongwana xa khorona OC43 swiyile emahlweni swi dyondziwa eka makume ya malembe lawa yanga landzela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=389–401}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid23202515&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Geller C, Varbanov M, Duval RE|first=3044–68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muxaka wa xitsongwatsongwana xa xitsongatsongwana xa khorona B814 wu lahlekile. A swi tiveki leswaku a ku ri xitsongwatsongwana xa sweswi xa vanhu xa xitsongatsongwana xa khorona xihi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Coronaviruses|page=199–223|quote=The other OC strains and B814 that could not be adapted to mouse brain resisted adaptation to cell culture as well; these distinct viruses have since been lost and may actually have been rediscovered recently}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusukela kwalano ku tiviwile ti xitsongatsongwana xa khorona tin’wana ta vanhu, ku katsa na SARS-CoV hi 2003, HCoV NL63 hi 2003, HCoV HKU1 hi 2004, MERS-CoV hi 2013, na SARS-CoV-2 hi 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W|first=727–733}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kutlhele kuva na nhlayo leyikulu ya ti xitsongatsongwana xa khorona ta swiharhi leti tivekaka kusukela hi malembe yava 1960s. ''&lt;ref name=&quot;groot&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|volume=de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric R, Enjuanes L, Gorbalenya AE, Holmes KV, Perlman S, Poon L, Rottier PJ, Talbot PJ, Woo PC, Ziebuhr J|first1=806–28|author1=Susan Baker (virologist)}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

=== Xivumbeko ===
Xitsongatsongwana xa khorona xa naparticles letikulu, leti nga na xirhendzevutani leti nga na tindhawu  to hlawuleka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Goldsmith CS, Tatti KM, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Comer JA, Lee WW, Rota PA, Bankamp B, Bellini WJ, Zaki SR|first=320–6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vukulu bya tona byi cinca cinca swinene laha ti diameters ta xikarhi ta 80&amp;nbsp;ku ya eka 120&amp;nbsp;nm . Vukulu byo tlula mpimo bya tiveka kusuka eka 50 kuya eka 200&amp;nbsp;nm hi vukulu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Masters PS|first=193–292}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhlayo hinkwayo ya timolekhuli hi xiringaniso i 40 000&amp;nbsp;kDa . Ti pfaleriwile eka mvhilopho leyi nghenisiweke hi timolekhuli to hlayanyana ta tiphrotheyini. &lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Lalchhandama K|first=78–92}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mvhilopho ya lipid bilayer, ti protein ta membrane na nucleocapsid swisirhelela xitsongwatsongwana loko xiri ehandle ka sele ya host. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Neuman BW, Kiss G, Kunding AH, Bhella D, Baksh MF, Connelly S, Droese B, Klaus JP, Makino S, Sawicki SG, Siddell SG, Stamou DG, Wilson IA, Kuhn P, Buchmeier MJ|first=11–22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mvhilopho ya xitsongwatsongwana yi endliwe hi lipid bilayer laha tiphurotheni ta xivumbeko xa membrane (M), envelope (E) na spike (S) ti khomiweke. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lai_1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Lai MM, Cavanagh D|first=1–100}}&lt;/ref&gt; Molar ratio ya E:S:M eka lipid bilayer yi kwalomu ka 1:20:300. &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid1316677&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Godet M, L'Haridon R, Vautherot JF, Laude H|first=666–75}}&lt;/ref&gt; Proteyini ya E na M i tiphuritheni ta xivumbeko leti hlanganisiweke na lipid bilayer ku vumba mvhilopho ya xitsongwatsongwana na ku hlayisa vukulu bya yona. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fehr_2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|volume=Fehr AR, Perlman S|first1=1–23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti protein ta S ta laveka eka ku tirhisana na ti cells leti amukelaka. Kambe xitsongatsongwana xa khorona ya vanhu NL63 yi hlawulekile hikuva protein ya yona ya M yina ndzhawu yo boha sele ya host, naswona ku n gari protein ya yona ya S. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Naskalska A, Dabrowska A, Szczepanski A, Milewska A, Jasik KP, Pyrc K}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diameter ya mvhilopho i 85&amp;nbsp;nm. Mvhilopho ya xitsongwatsongwana eka ti electron micrographs yi humelela tani hi mpatswa lowu hambaneke wa ti electron-dense shells (swikhegelo leswinga vonakiki ngopfu eka electron beam leyi tirhisiwaka ku scan xiphemu xa xitsongwatsongwana). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Neuman BW, Adair BD, Yoshioka C, Quispe JD, Orca G, Kuhn P, Milligan RA, Yeager M, Buchmeier MJ|first=7918–28}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Fehr_2015&quot; /&gt;

Phuroteyini ya M i phurotheni leyikulu ya xivumbeko xa mvhilopho leyi nyikaka xivumbeko hinkwaxo naswona i phrotheyini ya muxaka wa III ya membrane . Yi na 218 kuya eka 263 wa masalela ya amino acid naswona yi endla leyara ya 7.8&amp;nbsp;nm yo tiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Lalchhandama K|first=78–92}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yi na tidomeni tinharhu, ectodomain yo koma ya N-terminal, domain ya transmembrane leyi hlanganisaka kanharhu, na endodomain ya C-terminal. Domain ya C-terminal yi endla lattice yofana na matrix leyi engetelaka eka extra-thickness ya mvhilopho. Tinxaka tohambana hambana tingava na ''N'' - kumbe ''O'' -linked glycans eka protein amino-terminal domain ya tona. Proteyini ya M i ya nkoka swinene hi nkarhi wa nhlengeletano, budding, ku vumbiwa ka mvhilopho, na switeji swa pathogenesis swa xirhendzevutani xa vutomi bya xitsongwatsongwana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Schoeman D, Fielding BC|first=69}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti protein ta E i ti protein letintsongo ta xivumbeko naswona ti cinca cinca swinene eka tinxaka tohambana hambana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Masters PS|first=193–292}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuna ntsena kwalomu ka 20 wa tikopi ta molecule ya protein ya E eka xiphemu xa xitsongatsongwana xa khorona. &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid1316677&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Godet M, L'Haridon R, Vautherot JF, Laude H|first=666–75}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va 8.4 ku ya eka 12&amp;nbsp;kDa hi vukulu naswona ti vumbiwa hi 76 kuya eka 109 wa ti amino acids. &lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; I ti protein ta nkoka (i.e. leti nghenisiweke eka lipid layer) naswona tina ti domain timbirhi kunga transmembrane domain na extramembrane C-terminal domain. Ti lava kuva ti α-helical hiku hetiseka, na domain yin’we ya α-helical transmembrane, naswona ti endla ti pentameric (ntlhanu-molecular) ion channels eka lipid bilayer. Ti na vutihlamuleri eka nhlengeletano ya virion, ku xavisiwa ka tisele endzeni ka tisele na morphogenesis (budding). &lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Lalchhandama K|first=78–92}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti spikes hi tona leti hambanisaka ngopfu ti xitsongatsongwana xa khorona naswona tina vutihlamuleri eka vuandlalo byofana na corona kumbe halo. Hi xiringaniso xiphemu xa xitsongatsongwana xa khorona xi na 74 wa swipikiri swa le henhla. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Neuman BW, Kiss G, Kunding AH, Bhella D, Baksh MF, Connelly S, Droese B, Klaus JP, Makino S, Sawicki SG, Siddell SG, Stamou DG, Wilson IA, Kuhn P, Buchmeier MJ|first=11–22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xipikiri xin’wana ni xin’wana xi kwalomu ka 20&amp;nbsp;nm yo leha naswona yi vumbiwa hi trimer ya S tiphrotheyini. Phurotheyini ya S hi hala tlhelo yi vumbiwa hi xiphemu lexitsongo xa S1 na S2 . Xivumbeko xa homotrimeric xa S protein i class I fusion protein leyi hlanganisaka ku bohiwa ka receptor na membrane fusion exikarhi ka xitsongwatsongwana na host cell. Subunit ya S1 yi vumba nhloko ya spike naswona yina receptor-binding domain (RBD). Subunit ya S2 yi endla nsinya lowu khomaka spike eka mvhilopho ya xitsongwatsongwana naswona eka protease activation swiendla leswaku kuva na fusion. Ti subunits timbirhi titshama tihlanganisiwile hi noncovalently loko tiri karhi ti paluxiwa eka vuandlalo bya xitsongwatsongwana kufikela loko ti namarhela eka host cell membrane. &lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Lalchhandama K|first=78–92}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eka xiyimo lexi tirhaka hi ndlela yo tirha, S1 tinharhu ti khomanisiwile na ti subunits timbirhi ta S2. Subunit complex yi avanyisiwile hi ti subunits ha yin’we loko xitsongwatsongwana xi boha no hlangana na host cell ehansi ka xiendlo xa ti proteases tofana na ndyangu wa cathepsin na transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) ya host cell. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=J Alsaadi EA, Jones IM|first=275–286}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti protein ta S1 hi tona swiphemu swa nkoka swinene eka ku tluleriwa. Nakambe i swiphemu leswi cinca-cincaka swinene tani hileswi swinga na vutihlamuleri eka host cell specificity. Ti na ti domain timbirhi letikulu leti thyiweke N-terminal domain (S1-NTD) na C-terminal domain (S1-CTD), leti havumbirhi bya tona ti tirhaka tani hi ti receptor-binding domains. Ti NTDs ti lemuka naku boha chukele ehenhla ka sele ya host. Lexi nga riki kona i MHV NTD leyi bohaka eka molekhuli ya ku namarhela ka sele leyi fambelanaka na antijeni ya tiphrotheyini ya carcinoembryonic 1 (CEACAM1). S1-CTDs yina vutihlamuleri byo lemuka ti protein receptors tohambana hambana tofana na angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), aminopeptidase N (APN), na dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). &lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Lalchhandama K|first=78–92}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntlawa lowutsongo wa ti xitsongatsongwana xa khorona (ngopfu-ngopfu swirho swa ntlawa lowutsongo wa betaxitsongatsongwana xa khorona A ) na wona wu na phrotheyini yo koma ya le henhla leyi fanaka na spike leyi vuriwaka hemagglutinin esterase (HE). &lt;ref name=&quot;groot&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|volume=de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric R, Enjuanes L, Gorbalenya AE, Holmes KV, Perlman S, Poon L, Rottier PJ, Talbot PJ, Woo PC, Ziebuhr J|first1=806–28|author1=Susan Baker (virologist)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti protein ta HE ti humelela tani hi ti homodimers leti vumbiweke hi kwalomu ka 400 wa masalela ya amino acid naswona tina 40 kuya eka 50&amp;nbsp;kDa hi vukulu. Ti vonaka tani hi swiphemu leswintsongo swa le henhla swa 5 kuya eka 7&amp;nbsp;nm yo leha yi nghenisiwile exikarhi ka swipikiri. Ti pfuneta eka ku namarhela na ku hambana na sele leyi amukelaka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Zeng Q, Langereis MA, van Vliet AL, Huizinga EG, de Groot RJ|first=9065–9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Endzeni ka mvhilopho, ku na nucleocapsid, leyi vumbiwaka kusuka eka tikopi to tala ta protein ya nucleocapsid (N), leti bohiweke eka genome ya positive-sense single-stranded RNA eka conformation ya muxaka wa vuhlalu -on-a-string leyi yaka emahlweni. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fehr_2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|volume=Fehr AR, Perlman S|first1=1–23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Chang CK, Hou MH, Chang CF, Hsiao CD, Huang TH|first=39–50}}&lt;/ref&gt; N protein i phosphoprotein ya 43 kuya eka 50&amp;nbsp;kDa hi vukulu, naswona yi avanyisiwile hi tidomeni tinharhu leti hlayisiweke. Vunyingi bya tiphrotheyini byi vumbiwa hi ti- domain 1 na 2, leti hi ntolovelo ti fuweke hi ti- arginine ni ti- lysine . Domain 3 yina makumu yo koma ya carboxy terminal naswona yina net negative charge hikokwalaho ka ku tlula mpimo ka acidic eka masalela ya basic amino acid. &lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Masters PS|first=193–292}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Genome ya xitekela ===
[[File:SARS_Coronavirus_Genome_Organization.png|thumb| SARS-CoV genome na tiphrotheyi]]
Ti xitsongatsongwana xa khorona ti na positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. Vukulu bya genome ya ti xitsongatsongwana xa khorona byi sukela eka 26.4 ku ya eka 31.7 kilobases . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY|first=1804–20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vukulu bya genome i byin’wana bya lebyikulu eka switsongwatsongwana swa RNA. Genome yina 5′ methylated cap na 3′ polyadenylated ncila . &lt;ref name=&quot;Fehr_2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|volume=Fehr AR, Perlman S|first1=1–23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nhlangano wa genome ya xitsongwatsongwana xa corona i 5′-murhangeri-UTR -replicase (ORF1ab)-spike (S)-mvhilopho (E)-membrane (M)-nucleocapsid (N)- 3′UTR -poly (A) ncila. Tifureme to hlaya leti pfulekeke 1a na 1b, leti tekaka swiphemu swimbirhi eka nharhu swosungula swa genome, ti khoda replicase polyprotein (pp1ab). Polyprotein ya replicase yi tihambanisa ku endla 16 wa ti protein leti nga riki ta xivumbeko (nsp1–nsp16). &lt;ref name=&quot;Fehr_2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|volume=Fehr AR, Perlman S|first1=1–23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tifureme to hlaya ta le ndzhaku ti khoda tiphrotheyini ta mune letikulu ta xivumbeko: spike, envelope, membrane, na nucleocapsid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Snijder EJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Dobbe JC, Thiel V, Ziebuhr J, Poon LL, Guan Y, Rozanov M, Spaan WJ, Gorbalenya AE|first=991–1004}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku hlanganisiwa exikarhi ka tifureme leti to hlaya ku na tifureme to hlaya ta tiphrotheyini leti pfunetaka. Nhlayo ya ti accessory proteins na ntirho wa tona swihlawulekile kuya hi xitsongatsongwana xa khorona yokarhi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fehr_2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|volume=Fehr AR, Perlman S|first1=1–23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ku nghena ka sele ====
Ku tluleriwa ku sungula loko protein ya viral spike yi namarhela eka complementary host cell receptor ya yona. Endzhaku ka ku namarhela, protease ya sele ya muhaxi ya hambanisiwa naswona yi endla leswaku protein ya spike leyi khomaneke na receptor yi tirha. Kuya hi protease ya sele ya muhaxi leyi kumekaka, ku hambanisiwa na ku tirhisiwa swi pfumelela xitsongwatsongwana ku nghena eka sele ya muhaxi hi endocytosis kumbe ku hlanganisiwa hi ku kongoma ka mvhilopho ya xitsongwatsongwana na membrane ya muhaxi . &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Simmons G, Zmora P, Gierer S, Heurich A, Pöhlmann S|first=605–14}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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      <text bytes="2095" sha1="iolcirvndmvvfnlcm555yrrf7i6f8zi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox President|name=Lawrence Mushwana|image=|caption=|office=Chairperson of [[South African Human Rights Commission]]|deputy=|appointer=|predecessor=Jody Kollapen|successor=|office1=2nd [[Public Protector]] of South Africa|deputy1=Mamiki Shai|predecessor1=[[Selby Baqwa]]|successor1=[[Thuli Madonsela]]|birthname=Mabedle Lawrence Mushwana|party=[[African National Congress|ANC]]|spouse=|children=|alma_mater=[[University of Zululand]]|religion=|occupation=[[Ombudsman]]|profession=Lawyer|relations=[[Gezane Mushwana]] (brother)}}

'''Adv Lawrence Mabendle Mushwana''' (loyi a velekiweke hi siku ra 3 Dzivamisoko 1948) a ri Musirheleri wa Vaaki wa Afrika-Dzonga. Mushwana i tswariwe ehansi ka Masipala wa Tzaneen. Hi yena a nga va musirheleli ku nga si fika  Thuli Madonsela.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/sas-public-protectors-the-legacies-part-two/&lt;/ref&gt;  Mushwana u thoriwile hi President Thabo Mbeki kusukela hi Khotavuxika 2002 kufikela hi Khotavuxika 2009.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/office-public-protector-1995&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mushwana i muyimeri wa nawu hi ntirho loyi a nga na digiri ya Bachelor of Laws kusuka eYunivhesiti ya Zululand.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Who's Who&quot;. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;  Kusukela hi 1972 kuya eka 1975 u tirhile tanihi mutoloki eka Khoto ya Majistarata ya Bushbuckridge. Kusukela hi 1992 kuya fika hi 2003 u tirhile tanihi gqweta eka Mushwana Attorneys.

Mushwana i xirho xa African National Congress, u tirhile eka Vulawuri bya Xifundzakulu xa Limpopo kusukela hi 1994 kufikela hi 2002, na le ka Vulawuri bya Rixaka ku sukela hi 1999 ku fikela hi 2002. Ku sukela hi 1999 kuya eka 2002 u tlhele a va Xandla xa Mutshamaxitulu wa Huvo ya Rixaka ya Swifundzankulu.&lt;ref&gt;https://mg.co.za/article/2009-10-22-mushwana-to-chair-human-rights-commission/&lt;/ref&gt; U thoriwile tanihi Musirheleri wa Vaaki wa Afrika-Dzonga hi 2002 naswona eku heleni ka nkarhi wa yena hi 2009 u sukile ku ya va mutshamaxitulu wa Khomixini ya Timfanelo ta Ximunhu ya Afrika Dzonga. 

== Swihlovo ==
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'''Ntonga''' i muxaka wa nyama leyi omisiweke, leyi horisiweke leyi sunguleke ematikweni ya le Dzongeni wa Afrika ( [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Malawi]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[ESwatini|Eswatini]], na [[Zambiya|Zambia]] ). Tinyama to hambanahambana ti nga tirhisiwa ku endla ntonga, kusuka eka nyama ya homu, ya mbiti, ya nyimpfu, na tinyama tin'wana. Ya huku a yi endli ntonga. Kambe ngopfu nyama ya swiharhi. Ku tsemiwa ku nga tlhela ku hambana ku va ku nga va ti fillets ta nyama leti tsemiweke ku va swiphemuphemu leswi landzelaka mavele ya misiha, kumbe swiphemu swa flat leswi tsemiweke ku tsemakanya mavele. Swi fambelana na beef jerky ; havumbirhi bya swona i nyama leyi nga ni swinun’hweriso, leyi omisiweke; hambiswiritano switirhisiwa leswi tolovelekeke, nantswo, na maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi swi nga hambana.

Rito &quot;&quot; ri huma eka rito ra [[Xibhunu|Xiafrika]] {{Lang|nl|bil}}&lt;/link&gt; (&quot;xitlepu&quot;) na ''{{Lang|nl|tong}}''&lt;/link&gt; (&quot;xiphemu&quot; kumbe &quot;ririmi&quot;). 

== Masungulo ==
Ku hlayisiwa ka nyama tani hindlela yo hanya swisungule eka minkarhi ya khale.

Nyama yi nga hlayisiwa hi ku yi horisa eka munyu, brine, kumbe vinegar xikan’we na saltpetre (potassium nitrate). Potassium nitrate yi dlaya ''Clostridium botulinum'', xitsongwatsongwana lexi dlayaka lexi vangaka botulism, kasi acidi ya vhiniga yi sivela ku kula ka yona. Hikuya hi World Health Organization, ''C. botulinum'' ayi nge kuli eka swiyimo swa acid (pH yale hansi ka 4.6); hikwalaho chefu a yi nge vumbiwi eka swakudya leswi nga ni asidi. 

Swilo leswi dlayaka switsongwatsongwana swa swinun’hweriso swo karhi na swona swi tekiwile ku sukela khale. Swinun'hweriso leswi nghenisiweke eka  hi Madachi swi katsa phepha, coriander na cloves . 

Hi January 2017, ntlawa wa vulavisisi eUniversity of Beira Interior e Portugal wu kandziyise ndzavisiso mayelana na swivumbeko swa antimicrobial swa mafurha ya coriander &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid25831119&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=35–47}}&lt;/ref&gt; (coriander kuva yin’wana ya swipayisisi leswikulu eka ti recipe ta xisekelo swinene ta ) eka 12 wa tinxaka ta tibakitheriya, na va kumile leswaku 10 wa tinxaka ta 12 ta tibakteriya ti dlayiwile hi nhlayo yo olova ya mafurha ya coriander (1.6%). Eka tinxaka timbirhi leti nga dlayiwangiki kahle, ''Bacillus cereus'' na ''Enterococcus faecalis'', mafurha ya coriander ya hungute ku kula ka wona swinene. 

Xilaveko xa ku hlayisa swakudya eDzongeni wa Afrika a xi ri xa xihatla. Mabokisi ya ayisi ni tifiriji a swi nga si tumbuluxiwa naswona ku aka mitlhambi ya swifuwo swi teke nkarhi wo leha. Hambiswiritano, leswi swiharhi a swi tele eDzongeni wa Afrika, ku laviwe tindlela ta ndhavuko leswaku ku hlayisiwa nyama ya swiharhi leswikulu swa le Afrika ku katsa ni eland .

Nyama leyi a yi lulamisiwa hi vhiniga na swipayisisi kutani yi hayekiwa leswaku yi ta omisiwa emoyeni kuringana mavhiki mambirhi hi xixika, laha mahiselo yo titimela ya ya ka emahlweni ya sivela ku kula ka tibakitheriya na fungal. Loko se yi omisiwa kahle, ntonga a wu lulamerile ku pakiwa eka swikhwama swa malapi leswi pfumelelaka ku famba famba ka moya ku va swipfuneta ku sivela mould. &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Kulaveka vumbhoni|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)&quot;&gt;ku tshahiwa ka laveka&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Swikatsiwa ==
Swilo leswi tolovelekeke ngopfu swa ntonga hi leswi:  

Swilo swa manguva lawa leswi mikarhi yin’wana swi cheriwaka swi katsa vhiniga ya balsamic kumbe vhiniga ya malt, chukela, tiphepha ta chilli leti omisiweke leti gayeriweke, nutmeg, paprika, [[Lamula|juzi ya lamula]], garlic, bicarbonate of soda, .{{Kulaveka vumbhoni|date=December 2022}}&lt;/link&gt; Sauce ya Worcestershire,  phoyizeni ya anyanisi, na saltpetre .

== Nyama ==
Loko ku nga si sunguriwa ku va na xigwitsirisi, endlelo ro horisa ari tirhisiwa ku hlayisa tinxaka hinkwato ta nyama e Dzongeni wa Afrika, kambe  yitala ku endliwa namuntlha kusuka eka nyama ya homu, ngopfu ngopfu hikokwalaho ka ku kumeka ka yona hi xitalo xikan’we na ntsengo wale hansi loko ku pimanyisiwa na swiharhi. Eka swiphemu leswi tsemiweke kahle, ku tirhisiwa fillet, sirloin, kumbe ti steaks leti tsemiweke kusuka exifuveni, tofana na topside kumbe silverside ,. Ti cuts tin’wana tinga tirhisiwa, kambe ati le henhla kufana na khwalithi.

Ntonga wu nga tlhela wu endliwa kusuka eka:

* Huku, leyi vuriwaka ntsena  ya huku
* Tinhlampfi eka xiyimo lexi, leti tivekaka tani hi ''bokkoms'' ( Nkavangaheti  tinga kumeka na le Afrika Dzonga).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=63–64}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Ti bokkoms'' ati fanelanga ku pfilunganyeka na tihlampfi tin'wana leti horisiweke tofana na angelfish leyi omisiweke na snoek leyi omisiweke .
* Swiharhi swo fana na kudu, springbok, na wildebeest
* Nyama ya nca (yo tshwuka yo vangama, hakanyingi yi fana ni swiharhi) .
* Nyama ya venison (yi tirhisiwa e Europe leyi fanaka na game) 

== Malulamiselo ==
Hi ndhavuko, ntonga a wu endliwa ntsena hi nkarhi wa xirhami xa xixika loko khombo ra kukula ka ti bacteria na mold arita va ritsongo. Ti recipe tin’wana tilava leswaku nyama yi marinated eka vinegar solution (grape vinegar i ya ndhavuko kambe balsamic na cider na swona switirha kahle swinene) kuringana tiawara nyana, kutani vinegar yi cheriwa loko nyama yinga se nantswisiwa hi munyu na swipayisisi. Nkatsakanyo wa swipayisisi wu fafazeriwa hi ku ntshunxeka ehenhla ka nyama ivi wu hlantswa endzeni. Saltpetre i ya ku hlawula naswona yinga cheriwa tani hi xihlayisi xo engetelela (swilaveka ntsena eka  leyi tsakamaka leyi nga ta ka yi nga titimeli). Kutani nyama yi fanele ku tshikiwa kuringana tiawara tin’wananyana (kumbe yi vekiwa efrijini vusiku hinkwabyo) naswona mati wahi na wahi lama ya nga hundza ya cheriwa loko nyama yi nga si hayekiwa eka dryer.

Maendlelo man'wana, lama a ma hundziseriwa kusuka eka xitukulwana ku ya eka xitukulwana, ti lava leswaku ntonga wu tshikiwa vusiku hinkwabyo eka vinegar, munyu, na xipayisisi (exikarhi ka 12 na 24 wa tiawara).  Hi ntolovelo nkatsakanyo wa swipayisisi wu ni munyu lowu ringanaka wa ribye, coriander leyi heleleke (leyi oxiweke katsongo), phepha ra ntima leri gayiweke hi ndlela yo ka yi nga ri kahle ni chukela ra buraweni.  Vinegar yi tirha tani hi xisivela xosungula xa ti bacteria ta ''Clostridium botulinum'', kuya hi World Health Organization,  kasi munyu, coriander, pepper, na cloves hinkwaswo swina switirhisiwa swo lwisana na switsongwatsongwana. 

== Ku omisa ==
[[File:BiltongUKOven.jpg|right|thumb|  hiku hatlisa ku oma hiku tirhisa oven ya gezi]]
Hi ndhavuko, ntonga a wu endliwa hi xixika xo titimela xa highveld ya Afrika-Dzonga ku va wu va na mbuyelo wa kahle swinene. Moya wo titimela, wo oma hi ntolovelo awu omisa ntonga hindlela leyinene swinene, naswona eka ndzhawu ya kahle swinene ya vuhlayiseki bya swakudya. Khombo ra mold na bacteria swile ka xiyimo xale hansi xa ntumbuluko, naswona swiphemu swo tiya swa  swinga hayekiwa leswaku swita oma hiku nonoka leswaku kutava na xivumbeko lexi fuweke, nantswo lowu heleleke, na muhlovo wa ntima. Ku hisa ku nghenisiwile ntsena eka endlelo eka malembe lawa yanga hundza, naswona vaendli va  va ndhavuko vahlayisa leswaku kuhisa swiendla mbuyelo wale hansi wa makumu. Hikokwalaho ka khombo leri engetelekeke ra kukula ka ti bacteria na fungi, ndlela yo hisiwa, kufana na leyi tirhisiwaka eka mabokisi ya  ya khadibodo kumbe ya mapulanga (ya le madorobeni) kumbe makamara yo oma lawa ya lawuriwaka hi maxelo (ya mabindzu), ayi tirhisiwi handle ko cheriwa ti nitrates kumbe ti nitrites (munyu wo horisa ). Ku ya hi swipayisisi leswi tirhisiwaka, kunga endliwa nantswo wo hambanahambana.  yinga tlhela yi endliwa eka maxelo yo titimela hiku tirhisa rivoni ra gezi ku omisa nyama, kambe vukheta byifanele ku tekiwa leswaku ku nga ngheniwa moya, tani hileswi mould yi nga sungulaka ku va kona eka nyama.

Ndhavuko wa omisa hi katsongotsongo wu ta tisa murhi wa le xikarhi endzhaku ka kwalomu ka mune wa masiku. Oven leyi pfuniwaka hi fa na ya gezi yi vekiwile eka {{Convert|40-70|C}}, loko nyangwa wu pfulekile hi xiphemu leswaku wu humesa moya lowu tsakamaka, wu nga omisa nyama hi kwalomu ka tiawara ta mune.  Hambileswi leyi omisiweke eovheni yi lulameleke ku dyiwa endzhaku ka siku kumbe mambirhi endzhaku ka loko yi lunghiseriwile, vaendli va  va ndhavuko va ha teka nyama leyi omisiweke hi ku nonoka yi hlayisekile naswona yi ri ya xiyimo xa le henhla.

== Ku pimanisiwa na jerky ==
[[File:Beef_jerky.jpg|right|thumb| Xigwitsirisi xa nyama ya homu]]
Ntonga wu hambana na jerky hi tindlela ta mune to hambana:

* Nyama leyi tirhisiwaka eka  yitala kuva yitele swinene hikokwalaho ka nkarhi wo hatlisa wo oma eka swiyimo swa moya wo oma; hi ntolovelo, nyama ya  yi tsemiwa hi swiphemuphemu kwalomu ka {{Convert|25|mm}} hi ku anama, kambe yi nga va yi enta. Jerky hi ntolovelo i nyama yo olova swinene.
* Vhiniga, munyu ni swinun’hweriso leswi nga eka , swin’we ni endlelo ro omisa nyama, swi horisa nyama swin’we ni ku engetela xivumbeko ni nantswo. Jerky hi ndzhavuko yi omisiwa hi munyu, kambe kungari na vinegar.
* Jerky yi tala ku tswongiwa; ntonga a wu tali ku tswongiwa. 
* Ntonga wa ntolovelo a wu na swiengeteri swa chukele, kasi jerky nkarhi wo tala yina. 

== Vhengele ==
Nakambe, vaxavisi van’wana vo hlawuleka va xavisa . Mavhengele lawa yanga xavisa  tani hi &quot;wet&quot; (tsakamanyana), &quot;tsakama ku ringanela&quot;, kumbe &quot;oma&quot;. Ku engetela kwalaho, vaxavi van’wana va yi tsakela yi ri ni mafurha yo tala, kasi van’wana va yi tsakela yi nga ri na mafurha hilaha swi nga kotekaka hakona.

== Ku dya ==
Hambileswi ntonga hi ntolovelo wu dyiwaka tanihi swakudya swo olova, wu nga ha tlhela wu tsemiwa wu va swirhumbana, kutani wu cheriwa eka ti- muffin kumbe xinkwa xa le poto . Ti crisps ta matamatisi leti nandzihaka wa ntonga na tona ti endliwile,  naswona ti cheese spreads tin’wana   tina nantswo wa .  leyi tsemiweke kahle yi dyiwa eka swilayi swa xinkwa na le ka ti sandwich.  

Ntonga wu nga tirhisiwa tani hi xitirhisiwa xo humesa meno eka tincece. 

Ntonga i swakudya leswi nga ni tiphurotheni to tala. Hakanyingi, 200 g ya nyama ya homu ya laveka ku endla 100 g ya biltong, naswona endlelo ro endla biltong ri hlayisa vunyingi bya ti protein. Ti biltong tin’wana tingava na kufika eka 67% wa ti protein.

== Emisaveni hinkwayo ==
Ku duma ka ntonga ku hangalakile eka matiko man’wana yo tala lama ya nga na vaaki vo tala va Afrika Dzonga - [[Khanada|Canada]], United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, United States, na India. Biltong yitlhela yi humelerisiwa endzeni ka miganga ya vahlampfa va Afrika-Dzonga emisaveni hinkwayo, xikombiso eGermany, Ireland, hambi ku ri eKorea-Dzonga.  
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Ximoko Vandla</title>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[Vandla ra Ximoko]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="30" sha1="gd6wej2uphmqayxd7as5bslmq9tnr17" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Vandla ra Ximoko]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vandla ra Ximoko</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-05-09T18:38:33Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1180822773|Ximoko Party]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Vandla ra Ximoko''' i vandla leritsongo ra tipolitiki [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika-Dzonga]] . A ri na vuyimeri eka Huvo ya Rixaka kumbe eka tihuvo to endla milawu ta swifundzakulu, kambe sweswi ri na 3 wa vakhanselara eka xiyimo xa masipala exifundzenikulu xa [[Limpopo]] kusukela hi 2019.

== Matimu ==
Xi vumbiwile tanihi nhlangano wa ndhavuko hi 1984 hi Hudson Ntsan'wisi, hi nkarhi wolowo Holobye wa [[Mfumo wa Gazankulu|Gazankulu]] bantustan, Ximoko u hundzukile vandla ra tipolotiki hi 1990, ra ha ri ehansi ka vurhangeri bya Ntsan'wisi.

Endzhaku ka rifu ra yena hi 1993, swirho swin’wana swa vandla leri swi endle ntwanano na vandla ra African National Congress (ANC), kasi van’wana va yile emahlweni tanihi Ximoko Democratic Party, naswona va phikizanile eka nhlawulo wa 1994, va ha tsarisile tani hi Ximoko Progressive Party. Vandla leri a ri kumangi switulu.

Hi lembe ra 1996, vandla ri cincile tanihi Vandla ra Ximoko kutani ri phikizana eka nhlawulo wa 1999 eka Xifundza xa N’walungu (sweswi ku nga Limpopo) ntsena, nakambe ri nga hluli switulu. Ku sukela kwalaho yi phikizane ntsena eLimpopo, yi tsandzeka ku hlula switulu swihi na swihi nkarhi wun’wana na wun’wana.

Vandla leri ri tlhele ri phikizana hi swivandla swo hlaya swa mfumo wa miganga.  

== Mbuyelo wa nhlawulo ==

=== Nhlawulo wa rixaka ===
{{election table}}
|- style=&quot;background:#ccc;&quot;
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
| [[South African general election, 1994|1994]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 6,320
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 0.03
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 0
|}

=== Nhlawulo wa swifundzakulu ===
{{election table}}
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#cccccc&quot;
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Election
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Limpopo]]
|-
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#cccccc&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''%'''
|'''Seats'''
|-
|[[South African general election, 1994|1994]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://electionresources.org/za/provinces.php?election=1994&amp;province=NP|title = Election Resources on the Internet: Republic of South Africa General Election Results Lookup}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0.10%
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0/49
|-
|[[South African general election, 1999|1999]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://electionresources.org/za/provinces.php?election=1999&amp;province=NP|title = Election Resources on the Internet: Republic of South Africa General Election Results Lookup}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0.80%
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0/49
|-
|[[South African general election, 2004|2004]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://electionresources.org/za/provinces.php?election=2004&amp;province=NP|title = Election Resources on the Internet: Republic of South Africa General Election Results Lookup}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0.59%
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0/49
|-
|[[South African general election, 2009|2009]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://electionresources.org/za/provinces.php?election=2009&amp;province=NP|title = Election Resources on the Internet: Republic of South Africa General Election Results Lookup}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0.23%
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0/49
|-
|[[South African general election, 2014|2014]]&lt;ref name=&quot;dash&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.elections.org.za/NPEDashboard/app/dashboard.html |title=Results Dashboard| website=www.elections.org.za |access-date=2019-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0.21%
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0/49
|-
|[[South African general election, 2019|2019]]&lt;ref name=&quot;dash&quot; /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0.08%
| align=&quot;right&quot;|0/49
|-
|}

=== Nhlawulo wa masipala ===
{{election table}}
|-
! Election
! Votes
! %
|-
! [[South African municipal election, 2016|2016]]&lt;ref name=&quot;iec_summary&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.org.za/content/LGEPublicReports/402/Detailed%20Results/National.pdf | title=Results Summary - All Ballots | publisher=elections.org.za | access-date=11 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 7,556
| 0.02%
|-
! [[2021 South African municipal elections|2021]]&lt;ref name=&quot;iec_summary_2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://results.elections.org.za/home/LGEPublicReports/1091/Detailed%20Results/National.pdf | title=2021 Results Summary - All Ballots | publisher=elections.org.za | access-date=12 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 4,835
| 0.02%
|-
|}{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Penny penny</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-05-10T06:52:49Z</timestamp>
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        <id>10557</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Penny Penny i Erick Giyani Nkovani loyi a nga muyimbeleri wa vunanga bya Xitsonga bya Disco na xigaza. U tivekile ngopfu hi reality show ya '''[https://www.dstv.com/mzansimagic/en-za/show/papa-penny-ahee &quot;Papa Penny Ahee&quot;]''' leyi a yi tlangiwa hi va Mzansi Magic&lt;ref&gt;Mzansi Magic Official Website (dstv.com)&lt;/ref&gt;.&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="315" sha1="q8t9b788jdvufygkyk7onu4srktksod" xml:space="preserve">Penny Penny i Erick Giyani Nkovani loyi a nga muyimbeleri wa vunanga bya Xitsonga bya Disco na xigaza. U tivekile ngopfu hi reality show ya '''[https://www.dstv.com/mzansimagic/en-za/show/papa-penny-ahee &quot;Papa Penny Ahee&quot;]''' leyi a yi tlangiwa hi va Mzansi Magic&lt;ref&gt;Mzansi Magic Official Website (dstv.com)&lt;/ref&gt;.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Matshwa bemuda</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Freddy Masingi loyi eka vuyimbeleri a tivekaka tanihi '''Matshwa Bemuda''' u velekiwile hi lembe ra 1973. Eka vunanga u vile na tialibamu ta 24 eka khume wa malembe. Hi lembe ra 1997 u kandziyisile alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya chom na chom no1. &lt;ref&gt;Matshwa Bemuda: Nhenha ya vuyimbeleri bya Xitsonga – 24 albums in 10 years – VIV Lifestyle Magazine (vivmag.co.za)&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="375" sha1="g3rgbq1fapbfrk6fiyft69zed26yfda" xml:space="preserve">Freddy Masingi loyi eka vuyimbeleri a tivekaka tanihi '''Matshwa Bemuda''' u velekiwile hi lembe ra 1973. Eka vunanga u vile na tialibamu ta 24 eka khume wa malembe. Hi lembe ra 1997 u kandziyisile alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya chom na chom no1. &lt;ref&gt;Matshwa Bemuda: Nhenha ya vuyimbeleri bya Xitsonga – 24 albums in 10 years – VIV Lifestyle Magazine (vivmag.co.za)&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mushwana Clan Name</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Xivongo xa ka Mushwana''' i xivongo lexi nga tala eka Masipala wa Tzaneen eLimpopo. Hambiswiritano, xivongo lexi xa kumeka na le ka tindhawu tin'wana to fana na Bugersford, Phalaborwa, na Mpumalanga. Hambileswi vavulavuri vo tala va ririmi leri va nga Vatsonga, ku tlhela ku va na vavulavuri lava kumekaka va vulavula tindzimi tin'wana.  Switiko swa Mushwana swi katsa leti landzelaka:  Makhawukana, Sidida, Mbhombhoch, Mpfumari, Dlamana, N’wahulela, Ndumenjana, Mahehen...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="639" sha1="e7wvvt1k1ha2j7vphnd11scr3op0ufj" xml:space="preserve">'''Xivongo xa ka Mushwana''' i xivongo lexi nga tala eka Masipala wa Tzaneen eLimpopo. Hambiswiritano, xivongo lexi xa kumeka na le ka tindhawu tin'wana to fana na Bugersford, Phalaborwa, na Mpumalanga. Hambileswi vavulavuri vo tala va ririmi leri va nga Vatsonga, ku tlhela ku va na vavulavuri lava kumekaka va vulavula tindzimi tin'wana. 
Switiko swa Mushwana swi katsa leti landzelaka: 
Makhawukana, Sidida, Mbhombhoch, Mpfumari, Dlamana, N’wahulela, Ndumenjana, Mahehenyana &lt;ref&gt;Family Tree (mushwanawelfare.co.za)&lt;/ref&gt;.  

Loko va tiphata va ri Rinono, Nyarhi, Shavani ni vukosi &lt;ref&gt;Moshwana, Mushwana Clan – izithakazelo&lt;/ref&gt;.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Swithopo swa xitsonga</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-05-10T08:44:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xikhipa</username>
        <id>10557</id>
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      <text bytes="743" sha1="px7xvzu76vv813hoy1l0ns7em7wupka" xml:space="preserve">'''Swithopo swa Vatsonga''' ku kongomisiwa eka xiharhi kumbe nchumu un'wana na un'wana wa ntumbuluko lowu yimelaka xivongo xo karhi Mathevula (2019)[https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11602/1483/Dissertation%20-%20Mathevula%2C%20d.-.pdf?sequence=1]. Swin'wana swa Swivongo swa Vatsonga swi na swithopo leswi landzelaka:

Baloyi - Mfenhe

Chauke - Humba

Xivambu - Khutla

Maxava - Ngwenya

Maluleke - Ndlopfu/Mbangi

Hlungwani - Ndzilo

Manganyi - Rigoda

Mbhetse - Koti

Bila - Nghala

Rikhotso - Mfutsu

Maxele - Dyambu

Makhuvele - Mhunti

Ndlhovhu - Ndlopfu

Mavundza - Hongonyi

Mongwe - Mangwa

Munisi - Mpfula

Nkuna - Homu

Ngoveni - Mati

Chavalala - Nhlampfi&lt;ref&gt;Dissertation - Mathevula, d.-.pdf (univen.ac.za)&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xivongo xa ka Cawuke</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-05-10T09:05:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>10557</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Xiphato''' xa xivongo xa ka [https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11602/1483/Dissertation%20-%20Mathevula%2C%20d.-.pdf?sequence=1 Cawuke]   Masenyani  Wa Risenga  Wa Muxiyi  Wa Macema  Wa Xikovela   Wa Xigombe  Wa Matsema  Wa Bangwani  Wa Xinyori xa humba  Wa Chavani mi chava yini?  Hi chava mahika ma ximun'wana xa tolo  Wa xisaka xa mimpfi&lt;ref&gt;Dissertation - Mathevula, d.-.pdf (univen.ac.za)&lt;/ref&gt; File:Snail.jpg|thumb|Humba (Xithopo xa ka Cawuke)&lt;ref&gt;...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="500" sha1="6tqqjbqprf9hw6g10givxwizy3wency" xml:space="preserve">'''Xiphato''' xa xivongo xa ka [https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11602/1483/Dissertation%20-%20Mathevula%2C%20d.-.pdf?sequence=1 Cawuke] 

Masenyani

Wa Risenga

Wa Muxiyi

Wa Macema

Wa Xikovela 

Wa Xigombe

Wa Matsema

Wa Bangwani

Wa Xinyori xa humba

Wa Chavani mi chava yini?

Hi chava mahika ma ximun'wana xa tolo

Wa xisaka xa mimpfi&lt;ref&gt;Dissertation - Mathevula, d.-.pdf (univen.ac.za)&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Snail.jpg|thumb|Humba (Xithopo xa ka Cawuke)&lt;ref&gt;Snail - Wikipedia&lt;/ref&gt;]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tinhweti</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Tinhweti hi Xitsonga'''  January - Sunguti  February - Nyenyenyani  March - Nyenyakulu  April - Dzivamusoko  May - Mudyaxihi  June - Khotavuxika  July - Mawuwani   August - Mhawuri  September - Ndzhati  October - Hlangula  November - Hukuri  December - N'wendzamhala&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="269" sha1="926cglprrn4t4jyrsk2q6rbzo6cu5wp" xml:space="preserve">'''Tinhweti hi Xitsonga'''

January - Sunguti

February - Nyenyenyani

March - Nyenyakulu

April - Dzivamusoko

May - Mudyaxihi

June - Khotavuxika

July - Mawuwani 

August - Mhawuri

September - Ndzhati

October - Hlangula

November - Hukuri

December - N'wendzamhala</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tinomboro</title>
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      <id>38121</id>
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      <timestamp>2024-05-10T10:21:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="1015" sha1="6rp1d8oi71q586g1z0msf32vxqifhsh" xml:space="preserve">'''Tinomboro hi Xitsonga'''

1 - N'we

2 - Mbirhi

3 - Nharhu 

4 - Mune 

5 - Ntlhanu 

6 - Tsevu 

7 - Kombo 

8 - Nhungu 

9 - Kaye 

10 - Khume

11 - Khumen'we

12 - Khumembirhi

13 - Khumenharhu

14 - Khumemune

15 - Khumentlhanu

16 - Khumetsevu

17 - Khumekombo

18 - Khumenhungu 

19 - Khumekaye

20 - Makumembirhi

21 -  Makumembirhin'we

22 - Makumembirhimbirhi

23 - Makumembirhinharhu

24 - Makumembirhimune

25 - Makumembirhintlhanu

26 - Makumembirhitsevu

27 - Makumembirhikombo

28 - Makumembirhinhungu

29 - Makumembirhikaye

30 - Makumenharhu

31 - Makumenharhun'we

32 - Makumenharhumbirhi

33 - Makumenharhunharhu

34 - Makumenharhumune

35 - Makumenharhuntlhanu

36 - Makumenharhutsevu

37 - Makumenharhukombo

38 - Makumenharhunhungu

39 - Makumenharhukaye

40 - Makumemune

41 - Makumemunen'we

42 - Makumemunembirhi

43 - Makumemunenharhu

44 - Makumemunemune

45 - Makumemunentlhanu

46 - Makumemunetsevu

47 - Makumemunekombo

48 - Makumemunenhungu

49 - Makumemunekaye

50 - Makumentlhanu</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tin'hweti ta Xitsonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7084</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38122</id>
      <timestamp>2024-05-10T10:22:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>UnaMush</username>
        <id>10556</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Tin'hweti ta Xitsonga''' na mikomiso ya kona hi leti nga laha hansi:  Sunguti (Sng)- January  Nyenyanyana (Nyy) - February  Nyenyakulu (Nyk) - March  Dzivamisoko (Dzv) - April  Mudyaxihi (Mdy) - May  Khotavuxika (Kht) - June  Mawuwana (Mww) - July  Mhawuri (Mhw) - August  Ndzati (Ndz) - September   Nhlangula (Nhl) - October  Hukuri (Hkr) - November  N'wendzamhala (N'wn) - December   Mavito na matsalelo yo hambana na lama ya hoxekile (xk: *Nyenyenyana,  &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowi...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>38122</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="512" sha1="p4b7hj17crhhwatorn463yqyx5eiks0" xml:space="preserve">'''Tin'hweti ta Xitsonga''' na mikomiso ya kona hi leti nga laha hansi:

Sunguti (Sng)- January

Nyenyanyana (Nyy) - February

Nyenyakulu (Nyk) - March

Dzivamisoko (Dzv) - April

Mudyaxihi (Mdy) - May

Khotavuxika (Kht) - June

Mawuwana (Mww) - July

Mhawuri (Mhw) - August

Ndzati (Ndz) - September 

Nhlangula (Nhl) - October

Hukuri (Hkr) - November

N'wendzamhala (N'wn) - December


Mavito na matsalelo yo hambana na lama ya hoxekile (xk: *Nyenyenyana,

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Dzivamusoko, *Ndzhati, *Mawuwani).</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ravi K. Yadav</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7091</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38144</id>
      <timestamp>2024-06-02T08:27:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Harsha Shtrri</username>
        <id>10627</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Ravi K. Yadav''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 25 ta Hukuri 1994) i muendli wa tifilimi wa le India loyi a tivekaka hi ntirho wa yena eka cinema ya ririmi ra Xihindi, Xipunjabi, Ximarathi, na Xigujarati.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bhaskar.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/news/ravi-yadav-ranji-trophy-hat-trick-coach-reaction-126618393.html&lt;/ref&gt;  == Vutomi byo sungula na dyondzo == Ravi K. Yadav u velekiwe hi April 25, 1994, eUttar Pradesh, le Indiya. U landzelerisile tidyondzo ta yena ta under...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>38144</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3675" sha1="npv8wt61io48xh5lk91cm7zs27odtcb" xml:space="preserve">'''Ravi K. Yadav''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 25 ta Hukuri 1994) i muendli wa tifilimi wa le India loyi a tivekaka hi ntirho wa yena eka cinema ya ririmi ra Xihindi, Xipunjabi, Ximarathi, na Xigujarati.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bhaskar.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/news/ravi-yadav-ranji-trophy-hat-trick-coach-reaction-126618393.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutomi byo sungula na dyondzo ==
Ravi K. Yadav u velekiwe hi April 25, 1994, eUttar Pradesh, le Indiya. U landzelerisile tidyondzo ta yena ta undergraduate naswona u thwasile hi digri ya Bachelor of Arts. Ravi u ni vamakwavo vanharhu: Ankit Yadav, Atul Yadav na Sapna Yadav. Vatswari va yena i Kashmiri Devi na Mukesh Yadav.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/boss-this-puppy-fat-you-have-na-bharat-arun-narrates-ravi-shastri-unheard-exchange-with-kuldeep-yadav-101709268908894.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntirho wa ntirho ==
Ravi K. Yadav u vile na vutshila eka bindzu ra tifilimi ku sukela hi 2010 naswona u tiyisile tanihi Mulawuri wa Vutshila wa Swifaniso (DOP).

=== Vutshila bya tifilimi ===
==== Tanihi Muendli wa Tifilimi ====
*'''''Jinne Jamme Saare Nikamme''''
*Vatlangi: Binnu Dhillon, Jaswinder Bhalla, Pukhraj Bhalla, Maninder Singh, Seema Kaushal
*Mufambisi: Kenny Chhabra
*Yi humesiwile hi: ZEE Studios, Harman Baweja Films

*'''''G' Filimi'''''.
*Ku tlanga: Abhimanyu Singh, Chirag Jani, Anveshi Jain
*Mulawuri: Mahendra Patel
*Yi humesiwile hi: Ashdeep Cine Production

*''''''Mufana wo rhumela''''''.
*Ku tlangiwa hi: Puneet Issar, Satyajeet Puri, Gufi Paintal, Siddhaant Issar, Ridhima Bedi
*Mulawuri: Siddhant Issar
*Yi humesiwe hi: Puneet Issar

*'''''Sanghaar: Ku dlayeteriwa ka vanhu''''''.

*'''''Ku luma ka Rirhandzu''''''. *Ku tlanga: Gaurav Panday, Charlie Chauhan
*Mufambisi: Siddart Sikha
*Yi humesiwile hi: Gaint Dreamworks

==== Nxaxamelo wa Webu ====
*'''''Ku Rhandza Da Dhaba'''''.
*Ku tlangiwa hi: Isha Koppikar, Sunny Gill, Baninder Bunny
*Mufambisi: Kenny Chhabra
*Yi humesiwile hi: Gemplex, Prakash Tiwari

* '''''Khushfehmiyaan'''''.
* Ku tlangiwa hi: Aman Tyagi, Maitrik Thakkar, Nashir Abdullah, Pratibha Tiwari
* Mulawuri: Vishal Patil
* Yi humesiwile hi: Gemplex, Prakash Tiwari

=== Tanihi DOP ya Yuniti ya Vumbirhi na Mufambisi wa Khamera ya vumbirhi ===
* '''''Noorani Chehra'''''.
*Yi kongomisiwe hi: Navaniat Singh
*Vatlangi va ntlangu: Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Nupur Sanon, Jassie Gill, Sonalli Sehgal

* '''''Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas'''''.
*Ku tlanga: Karan Deol, Sahher Bamba
*Mufambisi: Sunny Deol
*Yi humesiwile hi: ZEE Studios

* '''''Bhaiya Ji Hit ya xiyimo xa le henhla'''''.
* Vatlangi: Sunny Deol, Preity Zinta, Amisha Patel, Arshad Warsi, Shreyas Talpade, Pankaj Tripathi, va tlanga hi ku tlanga hi swona
* Mulawuri: Neeraj Pathak
* Yi humesiwe hi: Chirag Mahendra Dhariwal

*''''Disco 82'''''.
*Ku tlanga: Akshay Oberoi, Ashish Sharma
*Mufambisi: Karan Darra

=== Thelevhixini ===
*'''''Porus'''''.
*Vatlangi va ntlangu: Aditya Reddy, Lakshya Lalwani, Parneet Bhatt, Rati Pandey
*DOP: Kabir Lal, Ravi K. Yadav
*Xiyenge xa: Sony TV

*'''''Sanyukt'''''.
*Vatlangi va ntlangu: Kiran Kumar, Manindar Kumar, Harsh Vashishth
*Vafambisi: Amardeep Chhabra, Kenny Chhabra
*XITLHANYI: Ravi K. Yadav
*Xiyenge xa: ZEE TV

*'''''Dahleez'''''.
*Ku tlanga: Tridha Choudhury, Harshad Arora
*Mulawuri: Faheim Inamdar
*Yuniti ya vumbirhi DOP: Ravi K. Yadav
*Xiyenge xa: Star Plus

== Vutomi bya munhu hi xiyexe ==
Ravi K. Yadav u na ku navela lokukulu ka vuyimbeleri naswona u duvule tivhidiyo to tala ta vuyimbeleri tanihi Mulawuri wa Swifaniso. Vutivi bya yena byo tumbuluxa na vuswikoti bya xithekiniki eka ku vumba na ku tisa mimbuyelo ya kahle ya swivono swi kombisa ku tinyiketela ka yena eka cinema.

==Swikombo==</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wren</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38152</id>
      <timestamp>2024-06-16T05:32:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cfewj</username>
        <id>10656</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Rennes i doroba ra le Furwa leri nga ni ndhawu ya 50,4 wa swikwere-khilomitara&quot;</comment>
      <origin>38152</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="78" sha1="7oscuha4mbpwmckkfoxu15mn3w0ca6k" xml:space="preserve">Rennes i doroba ra le Furwa leri nga ni ndhawu ya 50,4 wa swikwere-khilomitara</text>
      <sha1>7oscuha4mbpwmckkfoxu15mn3w0ca6k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ostraliya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7093</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39285</id>
      <parentid>39269</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-04-09T09:18:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonweatlh_of_Australia.svg with [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Australia.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]]).</comment>
      <origin>39285</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="367" sha1="e5c51pun2n6w0no0uox69o8r23i78xh" xml:space="preserve">{{Tiko
|name               = Ostraliya
|mujeko             = Flag of Australia.svg
|coa                = Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg
|image              = [[File:Australia (orthographic projection).svg|150px]]
|Ntsindza           = [[Canberra]]
}}

'''Ostraliya''' ([[Xinghezi]]: ''Australia'') i tiko ra [[Oxiyeniya]].

[[Category:Ostraliya| ]]</text>
      <sha1>e5c51pun2n6w0no0uox69o8r23i78xh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Ostraliya</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>7094</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38157</id>
      <timestamp>2024-06-17T08:59:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>110.150.52.252</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot; [[Category:Tiko]] [[Category:Oxiyeniya]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>38157</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="h9aw5o1cstaqki2lntq7vvxvzsy21gu" xml:space="preserve">
[[Category:Tiko]]
[[Category:Oxiyeniya]]</text>
      <sha1>h9aw5o1cstaqki2lntq7vvxvzsy21gu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Oxiyeniya</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>7095</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38158</id>
      <timestamp>2024-06-17T09:00:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>110.150.52.252</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>38158</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" sha1="c8hyl0ju0o6f7hba8q0pcud7tzaq413" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Ntivo-misava]]</text>
      <sha1>c8hyl0ju0o6f7hba8q0pcud7tzaq413</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Masiko yo tlangela</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7103</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38180</id>
      <timestamp>2024-07-09T20:04:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>196.25.63.26</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>VUYIISILE NDHAVUKO EKA VANA , VATHWA NA HIKWENU KA MATSONGA NA HIKWENU</comment>
      <origin>38180</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="81" sha1="b5urnihy4el1xq9xgqybyeq2hwky9qq" xml:space="preserve">''[[MASIKO YO TLANGELA NDHAVUKO|MASIKO]] MA TLANGELA '' HINA NDHAVUKO WA MATSONGA</text>
      <sha1>b5urnihy4el1xq9xgqybyeq2hwky9qq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Polparty</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7104</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38182</id>
      <timestamp>2024-07-14T03:22:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2601:18E:C67E:71E0:57E:AD7F:A702:36A5</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch: {{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}     | AT | Austria | [[Austria]] = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}} 	| SPÖ = [[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]] 	| ÖVP = [[Austrian People's Party|ÖVP]]         | FPÖ = [[Freedom Party of Austria|FPÖ]]         | BZÖ = [[Alliance for the Future of Austria|BZÖ]] 	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }} 	    | Green | Greens | Grün | Grüne = [[The Greens – The Green Alternative|Green]]             | Independent | Ind | Neutr...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>38182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10300" sha1="9lgvh7gwjk88oqzwx2goek0bi8d49qk" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch: {{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}
    | AT | Austria | [[Austria]] = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}}
	| SPÖ = [[Social Democratic Party of Austria|SPÖ]]
	| ÖVP = [[Austrian People's Party|ÖVP]]
        | FPÖ = [[Freedom Party of Austria|FPÖ]]
        | BZÖ = [[Alliance for the Future of Austria|BZÖ]]
	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }}
	    | Green | Greens | Grün | Grüne = [[The Greens – The Green Alternative|Green]]
            | Independent | Ind | Neutral | Parteilos | [[Parteilos]] | [[parteilos]] = [[Independent politician|Ind.]]
	    | #default = {{{2}}} }}
      }}
    | AU | Australia | [[Australia]] = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}}
        | ALP = [[Australian Labor Party|ALP]]
        | CLP = [[Country Liberal Party|CLP]]
        | LP = [[Liberal Party of Australia|Lib.]]
	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }}
            | Democrats | Dem = [[Australian Democrats|Dem.]]
            | Greens | Green = [[Australian Greens|Greens]]
            | Labor | Lab = [[Australian Labor Party|ALP]]
            | Liberal | Lib = [[Liberal Party of Australia|Lib.]]
            | National | Nat = [[National Party of Australia|Nat.]]
            | Independent | Ind | Neutral = [[Independent politician|Ind.]]
	    | #default = {{{2}}} }}
     }}
    | CA | Canada | [[Canada]] = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}}
        | BQ = [[Bloc Québécois|BQ]]
        | CPC = [[Conservative Party of Canada|CPC]]
        | LPC = [[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]]
        | NDP = [[New Democratic Party|NDP]]
        | GPC = [[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
        | FPNP = [[First Peoples National Party of Canada|FPNP]]
        | CHP = [[Christian Heritage Party of Canada|CHP]]
        | WBP = [[Western Block Party|WBP]]
	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }}
            | Independent | Ind | Neutral = [[Independent politician|Ind.]]
	    | #default = {{{2}}} }}
     }}
    | CZ | Czechia | [[Czechia]] | [[Czech Republic]] | Czech Republic = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}}
        | ODS = [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|ODS]]
        | CSSD = [[Czech Social Democratic Party|ČSSD]]
        | KSCM = [[Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia|KSČM]]
        | KDU-CSL = [[Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party|KDU-ČSL]]
        | ANO = [[ANO 2011|ANO]]
        | TOP09 = [[TOP 09]]
        | STAN = [[Mayors and Independents|STAN]]
        | Pirati = [[Czech Pirate Party|Piráti]]
        | SPD = [[Freedom and Direct Democracy|SPD]]
        | SZ = [[Green Party (Czech Republic)|Greens]]
        | US-DEU = [[Freedom Union–Democratic Union|US-DEU]]
        | LIRA = [[Liberal Reform Party|LIRA]]
        | SNK = [[SNK European Democrats|SNK ED]]
        | NEZDEM = [[Independent Democrats (Czech Republic)|Ind. Dem.]]
	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }}
            | Independent | Ind | Neutral = [[Independent politician|Ind.]]
	    | #default = {{{2}}} }}
     }}
    | DE | Germany | [[Germany]] = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}}
	| CDU = [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
	| CSU = [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]
	| SPD = [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
        | FDP = [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
        | PDS = [[The Left (Germany)|Left]]
        | FW |FWG  = [[Free Voters|FW]]
        | DDP  = [[German Democratic Party|DDP]]
        | NS | NSDAP  = [[Nazi Party|NSDAP]]
        | ODP | ÖDP = [[Ecological Democratic Party|ÖDP]]
        | AfD | AFD = [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]]
	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }}
            | Left | Linke | The Left = [[The Left (Germany)|Left]]
            | Green | Greens | Grün | Grüne | Bündnis 90/Die Grünen = [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Greens]]
            | Freie Wähler | Freie wähler = [[Free Voters|FW]]
            | Centre | Zentrum = [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre]]
            | Volt = [[Volt Germany|Volt]]
            | PARTEI = [[die PARTEI|PARTEI]]
            | Pirates | Piraten = [[Pirate Party Germany|Pirates]]
            | Nazi = [[Nazi Party|NSDAP]]
            | Independent | Ind | Neutral | Parteilos | [[Parteilos]] | [[parteilos]] = [[Independent politician|Ind.]]
	    | #default = {{{2}}} }}
      }}
    | NL | Netherlands | [[Netherlands]] | The Netherlands | [[The Netherlands]] | Holland = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}}
	| CDA = [[Christian Democratic Appeal|CDA]]
	| CU  = [[ChristianUnion|CU]]
	| D66 = [[Democrats 66|D66]]
	| GL  = [[GreenLeft|GL]]
	| PVV = [[Party for Freedom|PVV]]
        | SGP = [[Reformed Political Party|SGP]]
        | SP  = [[Socialist Party (Netherlands)|SP]]
        | VVD = [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]]
	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }}
            | Green | Groen = [[GreenLeft|GL]]
            | PvdA | Pvda = [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]]
            | Independent | Ind | Neutral | Parteilos | [[Parteilos]] | [[parteilos]] = [[Independent politician|Ind.]]
	    | #default = {{{2}}} }}
      }}
    | CH | Switzerland | [[Switzerland]] = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}}
        | FDP | PRD | RAD | FDP/PRD = [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP/PRD]]
        | PLR = [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP/PRD/PLR]]
        | PLC = [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP/PRD/PLC]]
        | SPS | PSS | SP | PS | SP/PS | SPS/PSS | SOC = [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SPS/PSS]]
        | SVP | UDC | SVP/UDC = [[Swiss People's Party|SVP/UDC]]
        | PPS = [[Swiss People's Party|SVP/UDC/PPS]]
        | CVP | PDC | CVP/PDC = [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP/PDC]]
        | PPD = [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP/PDC/PPD]]
        | PCD = [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP/PDC/PCD]]
        | GPS | PES = [[Green Party of Switzerland|GPS/PES]]
        | GLP = [[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|GLP]]
        | PLS | LPS | LIB = [[Liberal Party of Switzerland|LPS/PLS]]
        | EVP | PEV = [[Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland|EVP/PEV]]
        | Ticino League | Lega = [[Ticino League]]
	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }}
            | Green = [[Green Party of Switzerland|GPS]]
            | Independent | Ind | Neutral = [[Independent politician|Ind.]]
            | #default = [[List of political parties in Switzerland|{{{2}}}]] }}
      }}
    | RO | Romania | [[Romania]] = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}}
        | PSD = [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]]
        | PNL = [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]
        | UDMR | RMDSZ = [[Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania|UDMR]]
        | PNȚ-CD | PNT-CD = [[Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party|PNȚ-CD]]
        | ALDE = [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)|ALDE]]
        | PDL = [[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|PDL]]
        | FDGR = [[Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania|FDGR]]
        | PD = [[Democratic Party (Romania)|PD]]
        | PCM | MPP | HCP = [[Hungarian Civic Party (Romania)|PCM]]
        | PND = [[National Democratic Party (Romania)|PND]]
        | PRM = [[Greater Romania Party|PRM]]
        | USL = [[Social Liberal Union|USL]]
        | PMP = [[People's Movement Party|PMP]]
        | UNPR = [[National Union for the Progress of Romania|UNPR]]
        | PPMT | EMNP = [[Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania|PPMT]]
        | PC = [[Conservative Party (Romania)|PC]]
        | PER = [[Ecologist Party of Romania|PER]]
        | PSRO = [[Romanian Social Party|PSRO]]
        | PRO = [[PRO Romania|PRO]]
        | PLUS = [[Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party|PLUS]]
        | USR = [[Save Romania Union|USR]]
        | USR PLUS = [[USR PLUS]]
        | AD = [[The Right Alternative|AD]]
	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }}
            | Independent | Ind | Neutral = [[Independent politician|Ind.]]
	    | #default = {{{2}}} }}
     }}
    | TR | Turkey | [[Turkey]] = {{#switch: {{uc:{{{2}}}}}
        | AKP = [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]]
        | BBP = [[Great Unity Party|BBP]]
        | CHP = [[Republican People's Party|CHP]]
        | DEM = [[Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party|DEM]]
        | HDP = [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|HDP]]
        | İYİ | IYI = [[Good Party|İYİ]]
        | MHP = [[Nationalist Movement Party|MHP]]
        | SP = [[Felicity Party|SP]]
        | TKP = [[Communist Party of Turkey (modern)|TKP]]
        | YRP = [[New Welfare Party|YRP]]
	| #default = {{#switch: {{ucfirst: {{{2}}} }}
            | Independent | Ind | Neutral = [[Independent politician|Ind.]]
	    | #default = {{{2}}} }}
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    <title>Black Coffee (DJ)</title>
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'''Nkosinathi Innocent Maphumulo''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 19 Dzivamisoko 1976), loyi a tivekaka ngopfu hi vito ra yena ra xiteji '''Black Coffee''', i DJ wa Afrika-Dzonga, muhumelerisi wa vunanga na mutsari wa tinsimu. Swibumabumelo swa yena swi katsa nhungu wa masagwadi ya South African Music Awards, mMasagwadi ya mune ya DJ Awards, masagwadi yambirhi ya Metro FM na sagwadi ra Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronic Album .  

U sungurile ntirho wa yena hi 1994, naswona u xiximiwile hi ku nghenelela ka yena eka 2004 Red Bull Music Academy endzhaku ka khume ra malembe. Maphumulo u simekile lebula ya tirhekhodo ya Soulistic Music ku humesa alibamu ya yena yo sungula ''Black Coffee'' (2005), leyi a yi katsa swiphemu swa R&amp;B na jazz. Ku sukela kwalaho, u humesile tialibamu ta nhungu ta le studio.    


[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makwakwa</title>
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      <comment>Makwakwa Clan</comment>
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      <text bytes="73" sha1="ahk5atk1x2wosoueu3ol14o5jppyi7o" xml:space="preserve">Makwakwa I Van'wanati eka Yindlo ya ka Mondlane.

I va tukulu wa Xilatani</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dirt</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Amerikha]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="598" sha1="f0whup92iy9vupx62fyp8444tf3tgn4" xml:space="preserve">&quot;'''Dirt'''&quot; i risimu leri rhekhodiweke hi [[duo]] ra [[country music]] ra le [[United States|Amerikha]], [[Florida Georgia Line]]. I risimu ro sungula eka albhamu ya vona ya vumbirhi ya studio, ''[[Anything Goes (Florida Georgia Line album)|Anything Goes]]'', leyi humesiweke hi October 14, 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/07/08/song-of-the-week-dirt-florida-georgia-line/12357847/ |title=Song of the week: 'Dirt,' Florida Georgia Line |publisher=Usatoday.com |date=2014-07-08 |accessdate=2014-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Amerikha]]</text>
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    <title>Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:FDA microbiologist prepares DNA samples for gel electrophoresis analysis.jpg|thumb|right|FDA microbiologist prepares DNA samples for gel electrophoresis analysis]]'''Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka''' i nhluvukiso wa ku dyondza no [[dyondzo]] eka matiko ya sayense lawa ma katsaka [[genetics]] na [[molecular biology]]. Ku ni minongonoko yo tala leyi yi hluvukisiweke hi dyondzo leyi, naswona leswi na swona swi vuriwa swiphemu swa nhluvukiso. Mfumo wa masungulo wa nhlamuselo w...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1195" sha1="fgmq1cpqwwuoma96qo30s2ytm6sb60v" xml:space="preserve">[[File:FDA microbiologist prepares DNA samples for gel electrophoresis analysis.jpg|thumb|right|FDA microbiologist prepares DNA samples for gel electrophoresis analysis]]'''Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka''' i nhluvukiso wa ku dyondza no [[dyondzo]] eka matiko ya sayense lawa ma katsaka [[genetics]] na [[molecular biology]]. Ku ni minongonoko yo tala leyi yi hluvukisiweke hi dyondzo leyi, naswona leswi na swona swi vuriwa swiphemu swa nhluvukiso. Mfumo wa masungulo wa nhlamuselo wu vilerisa genetics ya nkoka. Dyondzo ya masungulo yi katsa ku kumeka ka switulu na [[ku lweriwaka]] ka rixaka. Dyondzo leyi yi endliwile eka malembe yo tala hi ku languteka eka xivumbeko xo tiya na hi xivumbeko xo tala xo mikroskopi.

Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka yi nga tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo tisa ku hlamusela matirhisele leyi tirhisiweke eka sayense ya genetics na molecular biology, kumbe ku [[dyondzo ya vutivi|tirhiso]] leyi humaka eka dyondzo leyi.

Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka yi nga endliwa ku tiva swiphiqo swa ku lweriwa na ku endla [[ku dyondza swiphiqo]] eka mavabyi yo karhi ya miri tanihi [[khensa]]. Nhlamuselo ya tinxaka ya khensa yi katsa ku kumeka ka [[mutation]]s, [[fusion gene]]s, na ku cinca ka nhlayo ya DNA.</text>
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      <text bytes="1397" sha1="r8wire5g2tlv56qsl3df9yrda89q5eo" xml:space="preserve">'''Brioche''' ( {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|iː|oʊ|ʃ}}, {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|b|r|iː|ɒ|ʃ|,_|b|r|iː|ˈ|ɒ|ʃ}}, {{IPAc-en|US|b|r|iː|ˈ|oʊ|ʃ|,_|ˈ|b|r|iː|ɔː|ʃ|,_|b|r|iː|ˈ|ɔː|ʃ}},   {{IPA-fr|bʁijɔʃ|lang}} ) {{Sfn|Reinhart||p=214}} i muxaka wa xinkwa xa masungulo ya [[Furhwa|Xifurwa]] lexi nga na botere yo tala na tandza, leswi nyikaka xirhumbana xo olova no fuwa. Mupheki [[Joël Robuchon]] u hlamusela tani hi &quot;yo vevuka naswona yiva na xiponci nyana, yi olova ngopfu kumbe yitsongo kuya hi ratio ya botere na tandza&quot;. {{Sfn|Robuchon||p=134}} Yina xivumbeko xa ntima, xotshuka na xirhendzevutani, lexi hakanyingi xi kandziyisiwaka hi xiphemu xa tandza lexi hangalasiweke endzhaku ko lunghiselela nhlama.

Brioche yi tekiwa tani hi muxaka wa Viennoiserie. Yi endliwa hi ndlela leyi fanaka ya xisekelo ni xinkwa naswona yi ni swilo swo hambana-hambana ku tlula makhekhe yo tanihi tandza, botere ni swilo swin’wana ( [[masi]], [[mati]], [[khirimi]], minkarhi yin’wana hambi ku ri chukela ). Brioche, xikan’we na swinkwa swin’wana swimbirhi swa French, ''[[pain au lait]]'' na ''pain aux raisins,'' switala ku dyiwa eka swakudya swa nimixo kumbe tani hi swakudya swo olova. Brioche yi bakiwa hi mihandzu kumbe ti chocolate chips. {{Sfn|Gaudry||p=331}} Hiku tirhisa ku hambana ko tala ka swifundzha, brioche yi phameriwile ntsena tani hi swakudya swale tlhelo swa dessert. {{Sfn|DK||p=159}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5475" sha1="le2t28dc34ljouwhhc5slwq5nrq4fml" xml:space="preserve">'''Pinocchio''' (&quot; ''Pino-ki-o'' &quot;, {{IPAc-en|p|ɪ|ˈ|n|əʊ|k|i|əʊ}},  {{IPA-it|piˈnɔkkjo|lang}} ) i ximunhuhatwa xa vuxopaxopi naswona i ximunhuhatwankulu eka novhele ya vana ''leyi nge [[Ta Khombo ta Pinocchio|The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' (1883) hi mutsari wa le [[Ithali|Italy]] [[Carlo Collodi]] wa le Florence, Tuscany .   Muvatli wa mapulanga la vuriwaka [[Geppetto]] eximutanini xa le Tuscan u vatle Pinocchio. I xipopana xa mapulanga kambe u lorha ku va mufana wa xiviri. U dume hi nomo wa yena wo leha, lowu (kan’we ntsena eka novhele, kambe ngopfungopfu eka ku cinciwa ko tala ka tifilimi) wu yaka emahlweni wu kula loko a hemba. 

Pinocchio i xifaniso xa ndhavuko . I un'wana wa swimunhuhatwa leswi vuyeleriwaka ngopfu eka matsalwa ya vana. Xitori xa yena xi cinciwile eka swihangalasamahungu swo hambana, ngopfu ngopfu filimi ya Disney ya 1940 ''Pinocchio''  .

Hakanyingi Collodi u tirhisa ririmi ra Xintariyana ra le Tuscan etibukwini ta yena. Vito leri nge ''[https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pinocchio Pinocchio]'' i ku hlanganisiwa ka marito ya Xintariyana ''[https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/pino lama nge pino]'' (muphayini), na ''Occhio'' (tihlo); ''Pino'' nakambe i xifunengeto xa ''Giuseppino'' lexi nga rimitsu ra [[Giuseppe]] (xivumbeko xa rito ra Xintariyana Joseph); Un’wana wa minkucetelo leyikulu eka Collodi evuntshweni bya yena a ku ri Giuseppe Aiazzi, mutivi wa matsalwa ya voko la dumeke wa le Italy loyi a languteleke Collodi exitolo xa tibuku xa ''Libreria Piatti'' eFlorence. [[Geppetto]], vito ra muvumbi wa Pinocchio na &quot;tatana&quot;, i rimitsu ra [[Geppo]], mavitanelo ya le Tuscan ya ''ceppo'', leswi vulaka log, stump, block.

== Nhlamuselo ya swimunhuhatwa swa vuxopaxopi ==

Vumunhuhati bya Pinocchio bya hambana eka tinhlamuselo, kambe swiyenge swo hlayanyana swa fambelana eka ku cinca hinkwako: Pinocchio i xipopana lexi nga na mintlhaveko leyi hanyaka, muendli wa Pinocchio i [[Geppetto]] naswona nhlonge ya Pinocchio yi kula loko a hemba. 

Pinocchio u tiveka hi ku va na nomo wo koma lowu yaka wu leha loko a ri ehansi ka ntshikilelo (ndzima 3), ngopfu-ngopfu loko a etlele. Eka ntsheketo wo sungula, Collodi u n'wi hlamusela tanihi &quot;rascal,&quot; &quot;imp,&quot; &quot; [[wiktionary:scapegrace|scapegrace]] &quot; (munhu wo biha kumbe wo hambuka), &quot;disgrace,&quot; &quot;ragamuffin,&quot; na &quot;confirmed rogue,&quot; hambi ku ri tata wa yena, muvatli Geppetto, . ku n'wi kombetela tanihi &quot;mufana wo biha.&quot; Loko a velekiwa, Pinocchio u hatle a hleka hi ku hlekula emahlweni ka muvumbi wa yena, laha a yivaka wigi ya mukhalabye loyi.

Mahanyelo yo biha ya Pinocchio, ematshan’weni yo va lama tsakisaka kumbe lama rhandzekaka, ma endleriwe ku tirha tanihi xilemukiso. Eku sunguleni Collodi a a kunguhate leswaku xitori lexi, lexi nga kandziyisiwa ro sungula hi June 1881 eka magazini wa vana wa ''Il Corriere dei Piccoli'',  xi va khombo. Yi gimete hi ku dlayiwa ka xipopana. Valala va Pinocchio, Fox na Cat, va boha mavoko ya yena, va n’wi hundzisela ntambhu enon’wini, va n’wi hayeka erhavini ra murhi wa oak. 

&lt;blockquote&gt;Moya wa xidzedze wa le n’walungwini wu sungule ku hunga ni ku rhurhumela hi vukarhi, naswona wu ba xipopana lexi xa xisiwana ku suka eka tlhelo rin’wana ku ya eka rin’wana, xi xi endla xi rhendzeleka hi matimba, ku fana ni ku rhurhumela ka bele leyi rilaka ya mucato. Naswona swinging swi n'wi nyikile ti spasms ta tihanyi...Ku hefemula ka yena ku n’wi tsanile naswona a nga ha vuli swin’wana. U pfarile mahlo, a pfula nomu, a olola milenge, a humesa ku rhurhumela ko leha, a lenga-lenga a tiyile naswona a nga twali.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Swihlawulekisi ===

==== Swiambalo na vumunhu ====
Pinocchio i [[marionette]] ya mapulanga (xipopana lexi endliwaka hi tintambhu kumbe tintambhu) naswona kungari xipopana xa voko (lexi lawuriwaka hiku kongoma kusuka endzeni hi voko ra muendli wa swipopana). Hambiswiritano, xiphemu xa mapulanga lexi a humaka eka xona xi ni vutomi, naswona hikwalaho Pinocchio u famba-famba a tiyimela. Hakanyingi u rhwariwe hi vanghana vo biha naswona u tala ku hemba. Nomo wa yena wu leha loko a hembela van’wana.  Hikwalaho ka swihlawulekisi leswi, hakanyingi u tikuma a ri emaxangwini. Pinocchio u hundzuka eka novhele leyi: u tshembisa The Fairy with Turquoise Hair ku va mufana wa xiviri, u baleka na [[Candlewick]] eTikweni [[ra Switoyi]], a hundzuka mbhongolo, a joyina serekisi, ivi a tlhela a va xipopana. Eka ndzima yo hetelela, kusuka enon’wini wa The Terrible Dogfish na Geppetto, Pinocchio u hetelele a tshika kuva xipopana kutani a hundzuka mufana wa xiviri (hikwalaho ka ku nghenelela ka Fairy eka norho).

Eka novhele leyi, Pinocchio u tala ku kombisiwa a ambale xihuku lexi nga ni tinhla, xiketi ni buruku ra mivalavala leri fikaka ematsolweni. Eka vuhundzuluxeri bya [[Disney]], xivumbeko xa kona xi hambanile; ximunhuhatwa lexi xi ambale xitayili xa [[le Tyrolean]], xi ri na [[Lederhosen]] na xihuku lexi nga na tinsiva.

==== Nhompfu ====
Nomo wa Pinocchio i xihlawulekisi xa yena lexi tivekaka ngopfu. Yi kula hi ku leha loko a vula mavunwa, kambe yi tlhela yi endla tano ebukwini loko yi sungula ku vatliwa hi Geppetto.

Nomo wu boxiwile minkarhi yimbirhi ntsena ebukwini leyi, kambe wu paluxa matimba ya Blue Fairy eka Pinocchio loko a endla hi ndlela yo ka yi nga yingisi. Endzhaku ka loko mufana loyi a ri karhi a tikarhata ni ku rila hikwalaho ka nomo wakwe lowu onhakeke, Blue Fairy yi vitana swinyenyana leswi vuriwaka ti- woodpecker leswaku swi yi tlherisela eka ntolovelo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mbewu</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>38232</id>
      <parentid>38231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-11T12:44:41Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Auraecarve</username>
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      <text bytes="3960" sha1="os3he27ua7sbdkw6lg6c9d0rbvugwtb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Разнообразие_семян.jpg|thumb|350x350px| Photomicrograph ya mbewu yo hambana hambana]]

Eka botany, '''mbewu''' i embryo ya ximilani na vuhlayiselo bya swakudya leswi pfaleriweke eka xifunengeto xa le handle lexi sirhelelaka lexi vuriwaka seed coat (testa). Hiku angarhela, rito &quot;mbewu&quot; rivula xin'wana na xin'wana lexi nga byariwaka, leswinga katsa mbewu na madzovo kumbe tuber . Mbewu i vuhumelerisi bya [[ovule]] leyi vupfeke, endzhaku ka loko nkwama wa embryo wu nonisiwile hi mbewu ya vununa kusuka eka pollen, yi vumba zygote . Embryo leyinga endzeni ka mbewu yikula kusuka eka zygote naswona yikula endzeni ka ximilani xa manana kuya eka vukulu byokarhi loko kukula kunga se yimisiwa.

Ku endliwa ka mbewu i xiphemu lexi hlamuselaka maendlelo ya kutswalana eka swimilani swa mbewu ( spermatophytes ). Swimilani swin’wana [[swofana]] na [[ferns]], mosses na liverworts, aswina mbewu naswona switirhisa tindlela leti titshegeke hi mati kuva swi hangalasa. Sweswi swimilana swa mbewu swi lawula tindhawu leti hanyaka emisaveni, ku sukela emakhwatini ku ya eka tindhawu ta byanyi eka [[Tinguva|maxelo]] yo hisa ni yo titimela .

Eka swimilani leswinga na swiluva, ovary yivupfa yiva mihandzu leyingana mbewu naswona yitirha ku yi hangalasa. Swivumbeko swotala leswi talaka kuvuriwa &quot;mbewu&quot; kahle kahle i mihandzu yo oma. Mbewu ya [[sunflower]] minkarhi yin’wana yi xavisiwa hi ndlela yo xavisa loko ya ha pfaleriwile endzeni ka rirhangu ro tiya ra mihandzu, leyi faneleke ku avanyisiwa leswaku yita fika eka mbewu. Mintlawa yohambana hambana ya swimilani yina ku cinca kun’wana, leswi vuriwaka mihandzu ya maribye (kufana na peach ) yina leyara ya mihandzu leyi nonokeke (the [[endocarp]] ) leyi hlanganisiweke na mbewu ya xiviri naswona yi rhendzeleke. Tinyawa i mihandzu leyi nga ni mbewu yin’we, leyi nga ni swiphemu swo tiya swa swimilana swin’wana leswi nga ni mbewu leyi nga tshovekiki, yo tanihi acorn kumbe hazelnut .

== Xivumbeko na xivumbeko ==

Mbewu yihambanile swinene, naswona tani hileswi kuna marito yotala lawa ya tirhisiwaka ku yi hlamusela. 

=== Marito yo hlamusela xivumbeko ===

* '''Xivumbeko xa tinyawa''' ( .  ) – leyi fanaka na tinso, leyingana makumu ya lobed eka matlhelo hinkwawo ya hilum
* '''Square''' kumbe '''Oblong''' – angular, laha matlhelo hinkwawo ya ringanaka, kumbe ya lehe ku tlula ku anama
* '''Triangular''' – ya matlhelo manharhu, yo anama swinene ehansi ka le xikarhi
* '''Elliptic''' kumbe '''Ovate''' kumbe '''Obovate''' – yiva xirhendzevutani emakumu hamambirhi, kumbe xivumbeko xa tandza (ovate kumbe obovate, yi anama eka makumu yan’we), yiva xirhendzevutani kambe yiva symmetrical kwalomu ka le xikarhi, kumbe yi anama ehansi ka le xikarhi, kumbe yi anama ehenhla ka le xikarhi 
* '''Discoid''' ''–'' leyi fanaka na disc kumbe plate, yina ku enta na swikandza leswi fambelanaka naswona yina margin ya xirhendzevutani) .
* '''Xivumbeko xa xirhendzevutani'''
* '''Globose''' – [[ya xirhendzevutani]]
* '''Subglobose''' (Yi pfurha, kambe yitsongo kutlula xirhendzevutani) .
* '''Lenticular ya xirhendzevutani'''
* '''Ovoid ya xirhendzevutani'''
* '''Sectoroid ya xitsongwatsongwana'''
*
* Tinhlamuselo tin’wana leti tolovelekeke ta mbewu ti kongomisa eka muvala, xivumbeko na xivumbeko. Mbewu ya '''striate''' yina swirhendzevutani na milayeni leyi fambelanaka, yo leha kumbe swirhendzevutani. Mihlovo leyi tolovelekeke ngopfu i ya buraweni na ya ntima, laha mihlovo yin’wana ayi humeleli ngopfu. Xivumbeko xa le henhla xa hambana kusuka eka lexi pholishiweke swinene kuya eka lexi roughened swinene. Vuandlalo byinga tlhela byiva na ti appendages tohambana hambana (vona Seed coat), naswona byi hlamuseriwa hi marito yofana na [[papillate]] kumbe digitiform (finger-like). {{sfn|Barthlott|1984}} Xigwitsirisi xa mbewu lexi nga na ku ringanana ka [[khokhi]] xi vuriwa '''suberose''' . Marito yan’wana ya katsa '''crustaceous''' (hard, thin kumbe brittle).</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ximumu</title>
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      <id>38505</id>
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      <timestamp>2024-08-21T05:58:10Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Aquino100</username>
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      <text bytes="740" sha1="me77np63wk2vx8s00m94z8okv07p74v" xml:space="preserve">'''Ximumu''' hi xona lexi hisaka swinene naswona xi voningaka swinene eka [[tinguva]] ta mune [[leti kufumelaka]], xi humelela endzhaku ka ximun'wana ni le mahlweni ka [[ximun'wana]] . Eka kumbe exikarhi ka solstice ya ximumu, tiawara ta ku vonakala ka siku hi tona to leha swinene naswona tiawara ta munyama i to koma swinene, laha ku leha ka siku ku hunguteka loko nguva yi ya emahlweni endzhaku ka solstice. Ku huma ka dyambu ro sungula ni ku pela ka dyambu ka sweswinyana na swona swi humelela ekusuhi ni siku ra ku wisa ka dyambu. Siku ro sungula ximumu ra hambana hi ku ya hi [[Tinguva|maxelo]], ndhavuko ni ndhavuko. Loko ku ri ximumu eN’walungwini wa Misava, i [[xixika]] eDzongeni [[wa Misava]], naswona hi ndlela leyi hambaneke.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tanki ya xirhendzevutani</title>
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      <id>38247</id>
      <parentid>38246</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-11T13:34:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Auraecarve</username>
        <id>10790</id>
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      <text bytes="3957" sha1="53n0qfof702b7t2r66hc08hf0s699ho" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mark_I_series_tank.jpg|thumb|Thanki yo sungula ku nghenela nyimpi, thanki ya le Britain ya Mark I (leyi nga exifanisweni hi 1916) leyi nga ni xikimi xa [[Solomon]] camouflage]]

'''Thanki''' i movha wa nyimpi lowu hlomeke lowu kunguhatiweke tanihi tlhari ro sungula ro hlasela eka nyimpi ya le mahlweni ya le hansi . Tipulani ta mathangi i ku ringanisela ka [[matimba]] yo tika ya ndzilo, [[swisirhelelo]] leswi tiyeke, ni ku famba-famba endhawini ya nyimpi leswi nyikeriwaka hi [[swiporo]] ni njhini ya matimba; matlhari ya vona lamakulu hakanyingi ma vekiwa endzeni ka [[xihondzo]] . I xiseketelo lexikulu xa mavuthu ya le hansi ya manguva lawa ya lembe xidzana ra vu-20 na ra vu-21 naswona i xiphemu xa nkoka xa nyimpi ya matlhari lama hlanganisiweke .

[[File:British_Sherman_tank_Italy_Dec_1943_IWM_NA_9992.jpg|alt=A British Sherman tank in Italy during World War Two|thumb| [[M4 Sherman]] eItaly hi 1943 hi nkarhi wa Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava]]
Mathangi ya manguva lawa i tipulatifomo ta matlhari ya le misaveni lama fambafambaka lama tirhisiwaka hi tindlela to tala leti matlhari ya wona lamakulu ku nga xibamu xa mathangi xa xiyimo lexikulu lexi vekiweke eka [[xihondzo xa swibamu]] lexi rhendzelekaka, lexi engeteriweke hi swibamu swa michini kumbe matlhari man’wana lama nga ekule yo tanihi swibuluki leswi kongomisiwaka hi mathangi kumbe swibuluki leswi hoxaka tirhokete . Ti na [[swisirhelelo swa movha]] swo tika leswi nyikaka nsirhelelo eka vatirhi, vuhlayiselo bya swibamu swa movha, thangi ra mafurha na tisisiteme to fambisa. Ku tirhisiwa ka ti track kutlula mavhilwa swinyika ku antswisiwa ka ku famba famba ka matirhelo leswi pfumelelaka thanki kuva yi hlula ndzhawu leyi nga na swiganga na swiyimo swo biha swofana na ndzhope na ayisi/gamboko ku antswa kutlula mimovha leyingana mavhilwa, naswona xisweswo yiva yitshama hiku olova swinene eka tindzhawu leti pfunaka eka ndzhawu ya nyimpi. Swihlawulekisi leswi swiendla leswaku thangi ri kota ku tirha eka swiyimo swohambana hambana swa nyimpi yo tika, hi nkarhi wun’we [[eka ku hlasela]] (hi [[ndzilo wo kongoma]] kusuka eka xibamu xa vona lexikulu xa matimba) xikan’we naku sirhelela (tani hi nseketelo wa ndzilo na defilade eka masocha ya xinghana hikokwalaho ka kuva ekusuhi naku nga hlaseriwi eka matlhari lamantsongo ya masocha lawa ya fambaka hi milenge lawa ya tolovelekeke na ku lwisana kahle na matlhari yo tika, hambi leswi matlhari yo lwisana na mathangi lama tirhisiweke hi 2022, man’wana ya wona lama rhwalekaka hi munhu, ma kombiseke vuswikoti byo herisa tinxaka ta khale ta mathangi hi ku duvula kan’we  ), .
 
hinkwaswo loko hi ri karhi hi hlayisa ku fambafamba loku lavekaka ku tirhisa swiyimo swa vutlhari leswi cincaka. &lt;ref&gt;[[Tank#CITEREFvon Senger und Etterlin1960|von Senger and Etterlin (1960)]], ''The World's armoured Fighting Vehicles'', p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku hlanganisa mathangi hi ku helela ni mavuthu ya manguva lawa ya masocha swi pfuxe nguva leyintshwa ya nyimpi, nyimpi leyi hlomeke .

Ku fikela loko ku tumbuluxiwa mathangi lamakulu ya nyimpi, hi ntolovelo mathangi a ma avanyisiwa hi ku ya hi [[Ntlawa wa ntiko|ntlawawantiko]] ( mathangi yo vevuka, ya le xikarhi, [[yo tika]] kumbe yo tika swinene ) kumbe xikongomelo xa dyondzo ( breakthrough-, cavalry-, infantry-, cruiser-, kumbe mathangi [[yo kambela]] ). Tin’wana i tikulu naswona ti hlomile swinene naswona ti ni swibamu leswikulu, kasi tin’wana i titsongo, ti hlomile hi ku olova naswona ti hlomisiwe hi xibamu xa caliber lexitsongo ni xo vevuka. Mathangi lawa lamantsongo ya famba ehenhla ka ndzhawu hi rivilo na ku hatlisa naswona yanga endla ntirho wo kambela ku engetela eka ku nghenelela eka swikongomelo swa vulala. Thanki leyitsongo, leyi hatlisaka hi ntolovelo a yi nga ta nghenela nyimpi ni thangi lerikulu, leri nga ni swisirhelelo swo tala, handle ka hi nkarhi wa riendzo ro hlamarisa ra le matlhelo .
[[Category:Articles with disputed statements from September 2022]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ayisikhirimi</title>
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      <id>38256</id>
      <parentid>38255</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-12T01:10:55Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Animematnao</username>
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      <text bytes="2998" sha1="agwradgarg8b1fkzge34kjpoc8xkr2w" xml:space="preserve">'''Ayisi khirimi''' i dessert leyi titimelaka leyi hi ntolovelo yi endliwaka hi masi kumbe khirimi leyi nandzihisiweke hi swin’wana [[swo nandzihisa]], ku nga ha va chukele kumbe swin’wana, ni swipayisisi, swo tanihi [[cocoa]] kumbe [[vanilla]], kumbe hi mihandzu, yo tanihi switluka kumbe mapecisi. Minkarhi yin'wana ku engeteriwa mihlovo ya swakudya ku engetela eka swilo leswi tiyisisaka . Nkatsakanyo lowu wu titimela ehansi ka freezing point ya mati kutani wu hlanganisiwa leswaku wuta nghenisa tindzhawu ta moya xikan’we naku sivela [[ti ice crystals]] leti voniwaka kuva tinga vumbiwi. Yinga tlhela yi endliwa hiku hlanganisa flavoured cream base na [[liquid]] nitrogen swin’we. Mbuyelo wakona i foam yo olova, ya semi-solid leyi tiyeke eka mahiselo yale hansi swinene (ehansi ka {{Convert|35|F|C}} ). Yiva na malleable swinene loko mahiselo ya yona ya tlakuka.

Ayisi khirimi yi nga ha phameriwa eka swibya, yi dyiwa hi xipunu kumbe yi nantswa hi tikhoni ta ayisi khirimi ta wafer leti dyiwaka leti khomiweke hi mavoko tanihi swakudya swa tintiho . Ayisi khirimi yi nga ha phameriwa ni ti- dessert tin’wana—to tanihi khekhe kumbe phayi —kumbe yi tirhisiwa tanihi xiaki xa swakudya leswi titimelaka—ku fana ni ti- ice cream float, [[ti- sundae]], ti- milkshake ni tikhekhe ta ayisi khirimi —kumbe eka swilo leswi bakiweke swo tanihi Baked [[Alaska]] .

Ayisi khirimi ya le [[Ithali|Italy]] i gelato . Frozen custard i muxaka wa ice cream leyi fuweke. Soft serve yi olovile naswona hakanyingi yi phameriwa etiphakeni ta vuhungasi na le ka tirhesiturente ta swakudya swo hatlisa eUnited States. Ti ice cream leti endliweke kusuka eka masi ya homu lawa yanga cinca cinca, yofana na masi ya mbuti kumbe ya nyimpfu, kumbe swin’wana leswinga siva masi (xikombiso, soy, [[cashew]], [[coconut]], [[masi ya almond]], kumbe tofu ), ya kumeka eka lava vanga tiyiseriki lactose, lava nga na allergy eka ti protein ta masi, kumbe vegan . &quot;Nice cream&quot; ya mabanana {{Efn|Not to be confused with the small-batch ice cream business [[Nice Cream]].}} i 100% wa mihandzu leyi sekeriweke eka vegan alternative. [[Frozen yoghurt]], kumbe &quot;froyo&quot;, yifana na ice cream kambe yitirhisa yoghurt naswona yingava na mafurha yale hansi. Ti sorbets letingana mihandzu kumbe ti sherbets ahi ti ice creams kambe titala ku kumeka eka mavhengele ya ice cream.

Nhlamuselo ya vito leri ''[[ayisi khirimi]]'' ya hambana hi ku ya hi matiko. Ematikweni man’wana, yo tanihi [[Amerikha|United States]], ''ayisi khirimi'' yi tirha ntsena eka muxaka wo karhi, naswona tihulumendhe to tala ti lawula ku tirhisiwa ka marito yo hambana-hambana hi ku ya hi mpimo lowu ringaniseriweke wa swilo leswikulu, ngopfu-ngopfu mpimo wa khirimi.  Switirhisiwa leswinga fikeleriki swipimelo leswinga vitaniwa ice cream minkarhi yin’wana swi tsariwa &quot; '''frozen dairy dessert''' &quot; ematshan’wini ya sweswo.  Ematikweni man’wana, yo tanihi Italy na [[Arjentina|Argentina]], ku tirhisiwa rito rin’we eka tinxaka hinkwato.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Opera</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2024-08-12T01:27:22Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="6445" sha1="trlr6xpdp51s1o1rkc0ejnuspwdb8nj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Macbeth_applause_at_Savonlinna_Opera_festival_in_2007_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|''Macbeth'' eka Nkhuvo wa Opera wa Savonlinna eXigodlhweni xa St. Olaf, eSavonlinna, eFinland, hi 2007]]
'''Opera''' i xivumbeko xa mintlangu ya mintlangu leyi eka yona [[Vunanga|vuyimbeleri]] byi nga xiphemu xa xisekelo naswona swiphemu swa drama swi tekiwa hi vayimbeleri . &quot;Ntirho&quot; wo tano (vuhundzuluxeri bya xiviri bya rito ra Xintariyana &quot;opera&quot;) hi ntolovelo i ntirhisano exikarhi ka [[Nqambi ya Vunanga|muqambhi]] na mutsari wa librettist &lt;ref&gt;[[Richard Wagner]] and [[Arrigo Boito]] are notable creators who combined both roles.&lt;/ref&gt; naswona wu katsa nhlayo ya vutshila byo tlanga, ku fana na vuyimbeleri, [[swifaniso]], swiambalo, naswona minkarhi yin'wana ku cina kumbe ballet . Hi ntolovelo ntlangu lowu wu endliwa endlwini ya opera, wu fambisana ni okhestra kumbe ntlawa lowutsongo wa vuyimbeleri, lowu ku sukela eku sunguleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu-19 a wu rhangela hi mufambisi wa vuyimbeleri . Hambileswi mintlango ya vuyimbeleri yi fambisanaka swinene ni opera, leswimbirhi swi tekiwa swi hambanile ni swin’wana. &lt;ref&gt;Some definitions of opera: &quot;dramatic performance or composition of which music is an essential part, branch of art concerned with this&quot; (''[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]''); &quot;any dramatic work that can be sung (or at times declaimed or spoken) in a place for performance, set to original music for singers (usually in costume) and instrumentalists&quot; ([[Amanda Holden (writer)|Amanda Holden]], ''Viking Opera Guide''); &quot;musical work for the stage with singing characters, originated in early years of 17th century&quot; (''[[Pears' Cyclopaedia]]'', 1983 ed.).&lt;/ref&gt;

Opera i xiphemu xa nkoka xa vuyimbeleri bya xikhale bya le [[Vupela-dyambu]], naswona ngopfu-ngopfu ndhavuko wa le Italy. &lt;ref&gt;Comparable art forms from various other parts of the world, many of them ancient in origin, are also sometimes called &quot;opera&quot; by analogy, usually prefaced with an adjective indicating the region (for example, [[Chinese opera]]). These independent traditions are not derivative of Western opera but are rather distinct forms of [[musical theatre]]. Opera is also not the only type of Western musical theatre: in the ancient world, [[Theatre of ancient Greece|Greek drama]] featured singing and instrumental accompaniment; and in modern times, other forms such as the [[Musical theatre|musical]] have appeared.&lt;/ref&gt; Eku sunguleni a yi twisisiwa tanihi xiphemu lexi yimbeleriwaka hi ku helela, ku hambana ni ntlangu lowu nga ni tinsimu, opera yi fike yi katsa tinxaka to tala, ku katsa ni tin’wana leti katsaka mbulavurisano lowu vulavuriwaka to tanihi ''[[Singspiel]]'' na ''[[Opéra]] comique'' . Eka tinomboro ta opera ta ndhavuko, vayimbeleri va tirhisa switayele swimbirhi swa vuyimbeleri: recitative, xitayili lexi hundzuriweke hi mbulavulo,  na ti- aria leti ti tiyimeleke. Lembe-xidzana ra vu-19 ri vone ku andza ka drama ya vuyimbeleri leyi yaka emahlweni .

[[File:Teatro_alla_Scala_interior_Milan.jpg|thumb|La Scala ya le [[Milan]]]]
[[File:Paris_Opera_full_frontal_architecture,_May_2009.jpg|thumb|Palais Garnier wa le [[Paris]] Opéra]]
[[File:Berlin_-_Staatsoper_Unter_den_Linden.jpg|thumb|[[Berlin State Opera|Opera ya Mfumo ya Berlin]]]]

Opera yi sungule [[Ithali|eItaly]] eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu-16 (na Jacopo Peri ’s mostly lost ''[[Dafne]]'', leyi humesiweke eFlorence hi 1598) ngopfu-ngopfu eka mintirho ya Claudio Monteverdi, ngopfu-ngopfu ''[[L’Orfeo]]'', naswona hi ku hatlisa yi hangalake eYuropa hinkwaro: [[Heinrich Schütz]] eJarimani, [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]] eFurwa na Henry Purcell eNghilandhi hinkwavo va pfunetile eku simekeni ka mindhavuko ya vona ya tiko hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-17. Hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-18, opera ya le Italy yi hambete yi lawula xiphemu lexikulu xa Yuropa (handle ka Furwa), yi koke vaqambhi va matiko mambe vo tanihi [[George Frideric Handel]] . Opera seria akuri xivumbeko xa ndhuma swinene xa opera ya Italy, kufikela loko Christoph Willibald Gluck a angula eka ku endliwa ka yona hi ti opera ta yena ta &quot;reform&quot; hiva 1760s. Munhu la dumeke swinene eka opera ya le ku heleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-18 i Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, loyi a sunguleke hi ti- opera seria kambe a dume ngopfu hi ti- opera ta yena ta tikhomiki ta le Italy, ngopfu-ngopfu ''The Marriage of Figaro'' ( ''[[Le nozze di Figaro]]'' ), ''Don Giovanni'', na ''Così fan tutte'', . swin’we ni ''Die Entführung aus dem Serail'' ( ''[[Ku tekeriwa swilo eka Seraglio]]'' ), na ''Xichayachayana xa Masalamusi'' ( ''[[Die Zauberflöte]]'' ), leswi nga swikombiso swa nkoka eka ndhavuko wa Majarimani.

Xiphemu xosungula xa nharhu xa lembe xidzana ravu 19 xivonile xiyimo xale henhla xa xitayili xa bel canto, laha Gioachino Rossini, [[Gaetano Donizetti]] na [[Vincenzo Bellini]] hinkwavo ava tumbuluxa mintirho yo sayina ya xitayili xexo. Yi tlhele yi vona ku fika ka grand opera leyi kombisiweke hi mintirho ya Daniel Auber na [[Giacomo Meyerbeer]] swin’we ni ku nghenisa ka Carl Maria von Weber ka German Romantische Oper ([[German Romantic Opera]]). Exikarhi ka lembe xidzana ra vu-19 a ku ri nguva ya nsuku ya opera, leyi a yi rhangela ni ku lawuriwa hi Giuseppe Verdi eItaly na Richard Wagner eJarimani. Ku duma ka opera kuyile emahlweni kuya fika eka nguva ya verismo e Italy na opera ya manguva lawa ya [[French]] kuya fika eka [[Giacomo Puccini]] na Richard Strauss ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 20. Hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-19, mindhavuko leyi fanaka ya opera yi humelele exikarhi ni le vuxeni bya Yuropa, ngopfu-ngopfu eRhaxiya ni le Bohemia . Lembe-xidzana ra vu-20 ri vone ku ringeta ko tala hi switayele swa manguva lawa, swo tanihi atonality na serialism ( Arnold Schoenberg na Alban Berg ), neoclassicism ( Igor Stravinsky ) na minimalism ( Philip Glass na [[John Adams]] ). Hi ku tlakuka ka thekinoloji yo rhekhoda, vayimbeleri vo tanihi Enrico Caruso na Maria Callas va tiveka hi vayingiseri vo tala swinene lava tlulaka xirhendzevutana xa varhandzi va opera. Ku sukela loko ku sunguriwe xiya-ni-moya ni thelevhixini, ti- opera a ti tlangiwa ni eka (naswona a ti tsaleriwe) swihaxa-mahungu leswi. Ku sukela hi 2006, tindlu to hlayanyana letikulu ta opera ti sungule ku humesa tivhidiyo leti hanyaka ta xiyimo xa le henhla ta vuyimbeleri bya tona eticinema emisaveni hinkwayo. Ku sukela hi 2009, mintlangu leyi heleleke yi nga dawunilodiwaka naswona yi haxiwa hi ku kongoma .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vanuatu</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-08-12T01:34:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Animematnao</username>
        <id>10789</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:vi:Special:Redirect/revision/71567565|Vanuatu]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1057" sha1="26lzyfyzx5dkqssrp0dn7czz5z3r2u1" xml:space="preserve">'''Vanuatu''', ximfumo '''Riphabliki ra Vanuatu''', i tiko ra xihlala leri katsaka swihlala swa Melanesia edzonga -vupela-dyambu bya Lwandle ra Pacific . Ntlawa lowu wa swihlala wu kumeka eka 1 750 km evuxeni bya [[Ostraliya|Australia]], 500 km en’walungu-vuxa bya New Caledonia.&amp;nbsp;km, evupela-dyambu bya Fiji, ni le dzongeni wa Swihlala swa Solomon .

Emahlweni ka 1980, Vanuatu a ri vitaniwa '''New Hebrides''' ehansi ka [[Đồng trị|vulawuri lebyi hlanganeke]] bya [[United Kingdom|Nghilandhi]] na [[Furhwa|Furwa]] . Mavietnam hi nkarhi wolowo a va vitana Vanuatu '''Xihlala Lexintshwa''' hikuva vakoloni va Mafurwa a va tala ku thola masocha lama humaka eIndochina leswaku ma ya kambela ni ku rima swimilana eka swihlala swimbirhi swa le kusuhi, New Caledonia na New Hebrides)  . Vanhu va le Vietnam va vitana ntlawa wa swihlala swa New Caledonia ''i Misava Leyintshwa''   kasi Nouvelles-Hébrides i ''Xihlala Lexintshwa''  . Mavietnam man’wana ya le matikweni ya le handle hakanyingi hi xihoxo ma tirhisa vito ra Tan Dao eka New Caledonia   .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xitsotswana xa yingwe xa le Asia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7129</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38262</id>
      <parentid>38261</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-12T03:57:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Animematnao</username>
        <id>10789</id>
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      <text bytes="1273" sha1="0y7f1ud69s5p1pwti0ykoo4wks2qrrz" xml:space="preserve">'''''Aedes albopictus''''', leyi hi ntolovelo yi tiviwaka tanihi ''xitsotswana'' ''xa tinghala ya le Asia'' (Xinghezi: xitsotswana xa Asian tiger mosquito), i xitsotswana lexi humaka eDzonga-vuxa bya [[Axiya|Asia]], naswona xi kumeka ku suka [[Madagascar|eMadagascar]] evuxeni ku ya [[eNew Guinea]] . Muxaka lowu wutlhele wu voniwa e dzongeni wa [[Amerikha|United States]] kusukela hi 1985, nale Nigeria kusukela hi 2002. Hi 2007, muxaka lowu wutlhele wu kumeka e [[New Zealand]]{{Kulaveka vumbhoni|date=ngày 4 tháng 8 năm 2015}} [[Vuxa bya]] [[Khanada|Canada]]{{Kulaveka vumbhoni|date=ngày 4 tháng 8 năm 2015}}, na matiko ya 12 ya le Yuropa ku katsa na [[Ithali|Italy]] na [[Spaniya|Spain]] .  Xitsotswana lexi xi tiveka hi milenge ya ntima na yo basa na miri lowuntsongo, wo basa kumbe wa ntima (vona xifaniso).

Switsotswana swa ''[[Aedes albopictus]]'' switsakela ku hanya eka swihlahla na byanyi, ngopfu ngopfu etindhawini ta le makaya. Endzhaku ko mama ngati ya munhu loyi a vabyaka, ximanga xa xisati xi nga tlulela vuvabyi lebyi hi xihatla loko xi mama ngati ya munhu loyi a hanyeke kahle kutani xitsongwatsongwana xi andza eka ti salivary glands ta ximanga endzhaku ka masiku ya 8-10 yo mama ngati ya munhu loyi a hanyeke kahle. yi nga tlulela vuvabyi lebyi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vuvabyi bya dengue</title>
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      <id>38264</id>
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      <timestamp>2024-08-12T04:00:35Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Animematnao</username>
        <id>10789</id>
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      <text bytes="1447" sha1="2ohi3jpzxlphuwh1nh3a0kttvyhnq0w" xml:space="preserve">'''Dengue fever''' kumbe hi ku kongoma '''hi xitsongwatsongwana xa hemorrhagic fever''' i ntlawa wa mavabyi lama vangiwaka hi mindyangu yo hlayanyana ya switsongwatsongwana leyi landzelaka: ''[[Arenavirus]]'', ''[[Filoviridae]]'', ''[[Bunyaviridae]]'' na ''[[Flavivirus]]'', hakanyingi yi tiveka hi swikombiso swo katsa ku hisa ka miri, ku huma ngati na ku [[Phát ban|huma ka swirhumbana]] . [[Tinxaka]] tin’wana ta switsongwatsongwana tinga vanga mavabyi yo olova yofana na [[Scandinavian]] [[Sốt Nephropathia|Nephropathia fever]], kasi tin’wana tinga vanga mavabyi yo tika swinene, hambi kuri rifu, kufana na [[Lassa fever]], [[Virus Marburg|Marburg virus]], [[Xitsongwatsongwana xa vuvabyi bya Ebola|Ebola virus disease]], Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, [[Hantavirus]] (Korean hemorrhagic fever), [[Sốt xuất huyết Crimea-Congo|Crimea-Congo ku hisa ka miri loku humaka ngati]], na ku hisa ka ngati ka Dengue . Leri i ku hisa ka miri lokukulu na ku huma ngati, leswi nga vangiwa hi mintungu, chefu, mintungu kumbe hypothermia. Dengue fever yi tluleriwa hi switsotswana, ngopfu ngopfu Aedes.

Le Vietnam, ku ni tibiliyoni Nhlayo ya vanhu lava nga na malembe yo tlula 15 lava nga na vuvabyi bya dengue eswifundzheni swa le dzongeni yi tlakuke ku suka eka 35% hi 1999 ku ya eka 60% hi 2017. Hi ku ya hi madokodela lama hlawulekeke, leswi swa karhata swinene hikuva vanhu lavakulu lava nga ni vuvabyi bya dengue va tala ku fa ku tlula vana.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fufu</title>
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      <id>38538</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Ở châu Phi&quot; from the page &quot;[[:vi:Special:Redirect/revision/71483885|Fufu]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7715" sha1="cbo84c4i4a0b37d3hiweiubpxi9tnuf" xml:space="preserve">'''Fufu''' (kumbe '''fufuo''', '''foofoo''', '''foufou''' {{IPAc-en|'|f|u|,|f|u}} {{Respell|foo|foo}} {{pronunciation|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Izundu Okechukwu-Fufu.wav|listen|}} ) i muxaka wa khekhe leri nga tatiwangiki leri endliweke hi vuswa bya cereal kumbe banana na cassava leswi pfanganisiweke na mati ivi swi rhetela, leswi kumekaka eka swakudya [[eAfrika Vupeladyambu]] .   I rito ra Xitwi leri humaka eka vanhu va Akan va le [[Ghana]] . Rito leri ri ndlandlamuxiwile ku katsa tinxaka to hlayanyana leti kumekaka ematikweni man’wana [[Afrika|ya Afrika]], ku katsa na [[Siyera Liyona|Sierra Leone]], [[Gineya|Guinea]], [[Layiberiya|Liberia]], [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Benin]], [[Togo]], [[Nayjeriya|Nigeria]], [[Cameroon]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Riphabliki ra Democratic Congo]], [[Afrika Wale Xikarhi|Riphabliki ra Afrika Xikarhi]], [[Riphabliki ya Congo|Riphabliki ra Congo]], . [[Angola]] na [[Gaboni|Gabon]] . 

Hambi leswi switirhisiwa swosungula swa fufu kunga cassava, banana na taro, yam (Ghana), yitlhela yi endliwa hi tindlela tohambana hambana eka matiko yan’wana ya [[West Africa]]. Le Ghana, [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]] na [[Layiberiya|Liberia]], va tirhisa ndlela yo hlanganisa na ku ba xiphemu xin’wana na xin’wana xa cassava leyi virisiweke na banana ya rihlaza kumbe taro, kumbe hi ku hlanganisa cassava/[[banana]] kumbe taro powder na mati ivi va hlanganisa kahle ehenhla ka xitofu . Kutani ku enta ka khekhe ku lulamisiwa hi ku ya hi leswi munhu a swi tsakelaka naswona ri dyiwa ni supu leyi fanaka ni broth . E [[Nayjeriya|Nigeria]], fufu (akpu) yi endliwa ntsena kusuka eka cassava leyi virisiweke, hikokwalaho yina kufana loku hlawulekeke loko ku pimanyisiwa na matiko yan’wana yale West Africa. Yi dyiwa na supu yohambana hambana na matsavu, nyama yotala ya homu na nhlampfi.  Emalembeni ya sweswinyana, vuswa byin’wana, byo tanihi [[semolina]], cornstarch kumbe mashed banana, byi nga siva tapioca. Leswi swi tolovelekile eka vanhu va le matikweni mambe kumbe mindyangu leyi tshamaka etindhawini ta le madorobeni. Mindyangu yale makaya leyingana misava ya vurimi yaha hlayisa recipe yosungula yo tirhisa cassava. Hi ndzhavuko, Fufu yi dyiwa hi mavoko naswona bolo leyintsongo yinga cheriwa eka [[supu]] kumbe sauce leyi fambisanaka na yona.

== Le Afrika ==

Loko vaxavisi va Maputukezi vanga se nghenisa cassava e [[Afrika]] kusuka e Brazil eka lembe xidzana leri 16, fufu yi endliwa ngopfu kusuka eka taro, plantain na yam.  Ndlela ya ndzhavuko yo dya fufu i ku pfotlosa fufu yin’wana hi voko ra xinene kutani u yi endla bolo ya xirhendzevutani leyi olovaka ku yi mita, leyi endzhaku yi cheriwa eka supu loko yinga se dya.

=== Le Ivory Coast ===
Rito ''foutou'' ri tirhisiwa ngopfu [[Côte d'Ivoire|eIvory Coast]] . Ivorian ''foufou'' i plantain yo tsokombela leyi pfanganisiweke hi ndlela yo hlawuleka, kasi ''foutou'' i paste leyi fuweke swinene leyi endliweke kusuka eka swakudya swohambana hambana swa nkoka swofana na matamatisi, cassava, plantains, taro kumbe nkatsakanyo wa xin’wana na xin’wana xa swilo sweswo.

Eka tindzhawu leti vulavulaka Xifurwa ta [[Cameroon]], yivuriwa &quot; ''couscous'' &quot; (yi pfilunganyeka hiku olova na [[couscous]] ya swakudya swa Afrika N’walungu ). &lt;ref&gt;DeLancey, Mark W., and Mark Dike DeLancey (2000). ''Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon'', 3rd ed. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, p. 134.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hambileswi vanhu va le Vuxeni ni le Dzongeni wa Afrika va vonakaka va pfilunganya fufu (kumbe fufuo) ni swakudya swa mavele kumbe swa mavele leswi tiviwaka tanihi ''ugali'' kumbe ''nshima'', leswi a swi tano. Hinkwaswo swa fana kumbe ku vula ntiyiso, ''ugali'' kumbe ''nshima'' swinga kumeka e Ghana, laha swivuriwa ''akple'', ''nsihoo'' ( ''etsew'' handle ka corn bran) kumbe ''tuo zaafi'', leswi endliwaka hi vuswa bya mavele lebyi nga viriwangiki ku hambana na swin’wana Swakudya swin’wana swa mavele leswi virisiweke swikatsa ''etsew'', . ''dokuno'' ( ''kenkey'' ), ''banku'', ''fonfom'', exikarhi ka swin’wana eGhana.

=== Le Ghana ===
[[Tập_tin:Pounding_of_fufu.jpg|thumb|Ku endla fufu eGhana]]
Hi Twi, fufu kumbe fufuo swivula &quot;ku sila kumbe ku hlanganisa&quot;, swakudya swa nkoka leswi olovaka na mushy. Ku tshembiwa leswaku ri sungule laha sweswi ku vuriwaka [[Ghana]],  hi [[Người Ashante|vanhu va Ashante]], [[Người Akuapem|Akuapem]], [[Akyem]], [[Người Bono|Bono]] na [[Người Fante|Fante]] va rixaka ra Akan naswona sweswi ri amukeriwa ngopfu etikweni hinkwaro. Hi ku ya hi n'wamatimu Miller, &quot;rito Fufu hi ku kongoma ri vula mulungu hi Xitwi.&quot;  naswona swinga endleka yi huma eka muhlovo wo basa wa xiaki xa cassava eka fufu ya swakudya swa le Ghana. E Ghana, yi endliwa kusuka eka cassava leyi virisiweke na/kumbe ti tubers tin’wana tofana na plantain kumbe taro. Ngopfu-ngopfu yi biwa swin’we eka xikontiri xa mapulanga lexi endliwaka laha tikweni (woduro) hi ku tirhisa xibalesa xa mapulanga  (woma). Exikarhi ka ti punch, nkatsakanyo lowu wu hlanganisiwa hi mavoko naswona mati ya cheriwa hakatsongotsongo kufikela kuva nkatsakanyo wo olova, wo tsindziyela. Kutani nkatsakanyo lowu wu vumbiwa wuva xirhendzevutani xa plate kutani wu phameriwa. Ku tumbuluxiwa ka muchini wo endla fufu swi endle leswaku ku lunghiselela ku nga lavi ntirho wo tala swinene. Swakudya leswi humelelaka swi dyiwa na supu ya mati (nkwan) kufana na supu yo vevuka (nkrakra nkwan), [[abenkwan]] (supu ya ti palm nut), [[nkatenkwan]] (supu ya peanut butter) na supu ya abunubunu. Namuntlha, swakudya leswi swi tlhela swi kumeka eka [[Ẩm thực Bénin|swakudya swa le Benine]], [[Ẩm thực Cameroon|swakudya swa le Cameroon]], [[Ẩm thực Guinea|swakudya swa le Guinea]], [[Ẩm thực Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo|swakudya swa Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Ẩm thực Nigeria|swakudya swa le Nigeria]],  ni [[Ẩm thực Togo|swakudya swa le Togo]], leswi phameriwaka ni supu ya chili leyi nga ni swipayisisi, okra kumbe swin’wana leswi swekiweke. Ku duma ka Fufu eka xifundzhantsongo xa Afrika Vupeladyambu swi tsariwile eka matsalwa hi vatsari kusuka eka ndzhawu liya. Xikombiso, ku boxiwile eka ''[[Things Fall Apart]]'' hi Chinua Achebe :  Fufu a ku ri swakudya leswikulu swa Mfumo wa Ashanti .  E Ghana, fufu, leyi tivekaka tani hi fufuo, yi basa naswona ya namarhela (loko banana yinga hlanganisiwi na cassava loko yi tshoveriwa).

=== Le Nigeria ===
Le [[Nayjeriya|Nigeria]], ''fufu'' kumbe ''akpu'' i swakudya leswi dumeke leswi endliweke hi cassava leyintshwa kumbe leyi virisiweke. Vuhundzuluxeri bya Fufu bya le Nigeria byi hambanile ni bya le Ghana. Hambi swi ri tano i swakudya leswikulu ematikweni lawa hamambirhi.    Akpu, leyi peletiwaka kahle akpù, yi vula cassava hi ririmi ra Xiigbo . Swakudya leswi, leswi tekaka masiku yo hlaya ku lulamisiwa, i paste leyi tsakamaka leyi talaka ku dyiwa na supu ya egusi. Hi ndzhavuko, Akpu yi endliwa hiku hlantswa naku hlantswa cassava leyinga swekiwa kufikela yiva yo basa. Kutani, chela cassava ematini kuringana 3–4 wa masiku, cassava yita vila naswona yita olova.  Kutani yi sefiwa hiku tirhisa gourd kumbe sieve. Mati lawa yanga hundza ya hatlisa ya khuluka hiku chela nkatsakanyo lowu tsakamaka eka saka, laha ku vekiwaka nchumu wo tika, wa xiphepherhele (e.g. ti bodo na switina). Endzhaku ka sweswo, paste yi tshoveriwa kutani yi vumbiwa kuva yiva swirhendzevutani leswikulu, kutani yi swekiwa kuringana 30–60 wa tisekoni, kutani yi swekiwa kahle kuva yi papalata swirhumbana, yi vumbiwa kuva yiva swirhendzevutani leswintsongo, kutani yi virisiwa kuringana 10–15 wa timinete.  Swakudya leswi swi tsakeriwa swinene eNigeria hinkwaro, ngopfu-ngopfu eVuxeni. &lt;ref name=&quot;fao.org&quot; /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maxelo ya equatorial</title>
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      <id>38269</id>
      <parentid>38268</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-12T04:12:10Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Animematnao</username>
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'''Equatorial climate''', leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tani hi '''tropical rainforest climate''', i muxaka wa [[Tinguva|maxelo]] lawa ya tivekaka hi [[mahiselo]] yale henhla lembe hinkwaro (mahiselo yale henhla ya lembe na lembe ya tshama yari e henhla kutlula 25°C loko ya pimiwa eka tindzhawu tale henhla eka vuandlalo bya lwandle ) naswona ya lava ku tshamiseka lembe hinkwaro xirhendzevutani (amplitude ya ku cinca cinca ka mahiselo yile hansi ka 2°C), laha kungana mpfula yotala, leyi tolovelekeke nimadyambu naswona yitshamisekile eka kutlula 2,000&amp;nbsp;mm hi lembe. Ntshikelelo wa xibakabaka wu tshama wuri ehansi naswona ndzhongho wule henhla. Moya awu talanga swinene, handle ka loko ku humelela swidzedze kumbe swidzedze leswi fambelanaka na ntshikelelo wale hansi wa ndzhawu liya. Misava yi hlantswiwa kuva yi paluxa ti layers ta misava leyi humaka eka laterite leyingana muhlovo wotshuka (hikwalaho ka iron oxide II). Timinerali tin’wana leti n’okisiweke na tona ti hlantswiwa hi mpfula, kutani hi xitalo misava eka ndzhawu leyi ayi fuwi hi swakudya. Maxelo ya equatorial ya kombisiwa tani hi &quot; ''Af'' &quot; eka [[ku hlawuriwa ka maxelo ya Köppen]] .

Hiku angarhela, tindzhawu letingana muxaka lowu wa maxelo ti kumeka ekusuhi na equator, eka ti latitudes tale hansi swinene, na latitude range endzeni ka [[Đới lặng gió xích đạo|equatorial calm zone]] (ECZ), ndzhawu leyi mimoya ya mabindzu yi hungaka eka yona e n’walungu vuxa-dzonga vupela dyambu na dzonga vuxa-n’walungu vupela dyambu tlhelo. Swikombiso leswinene swa maxelo ya equatorial i tindzhawu ta le n’walungwini wa [[Amazon]] na Central Africa, laha kungana makhwati yo enta lawa yanga kusuhi naku nga ngheniwi. Eka ndzhawu leyi ya maxelo, kuna milambu yimbirhi leyikulu leyi khulukaka hi yona: [[nambu wa Amazon]] lowu khulukaka hi xiringaniso kutlula 150,000 m3/s na [[nambu wa Congo]] lowu khulukaka hi xiringaniso kutlula 40,000 m3/s. 
[[Tập_tin:River_in_the_Amazon_rainforest.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ndhawu ya Nambu wa Amazon yi ni maxelo ya equatorial.]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Windhoek ya le xihundleni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7133</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38271</id>
      <parentid>38270</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-12T04:20:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Animematnao</username>
        <id>10789</id>
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      <text bytes="1639" sha1="fksoqlbn8qn7w6z8ybzzvfji11x8b6h" xml:space="preserve">'''Windhoek''' ( {{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɪ|n|d|h|ʊ|k}}, ) .{{IPA|af|ˈvəntɦuk|lang|Af-Windhoek.oga|link=yes}}


{{IPA|af|ˈvəntɦuk|lang|Af-Windhoek.oga|link=yes}}
&lt;nowiki&gt;;&lt;/nowiki&gt; {{lang-de|Windhuk}} {{IPA|de|ˈvɪnthʊk||De-Windhoek.oga}}; {{lang-naq|ǀAi-ǁGams}}; {{lang-hz|Otjomuise}}) is the capital and largest city of [[Namibia]]. Yi kumeka exikarhi ka Namibia eka ndzhawu ya [[Khomas Highland]] plateau, kwalomu ka {{cvt|1700|m}} ehenhla ka vuandlalo bya lwandle, kwalomu ka kahle-kahle exikarhi ka ntivo-misava wa tiko. Nhlayo ya vaaki va Windhoek, leyi a yi ri 486,169 hi 2023,  yi tshama yi ri karhi yi kula hikwalaho ka ku rhurha loku yaka emahlweni ku suka eka swifundzha swin’wana eNamibia.
[[Category:Pages with Afrikaans IPA]]
[[Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations]]
Windhoek i ntsindza wa ntshamisano, [[ikhonomi]], tipolitiki na ndhavuko wa tiko. Kwalomu ka bindzu rin’wana ni rin’wana ra tiko ra Namibia, huvo ya mfumo, nhlangano wa dyondzo ni wa ndhavuko wu ni yindlu-nkulu kwalaho.

Doroba leri ri hluvukile endhawini leyi a ku ri ni xihlovo xo hisa xa nkarhi hinkwawo lexi tiviwaka hi tinxaka ta vurisi ta kwalaho. Yi hluvukile hiku hatlisa endzhaku ka loko [[Jonker Afrikane]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;r, [[Captain wa Orlam]], atshamile kona hi 1840 kutani a aka kereke ya maribye ya vaaki va yena. Eka makume ya malembe lama landzeleke, tinyimpi to tala ni nyimpi leyi hlomeke swi endle leswaku ndhawu leyintshwa yo tshama eka yona yi honisiwa ni ku lovisiwa. Windhoek yi simekiwile ra vumbirhi hi 1890 hi Major Curt von François ya Vuthu ra Mfumo ra Jarimani, loko ndhawu leyi yi tekiwile hi Mfumo wa Jarimani .</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xiharhi lexi vuriwaka Schoenoplectus oligosetus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38273</id>
      <parentid>38272</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-12T04:26:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Animematnao</username>
        <id>10789</id>
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      <text bytes="185" sha1="pbo6m6ai8z9vt71kg7kkjl4z1xsqdjy" xml:space="preserve">'''''Schoenoplectus oligosetus''''' i muxaka [[wa ximilani xa swiluva]] eka [[ndyangu wa Sedge]] . Muxaka lowu wu hlamuseriwa rosungula hi sayense hi (AEKozhevn.) [[TVEgorova]] hi 2005.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chafer</title>
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    <id>7135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38389</id>
      <parentid>38388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-14T03:24:40Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Chimuoiba</username>
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      <text bytes="3621" sha1="hwo9toppbiddtnjvs8ebinxzx5n0jey" xml:space="preserve">'''Chafer''', beetle, '''weevil''', '''earthworm''', '''white grub''' '''kumbe''' '''ground''' beetle ( [[vito ra sayense]] : '''''Holotrichia sauteri''''' &lt;ref name=&quot;col103862&quot;&gt;Moser J. (1912) Neue arten der Melolonthiden-gattungen Holotrichia und Pentelia, Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique. Bruxelles 56:420-449&lt;/ref&gt; ) i muxaka wa xitsotswana eka ndyangu lowuntsongo wa [[Melolonthinae]], lowu hlamuseriweke hi Moser hi 1912.  &lt;ref name=&quot;source&quot;&gt;''Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database''. Schoolmeesters P., 2011-05-30&lt;/ref&gt;

Le [[Vietnam]], switsotswana swa muxaka lowu swi vuriwa '''co dong''' hi [[vanhu va Co Tu]] .

== Xihlawulekisi ==

Ti chafer beetles ati hlaseli eka swirhabyani swa misinya, kambe ti cela misava ehansi ka nsinya kutani ti veka matandza ya tona kona. Loko matandza ya tshoveka yava switsotswana, yata dlaya timintsu hinkwato ta swimilani. Chafer beetle ya xisati yita tirhisa milenge ya yona [[ku cela]] ndzhawu yale kusuhi na timintsu ta misinya, kutani yi veka kwalomu ka 15-17 wa matandza kwalaho kutani yi phaphama timpapa ta yona leswaku yita haha ekule. Ndzhawu leyi hlawuriweke hi ntolovelo i ti riverside [[mudflats]] kumbe tindzhawu ta misava ya sandi letingana matluka yotala, kumbe etlhelo ka swintshabyana.

Matandza yana xivumbeko xa xirhendzevutani, kwalomu ka 2 - 3mm hi vukulu. Matandza ya etlela swinene ehansi ka misava, naswona ya tshoveka endzhaku ka kwalomu ka 10 - 15 wa masiku.

Switsotswana leswi tshoveriweke swita sungula ku luma swimilani, ntirho wa swona wotsakisa i ku dya timintsu ta swimilani. Vukulu bya yona bya xikarhi byikulu kufana na rintiho lerintsongo, naswona byita hi mihlovo yo basa ya ivory, blue white kumbe yellow. Miri wuna 3 wa ti pair ta milenge. Hiku angarhela, switsotswana swa Earthworm swifana hi 99% na King Ants. Switeka kwalomu ka lembe rin’we (270 - 300 wa masiku) leswaku switsotswana swa chafer beetle swiva na pupate. Nkarhi wa vona &quot;eku tumbeleni&quot; ku nga vuriwa leswaku i lembe xidzana Exikarhi ka tinxaka ta switsotswana leswi nga kona eVietnam.

Kusukela loko groundworm yisungula ku humesa cocoon ya yona kuva yiva pupate, switeka kwalomu ka 10 - 15 wa masiku kuva yi hetisa cocoon ya yona. Naswona switeka kwalomu ka 20 - 30 wa masiku kuva yi molt hiku hetiseka naku haha kusuka eka cocoon. Xisweswo, xiteji xa pupal xa groundworm na xona xi lehe swinene, kwalomu ka 40 - 45 wa masiku.

Kumbexana xirhendzevutani hinkwaxo xa vutomi bya ti chafer beetles xitshama ehansi swinene ka misava, hikokwalaho vutomi bya ti chafer beetles letikulu hi ntolovelo byi komile swinene, ehansi ka nhweti. Minkarhi yin’wana n’wana u hanya tin’hweti tin’wana ta 1 kumbe timbirhi.

== Vavisa ==

Swimilani leswi hlaseriwaka hi ti leafhoppers swikatsa chukele, mavele (mavele), ginger, sweet potatoes, gourds, .sw.sw..Nkarhi lowu switsotswana swi wu hetaka swi tumbele na swona i nkarhi lowu ntshovelo wu lahlekeke ha wona hikwalaho ka majaha lawa. Muxaka lowu wa tika ku wu tshungula loko wu pimanisiwa na [[tinjiya ta king]] na [[ti coconut weevils]], hikuva swisaka swa tona switala kuva ehansi swinene ehansi ka misava, ekusuhi na timintsu. Ku yi cela leswaku u yi khoma swi fana ni ku cela murhi hinkwawo. Kuya hi van’wamapurasi van’wana, loko ku lulamisela misava yo byala swibyariwa (sugarcane, corn...) swa laveka ku hlanganisa misava na murhi wo hlawuleka, leswaku loko switsotswana swihumeka endzhaku, swita fa. Hambiswiritano, ndlela leyi yi tirha ntsena eka kwalomu ka 1 kumbe 2 wa swibyariwa. Endzhakunyana, swidzidzirisi leswi a swi ri emisaveni swi hunguteke hakatsongo-tsongo naswona swi hlasele ngopfu.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gondzo ro hakela</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7136</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38277</id>
      <parentid>38276</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-12T04:32:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Animematnao</username>
        <id>10789</id>
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      <text bytes="3094" sha1="9nnomz3t2231g84rw2umpb00zgzxn5j" xml:space="preserve">[[File:SR_417_University_Toll_Plaza.jpg|right|thumb|Ku hlengeleta mali yo hakela eka [[SR 417]] ekusuhi na Orlando, Florida, United States. Leswi swi kombisa tindlela timbirhi leti tolovelekeke to hlengeleta tihakelo: [[ndhawu yo hakela]] (exineneni) na ku hlengeleta tihakelo ta xielekitironiki (eximatsini).]]

'''Gondzo ro hakela''', leri tlhelaka ri tiviwa tani hi '''turnnpike''' kumbe '''tollway''', i patu ra mani na mani kumbe ra phurayivhete (kwalomu ka minkarhi hinkwayo i [[freeway]] kusukela hiva 1940s) leri mali (kumbe ''[[toll]]'' ) yi kamberiwaka eka ku hundza. I xivumbeko xa nxavo wa magondzo lexi hi ntolovelo xi tirhisiwaka ku pfuneta ku vuyisa swibalo swa ku akiwa na ku hlayisa magondzo .

Magondzo lama hakeriwaka ma ve kona hi ndlela yo karhi ku sukela khale, laha ku hakeriwaka mali leyi hakeriwaka eka vafambi lava hundzaka hi milenge, hi golonyi kumbe hi tihanci; mukhuva lowu yeke emahlweni ni timovha, naswona tindlela to tala ta manguva lawa to hakela tihakela mali ya timovha ntsena. Hi ntolovelo mali leyi hakeriwaka ya hambana hi muxaka wa movha, ntiko kumbe nhlayo ya ti- axle, laha tilori leti rhwalaka nhundzu hakanyingi ti hakeriwaka mali yo tala ku tlula timovha.
 
Hakanyingi tihakelo ti hlengeletiwa etindhawini to hakela, etindhawini to hakela, etindlwini to hakela, eswitichini swo hakela, etibara to hakela, eka swisirhelelo swo hakela kumbe etigedeni to hakela. Tindhawu tin’wana to hlengeleta tihakelo ti tirha hi ku tisungulela, naswona mutirhisi u veka mali eka muchini lowu pfulaka gede loko ku hakeriwa mali leyi faneleke. Ku hunguta ku durha na ku hunguta ku hlwela ka nkarhi, tihakelo to tala ti hlengeletiwa hi switirhisiwa swa xielekitironiki swo hlengeleta tihakelo leswi hi ku tisungulela swi vulavurisana na transponder ya muhakeri wa tihakelo kumbe ku tirhisa ku lemuka tinomboro-plate hi ku tisungulela ku hakela vachayeri hi ku debita tiakhawunti ta vona.

Ku sola magondzo yo hakela swi katsa nkarhi lowu tekiwaka ku yima ni ku hakela mali yo hakela, ni mali ya vafambisi va tindhawu to hakela—ku fika kwalomu ka n’we-xa-nharhu xa mali leyi nghenaka eka swiyimo swin’wana. Tisisiteme to hakela tihakelo leti tirhaka hi ku tisungulela ti pfuna ku hunguta leswi haswimbirhi. Van'wana va kaneta ku hakela &quot;kambirhi&quot; eka patu rin'we: eka swibalo swa mafurha na hi tihakelo.

Ku engetela eka magondzo yo hakela, mabuloho yo hakela na tithanele to hakela swi tlhela swi tirhisiwa hi valawuri va mfumo ku tumbuluxa mali yo hakela mali yo aka swivumbeko. Tihakelo tin’wana ti vekeriwe etlhelo ku hakela ku hlayisiwa kumbe ku ndlandlamuxiwa ka switirhisiwa swa nkarhi lowu taka, kumbe ti tirhisiwa tanihi nkwama wo angarhela hi mimfumo ya miganga, ku nga vekeriwanga switirhisiwa swa vutleketli. Leswi minkarhi yin’wana swi pimiwile kumbe swi yirisiwile hi milawu ya mfumo wa le xikarhi. Nakambe, swikimi swa nxavo wa ku hlangana ka magondzo swi tirhisiwile eka nhlayo leyi pimiweke ya tindhawu ta le madorobeni tanihi xitirhisiwa xa vulawuri bya xilaveko xa swo famba ku ringeta ku hunguta ku tala ka timovha na ku thyakisa moya .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tiziano Sclavi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38279</id>
      <parentid>38278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-12T06:31:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Auraecarve</username>
        <id>10790</id>
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      <text bytes="673" sha1="oiiki49bo2pidibursgsn2bzvu9g577" xml:space="preserve">'''Tiziano Sclavi''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 3 Hukuri 1953) i mutsari wa tibuku ta tikhomiki wa le Italy, muteki wa mahungu na mutsari wa tinovhele to hlaya. Sclavi u dume ngopfu tanihi muvumbi wa buku ya tikhomiki ''[[leyi nge Dylan Dog]]'' hi 1986, eka khampani yo kandziyisa [[Ithali|ya le Italy]] Sergio Bonelli Editore . Minkandziyiso yo tlula 300 yi humelerile eka nxaxamelo lowu, lowu xavisiweke timiliyoni ta tikopi. Yi vile hi ku tirhisana na vatshila vo hlayanyana, ku katsa na [[Claudio Villa]], Corrado Roi, [[Gustavo Trigo]], Carlo Ambrosini, Luigi Piccatto, [[Angelo Stano]], Mike Mignola, [[Andrea Venturi]], [[Giampiero  Casertano]] na [[Bruno Brindisi]] .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yunivhesiti ya Xavier</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38356</id>
      <parentid>38355</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-13T05:56:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chimuoiba</username>
        <id>10793</id>
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      <text bytes="12736" sha1="8lf6q5tabj7gmlf1in35e6c3obklh3w" xml:space="preserve">'''Yunivhesiti ya Xavier''' ( {{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|eɪ|v|j|ər}} {{Respell|ZAY|vyure}}    ) i yunivhesiti ya phurayivhete ya Majesuit eCincinnati, Ohio. I yunivhesiti ya vutsevu ya Khatoliki ni ya vumune ya khale swinene ya Majesuit eUnited States.  Xavier u na ku tsarisa ka undergraduate ka 4,455 wa swichudeni na graduate ku tsarisa ka 1,193 wa swichudeni.  Endlelo ra xikolo ri katsa khamphasi leyikulu eCincinnati, [[Ohio]], xikan’we na tindhawu ta miganga ta nongonoko wa [[Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing|Accelerated Bachelor of Sciencein Nursing]] (ABSN) [[eColumbus]] na [[Cleveland]].

Yunivhesiti ya Xavier ngopfu-ngopfu i xikolo xa undergraduate, xa vutshila bya ntshunxeko . Yi nyika dyondzo eka ndhavuko wa Majesuit, lowu kandziyisaka ku dyondza hi ku tirhisa vukorhokeri bya vaaki, tikhoso to hambana na ku nghenelela ka ripfumelo, ntivo-vukwembu, filosofi na tidyondzo ta mahanyelo.

Swipano swa swa mintlangu swa Xavier, leswi tiviwaka tanihi XavierMusketeers, swi phikizana eka [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) Division I level eka Big East Conference .

== Matimu ==

[[File:Historical_Collections_of_Ohio-_An_Encyclopedia_of_the_State;_History_Both_General_and_Local,_Geography_with_Descriptions_of_Its_Counties,_Cities_and_Villages,_Its_Agricultural,_Manufacturing,_Mining_(14772984405).jpg|right|thumb|Kereke ya St. Xavier, ndhawu yo tshama ya bixopo, na Kholichi ya St. Xavier hi 1848]]
Yunivhesiti ya Xavier i Yunivhesiti ya vumune ya khale swinene ya Majesuit naswona i yunivhesiti ya vutsevu ya khale ya Khatoliki eUnited States.  Xikolo lexi xi simekiwile hi 1831  tani hi kholichi ya vavanuna exikarhi ka doroba ra [[Cincinnati]] ekusuhi na Kereke ya St. Francis Xavier eSycamore Street. Athenaeum, hilaha a yi vitaniwa hakona hi nkarhi wolowo, yi nyiketeriwe ku seketeriwa hi Mukwetsimi Francis Xavier hi Bixopo Edward Fenwick hi October 17, 1831.  Hi xikombelo xa Bishop [[John Baptist Purcell]], [[Society of Jesus]] yi teke vulawuri bya The Athenaeum hi 1840, naswona vito ri cinciwile ri va St. Xavier College ku xixima murhumiwa wa lembe xidzana ra vu-16 wa Mujesuit [[Spaniya|wa le Spain]], St. [[Francis Xavier]] loyi, ku fana na musunguri ya Majesuit, [[Ignatius Loyola]], a a ri [[Munavarrese]] wa le Spain .

Kholichi ya St. Xavier yi rhurhele hi 1912 eka ndhawu ya yona ya sweswi ya le Evanston, kwalomu ka {{Convert|5|mi|km}} en’walungwini wa ntsindza wa Cincinnati, endzhaku ko xava {{Convert|26|acres|km2}}   ku suka eka Xipano xa Mintlangu xa Avondale.  Anthenaeum ya &quot;ku sungula&quot; sweswi i xikolo xa vufundhisi xa Archdiocese ya Cincinnati . Kholichi ya St. Xavier na Xikolo xa le Henhla xa St. Xavier swi hambanile ximfumo hi 1919, hambi leswi va nga tiyimelangiki hi tlhelo ra timali ku fikela hi 1934. Vito ra xikolo lexi ri cinciwile ra vumbirhi ri va vito ra xona ra sweswi, Xavier University, hi 1930. 

Xavier u amukele vavasati hi ku helela ku sukela hi 1969, kambe vavasati va sungule ku nghena kholichi hi 1914 eka swiyenge swa xikolo xa nimadyambu, mahelo-vhiki na ximumu.  [[Edgecliff College]], kholichi yin’wana ya Khatoliki eCincinnati, yi hlanganisiwe na Yunivhesiti ya Xavier hi 1980. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=295}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Khamphasi ==

[[File:XavierUniversityGallagherStudentCenter.jpg|right|thumb|Ntsindza wa Swichudeni wa Gallagher]]
Khamphasi leyi yi hlanganisa kwalomu {{Convert|205|acre|km2}}    eDorobeni ra [[Cincinnati]] (xifundzha xa Evanston). Exikarhi ka khamphasi kuna Gallagher Student Center na Bellarmine Chapel. Fulelo ra Bellarmine Chapel rina xivumbeko xa hyperbolic paraboloid, leyi tlhelaka yitiveka tani hi [[saddle roof]], leyingata wa hambiloko marhangu ya Chapel ya susiwile.  Chapel yitlhela yiva kaya ra vaaki va pherixi lava tirhaka lava tiyimeleke hi voxe eka yunivhesiti. 

=== Mall ya swa tidyondzo ===
Miako ya tsevu leyi nga na [[vumaki bya xigodlho]] yi languta ehenhla ka Victory parkway eka tlhelo rin’we ra Academic Mall: Lindner Hall (kaya ra Ndzawulo ya Fizikisi),  Logan Hall (kaya ra Ndzawulo ya Tikhemikhali),  Albers Hall (kaya ra Biology Ndzawulo),  Hinkle Hall (kaya ra Tindzawulo ta Tinhlayo, Sayense ya Tikhompyuta, Xinghezi, Matimu, Filosofi na Ntivo-vukwembu),  Schmidt Hall (yi na tihofisi ta Vulawuri bya Yunivhesiti)  na Edgecliff Hall (kaya ra... Ndzawulo ya Vuyimbeleri). 

Xiphemu xin’wana xa Academic mall xi katsa miako yinharhu: Walter Schott Hall (kaya ra Hofisi ya ku Amukeriwa, Hofisi ya Mpfuneto wa swa Timali na Tindzawulo ta Tindzimi ta Manguvala, Tikhasiki, Vutshila bya Vuhlanganisi, Sayense ya Tipolitiki na Ntivo-vutomi),  Layiburari ya McDonald ( kaya ra Layiburari ya Yunivhesiti na Tiarchive)  na Alter Hall (muako lowukulu wa tlilasi ekhampasini). 

Our Lady of Peace Chapel yi rhurhiseriwe eka Academic Mall hi 2018. Eku sunguleni yi akiwile hi 1938 hi Charles F. na Elizabeth R. Williams endhawini ya vona eDorobeni ra Anderson, ndhawu ya vugandzeri leyi nga ni switulu swa 22 sweswi yi kumeka ehandle ka Dana Avenue emakumu ya le vupela-dyambu bya Academic Mall. 

=== Quad ya swa tidyondzo ===
Academic Quad, leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tani hi Hoff Quad, yi le vuxeni bya Academic Mall. Yi katsa miako yinharhu: Conaton Learning Commons (kaya ra vukorhokeri bya nseketelo wa swa tidyondzo),  Smith Hall (kaya ra Williams College of Business)  na Hailstones Hall (muako wa ndhavuko wa tlilasi). 

=== Mall ya vutshamo ===
[[File:Justice_Hall,_Xavier_University.jpg|thumb|Justice Hall, yin’wana ya [[tiholo letikulu to tshama eka]] tona ta yunivhesiti]]
Residential Mall, en’walungwini wa Academic mall, yi katsa mune wa tiholo ta vutshamo ta vadyondzi va le hansi: Brockman Hall,  Buenger Hall,  Kuhlman Hall  na Husman Hall.  Ndzhawu ya swikongomelo hinkwaswo eka swichudeni na swiendlakalo exikarhi ka Kuhlman, Husman na Gallagher yivuriwa &quot;The Xavier Yard.&quot;

Muako wa vutshamo lowu vuriwaka Justice Hall (khale a wu tiviwa tanihi Fenwick Place  ) wu pfuriwile hi xixika xa 2011 edzongeni wa Residential Mall. I kaya ra ndhawu yo dyela ya khamphasi ku engetela eka ku nyika tindlu eka swichudeni swa xiyimo xa le henhla.

=== Khamphasi ya le Vupeladyambu ===
Khamphasi ya le vupela-dyambu yi le tlhelo ra vupela-dyambu bya Victory Parkway. Switirhisiwa swa mintlangu swi katsa [[J. Page Hayden Field]], Corcoran Soccer Field, Schmidt Fieldhouse  na Heidt Champion Center (khale ka O’Connor Recreational Center). 

Miako ya dyondzo yi katsa: St. Barbara Hall na Armory (kaya ra nongonoko wa Xavier wa ROTC),  Joseph Hall (Kaya ra Ndzawulo ya Dyondzo na Dyondzo ya Mintlangu)  na Elet Hall (kaya ra Ndzawulo ya Miehleketo). 

=== Khamphasi ya le Vuxeni ===
[[Cintas Center]], laha [[Musketeers]] yi khomaka mintlangu ya yona [[ya basketball]], yi le kusuhi na Residential Mall. Ku engetela eka ndhawu ya mintlangu ya switulu swa 10,250, Cintas yi tlhela yi katsa Schiff Conference Center na James na Caroline Duff Banquet Center. AB Cohen Center, leyi kumekaka etlhelo ka ndzhawu yo paka kusuka eka Cintas Center, i kaya ra Ndzawulo ya Vutshila na Xavier Art Gallery.

Muako wa Health United wu pfuriwile hi 2019.  Yi kumeka exikarhi ka Xitichi xa Yunivhesiti na Tifulete ta Commons, ndhawu leyi yi na senthara ya vuhungasi, senthara ya rihanyo na vuhlayiseki leyi ndlandlamuxiweke, na switirhisiwa swa tlilasi na tilabu ta minongonoko ya ntlhanu ya dyondzo: Vuongori, Vutshunguri bya Ntirho, Vufambisi bya Vukorhokeri bya Rihanyo, Dyondzo ya Mintlangu na Thekinoloji ya Radiology.

== Faculty leyi xiyekaka ==

* [[Arthur J. Dewey]], mudyondzi wa Testamente Leyintshwa
* [[John J. Gilligan]], Xirho xa Khongirese na Holobye wa Ohio
* [[Paul F. Knitter]], mutivi wa vukhongeri
* [[Richard Polt]], mudyondzi wa Heidegger ; mutsakeri wa muchini wo thayipa hi voko
* [[Henry Heimlich]], &quot;musunguri&quot; wa Heimlich Maneuver, Profesa wa Sayense ya Tliliniki ya le Henhla 1977–89
* [[Boris Podolsky]], mutivi wa fizikisi na &quot;muvumbi&quot; wa paradox ya EPR
* [[Norman Finkelstein]], mutlhokovetseri na muxopaxopi wa matsalwa

== Swidyondzeki ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright sortable collapsible&quot;
|+ style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot; |Xivumbeko xa ntlawa wa swichudeni ku sukela hi May 2, 2022
!Rixaka na rixaka 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; |Hinkwaswo
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic whites|Basa]]
|align=right| {{bartable|75|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
|[[African Americans|Ntima]]
|align=right| {{bartable|10|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Xipaniya xa Xipaniya]]
|align=right| {{bartable|6|%|2||background:green}}
|-
|Other{{efn|Other consists of [[Multiracial Americans]] &amp; those who prefer to not say.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|5|%|2||background:brown}}
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Xi-Asia]]
|align=right| {{bartable|3|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
|[[Foreign national|Muakatiko wa matiko mambe]]
|align=right| {{bartable|1|%|2||background:orange}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; |[[Economic diversity|Ku hambana ka ikhonomi]]
|-
|[[American lower class|Low-income]]{{efn|The percentage of students who received an income-based federal [[Pell grant]] intended for low-income students.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|15|%|2||background:red}}
|-
|[[Affluence in the United States|Affluent]]{{efn|The percentage of students who are a part of the [[American middle class]] at the bare minimum.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|85|%|2||background:black}}
|}

=== Ti-major na ti-minor ===
Yunivhesiti ya Xavier yi na ku tlula 90 wa ti majors ta undergraduate na 40 wa minongonoko ya graduate endzeni ka Kholichi ya Vutshila na Sayense, Kholichi ya Sayense ya Xiphurofexinali, Kholichi ya Vuongori na Kholichi ya Mabindzu ya Williams.  Tidyondzo letikulu ti katsa vuongori, mabindzu, sayense ya vutshunguri bya swilo leswi hanyaka, ntivo-miehleketo, ntivo-vutomi, sayense yo lavisisa, ku endla vutiolori, vufambisi bya mintlangu, ku xavisiwa ka mintlangu na timali. Swichudeni hinkwaswo swi fanele ku hetisa kharikhulamu ya nkoka (vona laha hansi). 

=== Swiyimo swa xiyimo ===

* Xavier yi vekiwile eka xiyimo xa Nomboro ya 166 exikarhi ka tiyunivhesiti ta tiko hi ''US News &amp; World Report'' eka nkandziyiso wa yona wa 2022-23 wa xiviko xa ''America’s Best Colleges'' . 
* ''[[Forbes]]'' yi veke Xavier eka xiyimo xa #492 exikarhi ka ‘Tikholichi ta yona ta le Henhla eAmerika’ ta 2022 
* ''[[Princeton Review]]'' yi veke Xavier exikarhi ka ‘Tikholichi ta yona ta 378 to antswa eAmerika’ ta 2022 
* ''[[Niche]]'' u veke Xavier eka xiyimo xa #6 xa Kholichi ya Khatoliki eOhio ya 2023
* ''US News &amp; World Report'' yi veke Xavier eka xiyimo xa #23 eka ‘Minongonoko ya kahle ya Vuxopaxopi bya Mabindzu ya Undergraduate eTikweni’ ya 2022-23 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''US News &amp; World Report'' yi veke Xavier eka xiyimo xa #25 eka ‘Nongonoko wo Antswa wa Vumaki bya Tidigiri ta le Hansi eTikweni’ ra 2022-23 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''US News &amp; World Report'' yi veke Xavier eka xiyimo xa #29 eka ‘Minongonoko yo Antswa ya Vuxavisi bya Tidigiri ta le Hansi eTikweni’ ra 2022-23 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''US News &amp; World Report'' yi veke Xavier eka xiyimo xa #36 eka ‘Minongonoko ya Timali ya le Henhla ya Tidigiri ta le Henhla eTikweni’ ya 2022-23 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''US News &amp; World Report'' yi veke Xavier eka xiyimo xa #54 eka ‘Nongonoko wo Dyondzisa wa le Henhla wa Undergraduate Exikarhi ka Tiyunivhesiti ta Rixaka’ wa 2022-23 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

[[File:XavierUniversitySmithHall.jpg|thumb|Smith Hall, leyi nga na Kholichi ya Mabindzu ya Williams]]

=== Kharikhulamu ya nkoka ===
Swichudeni swa tidyondzo ta le hansi leswi nghenaka eka Xavier swi fanele ku hetisisa nhlayo ya nkoka ya swilaveko swa ku hangalasiwa leswi tivekaka ngopfu tanihi Kharikhulamu ya Nkoka. Ku na tikhoso leti lavekaka eka: Ntivo-vukwembu, [[Ntivo-vuhleketi|Filosofi]], [[Dyondzo-Tinhlayo|Tinhlayo]], Vutshila byo saseka, Matimu, Sayense ya Miri, [[Vutsari|Matsalwa]], Ririmi ra Vumbirhi, na [[Sayensi ya mahanyele|Sayense ya Ntshamisano]] .

=== Tindzima ta nhlangano wo xiximeka ===
Xavier u na tindzima to hlaya ta nhlangano wo xiximeka, ku katsa na:

* [[Alpha Sigma Nu]], nhlangano wo xiximeka wa swivandla swa dyondzo ya le henhla swa Majesuit 
* [[Beta Alpha Psi]], nhlangano wo xiximeka wa swichudeni swa vuxokoxoko bya swa timali na vatirhi va xiphurofexinali 
* [[Beta Gamma Sigma]], nhlangano wa matiko ya misava wa ku xixima lowu tirhelaka minongonoko ya mabindzu leyi amukeriweke hi AACSB International 
* [[Phi Beta Kappa]], nhlangano wa xiyimo xa le henhla wa ku xixima lowu nga kona endzeni ka 10% ntsena wa tiyunivhesiti 
* [[Mortar Board]], nhlangano wa rixaka wo xixima lowu amukelaka vadyondzi lavakulu va le kholichi 
* [[Eta Sigma Phi]], nhlangano wo xixima lowu kongomisiweke eka ku hlayisa ku tsakela na vutivi eka Dyondzo ya Xikhale.
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyeleti ya Preon</title>
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      <text bytes="1340" sha1="rwm8y4lwlpefxjlnzwa5thn95xk7xom" xml:space="preserve">'''Nyeleti ya preon'''  (leyi tlhelaka yi vuriwa '''quasi-black hole''', '''grey hole''' kumbe '''grate''' ) i muxaka wa [[nyeleti ya compact]] hi theoretically leyi vumbiweke hi ti preons, leti nga &quot;point-like&quot; particles leti vumbiweke tani hi swiphemu swa vumbirhi swa ti [[quarks]] na [[Leptons]] .  Vukona bya tona byi sungule ku ringanyetiwa hi 2005 hi Fredrik Sandin na Johan Hansson, havambirhi va huma eYunivhesiti ya Thekinoloji ya Luleå, [[Sweden|eSweden]] .  Xiringanyeto lexi nga endzhaku ka tona hileswaku swiphemuphemu swa subatomic a swi ta va swi humelerile emahlweni ka swiphemuphemu swa subatomic, leswi humeleleke emahlweni ka swiphemuphemu, naswona tinyeleti eku sunguleni ti tumbuluxiwile hi swiphemu leswi swa subatomic, laha ngopfu-ngopfu hakatsongo-tsongo ti tumbuluxiweke hi swiphemu leswitsongo, ivi endzhaku ti tumbuluxiwa hi swiphemu-phemu. Hambiswiritano, mianakanyo yi ringanyeta leswaku ku nga ha va ka ha ri ni tinyeleti tin’wana leti endliweke hi swiphemu-phemu leswi nga ehansi ka athomo.  Ku tshembiwa leswaku tinga tlhela ti vumbiwa kusuka eka tinyeleti letikulu leti tshovekeke letinga tshamisekangiki ngopfu kuva ti hundzuka tinyeleti ta nyutroni, kambe tinga tshamisekanga ngopfu kuva ti hundzuka ti black holes. &lt;ref name=&quot;PDF&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis}}
[[Thể loại:Lỗi CS1: thiếu tựa đề]]&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xifundzha xa Hậu Giang</title>
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      <text bytes="1425" sha1="70pz203vs7wm3ebf6vdbgm3pz74yh9h" xml:space="preserve">'''Hậu Giang''' is a province located in the Mekong Delta region in the southern part of [[Vietnam]]. [[Vị Thanh]] i ntsindza.
[[Category:Pages with Vietnamese IPA]]
[[Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations]]

== Matimu ==
[[File:Thị_trấn_Nàng_Mau,_Vị_Thủy,_Hậu_Giang.jpg|left|thumb|Doroba ra Nàng Mau, exifundzheni xa Vị Thủy]]
Kufikela loko Nyimpi ya Vietnam yi hela hi 1975, xifundzha  lexi axi katsa doroba ra Cần Thơ leri ari ri ntsindza wa xifundzha. Hi 1975, xifundzha lexi xi thyiwile vito lerintshwa ra [[Cần Thơ]] province, laha doroba ra Cần Thơ ra ha ri ntsindza. Eku heleni ka 2004, Cần Thơ ni madoroba man’wana lama rhendzeleke ma ve masipala wa Cần Thơ (Thành Phố Cần Thơ). Xifundzha lexi seleke xa Cần Thơ xi hundzuke xifundzha xa Hậu Giang.

Hậu Giang yina ndzhawu ya ti indasitiri ya 902 ha. Ku ni 120&amp;nbsp;km ya magondzo ya tiko: National Highway 61 (leyi yisaka eka National Highway 1, leyi hundzaka hi Masipala wa Cần Thơ [[eNambyeni wa Hậu]] ku ya [[Ho Chi Minh City|eDorobeni ra Ho Chi Minh]] ), na ku hlanganisiwa ka mati hi mugerho na nambu ku ya eNambyeni wa Hậu.

Ku ringanyetiwa leswaku 80% wa xifundzhankulu xi ta va ehansi ka mati endzhaku ka {{Convert|0.5|m}} ku tlakuka ka vuandlalo bya lwandle loko ku pimanisiwa na ku tlakuka ka misava ya sweswi, leswi hungutaka hi ku famba ka nkarhi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=3847}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Timbyana leti nga enyimpini</title>
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      <text bytes="858" sha1="k3bajmilfyx9g9axok05sdsy7qksvt1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:U.S._Air_Force_military_working_dog_Jackson_sits_on_a_U.S._Army_M2A3_Bradley_Fighting_Vehicle_before_heading_out_on_a_mission_in_Kahn_Bani_Sahd,_Iraq,_Feb._13,_2007.jpg|thumb|Mu -Belgian Malinois wa Vuthu ra le Moyeni ra le United States, hi movha wa nyimpi wa M2A3 Bradley, a nga si kongoma eka vurhumiwa eKahn Bani Sahd, [[Iraq]], hi February 13, 2007]]
[[File:Garnisonen_i_Sør-Varanger_dog.jpg|thumb|Mbyana ya [[Garrisonya Sør-Varanger]] hi nkarhi wa ku khomiwa loku tekeriweke]]
Timbyana ti ni matimu yo leha swinene ya nyimpi, ku sukela eminkarhini [[ya khale]] . Ku sukela eka ku leteriwa enyimpini, ku ya eka ku tirhisiwa ka tona tanihi vahloti, varindzi, [[varhumiwa]], [[timbyana ta tintswalo]], na [[valandzeri]], matirhiselo ya tona ya hambanile naswona man’wana ya ha ya emahlweni ya va kona eka matirhiselo ya manguva lawa ya masocha.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xiphemu xa le dzongeni xa N’weti</title>
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      <text bytes="3465" sha1="tdrtrcz2wh1gh0ei1ep63hyn6ftg3f9" xml:space="preserve">'''Lunar south pole''' i ndzhawu yale dzongeni swinene eka N’weti, eka 90° e dzongeni. Yi tsakisa ngopfu vativi va sayense hikwalaho ka vukona bya ayisi ya mati etindhawini leti [[Hố bóng tối vĩnh cửu|nga ni munyama hilaha ku nga heriki]] leti yi rhendzeleke. Ndhawu ya N’weti ya le dzongeni wa polar yi ni swirhendzevutana swo hlawuleka hileswi ku vonakala ka dyambu loku lavaka ku va loku nga heriki a ku nge fiki endzeni ka tona. Ti craters to tano ti tirha tani hi [[Bẫy lạnh (thiên văn học)|swirhalanganyi swo titimela]] leswi hlayisaka swisayini swa fossil swa [[hydrogen]], ayisi ya mati, na swin’wana leswinga cinca cinca leswinga sungula ekusunguleni ka fambiselo ra dyambu .   Kuhambana na sweswo, ndzhawu ya [[lunar north polar]] yi kombisa nhlayo yale hansi swinene ya ti craters to tano leti sirhelelekeke.

== Ntivo-misava ==

Xiphemu xa le dzongeni xa N’weti xi kumeka exikarhi ka xirhendzevutana xa polar ya le dzongeni (80° N ku ya eka 90° N).  &lt;ref&gt;[https://xefer.com/2011/10/lunar-arctic-circle The Lunar Arctic Circle.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229020853/https://xefer.com/2011/10/lunar-arctic-circle |date=2018-12-29 }} ''Xefer''. October 10, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; N’weti wa le dzongeni wu fambe hi 5 wa tidigri ku suka laha a wu ri kona eku sunguleni eka magidi ya timiliyoni ta malembe lama hundzeke.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;span title=&quot;Tuyên bố này cần tham khảo đến các nguồn đáng tin cậy.&lt;nowiki/&amp;gt; (September 2019)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ku cinca loku ku cince ndlela ya ku rhendzeleka ka N’weti, ku pfumelela ku vonakala ka dyambu ku voninga eka tindhawu leti khale a ti ri na ndzhuti, kambe pole ya le dzongeni ya n’weti ya ha ri na tindhawu tin’wana leti nga endzhutini hi ku helela. Xirhendzevutani xa N’weti xi le ka angle ya 88.5 degrees na ecliptic plane. [[Hilaha ku hambaneke]], pole ya le dzongeni hi ku fanana yi ni tindhawu leti nga eku vonakaleni ka dyambu hilaha ku nga heriki. [[Ndzhawu ya south polar]] yina ti craters totala na ti basins, kufana na [[Antarctic–Aitken]] basin, leyi vonakaka yiri xin’wana xa swihlawulekisi swa nkoka swinene swa N’weti,  na tintshava, kufana na Mount Epsilon eka 9050 hiku leha&amp;nbsp;km, ku tlula ntshava yin’wana na yin’wana eMisaveni &lt;ref name=&quot;orange&quot;&gt;[https://www.fossweb.com/delegate/ssi-wdf-ucm-webContent/Contribution%20Folders/FOSS/multimedia/Planetary_Science/binders/moon/moon_images/lunar_south_pole_1.html Lunar South Pole] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418162941/https://www.fossweb.com/delegate/ssi-wdf-ucm-webContent/Contribution%20Folders/FOSS/multimedia/Planetary_Science/binders/moon/moon_images/lunar_south_pole_1.html |date=2017-04-18 }}. (2017). Fossweb.com. Retrieved 29 March 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Mahiselo ya le xikarhi eka pole ya le dzongeni ya N’weti ya kwalomu ka {{cvt|260|K|C F}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;daddy&quot; /&gt;

=== Crater ya xirhendzevutani ===
Xirhendzevutana xa [[N'weti]] xi hundza hi le ka [[Shackleton (hố)|Shackleton crater]] . Ti craters leti xiyekaka leti nga ekusuhi swinene na Moon’s south pole, ku katsa na ti craters ta munyama lowu nga heriki ti katsa [[De Gerlache (hố)|De Gerlache]], [[Sverdrup (hố)|Sverdrup]], [[Shoemaker (hố Mặt Trăng)|Shoemaker]], [[Faustini (hố)|Faustini]], [[Haworth (hố)|Haworth]], [[Nobile (hố)|Nobile]] na [[Cabeus (hố)|Cabeus]] .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Qt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="981" sha1="kxv637hx33ib45neyy1sd0hsvnbvu16" xml:space="preserve">'''Qt''' (mavitanelo ya ximfumo ya fana na rito ra Xinghezi ra ''cute'' ''/ˈkjuːt/''    ), mavitanelo man’wana lama dumeke i ''QT'' ''/ˌkjuːˈtiː/'' ) i rimba ra matirhiselo ya tipulatifomo to tsemakanya na switirhisiwa swa vukorhokeri swo tumbuluxa swifaniso swa xikhale na leswi nghenisiweke swihlanganisi swa vatirhisi, na switirhisiwa leswi tirhaka eka tipulatifomo to hambana ta software na hardware kumbe hi ku cinca kutsongo eka codebase ya le hansi, loko swi tshama swi ri xitirhisiwa xa ntumbuluko lexi fanaka na vuswikoti bya laha kaya na rivilo. Qt sweswi yi le ku endliweni hi havumbirhi [[The Qt Company]], khamphani leyi xavisiwaka erivaleni, na [[Qt Project]] ehansi ka vulawuri bya xihlovo lexi pfulekeke, leswi katsaka vatumbuluxi ha un’we na tikhamphani leti tirhaka ku tlakusa Qt.    Qt yi kumeka ehansi ka havumbirhi bya layisense ya mabindzu ya xihlovo lexi pfulekeke.  na tilayisense ta xihlovo lexi pfulekeke xa [[GPL]] 2.0, GPL 3.0 na [[LGPL]] 3.0.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Swakudya swa le Vietnam</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Món ăn thông dụng&quot; from the page &quot;[[:vi:Special:Redirect/revision/71459388|Ẩm thực Việt Nam]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Swakudya swa le Vietnam''' i vito ra ndlela yo lunghiselela swakudya, misinya ya milawu yo hlanganisa swipayisisi ni mikhuva yo dya hi ku angarhela ya vaaki va le Vietnam ni tinxaka ta ma-Vietnam [[Vietnam|eVietnam]] . Hambileswi ku nga ni ku hambana ko karhi, swakudya swa le Vietnam swa ha ri ni nhlamuselo leyi tolovelekeke swinene yo kombetela eka swakudya hinkwaswo leswi dumeke emigangeni ya tinxaka letitsongo kambe swi tsakeriwa ngopfu eka [[vaaki va]] le Vietnam .

In [[Vietnamese culture]], ku dya i vutshila, a swi tirhi ntsena ku fikelela swilaveko swa xisekelo swa vanhu kambe swi tlhela swi va na vuxaka lebyikulu na vutomi na mindhavuko ya tiko, leswi kombisiweke kahle hi switirhisiwa leswi tirhisiwaka hi nkarhi wa swakudya, ndlela yo tikhoma na vanhu loko va ri karhi va dya. Hikwalaho, ku dya swi tlhela swi kombisa [[matimu]] ni ku vumbiwa ka ndhavuko wa le Vietnam. Swibyariwa leswinga hundza eka nguva yin’wana na yin’wana swivulavula hi vutomi na vanhu va nguva yaleyo xikan’we na tiko leri swakudya swin’wana na swin’wana swi velekiweke eka rona.

== Swakudya leswi dumeke ==

=== Rhayisi ===
Swibya swa rhayisi swi swekiwa hi rhayisi yo olova ya mavele yo leha leyi nga ni mati lama ringaneke leswaku rhayisi yi nga omi kumbe ku tshoveka. Leswi aswi tekiwi tani hi muxaka wa swakudya kambe switala ku tekiwa tani hi swakudya swa nkoka ku dyiwa eka swakudya. Kuya hi ndzhawu, kuna tinxaka totala ta rhayisi xikan’we naku hambana eka maendlelo yo sweka.

* Rice ro basa: hi ntolovelo ri swekiwa embiteni naswona ri cheriwa hi xipunu eka swibya eka munhu un’wana na un’wana eka swakudya hinkwaswo.
* Mabilomu ya rhayisi: rhayisi leyi swekiweke, leyi nga na mushy nyana. Yi pfale ivi u yi tsindziyela hi thawula kutani u yi vumba yi va mavoko lamakulu. Loko u dya, tsemelela hi swiphemu-phemu ivi u swi chela hi [[Muối vừng|munyu wa sesame]], floss ya nguluve (leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tanihi floss ya nguluve), floss ya huku kumbe u dya ni tisoseji. Yi hambanile hi ku helela ni mabilomu ya rhayisi ya onigiri ya [[Japani|le Japani]] .

[[Tập_tin:Vietnamese_Beef_Cube_Red_Rice.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Puleti ya rhayisi leyi nga ni nyama ya homu]]

* Rice leri tshovekeke ri tsakeriwa ntsena eDzongeni wa Vietnam, eN’walungwini muxaka lowu wa rhayisi leyi tshovekeke a wu tirhisiwi. Hakanyingi rhayisi leyi tshovekeke yi phameriwa ni timbanga leti oxiweke leti nga ni mafurha ya anyanisi kumbe tandza leri oxiweke . Timbanga leti oxiweke na xiphemu xa dzovo ra nguluve lexi phameriwaka na rhayisi leyi swekiweke na rhayisi leyi tshovekeke. Rice na nyama swikatsiwa na miroho yohambana hambana, xikan’we na breaded shrimp, tandza leri steamed na grilled shrimp. Hi ntolovelo tirhesiturente ti ta phamela swakudya leswi hi xibya lexitsongo xa dipping sauce, xikan’we na xibya xa supu ya miroho na swilayi swi nga ri swingani swa anyanisi. Minkarhi yin'wana vanhu va siva tandza leri swekiweke hi tandza ra omelette . (Ndlela leyi ya vutirheli a yi tolovelekanga etirhesiturente ni le mavhengeleni ya le Vietnam)
* Lam rice : veka upland sticky rice eka bamboo tube, chela mati, pfalela swinene hi tluka ra banana kutani u grila tube hi ndzilo kufikela yi swekiwa. Swakudya leswi switala kutsakeriwa eka tinxaka letintsongo tofana na vanhu va Muong na Tay.
* Rice ya huku leyi nga na swimilani: rice ri swekiwa emirini wa huku na swimilani swin’wana, leswingana nantswo wo hlawuleka. Hambiswiritano, swakudya leswi a swi tsakeriwi ngopfu.
* Rice ra le xihlahleni : leri tsakeriwaka ngopfu etindhawini ta le madorobeni, hakanyingi ri tirhela vatirhi va le hofisini swakudya swa ninhlikanhi . Veka rhayisi eka xibya u yi vumba yi va xivumbeko, kutani u yi chela epuleti Veka miroho na nyama ekhonweni yin’we ya pulati.
* Rice leri oxiweke : rhayisi yo titimela leyi oxiweke eka pani ra mafurha, yinga hlanganisiwa na matsavu yohambana hambana (sauerkraut), ti tubers (kohlrabi, ti carrots letinga diced), mihandzu (pineapple), nyama (nyama ya char siu, nyama ya nguluve leyi oxiweke ), ti sausages, ti sausages, tandza ni swakudya swin’wana swa le lwandle. Ku ni ku hambana-hambana ko tala ka rhayisi leyi oxiweke, kambe leyi dumeke ngopfu i rhayisi leyi oxiweke leyi pfanganisiweke, rhayisi leyi oxiweke ya Duong Chau, rhayisi leyi oxiweke ya swakudya swa le lwandle ni rhayisi leyi oxiweke ya melon ya homu. Tinxaka tin’wana ta rhayisi leyi oxiweke leyi phutseriweke hi matluka ya lotus yina nantswo wo nandziha swinene.
* Mussel rice : Muhlovo wo hlawuleka wa hue. Rice leri pfanganisiweke na nyama ya mussel, chili na swimilani swohambana hambana leswi phameriwaka na xibya xa juzi ya mussel leyi virisiweke.

=== Rice ro namarhela ===
Sticky rice yitirhisa xiaki lexikulu lexi kunga sticky rice, leyi tsakamisiweke eka bath ya mati, naswona yi swekiwa hi steam yo hisa eka muxaka wa steamer (leyi vuriwaka &quot;cho&quot; kumbe &quot;xung&quot;). Rice ro namarhela ritala ku hlanganisiwa na swin’wana leswi engeteriwaka kuya hi swakudya swa rice ro namarhela.

Swakudya swa rhayisi leswi namarhelaka leswi tolovelekeke i ''[[Xôi vò|rhayisi yo namarhela]]'' (rhayisi leyi namarhelaka leyi pfanganisiweke ni tinyawa ta rihlaza leti pfanganisiweke kahle, ntshunxa mavele man’wana ni man’wana), ''rhayisi leyi namarhelaka leyi rhendzelekeke'' (rhayisi leyi namarhelaka leyi nga ni tinyawa ta rihlaza leti tshoveriweke kahle, leyi tsemiweke hi ku olova, leyi cheriweke mafurha hi mati, anyanisi leyi oxiweke), ''rhayisi leyi namarhelaka ya tinyawa ta rihlaza'', . ''na rhayisi yo namarhela ya tinyawa'' (rhayisi yo namarhela na tinyawa), ''rhayisi yo namarhela na tinyawa ta ntima'', ''rhayisi yo namarhela na gac'' (teka muvala wo tshwuka wa nyama ya mihandzu ya gac, leyi talaka ku hlanganisiwa na chukele nyana na mafurha), ''rhayisi yo namarhela na matluka ya ntima'' (ya xivunguvungu muvala), ''rhayisi yo namarhela leyi nga na Hoang Pho'' (yi fana na rhayisi yo namarhela kambe yi engeteriwile hi ti almonds ), ''rhayisi yo namarhela ya huku'' (rhayisi yo namarhela leyi phameriwaka na huku leyi tsemiweke), ''rhayisi yo namarhela ya soseji'', ''[[Xôi sầu riêng|rhayisi yo namarhela ya durian]]'' (tirhisa swiphemu swin’wana swa durian leswi pfanganisiweke eka rhayisi ). ), ''banh khuc'' (banh khuc leyi hlanganisiweke ehenhla ka rhayisi yo namarhela leyi parboiled embiteni), ''rhayisi yo namarhela leyi pfanganisiweke'', ''rhayisi yo namarhela na matluka ya pandan'' (ku tirhisa matluka ya pandan ku ba juzi swi endla leswaku rhayisi leyi namarhelaka yi va ya rihlaza naswona yi na nantswo wo olova swinene). Ngopfu-ngopfu, rhayisi ''[[Xôi ngô|leyi namarhelaka ya mavele]]'' (rhayisi leyi namarhelaka ya mavele, tindhawu tin’wana ti yi vitana [[Xôi lúa|rhayisi leyi namarhelaka ya rhayisi]] ) yi endliwa hi xiaki lexikulu xa mavele, ku nga ri rhayisi leyi namarhelaka .

=== Vuswa ===
Swibyariwa swa mapa ya Vietnamese swi lulamisiwa hindlela yofana na ya China, Korea na [[Japani|Japan]] : swifana na ku sweka rice kambe swiri na ratio yohambana. Tirhisa mati yotala kutlula rice ku endla leswaku rice mash eka poto. Porridge yitala ku tirhisa sticky rice, sticky rice leyi hlanganisiweke na rice ra ntolovelo naswona tindzhawu totala titlhela ti pound rice loko tinga se swekiwa. Broth leyi tirhisiwaka ku sweka mapawu yingava ya tinxaka totala tofana na chicken broth, clam broth, mussel broth, na meat broth. Hi ntolovelo mapa ya dyiwa hi ntolovelo handle ka swakudya swo hlawuleka, kambe vanhu va le Vietnam va tala ku ma dya ni tandza ra tidada leri nga ni munyu, tandza leri oxiweke, swihluke swa tinyawa, anyanisi yo basa, nyama leyi oxiweke, nyama ya huku kumbe ya tidada leyi tsemiweke ni ku oxiwa. Kuna swakudya swa mapa yofana na mapa yo basa, mapa ya miroho, mapa ya eel, mapa ya rib, mapa ya ngati, mapa [[Cháo trai|ya mbilu]] na xivindzi (nguluve), mapa ya huku, mapa [[Cháo cá ám|ya nhlampfi]], mapa ya tidada, [[Cháo ếch|mapa ya mussel, mapa ya frog]], mapa ya rib, mapa ya milenge ya nguluve .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . Ngopfu ngopfu, swakudya swa cobra leswi swekiweke na green beans porridge swa kufumela swinene, swina swakudya naswona swidume e Dzongeni.

=== Xibya xa fibre ===
Swakudya swa le Vietnam swi huma eka nhluvuko wa rhayisi leyi tsakamaka, hikwalaho swakudya swo tala swa fibre swi endliwa hi rhayisi, ku engetela eka vuswa bya koroni kumbe tinyawa. Tinxaka to tala ta ti noodles: ti noodles leti endliweke hi vuswa bya koroni, vermicelli, banh canh na pho noodles leyi endliweke hi vuswa bya rhayisi, vermicelli leyi endliweke hi [[Dong riềng|arrowroot]] powder kumbe tinyawa ta rihlaza ,... Muxaka wun’wana na wun’wana wa noodle wuna minkucetelo na masungulo kusuka eka tindzhawu totala e tikweni naswona muxaka wun’wana na wun’wana wuna nantswo wa wona wo hlawuleka. Hi ntolovelo ku ni tindlela timbirhi letikulu to endla pho, vermicelli, vermicelli ni ti- noodle:

* Swibya: veka switirhisiwa eka xibya kutani u funengeta hi broth leyi nga na swakudya, yo nandziha.
* Swibyariwa leswi swekiweke: veka eka pani kutani u stir-fry hi mati kumbe mafurha ya swimilani, swihlanganisa na matsavu na nyama

==== Sopo ya noodle ====
Pho yi tirhisa xiaki lexikulu xa ti noodles to basa ta rhayisi leti tsemiweke hi ndlela yo olova, leti endliweke hi rhayisi, naswona i xin’wana xa swakudya swo tala swa ti noodle ta le Vietnam. Pho yitala ku tekiwa tani hi &quot;national dish&quot; ya Vietnam, hambi leswi swinga lava kuva swinga koteki ku kuma pho eka ti menu ta Vietnamese kusukela emahlweni ka nkarhi wa vukoloni bya French. Lexi i swakudya leswinga na swakudya, na broth yo basa swinene leyi swekiweke na marhambu na swipayisisi (ginger leyi griyiweke, anyanisi yo omisiwa leyi griyiweke, cinnamon, anise, cardamom, na swin’wana) na xihundla xa yona, lexi swekiweke kuringana tiawara totala.

Hambi leswi kungana swilo leswintshwa leswi tshuburiweke kuva ku endliwa ku hambana ko tala ka pho hi tinxaka totala tohambana hambana ta nyama, matshalatshala wolawo aya humelelanga ngopfu handle ka pho ya homu na pho ya huku. Pho yitala ku lulamisiwa eka xibya lexikulu laha nyama yi vekiweke ehenhla xikan’we na swimilani swin’wana swa xifundzha (kufana na swilayi swintsongo swa anyanisi, swihluke swa tinyawa, anyanisi wa rihlaza na basil leyi tsemiweke). Veka ti blanched pho noodles eka xibya, veka nyama ehenhla, chela broth yo hisa kutani u fafazela na anyanisi na cilantro.

Etlhelo ka xibya xa pho xa vadyeri ku ni xibya lexi nga ni swiphemu swi nga ri swingani swa lamula ro basa, swirhabyani swi nga ri swingani swa swimilana, sauce yitsongo ya chili ni phoyizeni ya phepha. Le Vietnam, leswi switala kuva swakudya swa nimixo, hambi leswi masiku lawa kungana mukhuva wa leswaku lava dyaka, ngopfu ngopfu lava dyaka etindhawini ta le madorobeni ta laha kaya na le matikweni mambe, va swi dya siku hinkwaro. Pho yina ti brand totala, e Northern Vietnam ti pho brands leti dumeke swinene i Hanoi Pho na Nam Dinh pho stores. Hambiswiritano, eka swifundzha swotala swa tiko, naswona ngopfu ngopfu ematikweni ya misava hinkwayo yofana na US na Europe, pho yi cincile naswona yihunguteke ngopfu kumbe kutlula ku fambelana na ndzhavuko wa swakudya swa ndzhawu yin’wana na yin’wana. Van’wamabindzu votala vatlhele vasungula ku tumbuluxa ti pho brands to hlawuleka tofana na [[Phở 24|Pho 24]] na [[Phở Cali|Pho Cali]] kuya rhumela ematikweni yale handle. Swakudya leswikulu leswi tolovelekeke swa pho:

* Phho leyi swekiweke: tirhisa nyama leyi virisiweke kahle.
* Poached rare pho: swilayi swa nyama swi blanchiwa kusungula, kutani swi swekiwa kuya emahlweni na broth leyi cheriweke endzeni ka xibya (kuna tinxaka totala ta rare, rare, etc.).
* Rare pho: veka nyama na swipayisisi eka pani ro hisa swinene, hlanganisa hiku hatlisa loko unga se chela eka xibya xa pho.
* Stir-fried pho: Ti pho noodles to olova kumbe leti crispy leti hlanganisiweke na miroho na nyama, ti cheriwa epuleti.
* Pho rolls : ti pho noodles letinga tsemiwa, letikulu naswona ti rhungeleriwile na nyama na matsavu, leti cheriweke eka sweet and sour fish sauce. Pho rolls, tani hi vutumbuluxi bya pho ya ndhavuko, yitsakeriwa swinene e Hanoi.
* Vegetarian pho: yitirhisa switirhisiwa swa swimilani na timintsu ta swimilani.

==== Noodle ya rhayisi ====
Vermicelli yitirhisa xiaki lexikulu lexi kunga ti fibre ta vermicelli leti pfanganisiweke eka [[Bún lá|matluka ya vermicelli]] kutani ti tshikiwa tinga onhakanga hi xivumbeko xa [[Bún rối|tangled vermicelli]] . Swihlawulekisi swa ti vermicelli noodles swi olova kutlula ti pho noodles, naswona xivumbeko xa yona xifana na ti noodles. Muxaka lowu wa fibre wu pfumelela mupheki ku endla leswaku broth yi endla leswaku yiva yohambana swinene, yifaneleka eka nantswo wa vadyeri votala naswona yiva na swakudya leswi ringanaka. Swakudya swa vermicelli swifuwile swinene naswona swihambanile, leswi dumeke exikarhi ka swona hi leswi:

* Vermicelli na tofu na shrimp paste : Matluka ya vermicelli ya phameriwa na tofu leyi oxiweke, shrimp paste na juzi ya lemon na chili foam. Miroho leyi nga swekiwangiki leyi fambisanaka na yona hakanyingi yi katsa marjoram.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cincinnati</title>
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'''Cincinnati''' (leyi vitaniwaka &quot;Xin-xin-na-ti&quot;) i doroba leri nga e dzonga vupela dyambu [[bya Ohio]], [[Amerikha|United States]] leri kumekaka ekusuhi na [[Nambu wa Ohio]] na [[Bắc Kentucky|Northern Kentucky]] . I ntsindza wa xifundzha xa Xifundzha xa Hamilton {{GR|6}} . Hi ku ya hi Nhlayo ya Vanhu ya 2000, Cincinnati a yi ri ni vaaki va 331 285, leswi vulaka leswaku Cincinnati i doroba ra vunharhu hi vukulu ra [[Ohio]] .

Cincinnati yi tekiwa tani hi &quot; [[boomtown]] &quot; yosungula ya Amerika, kusukela ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana 19, loko yi kula hi ku hatlisa swinene exikarhi ka tiko leswaku yi phikizana ni madoroba lamakulu ya le ribuweni hi vaaki ni rifuwo. Tanihi doroba lerikulu ro sungula ra le ndzeni ka tiko, minkarhi yin’wana ri vuriwa doroba ro sungula ra le Amerika hinkwaro, leri nga riki na nkucetelo lowukulu wa le Yuropa ku fana na le Ribuweni ra le Vuxeni, kambe ri hlayisa swihlawulekisi swo tala swa madoroba ya [[Yuropa|khale]] ya le United States leyi lawuriwaka hi vanhu lava humaka ematikweni mambe, lava vunyingi bya vona va humaka eJarimani . Hambiswiritano, eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana leri, Cincinnati a yi ri karhi yi kula hi ku hatlisa, naswona yi tluleriwile hi vaaki hi madoroba man’wana yo tala ya le ndzeni ka tiko, ngopfu-ngopfu [[Chicago]] .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chianti</title>
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        <username>Chimuoiba</username>
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      <text bytes="21674" sha1="az3bgdud9qbx0a5jbnnr0o433pkrf11" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fiasco_di_vino_rosso_da_tavola_Monteriggioni.jpg|right|thumb|Bodlhela ra vhinyo ya tafula leyi tolovelekeke ya le Tuscan eka muxaka wa ''fiasco'' ya ndhavuko leyi khale a yi tirhisiwa eka Chianti]]
'''Chianti''' {{efn|name=a}} i vhinyo yo tshwuka ya le Italy leyi endliwaka exifundzheni xa Chianti exikarhi ka [[Tuscany]], ngopfu-ngopfu leyi humaka eka madiriva ya Sangiovese . Hi matimu ayi fambelanisiwa na bodlhela ra squat leri pfaleriweke eka basket ya straw, leri vitaniwaka ''fiasco'' (&quot;flask&quot;; {{plural form}} : ''fiaschi'' ). Hambiswiritano, ''[[fiasco]]'' leyi sweswi yi tirhisiwa ntsena hi vaendli va nga ri vangani va vhinyo leyi; Chianti yotala yi cheriwa emabodlheleni eka mabodlhela ya wayeni ya xivumbeko xa standard swinene. Eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ravu khume nhungu, Baron [[Bettino Ricasoli]] (endzhaku [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Kingdom of Italy]] ) u pfunetile ku simeka [[Sangiovese]] tani hi muxaka wa madiriva lowukulu wa nkatsakanyo, leswi endleke pulani ya tiwayeni ta namuntlha ta Chianti. 

Nhlamuselo yosungula ya ndzhawu ya wayeni leyi vitaniwaka ''Chianti'' yi endliwile hi 1716. Yi hlamusele ndhawu leyi nga ekusuhi na swimitana swa [[Gaiole]], [[Castellina]] na [[Radda]] ; leswi vuriwaka ''Lega del Chianti'' ivi endzhaku swi vuriwa ''Provincia del Chianti'' (xifundzha xa Chianti). Hi 1932 ndzhawu ya Chianti yi dirowiwile nakambe hiku hetiseka naswona yi avanyisiwile hi tindzhawu letintsongo ta nkombo: Classico, Colli Aretini, Colli Fiorentini, Colline Pisane, Colli Senesi, Montalbano na Rùfina. Vunyingi bya swimitana leswi hi 1932 swi engeteriweke eka ndzhawu leyintshwa leyi hlamuseriweke ya Chianti Classico swi engeteriwile ''hi Chianti'' eka mavito ya swona, xikombiso [[Greve in Chianti]], leyi cinceke vito ra yona hi 1972. Tiwayeni leti tsariweke Chianti Classico ti huma eka ndzhawu leyikulu swinene ya Chianti, leyi katsaka ndzhawu yosungula ya Chianti heartland. I Chianti ntsena kusuka eka sub-zone leyi yinga kombisa black rooster ( ''gallo nero'' ) seal enhan’wini ya bodlhela, leswi kombaka leswaku muhumelerisi wa wayeni i xirho xa Chianti Classico Consortium, nhlangano wa ndzhawu ya vahumelerisi. &lt;ref&gt;Consorzio del Marchio Storico.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Consorzio del vino Chianti Classico.&lt;/ref&gt; Tinxaka tin’wana, handle ka Rufina en’walungu-vuxa bya Florence na Montalbano e dzongeni wa [[Pistoia]], tisungula eka swifundzha leswi thyiweke mavito: [[Siena]] eka Colli Senesi, [[Florence]] eka Colli Fiorentini, [[Arezzo]] eka Colli Aretini na [[Pisa]] eka Colline Pisane. Hi 1996 xiphemu xa ndhawu leyitsongo ya Colli Fiorentini xi thyiwile vito lerintshwa ''ra Montespertoli'' .

Hiva 1970s vahumelerisi vasungule ku hunguta nhlayo ya madiriva yo basa e Chianti. Hi 1995 swive enawini ku humelerisa Chianti leyingana 100% Sangiovese. Leswaku wayeni yi hlayisa vito ra Chianti yifanele ku humelerisiwa na kwalomu ka 80% wa [[madiriva]] ya Sangiovese .  Chianti leyi dyuhaleke (kwalomu ka 6 wa tinhweti eka barrel na 3 tin’wana eka bodlhela loko yinga se humesiwa, ematshan’wini ya 6 wa tinhweti leyi dyuhaleke handle ka barrel leyi lavekaka) yinga tsariwa tani hi Riserva. Chianti leyi fikelelaka swilaveko swo tika swinene (vuhumelerisi byale hansi, nhlayo yale henhla ya byala xikan’we na dry extract) yinga tsariwa tani hi Chianti Superiore, hambi leswi Chianti kusuka eka ndzhawu yale hansi ya Classico yinga pfumeleriwi eka xiendlakalo xin’wana na xin’wana kuva yi tsariwa tani hi Superiore.
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; /&gt;

== Swifundzha leswitsongo swa Chianti ==

[[File:Sottozone_chianti.jpg|right|thumb|350x350px|Ndhawu ya vhinyo ya Chianti endzeni ka Tuscany]]
Ndzhawu ya Chianti yifunengeta ndzhawu leyikulu ya Tuscany naswona yikatsa endzeni ka mindzilakano ya yona tindzhawu to hlaya leti hlanganisaka ''Denominazione di origine controllata'' (DOC) na ''Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita'' ([[DOCG]]). Tiwayeni tin’wana leti tivekaka swinene ta Tuscan leti simekiweke eka Sangiovese tofana na [[Brunello di Montalcino]] na [[Vino Nobile di Montepulciano]] tinga cheriwa emabodlheleni naku tsariwa ehansi ka vito ra xisekelo swinene ra &quot;Chianti&quot; loko vahumelerisi va tona va hlawula ku endla tano.  Endzeni ka ndzhawu ya Chianti leyi hlengeletiweke kutlula 8 million wa ti cases ta tiwayeni leti hlayiweke tani hi DOC-level kumbe e henhla ta humelerisiwa lembe na lembe. Namuntlha, Chianti yotala yiwela ehansi ka mavito mambirhi lamakulu ya Chianti DOCG, leyi katsaka basic level Chianti, xikan’we na leyi humaka eka nkombo wa ti sub-zones leti hlawuriweke, na Chianti Classico DOCG.  Loko ti hlanganile, tindzhawu leti timbirhi ta Chianti ti humesa volume leyikulu swinene ya tiwayeni ta DOC/G e Italy. 

Chianti DOCG yi katsa wayeni hinkwayo ya Chianti naswona yi katsa xiphemu lexikulu xa misava lexi katsaka swiphemu swa le vupela dyambu bya [[xifundzha xa Pisa]] ekusuhi na ribuwa ra [[Lwandle ra Tyrrhenian]], swintshabyana swa Florentine exifundzheni xa Florence en’walungwini, ku ya [[exifundzheni xa Arezzo]] hi evuxeni ni switsunga swa Siena edzongeni. Endzeni ka swifundzha leswi kuna masimu ya madiriva lawa ya hlanganisaka tindzhawu ta DOCG ta Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano na Vernaccia di San Gimignano . Wayeni yin’wana na yin’wana leyi endliweke hi Sangiovese leyi endliweke kuya hi swiletelo swa Chianti kusuka eka masimu lawa ya madiriva yinga tsariwa naku funghiwa ehansi ka xisekelo xa Chianti DOCG loko muhumelerisi a lava ku tirhisa vito leri. 

Endzeni ka Chianti DOCG kuna ti sub-zone ta tsevu leti hlamuseriweke leti pfumeleriwaka ku namarheta vito ra tona eka lebula ya wayeni .  Tiwayeni leti tsariweke tani hi Chianti ntsena ti endliwa kusuka eka nkatsakanyo kusuka eka ti sub-zone leti kutani ti katsa madiriva kusuka eka tindzhawu tale matlhelo letinga endzeni ka mindzilakano ya sub-zone. Ti sub-zones i (hi tlhelo ra wachi kusuka en’walungwini): Colli Fiorentini leyi kumekaka e dzongeni wa doroba ra Florence; Chianti Rufina eka xiphemu xa le n'walungu-vuxa bya zoni leyi kumekaka ku rhendzela commune ya Rufina ; Classico exikarhi ka Chianti, ku tsemakanya swifundzha swa Florence na Siena; Colli Aretini exifundzheni xa Arezzo evuxeni; Colli Senesi e dzongeni wa Chianti Classico eswitsungeni swa Siena, leyi nga leyikulu swinene eka ti sub-zone naswona yi katsa tindzhawu ta Brunello di Montalcino na Vino Nobile di Montepulciano; [[Colline Pisane]], ndhawu leyitsongo ya le vupela-dyambu swinene [[exifundzheni xa Pisa]]; Montespertoli leyi kumekaka endzeni ka Colli Fiorentini ku rhendzela commune ya Montespertoli ; Montalbano eka xiphemu xale n’walungu vupela dyambu bya zone leyi katsaka Carmignano DOCG.  

=== Chianti Xihlamusela-marito xa Xikhale ===

[[File:Chianti_0002.JPG|thumb|Chianti Classico vhinyo ya xiyimo xa le henhla]]
Ndzhawu yosungula leyi a yi lerisiwe hi xileriso xa [[Cosimo III]] de' Medici ekuheteleleni yita tekiwa tani hi mbilu ya ndzhawu ya manguva lawa ya &quot;Chianti Classico&quot;.  {{As of|2006}}, there were {{Convert|17640|acre|ha}} of vineyards in the Chianti Classico subregion. Xifundzhantsongo xa Chianti Classico xi hlanganisa ndzhawu ya kwalomu {{Convert|100|sqmi}}   exikarhi ka doroba ra Florence en’walungwini na Siena edzongeni. Ti communes ta mune ta Castellina e Chianti, Gaiole e Chianti, Greve e Chianti na Radda e Chianti ti kumeka hiku hetiseka endzeni ka mindzilakano ya ndzhawu ya Classico na swiphemu swa Barberino Val d’Elsa, [[San Casciano]] e Val di Pesa na Tavarnelle Val di Pesa in xifundzha xa Florence xikan’we na Castelnuovo Berardenga na Poggibonsi exifundzheni xa Siena swi katsiwile endzeni ka mindzilakano leyi pfumeleriweke ya Chianti Classico. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wine pp 402-411&quot; /&gt;

Misava na ntivo-misava wa xifundzhantsongo lexi swinga hambana swinene, laha kungana vukulu kusuka eka {{Convert|820|to|2000|ft}}, ni swintshabyana leswi rhendzelekaka leswi humesaka maxelo lamakulu yo hambana-hambana . Kuna tinxaka timbirhi letikulu ta misava eka ndzhawu liya: ribye ra sandi leri onhakeke hi maxelo leri tivekaka tani hi ''alberese'' na bluish-grey chalky marlstone leri tivekaka tani hi ''galestro'' .  Misava yale n’walungwini yi fuwile naswona yi nonile swinene laha kungana ''galestro'' yotala, laha misava yinga tiya hakatsongotsongo naswona yiva na maribye laha kungana ''[[ti albarese]]'' totala e dzongeni. En’walungwini, nambu wa Arno wunga va na nkucetelo eka maxelo, wu hlayisa mahiselo ya kufumela nyana, nkucetelo lowu hungutaka kuya e dzongeni eka ndzhawu yo kufumela ya Classico kuya e Castelnuovo Berardenga. 

[[File:Chianti-colline2-2.jpg|left|thumb|Masimu ya madiriva e Gaiole e Chianti eka ndzhawu ya Chianti Classico]]
Chianti Classico i tiwayeni ta xiyimo xale henhla ta Chianti leti talaka kuva na miri wale xikarhi na ti tannins leti tiyeke xikan’we na acid yale xikarhi kuya eka yale henhla . [[Floral]], cherry na light nutty notes i swinun’hweriso swa xihlawulekisi laha tiwayeni ti kombisaka tinotsi totala eka mid- palate naku hetelela kutlula emahlweni ka nomu. Kufana na Bordeaux, ti zones tohambana hambana ta Chianti Classico tina swihlawulekisi swo hlawuleka leswinga kombisiwaka naku voniwa eka tiwayeni tin’wana kusuka eka tindzhawu toleto. Kuya hi Master of Wine Mary Ewing-Mulligan, tiwayeni ta Chianti Classico kusuka eka ndzhawu ya Castellina titala kuva na nun’hwelo wo olova swinene na nantswo, tiwayeni ta Castelnuovo Berardegna titala kuva leti vupfeke swinene naswona ti fuwa swinene, tiwayeni kusuka e Gaiole titala kuva ti tiveka hi tona xivumbeko na ti tannins leti tiyeke kasi tiwayeni kusuka eka ndzhawu ya Greve titala kuva na nantswo lowu hlanganisiweke swinene. 

[[File:Chianti_Classico.jpg|right|thumb|150x150px|Xilemo xa huku xa ntima xa [[Consorzio Vino Chianti Classico?action=edit&amp;redlink=1|Consorzio Chianti Classico]]]]
Vuhumelerisi bya Chianti Classico byi endliwa ehansi ka vulawuri bya [[:it:Consorzio del Vino Chianti Classico|Consorzio del Vino Chianti Classico]], nhlangano wa vahumelerisi eka xifundzhantsongo xa Chianti Classico. Consorzio yi simekiwile hi xikongomelo xo tlakusa tiwayeni ta xifundzhantsongo, ku antswisa khwalithi na ku sivela vuxisi bya tiwayeni . Kusukela hiva 1980s, foundation yi seketerile vulavisisi lebyikulu eka maendlelo ya viticultural xikan’we naku endla wayeni ya ndzhawu ya Chianti Classico, ngopfu ngopfu eka ndzhawu ya vulavisisi bya clonal. Eka makume nharhu wa malembe lawa yanga hundza, kutlula 50% wa masimu ya madiriva eka xifundzhantsongo xa Chianti Classico ya byariwile nakambe hi ti clones ta Sangiovese leti antswisiweke xikan’we na tindlela ta manguva lawa ta masimu ya madiriva tani hi xiphemu xa phurojeke ya Consorzio Chianti Classico &quot;[[Chianti 2000]]&quot;. 

Hi 2014, ku sunguriwe xiyenge lexintshwa xa Chianti Classico: Chianti Classico Gran Selezione.  [[Gran Selezione]] yi endliwa ntsena kusuka eka madiriva ya winery hi yoxe lawa ya byariwaka kuya hi milawu yo tika loko ku pimanyisiwa na Chianti Classico ya ntolovelo. &lt;ref name=&quot;CCGS&quot; /&gt; Gran Selezione yi nyikiwa Chianti Classico endzhaku kaloko yi pasile xikambelo xa ku faneleka lexi endliwaka hi ti laboratory leti pfumeleriweke, naswona endzhaku ka loko yi pasisiwile hi komiti yo hlawuleka yo nantswa. &lt;ref name=&quot;CCGS&quot; /&gt; Ku tumbuluxiwa ka Chianti Classico Gran Selezione DOCG swi soriwa, laha van’wana va swi hlamuselaka tani hi &quot;A swi laveki; leyara yo engetela ya ku pfilunganyeka leyi tumbuluxiweke hi vanhu va vuxavisi lava tshembaka ku pfuna Chianti Classico ku huma eka xiphiqo xa ku xavisa.&quot;  

=== Xifundzha lexikulu xa Chianti ===
[[File:Logo_Chianti.svg|thumb|Logo ya Consorzio Vino Chianti ( ''[[Chianti Wine Consortium]]'' ), nhlangano wa vaendli va wayeni va Tuscan lava tiyisisaka khwalithi na ntiyiso wa tiwayeni ta Chianti kusuka eka swifundzhantsongo swohambana hambana, handle ka Chianti Classico]]
Ehandle ka ndzhawu ya Chianti Classico, tiwayeni ta Chianti sub-zone ya Rufina ti le xikarhi ka leti tivekaka ngopfu naswona ti xaviseriwa matiko yale handle kusuka eka ndzhawu ya Chianti. Yi kumeka enkoveni wa Arno ekusuhi na doroba ra Pontassieve, ndzhawu ya Rufina yi katsa ndzhawu yotala eka ndzhawu ya Pomino, ndzhawu leyingana matimu yo leha ya vuhumelerisi bya wayeni. Ndzhawu leyi yitiveka hi maxelo yo kufumela ya masimu ya yona ya madiriva lawa ya tlakukeke lawa ya kumekaka kuya fika eka {{Convert|2950|ft}} . Misava ya nsimu ya madiriva ya ndzhawu liya ngopfu ngopfu i ya marl na choko . Mindyangu ya vaxavisi vale Florence ya Antinori na Frescobaldi yina masimu yotala ya madiriva e Rufina. Chianti kusuka eka ndzhawu ya Rufina yitiveka hiku rharhangana ka yona ka swiphemu swotala na vuxongi. 

Xifundzhantsongo xa Colli Fiorentini xivonile ku nghena ka migingiriko xikan’we na nhluvukiso wa masimu ya madiriva yantshwa eka malembe lawa yanga hundza tani hileswi van’wamabindzu lava fuweke va Florentine va rhurhelaka e tikweni kuya byala masimu ya madiriva xikan’we naku pfula ti wineries. Votala va matiko mambe &quot; [[Flying winemaker|vaendli va wayeni lava hahaka]] &quot; va vile na voko eka nhluvukiso lowu, va tisa vumaki bya madiriva bya misava hinkwayo na tindlela to endla wayeni eka Colli Fiorentini. Yikumeka eka swintshabyana exikarhi ka ndzhawu ya Chianti Classico na Arno valley, tiwayeni ta Colli Fiorentini tihambana swinene kuya hi muhumelerisi, kambe titala kuva na xivumbeko xo olova lexingana vumunhu byo tiya xikan’we na tinotsi ta mihandzu.  Montespertoli sub-zone akuri xiphemu xa Colli Fiorentini sub-zone kufikela hi 2002 loko yiva enclave ya yona leyintsongo. 

Xifundzhantsongo xa Montalbano xi kumeka endzhutini wa Carmignano DOCG, laha vunyingi bya Sangiovese ya kahle swinene byi yaka eka wayeni yaleyo. Xiyimo xofana na lexi xikona eka Colli Senesi leyi katsaka ndzhawu leyi tivekaka swinene ya DOCG ya Vino Nobile di Montepulciano. Swifundzha leswi haswimbirhi aswi tali ku humelela eka malebvu ya wayeni lawa ya rhumeriwaka ehandle e [[Tuscany]]. Ndzhawu ya Colli Pisane yihumelerisa ti Chiantis leti tolovelekeke letingana miri na muhlovo wo vevuka swinene. Colli Aretini i ndzhawu leyintshwa swinene naswona yisungulaka leyi voneke ku nghena ka vuvekisi xikan’we naku endliwa ka wayeni leyintshwa eka malembe lawa yanga hundza.

== Nakambe vona ==

* [[Chiantishire|Chiantishire, xihlamusela-marito]]
* [[Consorzio Vino Chianti|Consorzio Vino Chianti u vula leswaku]]
* [[Foods containing tyramine|Swakudya leswi nga ni tyramine]]

== Matimu ==

[[File:Grand_Duke_CosimoIII_of_Tuscany_by_van_Douven.jpg|left|thumb|188x188px|Hi 1716 [[Cosimo III de’ Medici]], [[Grand Duke wa Tuscany]], u endle nawu wa mindzilakano yo sungula ya ximfumo ya xifundzha xa Chianti eka leswi namuntlha swi nga xiphemu xa Chianti Classico DOCG.]]
Matsalwa yosungula ya &quot;Chianti wine&quot; yasungule eka lembe xidzana ravu 14, laha vumaki bya madiriva abyitiveka kuva byi humelela eka ''&quot;Chianti Mountains&quot;'' leyi rhendzeleke Florence. Ligi ya masocha leyi vitaniwaka ''Lega del Chianti'' (League of Chianti) yivumbiwile kwalomu ka 1250 exikarhi ka madoroba ya Castellina, [[Gaiole na Radda]], leswinga endla leswaku wayeni kusuka eka ndzhawu leyi yiteka vito leri fanaka.  Hi 1398 rhekhodo yosungula leyi tivekaka yi xiya Chianti tani hi wayeni yo basa,  hambi leswi tiwayeni to tshwuka ta Chianti na tona tinga xopaxopiwa kwalomu ka nkarhi lowu fanaka eka matsalwa lawa ya fanaka.  

Ku ringeta kosungula ku hlawula wayeni ya Chianti hindlela yin’wana na yin’wana swifike hi 1427, loko Florence yi endle endlelo ra tihakelo eka tiwayeni ta ndzhawu yale makaya lawa yanga rhendzela, kukatsa na ndzhawu leyi vuriwaka &quot;Chianti na xifundzha xa yona hinkwaxo&quot;.  Hi 1716 Cosimo III de’ Medici, Ndhuna-nkulu ya le Tuscany, u humese xileriso lexi vekaka nawu wa leswaku swimitana swinharhu swa ''Lega del Chianti'' ( [[Castellinae Chianti]], [[Gaiole eChianti]] na [[Radda eChianti]] ) swin’we ni ximutana xa Greve ni ximutana xa {{Convert|2|mi|km|-long stretch}} ya xitsunga en’walungwini wa Greve ekusuhi na [[:it:Spedaluzzo|Spedaluzzo]] tani hi yona ntsena vahumelerisi lava amukeriweke ximfumo va Chianti. Ku hambanisiwa loku kuve kona kufikela hi July 1932, loko mfumo wa Italy wu ndlandlamuxe ndzhawu ya Chianti kuya katsa tindzhawu tale handle ta Barberino Val d’Elsa, [[Chiocchio]], [[:it:Robbiano|Robbiano]], [[San Casciano]] e Val di Pesa na [[:it:Strada in Chianti|Strada]] . Ku ndlandlamuxiwa loku landzeleke hi 1967 eku heteleleni a ku ta endla leswaku ndhawu ya Chianti yi hlanganisa ndhawu leyikulu swinene exikarhi ka Tuscany hinkwayo.

[[File:Bettino_Ricasoli.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Baron Bettino Ricasoli u endle recipe yosungula ya &quot;modern&quot; ya Chianti leyi ayi sekeriwe eka Sangiovese.]]

Hi lembe xidzana ravu 18 Chianti ayi tiveka ngopfu tani hi wayeni yotshuka, kambe xivumbeko lexi kongomeke na tinxaka ta madiriva leti tirhisiweke ku endla Chianti eka nkarhi lowu aswi tiveki. Va-ampelographers va kuma swikombiso swa leswaku hi tihi tinxaka ta madiriva leti a ti tsakeriwa hi nkarhi wolowo eka matsalwa ya mutsari wa le [[Ithali|Italy]] Cosimo Villifranchi, loyi a xiyeke leswaku Canaiolo akuri muxaka lowu byariweke ngopfu eka ndzhawu liya xikan’we na Sangiovese, Mammolo na Marzemino .  A kuri kufikela hi ntirho wa mufumi wa tiko wa Italy Bettino Ricasoli laha recipe ya manguva lawa ya Chianti tani hi wayeni leyi sekeriweke eka Sangiovese yinga teka xivumbeko.  

Emahlweni ka Ricasoli, Canaiolo ayi humelela tani hi muxaka lowukulu eka ku hlanganisiwa ka Chianti laha Sangiovese na Malvasia Bianca Lunga ava tlanga swiphemu swo seketela. Exikarhi ka lembe xidzana ra vu-19, Ricasoli u endle ndlela yo endla Chianti leyi a yi sekeriwe ngopfu eka Sangiovese. Hambi leswi a talaka ku xiximiwa hi ku tumbuluxa na ku hangalasa fomula yo karhi (hi ntolovelo yi vikiwa tani hi 70% [[Sangiovese]], 20% [[Canaiolo]], 10% [[Malvasia Bianca Lunga]]), ku kamberiwa ka mapapila ya yena ya nkarhi wolowo a swi tiyisisi leswi.  Ku engetela kwalano, matshalatshala ya yena ya hatle ya onhiwa hi vaendli van’wana va wayeni va ndzhawu liya (xikombiso, ku siva Malvasia hi [[Trebbiano Toscano]], kumbe ku titshega ngopfu hi leswi swohetelela), leswinga endla leswaku kuva na ku nga twisisi kun’wana ka &quot;Ricasoli formula&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Madaio2&quot; /&gt; Hi 1967, nawu wa ''Denominazione di origine controllata'' (DOC) lowu vekiweke hi mfumo wa Italy awu sekeriwe eka nhlamuselo yo olova ya &quot;recipe&quot; ya Ricasoli, leyi ayi kombela ku hlanganisiwa loku sekeriweke eka Sangiovese na 10–30% Malvasia na [[Trebbiano]]. 

Eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-19 ku ve ni nkarhi wa mpfilumpfilu wa ikhonomi ni wa tipolitiki. Xosungula kufike oidium kutani ntungu wa phylloxera awuta teka xiyimo xa wona eka masimu ya madiriva ya Chianti tani hileswi ava onhe masimu ya madiriva e [[Yuropa|Europe]] hinkwayo. Mpfilumpfilu na vusweti endzhaku ka ''[[Risorgimento]]'' swi tivise kusunguriwa ka diaspora ya Italy leyi ayi ta teka vatirhi va masimu ya madiriva na vaendli va wayeni va Italy kuya ematikweni mambe tani hi vahlapfa eka matiko yantshwa.  Lava vanga sala endzhaku kutani va byariwa nakambe va hlawula tinxaka leti humesaka mbuyelo wale henhla tofana na Trebbiano na Sangiovese clones tofana na ''Sangiovese di Romagna'' kusuka eka ndzhawu yale kusuhi ya Romagna . Endzhaku ka Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava, mukhuva lowu tolovelekeke eka makete wa misava hinkwayo wa vhinyo wa vhinyo yo chipa, leyi nwaka hi ku olova wu vone ku andza ko koma eka ndhawu leyi. Hiku byala ngopfu xikan’we naku kandziyisiwa ka nhlayo kutlula khwalithi, ndhuma ya Chianti eka vaxavi yihetelele yi wile swinene. Hiva 1950s, [[Trebbiano]] (leyi tivekaka hi nantswo wa yona lowu nga riki na xihlawuhlawu) yi endle kufika eka 30% wa ti Chiantis totala leti xavisiwaka hi xitalo.  

Eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu-20, Chianti hakanyingi a yi fambisana ni Chianti ya xisekelo leyi xavisiwaka ebodlheleni ra squat leri pfaleriweke eka baskiti ra byanyi, leri vuriwaka ''fiasco'' . Hambiswiritano, hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, ntlawa wa vahumelerisi lava ava na vutianakanyi wusungule ku tirha ehandle ka mindzilakano ya milawu ya DOC kuva va endla leswi ava tshemba leswaku kutava wayeni ya xiyimo xale henhla. Tiwayeni leti ti hetelele titiveka tani hi &quot; Super Tuscans &quot;. 

[[File:Italian_DOCG_Chianti_label.jpg|left|thumb|Lebula ya le Italy ya DOCG Chianti]]

Votala va vahumelerisi endzhaku ka nhlangano wa Super Tuscan ekusunguleni akuri vahumelerisi va Chianti lava ava xandzukela leswi ava vona kuri milawu ya [[khale]] ya DOC. Van’wana va vahumelerisi lava ava lava ku endla Chiantis letinga 100% varietal Sangiovese. Van’wana ava lava ku [[cinca]] cinca kuva va ringeta ku hlanganisa tinxaka ta madiriva ya French yofana na Cabernet Sauvignon na Merlot kutani vanga laveki ku hlanganisa eka tinxaka tihi na tihi ta madiriva yo basa. Eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 20 kuve na ku cinca cinca ka vutumbuluxi na vutumbuluxi eka tindzhawu ta Chianti tani hileswi vahumelerisi ava ringeta tinxaka tintshwa ta madiriva naswona vasungule tindlela ta manguva lawa to endla wayeni tofana naku tirhisiwa ka migerho leyintshwa ya oak . Minxavo na swiringanyeto swa wayeni swa ti Super Tuscans tin’wana swita tshama swiri karhi swi tlula swa Chiantis leyi pfumeleriweke hi DOC. Ku humelela ka Super Tuscans swi hlohlotele vatirhela mfumo kuva va languta nakambe milawu ya DOC leswaku vata vuyisa tin’wana ta tiwayeni leti eka ntlhambi lowu tsariweke tani hi Chianti.

== Minkandziyiso yo hlawuleka ==

Chianti Classico yi tlakusiwile tani hi &quot;Official wine of the 2013 UCI Road World Championships &quot; naswona yi xavise mabodlhela lawa ya nyiketeriweke eka Championships lawa yanga na malebvu yo hlawuleka.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Download vuyimbeleri</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:vi:Special:Redirect/revision/69806249|Tải nhạc]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="842" sha1="5sh8fzf1t53hocdasjf3nbjm03lfcwb" xml:space="preserve">[[Tập_tin:ITunes_Music_Store_in_a_mobile_Phone.jpg|thumb| iTunes Store yi fikeleleka hi ku tirhisa riqingho ra le mavokweni .]]

'''Ku dawuniloda vuyimbeleri''' ( [[Xinghezi]] : ''ku dawuniloda vuyimbeleri'' ) i xiendlo xo hundzisela tifayela ta vuyimbeleri ku suka eka khompyuta, riqingho leri hlanganisiweke na [[Inthaneti|inthanete]] kumbe webusayiti ku ya eka khompyuta kumbe riqingho ra mutirhisi . Mhaka leyi yi katsa ku dawuniloda ka vuyimbeleri bya le nawini na lebyi nga riki enawini. Hi 2012, Nhlangano wa Matiko Hinkwawo wa Vumaki bya Swifaniso wu hlayele 16,5 wa tibiliyoni Tidolara ta Amerika ta mali leyi nghenaka eka ku xavisiwa ka vuyimbeleri bya misava hinkwayo, mali leyi nghenaka eka vuyimbeleri bya xidijitali yi endla 5.6 wa tibiliyoni tidolara, laha 70% wa tona ku nga mali leyi nghenaka eka ku dawuniloda vuyimbeleri.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shape of You</title>
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      <text bytes="4403" sha1="ivfk13iin1yvus13lqp0rv0qjz7e10j" xml:space="preserve">{{Delete|Test page, machine translation}}
&quot; '''Shape of You''' &quot; i risimu ra xiyimbeleri na mutsari wa tinsimu wa Munghezi [[Ed Sheeran]] . Yi humesiwile hi ti 6 Ndzhati 2017 tani hi yin'wana ya ti double lead singles kusuka eka alibamu ya yena ya vunharhu ya studio ''÷'' (2017), xikan'we na &quot; [[Castle on the Hill]] &quot;. Risimu leri nga nghenisiwa eka Dance Hall &amp; R&amp;B ri tsariwile hi Sheeran, Steve Mac na [[Johnny McDaid]] . Hikwalaho ka [[Ku Nghenelela|ku nghenelela]] ka yona ka &quot; [[No Scrubs]] &quot; hi [[TLC]], Kandi Burruss, [[Tameka]] &quot;[[Tiny]]&quot; [[Cottle]], na Kevin &quot;She'kspere&quot; Briggs na vona va xiximiwa tanihi vatsari. Risimu leri ri endliwe hi Sheeran na [[Steve Mac]] .

&quot;Shape of You&quot; yi fikelele nhlohlorhi eka nomboro yin'we eka tichati ta ti single ta matiko ya 34, ku katsa na [[US Billboard Hot 100]] — endzhaku yi hundzuke risimu leri nga tirha kahle swinene ra 2017 — xikan'we na le ka tichati ta ti single ta le [[Britain]], Australia, Canada na Irish &lt;ref name=&quot;IRE&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; . Yi tshamile eka nomboro yin’we eka rhekhodo-ku boha 16 wa mavhiki hi ku landzelelana eka [[Canadian Hot 100]], xikan’we na 14 wa mavhiki lama nga landzelelanaka eka UK Singles Chart, na 12 wa mavhiki lama nga landzelelanaka eka Billboard Hot 100. Yi tlhele yi humelela swinene kun’wana, yi fika eka nomboro yin’we eka tichati to tala ta le Yuropa ni le [[Latin Amerika]] hinkwaro, &lt;ref name=&quot;ARG&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;COL&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; swin’we ni le [[Malexiya|Malaysia]] laha yi heteke mavhiki ya 12 lama nga landzelelanaka yi ri ehenhla. &lt;ref name=&quot;MAL&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi ti 10 December 2018, risimu leri ri vile risimu ro sungula ku fika eka 2&amp;nbsp;biliyoni ya swihambukelo eka [[Spotify]] naswona sweswi i risimu ra vu-2 leri hangalasiweke ngopfu eka pulatifomo hi 3.6 wa tibiliyoni ta swihambukelo, endzhaku ka &quot; [[Blinding Lights]] &quot; hi [[Weeknd]] . Nakambe a ku ri risimu leri nga hangalasiwa ngopfu eka khume ra malembe eka Spotify hi 2.4&amp;nbsp;biliyoni ya swihambukelo hi December 2019, naswona risimu leri nga haxiwa ngopfu eka [[Apple Music]] leri nga na 930 wa timiliyoni ta swihambukelo, ku sukela hi May 2023. A ku ri risimu leri xavisiweke ngopfu ra 2017 na khume ra malembe eUK. &quot;Shape of You&quot; a ku ri risimu leri xavisiweke ngopfu ra 2017 na risimu ra vumbirhi leri xavisiwaka ngopfu ra xidijitali emisaveni hinkwayo, laha ku xavisiwaka loko ku hlanganisiwa na swihambukelo leswi ringanaka na track swa 26.6&amp;nbsp;timiliyoni ta tiyuniti hi ku ya hi [[IFPI]] . 

Hi 2018, yi xavise 14.9 yo engetela&amp;nbsp;tikopi ta timiliyoni, loko ti hlanganisiwa nhlayo hinkwayo ya 41,5&amp;nbsp;timiliyoni ta tikopi emisaveni hinkwayo hi nhlayo hinkwayo ya khale ya ku xavisiwa, leswi endlaka leswaku yi va yin’wana ya ti-single ta xidijitali leti xavisiwaka ngopfu ta nkarhi hinkwawo . Ku engetela kwalaho, yi humelele ra vumbirhi eka chati ya makumu ya lembe ''ya Billboard'' hi 2018, eka No. 71.  Hi lembe ra 2019, yi hlawuriwile tani hi risimu ra nomboro yin’we eka chati ya ''Billboard'' [[Mainstream Top 40]] ya khume ra malembe ya va 2010s.  &quot;Shape of You&quot; yi hlawuriwile eka Single ya Lembe ya le Britain na Vhidiyo ya Lembe ya Britain eka Masagwadi ya 2018 ya Brit .  Risimu leri ri winile Sagwadi ra Grammy ra Best Pop Solo Performance eka Masagwadi ya Grammy ya vu 60 ya Lembe na Lembe .  Hi lembe ra 2021, ''Billboard'' yi veke &quot;Shape of You&quot; tani hi risimu ra vukhume leri humeleleke swinene eka nkarhi hinkwawo.

== Humesa ==

Hi ti 6 Ndzhati 2017, loko a ri karhi a fambisa ''[[The Radio 1 Breakfast Show]]'', Sheeran u paluxe leswaku &quot;Shape of You&quot; yi tsariwile hi ku ehleketa hi Rihanna.   Hi ti 4 Ndzhati 2017, Sheeran u nghenise vhidiyo ya tsevu wa tisekoni ya teaser ya background ya wasi eka social media, na marito ya &quot;xipano a hi ndhawu ya kahle yo kuma murhandziwa&quot;, ku nga layini yo sungula ya &quot;Shape of You&quot;. Ku ya emahlweni va hlekula ku humesiwa loku, Sheeran na lebula ya yena va tirhise sefo ya lens ya [[Snapchat]] leyi seketeriweke leyi nga na 30 wa tisekoni ta risimu ku engetela buzz exikarhi ka vaaki hi ku angarhela.

== Vhidiyo ya vuyimbeleri ==

Hi ti 5 Ndzhati 2017, ku fambisana na ku humesiwa ka risimu leri, ku humesiwile vhidiyo ya marito ya &quot;Shape of You&quot; eka xitichi [[xa YouTube]] xa Sheeran na &quot;Castle on the Hill&quot;.  Ku sukela hi April 2022, vhidiyo ya ximfumo ya vuyimbeleri yi vile na 914 wa timiliyoni ta ku langutiwa eka YouTube.

[[Category:United Kingdom]]</text>
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    <title>Manana wa perela</title>
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      <text bytes="591" sha1="m0z87cplkpisex8nz8boemrrijp61cy" xml:space="preserve">'''Manana wa perela''' kumbe '''khwiri ra nghala, mihandzu ya tihunyi''' ( mavito ya swiphemu swimbirhi : ''Khaya senegalensis'' ) i nsinya lowu welaka eka ndyangu wa ''Meliaceae'' . Manana wa perela u mila hi ntumbuluko [[Benin|eBenin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Cameroon]], [[Afrika Wale Xikarhi|Riphabliki ra Afrika Xikarhi]], [[Chad]], [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]], [[Gaboni|Gabon]], [[Gambiya|Gambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Gineya|Guinea]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali (Tiko)|Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Nayjeriya|Nigeria]], [[Senegal]], [[Siyera Liyona|Sierra Leone]], [[Sudan]], [[Togo]], na [[Uganda]] .</text>
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    <title>Nxaxamelo wa matiko lama tifumaka</title>
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Leswi landzelaka i nxaxamelo lowu nyikaka nkatsakanyo wa matiko lama nga ni vulawuri bya misava ni rungula ra xiyimo xa wona ni ku amukeriwa ka vulawuri bya wona .

Matiko ya 205 lama xaxametiweke ma nga avanyisiwa hi swiyenge swinharhu hi ku ya hi vuxirho eka Sisiteme ya Nhlangano wa Matiko : 193 wa matiko lama nga swirho,  2 wa matiko lama langutaka GA, na 10 wa matiko man’wana. Kholomo ya ''timholovo ta vulawuri'' yi kombisa matiko lama nga na vulawuri lebyi nga kanetiwiki (188 wa matiko, ku katsa na 187 wa matiko ya swirho swa UN na 1 wa tiko leri nga riki xirho xa vahlaleri va Nhlengeletano ya Mani na Mani ya UN), matiko ya na timholovo ta vulawuri (18 wa matiko, ku katsa na 6 wa matiko ya swirho, 1 wa tiko ra vahlaleri va GA na 8 wa matiko man’wana) ni matiko lama nga ni [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|xiyimo xo hlawuleka xa tipolitiki]] (2 wa matiko, havumbirhi bya wona hinkwawo ma fambisana hi ku ntshunxeka na New Zealand ).

Ku hlengeleta nxaxamelo wo tano ku nga va endlelo leri rharhanganeke ni leri kanetiwaka, tanihi leswi ku nga riki na nhlamuselo leyi bohaka swirho hinkwaswo swa vaaki va matiko malunghana ni swipimelo swa ku va tiko ri va tiko . Ku kuma vuxokoxoko byo tala mayelana na swipimelo leswi tirhisiweke ku kumisisa leswi nga endzeni ka nxaxamelo lowu, hi kombela u vona xiyenge xa swipimelo swo nghena laha hansi. Nxaxamelo wu kongomisiwile ku katsa swiyenge leswi amukeriweke tanihi leswi nga na xiyimo ''xa xiviri'' tanihi matiko lama tifumaka naswona ku nghenela ka swona ku nga fanelangiki ku tekiwa tanihi ku seketela xikombelo xihi kumbe xihi xo karhi xa xiyimo xa le nawini xa mfumo.

== Swipimelo swo joyina ==

[[:en:Customary international law|Mpimo wa ndhavuko wa matiko hinkwawo]] lowu lawulaka mfumo wa xiviri i dyondzo ya ku tivisa mfumo, leyi tsariweke hi Ntwanano wa Montevideo wa 1933. Ntwanano wu tlhela wu hlamusela mfumo tanihi nhlangano wa nawu wa nawu wa matiko ya misava loko wu ''&quot;ri na swikili leswi landzelaka: (a) vaaki va nkarhi hinkwawo; (b) vuhosi bya ndhawu; (c) mfumo; na (d) vuswikoti bya vudiplomati na matiko man'wana.&quot;, mimfumo leyi ngheneleke vudiplomati bya matiko ya misava&quot;'' ntsena loko yi nga ''&quot;kumiwi hi matimba ku katsa na ku tirhisiwa ka matlhari, ku chavisiwa ka vuyimeri bya vudiplomati, kumbe tindlela tin'wana leti tirhaka ta ku sindzisa&quot;'' hi ku ya hi ntwanano lowu mpimanyeto wa mfumo wu va kona. 

Ku kanetana ku kona mayelana na mpimo lowu ku amukeriwa ku faneleke ku katsiwa tanihi xipimelo [http://www.inbex.kr/ xa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601080906/http://www.inbex.kr/ |date=2023-06-01 }} vuhosi. [[Lý thuyết tuyên bố về tình trạng nhà nước|Tiyori ya declaratory ya statehood]] yi vula leswaku ‘statehood’ yi na xikongomelo hi ku helela naswona ku amukeriwa ka mfumo hi mimfumo yin’wana a swi na mhaka. Eka makumu man’wana ya spectrum, constitutive theory of statehood yi hlamusela mfumo tani hi ndzhawu ehansi ka nawu wa matiko ya misava ntsena loko wu amukeriwa hi matiko man’wana kutani ndzhawu yoleyo yi na vulawuri . Hi swikongomelo swa nxaxamelo lowu, swifundzha hinkwaswo swi katsiwile:

* yi titeka yi ri na vulawuri (hi ku tivisa ntshunxeko kumbe ndlela yin'wana) naswona hi ntolovelo yi tekiwa tanihi &quot;Territory with statehood&quot;, kumbe
* yi amukeriwa tanihi tiko leri tifumaka hi tiko rin’we leri nga xirho xa Nhlangano wa Matiko

Xiya leswaku eka swiyimo swin'wana, ku na ku hambana eka &quot;ku anakanya&quot; laha leswi swi vuriwaka &quot;vuhosi&quot;, naswona loko nhlangano lowu nga riki na ku anakanya wu hlangana na vulawuri byebyo lebyi vuriwaka kumbe e-e swa ha kanetiwa. Swiyenge swa tipolitiki ntsena leswi nga fikeleriki ku hlawuriwa ka mfumo lowu tifumaka swi tekiwa tanihi &quot;quasi-states&quot;.  

Hi ku ya hi swipimelo leswi nga laha henhla, nxaxamelo wu katsa swiyenge leswi landzelaka swa 206: &lt;ref&gt;The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.&lt;/ref&gt; {{efn|The [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] is not included, as despite being a sovereign entity it lacks territory and does not claim statehood. Entities considered to be [[micronation]]s are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all [[uncontacted peoples]], either who live in [[stateless society|societies that cannot be defined as states]] or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.|name=&quot;micros&quot;}}

* Matiko ya 203 ma amukeriwa hi tiko rin’we leri nga xirho xa UN
* 2 matiko lama fikelelaka dyondzo leyi tivisiweke ya vutiko naswona ya amukeriwaka ntsena hi matiko lama nga riki swirho swa Nhlangano wa Matiko
* Nsimu leyi hlanganaka na thiyori ya xikombelo xa mfumo naswona yi nga amukeriwi hi tiko rin’wana

Tafula ri katsa tinhla ta xibalesa leti yimelaka swiyenge leswi nga riki matiko lama tifumaka kumbe lama hlanganisiweke swinene na mfumo wun’wana lowu tifumaka. Yi tlhela yi katsa tindhawu ta le hansi ka mfumo laha vulawuri bya mfumo byi pimiweke ximfumo hi ntwanano wa matiko ya misava. Loko ti hlanganisiwa, ti katsa:

* Tinsimu leti nga ni vuxaka lebyi ntshunxekeke ni tiko rin’wana
* Swiyenge swimbirhi leswi lawuriwaka hi Pakistan leswi nga riki matiko lama tifumaka, tindhawu leti titshegeke kumbe leti nga xiphemu xa mfumo wun’wana: Azad Kashmir na Gilgit Baltistan
* Tindhawu leti titshegeke ta tiko rin’wana, xikan’we na tindhawu leti kombisaka swihlawulekisi swo tala swa tindhawu leti titshegeke hi ku ya hi tluka ra tindhawu leti titshegeke
* Swiyenge swa laha kaya swi tumbuluxiwa hi mintwanano ya matiko ya misava</text>
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      <text bytes="1134" sha1="0u7w3n2ahhvjjzi0ka13dde613z0cg7" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhlanganisi wa swa timali''' i nhlangano kumbe munhu loyi a yimeke exikarhi ka mavandla mambirhi kumbe ku tlula lama nghenelaka eka xiyimo xa swa timali. Hi ntolovelo, ku na ntlawa wun’we lowu nyikaka xiendliwa/vukorhokeri na ntlawa wun’we lowu nga muxavi kumbe [[muxavi]] .

Le Vietnam xikan’we nale matikweni yotala emisaveni hinkwayo, muhlanganisi wa swa timali hakanyingi i nhlangano wa vuhlanganisi eka xiteji xa ku hangalasiwa ka xiphemu xa mali exikarhi ka vakomberi va mali na vakomberi. Hi leswaku, mudyeleki u hundzisela xiphemu xa mali eka nhlangano lowu (e.g. bangi kumbe xikweleti xa nhlengeletano) naswona u hundzisela xiphemu lexi eka mudyeleki/vandla leri tirhisaka mali.

Ku nga vuriwa leswaku vahlanganisi va swa timali i swivandla swa timali leswi hlawulekeke eka migingiriko ya mabindzu eka sekithara ya swa timali na swa timali. Ntirho lowukulu na wa nkarhi na nkarhi wa tinhlengeletano leti i ku hlanganisa xiphemu xa mali lexi nga tirhiki eka ikhonomi, ku tirhisa xiphemu xexo ku phakela swichudeni swilaveko swa xiphemu xa mali na ku nyika vukorhokeri bya swa timali na bya timali byo biha eka vaxavi</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ta Khombo ta Pinocchio</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-08-17T16:21:32Z</timestamp>
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        <ip>81.97.186.87</ip>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Ta Khombo ta Pinocchio''' (/pɪˈnoʊkioʊ/ pin-OH-kee-oh; [[Xitaliyana]]: ''Le avventure di Pinocchio. Storia di un burattino'' [le avvenˈtuːre di piˈnɔkkjo ˈstɔːrja di um buratˈtiːno, - dj um -], i.e. &quot;Ta Khombo ta Pinocchio. Mhaka ya Xivumbiwa xa Muti&quot;, hi ndlela yo olova ku vuriwa [[Pinocchio]], i buku ya vana ya ntsheketo wa ku anakanya ya [[1883]] hi mutsari wa [[IthalyXitaliyana]] [[Carlo Collodi]]. Yi vulavula hi ta swiyimo swa xikhalabye swa xivumbiw...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1804" sha1="3hc6g0dc3hg56kzat5eppe5y6hxqqj2" xml:space="preserve">'''Ta Khombo ta Pinocchio''' (/pɪˈnoʊkioʊ/ pin-OH-kee-oh; [[Xitaliyana]]: ''Le avventure di Pinocchio. Storia di un burattino'' [le avvenˈtuːre di piˈnɔkkjo ˈstɔːrja di um buratˈtiːno, - dj um -], i.e. &quot;Ta Khombo ta Pinocchio. Mhaka ya Xivumbiwa xa Muti&quot;, hi ndlela yo olova ku vuriwa [[Pinocchio]], i buku ya vana ya ntsheketo wa ku anakanya ya [[1883]] hi mutsari wa [[IthalyXitaliyana]] [[Carlo Collodi]]. Yi vulavula hi ta swiyimo swa xikhalabye swa xivumbiwa xa marionette lexi vuriwaka Pinocchio ni mutumbuluxi wa xona ni mutswari wa xona, wanuna wa xikuma-kuma wa xitimela lexi vuriwaka [[Geppetto]].

Mhaka leyi yo sungula yi kandziyisiwe hi xivumbeko xa swiphephana swa &quot;Mhaka ya Xivumbiwa xa Muti&quot; (Xitaliyana: La storia di un burattino) eka Giornale per i bambini, yin'we ya timagazini ta ku sungula ta Xitaliyana ta vhiki ta vana, ku sungula hi 7 Mawuwani [[1881]]. Mhaka leyi yi yimile endzhaku ka malembe ya kwalomu ka 4 ni 8 swiyenge eNhlokweni ya 15, kambe hi ku lava loku nga kona ka vahlayi, swiyenge swi ye emahlweni hi 16 Hukuri [[1882]]. Hi Hukuri 1883, mhaka leyi yi kandziyisiwe hi buku yin'we. Ku sukela kwalaho, Pinocchio u ve yin'we ya tibuku leti dumeke ngopfu ta vana naswona yi dzunisiwe swinene.

Xifaniso xa misava hinkwayo ni xifaniso xa xiyimo xa vanhu, buku leyi yi tekiwa tanihi xiphemu xa nkoka xa ntsheketo wa vana naswona yi ve ni nkucetelo lowukulu eka ndhavuko wa misava hinkwayo. Filosofi [[Benedetto Croce]] u yi tekile tanihi yin'we ya timhaka leti tlakukeke ta Xitaliyana. Xitori xa yena xi cinciwile eka swihangalasamahungu swo hambana, ngopfu ngopfu filimi ya [[Disney]] ya 1940 ''Pinocchio''  .

Buku leyi yi hundzuluxeriwile eka tindzimi to fana ni 260 emisaveni hinkwayo, leyi endlaka yin'we ya tibuku leti hundzuluxeriweke swinene emisaveni.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nsirhelelo ni nhluvukiso wa tindzimi ta Xiafrika eAfrika-Dzonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7158</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39153</id>
      <parentid>39152</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-11-20T18:42:03Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Machebe Mixo</username>
        <id>10774</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Nsirhelelo ni nhluvukiso wa tindzimi */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4717" sha1="rmkugn70hfn2usxywepgblsrpybqej9" xml:space="preserve">=== '''Tindzimi ta le Afrika-Dzonga''' ===
Tiko ra Afrika-Dzonga ri ni khumembirhi wa tindzimi ta ximfumo, ku nga, Xisuthu xa N’walungu, Xisuthu, Xitswana, Xiswazi, Xivhenda, Xitsonga, Xibunu, Xinghezi, Xindhevele, Xiqhoza, Xizulu na Ririmi ra Swikoweto&lt;ref&gt;The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language - Parliament of South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;. Hi lembe ra 1994 loko mfumo wa xidemokirasi wu sungula, Ririmi ra Swikoweto a ri nga ri ririmi ra ximfumo hambileswi a ri tirhisiwa etikweni. Kambe mfumo wa Afrika-Dzonga wu pasisile ririmi leri ku va ri va ririmi ra vukhumembirhi ra ximfumo eAfrika-Dzonga&lt;ref&gt;The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language - Parliament of South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;. Ku ya hi Xiyenge ya 6 xa Vumbiwa bya Afrika-Dzonga mfumo wu fanele ku tiyisisa leswaku tindzimi ta Ximfumo ta tiko ti tirhisiwa hi ku ringanana naswona ta hlayisiwa no antswisiwa&lt;ref&gt;SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf (justice.gov.za)&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== Nawu na tindzimi ta ximfumo eAfrika-Dzonga ====
Vumbiwa bya Afrika-Dzonga eka Xiyenge xa 6 byi vula leswaku mfumo wu fanele ku teka magoza lamanene ku hluvukisa no yisa emahlweni matirhiselo ya tindzimi ta ximfumo ta tiko. Vumbiwa byi ya emahlweni byi vula leswaku mfumo wa rixaka na mfumo wa swifundzakulu yi fanele ku tirhisa tindzimi leti. Mifumo leyi yi hlohloteriwa ku tirhisa kwalomu ka tindzimi timbirhi ta ximfumo&lt;ref&gt;SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf (justice.gov.za)&lt;/ref&gt;. Rin'wana ra magoza ya mfumo wa Afrika-Dzonga ra ku hluvukisa na ku yisa emahlweni matirhiselo ya tindzimi ta ximfumo ta tiko i ku vumbiwa ka Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (HATAD)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== '''Nsirhelelo ni nhluvukiso wa tindzimi''' ===
Mfumo wa Afrika-Dzonga na swin'wana swiyenge swa mfumo na leswi ngariki swa mfumo swi ta na matshalatshala yo hlayisa na ku hluvukisa tindzimi ta Xiafrika. Tindzimi to kota Xisuthu xa N’walungu, Xisuthu, Xitswana, Xiswazi, Xivhenda, Xitsonga, Xindhevele, Xiqhoza na Xizulu hi tin'wana ta tindzimi ta Xiafrika leti a ti tekeriwa ehansi hi nkarhi wa xihlawuhlawu naswona a ti nga ri ta ximfumo&lt;ref&gt;Microsoft Word - jct-v7n2 (ed.gov)&lt;/ref&gt;. Tindzimi leti sweswi ti kuma nseketelo wukulu ku suka eka swiyenge swo hambanahamba ku kota mfumo, tiyunivhesiti na swin'wana leswaku ti sirheleriwa no hluvukisiwa. Swin'wana swa swiyenge leswi swi katsa:

==== Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (HATAD)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/&lt;/ref&gt; ====
Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (HATAD) yi vumbiwile ku ya hi Vumbiwa ra Afrika-Dzonga, Xiyenge xa 6(5) (a) na (b) xa Vumbiwa ra Afrika-Dzonga&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/&lt;/ref&gt;. Yin'wana ya [https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/ mitirho wa HATAD] i ku tlakusa tindzimi ta ximfumo ta tiko na tin'wana leti xaxametiweke eka Xiyenge xa 6 xa Vumbiwa bya Afrika-Dzonga leti ti tihisiwaka hi vaakindhawu eAfrika-Dzonga, ni ku tiyisisa leswaku ta hloniphiwa. Huvo yi tlhela yi tirha ku lemukisa vaakatiko hi vutindziminyingi tanihi xitirhisiwa xa tiko. Hi lembe ra 2002 HATAD yi simekile Masagwadi ya Tindziminyingi ya HATAD&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/ts/matimu/&lt;/ref&gt;. Masagwadi lama ya simekeriwe ku tlakusa ni ku tlangela mitirho yo hlawuleka leyi tlakusaka tindzimi hinkwato ta ximfumo ni tin'wana tindzimi ta le Afrika-Dzonga&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/awards/#:~:text=The%20PanSALB%20Multilingualism%20Awards%20were,%2C%20academics%2C%20partners%20and%20sponsors&lt;/ref&gt;; Ku hangalasa nkoka wa tindziminyingi eka Afrika-Dzonga&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/awards/#:~:text=The%20PanSALB%20Multilingualism%20Awards%20were,%2C%20academics%2C%20partners%20and%20sponsors&lt;/ref&gt;; Ku antswisa matirhiselo ya tindzimi ta ximfumo hinkwato&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/awards/#:~:text=The%20PanSALB%20Multilingualism%20Awards%20were,%2C%20academics%2C%20partners%20and%20sponsors&lt;/ref&gt;; na ku lemukisa vaakitiko hi ntirho wa tindzimi hi ku angarhela tanihi nchumu wo twananisa vanhu va tiko ra Afrika-Dzonga.

==== UNISA ====
[[File:The University of South Africa.jpg|thumb|Yunivhesiti ya Afrika-Dzonga]]
[[File:Mixo Machebe na Rixile M=Baloyi.jpg|thumb|Mixo Machebe na makwavo va khomile Sagwadi ra Matsalwa ya Vana ya UNISA]]
Hi lembe ra 2023 Yunivhesiti ya Afrika-Dzonga (UNISA) yi simekile Masagwadi ya Matswala ya Vana&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Unisa to launch inaugural Children's Literature Awards&lt;/ref&gt;. Masagwadi lama ya simekeriwe ku xixima vatsari va matsalwa lava tsalaka matsalwa ya vana hi tindzimi ta Xiafrika ta le Afrika-Dzonga&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; leti nga katsiki Xibunu na Xinghezi. Pfhumba leri ri hlohlotela vatsari lava hlawuleka ku tsala switori leswi kombisa mitokoto na mindhavuko ya vona.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Khombo ra xitichi xa swihahampfhuka xa Tenerife</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7160</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38441</id>
      <parentid>38440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-19T01:13:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Intermy</username>
        <id>10794</id>
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      <text bytes="4603" sha1="2ud4acm2ddfir6l7lvuf0dfh3ycvjd4" xml:space="preserve">'''Khombo ra Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Tenerife''' ri humelele hi [[Nyenyankulu 27|March 27,]] [[1977]], loko swihaha-mpfhuka swimbirhi swa [[Boeing 747]] swi tlumbana endleleni yo balekela eRivaleni ra Swihaha-mpfhuka ra [[Los Rodeos]] (sweswi ku nga [[Rivala ra Swihaha-mpfhuka ra Tenerife Norte]] ) exihlaleni xa Tenerife, ku nga xihlala lexi nga eSwihlaleni swa Canary swa le [[Spaniya|Spain]] . Leswi ku nga ni mafu ya 583, leyi i mhangu leyi khomisaka gome swinene ematin’wini ya swihaha-mpfhuka.

Ku buluka ka bomo erivaleni ra [[swihaha-mpfhuka ra Gran Canaria]] ni nxungeto wa ku buluka ka vumbirhi swi endle leswaku swihaha-mpfhuka swo tala leswi nghenaka swi hambukisiwa erivaleni ra [[swihaha-mpfhuka ra Los Rodeos]]. Exikarhi ka swona a ku ri na [[KLM Flight 4805]] na [[Pan Am Flight 1736]] – swihahampfhuka swimbirhi leswi katsekaka eka mhangu leyi. Hikwalaho ka leswi swihaha-mpfhuka a swi nga ri swikulu erivaleni ra [[swihaha-mpfhuka ra le Los Rodeos]], valawuri va swihaha-mpfhuka va boheke ku kombela swihaha-mpfhuka leswaku swi paka egondzweni lerikulu ra mathekisi. Nchumu wun’wana lowu rharhanganiseke xiyimo lexi hileswaku loko va rindzele valawuri leswaku va pfula rivala ra swihaha-mpfhuka ra Gran Canaria, ku humelele nkungu lowukulu eTenerife, wu hungute swinene ku vonakala.

Loko rivala ra swihaha-mpfhuka ra Gran Canaria ri pfuriwa nakambe, hikuva gondzo lerikulu ra mathekisi ri pfaleriwile hi swihaha-mpfhuka swo tala, leswaku swi ta suka, swihaha-mpfhuka leswi haswimbirhi swa 747 a swi fanele swi khandziya thekisi eka ndlela yin’we ntsena yo balekela leswaku swi nghena endhawini leyi swi sukaka eka yona. Nkungu a wu ri wukulu lerova swihaha-mpfhuka leswi haswimbirhi a swi nga swi koti ku vonana, naswona valawuri va swihaha-mpfhuka a va nga swi koti ku vona ndlela yo balekela eka yona kumbe swihaha-mpfhuka swimbirhi swa 747. Hikwalaho ka leswi rivala ra swihaha-mpfhuka a ri nga ri na fambiselo ra radar leri nga ehansi, ndlela yin’we ntsena leyi valawuri a va kota ku kumisisa ndhawu leyi xihaha-mpfhuka xin’wana ni xin’wana xi nga eka yona a ku ri ku tirhisa swiviko swa xiya-ni-moya leswi humaka eka swihaha-mpfhuka swa swihaha-mpfhuka leswimbirhi. Hikwalaho ka ku nga twisisani kun’wana ka vuhlanganisi loku landzeleke, xihahampfhuka xa KLM xi hatlisile ku suka loko xihahampfhuka xa Pan Am xa ha ri endleleni yo balekela. Ku tlumbana loku landzeleke ku onhe swihahampfhuka leswimbirhi hi ku helela, ku dlaya vanhu va 248 eka xihahampfhuka xa KLM na 335 eka vanhu va 395 eka xihahampfhuka xa Pan Am. Exikarhi ka vaponi va 61 eka xihahampfhuka xa Pan Am a ku ri na captain, co-pilot na mininjhere wa xihahampfhuka. 

Hikwalaho ka leswi mhangu leyi yi humeleleke ensin’wini ya Spain, valawuri va tiko rero va ni vutihlamuleri byo lavisisa xivangelo xa yona. Valavisisi va le Netherlands ni va le United States na vona va hlanganyerile. Vulavisisi byi kombisile leswaku xivangelonkulu xa mhangu leyi a ku ri leswaku mufambisi wa xihahampfhuka xa KLM u sukile a nga si kuma mpfumelelo ku suka eka vulawuri bya [[swihahampfhuka]] (ATC).  Hambiswiritano, vulavisisi byi kombise kahle leswaku mufambisi wa xihaha-mpfhuka a nga hahanga hi vomu a nga si pfumeleriwa ku suka; kambe leswaku a a pfumela hi ku helela leswaku u pfumeleriwile ku suka hikwalaho ka ku nga twisisani exikarhi ka vachayeri va swihaha-mpfhuka ni vulawuri bya swihaha-mpfhuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ASN&quot; /&gt; Valavisisi va Madachi va kandziyise leswi,  ku tlula vatirhikulobye va le [[Amerikha|Amerika]] na le Spain, kambe KLM yi tlhele yi pfumela leswaku hi yona yi nga va na vutihlamuleri eka mhangu leyi, naswona khamphani ya swihahampfhuka yi nyikerile ku hakeriwa ka mali eka vahlaseriwa. 

Mhangu leyi yi vile na nkucetelo lowu nga heriki eka bindzu ra swihahampfhuka, ngopfungopfu eka xiyenge xa vuhangalasi bya mahungu. Valawuri va swihaha-mpfhuka emisaveni hinkwayo va lave leswaku ku tirhisiwa ntivomarito lowu tolovelekeke eka ku vulavurisana exikarhi ka valawuri va swihaha-mpfhuka ni vachayeri va swihaha-mpfhuka, leswi hungutaka ku nga ha va ni ku nga twisisani. Exikarhi ka ku cinca, rito &quot;ku suka&quot; a ra ha tirhisiwi ngopfu, kambe ri tirhisiwa ntsena hi valawuri va vutleketli bya swihahampfhuka loko ku humesiwa xileriso xa ximfumo xo suka kumbe loko ku sivela xihahampfhuka ku suka.  Vachayeri va swihaha-mpfhuka lava nga riki na ntokoto ngopfu va khutaziwa ku vutisa vakhandziyi va vona loko va vona ku ri ni leswi nga lulamangiki, naswona vakhandziyi va swihaha-mpfhuka va fanele va yingisela vatirhi va vona va swihaha-mpfhuka leswaku va endla xiboho lexi hlanganeke.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bobotie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7162</id>
    <revision>
      <id>38722</id>
      <parentid>38511</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-30T09:13:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aquino101</username>
        <id>10870</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;See also&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1237102776|Bobotie]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4445" sha1="cuhufuvkqg0bc2y5yw839rfi0ljjj5b" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LL-Q14196_(afr)-Oesjaar-bobotie.wav|right|thumb|Mavitanelo ya marito ya &quot; '''Bobotie''' &quot;.]]

'''Bobotie''' (Vafrika: {{IPA-af|bəˈbuəti|}} ) i swakudya swa [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] leswi vumbiwaka hi nyama leyi tsemiweke leyi nga na swipayisisi leyi bakiweke na topping leyi endliweke hi tandza.

== Bobotie kun’wana eAfrika ==

Ti recipe ta Bobotie ati fambisiwa hi vahlapfa va Afrika Dzonga kuya eka tindzhawu tin’wana ta Afrika. Namuntlha, ti recipe ta yona tinga kumeka letinga sungula eka miganga ya vahlapfa lava humaka eka rixaka ra Afrikaner e [[Botswana]], [[Khenya|Kenya]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]] . Kuna ku hambana loku aku tsakeriwa ngopfu eka 7,000 wa vahlapfa va Maboer lava ava tshama e [[Chubut River]] Valley e [[Arjentina|Argentina]] ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 20, laha nkatsakanyo wa bobotie wu pakiwaka endzeni ka pumpkin leyikulu, leyi endzhaku yi bakiwaka kufikela yi olova.

== Eka ndhavuko ==

=== 2008 Augusta National Champions Dinner ya Vahluri va Rixaka ===

Bobotie u hlawuriwile hi nghwazi ya golf ya Masters ya 2008 na mutumbuluxi wa Afrika Dzonga Trevor Immelman tani hi nchumu wa menu lowu kombisiweke eka Augusta National 's annual &quot;Champions Dinner&quot; hi Hukuri 2009. Lembe na lembe, nghwazi leyi fumaka eka mphikizano wa golf wa The Masters, leyi tlangiwaka lembe na lembe e[[Augusta]], [[Georgia]], yi khoma nhlengeletano naswona yi tala ku endla menyu leyi kombisaka swakudya swo hlawuleka leswi humaka exifundzheni xa ka vona. 

=== 2014 Nkhuvo wa Swakudya na Vhinyo wa Matiko ya Misava wa Epcot ===

Bobotie ya Afrika Dzonga akuri yin’wana ya swilo leswi ayi kombisiwa eka menu; yitlhela yi phameriwa na turkey na ti mushroom. Yi xaxametiwile tanihi leyi nga riki na gluten. Yitlhela yiva eka menu ya siku na siku eka buffet restaurant Boma eka [[Disney’s Animal Kingdom Lodge]].

== Malulamiselo ==

[[File:Bobootie_2.JPG|thumb|Bobotie, yi lunghekile eka xigwitsirisi xo baka]]
[[File:Bobotie_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Bobotie, na nkatsakanyo wa xinkwa lexi tsakamisiweke hi tandza na masi, lexi pendiweke hi turmeric. Ti almonds to [[topping]], [[banana]], [[chutney]], khokhonati na rice etlhelo.]]
Namuntlha, bobotie yitala ku endliwa hi nyama ya homu kumbe ya xinyimpfana, hambi leswi nyama ya nguluve yinga tirhisiwaka na yona. Ti recipe tosungula ati katsa ginger, marjoram na [[Lamula|lemon]] rind; ku nghenisiwa ka [[curry]] powder swi olovise recipe kambe mhaka ya xisekelo ya ha ri yona. Ti recipe tin’wana titlhela ti lava leswaku ku cheriwa anyanisi na ti almond leti tsemiweke eka nkatsakanyo lowu. Hi ndzhavuko, bobotie yi katsa mihandzu leyi omisiweke kufana na [[raisins]] kumbe [[sultanas]] . Yitala ku khavisiwa hi matluka ya bay, walnuts, chutney na mabanana . &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=9&amp;click_id=247&amp;art_id=qw1014898861822C432&amp;page_number=1 &quot;Bobotie, a local and international winner&quot; – Independent Online]&lt;/ref&gt; Hambileswi swi nga riki na swipayisisi ngopfu, swakudya leswi swi katsa nantswo wo hambana-hambana lowu nga engetelaka ku rharhangana. Xikombiso, mihandzu leyi omisiweke (hi ntolovelo ti apricots na raisins kumbe sultanas) yi hambanisa na nantswo wa curry. Xivumbeko xa swakudya lexi na xona xi rharhanganile, topping ya nkatsakanyo wa tandza leri bakiweke yi tatisa xinkwa lexi tsakamisiweke hi masi leswi engetelaka ndzhongho eka swakudya. Bobotie yitala ku phameriwa na &quot;yellow rice&quot;, leyi kunga rice leri swekiweke na turmeric .

=== Ricepe ra Leipoldt ===
Buku ya ti recipe ya [[Leipoldt]] leyi kandziyisiweke hi 1933 yi kombela nyama leyi tsemiweke kahle, ti breadcrumbs, masi, anyanisi na botere xikan’we na curry sauce leyi endliweke hi swipayisisi, chukele, juzi ya lemon, chilli pepper na vinegar. Leswi swi bakiwa hi topping ya tandza na masi. &lt;ref&gt;Leipoldt, C. Louis, Kos vir die Kenner, Human &amp; Rossouw, 2011, p. 253.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ricepe ra Tulleken ===
Ricepe ra 1923 hi Manana S. van H. Tulleken ri tirhisa nyama ya nyimpfu, [[ti almonds]], bitter almond essence, anyanisi, botere, xinkwa, curry powder, juzi ya lemon, tandza na chukele, leswi bakiweke hi custard topping ya tandza na masi. &lt;ref&gt;Tulleken, S. van H., The Practical Cookery Book for South Africa, 22nd edition, 1947, p. 133.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nakambe vona ==

* ''Cook and Enjoy It'', buku yo sweka hi SJA de Villiers
* [[List of African dishes|Nxaxamelo wa swakudya swa Afrika]]
* [[List of meat dishes|Nxaxamelo wa swakudya swa nyama]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hermit crab</title>
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      <text bytes="4548" sha1="nx807jdhkfl0prx6dovgxlwt11pu34z" xml:space="preserve">'''Ti hermit crabs''', kumbe '''ti resident crabs''', '''ti hermit crabs''', na '''ti mud snails''' (vito ra sayense: ''Paguroidea'' ) i [[Siêu họ (sinh vật)|ndyangu lowukulu]] wa ti decapoda crustaceans letingana vito ra sayense ra '''Paguroidea''' .   Vunyingi bya tinxaka ta 1100 tina khwiri ra asymmetrical naswona, ti cela eka [[xikhegelo]] xa snail lexinga hava nchumu naswona ti rhwala xikhegelo na tona loko ti famba.

== Nhlamuselo ya ntivo-vutomi ==

=== Hlawula ===
Ti hermit crabs ti avanyisiwile hi tinxaka timbirhi kuya hi ndzhawu ya tona  :

* Hanya nkarhi wotala emisaveni (land hermit crab). Hinkwaswo swi wela eka ndyangu wa [[Coenobitidae]] . Hambiswiritano, ta ha lava ku hlangana ni mati lama tolovelekeke ni ya munyu leswaku ti hanya ni ku tswala. Tina ti gills naswona tilava kutsakama lokukulu (tinxaka tin’wana ti hlayisa mati eka ti shells ta tona) kuva ti hlayisa ti gills ta tona titsakama kuva ti hefemula, kutani loko ti gills ta tona ti omile tita titivala.  . Ndlela leyi yo hefemula yi fana swinene ni ku hefemula hi nhlonge ya swiharhi leswi hanyaka ematini ni le misaveni . Tinxaka tin’wana: [[coconut crab]] ,...
* Ti hanya eka ti marine hermit crabs naswona aswi tali ku suka eka ndzhawu leyi. Ti endla nhlayo leyikulu hikuva ti wela eka mindyangu leyi saleke.

=== Swakudya ===
Ti hermit crabs i swiharhi leswi dyaka hinkwaswo: 

Swi dyiwa: Miroho, ti berries, mihandzu, nyama, nhlampfi, na swin’wana.

+ Swakudya swa swimilani swinyika ti hermit crabs nhlayo ya ti vitamins xikan’we na ti minerali tin’wana ta nkoka tofana na: Miroho, matsavu, ti tubers, mihandzu, mihandzu: Salad, water spinach, crab legs, spinach, cucumber/melon mouse, matamatisi, carrot, [[pumpkin]], bell phepha, banana, papaya, mango. Ngopfu-ngopfu rhayisi ya khokhonati.

+ Swakudya swa swiharhi swinyika swinyenyani xikhegelo xa [[ti protein]]. Iron, mafurha na swin’wana swa nkoka swo fana na: Nyama, nyama ya nguluve, nyama ya homu, huku,...

+ Swakudya swa le matini - Swakudya swale lwandle swofana na: [[Tinhlampfi]], [[ti shrimp]], [[squid]], ti crabs letintsongo, switsotswana, switsotswana.

Swi nga dyiwi: Swakudya leswi nga na swipayisisi, swipayisisi, swo tshwuka, swo bava, leswi nga na mafurha,...

+ Swakudya swin’wana leswi ti hermit crabs ti nga swi kotiki ku swi dya swi katsa: Swakudya leswi nga na swipayisisi, swipayisisi, swo tshwuka, swo bava,... A va nge tsakeli nun’hwelo wa mihandzu ya citrus yo fana na ti lemon na ti oranges. Nakambe a va swi tsakeli ku nun’hwela ka swimilana ([[mint]], [[rosemary]]).

=== Sayizi ===
Ti hermit crabs tihambana hi vukulu na xivumbeko, kusuka eka tinxaka letingana carapace leyi leheke ti millimeters nyana kuya eka Coenobita brevimanus, ti coconut crabs (Birgus latro) letinga hanyaka 12-70 wa malembe naswona tinga fika eka vukulu lebyikulu bya coconut, na ti coconut crabs ku va swiharhi leswikulu swinene swa misava leswi nga riki na marhambu ya nhloko emisaveni. 

=== Xiteji xa nhluvukiso ===
Ti juveniles tikula hi switeji, kusuka eka [[Ấu trùng giáp xác|ti crustacean larvae]] leti humelelaka endzeni ka tandza. Vunyingi bya switsotswana swa hermit crab swi tshoveka eka xiteji xa vunharhu, xiteji xa zoea. Hi nkarhi lowu, ti larval crabs tina swirhabyani swotala swo leha, khwiri ro leha ro koma na ti antennae letikulu letingana matlhelo. Ti moults to hlaya ([[molts]]) ti landzeriwa hi switeji swohetelela swa larval (megalopa kumbe post-larva). 


=== ku hundzuka ka swilo ===
Nkarhi wa molt yin’we wuya hi muxaka na vukulu: Kusuka eka 1 kuya eka 2 wa mavhiki 

Loko yinga se molting, hermit crab yita hlayisa mafurha yotala na mati eka &quot;bubble&quot; hi ntolovelo eka tlhelo ra ximatsi ra khwiri, ehansi nyana ka milenge ya vuntlhanu. Swikombiso swin’wana swa ku rhurhumela, swo tanihi: Ku famba-famba, ti- antenna leti nga tirhiki ngopfu ni muvala wa nhlonge wa le handle lowu nga vonakiki, muvala wa miri wu hundzuka wa wasi kumbe wo basa, tinhla ta milenge kumbe tintiho ti va to basa .

Ti hermit crabs totala, loko ti molting, tita tihambanisa na ntlhambi. Va ta kuma ndhawu leyi tumbeleke ku fikela siku leri va nga ta molt ha rona.

==== Filimi ====

* Crazy Joe (Ntsheketo wa Shark) .
* Blue Hermit Crab (Ti-Einstein letitsongo: Risimu ra Rirhandzu ra Annie).
* [[Herman]] (Jungle Beat: Filimi ya Xitsonga).
* Hermit Crab (Harry na Bakiti ra Yena leri Taleke hi Ti- Dinosaur: Vutivi bya le Hansi ka Mati).
* Hermit Crab (Stanley: Switlhavi swa ku kula).
* Red Hermit Crab (Ti-Einstein letitsongo: Risimu ra Rirhandzu ra Annie).</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Filipe Nyusi</title>
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      <text bytes="4997" sha1="o0y06b9w7o3zjqz7hl8azu487lpgpbf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox President|honorific-prefix=[[His Excellency]]|name=Filipe Nyusi|image=PM in a bilateral meeting with the President of the Republic of Mozambique, Mr. Filipe Jacinto Nyusi during the 15th BRICS Summit at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 24, 2023 (1) (cropped).jpg|caption=Nyusi in 2023|office=4th [[President of Mozambique]]|predecessor=[[Armando Guebuza]]|primeminister=[[Alberto Vaquina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Carlos Agostinho do Rosário]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Adriano Maleiane]]|successor=|office2=Chairman of [[Southern African Development Community]]|predecessor2=[[John Magufuli]]|successor2=[[Félix Tshisekedi]]|office3=Minister of National Defence|order3=|predecessor3=[[Tobias Joaquim Dai]]|successor3=[[Agostinho Mondlane]]|party=[[FRELIMO]]|nationality=Mozambican|spouse=[[Isaura Nyusi]]|children=4|residence=|alma_mater=*Antonín Zápotocký Military Academy&lt;br&gt;([[Brno]], [[Czechoslovakia]])|profession=Mechanical engineer|footnotes=|signature=|majority=|website={{URL|www.nyusi.org.mz}}}}
[[Category:Pages with Portuguese IPA]]
'''Filipe Jacinto Nyusi''' (born 9 February 1959) is a Mozambican politician serving since 2015 as the fourth President of Mozambique. I murhangeri wa sweswi wa FRELIMO, vandla leri a ri fuma [[Muzambhiki|Mozambique]] ku sukela loko ri ntshunxekile eka Portugal hi 1975. Ku engetela kwalaho, u tirhile tanihi Mutshamaxitulu wa Nhlangano wa Nhluvukiso wa Dzonga wa Afrika ku sukela hi Nhlangula 2020.  Hi nkarhi wa yena ehofisini, President Nyusi u tlakusile ku rhula na vuhlayiseki, naswona u sayinile mintwanano yo tala na mavandla lamakulu yo kaneta, [[RENAMO]], ku tisa ku rhula loku tiyeke na loku nga heriki eMozambhiki.

Nyusi u tirhile tani hi Holobye wa Vusirheleri ku sukela hi 2008 ku ya eka 2014 ehansi ka Armando Guebuza . U hlule eka nhlawulo wa vupresidente wa Mozambique wa 2014 na 2019 tani hi n’wandla wa FRELIMO. Hambi leswi ku nga na swihehlo swa ku nga tshamiseki     Phuresidente wa Khomixini ya Nhlawulo ya Rixaka u vule leswaku &quot;nhlawulo a wu ntshunxekile, wu lulamile naswona wu ri erivaleni&quot;,  laha Nhlayo ya Vumbiwa yi tiyisiseke mbuyelo hi ti 23 Dzivamisoko 2019  Hambiswiritano, hi ku ya hi European Union Election Observation Mission eMozambique, Commonwealth Observer Group, na Vuyimeri bya Amerika eMozambique, nhlawulo wa 2019 wu tiveka hi swiendlakalo swa vuxisi, ku chavisiwa, na ku dlayiwa ka varhangeri va nkaneto na vahlaleri va nhlawulo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;voaportugues.com&quot; /&gt; President wa Khomixini ya Nhlawulo ya Rixaka u pfumerile leswaku nhlawulo wa 2019 wu funghiwe hi ku nga tshamiseki, a vula leswaku &quot;hi yona mhaka loko [Khomixini ya Nhlawulo ya Rixaka] yi tivisa mbuyelo, a ku na munhu loyi a tweke [Khomixini ya Nhlawulo ya Rixaka] yi vula leswaku nhlawulo a wu ntshunxekile, wu lulamile na erivaleni.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Tocha&quot; /&gt;

Hi nkarhi wa yena ehofisini ku sukela hi 2015 ku ya eka 2018, ntshamiseko wa ku hunguta vusweti lowu voniweke exikarhi ka 2009–11 na 2015 wu hundzule ndlela; nhlayo ya vanhu lava pfumalaka hi swiyenge swo hambana yi tlakuke ku suka eka kwalomu ka 21.3 ku ya eka kwalomu ka 22.2 wa timiliyoni ta vanhu ku sukela hi 2015 ku ya eka 2018, laha miliyoni leyi engetelekeke ya vanhu lava pfumalaka ngopfungopfu va kumekaka etindhawini ta le makaya ta swifundzankulu swa le xikarhi. 

Ku sukela hi Dzivamisoko 2015, ku dlayiwile vanhu va xiyimo xa le henhla va kwalomu ka khume eMozambhiki.  Lava va katsa varhangeri va mavandla lama kanetaka, vateki va mahungu, ni swidyondzi .     &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; Khale, a ku na varhangeri va xiyimo xa le henhla lava hlamuseriweke hi ndlela leyi fanaka va mavandla yo kaneta na swidyondzeki lava vikiweke va dlayiwile ku sukela eka Ntwanano wa ku Rhula wa 1992 exikarhi ka RENAMO na FRELIMO.  Nyusi u tlhele a hehliwa hi ku tirhisa matimba hi ndlela yo biha; xikombiso, kwalomu ka 90,000 wa tidesika ta xikolo leti tisiweke erivaleni hi Nyusi hi September 2018 ti endliwe hi khamphani leyi 50% a yi ri ya n’wana wa yena wa nhwanyana.   Ku tlula kwalaho, matsalwa ya khoto lama fayileriweke hi Jean Boustani eHubyeni ya Xifundzha ya le United States ya Xifundzha xa le Vuxeni xa New York hi 2019 na hi Iskandar Safa eka The High Court of Justice eLondon hi 2021 ya hehla leswaku Nyusi u amukele ku fika eka 2 wa timiliyoni ta tirhandi ta mali yo lomba hi 2014 hi ku hlangana na swikweleti leswi nga riki enawini (leswi tlhelaka swi tiviwa tanihi &quot;swikweleti leswi fihliweke&quot;), leswi vangeke xiphiqo xa ikhonomi eMozambique loko a ha ri Holobye wa Vusirheleri na/kumbe endzhaku ka sweswo.  

Nkarhi wa Nyusi ehofisini wu funghiwe hi ku nyanya ka nyimpi eka swifundzha swa le xikarhi na le n’walungwini wa Mozambique.    Mfumo wa FRELIMO wu hlamuseriwile tanihi lowu nga na vulawuri hi The Economist Intelligence Unit,  Monjane na van’wana, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=69–94}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Manning na van’wana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Revolutionaries to Politicians: The Case of Mozambique|page=181–210}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <title>.zw</title>
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      <text bytes="1245" sha1="h69hbt9326vt551o8rjancojmiiqq8c" xml:space="preserve">'''.zw''' i khodi ya tiko ya [[Inthaneti|inthanete]] ya domain ya xiyimo xa le henhla ( [[ccTLD]] ) ya [[Zimbabwe]] . 

Hambi leswi ku nga riki na webusayiti ya rhijisitara leyi kombisiweke eka nxaxamelo wa IANA whois, ku tsarisiwa ka '''.co.zw''' sweswi ku tekiwa hi Nhlangano wa Vaphakeri va Vukorhokeri bya Inthanete wa Zimbabwe (ZISPA),  lowu tsalwa ra wona ri vulaka leswaku xin’wana xa swikongomelo swa ku simekiwa ka nhlangano a ku ri ku langutela domain '''ya .zw''' . TelOne yi tlhela yi xaxametiwa tanihi vuhlanganisi bya vufambisi na bya xithekiniki bya domain.

Ku tsarisiwa '''ka .ac.zw''' ku tekiwa hi Yunivhesiti ya Zimbabwe . Swikombelo swi khomiwa hi Senthara ya Tikhompyuta ya xivandla lexi.  Ku fana na mukhuva wo angarhela, ku tsarisiwa '''ka .ac.zw''' i ka swivandla swa dyondzo. 

Ku tsarisiwa '''ka .org.zw''' ku tekiwa hi muphakeri wa vuhlanganisi bya riqingho loyi a nga cinciki wa tiko, [[TelOne]] .   Leswi swi endleriwe ku tirhisiwa hi [[tiNGO]], na tinhlengeletano leti fanaka kambe swipimelo swihi na swihi a swi le rivaleni.

'''.gov.zw''' na '''.mil.zw''' ti tirhisiwa eka tiwebsite ta masocha na ta mfumo ta Zimbabwe. 

Tidomeni ta .zw ti tirhisiwa hi le hansi ka 0.1% wa tiwebsite hinkwato emisaveni hinkwayo.</text>
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    <title>Vasco da Gama</title>
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{{Infobox President|image=Ignoto portoghese, ritratto di un cavaliere dell'ordine di cristo, 1525-50 ca. 02.jpg|caption=Anonymous portrait, {{circa|1525}}|order=|office=[[List of governors of Portuguese India|Viceroy of Portuguese India]]|monarch=[[John III of Portugal]]|predecessor=[[Duarte de Menezes]]|successor=[[Henrique de Meneses]]|spouse=Catarina de Ataíde|children=[[:pt:Francisco da Gama|Francisco da Gama, 2nd Count of Vidigueira]] &lt;br&gt; [[Estêvão da Gama (16th century)|Estêvão da Gama, Governor of Portuguese India]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Cristóvão da Gama|Cristóvão da Gama, Captain of Malacca]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[#Marriage and descendants|Among others]]''&lt;/small&gt;|occupation=Explorer, [[List of colonial heads of Portuguese India|Viceroy of India]]|profession=|signature=Vasco da Gama signature almirante.svg|footnotes=}}
[[Category:Pages with European Portuguese IPA]]
D. '''Vasco da Gama, Mufumi wo Sungula wa Vidigueira''' ( {{IPAc-en|ˌ|v|æ|s|k|u|_|d|ə|_|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|m|ə|,_|-|_|ˈ|ɡ|æ|m|ə}} – 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and nobleman who was the first European to reach [[Indiya|India]] by sea.

Riendzo ra yena rosungula roya e India hi ndlela ya Cape of Good Hope  (1497–1499) akuri rosungula ku hlanganisa Europe na [[Axiya|Asia]] hi ndlela ya lwandle, leyi hlanganisaka Atlantic na malwandle ya India. Lexi a ku ri xiendlakalo xa nkoka eka ku lavisisa ka le lwandle ka Maputukezi tanihi naswona xi funghe masungulo ya xiyenge lexi sekeriweke elwandle xa ku hlanganisiwa ka [[misava]] hinkwayo .  Ku tshuburiwa ka ndlela ya lwandle leyi yaka e India hi Da Gama swi pfule ndlela ya nguva ya vuimperiyali bya misava hinkwayo naswona swi endle leswaku Maputukezi ya kota ku simeka [[Mfumo wa Maputukezi|mfumo wa vukoloni lowu nga tshama nkarhi wo leha]] endleleni yo suka eAfrika ku ya eAsia. Ku famba hi ndlela ya lwandle swi pfumelele Maputukezi ku papalata ku tsemakanya [[Lwandle ra Meditera|Lwandle ra Mediteraniya]] leri ku kanetiwaka ngopfu ha rona ni ku tsemakanya Nhlonhle ya Maarabu leyi nga ni khombo . Nhlayo ya [[mpfhuka]] lowu fambisiweke eka maendzo yo ya ehandle ni yo tlhelela yi endle leswaku riendzo leri ri va riendzo ro leha swinene ra lwandle leri tshameke ri endliwa ku fikela hi nkarhi wolowo. &lt;ref&gt;Diffie, Bailey W. and George D. Winius, ''Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580'', p. 176&lt;/ref&gt;

Endzhaku ka makume ya malembe ya vatluti va ringeta ku fika e Indies, laha magidi ya vutomi bya magidi na swikepe swotala swi lahlekeke eka ku tshoveka ka swikepe na nhlaselo, da Gama yi fike yi dzima e Calicut hi May 20, 1498. Ku nghena handle ko kanetiwa eka tindlela ta swipayisisi ta le Indiya swi tlakusile ikhonomi ya [[Mfumo wa Maputukezi|Mfumo wa Portugal]], lowu khale a wu sekeriwe etlhelo ka Afrika Vupeladyambu N'walungu na le ribuweni ra lwandle . Swinun’hweriso leswikulu leswi eku sunguleni a swi kumiwa eDzonga-vuxa bya Asia a ku ri phepha ni sinamoni, kambe hi ku hatlisa swi katsa swilo swin’wana, hinkwaswo leswi a swi ri swintshwa eYuropa. Portugal ri hlayise vulawuri bya mabindzu bya swixavisiwa leswi ku ringana makume yo hlayanyana ya malembe. A ku ri endzhaku ka lembe-xidzana laha mimfumo yin’wana ya le [[Yuropa]] yi koteke ku tlhontlha vulawuri bya Portugal lebyi nga ni vulawuri byin’we ni ku fuma ka masocha ya le matini [[eCape Route]] .

Da Gama u rhangele timbirhi ta ma -India Armadas ya le Portugal, yo sungula ni ya vumune. Leyo hetelela a yi ri yikulu swinene naswona yi suke yi ya eIndiya endzhaku ka malembe manharhu a vuyile eka yo sungula. Hikwalaho ka minyikelo yakwe, hi 1524 da Gama u hlawuriwe ku va Holobye wa le Indiya, a ri ni xithopo xa Viceroy, naswona u xiximiwile tanihi Count of Vidigueira hi 1519. U tshama ari munhu loyi a rhangelaka eka matimu ya ku hlota, naswona ku xiximiwa emisaveni hinkwayo ku tlangele ku hlota ka yena na ku humelela ka yena. Xitlhokovetselo xa rixaka xa Xiputukezi, ''Os Lusíadas'', xi tsariwe ku n’wi xixima hi Luís de Camões .

[[Category:Pages with European Portuguese IPA]]</text>
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    <title>Respect mlambo</title>
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      <text bytes="1192" sha1="strwb6631eash9r6ivac27ib5iq3w9p" xml:space="preserve">Dr Respect Mlambo

Dokodela Respect Mlambo i Mutivi wa tindzimi tlhelo mulavisisi wa ririmi ra Xitsonga eka South African Centre for Digital Resources (SADiLaR). Eka mindzavisiso ya yena u languta ngopfu eka mofoloji, semantiki, ku vumbiwa ka marito yantshwa na swin’wani. Respect Mlambo u velekiwile hi ti 15 Sunguti hi lembe ra 1991 edorobeni ra Giyani laha a nga dyondza kona xikolo ku suka eka xikolo xa le hansi ku fikela eka ntangha ya khume.&lt;ref&gt;https://sadilar.org/en/researcher-xitsonga/&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Swadyondzo'''

Endzhaku ko heta ntangha khume, u vile a kongoma exilungwini laha a tirha swintirhwani ku kondza hi lembe ra 2013 laha a nga sungula tidyondzo ta yena ta BA media studies and languages eyunivhesiti ya Venda. Mlambo u dyondzile eyunivhesiti ya Venda ku kondza a ambexiwa nguvu ya vudokodela hi lembe ra 2024.

Eka swa ntirho u tirhile eyunivhesiti ya Venda eka ndzawulo ya African languages, ku suka kwalanu u sukile a ya tirha tani hi mulavisisi wa ririmi ra Xitsonga eka SADiLaR. Respect Mlambo hi ku tirhisana na van’wani u kandziyisile mapapila yo hlaya nyana laha a ku endliwa vulavisisi eka ririmi ra Xitsonga ku katsa na tin’wani tindzimi to fan ana Xiswati.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Benny mayengani</title>
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      <text bytes="1998" sha1="ai2upd7n9aiw8892q0e9vvnm5sfbg1t" xml:space="preserve">Bennet Skheto Baloyi (a nga tswariwa hi 11 Sunguti 1979) loyi a tivekaka hi vito ra yena ra vunanga ra President Benny Mayengani I Xiyimbeleri xa vunanga bya Xitsonga xa le Afrika Dzonga. I sungurile ku duma swinene hi lembe ra 2011 loko a humesa alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya ‘''Tiba Ben’''.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Xitsonga Music Awards Nominees&quot;. Radiobiz. Archived from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Swa Vunanga

Benny Mayengani u tiveka ngopfu hi k uva a tirhile swinene na tinsini to fana na Mr Jambatani, Prince Rhangani, Joe Shirimani na Vana va Ndoda ehansi ka ntlawa wa Limpopo Poison. Hi lembe ra 2011 u humesile album ya yena yo sungula ya ‘''Tiba Ben’'' ley inga endla leswaku a va na ndhuma swinene eka vunanga. Hi ti 28 ta Ndzhati hu lembe ra 2013 hi nkarhi wa Xitsonga music awards Benny Mayengani a xaxametiwile eka swiyenge swinharhu swa Best Xitsonga male artist, Best Xitsonga popular song of the year na Best album of the year.

Hi lembe ra 2019 u humesile alibamu ya yena ya vukhume ley inga thyiwa ''Ni Happy'' ley inga xaxametiwa eka Limpopo music awards eka xiyenge xa Best male artist. Hi ti 27 ta Hikuri 2020 Mayengani u humesile alibamu ya ‘Malambani’ ley inga tshama eka xiyimo xo sungula masiku ya mune hi ku landzelelana eka nxaxameto wa vunanga wa Itunes.

Swa tipolotiki

Ehandle ko va nsini, Benny Mayengani u tlhela a va n’watipolotiki, naswona u ve muyimbeleri wo sungula wa vunanga bya Xitsonga laha a nga kala a va xirho eka huvo  ya vakhanselara eka doroba ra Johannesburg ehansi ka vandla ra EFF hi 2016. Hi 2019 Mayengani u vile a chika eka xitulu xexo laha a nga joyina vandla ra ANC hi 2020&lt;ref&gt; Malatji, Ngwako (7 October 2019). &quot;Irate musician quits as EFF councillor&quot;. Sunday World. Retrieved 29 March 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hi n’hweti ya khotavuxika 2023, Mayengani u tivisile leswaku u pfula vandla ra yena ra tipolotiki ra AADP (Action Alliance Development Party).&lt;ref&gt;https://briefly.co.za/65713-benny-mayengani-bio.html&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xinghwimbi</title>
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      <text bytes="924" sha1="jejffpuz3ez67z49f9r8szqthx8ve1o" xml:space="preserve">'''Xinghwimbi''' 

Xinghwimbi i swin'wani swa swakudya swa xinto swa Vatsonga leswi a swi dume ngopfu eka minkarhi ya khale. Xinghwimbi xi endliwa hi swifaki swa mitshwandlani, leswo ka swi nga se tiya swi endla mavele naswona swi va swa ha nyanganya xikan'we na timanga leto kandzeriwa.&lt;ref&gt;The development, standardisation and acceptability of the traditional Tsonga-Shangaan dishes - Malaza M.T (2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Maswekelo'''

Loko munhu a lava ku sweka Xinghwimbi u fanele a teka mavele a matsemelela, laha a nga ta suka mimpumpurhu ku sala tindoho ntsena. Ku suka kwalanu mavele ya fanele ku hlantswiwa hi mati yo basa ya cheriwa endzeni ka poto, ivi ku cheriwa mati yo ringanela. loko mavele ya tava ya virile nkarhi wo ringanela ku ta cheriwa timanga to kandzeriwa laha swi nga ta hakasiwa swize swi hlangana.

Xinghwimbi i swakudya leswi swi kalaka eka nkarhi wa sweswi lero vanhu vo tela a va switivi leswaku i yini.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tsopi</title>
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      <text bytes="899" sha1="9ffeuamhejf4zt5ij0p6yrkxqxd1ihg" xml:space="preserve">Tshopi

Tshopi i swan'wana swa swakudya swa Vatsonga swa xinto, Tshopi ri swekiwa hi Magwadi kumbe makwembe, mugayu,chukele xikan'we na mati. Eka tsalwa leri hi ta vulavula hi tshopi ra magwadi.&lt;ref&gt;https://briefly.co.za/30548-tsonga-culture-people-language-music-food-traditional-attire.html&lt;/ref&gt;
Maswekelo

Loko munhu a lava ku sweka tshopi u ta sungula hi ku vandla magwadi a susa makamba kutani a tsemelela leswaku a susa tinyungu leti kumekaka endzeni. Endzhaku ko vandla no susa tinyungu uta hlantswa gwadi kutani a chela epotweni a tseleka ivi a swi tshika swi vila. Loko swi tava swi virile ku kondza swi vupfa u ta tirhisa nkombe kumbe rifetho ku hakasela ku kondza swi hundzuka mukapu. ku suka kwalanu ku ta laveka mugayu laha swi nga ta phyakuteriwa ingaku kova vuswa ku kondza swi tiya. Tani hi leswi magwadi ma swi dzungelaku nyana, ku ta cheriwa chukele leswaku swi nyanganyela nyana.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xitsongwatsongwana xa gonimbrasia belina</title>
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      <text bytes="1285" sha1="kvkbsu3wsswozjyjw0e2iejnsfyv6n5" xml:space="preserve">'''''Gonimbrasia belina''''' i muxaka wa emperor moth lowu tumbulukaka eka tindzhawu leti kufumelaka ta dzonga wa Afrika . Xivungu xa yona lexikulu lexi dyiwaka, lexi tiviwaka tanihi '''mophane worm''', '''madora''', '''amacimbi''' “pigeon moth” kumbe '''masontja''', xi dya ngopfu kambe ku nga ri matluka [[Colophospermum mophane|ya murhi wa mophane]] ntsena. Ti mophane worms i xihlovo xa nkoka xa ti protein eka votala eka ndzhawu liya. Muxaka lowu wu hlamuseriwe ro sungula hi sayense hi John O. Westwood hi 1849.

== Ku tiveka ==

Switsotswana leswi i swikulu naswona swina timpapa ta 120&amp;nbsp;mm. Timpapa tina mihlovo ya fawn kuya eka tinxaka ta rihlaza na buraweni kuya eka to tshwuka, na mabandhi mambirhi ya ntima na yo basa lawa ya hambanisaka swivati swa mahlo . Xivati xa mahlo xa orenji xi kona eka ripapa rin’wana ni rin’wana ra le ndzhaku . Ti moths ta xinuna tina ti feathery antennaes, leti tirhisiwaka ku kuma munghana. Ti larvae i ta ntima, ti peperiwile hi swikalo swa xirhendzevutani eka mabandhi ya rihlaza ro basa na yotshuka lawa ya cincanaka lawa yanga vonakiki, naswona ya hlomile hi misiha yo koma ya ntima kumbe yotshuka leyi funengetiweke hi voya byo basa byo basa.
[[File:Mophane_Worm_eggs.jpg|thumb|Xirhabyani xa tandza ra xitsotswana xa Mopane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ku kufumela</title>
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'''Temperate''' i ndzhawu [[Tinguva|ya maxelo]] leyi kumekaka eka ti latitudes kusuka eka subtropical kuya eka ti polar circles ta Misava, exikarhi ka tindzhawu to hisa na to titimela, mpfhuka kusuka eka tropics kuya eka polar circle eka ti hemispheres leti hatimbirhi. Vunyingi bya ndzhawu leyi papamalaka ya zone leyi yitshama e Northern Hemisphere, laha kungana xiphemu lexintsongo ntsena eka Southern Hemisphere. Tindzhawu leti kufumelaka ti kombisa tinguva leti baseke naswona ti kona eka Northern na Southern Hemispheres . Maxelo eka ndzhawu leyi yasuka eka maxelo yale lwandle lawa yanga na ku cinca cinca lokuntsongo ka mahiselo xikan’we na mpfula yale henhla kuya eka maxelo ya tikonkulu lawa yanga na ku cinca cinca lokukulu ka mahiselo naswona ya omile swinene. Hi tlhelo ra [[Sayensi ya maxele|meteorology]], tindhawu to tala leti hisaka ti ni mimoya leyi nga kona leyi nga evupela-dyambu-vuxa.

== Ku hambana ka mbango ==

Ntumbuluko wo kufumela wu cinca eka tinguva ta mune: ximun’wana, ximumu, ximun’wana, xixika. Ndzhawu yo kufumela nayona ya hambana kuya hi ndzhawu yin’wana kuya eka yin’wana kuya hi latitude, nkucetelo wa maboboma ya lwandle na mimoya yo kufumela yale vupela dyambu.

West Coast ya tikonkulu leri yikuceteriwa hi maboboma yo hisa ya lwandle xikan’we na mimoya yo kufumela ya West, hikokwalaho yina ndzhawu yo kufumela ya lwandle : leyi tsakamaka lembe hinkwaro, ximumu xo kufumela, xixika xo titimela ngopfu. Loko u nghena endzeni ka tiko, ntumbuluko wa tiko-nkulu wu ya wu va erivaleni: mpfula ya hunguteka hakatsongo-tsongo, xixika xa titimela naswona gamboko yi na ngopfu naswona ximumu xa hisa. Swimilani swi cinca hakatsongotsongo kusuka evupela dyambu kuya evuxeni: makhwati ya matluka yo anama ya cinca kuya eka makhwati lawa ya pfanganisiweke naswona ekuheteleleni makhwati ya coniferous.

Eka ti latitudes leti tlakukeke, xixika xa titimela swinene naswona xi lehe, ximumu xa koma naswona ku na mpfula. Ekusuhi na Tropic of Cancer, kuna ndzhawu ya Mediterranean: ximumu xo hisa &amp; xo oma, xixika xo kufumela, mpfula yotala hi xixika na xixika. Swimilani na swona swa cinca kusuka en’walungwini kuya e dzongeni: makhwati ya coniferous ya cinca kuya eka makhwati lawa ya pfanganisiweke kutani ya hundzuka ti savannas na makhwati ya mitwa ya scrub.

== Vona swo tala ==

* [[Khí hậu ôn đới lạnh|Maxelo yo titimela yo kufumela]]
* [[Khí hậu hải dương|Maxelo ya le lwandle]]
* [[Khí hậu lục địa|Maxelo ya tiko-nkulu]]
* [[Hàn đới|Titimela]]
* [[Nhiệt đới|Xifundzha xa le tindhawini to hisa]]
* [[Cận nhiệt đới|Subtropical]]
* [[Các đới khí hậu|Tindhawu ta maxelo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oak</title>
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      <text bytes="2410" sha1="1xjuwkyleckk29au3vgdqzg1bce6a1n" xml:space="preserve">'''Oak''' i nsinya wa mapulanga yo tiya kumbe xihlahla xa muxaka wa '''''Quercus''''' wa ndyangu wa beech . Ti ni matluka lama hleriweke hi ndlela leyi rhendzelekaka, hakanyingi ma ni makumu lama nga ni swirhendzevutana, ni nati leyi vuriwaka acorn, leyi rhwariweke endzeni ka khapu. Muxaka lowu wu hangalakile swinene e Northern Hemisphere; yi katsa tinxaka ta kwalomu ka 500, leti khulukaka matluka ni leti tshamaka ti ri rihlaza . Ti fossil oaks tisungule eka Middle [[Eocene]] . Molecular phylogeny yikombisa leswaku muxaka lowu wu avanyisiwile hi [[Old World]] na New World [[clades]], kambe tinxaka totala ta oak ti hlangana hiku ntshunxeka, leswi endlaka leswaku matimu ya muxaka lowu switika ku ma lulamisa.

Hi tlhelo ra ikholoji, mirhi ya oak i tinxaka ta maribye ya nkoka eka tindhawu to tshama eka tona ku suka eka semi-desert ya Mediteraniya ku ya eka makhwati ya mpfula ya subtropical . Ti hanya hiku fambisana na tinxaka totala ta fungi kukatsa na ti truffles . Ti oaks ti seketela kutlula 950 wa tinxaka ta caterpillar, tinxaka totala ta gall wasp leti endlaka ti galls to hlawuleka, swirhumbana swa swirhendzevutani swa tihunyi swofana na apula ra oak, na nhlayo leyikulu ya switsotswana na mavabyi. Matluka ya oak na ti acorns tina tannin yoringanela kuva yiva na chefu eka tihomu, kambe tinguluve tikota ku gayela ti hlayisekile. Tihunyi ta oak ti tiyile naswona ti tiya, naswona ti kume matirhiselo yotala eka ku aka naku endla fanichara. Hi ntolovelo madzovo ya kona a ma tirhisiwa ku tshungula dzovo . Migerho ya vhinyo yi endliwe hi murhi wa oak; leswi switirhisiwa ku dyuhala swakunwa swa xihoko swofana na sherry na whisky, leswi nyikaka tinxaka tohambana hambana ta nantswo, mihlovo na nun’hwelo. Makwandzasi ya xiponci ya cork oak ya tirhisiwa ku endla ti corks ta ndhavuko ta mabodlhela ya wayeni. Kwalomu ka n’we-xa-nharhu xa tinxaka ta oak ti le khombyeni ro herisiwa hikwalaho ka ku cinca ka [[maxelo]], switsotswana leswi hlaselaka, ni ku lahlekeriwa hi ndhawu yo tshama eka yona .

Eka ndzhavuko, nsinya wa oak i xikombiso xa matimba naswona wutirha tani hi nsinya wa tiko ra matiko yotala. Eka vukhongeri bya Indo-Europe ni lebyi fambisanaka na byona, murhi wa oak wu fambisana ni swikwembu swa ku dzindza ka tilo . Mirhi ya oak ha yin’we-yin’we leyi nga ni nkoka wa ndhavuko yi katsa Royal Oak eBritain, Charter Oak eUnited States ni Guernica Oak eTikweni ra Basque .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Swakudya swa Afrika</title>
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      <text bytes="7136" sha1="n6wzvm7m0n4g2xag0d87422oycm772u" xml:space="preserve">'''Swakudya swa Afrika''' i swakudya swa [[ndzhavuko]] wa tikonkulu naswona matimu ya rona ya hlanganisiwile na xitori xa vanhu va ndzhavuko [[Afrika|wa Afrika]] . Swakudya leswi vanhu va kwalaho va Afrika va swi dyaka swi kuceteriwe hi [[vukhongeri]] bya vona swin’we ni [[Tinguva|maxelo]] ni ndlela leyi va hanyaka ha yona .

Vanhu vo sungula va Afrika ku tshama etikweni-nkulu leri a ku ri vahloti-vahlengeleti lava a va dya leswi va swi kumeke [[Ntumbuluko|ekhwatini]] . Loko vurimi byi ri karhi byi duma swinene eAfrika, swakudya leswi sekeriweke [[Vurimi|eka vurimi]] swi tano. 

Hi ndzhavuko, swakudya swohambana hambana swa Afrika switirhisa nkatsakanyo wa switirhisiwa leswi endliweke hi swimilani na [[mbewu]]   handle ka swakudya leswi humaka ematikweni mambe. Eka tindzhawu tin’wana ta tikonkulu, swakudya swa ndzhavuko swikatsa switirhisiwa swotala swa timintsu.  

Central Africa, East Africa, North Africa, [[Afrika-Dzonga|South Africa]] na West Africa yin’wana na yin’wana yina swakudya swo hlawuleka, tindlela to lulamisela na maendlelo yo dyiwa.

== Matimu ==

Masungulo ya swakudya swa ndzhavuko swa Afrika swisungule eka magidi ya malembe kuya eka Bronze Age e Northeast Africa, laha nhluvuko wosungula wusunguleke ku byala [[mavele]] yofana na barley na koroni. 

Xiphemu xa Afrika N’walungu xi le ndzeni ka Fertile Crescent, laha Vaegipta va khale a va endla vurimi lebyi tshamisekeke endhawini yoleyo. Swifuwo swofana na [[timbhongolo]] na tinyimpfu na swona aswi fuyiwa, swisungule ku hangalaka ka vurimi kuya eka tindzhawu tin’wana ta Afrika, ngopfu ngopfu Afrika Vupela dyambu, hambi leswi tinxaka totala ati hanya tani hi vahloti-vahlengeleti Simple collection. 

Vahloti vambirhi [[va Maarabu]], Leo Africanus na Ibn Battuta, va hlamusele mikhuva yo dya ya Maafrika lawa va hlanganeke na wona loko va famba hi le dzongeni wa Sahara Afrika. Vunyingi bya vafambi lava humaka eYuropa va tshame ekusuhi ni tindhawu leti nga eribuweni ku fikela eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana leri 19. Tidayari ta vona to tala ti tlhele ti tsala vuxokoxoko malunghana ni swakudya ni swibyariwa. Swilo swo tala leswikulu swi sungule ku tirhisiwa endzhaku loko Afrika ri ri tikoloni hi vanhu va le [[Yuropa]].

Swakudya leswi sweswi swinga xiphemu xa nkoka eka swakudya swa Afrika swofana na mavele na matamatisi aswinga tsakeriwi kufikela eka malembe xidzana lawa yanga hundza19 . 

Nkucetelo wa swakudya swa le Afrika eka swakudya swa le Kharibiya, swa le Brazil, swa le Amerika swa le Hansi ni [[Ẩm thực Cajun|swa le Cajun]] leswi humaka eLouisiana wu voniwa eka swakudya swa rhayisi ya rihlaza ni swin’wetsin’wetsi swo tanihi ''efo ya le Afrika-Caribbean'', ''dukkanoo'' ni ''callaloo'' . Callaloo i xiphemu xa matluka ya [[Rihlaza|rihlaza lawa]] ya dyiwaka ya ximilani (kufana na taro kumbe xirho xa muxaka wa Xanthosoma ) xa ndyangu wa arum lexi tirhisiwaka tani hi muroho wa rihlaza . Leyi nakambe i supu kumbe xisibi lexi endliwaka kusuka eka miroho ya rihlaza, anyanisi na nyama ya crab kumbe nyama ya nguluve.

Okra, leyi nghenisiweke eAfrika, yi tirhisiwa eka supu ya ndhavuko ya Louisiana Gumbo, naswona rhayisi leyi humaka eUnited States yi byariwa eCarolinas . Lowcountry, ngopfu ngopfu [[South Carolina]] e [[Amerikha|United States]], yikuceteriwile hi tindlela to byala rice ta Afrika Vupela dyambu naswona mahlonga yotala ya huma eka tindzhawu leti byariwaka rice e West Africa. Swakudya swa le matikweni ya le hansi swa ha tiveka hi swakudya swa swona swa rhayisi leswi sayinaka. &lt;ref&gt;Freedman, P., Chaplin, J.E., &amp; Albala, K. (2014). Food in Time and Place: The American Historical Association Companion to Food History. Berkeley: Nhà xuất bản [[Đại học California tại Berkeley|Đại học California]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Afrika Xikarhi ==

Afrika Xikarhi ri sukela eTintshaveni ta Tibesti en’walungwini ku ya fika ekhwatini lerikulu ra mpfula ra Nambu wa Congo, [[eXifundzheni]] xa Kivu, ni le [[Savannah]] ya Katanga .

Swakudya swa ndzhawu leyi swikuceteriwa hi swakudya swa ma Swahili (ndhavuko lowu hluvukeke hiku hlanganisiwa ka mindhavuko ya [[Bantu]], [[Yemeni]], [[Omani]] na [[Indiya|Indian]]) hi nkarhi wa ku xavisiwa ka mahlonga e [[Sahara]] hinkwayo .

Nkucetelo wa swakudya swa Swahili wunga kumeka eka swakudya swofana na xinkwa lexi oxiweke xa ''mandazi'' lexi humaka e Swahili Coast, ''rice [[pilaf]]'', na [[saladi]] ya matamatisi yotsakama na anyanisi leyi dumeke eka swakudya swa Great Lakes i ''[[kachumbari]]'', ''sambusa'' na chicken curry na masi ya coconut ''[[Kuku Paka|kuku paka]]'' . 

Swakudya swale Afrika Xikarhi na swona swikuceteriwile hi ma Portuguese, hiku tirhisa Mifumo ya Kongo na Ndongo. Tinhlampfi leti nga ni munyu ti sungule ku tiviwa endzhaku ka ku xavisiwa ka tona eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana leri 17 naswona rito ra ''Xikikongo'' ra nhlampfi leyi nga ni munyu, ''makayabu'', ri huma eka rito leri nge ''[[bacalhau]]'' (ba-cal-ha-u). 

Nkucetelo wa swakudya swa ma Portugal wu vonaka ngopfu e Angola, Sao Tomé nale Equatorial Guinea. Central Africa yitlhela yikuceteriwa hi swakudya swale East, West na Southern Africa hikokwalaho ka kuva swiri ekusuhi swinene, xikombiso, ''[[babuté]]'' kumbe ''[[bobotie]]'' yi averiwa na dzonga, ''[[nyama choma]]'' nale vuxeni na Gombo sauce na West Africa.

E Afrika Xikarhi vanhu va byala swibyariwa swotala, kukatsa na ti yams, cassava, plantains na plantains, sweet potatoes na cocoyams. Swibyariwa leswi swi hundzuke swakudya swa nkoka eka swakudya swa vanhu vo tala eAfrika Xikarhi. 

''[[Fufu]]'' - swakudya leswingana starch hi ntolovelo swiendliwa kusuka eka ti cassava tubers leti virisiweke, kambe swinga tlhela swi lulamisiwa kusuka eka mabanana, mavele na ti yams. ''Fufu'' yi phameriwa hi xitayili xa buffet na nyama leyi griyiweke, tihlampfi, switolwa, miroho ya rihlaza na ti peppers ta Piri Piri. Swilo swotala swa ndzhawu liya switirhisiwa eka swakudya swin’wana, swofana na xisibi xa xipinichi lexi swekiweke hi matamatisi, ti peppers, ti chili peppers, anyanisi na peanut butter .  East Central Africa nakambe i yin’wana ya tindzhawu titsongo e Afrika leti tirhisaka timbatata tani hi xihlovo xa yona lexikulu hikuva timbatata ta olova ku byala eka ndzhawu leyi.

Ximilani xa cassava xitlhela xidyiwa tani hi muroho wa rihlaza lowu swekiweke. Swimilani swa tuberous leswi milaka ehansi ka misava kuva swihumelerisa mafurha (peanuts) na swona swa lulamisiwa kukatsa na huku, okra, ginger na swin’wana swipayisisi. Nyama ya homu na huku i swakudya swa nyama leswi dumeke, kambe nkarhi wun’wana swakudya swa game kukatsa na ngwenya, ndlopfu, antelope na warthog na swona swa phameriwa.     

=== Rixaka ===

* [[Ẩm thực Angola|Swakudya swa le Angola]]
* [[Ẩm thực Cameroon|Swakudya swa le Cameroon]]
* [[Ẩm thực Cộng hòa Trung Phi|Cuisine ya Riphabliki ra Afrika Xikarhi]]
* [[Ẩm thực Chadian|Swakudya swa le Chad]]
* [[Ẩm thực Congo|Swakudya swa le Congo]]
* [[Ẩm thực Guinea Xích đạo|Swakudya swa le Equatorial Guinea]]
* [[Ẩm thực Gabon|Swakudya swa le Gabon]]
* [[Ẩm thực São Tomé và Príncipe|Swakudya swa le São Tomé na Príncipe]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rixaka ra xihlala</title>
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      <text bytes="419" sha1="2plo724gt9omxji3idkn7s7telrgztc" xml:space="preserve">'''Rixaka ra swihlala''' kumbe '''tiko ra swihlala''' i tiko leri kumekaka hi ku helela eka xihlala xin’we kumbe swo tala, kumbe swiphemu swo karhi swa swihlala. Leswi swi vula leswaku matiko lawa a ma na ndhawu yo karhi eka tiko-nkulu leri . Kuna 47 wa matiko ya swihlala, lawa ya endlaka 24% wa matiko ya 193 lawa yanga swirho swa Nhlangano wa Matiko, lawa yotala ya wona yanga matiko lamantsongo swinene emisaveni.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dyandza</title>
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      <text bytes="450" sha1="g3rgbctx2uhnoeod5782wl0moxyy17w" xml:space="preserve">Ndzhawu yivuriwa '''arid''' loko yitiveka hiku pfumaleka swinene ka mati, kufikela laha yi sivelaka kumbe ku sivela kukula naku kula ka vutomi bya swimilani na swiharhi. Tindhawu leti tivekaka hi maxelo yo oma ti tala ku pfumala swimilana naswona ti vuriwa xeric kumbe mananga . Maxelo yotala ya &quot;arid&quot; yatshama eka equator ; tindhawu leti ti katsa swiphemu swa [[Afrika]], [[Axiya|Asia]], Amerika Dzonga, Amerika Xikarhi na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>A</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-08-23T05:37:03Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1220" sha1="i3dhm33xraa1wl7ezxo020qtj6vynky" xml:space="preserve">'''A''', kumbe '''a''', i letere ro sungula na letere ro sungula ra xitwari eka maletere ya Xilatini,  {{sfn|Simpson|Weiner|1989|p=1}} lama tirhisiwaka eka maletere ya manguva lawa ya Xinghezi, na man’wana emisaveni hinkwayo. Vito ra yona hi Xinghezi ''i'' (ri vitaniwa {{IPAc-en|'|eɪ}} {{respell|AY}} ), vunyingi ''aes'' .{{refn|''Aes'' is the plural of the name of the letter. The plural of the letter itself is rendered ''A''s, A's, ''a''s, or a's.|group=nb}}{{sfn|Simpson|Weiner|1989|p=1}}

Ri fana hi xivumbeko ni letere ra Xigriki ra Khale ra alpha, leri ri humaka eka rona. {{sfn|McCarter|1974|p=54}} Vuhundzuluxeri bya maletere lamakulu byi na matlhelo mambirhi lama rhetaka ya triangle, lama tsemakanyeke exikarhi hi bar leyi nga etlhelo. Vuhundzuluxi bya maletere lamatsongo byi tala ku tsariwa hi yin’wana ya swivumbeko swimbirhi: ya swithezi swimbirhi {{gph|a}} na xiteji xin'we {{gph|ɑ}} . Leyo hetelela yi tala ku tirhisiwa eka matsalelo ya voko ni le ka tifonto leti sekeriweke eka yona, ngopfu-ngopfu tifonto leti kunguhatiweke ku hlayiwa hi vana, naswona yi tlhela yi kumeka hi [[thayipi yo olova]] .

Hi Xinghezi, ''a'' i xihloko lexi nga pimiwangiki, lexi nga na xivumbeko xin’wana ''xa an'' .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lupita Nyong'o</title>
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      <comment>/* Nakambe vona */</comment>
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      <text bytes="9361" sha1="mcd6ah810ojdok8j0mfyul70jd0l0hu" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Lupita Nyong'o by Gage Skidmore 4.jpg|thumb|Lupita Nyong'o in 2024]]
'''Lupita Amondi Nyong'o''' ({{IPAc-en|US|l|uː|ˈ|p|iː|t|ə|_|ˈ|n|j|ɔː|ŋ|oʊ}} born 1 March 1983) is a Kenyan and Mexican actress. Her [[List of awards and nominations received by Lupita Nyong'o|accolades]] include an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] and a [[Daytime Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Award]], and nominations for two [[British Academy Film Awards]], a [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]] and a [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]].

N’wana wa n’watipolitiki wa le Kenya Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o, u velekiwe eDorobeni ra [[Mexico]], laha tata wakwe a a dyondzisa kona, naswona u kuriseriwe [[Khenya|eKenya]] ku sukela loko a ri ni malembe manharhu. U nghene ekholichi eUnited States, a kuma digri ya vuleteri eka tidyondzo ta tifilimi ni ta mintlango eKholichi ya Hampshire . Endzhaku u sungule ntirho wa yena [[eHollywood]] tanihi mupfuni wa vuhumelerisi. Hi lembe ra 2008, u endle masungulo ya yena yo tlanga hi filimi yo koma ''ya East River'' naswona endzhaku ka sweswo u tlhelele eKenya ku ya tlanga eka nongonoko wa thelevhixini ''wa Shuga'' (2009–2012). Kutani u endle digri ya master eka vuyimbeleri eXikolweni xa Drama xa Yale . Endzhakunyana ka loko a thwasile, u vile na xiphemu xa yena xo sungula xa filimi ya nkarhi wo leha tani hi Patsey eka Steve McQueen ’s biopic ''12 Years a Slave'' (2013), leyi a nga kuma ku dzunisiwa hi vaxopaxopi naswona a nga wina Sagwadi ra Academy ra Best Supporting Actress .
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Nyong'o u endle masungulo ya yena ya Broadway tani hi n'wana wa kondlo-a-ndzi-dyi eka ntlangu ''wa [[Eclipsed]]'' (2015), lowu a hlawuriweke eka Sagwadi ra Tony ra Mutlangi wo Antswa eka Ntlangu . Uyile emahlweni a endla xiphemu xa motion capture tani hi Maz Kanata eka ''Star Wars'' sequel trilogy (2015–2019) na xiphemu xa rito tani hi Raksha eka ''The Jungle Book'' (2016). Ntirho wa Nyong'o wu ye emahlweni hi ku tlanga ka yena tani hi Nakia eka tifilimi ta tinhenha letikulu ta Marvel Cinematic Universe ''Black Panther'' (2018) na ntlhandlamano wa yona (2022) na swiphemu swa yena swo tlanga eka tifilimi to chavisa ''ta Us'' (2019) na ''A Quiet Place: Day One'' (2024) . .

Handle ka ku tlanga, Nyong’o u seketela ku hlayisiwa ka matimu . U vulavula hi rito ro sivela ku xanisiwa hi swa masangu, ku tirhela timfanelo ta vavasati na swiharhi. Hi lembe ra 2014, u hlawuriwile tanihi wansati wo saseka swinene hi ''People'' . Hi 2019, Nyong'o u tsale buku ya vana leyi vuriwaka ''Sulwe'', leyi veke nomboro yin'we ''ya New York Times'' Best-Seller . U tlhele a kuma minhlawulo ya Sagwadi ra Primetime Emmy ra Mutlhokovetseri wo Hlawuleka hi ku hlamusela swiphemu swimbirhi swa docu-series ''Serengeti'' . Hi lembe ra 2020, Nyong'o u hlawuriwile tanihi un'wana wa Vavasati va 50 va Matimba Swinene eAfrika hi ''Forbes'' .

== Eka vuhaxi ==

Nyong'o u boxiwile eka risimu ra Christian rapper [[Lecrae]] 's &quot;Nuthin'&quot; kusuka eka album ya yena ya 2014 ''[[Anomaly]]'' naswona u kombeteriwile hi [[Jay-Z]] eka verse ya yena kusuka eka risimu ra Jay Electronica 'We Made It&quot;. U tlhele a boxiwa eka risimu ra parody &quot;American Apparel Ad Girls&quot; hi ti drag queens Willam Belli, Courtney Act na Alaska Thunderfuck .  Nyong'o u boxiwile eka risimu ra 2015 ra &quot;Nerea&quot; hi ntlawa wa afro-pop wa le Kenya Sauti Sol .  Muyimbeleri wa rhep Nicki Minaj u boxe Lupita eka ndzimana ya yena eka remix ya A$AP Ferg ya &quot; [[Plain Jane]] &quot; naswona u kombeteriwile hi muyimbeleri wa rhep [[Wale]] eka risimu ra yena ra &quot;Black Is Gold&quot;.   Muyimbeleri [[Beyoncé]] u boxe Nyong'o eka single &quot; Brown Skin Girl &quot; ku suka eka ''The Lion King: The Gift'' (2019). 

[[File:Ms._magazine_Cover_-_Spring_2016.jpg|thumb|Nyong'o eka xifunengeto xa ''[[Ms]].'']]

Nyong'o u katsiwile eka nxaxamelo wa Derek Blasberg wa 2013 wa swiambalo leswinene eka ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'' .  Hi lembe ra 2014, u hlawuriwile tani hi un’wana wa swikandza eka pfhumba ra ximun’wana ra Miu Miu, na Elizabeth Olsen, Elle Fanning na Bella Heathcote . U tlhele a humelela eka swifunengeto swa timagazini to hlayanyana, ku katsa ni nkandziyiso wa fexeni ya ximun’wana ya ''le [[New York]]''  ni magazini wa le UK ''lowu vuriwaka Dazed &amp; Confused'' .  Hi April ya lembe rero, u thyiwe vito ra &quot; Wansati wo Saseka Swinene &quot; hi ''[[Vanhu]]'' .  naswona u thyiwe vito ra xikandza lexintshwa xa Lancôme, leswi endleke leswaku a va wansati wo sungula wa muntima ku humelela eka brand leyi.  Endzhaku ka nkarhi wolowo hi Nyenyankulu, u hlawuriwile tani hi &quot; Wansati wa Lembe &quot; hi ''Glamour'' . 

Nyong'o a ri eka xifunengeto xa July 2014 xa ''[[Vogue]]'', leswi endleke leswaku a va wansati wa vumbirhi wa Muafrika  na wansati wa vunhungu wa muntima  ku hlanganisa magazini lowu. Hi yona n’hweti yoleyo u tlhele a humelela eka xifunengeto xa nkandziyiso wa July wa ''Elle'' (Furwa). U humelerile eka nkandziyiso wa October 2015 wa ''Vogue'', leswi endleke leswaku wu va xifunengeto xa yena xa vumbirhi hi ku landzelelana.  Nhweti yoleyo, Congressman Charles Rangel na Voza Rivers, nhloko ya New Heritage Theatre Group, va tivise leswaku siku leri ximfumo i &quot;Lupita Nyong'o Day&quot; eHarlem, New York. Ku xiximiwa loku ku tivisiwile tani hi xihlamariso hi nkarhi wa mbulavurisano lowu pfulekeke exikarhi ka Nyong’o na mulwela swifaniso Michaela Angela Davis eMist Harlem. 

Nyong'o u katsiwile eka Nkandziyiso wa Hollywood wa 2016 wa ''[[Vanity Fair]]'' {{'}} Annie Leibovitz .  Nyong'o u xiximiwile hi xifaniso xa caricature hi May 2016 eresturant ya Sardi eDorobeni ra New York eka ku sungula ka yena eka Broadway.  Hi [[Nhlangula]] wolowo, u hlawuriwile tanihi un’wana wa vanhu vo sungula lava dumeke, swin’we na Elle Fanning, Christy Turlington Burns, na Natalie Westling, ku tlanga eka pfhumba ra [[Tiffany &amp; Co]]. ra Fall 2016 leri endliweke hi xitayili hi Grace Coddington .  Nyong'o u humelerile eka xifunengeto xa ''Vogue'' ′s October 2016, leswi endleke leswaku yi va nkandziyiso wa yena wa vunharhu. N’hweti yoleyo, a ri muhlawuriwa eka masagwadi ya 2016 ya Elle Women in Hollywood. 

Hi [[Ndzhati]] 2017, u humelerile eka xifunengeto xa ''Vanity Fair'' {{'}} s Hollywood Issue.  Endzhaku u humelerile eka xifunengeto xa ''The Sunday Times Magazine'' ya UK eka nkandziyiso wa vona wa October 2017.  Hi Nyenyankulu 2017, u humelerile eka xifunengeto xa magazini wa ''Grazia UK'' . Endzhaku u kombisile ku vilela ka yena hi xifunengeto eka social media hi ku cinca misisi ya yena leswaku yi fambisana na mimpimanyeto ya le [[Yuropa]] ya leswaku misisi yi fanele ku languteka njhani. Endzhaku muteki wa swifaniso An Le u kombele ku rivaleriwa eka xitatimende, a vula leswaku i &quot;xihoxo xa xitsundzuxo lexi hlamarisaka&quot;.  Nyong'o u tala ku vulavula hi ku amukela &quot;African kinky hair&quot; ya yena naswona u tirhisana na muendli wa misisi Vernon François ku kombisa ndlela leyi xivumbeko xa misisi ya yena xi nga na swilo swo hambana hambana ha yona. 

Hi December 2017, Nyong'o u fikelele xifunengeto xa yena xa vumune ''xa Vogue'' hi ku landzelelana eka nkandziyiso wa January 2018, leswi endleke leswaku a va mutlangi wo sungula wa muntima ku endla tano.  U tlhele a katsiwa eka Tim Walker ’s 2018 ''[[Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland]]'' – leyi nga na nhlokomhaka ya Pirelli Calendar tanihi ximunhuhatwa xa The Dormouse . 

Hi June 2018, The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce yi tivise leswaku Nyong'o u ta va exikarhi ka lava xiximiweke ku amukela nyeleti eka Hollywood Walk of Fame eka xiyenge xa tifilimi.  Hi nhweti leyi landzelaka, Nyong'o u tlangile na mutlangi kulobye Saoirse Ronan eka pfhumba ra Calvin Klein eka nun'hwelo wa vona lowuntshwa lowu thyiweke &quot;Calvin Klein Women&quot;. Pfhumba leri ri kombisa swifaniso swo hlamarisa, swa xiyimo xa le hansi swa vatlangi lava nga wina masagwadi etlhelo ka vavasati lava hi voxe va hlohloteriweke hi vona, laha Nyong’o a thyeke Eartha Kitt na Katharine Hepburn tani hi vahlohloteri va yena.  Hi Khotavuxika 2018, Nyong'o u vile muhlawuriwa kambirhi, etlhelo ka vatlangi kulobye ''va Black Panther'' Danai Gurira na Angela Bassett eka nkandziyiso wa magazini wa ''Elle'' wa &quot;Vavasati eHollywood&quot;.  Nyong'o u humelerile eka xifunengeto xa nkandziyiso wa ''Vogue'' España wa Nyenyankulu 2018.  Nyong'o i mudyondzisi wa 2019 wa Hollywood Walk of Fame loyi a xiximiweke. 

Nyong'o u humelerile eka xifunengeto xa nkandziyiso wa ''Vanity Fair'' {{'}} s October 2019.  Hi Nyenyankulu, u endle vuyimbeleri bya yena byo sungula hi risimu ra yena ra &quot;Sulwe's Song&quot;, leri a ri tsaleleke buku ya yena ''ya Sulwe'' . U tlhele a kombisiwa eka risimu {{'}} xiyimbeleri Ciara ra &quot;Melanin&quot; ehansi ka vito leri nge, &quot;Troublemaker&quot; xikan'we na La La Anthony, City Girls, na Ester Dean .  &quot;Melanin&quot; u hlawuriwile eka Sagwadi ra Yena eka Masagwadi ya BET ya 2020 .  Nyong'o u tshahiwile tani hi un'wana wa 2019's Top 100's most influential Africans magazine hi magazini wa New African . 

Nyong'o u humelele ro sungula eka xifunengeto xa British ''Vogue'' 's February 2020.  Hi Dzivamisoko 2020, u humelerile eka nxaxamelo wa &quot;50 Most Powerful Women&quot; wa [[Afrika]] hi ''Forbes'' .

== Nakambe vona ==

* [[List of Mexican Academy Award winners and nominees|Nxaxamelo wa vahluri va Sagwadi ra Akhademi ya le Mexico na vahlawuriwa]]</text>
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    <title>Premier League ya Xinghezi</title>
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      <text bytes="2465" sha1="1guf2u2rgxikvq2yq4wm1qr5vjfjuaf" xml:space="preserve">'''English Premier League''' ( {{Lang-en|'''Premier League'''}}   ), leyi hi ntolovelo yi tiviwaka tanihi '''English Premier League''' kumbe '''EPL''', i xiyenge xa le henhla xa fambiselo ra ligi ya bolo ya milenge eNghilandhi . Ligi leyi yi vumbiwa hi 20 wa ti club, yi tirhisa endlelo ro tlakusa na ku hungutiwa na [[English Football League]] (EFL). Nkarhi lowu wu teka kusukela hi August kuya eka May laha xipano xin’wana na xin’wana xi tlangaka 38 wa mintlangu (ku lwisana na 19 wa swipano swin’wana ekaya nale handle).  Mintlangu yo tala yi tlangiwa hi Mugqivela na Sonto nimadyambu

Mphikizano lowu wu simekiwile hi ti 20 February 1992 tani hi ''FA Premier League'' endzhaku ka xiboho xa ti club leti nghenelaka eka Football League First Division ku hambana na [[Football League]], mphikizano lowu sunguleke hi 1888, leswaku kuta tirhisa mphikizano lowu kwalomu ka mintwanano ya mfanelo yo kopa ya thelevhixini.  Ntwanano wa laha kaya lowu durhaka 1&amp;nbsp;biliyoni ya tiphawundi/lembe yi sayiniwile eka nguva ya 2013–14, laha [[BSkyB]] na [[BT Group]] va nga hlula timfanelo to haxa 116 na 38 wa mintlangu hi ku landzelelana.  Mphikizano wu vuyile hi 2.2&amp;nbsp;tibiliyoni ta ti-euro/lembe eka mali ya vuhosi ya thelevhixini ya laha kaya na ya matiko ya misava.  Ku sukela eka nguva ya 2014–15, tikirabhu ti avelane vuyelo bya £1.6 wa tibiliyoni,  na £2.4 wa tibiliyoni eka nguva ya 2016–17 . 

Sweswi, Premier League i mphikizano wa bolo ya milenge lowu hlaleriwaka ngopfu emisaveni hinkwayo, lowu haxiwaka eka tindhawu ta 212 ku ya eka matiko ya 643.&amp;nbsp;miliyoni ya mindyangu na kwalomu ka 30&amp;nbsp;magidi ya timiliyoni ta ku hlalela thelevhixini.   Eka nguva ya 2014–15, ntlangu wa Premier League wa xikarhi wu koke kwalomu ka 36,000 wa vahlaleri eka xitediyamu,  wa vumbirhi eka tiligi ta bolo ya milenge ya xiphurofexinali endzhaku ka Bundesliga hi 43,500 wa vahlaleri.  Tinsimu to tala ta bolo ya milenge ti tele hi vahlaleri.  Premier League yi le ka xiyimo xa vu 1 eka UEFA Coefficient eka mphikizano lowu sekeriweke eka matirhelo ya tikirabhu eka mphikizano wa le [[Yuropa]] eka tinguva ta ntlhanu ku fikela hi 2021. 

Nhlayo ya 51 wa ti club leti nga nghenela ku sukela eka nguva yo sungula ya Premier League hi 1992, kambe i nkombo ntsena wa tona leti nga hlula eka vumpfampfarhuti: [[Manchester United]] (13), [[Manchester City]] (8), [[Chelsea]] ( 5), [[Arsenal]] (3), [[Blackburn Rovers]], Doroba ra Leicester na [[Liverpool]] (1).</text>
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    <title>Orlando Pirates FC</title>
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      <text bytes="2342" sha1="kt602jnn641k74rbeh2yfh1svu5lj7f" xml:space="preserve">Xipano lexi xi simekiwile hi lembe ra gidi ni madzana ya nkaye ni makume nharhu ni nkombo naswona eku sunguleni a xitshame eSoweto.  Orlando Pirates i xipano xo sungula ku sukela loko ku sunguriwile tlawa wa xiyimo xale henhla xa bolo ya milenge hi lembe ra gidi ni madzana ya nkaye ni makume nkaye ntsevu ku hlula swidlodlo swinharhu leswikulu eka nguva yin’we hi ku landzelelana, yi hlule eka ligi ya laha kaya ya ABSA Premiership, khapu ya laha kaya ya Nedbank Cup na Top 8 Cup MTN 8 hi nkarhi wa nguva ya ABSA Premiership 2010–11 na ligi ya laha kaya ya ABSA Premiership, League Cup Telkom Knockout na Khapu ya Top 8 MTN 8 hi nkarhi wa nguva ya ABSA Premiership 2011–12.  I xin'wana xa swipano swimbirhi ntsena swa Afrika Dzonga leswi nga na Mamelodi Sundowns leswi nga hlula eka CAF Champions League, leyi va nga yi hlula hi 1995 naswona va ve va vumbirhi eka 2013 CAF Champions League . 

Va tlhela va va vahluri va vumbirhi eka Khapu ya Nhlangano ya CAF ya 2015 na 2021–2022 . 

Vasunguri va Orlando Pirates a va katsa vana va vatirhi lava humaka ematikweni mambe lava rhurheleke etindhawini ta le makaya va ya tirha etimayini ta nsuku ta le Gauteng. Vafana va le Orlando a va hlangana eka nkarhi wun'wana ni wun'wana lowu a wu ri kona etindhawini leti pfulekeke ni le ka mintlawa leyi nga tolovelekangiki leswaku va tlanga bolo ya milenge. Ntlawa wo sungula wu vumbiwe hi 1934 hi ntlawa wa vana va kondlo-a-ndzi-dyi eOrlando Boys Club. Andries Mkhwanazi, loyi a a tiveka ngopfu hi vito ra &quot;Pele Pele&quot;, a a ri muleteri wa xibakele eOrlando Boys Club loko a khutaza ku vumbiwa ka ntlawa wa bolo ya milenge hi 1937 naswona endzhaku ka lembe vana volavo va malembe ya kondlo-a-ndzi-dyi a va phikizana exikarhi ka vana va Johannesburg Bantu Football Association lava nga ambalangiki nchumu naswona a va nga ri na switirhisiwa swa xipano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Hi 1940, Bethuel Mokgosinyane, muungameri wo sungula, u xave xitirhisiwa xo sungula xa xipano hi mali ya yena n'wini. Orlando Boys va nghenele mphikizano wa Johannesburg Bantu Football Association's Saturday League, laha va nga wina Division Two title kutani va tlakuseriwa eka Division One hi 1944. Andrew Bassie, xirho xa nkoka xa ntlawa, u ringanyete vito lerintshwa ra 'Orlando Pirates'. Ntlawa lowu wu qambhe risimu ra nyimpi ra le kampeni leri nge 'Ezimnyama Ngenkani'.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bill Gates</title>
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      <text bytes="2438" sha1="a62za5kzy7ped3dertbzext4wpcve3y" xml:space="preserve">'''William Henry''' '''Gates III''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 28 Khotavuxika 1955 ) , loyi hi ntolovelo a tivekaka tani hi '''Bill Gates''', i n'wamabindzu [[Amerikha|wa le Amerika]], mupfuni wa vanhu na mutsari. U tiviwa tanihi mutshama-xitulu wa Microsoft Corporation, ku nga khampani ya software leyi a yi simekeke swin’we na Paul Allen . 

Eka ntirho wa yena hinkwawo, u tshame a va eka nxaxamelo wa vanhu lava fuweke swinene emisaveni  naswona a ri munhu wo fuwa swinene emisaveni ku sukela hi 1995 ku ya eka 2014, handle ka Dzivamisoko 2013, Dzivamisoko 2012, Dzivamisoko 2011 ( 2) na 2008 loko a ntsena u ve eka xiyimo xa vunharhu. [[Mudyaxihi|Hi May]] 2013, Bill Gates u tlhele a kuma xikhundlha xa yena tanihi munhu la fuweke swinene emisaveni. Sweswinyana, a a ri munhu wa vumbirhi ku fuwa emisaveni hinkwayo hi nhundzu hinkwayo ya 105.3 wa tibiliyoni Tidolara ta le United States .  Eka Microsoft, Gates u tirhile tanihi CEO na muendlinkulu wa software. A a ri n’wini wa maxavelo lonkulu wa Microsoft wa munhu hi xiyexe ku fikela hi May 2014.  Nakambe i mutsari na mutsari-kulobye wa tibuku to hlayanyana.

Gates i un’wana wa van’wamabindzu lava dumeke va nhluvuko wa tikhompyuta ta munhu hi xiyexe . Hambileswi a a tsakeriwa hi vo tala, vo tala va vaphikizani va yena va soholote tindlela ta yena ta bindzu, leti a va ti teka tanihi mphikizano lowu nga lulamangiki kumbe ku va ni vulawuri bya munhu un’we, naswona khampani yakwe yi hehliwe hi milandzu yo hlayanyana.   Loko a ri kusuhi no hela ntirho wa yena, Gates u landzele matshalatshala yo hlaya ya vupfuni, a nyikela na ku nyikela hi mali yo tala eka minhlangano yo pfuneta na ndzavisiso wa sayense hi ku tirhisa Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, leyi simekiweke hi lembe ra 2000 .

Gates u tshikile ntirho tani hi CEO wa Microsoft hi [[Sunguti|Ndzhati]] 2000, kambe wa ha ri muungameri na muendlinkulu wa software eka nhlangano lowu. Hi June 2006, Gates u tivise leswaku u ta heta ntsena xiphemu xa nkarhi wa yena a tirha eka Microsoft naswona u ta heta nkarhi wo tala a tirhela Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation . Bill hakatsongo-tsongo u hundzisele xikhundlha xa mutivinkulu wa swa masungulo eka Ray Ozzie, na xiyimo xa mukongomisi wa maqhinga na ndzavisiso eka [[Craig Mundie]] . Siku ro hetelela leri heleleke ra Gates ra ntirho eka Microsoft a ku ri June 27, 2008 . U ha ri na xiyimo xa mutshamaxitulu wa Microsoft kambe a nga fambisi matirhelo ya nhlangano.</text>
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    <title>Mujeko wa Namibia</title>
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      <text bytes="2972" sha1="o7dmonwuhxdn52r9qrjmcx05im0bcp1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag_of_Namibia_02.jpg|thumb|Mujeko wa le Namibia]]
'''Mujeko wa [[Namibia]]''' wu ni bandhi yo [[tshwuka]] ya diagonal leyi nga ni matlhelo mambirhi yo basa leyi nga ni triangle ya le henhla ya [[wasi]] leyi nga ni dyambu ro tshwuka ra 12-ray ni triangle ya le hansi ya rihlaza. 

Mujeko wu amukeriwile hi ti 21 Dzivamisoko 1990 loko ku ri na ntshunxeko eka [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] . Hi nkarhi wa ku fuma ka xihlawuhlawu, a yi tirhisa mihlovo yinharhu ya Afrika Dzonga ya orenji-wo basa-ya wasi .

== Vukhavisi ==

Komitintsongo ya Swikombiso swa Rixaka yi amukerile 870 wa swikombelo swa mujeko wa rixaka. Tipulani ta tsevu ti hlawuriwile; leswi swi hungutiwile ku va swinharhu, swa vanhu vanharhu va le Namibia – Theo Jankowski wa le Rehoboth, Don Stevenson &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Donny's Flag: An American Graphic Artist Designs Namibia's Flag (Namibia Documentary Series)}}&lt;/ref&gt; wa le Windhoek na Ortrud Clay wa le Lüderitz . Tipulani leti tinharhu ti hlanganisiwile ku vumba mujeko wa tiko ra Namibia, lowu amukeriweke hi vun’we hi February 2, 1990 hi Huvo ya Vumbiwa . Vaendli va swifaniso lavanharhu va amukeriwile erivaleni hi muavanyisi Hans Berker, mutshamaxitulu wa komiti leyitsongo, eka nkhuvo wo pfula hi ti 9 Dzivamisoko 1990. 
[[Category:Articles with disputed statements from March 2021]]
Hambiswiritano, swihehlo swin’wana swimbirhi swi endliwile – mu-Afrika-Dzonga Frederick Brownell u vule leswaku u endlile mujeko eka xiave xa yena tani hi [[Afrika-Dzonga|South African]] State Herald . &lt;ref name=&quot;Brownell&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Coats of Arms and Flags in Namibia}} (A series of 8 articles.)&lt;/ref&gt; Munhu un’wana loyi a a vula leswaku a ku ri Roy Allen wa le Britain, loyi a vuleke leswaku ndlela leyi mujeko wu endliweke ha yona a ku ri vuyelo bya mphikizano lowu fambisiwaka hi Hannes Smith wa ''Windhoek Observer'', naswona u hlule.

I yin’wana ya mimfungho yi nga ri yingani ya tiko leyi katsaka layini ya diagonal, na swikombiso swin’wana ku katsa na DR Congo, [[Tanzania]], [[Trinidad na Tobago]], na [[Brunei]] .

=== Mihlovo ===
Mihlovo ya mujeko wa Namibia yi hlamuseriwile eka Government Gazette.  Tsalwa leri ri tlhela ri hlamusela hi vuxokoxoko ku akiwa ka mujeko wa Phuresidente. Thoni kumbe ndzhuti wo karhi wa valungu a wu boxiwanga.

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  <page>
    <title>Bayanda Walaza</title>
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      <text bytes="783" sha1="7e5lldbe03agzeb8vr9kqiuelsfqni7" xml:space="preserve">'''Bayanda Walaza''' (u velekiwe hi ti 9 Hukuri 2006) i mutsutsumi wa Afrika Dzonga.  U hlurile a kuma silivhere eka tiolimpiki eParis ta 2024 tani hi xiphemu xa xipano xa Afrika-Dzonga xa 4 x 100 wa timitara ta xipano xa relay. 

== Vutomi bya le ku sunguleni ==
Ku suka eKatlehong [[Gauteng|eGauteng]], u nghenele xikolo xa Hoërskool Vorentoe, kutani a kuma pfuneto wa timali xa dyondzo exikolweni xa Curro Hazeldean [[Pitori|ePitori]].   

Walaza u tsutsumela eka Athletics Gauteng North.  U hlule xidlodlo xa SA U18 200m, naswona u teke silivhere eka 100m eka Athletics South Africa U18 Championships ePietermaritzburg hi Ndzhati 2023.  U hlurile a kuma mendlele ya bronze eka 100m eka Mphikizano wa Afrika wa U18 hi Hukuri 2023 [[Zambiya|eZambia]] . 
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  <page>
    <title>Muntshwa</title>
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      <text bytes="1394" sha1="3f1i7h7ouxfcbsy0mjzdeknt7rrm6qd" xml:space="preserve">'''Vuntshwa''' i nkarhi wa [[vutomi]] laha munhu a nga ntsongo. Rito, vuntshwa, ri nga ha vula exikarhi ka nkarhi wa [[N'wana|vuhlangi]] ni [[Munhu lonkulu|munhu nkulu]] (ku kula), kambe ri nga ha nkongoma eka nhlohlorhi ya munhu, hi ku ya hi swa rihanyo kumbe nkarhi wa vutomi lowu tiviwaka tanihi ku va muntshwa lonkulu. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/youth &quot;Youth&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629153138/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/youth |date=2017-06-29 }}. ''Macmillan Dictionary''. Macmillan Publishers Limited. Retrieved 2013-8-15.&lt;/ref&gt;  Vuntshwa byi nga ha tlhela byi hlamuseriwa ku i &quot;ku languteka, ku tenga, matimba, moya, na swin'wana na swin'wna, xihlawulekisi xa munhu, loyi a nga muntshwa&quot;.  I tinhlamuselo ta malembe yo karhi yo hambana, tanihileswi vuntshwa byo ka byi nga hlamuseriwangi  hi ku landzelelana ka minkarhi tanihi xiteji lexi nga bohiwa eka malembe yo karhi; naswona makumu ya yona a yi nge hlanganisiwi ni mintirho yo karhi, yo tanihi ku teka ntirho lowu nga hakeriwiki, kumbe ku va ni vuxaka bya rimbewu . &lt;ref name=&quot;Furlong1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=2–3}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Youth participation in political activities: The art of participation in Bhakkar, Punjab Pakistan, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 30:6, 760-777, https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1745112&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <title>Chris Hani</title>
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{{Infobox President|name=Chris Hani|image=Chris Hani.jpg|caption=|office4=11th [[South African Communist Party#General Secretaries|General Secretary of the South African Communist Party]]|president4=|predecessor4=[[Joe Slovo]]|successor4=[[Charles Nqakula]]|office5=Chief of Staff of [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]]|president5=[[Oliver Tambo]]|predecessor5=[[Joe Slovo]]&lt;br/&gt;Keith Mokoape (acting)|successor5=[[Siphiwe Nyanda]]|birthname=Martin Thembisile Hani|party=[[South African Communist Party]]|otherparty=[[African National Congress]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|([[Tripartite Alliance]])}}|occupation={{plainlist|
* [[Revolutionary]] 
* politician
* military veteran
* [[anti-apartheid activist]]}}|spouse={{Marriage|[[Limpho Hani]]|1973}}|children=3|data5=&lt;!--Military service--&gt;|nickname=Chris|allegiance=[[Umkhonto We Sizwe]]|branch=[[Soviet Union]] (1963)&lt;br&gt;[[Zambia]] (1967)|serviceyears=1962{{ndash}}1992|rank=[[Commander]]&lt;br&gt;[[Political commissar]] (1967)|unit=[[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army]]&lt;br&gt;[[South African National Defence Force]]|commands=|battles=[[Rhodesian Bush War]]|awards={{MilAward Ribbon|SSAG|x12px}}|military_blank1=|military_data1=|military_blank2=|military_data2=|military_blank3=|military_data3=|military_blank4=|military_data4=|military_blank5=|military_data5={{Apartheid}}}}</text>
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    <title>Tatjana Smith, ku vula yena</title>
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'''Tatjana Smith''' (née '''Schoenmaker;''' u velekiwile hi ti 9 Nhlangula 1997) i muhlamberi wa [[Afrika-Dzonga|AfrikaDzonga]] loyi a nga le ku wiseni loyi a a tiveka ngopfu eka swiendlakalo swa ku hlambela eka tiolimpiki. Nghwazi ya tiolimpiki kambirhi na mutlangi wa swa tiolimpiki wa AfrikaDzonga loyi a khavisiweke ngopfu eka matimu, u hlurile mendlele ya nsuku eka 200-metre breaststroke na mendlele ya silivhere eka 100-metre breaststroke eka mintlangu ya tiolompiki hi lembe ra  2020, mintlangu ya tiolompiki yi veka tirhekhodo ta Tiolimpiki eka swiendlakalo leswimbirhi na rhekhodo ya misava eka ya khale, na mendlele ya nsuku eka 100 wa timitara eka ku hlambela na mendlele ya silivhere eka 200 wa timitara  eka Mintlangu ya Tiolimpiki ya lembe 2024 .

Smith i khale ka n’wini wa rhekhodo ya misava eka khoso yo leha ya 200-metre breaststroke naswona i n’wini wa rhekhodo ya Afrika eka khoso yo leha na khoso yo koma ya 100-metre breaststroke, xikan’we na khoso yo koma ya 200-metre breaststroke.
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'''Swakudya swa ndhavuko''' i swakudya  leswi hundziseriwaka eka tinxaka  kumbe leswi dyiweke eka tinxaka to tala.  Swakudya swa ndhavuko na swakudya i  swa  ntumbuluko, naswona swi nga va na xikombiso xa matimu eka swakudya swa rixaka ,  swa xifundzha  kumbe  swa ndhawu . Swakudya na swo nwa swa ndhavuko swinga endliwa ku fana ni leswi endliweke ekaya, hi ti rhesiturente na vaendli lavantsongo, na hi switirhisiwa leswikulu leswo s lulamisa swakudya.</text>
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    <title>Hosi Monada</title>
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'''Khutso Steven Kgatla''', i xiyimbeleri xikulu lexi  tivekaka ngopfu hi vito  '''King Monada''',loko ari e xitejini i xiyimbeleri xa Afrika Dzonga, mutsari wa tinsimu, na muhumelerisi wa tirhekhodo.  U tlakukile kumbe ku tiveka swinene kuya eka ndhuma endzhaku ka ku humesiwa ka risimu ra yena ra 2016 &quot;Ska Bhora Moreki&quot; na &quot;Malwedhe&quot; (2018), leri nga fika eka nhlohlorhi ya #9 iTunes Chart na #54 Apple Music Chart .  U tiveka hi ku yimbelela hi ririmi ra Khelobedu,  leri nga tindzimi ta ndhawu ta Xisotho xa le N’walungwini . 
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Maoupa Cedric Maake u velekiwile eAfrika-Dzonga&lt;ref&gt;https://murderpedia.org/male.M/m/maake-maoupa.htm&lt;/ref&gt;. Tata wakwe u file loko a ha ri eka ntangha khume (sweswi ku nga Giredi ya 10), naswona u endle xiboho xo tshika xikolo hi nkarhi wolowo leswaku a ya pfuneta ku khathalela ndyangu wakwe. U rhurhele [[Joni|eXilungwini]] ku ya lava ntirho kutani a va mutirhi wa tiphayiphi ta mati, a a titirha. 

Maake a ri na nsati na vana va mune eLimpopo na ntombhi eJoni. Loko ari na makhume nharhungarhu wa malembe ari karhi a tshama e La Rochelle, eJoni loko switikomba angari na xihlohloteri a sungula vutomi bya [[vugevenga]].{{Kulaveka vumbhoni|date=December 2021}}&lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Kulaveka vumbhoni|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)&quot;&gt;ku tshahiwa ka laveka&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lava velekiweke hi 1964]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Walter Sisulu</title>
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'''Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu''' (18 Mawuwani 1912 – 5 Mawuwani 2003) ari unwana wa vanhu lava nga lwela ntshuxeko mayelana na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu  [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika Dzonga]] naswona ari xirho xa ndzawulo ya African National Congress (ANC).[https://www.anc1912.org.za/] Exikarhi ka minkarhi tani hi Matsalana Jenerali wa ANC (1949–1954) na Xandla xa President wa ANC (1991–1994), u hehliwa No.2 eka Rivonia Trial naswona u pfaleriwile eRobben Island laha anga tshama ekhotsweni kutlula 25 wa malembe hikokwalaho ka  Vukorhokeri bya yena byo lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu. U vile na vuxaka byo tiya  na Oliver Tambo na [[Nelson Mandela]], lava a nga tlanga xiave xa nkoka na vona eku hleleni ka Pfhumba ro Defiance ra 1952 na ku simekiwa ka ANC Youth League na Umkhonto we Sizwe . U tlhele a va eka Komiti ya le Xikarhi ya Vandla ra Vukhomunisi ra Afrika Dzonga .
[[Ntsuxeko]] [[AfrikaDzonga]]

== Family ==


Walter Sisulu u velekiwile hi 1912 edorobeni ra Ngcobo e [[Nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga|Union of South Africa]], xiphemu xa laha sweswi kunga xifundzha xa Eastern Cape (hi nkarhi walowo a ku ri Transkei ). Tani hileswi a swi nga tolovelekanga eka tintangha ta nkarhi wa yena e Afrika Dzonga, a nga tiyisekangi hi siku ra yena ro velekiwa, kambe a a ri tlangela hi ti 18 May.   Mana wa yena, Alice Mase Sisulu, a ri mutirhi wa le kaya wa Muqhosa kasi tata wa yena, Albert Victor Dickinson, a ri mutirhela mfumo wa mulungu na majisitarata . Dickinson a nga tlanganga xiphemu eka ku kurisiwa ka n’wana wa yena: Ku vikiwa leswaku Sisulu u hlangane na yena kan’we ntsena, hi malembe yava 1940s, loko anga se lova hi malembe ya va 1970s.  Sisulu na sesi wa yena, Rosabella, va kurisiwe hi ndyangu wa mana wa yena, lava av a huma eka rixaka ra Va-Thembu . A a ri ekusuhi na malume wa yena, Dyantyi Hlakula, loyi a a hisekela ndhavuko wa Xiqhosa naswona a langutela ku yisiwaa engomeni ka yena . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; ​​ &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Exikarhi ka malembe ya yena ya vujahana, Sisulu u tshike xikolo – xikolo xa mixini xa Anglican – ku ya lava ntirho.  Le [[Joni]], u tirhile mintirho yo hambana hambana, ku katsa na ku va muthelara wa mali ya le bangi, mugodi wa nsuku, mutirhi wa le kaya, na mubaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  U hlongoriwile eka ndhawu yo baka hikwalaho ko ringeta ku kondletela vatirhi-kulobye.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

U simeke Sitha Investments hi 1939. A yi kumeka eBarclay Arcade exikarhi ka West Street na Commissioner Street exifundzheni xa mabindzu xa [[Joni]] . Xikongomelo xa yona a ku ri ku pfuna vantima ni Maindiya leswaku va xava tiyindlu. Hi nkarhi wa matirhelo ya yona, Sitha a ku ri yona ntsena ejensi ya tiyindlu na misava leyi a yi ri ya vantima eAfrika-Dzonga.

== Family ==


Walter Sisulu u velekiwile hi 1912 edorobeni ra Ngcobo e [[Nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga|Union of South Africa]], xiphemu xa laha sweswi kunga xifundzha xa Eastern Cape (hi nkarhi walowo a ku ri Transkei ). Tani hileswi a swi nga tolovelekanga eka tintangha ta nkarhi wa yena e Afrika Dzonga, a nga tiyisekangi hi siku ra yena ro velekiwa, kambe a a ri tlangela hi ti 18 May.   Mana wa yena, Alice Mase Sisulu, a ri mutirhi wa le kaya wa Muqhosa kasi tata wa yena, Albert Victor Dickinson, a ri mutirhela mfumo wa mulungu na majisitarata . Dickinson a nga tlanganga xiphemu eka ku kurisiwa ka n’wana wa yena: Ku vikiwa leswaku Sisulu u hlangane na yena kan’we ntsena, hi malembe yava 1940s, loko anga se lova hi malembe ya va 1970s.  Sisulu na sesi wa yena, Rosabella, va kurisiwe hi ndyangu wa mana wa yena, lava av a huma eka rixaka ra Va-Thembu . A a ri ekusuhi na malume wa yena, Dyantyi Hlakula, loyi a a hisekela ndhavuko wa Xiqhosa naswona a langutela ku yisiwaa engomeni ka yena . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; ​​ &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Exikarhi ka malembe ya yena ya vujahana, Sisulu u tshike xikolo – xikolo xa mixini xa Anglican – ku ya lava ntirho.  Le [[Joni]], u tirhile mintirho yo hambana hambana, ku katsa na ku va muthelara wa mali ya le bangi, mugodi wa nsuku, mutirhi wa le kaya, na mubaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  U hlongoriwile eka ndhawu yo baka hikwalaho ko ringeta ku kondletela vatirhi-kulobye.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

U sungule Sitha Investments hi 1939. A yi ri e Barclay Arcade exikarhi ka West Street na Commissioner Street exifundzheni xa mabindzu xa [[Joni|Johannesburg]]. Xikongomelo xa yona a ku ri ku pfuna vantima na Maindiya ku xava tindlu. Hi nkarhi wa ku tirha ka yona, Sitha a ku ri yona ntsena nhlangano wa vantima eAfrika Dzonga.

== Family ==


Walter Sisulu u velekiwe hi 1912 edorobeni ra Ngcobo e [[Nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga|Union of South Africa]], xiphemu xa laha sweswi kunga xifundzha xa Eastern Cape (hi nkarhi walowo a ku ri Transkei ). Tani hileswi a swi nga tolovelekanga eka tintangha ta nkarhi wa yena e Afrika Dzonga, a nga tiyisekangi hi siku ra yena ro velekiwa, kambe a a ri tlangela hi ti 18 May.   Mana wa yena, Alice Mase Sisulu, a ri mutirhi wa le kaya wa Muqhosa kasi tata wa yena, Albert Victor Dickinson, a ri mutirhela mfumo wa mulungu na majisitarata . Dickinson a nga tlanganga xiphemu eka ku kurisiwa ka n’wana wa yena: Ku vikiwa leswaku Sisulu u hlangane na yena kan’we ntsena, hi malembe yava 1940s, loko anga se lova hi malembe ya va 1970s.  Sisulu na sesi wa yena, Rosabella, va kurisiwe hi ndyangu wa mana wa yena, lava av a huma eka rixaka ra Va-Thembu . A a ri ekusuhi na malume wa yena, Dyantyi Hlakula, loyi a a hisekela ndhavuko wa Xiqhosa naswona a langutela ku yisiwaa engomeni ka yena . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; ​​ &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Exikarhi ka malembe ya yena ya vujahana, Sisulu u tshike xikolo – xikolo xa mixini xa Anglican – ku ya lava ntirho.  Le [[Joni]], u tirhile mintirho yo hambana hambana, ku katsa na ku va muthelara wa mali ya le bangi, mugodi wa nsuku, mutirhi wa le kaya, na mubaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  U hlongoriwile eka ndhawu yo baka hikwalaho ko ringeta ku kondletela vatirhi-kulobye.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

U sungule Sitha Investments hi 1939. A yi ri e Barclay Arcade exikarhi ka West Street na Commissioner Street exifundzheni xa mabindzu xa [[Joni|Johannesburg]]. Xikongomelo xa yona a ku ri ku pfuna vantima na Maindiya ku xava tindlu. Hi nkarhi wa ku tirha ka yona, Sitha a ku ri yona ntsena nhlangano wa vantima eAfrika Dzonga.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Simmy</title>
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'''[[Simphiwe Majobe Nhlangulela]]''', loyi a tivekaka ngopfu hi vito ra yena ra xiteji '''Simmy''', i muyimbeleri na mutsari wa tinsimu wa Afrika Dzonga&lt;ref&gt;https://musicboard.app/artist/simmy/&lt;/ref&gt;. 

U kumile ndhuma hi lembe ra 2018, endzhaku ko sayina ntwanano wo rhekhoda na EL World Music no humesa alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya situdiyo ''Tugela Fairy'' (2018), leyi tswariweke hi ti single leti dumeke &quot;Ngiyesaba&quot;, &quot;Ubala&quot;, &quot;Umahlalela&quot;. Alibamu leyi yi tiyisisiwile tani hi Platinum hi Recording Industry of South Africa (RiSA).

Alibamu ya yena ya vumbirhi ya xitudiyo  ''Tugela Fairy (Made of Stars)'' (2020), leyi nga sungula eka nomboro ya vunharhu etikweni rin’we.
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Connie Ferguson u vulavule hi yena</title>
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'''Constance Ferguson''' (née '''Masilo''' ; u velekiwile hiti 10 Khotavuxika 1970)   I mutlangi wa le Motswana loyi a tshamaku  eAfrika-Dzonga, muendli wa tifilimi, muhumelerisi na n'wamabindzu. U tiveka ngopfu hi ntirho wa  yena tani hi &quot; ''Karabo Moroka'' &quot; eka soap opera leyi dumeke swinene ya Afrika-Dzonga, ''Generations'' . &lt;ref&gt;The South African TV authority. Currently plays Harriet Khoza on the Ferguson Films and M-net original soap The Queen, ''Connie Furguson'', 2014. Retrieved on 4 October 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;  U tlangile eka nongonoko lowu ku sukela loko wu sungurile hi 1993 ku fikela loko a huma hi 2010. Hi lembe ra 2014, u tlhele a tlanga xiphemu xa yena eka nongonoko endzhaku ka kuka a nga ri kona ku ringana malembe ya 4 ku ringana xinkarhana nyana. &lt;ref&gt;Bernice Maune [http://www.timeslive.co.za/entertainment/2014/10/23/confirmed-connie-ferguson-is-coming-back-to-generations &quot;Confirmed: Connie Ferguson is coming back to 'Generations'&quot;], ''[[The Times (South Africa)]]'', Johannesburg, 23 October 2014. Retrieved on 24 October 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Ferguson a ri eka xifunengeto xa magazini wa ''Forbes Woman Africa'' hi 2018. 

-Hi 1993, u sungurile ku tlanga eka xiphemu lexikulu xa Karabo Moroka, nsati wa Tau Mogale na sesi wa Archie Moroka, eka soap opera leyi dumeke swinene ya Afrika- Dzonga, ''Generations'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Generations}}&lt;/ref&gt; U tlangile na Menzi Ngubane, Slindile Nodangala na Sophie Ndaba . Hi lembe ra 2010, endzhaku ko tlanga xiphemu xo rhangela xa Karabo Moroka ku ringana malembe ya 16,  Connie u tivise ku suka ka yena eka Generations &quot;ku ya landzelela tindlela tin'wana ta ntirho&quot;.  Ferguson u tshikile Generations eka noti ya kahle tani hi leswi a tlheleleka eka Soapie endzhaku ka mune wa malembe, hi 2014, ku pfuneta ku sungula nakambe ''Generations: The Legacy'' .  U tshikile nongonoko nakambe hi 2016.  Hi lembe ra 2023, Ferguson u vuyile endzhaku eka nongonoko, xikan’we na Rapulana Seiphemo ku tlhela va tlanga swiphemu swa vona swa ntsheketo tani hi Karabo Moroka c [[xikan'we]] na Tau Mogale.   

. 
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>King Monada</title>
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'''Khutso Steven Kgatla''', loyi a tivekaka ngopfu hi vito ra '''King Monada''', rale xitejin i xiyimbeleri  nkulu xa Afrika Dzonga, hiletlhelo [[Khutso steven kgatla|mutsari]] wa tinsimu, na muhumelerisi wa tirhekhodo.  U tlakukile swinene kuya eka ndhuma endzhaku ka ku humesiwa ka risimu ra yena ra 2016 &quot;Ska Bhora Moreki&quot; na &quot;Malwedhe&quot; (2018), leri nga fika eka nhlohlorhi ya #9 iTunes Chart na #54 Apple Music Chart .  U tiveka hi ku yimbelela hi ririmi ra Khelobedu,  leri nga tindzimi ta ndhawu ya Xisotho xa le N’walungwini . 
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xihlamusela-marito xa xirhendzevutani</title>
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'''Chidimma Vanessa Onwe Adetshina''' i modele [[Afrika-Dzonga|wa Afrika-Dzonga]] loyi a a phikizana eka Miss South Africa 2024, a fika eka vafayinali ya le henhla ya 11&lt;ref&gt;Miss SA 2024: Meet the Top 11 contestants (thesouthafrican.com)&lt;/ref&gt;, naswona u vitaniwile ku susiwa eka mphikizano. Ku vuriwa leswaku a nga swi kotanga ku nghenelela hikwalaho ka ndzhaka ya yena leyi pfanganisiweke na yin'wana.&lt;ref&gt;Chidimma Onwe: A South African-Nigerian roots contesting for Miss SA | Pulse Nigeria&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutomi bya le ku sunguleni ==
Chidimma Vanessa Onwe Adetshina u velekiwile hi 2001  eSoweto exibedlhele xa Chris Hani Baragwanath  eka tatana wa le Nigeria, &lt;ref&gt; Chief Michael Adetshina https://lagostojozi.com/jollof-x-amapiano-diary/the-nigerian-miss-south-africa/&lt;/ref&gt; na manana [[Muzambhiki|wa le Mozambique]],  hambi leswi vanhu va vulaka leswaku mana wa yena u hehliwa hi leswaku i Muzulu wa Afrika Dzonga .  Tata wakwe i wa rixaka ra [[Igbo|Igbo,]] kasi mana wakwe i [[Mumozambique l]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;oyi a nga va muaka-tiko wa ntumbuluko wa Afrika-Dzonga.  Loko a pfilunganyeka hi ndhawu leyi a velekiweke eka yona ni tiko ra yena, u basisile nandzu lowu hi ku nyikela vumbhoni eka valawuri. Sweswi u dyondza vuxaka bya matiko ya misava eYunivhesiti ya Pretoria. Ku nghenelela ka yena eka mphikizano wa Miss South Africa swi rhendzeriwe hi njhekanjhekisano, laha van’wana va kombelaka leswaku a susiwa hikwalaho ka swivilelo swa yena swa vaakatiko na ku faneleka.   

== Ku tlanga hi swifaniso ==

[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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'''Chidimma Vanessa Onwe Adetshina''' i modele [[Afrika-Dzonga|wa Afrika-Dzonga]] loyi a a phikizana eka [[Miss South Africa 2024]], a fika eka vafayinali ya le henhla ya 11&lt;ref&gt;Miss SA 2024: Meet the Top 11 contestants (thesouthafrican.com)&lt;/ref&gt;, naswona u vitaniwile ku susiwa eka mphikizano. Ku vuriwa leswaku a nga swi kotanga ku nghenelela hikwalaho ka ndzhaka ya yena leyi pfanganisiweke na yin'wana.&lt;ref&gt;Chidimma Onwe: A South African-Nigerian roots contesting for Miss SA | Pulse Nigeria&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutomi bya le ku sunguleni ==
Chidimma Vanessa Onwe Adetshina u velekiwile hi 2001 [[Chris Hani Baragwanath|eSoweto exibedlhele xa Chris Hani Baragwanath]], eka tatana wa le [[Nigeria]], &lt;ref&gt; Chief Michael Adetshina https://lagostojozi.com/jollof-x-amapiano-diary/the-nigerian-miss-south-africa/&lt;/ref&gt; na manana [[Muzambhiki|wa le Mozambique]],  hambi leswi vanhu va vulaka leswaku mana wa yena u hehliwa hi leswaku i Muzulu wa Afrika Dzonga .  Tata wakwe i wa rixaka ra [[Igbo|Igbo,]] kasi mana wakwe i [[Mumozambique l]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;oyi a nga va muaka-tiko wa ntumbuluko wa Afrika-Dzonga.  Loko a pfilunganyeka hi ndhawu leyi a velekiweke eka yona ni tiko ra yena, u basisile nandzu lowu hi ku nyikela vumbhoni eka valawuri. Sweswi u dyondza vuxaka bya matiko ya misava e[[Yunivhesiti ya Pretoria]]. Ku nghenelela ka yena eka mphikizano wa [[Miss South Africa]] swi rhendzeriwe hi njhekanjhekisano, laha van’wana va kombelaka leswaku a susiwa hikwalaho ka swivilelo swa yena swa vaakatiko na ku faneleka.   

== Ku tlanga hi swifaniso ==

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Miss South Africa 2024]]
[[Category:Hosptitals in Soweto, Chris HaniBaragwana]]
[[Category:Miss South Africa finalist who is Nigerian]]
[[Category:University of Pretoria International relation]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Focalistic</title>
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'''Lethabo Sebetso'''  (u velekiwe hi ti 26 ta Mudyaxihi1996), hi xi phurofexinali u tiveka tanihi '''Focalistic''', i muyimbeleri wa ti-rap wa Afrika-Dzonnga. U vile wa ndhuma endzhaku ka risimu ra yena ra &quot; Ke Star &quot;,  laha ri nga fikelele nomboro ya 16 eka tichati ta Billboard Top Triller Global.  U velekiwile no kurisiwa [[Pitori|ePitori,]] Sebetso ari mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge loko anga se landzelela ntirho wa vuyimbeleri tani hi muyimbeleri wa rhep, u humesile alibamu ya yena yosungula ya studio ''Sgubhu Ses Excellent'' (2020).&lt;ref&gt;Focalistic - The Rising Star of Amapiano | The Go-To Guy (thegotoguy.co.za)&lt;/ref&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Michael Jackson</title>
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'''Michael Joseph Jackson''' (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) ari xiyimbeleri xa le Amerika, mutsari wa tinsimu, hiletelo  mucinci, na mupfuni wa vanhu. U vitaniwa &quot; '''King of Pop''' &quot;, hi xilngu. U tekiwa [[MICHAE JACKSON|tani]]&lt;ref&gt;MICHAEL JACKSON&lt;/ref&gt; hi un'wana wa vanhu va nkoka swinene va ndzhavuko eka lembe xidzana ra vu 20. Eka ntirho wa yena wa makume ya mune wa malembe, ku hoxa xandla ka yena eka vuyimbeleri, ncino na fexeni, kun’we na vutomi bya yena bya munhu hi xiyexe lebyi hangalasiweke, swi n’wi endle munhu wo rhandziwa hi vanhu misava hinkwayo eka ndhavuko lowu dumeke. Michael Jackson u kucetele vayimbeleri eka tinxaka to tala ta vuyimbeleri. Hi ku tirhisa mintlangu ya le xitejini ni ya vhidiyo, u endle leswaku ku duma cinelo rayena switlhea swi endla leswaku vanhu van'wi rhandza swinene, micino leyi ya yena ayi vitaniwa macinelo ya xi roboto.michael jackson&lt;ref group=&quot;michael jackon&quot;&gt;michael jackson&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bonang Matheba</title>
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      <text bytes="851" sha1="toapjqpl4dtxuzk5tfja55mk8ysbeb5" xml:space="preserve"> &lt;ref&gt;Bonang Matheba Biography &amp; Profile | Real Age, Family, Career, Businesses, Awards, Relationships (mzansiprofiles.co.za)&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Bonang Dorothy Matheba''' (loyi a velekiweke hi siku ra 25 Nhlangula 1987)  i muhaxi wa thelevhixini wa Afrika-Dzonga, munhu wa xiyanimoya, mutlangi wa swifaniso na munhu wa swihangalasamahungu swa le ka social media. U tiveka hi vutshila bya yena byo nyikela hi ndlela yo hlamarisa na rito ra yena ra nsayino. U nyikerile nongonoko wa vuyimbeleri wa   [[SABC 1]]''.''(lowu sweswi wu tivekaka tani hi ''Live Amp'') lowu ku nga wona wu nga n’wi aka ku vonakala eka bindzu leri.&lt;ref&gt;Bonang Matheba Biography &amp; Profile | Real Age, Family, Career, Businesses, Awards, Relationships (mzansiprofiles.co.za)&lt;/ref&gt; 


[[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Swihangalasamahungu]] [[Category:Matheba]] [[Category:Live Amp]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vu bihi bya swidzidziharisi</title>
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      <text bytes="1298" sha1="ce96xvrwdwiwrf77k516ucgftm7zsjs" xml:space="preserve">'''Vubihi''' bya swidzidziharisi. swidzidziharisi. Swidzidziharisi i nvhumu wo karhi lowu vanhu va wu dzahaku ku na mixakaxak yo hambana ya swidzidziharisi swinwani va swi tivana ku i mbangi kambe swinw'ani vari i fole.Swidzidziharisi swi dlaya swirhu swa mirhi kambe vanhu ava switekeli enhlokweni. Van'wani va nghena va huma [[eXibedhlele]] hikwalaho kwa swidzidziharisi.&lt;ref&gt;Xihoko Ni Swidzidziharisi | Bibele Yi Hundzula Vutomi (jw.org)&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[Vantshwa]] va masiku lawa va hanya vutomi bya ku avana mhaka leswaku mundzuku ku ta humelela yini. Vanwani loko ro pela vanga dzhahangi uta voko ari karhi a rhurhumela. Laha va ti vangelaku mavabyi va nga langutelangi, swidzidziharisi swi dlaya xivindi kambe vantshwa ava switeli enhlokweni leswaku leswi vaswi endleku swi va onhela rihanyu.&lt;ref&gt;Swidzidziharisi swi onha vantshwa | TITIMULENI NTHAVELA&lt;/ref&gt;

Munhu u fanele ku papalata mhaka ya ku tshamela ro dzaha a tekela rihanyu ra yena enhlokweni. [[Evutonwini]] lebyi hi hanyaku byona ku lahliwa vantshwa vo tala hi kwalaho tirhisa swi dzidziharisi hi ndlela yo ka yingari kahle.&lt;ref&gt;Ku an’wisa ni swidzidziharisi | La Leche League SA (lllsa.org)&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Cigarette DS.jpg|center|thumb|497x497px]]

== Rheference ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Category:Xibedhlele]]
[[Category:Swidzidziharisi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>NKOKA WA DYONDZO</title>
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      <text bytes="800" sha1="09n3le8z6x2owraho75q5dco51wts9q" xml:space="preserve">'''Dyondzo''' I xitlhangu xa vutomi, hi yona yihi nyikaka rivoni ra vumundzuku bya hina. Mutswari unwana na unwana u yisa nwana wa yena exikolweni hiku tiva leswaku dyondzo yi hlangula mihloti ya ndlala na vusweti. Nwana loyi a nga yingisiku vatswari u endla swo huma ndleleni minkarhi wo tala, [[Dyondzo-Afrika|Dyondzo]] yin a nkoka masiku lama hi hanyaka eka wona hikuva na mintirho ya masiku lama yilava ntangha khume.&lt;ref&gt;[[Dyondzo-Afrika|dyondzo]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Swina nkoka ku tekela enhlokweni dyondzo nkarhi waha pfumela, ku tikuma u ri karhi u kota ku tiyimela tani hi munhu swa tsakisa swinene hikuva u kota ku tiendlela leswi u swilavaka hi nkarhi wa wena.Eka munkarhi leyi hi hanyaka eka yona loko u dyondzile u tekeriwa enhlokweni swinene eka vanhu lava va nga dyondzangiku, u tlhela u xiximeka.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vuthlokovetseri bya Xitsonga</title>
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      <text bytes="3026" sha1="c2wtc4xhbe6k0mlnmojlsjyrdwgv4dq" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Vutlhokoveteri|Vutlhokovetseri]]''' ku kongomisiwa eka mphofulo wa miehleketo ya xiyimo xa le henhla lowu kumekaka eka xithlokovetselo. [[Mutsari wa tinovhele|Mutsari]] u tirhisa [[swigaririmi]] leswaku hungu ra yena ri twala kahle, mutsari a nga tirhisi [[Ririmi|ririm]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;i ra masiku na masiku muhlayi u fanele ku hlaya xithlokovetseri ku kondza u kuma nhlokomhaka, hikuva minkarhi yo tala mutsari a nga tsali nhlokomhaka yo fambelana kumbe yi nga vuli leswi mutsari a vulaka swona.  
[[File:John Harris Poem.jpg|center|thumb|xithlokovetselo ]]
Vutlhokovetseri i muxaka wun’wana wa [[matsalwa]] lowu vatlhokovetseri va tirhisaka vutshila ku tumbuluxa na ku rungula mhaka yo karhi hi ku tirhisa tithekiniki ta vutlhokovetseri. Vatlhokovetseri va boxa matitwelo ya vona hi ku tirhisa [[ririmi ra vutlhokovetseri]] leri nga boxiki mhaka hi ku kongoma kambe ri tirhisa swigaririmi.
Vutlhokovetseri i [[mphofulo wa miehleketo]], lowu heleketiwaka hi ntwiwo lowukulu wa mbilu. Mphofulo lowu wu paluxiwa hi ririmi ro khavisa ra swigaririmi laha marito ma tirhisiwaka hi ndlela ya vutlharhi ku tlhontlha miehleketo. Vutlhokovetseri i matitwelo ya munhu lawa a ma humeselaka handle hi ku tirhisa ririmi ro tumbela ku paluxa leswi nga tumbelangiki. Vutlhokovetseri i tsalwa leri nga endlaka muhlayi a tsaka, a rila a hlundzuka kumbe a hlekelela hi ku twisisa vutshila lebyi mutsari a byi tirhiseke ku humesela hungu ra yena eka vahlayi. Vutlhokovetseri byi nga phofuriwa nkarhi wun’wana hi ku vulavula kunene ku nga tsariwanga hansi. Muxaka lowu wa vutlhokovetseri wu endliwa hi vanhu lava phataka kumbe ku ndhundhuzela munhu wo karhi. Xivumbeko xa vutlhokovetseri xi hambanile ni xa matsalwa man’wana. Switlhokovetselo swi vumbiwile hi mintila na [[switanza]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;mambane_d_2022.pdf (ul.ac.za)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Thesis - Nkuna, n.v.-.pdf (univen.ac.za)&lt;/ref&gt;  
=== Tinxaka ta vuthlokovetseri ===
[[Sonete]] i ndzimana leyi vumbiweke hi mintila ya khume na mune eka xitlhokovetselo kumbe eka xiphato xa ariki. [[Baladi]] i xitlhokovetselo lexi nga ni kongomelo unwe, mayelana ni xivumbeko, xitlhokovetselo lexi xi tala kuva na [[ndzimana]] leyi vumbiweke hi mintila ya mune. [[Xirilo]] i xitlhokovetselo xa xivilelo. [[Odi]] i xitlhokovetselo xarixaka ra iriki yo leha kumbe xa xivumbeko xa xiphato xa ndhavuko, xitlhokovetselo xa rixaka leri xi pfumala switandza swa ndzinganiso. [[Allegory]] leyi hi Xitsonga ku nga aligori, i xithokovetselo xa ndzungulo wo leha lexi voyamelaka eka vukhongeri byo karhi kumbe lexi nga na nkucetelo wo karhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Microsoft Word - XITSONGA MIND THE GAP (POETRY) - 2020 - 03 FEBRUARY 2020.doc (education.gov.za)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rheferense ===
Mambane, D., 2022. ''Mivilelo ya vatlhokovetseri va xitsonga hi ku kongomisa eka swi'na swa switlhovetselo swa xitsonga swa vantshwa'' (Doctoral dissertation).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Thesis - Nkuna, n.v.-.pdf (univen.ac.za)

Microsoft Word - XITSONGA MIND THE GAP (POETRY) - 2020 - 03 FEBRUARY 2020.doc (education.gov.za)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <title>Thabo Bester</title>
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      <text bytes="1135" sha1="42qgfysywj5tpsbzfetws9zltei7178" xml:space="preserve">'''Thabo Bester''' (loyi a velekiweke hi siku ra 13 Nhlangula 1986) i mupfinyi na mudlayi loyi a voniweke nandzu wa Afrika-Dzonga loyi a balekeke [[eMangaung Correctional Center]] eAfrika-Dzonga endzhaku ko endla onge rifu ra yena eka ndzilo lowu nga pfurha exitokisini xa yena xa khotso hi May 2022. U balekile ku ringana kwalomu ka lembe a nga si khomiwa [[eArusha]], [[Tanzania]] hi siku ra 8 Hukuri 2023. U khomiwile xikan’we na munghana wa yena na ku hehliwa leswaku u tirhisana na yena, dokodela wa ndhuma [[Nandipha Magudumana]].[[Bester]] a a tiveka tani hi &quot;Mupfinyi wa Facebook&quot; hikuva a tirhisa pulatifomo ku koka timodeli hi swivandla swa mintirho swa vuxisi. U pfumerile nandzu wa ku pfinya kambirhi na ku dlaya kan'we naswona u gweviwe ku tshama ekhotsweni vutomi hinkwabyo. [https://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-and-courts/thabo-bester-a-look-back-at-how-he-became-the-facebook-rapist-bdbb1fea-96b2-4517-8d20-ff56847d1da4]
[[File:Jail cells at Alcatraz.jpg|alt=Jele ya Arusha|thumb|Khotso ra Arusha]]


== Rheferense&lt;ref&gt;Thabo Bester: A look back at how he became the Facebook Rapist (iol.co.za)&lt;/ref&gt; ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tinwheti ta lembe</title>
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      <text bytes="359" sha1="gjcuj5ahtor3f9zt70th2exgm216h99" xml:space="preserve">TIN'WHETI TA LEMBE

Sunguti,Nyenyenyani ,Nyenyankulu,Dzivamusoko,Mudyaxihi,Khotavuxika,Mawuwani,Mhawuri,Ndzhati,Nlangula,Hukuri,Nwendzemhala.Leti hi tona [[tinwheti ta lembe|tin'wheti ta lembe]] .&lt;ref&gt;Months of the year in Xitsonga Flashcards | Quizlet&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Four seasons.jpg|thumb|Tin'wheti tita na ku cinca ka tinguva]]
== RHEFERENSE ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tinhweti ta lembe</title>
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      <text bytes="252" sha1="kucfgckbbgypsggtw2xkbkplco2w5ph" xml:space="preserve">'''[[TINHWETI TA LEMBE]]'''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.masteranylanguage.com/c/r/en/Tsonga/MonthsOfYear&lt;/ref&gt; 

'''[[Sunguti]]''' 

Nyenyenyani

Nyenyankulu 

Dzivamusoko

Mudyaxihi 

Khotavuxika

Mawuwana

Mhawuri

[[Ndzhati]] 

Hlangula

Hukuri 

N&quot;wendzamhala.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hosi Nwamitwa Filia</title>
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      <text bytes="810" sha1="0n2n79vpmx227abq0yehhlqv259oe9h" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tzaneen.jpg|thumb|Ma damu ya mati edoroba ra Tzaneen]]
'''Nwamitwa''' i ndhawu leyi yi kumekaka [[eLimpopo]] ehansi ka doroba ra [[Tzaneen]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.greatertzaneen.gov.za/&lt;/ref&gt; Hosi Nwamitwa i mu rhangeri wa xisati wa ndhawu leyo. I wansati wo sungula kuva hosi eka doroba ra Tzaneen, kambe vanhu va kona va hanya hi ku hlupheka loko swi ta eka ku kuma mati. Hosi Filia u khome vanhu va ka Nwamitwa ku vava, laha va faneleke ku rhanga va lwela xa nwanchumu loko va xilava ku fana na mati na swinwani na swinwana leswi lavekaka etikweni ku hanyisa vanhu. Eka maphephahungu hi tshama hi karhi hitwa hungu ra leswaku vanhu va ka Nwamitwa va pfale patu va sitirayika va rilela xa nwa nchumu kambe [[Hosi Nwamitwa]] u rhangisa swa timali emahlweni ka vaakatiko.

== Swikombo ==
[[Category:Tzaneen]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Minhlohlotelo Leyi nga Endlaka Vadlayi</title>
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      <text bytes="1063" sha1="fofkzbgmbnjoivav7rogc7vhnkc3dru" xml:space="preserve">'''Xana''' vadlayi voti endla, kumbe vo endliwa xana?
[[File:John Wayne Gacy art 2.jpg|thumb|Loyi hi wunwani wa vadlayi wa le Amerika loyi anga va na vuhlangi byoka byinga tsakisi.]]


Kuna swilo swo tala leswi nga endlaka leswaku munhu a dlaya. Swilo swo fana na vuhlangi byo tlanyala. Vuhlangi bya munhu unwani na unwani byi na nkonka leswaku byiva lebyo saseka no tsakisa. Kutsandeka ka vatswari ku hlayisa vana va vona na ku va vavisa i xinwe xa minhlohlotelo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wordsworth.co.za/products/killer-stories&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vativi Va Swamianakanyo ==
Vativi va Swamianakanyo va vula leswaku loko munhu o pfumala ntwela vusiwana kumbe ku kombisa kuti sola eka vanwana vanhu uva a tlanyale miehleketo. Va tlhela va vula leswaku ku honisiwa hi vatswari kumbe vanhu lava va ngava kurisa swi vanga leswaku munhu ati twa onge uhava vinyi na ku  va na rivengo eka vumunhu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nthavela.co.za/2023/06/20/bester-magudumani-na-vaehleketeleriwa-va-nwani-va-languteriwile-ku-tlhelela-ekhoto/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rheferense ==

[[Category:Vativi va swa miehleketo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uruguay</title>
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      <text bytes="11705" sha1="f7rpfegsl19g9xrvmz5d3tsbr8z8bw6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tiko|conventional_long_name=Oriental Republic of Uruguay|common_name=Uruguay|native_name={{native name|es|República Oriental del Uruguay}}|image_flag=Flag of Uruguay.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of Uruguay.svg|national_motto={{native phrase|es|Libertad o Muerte|paren=off}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Freedom or Death&quot;|national_anthem={{native phrase|es|Himno Nacional de Uruguay|paren=off}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[National Anthem of Uruguay]]&quot;{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United_States_Navy_Band_-_National_Anthem_of_Uruguay_(short_with_intro).ogg]]}}|other_symbol=[[File: Sol de Mayo-Bandera de Uruguay.svg |90x90px|alt=Sol de Mayo]]|other_symbol_type={{native name|es|[[Sun of May|Sol de Mayo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Crow|first=John A. |title=The Epic of Latin America|edition=4th|publisher=University of California Press|place=Berkeley |year=1992|isbn=978-0-520-07723-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/epicoflatinameri00crow|page=457|quote=In the meantime, while the crowd assembled in the plaza continued to shout its demands at the cabildo, the sun suddenly broke through the overhanging clouds and clothed the scene in brilliant light. The people looked upward with one accord and took it as a favorable omen for their cause. This was the origin of the ″sun of May″ which has appeared in the center of the Argentine flag and on the Argentine coat of arms ever since.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Kopka|first=Deborah|title=Central &amp; South America|publisher=Lorenz Educational Press|place=Dayton, OH|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4291-2251-1|page=5|quote=The sun's features are those of [[Inti]], the [[Inca]]n sun god. The sun commemorates the appearance of the Sun through cloudy skies on May 25, 1810, during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence.}}&lt;/ref&gt;|nolink=yes|paren=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(Sun of May)}}|image_map=URY orthographic.svg|map_width=220px|map_caption={{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=South America |region_color=none }}|capital=[[Montevideo]]|coordinates={{Coord|34|53|S|56|10|W|type:city}}|largest_city=capital|languages_type=[[Official language]]|languages={{hlist|[[Rioplatense Spanish|Spanish]]{{efn|Spanish has never been proclaimed the official language of Uruguay by either constitution or any decree. However, it is ''[[de facto]]'' official in all forms of government and society.}}|[[Uruguayan Sign Language]]{{efn|It has ''[[de jure]]'' official status as of 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite act |type=Law |index= |date=25 July 2001 |article= |article-type= |legislature= |title=Ley N° 17378 |trans-title=Law #17378 |page= |url=https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17378-2001 |language=es }} {{Cite web |url=https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17378-2001 |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520104508/https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17378-2001 |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=LSU&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Meyers|first1=Stephen|last2=Lockwood|first2=Elizabeth|date=2014-12-06|title=The Tale of Two Civil Societies: Comparing disability rights movements in Nicaragua and Uruguay|url=https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3845|journal=Disability Studies Quarterly|language=en|volume=34|issue=4|doi=10.18061/dsq.v34i4.3845|issn=2159-8371|doi-access=free|access-date=30 May 2022|archive-date=27 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627084811/https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3845|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}}}|religion={{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* 60.8% [[Christianity]]
{{tree list/end}}
 | 38.0% [[Irreligion in Uruguay|no religion]]
 | 1.2% other / unspecified
 }}|religion_ref=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.ine.gub.uy/encuesta-continua-de-hogares1 | title=Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) – Instituto Nacional de Estadística | access-date=15 August 2022 | archive-date=8 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208034043/https://www.ine.gub.uy/encuesta-continua-de-hogares1 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|demonym=[[Uruguayans|Uruguayan]]|government_type=[[Presidential system|Unitary presidential republic]]|leader_title1=[[President of Uruguay|President]]|leader_name1=[[Luis Lacalle Pou]]|leader_title2=[[Vice President of Uruguay|Vice President]]|leader_name2=[[Beatriz Argimón]]|legislature=[[General Assembly of Uruguay|General Assembly]]|upper_house=[[Senate of Uruguay|Senate]]|lower_house=[[Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay|Chamber of Representatives]]|sovereignty_type=Independence|sovereignty_note=from [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]]|established_event1=[[Thirty-Three Orientals#Campaign|Declared]]|established_date1=25 August 1825|established_event2=[[Preliminary Peace Convention (1828)|Recognized]]|established_date2=27 August 1828|established_event3={{nowrap|[[Constitution of Uruguay|Current constitution]]}}|established_date3=15 February 1967|established_event4=|established_date4=|area_km2=176,215|area_footnote=&lt;ref name=&quot;Factbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Uruguay|access-date=22 June 2023|year=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Uruguay Presidencia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Población en Uruguay aumentó 1%: se contabiliza en 3.444.263 habitantes |url=https://www.gub.uy/presidencia/comunicacion/noticias/poblacion-uruguay-aumento-1-se-contabiliza-3444263-habitantes |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=Uruguay Presidencia |language=es |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128035627/https://www.gub.uy/presidencia/comunicacion/noticias/poblacion-uruguay-aumento-1-se-contabiliza-3444263-habitantes |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|area_rank=89th|area_sq_mi=68,037|percent_water=1.5|population_census=3,444,263&lt;ref name=&quot;Uruguay Presidencia&quot;/&gt;|population_census_year=2023|population_census_rank=132nd|population_density_km2=19.5|population_density_sq_mi=48.3|population_density_rank=206th|GDP_PPP={{increase}} $107.946 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.UY&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=111,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2022&amp;ey=2027&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: April 2024|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|website=imf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;|GDP_PPP_year=2024|GDP_PPP_rank=98th|GDP_PPP_per_capita={{increase}} $30,170&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.UY&quot; /&gt;|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=62nd|GDP_nominal={{increase}} $82.605 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.UY&quot; /&gt;|GDP_nominal_year=2024|GDP_nominal_rank=77th|GDP_nominal_per_capita={{increase}} $23,088&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.UY&quot; /&gt;|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=49th|Gini=40.6 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|Gini_year=2022|Gini_change=increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|Gini_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;gini-index&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=UY|title=GINI index|publisher=World Bank|access-date=15 July 2024|archive-date=10 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110043725/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=UY|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Gini_rank=|HDI=0.830 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|HDI_year=2022&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;|HDI_change=increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|HDI_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|HDI_rank=52nd|currency=[[Uruguayan peso]]|currency_code=UYU|time_zone=UYT|utc_offset=−3|DST_note=|date_format=dd/mm/yyyy|drives_on=right|calling_code=[[Telephone numbers in Uruguay|+598]]|iso3166code=|cctld=[[.uy]]|religion_year=2021}}
&lt;references /&gt;

'''Uruguay''' ( {{IPAc-en|ˈ|jʊər|ə|ɡ|w|aɪ|audio=en-us-Uruguay-1.ogg}}  {{respell|YOOR|ə|gwy}}, .{{IPA|es|uɾuˈɣwaj|lang|ES-pe - Uruguay.ogg}}{{IPA|es|uɾuˈɣwaj|lang|ES-pe - Uruguay.ogg}}&lt;span class=&quot;IPA-label IPA-label-small&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;Spanish:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;IPA nowrap&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; lang=&quot;es-Latn-fonipa&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;uɾuˈɣwaj&amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;phonos file=&quot;ES-pe - Uruguay.ogg&quot;&gt;&lt;/phonos&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:Pages with Spanish IPA]]
[[Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations]]
), officially the '''Oriental Republic of Uruguay''' ({{lang-es|República Oriental del Uruguay}}), is a country in [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|South America]]. Yi avelana mindzilakano na [[Arjentina|Argentina]] evupela-dyambu na dzonga-vupela-dyambu na Brazil en’walungwini na n’walungu-vuxa, kasi yi hlangana na Río de la Plata edzongeni na Lwandle ra Atlantic edzonga-vuxa. I xiphemu xa xifundzha xa Southern Cone xa [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|Amerika Dzonga]] . Uruguay yi ni ndhawu ya kwalomu ka {{Convert|176,215|km2|sqmi}} .  Ri ni vaaki va kwalomu ka 3,4 wa timiliyoni, laha kwalomu ka 2 wa timiliyoni ta vona va tshamaka endhawini ya doroba-nkulu ra ntsindza wa rona ni doroba lerikulu, Montevideo .

Ndhawu leyi veke Uruguay yi sungule ku tshama hi mintlawa ya vahloti-vahlengeleti emalembeni ya 13 000 lama hundzeke.  Rixaka lerikulu hi nkarhi lowu vanhu va le Yuropa va fikeke ha wona a ku ri vanhu va le Charrúa . Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, a ku tlhela ku va ni tinxaka tin’wana, to tanihi Maguaraní ni Machaná, loko [[Mfumo wa Maputukezi|Maputukezi]] ma sungula ku simeka Colonia do Sacramento hi 1680; Uruguay ri endliwe tikoloni hi vanhu va le Yuropa endzhaku ka matiko lama nga ekusuhi na rona.

Mapaniya yasungule Montevideo tani hi ndzhawu ya masocha ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 18 hikokwalaho ka swikoxo leswi phikizanaka eka ndzhawu leyi, kasi Uruguay yi hlule ntshunxeko wa yona exikarhi ka 1811 na 1828, endzhaku ka nyimpi ya mune exikarhi ka Portugal na Spain, naswona endzhaku Argentina na Brazil. Yi tshame yi ri ehansi ka nkucetelo wa matiko mambe ni ku nghenelela eka hafu hinkwayo yo sungula ya lembe-xidzana ra vu-19.  Ku sukela eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu-19 ku ya eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-20, ku tirhisiwile ku cinca ko tala ka vuphayona bya ikhonomi, vatirhi ni ntshamisano, leswi endleke leswaku ku tumbuluxiwa mfumo wa vuhlayiseki lowu hluvukeke swinene, hi yona mhaka leyi tiko leri ri sunguleke ku tiviwa tanihi “Switzerland of the Americas.” &quot;.&quot;.  Hambiswiritano, nxaxamelo wa swiphiqo swa ikhonomi ni ku lwisana ni nyimpi ya vapfukeri va le madorobeni ya le ximatsi swinene eku heleni ka va-1960 ni le ku sunguleni ka va-1970 swi fikelele makumu hi ''ku hluriwa ka mfumo'' hi 1973, loku simekeke vulawuri bya tihanyi bya vaaki-vusocha ku fikela hi 1985.  Uruguay namuntlha i riphabliki ra vumbiwa ra xidemokirasi, leri nga ni muungameri loyi a tirhaka tanihi nhloko ya tiko ni nhloko ya mfumo .

Uruguay yi hlamuseriwa tani hi &quot;xidemokirasi lexi heleleke&quot; naswona yi le henhla swinene eka swipimelo swa matiko ya misava swa ku va mfumo wu va erivaleni, ntshunxeko wa ikhonomi, nhluvuko wa vaaki, ku ringana ka miholo, muholo wa munhu un'we, vutumbuluxi, na switirhisiwa.  &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102036/http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/en/data/spi/components/com9 The Social Progress Imperative]. socialprogressimperative.org&lt;/ref&gt;  Tiko leri ri endle leswaku cannabis yi va enawini hi ku helela (tiko ro sungula emisaveni ku endla tano), swin’we ni vukati bya rimbewu leri fanaka, vunghwavava, ni ku susa khwiri . I xirho lexi sunguleke [[Matiko la ma hlanganeke|Nhlangano wa Matiko]], OAS, na Mercosur .</text>
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    <title>Nkutsulo wa Vumaki</title>
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'''The Industrial Revolution''', leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tani hi '''First Industrial Revolution,''' a ku ri nhluvuko eka xiyenge xa vuhumelerisi ; i ku cinca ka xisekelo eka swiyimo swa ikhonomi ya vaaki, [[Ndzhavuko|ndhavuko]] ni [[Thekinoloji|swa xithekiniki]], leswi sunguleke [[England|eNghilandhi]] ivi endzhaku ku hangalaka emisaveni hinkwayo .  Hi nkarhi lowu, ikhonomi yo olova, leyitsongo leyi sekeriweke eka ntirho wa mavoko yi siviwe hi [[Tinkomponi|tiindasitiri]] letikulu na vumaki bya michini. Vito leri nge &quot;Industrial Revolution&quot; ri tala ku tirhisiwa ku kombetela eka xiyenge xa rona xo sungula lexi humeleleke eku heleni ka lembe xidzanalembe xidzana ra vu-18 ni ro sungula19 . Xiyenge xa vumbirhi, lexi tlhelaka xi tiviwa tanihi Nkutsulo wa Vumbirhi wa Tifeme, xi ye emahlweni hi ku hatlisa endzhaku ka hafu ya vumbirhi ya lembe-xidzana leri19th ku ya eku sunguleni ka lembe xidzana20 . Nkucetelo wa yona wu tlange eYuropa Vupela-dyambu ni [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|le Amerika N’walungu]] eka lembe-xidzana hinkwaro19 ivi endzhaku ka sweswo misava hinkwayo .

Mavonelo malunghana ni nkarhi wa Nkutsulo wo Sungula wa Tifeme a ma fambisani, kambe hi ntolovelo ma le ka hafu ya vumbirhi ya lembe-xidzana leri18 ku ya eka hafu yo sungula ya lembe-xidzana leri19 . Nkutsulo wosungula wa ti indasitiri wusungule hiku hluvukisiwa ka vuhumelerisi bya swixavisiwa hi bindzu ra swiambalo. &lt;ref&gt;David S. Landes (1969). ''The Unbound Prometheus''. Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 40. ISBN 0-521-09418-6.&lt;/ref&gt; Kutani, hi xilaveko xo nyika michini na eneji eka bindzu ra swiambalo, tindlela to lulamisa nsimbi na nsimbi ti antswisiwile naswona malahla ya tirhisiwa hi xitalo. Ku ndlandlamuxiwa ka mabindzu ku olovise ku velekiwa ka migerho ni swiporo . Ku engetela kwalaho, magondzo ma ndlandlamuxiwile swinene leswaku ku va ni mintirho ya mabindzu leyi nga ni mpfilumpfilu. Tinjhini ta musi leti tirhisaka malahla ni michini leyi fambiwaka hi michini swi endle leswaku ku va ni ku andza lokukulu ka vuhumelerisi bya vatirhi. Ku tumbuluxiwa ka switirhisiwa swa michini eka makume mambirhi ya malembe ku sungula ka lembe-xidzana leri 19 yi fambisa sekithara ya vumaki bya michini, yi tirhela tiindasitiri tin’wana ta vumaki.

Nkutsulo wa vumbirhi wa tiindasitiri wu sungule kwalomu ka khume ra malembe 1860, loko nhluvuko wa ikhonomi na vuthekiniki wu endliwile hi nhluvukiso wa thelegiramu, riqingho, swiporo na ku sunguriwa ka vuhumelerisi bya xitalo. Eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana leri 19, matimba lama susumeteleke Nkutsulo wa Vumbirhi wa Tifeme ngopfu-ngopfu a ku ri njhini leyi pfurhaka endzeni ni michini [[Gezi|ya gezi]] . Hi 1914, lembe leri Nyimpi yo Sungula ya Misava yi sunguleke ha rona, xiyenge lexi xa vumbirhi xi herile.

Nkutsulo wa Vunharhu wa Tiindasitiri wu sungurile kwalomu ka 1960, loko ku ri na nhluvuko eka switirhisiwa swa elektroniki, tikhompyuta na thekinoloji ya xidijitali leyi simekiweke eka nhluvukiso wa ti semiconductors na ti supercomputers (1960s ), tikhompyuta ta munhu hi xiyexe (1970s na 1980s), na [[Inthaneti|Internet]] (1990s). Ku fikela eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana leri 20, endlelo leri kahle-kahle ri hetisiwile hikwalaho ka ku humelela ka le henhla ka sayense na thekinoloji. Hi 1997, loko ku pfuka xiphiqo xa timali xa le Asia, xi funghe ku hela ka xiyenge xa vunharhu.

Nkutsulo wa Vumune wa Tifeme &lt;ref&gt;Compare: [[Klaus Schwab|Schwab, Klaus]] (2017) [2016]. [https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=ST_FDAAAQBAJ&amp;redir_esc=y The Fourth Industrial Revolution]. New York: Crown Publishing Group. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9781524758875&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Truy cập 2017-06-29. Digital technologies [...] are not new, but in a break with the third industrial revolution, they are becoming more sophisticated and integrated and are, as a result, transforming societies and the global economy. This is the reason why Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) professors Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee have famously referred to this period as 'the second machine age,' [...] the title of their 2014 book [...].&lt;/ref&gt; wu sungule eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana leri21, endzhaku ka ku humelela lokukulu ku sukela eka nkarhi wa vunharhu, yi vumbiwile eka masungulo ya vutumbuluxi ya nhluvuko wa xidijitali, hi thekinoloji leyintshwa yo fana na ku kandziyisa ka 3D, tirhoboto, vutlhari byo endliwa, Inthanete ya Swilo, SMAC, nanotechnology, [[Ntivo-Vutomi|biology]], switirhisiwa leswintshwa,. . Sweswi misava hinkwayo yi le ka swiyimo swo sungula swa nhluvuko lowu naswona i maqhinga ya nkoka eka matiko lama ha hluvukaka ku fambisana ni mikhuva ya misava ni ku pfula ku cinca lokuntshwa eka [[Vanhu|Vanhu .]]

Vuyelo bya nhluvuko wa tiindasitiri a byi ri lebyikulu swinene. A swi cinci vutomi bya vanhu ntsena, ku cinca ka tiindasitiri ku tlhela ku yisa eka ku cinca lokukulu eka xivumbeko xa ikhonomi ya vaaki. Endzhaku ka nhluvuko wo sungula wa tiindasitiri, va-bourgeoisie va hlengelete rifuwo ni matimba lama eneleke, leswi endleke leswaku vukhepitali byi hlula vufeudalism . Endzhaku ka nhluvuko wa vumbirhi wa tiindasitiri, tifektri letikulu ta layini ya vuhumelerisi ti sivele tifektri letitsongo, leswi yiseke eka [[Chủ nghĩa tư bản độc quyền|vukhepitali bya monopoly]] lebyi sivaka [[Chủ nghĩa tư bản tự do cạnh tranh|vukhepitali byo phikizana lebyi ntshunxekeke]], naswona hi nkarhi lowu fanaka Ntlawa wa vatirhi na nhlayo ya minhlangano ya tipolitiki leyi landzelaka vusoxalisi swi vumbiwile. Nkutsulo wa Vunharhu wa Tifeme wu endle leswaku ku velekiwa [[Chủ nghĩa tư bản hiện đại|vukhepitali bya manguva lawa]] . Nkutsulo wa Vumune wa Tiindasitiri wu tshembisa ku cinca xivumbeko xa ikhonomi ya vaaki xa vumunhu nakambe.

== Swiyimo swi velekiwile ==

=== Xivangelo ===
Endzhaku ka Tinyimpi ta Nkutsulo, tinhenha leti vuyaka ti tise swilo swa nkoka leswi a swi ri swintshwa eka vaaki va [[Yuropa|le Yuropa]] hi nkarhi wolowo swo tanihi swinun’hweriso, swinun’hweriso leswintshwa, swilo leswi endliweke hi nsimbi ,... Leswi swi hlohlotele ku xaviselana ka vaxavisi va le Yuropa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Columbus Sails, Others Follow, and Spain Is on Top of the World, VOA Special English.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku nghena eka lembe xidzana 15, ikhonomi ya swixavisiwa eYuropa Vupela-dyambu yi hluvukile swinene, xilaveko xa makete xi andzile. Vabindzurisi va le Yuropa Vupela-dyambu a va lava ku ndlandlamuxa makete wa vona eVuxeni, va lorha hi swihlovo swa nsuku ni silivhere leswi humaka eVuxeni .

Le Yuropa Vupela-dyambu, vuhosi na byona byi andzile, hikwalaho xilaveko xa swilo swo hlawuleka ni swa xiyimo xa le henhla leswi humaka eVuxeni swo tanihi phepha, sinamoni, agarwood [[Tơ tằm|, silika]] ( silika ya mulberry ), timhondzo ta tindlopfu ,... yi tlakuke swinene.

Hi nkarhi wolowo, Ndlela ya Silika leyi vanhu va le Vupela-dyambu va yi tivaka ku sukela khale a yi tekiwe hi Mfumo wa [[Vusurumani|Mamoslem]] wa Ottoman, leswi endleke leswaku swi nga koteki leswaku mabindzu ya le Vupela-dyambu ma hundza laha, hikwalaho a ku ri ni Ndlela yo kuma ndlela leyintshwa elwandle ntsena.

Hi nkarhi wolowo, vanhu vo tala va le Yuropa Vupela-dyambu a va pfumela eka mianakanyo ya leswaku [[Misava]] i xirhendzevutana. Va tlhele va aka swikepe leswi nga ni swikepe leswi nga ni tinhla leswi nga ni matlhelo lama tlakukeke, leswi kotaka ku tsemakanya [[Lwandle|malwandle]], xikepe xin’wana ni xin’wana a xi ri ni khampasi ni [[Thước phương vị|azimuth]], leswi engeteleke ku tiyimisela ka vatluti lava nga ni xivindzi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Columbus Sails, Others Follow, and Spain Is on Top of the World, VOA Special English.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Minhlangano ya vutlhari eYuropa ===
Minhlangano ya vutlhari eYuropa yi tumbuluxe xisekelo xa vutivi bya ku cinca ka tiindasitiri ta tiko-nkulu.

=== Swikumiwa leswikulu swa ntivo-misava swa lembe xidzana ra vu-15–16 ===
[[Spaniya|Spain]] na Portugal i matiko mambirhi lama rhangelaka eka nhlangano wa vutumbuluxi bya [[Ntivo-mbangu|ntivo-misava]] . Hi 1415 ku simekiwe xikolo xa le lwandle naswona xi seketeriwe hi Prince Henrique . Ku sukela kwalaho, lembe ni lembe Maputukezi a ma hlela maendzo eribuweni ra le vupela-dyambu [[Afrika|bya Afrika]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Sách giáo khoa Lịch sử lớp 7, Bài 2: Sự suy vong của chế độ phong kiến và sự hình thành chủ nghĩa tư bản ở Châu Âu, phần 1, Những cuộc phát kiến địa lí, Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi 1486, riendzo ra Maputukezi leri a ri rhangela hi Bartolomeu Dias ri fike emakumu ya le dzongeni wa Afrika, va thye cape leyi vito ra Cape of Good Hope . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Sách giáo khoa Lịch sử lớp 7, Bài 2: Sự suy vong của chế độ phong kiến và sự hình thành chủ nghĩa tư bản ở Châu Âu, phần 1, Những cuộc phát kiến địa lí, Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://ch.ucpress.edu/content/16/1_Part_2/31 The Anonymous Narrative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918123609/http://ch.ucpress.edu/content/16/1_Part_2/31 |date=2018-09-18 }}, page 61&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi 1497, Vasco da Gama u rhangele riendzo ra Maputukezi ro ya [[Indiya|eIndiya]] . U hlawuriwe ku va Xandla xa Hosi ya le Indiya 

[[Spaniya|Vanhu va le Spain]] va ye va ya lava tiko ra India hi tlhelo ra dyambu leri a ri ri karhi ri pela . Hi 1492, riendzo leri a ri rhangela hi Cristoforo Columbus ri fike exihlaleni xa le xikarhi ka Amerika, kambe a a ehleketa leswaku u fike eIndiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Columbus Sails, Others Follow, and Spain Is on Top of the World, VOA Special English.&lt;/ref&gt; U vitane vanhu va ndzhavuko laha i ''Maindiya'' . Endzhakunyana, mufambisi wa swikepe [[Ithali|wa le Italy]], Amerigo Vespucci, u kume leswaku tiko ra India ra Columbus a ku nga ri [[Indiya|tiko ra Indiya]] kambe a ku ri tiko lerintshwa hi ku helela eka [[Yuropa|vanhu va le Yuropa]] . Amerigo u tsale buku ku tiyisekisa. Tiko rero lerintshwa endzhakunyana a ri ta thyiwa vito ra Amerika. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Hi 1519–1522, Ferdinand Magellan u rhangele riendzo rosungula ra Spain ro rhendzeleka na misava. Ntlawa wa swikepe swa ntlhanu leswi nga ni vavanuna va 265 wu tsemakanye lwandle ra Atlantic wu ya eribuweni ra le vuxeni bya [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|Amerika Dzonga]] . Va landzele xirhendzevutana lexitsongo ekusuhi ni le dzongeni wa Amerika kutani va fika elwandle lerikulu leri nga etlhelo lerin’wana. Hi nkarhi wa endlelo ro tsemakanya lwandle rero lerikulu, swikepe swa Magellan leswi fambaka hi xikepe a swi hlangananga ni swidzedze leswikulu . U thye [[lwandle]] rero lerintshwa vito ra Lwandle ra Pacific . Magellan u dlayiwile ePhilippines hi nseve lowu nga ni chefu lowu humaka eka vanhu va kwalaho . Riendzo rakwe a ri ri ni vanhu va 18 ntsena lava poneke lava tlheleleke etikweni ra rikwavo. Vanhu va 247 va file emalwandle hinkwawo ni le swihlaleni swa misava hikwalaho ka swivangelo swo hambana-hambana. Ku humelela lokukulu loku riendzo leri ri ku fikeleleke a ku ri ro sungula vanhu va rhendzeleka emisaveni.

=== Vuyelo bya ku tshuburiwa ka ntivo-misava ===
Vahloti, hi maendzo ya vona ya nsimu ya xivindzi, va kombisile xiringanyeto xa leswaku Misava i xirhendzevutani. Va tlhela va nyika vativi va sayense vutivi byo tala lebyintshwa eka [[Ntivo-mbangu|ntivo-misava]], [[Dyondzo-Tinyeleti|ntivo-tinyeleti]], vutleketli bya swikepe, [[Ntivo-Vutomi|ntivo-vutomi]] ,...

Endzhaku ka ku tshuburiwa loku, ku hlangana exikarhi ka mindhavuko emisaveni hinkwayo ku humelerile hi vanhu va mindhavuko yo hambana ku fana na varhumiwa, vaxavisi, maphayona ya matiko lamantshwa, na masocha cause... &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;How a Desire for Religious Freedom or Land, or Both, Led to Colonies, VOA Special English&lt;/ref&gt; .

Kuve na ku rhurha lokukulu emisaveni hinkwayo eka lembe xidzana ravu 16–18 laha swinambyana swa vanhu vale Europe ava rhurhela e Amerika na Australia . &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;How a Desire for Religious Freedom or Land, or Both, Led to Colonies, VOA Special English&lt;/ref&gt; Mahlonga yo tala ya vantima na wona ma boheke ku suka etikweni ra rikwavo ma ya eAmerika. &lt;ref&gt;Slavery Arrives as Colonial Expansion Heads South, VOA Special English.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;By 1750, Almost One in Four People in the Colonies Were Slaves, VOA Special English&lt;/ref&gt;

Mintirho ya mabindzu emisaveni hinkwayo yi sungule ku hanya, tikhampani to tala ta mabindzu ta matiko hinkwawo ti simekiwile.

Ku tshuburiwa loku ka ndzhawu switlhele swivanga switandzhaku swotala swo biha swofana na ku phangiwa ka vukoloni, ku xavisiwa ka mahlonga ya vantima naswona endzhaku ka nkarhi vukoloni . &lt;ref&gt;British Defeat the French in a Struggle for North America, VOA Special English.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ku hlula ka nhlangano wa ndzhundzunuko wa bourgeois (lembe xidzana ra vu-16–18) . ===
Nhluvukiso wa makete eka xiyimo xa misava hinkwayo wu khumbe nhluvukiso wa matiko yotala, xosungula lawa yanga eribuweni ra Atlantic, aswi papalateki leswaku ku cinca eka mimfumo ya ntshamiseko swita humelela. Va bourgeoisie va ya va kula hi tlhelo ra ikhonomi, kambe a va na xiyimo lexi ringaneleke xa tipolitiki, naswona mfumo wa sweswi wa tipolitiki wu ya wu sivela ndlela ya vona yo endla bindzu. Hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-16 ni ra vu-18, ku cinca ko tala ka va-bourgeois ku humelerile eYuropa Vupela-dyambu ni le [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|Amerika N’walungu]] .

Goza rero ri endliwile hi ku tirhisa nxaxamelo wa mindzhundzunuko ya vubourgeois yo fana na: Nkutsulo wa Maburgeois wa Madachi (1566-1572), Nkutsulo wa Maburgeois wa Manghezi (1640-1689), Nyimpi ya Ntshunxeko eAmerika N’walungu ( 1775–1783), Nkutsulo wa Vubourgeois wa le Furwa (1789–1799 ),...

Hambi leswi ku pfilunganyeka loku ka ntshamisano a ku hambanisiwile hi ndhawu na nkarhi na malembe xidzana yo hambana, hinkwaswo a swi ri na ku fana eka xikongomelo xa swona xo herisa mfumo wa manguva lawa lowu nga sala endzhaku na ku tumbuluxa swiyimo swa [[Kinh tế tư bản|ikhonomi ya vukhepitali.]] Hiku hlula ka ti bourgeois revolutions xikan’we naku velekiwa ka matiko ya capitalist, [[Tinkomponi|indasitiri na mabindzu]] swive na swiyimo swo hluvuka hi matimba. Matimu ya vanhu ma nghena eka xiteji lexintshwa xa nhluvuko .

== Ku sungula ka Nkutsulo wo Sungula wa Vumaki ==

Nkutsulo wa tiindasitiri wu sungule eNghilandhi hi vasunguri va maphayona lava hinkwavo a va ri Mabrithani. &lt;ref&gt;Horn, Jeff; Rosenband, Leonard; Smith, Merritt (2010). Reconceptualizing the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge MA, USA, London: MIT Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0262515627&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Swiyimo swa ku velekiwa ka Nkutsulo wa Tifeme eNghilandhi ===
Ntlawa wa Vutivi eYuropa wu humese nxaxamelo wa vativi va sayense lava dumeke vo tanihi Isaac Newton lava nga ni swilo leswikulu leswi tshuburiweke eka tinhlayo, fizikisi, tikhemikhali ni ntumbuluko, leswi endleke leswaku vativi va sayense va va ni masungulo ya nhluvuko eka thekinoloji yo endla swilo.

[[Ntumbuluko|Hi ntumbuluko]], [[England]] yina migodi yotala ya malahla na nsimbi naswona migodi leyi yi kumeka ekusuhi na yin’wana, leswi pfunaka swinene [[Economy|hi tlhelo ra ikhonomi]] ekusunguleni ka nhluvuko wa ti indasitiri. Hambileswi milambu ya le Nghilandhi yi nga lehi, ku khuluka ka yona ku ni matimba swinene, ku ringana ku fambisa michini leyi tirhisaka mati. Swikepe swa le Britain swi olova ku rhumela nhundzu emisaveni hinkwayo. Malunghana na switirhisiwa swoka swinga lulamisiwanga, UK yina nkateko wa voya bya tinyimpfu bya laha kaya xikan’we na cotton leyi humaka ematikweni mambe kusuka [[Amerikha|e US]], leswinga switirhisiwa swoka swinga tirhisiwanga eka bindzu ra swiambalo .

Eka swa ntshamiseko, ti aristocracy ta Britain hiku hatlisa ti nghenelerile eka [[mabindzu]] naswona ti hundzuke aristocracy leyintshwa, laha kungana swilaveko leswi namarhetiwe eka bourgeoisie xikan’we na langutelo ra bourgeois. Ku laveka ka voya ku endle leswaku ku va ni nhlangano wo hlongola van’wamapurasi emisaveni ya vona leswaku vanhu va xiyimo xa le henhla va ta hundzula misava yoleyo yi va madyelo ya tinyimpfu. Vuthu ra varimi leri sindzisiweke ku huma emisaveni ri nyikele hi vatirhi vo tala eka tindhawu to aka hi mavoko etindhawini ta le madorobeni .

Hi tlhelo ra ikhonomi, Britain a ri nga tirhisa swilo leswi humaka eka tikoloni ta rona letikulu tanihi xihlovo xa mali-nkulu ya ku kula ka tiindasitiri, hi ntolovelo [[Indiya|India]] . Mutivi wa ikhonomi la dumeke [[Utsa Patnaik]] u titshege hi rungula leri nga ni vuxokoxoko malunghana ni swibalo ni mabindzu ku ringana malembe-xidzana ya kwalomu ka mambirhi., yi hlayele leswaku vakoloni va le Britain va sifole kwalomu ka 45 000 wa tibiliyoni USD (hi minxavo ya 2017) ya India hi nkarhi wa 1765 kuya eka 1938, ayiri 17 times yikulu kutlula GDP ya England hi 2017. India ra vukoloni a ri fanele ri lunghiselela Britain leswaku ri hluvuka. Nkutsulo wa tiindasitiri eBritain a wu titshege ngopfu hi timali leti humaka eka ku tekeriwa swilo hi ndlela leyi hlelekeke eIndiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;vnreview.vn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://vnreview.vn/tin-tuc-xa-hoi-so/-/view_content/content/2702429/nuoc-anh-da-trom-45-nghin-ty-do-tu-an-do-nhu-the-nao |access-date=2024-08-29 |archive-date=2021-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127065926/https://vnreview.vn/tin-tuc-xa-hoi-so/-/view_content/content/2702429/nuoc-anh-da-trom-45-nghin-ty-do-tu-an-do-nhu-the-nao |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; .

=== Ku Fikeleleka ka Nkutsulo wa Tiindasitiri ===
Hi lembe ra 1733, [[John Kay]]  u tumbuluxe &quot;xihahampfhuka lexi hahaka&quot;.  Vumaki lebyi byi herise xilaveko xa leswaku valuka va tirha hi mavoko naswona byi engetele vuhumelerisi bya vatirhi kambirhi .

Hi 1764, James Hargreaves u endle xigolonyana xo rhendzeleka lexi a xi kota ku koka 16–18 wa swipikiri hi nkarhi wun’we, leswi engeteleke vuhumelerisi minkarhi ya tsevu. U thye xitirhisiwa lexi vito ra n’wana wakwe wa nhwanyana Jenny.

Hi 1769, Richard Arkwright u antswise ku rhungela ka ntambhu ku nga ri hi mavoko kambe hi matimba ya ku lwa, naswona endzhakunyana yi tlhele yi kokiwa hi matimba ya mati.

Hi 1779, Samuel Crompton u antswise muchini lowu hi [[Vunjhiniyera|thekinoloji]] ya le henhla, a kota ku rhungela tifibre letinene ni leti tiyeke, naswona lapi leri lukiweke a ri sasekile naswona a ri tiya.

Hi 1785, nchumu wa nkoka lowu tumbuluxiweke eka bindzu ra swiambalo a ku ri muchini wo luka malapi hi muprista [[Edmund Cartwright]] . Vumaki lebyi byi engetele vuhumelerisi bya ku luka kufika eka 40 wa minkarhi.

Swilo leswi tumbuluxiweke eka bindzu ra swiambalo na swona swi khumbe tiindasitiri tin’wana. Hi nkarhi wolowo, tifektri ta malapi a ti fanele ti vekiwa ekusuhi ni milambu leswaku ti tirhisa mati lama khulukaka, lawa a ma nga olovi hi tindlela to tala. Hi 1784, James Watt, mupfuni wa ku ringeta eYunivhesiti ya Glasgow ( Scotland ), u tumbuluxe njhini leyi tirhisaka mpfula .  Hikwalaho ka vutumbuluxi lebyi, tifektri ta malapi ti nga kumeka kun’wana ni kun’wana. A hi swona ntsena, vutumbuluxi lebyi byi nga tlhela byi tekiwa tanihi masungulo ya endlelo ro [[Cơ giới hóa|endla michini]] .

Indasitiri ya tinsimbi na yona yi endle nhluvuko lowukulu. Hi 1784, [[Henry Cort]] u tshubule ndlela yo &quot;puddling&quot; nsimbi. Hambileswi endlelo ra Henry Cort a ri humesa nsimbi ya khwalithi yo antswa, hambileswi a yi nga swi fikeleli swilaveko swa ku tiya swa michini . Hi 1885, Henry Bessemer u endle furniture yo pfurha leyi kotaka ku hundzula nsimbi leyi nga mati yi va nsimbi . Vumaki lebyi byi fikelele swilaveko swale henhla swa nhlayo na khwalithi ya nsimbi hi nkarhi walowo.

Nkutsulo lowu wu tlhele wu humelela eka bindzu [[Vutleketli|ra swo famba]] . Hi 1814, Stephenson u endle xitimela xo sungula lexi tirhisaka musi . Hi 1829, rivilo ra switimela a ri fikelele tikhilomitara ta 16 hi awara. Ku humelela loku ku pfuxe ku andza ka fambiselo ra swiporo [[Yuropa|eYuropa]] ni le Amerika .

Hi 1807, Robert Fulton u tumbuluxe xikepe lexi fambaka hi mati leswaku xi siva swikepe leswi nga ni swikepe kumbe maseyila. 

=== Vuyelo bya Nkutsulo wa Tifeme ===
Ku humelele tindhawu to tala ta tiindasitiri, vanhu vo tala va hlangana emadorobeni, leswi endleke leswaku ku va ni endlelo ra ku ya emadorobeni ya manguva lawa . Tindhawu to tala ta le madorobeni leti nga ni vaaki vo tlula 1 wa timiliyoni ta vumbiwa hakatsongo-tsongo.Ku hundzula vuhumelerisi lebyintsongo bya mavoko ku ya eka vuhumelerisi lebyikulu hi ku tirhisa michini, ku antswisa vuhumelerisi bya vatirhi, ku tumbuluxa [[Vunyingi-swilo|vholumo leyikulu ya]] swikumiwa eka [[Nhlangano wa vanhu|vaaki]] .

Vuproletariat na byona byi kula hi nhlayo. Leswi a va hanya hi ndlela yo biha hi nkarhi wolowo, a va fanele va tirha tiawara ta 14 ku ya eka 16 hi siku, a va tirhisiwa ngopfu, va hakeriwa muholo wa ndlala naswona swiyimo swo biha swa vutomi swi yise eka ku lwisana ka ntlawa wa vatirhi hi ku hatlisa.

Hi 1811–1812, ku pfuke nhlangano wo herisa michini [[England|eNghilandhi]] . A ku ri xikombiso xa ku lwela loku tiendlekelaka.

Switereka i xivumbeko lexi tolovelekeke xa ku lwela ka vatirhi. Switereka swo tala na swona swi pfurhile. Le Nghilandhi, 1836–1848 na kona ku pfuke [[Phong trào Hiến chương|vandla ra Chartist]] .

Lexi chavisaka swinene, [[Furhwa|eFurwa]] ni le [[Jarimani]], ku pfukela mfumo na kona.  Hi 1831–1834 [[eLyon]] ([[Furhwa|Furwa]])  na [[Silesia]] (Jarimani)  ku vile na ku pfukela mfumo. Ku lwisana loku ku kombisa leswaku vuproletariat byi hundzuka matimba [[Politiki|ya tipolitiki]] lama tiyimeleke, lama lavaka ku cinca ku suka eka ku lawuriwa ka va-bourgeoisie . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Eka tikoloni, vanhu va ndzhavuko na vona a va tirhisiwa ngopfu hi vini va vukhepitali ematikweni lamakulu ( [[England|Nghilandhi]], [[Furhwa|Furwa]] ). Eka matimu hinkwawo ya malembe ya 200 ya vulawuri bya Britain eIndiya, kahle-kahle a ku nga ri na ku andza ka muholo wa munhu un’we. Eka hafu ya vumbirhi ya lembe xidzana 19, muholo wa xikarhi wa Maindiya wu hungutekile hi hafu. Xiringaniso xa vutomi bya ma-India byi hungutekile hi 20% exikarhi ka 1870 na 1920. Makume ya timiliyoni ta vanhu va file hi ndlala hikwalaho ka tipholisi ta vukoloni bya Britain &lt;ref name=&quot;vnreview.vn&quot;/&gt; .

Ku engetela kwalaho, nhluvuko wa tiindasitiri wu tlhele wu vanga switandzhaku swo hlaya swo biha swo fana na: ku buluka ka vaaki, ku thyakisa mbango, va-bourgeoisie lava tirhisaka matimba ya vatirhi va proletariat, leswi vangeke ku lwisana exikarhi ka mintlawa leyimbirhi

=== Fananisa ===

==== - Vuhumelerisi bya tiindasitiri : ====
+ I ku endla xiendliwa xin’wana ni xin’wana ni nchumu wun’wana ni wun’wana lowu endliwaka hi michini. Kuva na vatirhi lava tirhisaka michini swi tisa vuhumelerisi byotala kutlula vuhumelerisi bya mavoko.

==== - Vuhumelerisi bya mavoko : ====
+ Xiendliwa xin’wana ni xin’wana ni nchumu wun’wana ni wun’wana swi endliwa hi mavoko. Tirhisa mavoko na switirhisiwa swo olova, swa masungulo eka ntirho na vuhumelerisi. Kuna vatirhi va mavoko lava tirhaka hi mavoko, leswinga humelerisiki ngopfu kutlula vuhumelerisi bya ti indasitiri.

=== Nkutsulo wo sungula wa 1 ===

Nkutsulo wosungula wa ti indasitiri wuve kona hiva 60s ya lembe xidzana XVIII yi tile yi tlhela yi hela hi malembe ya va 40s ya lembe xidzana XIX eYuropa na le Amerika N’walungu. A ku ri nkarhi lowu matiko yo tala ya vurimi, ya le makaya ma veke ni tiindasitiri ni le madorobeni. Tiindasitiri ta nsimbi na malapi, kun’we na nhluvukiso wa njhini ya mpfula, swi hoxe xandla swinene eka Nkutsulo wa Tiindasitiri.

=== Nkutsulo wa Vumbirhi wa 2 ===

Nkutsulo wa Vumbirhi wa Tifeme wu humelerile ku sukela hi 1870 ku ya eka 1914, emahlweninyana ka Nyimpi yo Sungula ya Misava.A ku ri nkarhi wa ku kula ka tiindasitiri leti a ti ri kona khale ni ku ndlandlamuxiwa ka tiindasitiri letintshwa, to tanihi nsimbi, oyili, gezi, ni ku tirhisa gezi leswaku ku endliwa swilo swo tala. Nhluvuko lowukulu wa xithekiniki eka nkarhi lowu wu katsa riqingho, bulb ya rivoni, rhekhodo ya gramafoni na njhini yo hisa endzeni,... &lt;ref name=&quot;Chú thích báo&quot;&gt;[http://ushistoryscene.com/article/second-industrial-revolution/ The Second Industrial Revolution, 1870-1914]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkutsulo wa Vunharhu wa 3 ===
Nkutsulo wa vunharhu wa tiindasitiri, lowu tekiwaka swa xinkarhana tanihi [[Digital Revolution|nhluvuko wa xidijitali]], wu kombetela eka nhluvuko wa thekinoloji ku suka eka switirhisiwa swa analog electromechanical ku ya eka thekinoloji ya namuntlha ya xidijitali. Ky original yisungule hi malembe yava 1980s naswona ya ha ya emahlweni. Nhluvuko eka Nkutsulo wa Vunharhu wa Tifeme wu katsa tikhompyuta ta munhu hi xiyexe, inthanete ni thekinoloji ya rungula ni vuhlanganisi (ICT).Nhluvuko eka Nkutsulo wa Vunharhu wa Tiindasitiri wu katsa tikhompyuta ta munhu hi xiyexe, [[Inthaneti|inthanete]], thekinoloji ya mahungu na tinetiweki ta swa matirhiselo ya vanhu .

=== Nkutsulo wa Vumune wa 4 ===
Nkutsulo wa Vumune wa Tiindasitiri wu aka eka Nkutsulo wa Dijitali, wu yimela tindlela letintshwa leti thekinoloji yi nghenaka ha tona eka vaaki hambi ku ri emirini wa munhu.  Nkutsulo wa Vumune wa Tiindasitiri wu funghiwe hi thekinoloji leyintshwa leyi pfulekeke eka tindhawu to hlaya, ku katsa na tirhoboto, vutlhari byo endliwa, nanotechnology, biotechnology, Inthanete ya Swilo, ku kandziyisa ka 3D na mimovha leyi tiyimeleke.

Eka buku ya yena leyi nga na nhlokomhaka leyi nge &quot;The Fourth Industrial Revolution&quot; hi Profesa Klaus Schwab, musunguri na Mutshamaxitulu wa Vulawuri bya Foramu ya Ikhonomi ya Misava, u hlamusele nhluvuko lowu wa vumune tanihi lowu hambaneke hi xisekelo na lowunharhu lowu hundzeke, ngopfungopfu lowu tivekaka hi nhluvuko wa thekinoloji. Tithekinoloji leti ti na vuswikoti byo ya emahlweni ti hlanganisa tibiliyoni vanhu eka webu, ku antswisa swinene vukorhokeri bya mabindzu na nhlangano, ku pfuneta ku pfuxeta mbango wa ntumbuluko hi ku tirhisa vulawuri byo antswa bya nhundzu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Chú thích báo&quot;/&gt;

&quot;Ku tiva Nkutsulo wa Vumune wa Tiindasitiri&quot; i nhlokomhaka ya Nhlangano wa Lembe na Lembe wa Foramu ya Ikhonomi ya Misava ya 2016 eDavos-Klosters, Switzerland.

== Ku humelela ka matsalwa na vutshila ==

=== Matsalwa ===
Matimu ya manguva lawa ma kombisiwe kahle hi tibuku ta le Yuropa, ngopfu-ngopfu tibuku ta Xifurwa .

Endzhaku ka ku hluriwa ka Napoleon Bonaparte ni ku vuyeteriwa ka mimfumo ya vuhosi swa xinkarhana, ku humelele nxaxamelo wa tibuku ta rirhandzu eFurwa leti kombisaka ku navela nguva ya nsuku leyi hundzeke ya vanhu va xiyimo xa le henhla . Muyimeri wa mukhuva lowu i François-René de Chateaubriand .

Victor Hugo i [[mutsari]] loyi a yimelaka nhlangano wa rirhandzu lowu yaka emahlweni. U kombise ntwela-vusiwana eka swisiwana hi tibuku ta yena ''Les Miserables'' na ''Notre Dame de Paris'' . Hi mintirho ya yena, Hugo u kombisile ku navela ka yena ku fikelela rixaka lerinene, leri lulameke na ku pfuna vanhu.

Vanhu va vukhepitali lava nga ni tihanyi, lava nga ni tihanyi na vona va kombisiwile hi matsalwa ya xiviri, hi ntolovelo Honoré de Balzac . Mintirho ya yena leyi tolovelekeke yo fana na ''Eugénie Grandet'', ''Donkey Skin ,'' ... ni mintirho yin’wana yo tala. Mintirho ya Balzac yi hlengeletiwile eka nxaxamelo wa ''Mintlangu ya Vutomi'' . Mintirho yo fana na Stendhal 's ''Red and Black'' na Guy de Maupassant 's ''Fat Ball'' yi tlhela yi kombisa rixaka ra vukhepitali leri taleke hi ku pfumaleka ka vululami na tihanyi.

Tibuku ta le Rhaxiya ta lembe xidzana ra vu-19 na tona ti hoxe xandla swinene hi tibuku to tanihi ''Nyimpi ni ku Rhula'' ya Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy . Vatsari van'wana lava dumeke va matsalwa ya lembe xidzana ra vu-19 ya le Rhaxiya va katsa Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, [[Bielixki]] ...

=== Vutshila ===
[[Vunanga|Vuyimbeleri bya]] le ku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana ra manguva lawa 18 hi minyikelo ya vayimbeleri lavakulu vo fana na Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, lembe xidzana 19 yi na tinyiko letikulu ku suka eka Ludwig van Beethoven, Frédéric Chopin ...

Ku penda hi ku landzelela mukhuva wa rirhandzu hakanyingi ku lavisisa tindhawu leti nga tolovelekangiki. Mutshila la dumeke Eugène Delacroix hakanyingi a a penda tinhenha ta Maarabu ni ku hlota. Eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu-19, mutshila wa [[Spaniya|le Spain]] Francisco Goya u pendile swifaniso swa tihanyi hi nkarhi wa nyimpi yo lwisana na Napoleon.

Swifaniso leswi vatliweke swa lembe-xidzana leri 19 a yi siyanga tibuku to tala ku fana ni ta ku pfuxetiwa ka vukhongeri . Muvatli Frédéric Bartholdi u hete Xifaniso xa Ntshunxeko leswaku Mfumo wa Furwa wu wu nyika United States nyiko. Xifaniso lexi lexitsongo, lexi leheke ku tlula xa xiviri hilaha ku phindhiweke ka 1,5 na xona xi kumeka eHanoi ephakeni [[Vườn hoa Bà Đầm|leyi vuriwaka Ba Dam Flower Garden]], Khombo ra kona, vuhundzuluxeri lebyi a bya ha kumeki namuntlha. Hi nga vona ntsena swikombiso swa mali ya khale ya Indochina ya 50 wa tisente.

Arc de Triomphe eParis ni tindlu to tala ta le Paris na tona ti hlayisa swifaniso swin’wana swa nkoka leswi vatliweke swa lembe-xidzana rero.19 .

Vumaki bya le Yuropa - bya le Amerika bya lembe xidzana leri19 yi hambanile swinene, yi kombisa ku cincana ka ndhavuko loku pfulekeke. Xivumbeko lexintshwa xa vumaki hi nkarhi lowu i langutelo ra xiviri leri nghenaka eka vumaki hi ku tirhisa switirhisiwa leswintshwa swo fana na nsimbi, khonkhriti, na nghilazi yo tiya . Mutivi wa swa masungulo [[Louis Sulivan]] u nghenise mianakanyo leyi tirhaka eka mintirho ya vumaki. Hi ku ya hi yena, mintirho ya vumaki yi fanele ku endliwa hi ku landza mintirho ya yona. Hi xikombiso, bangi ya manguva lawa a yi nge fani ni tempele ya vukhongeri, kumbe ndhawu ya mavhengele a yi nge fani ni xigodlho xa le malembeni ya le xikarhi. Ngopfu ngopfu, vumaki bya vulawuri bya nkarhi lowu byi kombisa xitayili lexi nga erivaleni, hi ntolovelo [[Tòa nhà Quốc hội Mỹ|muako wa US Congress]] (1793-1851) na [[Tòa nhà Quốc hội Anh|muako wa Palamende ya Britain]] (1840-1865).

[[Thế kỷ 19|Khume ra malembe 19]] 19Vanhu va suke eka nhluvuko wa vurimi va ya eka nhluvuko wa tiindasitiri. Nhluvuko wa tiindasitiri wu tumbuluxe mavonelo lamantshwa, leswi endleke leswaku ku va ni ku cinca lokukulu [[Politiki|ka tipolitiki]], [[Ndzhavuko|ndhavuko]] ni [[Nhlangano wa vanhu|ntshamisano]] . Vumunhu byi nghena eka xiyenge lexintshwa xa nhluvuko wa vanhu.</text>
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    <title>Angie Motshekga</title>
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'''Matsie Angelina &quot;Angie&quot; Motshekga''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 19 Khotavuxika 1955) i n'watipolitiki na mudyondzisi [[Afrika-Dzonga|wa Afrika Dzonga]] loyi sweswi a tirhaka tani hi Holobye wa Vusirheleri na Vatirhi va khale va masocha ku sukela hi ti 3 Mawuwani 2024. Sweswi u tirha tanihi mutshama-xitulu wa phuresidente wa Riphabliki ra Afrika-Dzonga ku sukela hi ti 17 Ndzati 2024, tanihi leswi Phuresidente Cyril Ramaphosa a va kona Samiti ya Ntolovelo ya vu 44 ya Tinhloko ta Matiko na Mfumo wa Nhlangano wa Nhluvukiso wa Dzonga wa Afrika eHarare, [[Zimbabwe]] .  Motshekga u tlhele a tirha tanihi Holobye wa Dyondzo ya Masungulo ku sukela hi Mudyaxihi 2009 ku ya fikela hi 2024.Khale a ri Xirho xa Huvonkulu eka mfumo wa xifundzankulu xa Gauteng . Motshekga i xirho xa African National Congress . I khale ka muphuresidente wa ligi ya vavasati ya vandla leri.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pa.org.za/person/matsie-angelina-motshekga/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sfiso Ncwane</title>
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'''Sfiso Ncwane ('''Dzivzmisoko 21, 1979 – N'wendzamhala 5, 2016  ) ari xiyimbeleri na muqambhi wa Afrika Dzonga.

Hi lembe ra 1997, Ncwane u joyine ntlawa wa vuyimbeleri lowu a wu ri eka Mlazi lowu awu vitaniwa '''Nkandziyiso Lowuntshwa''', a joyina muyimbeleri loyi a rhangelaka Ntombifuthi Mntambo na muchayeri wa xigubu Skhumbuzo Gumede.  Ncwane u tlhela a joyina ntlawa lowu vitaniwaka [['One Touch]]', muyimbeleri loyi a rhangelaka Mr Joe Gcabashe na vatlangi va Keyboard: Sikhona Gumede na Senzo Sabela.

Ncwane u sayinile ntwanano wo rhekhoda na Bula Music kutani a humesa alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya studio ''Makadunyiswe'' hi lembe ra 2001


'''Swikombo'''

https://www.bona.co.za/entertainment/sfiso-ncwanes-mom-denied-her-sons-unveiling/</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Apollo</title>
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      <text bytes="1268" sha1="5069c9bpjwq0a2atysso2hdrb6y60bx" xml:space="preserve">'''Apollo''' ( Xigriki : Απόλλων ''Apóllon'' ) i xikwembu [[Rivoningo|xa ku vonakala]], ntiyiso na [[Vuqambhi|vutshila]] eka ntsheketo wa Magriki, lexi hakanyingi xi yimeriwaka tanihi wanuna wa misisi yo tshwuka loyi a ambaleke vurha bya silivhere naswona a rhwale xichayachayana xa lyre . I n'wana [[Con ngoại hôn|la nga riki enawini]] wa Zewusi ni xikwembu xa xisati Leto . Makwavo wa xisati wa mawele ya Apollo i Artemis, xikwembu xa xisati xa ku hlota. Eka tibuku ta Homer, Apollo hakanyingi u vitaniwa xikwembu lexi duvulaka tikhilomitara to tala ekule. Eminkarhini ya le ndzhaku Apollo a a tala ku tiviwa tanihi xikwembu xa Dyambu lexi vuriwaka Helios &lt;ref&gt;In Hellenistic times, Apollo became conflated with [[Helios]], [[Solar deity|god of the sun]], and his sister similarly equated with [[Selene]], [[Lunar deity|goddess of the moon]]. However, Apollo and Helios remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts. For the iconography of the Alexander-Helios type, see H. Hoffmann, 1963. &quot;Helios,&quot; in ''Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt'' '''2''' 117-23;cf. Yalouris, no. 42.&lt;/ref&gt; .
[[Tập_tin:Lycian_Apollo_Louvre_left.jpg|thumb|Apollo, xifaniso lexi vatliweke xa Rhoma lexi kopiweke ku suka eGreece, muziyamu ya Louvre]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ares (ku kongomisa)</title>
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      <text bytes="111" sha1="dg6kwryj1ohkraenge37rq33pgpi6ad" xml:space="preserve">'''Ares''' a nga ha vula:{{#if:|hoặc '''{{{2}}}'''}}

* [[Ares]]
* [[Barbasphecia ares]]
* [[Hellinsia ares]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zebra</title>
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      <text bytes="7524" sha1="n4v98gjwphk2rlyvto53dfbiob4jgd6" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Cape Mountain Zebra - Equus zebra zebra.webm|thumb|Zebra]] 
'''Ti- zebras''' ( .{{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|z|iː|b|r|ə|z}}, {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|z|ɛ|b|r|ə|z|,_|ˈ|z|iː|-}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite LPD|3}}&lt;/ref&gt; (subgenus '''''Hippotigris''''') are African [[equines]] with distinctive black-and-white striped [[Animal coat|coats]]. There are three [[Extant taxon|living]] species: [[Grévy's zebra]] (''Equus grevyi''), the [[plains zebra]] (''E. quagga''), and the [[mountain zebra]] (''E. zebra''). Zebras share the genus ''[[Equus (genus)|Equus]]'' with [[Wild horse|horses]] and [[Asinus|asses]], the three groups being the only living members of the family [[Equidae]]. Zebra stripes come in different patterns, unique to each individual. Several theories have been proposed for the function of these patterns, with most evidence supporting them as a deterrent for biting flies. Zebras inhabit [[East Africa|eastern]] and [[southern Africa]] and can be found in a variety of habitats such as [[savannahs]], [[grasslands]], woodlands, [[Shrubland|shrublands]], and mountainous areas.

Ti zebras ngopfu ngopfu i vadyeri naswona tinga hanya hi swimilani swa xiyimo xale hansi. Ti dlayiwa ngopfu hi tinghala, naswona hi ntolovelo ti baleka loko ti xungetiwa kambe ti tlhela ti luma ni ku raha. Tinxaka ta ti zebra ti hambana hi mahanyelo ya ntshamisano, laha ti zebra ta le mativa na ta le tintshaveni ti tshamaka eka ti harems leti tiyeke leti vumbiwaka hi ya xinuna leyikulu kumbe stallion, ta xisati to hlayanyana letikulu kumbe ti mares, na vana va tona kumbe swimbutana swa tona ; kasi ti- zebra ta Grévy ti tshama ti ri toxe kumbe eka mintlhambi leyi nga tolovelekangiki. Eka tinxaka leti khomaka ti harem, ta xisati letikulu ti hlangana ntsena na ti harem stallion ta tona, kasi ti zebra ta xinuna ta Grévy ti simeka tindzhawu leti kokaka ta xisati naswona muxaka lowu wuva na vudlakuta . Ti zebras ti vulavurisana hi marito yohambana hambana, ku yima ka miri na swivumbeko swa xikandza. Ku lunghisa ka ntshamisano ku tiyisa vuxaka bya ntshamisano eka mativa na ti zebra ta le tintshaveni.

Milayeni leyi hlamarisaka ya ti- zebra yi ti endla ti va exikarhi ka swihadyana leswi mamisaka leswi tivekaka swinene. Va kombisiwile eka vutshila na switori eAfrika na le handle. Hi matimu, ti laviwe swinene hi vahlengeleti va swiharhi lava nga tolovelekangiki, kambe ku hambana ni tihanci ni timbhongolo, timfenhe a ti si tshama ti fuyiwa hi ku helela . Nhlangano wa Matiko Hinkwawo wo Hlayisa Ntumbuluko (IUCN) wu xaxameta ti- zebra ta Grévy tanihi leti nga ekhombyeni, ti- zebra ta le tintshaveni tanihi leti nga sirhelelekangiki naswona ti- zebra ta le mativa ti nga le kusuhi ni ku va ekhombyeni . Quagga ( ''E. quagga quagga'' ), muxaka wa zebra ya le mativa, yi susumeteriwe ku nyamalala hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-19. Hambi swi ri tano, timfenhe ti nga kumeka etindhawini to tala leti sirhelelekeke.

== Ntivo-vutomi bya rito ==

Vito ra Xinghezi &quot;zebra&quot; ri huma eka Xintariyana, [[Xipaniya]] kumbe [[Xiputukezi]] .   Masungulo ya yona yangava eka Xilatini ''equiferus'', leswivulaka &quot;hanci ya nhova&quot;. ''Equiferus'' yi vonaka yi nghene eka Xiputukezi tanihi ''ezebro'' kumbe ''zebro'', leyi eku sunguleni a yi tirhisiwa eka hanci ya ntsheketo emakhwatini ya Nhlonhle ya Iberia hi Malembe ya le Xikarhi. Hi 1591, muvalangi wa Italy Filippo Pigafetta u tsale &quot;zebra&quot; leyi ayi tirhisiwa ku kombetela eka swiharhi swa Afrika hi vayeni va ma Portugal eka tiko nkulu. &lt;ref name=&quot;zebro&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=21–32}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eminkarhini ya khale, zebra ayi vitaniwa ''hippotigris'' (&quot;horse tiger&quot;) hi [[Magriki]] na [[Varhoma]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;zebro&quot; /&gt; {{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|p=54}}

Hi ntolovelo rito ''zebra'' a ri vitaniwa hi xitwari xo leha xo sungula, kambe hi ku famba ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-20 ku vitaniwa hi xitwari xo koma xo sungula ku ve mukhuva eka Xinghezi xa le Britain . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=42–48}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mavitanelo lama nga ni xitwari xo leha xo sungula ma tshama ma ri lama tolovelekeke eka [[Xinghezi xa le Amerika]] .

== Mbango ==

[[File:Equus_zebra_hartmannae_fur_skin.jpg|alt=Mountain zebra hide|left|thumb| Xikhumba xa ti- zebra ta le tintshaveni]]
Kusukela hi 2016–2019, Nxaxamelo wo Tshwuka wa IUCN wa swihadyani leswi mamisaka wu xaxameta ti Grévy’s zebra tani hi leti nga ekhombyeni, ti mountain zebra tani hi leti nga sirhelelekangiki na ti plains zebra tani hi leti nga kusuhi na ku va ekhombyeni . Nhlayo ya ti zebra ta le Grévy yi ringanyetiwa ku va ehansi ka 2 000 wa tinyenyana leti vupfeke, kambe ti tshamisekile. Ti- zebra ta le tintshaveni ti ni vanhu va kwalomu ka 35 000 naswona nhlayo ya tona yi vonaka yi andza. Ti plains zebra ti ringanyetiwa kuva tiri na nhlayo ya 150,000–250,000 laha kungana nhlayo ya vaaki leyi hungutaka. Ku nghenelela ka vanhu ku hambanise tindhawu ta ti- zebra ni nhlayo ya tona. Ti- zebra ti xungetiwa hi ku hlota madzovo ni nyama ya tona, ni ku onhiwa ka tindhawu leti ti tshamaka eka tona . Titlhela ti phikizana na swifuwo naswona tindlela ta tona to famba ti siveriwa hi tifense.    Tinyimpi ta xin’wana-manana ematikweni man’wana na tona ti vange ku hunguteka ka nhlayo ya timfenhe.  Eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-20, madzovo ya ti- zebra a ma tirhisiwa ku endla swiambalo ni switulu. Eka lembe xidzana ra vu-21, ti- zebra ti nga ha tekiwa hi vahloti va swidlodlo tanihi leswi swiambalo swa dzovo swa ti- zebra swi xavisiwaka hi R1 000 ku ya eka R2 000. Ku hlota ti trophy aswinga talanga eka vanhu va Afrika hambi leswi ma San ava tiveka hiku hlota ti zebra kuva va kuma nyama. {{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|pp=41, 132–133}}
[[File:Samburu_Grevy's_zebra.jpg|alt=A herd of Grévy's zebras in Samburu National Reserve|right|thumb| Ti- zebra ta Grévy leti nga ekhombyeni eSamburu National Reserve]]
Nhlayo ya ti quagga ( ''E. quagga quagga'' ) ayi hlotiwa hi vahlapfa vosungula va ma-Dutch naswona endzhaku hi ma-Afrikaners kuva va nyika nyama kumbe kuva va hlotiwa madzovo ya vona. Madzovo lawa aya xavisiwa kutani ya tirhisiwa laha tikweni. Quagga kumbexana ayiri ekhombyeni ro nyamalala hikokwalaho ka ndzhawu leyi ayi siveriwa, naswona hikuva aswi olova kuva yikumeka eka mintlawa leyikulu. Quagga yo hetelela leyi tivekaka ya nhova yi file hi 1878.  Quagga yo hetelela leyi khomiweke, ya xisati eAmsterdam’s Natura Artis Magistra zoo, yi tshame kona ku sukela hi 9&amp;nbsp;May 1867 ku fikela loko yi fa hi ti 12&amp;nbsp;Nhlangula 1883. &lt;ref name=&quot;ungulates&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=197–200}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cape mountain zebra, muxaka lowuntsongo wa ti mountain zebra, yile kusuhi no nyamalala hikokwalaho ka ku hlotiwa naku onhiwa ka ndzhawu ya vutshamo, laha kunga sala ehansi ka 50 wa vanhu hiva 1950s. Ku sirheleriwa kusuka eka ti National Parks ta Afrika Dzonga swipfumelele nhlayo ya vaaki ku tlakuka kuya eka 2,600 hi malembe yava 2010s. 

Ti zebras tinga kumeka eka tindzhawu totala leti sirhelelekeke. Tindzhawu ta nkoka eka ti zebra ta Grévy ti katsa Yabelo Wildlife Sanctuary na Chelbi Sanctuary e [[Topiya|Ethiopia]] na Buffalo Springs, Samburu na Shaba National Reserves e [[Khenya|Kenya]] .  Ti- zebra ta le mativa ti tshama eNtangeni wa Swiharhi wa Serengeti eTanzania, eTsavo na Masai Mara eKenya, Ntanga wa Swiharhi wa Hwange eZimbabwe, Ntanga wa Swiharhi wa Etosha [[Namibia|eNamibia]], na Ntanga wa Swiharhi wa Kruger [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika Dzonga]] .  Ti zebra ta le tintshaveni ti sirheleriwa e Mountain Zebra National Park, Karoo National Park na Goegap Nature Reserve e Afrika Dzonga xikan’we na Etosha na Namib-Naukluft Park e Namibia.</text>
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    <title>Muyimbeleri wa vuyimbeleri</title>
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      <text bytes="1544" sha1="j87wh0mtl820scyekjajxop9fqhvupx" xml:space="preserve">'''Muyimbeleri''' ( Sino-Nom : 藝士音樂; {{lang-en|musical artist}}  ''&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;muyimbeleri wa vuyimbeleri&lt;/span&gt;'', ku pfuxetiwile: ''muyimbeleri'' ) kumbe '''mutshila wa vuyimbeleri''' i munhu loyi [[Nqambi ya Vunanga|a qambha]], [[:en:Conducting|a fambisaka]] na ku tlanga vuyimbeleri (ku nga katsiwi thiyori ).  Xihloko lexi xi ta xopaxopa rito ra Xinghezi ''musician'' tanihilaha ri twisisiwaka hakona hi Maamerika naswona hi ku ya hi [[United States Employment Service|US Employment Service]], leri i [[:en:Terminology|rito]] ro angarhela leri kombetelaka eka vanhu lava landzelelaka vuyimbeleri tanihi ntirho .  Vayimbeleri va vuyimbeleri va katsa vaqambhi lava nga ni vutshila byo tumbuluxa ni ku tsala marito ya tinsimu, vafambisi lava nga ni vutshila byo fambisa vuyimbeleri, kumbe [[:ja:芸人|vayimbeleri lava tlangaka]] (minkarhi yin’wana va vitaniwa ''van cong'' eVietnam) lava tivekaka ngopfu hi ku tlanga emahlweni ka vayingiseri. Hi ntolovelo muyimbeleri wa vuyimbeleri a nga va xiyimbeleri lexi nga ni vutshila byo humesa rito ra xona kumbe muyimbeleri loyi a nga ni vutshila byo tlanga swichayachayana swa vuyimbeleri . Vayimbeleri va vuyimbeleri va nga ha tlanga va ri voxe kumbe tanihi xiphemu xa ntlawa/bendhe kumbe okhestra . Va tiveka ngopfu eka switayele swa vuyimbeleri naswona vatshila van’wana va kombisa switayele swo hambana ku ya hi mongo kumbe ndhavuko. Mutshila loyi a nga ni vutshila byo rhekhoda ni [[:en:Art release|ku humesa vuyimbeleri]] u tlhela a tiviwa tanihi '''mutshila wo rhekhoda''' .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tyla</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Tyla_for_Vogue_2024_01.jpg|Tyla_for_Vogue_2024_01.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons:Village_pump&amp;oldid=1009222107#March_2025_update_from_WMF</comment>
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      <text bytes="1574" sha1="j7uitagxle7gnb8pdv69izsillmvx5p" xml:space="preserve">'''Tyla Laura Seethal''' (u velekiwile hi lembe ra 2002 hi ti 30 ta Sunguti), '''Tyla''' i xiyimbeleri na mutsari wa tinsimu wa '''[[Afrika Dzonga]]'''. U velekiwile no kurisiwa [[Joni|eJoni]], u sayinile na &quot;Epic Records&quot; hi lembe ra 2021 endzhaku ka ku humelela ka laha kaya ka risimu ra yena ro sungula ra 2019, &quot; Getting Late &quot;.

Tyla u kumile ku xiximiwa emisaveni hinkwayo endzhaku ko humesa risimu ra yena ra 2023 leri nge &quot; Water &quot;, leri ngheneke eka &quot;top ten&quot; ematikweni yo tala ku katsa na tiko ra rikwavo ra Afrika-Dzonga, United Kingdom na United States. &quot;Water&quot; a ku ri risimu ro sungula hi muyimbeleri wa Afrika-Dzonga  ku nghena eka US &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwHw&quot;&gt;Billboard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Hot 100 eka malembe ya 55 naswona ri nyikiwile sagwadi ro sungula ra Grammy Award ra Best African Music Performance hi 2024 . Singili leyi yi rhangele alibamu ya yena yo sungula leyi a yi thyeke vito ra yena (2024), leyi humesiweke ku bumabumeriwa hi vaxopaxopi na ku humelela loku ringaneleke eka swa mabindzu, yi nghena eka &quot;top 25&quot;eka matiko yo tala ku katsa na United States.

Tyla u vile muyimbeleri lontsongo swinene wa Afrika ku wina Sagwadi ra Grammy, naswona u tlhele a kuma minhlawulo eka Sagwadi ra BRIT, sagwadi ra vuyimbeleri bya Soul Train, sagwadi ra MOBO, na masagwadi mambirhi ya vuyimbeleri bya Afrika-Dzonga . Tyla u hlurile masagwadi yo tala eka masagwadi ya BET ya 2024, laha a bohane na Usher na Victoria Monét . U thyiwe vito ra &quot; '''Queen of Popiano &quot;''', ku hlanganisiwa ka tinxaka ta &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;pop&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; na amapiano .
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cyril Ramaphosa</title>
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      <text bytes="2674" sha1="akgrrv17wyqtbrw2b7zilf7k8iygti9" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}
== Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa ==
'''Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa''' (u velekiweke hi ti {{#statements:P569}}) i n'wamabindzu na n'watipolitiki wa AfrikaDzonga loyi a tirhaka tani hi mungameri wa [[AfrikaDzonga]] wa vu 5 kusukela hi 2018. Khale ka mulwela -xihlawuhlawu na murhangeri wa nhlangano wa vatirhi, Ramaphosa u tlhela a va mungameri (murhangeri) wa African National Congress (ANC).&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/node/197&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
Ramaphosa u tlakukile kuya eka ndhuma ya tiko tani hi matsalani-jenerala wa nhlangano lowukulu na matimba swinene wa AfrikaDzonga, Nhlangano wa Rixaka wa Vatirhi va le Migodini .  Hi lembe ra 1991, u hlawuriwile ku va matsalaninkulu wa ANC ehansi ka mungameri wa ANC [[Nelson Mandela]] naswona u vile muhlanganisi lonkulu wa ANC hi nkarhi wa minkanerisano leyi heriseke xihlawuhlawu .   U hlawuriwile ku va mutshamaxitulu wa Nhlengeletano ya Vumbiwa endzhaku ka nhlawulo wo sungula wa tiko lowu nga na xidemokirasi hi ku hetiseka hi 1994 naswona vahlaleri van’wana a va tshemba leswaku hi yena mutlhandlami loyi a n’wi tsakelaka hi Mandela.  Kambe Ramaphosa u tshike ntirho eka tipolotiki hi 1996 kutani a tiveka swinene tani hi n’wamabindzu, ku katsa na n’wini wa McDonald’s South Africa&lt;ref&gt;https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/meta-programme-fact-checks/yes-south-african-president-ramaphosa-used-own-mcdonalds&lt;/ref&gt;, mutshama xitulu wa huvo ya MTN, xirho xa huvo ya Lonmin, na musunguri wa Shanduka Group.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20767093&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ta ku vuyela ka Ramaphosa eka swa tipolitiki ==
Ramaphosa u vuyile eka tipolotiki hi N'wendzamhala 2012 eka ANC’s 53rd National Conference naswona u tirhile tani hi xandla xa president wa AfrikaDzonga ehansi ka Mungameri Jacob Zuma kusukela hi 2014 kuya fika hi 2018. Nakambe a a ri mutshamaxitulu wa Khomixini ya Rixaka ya Vupulani . Eka Nhlengeletano ya Rixaka ya vu 54 ya ANC hi ti 18 N'wendzamhala 2017, u hlawuriwile ku va Mungameri wa vandla ra ANC. Endzhaku ka tinhweti timbirhi, siku endzhaku ka loko Zuma a tshikile ntirho hi ti 14 Hukuri 2018, Huvo ya Rixaka (NA) yi hlawurile Ramaphosa tani hi Mungameri wa AfrikaDzonga. U sungurile nkarhi wa yena wo sungula lowu heleleke tani hi president hi Mudyaxihi 2019 endzhaku ka ku hlula ka ANC eka nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa 2019 . Loko a ha ri mungameri, Ramaphosa u tirhile tanihi mutshamaxitulu wa [[Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika|Nhlangano wa Afrika]] ku sukela hi 2020 ku fikela hi 2021  naswona u rhangele ku hlamula ka AfrikaDzonga eka ntungu wa COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;https://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-ramaphosa-the-ancs-prodigal-son-returns/&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dorobankulu ra Tshwane Dorobankulu ra Masipala</title>
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      <text bytes="3224" sha1="pij6hctgbijz0kxgz6n14lf2bikmklx" xml:space="preserve">'''Masipalankulu wa Doroba ra Tshwane''' ( Tswana  &lt;/link&gt; ; Afrikaans  &lt;/link&gt; ; Northern Sotho  &lt;/link&gt; ), leri tivekaka tani hi '''Doroba ra Tshwane''' ( /t s w ɑː n ɪ / ), i masipala lowu tivekaka tani hi doroba leri vumbaka mfumo wa miganga wa n'walungu [[Gauteng|wa Gauteng]] e[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] . Ndhawu ya doroba-nkulu yi le xikarhi ka doroba ra [[Pitori|Pretoria]] laha madoroba lama rhendzeleke na miganga leyi katsekaka eka ndhawu ya mfumo wa miganga.

== Matimu ==
'''[[Masipalankulu wa Doroba ra Tshwane]]''' wu simekiwile hi ti 5 Dzivamisoko 2000,  wu vumbiwa hi 13 wa khale ka tikhanselara ta dorobankulu na doroba naswona wu lawuriwa ehansi ka sisiteme ya.

== Ntivomisava ==
Ndzhawu ya misava ya Masipalankulu wa Doroba ra Tshwane yi tlakuke kusuka eka {{Convert|2198|km2|mi2}}  hi 2010 ku ya eka {{Convert|6368|km2|mi2}} endzhaku ka ku nghenisiwa Metsweding,  kaleswi endlaka leswaku yi va Masipalankulu lowunkulu wa Doroba eAfrika-Dzonga. 

Xihlovo xa Tswaing xi le n'walunguvupela-dyambu bya Soshanguve .

=== [[Tindhawu leti vumbeke]] ===
Masipalankulu wa Doroba ra Tshwane wu vumbiwa hi tindhawu leti landzelaka: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%; text-align: right&quot;
!Ntlawa wa rixaka
! Ntalo wa vanhu
! % .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Khaladi
| 58 788
| 2.01% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Muntima wa Muafrika
| 2 202 847. Xihlamusela-marito
| 75.40% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Vobasa
| 586 495. Xihlamusela-marito
| 20.08% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Muindiya/Mu-Asia
| 53 744
| 1.84% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Van'wana
| 19 614
| 0.67% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Hinkwaswo
| 2 921 488. Xihlamusela-marito
| 100.00% .
|}
Huvo ya masipala yi vumbiwa hi swirho swa 214 leswi hlawuriweke hi vuyimeri bya xiringaniso bya swirho leswi pfanganisiweke . 107 va hlawuriwa hi ku vhota ko sungula ku hundza eka tiwadi ta 107, kasi lava saleke va 107 va hlawuriwa eka minxaxamelo ya vandla leswaku nhlayo hinkwayo ya vayimeri va vandla yi ringana na nhlayo ya tivhoti leti amukeriweke. Eka nhlawulo wa ti 1 Nyenyankulu 2021, a ku na vandla leri nga hlula switulu swo tala eka huvo.

Tafula leri landzelaka ri kombisa mbuyelo wa nhlawulo wa 2021.   

== Vukorhokeri ==

=== Mati na nkululo ===
Kusukela hi 2016, Dorobankulu ra Tshwane ri kuma 72% wa mati ya rona yotala kusuka eka Rand Water, leyi tirhisaka Integrated Vaal River System. Mati lawa yanga sala ya 28% ya Tshwane ya huma eka tindzhawu ta yona to basisa na ti boreholes. Swipimelo swa mati swi tirhisiwa hi nkarhi wa dyandza, magandlati yo hisa kumbe ku cinca kun’wana ka tinguva.

=== Xifambo ===

==== Xiporo ====
Xitichi lexikulu xa xitimela xi le [[Pitori|Pretoria]] .

Gautrain yi famba hi swiphemu swa masipala, na switichi eCenturion na Pretoria, yi helela eka xitichi lexi nga exifundzheninkulu xa Hatfield.

==== Rivala ra swihahampfhuka ====
OR Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Matiko ya Misava ra Tambo eka Masipala wa Dorobankulu ra Ekurhuleni leri nga ekusuhi ri tirhela Tshwane. Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Wonderboom en'walungwini wa Tshwane ri tirhela swihahampfhuka swo vevuka.

=== Dyondzo ===
[[File:University_of_South_Africa_taken_with_cellphone_camera.jpg|thumb| Xiphemu xa le mahlweni xa Muako wa Theo van Wyk eKhamphasini-nkulu ya UNISA]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Teko Modise</title>
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'''Teko Tsholofelo Modise''' (U velekiweke hi  ti 22 Dzivamisoko  hi lembe ra1982), loyi a thyiweke vito ra xirhangiso ra '''The General''' na '''Techno M''', i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wa Afrika-Dzonga loyi a nga le ku wiseni, khale ka mukaputeni wa Bafana Bafana loyi a tlangeke tani hi mutlangi wa le xikarhi naswona sweswi i xirho xa vatirhi eka Cape Town City Football Club .https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/teko-modise.html&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.transfermarkt.co.za/teko-modise/leistungsdaten/spieler/63081 |access-date=2024-08-31 |archive-date=2024-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831072757/https://www.transfermarkt.co.za/teko-modise/leistungsdaten/spieler/63081 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku tekiwa tani hi un’wana wa vatlangi lavakulu va PSL va nguva ya manguva lawa namuntlha, ntirho waTeko Modise wu sungurile eka tiligi ta le hansi ta bolo ya milenge ya '''[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]]''' na Ria Stars na City Pillars . Hi nkarhi wa yena na loyi wo hetelela, u hlurile eka sagwadi ra Mvela Golden League eka mutlangi wa nguva, leswi nga endla leswaku a ya eka xipano xa le henhla xa SuperSport United hi lembe ra 2006.  Eka nguva leyi landzelaka u joyinile vaphikizani va laha kaya [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] laha anga heta malembe ya tsevu na vona, a wina masagwadi mambirhi ya PSL Footballer of the Year, kukatsa na sagwadi ro sungula, na swidlodlo swimbirhi swa xipano. Loko ari ekaOrlando Pirates, u kumile vito ra xirhangiso ra '''''&quot;the General&quot;''''' hikokwalaho ka vuswikoti bya yena byo kongomisa ntlangu naswona hiku hatlisa u hundzuke munhu wa nkarhi hinkwawo endzeni ka ku lungheka ka xipano xa rixaka.https://www.transfermarkt.co.za/teko-modise/leistungsdaten/spieler/63081

Endzhaku ka ku wa na vufambisi bya xipano hi lembe ra 2011, u hundziseriwe eka Mamelodi Sundowns laha a nga heta malembe yan’wana ya tsevu naswona anga hlula swidlodlo swa xipano leswinga ehansi ka ntlhanu. U tlhele a va khaputheni ya xipano eka nguva ya lembe ra  2012 ku fika lembe ra 2013  . Hi lembe ra 2017, u hlawurile ku ka a nga pfuxeti kontiraka ya yena na xipano, ematshan’wini ya sweswo u hlawurile ku sayina Cape Town City laha a nga tshama kona ku fikela loko a huma penceni hi lembe ra 2019.
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masipalankulu wa Doroba ra Tshwane</title>
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      <text bytes="4618" sha1="cckuzfwnp7n75p19610ta1km7bkez9f" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tshwane.jpg|right|thumb| Xikombiso xa Tshwane, lexi nga na logo ya khale leyi kombisaka Miako ya Union [[Pitori|ePitori]], leyi nga na xiga lexi nge &quot;Ha fana&quot; (xifaniso xa 2005).]]

'''Masipalankulu wa Doroba ra Tshwane''',i doroba leri tivekaka tani hi Doroba ra Tshwane  i masipala lowu tivekaka tani hi doroba leri vumbaka mfumo wa miganga wa n'walungu wa Gauteng eAfrika Dzonga . Ndhawu ya doroba-nkulu yi le xikarhi ka doroba ra Pretoria laha madoroba lama rhendzeleke na miganga leyi katsekaka eka ndhawu ya mfumo wa miganga.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.tshwane.gov.za/?page_id=348#:~:text=The%20Municipality%20was%20established%20on,Pretoria%20area%20and%20surrounding%20areas. https://www.tshwane.gov.za/?page_id=348#:~:text=The%20Municipality%20was%20established%20on,Pretoria%20area%20and%20surrounding%20areas.]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Matimu ===
'''[[Masipalankulu wa Doroba ra Tshwane]]''' wu simekiwile hi ti 5 Dzivamisoko 2000,  wu vumbiwa hi 13 wa khale ka tikhanselara ta dorobankulu na doroba naswona wu lawuriwa ehansi ka sisiteme ya.&lt;ref&gt;https://municipalities.co.za/overview/3/city-of-tshwane-metropolitan-municipality&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ntivomisava ====
Ndzhawu ya misava ya Masipalankulu wa Doroba ra Tshwane yi tlakuke kusuka eka {{Convert|2198|km2|mi2}}  hi 2010 ku ya eka {{Convert|6368|km2|mi2}} endzhaku ka ku nghenisiwa Metsweding,  kaleswi endlaka leswaku yi va Masipalankulu lowunkulu wa Doroba eAfrika-Dzonga. 

Xihlovo xa Tswaing xi le n'walunguvupela-dyambu bya Soshanguve &lt;ref&gt;https://dearsouthafrica.co.za/tshwane/&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== [[Tindhawu leti vumbeke]] ===
Masipalankulu wa Doroba ra Tshwane wu vumbiwa hi tindhawu leti landzelaka: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%; text-align: right&quot;
!Ntlawa wa rixaka
! Ntalo wa vanhu
! % .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Khaladi
| 58 788
| 2.01% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Muntima wa Muafrika
| 2 202 847. Xihlamusela-marito
| 75.40% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Vobasa
| 586 495. Xihlamusela-marito
| 20.08% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Muindiya/Mu-Asia
| 53 744
| 1.84% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Van'wana
| 19 614
| 0.67% .
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Hinkwaswo
| 2 921 488. Xihlamusela-marito
| 100.00% .
|}
[[File:University_of_South_Africa_taken_with_cellphone_camera.jpg|thumb| Xiphemu xa le mahlweni xa Muako wa Theo van Wyk eKhamphasini-nkulu ya UNISA|left]]
Huvo ya masipala yi vumbiwa hi swirho swa 214 leswi hlawuriweke hi vuyimeri bya xiringaniso bya swirho leswi pfanganisiweke . 107 va hlawuriwa hi ku vhota ko sungula ku hundza eka tiwadi ta 107, kasi lava saleke va 107 va hlawuriwa eka minxaxamelo ya vandla leswaku nhlayo hinkwayo ya vayimeri va vandla yi ringana na nhlayo ya tivhoti leti amukeriweke. Eka nhlawulo wa ti 1 Nyenyankulu 2021, a ku na vandla leri nga hlula switulu swo tala eka huvo.

Tafula leri landzelaka ri kombisa mbuyelo wa nhlawulo wa 2021.   

== Vukorhokeri ==
[[File:Old_Arts_Faculty_Building,_University_of_Pretoria.jpg|thumb| Muako wa khale wa Yunivhesiti ya Vutshila ya Pitori]]

=== Mati na nkululo ===
Kusukela hi 2016, Dorobankulu ra Tshwane ri kuma 72% wa mati ya rona yotala kusuka eka Rand Water, leyi tirhisaka Integrated Vaal River System. Mati lawa yanga sala ya 28% ya Tshwane ya huma eka tindzhawu ta yona to basisa na ti boreholes. Swipimelo swa mati swi tirhisiwa hi nkarhi wa dyandza, magandlati yo hisa kumbe ku cinca kun’wana ka tinguva.

=== Xifambo ===

==== Xiporo ====
Xitichi lexikulu xa xitimela xi le [[Pitori|Pretoria]] .

Gautrain yi famba hi swiphemu swa masipala, na switichi eCenturion na Pretoria, yi helela eka xitichi lexi nga exifundzheninkulu xa Hatfield.

==== Rivala ra swihahampfhuka ====
OR Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Matiko ya Misava ra Tambo eka Masipala wa Dorobankulu ra Ekurhuleni leri nga ekusuhi ri tirhela Tshwane. Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Wonderboom en'walungwini wa Tshwane ri tirhela swihahampfhuka swo vevuka.

=== Dyondzo ===
==== Dyondzo ya le henhla ====
Masipala wa Tshwane i kaya ra Yunivhesiti ya Thekinoloji ya Tshwane, na yunivhesiti leyikulu ya dyondzo ya le kule ( Yunivhesiti ya AfrikaDzonga, leyi tivekaka ngopfu hi xihlamuselamarito xa yona, UNISA), xikan’we na The Yunivhesiti ya pitori, yin’wana ya ndzavisiso lowu rhangelaka eAfrika-Dzonga na tiyunivhesiti to dyondzisa, Yunivhesiti ya Sayense ya Rihanyo ya Sefako Makgatho (SMU, leyi khale a yi vitaniwa Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo (Khamphasi ya Medunsa) na Yunivhesiti ya Vutshunguri ya Afrika DzongaMEDUNSA) xikolo xa vutshunguri, na Huvo ya AfrikaDzonga ya Vulavisisi bya Sayense na Vumaki (CSIR).

'''Bibliyogirafu'''
[[Category:Doroba ra Tshwane]]
[[Category:AfrikaDzonga]]
[[Category:Timasipala taGauteng]]
[[Category:Pretoria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Helen Zille</title>
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      <comment>/* Matimu */</comment>
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[[File:Helen_Zille_-_two.jpg|thumb|Helen Zille - two]]
'''Otta Helene Maree''' ( ''née'' '''Zille''' /ˈ z ɪ l ə / ;  u velekiwile hi ti  9 Dzivamisoko 1951), loyi a tivekaka tani hi '''Helen Zille''', i n'watipolitiki wa '''Afrika-Dzonga'''. A tirha tanihi Mutshamaxitulu wa Huvo ya Federali ya vandla ra Democratic Alliance ku sukela hi ti 20 Khotavuxika 2019. Ku sukela hi 2009 ku fikela hi 2019, a ri Holobyenkulu wa xifundzhankulu xa Kapa Vupeladyambu ku ringana matheme mambirhi ya malembe ya ntlhanu  na xirho xa Palamende ya Xifundzankulu xa Kapa Vupeladyambu .  U tirhile tanihi Murhangeri wa Federali wa vandla ra Democratic Alliance kusukela hi 2007 kuya eka 2015 na tanihi  Meyara wa kapa kusukela hi 2006 kuya eka 2009.&lt;ref&gt;Helen Zille | South African History Online (sahistory.org.za)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
Zille khale  a ri  muteki wa mahungu na mulwela- xihlawuhlawu    naswona a ri un’wana wa vateki va mahungu lava paluxeke hi rifu ra murhangeri wa Black Consciousness [[Steve Biko]] loko a ri karhi a tirhela ''phephahungu ra Rand Daily Mail'' eku heleni ka malembe ya va 1970.  U tlhele a tirha na Black Sash na mintlawa yin’wana leyi a yi kanetana na xihlawuhlawu hi malembe yava 1980s.  Eka xivandla xa tipolitiki, Zille u tirhile eka swiyenge hinkwaswo swinharhu swa mfumo, tanihi  MEC wa dyondzo ya Kapa Vupeladyambu (1999–2001), tanihi  Xirho xa Palamende (2004–2006), tanihi Meyara wa Kapa (2006–2009), na tanihi Holobyenkulu wa Kapa-Vupeladyambu (2009–2019).&lt;ref&gt;Helen Zille | Biography &amp; Facts | Britannica&lt;/ref&gt;

Zille u hlawuriwile tanihi hi Meyara wa Misava hi lembe ra 2008.   U tlhele a hlawuriwa tanihi  muendli wa mahungu wa lembe ra 2006'' hi National Press Club hi Nhlangula 2007. Zille u vulavula Xinghezi, [[Xibhunu|Xiafrikaans]], Xiqhosa na Xijarimani . 


[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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    <title>Julius Malema</title>
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      <text bytes="3162" sha1="5uxtgef4y4cfqyu28vz54wzxu8mu0od" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/julius-sello-malema&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref&gt;https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/3344/Julius_Malema&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pa.org.za/person/julius-sello-malema/&lt;/ref&gt;'''Julius Sello Malema''' ( u velekiwile hi ti 3  ta Dzivamisoko 1981) i n'watipolitiki [[Afrika-Dzonga|wa Afrika Dzonga]] . I musunguri na murhangeri wa  vandla ra Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), vandla ra tipolitiki leri tivekaka swinene   hi ku ambala tiberet to tshwuka na swiambalo swa xitayili xa masocha leswi ambariwa hi swirho swa rona.     Loko EFF yinga se simekiwa, u tirhile tani hi president wa African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) kusukela hi 2008 kufikela loko a hlongoriwa eka vandla hi 2012.https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Malema&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Malema&lt;/ref&gt;

Loko a ha ri n’wana, [[Malema]] u joyine vandla ra ANC naswona a ri xirho lexi ngheneleke ngopfu loko a ri karhi a kula; u hetelele a hlawuriwile ku va muungameri wa Youth League ya yona hi Hukuri 2008 ehansi ka swiyimo leswi nga na njhekanjhekisano. Loko a ha ri muungameri, a a ri museketeri wo sungula wa ku endla leswaku bindzu ra migodi ra Afrika-Dzonga ri va ra tiko na ku tekela misava handle ko hakeriwa . U tlakukile kuya eka ndhuma ya tiko tani hi museketeri wo vulavula hi ku kongoma wa Jacob Zuma, puresidende wa ANC hi nkarhi walowo naswona endzhaku Puresidende wa Afrika Dzonga . Kambe vuxaka bya Malema na Zuma byi kumekile byi tika swinene endzhaku ka ku burisana ko tala ka ndzayo laha a nga  lwisana na yena hi vandla ra ANC; hi lembe ra 2012, a ri karhi a endla matshalatshala ya leswaku Zuma a susiwa ehofisini, emahlweni ka Nhlengeletano ya Rixaka ya vu 53 ya ANC . Hi nhweti ya Dzivamusoko ya lembe rero, tinhweti nyana loko khoferese yifanele kuva kona, Malema u hlongoriwile eka vandla ra ANC hikokwalaho ko tisa vandla leri eka ndhuma yo biha. Lembe leri landzelaka, u simekile vandla ra EFF, naswona u hlawuriwile eka Huvo ya Rixaka hi 2014, laha a hluleke  switulu swa 25 eka nhlengeletano.https://www.pa.org.za/person/julius-sello-malema/

Malema u nghenelerile eka timhaka to hambanahambana ta nawu eka ntirho wa yena hinkwawo wa tipolotiki: u voniwile nandzu wa mbulavulo wa rivengo kambirhi, kan'we hi Dzivamisoko hi lembe ra 2010 hikwalaho ka marito yo tekela ehansi mayelana na muhehliwa loyi a pfinyiweke hi zuma , na kambe hi Ndzati 2011 hikokwalaho ko  yimbelela  risimu ra&quot; ''Dubul' ibhunu'' &quot; (&quot; Duvula Mubunu &quot;). Hi lembe ra 2012, Malema u hehliwile hi nandzu wa vuxisi, ku yiviwa ka mali na ku rhuketela.  Endzhaku ko tlheriseriwa endzhaku ko tala, &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Zuma Critic Faces South Africa Charges}}&lt;/ref&gt;  nandzu lowu wu hlongoriwile hi tikhoto hi 2015 hikwalaho ka ku hlwela loku phindha-phindhiweke hi Vulawuri bya Vuchuchisi bya Rixaka, leswi endleke leswaku ku va na mavonelo ya leswaku swihehlo leswi a swi hlohloteriwa hi tipolitiki.  Kambe AfriForum yi tivise hi lembe ra 2018 leswaku yi ta veka vuchuchisi bya le xihundleni bya Malema eka swihehlo swa vukungundzwana.https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/3344/Julius_Malema 
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tindzimi ta ximfumo ta Afrika Dzonga</title>
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      <text bytes="914" sha1="7vy3ov1naonknr21eqlxl0ygjat344v" xml:space="preserve">Ku vulavuriwa tindzimi ta kwalomu ka makume nharhu ntlhanu [[Afrika-Dzonga|e Afrika Dzonga]], [[khume]] mbirhi wa tona i '''tindzimi ta ximfumo ta Afrika Dzonga''' : Xindebele, Xipedi, Xisotho, Ririmi to vulavuala hi Mavoko ra Afrika Dzonga, [[Xiswazi]], [[Xitsonga]], Xitswana, Xivenda, [[Xibhunu|Xiafrikaans]], Xixhosa, Xizulu, na Xinghezi, leyi nga ririmi ro sungula leri tirhisiwaka eka mbulavulo wa palamende na mfumo, hambileswi tindzimi hinkwato ta ximfumo ti ringanaka hi xiyimo xa nawu. Ku engetela kwalaho, Ririmi ro vulavuala hi Mavoko ra Afrika-Dzonga ri amukeriwile tanihi ririmi ra ximfumo ra vukhume-mbirhi ra Afrika-Dzonga hi Huvo ya Rixaka hi ti 3 Mawuwani 2023.  Tindzimi leti nga riki ta ximfumo ti sirheleriwa ehansi ka Vumbiwa bya Afrika-Dzonga, hambi leswi ti nga ri tingani ti boxiwaka hi KU ya hi maviti ya tona.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/celebrating-freedom-language&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Thabo Mbeki</title>
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      <text bytes="3782" sha1="7r8v97iygspvpjjtvwydlozg5cb6l4c" xml:space="preserve">==   ==
[[File:SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01.jpg|thumb]]
'''Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki''' (born 18 Khotavuxika 1942) i n'watipolitiki wa [[Afrika Dzonga]] loyi anga tirha tani hi murhangeri wa tiko wa vumbirhi e Afrika Dzonga kusukela hi ti 14 khotavuxika 1999 kuya fika hi ti 24 ndzhati 2008, loko a tshika ntirho hiku komberiwa hi vandla ra yena ra African National Congress (ANC).  Emahlweni ka sweswo, ari xandla xa presidente ehansi ka murhangeri wa tiko wo sungula [[Nelson Mandela]] kusukela hi 1994 kuya eka 1999.&lt;ref&gt;https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/788260/best-and-worst-presidents-for-economic-growth-in-south-africa/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rendzo ra murhangeri wa tiko Thabo Mbeki ==
N'wana wa Govan Mbeki, mutivi wa ndhuma wa ANC, Mbeki u nghenelerile eka tipolotiki ta ANC ku sukela hi 1956, loko a nghenela ANC Youth League, naswona u vile xirho xa National Executive Committee xa vandla ku sukela hi 1975. U velekiwile  eTranskei, u sukile  eAfrika Dzonga ari na makume mbirhi wa malembe kuya nghena yunivhesiti  eEngland, naswona u hete kwalomu ka makume nharhu wa malembe ari evuhlongeni ematikweni yale handle, kufikela loko vandla ra ANC ringa yarisiwa hi 1990.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/mbeki-stands-his-ground-on-phala-phala-criticism-in-robust-and-cordial-meeting-with-top-anc-leaders-20230412&lt;/ref&gt; U tlakukile hiku tirhisa nhlangano eka xiyenge xa wona xa mahungu na vuhangalasi bya mahungu xikan’we na tani hi Oliver Tambo ’s protégé, kambe ari mudiplomati loyi anga na ntokoto, a tirha tani hi muyimeri wa ximfumo wa ANC eka tindzhawu ta yona to hlaya ta xiAfrika. A ari muyimeri wosungula na murhangeri wa ti Diplomatic Engagements leswinga endla leswaku kuva na minkanerisano yo herisa xihlawuhlawu .&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/latest-julius-malema-slams-thabo-mbekis-critique-of-anc-leadership/&lt;/ref&gt; Endzhaku ka nhlawulo wo sungula wa xidemokirasi eAfrika-Dzonga hi 1994, u thoriwile ku va xandla xa presidente wa tiko. Eka malembe lawa yanga landzela, switikomba leswaku ari mutlhandlami loyi a hlawuriweke wa  Nelson Mandela, naswona u hlawuriwile anga kanetiwanga tani hi president wa ANC hi 1997, leswinga endla leswaku a tlakuka eka vupresidente tani hi khadindete wa ANC eka nhlawulo wa 1999 .&lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/mbeki-stands-his-ground-on-phala-phala-criticism-in-robust-and-cordial-meeting-with-top-anc-leaders-20230412&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ku kula ka yena ==
Loko ari xandla xa presidente, '''Mbeki''' a tekiwile tani hi mulanguteri wa pholisi ya mfumo ya Growth, Employment and Redistribution, leyi sunguriweke  hi 1996, naswona tani hi president uyile emahlweni a tsarisa eka tipholisi ta macroeconomic letinga hlayisa ngopfu, letinga na xinghana eka makete. Hi nkarhi wa vupresidente bya yena, Afrika-Dzonga ri vile na ku wa ka swikweleti swa mfumo, ku hunguteka ka ku kayivela ka mpimanyeto, na ku kula ka ikhonomi loku nga cincekiki, loku ringaneleke. Kambe, hambi leswi a hlayiseke minongonoko yo hambana ya xidemokirasi xa vaaki, na ku ndlandlamuxiwa loku xiyekaka eka nongonoko wa ku nyika matimba eka ikhonomi ya vantima, vaxopaxopi a va tala ku teka tipholisi ta ikhonomi ta Mbeki tanihi neoliberal, hi ku nga tekeli enhlokweni swikongomelo swa nhluvukiso na ku hangalasiwa nakambe. Hi swivangelo leswi, Mbeki u kule a hambanisiwa na ripapa ra ximatsi ra ANC, na varhangeri va vatirhisani va ANC va Tripartite Alliance, Congress of South African Trade Unions, na South African Communist Party . I swiyenge leswi swa leftist leswi seketeleke Jacob Zuma eka Mbeki eka mphikizano wa tipolotiki lowu nga humelela endzhaku ka loko Mbeki a susile loyi wo hetelela eka xivandla xa yena tani hi xandla xa president hi 2005.

== References ==
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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    <title>Shona Ferguson</title>
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'''Aaron Arthur Ferguson''' (30 Hukuri 1974). – 30 Nhlangula 2021),  hi xiphurofexinali loyi a tivekaka tanihi '''Shona Ferguson''', a ri mutlangi wa Motswana loyi a tshamaka eAfrikaDzonga, muhumelerisinkulu na musunguri-kulobye wa [[Ferguson Films|'''Ferguson Films''']], xikan’we na nsati wa yena, '''[[Connie Ferguson u vulavule hi yena|Connie Ferguson]] .'''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/news/shona-ferguson-47-has-died-20210730&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntirho wo sungula ==
'''Ferguson''' u sungurile riendzo ra yena eka misava ya vuhungasi e[[Lesotho]] tanihi club DJ eka The Palace Hotel Night Club hi 1992. Endzhaku ko tlhelela e[[Botswana]] nyingiso wa yena wu rhurhele eka misava ya mabindzu naswona u hetelele ari eka bindzu ra IT. Leswi a sunguleke tanihi muxavisi, u tirhile ndlela ya yena kuya e henhla kuva a va n’wamabindzu loyi a xiximiwaka laha anga wina masagwadi yotala ya ku humelela, kukatsa na sagwati ra mufambisi wa vuxavisi wa le henhla hi 1998–99.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pindula.co.zw/Shona_Ferguson/#google_vignette&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntirho wa ku tlanga ==
Ntirho wo sungula lowukulu wa '''Ferguson''' wa vuyimbeleri a ku ri tanihi Dokodela Leabua eka soap opera ya ririmi ra Tshivenda ra AfrikaDzonga ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Muvhango&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' . U tshike nkombiso lowu hi Dzivamisoko 2007. Kutani u tlangile tanihi '''Itumeleng''' kusukela hi 2011 kuya eka 2013 eka '''''The Wild'', soap opera ya''' M-Net '''.'''

Yena, kun’we na nsati [[Connie Ferguson|'''Connie Ferguson''']], va simeke Ferguson Films  naswona ha vambirhi va tlangile eka nongonoko wo sungula wa vuhumelerisi bya vona bya tifilimi ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rockville&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' . U tlangile tani hi JB kusukela hi 2013 kuya eka xiphemu xa yona xohetelela hi 2016. U tlhele a tlanga eka 2014’s ''The Gift'', nongonoko wa Ferguson Films, naswona u tlangile tani hi Jerry Maake eka ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Queen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'', nakambe nongonoko wa Ferguson Films lowu sunguleke hi 2016. Ku humelela ka yena kun’wana eka TV ku katsa ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Isidingo: The Need&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' tani hi Tyson na ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Scandal!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' tanihi Alex.</text>
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    <title>Vulawuri bya thyaka</title>
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      <text bytes="1529" sha1="ex4an6itvhoyo93j4ad9ocyhsvo1kw9" xml:space="preserve">'''Vulawuri bya thyaka''' kumbe '''ku lahliwa ka thyaka''' swi katsa maendlelo na swiendlo leswi lavekaka ku lawula thyaka ku sukela eku sunguleni ku ya fikela eku lahliweni ka rona ko hetelela .  Leswi swi katsa ku hlengeletiwa, [[Vutleketli|ku fambisiwa]], ku basisiwa, na ku lahliwa ka thyaka, ku lawula endlelo ra vulawuri bya thyaka na milawu leyi fambelanaka na thyaka kun’we na ku vekiwa tihlo, tindlela ta ikhonomi, na thekinoloji&lt;ref&gt;Waste Management – City of Tshwane&lt;/ref&gt;.

== XANA THYAKA RI NJHANI ==
Thyaka ri nga va leri tiyeke, leri nga mati kumbe tigasi naswona muxaka wun’wana na wun’wana wu na tindlela to hambana to lahla na ku lawula. Vulawuri bya thyaka byi tirhana na tinxaka hinkwato ta thyaka, ku katsa na thyaka ra tiindasitiri, ra biological, ra le makaya, ra masipala, ra organic, biomedical, radioactive. Eka swiyimo swin’wana, thyaka ri nga veka rihanyo ra vanhu ekhombyeni.[2] Timhaka ta rihanyo ti fambelanisiwa na endlelo hinkwaro ra vulawuri bya thyaka. Timhaka ta rihanyo ti nga tlhela ti humelela hi ndlela leyi nga kongomangiki kumbe hi ku kongoma: hi ku kongoma hi ku khomiwa ka thyaka leri tiyeke, naswona hi ndlela leyi nga kongomangiki hi ku tirhisiwa ka mati, misava na swakudya.[2] Thyaka ri endliwa hi migingiriko ya vanhu, xikombiso, ku humesiwa na ku lulamisiwa ka switirhisiwa swo ka swi nga tirhisiwanga.[3] Vulawuri bya thyaka byi kongomisiwile ku hunguta vuyelo byo biha bya thyaka eka rihanyo ra vanhu, mbango, switirhisiwa swa tipulanete na vuxongi.

== Rheferense ==</text>
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    <title>Dorobankulu ra Tshwane Masipala wa Dorobankulu</title>
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      <comment>ADDED REFERENCE</comment>
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      <text bytes="4915" sha1="fbcoq0e10re0rjpsrhe2krbu07mxbte" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement|name=Tshwane|official_name=City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality|other_name=Pretoria|native_name=|settlement_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|Metropolitan municipality]]
&lt;!-- images, nickname ---&gt;|image_seal=Tshwane_CoA.png|seal_size=150x100px
&lt;!-- maps and coordinates ------&gt;|image_map=Map of South Africa with Tshwane highlighted (2011).svg|mapsize=|map_alt=|map_caption=Location in Gauteng|coordinates={{coord|25|40|S|28|20|E|region:ZA_type:adm2nd_dim:80km|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=&lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
&lt;!-- location ------------------&gt;|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[South Africa]]|subdivision_type1=Province|subdivision_name1=[[Gauteng]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of South Africa|District]]|subdivision_name2=&lt;!-- seat, smaller parts -------&gt;|seat=[[Pretoria]]|parts_type=[[Ward (South Africa)|Wards]]|parts=107
&lt;!-- government leaders --&gt;|government_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;muni_mayor&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors |title=Contact list: Executive Mayors |publisher=Government Communication &amp; Information System |access-date=February 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714013749/http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors |archive-date=July 14, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|government_type=[[Municipal council]]|leader_party=[[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]]|leader_title=Mayor|leader_name=[[Cilliers Brink]]|leader_title1=|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=&lt;!-- area ----------------------&gt;|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=6298|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;k757&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=City of Tshwane (Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa) | website=Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location | date=2022-02-02 | url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/southafrica/admin/gauteng/TSH__city_of_tshwane/ | access-date=2024-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_total=4,040,315|population_as_of=2022|population_rank=|population_density_km2=auto
 demographics (section 1) --&gt;|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;k757&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=City of Tshwane (Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa) | website=Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location | date=2022-02-02 | url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/southafrica/admin/gauteng/TSH__city_of_tshwane/ | access-date=2024-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=82.8%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=1.8%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.7%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=13.4%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;muni_population&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place  |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=27 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Northern Sotho language|Sepedi]]}}|demographics2_info1=28.4%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info2=25.7%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[Tswana language|Tswana]]}}|demographics2_info3=24.7%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|[[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]}}|demographics2_info4=11.7%|demographics2_title5={{nobold|[[South African English|English]]}}|demographics2_info5=10.4%|demographics2_title6={{nobold|[[nobold|Other]]}}|demographics2_info6=26.7%
&lt;!-- time zone(s) --------------&gt;|timezone1=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2
&lt;!-- Municipal code --&gt;|blank_name_sec1=Municipal&amp;nbsp;code|blank_info_sec1=TSH

&lt;!-- website, footnotes --&gt;|footnotes=}}
[[File:Tshwane.jpg|right|thumb| Mfungho wa Tshwane, lowu nga na logo ya khale leyi kombisaka Miako ya Uniyoni [[Pitori|ePitori]], leyi nga na xiga lexi nge &quot;Ha fana&quot; (xifaniso xa 2005).

]]
'''Masipala wa [[Dorobankulu]] ra Tshwane''' ( Tswana  &lt;/link&gt; ; Afrikaans  &lt;/link&gt; ; Northern Sotho  &lt;/link&gt; ), leri tivekaka tani hi '''Doroba ra Tshwane''' ( /t s w ɑː n ɪ / ), i masipala wa dorobankulu lowu vumbaka mfumo wa miganga wa n'walungu [[Gauteng|wa Gauteng]] e [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] . Ndhawu ya dorobankulu yi le xikarhi ka doroba ra [[Pitori|Pretoria]] na madoroba lama rhendzeleke na miganga leyi katsekaka eka ndhawu ya mfumo wa miganga.&lt;ref&gt;City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality - Wikipedia&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
'''Masipala wa Dorobankulu ra Tshwane''' wu [[simekiwile]] hi ti 5 Dzivamisoko 2000,  wu vumbiwa hi 13 wa khale ka tikhanselara ta  madoroba naswona wu lawuriwa ehansi ka sisiteme ya vumeyara bya vulawuri.&lt;ref&gt;WHEN WAS THE CITY OFTSHWANE METROPOLITAN UNICIPALITY ESTABLISHED - Search (bing.com)&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Natasha Thahane</title>
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      <text bytes="1750" sha1="fkbuuwh97aszzrsk2abuaerorlje3er" xml:space="preserve">== Xana i mani Natasha Thahane? ==
'''Nokuthula Tutu''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 25 ta Nyenyankulu 1995), loyi a tlhelaka a tiveka hi vito ra '''Natasha Thahane''', i [[African actress,|mutlangi wa swifaniso swa Afrika Dzonga,]] modele na munhu wa vuhangalasi bya mahungu bya vumunhu.  U tiveka ngopfu hi swiphemu swa yena eka nongonoko wa thelevhixini [[Blood &amp; Water (Nxaxamelo wa TV wa Afrika Dzonga) .|''Blood &amp; Water'',]] ''[[Skeem Saam]]'', The Queen, na ''It's OK We're Family'''''.'''   Sweswinyana u joyine drama ya BET ''Isono'' laha a tlanga xiphemu xa Millicent.&lt;ref&gt;wikisouthafrica.co.za/natasha-thahane/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutomi bya le ku sunguleni ==
Thahane u velekiwile [[Orlando West|eOrlando East]] hi Trevor Thamsanqa Tutu na Nomaswazi Mamakoko.  I ntukulu wa Bixopo-nkulu Desmond Tutu .  U rhurhele e[[Doroba ra Kapa|Cape Town]] laha anga nghena xikolo xale henhla xa Milnerton .  U ye emahlweni a thwasa hi digiri ya xibalo eYunivhesiti ya Witwatersrand . Hi 2018, u hetile nongonoko wa Lembe rin’we ra Conservatory eka Acting for Film eNew York Film Academy eManhattan.&lt;ref&gt;staging.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/local-celebs/natasha-thahanes-academic-qualifications-revealed/&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ntirhovutomi ==
Thahane u sungule ku humelela eka xikirini eka xitiviso xa mabindzu xa Edgars hi 2013. Hi Lembe leri landzeleke, u endle masungulo ya yena ya nongonoko wa thelevhixini eka xiphemu xa e.tv anthology ''eKasi: Our Stories'' leyi nga na nhlokomhaka leyi nge &quot;Drama King&quot;. U vuyile hi lembe leri landzeleke eka xiphemu xin'wana, &quot;uManqoba&quot;. U endle muyeni tani hi Fundiswa eka season 1 ya ''saints and sinners'' naswona u tlhele a tlanga xiphemu tani hi ximunhuhatwa lexi vuyelelaka eka season 2.
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    <title>Dorobankulu ra Masipala wa Dorobankulu ra Ekurhuleni</title>
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      <text bytes="5824" sha1="lg8apw9sr0c3seuna3kg0d83jt0m0hq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement|name=name|official_name=City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality|other_name=East Rand|native_name=|settlement_type=[[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)| Metropolitan Municipality]]
&lt;!-- images, nickname ---&gt;|image_blank_emblem=Coe-logo-sml.png|blank_emblem_type=Logo
&lt;!-- maps and coordinates ------&gt;|image_map=Map of Gauteng with Ekurhuleni highlighted.svg|mapsize=|map_alt=Location in [[Gauteng]]|map_caption=Location in Gauteng|coordinates={{coord|26|10|S|28|18|E|region:ZA-GP_type:adm2nd_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=&lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
&lt;!-- location ------------------&gt;|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[South Africa]]|subdivision_type1=Province|subdivision_name1=[[Gauteng]]|subdivision_type2=[[Municipalities of South Africa|Municipalities]]|subdivision_name2=&lt;!-- seat, smaller parts -------&gt;|seat=[[Germiston]]|parts_type=[[Ward (South Africa)|Wards]]|parts=101
&lt;!-- government leaders --&gt;|government_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;muni_mayor&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors |title=Contact list: Executive Mayors |publisher=Government Communication &amp; Information System |access-date=22 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714013749/http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors |archive-date=14 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|government_type=[[Municipal council]]|leader_party=|leader_title=[[Mayor of Ekurhuleni|Executive Mayor]]|leader_name=[[Nkosindiphile Xhakaza]] ([[ANC]])|leader_title1=|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=&lt;!-- area ----------------------&gt;|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=1975
&lt;!-- population ----------------&gt;|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;r484&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ekurhuleni (Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa) | website=Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location | date=2022-02-02 | url=https://citypopulation.de/en/southafrica/admin/gauteng/EKU__ekurhuleni/ | access-date=2024-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_total=4,066,691|population_as_of=2022|population_rank=|population_density_km2=auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;|demographics_type1=Racial makeup {{nobold|(2022)}}|demographics1_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;r484&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Ekurhuleni (Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa) | website=Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location | date=2022-02-02 | url=https://citypopulation.de/en/southafrica/admin/gauteng/EKU__ekurhuleni/ | access-date=2024-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;|demographics1_title1={{nobold|[[Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa|Black African]]}}|demographics1_info1=85.3%|demographics1_title2={{nobold|[[Coloureds|Coloured]]}}|demographics1_info2=2.5%|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]}}|demographics1_info3=1.8%|demographics1_title4={{nobold|[[White South African|White]]}}|demographics1_info4=10.3%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s {{nobold|(2011)}}|demographics2_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;muni_population&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964 |title=Statistics by place  |publisher=Statistics South Africa |access-date=27 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|demographics2_title1={{nobold|[[Zulu language|Zulu]]}}|demographics2_info1=28.6%|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[English language|English]]}}|demographics2_info2=11.9%|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[Afrikaans]]}}|demographics2_info3=11.8%|demographics2_title4={{nobold|[[Northern Sotho language|Sepedi]]}}|demographics2_info4=2.4%|demographics2_title5={{nobold|Other}}|demographics2_info5=45.3%
&lt;!-- time zone(s) --------------&gt;|timezone1=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2
&lt;!-- Municipal code --&gt;|blank_name_sec1=Municipal&amp;nbsp;code|blank_info_sec1=EKU
&lt;!-- Other stuff --&gt;|blank1_name_sec2=GDP|blank1_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]] 82.6 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;Brookings&quot;/&gt;|blank2_name_sec2=GDP per capita|blank2_info_sec2=[[American dollar|US$]] 24,468&lt;ref name=&quot;Brookings&quot;/&gt;
&lt;!-- website, footnotes --&gt;|footnotes=|nickname=The East, East Rand|website={{URL|https://www.ekurhuleni.gov.za/}}|motto=Prosper in Peace}}'''Masipala wa Dorobankulu ra Ekurhuleni''' ( Zulu  &lt;/link&gt; ; Afrikaans  &lt;/link&gt; ; Northern Sotho  &lt;/link&gt; ; Sotho  &lt;/link&gt; ) I Masipala wa Dorobankulu lowu vumbaka mfumo wa miganga wa swifundzha xa rand ya le vuxeni bya [[Gauteng]], swifundzha leswiikulu swa le handle ka doroba evuxeni bya [[Joni]] . ''Ekurhuleni'' swivula &quot;ndhawu ya ku rhula&quot; hi [[Xitsonga]] . Ekurhuleni i yin'wana ya swifundzha swa ntlhanu swa [[Gauteng]] na yin'wana ya timasipala ta ntsevu ta madoroba-nkulu ya [[Afrika-Dzonga]] . Xitulu xa Ekurhuleni i Germiston naswona ririmi leri vulavuriwaka ngopfu i Isizulu&lt;ref&gt;0303C_LanguagePolicy.pdf (ekurhuleni.gov.za)&lt;/ref&gt; hi 28.6%. doroba leri i kaya ra xitichi xa swihahampfhuka leswi nga tala ngopfu eAfrika-Dzonga, OR Tambo International Airport, lexi nga endhawini ya Kempton Park eEkurhuleni.&lt;ref&gt;South Africa: Government commits to improving living and economic conditions in Ekurhuleni - Ventures Africa&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Matimu ==
Masipala lowu wu simekiwile hi 2000, mibuyelo wa ku hlanganisiwa exikarhi ka Eastern Gauteng Services Council, Khayalami Metropolitan Council&lt;ref&gt;content (wits.ac.za)&lt;/ref&gt;, na ti masipala ta khale ta Alberton, Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Edenvale/Lethabong, Germiston, Kempton Park/Tembisa, Nigel na Swihlovo.  Ku ndlandlamuxiwa loku kunguhatiweke ka Ekurhuleni hi ku herisiwa ka &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;Masipala&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; wa Xifundzankulu wa Lesedi, lowu katsaka Heidelberg, na ku nghenisiwa ka wona eka Ekurhuleni endzhaku ka nhlawulo wa masipala wa 2016, swi siveriwile hi Khoto ya le Henhla ya Afrika-Dzonga hi 2015.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cogta.gov.za/ddm/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Take2_DistrictProfile_EKURHULENI-2.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makhadzi</title>
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Makhadzi u velekiwe eximutanini lexintsongo lexi vuriwaka Ha-Mashamba Tshivhangani, ehandle ka Elim exifundzheni xa [[Limpopo]]. Endzhaku ka loko vatswari va yena va hambanile, Ndivhudzannyi na vamakwavo vambirhi va boheke ku tshama na mana wa vona. U hetile gredi ya yena ya 12 eka Mukula Integrated School. Ndivhudzannyi u kume digri ya yena eka Public Relations naswona sweswi u dyondza drama.

Risimu ra Makhadzi leri nge &quot;Matorokisi&quot; ri humesiwile hi lembe ra dzana ra mabirhi nkaye , ri ve risimu lerikulu eka ntirho wa yena.

Alibamu ya yena leyi vitaniwaka ''Matorokisi'' yi humesiwile hi ti 1 Nyenyankulu 2019. Alibamu leyi yi fikelele nhlohlorhi ya vumbirhi eka iTunes/Apple Music ya laha kaya ya Afrika Dzonga naswona yi tshamile eka nomboro ya nthlanu ku ringana masiku manharhu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Hi 2019, Makhadzi u rhambiwile hi Master KG eka risimu leri nge &quot;Tshikwama&quot; leri humesiweke eka albamu leyi nge ''Yerusalema''.

Endzhaku ka loko a sukile eka Rita Dee Entertainment, Makhadzi u endle ntwanano wo rhekhoda nava Open Mic Productions.
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Enoch Godongwana</title>
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'''VUXOKOXOKO BYA HOLOBYE WA TIMALI ENOCH GODONGWANA'''

'''Enoch Godongwana''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 9 Nhlangula 1957) i n'watipolitiki wa Afrika Dzonga na khale ka xirho xa nhlangano wa vatirhi loyi sweswi a tirhaka tani hi Holobye wa Timali kusukela hi August 2021. I xirho xa Komiti ya Vulawuri bya Rixaka ya African National Congress (ANC).&lt;ref&gt;Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana Warns Against Premature Two Pot Savings Withdrawals - Briefly.co.za&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Rendzo ra Holobye wa Timali Enoch Godongwana''' ==
'''Enoch Godongwana''' u velekiwile ekapa vuxa, naswona u tlakukile kuya eka ndhuma ya tipolotiki tani hi matsalaninkulu wa Nhlangano wa Rixaka ra vatirhi va Tinsimbi exikarhi ka 1993 na 1997. Endzhaku ka sweswo, kusukela hi 1997 kuya eka 2004, u tirhile eka Huvonkulu ya Kapa Vuxa tani hi Xirho xa Huvonkulu ya swa Timali. U sungule ku hlawuriwa eka Komiti ya Vulawuri ya Rixaka ya ANC hi Nw'endzamhala1997, naswona a ri Xandla xa Mutshamaxitulu wa Xifundzankulu wa rhavi ra ANC ra Eastern Cape ku sukela hi 2003 ku ya eka 2006 ehansi ka Mutshamaxitulu Makhenkesi Stofile . Premier Nosimo Balindlela u n’wi hlongole eka Huvonkulu ehansi ka swiyimo leswi a swi kanetana hi Ndzhati 2004&lt;ref&gt;https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/new-development-bank-godongwana-calls-for-more-investment-from-the-private-sector-091316dd-3349-44e4-8118&lt;/ref&gt;.

Exikarhi ka nhweti ya  Mudyaxihi 2009 na Sunguti 2012, '''Godongwana''' ari xandla xa holobye ehansi ka khabinete yosungula ya Phuresidente Jacob Zuma . U vile Xandla xa Holobye wa Mabindzu ya Mfumo ku sukela hi 2009 ku ya eka 2010 na Xandla xa Holobye wa Nhluvukiso wa Ikhonomi ku sukela hi 2010 ku ya eka 2012.&lt;ref&gt;'Careful thought must be given before withdrawing from two-pot' - SABC News - Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader.&lt;/ref&gt;[[Hambiswitano U tshikile ntirho eka xiyimo xo hetelela hi Ndzhati 2012 endzhaku ka manyala lawa ya katsaka yin’wana ya swilaveko swa yena swa bindzu, khamphani ya vuvekisi leyi vuriwaka Canyon Springs|Hambiswitano]] [[Hambiswitano U tshikile ntirho eka xiyimo xo hetelela hi Ndzhati 2012 endzhaku ka manyala lawa ya katsaka yin’wana ya swilaveko swa yena swa bindzu, khamphani ya vuvekisi leyi vuriwaka Canyon Springs|U tshikile ntirho eka xiyimo xo hetelela hi Ndzhati 2012 endzhaku ka manyala lawa ya katsaka yin’wana ya swilaveko swa yena swa bindzu, khamphani ya vuvekisi leyi vuriwaka Canyon Springs]]. Hambiswiritano, u tshamile a ri munhu wo tiveka tanihi mutshamaxitulu wa nkarhi wo leha wa komiti leyitsongo ya Komiti ya Vulawuri bya Rixaka ya ANC eka ku cinca ka ikhonomi, naswona a ri mutshamaxitulu wa Bangi ya Nhluvukiso ya Afrika Dzonga ku sukela hi 2019 ku fikela hi 2021. U thoriwile eka khabinete ya Phuresidente Cyril Ramaphosa hi ti 5 Nhlangula 2021.&lt;ref&gt;Minister Enoch Godongwana: Ninth New Development Bank Annual Meeting | South African Government (www.gov.za)&lt;/ref&gt;


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    <title>Langues en Afrique du Sud</title>
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[[File:South_African_wine_regions.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Ndzhawu yo angarhela ya tindzhawu tin’wana ta wayeni ta Afrika -Dzonga]]
'''Tindzhawu ta wayeni ta Afrika Dzonga''' ti hlamuseriwile ehansi ka &quot;Wine of Origin&quot; ( ''[[Wyn van Oorsprong]]'' ) wa 1973. Ku anakanyisisa French ''Appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (AOC)sisitimi, hinkwato tiwayeni ta Afrika-Dzonga leti xaxametaka &quot;Wine of Origin&quot; tifanele kuva ti endliwile kumbe ku vumbiwa hiku hetiseka hi madiriva&lt;ref&gt;South African wine - Wikipedia&lt;/ref&gt; kusuka eka ndzhawu ya yona.  Nongonoko wa '''&quot;Wine of Origins&quot; (WO)''' wu lerisa ndlela leyi swifundzha swa wayeni swa Afrika-Dzonga swi hlamuseriwaka ha yona naswona swinga humelela eka malebvu ya wayeni . Loko swiyenge swin’wana swa WO swi tekiwile eka [[AOC]], WO yi khumbeka ngopfu hi ku pakanisa eka ku lebula. &lt;ref&gt;Wines of South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;Hikwalaho ka sweswo, WO ayi veki milawu yo pfuneta eka tindzhawu ta wayeni kufana naku hambanyisa tinxaka leti pfumeleriweke, tindlela ta trellising, tindlela to cheleta, na mbuyelo wa swibyariwa .

Sisiteme ya WO&lt;ref&gt;When the term ‘Wine of Origin’ or the abbreviation ‘W. O.’ appears together with the name of a production area, such as Stellenbosch, Durbanville or Robertson on a label, it confirms that 100% of the grapes from which the wine is made, comes from that specific demarcated area&lt;/ref&gt; yi avanyisa swifundzha leswi kulaka hi swiyenge swa mune. Letikulu swinene na leti tolovelekeke swinene i '''Tiyuniti ta Ntivo-misava''' (kufana na xifundzha xa Western Cape ) leti katsaka '''Swifundzha''' leswintsongo, kambe swahari swo anama (kufana na [[Cape South Coast]] ). Ehansi ka leswi kuna '''swifundzha''' leswi hlengeletaneke (kufana na Walker Bay ) naswona endzeni ka swona kuna '''tiwadi''' (kufana na Elgin ). Hambi leswi leti ku nga tiyuniti ta ntivo-misava, swifundzha na swifundzha swi landzelerisiwa ngopfu hi mindzilakano ya tipolitiki (tiwadi i xiphemu lexi hlamuseriwaka ngopfu hi swihlawulekisi swo hlawuleka, swa ''Terroir'' ).&lt;ref&gt;What is Terroir: Understanding the Soul of Your Wine – WinesUncovered&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rixaka (muganga) .</title>
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      <text bytes="1218" sha1="9w8k0111xwiovq86cyuzsqtfosvixom" xml:space="preserve">'''Rixaka''' ri nga vula ntlawa wa vanhu lava avelana [[ririmi]], [[Ndzhavuko|ndhavuko]], rixaka, masungulo kumbe matimu. Kambe, swi nga ha tlhela swi kombetela eka vanhu lava avelana ndhawu leyi fanaka na mfumo (e.g. lava nga endzeni ka mfumo lowu tifumaka ) ku nga khathariseki rixaka.   Eka timhaka leti fambisanaka ni mfumo wa rixaka, tiko ri tlhela ri tiviwa tanihi '''rixaka''' . &quot;Rixaka&quot; ri na tinhlamuselo to tala naswona nxaxamelo wa tinhlamuselo ta rito leri wu cinca hi ku famba ka nkarhi.

Kwalomu ka vanhu hinkwavo va tshama ensin'wini yo karhi leyi vuriwaka tiko . Tinxaka tin’wana ti tshama ngopfu-ngopfu ehandle ka tiko ra rikwavo. Tiko leri amukeriwaka tani hi tiko ra rikwavo ra vanhu vo karhi ri vuriwa &quot;nation-state&quot;. Mimfumo yo tala ya manguva lawa yi wela eka ntlawa lowu, hambileswi ku kanetiwaka swinene hi ku va enawini ka yona. Ematikweni lama nga ni timholovo ta ndhawu exikarhi ka tinxaka, timfanelo i ta rixaka leri a ri tshama kwalaho ro sungula. Ngopfu ngopfu eka tindzhawu letingana matimu yale kule ya vutshamo bya European, rito &quot;first peoples&quot; ritirhisiwa eka mintlawa ya vanhu lava avelana ndzhavuko wa ndzhavuko lowu fanaka naswona va lavaka ku amukeriwa ximfumo kumbe ku tifuma.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ku humelela khombo: N'wana lontsongo u wela ekheleni ra mati a lahlekeriwa hi vutomi</title>
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      <text bytes="1201" sha1="qvi51kpufyrujrwybcec3yqf5st7jtb" xml:space="preserve">Mhangu yo chavisa yi humelerile tolo nimadyambu endhawini ya le makaya, laha n'wana lontsongo a nga wela ekheleni ro enta ra mati hi xihoxo kutani a lahlekeriwa hi vutomi bya yena hi ndlela yo vava. Vaaki va sala va ri karhi va rhurhumela no rila loko mahungu lawa ya hangalaka&lt;ref&gt;The Safety of children in public places by National Center of Injury Prevention and Control (2002)&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mbhoni leyi voneke khombo leri ==
[[File:Water-filled pit - geograph.org.uk - 3217758.jpg|thumb|xifaniso xa goji leri nga na mati]]
Kuya hi timbhoni leti ti swi voneke hi mahlo, n'wana loyi a tiviwa tani hi Rohan wa malembe ya 6 hi vukhale, a ri karhi a tlanga ekusuhi na mugodi loko a lahlekeriwa hi ku ringanisela kutani a wela endzeni &quot;Ndzi hundze hi ndzhawu leyi loko ndzi twa ku huwelela lokukulu,&quot; ku vula muaki wa ndzhawu liya, Ramesh . &quot;Ndzi tsutsumele eka mpfumawulo kutani ndzi vona n'wana a ri karhi a lwa ku huma ematini. Hi ringetile ku n'wi ponisa, kambe a swi hlwerile swinene.&quot;

== Rheferense&lt;ref&gt;Community responses to Child Tragedies: A systematic Review (Journal of community Psychology, 2020)&lt;/ref&gt; ==
[[Category:khele ra mati]]
[[Category:N'wana]]
[[Category:Mbhoni]]
[[Category:Ku lova]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Anc yi onha Doroba ra Giyani</title>
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      <comment>/* Dyondzo */</comment>
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'''Vaakatiko''' va [[masipala wa Giyani]] va sola vandla ra tipolotiki ra anc hi ku vula leswaku ri onhile kumbe ku dlaya leswi mfumo gazankulu  wa phurofesa Hudson William edison ntsanwisi  wu va endlele swona.&lt;ref&gt;https://giyaniview.wordpress.com/2018/07/04/anc-policy-destroyed-gazankulus-legacy-for-vatsonga-tribe/&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Dyondzo''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Gazankulu.svg|alt=Xifaniso|thumb|gazankulu coat of arms]]
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhile Yunivhesti ya Gazankulu.
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhe Kholichi ya Giyani.	
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhe Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Giyani .
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhe Kholichi Tivumbeni.
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhe purasi ra Tibanana e14A.
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhe feme ya hina leyi a yi humelerisa switulu swa timovha.
pholisi  ya ANC yi onhile hi ku tsema nhloko ya muako wa khale wa [[palamende wa Giyani.]]
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhile Kholichi ya Hoxani.
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhile Kholichi ya Xingwedzi.
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhile Kholichi ya [[Lemana]].
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhile Vun’we bya [[Vatsonga]] na machangani.
Pholisi ya ANC yi hi tekele Kholichi ya vuongori ya Giyani.

== '''Mitirho''' ==
[[File:Flag of Gazankulu.svg|thumb|Mijeko wa Mfumo wa Gazabkulu]]
ANC pholisi yi hi Tekele Kholichi ta thekiniki ya Giyani.
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhile setara ya vantshwa emugangeni wa ka thomo.
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhile Ntanga wa swiharhi wa Man’ombe.
Pholisi ya ANC yi onhile Khoso ya dolufu ya Giyani.
Pholisi ya ANC yi honise Damu ra Hudson Ntsan’wisi yi endla leswaku ri va damu ra ndzhope. kANC policy yi cince Giyani yi va xidziva ya makula.
ANC yi onhe ka’Mtariyane.
ANC policy yi onhe Godide malamuleni.
ANC policy yi onhe Mhala show ground.
Pholisi ya ANC yi hi tekele Radiyo ya hina yi yi handzula xibalo xa hina.
ANC policy yi nyikile vatswari va hina ndlela yo va va swiphukuphuku swa matimba.
Pholisi ya ANC yi ala ti na mapasi eka vanhu va hina hi 14c hikuva va huma eMozambique kambe va nyika ti maGupta va tolo mapasi ID’s&lt;ref&gt;https://giyaniview.wordpress.com/2018/07/04/anc-policy-destroyed-gazankulus-legacy-for-vatsonga-tribe/&lt;/ref&gt;.

== '''Xihlawuhlawu''' ==
Pholisi ya ANC yi hi nyikile [Vatsonga] Ngi ngu nyani/
Nghunghunyani kokwani wa Mazulu naswona yi hi sindzisile ku n’wi sindzisa hi xikepe xa nyimpi, xifaniso lexi nga na mali eGiyani laha xiendlakalo xin’wana na xin’wana xi lawuriwaka hi ririmi ra Xizulu.
Pholisi ya ANC yi kaneta matimu ya Vatsonga, yi sindzisa no sindzisa hina Vatsonga ku pfumela leswaku vukona bya hina byi sungule endzhaku ka 1800 ematshan’wini ya AD
Hi vanhu vo sungula ku labeled tani hi ti baboons eka TV ya tiko ehansi ka xidemokirasi xa ANC.
Hi na ntirho, hinkwerhu hi fanele ku tiyisisa leswaku kopi leyi ya xihlawuhlawu leyi vitaniwaka ANC yi file hi 2020.Sweswinyana mutshila wa hina wa ntsheketo [[Dr Thomas Chauke]] u khomiwe hi tingana eka nkhuvo wa Maphungubye leswaku vuyimbeleri bya yena byi endla huwa byi susiwa exitejini.

== &lt;big&gt;'''Rheferense'''&lt;/big&gt; ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[category:Doroba ra giyani]]
[[category:Hudson William Edson Ntsanwisi]]
[[category:Xitsonga]]
[[category:Vaakatiko va giyani]]
[[category:Tipolotiki]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xiave xa dyondzo eku vumbekeni ka vaaki</title>
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      <text bytes="2458" sha1="hioagvg2ccxhzs0bzovx4vw23030vue" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Edu Wiki Camp 12.jpg|thumb|191x191px|Xifaniso lexi tekiweke ekampeni ya Edu Wiki]]
'''[[Dyondzo]]''' yi pfuneta eka endlelo ra '''nhluvukiso''' tanihileswi yi tlakusaka ku vumbiwa ka xisekelo xa '''ikhonomi''' na ku cinca ka ntshamiseko. Hi ndlela leyi, tinhlengeletano na mabindzu swi vile na vuswikoti na ku tirha kahle ku nyika vuswikoti hi vutivi na vukorhokeri eka ndhawu ya makete leyi tshamaka yi ri karhi yi cinca na ku phikizana. Leswi hi ndlela yo karhi swi hlohlotela nhluvukiso wa sekithara ya '''[[ikhonomi]]''' naswona hikokwalaho swi nyika swivandlanene swo antswa swa ku fambafamba ka vaaki ku ya ehenhla hikokwalaho swi hunguta swiyimo swa vusweti. Ku ya emahlweni, '''dyondzo''' yi tlanga '''xiave''' laha mintlawa leyi nga le ku hlongoriweni yi nyikiwaka matimba yo huma eka xirhendzevutani xa vusweti no khandziya xitepisi xa '''[[vaaki]]'''.&lt;ref&gt;https://preschoolrock.com/education-matters-for-future/&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Dyondzo na ku fambafamba ka vaaki ====
'''Dyondzo''' yi hoxa xandla eka nhluvukiso wa ripfalo ra '''vaaki'''; vanhu va khutaziwa ku hlaya na ku vhota, ku nghenelela eka maendlelo ya ku hlawula ka xidemokirasi, na ku endla ntirho wa timhaka. Vaaki lava dyondzekeke va na minkarhi yo antswa yo teka swiboho leswinene xikan’we na ku tiyimela na vanhu van’wana nkarhi wun’wana na wun’wana loko va vona timfanelo ta vona ti onhiwa. Ku ya emahlweni, dyondzo yi tlanga xiave xin’wana eka rihanyo na vuhlayiseki bya vaaki hi ku nyika vutivi lebyi fambelanaka na rihanyo xisweswo ku antswisa swiboho leswi fambelanaka na rihanyo leswi endlaka leswaku ku va na swiyimo leswi fambelanaka na rihanyo leswi antswisiweke xisweswo nkoka wa vutomi hi ku angarhela. Hikwalaho, dyondzo a hi ku antswisiwa ka munhu hi xiyexe ntsena, kambe I xin’wana xa switirhisiwa swa nkoka leswi pfunaka vaaki ku hundzula ku antswa, ku ringana, ku ya emahlweni na nhluvuko, na vun’we.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://fastercapital.com/topics/the-role-of-education-in-shaping-our-future.html#:~:text=It%20plays%20a%20vital%20role,to%20succeed%20in%20today's%20world |access-date=2024-08-31 |archive-date=2024-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831074304/https://fastercapital.com/topics/the-role-of-education-in-shaping-our-future.html#:~:text=It%20plays%20a%20vital%20role,to%20succeed%20in%20today's%20world |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==
[[category:swiave swa dyondzo]]
[[category:vaakatiko]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Siku ra Vavasati</title>
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'''Lembe rin’wana na rin’wana''' hi ti 9 ta Mawuwani, [[MaAfrikaDzonga]] ya mindhavuko hinkwayo, tinxaka na mintlawa ya mindhavuko ya hlangana ku tlangela Siku ra Vavasati. Holideyi leyi ya lembe na lembe ya mani na mani yi tsundzuka siku leri taleke hi swiendlakalo eka matimu ya AfrikaDzonga – 9 Mawuwani 1956.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.dsac.gov.za/womens-day&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:International Women's Day 2022 Barcelona 190809.jpg|thumb|Vavasati va kongoma e union building|222x222px]]


== Xivangelo xova ku tlangeriwa siku leri. ==
[[File:Uniegebou.jpg|thumb|245x245px|Union Building]]
I yini lexi endlaka leswaku siku leri ri hlawuleka swinene eka [[maAfrikaDzonga]]? Hi siku leri ra ti 9 ta Mawuwani hi 1956 laha ntlawa lowukulu wa vavasati wusunguleke pfhumba ro herisa milawu leyi ayi vekiwile ya leswaku va ntima hinkwavo va fanele ku famba va khomelele swibukwana swa vutitivisi hinkwako laha va fambaka kona, lePfhumba leri risungule loko kwalomu ka 20,000 wa vavasati va macha kuya eka yi ayi sindzisiwa hi mfumo wa nkarhi walowo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Milawu leyi a yi vula leswaku vanhu hinkwavo va vantima a va fanele ku rhwala “pass” yo hlawuleka kumbe tsalwa ra vutitivisi leri a va fanele ku ri humesa ku kombisa leswaku va pfumeleriwile ku nghena eka ndzhawu yo karhi leyi vekeriweke valungu. Lowu akuri nawu lowukulu wa mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu naswona awu sive swinene ntshunxeko wo famba famba wa vanhu va vantima.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/en/observances/womens-day/background#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20day%20when,developed%20and%20developing%20countries%20alike. https://www.un.org/en/observances/womens-day/background#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20day%20when,developed%20and%20developing%20countries%20alike.]&lt;/ref&gt;
Pfhumba leri risungule loko kwalomu ka 20,000 wa vavasati va macha kuya eka Muako wa Nhlangano [[eDorobeninkulu ra Pretoria]] kuya kombisa ku vilela hi ku cinca kun’wana loku ringanyetiweke eka milawu yo pasisiwa kumbe Urban Areas Act ya 1950.&lt;ref&gt;https://artsandculture.google.com/story/9-august-1956-the-women-s-anti-pass-march-africa-media-online/hwWhsZ_nLurALA?hl=en&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Swikombo''' ==
[[Category:Pass Laws]]
[[Category:Siku ra vavasati]]
[[Category:AfrikaDzonga]]
[[Category:union Building]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mbombela</title>
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      <comment>Bobbyshabangu moved page [[Nelspruit]] to [[Mbombela]]</comment>
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Ku suka eka doroba ra le handle ku ya eka doroba ra xifundzha, '''Nelspruit''' yi hundzukile hi ku famba ka malembe. Nhluvuko lowu i mhaka ya ku tinyungubyisa. Ndzhawu leyi yisunguriwile hi 1895 hi vamakwerhu va Nel lava ava risa tihomu ta vona ku rhendzela ndzhawu leyi hi tinhweti ta xixika. Ndzhawu leyi yi hundzuke doroba loko va '''Republican Volksraad''' va pfumelela makungu yo aka xiporo kusuka eka tindzhawu ta nsuku ta Lowveld letinga tshuburiwa kuya  eJoni.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/nelspruit-overview&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:A view of Nelspruit, South Africa (cropped).jpg|thumb|xifaniso xa Nelspruit]]
[[File:N4 Route entering the city of Nelspruit, South Africa.jpg|thumb|208x208px|Ndlela ya N4 leyi nghenangaka edorobeni ra nelspruit, ]]
'''[[Mbombela]]''', kumbe Nelspruit, i ntsindza wa xifundzha xa '''Mpumalanga  eAfrika-Dzonga'''. Nelspruit i doroba lerikulu swinene exifundzheni lexi naswona i ntsindza wa ndzhawu ya vurimi leyi humesaka mihandzu. Mfumo wu cince vito ra doroba leri ku suka eka Nelspruit ku ya eka Mbombela hi lembe ra 2009, kambe vito ra khale ra ha tirhisiwa. Nelspruit yitlhela yiva doroba leri kulu eka xifundza xa mpumalanga.

=== Matimu ya Nelspruit ===
Mbombela yitshama enkoveni wa Nambu wa Crocodile, ekusuhi na maboboma ya Crocodile yo saseka. Lowveld National Botanical Garden na Sudwala Caves swile kusuhi na Mbombela. Rivala ra Swihahampfhuka ra Matiko ya Misava ra Kruger Mpumalanga, en’walungu-vuxa bya doroba, i rivala ra swihahampfhuka ra matiko ya misava leri nga ekusuhi swinene na Ntanga wa Swiharhi wa Kruger.&lt;ref&gt;https://m.century21.co.za/news/what-makes-nelspruit-a-special-place-to-live-in/#:~:text=Nelspruit%20is%20an%20area%20with,a%20part%20of%20the%20area&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==
[[category:Doroba ra Mbombela]]</text>
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    <title>Hudson Ntsanwisi xikolo xa le henhla</title>
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      <text bytes="1429" sha1="d08n420so8rpc3qwoultixipguzxs8y" xml:space="preserve">'''Xikolo''' lexi xi kumeka kona kwala Afrika Ddzonga eka Xifundza xa Limpompo, ehansi ka masipala wa Mopani District. Edorobeni ra Tzaneen. Elokhexini leri vitaniwaka Nkowankowa eka sekhixini ya le ti  A. Address ya xikolo hi leyi landzelaka: 1470A Nkowankowa [[Mopani District]]. Xikolo lexi xa le ehehla i xikolo xa mani na mani.Eka xikolo lexi mani mani na mani loyi anga pasa kumbe ku heta ti tigiredi  ta le hansi na swona a a pulaya a kuma pfumelelo wo amukeriwa eka xikolo lexi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hudsonntsanwisisecondary.co.za/ |access-date=2024-08-31 |archive-date=2024-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930185636/http://hudsonntsanwisisecondary.co.za/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Matimu ya Xikolo xa le henhla lexi vitaniwaka Hudson Ntsanwisi Senior Secondary School''' ==
Xikolo lexi xI thyiwile  vito ra khale ka Prime minister wa Gazankulu Hudson Ntsanwisi. Kambe, hambi leswi xikolo lexi xitumbulukeke hi nkharhi lowu akahari na tshikilelo kumbe ku nga siva na thekinoloji yo fana na ti khomphyuta  xi  xikolo lexi hi nga vulaku leswaku xiyimo xa xon  i xa le henhla hikuva, hi wona Nkarhi wolowo wa va 1991 hambi leswi  technology ayi nga si nyawula swilo swo fana na michini yo thayipa a yiri  kona e xikolweni lexi.Hi nga vula kuri I xikolo lexi xi kota ku fikelela swilaveko swa vadyonzi.

== Xikombo: ==
[[Category: Tzaneeen]]
[[Category: Nkowankowa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>VUTOMI BYA MINA BYA LE YUNIVHESITI</title>
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      <text bytes="2206" sha1="bblgkbbr7o00od53pvlw85hfgstr549" xml:space="preserve">'''Hi lembe ra 2020''' ndzi yisile tidyondzo ta mina emahlweni eTshwane Yunivhesiti ya Thekinoloji, leyi kumekaka [[eSoshanguve.]] Vutomi bya vhasity ku bya tika ni swi vone kona hi lembe ra mina ro sungula eTUT.&lt;ref&gt;TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tshwane University of Technology - Wikipedia&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mintlhontlho leyi ndzi ngava na yona. ===
[[File:Half dome entrance.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Tshwane Yunivhesiti ya Thekinoloji.]]
Loko swi ta eka ku kuma titlilasi leti ani fanele kuya ka tona , a swi tika swinene. Ndlela leyi khamphasi a yi ri hi xi swona a yi twala onge yi pfilinganyile, naswona handle ka swiletelo leswi nga erivaleni, hakanyingi a ndzi tikuma ndzi ri karhi ndzi [[rhendzeleka-rhendzheleka]], ndzi ringeta ku kuma la tlilasi ta mina a ti khomeriwa kona. Leswiswi engeterile ntshikelelo  lowu nga lavekiki emasikwin ya mina yo sungula eTUT, leswi endleke leswaku swi tika ku dzikisa mianakanyo ya mina eka tidyondzo ta mina ni ku hlayisa nkarhi wo fika tlilasini. Ku kala swiyenge swa nkoka swi ndzi siye ndzi titwa ndzi tshikelekile eka mavhiki ya mina yo sungula.&lt;ref&gt;Tshwane University of Technology - Soshanguve South Campus Map - City of Tshwane, Gauteng, South Africa (mapcarta.com)&lt;/ref&gt;

==== matitwelo ya mina ====
Handle ka ku karhateka loku ndzi ngava na kona, ndzi hetelele ndzi tolovele khamphasi. Hambiswiritano, ku [[nonon’heriwa]] loko ndzi ngava na kona ka  ku kuma titlilasi swi khumbe ku titshemba ka mina hi ndlela yo biha naswona swi endle leswaku ku tshamiseka evutonwini bya vhasity swi tika swinene. 

===== mbuyelo lowu ndzi ngava na wona =====
Eka nthirho wa mina hinkwawo lowu a ndzi fanele ku ndi wu endla mayelana na tidyondzo ta mina, ndzi tirhile hi matimba swinene leswaku ndzi fikelela mbuyelo lowunene. Hi lemebe ra 2024, laha a ndzi endla lembe ra mina ravunharhu, ndzi thoriwile tanihi mutsundzixi wa laha  ndzi tshamaka kona. Hi kwalaho ka kuti niketela eka tidyondzo ta mina, swi endle leswaku ndzi va munhu loui a xiximiwaka swinene naswona ndzi kumile sagwadi tanihi mudyondzi wa le henhla.

===== Tirheferense =====
[[Categories:Tshwane Yunivhesiti ya Thekinoloji]]
[[Swa vutomi bya le Yunvhesiti]]
[[Soshanguve]]
[[Pretoria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kholera</title>
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'''[[Kholera]]''' I vuvabyi lebyi vangiwaka hi xitsongwatsongwana Lexi vitaniwaka vibrio  lexi ungaxi kumaka hiku nwa mati kumbe kudya swakudya leswi hlaseriweke hi xitsongwatsongwana lexi. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholera/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355293&lt;/ref&gt;

=== [[SWIKOMBISO|S]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s-fdp.org/2021/04/29/cholera-a-burden-in-africa/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMImIrsk-CeiAMVjpBQBh0EejUyEAAYASAAEgI_CfD_BwE |access-date=2024-08-31 |archive-date=2024-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831082748/https://s-fdp.org/2021/04/29/cholera-a-burden-in-africa/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMImIrsk-CeiAMVjpBQBh0EejUyEAAYASAAEgI_CfD_BwE |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;WIKOMBISO NA SWIVANGELO SWA KHOLERA &lt;ref&gt;https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMI5KHXmtueiAMVaopQBh1EFjV1EAAYASAAEgLNUPD_BwE&lt;/ref&gt; ===
Swikombiso swa kholera swihlayile [[swinene]] swo tani hi :ku chuluka ,  Ku pfimba loku fambelanaka na kholera ku hundza emisava hi xitshuketa naswona swinga hatlisa swivanga ku lahlekeriwa hi mati lawa yanga na khombo — kufana na hafu (kwalomu ka litara yin’we) hi awara. Ku pfimba ka khwiri loku vangiwaka hi kholera hakanyingi kuva na xivumbeko xotshuka,lexi fanaka na mati lawa rhayisi yi hlantswiweke eka wona.Ku pfimba ka khwiri ni ku hlanta. Ku hlanta swihumelela ngopfu ngopfu eka swiyimo swosungula swa kholera naswona swinga teka tiawara to tala.Ku pfumaleka ka mati emirini. Ku pfumaleka ka mati emirini swinga humelela endzhaku ka tiawara endzhaku kaloko swikombiso swa kholera swisungule naswona swisuka eka swo olova kuya eka leswikulu. Ku lahlekeriwa hi khume wa tipesete kumbe kutlula wa ntiko wa  miri, leswi swi swikomba ku [[pfumaleka]] ka mati emirini swinene. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/treatment/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Adult cholera patient.jpg|thumb|muvabyi wa kholera]]


swikombiso swa ku pfumaleka ka mati emirini hi kholera swi katsa ku hlundzuka, ku karhala, mahlo lama dzimeke, nomu lowu omeke, torha ro tlula mpimo, nhlonge leyi omeke no rhurhumela leyi nonokaka ku tlhelela endzhaku loko yi pfanganisiwa yi va xirhendzevutana, ku chulula switsongo kumbe ku nga rhurhumeli, nsusumeto wa ngati wa le hansi, na ku ba ka mbilu loku nga tshamisekangiki.Ku pfumaleka ka mati emirini swi nga endla leswaku u lahlekeriwa hi ku hatlisa ka timinerali engatini ya wena leti hlayisaka ku ringanisela ka mati emirini wa wena.  [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMI5KHXmtueiAMVaopQBh1EFjV1EAAYASAAEgLNUPD_BwE https//www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMI5KHXmtueiAMVaopQBh1EFjV1EAAYASAAEgLNUPD_BwE]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMI5KHXmtueiAMVaopQBh1EFjV1EAAYASAAEgLNUPD_BwE&lt;/ref&gt;

==== SWITSUNDZUXO SWO SIVELA ====
Tirhisa mati lama hlayisekeke. Tirhisa mati lama nga emabodlheleni, lama virisiweke kumbe lama sefiweke.Hlantswa mavoko ya wena nkarhi na nkarhi hi xisibi hi mati  yo hlayiseka.Loko u nga si lunghiselela swakudya hlamba mavoko hi nkarhi na nkarhi.Tirhisa swihambukelo leswi tengeke  u  tlhela uswi hlanstwa hi ndlela leyi hlayisekeke.Kholera yinga siveriwa hi ku Chela xilepulana xin’we xa jiki eka xibye xa tilitara timbirhi Kuteni hi virisa mati hingasi ya nwa.Kuhlamba mavoko loko hi huma eswihambukelweni.Hi nga tshiki vana va tlangela eka mati lawa ya nga tengangike naswona vanga tshami eka mbhangu lowu wunga basangiki

===== xaxamelo wa swikombo =====

== &lt;ref&gt;https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholera/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355293&lt;/ref&gt; ==
[[Category:swikombiso]]
[[category:swinene]]
[[category:kholera]]
[[category:nsunsumeto]]</text>
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    <title>MIHANDZU NI MATSAVU</title>
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      <text bytes="1275" sha1="su2k8mm25gzqbilgjnp1xsti9qbp4cx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Municipal Market of São Paulo city.jpg|thumb|xithombhe xa mihandzu]]
'''Matsavu''' na mihandzu I xiphemu xa nkoka xa swakudya leswi ng ani rihanyo, naswona ku hambanahambana swina nkokakufana na nhlayo. Swina nkoka leswku mirhi wa munhu wu a dya handzu kumbe tsavu hambi kova xin'we hi vhiki leswaku mirhi wu tiyela naswona nhlongwe yi tshama yi hlayisekile.

== '''Mihandzu na matsavu swina nkoka e mirhini wa munhu.''' ==
[[File:Fresh fruits and vegetables in 2020 06.jpg|thumb|xithombhe xa mihandzu yo hambanahambana]]
Ku hava mihandzu kumbe matsavu leyi nyikaka swakudya hinkwaswo leswi u swi lavaka leswaku u v ani rihanyo lerinene. U fanele ku day ngopfu siku na siku leswaku mirhi wa wena wuta kula wu tiyile, swakudya leswi fuweke hi matsavu ni mihandzu swinga hunguta nsusumeto wa ngati, swi hunguta na khombo ra mavabyi ya mbilu na  xa khensa.

Ku ni mintlawa ya nhungu yo hambanahambana ya mihandzu na matsavu, yin’wana  na yin'wana yi na mintirho ya yona eka mirhi wa munu. Matsavu ni mihandzu swa pfuna swinene eka mirhi wa munhu. 


&lt;ref&gt;https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/fruit-and-vegetables&lt;/ref&gt; swikombo
[[category:mihandzu na matsavu]]
[[category:Lipompo]]
[[category:ku akiwa ka mirhi]]
[[category:xithombhe xa mihanadzu]]</text>
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    <title>VUTLHOKOVETSERI</title>
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      <text bytes="3349" sha1="lv3o8gis18dqbft07wqoctgbai5lpxu" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Shangaan.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Laha hi laha vutlhokovetseri hi ntolovelo byi humelelaka kona|left]]
Vutlhokovetseri I mphofulo wa vulangi bya miehleketo lowu paluxaka hi mutlhokovetseri mayelana ni nhlokomhaka yo karhi. Vutlhokovetseri I ntirho wa matsalwa lowu eka wona ku paluxiwaka mintlhaveko na miehleketo hi ku tirhisiwa ka switlhokovetselo swa xitayili na ncincancincano wa tindzimi. Vutlhokovetseri byi nga hlamuseriwa tanihi muxaka wa matsalwa lama tirhisaka ririmi ro fanekisela na tindzimana leti vumbiweke hi vukheta ku pfuneta ku pfuxa miehleketo ya vahlayi. [[Vutlhokovetseri]] byi nga tika ku byi hlamusela hikuva ku na milawu yo tala yo hambana (naswona minkarhi yin'wana leyi kanetanaka) leyi nga kona eka byona . Vutlhokovetseri byi paluxa swo tala hi mahanyelo ya vanhu kumbe swiharhi. &lt;ref&gt;Makhuvele kg 2015 - kindly find some information about Vutlhokovetseri - NXOPAXOPO WA - Studocu&lt;/ref&gt;Byi tala ku paluxa swo saseka ka minchumu leyi vanhu va yi tekaka yi bihile tanihi rifu, rifu hi tala ku ri tseketsela hikuva ri siya timbilu ta hina ti tshovekile ni mimoya yi karhele kambe swo nyoxa hi rifu ri hava xihlawuhlawu, a ri na tihlo. Hi tlhelo, vutlhokovetseri byi kota ni ku humesa vubihi hi leswi van'wana va swi vonaka swi xongile no lulama, x''ik: ku ya ekerekeni.'' Ku nghena kereke hi yin'wana ndlela leyi vanhu va yi tekaka leswaku va ta va ekusuhi swinene ni Mumbi kambe vutlhokovetseri byi kota ku paluxa vudyoho lebyi endliwaka endzeni ka tikereke. Hiku angarhela ,vutlhokovetseri i mhaka ya nkoka swinene eka timhaka ta matsalwa. I tsalwa leri [[mutlhokovetseri]] a tirhisaka ririmi ra yena ku phofula leswi nga embilwini ya yena kumbe leswi a nga na swona emiehleketweni ya yena.Mutlhokovetseri u va a paluxa matitwelo ya yena na miehleketo ya yena hi ku tirhisa xitayili na maendlelo ya yena, na nkhuluko wa xitlhokovetselo xexo. Vultlhokovetseri byi kota ku tlhontlha xikanwe ni ku lota miehleketo ya lava rhandzaku ntswamba wa wona.&lt;ref&gt;Microsoft Word - XITSONGA MIND THE GAP (POETRY) - 2020 - 03 FEBRUARY 2020.doc (education.gov.za)&lt;/ref&gt;

'''''xik: Vutlhokovetseri bya Ndhavuko'''''
[[File:History of Tsonga2.jpg|left|thumb|Vutlhokovetseri bya ndhavuko byi kombetela eka swivumbeko swa vutlhokovetseri lebyi nga va kona khale]]
Vutlhokovetseri bya ndhavuko I vuphati xikanwe ni ku ti nyungubyisa hi ndhavuko. lebyi vutlhokovetseri byi bumabumela '''vusaseki bya ndhavuko'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga|Sw'ambalo swa Vatsonga - Wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt; hi ndlela yo phata . Muxaka wa vutlhokovetseri lebyi byi vulavula hi ndlela leyi ndhavuko wu hlawulekeke no hlamarisa hi ndlela yo tsakisa . Mutlhokovetseri u fana na muchayeri, u tirhisa marito yo tsakisa ku vulavula hi ndlela leyi ndhavuko wu nga wukulu ha yona. Wayne Paul (2003;14) u hlamusela vutlhokovetseri bya ndhavuko aku ''“ Traditional poetry refers to poetry forms that have been around for a long time and typically follow a specific structure”'' &lt;ref&gt;Traditional Poetry vs. Modern Poetry | PoetrySoup.com&lt;/ref&gt;,Ntshaho lowu wu tiyisisa leswaku vutlhokovetseri bya ndhavuko byi kombetela eka swivumbeko swa vutlhokovetseri leswi nga va kona khale naswona hi ntolovelo swi landzelela xivumbeko xo karhi.

===== Rheferense =====
[[Category:Vutlhokovetseri]]
[[Category:Ndhavuko]]
[[Category:Tshwane University of Technology]]
[[Category:2024]]</text>
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    <title>Xibedle xa Khensani</title>
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        <username>A. Maluleke Maluleke</username>
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      <text bytes="2395" sha1="gscv7s5qd43haw45bgy3i9a3gvw5fn4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Covid-19 San Salvatore 05.jpg|thumb|xibedlele xa khensani]]
'''Xibedlele xa Khensani''' xi kumekaka eGiyani, Limpopo, I xivandla xa nkoka xa nhlayiso wa rihanyo lexi tirhelaka vaakatiko na tindhawu leti nga ekusuhi. Xi simekiwile hi xikongomelo xo nyika vukorhokeri bya swa vutshunguri bya xiyimo xa le henhla eka vaaki vo hambana, vanhu votala vaya vari eka swiyimo swoka swinga tsakisi kambe  vatlhela emakaya  ya vona vari na rihanyu lerinene.&lt;ref&gt;Concerned group's allegations at Nkhensani hospital dismissed as malicious - Capricorn FM&lt;/ref&gt; 

Eka malembe lawa ya hundzeke, xibedlhele lexi xi kurile no hluvuka, xi ndlandlamuxa switirhisiwa na vukorhokeri bya xona ku fikelela swilaveko swa vaaki lava andzaka.&lt;ref&gt;Concerned group's allegations at Nkhensani hospital dismissed as malicious - Capricorn FM&lt;/ref&gt; Xibedlhele lexi xi tiveka hi ku tinyiketela ka xona ku nyika nhlayiso wa rihanyo lowu fikelelaka eka hinkwavo, ku nga langutiwi xiyimo xa ikhonomi ya vaaki.&lt;ref&gt;bing.com/ck/a?!&amp;&amp;p=bdc1d09b4a2f8b20JmltdHM9MTcyNTA2MjQwMCZpZ3VpZD0zMjEyODgwNC1jNjQ2LTYwOTItMTU4Ny05YjIzYzc2NTYxN2ImaW5zaWQ9NTI3NQ&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=3&amp;fclid=32128804-c646-6092-1587-9b23c765617b&amp;psq=khensani+hospital&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc293ZXRhbmxpdmUuY28uemEvb3Bpbmlvbi9sZXR0ZXJzLzIwMTktMDYtMjAtbmtoZW5zYW5pLWEtaG9ycmlmeWluZy1ob3NwaXRhbC13aGljaC1wZW9wbGUtZmVhci1mb3ItaXRzLXNoYW1ibGVzLw&amp;ntb=1&lt;/ref&gt;Vatirhi vale [[Khensani]] va lehisa mbilu eka swigulana swa vona va khoma kahle loko unwana munhu Aya ari eka xiyimo xo utsandeka naku tirha xan’wa nchumu hi byakwe vanwi endlela.Xibedlele lexi xi nyikelavukorhokeri byo hambanahambana bya vutsunguri, ku katsa nivuhandzuri byo angarhela,vukorhokeri bya  ku veleka,vutshunguri bya vana ni vukorhokeri bya xihatla.Khensani yi hlomisiwile hi ndzawulo ya vavabyi lava nga le hendle leyi nga na vatirhi lavanene,wadi yaku veleka yi tirha hiku hetiseka,va langutana na mavabyi yotala na lama yanga tshungulekiki kufana na [[HIV/AIDS,xifuva chukele]] na manwana.&lt;ref&gt;bing.com/ck/a?!&amp;&amp;p=54351197b661d47dJmltdHM9MTcyNTA2MjQwMCZpZ3VpZD0zMjEyODgwNC1jNjQ2LTYwOTItMTU4Ny05YjIzYzc2NTYxN2ImaW5zaWQ9NTI5Nw&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=3&amp;fclid=32128804-c646-6092-1587-9b23c765617b&amp;psq=khensani+hospital&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWVkcGFnZXMuaW5mby9zZi9pbmRleC5waHA_cGFnZT1vcmdhbmlzYXRpb24mb3JnY29kZT0zMjA2OTI&amp;ntb=1&lt;/ref&gt;

Tirhiferese
[[category:xibedlele]]
[[category:khensani]]
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      <text bytes="1459" sha1="dl0831poau05qq4lhl7htyal25h9c0y" xml:space="preserve">Loko swi ta eka ririmi ra Xitsonga ku na marito man'wana lawa ya twarisiwaka no peletiwa hi ndlela leyi ku nga riki yona. Eka tsalwa leri hi ringeta ku phathunula laha ku phathekeke hi ku lulamisa swihoxo leswi. Hi ta lulamisa swihoxo eka tinhlayo na tin'hweti ta lembe.

== Tinomboro ==
Loko hi twarisa kumbe ku peleta [[tinomboro]] leti landzelaka(6,7 na 9) hi fanele hi tsundzuka leswaku ti hava xitwalwana kumbe mpfumawulo wa /n/. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.vivmag.co.za/archives/10748&lt;/ref&gt;

swikombiso:

Tsevu ematshan'wini ya ntsevu( rito leri ri huma eka rito tsevula leswi vulaka ku pfuka kahari mixo swinene)

Kombo ematshan'wini ya nkombo ( rito leri ri huma eka rito komba/ kombetela hikuva nomboro leyi yi kombisiwa hi ritiho ra xikombankambani leri tirhaka ku komba)

Kaye ematshan'wini ya nkaye ( rito leri ri huma eka rito kayivela ritiho rin'we ku va hi heta xandla)

== Tin'hweti ta lembe ==
Loko swi ta eka tin'hweti ta lembe ku na [[n'hweti]] yin'we leyi na yona yi twarisiwaka kumbe ku peletiwa hi ndlela leyi kku nga riki yona. N'hweti ya vukaye hi nawu yi fanele ku peletiwa kumbe ku twarisiwa handle ka xitwalana kumbe mpfumawulo wa /h/. Xik: Ndzati ematshan'wini ya ndzhati, hi leswi yi ndzatihataka kumbe ku hambinyisa xixikana na ximun'wana.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.masteranylanguage.com/c/b/en/98-Tsonga-MonthsOfYear-Fluency-Test&lt;/ref&gt;

== swikombo ==

[[Category:tin'hweti ta lembe]]
[[Category:xitsonga]]
[[Category:tinomboro]]
[[Category:marito]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ntokoto wa mina mayelana na COVID19 hi lembe ra 2020 eAfika-Dzonga.</title>
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    <id>7256</id>
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      <id>39720</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-09-07T04:05:18Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1730" sha1="7apl6uomz8u1iyaqdymmi1g6b7a384v" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://au.int/en/AUCOVID19ResponseFund |access-date=2024-08-31 |archive-date=2024-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831085040/https://au.int/en/AUCOVID19ResponseFund |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Establishments icon (COVID19.GOV.PH).svg|thumb|Xifaniso xa vanhu va mbale xisirhelelo.]]
Covid19 I vuvabyi lebyi vangiwaka hi xitsongwatsongwana xa '''SARS'''-2-. HI ntolovelo yi hangalaka exikarhi ka vanhu lava hlanganaka swinene. Ku vile lembe ro tika swinene laha vanhu va nga lahlekela hi varhandziwa va vona, van’wana va vabyile swinene nkarhi wo leha ku fikela va hundza misaveni. Vuvabyi lebi byi endlile leswaku tiko ri va hansi swinene hi swa ti mali laha vanhu vo tala van ga hlupheka ku hlayisa mindyangu ya vona na ku tihlayisa hi voxe. Handle ko lahlekeriwa hi varhandziwa vanhu va lahlekeriwe hi mabindzu ya vona laha van ga boheka ku sungula hansi handle ko pfuniwa hi munhu.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://au.int/en/AUCOVID19ResponseFund&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Kalusugan (COVID19.GOV.PH).svg|thumb|Xifaniso xa madokodela.]]


Mina hi nexe '''CIVID19''' yi ndzi kandziyerile hikva a ndzi fanele ku ya xikolweni Kamba hikuva a hi yirisiwile ku ya eswikolweni kumba [[emintirhweni]] a ndzi swi kotaka ku ya exikolweni. A ndzi tshama ndzi chuwile swinene ngopfungopfu loko hi vona mahungu loko nhlayo ya vanhu yo hundza misaveni yi ya henhla. A ku ri na nayiti leyi a hi fanele hi yi tlhavela ku sivela vuvabyi lebyi, vanhu vo tala a vav ula leswaku a swi hlayisekanga ku yi tlhava laha swi nga endla leswaku hi va na ku chava swi&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://au.int/en/AUCOVID19ResponseFund&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swikombiso:
[[Category:Ntokoto mayelana na Xitsongwatsongwana xa SARS-2]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Swihari swa Afrika-Dzonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7257</id>
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      <id>38863</id>
      <parentid>38838</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-08-31T10:14:53Z</timestamp>
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Kuna tinxaka tohambanahambana ta swiharhi laha '''Afrika- Dzonga''', xikombiso hi na swihari leswi va swi vitanaku ti '[['big five'']] ku nga tinghala,tindlopfu,tinyarhi, swo hetelela ku na yingwe. ku tlhela kuva na swihari leswi hanyaku ndzeni ka mati ku nga leswi landzelaka, Tinhlapfi, tingwenya,na tishaka. eAfrika Dzonga kutlhela kuva na tindhawu to hambanahambana laha swiharhi leswi swi hlayisiweke kona, swin'wana swi hlayisiwa eka ti Tiphaki ta Rixaka, yin’wana ya ti Phaka ta Rixaka  i [[Kruger National Park]] leyi kumekaka eLimpopo naswona swin'wana swiharhi swi hlayisiwa ezoo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=zoo&amp;oq=zoo&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQABiPAjIHCAIQABiPAtIBCzE1MzkxMGowajE1qAIIsAIB&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt; Leswaku loko vanhu eAfrika hinkwaro wa Kota  ku ta  vona Swiharhi leswi .

[[File:African elephant (Loxodonta africana) 3.jpg|thumb|xifaniso xa ndlopfu]]

=== '''SWAKUDYA SWA SWIHARHI''' ===
Ku engetela kwalaho tinxaka leti ta swiharhi ti dya tinxaka to hambana ta swakudya. Xikombiso hi na swiharhi leswi dyaka nyama ku nga ti carnivores, na leswi dyaka hinkwaswo nyama na swimilani ku nga ti omnivores,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=Omnivors&amp;oq=Omnivors&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCjE4ODY2ajBqMTWoAgiwAgE&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt;  na leswi dyaku byanyi ntsena ku nga ti herbivores.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=herbivores&amp;oq=herbi&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqDwgBEAAYQxixAxiABBiKBTIGCAAQRRg5Mg8IARAAGEMYsQMYgAQYigUyDAgCEAAYQxiABBiKBTIPCAMQLhhDGLEDGIAEGIoFMg0IBBAuGNQCGLEDGIAEMg0IBRAuGNQCGLEDGIAEMg0IBhAuGNQCGLEDGIAEMgwIBxAAGBQYhwIYgAQyDQgIEAAYgwEYsQMYgAQyBwgJEAAYgATSAQk3MDAzajBqMTWoAgmwAgE&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt; Ti [[carnivores]] ku tala ku va swihari swo hlota. nghala hi yona nxungeto lowukulu eka tinyarhi.

==== '''NXAXAMELO WA SWIKOMBO''' ====
[[category: Swihari swa Afrika-Dzonga]] 
[[category: Kruger National Park]]
[[category: ZOO]]
[[Category: Animals]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Laerskool Kremetart</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7258</id>
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      <id>38887</id>
      <parentid>38873</parentid>
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      <text bytes="1782" sha1="5b01zvgdlnzh2z9xvr79x0my1fm1apb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Map of Limpopo with Greater Giyani highlighted (2011).svg|thumb|Mepe wa Limpopo laha Giyani leyikulu yi kandziyisiweke.]]
'''Laerskool Kremetart''' i xikolo xa le hansi lexi kumekaka edorebeni ra [[Giyani eLimpopo]]. ku tlula magidi ya ntlhanu ya swichudeni swi tsarisile eka xikolo lexi eka malembe ya nkombo lawa hundzeke. Xikolo xa le hansi xa Laerskool xi na vafambisi va ntsevu, lava landzelaka; nhloko ya xikolo yin'we ku nga Tatana [[M.E Chavalala]], vaseketeri vambirhi va nhloko ku nga Tsanwani N.G na Lebeya N.D xitlhela xi va na tinhloko tinharhu ta ndzawulo ku nga B.T Mathebula, H.N Mahlaule na T.H Mchavi. &lt;ref&gt;laerskoolkremetart.co.za&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tidyondzo na mintlangu leyi nyikeriwaka ==
Tidyondzo leti landzelaka ti nyikeriwa eka xiyenge xa masungulo kumbe ''foundation phase;'' xitsonga ririmi ra le kaya, xinghezi tanihi ririmi ro engetela, dyondzo ya vuswikoti bya vutomi na tinhlayo. eka xiyenge xa le xikarhi kumbe ''intermidiate phase'', tidyondzo leti nyikiwaka hileti landzelaka; sayense ya ntumbuluko na thekinoloji, xitsonga ririmi ra le kaya, xinghezi tanihi hi ririmi ro engetela, vuswikoti bya vutomi, tinhlayo na sayense ya ntshamisano. Laerskool yi hetelela hi ku nyika tidyondzo leti landzelaka ta xiyenge xa le henhla kumbe ''senior phase''; xitsonga ririmi ra le kaya, xinghezi tanihi ririmi ro engetela, tidyondzo ta vutshila, tidyondzo ta vuswikoti bya vutomi, sayense ya ntshamisano, tidyondzo ta ikhonomi na sayense ya vufambisi, sayense ya ntumbuluko na thekinoloji xikanwe na tinhlayo. 

Mintlangu leyi nyikeriwaka hi leyi landzelaka, netball, athletics, bolo ya milenge na mintlangu ya ndzhavuko.

== Rheferense ==
[[Category:Kremetart]]
[[Category:xikolo xa le hansi xa Giyani]]
[[Category:Indegenious games]]
[[Category:Tidyondzo]]</text>
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    <title>Embteni leisure and entertainment</title>
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      <comment>Bobbyshabangu moved page [[Embteni leisure and entertainment]] to [[Embiteni leisure and entertainment]]: Fixed a spelling mistake. </comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Nelspruit</title>
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      <comment>Bobbyshabangu moved page [[Nelspruit]] to [[Mbombela]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Mujeko wa tiko</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1241796676|National flag]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1270" sha1="i4051v8mpzjtlzkf74b99ppivmyje7x" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flickr_-_…trialsanderrors_-_Johnson's_new_chart_of_national_emblems,_1868.jpg|thumb|''Chati leyintshwa ya Johnson ya swifaniso swa tiko'', leyi kandziyisiweke {{Circa|1868}} . Mijeko leyikulu leyi kombisiweke emakhoneni i mujeko wa tinyeleti ta 37 wa United States (lowu hahaka hi 1867–1890), ehenhla eximatsini; Royal Standard ya United Kingdom, ehenhla, exineneni; Xiyimo xa Mfumo xa le Rhaxiya, ehansi eximatsini; ni tricolore ya Xifurwa leyi nga ni swilo leswi nghenisiweke Imperial Eagle, ehansi exineneni. Ku kombisiwa mimfungho yin’wana yo hambana-hambana leyi hahaka hi swikepe. Mujeko wa Cuba wu tsariwile &quot;Cuban (so called) &quot;. Dragona ya le Chayina leyi nga eka Mujeko wa Chayina yi dirowiwile hi xihoxo tanihi dragona ya le vupela-dyambu .]]
'''Mujeko wa tiko''' i mujeko lowu yimelaka no fanekisela rixaka leri nyikiweke . Yi fambisiwa hi [[hulumendhe]] ya tiko rero, kambe yi nga ha fambisiwa ni hi vaaki va rona . Mujeko wa tiko hi ntolovelo wu endliwe hi tinhlamuselo to karhi ta mihlovo na swikombiso swa wona, leswi nga ha tlhelaka swi tirhisiwa hi ku hambana na mujeko tanihi xikombiso xa rixaka. Ndlela leyi mujeko wa tiko wu endliweke ha yona minkarhi yin’wana ya cinciwa endzhaku ka loko ku humelele swiendlakalo swa nkoka swa matimu.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mbhetsa Academy of Science Maths and Technology</title>
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      <text bytes="2013" sha1="7830b9gl9xnhlytbr997e7mthu1u4ya" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Stylised atom with three Bohr model orbits and stylised nucleus.svg|thumb|Tidyondzo ta sayense]]
'''Mbhetsa Academy''' i xikolo xa le henhla xa sayense, tinhlayo na thekinoloji lexi kumekaka emugangeni wa [[Makgakgapatse]] exifundzheni xa Mopani eLimpopo. &quot;[[Mbhetsa&quot;]] i khamphani leyi nga tirheliki ku endla mali leyi simiweke hi lembe ra 2018 naswona i nhlangano lowu pfumeleriweke wa Vuyelo bya Vaaki. &lt;ref&gt;https://mbhetsaacademy.co.za/&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kharikhulamu leyi nyikeriwaka ==
Tidyondzo leti landzelaka ti nyikiwa eka xiyenge xa le henhla xa dyondzo ''[[senior phase]]'' eka ti giredi ta nhungu na nkaye'';'' xitsonga ririmi ra le kaya na Sepedi ririmi ra le kaya, Xinghezi tanihi ririmi ro engetela, tidyondzo to kongomosi eka swa vutomi, tinhlayo, sayense ya ntumbuluko, sayense ya ntshamisano (ku katsa na tidyondzo ta matimu na ntivo misava), thekinoloji, tidyondzo ta vutshila byo tumbuluxa (ku katsa drama na vuyimbeleri) xikanwe na tidyondzo ta sayense ya vufambisi bya ikhonomi. 

Kasi eka giredi ya khume na khumembirhi ku tirhisiwa kharikhulamu ya [[STEM]] eka vukorhokeri bya dyondzo yo ya emahlweni na ndzetelo. ku nyikiwa tidyondzo leti landzelaka; Xitsonga ririmi ra le kaya na Sepedi ririmi ra le kaya, xinghezi tanihi ririmi ro engetela, tidyondzo to kongomisa eka swa vutomi, tinhlayo, sayense ya nyama na thekinoloji ya mahungu. ku ngetela eka sweswo, mudyondzi u fanekele ku hlawula eka tidyondzo leti landzelaka; xibalo kumbe tidyondzo ta ikhonomi kumbe tidyondzo ta mabindzu kumbe sayense ya vutomi kumbe sayense ya vurimi.

== Mintlangu leyi nyikeriwaka ==
Ntlangu wa bolo ya milenge, thenisi, netball, volleyball na basketball. Mbhetsa Academy yi tlhela yi hlanganisa machudeni hi ku va ya tinghenelerisa eka swipano swa timagazini, swipano swa njhekanjhekisano, swipano swa ku khoda na tirhoboto, swipano swa chess xinkanwe na vuhangalasi bya mahungu bya vutshila.


== Swikombo ==
[[category:Mbhetsa]]
[[category:STEM]]
[[category:xikolo xa le henhla]]
[[category:sayense]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Riphabliki ra Dominican</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2024-09-01T01:04:13Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Intermy</username>
        <id>10794</id>
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      <text bytes="13682" sha1="hfv30cs18xvc4zqlc4nvx3la8wv3ehb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tiko|conventional_long_name=Dominican Republic|common_name=the Dominican Republic|native_name={{native name|es|República Dominicana}} &lt;br/&gt;''Kiskéya'' ([[Ciguayo language|Ciguayo]])|image_flag=Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg|national_motto={{native phrase|es|&quot;Dios, Patria, Libertad&quot;|italics=off|nolink=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;God, Homeland, Freedom&quot;&lt;!--&lt;ref name=embassy/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot;/&gt;--&gt;|national_anthem=''[[National Anthem of the Dominican Republic|Quisqueyanos valientes]]''&lt;br /&gt;{{raise|0.2em|''Valiant Quisqueyans!''&amp;nbsp;{{lower|0.2em|&lt;!--end lower:--&gt;}}&lt;!--end raise:--&gt;}}&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.5em;&quot;&gt;{{center|[[File:Dominican Republic National Anthem.ogg]]}}&lt;/div&gt;|image_map=Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg|image_map2=|capital=[[Santo Domingo]]|coordinates={{Coord|19|00|N|70|40|W|type:city}}|largest_city=capital|official_languages=[[Dominican Spanish|Spanish]]|languages2=''[[#Languages|See below]]''|languages2_type=Other spoken languages|ethnic_groups_year=2021|ethnic_groups={{vunblist
| 73.9% [[Mixed Dominicans|Mixed]]
| 17.8% [[White Dominicans|White]]
| 7.8% [[Afro-Dominicans|Black]]
| 3.2% other 
}}|ethnic_groups_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;ONE-Encuesta-Autopercepcion&quot;&gt;{{cite book |date=September 2021|location=Santo Domingo |title=Breve Encuesta Nacional de Autopercepción Racial y Étnica en la República Dominicana |publisher=Oficina Nacional de Estadística de la República Dominicana|url=https://dominicanrepublic.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/encuesta_nacional_de_autopercepcion_racial_y_etnica_en_rd_100322.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318165141/https://dominicanrepublic.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/encuesta_nacional_de_autopercepcion_racial_y_etnica_en_rd_100322.pdf |archive-date=2022-03-18 |url-status=live|page=25|access-date=3 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;|religion={{unbulleted list | 
{{Tree list}}
*66.7% [[Christianity]]
**44.3% [[Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic|Catholicism]] 
**21.3% [[Protestantism]]
**1.1% other [[Christians|Christian]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| 29.6% [[Irreligion in Latin America|no religion]]
| 1.7% [[Religion in the Dominican Republic|other]]
| 2.0% unspecified
}}|religion_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA Factbook&quot;&gt;{{cite web |access-date=January 22, 2021 |title=Dominican Republic |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominican-republic/ |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |archive-date=July 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730042746/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominican-republic/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|religion_year=2018|demonym=[[People of the Dominican Republic|Dominican]]&lt;br /&gt;Quisqueyan (colloquial)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA239 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Dominican Republic |first=Eric Paul |last=Roorda |date=April 28, 2016 |publisher=[[Rowman &amp; Littlefield]] |via=Google Books |isbn=9780810879065 |access-date=December 20, 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111005659/https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA239#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|government_type=Unitary [[presidential system|presidential republic]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot;/&gt;|leader_title1=[[President of the Dominican Republic|President]]|leader_name1=[[Luis Abinader]]|leader_title2=[[Vice President of the Dominican Republic|Vice President]]|leader_name2=[[Raquel Peña de Antuña]]|legislature=[[Congress of the Dominican Republic|Congress]]|upper_house=[[Senate of the Dominican Republic|Senate]]|lower_house=[[Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic|Chamber of Deputies]]|sovereignty_type=[[History of the Dominican Republic|Formation]]|established_event1=[[Republic of Spanish Haiti|Ephemeral Independence]]|established_date1=1821–1822|established_event2=[[First Republic (Dominican Republic)|First Republic]]|established_date2=1844–1861&lt;ref name=MoyaPons-18AGO1863&gt;{{cite book |title=Historia de la República Dominicana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wor3UqsHkToC&amp;q=Espa%C3%B1a |publisher=Ediciones Doce Calles, S.L. |year=2010 |isbn=978-84-00-09240-5 |access-date=July 1, 2013 |page=409 |ref=En este ambiente de agravios, lpa revolución para restaurar la República estalló el 16 de agosto de 1863 en un poblado de la frontera norte con Haití y recibió amplio apoyo en toda la región del Cibao, como era conocida el norte del país, desafecto a Santana por muchas razones. Campesinos y comerciantes tenían sobrados motivos para aborrecerlo y España no había cumplido con las expectativas soñadas por los dominicanos. En poco No, el país se dividió en dos: los españoles sostenían las regiones sur y este con Santo Domingo de capital, y todo el norte defendía la restauración, con Santiago a la cabeza. |archive-date=January 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111005659/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wor3UqsHkToC&amp;q=Espa%C3%B1a#v=snippet&amp;q=Espa%C3%B1a&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|established_event3=[[Second Republic (Dominican Republic)|Second Republic]]|established_date3=1865–1916&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=II República Dominicana|url=https://html.rincondelvago.com/ii-republica-dominicana.html|publisher=Rincon del Vago|date=January 20, 2013|access-date=January 20, 2013|archive-date=December 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204032047/http://html.rincondelvago.com/ii-republica-dominicana.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|established_event4=[[Third Republic (Dominican Republic)|Third Republic]]|established_date4=1924–1965&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=12 de julio de 1924, una fecha relegada al olvido|url=http://www.diariolibre.com/opinion/lecturas/12-de-julio-de-1924-una-fecha-relegada-al-olvido-APDL348392|publisher=Diario Libre|date=August 18, 2012|access-date=September 24, 2014|archive-date=October 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015215308/http://www.diariolibre.com/opinion/lecturas/12-de-julio-de-1924-una-fecha-relegada-al-olvido-APDL348392|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=La Tercera República: La fragua de nuestra contemporaneidad|url=https://hoy.com.do/la-tercera-republica-la-fragua-de-nuestra-contemporaneidad/|publisher=Hoy|date=May 11, 2013|access-date=May 11, 2013|archive-date=December 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204024853/http://hoy.com.do/la-tercera-republica-la-fragua-de-nuestra-contemporaneidad/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|established_event5=Fourth Republic|established_date5=1966–present&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=|last=|title=Cuarta República (1966-presente)|url=http://hechoshistoricosrd.blogspot.com/2015/07/cuarta-republica-1966-presente.html?m=1|publisher=Hechos Históricos Republica Dominicana|date=2015|access-date=July 13, 2015|archive-date=December 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221181856/http://hechoshistoricosrd.blogspot.com/2015/07/cuarta-republica-1966-presente.html?m=1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|area_km2=48,671|area_rank=128th|area_sq_mi=&lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;|percent_water=0.7&lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot;/&gt;|population_estimate={{increase}} 11,434,005&lt;ref name=&quot;Dominican Republic Macrotrends&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/DOM/dominican-republic/population#:~:text=The%20current%20population%20of%20Dominican,a%201.07%25%20increase%20from%202020. |title=Macrotrends Historical Population Database, 2024. (DO) |website=macrotrends.net |date=1 January 2024 |access-date=1 January 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101193303/https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/DOM/dominican-republic/population#:~:text=The%20current%20population%20of%20Dominican,a%201.07%25%20increase%20from%202020. |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_estimate_year=2024|population_estimate_rank=88th|population_density_km2=220|population_density_sq_mi=501.5 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;|population_density_rank=65th|GDP_PPP={{increase}} $294.562 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.DO&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=243,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (DO) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 |archive-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012190629/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=243,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|GDP_PPP_year=2024|GDP_PPP_rank=64th|GDP_PPP_per_capita={{increase}} $27,231&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.DO&quot; /&gt;|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=67th|GDP_nominal={{increase}} $127.913 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.DO&quot; /&gt;|GDP_nominal_year=2024|GDP_nominal_rank=64th|GDP_nominal_per_capita={{increase}} $11,825&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.DO&quot; /&gt;|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=74th|Gini=37 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|Gini_year=2022|Gini_change=decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|Gini_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;WBgini&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=DO | title=World Bank Open Data }}&lt;/ref&gt;|Gini_rank=|HDI=0.766|HDI_year=2022 &lt;!--Please use the year in which the HDI data refers to and not the publication year--&gt;|HDI_change=increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|HDI_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=13 March 2024|page=289|access-date=13 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;|HDI_rank=82nd|currency=[[Dominican peso]]&lt;ref name=&quot;embassy&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626100357/http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |title=Embassy of the Dominican Republic, in the United States |access-date=February 27, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;|currency_code=DOP|time_zone=Atlantic Standard Time|utc_offset=&amp;nbsp; – 4:00&lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot;/&gt;|utc_offset_DST=|time_zone_DST=|drives_on=Right|calling_code=[[Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic|+1-809, +1-829, +1-849]]|cctld=[[.do]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot;/&gt;|footnote_a=|footnotes=Sources for area, capital, coat of arms, coordinates, flag, language, motto and names:&amp;nbsp;{{lower|0.4em|&lt;ref name=embassy/&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;For an alternate area figure of {{cvt|48,730|km2}}, calling code 809 and Internet TLD:&amp;nbsp;{{lower|0.4em|&lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot;/&gt;}}}}
&lt;references /&gt;
'''Riphabliki ra Dominican''' {{efn|{{IPAc-en|d|ə|ˈ|m|ɪ|n|ᵻ|k|ən}} {{Respell|də|MIN|ik|ən}}; {{lang-es|República Dominicana}}, {{IPA|es|reˈpuβlika ðominiˈkana|pron|ES-pe - República Dominicana.ogg}}}} i tiko [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|ra Amerika N’walungu]] leri kumekaka exihlaleni xa Hispaniola exihlaleni xa Greater Antilles xa Lwandle ra Kharibiya, leri rhendzeriweke hi Lwandle ra Atlantic en’walungwini. Yi teka swiphemu swa ntlhanu wa vutsevu swa le vuxeni bya xihlala lexi, leswi yi swi avelana na Haiti,   leswi endlaka leswaku Hispaniola yi va xin’wana xa swihlala swimbirhi ntsena swa le Kharibiya, kun’we na [[Saint Martin]], leswi avelaniwa hi matiko mambirhi lama tifumaka . I tiko ra vumbirhi hi vukulu eAntilles hi vukulu (endzhaku ka Cuba ) hi {{Convert|48671|km2|sqmi}}, naswona i ya vumbirhi hi vukulu hi nhlayo ya vaaki, laha ku nga ni vanhu va kwalomu ka 11,4 wa timiliyoni hi 2024, laha kwalomu ka 3,6 wa timiliyoni ta vona va tshamaka endhawini ya doroba-nkulu ra Santo Domingo, ku nga doroba-nkulu.   

Vanhu va kwalaho va le Taíno a va tshame eHispaniola vanhu va le Yuropa va nga si fika, va ri avanyisa hi tihosi ta ntlhanu .  [[Christopher Columbus]] u teke xihlala lexi a ya eCastile, a fika a dzima kona eka riendzo rakwe ro sungula hi 1492 . &lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot; /&gt; Koloni ya Santo Domingo yi ve ndhawu yo sungula ya vutshamo byo sungula bya nkarhi hinkwawo bya le Yuropa eAmerika . Hi 1697, Spain ri amukele vulawuri bya Mafurwa eka xiphemu xa vunharhu xa le vupela-dyambu bya xihlala lexi, lexi veke Mfumo wo Sungula lowu tiyimeleke wa Haiti hi 1804. &lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot; /&gt; Ntlawa wa vanhu va le Dominican wu hlongole holobye wa Spain exiluvelweni ivi wu tivisa ntshunxeko eka Spain hi November 1821, &lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot; /&gt; kambe wu tekiwe hi Haiti hi February 1822. Ntshunxeko wu ve kona endzhaku ka malembe ya 22 hi 1844, &lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot; /&gt; endzhaku ko hlula eka Nyimpi ya Ntshunxeko ya le Dominican . Eka malembe ya 72 lawa ya landzeleke, Dominican Republic yi langutane na tinyimpi to hlaya ta xin’wana-manana, ku hlaseriwa loku tsandzekeke hi Haiti, na ku tlhelela swa xinkarhana eka xiyimo xa vukoloni bya Spain, loko yinga se hlongola ma Spanish hi laha kunga heriki hi nkarhi wa Dominican War of Restoration ya 1863–1865.    Ku sukela hi 1930, vulawuri bya tihanyi bya Rafael Leónidas Trujillo byi fume ku fikela loko a dlayiwa hi 1961. &lt;ref name=&quot;CIADemo&quot; /&gt; Juan Bosch u hlawuriwile ku va muungameri hi 1962 kambe u hlongoriwile exiluvelweni hi ku hluriwa ka mfumo hi masocha hi 1963 . Nyimpi ya le Dominican Civil War ya 1965 yi landzeriwe hi vulawuri bya vulawuri bya Joaquín Balaguer (1966–1978 na 1986–1996). Ku sukela hi 1978, Riphabliki ra Dominican ri ye eka xidemokirasi lexi yimelaka . 

Riphabliki ra Dominican ri ni ikhonomi leyikulu swinene eKharibiya naswona ri ni ikhonomi ya vunkombo eLatin Amerika .
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vuhosi bya Qing</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1243026760|Qing dynasty]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8358" sha1="i2sc0o7durhgguyv8zksfzo4318ap55" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tiko|native_name={{native name list|tag1=zh|name1=大清|tag2=mnc|name2={{ManchuSibeUnicode|lang=mnc|ᡩᠠᡳ᠌ᠴᡳᠩ&lt;br /&gt;ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ|style=text-align:left}}}}|conventional_long_name=Great Qing|demonym=[[Chinese people|Chinese]]|ethnic_groups={{hlist|[[Han Chinese|Han]]|[[Hmong people|Hmong]]|[[Manchus]]|[[Mongols]]|[[Tibetans]]|[[Uyghurs]]|''[[Ethnic groups in Chinese history|others]]''}}|image_flag=Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg|flag_type=[[Flag of the Qing dynasty|Flag]] (1889–1912)|flag_border=no|other_symbol='''Imperial seal:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{lang|zh-Hant|大清帝國之璽}}&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Seal of Qing dynasty.svg|85px]]|image_map=Qing dynasty in 1760.svg|anthem={{ubl|{{lang|zh-hant|鞏金甌}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Cup of Solid Gold]]&quot; (1911–1912){{pb}}{{center|[[File:Gǒng Jīn'ōu.ogg]]}}}}|capital={{ubl|{{nowrap|[[Shenyang]] (1636–1644){{efn|{{zh|c=盛京|p=Shèngjīng|links=no}}; {{Lang-mnc|m={{ManchuSibeUnicode|lang=mnc|ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠨ}}|v=Mukden|a=Mukden}}; capital after 1625 for Later Jin, secondary capital after 1644.}}}}|{{nowrap|[[Beijing]] (1644–1912)}}{{efn|{{Lang-mnc|m={{ManchuSibeUnicode|lang=mnc|ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ}} |v=Beging|a=Beging}}; primary capital afterwards}}}}|largest_city=Beijing|official_languages={{hlist|[[Manchu language|Manchu]]{{sfnp|Söderblom Saarela|2021}}|{{nowrap|[[Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)|Mandarin Chinese]]{{sfnp|Norman|1988|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wOPArZVCk-wC&amp;q=official%20language 133–134]}}}}}}|government_type=[[Absolute monarchy]]{{efn|Briefly a [[constitutional monarchy]] in 1911-1912.}}|legislature={{ubl|{{nowrap|[[Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers|Deliberative Council]]&lt;br /&gt;(1636–1733)}}{{pb}}|{{nowrap|[[Advisory Council (Qing dynasty)|Advisory Council]]&lt;br /&gt;(1910–1912)}}}}|religion={{hlist|[[Confucianism]]|[[Buddhism]] {{hlist|class=inline|[[Chinese Buddhism|Chinese]]|[[Buddhism in Mongolia|Mongolian]]|[[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan]]}}|[[Taoism]]|[[Chinese folk religion]]|[[Shamanism]] {{hlist|class=inline|[[Hmong customs and culture#Shamanism|Hmong]]|[[Manchu shamanism|Manchu]]|[[Mongolian shamanism|Mongolian]]}}|[[Christianity in China#17th to 18th centuries|Christianity]]|[[Islam in China|Islam]]|''[[Religion in China#Qing dynasty|others]]''}}|currency={{hlist|[[Qing dynasty coinage|Cash]]|[[Tael]]|[[Paper money of the Qing dynasty|Paper money]]}}}}

'''Ndyangu wa vuhosi wa Qing''' ( {{IPAc-en|tʃ|ɪ|ŋ}} {{respell|ching}} ), ximfumo '''Qing Lonkulu''', {{efn|For other names, see [[Names of the Qing dynasty]].}} a ku ri ndyangu wa vuhosi wa China lowu a wu kongomisiwa hi Manchu naswona a ku ri ndyangu wo hetelela wa vuhosi ematin’wini ya China . Vuhosi lebyi, lebyi tivisiweke eShenyang hi 1636,  byi teke vulawuri bya [[Beyijingi|Beijing]] hi 1644, leswi tekiwaka tanihi masungulo ya vulawuri bya ndyangu wa vuhosi. &lt;ref name=&quot;StartYear&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; {{sfnp|Rowe|2009|p=292}}     Vuhosi lebyi byi hete ku fikela hi 1912, loko byi hluriwile eka Nkutsulo wa Xinhai . Eka matimu ya Machayina, ndyangu wa vuhosi wa Qing wu rhangele hi ndyangu wa vuhosi wa Ming naswona wu tlhandlamiwe hi Riphabliki ra China . Ndyangu wa vuhosi wa Qing lowu nga ni tinxaka to hambana-hambana wu hlengelete ndhawu ya tiko ra Chayina ra manguva lawa . A ku ri mfumo lowukulu swinene wa vuhosi ematin’wini ya le Chayina naswona hi 1790 a ku ri mfumo wa vumune hi vukulu ematin’wini ya misava hi ku ya hi vukulu bya ndhawu. Leswi a ku ri ni vaaki vo tlula 426 wa timiliyoni hi 1907, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=2–3}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBroomhall1907&quot;&gt;Broomhall, Marshall (1907). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; a ku ri tiko leri nga ni vaaki vo tala swinene emisaveni hi nkarhi wolowo.

Nurhaci, murhangeri wa Yindlu ya Aisin-Gioro na vassal ya Ming dynasty, &lt;ref name=&quot;chv9&quot;&gt;The Cambridge History of China: Volume 9, The Ch'ing Empire to 1800, Part 1, by Willard J. Peterson, p. 29&lt;/ref&gt; {{sfnp|Rowe|2009|pp=14–15}} u hlanganise tinxaka ta Jurchen (leyi tivekaka endzhaku tani hi Manchus) kutani a simeka Later Jin dynasty hi 1616, a tshika vuhosi bya Ming. N’wana wakwe Hong Taiji u tivisiwa tanihi Mufumi wa Qing Leyikulu hi 1636. Loko vulawuri bya Ming byi ri karhi byi hahluka, vaxandzuki va varimi va teke ntsindza wa Ming eBeijing, kambe jenerala wa Ming u pfulele vuthu ra Qing Shanhai Pass, leri hluleke vaxandzuki, ri teka ntsindza, ivi ri teka hulumendhe hi 1644 ehansi ka Mufumi wa Shunzhi ni hosi yakwe ya hosi . Ku lwisana kusuka eka mimfumo ya Ming rump xikan’we na Revolt of the Three Feudatories swi hlwerile ku hlula hiku hetiseka kufikela hi 1683. Tanihi mufumi wa Manchu, Mufumi wa Kangxi (1661–1722) u tiyisisile vulawuri, a tsakela ntirho wa mufumi wa Confucius, a seketela [[Vubhuda|Vubudha]] (ku katsa na Buddhism ya Tibetan ), a khutaza vutivi, nhlayo ya vaaki na ku kula ka ikhonomi.  Vatirhela-mfumo va le Han a va tirha ehansi ka vatirhela-mfumo va le Manchu kumbe hi ku fambisana na vona. Ku hlayisa ndhuma eka vaakelani va yona, Qing yi tirhise naku cinca maendlelo ya tributary lawa ya tirhisiweke hi ti dynasties ta khale, leswi endleke leswaku kuva na ku ya emahlweni ka vulawuri eka timhaka ta diplomatic na matiko yale matlhelo ya yona kufana na Joseon Korea na dynasty ya Lê e Vietnam, loko ya ri karhi ya ndlandlamuxa vulawuri bya yona eka Inner Asia kukatsa na Tibet, Mongolia na Xinjiang .

Nguva ya le henhla ya Qing yi fikelele nhlohlorhi ya yona hi nkarhi wa ku fuma ka Mufumi wa Qianlong (1735–1796), loyi a rhangeleke Matshalatshala ya Khume Lamakulu yo hlula, naswona hi yexe u langute tiphurojeke ta ndhavuko wa Confucius . Endzhaku ka rifu rakwe, ndyangu wa vuhosi wu langutane ni ku xandzuka endzeni ka tiko, ku kavanyeteka ka ikhonomi, vukungundzwana bya ximfumo, ku nghenelela ka matiko mambe ni ku kanakana ka vanhu lava tlakukeke va Confucius ku cinca mianakanyo ya vona. Hi ku rhula ni ku humelela, vaaki va tlakuke va ya eka 400 wa timiliyoni, kambe swibalo ni mali leyi hulumendhe yi yi kumaka swi vekiwile hi mpimo wa le hansi, hi ku hatlisa leswi endleke leswaku ku va ni xiphiqo xa timali. Endzhaku ka ku hluriwa ka China eka Tinyimpi ta Opium, mimfumo ya vukoloni ya le Vupeladyambu yi sindzise mfumo wa Qing ku sayina mintwanano leyi nga ringaniki, yi va nyika malunghelo yo xaviselana, ku va ehandle ka ndhawu na swikepe swa mintwanano ehansi ka vulawuri bya vona. Ku pfukela ka Taiping (1850–1864) na ku pfukela ka Dungan (1862–1877) evupela dyambu bya China swi endle leswaku ku fa vanhu vo tlula 20 wa timiliyoni, hikwalaho ka ndlala, mavabyi na nyimpi. Ku Vuyeteriwa ka Tongzhi hi va-1860 ku tise ku cinca lokukulu ni ku nghenisiwa ka thekinoloji ya masocha ya le matikweni mambe eka Nhlangano wo Titiyisisa . Ku hluriwa eka Nyimpi yo Sungula ya China na Japani hi 1895 swi endle leswaku ku lahlekeriwa hi vulawuri bya Korea ni ku nyikiwa Taiwan eka Japani . Ndzhundzunuko wa Masiku wa Dzana lowu a wu ri ni xikongomelo lexikulu hi 1898 wu ringanyete ku cinca ka xisekelo, kambe Hosi ya Xisati Dowager Cixi (1835–1908) u yi tlherisele endzhaku hi ku hlula mfumo .

Hi 1900 &quot; Vaboxi &quot; lava lwisanaka na matiko mambe va dlaye Vakreste vo tala va Machayina ni varhumiwa va matiko mambe; hi ku rihisela, mimfumo ya matiko mambe yi hlasele tiko ra Chayina ivi yi veka mali yo xupula . Hi ku hlamula, hulumendhe yi sungule ku cinca loku nga si tshamaka ku va kona eka swa timali ni ka vulawuri, ku katsa ni nhlawulo, nawu lowuntshwa wa nawu ni ku herisiwa ka fambiselo ra swikambelo . Sun Yat-sen na vapfukeri va ndzhundzunuko va kanetile hi vatirhela mfumo va ku cinca na vaseketeri va vuhosi va vumbiwa vofana na Kang Youwei na Liang Qichao mayelana na ndlela yo hundzula mfumo lowu fumiwaka hi Manchu wuva mfumo wa Han wa manguva lawa. Endzhaku ka rifu ra Mufumi wa le Guangxu na Cixi hi 1908, vaseketeri va Manchu ehubyeni va sivele ku cinca naswona va hambanise vahundzuluxi ni vanhu lava tlakukeke va kwalaho hi ku fanana. Ku pfukela ka Wuchang hi ti 10 Khotavuxika 1911 ku yise eka Nkutsulo wa Xinhai . Ku tshikiwa ka Mufumi wa Xuantong hi ti 12 February 1912 swi endle leswaku ndyangu lowu wa vuhosi wu hela. Hi 1917, yi vuyeleriwile swa xinkarhana eka xiendlakalo lexi tivekaka tani hi Manchu Restoration, kambe leswi aswi amukeriwanga hi mfumo wa Beiyang (1912–1928) wa Republic of China kumbe matiko ya misava.</text>
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    <title>Sayense ya tikhompyuta</title>
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'''sayense ya tikhompyuta''' i dyondzo ya masungulo ya thiyori ya mahungu na xibalo na ku tirhisiwa na ku tirhisiwa ka swona eka tisisiteme [[Khompuyuta|ta khompyuta]] . Sayense ya tikhompyuta i endlelo ra sayense na leri tirhaka eka xibalo na matirhiselo ya swona na dyondzo leyi hlelekeke ya ku koteka, xivumbeko, ku paluxiwa na ku tirhisiwa ka michini ya maendlelo (kumbe [[tialgorithm]] ) hi xisekelo yi tirha tanihi xisekelo xo hlengeleta, ku yimela, ku lulamisa, ku hlayisa, ku vulavurisana na ku fikelela mahungu. Nhlamuselo yin’wana, yo olova ya sayense ya tikhompyuta i dyondzo ya maendlelo ya algorithmic ya xiothomethi lawa ya nga tekeleriwa hi xikalo lexikulu. Mutivi wa tikhompyuta i mutivi wa dyondzo ya xibalo ni ku endliwa ka [[Hệ thống tính toán|tisisiteme ta xibalo]] . 

Sayense ya tikhompyuta yi katsa tidyondzo to tala letitsongo; Tidyondzo tin’wana ti kongomisa eka matirhiselo yo karhi lama tirhaka yo fana na swifaniso swa khompyuta, kasi tin’wana ti kongomisa eka swihlawulekisi swa xisekelo swa swiphiqo swa xibalo swo fana na thiyori ya ku rharhangana ka xibalo . Nakambe ku na tidyondzo tin’wana leti dyondzaka swiphiqo eku tirhiseni ka tindlela ta xibalo. Xikombiso, nsimu ya thiyori ya ririmi ra minongonoko yi dyondza tindlela to hambana to hlamusela xibalo, kasi nsimu ya minongonoko yi dyondza hi matirhiselo ya tindzimi ta minongonoko na tisisiteme leti rharhanganeke, naswona nsimu ya ku tirhisana ka vanhu -muchini yi kongomisa eka ntlhontlho wo endla tikhompyuta na khomphyuta leswi pfunaka, naswona swa olova ku swi tirhisa, eka vatirhisi hinkwavo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tiko leri hluvukaka</title>
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      <text bytes="129" sha1="ktov396i3oar1klh9gwcilcrkcbivq6" xml:space="preserve">alt=Bản đồ thế giới|thumb|Mepe wa misava lowu hlawulaka '''index ya nhluvukiso wa vanhu''' (leyi sekeriweke eka datha ya</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mugerho wa Suez</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:vi:Special:Redirect/revision/70851610|Kênh đào Suez]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1239" sha1="shkwfuo8fvotvu9t268jw7lk6hmktuq" xml:space="preserve">[[Tập_tin:Dynamap_suez.png|thumb|250x250px|Mepe wa Mugerho wa Suez]]

'''Suez Canal''' i mugerho wo endliwa wo famba lowu kumekaka ensin’wini [[Gibita|ya Egipta]], lowu tsutsumaka en’walungwini ku ya edzongeni wu tsemakanya [[Eo Suez|Suez Strait]] en’walungu-vuxa bya Egipta, wu hlanganisa [[Lwandle ra Meditera|Lwandle ra Mediteraniya]] ni Suez Canal Gulf of Suez, voko ra Lwandle ro Tshwuka .

Mugerho lowu wu nyika ndlela yo koma eka swikepe leswi hundzaka hi le swikepe [[Yuropa|swa le Yuropa]] na Amerika ku ya eka swikepe swa le dzongeni wa [[Axiya|Asia]], swikepe swa le vuxeni [[Afrika|bya Afrika]] na Oceania . Ku akiwa ka mugerho lowu ku sungule hi [[Dzivamusoko|April]] 25, 1859 naswona ku hetiwe hi [[Hukuri|November]] 17, 1869 . Loko yi hetiwa, Mugerho wa Suez wu ta leha tikhilomitara ta 193,30, xiphemu xa wona xo koma swinene i 60 m, naswona ku enta ka wona i 24 wa timitara, leswi ringaneke ku amukela swikepe leswikulu swa tithani ta 250 000 . Ndlela yo leha ya 164&amp;nbsp;Khilomitara leyi yi cince hi laha ku nga heriki matimu ya vutleketli bya le lwandle bya matiko ya misava, yi pfuna swikepe ku papalata ku famba hi le makumu ya le dzongeni wa Afrika, leswi hunguteke mpfhuka hi 6,000 wa tikhilomitara.&amp;nbsp;km.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nxaxamelo wa matiko ya Afrika hi ku ya hi nhlayo ya vaaki</title>
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      <text bytes="9256" sha1="l0gadhlzkqh07m6nkbs7t6zv1f4wv00" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Africa_population_density,_2019.jpg|thumb|Mepe wa density wa Afrika]]

Leyi i '''nxaxamelo wa matiko ya Afrika na ku titshega hi ku tala ka vaaki''' eka vaaki/km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; . [[Saint Helena]], leswi yi nga ekusuhi swinene na [[Afrika]], yi katsiwile. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Xiyimo xa le henhla
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Tiko kumbe nsimu
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Rendzo
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ndhawu
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nhlayo ya vaaki (2015 est.)
|-
!inh./km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
!inh./mi2
!km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
!mi2
|-
|— 
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Mayotte Island|Mayotte]] (France)
|{{convert|641.7|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|374|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|240,000
|-
|1
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Mauritius]]
|{{convert|624.0|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|2,040|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|1,273,000
|-
|2
| align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Rwanda]]
|{{convert|440.8|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|26,338|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|11,610,000
|-
|3
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Burundi]] 
|{{convert|401.7|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|27,830|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|11,179,000
|-
|4
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Comoros]]
|{{convert|363.1|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|2,170|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|788,000
|-
|— 
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Réunion]] (France)
|{{convert|342.8|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|2,512|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|861,200
|-
|5
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Seychelles]]
|{{convert|211.0|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|455|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|96,000
|-
|6
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Nigeria]]
|{{convert|197.2|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|923,768|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|182,202,000
|-
|7
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[São Tomé and Príncipe]]
|{{convert|189.8|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,001|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|190,000
|-
|8
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Gambia]]
|{{convert|176.2|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|11,300|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|1,991,000
|-
|9
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Uganda]]
|{{convert|165.4|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|236,040|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|39,032,000
|-
|10
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Malawi]]
|{{convert|145.3|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|118,480|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|17,215,000
|-
|11
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Cabo Verde]]
|{{convert|129.2|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|4,033|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|521,000
|-
|12
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Togo]]
|{{convert|128.6|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|56,785|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|7,305,000
|-
|13
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Ghana]]
|{{convert|114.5|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|239,460|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|27,410,000
|-
|14
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Benin]]
|{{convert|96.6|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|112,620|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|10,880,000
|-
|15
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Egypt]]
|{{convert|91.4|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,001,450|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|91,508,000
|-
|16
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Sierra Leone]]
|{{convert|89.9|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|71,740|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|6,453,000
|-
|17
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Ethiopia]]
|{{convert|88.2|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,127,127|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|99,391,000
|-
|18
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Kenya]]
|{{convert|79.0|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|582,650|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|46,050,000
|-
|19
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Senegal]]
|{{convert|77.1|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|196,190|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|15,129,000
|-
|20
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Morocco]]
|{{convert|77.0|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|446,550|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|34,378,000
|-
|21
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Eswatini]]| (Swaziland)
|{{convert|74.1|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|17,363|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|1,287,000
|-
|22
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Côte d'Ivoire]]
|{{convert|70.4|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|322,460|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|22,702,000
|-
|23
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Lesotho]]
|{{convert|70.3|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|30,355|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|2,135,000
|-
|24
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Tunisia]]
|{{convert|68.8|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|163,610|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|11,254,000
|-
|25
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Burkina Faso]] 
|{{convert|66.0|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|274,200|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|18,106,000
|-
|26
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Tanzania]]
|{{convert|56.6|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|945,087|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|53,470,000
|-
|27
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Guinea]]
|{{convert|51.3|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|245,857|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|12,609,000
|-
|28
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Guinea-Bissau]]
|{{convert|51.1|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|36,120|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|1,844,000
|-
|29
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Cameroon]]
|{{convert|49.1|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|475,440|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|23,344,000
|-
|30
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[South Africa]]
|{{convert|44.7|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,219,912|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|54,490,000
|-
|31
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Eritrea]]
|{{convert|43.1|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|121,320|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|5,228,000
|-
|32
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Madagascar}}
|{{convert|41.3|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|587,040|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|24,235,000
|-
|33
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Liberia}}
|{{convert|40.4|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|111,370|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|4,503,000
|-
|34
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Zimbabwe]]
|{{convert|39.9|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|390,580|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|15,603,000
|-
|35
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Djibouti}}
|{{convert|38.6|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|23,000|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|888,000
|-
|36
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Mozambique]]
|{{convert|34.9|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|801,590|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|27,978,000
|-
|37
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|{{convert|32.9|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|2,345,410|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|77,267,000
|-
|38
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Equatorial Guinea}}
|{{convert|30.1|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|28,051|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|845,000
|-
|39
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Sudan}}
|{{convert|21.6|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,861,484|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|40,235,000
|-
|40
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Zambia}}
|{{convert|21.5|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|752,614|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|16,212,000
|-
|41
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Angola}}
|{{convert|20.1|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,246,700|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|25,022,000
|-
|42
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|South Sudan}}
|{{convert|19.2|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|644,329|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|12,340,000
|-
|43
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Somalia}}
|{{convert|16.9|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|637,657|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|10,787,000
|-
|44
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Algeria]]
|{{convert|16.7|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|2,381,740|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|39,667,000
|-
|45
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Niger}}
|{{convert|15.7|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,267,000|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|19,899,000
|-
|46
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Mali}}
|{{convert|14.2|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,240,000|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|17,600,000
|-
|47
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Republic of the Congo}}
|{{convert|13.5|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|342,000|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|4,620,000
|-
|48
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Chad]]
|{{convert|10.9|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,284,000|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|14,037,000
|-
|—
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} (UK)
|{{convert|19.6|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|394|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|7,729
|-
|49
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Central African Republic}}
|{{convert|7.9|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|622,984|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|4,900,000
|-
|50
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Gabon}}
|{{convert|6.4|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|267,667|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|1,725,000
|-
|51
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Mauritania}}
|{{convert|3.9|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,030,700|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|4,068,000
|-
|52
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Botswana}}
|{{convert|3.8|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|600,370|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|2,262,000
|-
|53
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{Country|Libya}}
|{{convert|3.6|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|1,759,540|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|6,278,000
|-
|54
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Namibia]]
|{{convert|3.0|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|825,418|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|2,459,000
|-
|—
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Western Sahara]]
|{{convert|2.2|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|266,000|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|573,000
|-
|—
| align=&quot;left&quot; |'''''AVERAGE/TOTAL'''''
|{{convert|39.1|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|{{convert|30,360,301|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|1,186,178,255
|}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jimmy Uso</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-09-20T02:55:59Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Astrid Xavi</username>
        <id>10951</id>
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      <text bytes="2192" sha1="rdxx83n8h1z1il4fplgq8x6i0wfgmq8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox President|name=Jimmy Uso|image=Jimmy Uso 2024 (cropped).jpg|caption=Jimmy Uso in 2024|birthname=Jonathan Solofa Fantu  }}'''Jonathan Solofa Fatu''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 22 ta August 1985) i mutlangi wa xiphurofexinali wa le [[Amerika]] . Sweswi u sayiniwile eka [[WWE]], laha a tlangaka ehansi ka vito ra ring '''Jimmy Uso''', naswona hikokwalaho ka xiyimo xa yena xa &quot;free agent&quot;, anga endla ku humelela eka brands ya [[Raw]] na [[SmackDown]], kambe sweswi anga tirhi hikokwalaho ka ku vaviseka lokunga paluxiwangiki. U hete nkarhi wo tala wa ntirho wa yena na makwavo wa yena wa mawele Jey Uso tani hi The Usos . I xirho xa ndyangu wa ndhuma wa wrestling wa Anoaʻi . Rixaka ra yena ra ngati ri katsa tata wa yena Rikishi, muzala wa yena Roman Reigns na vamalume va yena lavakulu va Wild Samoans .

U leteriwe kusukela evuhlangini hi tata wa yena, WWE Hall of Famer Rikishi, Fatu u sungule ku tlanga eka ndzhawu ya WWE ya nkarhi walowo ya nhluvukiso Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) hi 2010, naswona u wrestled tani hi Jimmy Uso etlhelo ka makwavo wa yena wa mawele, Jey tani hi The Uso Brothers laha vanga hundzuka FCW Florida Tag Tinghwazi ta Xipano . Yena na Jey va rhurhiseriwe eka nxaxamelo lowukulu endzhaku ka lembe rero. Loko va ha ri eka nxaxamelo lowukulu, yena na Jey va lawuriwe hi muzala wa vona Tamina Snuka na nsati wa Jimmy, [[Naomi]] . 

Hi nkarhi wa yena tani hi xiphemu xa The Usos, etlhelo ka Jey, Fatu uwine sagwadi ro khoma rhekhodo ya ku fuma ko leha swinene ka vumpfampfarhuti bya tag team ya xinuna eka matimu ya WWE eka masiku ya 622, leswi swi hetisisiweke eka ku fuma ka vona ka vuntlhanu hi WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship .  Hi ku angarhela i tinhenha ta tag team ta tsevu eka WWE, va teke WWE Raw Tag Team Championship kanharhu naswona va hlule Sagwadi ra Slammy ra Tag Team of the Year eka 2014 na 2015. Hi lembe ra 2017, va hlule eka SmackDown Tag Team Championship eka minkarhi yinharhu, ku landzela ku fuma ka vumune hi 2019 na ku fuma ka vuntlhanu hi 2021. I xipano xo sungula ku hlula eka Raw na SmackDown Tag Team Championships naswona i xipano xo sungula ku va khoma hi nkarhi wun'we tanihi Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Goodbye Lullaby</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2024-09-20T01:27:14Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="2647" sha1="6l1ozxmdxo78vhdiq7l523o4ouyzusw" xml:space="preserve">'''''Goodbye Lullaby''''' i alibamu ya vumune ya studio hi xiyimbeleri na mutsari wa tinsimu wa le [[Canada Avril Lavigne]] . Yi humesiwile emisaveni hinkwayo hi March 2, 2011 hi ku tirhisa [[RCA Records]] . Minkarhi yo rhekhoda alibamu leyi yi sungurile hi Nyenyankulu 2008 naswona yi ye emahlweni eka nkarhi wa kwalomu ka malembe mambirhi, yi hela hi Khotavuxika 2010. ''Goodbye Lullaby'' ngopfu ngopfu i alibamu ya pop rock naswona yi tekiwa tani hi rhekhodo yo ti languta swinene kusuka eka Lavigne loko yi pimanisiwa na swilo swa yena swa khale, leswi vumbiwaka ngopfu hi swichayachayana leswi hluvuriweke swofana na [[piyano]] na katara ya acoustic . Lavigne u teke xiave xa nkoka eka vuhumelerisi bya alibamu naswona u tsarile swin’we na risimu rin’wana na rin’wana ro sungula eka ''Goodbye Lullaby'', xikan’we na ku tirhisana na vahumelerisi vo hlayanyana ku katsa na Max Martin, Shellback, Butch Walker, na khale ka nuna wa yena Deryck Whibley . ''Goodbye Lullaby'' i alibamu ya vunharhu na yo hetelela ya Lavigne ya studio na RCA, endzhaku ka ''[[The Best Damn Thing]]'' (2007) na ''[[Under My Skin]]'' (2004).

Loko yi humesiwa, ''Goodbye Lullaby'' hi ntolovelo yi amukerile swibumabumelo swo hambana hambana kusuka eka vaxopaxopi va vuyimbeleri, laha van’wana va yi thyeke vito ra alibamu ya yena ya munhu hi xiyexe na ku ti languta loko van’wana va teke mhaka ya mpfumawulo wa yona lowu hungutekeke na nhundzu ya Lavigne ya vuyimbeleri. Alibamu leyi yi sungule endzeni ka ntlhanu wa le henhla eka matiko yo tlula 15 yo fana na [[Amerikha|United States]] na [[Khanada|Canada]] (laha ku sukela kwalaho yi nga tiyisisiwa nsuku) naswona yi ve ehenhla ka tichati eka matiko yo tlula tsevu, ku fana na [[Ostraliya|Australia]], [[Greece]], Hong Kong na [[Japani|Japan]] .

''Goodbye Lullaby'' yi xavise tikopi ta 1.5 wa timiliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo ku sukela hi 2013.  Ti single tinharhu ti humesiwile eka ''Goodbye Lullaby'' . &quot; What the Hell &quot; yi humesiwile tani hi single yo rhangela hi Ndzhati 2011 naswona yi fikelerile ku humelela eka tichati ta misava hinkwayo, yi fika eka 20 wa le henhla eUnited States na United Kingdom, khume ra le henhla eYuropa na Australia na ntlhanu wa le henhla eAsia. Ti single leti landzelaka, &quot; Smile &quot; na &quot; Wish You Were Here &quot;, ti vile na ku humelela loku ringaneleke eka tichati emisaveni hinkwayo. Alibamu leyi yi tlhela yi katsa ndlela leyi andlariweke ya single ya soundtrack ya ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'' (2010), leyi nga na nhlokomhaka leyi nge &quot; Alice &quot;. Lavigne u tlakusile alibamu leyi hi nxaxamelo wa vuyimbeleri byo hanya naswona endzhaku u sungurile eka Black Star Tour (2011).</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Basketball</title>
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      <text bytes="4141" sha1="dj69g3119pucixmakw5bfgzl55sbk0x" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Basketball_pictogram.svg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Tiolimpiki xa basketball]]

'''Basketball''' i ntlangu wa swipano lowu eka wona swipano swimbirhi, leswi hakanyingi ku nga vatlangi va ntlhanu xin’wana ni xin’wana, leswi kanetaka ekhoto ya rectangular, swi phikizanaka hi xikongomelo-nkulu xo duvula basketball (kwalomu ka {{Convert|9.4|in|cm}} hi vukulu) hi ku tirhisa xihuku xa musirheleri (basikiti ra  {{Convert|18|in|cm}} hi vukulu lebyi khandziyiweke {{Convert|10|ft|m}} ehenhla ku ya eka bodo ya le ndzhaku emakumu man’wana na man’wana ya khoto), loko yi ri karhi yi sivela xipano lexi kanetaka ku duvula hi ku tirhisa hoop ya xona. Goli ya le nsin’wini yi ni ntikelo wa tinhla timbirhi, handle ka loko yi endliwe endzhaku ka layini ya tinhla tinharhu, kasi yi ni ntikelo wa tinhla tinharhu. Endzhaku ka foul, ku tlanga loku vekiweke nkarhi ku yima naswona mutlangi loyi a fouliweke kumbe loyi a hlawuriweke ku duvula foul ya xithekiniki u nyikiwa ku hoxa kan’we, timbirhi kumbe tinharhu ta phoyinti yin’we ya mahala . Xipano lexi nga na tinhla to tala eku heleni ka ntlangu xa hlula, kambe loko ntlangu wa milawu wu hela wu ri na nhlayo leyi bohiweke, nkarhi wo engetela wa ntlangu ( nkarhi wo engetela ) wa lerisiwile.

Vatlangi va yisa bolo emahlweni hi ku yi tlula-tlula loko va ri karhi va famba kumbe va tsutsuma (va ri karhi va dribble) kumbe hi ku yi hundzisela eka mutirhi-kulobye, leswi haswimbirhi swi lavaka vutshila lebyikulu. Loko va hlundzuka, vatlangi va nga ha tirhisa swibalesa swo hambana-hambana{{snd}} &amp;#x2013;&amp;#x20;layup, ku tlula-tlula, kumbe dunk ; eka vusirheleri, va nga ha yiva bolo eka dribbler, va khoma mapasi kumbe va sivela swibalesa; either offense or defense may collect a rebound, hi leswaku, xibalesa lexi hundzeriweke hi nkarhi lexi tlulaka ku suka eka rim kumbe backboard. I ku tlula nawu ku tlakusa kumbe ku koka nenge wa munhu wo pivot handle ko dribble bolo, ku yi rhwala, kumbe ku khoma bolo hi mavoko hamambirhi ivi u tlhela u sungula ku dribble .

Vatlangi va ntlhanu eka tlhelo rin'wana na rin'wana va wela eka swiyimo swa ntlhanu swo tlanga . The tallest player is usually the center, the second-tallest and strongest is the power forward, mutlangi wo koma nyana kambe wo hatlisa i lontsongo wa le mahlweni, naswona vatlangi vo koma kumbe lava khomaka bolo kahle i murindzi wo duvula na murindzi wa tiphuinti, loyi tirhisa pulani ya ntlangu wa mudyondzisi hi ku lawula ku hetisisiwa ka mintlangu yo hlasela na yo sirhelela (ku vekiwa ka vatlangi). Hi ndlela leyi nga riki ya xiviri, vatlangi va nga ha tlanga vanharhu eka vanharhu, vambirhi eka vambirhi na un’we eka un’we.

Basketball yi tumbuluxiwe hi 1891 hi mudyondzisi wa ku titoloveta wa le [[Canada-Amerika]] James Naismith eSpringfield, Massachusetts, eUnited States, yi hundzuke yin’wana ya mintlango leyi dumeke swinene ni leyi langutiwaka ngopfu emisaveni.   Nhlangano wa Basketball wa Rixaka (NBA) i ligi ya nkoka swinene ya basketball ya xiphurofexinali emisaveni hinkwayo hi ku ya hi ku duma, miholo, talenta, na mpimo wa mphikizano   (yi teka vunyingi bya titalenta ta yona eka basketball ya le kholichi ya le United States ). Ehandle ka Amerika N’walungu, tikirabhu ta le henhla leti humaka eka tiligi ta tiko ti fanelekela ku ya eka vumpfampfarhuti bya tiko-nkulu to tanihi EuroLeague na Basketball Champions League Americas . Khapu ya Misava ya Basketball ya FIBA na Mphikizano wa Basketball ya Tiolimpiki ta Vavanuna i swiendlakalo leswikulu swa matiko ya misava swa ntlangu lowu naswona swi koka rinoko ra swipano swa rixaka swa le henhla ku suka emisaveni hinkwayo. Tiko-nkulu rin’wana na rin’wana ri khoma mphikizano wa miganga wa swipano swa rixaka, ku fana na EuroBasket na FIBA AmeriCup .

Khapu ya Misava ya Basketball ya Vavasati ya FIBA na Mphikizano wa Basketball ya Tiolimpiki ta Vavasati swi kombisa swipano swa rixaka swa le henhla ku suka eka vumpfampfarhuti bya tikonkulu. Ligi leyikulu ya le Amerika N’walungu i WNBA ( NCAA Women’s Division I Basketball Championship na yona ya tsakeriwa), kasi mintlawa ya matimba swinene ya le Yuropa yi hlanganyela eka EuroLeague Women .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lalisa (albamu yin'we) .</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39040</id>
      <parentid>39039</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-05T13:21:41Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1739" sha1="5vmh008hbdd2a1pey97ex6k1w6j7gjg" xml:space="preserve">'''''Lalisa''''' (stylized in all caps ) i alibamu yo sungula ya single hi muyimbeleri wa rhep, xiyimbeleri na mucinci wa le [[Thailand]] [[Lisa]], xirho xa ntlawa wa vanhwanyana wa le Korea Dzonga Blackpink . Yi humesiwile hi ti 10 ta September 2021, hi [[YG Entertainment]] na Interscope Records . Alibamu leyi i rhekhodo ya hip hop leyi humesiweke hi [[Teddy]], 24, na R.Tee naswona yi amukerile swibumabumelo swo hambanahambana hi vaxopaxopi.

The physical version debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart, yi hundzuka alibamu leyi xavisiwaka ngopfu hi muyimbeleri wa xisati loyi a nga yexe eka matimu ya chati. ''Lalisa'' u tlhele a veka rhekhodo ya ku xavisiwa ka le henhla ka vhiki ro sungula eka swiendlo hinkwaswo swa xisati hi 736,221 wa tikopi leti xavisiweke, loko mutirhi kulobye wa yena [[Jisoo]] a nga si tshovela rhekhodo. Yi tiyisisiwile double platinum hi Korea Music Content Association (KMCA) hi November 2021 hiku xavisa 500,000 wa tikopi, naswona endzhaku yi tiyisisiwile triple platinum hi August 2023 hiku xavisa 750,000 wa tikopi.

&quot; Lalisa &quot; yi humesiwile tani hi lead single hi siku leri album yi humesiweke ha rona. Risimu leri ri sungule eka nomboro ya vumbirhi eka ''Billboard'' Global 200 na nomboro ya 84 eka US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 . Risimu ra B-side &quot; Money &quot; ri rhumeriwile eka US contemporary hit radio hi ti 9 ta Nyenyankulu endzhaku ka ku humelela ka rona hi xitsongwatsongwana naswona ri fikelele nhlohlorhi eka nomboro ya 10 eka ''Billboard'' Global 200 na nomboro ya 90 eka US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Hi lembe ra 2023, ''Lalisa'' u kumile Guinness World Record hiku va alibamu yosungula hi solo K-pop artist ku fikelela biliyoni yin’we ya swihambukelo eka [[Spotify]].

[[Category:Thailand]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Billboard Hot 100</title>
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      <text bytes="9801" sha1="g61x4uqxqwo5sajakwujt8hosdkrr5p" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Billboard_Hot_100_logo.svg|thumb|240x240px|Logo ya sweswi ''ya Billboard'' Hot 100]]

'''''Billboard'' Hot 100''' i chati ya tirhekhodo ta xiyimo xa le henhla ta indasitiri ya vuyimbeleri [[Amerikha|eUnited States]] ya tinsimu, leyi kandziyisiwaka vhiki na vhiki hi magazini ''wa Billboard'' . Swiyimo swa tichati swi sekeriwe eka ku xavisiwa (ka xiviri na ka xidijitali), ku khuluka ka inthanete, na ku tlangiwa ka moya eka xiya-ni-moya eUS &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|date=May 1, 2018|title=Billboard Finalizes Changes to How Streams Are Weighted for Billboard Hot 100 &amp; Billboard 200|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8427967/billboard-changes-streaming-weighting-hot-100-billboard-200|access-date=August 4, 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=January 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129082928/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8427967/billboard-changes-streaming-weighting-hot-100-billboard-200}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Chati leyintshwa yi hlengeletiwa no humesiwa eka inthanete eka vaaki hi webusayiti ya ''Billboard'' hi Ravumbirhi kambe yi post-date ku ya fika hi Mugqivela lowu landzelaka, loko magazini lowu kandziyisiweke wu fika ro sungula eka switolo swa maphephahungu.  Nkarhi wo landzelerisa vhiki na vhiki eka ku xavisiwa sweswi i Ravuntlhanu–Ravumune, endzhaku ko cinciwa hi Nhlangula 2015. Ekusunguleni akuri Musumbhunuku–Sonto loko [[Nielsen]] yisungula ku landzelerisa ku xavisiwa hi 1991. Nkarhi lowu wo landzelerisa wu tirha na le ka ku hlengeleta datha ya ku khuluka ka inthanete. Radio airplay yi kumeka hi ku olova hi nkarhi wa xiviri, ku hambana na tinhlayo ta ku xavisiwa na ku khuluka, kambe yi tlhela yi landzelerisiwa eka xirhendzevutani lexi fanaka xa Ravuntlhanu–Ravumune, ku sungula ku tirha hi chati ya siku ra July 17, 2021.  Khale, xiya-ni-moya a xi landzelerisiwa hi Musumbhunuku–Sonto naswona, emahlweni ka Nhlangula 2015, Ravunharhu–Ravumbirhi.  

Risimu ro sungula ra nomboro yin'we ya ''Billboard'' Hot 100 a ku ri &quot; Poor Little Fool &quot; hi Ricky Nelson, hi August 4, 1958.  Ku sukela eka nkandziyiso wa vhiki leri heleke hi September 21, 2024, ''Billboard'' Hot 100 yi vile na 1,174 wa swiyenge swo hambana swa nomboro yin’we. Risimu ra sweswi ra nomboro yin'we eka chati i &quot; [[A Bar Song (Tipsy)]] &quot; hi [[Shaboozey]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/shaboozey-a-bar-song-tipsy-ties-decade-hot-100-number-one-16-weeks/|title=Shaboozey's 'A Bar Song (Tipsy)' Ties Decade's Longest Hot 100 Rule With 16th Week at No. 1|last=Trust|first=Gary|magazine=Billboard|date=November 4, 2024|access-date=November 4, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
.

== Matimu ==

[[File:1958_Billboard_Hot_100_logo.svg|thumb|Ku vuyeleriwa ka khale ka logo]]
Chati yosungula leyi kandziyisiweke hi ''Billboard'' akuri &quot;Last Week's Ten Best Sellers Among the Popular Songs&quot;, nxaxamelo wa vuyimbeleri bya sheet lebyi xavisiwaka ngopfu, hi July 1913. Tichati tin’wana a ti xaxamete tinsimu leti dumeke leti tlangiwaka etiholweni ta mintlango ni le ka ti- recital. Hi 1928, &quot;Popular Numbers Featured by Famous Singers and Leaders&quot; yi humelerile, leyi engeteleke vuyimbeleri bya [[radio]] eka vuyimbeleri bya munhu hi xiyexe. Hi ti 4 ta Ndzhati 1936, magazini wa Billboard wu humesile &quot;Ten Best Records for Week Ending&quot;, leyi xaxamete 10 wa tirhekhodo leti xavisiwaka ngopfu ta tikhamphani tinharhu leti rhangelaka ta tirhekhodo, tani hi leswi swi vikiweke hi tikhamphani hi toxe. Hi October 1938, nxaxamelo wa nxopaxopo, &quot;The Week's Best Records&quot;, wu thyiwile vito lerintshwa ra &quot;The Billboard Record Buying Guide&quot; hi ku katsa ku xavisiwa ka airplay na vuyimbeleri bya swichayachayana, leswi eku heteleleni a swi ta va ndzavisiso wo sungula wa mabindzu wa ku duma ka tirhekhodo.  Leswi swi endle leswaku ku va na &quot;Billboard Music Popularity Chart&quot; ya pheji hinkwayo ya vhiki leri heleke hi July 20, 1940, naswona yi kandziyisiwile eka nkandziyiso wa July 27, na minxaxamelo leyi katsaka ku tlanga ka jukebox, ku xavisiwa ka vuxavisi, ku xavisiwa ka vuyimbeleri bya swichayachayana, na ku tlanga ka xiya-ni-moya. Ku xaxametiwile tinsimu ta khume ta &quot;Best Selling Retail Records&quot; ya rixaka, leyi a yi ri emahlweni ka chati ya pop ya namuntlha, laha &quot; I'll Never Smile Again &quot; hi [[Tommy Dorsey]] a yi ri ya nomboro yo sungula &lt;ref name=&quot;retail records&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1940/Billboard-1940-07-27.pdf |title=Billboard Music Popularity Chart |page=11 |magazine=Billboard |date=July 27, 1940 |access-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818125047/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/40s/1940/Billboard-1940-07-27.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Ku sukela hi March 24, 1945, chati leyi rhangelaka ya ku duma ''Billboard'' a ku ri ''Honor Roll of Hits'' . Chati leyi yi veke tinsimu leti dumeke swinene ku nga langutiwi muyimbeleri (yi hlanganisile tivhidiyo to hambana ta risimu rin’we hi vayimbeleri vo hambana) hi ku ya hi ku xavisiwa ka tirhekhodo na maphepha, disk jockey, na vuyimbeleri bya jukebox tanihilaha swi vekiweke hakona hi ndzavisiso wa vhiki na vhiki ''Billboard'' wa tiko hinkwaro. Eku sunguleni ka nguva ya rock hi 1955, a ku ri na tichati tinharhu leti a ti pima tinsimu hi ti metric ta munhu hi xiyexe: 

* ''Best Sellers in Stores'' a ku ri chati ya vaxavisi lavakulu leyi simekiweke ro sungula hi July 1940. Chati leyi yi veke ti single leti xavisaka ngopfu eka switolo swa vuxavisi, tani hi leswi swi vikiweke hi vaxavisi lava kamberiweke etikweni hinkwaro (20 ku ya eka 50 wa swiyimo).
* ''Most Played by Jockeys'' a ku ri chati yo sungula ya ku tlangiwa ka moya ''Billboard'' . Yi veke tinsimu leti tlangiwaka ngopfu eka switichi swa xiya-ni-moya swa le United States, hilaha swi vikiweke hakona hi ti-DJ ta xiya-ni-moya ni switichi swa xiya-ni-moya (swikhundlha swa 20 ku ya eka 25).
* ''Most Played in Jukeboxes'' yi veke tinsimu leti tlangiwaka ngopfu eka ti jukebox eUnited States hinkwaro (20 wa swiyimo). Leyi akuri yin’wana ya tindlela letikulu to pima ku duma ka tinsimu eka xitukulwana lexintshwa xa vayingiseri va vuyimbeleri, tani hileswi switichi swotala swa xiya-ni-moya swi lwisaneke na ku engetela vuyimbeleri bya rock and roll eka minxaxamelo ya swona ya vuyimbeleri kuringana malembe yotala.

Hambi leswi ximfumo tichati hinkwato tinharhu a ti ri na &quot;ndzilo&quot; wo ringana hi ku ya hi nkoka wa tona, ''Billboard'' hi ku languta endzhaku yi languta chati ya ''Best Sellers in Stores'' loko yi kombetela eka matirhelo ya risimu loko ku nga si tumbuluxiwa Hot 100.  Eka nkandziyiso wa yona wa November 12, 1955, ''Billboard'' yi kandziyise '''The Top 100''' ro sungula (eka mavhiki ya ndzavisiso lama heleke hi October 26 na November 2).  ''Top 100'' yi hlanganisile swiyenge hinkwaswo swa matirhelo ya single (ku xavisiwa, airplay na ntirho wa jukebox), leswi seketeriweke eka sisiteme ya ti point leyi hi ntolovelo ayi nyika ku xavisiwa (ku xava) ntiko kutlula radio airplay. Nomboro yo sungula eka chati yoleyo a ku ri &quot; Rirhandzu I Nchumu lowu Tlakukeke wo Tala &quot; hi The Four Aces .  The ''Best Sellers in Stores'', ''Most Played by Jockeys'' na ''Most Played in Jukeboxes'' tichati ti ye emahlweni ti kandziyisiwa hi nkarhi wun’we na chati leyintshwa ''ya Top 100'' .

Hi June 17, 1957, ''Billboard'' yi tshike chati ya ''Most Played in Jukeboxes'', tanihi leswi ku duma ka ti- jukebox ku hungutekeke naswona switichi swa xiya-ni-moya swi nghenise vuyimbeleri byo tala lebyi kongomisiweke eka rock eka minxaxamelo ya swona ya swichayachayana. Vhiki ra July 28, 1958, ri vile na tichati to hetelela ''ta Most Played by Jockeys'' na ''Top 100'', leti havumbirhi bya tona a ti ri na Perez Prado 's instrumental version ya &quot; Patricia &quot; leyi tlhandlukaka ehenhla. 

Hi ti 4 ta August 1958, ''Billboard'' yi humese ro sungula chati yin'we leyikulu ya tinsimu hinkwato ta tinxaka hinkwato: ''Hot 100'', laha &quot; Poor Little Fool &quot; hi Ricky Nelson yi nga No. 1 yo sungula.   Hot 100 yi hatle yi va mpimanyeto wa indasitiri naswona ''Billboard'' yi tshike chati ya ''Best Sellers In Stores'' hi October 13, 1958.

Hot 100 yi endliwe hi vateki va mahungu [[Tom Noonan]], [[Paul Ackerman]], na [[Seymour Stein]] ; Stein a nga tsundzuki leswaku i mani loyi a hlawuleke vito leri. 

''Billboard'' Hot 100 ya ha ri mpimanyeto lowu ku duma ka risimu ku pimiwaka ha wona eUnited States. Hot 100 yi vekiwa hi ku ya hi mavonelo ya vayingiseri va radio airplay tanihilaha swi pimiweke hakona hi Nielsen BDS, datha ya ku xavisa leyi hlengeletiweke hi Nielsen Soundscan (hinkwaswo eka vuxavisi na hi xidijitali) na migingiriko ya ku khuluka leyi nyikiwaka hi swihlovo swa vuyimbeleri bya inthanete. 

Kuna tichati to hlaya ta swiphemu leti hoxaka xandla eka xibalo hinkwaxo xa Hot 100. Leti nga ta nkoka swinene hi leti:

* ''Tinsimu ta Radio'' : ''(hi Billboard)'' kwalomu ka 1,000 wa switichi, &quot;leswi vumbiweke hi vanhu lavakulu va manguva lawa, R&amp;B, hip hop, country, rock, gospel, Latin na Christian formats, leswi langutiwaka hi xidijitali tiawara ta makume mbirhi mune hi siku, masiku ya nkombo hi vhiki. Tichati ti vekiwa eka xiyimo xa le henhla.&quot; hi nhlayo ya mavonelo ya vayingiseri ya gross, leyi hlayiweke hi ku cross-referencing minkarhi leyi kongomeke ya radio airplay na data ya vayingiseri va Arbitron .&quot;
* ''Tinsimu ta Xidijitali'' : Ku xavisiwa ka xidijitali ku landzelerisiwa hi Nielsen SoundScan naswona ku katsiwile tanihi xiphemu xa tindhawu to xavisa ta xihloko.
* ''Tinsimu to Streaming'' : ntirhisano exikarhi ka ''Billboard'', Nielsen SoundScan na National Association of Recording Merchandisers leyi pimaka tinsimu ta le henhla ta xiyanimoya leti khulukaka, tinsimu leti lavekaka na tivhidiyo eka vukorhokeri bya vuyimbeleri bya inthanete lebyi rhangelaka.

==Mintshaho==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tufted jay</title>
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      <text bytes="2276" sha1="7j0sm2f64n5n312tkcga0r34y0037d6" xml:space="preserve">'''Tufted jay''' ( '''''Cyanocorax dickeyi''''' ), leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tani hi painted jay na Dickey’s jay, i muxaka wa xinyenyana xa ndyangu wa ti crow Corvidae . Yi kumeka endhawini leyitsongo ya Sierra Madre Occidental ya Sinaloa, Durango na Nayarit eMexico. Jay leyikulu leyi hambaneke, yina crest ya ntima leyi vonakaka enhlokweni ya yona; nkolo wa wasi wa xivunguvungu, timpapa ni xikandza; xivati xo basa ehenhla ka tihlo ni le marhameni; swiphemu swa le hansi swo basa; ni ncila lowu nga ni xiphemu xo basa. Ku vitaniwa ka yona loku tolovelekeke i ku hatlisa, ku humesa rito ra tinotsi ta mune.

Vuxaka exikarhi ka tufted jay na swirho swin’wana swa muxaka wa ''Cyanocorax'' swive mhaka leyi tsakeriwaka kusukela loko muxaka lowu wu hlamuseriwa rosungula hi 1935. Hikwalaho ka ku fana ka swivono exikarhi ka tufted jay na white-tailed jay, leswimbirhi hi van’wana a swi ehleketiwa leswaku swi yelana swinene. Nkambisiso wa 2010 wa DNA ya mitochondrial wu kombisile leswaku tufted jay yi fambelana swinene na ntlawa wa ti jay ta le Amerika Dzonga, hambi leswi tindzhawu ta tona ti hambanisiweke hi kutlula {{cvt|2000|km|mi}} . Swinga endleka leswaku ti huma eka ancestral jay leyi ayi tshama e Central na South America hinkwayo.

Tufted jay yi tshama emakhwatini ya pine-oak, hakanyingi yi tshama yi ri ehenhla eka xirhendzevutana . Swakudya swa yona swivumbiwa ngopfu hi ti berries na mihandzu, naswona hi mpimo wutsongo switsotswana swofana na katydids . Yi vumba mintlhambi ya ntshamisano leyi rhendzeleke mpatswa wun’we lowu tswalaka, laha mintlhambi yin’wana yi tshamaka swin’we eka tinxaka to hlayanyana. Nkarhi wotswalana wa tufted jay wusungula eku heleni ka March, laha ku vekiwaka clutch ya matandza mambirhi kuya eka ntlhanu eka xisaka lexi akiweke hiku tirhisana hi swirho swa ntlhambi. Tufted jay yi tekiwa yiri ekusuhi na nxungeto hi International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Nhlayo ya yona ya hunguteka, laha ku ringanyetiwaka leswaku kuva na 10,000–20,000 wa vanhu lava vupfeke e nhoveni. Nxungeto wosungula eka ku hanya ka yona i ku onhiwa ka ndzhawu ya vutshamo hikokwalaho ka ku ndlandlamuxiwa ka vurimi xikan’we naku tsemiwa ka makhwati hikokwalaho ka ku tsemiwa ka mirhi xikan’we naku byariwa ka swidzidziharisi .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Armillaria gallica</title>
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      <text bytes="2761" sha1="3rprdaaq2szzzydsrmhvq67unze84uy" xml:space="preserve">'''''Armillaria gallica''''' ( rifana na ''A.&amp;nbsp;bulbosa'' na ''A.&amp;nbsp;lutea'' ) i muxaka wa ti [[mushroom]] ta vulombe eka ndyangu wa Physalacriaceae wa odara ya [[Agaricales]] .  Muxaka lowu i fungus leyi tolovelekeke naswona ya nkoka eka ikholoji leyi bolaka hi tihunyi leyi nga hanyaka tani hi saprobe, kumbe tani hi xitsotswana lexi nga na nkarhi eka vahlayisi va misinya lava tsaneke ku vanga ku bola ka timintsu kumbe butt . Yi kumeka etindhawini [[Ku kufumela|leti kufumelaka]] ta le [[Axiya|Asia]], [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|Amerika N’walungu]] ni le [[Yuropa]]. Muxaka lowu wu endla mimiri ya mihandzu hi yoxe kumbe hi mintlawa emisaveni kumbe tihunyi leti bolaka. Fungi leyi yi nghenisiwile eAfrika-Dzonga handle ko swi xiya. ''Armillaria gallica'' yi vile na taxonomy leyi pfilunganyaka, hikokwalaho ka xiphemu xa swiphiqo swa matimu leswi hlanganeke na swona eka ku hambanyisa exikarhi ka tinxaka ta ''Armillaria'' leti fanaka. Fungus leyi yi amukele nyingiso wa matiko ya misava ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 1990s loko koloni yin’we yin’we leyi tshamaka e khwatini ra Michigan yi vikiwile kuva yi hlanganisa ndzhawu ya {{Convert|15|ha}}, yi tika kwalomu ka {{Convert|9.5|t|kg lb}}, naswona u va ni malembe ya 1 500 hi vukhale. Munhu loyi utiveka ngopfu tani hi &quot;humongous fungus&quot;, naswona i ndzhawu yo koka rinoko ra vaendzi xikan’we naku hlohlotela eka festival ya lembe na lembe leyingana nhlokomhaka ya ti mushroom e Crystal Falls . Minkambisiso ya sweswinyana yi pfuxete malembe ya fungus leyi kuya eka 2,500 wa malembe naswona vukulu bya yona kuya eka kwalomu ka {{Convert|400|t|kg lb}}, ku phindhiwe ka mune eka xiringanyeto xo sungula. 

''Armillaria gallica'' i fungus leyi ngopfu ngopfu yivaka ehansi ka misava, naswona yi humesa mimiri ya mihandzu leyi fikaka kwalomu ka {{Convert|10|cm|in}} hi vukulu, ya muhlovo wotshuka-buraweni, naswona yi funengetiwile hi swiphemu leswintsongo. Ehansi ka ti caps kuna ti gills letinga basa kuya eka creamy kumbe pale orange. Nsinya wungava kuya fika eka {{Convert|10|cm|in}} yo leha, na ring yo basa ya cobwebby leyi avanyisa muhlovo wa nsinya kuva ya pale orange kuya eka buraweni ehenhla, na muhlovo wo dzwihala ehansi. Fungus yi nga endla fambiselo lerikulu ra swivumbeko leswi fanaka ni timitsu ta le hansi ka misava, leswi vuriwaka ti- rhizomorphs, leswi yi pfunaka ku bola hi ndlela leyinene tihunyi leti feke emakhwatini lama nga ni matluka yo anama ni lama pfanganisiweke . Yi vile nhlokomhaka ya ndzavisiso lowukulu wa sayense hikokwalaho ka nkoka wa yona tani hi xitsongwatsongwana xa swimilani, vuswikoti bya yona byo bioluminesce, xirhendzevutani xa yona xa vutomi lebyi nga tolovelekangiki, na vuswikoti bya yona byo vumba tikholoni letikulu na leti hanyaka nkarhi woleha .</text>
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    <title>Neil Armstrong</title>
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      <text bytes="4032" sha1="am38622m6i3zh03hmllzvycxcqbotl1" xml:space="preserve">'''Neil Alden Armstrong''' (Hi ti 5 ta Nhlangula 1930&amp;nbsp;– August 25, 2012) a a ri mutivi wa swilo swa le mpfhukeni wa le Amerika ni munjhiniyara wa swihaha-mpfhuka loyi, hi 1969, a veke munhu wo sungula ku famba eN’wetini . Nakambe a a ri muchayeri wa swihaha-mpfhuka swa le matini, muchayeri wa xihaha-mpfhuka xo ringeta, ni profesa wa le yunivhesiti.

Armstrong u velekiwe ni ku kurisiwa eWapakoneta, Ohio . U nghene eYunivhesiti ya Purdue, a dyondzela vunjhiniyara bya swihahampfhuka, laha Vuthu ra le Matini ra le United States ri hakelaka mali ya yena ya tidyondzo ehansi ka Pulani ya Holloway . U ve mutirhi wa le xikarhi ka xikepe hi 1949 naswona u ve muchayeri wa swihaha-mpfhuka swa le matini hi lembe leri landzeleke. U vone goza eka Nyimpi ya le Korea, a haha xihaha-mpfhuka xa Grumman F9F Panther ku suka eka xikepe xo rhwala swihaha-mpfhuka lexi {{USS|Essex|CV-9|6}} . Endzhaku ka nyimpi, u hete digri ya yena ya bachelor’s ePurdue kutani a va muchayeri wa xihahampfhuka xo ringeta eka National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) High-Speed Flight Station e Edwards Air Force Base eCalifornia. A a ri muchayeri wa phurojeke eka swihaha-mpfhuka swa nyimpi swa Century Series naswona u haha xihaha- mpfhuka xa le Amerika N’walungu xa X-15 ka nkombo. Nakambe a a ri mutekaxiave eka minongonoko ya ku haha hi vanhu exibakabakeni ya Man in Space Soonest na X-20 Dyna-Soar ya Vuthu ra le Moyeni ra le United States.

Armstrong u joyine NASA Astronaut Corps eka ntlawa wa vumbirhi, lowu hlawuriweke hi 1962. U endle ku haha ka yena ko sungula exibakabakeni tanihi xihaha-mpfhuka xa vulawuri bya Gemini 8 hi March 1966, a va mufambisi wo sungula wa swihaha-mpfhuka wa vaaki wa NASA ku haha exibakabakeni. Hi nkarhi wa vurhumiwa lebyi na muchayeri wa xihahampfhuka David Scott, u endle ku vekiwa ko sungula ka swihaha-mpfhuka swimbirhi swa le xibakabakeni ; vurhumiwa byi herisiwile endzhaku ka loko Armstrong a tirhise yin’wana ya mafurha ya yena yo lawula ku nghena nakambe ku tiyisisa roll leyi nga na khombo leyi vangiweke hi thruster leyi khomiweke. Hi nkarhi wa ndzetelo wa ku haha ka vumbirhi ni ko hetelela ka Armstrong exibakabakeni tanihi murhangeri wa Apollo 11, u boheke ku huma eka Movha wa Ndzavisiso wa ku Landing wa N’weti minkarhinyana emahlweni ka ku wa.

Hi July 20, 1969, Armstrong na muchayeri wa xihaha-mpfhuka xa Apollo 11 Lunar Module (LM) Buzz Aldrin va ve vanhu vo sungula ku fika va dzima eN’wetini, naswona hi siku leri landzelaka va hete tiawara timbirhi ni hafu ehandle ka xihaha-mpfhuka xa Lunar Module ''Eagle'' loko Michael Collins a sale endzeni ku rhendzeleka ka n’weti eka Modyuli ya Xileriso xa Apollo ''Columbia'' . Loko Armstrong a sungula ku kandziya ehenhla ka n’weti, u dume hi ku vula a ku: &quot;Lero i goza rin'we leritsongo eka [munhu], ku tlula kun'we lokukulu eka vanhu.&quot;     Yi haxiwe hi ku kongoma eka vahlaleri lava ringanyetiwaka eka 530 wa timiliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo. Apollo 11 akuri ku hlula lokukulu ka US eka Space Race, hiku hetisisa xikongomelo xa tiko lexi ringanyetiweke hi 1961 hi President John F. Kennedy &quot;ya ku veka munhu e N'wetini naku n'wi tlherisela eMisaveni a hlayisekile&quot; loko khume ra malembe lawa yanga se hela. Na Collins na Aldrin, Armstrong u nyikiwile Presidential Medal of Freedom hi President Richard Nixon naswona u amukele 1969 Collier Trophy . President Jimmy Carter u n’wi nyikile Congressional Space Medal of Honor hi 1978, u nghenisiwile eka National Aviation Hall of Fame hi 1979, naswona na khale ka vatirhi kulobye va amukele Congressional Gold Medal hi 2009.

Endzhaku ka loko a tshikile ntirho eka NASA hi 1971, Armstrong u dyondzisile eka Ndzawulo ya Vuinjhiniyere bya Swihahampfhuka eYunivhesiti ya Cincinnati ku fikela hi 1979. U tirhile eka vulavisisi bya timhangu ta Apollo 13 na le ka Khomixini ya Rogers, leyi lavisiseke mhangu ya Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' . Hi lembe ra 2012, Armstrong u file hikwalaho ka swiphiqo leswi vangiweke hi vuhandzuri bya coronary bypass, a ri ni malembe ya 82 hi vukhale.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wendell Willkie</title>
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      <text bytes="4165" sha1="er30eik6dze7aqbulil830550yo3rcq" xml:space="preserve">'''Wendell Lewis Willkie''' (loyi a velekiweke '''Lewis Wendell Willkie''' ; February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) ari gqweta ra le [[Amerika]], mufambisi wa mabindzu na muhlawuriwa wa 1940 wa Republican eka president. Willkie u kombele varhumiwa vo tala va ntsombano tanihi loyi a nga yena ntsena loyi a ngheneleke nsimu ya Riphabliki : hambileswi US a yi nga ri na xihlawuhlawu emahlweni ka Pearl Harbor, u tsakele ku nghenelela lokukulu ka US eka Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava ku seketela Britain ni matiko man’wana lama hlanganeke . Mukaneti wa yena wa Democratic, President wa sweswi Franklin D. Roosevelt, u hlule eka nhlawulo wa 1940 hi kwalomu ka 55% wa vhoti ya vanhu naswona u teke vhoti ya kholichi ya nhlawulo hi ku hambana lokukulu.

Willkie u velekiwe [[eElwood]], [[Indiana]], hi 1892; vatswari va yena havambirhi a va ri magqweta, naswona na yena u ve un’we. U tirhile eka Nyimpi yo Sungula ya Misava kambe a nga rhumeriwanga eFurwa ku fikela emasikwini yo hetelela ya nyimpi, naswona a nga vonanga goza. Willkie u tshame eAkron, Ohio, laha eku sunguleni a thoriweke eka Firestone, kambe u sukile a ya eka feme ya nawu, a va un’wana wa varhangeri va Nhlangano wa Vaavanyisi va le Akron. Ntirho wakwe wo tala a wu yimela tikhampani ta gezi, naswona hi 1929 Willkie u amukele ntirho eDorobeni ra New York tanihi gqweta ra Commonwealth &amp; Southern Corporation (C&amp;S), ku nga khampani leyi khomaka switirhisiwa swa gezi. U tlakusiwile hi xihatla, naswona u vile muungameri wa nhlangano hi 1933. Roosevelt u hlambanyiwile tani hi president wa US endzhakunyana ka loko Willkie a vile nhloko ya C&amp;S, naswona u tivise makungu ya Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) leyi nga ta phakela gezi hiku phikizana na C&amp;S. Exikarhi ka 1933 na 1939, Willkie u lwile na TVA emahlweni ka Congress, etihubyeni, na le mahlweni ka vaaki. Eku heteleleni anga humelelanga, kambe u xavise ndzhawu ya C&amp;S hi nxavo wa kahle, naswona u kumile ku xiximiwa hi vaaki.

Mulweri wa nkarhi wo leha wa Democratic, Willkie u cince ku tsarisiwa ka vandla ra yena kuya eka Republican eku heleni ka 1939. A nga tiyimelanga eka ti primary ta vupresidente ta 1940, kambe u ti veke tanihi xihlawuhlawu lexi amukelekaka eka ntsombano lowu nga pfaleriwangiki. U lave nseketelo eka vapfhumba lava nga tinyiketelangiki, kasi vaseketeri va yena—vo tala va vantshwa—hi ku hiseka va khutaze ku va n’wandla-vuhosi wa yena. Loko mavuthu ya Jarimani ma ri karhi ma ya emahlweni hi le vupela-dyambu bya Yuropa hi 1940, Ma-Republican yo tala a ma nga lavi ku hlawula munhu la tihambanisaka ni van’wana ku fana na Robert A. Taft, kumbe munhu la nga ngheneriki ku fana na [[Thomas E. Dewey]], naswona ma hundzukele eka Willkie, loyi a hlawuriweke eka baloti ya vutsevu. Nseketelo wa Willkie wa mpfuno eka Britain wu wu susile tanihi xivangelo lexikulu eka mphikizano wa yena wo lwisana na Roosevelt, naswona Willkie u tlhele a seketela muungameri eka ku ya evusocheni hi nkarhi wa ku rhula . Vavanuna lava havambirhi va teke swiyimo swo tihambanisa swinene loko mphikizano wu ya eku heleni. Roosevelt u hlule eka theme ya vunharhu leyi nga si tshamaka yi va kona, a teka 38 wa swifundzha swa 48.

Endzhaku ka nhlawulo, Willkie u endle maendzo mambirhi ya le matikweni mambe hi nkarhi wa nyimpi tani hi murhumiwa wa Roosevelt loyi a nga riki wa xivumbeko, naswona tani hi murhangeri wa vito wa vandla ra Republican Party u nyikile president nseketelo wa yena hinkwawo. Leswi swi hlundzukise vahlayisi vo tala va ndhavuko, ngopfu-ngopfu tanihi leswi Willkie a a ya a seketela swivangelo swa ntshunxeko kumbe swa matiko hinkwawo . Willkie u tsutsumele eka nhlawulo wa Republican hi 1944, kambe u nkhinsamile endzhaku ka ku kombisa loku nga ni khombo eka primary ya Wisconsin hi April. Yena na Roosevelt va burisanile hi ku koteka ka ku vumba vandla ra tipolitiki ra ntshunxeko endzhaku ka nyimpi, kambe Willkie u file hi October 1944 loko mianakanyo leyi yi nga si tswala mihandzu. Willkie u tsundzukiwa hi ku nyika Roosevelt mpfuno wa nkoka wa tipolitiki hi 1941, lowu pfuneke muungameri ku pasisa Lend-Lease leswaku a rhumela mphakelo eUnited Kingdom ni le matikweni man’wana lama Tihlanganiseke .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Josephine Butler</title>
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      <text bytes="4180" sha1="64wqwc59kith36vrsph5hbl5g7smw5f" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Josephine_Butler.jpg|alt=Profile of Butler looking to the left|thumb|Butler hi 1851, xifaniso xa [[George Richmond]]]]
'''Josephine Elizabeth Butler''' ( 13 Hukuri 1828&amp;nbsp;– 30 December 1906) a ari mufumi wa xisati wa Munghezi na mupfuxeti wa ntshamisano eka nguva ya Victorian . U endle matshalatshala yo lwela mfanelo ya vavasati yo vhota, mfanelo ya vavasati ya dyondzo yo antswa, ku herisiwa ka ku fihla eka nawu wa [[Britain]], ku herisiwa ka vunghwavava bya vana, ni ku herisiwa ka ku xavisiwa ka vanhu ka vanhwanyana ni vana eka vunghwavava bya le [[Yuropa]] .

Gray u kulele endyangwini lowu fuweke naswona wu hlanganisiweke hi tipolitiki lowu nga na nhluvuko lowu pfuneke ku 1hluvukisa eka yena ripfalo ro tiya ra ntshamisano naswona a khome miehleketo ya vukhongeri hi matimba. U tekane na George Butler, mudyondzisi wa vukhongeri wa Anglican ni mudyondzisi wa xikolo, naswona mpatswa lowu wu ve ni vana va mune, lava wo hetelela wa vona, Eva, a feke a ri karhi a wa hi xisirhelelo. Rifu leri ri ve nkarhi wa ku cinca eka Butler, naswona u dzikise mintlhaveko ya yena eku pfuneni ka van’wana, a sungula eka vaaki va yindlu ya ntirho ya kwalaho . U sungule ku lwela timfanelo ta vavasati eka nawu wa le Britain. Hi 1869 u nghenelerile eka tsima ro herisa Milawu ya Mavabyi lama Tlulelaka, nawu lowu ringeteke ku lawula ku hangalaka ka mavabyi ya rimbewu—ngopfu-ngopfu eka Vuthu ra Britain ni ra Vuthu ra le Matini ra Vuhosi —hi ku sindzisa ku kamberiwa ka vutshunguri ka lava ku hehliwaka leswaku i tinghwavava, endlelo leri a ri hlamuseleke tanihi vuhandzuri kumbe ku pfinyiwa hi nsimbi. Pfhumba leri ri fikelele ku humelela ka rona ko hetelela hi 1886 hi ku herisiwa ka Milawu. Butler u tlhele a vumba International Abolitionist Federation, nhlangano wa le Yuropa hinkwaro leswaku wu lwisana ni maendlelo lama fanaka etikweni-nkulu.

Loko a ri karhi a lavisisa vuyelo bya Mitirho, Butler a a hlamarisiwe hileswi van’wana va tinghwavava a va ri vatsongo ku ringana 12, ni leswaku a ku ri ni ku xavisiwa ka mahlonga ya vanhwanyana ni vana lava humaka eNghilandhi ku ya etikweni-nkulu hi xikongomelo xo xavisa miri. Pfhumba ro lwisana ni ku xavisiwa ka vanhu ri endle leswaku nhloko ya ''{{Lang|be|Police des Mœurs}}'' ya le Belgium yi susiwa ehofisini''[[Category:Articles containing Belarusian-language text]]'', ni ku tengisiwa ni ku pfaleriwa ekhotsweni ka mupfuni wakwe ni vini va tindhawu ta tinghwavava ta 12, lava hinkwavo a va katseka eka bindzu leri. Butler u lwisane na vunghwavava bya vana hi ku pfuniwa hi muhleri wa matshalatshala wa ''The Pall Mall Gazette'', William Thomas Stead, loyi a xave nhwanyana wa malembe ya 13 hi vukhale eka mana wa yena hi £5. Ku vilela loku landzeleke ku endle leswaku ku va na Nawu wo Cinca Nawu wa Vugevenga wa 1885 lowu tlakuseke malembe ya mpfumelelo ku suka eka 13 ku ya eka 16 naswona wu tise magoza yo yimisa vana ku va tinghwavava. Pfhumba ra yena ro hetelela ari ri eku heleni ka malembe yava 1890s, ku lwisana na Contagious Diseases Acts leyi ayi ya emahlweni yi tirhisiwa eka British Raj .

Butler u tsarile tibuku to tlula 90 na swiphephana eka nkarhi wa ntirho wa yena, leswi vunyingi bya swona a swi seketela matshalatshala ya yena, hambi leswi a tlheleke a humesa tibuku ta vutomi bya tata wa yena, nuna wa yena na Catherine wa le Siena . Vufeminisi bya Vukreste bya Butler byi tlangeriwa hi Kereke ya Nghilandhi hi Nkhuvo Lowutsongo, ni hi ku yimela ka yena emafasitereni ya tinghilazi leti nga ni swifaniso swa Kereke ya Anglican ya le Liverpool ni Kereke ya St Olave eDorobeni ra London . Vito ra yena ri humelela eka Xitsundzuxo xa Vahundzuluxi eKensal Green Cemetery, [[eLondon]], naswona Yunivhesiti ya Durham yi thye yin’wana ya tikholichi ta tona vito ra yena. Maendlelo ya yena ya pfhumba ya cince ndlela leyi feminist na suffragists ava fambisa ku lwela ka nkarhi lowu taka, naswona ntirho wa yena wu tise eka ti political milieu mintlawa ya vanhu leyi ayi nga si tshama yi tirha. Endzhaku ka rifu ra yena hi 1906 murhangeri wa feminist Millicent Fawcett u n'wi bumabumerile tani hi &quot;the most distinguished Englishwoman of the nineteenth century&quot;. {{sfn|Fawcett|Turner|1927|p=1}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vincent van Gogh</title>
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      <text bytes="4801" sha1="g6fdcm0gka82f681s3q9sk8r79g9480" xml:space="preserve">'''Vincent Willem van Gogh''' (30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) ari muvalangi wa Dutch [[Post-Impressionist]], un’wana wa vanhu lava dumeke swinene na nkucetelo eka matimu ya vutshila bya le Vupela dyambu. Hi malembe yo tlula khume ntsena, u endle mintirho ya vutshila ya kwalomu ka 2 100, ku katsa ni swifaniso swa oyili swa kwalomu ka 860, leswi vunyingi bya swona swi endleke eka malembe mambirhi yo hetelela ya vutomi bya yena.  Ntirho wa yena wu katsa swifaniso swa misava, vutomi lebyi nga tsekatsekiki, swifaniso swa swifaniso na swifaniso swa yena n'wini, leswi vunyingi bya swona swi tivekaka hi mihlovo yo tiya na ku tirha ka burachi loku hoxeke xandla eka ku tlakuka ka ku kombisa ku kombisa eka vutshila bya manguva lawa . Ntirho wa Van Gogh a wu sungula ku kuma nyingiso wa vaxopaxopi a nga si fa hikwalaho ka ku titlhavela hi xibamu a ri na malembe ya 37.  Hi nkarhi wa vutomi bya yena, i xin’we ntsena xa swifaniso swa van Gogh, ''The Red Vineyard'', lexi xavisiweke. 

Leswi a velekiweke endyangwini wa xiyimo xa le henhla xa le xikarhi, van Gogh u dirowile loko a ha ri n’wana naswona a a ri ni vuxiyaxiya, a a rhulile naswona a a ehleketa, kambe a a kombisa swikombiso swa ku nga tshamiseki emianakanyweni . Loko a ha ri jaha, u tirhe tanihi muxavisi wa vutshila, hakanyingi a a famba-famba, kambe u sungule ku tshikileleka endzhaku ka loko a hundziseriwe eLondon. U hundzukele eka vukhongeri kutani a heta nkarhi a ri murhumiwa edzongeni [[Belgium|wa Belgium]] . Endzhakunyana u khulukele eka rihanyo leri nga riki rinene ni ku va a ri yexe. A a yi tiva swinene mikhuva ya manguva lawa eka vutshila naswona, loko a vuyile na vatswari va yena, u teke ntirho wo penda hi 1881. Makwavo wa yena lontsongo, Theo, u n’wi seketerile hi timali, naswona havambirhi va tshame va tsalelana nkarhi wo leha .

Mintirho yo sungula ya Van Gogh yi vumbiwa ngopfu hi swifaniso leswi nga tsekatsekiki ni swifaniso swa vatirhi va varimi . Hi 1886, u rhurhele eParis, laha a hlanganeke ni swirho swa vutshila bya ''avant-garde'', ku katsa na Émile Bernard na Paul Gauguin, lava a va lava tindlela letintshwa leti tlulaka Impressionism . Hiku hlundzukisiwa e Paris naswona a hlohloteriwa hi moya lowu kulaka wa ku cinca ka vutshila na ntirhisano, hi February 1888, van Gogh u rhurhele e Arles e dzongeni wa Furwa kuya simeka ndzhawu yo wisa ya vutshila na commune. Loko va fika kwalaho, vutshila bya van Gogh byi cincile. Swifaniso swa yena swi sungule ku vonakala naswona u hundzuluxele nyingiso wa yena eka misava ya ntumbuluko, a kombisa mirhi ya mitlhwari ya kwalaho, masimu ya koroni na swiluva swa dyambu . Van Gogh u rhambe Gauguin leswaku a ta n’wi joyina eArles naswona u langutele hi mahlo-ngati ku fika ka Gauguin hi xixika xa 1888.

Van Gogh u khomiwe hi swiendlakalo swa vuvabyi bya mianakanyo ni ku kanganyisa . Hambileswi a a karhateka hi ku tshamiseka ka yena emianakanyweni, hakanyingi a a honisa rihanyo ra yena ra miri, a nga dyi kahle naswona a a nwa ngopfu. Vunghana bya yena na Gauguin byi hele endzhaku ko lwisana ni xirhendzevutana loko, hi ku hlundzuka, a tseme ndleve yakwe ya ximatsi. Van Gogh u hete nkarhi a ri eswibedlhele swa vuvabyi bya mianakanyo, ku katsa ni nkarhi wo karhi eSaint -Rémy . Endzhaku ka loko a humile exibedlhele kutani a rhurhela eAuberge Ravoux eAuvers-sur-Oise ekusuhi na Paris, u ve ehansi ka vukorhokeri bya dokodela wa homeopathic Paul Gachet . Ntshikelelo wa yena wa mianakanyo wu hambete wu ri kona, naswona hi ti 27 Nhlangula 1890, ku tshembiwa leswaku van Gogh u tidlayile hi ku ti duvula exifuveni hi xibamu, naswona u file hikwalaho ka ku vaviseka ka yena endzhaku ka masiku mambirhi.

Ntirho wa Van Gogh wu sungule ku koka rinoko ra vutshila bya vaxopaxopi eka lembe ro hetelela ra vutomi bya yena. Endzhaku ka rifu ra yena, vutshila na xitori xa vutomi bya van Gogh swi khome miehleketo ya vaaki tani hi xikombiso xa vutlhari lebyi nga twisisiwiki, leswi swi vangiwa ngopfu hi matshalatshala ya sesi wa yena wa noni Johanna van Gogh-Bonger .  {{sfnp|McQuillan|1989|loc=9}} Ku tirhisa ka yena mihlovo hi xivindzi, layini yo kombisa na ku cheriwa ka pende hi ndlela yo tiya swi hlohlotele mintlawa ya vutshila bya avant-garde kufana na Fauves na German Expressionists ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 20. Ntirho wa Van Gogh wu humelerile swinene eka vaxopaxopi ni le ka mabindzu eka makume ya malembe lama landzeleke, naswona u hundzuke xifaniso lexi nga heriki xa mianakanyo ya rirhandzu ya mutshila la xanisiweke . Namuntlha, swifaniso swa van Gogh i swin’wana swa swifaniso leswi durhaka swinene emisaveni hinkwayo leswi tshameke swi xavisiwa . Ndzhaka ya yena yi xiximiwa no tlangeriwa hi Van Gogh Museum e Amsterdam, leyi khomaka nhlengeleto lowukulu swinene emisaveni hinkwayo wa swifaniso swa yena na swifaniso swa yena.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Google Chrome</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1246988154|Google Chrome]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1737" sha1="51fqik5wg5ytlnjg8p943r4ijme3im4" xml:space="preserve">'''Google Chrome''' i xitirhisiwa xa webu lexi endliweke hi Google . Yi humesiwile ro sungula hi 2008 eka Microsoft Windows, leyi akiweke hi swiphemu swa software ya mahala ku suka eka Apple WebKit na Mozilla Firefox .  Endzhaku tivhidiyo ti humesiwile ta Linux, macOS, iOS, naswona nakambe ta Android, laha ku nga browser ya ntolovelo.  Xihlamusela-marito xi tlhela xi va xiphemu lexikulu xa ChromeOS, laha xi tirhaka tanihi pulatifomo ya switirhisiwa swa webu .

Vunyingi bya khodi ya xihlovo ya Chrome yi huma eka phurojeke ya software ya mahala na ya xihlovo lexi pfulekeke ya Google Chromium, kambe Chrome yi na layisense tanihi freeware ya vulawuri . &lt;ref name=&quot;TOS&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; WebKit was the original rendering engine, kambe Google yi hetelele yi yi forokile ku tumbuluxa njhini ya Blink ;  tinxaka hinkwato ta Chrome handle ka iOS ti tirhise Blink ku sukela hi 2017. 

Mufambisinkulu wa Google Eric Schmidt khale a a katseka eka &quot; tinyimpi ta browser &quot;, xiphemu xa matimu ya mabindzu ya le United States, naswona u kanete ku ndlandlamuxiwa ka khamphani eka ndhawu leyintshwa swonghasi. Hambiswiritano, vasunguri-kulobye va Google Sergey Brin na Larry Page va rhangele nkombiso wa software lowu susumeteleke Schmidt ku endla Chrome yi va nchumu wa nkoka eka bindzu, leswi endleke leswaku ku humelela eka swa mabindzu. &lt;ref name=&quot;wsj&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|deadurl=Julia Angwin}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAngwin2009&quot;&gt;[[Julia Angwin, ku vula ka yena|Angwin, Julia]] (July 9, 2009). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Hikwalaho ka ku andza ka Chrome, Google yi ndlandlamuxe vito ra brand ra &quot;Chrome&quot; eka switirhisiwa swin'wana. Leswi a swi katsi ChromeOS ntsena kambe na Chromecast, Chromebook, Chromebit, Chromebox na Chromebase .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Apollo 11</title>
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      <text bytes="9476" sha1="253o6i9a46rx4nda77ykx1gu5j55y3n" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Apollo 11 insignia.png|thumb|Beji ya Apollo 11]]
'''Apollo 11''' a ku ri xihaha-mpfhuka lexi a xi fambisiwa hi [[Amerikha|United States]] ku sukela hi July 16 ku ya eka July 24, 1969. A ku ri ro sungula ematin'wini leswaku vanhu va fika va tshama 
[[File:Aldrin Apollo 11 original.jpg|thumb|[[Buzz Aldrin]] on the Moon eka xifaniso lexi tekiweke hi [[Neil Armstrong]], loyi anga voniwa eka visor reflection xikan’we na Misava, [[Lunar Module Eagle]], na mujeko wa [[Amerikha|U.S]]]]
[[N'weti|eN'wetini]] . Commander [[Neil Armstrong]] na Lunar Module Pilot [[Buzz Aldrin]] va wisa [[Apollo Lunar Module]] ''[[Eagle]]'' hi July 20, 1969, hi 20:17 [[UTC]], naswona Armstrong u vile munhu wosungula ku kandziya ehenhla ka N’weti endzhaku ka tiawara ta tsevu na timinete ta 39, hi July 21 hi 02:56 UTC. Aldrin u n’wi  joyinile endzhaku ka timinete ta 19, naswona va hete kwalomu ka tiawara timbirhi ni  kotara swin’we va ri karhi va kambisisa ndhawu leyi va yi thyeke vito ra Tranquility Base loko va fika va fika va fika va fika emisaveni. Armstrong na Aldrin va hlengelete {{Convert|47.5|lb|kg}} ya swilo swa n’weti ku swi vuyisa eMisaveni tanihi leswi muchayeri wa xihahampfhuka Michael Collins a hahaka Command Module ''Columbia'' hi ku rhendzeleka ka n’weti, naswona a va ri ehenhla ka N’weti ku ringana tiawara ta 21,  timinete ta 36, va nga si tlakuka va ya tlhela va joyina ''Columbia'' .

Apollo 11 yi rhumeriwe hi rocket ya Saturn V ku suka eka Kennedy Space Center eXihlaleni  xa Merritt, [[Florida]], hi July 16 hi 13:32 UTC, naswona a ku ri vurhumiwa bya vuntlhanu bya vatirhi va nongonoko wa [[NASA]] wa Apollo . Xihahampfhuka xa Apollo a xi ri ni swiphemu swinharhu: modula ya xileriso (CM) leyi nga ni khabini ya vampfampfarhuti vanharhu va swilo swa le mpfhukeni, ku nga xiphemu xin’we ntsena lexi tlheleleke eMisaveni; modyuli ya vukorhokeri (SM), leyi a yi seketela modyuli ya swileriso hi ku fambisa, matimba ya gezi, okisijini ni mati; ni modula ya n’weti (LM) leyi a yi ri ni switeji swimbirhi—xiteji xo rhelela xo fika eN’wetini ni xiteji xo tlhandluka leswaku va tlherisela vampfampfarhuti va swilo swa le mpfhukeni eku rhendzelekeni ka n’weti.

Endzhaku ko rhumeriwa eN’wetini hi xiteji xa vunharhu xa Saturn V, vativi va swilo swa le mpfhukeni va hambanise xihaha-mpfhuka lexi na xona kutani va famba masiku manharhu kukondza va nghena eka ku rhendzeleka ka n’weti. Kutani Armstrong na Aldrin va rhurhele e ''Eagle'' kutani va fika va dzima eLwandle ra ku Rhula hi July 20. Vativi va swilo swa le mpfhukeni va tirhise xiteji ''xa Eagle'' s ascent stage ku tlakuka kusuka ehenhla ka n’weti kutani va tlhela va joyina Collins eka modula ya xileriso. Va lahle ''Eagle'' va nga si endla maendlelo lama susumeteleke ''Columbia'' ku suka eka ku rhendzeleka ka yona ko hetelela ka 30 ka n’weti ku ya eka ndlela yo tlhelela eMisaveni. {{sfn|Orloff|2000|p=109}} Ti tlhelele eMisaveni kutani ti khuluka ehansi eLwandle ra Pacific hi July 24 endzhaku ka masiku yo tlula tsevu va ri exibakabakeni.

Goza ro sungula ra Armstrong ro ya ehenhla ka n’weti ri haxiwile eka TV leyi hanyaka eka vayingiseri va misava hinkwayo. U hlamusele xiendlakalo lexi tanihi &quot;goza rin'we leritsongo eka [munhu], ku tlula kun'we lokukulu eka vanhu.&quot; Apollo 11 kahle-kahle yi kombise ku hlula ka United States eka Mphikizano wa le Xibakabakeni ku kombisa ku tlakuka ka ku haha exibakabakeni, hi ku hetisisa pakani ya tiko leyi ringanyetiweke hi 1961 hi [[Presidente John F. Kennedy]], “ku nga si hela khume ra malembe lawa, ya ku wisa munhu.” eN'wetini ni ku n'wi tlherisela eMisaveni a hlayisekile.&quot;
&lt;references /&gt;

== Kungu ==

=== Ntlawa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ndhawu
!Mutivi wa swilo swa le mpfhukeni
|-
!Lerisa
|[[Neil Armstrong|Neil A. Armstrong]]
|-
!Muchayeri wa Modyuli ya Vulawuri
|[[Michael Collins (phi hành gia)|Michael Collins]]
|-
!Muchayeri wa Modyuli ya N’weti
|[[Buzz Aldrin|Edwin &quot;Buzz&quot; E. Aldrin, Jr.]]
|}
Xirho xin’wana ni xin’wana xa Apollo 11 a xi hlanganyerile eka ku haha exibakabakeni emahlweni ka vurhumiwa lebyi, leswi endleke leswaku leyi yi va Crew ya vumbirhi leyi vumbiweke hi Vafambisi va Swihaha-mpfhuka lava nga ni khale (yo sungula a ku ri [[Apollo 10]] ) ematin’wini ya ku haha ka vanhu exibakabakeni.

Collins entiyisweni u hlawuriwile ku va muchayeri wa xihahampfhuka xa Command Module (CMP) xa Apollo 8 kambe u susiwile hikuva a a lava vuhandzuri bya le ndzhaku naswona u siviwe hi Jim Lovell, loyi a a ri mufambisi wa swilo swa le mpfhukeni wa le ndzhaku eka xihahampfhuka xexo . Endzhaku ka loko Collins a basisiwile hi swa vutshunguri naswona a basisiwile leswaku a tlhelela, u averiwe eka xiyimo xa Lovell eka Apollo 11; Tanihi khale ka mufambisi wa swilo swa le mpfhukeni wa [[Apollo 8]], Lovell u tlhele a averiwa eka xiyimo xa Apollo 11’s reserve crew, kambe u tlakusiwile ku va Reserve Commander.

=== Vatirhi va le vuhlayiselo ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndhawu
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mutivi wa swilo swa le mpfhukeni
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lerisa
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[James A. Lovell, Jr.]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Muchayeri wa Modyuli ya Vulawuri
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[William A. Anders]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Muchayeri wa Modyuli ya N’weti
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Fred W. Haise, Jr.]]
|}
Eku sunguleni ka 1969, Anders u amukele ntirho eka [[Hội đồng Vũ trụ Quốc gia|National Space Council]], a fika hi August 1969 kutani a tivisa leswaku u ta tshika ntirho kutani a va Mufambisi wa Swihaha-mpfhuka siku rero. Hi nkarhi walowo, Ken Mattingly u hundziseriwe kusuka eka Support Crew kuya eka Train etlhelo ka Anders eka xiyimo xa [[Chỉ huy Phi hành đoàn Dự bị|Reserve Crew Commander]] loko ko tshuka ku hlwela Apollo 11 ku tlula ku rhumeriwa ka yona loku kunguhatiweke ka July (hi nkarhi walowo Anders anga katsekanga loko a laveka) naswona endzhakunyana a a ta joyina ntlawa wa Lovell naswona eku heteleleni a a averiwe tanihi [[Mô-đun Điều khiển|Control Module]] Pilot eka vurhumiwa bya Apollo 13.

=== Xipano xa nseketelo ===

* [[Charlie Duke]], muhlanganisi (CAPCOM) .
* [[Ronald Evans]] (CAPCOM) 
* [[Owen K. Garriott]] (CAPCOM)
* [[Don L. Lind]] (CAPCOM)
* [[Ken Mattingly]] (CAPCOM)
* [[Bruce McCandless II]] (CAPCOM)
* [[Harrison Schmitt]] (CAPCOM)
* [[Bill Pogue]]
* [[Jack Swigert]]

=== Matirhelo ya swihahampfhuka ===

* [[Cliff Charlesworth]] (Blue Team), loyi a langutelaka hi nkarhi wa ku rhumeriwa na ku famba en’wetini
* [[Gene Kranz]] (Xipano xa Valungu), loyi a a langutela hi nkarhi wo fika ehansi
* [[Glynn Lunney]] (Black Team), loyi a a langutela hi nkarhi wa ku tlhandluka ku suka ehenhla.

=== Vito ra phaswedi ===
Endzhaku ka loko vatirhi va Apollo 10 va thye xihahampfhuka xa vona xa le xibakabakeni vito ra ''Charlie Brown'' na ''Snoopy'', Xandla xa Musirheleri wa Mani na Mani Julian Scheer u tsale papila eka Mulawuri wa ''Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC)'' a bumabumela ku haha exibakabakeni Vatirhi va Apollo 11 va hungute ku pfumala ka vona vukheta loko va thya swihaha-mpfhuka swa vona mavito . Mavito ya ''Snowcone'' na ''Haystack'' ya tirhisiwile no tlakusiwa eka vateki va mahungu, kambe Crew yi teke xiboho xo ma cinca.

Modyuli leyi yo lawula yi thyiwile vito ra ''Columbia'' hi vito ra ''Columbiad'', ku nga xikepe lexikulu lexi duvuriweke exibakabakeni hi xibamu (na xona xi le Florida) eka novhele ya Jules Verne ya 1865 ''leyi nge From the Earth to the Moon'' . Modyuli ya N’weti yi thyiwe vito ra ''Eagle'' ku suka eka xinyenyana xa tiko ra United States, ku nga ntsumi ya mpandla, leyi kombisiweke swinene eka vito ra vurhumiwa.

=== Mfungho ===
Xikombiso xa vurhumiwa bya Apollo 11 xi endliwile hi Collins, loyi a a lava leswaku xi va xikombiso xa ''xiendlakalo xa &quot;Peaceful Moon Landing&quot; xa le Amerika.''U hlawurile Nghwazi eka xikombiso, a veka rhavi ra Mutlhwari enon’wini wa rona kutani a dirowa ndzhaku ka N’weti laha Misava yi nga ekule endzhaku. Muvulavuleri wa NASA u vule leswaku swikunwana swa Eagle swi languteka ''swi ri &quot;nyimpi&quot;'' ngopfu naswona endzhaku ka mbulavurisano wo karhi, rhavi ra Olive ri rhurhiseriwe eka xirhendze xa Eagle. Vatirhi va le xikepeni va teke xiboho xa leswaku nomboro ya Xirhoma [[XI|ya XI]] a yi nge twisiseki ematikweni man'wana, kutani va fambe na ''&quot;Apollo 11&quot;'' ; Va teke xiboho xo ka va nga veki mavito ya vona eka beji, va tshika xifaniso xi yimela ''&quot; '''Hinkwavo''' lava tirheke ku endla leswaku swi humelela.&quot;'' Mihlovo hinkwayo i ya ntumbuluko, na trim ya wasi na yo tshwuka ehandle ka beji.

Loko mali ya nsimbi ya Eisenhower Dollar yi humesiwa hi 1971, pulani ya swikombiso swa Eagle yi kandziyisiwe endzhaku. Dizayini leyi yi tlhele yi tirhisiwa eka mali ya nsimbi leyitsongo, Susan B. Anthony Dollar leyi kandziyisiweke hi 1979, kahle-kahle khume ra malembe endzhaku ka vurhumiwa bya Apollo 11.

=== Xitsundzuxo ===
Switsundzuxo leswi rhwariweke hi Neil Armstrong a swi katsa xiphemu xa mapulanga lexi humaka eka xihaha-mpfhuka xa ximatsi lexi humaka eka xihaha-mpfhuka xo sungula xa Wright Brothers hi 1903 ni xiphemu xa lapi lexi humaka eka ripapa ra xona, swin’we ni beji leyi nyikeriweke hi xivumbeko xa dayimani eka [[Deke Slayton]] leyi humaka eka Widows of the Apollo 1 Vatirhi va le xikepeni. Pini leyi ayi fanele ku rhwariwe eka Apollo 1 kutani yi nyikiwa Slayton endzhaku ka mission, kambe endzhaku ka khombo ra ku buluka ka ndzhawu yo rhumela na xilahlo lexi landzeleke, tinoni ti nyikile pin eka Slayton naswona Armstrong u yi tekile na yona eka Apollo 11.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Solange Sanfourche</title>
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      <timestamp>2024-11-04T15:37:24Z</timestamp>
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        <username>WikiBayer</username>
        <id>6053</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Rerl56|Rerl56]] ([[User talk:Rerl56|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Erl59|Erl59]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="237" sha1="2jnfpftoy82yv91uh17niv61fjbhs2g" xml:space="preserve">'''Solange Sanfourche''' (loyi a velekiweke hi July 18, 1922 naswona u file hi ti 12 ta Nhlangula 2013), loyi a tivekaka hi vito ra Marie-Claude, a a ri mulwi wa ku lwisana wa le Furwa eDordogne hi nkarhi wa Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zitha</title>
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        <ip>41.13.13.115</ip>
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      <comment>I added to the praises</comment>
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      <text bytes="228" sha1="bnb7alyb2umoa19q50ywbtvu8p5t7w4" xml:space="preserve">Zitha, hi va ka nkwinika, hi nkanyani, hi mamba ya vukarhi, hi marhundzele xo rhundzela nsati wa xona.&lt;ref&gt;Zitha Jabulani&lt;/ref&gt; I maluma hi ncila yi tshika nomo. Madlaya hi dlayela nsele ahi dyi thyaka. Matlharhi hansi, dziii!!!</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Billboard Hot 100</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
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      <id>39115</id>
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      <timestamp>2024-11-06T13:22:42Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>/* Billboard Hot 100 */</comment>
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      <text bytes="169" sha1="g8ohux7ahj95l8cva7sldelpl53s8pv" xml:space="preserve">===[[Billboard Hot 100]]===
:&lt;small&gt;''Rilanghiwa hi: [[User:Aperman|Aperman]]&lt;/small&gt;
:Tsalwa leri ritikomba rihelerile naswona rafaneleka leswaku ringa thlomiwa risiva.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Neil Oliver</title>
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      <comment>I have created a new article.</comment>
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      <text bytes="767" sha1="q130ccutdv15iwgfhrfd5bmm5zlq95b" xml:space="preserve">Neil Oliver ( u velekiwile hi ti 21 Hukuri 1967 e Renfrewshire ) i muhaxi na mutsari wa thelevhixini wa le Scotland. U tiveka ngopfu tanihi muhaxi wa nongonoko wa tidokhumentari ta BBC leti nge A History of Scotland and the Coast.

==== Vutomi bya vutomi ====
Neil Oliver (Biography) u velekiwile eRenfrewshire naswona u kulele eAyr na Dumfries. Sweswi u tshama eStirling na nsati wa yena, Trudi, na vana va vona vanharhu. Neil u dyondzele eDumfries Academy a nga si nghena eYunivhesiti ya Glasgow, laha a dyondzeleke vuyimburi. Hi 2010, u seketele ku sunguriwa ka ndzavisiso wa le ka inthanete wa Ask Scotland, a tlakusa vukorhokeri lebyintshwa bya layiburari ya le Scotland. Ku engetela kwalaho, u tirha tanihi mupfuni wa Nhlangano wa Vahlayisi va Tindlu ta Rivoni.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Seth Andrews</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="998" sha1="dehs1inc462flp8q4ke912icr3rtngc" xml:space="preserve">Seth Andrews (loyi a velekiweke hi April 12, 1968) i mulweri wa le Amerika, mutsari ni xivulavuri lexi vulavulaka hi mhaka ya ku pfumela leswaku Xikwembu xi kona. I muvumbi na mufambisi wa vaaki va inthanete va The Thinking Atheist, podcast, na xitichi xa YouTube, xikan’we na mutsari wa tibuku ta mune leti ti ti kandziyiseke. Loko a nga si lwela ku pfumela leswaku Xikwembu xi kona, a a ri Mukreste wa xisekelo naswona a a ri ni ntirho wa malembe ya khume tanihi mufambisi wa xiya-ni-moya wa Mukreste.

==== Vutomi bya vutomi ====
[https://www.starsbiographies.com/seth-andrews/ Seth Andrews (Biography)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002152410/https://starsbiographies.com/seth-andrews/ |date=2024-10-02 }} u velekiwe eTulsa, Oklahoma, endyangwini wa Vukreste bya Baptist na lava lava dyondzeke ntivo-vukwembu, u khuvula eKerekeni ya Eastwood Baptist. Loko ya le xikolweni xa le xikombeni xa le xikolweni xa le xikolweni xa le xikolweni xa le xikolweni xa vuxeni Mukhuvuri.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mamba ya ntima</title>
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      <text bytes="989" sha1="gfzq6wj4bafrs03pnl487uaqt4ti365" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Dendroaspis polylepis by Bill Love.jpg|thumb|410x410px]]
'''Mamba ya ntima''' (Dendroaspis polylepis) i muxaka wa nyoka leyingana chefu swinene leyi welaka eka ndyangu wa Elapidae. Yitumbuluka eka swiphemu swa Afrika yale dzongeni wa Sahara. Yi hlamuseriwe rosungula ximfumo hi Albert Günther hi 1864, i nyoka ya vumbirhi yo leha swinene leyingana chefu endzhaku ka king cobra; swikombiso leswi vupfeke hi xitalo swi tlula 2 m (6 ft 7 in) naswona hi ntolovelo swikula kuya eka 3 m (9.8 ft). Swikombiso swa 4.3 kuya eka 4.5 m (14 kuya eka 15 ft) swivikiwile. Muhlovo wa nhlonge ya yona ya hambana kusuka eka grey kuya eka buraweni wo dzwihala. Ti mamba ta ntima letintsongo titala kuva na muhlovo wotshuka kutlula letikulu naswona tiva na ntima loko tikula. Ku nga khathariseki vito leri tolovelekeke, nhlonge ya mamba ya ntima a hi ya ntima; vito ra muvala ri hlamusela ngopfu endzeni ka nomu wa yona, leswi yi swi kombisaka loko yi titwa yi xungetiwa.

== Minthsaho ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Magenta ya xirhendzevutani</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; style=&quot;width: 200px;&quot;  |+ &lt;big&gt;Magenta ya xirhendzevutani&lt;/big&gt;  |-  | style=&quot;color:#FF00FF; background:#FF00FF;&quot; | Magenta ya xirhendzevutani  |-  |  |}  '''Magenta ya xirhendzevutani''' wa purple-red, lowu tlhelaka wu tiviwa tani hi fuchsia kumbe cyclamen. Magenta i yin’wana ya tidayi tosungula ta aniline leti endliweke hindlela yo endliwa naswona yi tshuburiwile hi 1859 hi mutivi wa tikhemikhali wa le Britain Sir William Henry Perkin...&quot;</comment>
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 |+ &lt;big&gt;Magenta ya xirhendzevutani&lt;/big&gt;
 |-
 | style=&quot;color:#FF00FF; background:#FF00FF;&quot; | Magenta ya xirhendzevutani
 |-
 |
 |} 
'''Magenta ya xirhendzevutani''' wa purple-red, lowu tlhelaka wu tiviwa tani hi fuchsia kumbe cyclamen. Magenta i yin’wana ya tidayi tosungula ta aniline leti endliweke hindlela yo endliwa naswona yi tshuburiwile hi 1859 hi mutivi wa tikhemikhali wa le Britain Sir William Henry Perkin (1838-1907). U ri thye vito ra doroba ra Magenta ra le Italy, laha hi lembe leri fanaka ku veke nyimpi leyikulu exikarhi ka Mafurwa ni Ma-Austria.

Magenta i muvala wosungula eka sisiteme ya mihlovo yo susa na muvala wa vumbirhi eka sisiteme ya mihlovo yo engetela. Eka maendlelo lawa hamambirhi kuna muhlovo wotala wa rihlaza. Eka michini yo gandlisa hi inkjet, magenta i muvala lowu tolovelekeke wa ku kandziyisa hi mihlovo ya mune.

[[Category:Mavala]]</text>
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    <title>Hosi ya Nghala</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:The Lion King logo.svg|thumb|493x493px]] '''Hosi ya Nghala''' i filimi ya drama ya vuyimbeleri bya swifaniso leswi nga na swifaniso swa le Amerika ya 1994 leyi humesiweke hi Walt Disney Feature Animation naswona yi humesiwile hi Buena Vista Pictures Distribution ehansi ka banner ya Walt Disney Pictures. Filimi leyi yi kongomisiwile hi Roger Allers na Rob Minkoff (eka masungulo ya vona ya vufambisi bya nkarhi wo leha) naswona yi humesiwile hi Don Hahn, ku suka eka...&quot;</comment>
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'''Hosi ya Nghala''' i filimi ya drama ya vuyimbeleri bya swifaniso leswi nga na swifaniso swa le Amerika ya 1994 leyi humesiweke hi Walt Disney Feature Animation naswona yi humesiwile hi Buena Vista Pictures Distribution ehansi ka banner ya Walt Disney Pictures. Filimi leyi yi kongomisiwile hi Roger Allers na Rob Minkoff (eka masungulo ya vona ya vufambisi bya nkarhi wo leha) naswona yi humesiwile hi Don Hahn, ku suka eka screenplay leyi tsariweke hi Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts na Linda Woolverton. Filimi leyi yi na vatlangi va rito va ntlawa lowu katsaka Matthew Broderick, Moira Kelly, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Niketa Calame, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, Rowan Atkinson na Robert Guillaume. Tinsimu ta yona to sungula ti tsariwile hi muqambhi Elton John na mutsari wa tinsimu Tim Rice, na xichayachayana xa Hans Zimmer. Hi ku hlohloteriwa hi swiharhi swa nhova swa le Afrika, xitori lexi xi tekeleriwa ngopfu hi ntlangu wa xiteji wa William Shakespeare lowu vuriwaka Hamlet lowu nga na nkucetelo wo karhi ku suka eka switori swa Bibele swa Joseph na Moses, naswona wu landzelela mudyandzhaka lontsongo loyi a bohekaka ku baleka endzhaku ka loko buti wa yena a dlaye tata wa yena a tlhela a tekela vuhosi. Endzhaku ko kula evuhlongeni, hosi leyi faneleke yi vuya yi tlhontlha mutekeri ni ku herisa vulawuri bya yona bya tihanyi ehenhla ka mfumo.</text>
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    <title>Phephulu</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; style=&quot;width: 200px;&quot;  |+ &lt;big&gt;Phephulu&lt;/big&gt;  |-  | style=&quot;color:#6A0DAD; background:#6A0DAD;&quot; |Phephulu  |-  |  |} '''Phephulu''' i mihlovo yo hambana-hambana exikarhi ka yo tshwuka ni ya wasi.&lt;ref&gt;Mish, Frederic C., hoofredakteur ''Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield, Massachusetts, V.S.A.:1984--Merriam-Webster p.957&lt;/ref&gt; Xihlamusela-marito xa Xinghezi xa Oxford xi yi hlamusela tanihi muvala lowu dzikeke, lowu talek...&quot;</comment>
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'''Phephulu''' i mihlovo yo hambana-hambana exikarhi ka yo tshwuka ni ya wasi.&lt;ref&gt;Mish, Frederic C., hoofredakteur ''Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield, Massachusetts, V.S.A.:1984--Merriam-Webster p.957&lt;/ref&gt; Xihlamusela-marito xa Xinghezi xa Oxford xi yi hlamusela tanihi muvala lowu dzikeke, lowu taleke, exikarhi ka wo tshwuka ni wa [[vhangazi]].&lt;ref&gt;''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', vyfde uitgawe, 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;

Phephulu tanihi muvala a xi ambariwa hi vafumi va Rhoma ya Khale ni vamajistarata, naswona endzhakunyana hi vabixopo va Kereke ya Khatoliki. Ku sukela kwalaho, muvala wa xivunguvungu hi ntolovelo wu fambisana ni vuhosi ni ku chava Xikwembu.&lt;ref&gt;Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques''&lt;/ref&gt; 

Muhlovo lowu wu tirhisiwa eka swiambalo swa vugandzeri swa Kereke ya Xilatini swa Advent, Lent na misa ku khongelela vafi.

Mbilu ya xivunguvungu yi nyikiwa masocha ya le Amerika lama vavisekeke kumbe lama dlayiweke.

== Mintshaho ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Mavala]]</text>
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    <title>Mhangu yo dlayeteriwa ka vanhu eSharpeville</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Vutomi eSharpeville ku nga si endleka mhangu */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4049" sha1="hbfn1ptnutnp3q6i6omgof9t8e3ov5r" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sharpeville Massacre Graves, Phelindaba Cemetery, Sharpeville, Vereeniging, South Africa.jpg|thumb|right|Nxaxamelo wa masirha ya vanhu va 69 lava dlayiweke hi maphorisa eShrpville hi 21 Nyenyankulu 1960]]
 '''Mhangu yo dlayeteriwa ka vanhu va le Sharpeville''' yi humelele hi ti 21 ta Nyenyankulu 1960, loko maphorisa ma duvule ntshungu wa vanhu lava a va hlengeletane ehandle ka xitichi xa maphorisa exidorobaneni xa Sharpeville eka xifundzhankulu xa Transvaal xa khale ka Union of South Africa (laha sweswi ku nga xiphemu xa [[Gauteng]]) ku lwisana ni milawu yo sindzisa ku khoma tipasi. Ntshungu wa vanhu va kwalomu ka 5,000 wu hlengeletane eSharpeville hi siku era xivijo lexi endliweke hi Pan-Africanist Congress xo siya tipasi ta vona ekaya na ku lava leswaku maphorisa ma va khoma hikwalaho ko tlula milawu ya tipasi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lodge|first=Tom|title=Sharpeville: an apartheid massacre and its consequences|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-280185-2|series=The making of the modern world|location=Oxford New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntshungu wa vavileri wu byeriwe leswaku wu ta hlamuriwa hi mutirhela-mfumo naswona wu yimele ehandle ka xitichi xa maphorisa loko maphorisa yo tala ma karhi ma fika, ku katsa ni swirho swa le henhla swa Rhavi ra Vuhlayiseki leri ari chaviwa. Hi nkarhi wa kwalomu ka 1:30 na nhlikanhi, maphorisa ma duvule ntshungu hi kwalomu ka 1,344 wa tikulu ta swibamu handle ko humesa xilemukiso. Eka malembe la ya tlula makume-ntlhanu la ya landzeleke, nhlayo ya vanhu lava dlayiweke ni lava vavisekeke yi sekeriwe kusuka eka vumbhoni bya maphorisa, leyi veke ntsengo wa 249 wa vanhu, leyi katsaka vana va 29, naswona eka ntsengo wolowo ku kumeke 69 wa vanhu lava dlayiweke na 180 va vavisekeke. Vulavisisi bya sweswinyana byi kombise leswaku kunga va na vanhu va 91 la va dlayiweke eSharpeville naswona kuva na vanhu va 238 va vavisekile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Clark|first=Nancy L.|title=Voices of Sharpeville: The Long History of Racial Injustice|last2=Worger|first2=William H.|date=2023|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd|isbn=978-1-032-19130-0|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xitalo xa vanhu la va nga dlayiwa no vavisiwa va kumeke va duvuriwile enhlaneni loko va baleka maphorisa.

Muteki wa swifaniso Ian Berry, loyi eku sunguleni a a ehleketa leswaku maphorisa ma duvula hi tikulu to ka ki nga dlayi, hi yena loyi a hlanganiseke divisor xa swifaniso saw siku leri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20170914-the-photos-that-changed-history|title=The photos that changed history – Ian Berry; Sharpeville Massacre|last=Macdonald|first=Fiona|website=www.bbc.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Eka Afrika Dzonga ra namuntlha, 21 Nyenyankulu ri tsundzukiwa tani hi holideyi ya mani na mani yo xixima timfanelo ta ximunhu na ku tsundzuka Mhangu ya ku dlayeteriwa ka vanhu eSharpeville.

Hi lembe ra 2024, ndzhawu leyi kunga humelela Mhangu ya ku dlayeteriwa ka vanhu na xitsundzuxo yi hundzuke Ndzawu ya Ndzhaka ya Misava, leyi tivekaka tani hi Tindzhawu ta xidzundzuxo ta [[Nelson Mandela]].

== Vutomi eSharpeville ku nga si endleka mhangu ==
Xidorobhana xa Sharpeville xi simekiwe hi lembe ra 1943 naswona xi sive xidorobhana xa Topville, lexi a xiri na va aka tiko votala na swona xithlela xi hlaseriwa hi mavabyi. Va aka tiko va rhurhisiwile ku sukela hi lembe ra 1958, ku ya aka eSharpville. Kwalomu ka 10,000 wa vanhu va ntima va sindzisiwe ku rhurha eSharpville nakambe hikwalaho ka madzolonga na vugevenga. Ku engetela kwalano, ku ve na mintlawa ya swigevenga leswi a swi heha vantswa ku nghenela vugevenga ku ri na ku ya eswikolweni. Xitichi xa maphorisa lexintswa xi akiwile naswona a xiri na maphorisa yo hisekela ku secha tipasi, ku thleriseriwa ka valuveri, na ku lavisisa no hlasela mavhengele yo xavisa byala swi nga ri e nawini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2013|title=Zambian Commemorates Sharpeville Massacre|journal=Black View|volume=1|issue=5|pages=1–10|jstor=43799086}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkombo ==
{{Reflist|2}}

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    <title>Rihanyo ra vavasati</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1283133442|Women's health]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2142" sha1="7a26oevv1od1zxbd3kbqkot8jalyg73" xml:space="preserve">'''Rihanyo ra vavasati''' i xikombiso xa rihanyo ra vaaki, laha rihanyo ri hlamuseriwaka hi Nhlangano wa rihanyo wa Misava, ku nga ''World Health Organisation'' (WHO), tanihi &quot;xiyimo xa vuhlayiseki lebyi heleleke bya miri, miehleketo na ntshamisano naswona ku nga ri ntsena ku pfumaleka ka mavabyi kumbe ku tsana&quot;.  Hakanyingi yi khomiwa tanihi rihanyo ra ku veleka ra vavasati ntsena, mintlawa yo tala yi kanetana na nhlamuselo yo anama leyi fambelanaka na rihanyo hinkwaro ra vavasati hi ku angarhela, leyi kombisiwaka ku antswa tanihi &quot;Rihanyo ra vavasati&quot;. Ku hambana loku ku vonaka ku nyanyile [[Tiko leri hluvukaka|ematikweni lama ha hluvukaka]] laha vavasati lava rihanyo ra vona ri katsaka makhombo na ntokoto wa vona, va yaka va va na swiphiqo.

Hambileswi mimpimo ya swivangelo leswikulu swa rifu, vuvabyi bya mbilu ni misiha, [[Fukuzana|mfukuzana]] ni vuvabyi bya mahawu, yi fanaka eka vavasati ni vavanuna, vavasati va ni mintokoto yo hambana. mfukuzana ya mahawu yi tlule tinxaka tin’wana hinkwato ta timfukuzana tanihi xivangelo lexikulu xa rifu leri fambelanaka na mfukuzana eka vavasati, yi landzeriwa hi mfukuzana ya mavele, colorectal, ovarian, mfukuzana ya xivelekelo na cervical cancers. Hambileswi ku dzaha fole ku nga xivangelo lexikulu xa mfukuzana ya mahawu, eka vavasati lava nga dzahiki fole khombo ro khomiwa hi mfukuzana ri tlula kanharhu eka vavanuna lava nga dzahiki fole. Ku nga khathariseki leswi, mfukuzana ya mavele ya ha ri mfukuzana leyi tolovelekeke swinene eka vavasati ematikweni lama hluvukeke, naswona i yin’wana ya mavabyi lamakulu lama nga tshungulekiki ya vavasati, kasi mfukuzana ya khwiri yi tshama yi ri yin’wana ya mfukuzana leyi tolovelekeke swinene ematikweni lama ha hluvukaka, leyi fambisanaka ni xitsongwatsongwana xa human papilloma (HPV), ku nga vuvabyi lebyi tluletiwaka hi rimbewu . Ntlhavelo wa HPV xikan’we na ku kamberiwa swinyika xitshembiso xo lawula mavabyi lawa. Timhaka tin’wana ta nkoka ta rihanyo eka vavasati ti katsa vuvabyi bya mbilu na misiha, ntshikilelo wa mianakanyo, vuvabyi bya ku pfilunganyeka ka mianakanyo, ku tsana ka marhambu na ku kayivela ka ngati .</text>
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    <title>Ku Saseka ka Ntumbuluko</title>
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      <comment>* Ku susa leswi “Swiluva swi na nkoka swinene”</comment>
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      <text bytes="2900" sha1="0eu23jy6o3qimdgp4cicmwlj9zw0sem" xml:space="preserve">=== Ntirho wa swiluva ===
Swiluva swi tiveka hi [[Mihlovo|''mihlovo'']], tinxaka na mivala yo hambana-hambana, naswona a swi tsakeriwi ntsena hi ku saseka na ku khavisa tiko kambe swi na nkoka eka ku hlayisa bhayodiyivhesithi xikan’we na ku hlayisa ekhosiyisitemi. &lt;ref&gt;10 Flowers That Can Improve Your Garden's Biodiversity&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Nkoka wa Swimilana ===
Swiluva swi endleriwe ku koka rinoko eka tinyoxi, swinyenyani na maphaphatani.&lt;ref&gt;Bees and butterflies will love your garden if you plant this one flowering plant, garden experts say&lt;/ref&gt; Hiku tirhisa mihlovo ya swiluva leyi hanyaka yi olovisa endlelo ra pholinayixini. Maendlelo lawa pfuna ku nonisa naku humelerisiwa ka mbewu, ku endlela leswaku ku va na ku hangalaka ka tinxaka ta swimilani.
[[File:Osteospermum ecklonis1.JPG|left|thumb|Xiluva]]

==== Ntirho wa Ikholoji ====
Swiluva switirha tani hi xihlanganisi xa nkoka eka mintlawa ya swakudya. Pholinayixini yi endla leswaku ku endliwa [[MIHANDZU NI MATSAVU|''mihan''dzu]] na mbewu, leswi phamelaka [[swiharhi|''swihar''hi]] swohambana hambana, ku katsa na vanhu. Ku tlula kwalaho, swimilana leswi humesaka swiluva hakanyingi swi endla ndhawu yo tumbela yo tswala eka swiharhi swo hambana-hambana leswintsongo. Ku na nkoka eka ku hlayisa ti ntumbuluko eka tiko hinkwaro.&lt;ref&gt;Pollinators and the evolution of floral diversity | Smith Lab Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | University of Colorado Boulder&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ku saseka ka swiluva swo hambana-hambana =====
Ku saseka ka swiluva ku hlohlotele vutshila, matsalwa ni [[Ndzhavuko|''ndhavuko'']]. Mihlovo ya swivumbeko  hakanyingi swi na mintirho yo hambana, hi xikombiso, swiluva swo tshuka swi tala ku koka swinyenyana, swa rihlaza swi koka rinoko  switsotswana kasi swa xitshopana swi tsakisa tinyoxi.&lt;ref&gt;Pollination and seed spreading - BBC Bitesize&lt;/ref&gt; Ku hambana, loku eka tinxaka ta swiluva swi hoxa xandla eka ku fuwa hinkwako ka bhayodiyivhesithi naswona swi seketela vuxaka byo hlawuleka exikarhi ka swimilani.
[[File:Apis mellifera - Cirsium arvense - Keila.jpg|left|thumb|Tinyoxi ]]

====== Swikombiso swa Ntivo-mbango ======
Swiluva na swona i swikombiso swa rihanyo ra mbango. Ku va kona kumbe ku pfumaleka ka tinxaka to karhi ta swiluva swi nga endla hi ku cinca ka maxelo,&lt;ref&gt;Flowers and trees are blooming earlier. Is it because of climate change? | WRVO Public Media&lt;/ref&gt; mpimo wa thyaka kumbe ku onhiwa ka tindhawu to tshama eka tona. Hi ndlela yaleyo, ti hoxa xandla kungari ntsena eka ntirho wa ecosystem kambe na le ka maendlelo ya vulawuri bya mbango na nhlayiso.

====== Mahetelelo ======
Swiluva i vatlangi va nkoka eka swirhendzevutani xa vutomi bya swimilana na swiharhi hi ku fanana. Ku saseka ka tona ku kombisa ku rharhangana ni ku twanana ka tiekhosiyisitemi, ku tsundzuxa vanhu hi ku ringanisela loku nga ni vuxiyaxiya loku hlayisaka vutomi emisaveni.


[[flower]] [[imbali]]</text>
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    <title>SAYENSE YA VURIMI</title>
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      <comment>nothing changed</comment>
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      <text bytes="3918" sha1="d3totxdfqqh41uzp2afo0dgy3e704ku" xml:space="preserve">'''SAYENSE YA VURIMI'''

'''Ti-genotype leti dlayaka'''

Ti-gene leti dlayaka ti endla leswaku swivumbiwa leswi nga ni ti-gene teto swi fa. Mikarhi yin'wana, rifu a ri vi kona hi ku hatlisa; ri nga ha teka malembe, swi ya hi xitekela. Hambiswiritano, loko ku hundzuka ka xiaki xa xitekela ku vanga rifu, swi vula leswaku xiaki xa xitekela lexi khumbekaka xi ni ntirho wa nkoka eku kuleni, eku endleni ka swilo ni le ku poneni ka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka. Tijini leti dlayaka ti nga ha va ti ri ta le ndzhaku, leti lawulaka, leti nga ni swipimelo, leti dlayaka katsongo kumbe leti endliweke hi vanhu, swi ya hi tijini leti katsekaka.

Swiaki swa xitekela leswi nga ni khombo swi kumeka eka ti-homozygote ni le ka ti-heterozygote. Kambe xana ti-allele to fana ni leti ti nga hundziseriwa njhani ku suka eka xitukulwana xin'wana ku ya eka xin'wana loko ti vanga rifu? A swi talanga leswaku ku kumiwa ti-gene leti nga ni khombo hikwalaho ka ku nyamalala ka tona hi ku hatlisa. Xikombiso xin'wana i muvala wo basa lowu dlayaka wa voya bya tihanci. Tihanci leti nga ni muvala wo basa ti ta tswala timangwa timbirhi ta muvala wo basa eka yin'wana ni yin'wana ya timangwa ta muvala wo basa loko ti hlangana. Tihanci to basa leti nga ni vuxaka bya rimbewu rin'we a ta ha vi kona loko ti ri ekhwirini, kutani a ku na laha ku nga fikeleriwaka mpimo wa 1:2:1.&lt;ref&gt;https://chrissmaje.com/2022/09/from-genesis-to-farming/&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Foreign agriculture -weekly magazine of the United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (IA CAT10252662890).pdf|thumb]]
Hi 1905, Lucien Cuénot u vone swilo leswi nga tolovelekangiki loko a ri karhi a dyondza hi ndlela leyi xitekela xa muvala wa voya xi hundziseriwaka ha yona eka makondlo. Endzhaku ko hlanganisa makondlo mambirhi ya xitshopana, u xiye leswaku vana va kona a va nga ri na xivumbeko lexi fanaka ni xa makondlo man'wana. Ematshan'weni ya sweswo, Cuénot mikarhi hinkwayo a a languta mpimo wa 2:1, laha a ku ri ni makondlo mambirhi ya xitshopana eka makondlo man'wana ni man'wana lama nga riki ya xitshopana. Cuénot u kumile leswaku muhlovo wa dzovo ra xitshopani hi wona lowu a wu ri kona, naswona hi ku tirhisa swihambano, u kombise leswaku makondlo ya yena hinkwawo ya xitshopana a ma ri ni ti-heterozygote. Hambiswiritano, eka ku hlangana ka yena ko tala, Cuénot a nga kalanga a tswala mbeva yin'we ya xitshopana leyi nga ni xivumbeko lexi fanaka. Xana leswi swi nga endlekisa ku yini? Leswi swi vangiwa hi leswi kotara ya vana lava tswariwaka hi ku hlanganisiwa ka ti heterozygote va faka hi nkarhi wa ku kula ka xitumbulukwa.

Makondlo hinkwawo ya YY ma fe ma nga si velekiwa, leswi endleke leswaku ku va ni vana vambirhi va xitshopana ni un'we la nga riki wa xitshopana.

Swikombiso swin'wana swa ti gene leti dlayaka swi katsa achondroplasia kumbe swimbutana swa tibulldog eka tihomu ta Dexter na muhlovo wa dzovo leri dlayaka eka tinyimpfu ta Karakul.

·      '''Swiaki swa xitekela leswi nga ni khombo'''

Swiaki swa xitekela leswi nga ni khombo swi kumeka eka ti-homozygote ni le ka ti-heterozygote. Kambe xana ti-allele to fana ni leti ti nga hundziseriwa njhani ku suka eka xitukulwana xin'wana ku ya eka xin'wana loko ti vanga rifu? A swi talanga leswaku ku kumiwa ti-gene leti nga ni khombo hikwalaho ka ku nyamalala ka tona hi ku hatlisa. Xikombiso xin'wana i muvala wo basa lowu dlayaka wa voya bya tihanci. Tihanci leti nga ni muvala wo basa ti ta tswala timangwa timbirhi ta muvala wo basa eka yin'wana ni yin'wana ya timangwa ta muvala wo basa loko ti hlangana. Tihanci to basa leti nga ni vuxaka bya rimbewu rin'we a ta ha vi kona loko ti ri ekhwirini, kutani a ku na laha ku nga fikeleriwaka mpimo wa 1:2:1.

Timfanelo leti nga ni matimba ti nga ha tlhela ti hlayisiwa eka ntlawa hi ku cinca loku endlekaka hi ku phindha-phindha kumbe loko ku nghena ka xitekela ku ri ehansi ka 100 wa tiphesente.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xixika</title>
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      <text bytes="519" sha1="dm8eh3hdvafxtpqivtc8qcyb8uc77xq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Winter in Zell 06.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Xifaniso xa gamboko]]
Xixika I nguva yo titimela exikarhi ka lembe, Leyi sungulaka hi n’hweti ya [[khotavuxika]] kuya eka n’hweti ya [[Mawuwani]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-03-10 |title=Meteorological Versus Astronomical Seasons |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/meteorological-versus-astronomical-seasons |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

=== Swikombo saw vu hlanganisi ===
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  <page>
    <title>Surulere</title>
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        <username>Conlyma</username>
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      <text bytes="422" sha1="hxt82037kjte2tbt4rwfwfbn3y6rsjz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Surulere.png|left|thumb]]&lt;ref&gt;https://sl.bing.net/cApcU2BVc5Y&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Surulere''' i ndzhawu ya mfumo wa muganga leyi kumekaka etikweni-nkulu eXifundzheni xa doroba ra Lagos, eNigeria. Yi na ndzhawu yo ringana 23km. Eka nhlayo ya vanhu ya 2006, akuri na 503,975 wa vaaki, laha kungana vaaki va 21,864 hi square kilometer. Ndzhawu ya mfumo wa muganga yi rhendzeriwe hi Yaba, Mushin na Ebute-Metta.


'''Rheferense'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Swifundzankulu swa Afrika-Dzonga</title>
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        <username>GSDFGDHVGJDSVD</username>
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      <comment>reference</comment>
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Xifundzankulu xin'wana na xin'wana xi lawuriwa hi huvo yo endla milawu ya xitulu xin'we . Vukulu bya huvo yo endla milawu byi ringana na vaaki, ku suka eka tethi wa swirho eKapa N’walungu ku ya eka eyithi e[[Durban|KwaZulu Natal]] .&lt;ref&gt;https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/provincial-gov/kwazulu-natal-provincial-government&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhluvukiso lowu nga heriki</title>
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Nhluvukiso lowu nga heriki wu hlangana na mianakanyo ya ku kondletela leyi nga mhaka ya mahanylo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Robben island</title>
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        <username>Phamiey</username>
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      <text bytes="749" sha1="splgnm8zgcwxh1c1rw6d3lso4pl05kd" xml:space="preserve">'''Robben Island''' i ndhawu leyi yi nga duma no tivikana swinene tanihi khotso leri khale ka puresidete wa tiko ra [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela a batisisiwe eka rona malembe yo fika makumembirhi-nkombo, hikuva yena na van'wana vankulukumba ava lwela ntshuxeko wa matima etikweni hi nkarhi wa mfumo wa Aparitedi. &lt;ref&gt;Robben Island | South African History Online&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Robben island from table mountain.jpg|thumb|Robben Island hile henhla ka ntshava ya Table Mountain]]

== Ndhawu ==
Yi kumeka eka rin'wana ra madorobankulu ya [[Afrika-Dzonga]], eKapa, emanembenembeni ya le dzongeni ra tiko laha yinga rhendzela hi yan'wana ya malwandle lawa ya kumekaka edzongeni wa [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika.]] 

== Tiriferense ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vulawuri bya vaaki</title>
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      <comment>picture added</comment>
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      <text bytes="1038" sha1="2wc8xja29gcgwym66cqfefs1h3ao7t0" xml:space="preserve">'''Vaaki''' va fanerile ku landzelele swileriso leswi va nyikiweke hi varhangeri va vona.  Leswi swi tiyisisa kuva vaaki vanga tluli [https://www.pansalb.org/wp-content/uploads/Xitsonga_Orthography-and-Spelling-Rules11-May-2022.pdf milawu] ya tiko leri va tshamaki eka rona. Leswi endlela ku tiyisisa vuhlayiseki bya  vaaki ku katsa tiko ravona.  Hi vona varhangeri va tindzawu to hambana-hambana va tumbuluxa milawu leyi pimelaki vaaki mahanyelo ya vona. xikombiso; tiko ra Welverdiend rina vuhosi lebyi vekaki milawu ya mahanyelo ya tiko ku tiyisisa leswaku vaaki a va tluli milawu, kambe loko u nwana wa vaaki loko o tshuka a tlurile milawu uta xupuriwa kuya hi nandzu wakwe. Muaki u fanerile ku nyikiwa xighwevo  xo karhi ku tiyisisa leswaku a nga ha ngeteri hi nandzu wa yena.&lt;ref&gt;Xitsonga_Orthography-and-Spelling-Rules11-May-2022.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Village meeting at Pathali district Nandurbar forest rights Narmada BAchao Andolan activist Yogini Khanolkar 2008.jpg|left|thumb|example of community meeting ]]


== Refherense ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xivongo xaka Mathebula</title>
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      <text bytes="1283" sha1="ch2qm7gjpjnhwyepapr1kag5mjhht22" xml:space="preserve">Vaka '''Mathebula''' va davuka evuxeni bya eka rixava raka ka '''[https://www.vivmag.co.za/archives/11191#:~:text=Valoyi%20is%20a%20continuum%20of%20Valowi%2C%20which%20comes,Malawi%2C%20Mozambique%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20Swaziland%2C%20Lesotho%20and%20Botswana. Valoyi]'''. Xivongo xaka [https://forebears.io/surnames/mathebula Mathebula] xilandzeleleka  kusukela laha ku kumekaka leswaku vafumile hita ndzhavuko na milawu yo hanya hi wona. Va vativeka tindhawu to tala hikwalaho kova vana magandzelo yo hambana na yavanwana vanhu, na swona mahanyelo ya vona ya siku na siku ya hambanile ni yava nwana vanhu. Kusukela evutsongwanini majaha madyodzisiwa ku dyisa swifuyiwa swo hambana hambana tani hi timbuti, tihomu na tinyimpfu. Vanhwana vadyodzisiwa ku endla mintirho hinkwayo yale kaya tani hiku sweka, ku basisa no hlantswa. Vamathebula vana rirhandzu eka vanhu naswona vakhomaline tani hi ndyangu.  
[[File:Campamento de ganado de la tribu Mundari, Terekeka, Sudán del Sur, 2024-01-28, DD 157.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Example tribe member]]
'''Xiphato Xaka Mathebula''' 

''Mathebula! Khalanga. Mthondolovhani. Ncila ava olori, loko uwu olola wotshoveka. Wu olola hi n'wasati ndlwini.''&lt;ref&gt;http://ul.netd.ac.za/handle/10386/2258&lt;/ref&gt;


'''Rheferense'''
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    <title>Nyoka hansi</title>
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      <text bytes="292" sha1="s9vqcqnk1mrarg40ltsmh9ibmzzq6il" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Boiga nigriceps Red cat snake.jpg|center|thumb|nyoka]]

== '''Nyoka-hansi''' ==
'''Nyoka-hansi''' i xivulavulelwa lexi tirhisaki rito ro karhi ku ri nyika swiendlo swa vanhu&lt;ref&gt;Xitsonga Idioms and their Meanings in English - distinctionpass.com&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Refherense ==
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  <page>
    <title>Riendli</title>
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'''Riendli''' (ku suka eka Xilatini) i rito leri hi ntolovelo ri kombisaka nghingiriko (''tisa'', ''hlaya'', ''famba'', ''tsutsuma'', ''dyondza'').

Maendli ma nga komba nkarhi, xiphemu, ndlela leyi munhu a titwaka ha yona. Riendli ri nga ha tlhela ri pfumelelana na munhu, rimbewu kumbe nhlayo ya swin'wana swa swihehlo swa rona, ku fana na nhlokomhaka ya rona.

Maendli ma na minkarhi yinharhu leyikulu kunga nkarhi wa sweswi, nkarhi lowu hundzeke na nkarhi lowu taka.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Riviti</title>
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      <text bytes="255" sha1="ow43tyn5dgofpbujhhw7hcrtj7bab4x" xml:space="preserve">Riviti i rito leri yimelaka nchumu wo karhi ku katsa swienhleketeleriwa, ku katsa na swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka, tindhawu, swiendlo, swiyimo swa vukona na miehleketo. Riviti ri nga tirha tanihi nchumu kumbe nhlokomhaka endzeni ka xivulwa, kumbe xivulwahava.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Josefa, eAfrika-Dzonga</title>
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      <text bytes="220" sha1="3l6vepvuneg4rglrxx8f7r57r5271y2" xml:space="preserve">'''Josefa''' i ximutana lexi nga [[Limpopo|exifundzhenikulu xa Limpopo]], yi wela ehansi ka Vulawuri bya Vuhosi bya rixaka ra Mhinga.

== Swikombo/ Matsalwa lama tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist}}{{Vhembe District Municipality}}</text>
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    <title>Xivumbeko lexi bohiweke</title>
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Eka ntivoririmi, '''mofimi yo vumbana''' i mofimi (yuniti ya masungulo ya xivumbekovulongoloxamarito) lexi nga humelelaka ntsena tanihi xiphemu lexikulu, kasi '''mofimi yo ntshunxeka''' (kumbe '''mofimi yo ka yi nga vumbanangi''' ) hi leyi nga yimaka yi ri yoxe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mofimi leyi vumbaneke i muxaka wa '''xivumbeko lexi vumbaneke''', naswona mofimi leyi ntshunxekeke i muxaka wa '''xivumbeko lexi ntshunxekeke''' . 

== Ku humelela hi ku tihambanisa ==
Xivumbeko i xivumbeko xo ntshunxeka loko xi nga humelela hi xoxe tanihi xivulwana lexi heleleke, xikombiso ''Johnny is running'', kumbe ''Johnny'', kumbe ''running'' (leswi swi nga humelela tanihi nhlamulo ya xivutiso xo fana na ''Xana u endla yini?'' ).  Xivumbeko lexi nga humeleriki hi ku tihambanisa i xivumbeko lexi vumbaneke, xikombiso ''-y'', ''is'', na ''-ing'' (eka ''Johnny is running'' ). Ku nga humeleli hi ku tihambanisa swi nyikiwa tanihi xipimelo xo sungula xa ku vumbana eka tibuku to tala ta ntivoririmi. 

== Timintsu na swinembeletana ==
Swinembeletana swi vumbanile ku ya  hi nhlamuselo.  Swinembeletana swa [[Xinghezi|ririmi ra Xinghezi]] swi tala ku va swirhangi kumbe swilandzi ntsena : ''pre-'' eka &quot;precaution&quot; na ''-ment'' eka &quot;shipment&quot;. Swinembeletana swi nga ha va swa mpfelelo, leswi kombisaka ndlela leyi rito ro karhi ri fambelanaka ha yona ni marito man’wana eka xivulwana lexikulu, kumbe ri va ndzungelelo, ku nga ha cinca xihluvi xa mbulavulo kumbe nhlamuselo ya xiviri ya rito.  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Dead link tagged February 2025&quot;&gt;xihlanganisi lexi feke&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Miliyoni Makaringe</title>
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      <text bytes="1084" sha1="ml8o0vlpv58yielz1h202kvjxrujdvh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox President|office=[[Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature|Member of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|termstart=22 May 2019}}

'''Tutani Million Makaringe''' i n’watipolitiki wa Afrika Dzonga loyi a yimeleke vandla ra African National Congress (ANC) eka Huvo yo endla milawu ya xifundzhankulu xa Mpumalanga ku Million Makaringe hi 2019. U hlawuriwile eka xitulu xa yena eka nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa 2019, a ri eka xiyimo xa vu 22 eka nxaxamelo wa varhangerinkulu va vandla ra ANC.  Kusukela hi May 2022, a a ri Xandla xa Chief Whip eHubyeni yo endla milawu eXifundzenikulu xa Mpumalanga. 

Makaringe u velekiwe etikweni ra ka Kumana, ehandle nyana ka Thulamahashe, ximutana xa le [[Bushbuckridge]] [[Mpumalanga|exifundzheni xa Mpumalanga]] .  Khale a a ri mukhanselara wa [[Masipala wa Muganga wa Bushbuckridge|ndhawu eMasipala wa Muganga wa Kumana wadi ya 29 ya Bushbuckridge]], &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  laha a nga va Chief Whip wa ANC eka huvo hi lembe ra 2017. 

== Swikombo ==
{{Reflist}}{{Mpumalanga MPLs}}
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif</title>
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        <username>Andre Engels</username>
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'''Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif'''&amp;nbsp;(u velekiweke hi ti 9 Mudyaxihi 1992), loyi a tivekaka hi xiphurofexinali tanihi '''Sho Madjozi''' (/ʃ ɒ ˈ m ɑː dj ɔːr z ɪ / shoh-mah-JOH -zee), i muyimbeleri wa rhepe, muyimbeleri, mutsari wa tinsimu, na mutlhokovetseri wa Afrika Dzonga.  Maya u nghenisa ndhavuko wa [[Vatsonga]] hi vuyimbeleri na xifaniso xa yena xa le rivaleni.  Hi lembe ra 2019, Madjozi u hlawuriwile tanihi un’wana wa &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwIw&quot;&gt;Forbes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Africa 's 30 Under 30 hikwalaho ka ku hoxa xandla ka yena eka xiyenge xa vuyimbeleri na vuhungasi. 

Maya Christinah Xichavo Wegerif u velekiwe hi ti 9 ta Mudyaxihi 1992  eShirley Village, Elim, [[Limpopo]], n'wana wa nhwanyana wa Rosemary Phaweni na Marc Wegerif lava a va fambisa nhlangano lowu nga riki wa mfumo lowu a wu endleriwe ku pfuna vanhu hi ku lava misava ya vona. Manana wa yena i wa rixaka ra Vantima kasi tatana wa yena i ra rixaka ra Valungu. Endzhaku ka loko vatswari va yena va dlaye vukati a ha ri ntsongo, u kurisiwe ngopfu hi manana wa yena. Madjozi u na vasesi hi tatana hi tlhelo ra manana wa yena na tatana wa yena. Tanihi leswi tatana wa yena, Marc Wegerif, a tshamela ku fambafamba eka swifundza swo karhi swa tikonkulu, Maya u ve ni nkarhi wo famba na tatana wa yena, u n'wi landzerile a ya eDar es Salaam, e[[Tanzania]], laha a tirheke eka nhlangano wo pfuna vanhu lowu vuriwaka Oxfam loko a ha ri n'wana wa kondlo a ndzi dyi. U tlhele a heta nkarhi hi ku xavisa swiambalo etimakete ta le [[Senegal]] hi lembe ra 2016 leswaku a ta kota ku wundla ndyangu wa yena.

Endzhaku ko heta xikolo xa le henhla eXikolweni xa Matiko Hinkwawo xa Tanganyika eTanzania, Madjozi u nyikiwe mali yo pfuneta ku ya eKholichi ya Mount Holyoke eVuxa Hadley, Massachusetts, US, ku dyondza matsalwa yo tumbuluxa na [[Dyondzo-Afrika|tidyondzo ta Afrika]]. Loko a ha ri eUS, u sungurile ku tsala switlhokovetselo hi vito ra peni ra MayaThePoet.  Switlhokovetselo a swi vulavula hi tipolitiki, vumunhu na rixaka. Madjozi u tlhelerile eAfrika-Dzonga, laha a nga teka ximpfuno rixaka yo dyondzela eYunivhesiti ya Afrika-Dzonga, [[Joni|eJoni]], naswona u tlherile a kunguhata ku tsala tinsimu eka vayimbeleri van’wana va laha kaya.  U sungurile ku rhepa na ku qambha vuyimbeleri hi vito ra yena ra xiteji ra &quot;Sho Madjozi&quot;. Madjozi u tlakukile eka ndhuma endzhaku ka ntirhisano wa yena na muyimbeleri wa rhepe Okmalumkoolkat eka risimu ra &quot;Ngiyashisa Bhe&quot; na singili leyi dumeke ya &quot;Gqi&quot;.  

=== 2017–sweswi: ''Limpopo Champions League'', ''Vutomi bya njhani'' ===

[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Samuwele Dickenson Nxumalo</title>
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'''Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo''' u beburiwile hi lembe 1926 ,a hundza misaveni hiti 7 Nyenyankulu 2015. a ri Holobyenkulu wa vunharhu na wo hetelela wa Gazankulu, &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Former chief honoured&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; khale ka bantustan e[[Nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga ya nguva ya xihlawuhlawu]] . U tirhile tani hi Holobyenkulu kusukela hi ti 1 Dzivamisoko 1993 kuya  eka ti 26 Dzivamisoko 1994, loko bantustan yitlhela yi hlanganisiwa na Transvaal.

== Masungulo ya vutomi ==
Nxumalo u velekiwile eGijana Village hi lembe ra 1926. U velekiwile endlwini ya le hansi ya rixaka ra ka Ndwandwe, vatukulu vo kongoma va hosi ya nyimpi NGHUNGHUNYANI ( [[Nghunghunyana|Gungunhana]] ), nghala yo hetelela ya Gaza.

== Swikombo ==
{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nxumalo, Samuel Dickenson}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Enoko Sontonga</title>
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'''Enoch Mankayi Sontonga''' (1873 – 18 Hukuri 1905) a ri [[Nqambi ya Vunanga|muqambhi]] ya Afrika-Dzonga, loyi a tiveka ngopfu hiku tsala risimu ra Xixhosa leri nge &quot; {{Lang|xh|[[Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika]]}}  &quot; leri nga tsariwaka hi (Xitsonga; Hosi katekisa Afrika), leyi hi ku pfuxeta, yi yimbeleriweke tanihi hafu yo sungula ya risimu ra rixaka ra Afrika-Dzonga ku sukela hi 1994. Khale a kuri risimu ra ximfumo ra African National Congress (ANC)  kusukela hi 1925. Ritlhele ri amukeriwa hi muakelani wa Afrika-Dzonga loyi a ha ku vumbiwaka wa le n’walungwini, Zimbabwe naswona ri hundzuluxiwile hi Xishona, &quot; Ishe Komborera Afrika &quot; kusukela hi 1980 kuya fika hi 1994.

== vutomi bya le vuhlangini ==
Sontonga, Muxhosa, u velekiwile edorobeni ra Uitenhage eEastern Cape Colony . U dyondzerile tani hi mudyondzisi eka Lovedale Institution kutani endzhaku ka sweswo u tirhile tani hi mudyondzisi na mufambisi wa khwayere exikolweni xa Methodist Mission e Nancefield, ekusuhi na [[Joni]] kuringana malembe ya tsevu. 

== swa ntirho ==
Ndzimana yo sungula ya &quot;{{Lang|xh|Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika}}&quot; yi qambhiwe hi 1897 naswona eku sunguleni a yi kunguhatiwe ku va risimu ra xikolo. Swihlovo swin'wana swi vula leswaku u tsale risimu leri hi lembe rero. Ri yimburiwe ro sungula erivaleni hi 1899 loko ku vekiwa Reverend Mboweni, loyi a a ri mufundhisi wo sungula wa [[Vatsonga|Tsonga]] Methodist.&lt;ref name=&quot;sah&quot; /&gt; Hi ku famba ka nkarhi mutlhokovetseri wa Xhosa Samuel Mqhayi u tsale tindzimana tin'wana ta nkombo.

== vutomi bya n'wini ==
Sontonga u tekane na Diana Mgqibisa, n'wana wa nhwanyana wa mufundhisi wa African Methodist Episcopal Church, naswona va ve ni n'wana. Mgqibisa u fe hi 1939.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Edward Mhinga</title>
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'''Edward Percy Mhinga''' (5 N'wendzamhala 1927 &amp;#x2013; 2 Ndzhati 2017) a ri Holobyenkulu wa vumbirhi wa Gazankulu, khale ka bantustan [[Nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga|eAfrika-Dzonga  hi nkarhi wa xihlawuhlawu]].

Edward Mhinga i ntukulu  xidzi wa hosi ya Vatsonga loyi a tivekaka hi vito ra  Gunyule loyi nga tumbuluxa tinxaka to tala endzeni ka tinyimba ta Vatsonga ku fana na Maluleke, Bila, Matola, Makwakwa, Mondlane, Masangu, Mkhwanazi, Shivambu na van’wana vo tala. Laha tiko ra Gazankulu ri nga simekiwa kona  kahle kahle a ku tshama  hosi Mhinga ku suka kwale endhawini ya Pafuri ya Kruger National Park na swiphemu swin’wana swa le dzongeni wa Mozambique.  &lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa&quot;. ''publishing.cdlib.org''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==
{{Reflist|2}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mhinga, Edward}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho</title>
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      <text bytes="2644" sha1="3wb9u80ltt07vc0bpc486fu5g14irhe" xml:space="preserve">'''Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho,''' i yunivhesithi yikulu ya khale swinene eLesotho, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=67–80}}&lt;/ref&gt; yi kumeka eRoma, 34 km (21 mi) edzonga-vuxa bya Maseru, ntsindza wa [[Lesotho]] .  Nkova wa Roma wu anamile naswona wu rhendzeriwe hi xisirhelelo xa tintshava leti nga ni swiganga leswi nyikaka swivumbeko swo hlamarisa. Yunivhesiti leyi yi tiphina hi maxelo yo kufumala lama nga ni tinguva ta mune leti hambaneke. Huvo leyi lawulaka yunivhesiti i huvo na pholisi ya swa tidyondzo emavokweni ya Senate, havumbirhi Huvo na Senate swi simekiwa hi Nawu.

== Swidyondzeki ==
{|
|
* [[Vurimi]]
* [[Dyondzo]]
|
* Sayense ya Rihanyo
* Vutivi bya vanhu
|
* [[Nawu]]
* [[Sayensi|Sayense &amp; Thekinoloji]]
|
* [[Sayensi ya mahanyele|Sayense ya Ntshamisano]]
|}
[[File:Roma_Lesotho.jpg|thumb|236x236px| Xivono xa Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho (exikarhi) .]]
Masungulo ya Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho (NUL)  ya sungule hi siku ra ti 8 Hukuri 1945, loko Kholichi ya Yunivhesiti ya Khatoliki yi simekiwile eRoma hi vulawuri bya Rhoma Khatoliki bya le Dzongeni wa Afrika. Ku simekiwa ka kholichi leyi akuri ku hetiseka ka xiboho lexi tekiweke hi 1938 hi Synod ya vabixopo va Khatoliki e Afrika Dzonga ku nyikela swichudeni swa Khatoliki swa Afrika endzhaku ka matiriki na vulerisi bya vukhongeri. Kholichi ya Yunivhesiti ya Khatoliki yi simekiwile enkoveni lowu nga woxe hi 34 km (21 mi) ku suka eMaseru eka muako wa xikolo xa le hansi xa nkarhinyana eRoma Mission. 

=== Yunivhesiti ya Basutoland, Nsirhelelo wa Bechuanaland na Swaziland ===
Hi January 1, 1964, Kholichi ya Yunivhesiti ya Pius XII yi siviwe hi Yunivhesiti leyi tiyimeleke, leyi nga riki ya vukhongeri ya Basutoland, Bechuanaland Protectorate na [[ESwatini|Swaziland]] leyi nga ni tsalwa ra yona leri nyikiweke hi Hosi ya Xisati Elizabeth wa Vumbirhi . Hikwalaho ka tsalwa leri fanaka, Oblate va hlayise vuxaka bya le kusuhi na U.B.B.S hi ku tirha eka huvo na ku dyondzisa, xikan’we na vukona  Pius XII College House, ndzhawu yo tshama eka yona ya vaaki va Oblate. 

Ku fambisana na mavito lawa ya hlawuriweke endzhaku ka ntshunxeko hi 1966, U.B.B.S yi hundzuke Yunivhesiti ya Botswana, Lesotho na Swaziland. 

=== Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho ===
Ku tekiwile xiboho hi Nhlangula 20, 1975, xo simeka Yunivhesiti ya Rixaka ya Lesotho eka khamphasi ya Lesotho (Roma) ya khale ka U.B.L.S , hi Huvo ya Rixaka hi ku tirhisa nawu wa Nomboro ya 13 wa 1975. NUL i mudyandzhaka wo tinyungubyisa wa Kholichi ya Yunivhesiti ya Pius XII na UBLS Yi teka ndhawu, swivandla, na miako leyi fanaka na leyi yi nga hundza, xikan’we na yo engetela.  


.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Winnie Mashaba</title>
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      <text bytes="3211" sha1="gg5p4v3gf595dxzijy9xaj171y01jmx" xml:space="preserve">'''Winnie Mashaba''' i xiyimbeleri xa tinsimu to dzunisa [[Afrika-Dzonga|xa Afrika Dzonga]], muhaxi wa TV, na n'wamabindzu. U velekiwile no kurisiwa emugangeni wa Kgoši Phasha, Steelpoort, u humesile alibamu ya yena yo sungula Vuphirhumeri ''20'' hi lembe ra 2000.

== Vutomi bya le ku sunguleni ==
Winnie Mashaba u nghene xikolo exikolweni xa le henhla xa Mashupje kambe u tshike xikolo endzhakunyana ka loko a pasile Giredi ya 11 hi 1998 ku ya emahlweni na ku navela ka yena vuyimbeleri bya tinsimu to dzunisa. Ku wisa ka yena ko sungula ku tile endzhaku ka loko a endlile audition ya Solly Moholo . Endzhakunyana ka ku yingisela, u humesile alibamu ya yena yo sungula, ''Exodus 20'' leyi humesiweke hi 2000.  U hlawuriwile eka masagwadi yotala, kukatsa na Kora ya Best African Spiritual Female hi 2005. Masagwadi man’wana ya katsa Masagwadi ya Vuyimbeleri bya Afrika-Dzonga (SAMA), Masagwadi ya Gospel ya Afrika-Dzonga na Masagwadi ya Vuyimbeleri ya Metro FM . Hi lembe ra 2010 u hlawuriwile tani hi muyimbeleri wa ndhuma eka masagwadi ya Mavonelo ya Vhuphita ya Vukhongeri. U fike a landzela xiphemu xo nyikela eka TV xa ''Amahubo'' eka Dumisa hi 2015. &lt;ref&gt;Winnie Mashaba gets a new TV gig | Channel&quot;. ''Channel''. South Africa. 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2022-05-15.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi Nyenyankulu 2022 u tekile Tebatso Phetla, loyi a tshamaka edorobeni ra le kusuhi ra Burgersfort. Nakambe hi Nyenyankulu 2019 u kumile Dokodela wo Hlonipheka ku suka eka Yunivhesiti ya Bibele ya Matiko ya Misava ya Trinity (TIBU) hikwalaho ka ntirho wa yena eka vuyimbeleri. &lt;ref&gt;Mvelashe, Phakamani (2019-11-19). &quot;Gospel star Winnie Mashaba receives honorary doctorate | Drum&quot;. South Africa: Drum. Retrieved 2022-05-15.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minkanerisano ==
Winnie Mashaba u amukerile ku soriwa na ku tlhelela endzhaku hi vaseketeri, endzhaku ka ku endzeriwa ka ndyangu wa ka Solly Moholo hi xihahampfhuka xa xihahampfhuka loko ku vikiwa erivaleni leswaku Solly Moholo u kombele minyikelo emahlweni ka rifu ra yena ku endla vuhandzuri. &lt;ref&gt;Moganedi, Kgomotso. &quot;Gospel singer Winnie Mashaba suffers social media backlash over 'aircraft showboating'&quot;. Times Live. Retrieved 6 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhlamuselo ya tinsimu leti rhekhodiweke ==

* 2000: ''Eksoda 20''
* 2007: ''[[Kea Letshaba Lefase|Ndza yi chava misava]]''
* 2007: swikhenso
* 2008: ndzi rhandza wena
* 2003: u nga tlangi hi kereke munghana wa mina
* 2001: chavani rifu erivaleni ra mintlangu ra le phakeni ya ellish
* 2003: u nga tlangi hi kereke leyi munghana
* 2009: hambi kova yini na yini
* 2006: miyela n'wana waka hina
* 2010: ku tiva Yehova
* 2011: ''[[Modimo O Nale Nna|Xikwembu]] xina mina''
* 2012: ''[[Bophelo Ke Leeto|vutomi i riendzo]]''
* 2014: ''[[Very Best Of (Live)|Swinene Swinene Swa (Live) .]]''
* 2015: 
* 2005: uta ya kwini
* 2016: ''[[1st Hymns Project Live Recorded|P]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;hurojete ya tinsimu'' 
* 2017: swilo swa misava
* 2018: ''Riendzo Na Winnie Mashaba Live eEmperors Palace''
* 2021: ''Muporofita Yeremiya hi'' vukhale

== Masagwadi ==

== tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist}}

== Swihlanganisi swa le handle ==

* Official website
* [https://iono.fm/e/166853/ Kellman - The Big Interview with Winnie Mashaba]
* Winnie Mashaba on Instagram</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Penny Penny</title>
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'''Eric Kulani Giyani Nkovani''' (u velekiweke hi 1962), loyi a tivekaka ngopfu hi mavito ya yena ya vuyimbeleri hi '''Penny Penny''' na '''Papa Penny. papa penny''' i muyimbeleri na n'watipolitiki wa Afrika-Dzonga,  loyi a tivekaka hi rirhandzu tanihi &quot; Shangaan Disco King&quot; hikwalaho ka xitayili xa vuyimbeleri lexi a pfuneke leswaku xi duma. 

U hlawuriwile tanihi xirho xa Huvo ya Rixaka, laha a yimela UMkhonto we Sizwe, eka nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa Afrika Dzonga wa 2024.

A a ri lontsongo eka vana va makumentsevu nhungu ku suka eka dokodela wa ndhavuko wa ndhawu leyi a tshama eka yona. A  a ri na vavasati va makumbirhi Ntlhanu. Ndyangu wa yena a wu ri lowu a wu hluphekile, leswi vulaka leswaku a nga dyondzekangi, kambe hi ku hatlisa u tiveke hi ku cina naswona u thyiwile vito ro duvulela ra Penny.  Loko a ri na malembe ya khumenkaye, u tirhile eka mugodi wa nsuku wa West Driefontein ekusuhi na Carletonville, naswona hi ku hatlisa u  balekerile swiyimo swo biha swa ntirho swa ndzhawu liya, hambileswi a nga wina swidlodlo swotala swa breakdancing loko a nga se famba, ku humelela ka yena ku tile hi ku rhekhoda na ku humesiwa ka alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya 1994 ''Shaka Bundu'', leyi nga rhekhodiwa hi vhiki hi ku tirhisa ghere yitsongo kambe yi ye emahlweni yi xavisa kwalamu ka 250,000 wa tikopi etikweni.  Vuyimbeleri lebyi byi kombisa mpfumawulo wa disco wa Xitsonga (Shangaan), lowu humeleleke eka ndhavuko wa rixaka ra Penny wa Vatsonga,  lowu hlanganisiweke na vuyimbeleri bya manguvalawa bya le kaya lebyi humaka eUnited States.  Hi ndlela yo ka yi nga tolovelekanga, tinsimu leti nga eka alibamu leyi a ti rhekhodiwa hi ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]] kumbe [[Xitsonga|ra tsonga]], &lt;ref name=&quot;Miles&quot; /&gt; kumbe hi ku kongoma ririmi ra rona ra Xihlanganu ra xifundzha xa Limpopo, rin’wana ra tindzimi leti nga twiwiki ngopfu eAfrika-Dzonga. Lexi a ku ri ku hlawula loku twisisekaka hi ku yimela Penny, loyi a a lava ku nghenisa ririmi ra yena ra Xitsonga &quot;emisaveni.&quot;  U tshamile endlwini ya Peta Teanet eTzaneen ku ringana tinhweti tinharhu loko a ri karhi a dyondzisiwa vuyimbeleri hi Hosi ya Disco Peta Teanet.

U rhekhodile tialibamu tin’wana to hlaya, ku katsa na ''Laphinda Shangaan'' (1997) na ''Makanjta Jive'' (1998), leti havumbirhi bya tona ti xavisiweke ku tlula ''Shaka Bundu'',  hambileswi a ku nga ri na yin’we ya tialibamu ta yena leti hangalasiweke ehandle ka Afrika-Dzonga, naswona u hatle a khulukela eka ku nga tiviwi loko mikhuva ya vuyimbeleri bya tiko yi ya emahlweni.  ''Shaka Bundu'' u tlhele a humesiwa emisaveni hinkwayo hi Awesome Tapes From Africa, leswi pfuneke ku pfuxeta ku duma ka yena eka vuyimbeleri.  Ku duma ka yena lokuntshwa ku hangalake ni tiklabu ta le Los Angeles .  Hi lembe ra 2017, u sungurile ku tumbuluxa vuyimbeleri hi xitayili lexi a xi vitaneke &quot;heavy gum,&quot; endzhaku ko karhala ku vuriwa &quot;Shangaan Disco King&quot;. U te: &quot;A ndzi si tshama ndzi ti thya vito ra Shangaan Disco King, vanhu van'wana va endlile tano. Ndzi karhele hi ku va vanhu va ndzi tiva ntsena hikwalaho ka ririmi ra mina. Vuyimbeleri byi tlula ririmi leri u ri vulavulaka.&quot; Alibamu ya yena yo sungula eka xitayili lexi a ku ri &quot;Goldie Bone.&quot; 

N’watipolitiki, Penny u tirha eka African National Congress tanihi xirho xa huvo.  U nghene eka mpfilumpfilu lowu hangalasiweke lowu nga tshama wu ri kona nkarhi wo leha na ndhuna leyi nga le [[Giyani]] mayelana na kungu ra mati ya mahala, a hlamusela leswaku &quot;u nghene eka ntirhisano na murimi wa ndzhawu liya ku pfuneta ku nyika mati eka vaatiko kambe switikomba onge u yimisiwile ku tirhisa pulani hi hosi.&quot; 

Ku sukela hi lembe ra 2017, u tlhela a tlanga eka nongonoko wa yena wa ntiyiso wa ''Penny Ahee'' eka Mzansi Magic,  lowu a wu rhumeriwile endzhaku ko humelela tanihi muavanyisi eka ''Clash of the Choirs'' . 

Penny Penny u tekile naswona u na vana va makumembirhintlharhi, laha makumembirhinharhu wa vona va humaka eka vuxaka bya khale. 

{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Vatsonga]]
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Doroba ra Polokwane FC</title>
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        <username>Rainfitnhlamulo</username>
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      <text bytes="737" sha1="33zdkxzjk2i0pqt6gbx2h937p5hxdr8" xml:space="preserve">Polokwane City FC yi tumbuluxiwile hi lembe ra 2012, hambileswi endzhaku ka loko vinyi va Bay United va xavise franchise eka ndyangu wa ka Mogaladi. Edzhaku ko tlanga eka tindhawu to hambana hambana ta nkarhinyana, xipano lexi xi rhurhisiwile ximfumo kusuka ePort Elizabeth kuya edorobeni ra Polokwane.

Bay United yi sungule kuva kona yi tumbuluka hi lembe ra 2006 loko franchise yi karhi yi tsandzeka eka National First Division, xipano xa Maritzburg United xi xaviwile kutani xi rhurhela ePort Elizabeth. Xipano lexi xi hete nguva yin’we eka Premier Soccer League na  malembe man’wana ya vukona bya xona eka National First Division. Endzhaku ka malembe ya 2010–11 ya NFD, Xipano lexi eka NFD xi rhurhisiwile ePolokwane, Limpopo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pizza ya xirhendzevutani</title>
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      <text bytes="416" sha1="1yd4x4wukwh2atvjbcdqxnq4ks0xxfb" xml:space="preserve">'''Pizza'''  i swakudya leswi humaka eItaly , ngopfu-ngopfu swa le Neapolitan, leswi hi ntolovelo swi vumbiwaka hi xisekelo xa xiphepherhele xa nhlama leyi endliweke hi koroni leyi nga ni comela leyi cheriweke matamatisi, chizi na swin’wana swi tirhisiwa leswi tirhisiwaka ku endla pizza, leyi bakiweke hi mahiselo yale henhla  hi ntolovelo yi va eovheni leyi pfurhaka hi tihunyi .

== Matsalwa lama tirhisiweke ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Doc Shebeleza</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1282124588|Doc Shebeleza]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Victor Bogopane''' ( d. 9 Sunguti 2025 ), loyi a tivekaka tani hi '''Doc Shebeleza''', ari mutshila wa kwaito wa Afrika Dzonga. Switlhokovetselo swa yena swo fana na &quot;Ingagara&quot; ,&quot;S'kumfete,&quot; &quot;Ebumnandini,&quot; na &quot;Ghets Ghetsa&quot; na ti'nwana to tala, swi n'wi endle mutshila wa kwaito loyi a dumeke swinene hi malembe ya va 1990 na le ku sunguleni ka malembe ya va 2000.

== Ntirhovutomi ==
Doc Shebeleza u hlohloteriwile hi tinhenha leti mbirhi ku nga Brenda Fassie na Mandoza, un’wana wa va sunguri va muxaka wa kwaito. &lt;ref&gt;Maliba, Amanda. &quot;Lifetime award for kwaito's Doc Shebeleza&quot;. ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 8 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Hi lembe ra 1995 u humesile alibamu ya yena yo sungula ya Shebeleza leyi a yi ri na risimu ra &quot;Ghets Ghetsa&quot;, risimu leri ri nwu hlohloterile leswaku a ya mahlweni ku humesa tinwana  ku landzerile risimu ra  &quot;S'kumfete&quot; leri a ri ba swinene. Endzhaku ka sweswo, u humesile ti alibamu tin'wana tinharhu: ''Tiger'' (1997), ''Ebumnandini'' (2000) [3], na ''Jiva Yoyo'' (2001). &lt;ref&gt;Notho, Snazo. &quot;Where are they now? Ebumnandini's Doc Shebeleza is still taking care of business&quot;. ''Drum''. Retrieved 8 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vutomi bya munhu hi yexe na rifu ==
Doc Shebeleza a pfuneta ku aka tiyindlu ta vanhu lava pfumalaka  ku sukela loko a tshike vuyimbeleri. U tlhele a pfuneta swinene eka malunghiselelo ya xilahlo xa Mandoza. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&quot;New age Doc Shebeleza: building hope and houses&quot;. ''SowetanLIVE''. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Hi lembe ra 2024. Doc Shebeleza a ri karhi a nghena a tlhela a  huma exibedlhele hi ku tikiseriwa hi mavabyi a kombela swikhongelo eka vaseketeri va yena. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Magagula, Nompumelelo. &quot;Ailing Doc Shebeleza heads back to hospital after being at home for festive season&quot;. ''City Press''. Retrieved 8 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Kanye, Thando (3 December 2024). &quot;&quot;We just need prayers&quot; - family in distress as ailing Doc Shebeleza admitted to ICU&quot;. ''Nehanda Radio''. Retrieved 8 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; U amukeriwile eka 'Intensive Care Unit'  xibedlhele xa phurayivhete [[Joni|eJoni]] . U endliwe vuhandzuri lebyi humeleleke hi December, naswona endzhaku ka mavhiki mambirhi, u vike leswaku u titwa a antswa kambe u kombele swikhongelo leswi yaka emahlweni eka vaseketeri va yena. U lovile hi ti 9 Sunguti 2025, ari na malembe ya 51. &lt;ref&gt;Naidoo, Alicia (9 January 2025). &quot;RIP Doc Shebeleza: Five things to know about late Kwaito star&quot;. ''The South African''. Retrieved 9 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Legendary kwaito star Doc Shebeleza has died&quot;. ''Times Live''. 9 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 202&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Zuma, Mbalenhle (9 January 2025). &quot;Kwaito legend Doc Shebeleza has died&quot;. Retrieved 9 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Masagwadi ==

* Masagwadi ya Mzansi Kwaito na yindlu ya vuyimbeleri masagwati 2018 Sagwadi ra Vutomi Hinkwabyo &lt;ref&gt;&quot;SA: Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards announce winners&quot;. ''Music In Africa''. 26 November 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndzhaka ==
Risimu ra &quot;Doc Shebeleza&quot; hi muyimbeleri wa Afrika Dzonga Cassper Nyovest ri xixime Victor Bogopane. &lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Sibongumenzi. &quot;Doc Shebeleza: Cassper Nyovest owes me nothing!&quot;. ''Daily Sun''. Retrieved 8 January 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Hi lembe ra 2014 muyimbeleri wa rhep L-Tido u samplele &quot;Ghets Ghetsa&quot; eka risimu ra yena ra &quot;Steve Kekana&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;'He was a real Grootman': Tributes pour in for kwaito legend Doc Shebeleza who died at 51&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==
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    <title>Vulawuri bya Swikumiwa swa Rihanyo bya Afrika-Dzonga</title>
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'''Vulawuri bya Swikumiwa swa Rihanyo swa Afrika-Dzonga''' (SAHPRA) i nhlangano lowu nga languteriwa eka ku lawula matirhiselo ya Switirhisiwa hinkwaswo swa Rihanyo laha tikweni ra Afrika-Dzonga. Yi tlhela yi va xiphemu xa Ndzawulo ya Rihanyo ya Rixaka .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who we are|url=https://www.sahpra.org.za/who-we-are/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630160334/https://www.sahpra.org.za/who-we-are/|archive-date=2023-06-30|access-date=2023-06-30|website=SAHPRA|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

SAHPRA yi teke mintirho ya Huvo ya Vulawuri bya Mirhi (MCC) xikan’we na Ndzawulo ya Vulawuri bya Radiation (DRC) leyi a yi ri eka Ndzawulo ya Rihanyo ya Rixaka (NDoH). SAHPRA yi vumbiwile tanihi nhlangano lowu tiyimeleke lowu vikaka eka Holobye wa Rihanyo wa Rixaka hi ku tirhisa huvo ya wona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who we are|url=https://www.sahpra.org.za/who-we-are/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=SAHPRA|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Matimu ==
Ku sukela eka Nawu wa Swilo wa 1965, Huvo ya Vulawuri bya Mirhi (MCC) na Ndzawulo ya Vulawuri bya Radiation (DRC) yi vumbiwile. Ku sukela hi 2018, Vulawuri bya Swikumiwa swa Rihanyo swa Afrika-Dzonga (SAHPRA) byi tumbuluxiwile ku siva MCC na DRC&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Keyter|first1=Andrea|last2=Banoo|first2=Shabir|last3=Salek|first3=Sam|last4=Walker|first4=Stuart|date=2018-12-04|title=The South African Regulatory System: Past, Present, and Future|journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology|volume=9|page=1407|doi=10.3389/fphar.2018.01407|issn=1663-9812|pmc=6300068|pmid=30618735|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-05|title=12 questions answered on the state of SAHPRA • Spotlight|url=https://www.spotlightnsp.co.za/2018/12/05/12-questions-answered-on-the-state-of-sahpra/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Spotlight|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Covid-19 ==

=== Switlhavelo ===
==== Xitsonga–AstraZeneca (AZD1222) . ====
Hi ti 6 Hukuri 2021, SAHPRA yi pasisile murhi wo tshungula vanhu wa Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New vaccine trial starts in SA that targets 501Y.V2 – and it may include a booster pill|url=https://www.businessinsider.co.za/a-new-covid-19-vaccine-trial-has-started-in-sa-targeting-the-501yv2-variant-2021-2|access-date=2021-03-20|website=BusinessInsider}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Endzhaku ka loko nkambisiso wa tliliniki wu ti kombe wu nga tirhi eka vuvabyi byo olova ku ya eka byo ringanela leswi swi nga vangiwa hi 501. V2 muxaka wa . ku tivisiwele Nongonoko wa ntlhavelo leswaku wu ta yimisiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Mueller|first1=Benjamin|last2=Robbins|first2=Rebecca|last3=Chutel|first3=Lynsey|date=2021-02-07|title=AstraZeneca's Vaccine Does Not Work Well Against Virus Variant in South Africa|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/07/world/africa/covid-vaccine-astrazeneca-south-africa.html|access-date=2021-02-08|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==== Johnson &amp; Johnson (Xitiviso xa Xitsonga.COV2.S) . ====
Hi ti 17 nyenyenyana 2021, nongonoko wa rixaka ro tshungula COVID-19 wu sunguriwile ximfumo hi ku tirhisa xiga xa 3 hi ku xopaxopa. Hi ti 31 nyenyankulu 2021, SAHPRA yi pasisile murhi wo tshungula wa Janssen lowu tirhisiwaka hi xitalo ku hetisa ku tirhisiwa hi xitalo hi ku hetiseka xiyenge xa 21.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Can I close my eyes?' Ramaphosa has Covid-19 jab with Khayelitsha hospital staff|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-02-17-cyril-ramaphosa-and-zweli-mkhize-to-be-vaccinated-in-khayelitsha/|access-date=2021-02-17|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==== KAPU YA KOVA YA COVID-19 YA PRIZER-BIONTECH ====
Hi ti 16 nyenyankulu 2021, Vulawuri bya Swikumiwa swa Rihanyo swa Afrika-Dzonga (SAHPRA) byi pasisile murhi wo tshungula wa Pfizer-BioNTech eka xiyenge xa 21 Mpfumelelo wa Matirhiselo ya Xihatla&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Staff Writer|title=South Africa approves Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/trending/476360/south-africa-approves-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use/|access-date=2021-03-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== MURHI WA IVERMECTIN ===
Hi Sunguti 2021, SAHPRA yi pfumelelekile ku va  ehansi ka Xiyenge xa 21 xa [[Medicines and Related Substances Act|Nawu wa Mirhi na Swilo leswi Fambelanaka na swona]], nongonoko wa Mfikelelo wa Matirhiselo ya Ntwela-vusiwana, lowu nyikeke mpfumelelo eka vaxavisi va ntlhanu va Ivermectin leyi nga tsarisiwangiki hi xivumbeko xa mpimo wo tiya wa nomu na leswaku switirhisiwa swa rihanyo swi khoma xitoko xo tala. Xivangelo xa leswi akuri ku kavanyeta kutirhisiwa ka switirhisiwa swa Ivermectin leswinga riki enawini na leswi tirhisiwaka eka vutshunguri bya swiharhi. Ku tirhisiwa ka xinkarhana ka murhi wa Ivermectin leyi nga tsariwangiki a ka ha ta lawuriwa no nyikiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-28|title=Section 21 Access to Unregistered Medicines: IVERMECTIN CONTROLLED COMPASSIONATE USE PROGRAMME|url=https://www.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Section_21_Ivermectin_Controlled_Compassionate-Use-Programme_Jan21_FINAL.docx.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hi ti 30 Mudyaxihi 2022, SAHPRA yi herise Nongonoko wa Mfikelelo wa Matirhiselo ya Ntwela-vusiwana lama Lawulaka Ivermectin. Leswi swi ta yimisa ku nghenisiwa ka swilo leswi humaka ematikweni mambe na ku hlayisiwa hi xitalo swa Ivermectin leyi nga tsarisiwangiki. Xivangelo lexi xa leswi akuri endzhaku ko dyondza ku tirha kahle ka Ivermectin eka ku tshungula Covid-19, akuri hava vumbhoni byo tshembheka bya leswaku ya tirha eka yona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SAHPRA statement on the termination of the &quot;Ivermectin Controlled Compassionate Use Access Programme&quot;|url=https://www.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/MEDIA-RELEASE-Statement-Termination-of-the-Ivermectin-Controlled-Compassionate-Use-Access-Programme-30May2022.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Vona leswi nakambe ==

* [[Nthlavelo wa COVID-19|Ntlhavelo wa COVID-19]]
* [[Ntungu wa Khorona ya 2019|Ntungu wa COVID-19]]
* Ntungu wa COVID-19 eAfrika-Dzonga
* Ntlhavelo wa COVID-19 eAfrika-Dzonga

== Tinhlamuselo ==

== khokelo ra le handle ==

* [https://www.sahpra.org.za/ Website ya SAHPRA]

== Matsalwa lama tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Kgotso Nkgatho</title>
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'''Kgotso Nkgatho''' (loyi a velekiweke hi 1953) i mutlangi wa Afrika Dzonga, mutsari, mutsari wa matsalwa, muhumelerisi, na mufambisi loyi a dumeke hi xiphemu xa yena e Mopheme.
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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    <title>Tiholo to Dyondzela Eyunivhesiti ya Limpopo</title>
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      <text bytes="1511" sha1="jdcvsvxrgm02xoef92ce2m4p340ljcq" xml:space="preserve">== '''Xiyimo xa tiholo to dyondzela eyunivhesiti ya Limpopo''' ==
'''Tiholo''' ta dyondzo [https://www.ul.ac.za/ eyunivhesiti ya Limpopo] &lt;ref&gt;https://www.ul.ac.za/&lt;/ref&gt;ti tshama ti basile naswona ti hlayisekile. Loko va nghena, swichudeni na valeteri va hlangana na ndhawu yo tenga, leyi lulamamiseriweke ku dyondzela no dyondzisela. [[:en:University_of_Limpopo|Yunivhesiti]] yi kombisa ku tikarhatela ku basisa tiholo ta dyondzo nkarhi hinkwawo, leswi swi kombisa leswaku yi tekela enhlokweni rihanyo na vuhlayiseki bya valeteri na swichudeni.
[[File:University of Limpopo Lecture Hall.jpg|thumb|Tiholo to Dyondzela Eyunivhesiti ya Limpopo&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ul.ac.za/about-us/&lt;/ref&gt;]]

== Ku basa ka tiholo swi olovisa ku dyondza no dyondzisa ==
Tiholo leti a ti lo basa ntsena, ti tlhela ti endla leswaku ku dyondza no letela swi olova. Ti na ku vonakala loku heleleke, switirhisiwa swa [[thekinoloji]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=technological+equipment+for+learning&amp;oq=technological+equipment+for+learning&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQABiABDIHCAIQABiABDIHCAMQABiABDIICAQQABgWGB4yCAgFEAAYFhgeMggIBhAAGBYYHjIICAcQABgWGB4yCAgIEAAYFhgeMggICRAAGBYYHtIBCjEyODk2ajBqMTWoAgmwAgHxBXKe5p0G5sJk&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt; na swivandla swa ku tshama leswi nga kahle. Leswi swi endla leswaku [[yunivhesiti ya Limpopo]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ul.ac.za/&lt;/ref&gt; yi va yin’wana ya tiyunivhesiti leti rhangaka emahlweni hi ku basa no va na switirhisiwa swa nkoka.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mpfula</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7380</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39422</id>
      <parentid>39421</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T10:00:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soek013</username>
        <id>11541</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39422</origin>
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      <text bytes="2131" sha1="4icvg1gricmvk76x2g013v6a9udpewo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Falling rain in mexico.jpg|thumb|Mpfula emexico]]
'''Mpfula''' i mati lawa ma wela emisaveni hi ku huma etilweni. Ma huma eka makhwiri lama nga emoyeni lama vumbiwaka loko moya lowu teleke hi mati wu titimela, wu tlhela wu bihika. Loko mati lama nga emoyeni ma hlangana swinene, ma tlhela ma tika, ma welela ehansi tanihi tinyatana ta matileti hi ti vitanaka mpfula.

== Nkoka wa Mpfula ==
Hi ririmi leri leheke, mpfula i ndzhavuko wa xivumbeko xa le henhla, lexi fambelanaka na ku hlangana ka moya lowu na mati emoyeni, ku tikela ka makhwiri, ku titimela, ku bihika, ku humesa matimba ya xivindzi ni ku sungula ku wisela ka mati emisaveni tanihi nkombiso wa nxaxamelo wa ntumbuluko. Leswi swi pfuna leswaku mati ya tlhela ya fika emisaveni, swi pfuna mbuyelo wa tihove, swiluva, na vutomi hinkwabyo lebyi xi huma eka mati.

Mpfula i xin’wana xa swiendlakalo swa nkoka swinene swa ntumbuluko no tsakisa swinene. Wu tlanga xiphemu xa nkoka eku kondleteleni ka vutomi emisaveni, ku kucetela ti- ikhosisitimi, vurimi, maxelo hambi ku ri mintlhaveko ya vanhu. Hambileswi hakanyingi swi tekiwaka swi ri swa nkoka, mpfula a hi mati lama waka ntsena ma huma empfhukeni i xiphemu lexi rharhanganeke xa xirhendzevutana xa mati xa Misava, lexi nga ni nkoka lowu dzikeke wa ikholoji, ikhonomi ni ndhavuko.

Eka xisekelo xa yona, mpfula yiva kona hikokwalaho ka mpfula ya mati e atmosphere yi condensing kuva mathonsi lawa yakulaka ya tika swinene kuva ya wela ehansi hikokwalaho ka gravity. Endlelo leri, hambi leswi ri vonakaka ri olova, i nhlohlorhi ya swiendlakalo swo hlayanyana leswi rharhanganeke swa maxelo. Dyambu ri hisa mati yo fana ni malwandle, milambu ni mativa, leswi endlaka leswaku mati ma khuluka. Loko mpfula yi ri karhi yi tlakuka yi tlhela yi kufumela exibakabakeni, yi hlangana yi rhendzela swiphemuphemu leswi nga emoyeni leswaku swi vumba mapapa. Loko mathonsi lama nga emapapeni lawa ma hlangana ni ku kula ma va makulu, ma wa tanihi mpfula ku nga mpfula ku va yin’wana ya swivumbeko swa yona leswi tolovelekeke.

Yin’wana ya mintirho ya nkoka swinene ya mpfula i mati emisaveni leswaku ku tava na vutomi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ku pfumaleka ka vutomi byo basisiwa ni ku khatalela mbangu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7381</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39462</id>
      <parentid>39451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:05:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nicocia</username>
        <id>11534</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Pollution</comment>
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      <text bytes="2423" sha1="qe0xbrwpaqjijmwf2x76dvpxbdprzsd" xml:space="preserve">'''Ku''' pfumaleka ka vutomi byo basisiwa ni ku khatalela mbangu leswi swi vula leswaku vanhu vo tala ava hlayiseki exikarhi ka [[vutomi]] lebyi basileyo ni ku khatalela mbangu wa vona. Vanhu vo tala va tsandzeka ku lulamisa kumbe ku basisa mbangu wa vona. Loko vanhu vanga basisi milawu ya ndzhawu leyi va tshamaka eka yona, kumbe va lahla thyaka hi ndlela yo biha leswi swi nga vanga mavabyi yo tala tanihi xifuva, vuvabti bya mavele, kholera, na swinwani swo tala. Vanhu vo tshama eka ndhawu yo karhi va fanerile ku hlayisa switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko hi ku tirhisa ntsena leswi lavekaka ni ku papalata ku thyakisa mbangu.

== Xana hinga khatalela mbangu njani? ==

* Ku hunguta ku tshwuka ka moya swi hi pfuna ku hlayisa mbangu wa hina.
* Ku hlayisa swiharhi ni swimilana
* Ku hlayisa [[mati]], misava na swo tala
* Ku lahla thyaka eka ndhawu yo lahla thyaka
* Ku tirhisa [[Mati|mat]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;i hi vuhlayiseki 
* Ku hunguta swilo swo lahliwa hi ku swi tirhisa na kambe

[[File:Pollution in Mankweng.jpg|thumb|Pollution]]
Leswi swi hi komba leswaku loko hi lava ku hanya eka ndhawu kumbe mbangu yo basa hi fanele hi yi hlayisa. Swi hi komba ma hlayiselo ya mbangu, ku va hiva na rihanyo ra kahle. Loko mbangu wu nga hlayisiwi swi vanga mavabyi eka lava va tshamaka kona. [[Thyaka ro biha|Thyaka]] ri vangelana mavabyi yo tala.

Ku basa ka [[mbangu]] i mhaka ya nkoka swinene leyi khumbaka vutomi bya munhu na rihanyo, mbangu, ni vuswikoti bya misava. Ku basa ahi ku basa ndlwini ntsena kambe na le handle ku fanele ku basa hinkwako laha vutomi byi endlaka kona. Leswi swi hi pfuna leswaku byi va lebyinene hi tlhela hi hanya kahle.

== Xiphemu xa vanhu hinkwavo xa nkoka ==
Hi fanele ku dyondzisa munhu wunwanan na wunwana ndlela yo khatalela mbangu,ku va na vutihlamuleri hi ndlela leyi hi hamyaka ha yona , ni ku tiyisa leswaku tindlela ta hina ta vutomi ti pfuna ku aka misava na mbangu. Hi fanele ku dyondzisa na vana ku hlayisa ndhawu ya hina.

Ku basisa mbangu wa hina ahi ntirho wa hulumendhe ntsena, kambe i ntirho wa munhu un'wana na un'wana. Loko hi tshama hi ri karhi hi anakanya hi swilo leswi swi endlaka siku na siku.Ndhawu ya hina yi fanele ku tshama yi basile masiku hinkwawo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/science/pollution-environment&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsalwa lama tirhisiweke&lt;ref&gt;https://www.epa.gov/p2/learn-about-pollution-prevention&lt;/ref&gt; ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Pollution]]
[[Category:Pollutionn]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ntlangu wa bolo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7382</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39475</id>
      <parentid>39474</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T13:18:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MTUWE</username>
        <id>11526</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/symptoms-causes/syc-20350800</comment>
      <origin>39475</origin>
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      <text bytes="5317" sha1="q7140dvx1hrdu0tloskxeewn2fwqw5v" xml:space="preserve">[[File:UL TSL BARCELONA FC.jpg|thumb|NTLANGU WA BOLO]]
'''Ntlango''' wa bolo, i ntlango lowu u nga le ku tsakeriweni swinene hi tiko ra [[Afrika-Dzonga]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa&lt;/ref&gt;. Ntlango lowu wu le ku tsakeriweni hi lava kulu na lava ntsongo. leswi swi hlohleteriwa ngopfu hi leswi va rhangeri va ntlango wa bolo ya tiko va nghenelelaka eka ntlango lowu. Vanhu vo tala va tshama va yi langutile kumbe ku yi tlanga, ngopfungopfu hi mahelavhik. Bolo yi tlangeriwa hi vatlangeri va 11 eka ntirho wun’wana na wun’wana. Ntirho wa vona i ku ringeta ku hoxa bolo erhinganweni ra valala. Xikongomelo xa ntlango i ku hlula hi ku hoxa tobolo yo tala erhinganweni.

== Swiyimo eka ntlangu wa bolo ==
Mutshami-nkulu wa ntlangu i n’watimpepe, loyi a tiyisisaka leswaku milawu yi landzeleriwa. Ku na na mudzaberi*, loyi a hlayelaka na ku kongomisa vatlangeri leswaku va kota ku hlula. Eka matiko yo tala ku katsa ni Afrika-Dzonga, bolo yi pfuna ku hlanganisa vanhu, ku tisa kurhula, na ku nyika vana nkarhi wo dyondza ntirho wa ntlango. Bolo a hi ku tlanga ntsena, kambe i vutomi eka vo tala. Ku ni tidyondzo to hlayanyana leti vana va ti dyondzaka hi ku tlanga bolo—ku tirhisana, ku tshembeka, na ku tirha hi mbilu hinkwayo.

== Nkoka wa bolo ==
Ku tlanga bolo swi endla leswaku miri wu tshama wu titwe kahle. Loko munhu a ri karhi a baleka ehenhla ka ndhawu ya ntlangu, a susumeta miri hinkwawo. Leswi swi pfuna ku hunguta ku nona, ku tlakuka ka xitlhava [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/symptoms-causes/syc-20350800 (cholesterol)], naswona swi pfuna mbilu leswaku yi tirha kahle. Hi nkarhi wa ntlangu, miri hinkwawo wa tirha – matsolo, milenge, xifuva, ni mianakanyo – leswi endlaka leswaku miri wu tshama wu tiyile.Bolo i ntlangu lowu hlanganisaka vanhu vo huma ematikweni yo hambana-hambana, swiyenge swa rixaka, ni tindzimi to hambana. Loko ku ri na ntlangu, vanhu va hlangana, va xiximana, va huwelela swin’we, hambileswi va nga riki na vuxaka bya rixaka kumbe bya ndyangu. Leswi swi kombisa leswaku bolo yi pfuna ku aka ku rhula exikarhi ka vanhu.

Loko u ri eka ntlangu wa bolo, a wu tlangi u ri wexe. U tlanga na van’wana. Leswi swi dyondzisa munhu leswaku vutomi a hi bya munhu un’we ntsena, kambe bya ntlawa. Ku va ni vutihlamuleri, ku yingisela, ku pfuna, na ku xixima van’wana hi swilo leswi dyondzisiwaka hi ntlangu wa bolo.Ku ni mintirho yo tala leyi humaka eka bolo. Ku ni vatlangeri, vatshamaxitulu, valavisisi, vahlayi va mahungu, vatirhi va le stadiyamu, vaxavi va thyaka ra bolo, na van’wana. Leswi hinkwaswo swi kombisa leswaku bolo i ntlangu lowu endlaka leswaku vanhu vo tala va kota ku hanya hi wona. Ku tlhela ku va ni swiendlo swa ndzavisiso na dyondzo exikarhi ka vana lava lavaka ku va vatlangeri kumbe vatoloveleri va bolo.

== Leswi endlaka vanhu va tlanga bolo ==
Bolo a hi ntlangu ntsena  i vutomi. Yi dyondzisa vana ni lavakulu ku hanya hi rirhandzu, ku tshembana, ku tshembeka, na ku tirha swin’we. Leswi hinkwaswo i tindhawu leti nga xiximaka vutomi bya munhu naswona leswi endlaka leswaku bolo yi tlhela yi va xiphemu xa nkoka swinene evuton’wini bya vanhu vo tala emisaveni hinkwayo. a hi ntlangu ntsena wa ku tsakisa – kambe i ntlangu lowu endlaka leswaku miri wu tshama wu titwe kahle, ku tlula exikarhi ka mbilu, swirho swa miri, ni mianakanyo. Leswi hi swona swihoxo swa nkoka swa rihanyo leswi humaka eka ntlangu wa bolo

== Ntshovelo lowunene wa ntlangu wa bolo ==
Loko u ri karhi u tlanga bolo, mbilu ya tirha swinene. Leswi swi pfuna leswaku ngati yi famba kahle emarhumbini hinkwawo ya miri, naswona swi pfuna ku hunguta khombo ra mavabyi ya mbilu. Ku baleka, ku tlanta, ku pfula milenge, na ku tlhontlha bolo swi endla leswaku swirho swa miri swi tshama swi ri exiyin’wini lexi nga riki na vuvabyi. Leswi swi pfuna ku tiyisa matsolo ni milenge. Ku tlanga bolo swi tirhisa matimba yo tala. Leswi swi endla leswaku munhu a hisa mafurha ya le miri, ku hunguta ku nona, naswona swi pfuna ku lawula ntiko. Ku tlanga bolo a swi ri swona ku phameriwa ntsena, kambe swi tlanga xiphemu xa nkoka eku hlayiseni ka [https://www.health.gov.za/ rihanyo]&lt;ref&gt;National Department of Health – National Department of Health Website&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;National Department of Health – National Department of Health Website&lt;/ref&gt; ra wena. Hi ku tirhisa miri, mianakanyo, ni ku hanya hi xitalo, bolo yi endla leswaku vutomi bya wena byi antswa. 

== Nkatsakanyo ==
i ntlango lowu rhandziwaka ngopfu, lowu lowunene ku tlanga na ku khomiwa hi vanhu hinkwavo, ku suka eka vana ku ya eka lavakulu. Bolo i ntlangu lowu hlanganisaka vanhu, ku va pfuna ku tirhisana ni ku tshama swi tiyile. Swakudya swa bolo, ku katsa ni ku baleka, swi pfuna miri ku tshama wu ri exiyin’wini, ku tlosa khombo ra mavabyi ya mbilu ni ku ya emahlweni na mimiri. Ku tlanga bolo swi pfuna ku endla ntirho hi xitalo, ku titimela hi ku tshembeleka, na ku pfuna vutomi bya mianakanyo. Eka ntlangu wa bolo, munhu u rhandza ku tshama a tirhisana na van’wana, ku tirha hi vuswikoti, na ku langutana ni mikhuva ya ndzhavisiso, tanihi ku tiva milawu ya ntlangu.

== Matsalwa lama nga tirhisiwa ==
https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/symptoms-causes/syc-20350800</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ku xanixiwa ka vana na va vasati laha Afrika-Dzonga.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7383</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39415</id>
      <parentid>39401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T09:07:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RodgersBT</username>
        <id>11530</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>new page</comment>
      <origin>39415</origin>
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      <text bytes="527" sha1="dpu6ey3d5c1e4k22z07y5b79t53gca2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Lesotho women 2008.jpg|thumb|288x288px]]
'''Ku''' xanixiwa ka vana na va vasati laha [[Afrika-Dzonga]] i mhaka leyi khomisaka tingana swinene eka vurhangeli bya tiko xikanwe na lea vaaki.Afriika-Dzonga  yinwana ya matiko lama nga na tinhlayo ta le henhla ta ku xanisiwa ka va vasati na vana.Leswi swivangi  hikokwalaho ka leswi tihlayo ta ku xanisiwa ka vana xikan'we na va vasati titlakukaka siku rin'wana na rin'wana.Kwalomu ka makume nhungu wa tipercent ku vikiwa leswaku timhangu ta ku fana na leti ta humelela emind</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xifundzha xa Limpopo eAfrika-Dzonga xina tintshava to saseka swinene</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7384</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39466</id>
      <parentid>39452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:06:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rainfitnhlamulo</username>
        <id>11535</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mountains</comment>
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      <text bytes="2608" sha1="dexhdjh7prjqin4jjw9mkew7rfomb81" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The beautiful Mountains of Limpopo.jpg|thumb|Mountains]]
[[Limpopo|'''Xifundzha''' xa Limpopo]] eAfrika-Dzonga xina tintshava to saseka swinene ''',''' leti i tintshava leti vumbiweke  hi tumbuluko wa xikwembu. Tintshava leti nga xikarhi ka mankweng-exifundzhezi xa Limpopo a hi swifaniso ntsena, i xiphemu xa nkoka eka vanhu tanihi vutomi bya masiku na masiku. Vanhu lava tshamaka laha va kumile ku tirhisa tintshava leti hi tindlela to hambana hambana ku katsa na swa ntumbuluko na ndhavuko. 

== Tindhawu ta ntumbuluko wa swihari&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/science/mountain-landform&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Ndhawu yo tiviwa swinene i Turfloop Nature Rerseve , leyi nga kusuhi ni [[Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo|Yunivhesithi ya Limpopo]]. Ndhawu leyi yi lawuriwa hi vaaki va kwalaho naswona yi tirha tanihi ndhawu ya swihari. Vayimeri  va nga kambela ndhawu leyi va vona swiharhi swo hambana hambana tanihi ti impala na swiharhi leswi kumekaka eka maribye yo tsekatseka. Ndhawu leyi i yin'wana leyi swihari swo tala swi kumaka kumbe ku hanya vutomi lebyi faneleke  hi ku hetiseka. Tintshava leti ti hlayise ntumbuluko wa masiku hinkwawo wa mahanyelo ya masiku hinkwawo. Hi ku komisa swiharhi hinkwaswo swi hlayisekile etintshaveni naswona ku hlayiseka ka swona swi endla ntumbuluko kumbe ntumbuluko wa swona wu ya emahlweni wu tatisa un'wana lowu nga ta endla vana kumbe lava va ha bebuliwaka vatshama va wu tiva

== Ku tiphima hi ndhavuko ==
Hi mavhiki , u ta kuma swichudeni swa Yunivhesithi ya Limpopo kumbe mindyangu ya kwala endhawini va famba hi milenge eka tindlela to olova leti nga exikarhi ka maribye. Tindlela leti a ti tikombi, naswona ti nyika swifaniso swo saseka  swinene, ngopfu-ngopfu loko dyambu ri voninga nkarhi wa ku pela kumbe ku pela.

Maribye man'wana ma sasekile swinene, Eka lava rhandzaka ku nkandziya maribye , tintshava leti ti humelela tanihi ndhawu leyi nga ni maribye lama lavaka vuswikoti byo karhi ku swi khandziya.

== Ndzhuti wa Ndhavuko ==
Hi xikombiso, ribye rin'wana leri nga na xivumbeko xo hlawuleka ri nga xo hlawuleka ri nga ha va ri tekiwa ri ri tindhawu yo kwetsima swinenenleyi kumekaka eka xivumbeko xa muxaka wo karhi. Hi ndlela leyi, switori swa swikwembu kumbe timhaka ta vahlampfi swi hambeta swi hlayisiwa.

Tintshava ti na nkoka lowukulu vaaki va le Mankweng ,ngopfu-ngopfu  eka va Nothern Sotho. Vakhotsiwa va tala ku hlayela vana switori swa khale swa miehleketo na mintirho ya matimba leswi hlayisiwa eka mintshava leyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/science/list-of-mountains-2009175&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsalwa lama tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mountain]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndhavuko waka hina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7385</id>
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      <parentid>39407</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T09:05:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ngetelo</username>
        <id>11517</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>will contiune</comment>
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      <text bytes="152" sha1="7rgwstr3agdn4yxcl1bm84uklh3qpqh" xml:space="preserve">'''Ndhavuko waka hina'''

A hi tlangeleni ndhavuko waka hina Vatsonga, Vatsonga va xi viri, Vatsonga vo chava ku tsonga swa van'wani. hina hi maatsonga.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maxelo ya Afrika-Dzonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7386</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39468</id>
      <parentid>39463</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:07:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mosomatumelo</username>
        <id>11531</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>refference</comment>
      <origin>39468</origin>
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      <text bytes="1973" sha1="2ei1quyutyoh2dmj5uyphev928gqctq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Weather symbols p.png|thumb|'''Maxelo ya Afrika-Dzonga''']]
'''Maxelo ya Afrika Dzonga''' ya ni ku cinca cinca ko tala hi ku ya hi tinguva ta lembe, naswona i xikombiso xa ntumbuluko. Maxelo ya vumbiwa hi lava va nga na vuswikoti byo vhumba maxelo. Loko swita eka maxelo a hi mikarhi hinkwayo laha vavumbi va maxelo va nga ta vumba swona.

== Nkoka wa maxelo ==
Maxelo ya na nkoka eka vanhu va Afrika-Dzonga hikuva  yi pfuna ku tiva nkarhi wo byala swimilana swa karhi ku ya hi tinguva. ku na tinguva ta mune elembeni ku nga :xumumu, ximun'wana, xixika, xixikana.  

== nkoka wa maxelo eka swimilana ==
[[Afrika-Dzonga]] ya hisa swinene naswona i tiko ro oma, leyi nga na mpfula ya le xikarhi ya ku tlula 65% hi lembe. Loko ku na mpfula swi tekiwa tanihi mpimo wale hansi lowu phameriwaka swimilana. Swimilana swo tala swi lava ngopfu mpfula yale henhla ku fana na swimilana swa tiya leswi lavaka ku tlula 1000mm hi lembe. Leswi swi komba leswiku swimilana swa tiya swi fanele swi byariwa hi minkarhi ya mpfula ku nga xixika. Swi byariwa swo fana na swa mihandzu yi n'wana yi byariwa hi xixika hikuva swimilana na swona swi lava dyambu hambi leswi loko swi kuma ngopfu dyambu swin'wana swa fa swi tlhela swi oma. Swibyariwa swicheletiwa na nhlekani loko ku omilehi ximumu tani hi leswi minkarhi yin'wana mpfula yi kumekaka ngopfu hi xixika. 

Swina nkoka swinene ku tiva minkarhi yo byala swimilana hikuva loko u nga landzeleli tinguva ta swimilana, swimilana swin'wana swi ta fa kumbe swinga kuli kuya hi mfanelo. 

== Nkoka wa maxelo eka vanhu na swiharhi ==
Handle ka swimilana, maxelo ma nga hi tirhela eka swin'wana swo fana na mati, loko ku hisa ngopfu mati na wona ma oma. leswi vulaka leswaku dyambu ri hisa mati, naswona loko ku hisa ngopfu swi endla leswaku vanhu va tshama va tirhisa mati minkarhi yo tala  . Mati i ya nkoka eka rihanyu ra vanhu na swihari naswona ya tirhisiwa swilo swo tala. Xixika a xi kahle eka vanhu.

== Matsalwa lama tirhisiweke ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xipano xa yunivhesiti ya Limpopo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7387</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39461</id>
      <parentid>39449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:04:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Unite Mkhabela</username>
        <id>11522</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>39461</origin>
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      <text bytes="4092" sha1="hrrw14nxn29qkfuipd4gnehjbfgqz7s" xml:space="preserve">[[File:University of Limpopo football club.jpg|thumb|399x399px|'''University of Limpopo football club''']]


'''Xipano''' xa bolo ya milenge xa ​​Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo xi endle ku tsutsuma loku hlohlotelaka no tiyimisela eka mphikizano wa bolo ya milenge wa 2024 wa USSA (University Sports South Africa)[https://www.ul.ac.za/ul-football-club-defeats-moria-sweepers-to-advance-in-nedbank-cup-preliminaries/], eku heteleleni wu tiyisisa mendlele ya silivhere ya ndhuma na ku tlakusiwa eka &lt;nowiki&gt;''pool A''&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Ku humelela loku ko hlamarisa ku kombisile ku tiyisela ka xipano, vutlhari, na vun’we, tani hi leswi va langutaneke na swipano swo tiko swa ntlangu wa bolo.

== Matirhelo ya Xiyenge xa ​​Ntlawa . ==
Mphikizano lowu wu sungurile hi ntlangu wo nonoka laha Yunivhesiti ya limpopo ayi tlanga na xipano Varsity College, leyi nga hela hi ku ringana ka 0-0. Hambi leswi xipano xi kombiseke vusirheleri lebyi tiyeke na ntirhisano wa ntlawa, a va swi kotanga ku tirhisa minkarhi yo nghenisa swikoweto. Ku hoxa xandla swi veke xisekelo xa vuxiyaxiya kambe lexi tiyeke xa tsima ra vona.Eka ntlangu wa vumbirhi, Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo yi langutane na UKZN (Yunivhesiti ya KwaZulu-Natal) yin’wana ya lava a va tsakeriwa hi mphikizano. Hambi leswi a nga veka nyimpi ya matimba, Limpopo yi hluriwile hi 3-1. Leswi a ku ri ku tlhelela endzhaku ko tika, kambe swi tlhele swi tirha tanihi xitsundzuxo xa leswaku xipano xi kambisisa nakambe tindlela ta xona ni ku tlhelela endzhaku hi matimba. Nhlamulo yi tile hi ku hatlisa eka ntlangu wa vunharhu na Sefako Makgatho University, laha xipano xi nga tiyisisa ku hlula loku khorwisaka hi 3-1. Ku hlula loku ku tlakusile moya naswona ku kombisile vuswikoti byo hlasela bya xipano xa Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo. Nsusumeto wu yise eka ntlangu wa vumune na North-West University (NWU), laha ku hlula lokuntsongo kambe ka nkoka hi 1-0 ku fikeleleke, ku tiyisisa xipano eka ndhawu eka semi-final.[https://ussa.org.za/]

Eka ntlangu wa vumbirhi, Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo yi langutane na UKZN (Yunivhesiti ya KwaZulu-Natal) yin’wana ya lava a va tsakeriwa hi mphikizano.  Limpopo yi hluriwile hi 3-1 emakumu ka xiteji xa ntlawa, yunivhesiti ya Limpopo yi vekiwile eka xiyimo xa vumbirhi hi 7 wa tinhla, endzhaku ka UKZN leyi nga ehenhla ka ntlawa hi 12 wa tinhla.  matirhelo ya xipano xa Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo hi ku angarhela a ya ringanerile ku va nyika ndhawu eka &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;semi-final&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Eka ntlangu wa &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;semi-final&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;, xipano xi langutane na IIE College, xipano xo chavisa. Hi ku tlanga hi ndlela yo tiya ya vutlhari na ku tiyimisela loku kongomisiweke, Limpopo yi hlurile  hi 1-0 leswi aswi vula leswaku yunivhesiti ya Limpopo yiya eka ntlangu wo hetelela na Yunivhesiti ya Zululand, lani ayi tlanga na Yunivhesiti ya Zululand (Unizulu). naswona hambi leswi Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo a yi tlanga hi mbilu na vutshila, yi hluriwile hi 1-0 hi ku olova, lowu akuri ntlangu wo hetelela wa mphikazo.[https://ussa.org.za/]

== Mahetelelo: Ku tlakusiwa ku ya eka Pool A ==
Hambi leswi ku nga lahlekeriwa eka mahelo ya vhiki, xipano xa bolo ya milenge xa ​​Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo xi kumile mendlele ya silivhere naswona xi fikelele xiyimo xa nkoka xa nkoka: ku tlakusiwa  eka Pool A, xiyimo xa le henhla xa bolo ya milenge ya le yunivhesiti eAfrika-Dzonga. Ntlakuso lowu i vumbhoni bya ntirho wo tika wa xipano, ku kula, na ku tinyiketela eka mphikizano hinkwawo. Hi ku gimeta, matirhelo ya xipano xa yunivhesiti ya Limpopo &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;USSA Football Championship&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; i nkarhi wo tinyungubyisa eka matimu ya mintlangu ya xivandla. Riendzo ra vona ro suka eka xiteji xa ntlawa ku ya eka ro hetelela, leri hetelelaka hi mendlele ya silivhere na ku tlakusa, a ri kombisi ntsena vuswikoti na maqhinga kambe na moya wa ku tiyisela. Ntokoto lowu kumiweke eka mphikizano lowu handle ko kanakana wu ta tirha tanihi xitepisi xo ya eka ku humelela lokukulu eka mphikizano wa nkarhi lowu taka.
[[Category:Football]]
[[Category:Soccer]]
[[Category:University sports south africa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fonetiki</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7388</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39464</id>
      <parentid>39409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:06:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zweli9999939</username>
        <id>11528</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added a link</comment>
      <origin>39464</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1871" sha1="jyqat96qfdka9ushlgkvuovguy3k3fi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Xifaniso xa swirho swo vulavula eka fonetiki.jpg|thumb|'''Xifaniso xa swirho swo vulavula eka fonetiki''']]
'''Fonetiki''' i dyondzo ya mimpfumawulo ya marito ya ririmi &lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/dikixinari&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/cabf8f49-0a6b-401b-ad85-ee0c14b3fce6/content&lt;/ref&gt; xifonetiki i dyondzo ya mimpfumawulo ya marito leyi landzelerisaka kumbe ku boxa leswi humelelaka loko mimpfumawulo yi vumbiwaka yi tlhela yi aviwa hi mintlawa. Loko ku hlamuseriwa ndlela leyi mimpfumawulo yi vumbiwaka ha yona ku tirhisiwa ririmi ra xifonetiki. Xifonetiki xi tlhela xi van a matsalele ya xona ya mipfumawulo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/Benchmarks/PRESENTATIONS%20FOR%20SHARING-%20Nov%202023/3.%20Chauke-Khosa_Xitsonga%20Language%20Features.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.collegesidekick.com/study-docs/5118237&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Dyondzo''' ya Fonetiki ti wela ehansi ka dyondzo ya fonetiki leyi katsaka na dyondzo ya fonimiki.

== Swirho swo vulavula ==
Swirho swo vulavula swi kumeka enhlokweni, naswona mbulavulo wo lawuriwa hi nkhuluko wa moya. Moya wu suka emabakwini ya timbambu na mahawu leswi hi nghezi swi tivekaka tani hi ''air flow. swhirho swa mbulavulo hi leswi landzelaka eka xifaniso:''


Mavito ya swirho swo vulavula hi ku landzelela xifaniso:

•Xa 1= Ririmi

•Xa 2= Milomo

•Xa 3= Meno

•Xa 4= Malaka

•Xa 5= Lakalaka

•Xa 6= Xindzin’wana

•Xa 7= Nkolo wa moya

•Xa 8= Tinsinga ta rito

•Xa 9= Nkolo wa swakudya

•Xa 10= Baku ra nhompfu

•Xa 11= Kholokholo

•Xa 12= Ximpya xa rito (xivandla lexi nga exikarhi ka tinsinga ta rito)

•Xa 13= Yinhla ya ririmi

•Xa 14= Emahlweni ka ririmi

•Xa 15= Endzhaku ka ririmi

•Xa 16= Rimitsu ra ririmi


== Tibuku leti rirhisiweke/Rheferense ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Ndhavuko]]
[[Category:Fonoloji]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndlopfu ya xinsati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7389</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39479</id>
      <parentid>39478</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-09T08:32:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3504" sha1="okng166ltjxa16p7669xnpaq0jd8jo9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Cow Elephant.jpg|thumb|Ndlopfu ya xinsati]]
'''Ndlopfu''' ya xinsati  i xin’wana xa swiharhi leswi nga ni xifaniso lexikulu ni leswi xiximiwaka swinene emisaveni. Hi vukulu bya tona lebyikulu, ntumbuluko wo tlhariha ni swivumbeko leswi rharhanganeke swa ntshamisano, ti khome vanhu hi malembe-xidzana yo tala. Tindlopfu ti na byongo lebyi hluvukeke swinene naswona ti kombisa mahanyelo yo rharhangana, leswi endlaka leswaku ti va yin’wana ya tinxaka ta swiharhi leti tsakisaka swinene.&lt;ref&gt;Moss, C. (2017). Elephant memories: Thirteen years in the life of an elephant family. University of Chicago Press.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlawulekisi swa miri na ndhawu yo tshama eka yona ==
Tindlopfu i swiharhi leswikulu swinene emisaveni, laha tindlopfu ta [[Afrika]] ti tikaka exikarhi ka 4,000-7,500 kg  na tindlopfu ta le [[Asia]] leti tikaka exikarhi ka 3,000-5,000 kg.&lt;ref&gt;Sukumar, R. (2003). The living elephants: Evolutionary ecology, behavior, and conservation. Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt; Ti ni xirhabyana lexi hambaneke, ni tindleve letikulu leti ti pfunaka ku lawula mahiselo ya miri wa tona ni ku twa mimpfumawulo ya le kule.

== Xivumbeko xa ntshamisano na mahanyelo ==
Tindlopfu i swiharhi swa ntshamisano swinene leswi hanyaka eka titandhawu leti nga fuma hi mabyanyi na misinya. Ndlopfu ya xisati ya khale swinene hi yona yi rhangelaka mintlhambi leyi yi tiveka hi vuxaka bya yona byo tiya bya ndyangu xikan’we na mahanyelo ya ntirhisano.  Tindlopfu ti vulavurisana hi ku tirhisa marito yo hambanahambana, ririmi ra miri hambi ku ri ku khumba.

== Mintlhontlho ya Nhlayiso ==
Ku nga langutisiwi vukulukumba bya tona, tindlopfu ti langutana ni nxungeto wo tala eka ku pona ka tona. Ku lahlekeriwa hi ndhawu ya vutshamo, ku hlongorisa, na ku lwisana ka vanhu na [[Swihari swa Afrika-Dzonga|swiharhi]] swa nhova i swivilelo leswikulu.&lt;ref&gt;Bouchardet, B. J., et al. (2020). Human-wildlife conflict and elephant conservation in Africa. Journal of Conservation Biology, 24(3), 567-575.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngopfungopfu bindzu ra timhondzo ta tindlopfu ri ve ni nkucetelo lowukulu eka vaaki, laha magidi ya tindlopfu ti dlayiwaka lembe ni lembe hikwalaho ka tinsiva ta tona. Matshalatshala yo hlayisa ma le ku endliweni leswaku ku sirheleriwa tindhawu leti tindlopfu ti tshamaka eka tona, ku hunguta ku lwisana ka vanhu ni swiharhi swa nhova ni ku lwisana ni ku hlotiwa ka swiharhi hi ndlela yo biha.

== Nkoka wa ndlopfu ya xisat ==
Tindlopfu ti hoxa xandla swinene eku hlayiseni ka vuxavelo bya ntumbuluko laha ti hanyaka kona. Tanihi vahangalasi va [[mbewu]] na vatumbuluxi va ndhawu ya vutshamo, va hoxa xandla eka ku hambana na ku rharhangana ka tindhawu ta vona.&lt;ref&gt;Campos-Arceiz, A., et al. (2019). Seed dispersal by megafauna in tropical forests. Journal of Ecology, 107(3), 537-546. ‎&lt;/ref&gt; Ku engetela kwalaho, tindlopfu ti na nkoka wa ndhavuko na ikhonomi, laha miganga yo tala yi titshegeke hi vupfhumba na matshalatshala ya nhlayiso eka vutomi bya tona.

== Mahetelelo ==
Tindlopfu i swivumbiwa leswi nga tshembisiki leswi fanelaka ku xiximiwa, ku tsakeriwa na ku kuma nsirhelelo wa hina. Hiku twisisa mahanyelo ya tona, ndhawu ya vutshamo, na mintlhontlho ya nhlayiso, hi nga tirhela ku hlayisa swiharhi leswi swo hlamarisa eka tinxaka leti taka. I swa nkoka ku seketela matshalatshala ya nhlayiso na ku tlakusa ku hanya swin’we loku nga heriki na tindlopfu ku tiyisisa ku hanya ka tona ekhwatini.

== Matsalwa na swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Ndlopfu ya xinsati}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vu bihi bya swidzidziharisi na swopyopyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7390</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39471</id>
      <parentid>39470</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:09:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mangogroove</username>
        <id>11518</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39471</origin>
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      <text bytes="458" sha1="sut92fjzh2o2ide8ive9a0qaymb8ije" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Alcohol on weekend.jpg|thumb]]
'''Vu''' bihi bya swidzidziharisi na swopyopyi laha [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika-dzonga]] byi na xiave xikulu eka vumundzuku bya vantshwa. Vantshwa va masiku lama va landzelela ngopfu swidzidziharisi na swipyopyi ku tlula vumundzuku bya vona , swidzidziharisi na swipyopyi swi endla vantshwa va masiku lama vangaha lavi ku nghena xikolo xikan'we kan'we noka vangaha hloniphi  lava kulu eka vona. Vubihi bya swidzidziharisi na.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vutshamo bya University of Limpopo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7391</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39448</id>
      <parentid>39433</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T11:45:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kayloww</username>
        <id>11525</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>matsalwa lama tirhisiweke</comment>
      <origin>39448</origin>
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      <text bytes="4253" sha1="q3jp0clcwz908wmx94terdwydf2kfri" xml:space="preserve">[[File:UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO RESIDENCE.jpg|thumb|University of Limpopo Residence]]
'''Yunivhesithi''' ya Limpopo (UL) laha leyi kumekaka exikarhi ka Xifundzha xa Limpopo eAfrika-Dzonga, i kaya ra magidi ya swichudeni leswi humaka ematikweni yo hambana. Hambiswiritano van'wani va yi vula ''University of The North'' hikuva yi kumeka e n'walungu.  Yunivhesithi ya Limpopo yi nyika nxaxamelo wa swivandla swa dyondzo, ndhawu yo tshama na swa le handle ka xikolo ku fana na mintlangu, ku lemukisa eka rihanyo ra miehleketo na swin'wana eka swichudeni. Yunivhesithi ya Limpopo yi katsa na swihlawulekisi swo hambana swa tindlu ta le khamphasini leti kurisaka moya wa swichudeni. 

== Khampasi ya UL ==
Yunivhesithi ya Limpopo yi na tindlu to hlaya to tshama eka tona ku fana  Robert Sobukwe, OR Thambo,Josephine Moshobane,Onkgopotse Tiro, Kofifi, Madiba  Heights,Tsietsi Mashinini,Lilian Ngoyi, Cuito Cuanavale , na leswi endlaka leswaku yi va xihlawuhlawu lexi olovaka no tsakeriwa eka swichudeni. Ndhawu leyi yo tshama eka yona yi ni ndhawu yo rhula, leyinene yo dyondza, yo wisa ni ku tihlanganisa ni vanhu. Ndhawu leyi yi nyika swichudeni swivono leswi hlamarisaka swa ndhawu leyi rhendzeleke, ngopfu-ngopfu hi tiawara ta nimadyambu loko dyambu leri pelaka ri hoxa ku vonakala ko kufumela, ka nsuku ehenhla ka khamphasi.&lt;ref&gt;Student Residences - University of Limpopo&lt;/ref&gt;

== Khamphasi ==
Vutshamo na Switirhisiwa Sunset View residence yi hlomisiwile hi switirhisiwa swa manguva lawa ku tiyisisa vuhlayiseki na ku olova eka swichudeni. Makamara ya kona ma anama naswona ma endleriwe ku amukela vanhu va munhu un’we ni lava tshamaka hinkwavo. Kamara rin’wana ni rin’wana ri ni swilo swa nkoka swo tanihi mibedo, tidesika, switulu ni tindhawu to hlayisa swilo. Vutshamo byi tlhela byi katsa tindhawu leti tolovelekeke laha swichudeni swi nga tirhisanaka na ku nghenelela eka migingiriko ya vuhungasi.

Ku engetela eka tindhawu to tshama letinene, Sunset View yi nyika switirhisiwa swo hambana swa vaaki ku katsa na makamara yo dyondzela, tikhixi, na vukorhokeri byo hlantswela. Swichudeni swi na mfikelelo eka vuhlanganisi bya inthanete lebyi tshembekaka ku seketela ntirho wa swona wa dyondzo na migingiriko yin’wana ya inthanete. Ndhawu leyi yo tshama eka yona yi tlhela yi va na vuhlayiseki bya tiawara ta 24 ku tiyisisa vuhlayiseki na vuhlayiseki bya vaaki va yona.

Vutomi bya le Khamphasini na ku Nghenelela ka Vanhu Sunset View residence yi tiveka hi vutomi bya yona bya xichudeni lebyi hanyaka. Vaaki va khutaziwa ku nghenelela eka migingiriko yo hambana ya ntshamiseko, ku tumbuluxa ndhawu leyi katsaka hinkwavo leyi tlakusaka ku kula ka munhu hi xiyexe na nhluvukiso wa vunghana byo tiya. Ndzhawu leyi yi khoma swiendlakalo swa nkarhi na nkarhi swofana na vusiku bya tifilimi, swiyenge swa dyondzo ya ntlawa, na migingiriko ya ndzhavuko, leswi kurisaka ku titwa ka xiphemu na vaaki. Ndhawu ya Sunset View yi nyika mfikelelo wo olova eka switirhisiwa swin’wana swa khamphasi, ku katsa na tilayiburari, switirhisiwa swa mintlangu, na vukorhokeri bya nseketelo wa swichudeni. Hakanyingi swichudeni swi tirhisa mavonelo yo saseka lama nyikeriwaka hi ndhawu yo tshama eka yona leswaku swi wisa ni ku wisa endzhaku ka siku leri khomekeke ra ku dyondza ni ku hlongorisa dyondzo.

Ku Hlayisa Ntivo-mbango Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo yi tinyiketerile ku tlakusa ku kondletela mbango, naswona vutshamo bya Sunset View i xiphemu xa kungu leri. Vutshamo lebyi byi endliwile hi switirhisiwa leswi nga onhiki ntumbuluko swo fana na ku voninga loku tirhisaka eneji hi ndlela leyinene, magoza yo hlayisa mati, na tisisiteme ta vulawuri bya thyaka ku hunguta ku onhiwa ka yona eka mbango.

Mahetelelo Vutshamo bya Sunset View eYunivhesiti ya Limpopo byi nyika machudeni ntokoto wo hlawuleka na vutshamo byo hanya. Hi mavonelo ya yona yo saseka, switirhisiwa swa manguva lawa, na vaaki lava hanyaka, i ndzhawu leyinene eka swichudeni ku bela riqingho ekaya loko swi ri karhi swi landzelela tipakani ta swona ta dyondzo. Kunga khathariseki leswaku u tiphina hi ku saseka loku rhuleke ka ku pela ka dyambu kumbe ku nghenelela eka migingiriko ya khamphasi, Sunset View yi nyika ndzhawu yo amukela leyi hoxaka xandla eka ntokoto lowu enerisaka wa yunivhesiti.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mapaluxelo ya vaxisati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7392</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39460</id>
      <parentid>39447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:04:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pengoes</username>
        <id>11532</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mapaluxelo ya vaxisati eka tinsimu ta Xitsonga leti hlawuriweke.</comment>
      <origin>39460</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4334" sha1="mklzteicukcd12qy1znnkztqy1jp3sa" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Xitsonga-Xibelani-Dancers.jpg|thumb|Vavasati lava nga eku cineni ka tinsimu ta Xitsonga.]]

== Xana i ntiyiso leswi paluxiwaka hi vaxisati eka tinsimu ta Xitsonga? ==
Nchumu wun’wana wa nkoka lowu kumiweke eka nxopaxopo lowu hileswaku tinqambhi ti paluxa vavasati hi ndlela yo biha, hikuva ti karhi ti vona swendlo swa van’wana vavasati kwala ku hanyeni na le mitini leyi va akelaneke na yona. Hi kuma leswaku tinqambhi ti tirhisa mikongomelo yo hambanahambana ku paluxa vavasati tanihi vanhu vo rhandza ngopfu vugangu.&lt;ref&gt;Mapengo, T. 2023. Mapaluxelo ya vaxisati hi tinqambhi leti hlawuriweke. University of [[Limpopo]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leswi paluxiwaka hi General Muzka na Oscar Makamu ==
Eka tinsimu ta General Muzka na [https://www.deezer.com/en/artist/51520122 Oscar Makamu], vavasati va paluxiwa tanihi vanhu lava endlaka timhaka ta vugangu loko va ri emitirhweni. Vavasati lava va nyadzisa vavanuna va vona hi vatirhikulorhi va vona, hikuva va endlla vugangu va ri evukatini. General Muzka u hlamusela leswaku wansati loyi a nga sindzisiwa ku va a n’wi teka u vuya entirhweni hi nkarhi wa xidyambu, loko a vuya mikarhi yo tala u va a ri na misava kumbe mabyanyi endzhaku ka nhloko ya yena. Leswi hinkwaswo swi hi paluxela leswaku nsati wa yena u va a ri ku endleni ka manyala a tumbela hi ntirho.
General Muzka u hetelela a boxa leswaku nsati wa yena a nga na wona nkarhi wo tirha mitirho ya muti hikuva a nga na nkarhi wo wisa entirhweni. U n’wi byela leswaku ku na tinhlengeletano ta masiku hinkwawo leti n’wi fambisaka vusiku.&lt;ref&gt;Mapengo, T. 2023. Mapaluxelo ya vaxisati hi tinqambhi leti hlawuriweke. University of [[Limpopo]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Eka risimu ra Oscar Makamu hi vona a paluxa nsati wa yena tanihi munhu loyi a nga sungula ku endla timhaka ta vugangu loko a sungula ku tirhela ekule na le kaya. Laha hi kuma nqambhi yi boxa leswaku yona wansati wo tirha a yi n’wi lavi, hikuva a yi ri na nsati loyi yi nga tekeriwa endzhaku ka loko a ta va a swi kumile leswaku u na xigangu lexi va nga hlangana entirhweni. U ya emahlweni a boxa leswaku vavasati hinkwavo va endla timhaka ta vugangu lomu va tirhelaka kona. U gimeta hi ku vula leswaku wansati wo tirha ko va nkatekokhombo, hikuva emitirhweni vo tala va rhandzana.

== Mapaluxelo ya vaxisati hi tinsimu ta Dokodela Thomas Chauke ==
Eka risimu ra Xitariyani ra Dokodela [[Thomas Chauke]], wansati u paluxiwa tanihi munhu loyi ntirho wa yena ku nga ku pfuka a bomba a ya tshamela vavanuna va vanhu evhengeleni na le tindleleni. Nqambhi yi paluxa wansati tanihi munhu loyi a hahlulaka miti ya vanhu hi xikongomelo xo teka vavanuna va vavasatikulorhi.&lt;ref&gt;Mapengo, T. 2023. Mapaluxelo ya vaxisati hi tinqambhi leti hlawuriweke. University of [[Limpopo]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mavonelo ya Eckson Maluleke eka vaxisati ==
Eka risimu ra Eckson Maluleke, hi kuma leswaku u paluxa nsati wa yena tanihi munhu loyi a n’wi nyadzaka no n’wi poyila emahlweni ka ntshungu wa kereke. Wansati loyi u paluxiwa tanihi munhu wo pfumala tingana, xihundla no yeyisa nuna wa yena hi vazalwana lava a va byelaka timhaka ta ndyangu wa yena. Hi twa hiloko nqambhi yi boxa leswaku loko a karhi a vula vumbhoni ekerekeni hi swidyoho swa yena tanihi nuna wa yena, kereke hinkwayo yi ba mavoko yi n’wi seketela loko a karhi a n’wi poyila. Hi tlhela hi twa leswaku loko kereke yi huma lowa wansati u tlhela a ya emahlweni a poyila nuna eka vazalwana lavan’wana, va vula leswaku a nge ngheni ematilweni hikwalaho ka swidyoho swa yena.

Eka risimu ra ‘xikerho’ ra Eckson Maluleke, wansati u paluxiwa tanihi munhu wo leva, loyi a nga riki na tingana. Wansati loyi u rhuketela vingi, ku fikela laha nqambhi yi n’wi fananisaka na xikero, lexi ku nga nchumu wa vukarhi lowu tirhaka ku tsema xan’wanchumu. Hi ku landzelerisa leswi paluxiweke hi tinqambhi eka tinsimu leti hlawuriweke, ku kumekile leswaku vavasati van’wana a va na mahanyelo ma kahle naswona vavanuna van’wana va ringeta ku va tiyisela no va rhandza hambi va karhi va nga hanyeki. Tanihile ka risimu ra Eckson Maluleke ra ‘ Xikerho’ wansati loyi wo leva hambiloko a rhuketela vingi, nuna wa yena u n’wi rhandza swiritano.&lt;ref&gt;Mapengo, T. 2023. Mapaluxelo ya vaxisati hi tinqambhi leti hlawuriweke. University of [[Limpopo]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsalwa lama tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Tinsimu leti hlawuriweke]]</text>
      <sha1>mklzteicukcd12qy1znnkztqy1jp3sa</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dokodela Tintswalo Mapengo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7393</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39465</id>
      <parentid>39438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:06:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndzalama Maluleke</username>
        <id>11524</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Ku lulamisiswa tikhatagori</comment>
      <origin>39465</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1575" sha1="24b25nqmw2cjytt6370iibimv51r1iy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Dokodela Tintswalo Mapengo.jpg|thumb|Dokodela Tintswalo Mapengo]]
'''Dokodela''' Tintswalo Mapengo, muleterinkulu wa tidyondzo ta ririmi ra Xitsonga eYunivhesiti ya Limpopo&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ul.ac.za/&lt;/ref&gt;. U kumile BA Languages hi lembe ra 2008. Hi lembe ra 2009 u kumile BA Honours (Xitsonga). Ku suka kwalaho a nga tshamangi hi mavoko, u yisile tidyondzo ta yena emahlweni laha a nga kuma MA (Xitsonga) hi lembe ra 2018. Dyondzo a yi lumi, u tlherile a dyondzela vodokodela (PhD) bya yena eYunivhesiti ya Limpopo&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ul.ac.za/&lt;/ref&gt; laha a nga havaxeriwa nguvu ya kona hi lembe ra 2023. Muleterinkulu, Dokodela Mapengo u letela swirungulwana, soxiyolingwisitiki, mfuwo wa rixaka, vulongoloxamarito na mofoloji.

== Vutsari bya maphepha ==
U kandziyisile maphepha lama landzelaka: Thematisations of Child Abuse by Xitsonga Music Composers &lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.56285/jltVol58iss1a6251&lt;/nowiki&gt;							&lt;/ref&gt;:, Andlalo wa mitirho na matirhiselo ma swivuriso swa Xitsonga: Xitsundzuxo eka [[Vatsonga]]. Stereotypical Representation of Women in some Selected Xitsonga Music Composers and Rethinking the role of humour in Raymond Nyathi's songs. &lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.56285/jltVol58iss1a6251&lt;/nowiki&gt;							&lt;/ref&gt;

== Masagwadi ==
Hikokwalaho ka ku tiyimisela ka yena ku tirhela rixaka hi ku hluvukisa ririmi ra [[Xitsonga]], u kumile masagwadi lama landzelaka: Rirhandzu xa vuhlangi (xirungulwana), mphikizano wa vutlhokovetseri (Avbob).

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Tintswalo Mapengo]]
[[Category:Muleteri]]</text>
      <sha1>24b25nqmw2cjytt6370iibimv51r1iy</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ta makulelo ya mina.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7394</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39458</id>
      <parentid>39427</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:01:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HlungwaneH</username>
        <id>11529</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ku ngenetela khategori</comment>
      <origin>39458</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3432" sha1="412a7shkfdpj0sun0hr2lkpxecm4m99" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Yindlu ndzi nga kulela eka yona.jpg|thumb|'''Yindlu ndzi nga kulela eka yona.''']]
'''Yindlu''' leyi ndzi nga kulela eka yona yi endle leswaku ndzi vona vutomi hi matihlo yo hlayanyana.Hambileswi a swi pfa swi ndzi tikela swinene eka swa tidyondzo exikolweni yindlu leyi hi yona a yi ni nyika matimba yo tirha hi matimba leswaku ndzi ta kota ku cinca xiyimo xa mutswari wa mina na laha ndzi nga kulela kona&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mafarana/@-23.9487288,30.371154,16.75z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x1ec3f716915c6af7:0x4fdc1f734768cc8f!8m2!3d-23.9597371!4d30.3703729!16s%2Fg%2F1tx1kqpl?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDUwMy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swa tidyondzo ==
Loko ndzi ri karhi ndzi kula, minkarhi hinkwayo a ndzi tinyungubyisa hi ku humelela ka mina eka swa tidyondzo. A ndzi ri muxaka wa xichudeni lexi heteka vusiku ni tibuku ta dyondzo, xilwela ku fikelela ku hetiseka eka dyondzo yin’wana ni yin’wana, kambe sweswo hinkwaswo swi tile swi ri karhi swi wa ehansi eka giredi ya khume, mihloti a yi tshama yi tsakamise tibuku loko ndzi hleketa laha ndzi etlelaka kona masiku hinkwawo. Ndzi tsundzuka ndzi tshamile etlilasini, ndzi langute swikambelo swa mina ni swiavelo swa mina hi ku chava leswaku ndzi nga ti kuma ndzi feyirile loko mbuyelo wa ku hela ka lembe wu huma. 

A ku nga ri leswaku a ndzi nga ringetanga. Ndzi hete tiawara to tala ndzi ri karhi ndzi kambisisa tibuku ta dyondzo, ndzi ringeta ku nhlokohata timhaka ni tifomula. Kambe loko ndzi ri karhi ndzi ringeta, ku humelela loku yaka emahlweni a ku vonaka ku ri kona. Ntshikilelo lowu akiweke loko mavhiki ma ri karhi ma famba, naswona ndzhuti lowu a wu ri ekusuhi wa ku tsandzeka a wu vonaka wu nga papalateki. A ndzi twa ku hlevetela eka vadyondzi-kulorhi ni ku languta loku hlekulaka, onge hiloko ku lwela ka mina ku ri nchumu lowu a wu fanele wu hlekiwa. Eku heteleleni, ndzi tsandzekile  hi ndlela yo vava, naswona ro sungula evuton’wini bya mina, ndzi kanakanile vuswikoti bya mina.

== Ku tshemba lokuntshwa ==
Ku titshemba lokuntshwa loku a ndzi ri na kona eka makulelo ya mina na yindlu ndzi nga kulela eka yona na ku khulukele eka timhaka ta mina tin’wana. Ndzi sungule ku tshinelela ntirho wa mina hinkwawo hi ku titwa ndzi ri ni xikongomelo ni ku tiyimisela na ku lava ku cinca xiyimo xa le kaya&lt;ref&gt;https://boldscience.org/the-challenges-of-growing-up-in-poverty/?gad_source=1&amp;gad_campaignid=22391056008&amp;gbraid=0AAAAADQBVftSPekY3jegS5Y9n-BDJqLyI&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMIu6Xok5ORjQMV1ZVQBh0PlgNmEAAYASAAEgKKafD_BwE&lt;/ref&gt;. Ndzi swi vonile leswaku ku humelela a ku nga ri ntsena ku kuma tigiredi ta le henhla. A ku ri hi ku kuma timhaka ni ku navela loku hakunene ku ndzi endleke ndzi hanya. Matimu a ma ndzi nyike ku twisisa  ka xikongomelo xa mina eka swa tidyondzo, naswona ma ndzi susumetele leswaku ndzi humelela eka xin’wana ni xin’wana lexi ndzi xi endlaka.

Ndzi dyondze leswaku ku tsandzeka a ku nga ri makumu ya patu, kambe ku tlula kwalaho a ku ri nkarhi wo dyondza ni ku kula. Ku lwisana ka mina eka Giredi ya khume, a ku ndzi dyondzisile ku tiyisela, naswona ku humelela ka mina eka Giredi ya khumembirhi ku kombisile leswaku hi ku tirha hi matimba na ku tiyimisela, xin’wana na xin’wana xa koteka. A ndzi tile hi xirhendzevutana lexi heleleke, ku suka eka ku tsandzeka ku ya eka ku humelela, naswona riendzo na xiyimo xa le kaya swi ndzi endle ndzi tiya.
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Yindlu ndzi nga kulela eka yona.]]</text>
      <sha1>412a7shkfdpj0sun0hr2lkpxecm4m99</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mbango wa Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7395</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39459</id>
      <parentid>39457</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T12:02:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39459</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1444" sha1="da7w4muk0fn3lvo28sddztxrj2fx0sx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Outside University of Limpopo.jpg|thumb|Ehandle ka Yunivhesiti ya Limpopo]]

=== ku thyaka ka mbango wa yunivhesiti ya Limpopo ===
'''Yunivhesiti''' ya Limpopo&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ul.ac.za/&lt;/ref&gt; yi langutane na swiphiqo hi ku basa ka mbango wa yona, ngopfungopfu ehandle ka miako na le matlhelo ka magondzo. Hakanyingi thyaka ri tshikiwa masiku yo tala ri hlengeletiwile endzhawu yin’we. Leswi aswi endli ntsena leswaku [[:en:Campus|khamphasi]] yi languteka yi thyakile naswona yinga tsakisi, kambe switlhela swi endla leswaku kuva na risema ro biha naswona swi koka switsotswana swofana na tinyenyana na timbavala.

=== xiave xa mbango wo thyaka eka ku dyondza ===
[[:en:Campus|Khamphasi]] leyi thyakeke yi nga endla leswaku swi tika eka swichudeni ku dzikisa mianakanyo na ku titwa swi susumeteleka ku dyondza.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/how-does-indoor-air-quality-impact-student-health-and-academic-performance&lt;/ref&gt; Swa tika ku dzikisa mianakanyo ya wena eka tidyondzo ta wena loko u rhendzeriwile hi thyaka na risema ro biha. Loko yunivhesiti yi lava ku nyika dyondzo ya xiyimo xa le henhla, yi fanele ku hlayisa khamphasi ku antswa no tiyisisa leswaku yi basile naswona yi hlayisekile eka un’wana na un’wana.&lt;ref&gt;https://pure.uj.ac.za/en/publications/influence-of-cleanliness-on-learners-learning-capabilities-and-ac&lt;/ref&gt;

=== swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ===
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mbango]]
[[Category:Yunivhesiti]]</text>
      <sha1>da7w4muk0fn3lvo28sddztxrj2fx0sx</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mall ya le N’walungwini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7396</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39436</id>
      <parentid>39435</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-07T11:10:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added links, references and a heading</comment>
      <origin>39436</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="700" sha1="n698hhmr2039zc3cjai8mfs68ti6j3g" xml:space="preserve">
 

'''[[:en:Mall_of_the_North|Mall of the North]]'''&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mall_of_the_North&lt;/ref&gt; (hakanyingi yi vitaniwa '''MOTN''' ), i ndzhawu ya mavhengele  leyi kumekaka eBendor Park, [[:en:Polokwane|Polokwane]] &lt;ref&gt;https://www.polokwane.gov.za/&lt;/ref&gt;exifundzheni xa [[Limpopo]] [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika-Dzonga]]. Yina ku hlangana ka mavhengele, tindhawu to dyela na (Ster-Kinekor ) cinema complex. 

Hi ti 14 ta Hukuri 2011, Mall of the North&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mall_of_the_North&lt;/ref&gt; yi pfuriwile hi khale ka Holobyenkulu wa Limpopo, Cassel Mathale hi byakwe etlhelo ka meyarankulu wa Polokwane, Freddy Greaver.

=== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ===
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n698hhmr2039zc3cjai8mfs68ti6j3g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Milawu ya Matsalelo na Mapeletelo ya Xitsonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7398</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39477</id>
      <parentid>39476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-05-08T13:21:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added referencers</comment>
      <origin>39477</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1258" sha1="a2hw3lyp7awrx1fbh9urvx6aivy470k" xml:space="preserve">=== Milawu ya matsalelo na mapeletelo ya Xitsonga ===
[[Afrika-Dzonga|Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindizimi ta Afrika-Dzonga]] (HATAD)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/&lt;/ref&gt; i xisimekiwa xa Vumbiwa&lt;ref&gt;https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; lexi simekiweke hi ku landza Nawu wa HATAD&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/&lt;/ref&gt; No 59 wa 1995&lt;ref&gt;https://www.parliament.gov.za/storage/app/media/Pages/2024/02-08-2024_members_induction/docs/Oversight_and_Accountability/Pan_South_African_Language_Board.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;. Xin’wana xa vutihlamuleri bya yona bya nkoka ehansi ka xileriso lexi i ku tumbuluxa milawu ya mapeletelo na matsalelo ya tindzimi.

=== Huvo ya Rixaka ya Ririmi ra Xitsonga ===
[[File:Xitsonga Spelling and Orthography Rules.jpg|thumb|Xitsonga spelling and orthography rules]]
Hi ku hetisisa vutihlamuleri lebyi, Huvo ya Ririmi ra Rixaka ra Xitsonga (HURIRIXI), leyi tirhaka ehansi ka vulawuri bya HATAD&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pansalb.org/&lt;/ref&gt;, yi tumbuluxile Milawu ya Mapeletelo na Matsalelo ya Xitsonga leyi ringananisiweke. Nkandziyiso wa sweswi wa milawu leyi wu kandziyisiwile hi 2019, byi tirha tanihi xikombo xa nkoka eka matirhiselo ya ririmi na nhluvukiso lowu nga cincekiki.

=== SWIHLOVO LESWI TIRHISIWEKE ===
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a2hw3lyp7awrx1fbh9urvx6aivy470k</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ntivompfumawulo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7399</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39486</id>
      <timestamp>2025-05-09T10:52:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nsuku Pius</username>
        <id>10488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Ntivompfumawulo''' i dyondzo ya mipfumawulo&lt;ref&gt;https://uir.unisa.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/cfb6a245-3e6a-4573-a80e-d8980821e715/content&lt;/ref&gt; ya ririmi, mavumbelo, matwariselo na matsalelo ya yona. Mipfumawulo ya [[Xitsonga]] yi aviwa hi tinxaka tinharhu, ku nga switwari, switwalana na switatisi. Ku na swirho swa mbulavulo leswi tirhisiwaka ku vumba mipfuwawulo leyi, swo fana na milomo, meno, ririmi, xindzin’wana, malaka, lakalaka na mahahu, baku ra nomo na...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39486</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1119" sha1="oxjayym5v3y2o2ttddz73r2owd4hwgf" xml:space="preserve">'''Ntivompfumawulo''' i dyondzo ya mipfumawulo&lt;ref&gt;https://uir.unisa.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/cfb6a245-3e6a-4573-a80e-d8980821e715/content&lt;/ref&gt; ya ririmi, mavumbelo, matwariselo na matsalelo ya yona. Mipfumawulo ya [[Xitsonga]] yi aviwa hi tinxaka tinharhu, ku nga switwari, switwalana na switatisi. Ku na swirho swa mbulavulo leswi tirhisiwaka ku vumba mipfuwawulo leyi, swo fana na milomo, meno, ririmi, xindzin’wana, malaka, lakalaka na mahahu, baku ra nomo na baku ra nhompfu. 

Leswi marito lama ya pfaka ya tirhisiwa ku lebula swifaniso swa swirho swa mbulavulo, swa laveka leswaku ya komisiwa ya ta kota ku tirhisa ndhawu leyitsanana loko ya tsariwa ephepheni. Kufikela sweswi a ku si vumbiwa mikomiso ya marito lama tirhisiwaka eka ntivompfumawulo wa Xitsonga. Vanyingi va ha tirhisa mikomiso ya Xinghezi kufana na Marivate nav (1988:40)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.academia.edu/98841327/Nkomiso_eka_Xitsonga_nxopaxopo_wa_ntivoririmi_The_shortened_form_in_Xitsonga_a_linguistic_analysis_&lt;/ref&gt; va nga tsala, xikombiso: “NT = Nasal tract (Baku ra nhompfu)”. 

=== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ===
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>oxjayym5v3y2o2ttddz73r2owd4hwgf</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Esim</title>
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      <comment>/* Swihlawulekisi Swa eSIM: */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2440" sha1="5o2exh9v4xd803bzm2b4bnbbdjdopdg" xml:space="preserve">=== Xana eSIM I Yini Naswona Yi Tirha Njhani? ===
'''eSIM''' (yi yimela ''embedded SIM'') i '''muxaka wa digitali wa khadi ra SIM''' leri tirhisiwaka eka tifoni, tiphulete, ni switirhisiwa swin’wana leswi hlanganisiweke ni inthanete. Ku hambana ni khadi ra SIM ra ntolovelo leri nghenisiwaka hi voko, '''eSIM yi nghenisiwe eka xitirhisiwa hi nkarhi wa ku xi endla''', naswona yi nga endliwa ntirho yi ri ekule hi ndlela ya digitali.
----

=== Yi Tirha Njhani eSIM? ===
Laha hi ndlela leyi eSIM yi tirhaka ha yona:

==== Xiphemu Xa Le Endzeni ====
Chipu ya eSIM yi chelelekile (yi khomiwile) endzeni ka xitirhisiwa naswona yi nga susiwiki — a ku laviwi khadi ra SIM kumbe slot.

==== Ku Sunguriwa Hi Ndlela Ya Le Kule ====
Ku hambana ni ku nghenisa khadi, u hlaya '''khodi ya QR''' kumbe u tirhisa app ya mupfuni ku nghenisa '''profayili ya mobile'''.

'''Tihlamuluxi to tanihi''': ''Airalo, Baztel, Holafly, kumbe netiweke yo tanihi Vodafone.''

==== Ku Hlayisa Tiphrofayili To Tala ====
eSIM yi kota ku hlayisa '''tiphrofayili to hambana-hambana''', leswi vulaka leswaku u nga va ni yin’wana ya le kaya ni yin’wana ya le Europe, u cinca hi ndlela yo olova eXitirhisweni xa wena — handle ko susa khadi.

==== Yi Tirha Misaveni Hinkwayo ====
eSIM yi pfuna swinene loko u ri '''mutlhuvukisi''':

* U nga '''lawula pulani ya data''' u nga si fika etikweni ro endzela
* U '''papalata ku hakela roaming'''
* A swi laveki ku lava khadi ra tiko ro endzela

----

=== Ndlela Yo Tirhisa eSIM: ===

# '''Kambela Loko Foni Yi Seketela eSIM:'''   Tifoni to tanihi iPhone XS ni le henhla, Google Pixel 3 ni le henhla, ni Samsung ya sweswinyana ti seketela eSIM.
# '''Xava Pulani ya eSIM:'''   Xava ehenhla ka inthanete ku suka eka mupfuni wo tshembeka (Baztel, Airalo, Ubigi, ens).
# '''Nghenisa Profayili ya eSIM:'''
#* Hlaya khodi ya QR, kumbe
#* Tirhisa app ya mupfuni ku nghenisa profayili
# '''Tirhisa:'''   Cinca ku ya eka profayili ya eSIM eka settings, pfuxa data roaming loko swi laveka — u le ku hlanganeni!

----

=== Swihlawulekisi Swa eSIM: ===

* A swi laveki ku cinca khadi
* Swa olova eka maxaka ya matiko man’wana
* Tirhisa khadi ra SIM + eSIM (Dual SIM)
* Lawula kahle hi app kumbe settings
* Swi sirhelekile swinene — swi nonon’hwaka ku lahleka kumbe ku yiviwa


== Swikombiso swa le handle ==
* [https://baztel.co/blog/what-is-esim-card-and-how-does-it-work/ Xana eSIM I Yini Naswona Yi Tirha Njhani? - Baztel Blog]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Angelique Rockas</title>
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      <text bytes="2538" sha1="g73nqczjq6yj1jpotz932kfmdlpwsmp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Angelique_Rockas_and_Okon_Jones_(The_Balcony).jpg|thumb|Angelique Rockas ,Okon Jones 'I-Balcony' ]]
'''Angelique Rockas ''' i mutlangi wa swifaniso wa Afrika Dzonga, muhumelerisi na mulwela ntshuxeko. U tumbuluxile khamphani ya tinxaka to hambana ya mintlangu ya mintlangu ya matiko ya misava ya matiko ya misava eLondon hi 1981 ku tlanga tidrama ta xiyimo xa le henhla ta le Yuropa hi vatlangi va tinxaka to hambana. &lt;ref&gt; National Library of South Africa https://cdm21048.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p21048coll16/search&lt;/ref&gt; eLondon ngo-1981, 
&lt;ref&gt;https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Angelique_Rockas&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.dramaandtheatre.co.uk/practical/article/practitioner-focus-angelique-rockas |access-date=2025-07-04 |archive-date=2021-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016145618/https://www.dramaandtheatre.co.uk/practical/article/practitioner-focus-angelique-rockas |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;   Athol Fugard a a ri mupfuni. &lt;ref&gt; https://archive.org/details/atholfugard1 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/atholfugard2001_201911&lt;/ref&gt; ngumhlameluleki. Wathweswa iziqu e-University of Witwatersrand .Imisebenzi yakhe yeshashalazi ifaka zakudala zakudala ezo ne Medea &lt;ref&gt; The Times , Medea https://ia802802.us.archive.org/25/items/timesreviewofmedeajpg/The%20Times%20review%20of%20Medea%20by%20Ned%20Chaillet%2021%20Jan%201982%20Times%20Dogital%20archive%20Gale.png&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.apgrd.ox.ac.uk/archive/Gen-Col/Eur/Eur.Med.1982%25283038%2529/15338 |access-date=2025-07-04 |archive-date=2024-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623084329/http://www.apgrd.ox.ac.uk/archive/Gen-Col/Eur/Eur.Med.1982%283038%29/15338 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceArchive/110078562 |access-date=2025-07-04 |archive-date=2024-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402171633/https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceArchive/110078562 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuhumelerisi lebyi a byi humeseke na theatre ya matiko ya misava byi nga langutiwa eka Theatricalia.com. &lt;ref&gt; https://theatricalia.com/person/200e/angelique-rockas &lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mintshaho ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Commons}}

==Swihlanganisi swa webusayiti ==
* [https://cdm21048.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p21048coll16/search  National Library of South Africa ] Angelique Rockas
* IMDB [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0734214/  Angelique Rockas]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xiluva</title>
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      <text bytes="2598" sha1="dlsv8n28ph7bs27siljzn3nvqdwk26c" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Paardenbloem (Taraxacum officinale) 26-04-2020. (actm.) 01 (cropped).jpg|thumb|200x200px|Xiluva xa xitshopana]]

''''''Swiluva' (kumbe xiluva)''''', i xirho lexi kumekaka eka ximilana kumbe nsinya. Hi ntolovelo, swiluva swi kumeka emakumu ka rhavi ra nsinya kumbe ximilana. Swi luva swi tirha ku sasekisa swimilana na ku kokela swi tsotswana eka vuluva, swithlela swiva ma sungulo ya mihandzu, na mbewu. Swiluva swi kumeka hi mihlovo yo hambana hambana naswona swi tirha mintirho yo hambana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite|last=Buchmann|first=Stephen L.|url=http://archive.org/details/reasonforflowers0000buch|title=The reason for flowers : their history, culture, biology, and how they change our lives|date=2015|publisher=New York : Scribner|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-4767-5552-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mintirho na matirhisele ya swiluva ==
Swiluva swi na mintirho yo hambana hambana leyi katsaka, ku xongisa, ku tshugula, swakudya, kuxawurisa swakudya na ku endla mafurha. Swiluva swin'wana swi tshoveriwa naswona swi xavisiwa ku sasekisa ndzhawu. Swimilana swo tala swi veka swiluva leswi thlelaka swi kula swi hundzuka mihandzu, swin'wana swi hundzuka mbewu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite|last=Vázquez-Fresno|first=Rosa|last2=Rosana|first2=Albert Remus R.|last3=Sajed|first3=Tanvir|last4=Onookome-Okome|first4=Tuviere|last5=Wishart|first5=Noah A.|last6=Wishart|first6=David S.|date=2019-05-22|title=Herbs and Spices- Biomarkers of Intake Based on Human Intervention Studies – A Systematic Review|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12263-019-0636-8|journal=Genes &amp; Nutrition|volume=14|issue=1|pages=18}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Swiluva swikumeka ngopfu eka vutshila byo endla swifaniso. Minkarhi yin'wana swi kumeka swi tsondziyeriwile naswona swi vekiwe a tindzhawini ta vukhongeri, kumbe a maribweni ya masirha. Swiluva swithlela swi yelanisiwa na rirhandzu, hikwalaho ku na matshalatshala yo byala swimilana leswi vekaka swiluva swo hlwela ku vuna. Eka matsalwa yo tala swiluva swihlamusela ntsako, vuxongi na vutomi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite|last=Elena|first=Coyago-Cruz,|last2=Melany|first2=Moya,|last3=Gabriela|first3=Méndez,|last4=Michael|first4=Villacís,|last5=Patricio|first5=Rojas-Silva,|last6=Mireia|first6=Corell,|last7=Paula|first7=Mapelli-Brahm,|last8=M.|first8=Vicario, Isabel|last9=J.|first9=Meléndez-Martínez, Antonio|date=2023-01-01|title=Exploring Plants with Flowers: From Therapeutic Nutritional Benefits to Innovative Sustainable Uses|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/22/4066|journal=Foods|language=en|volume=12|issue=22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Minkombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swimilana]]
[[Category:Swiluva]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xihahampfhuka xa Canadian Pacific Air Lines xa 21</title>
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'''Xihahampfhuka xa Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 21''' a ku ri xihahampfhuka lexi hleriweke xa  xikaya ku suka eVancouver, British Columbia, Canada, ku ya eWhitehorse, Yukon, Canada, hi Prince George, Fort St. John, Fort Nelson na Watson Lake hi ti 8 ta Mawuwani, 1965. Xihahampfhuka xa Douglas DC-6B xi wile endzhaku ka ku buluka loko xi ri eku fambeni ekusuhi na 100 Mile House, British Columbia, laha ku loveke vanhu hinkwavo va 52 lava a va ri eka xona. &lt;ref name=&quot;sun&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=B.3}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Vulavisisi byi kume leswaku ku buluka loku ku vangiwa hi bomo, kambe muendli wa xiendlo ni nsusumeto wa kona a swi si kumiwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;sun&quot; /&gt;

== Mhangu ==
Loko yi ri endleleni yo suka eVancouver yi ya ePrince George, xihahampfhuka xa DC-6 ''Empress of City of Buenos Aires'', lexi a xi fambisiwa hi mukaputeni John Alfred Steele (41), phorisa ro sungula Warner Murray Wells (29) na mininjhere wa xihahampfhuka Stanley Edward Clarke (26), xi wile endzhaku ko hundza eAshcroft, British Columbia. Kwalomu ka 15:40,, ku huwelela ka ku lava ku pfuniwa ku twiwile hi valawuri va swihaha-mpfhuka eVancouver. Ku buluka a ku humelerile ekamareni ro hlambela ra le ximatsini. Ncila wu hambanile na &quot;fuselage&quot;. Xihaha-mpfhuka lexi xi ndzuwulutile xi tlhela xi wela endhawini leyi nga ni mirhi. Vakhandziyi hinkwavo va 46 na vatirhi va 6 va lovele kwalaho.  Ndhawu leyi xihaha-mpfhuka xi nga wela eka yona yile ka 32 wa tikhilomitara evupeladyambu bya 100 Mile House. &lt;ref name=&quot;sun&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=B.3}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMcMartin1995&quot;&gt;McMartin, Pete (July 7, 1995). &quot;The day the sky exploded: 52 people plunged to their deaths on July 8, 1965, and nobody knows why it happened&quot;. ''The [[Vancouver Sun]]''. pp.&amp;nbsp;B.3.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Masalela ya xihaha-mpfhuka xa DC-6 ma ha ri endhawini leyi xihaha-mpfhuka xi nga wa ekusuhi na Dog Creek .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Matimu</title>
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'''Matimu''' mahlamusela hi ku hleleka timhaka ta nkarhi lowu hundzeke, ngopfu-ngopfu eka [[Matimu ya misava|timhaka le to katsaka vutomi na mahanyele ya vanhu]]. Matimu ya xopaxopa no hlamusela vumbhoni ku aka mavonele mayelana na leswi humeleleke na ku hlamusela leswaku hikokwalaho ka yini swi humelerile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Collingwood |first=R. G. |url=https://books.google.co.za/books?id=MWDxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT133&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |title=Essays in the Philosophy of History |date=2020-07-14 |publisher=Read Books Ltd |isbn=978-1-5287-6685-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vativi va matimu va hambanisa matimu tanihi [[Sayensi ya mahanyele|sayense ya ntshamisano]], kasi van’wana va ma vona tanihi xiphemu xa vutivi bya vanhu. Ku na minjhekanjhekisano mayelana na xikongomelo xa matimu—hi xikombiso, Xana xikongomelo xa wona lexikulu i ku severely vupfumeri, ku paluxa ntiyiso, kumbe  ku hlayisa tidyondzo ta nkarhi lowu hundzeke. Hi ndlela yo angarhela, ''rito'' matimu ri kombetela eka nkarhi lowu hundzeke hi woxe, kumbe hlanganelo wa matsalwa ya nkarhi lowu hundzeke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tosh |first=John |url=https://books.google.co.za/books?id=bM1mAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |title=The Pursuit of History: Aims, Methods and New Directions in the Study of Modern History |date=2002 |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-582-77254-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vulavisisi bya matimu byi titshege eka swihlovo swa vuxokoxoko swa masungulo na swa vumbirhi ku thlavinyeta swiendlakalo swa nkarhi lowu nga hundza na ku tiyisisa tinhlamuselo. Ku xopaxopa swihlovo i swa nkoka naswona swi pfuna ku pimanisa ku tshembeka ka swona.Tidyondzo ta matimu ti anamile nswon ti katsaka marhavi yo tala. Kun ti dyondzo ta mitimu kuya hi minkarhi yo karhi, matimu ya khale, [[Ntivo-mbangu|ta ntivo-misava]], kuhlanganisa na [[matimu ya Afrika]]. Ku hambanisiwa ka tinhlokomhaka swi katsa na matimu ya tipolitiki, matimu ya masocha, matimu ya ntshamisano na matimu ya ikhonomi. Marhavi man'wana ya tidyondzo ta matimu ya katsa matimu ya nhlayo, matimu yo pimanisa na matimu yo hlamuseriwa hi nomu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Woolf |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.co.za/books?id=1lN-DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |title=A Concise History of History: Global Historiography from Antiquity to the Present |date=2019-01-17 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-42619-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tidyondzo ta matimu ti humelerile tanihi xivandla xa ndzavisiso ku siva marungula ya mintsheketo. Ku tsariwa ka matimu ku hluvukisiwile hi kuya hi ku hundza ka malembe kufikela laha kuveke vutshila, ngopfu-ngopfu hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-19, loko ku hlungusiwa matsalele ya matimu ni swikolo swo hambana-hambana swa dyondzo. Tidyondzo ta matimu ti fambelana na swiyenge swo tala, ku katsa [[Ntivo-vuhleketi|filosofi]], [[dyondzo]] na [[Politiki|tipolitiki]].

==Mintshaho==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Matimu]]</text>
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----</text>
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        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|nowrap=yes|nolink=yes}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tlf}} }} &lt;!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt; &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39616</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="231" sha1="kmn80yu5079jyyvwn623d36xsqq3dch" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|nowrap=yes|nolink=yes}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc
|content = {{tlg/doc|tlf}}
}}
&lt;!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kmn80yu5079jyyvwn623d36xsqq3dch</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tlg/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7420</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39617</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:40:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39617</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Redirect category shell</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7421</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39618</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:41:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;__NONEWSECTIONLINK__{{Mbox | name  = Redirect category shell | type  = move  | image = none | style = margin-top: 1.1em; border: solid 1px darkblue; border-left-width: 0.5em; | textstyle = padding-top: 0.9em; padding-bottom: 0.9em; | text  = '''This {{Talk other|talk page|page}} is a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]]. &lt;small&gt;The following [[Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects|categories]] are used to track and monitor this redirect:&lt;/small&gt;'''{{#if:{{{h|}}}  |{{block indent|1...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39618</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2242" sha1="bok8obytcaswzw8idwu2sg2pdm607qr" xml:space="preserve">__NONEWSECTIONLINK__{{Mbox
| name  = Redirect category shell
| type  = move 
| image = none
| style = margin-top: 1.1em; border: solid 1px darkblue; border-left-width: 0.5em;
| textstyle = padding-top: 0.9em; padding-bottom: 0.9em;
| text  = '''This {{Talk other|talk page|page}} is a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]]. &lt;small&gt;The following [[Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects|categories]] are used to track and monitor this redirect:&lt;/small&gt;'''{{#if:{{{h|}}}
 |{{block indent|1= ''{{{h}}}''}}
 }}
&lt;!--
  Automatically detect protected redirects:
--&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}
   |sysop|templateeditor|extendedconfirmed={{pp-move|small=yes|catonly=no}}
 }}{{#switch: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}
   |sysop
   |templateeditor
   |extendedconfirmed
   |autoconfirmed={{pp-protected|small=yes}}{{R protected}}
   | &lt;!--Not protected, or only semi-move-protected--&gt;
 }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;{{#if: {{{1|}}}||&lt;includeonly&gt;
* {{red|'''Important – Please Read! {{maroon|This template should {{em|not}} be applied without parameters by bot nor by any automated or semi-automated process. It should {{em|not}} be used without parameters {{em|unless you want to learn how to categorize redirects}}. For editors who want to learn how to categorize redirects, this template is a {{em|learning tool}}. {{em|Only}} those editors who intend to return to the redirect to learn which rcats to use should apply this template without parameters, or with an empty first parameter!}}'''}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
* '''Manifold sort''':  If help is needed to determine appropriate categories, then this redirect populates '''{{Cat|Miscellaneous redirects}}'''.  Monitors of that category will check this redirect and add or remove [[Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects|rcats]] as needed.{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{nocat|false}}}}} | false |{{{category|&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Miscellaneous redirects]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}}}
}}
{{#if: {{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{1|}}}}}{{#if: {{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}||{{#ifeq: {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|Redirect category shell||[[Category:Redirect category shell without parameters]]}}}}
''&lt;small&gt;When appropriate, [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protection levels]] are automatically sensed, described and categorized.&lt;/small&gt;''
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bok8obytcaswzw8idwu2sg2pdm607qr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cat</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7422</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39619</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:42:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Category link/core|1={{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|2={{{2|Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}}}}|count={{{count|no}}}|page_count={{PAGESINCAT:{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|{{UC:{{{count_type|ALL}}}}}|R}}|backlog={{{backlog|{{formatnum:{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}|R}}}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39619</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="281" sha1="msoxk5hmhzf5m1h2iyhxelzpurtd0i4" xml:space="preserve">{{Category link/core|1={{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|2={{{2|Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}}}}|count={{{count|no}}}|page_count={{PAGESINCAT:{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|{{UC:{{{count_type|ALL}}}}}|R}}|backlog={{{backlog|{{formatnum:{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}|R}}}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>msoxk5hmhzf5m1h2iyhxelzpurtd0i4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Category link/core</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7423</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39620</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:43:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[:Category:{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}]]{{#if:{{Yesno|1={{{count|no}}}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small style=&quot;{{#ifexpr:{{{page_count}}}&gt;={{{backlog}}}|font-weight: bold; color: #DD0000;}}&quot;&gt;(&amp;thinsp;{{formatnum:{{{page_count}}}}}&amp;thinsp;)&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation|Template:Category link/doc}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="289" sha1="77gpt1bl3z1t1b6sim8w905lwpmzfkw" xml:space="preserve">[[:Category:{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}]]{{#if:{{Yesno|1={{{count|no}}}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small style=&quot;{{#ifexpr:{{{page_count}}}&gt;={{{backlog}}}|font-weight: bold; color: #DD0000;}}&quot;&gt;(&amp;thinsp;{{formatnum:{{{page_count}}}}}&amp;thinsp;)&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:Category link/doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>77gpt1bl3z1t1b6sim8w905lwpmzfkw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Talk other</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7424</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39621</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:44:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:   &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;   {{#if:{{{demospace|}}}    | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;   | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}     | talk     | other     }}    }} | talk     = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}&lt;!--End switch--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39621</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="360" sha1="jp99kuih528b90wq2so1nbhkt480jzw" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:
  &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;
  {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} 
  | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;
  | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}
    | talk
    | other
    }} 
  }}
| talk     = {{{1|}}}
| other
| #default = {{{2|}}}
}}&lt;!--End switch--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jp99kuih528b90wq2so1nbhkt480jzw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Miscellaneous redirects</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>7425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39622</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:44:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39622</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:R from move</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7426</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39636</id>
      <parentid>39634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:55:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39636</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="665" sha1="jb1j0dw49p25rsnw8nldcu4oogum41x" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{hatnote|This rcat template is automatically added to all new redirects that result from page moves; it must be added manually to older redirects when appropriate.}}{{This is a redirect/rcat}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{Redirect template
  |id=R from move
  |name=From a page move
  |from=a page that has been moved (renamed)
  |info=This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.
  |all category=Redirects from moves
}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{R from move/except}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- Place categories on /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata. --&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jb1j0dw49p25rsnw8nldcu4oogum41x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:This is a redirect/rcat</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7427</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39624</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:47:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template talk||'''{{small|{{smallcaps|When used with the}} &quot;Redirect category shell&quot; (Rcat shell) {{smallcaps|template:}}}}}}''' {{Mbox | name  = This is a redirect/rcat | type  = move  | image = none | style = margin-top: 1.1em; border: solid 1px darkblue; border-left-width: 0.5em; | textstyle = padding-top: 0.9em; padding-bottom: 0.9em; | text  = '''This page is a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]]. &lt;small&gt;The following Wikipedia:Categorizing redir...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39624</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1570" sha1="j3u1ijscyg3vflixaezr0kujm7195lk" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template talk||'''{{small|{{smallcaps|When used with the}} &quot;Redirect category shell&quot; (Rcat shell) {{smallcaps|template:}}}}}}'''
{{Mbox
| name  = This is a redirect/rcat
| type  = move 
| image = none
| style = margin-top: 1.1em; border: solid 1px darkblue; border-left-width: 0.5em;
| textstyle = padding-top: 0.9em; padding-bottom: 0.9em;
| text  = '''This page is a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]]. &lt;small&gt;The following [[Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects|categories]] are used to track and monitor this redirect:&lt;/small&gt;'''
{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|R avoided double redirect|&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{text|{{ {{#switch:{{PAGENAME}}|This is a redirect/rcat=|This is a redirect/rcat/sandbox=|This is a redirect/rcat/testcases=|#default={{PAGENAME}}}}|embed=yes}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;|
&lt;noinclude&gt;* (Text of rcat)&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{text|{{ {{#switch:{{PAGENAME}}|This is a redirect/rcat=|This is a redirect/rcat/sandbox=|This is a redirect/rcat/testcases=|#default={{PAGENAME}}}}|embed=yes}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}
''&lt;small&gt;When appropriate, [[WP:PP|protection levels]] are automatically sensed, described and categorized.&lt;/small&gt;''
}}
:''{{small|Template {{tl|Redirect category shell}} may be used to add one or more [[WP:RCAT|rcat]] templates, along with their parameters and categories, to a redirect.  {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template talk||For more information, see the documentation page below.}}}}''{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template talk||{{#if:{{{1|}}}||
&lt;br /&gt;
'''{{small|{{smallcaps|When used by itself:}}}}'''}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j3u1ijscyg3vflixaezr0kujm7195lk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Smallcaps</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7428</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39625</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:47:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;ifsubst | 1=&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant:small-caps&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt; | 2=&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;smallcaps/styles.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;smallcaps&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;noinclude&gt;  &lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39625</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="306" sha1="khqsztk4mo066r4tq05x25e7qvmck4p" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;ifsubst | 1=&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant:small-caps&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt; | 2=&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;smallcaps/styles.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;smallcaps&quot;&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>khqsztk4mo066r4tq05x25e7qvmck4p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Ifsubst</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7429</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39626</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:48:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{ safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#if:{{{demo|}}} |{{ safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#ifeq:{{{demo}}} |no  |{{{no|{{{2|}}}}}}  |{{{yes|{{{1|}}}}}} }} |{{ safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#ifeq:{{ safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}  |{{{no|{{{2|}}}}}}  |{{{yes|{{{1|}}}}}} }}}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39626</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="302" sha1="6n9xrkgwrhqddknwc59l4tya8074m0o" xml:space="preserve">{{ safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#if:{{{demo|}}}
|{{ safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#ifeq:{{{demo}}} |no
 |{{{no|{{{2|}}}}}}
 |{{{yes|{{{1|}}}}}}
}}
|{{ safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#ifeq:{{ safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}
 |{{{no|{{{2|}}}}}}
 |{{{yes|{{{1|}}}}}}
}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6n9xrkgwrhqddknwc59l4tya8074m0o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Smallcaps/styles.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7430</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39627</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:49:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;/* {{pp-template}} Styling for Template:Smallcaps */ span.smallcaps { 	font-variant: small-caps; }  span.smallcaps-smaller { 	font-size: 85%; }&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39627</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="143" sha1="8lffmue4iv1b62pje3u895huur4gnpe" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}}
Styling for Template:Smallcaps */
span.smallcaps {
	font-variant: small-caps;
}

span.smallcaps-smaller {
	font-size: 85%;
}</text>
      <sha1>8lffmue4iv1b62pje3u895huur4gnpe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Redirect template</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7431</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39628</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:51:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#invoke:Redirect template|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39628</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75" sha1="1cl28dcwjsrtge5hedu653jwub1cll3" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Redirect template|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1cl28dcwjsrtge5hedu653jwub1cll3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Redirect template</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>7432</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39629</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:52:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;require('strict')  local p = {}  -- key is beginning of arg name. value is table with namespace number and link -- alternatively, a function taking the namespace number and returning a validity -- can be used local namespaceCategories = { 	all = { function() return true end }, 	main = { 0, '[[wp:mainspace|main]]' }, 	help = { 12, '[[wp:help namespace|help]]' }, 	portal = { 100, '[[wp:portal|portal]]' }, 	talk = { function(n) return n &gt; 0 and n%2 == 1 end, '[[Help:Talk pa...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39629</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3250" sha1="st70b7nx9gq8upoveshz93h1coat7c9" xml:space="preserve">require('strict')

local p = {}

-- key is beginning of arg name. value is table with namespace number and link
-- alternatively, a function taking the namespace number and returning a validity
-- can be used
local namespaceCategories = {
	all = { function() return true end },
	main = { 0, '[[wp:mainspace|main]]' },
	help = { 12, '[[wp:help namespace|help]]' },
	portal = { 100, '[[wp:portal|portal]]' },
	talk = { function(n) return n &gt; 0 and n%2 == 1 end, '[[Help:Talk pages|talk]]' },
	template = { 10, '[[wp:template namespace|template]]' },
	wikipedia = { 4, '[[wp:project namespace|Wikipedia project]]' },
	category = { 14, '[[wp:categorization|category]]' },
	user = { 2, '[[wp:user pages|user]]' },
	draft = { 118, '[[wp:drafts|draft]]' },
}

-- remove whitespaces from beginning and end of args
local function valueFunc(key, val)
	if type(val) == 'string' then
		val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
		if val == '' then
			return nil
		end
	end
	return val
end

local function getPrettyName(args)
	for k in pairs(namespaceCategories) do
		if args[k .. ' category'] then
			return string.format(&quot;'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]''': &quot;, args[k .. ' category'], args.name)
		end
	end
	return string.format(&quot;'''%s''': &quot;, args.name)
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Redirect template', valueFunc = valueFunc})
	local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace

	--- XXX: this is a HORRIBLE HACK. kill it with fire as soon as https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14974 is fixed
	--- [[phab:T14974]] was previously known as [[bugzilla:12974]] https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12974
	local beCompatibleWithBug14974 = args.info and (args.info:find('^[:;#*]', 1) == 1 or args.info:find('{|', 1, true) == 1) and '\n' or ' '
	
	local content = string.format('\n&lt;div class=&quot;rcat %s&quot;&gt;\n*%sThis is a redirect%s%s.%s%s\n&lt;/div&gt;',
		args.id and ('rcat-' .. string.gsub(args.id, ' ', '_')) or '',
		args.name and getPrettyName(args) or '',
		args.from and (' from ' .. args.from) or '',
		args.to and (' to ' .. args.to) or '',
		args.info and beCompatibleWithBug14974 or '',
		args.info or ''
	)
	
	for k,v in pairs(namespaceCategories) do
		if args[k .. ' category'] then
			if type(v[1]) == 'function' and v[1](namespace) or v[1] == namespace then
				if args.sortkey then
					content = content .. string.format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', args[k .. ' category'], args.sortkey)
					else
						content = content .. string.format('[[Category:%s]]', args[k .. ' category'])
				end
			elseif args['other category'] then
				if args.sortkey then
					content = content .. string.format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', args['other category'], args.sortkey)
					else
						content = content .. string.format('[[Category:%s]]', args['other category'])
				end
			else
				content = content .. frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Incorrect redirect template', args = {v[2]}}
			end
		end
	end

	if namespace == 0 then
		local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
		if yesno(args.printworthy) == true then
			return content .. '[[Category:Printworthy redirects]]'
		elseif yesno(args.printworthy) == false then
			return content .. '[[Category:Unprintworthy redirects]]'
		end
	end
	return content
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>st70b7nx9gq8upoveshz93h1coat7c9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:R from move/except</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7433</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39633</id>
      <parentid>39630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:54:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39633</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1723" sha1="qd59dyty98na8q6i369eiet7tak8wwj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;This is the exception page for {{tl|R from move}}. This page makes exceptions that include certain pages that should not inhabit either {{cat|Unsynchronized talk page redirects}} or {{cat|Redirects from moves}}.  If necessary, new exceptions may be added with no need to edit the main template, {{tl|R from move}}.
&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{#switch: {{FULLPAGENAME}}
|MediaWiki:Move-redirect-text=
|Template:R from move/except=
|#default=[[Category:Redirects from moves]]
}}{{#switch: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}}
  |1={{#ifeq: {{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|yes|
      {{#ifeq: {{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}|yes|
        {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME:{{#invoke:redirect|main|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}}|{{PAGENAME:{{#invoke:redirect|main|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}}||
          {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}||
            {{#ifeq: {{Str left|{{PAGENAME}}|16}}|List of ships of||[[Category:Unsynchronized talk page redirects]]
            }}
          }}
        }}
      |{{#ifexist:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|
        {{#ifeq: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{Target of|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME:{{Target of|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}|[[Category:Articles with unsynchronized talk page redirects]]|
          {{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:string|find|{{#invoke:page|getContent|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|as=raw}}|:Rfd}}|[[Category:Redirects for discussion with talk page redirects]]|[[Category:Articles with talk page redirects]]}}}}
        }}
      }}
    |{{error|Page is not a redirect, misplaced [[Template:R from move]]}}
    }}
  |0={{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER:{{#invoke:redirect|main|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}|0|4|10|12|14|100=|#default={{R from move/Cross-namespace}}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:R from move/doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qd59dyty98na8q6i369eiet7tak8wwj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Unsynchronized talk page redirects</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>7434</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39631</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:54:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39631</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Redirects from moves</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>7435</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39632</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:54:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39632</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>7436</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39635</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:55:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;.&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39635</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1" sha1="6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb" xml:space="preserve">.</text>
      <sha1>6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Template link general</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>7437</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39639</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T08:57:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;-- This implements Template:Template link general and various other templates in its family local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {}  -- Is a string non-empty? local function _ne(s)  	return s ~= nil and s ~= &quot;&quot; end  local nw = mw.text.nowiki  local function addTemplate(s) 	local i, _ = s:find(':', 1, true) 	if i == nil then 		return 'Template:' .. s 	end 	local ns = s:sub(1, i - 1) 	if ns == '' or mw.site.namespaces[ns] then 		return s 	else 		re...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39639</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="4468" sha1="kj8qd6uwqhx6n0gkkkslldw0pq00bgy" xml:space="preserve">-- This implements Template:Template link general and various other templates in its family
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local p = {}

-- Is a string non-empty?
local function _ne(s) 
	return s ~= nil and s ~= &quot;&quot;
end

local nw = mw.text.nowiki

local function addTemplate(s)
	local i, _ = s:find(':', 1, true)
	if i == nil then
		return 'Template:' .. s
	end
	local ns = s:sub(1, i - 1)
	if ns == '' or mw.site.namespaces[ns] then
		return s
	else
		return 'Template:' .. s
	end
end

local function trimTemplate(s)
	local needle = 'template:'
	if s:sub(1, needle:len()):lower() == needle then
		return s:sub(needle:len() + 1)	
	else
		return s
	end
end

local function linkTitle(args)
	if _ne(args.nolink) then
		if _ne(args.subst) then
			return 'subst:' .. args['1']
		else
			return args['1']
		end
	end
	
	local titleObj
	local titlePart = '[['
	if args['1'] then
		-- This handles :Page and other NS
		titleObj = mw.title.new(args['1'], 'Template')
	else
		titleObj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	end
	
	titlePart = titlePart .. (titleObj ~= nil and titleObj.fullText or
				addTemplate(args['1']))
	
	local textPart = args.alttext
	if not _ne(textPart) then
		if titleObj ~= nil then
			textPart = titleObj:inNamespace(&quot;Template&quot;) and args['1'] or titleObj.fullText
		else
			-- redlink
			textPart = args['1']
		end
	end
	
	if _ne(args.subst) then
		-- HACK: the ns thing above is probably broken
		textPart = 'subst:' .. textPart
	end
	
	if _ne(args.brace) then
		textPart = nw('{{') .. textPart .. nw('}}')
	elseif _ne(args.braceinside) then
		textPart = nw('{') .. textPart .. nw('}')
	end
	
	titlePart = titlePart .. '|' .. textPart .. ']]'
	if _ne(args.braceinside) then
		titlePart = nw('{') .. titlePart .. nw('}')
	end
	return titlePart
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame, {
		trim = true,
		removeBlanks = false
	})
	return p._main(args)
end

function p._main(args)
	local bold = _ne(args.bold) or _ne(args.boldlink) or _ne(args.boldname)
	local italic = _ne(args.italic) or _ne(args.italics)
	local dontBrace = _ne(args.brace) or _ne(args.braceinside)
	local code = _ne(args.code) or _ne(args.tt)
	local show_result = _ne(args._show_result)
	local expand = _ne(args._expand)
	
	-- Build the link part
	local titlePart = linkTitle(args)
	if bold then titlePart = &quot;'''&quot; .. titlePart .. &quot;'''&quot; end
	if _ne(args.nowrapname) then titlePart = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;' .. titlePart .. '&lt;/span&gt;' end
	
	-- Build the arguments
	local textPart = &quot;&quot;
	local textPartBuffer = &quot;&amp;#124;&quot;
	local codeArguments = {}
	local codeArgumentsString = &quot;&quot;
	local i = 2
	local j = 1
	while args[i] do
		local val = args[i]
		if val ~= &quot;&quot; then
			if _ne(args.nowiki) then
				-- Unstrip nowiki tags first because calling nw on something that already contains nowiki tags will
				-- mangle the nowiki strip marker and result in literal UNIQ...QINU showing up
				val = nw(mw.text.unstripNoWiki(val))
			end
			local k, v = string.match(val, &quot;(.*)=(.*)&quot;)
			if not k then
				codeArguments[j] = val
				j = j + 1
			else
				codeArguments[k] = v
			end
			codeArgumentsString = codeArgumentsString .. textPartBuffer .. val
			if italic then
				val = '&lt;span style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;' .. val .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
			end
			textPart = textPart .. textPartBuffer .. val
		end
		i = i + 1
	end

	-- final wrap
	local ret = titlePart .. textPart
	if not dontBrace then ret = nw('{{') .. ret .. nw('}}') end
	if _ne(args.a) then ret = nw('*') .. '&amp;nbsp;' .. ret end
	if _ne(args.kbd) then ret = '&lt;kbd&gt;' .. ret .. '&lt;/kbd&gt;' end
	if code then
		ret = '&lt;code&gt;' .. ret .. '&lt;/code&gt;'
	elseif _ne(args.plaincode) then
		ret = '&lt;code style=&quot;border:none;background:transparent;color:inherit&quot;&gt;' .. ret .. '&lt;/code&gt;'
	end
	if _ne(args.nowrap) then ret = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;' .. ret .. '&lt;/span&gt;' end
	
	--[[ Wrap as html?? 
	local span = mw.html.create('span')
	span:wikitext(ret)
	--]]
	if _ne(args.debug) then ret = ret .. '\n&lt;pre&gt;' .. mw.text.encode(mw.dumpObject(args)) .. '&lt;/pre&gt;' end

	if show_result then
		local result = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = addTemplate(args[1]), args = codeArguments}
		ret = ret .. &quot; → &quot; .. result
	end

	if expand then
		local query = mw.text.encode('{{' .. addTemplate(args[1]) .. string.gsub(codeArgumentsString, textPartBuffer, &quot;|&quot;) .. '}}')
		local url = mw.uri.fullUrl('special:ExpandTemplates', 'wpInput=' .. query)
		mw.log()
		ret = ret .. &quot; [&quot; .. tostring(url) .. &quot;]&quot;
	end

	return ret
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>kj8qd6uwqhx6n0gkkkslldw0pq00bgy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:User Wikipedian for</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7438</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39644</id>
      <parentid>39643</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T09:08:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39644</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1336" sha1="nko3jar83dozhcrfuwhyimqo6lek83d" xml:space="preserve">{{ userbox
| border-c = {{{border|#8d40b3}}}
| id       = [[file:Noia 64 apps karm.svg|42x42px|alt=Icon&lt;!--This image must link to its file description page per [[MOS:PDI]] --&gt;]]
| id-c     = {{{imgbg|#d9bfe5}}}
| info-c   = {{{bgcolor|#f0e6f5}}}
| info-fc  = {{{info-fc|}}}
| info-a   = {{{info-a|}}}
| info-lh  = 1.1
| info     = &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks neverexpand&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{wikibirthday}}}|no
  |
  | {{#ifexpr:{{CURRENTMONTH}}={{{month|0}}}
    | {{#ifexpr:{{CURRENTDAY}}={{{day|0}}}
      | Namunthla i siku ro tinyiketela ra' {{#ifeq:{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{{year}}}
        | '''Siku ro sungula''' eka Wikipediya
        | '''[[:Category:Current Wikipedia birthdays|WikiBirthday]]'''
        }}.&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{yesno|1={{{nocat|}}}}}||[[Category:Current Wikipedia birthdays|{{ROOTPAGENAMEE}}]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
      }}
    }}
  }} Mutirhisi loyi {{#if:{{{link|}}}
  | [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&amp;type=newusers&amp;page=User%3A{{ROOTPAGENAMEE}}&amp;month=-1 uhlanganisa]
  | {{#if:{{{diff|}}}
    | [{{{diff}}} uhlanganisa]
    | uhlanganisa
    }}
  }}  '''{{Age in years, months and days|year={{{year|&lt;noinclude&gt;2001&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|month={{{month|&lt;noinclude&gt;1&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|day={{{day|&lt;noinclude&gt;15&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|sc={{{sc|}}} }}''' eka Wikipediya leyi.&lt;/span&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nko3jar83dozhcrfuwhyimqo6lek83d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:User active wikipedian for</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>7439</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39651</id>
      <parentid>39645</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-17T09:21:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39651</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1165" sha1="hg12is2qqvik0a0v3yh93ajq79ffgo0" xml:space="preserve">{{ userbox
| border-c = {{{border|#8D40B3}}}
| id       = [[File:Noia 64 apps karm.svg|42x42px]]
| id-c     = {{{imgbg|#D9BFE5}}}
| info-c   = {{{bgcolor|#F0E6F5}}}
| info-lh  = 1.1
| info     = &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks neverexpand&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{wikibirthday}}}|no
  |
  | {{#ifexpr:{{CURRENTMONTH}}={{{month|0}}}
    | {{#ifexpr:{{CURRENTDAY}}={{{day|0}}}
      | Namunthla i {{#ifeq:{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{{year}}}
        | '''Siku ro Sungula''' eka Wikipediya.
        | '''[[:Category:Current Wikipedia birthdays|WikiBirthday]]'''!
        }}&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Current Wikipedia birthdays|{{ROOTPAGENAMEE}}]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;
      }}
    }}
  }} {{#if:{{{lowercase|}}}
    |{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAMEE}}}}
    |{{ROOTPAGENAMEE}}
  }} u hlanganisa {{#if:{{{diff|}}}
    | [{{{diff}}} active on Wikipedia]
    | [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec?user={{ROOTPAGENAMEE}}&amp;project=en.wikipedia]
  }}  '''{{Age in years, months and days|year={{{year|&lt;noinclude&gt;2001&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|month={{{month|&lt;noinclude&gt;1&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|day={{{day|&lt;noinclude&gt;15&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}|sc={{{sc|}}} }}''' yo tinyiketela hi ku hiteka eka Wikipediya.&lt;/span&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hg12is2qqvik0a0v3yh93ajq79ffgo0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oliver Tambo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7441</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39659</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-24T10:31:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxuxo</username>
        <id>11698</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301293796|Oliver Tambo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>39659</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1829" sha1="inmjuenbqxy2o94rdx0boiygmzeumfy" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox President|image=Oliver Tambo (1981).jpg|caption=Tambo in 1981|order=10th|office=President-General of the African National Congress|deputy=Nelson Mandela|predecessor=[[Albert Luthuli]]|successor=[[Nelson Mandela]]|order1=3rd|office1=Deputy President of the African National Congress|president1={{ubl|Albert Luthuli|Himself (acting)}}|predecessor1=Nelson Mandela|successor1=Nelson Mandela|order2=10th|office2=Secretary-General of the African National Congress|president2=Albert Luthuli|predecessor2=[[Walter Sisulu]]|successor2=[[Duma Nokwe]]|office3=[[National Executive Committee of the African National Congress|National Chairperson of the African National Congress]]|predecessor3=''Position established''|successor3=[[Thabo Mbeki]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|otherparty=[[Tripartite Alliance]]|spouse={{marriage|[[Adelaide Tambo|Adelaide Tshukudu]]|December 1956}}|children=4, including [[Nomatemba Tambo|Thembi]] and [[Dali Tambo|Dali]]|alma_mater=[[University of Fort Hare]]|occupation={{hlist|Politician|[[revolutionary]]|teacher|lawyer|activist}}|awards={{ubl|class=nowrap|[[Order of Friendship of Peoples]]|[[Isitwalandwe Medal]] (1992)}}|nickname=OR Tambo}}

'''Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo''' (27 Khotavuxika 1917  24 Hukuri 1993) ari n’watipolitiki wa Afrika Dzonga loyi a lwisanaka na xihlawuhlawu na mulwela-vutomi loyi anga tirha tani hi President wa African National Congress (ANC) kusukela hi 1967 kuya eka 1991.

Oliver Tambo u velekiwe hi ti 27 ta Nhlangula etikweni ra ka Nkatolo eBizana; endhawini ya pondoland laha sweswi ku nga xifundzha xa Esten Cape.Hi vunyiki bya vaaka tiko va ndzhawu liya akuri vo n'wa-murimisi.Tata wa yena, Mzimeni Tamb a ri nwana wa jaha  eka nwa-murimisi tlhandla kambiri, mupfuni wa swa mabindzu eka rinwan  ra mavhengele yo tikeka.

== Vutomi bya vutomi ==</text>
      <sha1>inmjuenbqxy2o94rdx0boiygmzeumfy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Arguments/doc</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>7443</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39665</id>
      <parentid>39664</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-29T12:53:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2001:448A:2012:54C4:3DDF:8F9A:B051:6476</ip>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39665</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15799" sha1="o9f4vhefr3tp0p92jouw1sfqnfpj0ie" xml:space="preserve">{{high-risk|1397605}}
{{module rating|p}}
This module provides easy processing of arguments passed from #invoke. It is a meta-module, meant for use by other modules, and should not be called from #invoke directly. Its features include:
* Easy trimming of arguments and removal of blank arguments.
* Arguments can be passed by both the current frame and by the parent frame at the same time. (More details below.)
* Arguments can be passed in directly from another Lua module or from the debug console.
* Arguments are fetched as needed, which can help avoid (some) problems with {{tag|ref}} tags.
* Most features can be customized.

== Basic use ==

First, you need to load the module. It contains one function, named &lt;code&gt;getArgs&lt;/code&gt;.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In the most basic scenario, you can use getArgs inside your main function. The variable &lt;code&gt;args&lt;/code&gt; is a table containing the arguments from #invoke. (See below for details.)

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local p = {}

function p.main(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	-- Main module code goes here.
end

return p
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

However, the recommended practice is to use a function just for processing arguments from #invoke. This means that if someone calls your module from another Lua module you don't have to have a frame object available, which improves performance.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local p = {}

function p.main(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	return p._main(args)
end

function p._main(args)
	-- Main module code goes here.
end

return p
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

If you want multiple functions to use the arguments, and you also want them to be accessible from #invoke, you can use a wrapper function.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs

local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName)
	return function (frame)
		local args = getArgs(frame)
		return p[funcName](args)
	end
end

local p = {}

p.func1 = makeInvokeFunc('_func1')

function p._func1(args)
	-- Code for the first function goes here.
end

p.func2 = makeInvokeFunc('_func2')

function p._func2(args)
	-- Code for the second function goes here.
end

return p
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Options ===

The following options are available. They are explained in the sections below.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local args = getArgs(frame, {
	trim = false,
	removeBlanks = false,
	valueFunc = function (key, value)
		-- Code for processing one argument
	end,
	frameOnly = true,
	parentOnly = true,
	parentFirst = true,
	wrappers = {
		'Template:A wrapper template',
		'Template:Another wrapper template'
	},
	readOnly = true,
	noOverwrite = true
})
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Trimming and removing blanks ===

Blank arguments often trip up coders new to converting MediaWiki templates to Lua. In template syntax, blank strings and strings consisting only of whitespace are considered false. However, in Lua, blank strings and strings consisting of whitespace are considered true. This means that if you don't pay attention to such arguments when you write your Lua modules, you might treat something as true that should actually be treated as false. To avoid this, by default this module removes all blank arguments.

Similarly, whitespace can cause problems when dealing with positional arguments. Although whitespace is trimmed for named arguments coming from #invoke, it is preserved for positional arguments. Most of the time this additional whitespace is not desired, so this module trims it off by default.

However, sometimes you want to use blank arguments as input, and sometimes you want to keep additional whitespace. This can be necessary to convert some templates exactly as they were written. If you want to do this, you can set the &lt;code&gt;trim&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;removeBlanks&lt;/code&gt; arguments to &lt;code&gt;false&lt;/code&gt;.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local args = getArgs(frame, {
	trim = false,
	removeBlanks = false
})
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Custom formatting of arguments ===

Sometimes you want to remove some blank arguments but not others, or perhaps you might want to put all of the positional arguments in lower case. To do things like this you can use the &lt;code&gt;valueFunc&lt;/code&gt; option. The input to this option must be a function that takes two parameters, &lt;code&gt;key&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;value&lt;/code&gt;, and returns a single value. This value is what you will get when you access the field &lt;code&gt;key&lt;/code&gt; in the &lt;code&gt;args&lt;/code&gt; table.

Example 1: this function preserves whitespace for the first positional argument, but trims all other arguments and removes all other blank arguments.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local args = getArgs(frame, {
	valueFunc = function (key, value)
		if key == 1 then
			return value
		elseif value then
			value = mw.text.trim(value)
			if value ~= '' then
				return value
			end
		end
		return nil
	end
})
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Example 2: this function removes blank arguments and converts all arguments to lower case, but doesn't trim whitespace from positional parameters.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local args = getArgs(frame, {
	valueFunc = function (key, value)
		if not value then
			return nil
		end
		value = mw.ustring.lower(value)
		if mw.ustring.find(value, '%S') then
			return value
		end
		return nil
	end
})
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Note: the above functions will fail if passed input that is not of type &lt;code&gt;string&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;nil&lt;/code&gt;. This might be the case if you use the &lt;code&gt;getArgs&lt;/code&gt; function in the main function of your module, and that function is called by another Lua module. In this case, you will need to check the type of your input. This is not a problem if you are using a function specially for arguments from #invoke (i.e. you have &lt;code&gt;p.main&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;p._main&lt;/code&gt; functions, or something similar).

{{cot|Examples 1 and 2 with type checking}}
Example 1:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local args = getArgs(frame, {
	valueFunc = function (key, value)
		if key == 1 then
			return value
		elseif type(value) == 'string' then
			value = mw.text.trim(value)
			if value ~= '' then
				return value
			else
				return nil
			end
		else
			return value
		end
	end
})
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Example 2:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local args = getArgs(frame, {
	valueFunc = function (key, value)
		if type(value) == 'string' then
			value = mw.ustring.lower(value)
			if mw.ustring.find(value, '%S') then
				return value
			else
				return nil
			end
		else
			return value
		end
	end
})
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{cob}}

Also, please note that the &lt;code&gt;valueFunc&lt;/code&gt; function is called more or less every time an argument is requested from the &lt;code&gt;args&lt;/code&gt; table, so if you care about performance you should make sure you aren't doing anything inefficient with your code.

=== Frames and parent frames ===

Arguments in the &lt;code&gt;args&lt;/code&gt; table can be passed from the current frame or from its parent frame at the same time. To understand what this means, it is easiest to give an example. Let's say that we have a module called &lt;code&gt;Module:ExampleArgs&lt;/code&gt;. This module prints the first two positional arguments that it is passed.

{{cot|Module:ExampleArgs code}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local p = {}

function p.main(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	return p._main(args)
end

function p._main(args)
	local first = args[1] or ''
	local second = args[2] or ''
	return first .. ' ' .. second
end

return p
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{cob}}

&lt;code&gt;Module:ExampleArgs&lt;/code&gt; is then called by &lt;code&gt;Template:ExampleArgs&lt;/code&gt;, which contains the code &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:ExampleArgs|main|firstInvokeArg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. This produces the result &quot;firstInvokeArg&quot;.

Now if we were to call &lt;code&gt;Template:ExampleArgs&lt;/code&gt;, the following would happen:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50em; max-width: 100%;&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;width: 60%;&quot; | Code
! style=&quot;width: 40%;&quot; | Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstInvokeArg
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstInvokeArg
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg|secondTemplateArg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstInvokeArg secondTemplateArg
|}

There are three options you can set to change this behaviour: &lt;code&gt;frameOnly&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;parentOnly&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;parentFirst&lt;/code&gt;. If you set &lt;code&gt;frameOnly&lt;/code&gt; then only arguments passed from the current frame will be accepted; if you set &lt;code&gt;parentOnly&lt;/code&gt; then only arguments passed from the parent frame will be accepted; and if you set &lt;code&gt;parentFirst&lt;/code&gt; then arguments will be passed from both the current and parent frames, but the parent frame will have priority over the current frame. Here are the results in terms of &lt;code&gt;Template:ExampleArgs&lt;/code&gt;:

; frameOnly
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50em; max-width: 100%;&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;width: 60%;&quot; | Code
! style=&quot;width: 40%;&quot; | Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstInvokeArg
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstInvokeArg
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg|secondTemplateArg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstInvokeArg
|}

; parentOnly
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50em; max-width: 100%;&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;width: 60%;&quot; | Code
! style=&quot;width: 40%;&quot; | Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstTemplateArg
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg|secondTemplateArg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstTemplateArg secondTemplateArg
|}

; parentFirst
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 50em; max-width: 100%;&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;width: 60%;&quot; | Code
! style=&quot;width: 40%;&quot; | Result
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstInvokeArg
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstTemplateArg
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg|secondTemplateArg}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| firstTemplateArg secondTemplateArg
|}

Notes:
# If you set both the &lt;code&gt;frameOnly&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;parentOnly&lt;/code&gt; options, the module won't fetch any arguments at all from #invoke. This is probably not what you want.
# In some situations a parent frame may not be available, e.g. if getArgs is passed the parent frame rather than the current frame. In this case, only the frame arguments will be used (unless parentOnly is set, in which case no arguments will be used) and the &lt;code&gt;parentFirst&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;frameOnly&lt;/code&gt; options will have no effect.

=== Wrappers ===

The ''wrappers'' option is used to specify a limited number of templates as ''wrapper templates'', that is, templates whose only purpose is to call a module. If the module detects that it is being called from a wrapper template, it will only check for arguments in the parent frame; otherwise it will only check for arguments in the frame passed to getArgs. This allows modules to be called by either #invoke or through a wrapper template without the loss of performance associated with having to check both the frame and the parent frame for each argument lookup.

For example, the only content of [[Template:Side box]] (excluding content in {{tag|noinclude}} tags) is &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:Side box|main}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. There is no point in checking the arguments passed directly to the #invoke statement for this template, as no arguments will ever be specified there. We can avoid checking arguments passed to #invoke by using the ''parentOnly'' option, but if we do this then #invoke will not work from other pages either. If this were the case, the {{para|text|Some text}} in the code &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:Side box|main|text=Some text}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; would be ignored completely, no matter what page it was used from. By using the &lt;code&gt;wrappers&lt;/code&gt; option to specify 'Template:Side box' as a wrapper, we can make &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:Side box|main|text=Some text}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; work from most pages, while still not requiring that the module check for arguments on the [[Template:Side box]] page itself.

Wrappers can be specified either as a string, or as an array of strings.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local args = getArgs(frame, {
	wrappers = 'Template:Wrapper template'
})
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
local args = getArgs(frame, {
	wrappers = {
		'Template:Wrapper 1',
		'Template:Wrapper 2',
		-- Any number of wrapper templates can be added here.
	}
})
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Notes:
# The module will automatically detect if it is being called from a wrapper template's /sandbox subpage, so there is no need to specify sandbox pages explicitly.
# The ''wrappers'' option effectively changes the default of the ''frameOnly'' and ''parentOnly'' options. If, for example, ''parentOnly'' were explicitly set to false with ''wrappers'' set, calls via wrapper templates would result in both frame and parent arguments being loaded, though calls not via wrapper templates would result in only frame arguments being loaded.
# If the ''wrappers'' option is set and no parent frame is available, the module will always get the arguments from the frame passed to &lt;code&gt;getArgs&lt;/code&gt;.

=== Writing to the args table ===

Sometimes it can be useful to write new values to the args table. This is possible with the default settings of this module. (However, bear in mind that it is usually better coding style to create a new table with your new values and copy arguments from the args table as needed.)

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;lua&quot;&gt;
args.foo = 'some value'
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

It is possible to alter this behaviour with the &lt;code&gt;readOnly&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;noOverwrite&lt;/code&gt; options. If &lt;code&gt;readOnly&lt;/code&gt; is set then it is not possible to write any values to the args table at all. If &lt;code&gt;noOverwrite&lt;/code&gt; is set, then it is possible to add new values to the table, but it is not possible to add a value if it would overwrite any arguments that are passed from #invoke.

=== Ref tags ===

This module uses [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Metatables|metatables]] to fetch arguments from #invoke. This allows access to both the frame arguments and the parent frame arguments without using the &lt;code&gt;pairs()&lt;/code&gt; function. This can help if your module might be passed {{tag|ref}} tags as input.

As soon as {{tag|ref}} tags are accessed from Lua, they are processed by the MediaWiki software and the reference will appear in the reference list at the bottom of the article. If your module proceeds to omit the reference tag from the output, you will end up with a phantom reference - a reference that appears in the reference list, but no number that links to it. This has been a problem with modules that use &lt;code&gt;pairs()&lt;/code&gt; to detect whether to use the arguments from the frame or the parent frame, as those modules automatically process every available argument.

This module solves this problem by allowing access to both frame and parent frame arguments, while still only fetching those arguments when it is necessary. The problem will still occur if you use &lt;code&gt;pairs(args)&lt;/code&gt; elsewhere in your module, however.

=== Known limitations ===

The use of metatables also has its downsides. Most of the normal Lua table tools won't work properly on the args table, including the &lt;code&gt;#&lt;/code&gt; operator, the &lt;code&gt;next()&lt;/code&gt; function, and the functions in the table library. If using these is important for your module, you should use your own argument processing function instead of this module.&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||
[[Category:Lua metamodules]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>o9f4vhefr3tp0p92jouw1sfqnfpj0ie</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-HotCat</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>7445</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39669</id>
      <timestamp>2025-08-07T08:31:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martin Urbanec</username>
        <id>4524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>importing HotCat, requested at Wikimania by Nomsa Skosana</comment>
      <origin>39669</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="113" sha1="4l8o5clwc557pwnd7zsrg6wkg1vv92x" xml:space="preserve">HotCat: easily add, remove, and change categories on a page, with name suggestions ([[:File:HotCat.png|example]])</text>
      <sha1>4l8o5clwc557pwnd7zsrg6wkg1vv92x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-EnhancedTalk</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>7446</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39671</id>
      <timestamp>2025-08-07T08:42:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martin Urbanec</username>
        <id>4524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>adding a label to a pre-existing gadget</comment>
      <origin>39671</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="195" sha1="5hy5y8dv408u2oi7q9587b7tngtytjp" xml:space="preserve">Enhanced Talk: Color codes discussions to make easier to follow, much like some forums or bulletin board do ([[:Image:Screenshot of the usage of the Enhanced Talk gadget 2008-03-16.jpg|example]])</text>
      <sha1>5hy5y8dv408u2oi7q9587b7tngtytjp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-Round Corners</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>7447</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39672</id>
      <timestamp>2025-08-07T08:45:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martin Urbanec</username>
        <id>4524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creating a label for a pre-existing gadget</comment>
      <origin>39672</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="102" sha1="5wchnsa4bg16viec6fvplsp501rnz0q" xml:space="preserve">Round Corners: Provides more rounded corners for anyone who uses mozilla-based browsers, like firefox.</text>
      <sha1>5wchnsa4bg16viec6fvplsp501rnz0q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-RTRC</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>7448</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39673</id>
      <timestamp>2025-08-07T08:48:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martin Urbanec</username>
        <id>4524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>add label for pre-existing gadget</comment>
      <origin>39673</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="206" sha1="p59gamh9re2dq47ts6i6cas5bjidztg" xml:space="preserve">RTRC: Enables you to monitor the recent changes of a wiki in real-time, with features such as Timeframing, Filtering, Auto-Diff and much more. The actual tool activates itself on [[Special:BlankPage/RTRC]].</text>
      <sha1>p59gamh9re2dq47ts6i6cas5bjidztg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Gadget-wikEd</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>7449</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39676</id>
      <parentid>39675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-08-07T08:50:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martin Urbanec</username>
        <id>4524</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Martin Urbanec moved page [[MediaWiki:Gadget-wikiEd]] to [[MediaWiki:Gadget-wikEd]] without leaving a redirect: typo</comment>
      <origin>39675</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="198" sha1="e00avmihj9hj9gporlw0bhs9teufv5z" xml:space="preserve">''[[:en:User:Cacycle/wikEd|wikEd]]'': A full-featured integrated text editor for Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome. Please read the [[:en:User:Cacycle/wikEd help|help page]] for usage instructions.</text>
      <sha1>e00avmihj9hj9gporlw0bhs9teufv5z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ku hlayela hi Xitsonga Ku Suka Eka Rin'we Kuya Eka Khume</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7450</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39679</id>
      <parentid>39678</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-08-10T13:54:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Neonol</username>
        <id>11729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>tipepper to tiphepha</comment>
      <origin>39679</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="812" sha1="iq5zbancxq02s9vedrajjovluo8hrvj" xml:space="preserve">'''Ku hlayela''' i vutshila bya vutomi hinkwabyo. Swi antswa ngopfu loko utiva ku swi endla hi ririmi ra le kaya. Ndlela yo olova yo dzyoza ku hlayela i ku sungula hi swilo swa xisekelo, ku sungula hi tinomboro ta yin'we ku ya eka [[khume]], naswona u ti titoloveta hi ku phindha-phindha.

=== A hi dzoyeni ku hlayela ===
1 - Nwe

2 - Mbrirhi
[[File:10 diez.png|thumb|282x282px|Khume wa tiphepha]]
3 - Nharhu

4 - Mune

5 - Ntlhanu

6 - Ntsevu

7 - Nkombo

8 - Nhungu

9 - Nkanye

10 - Khume


Sweswi hi dyonzeke ndlela yo hlayela kusuka eka yin'we kuya eka khume&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-tsonga/en/tso/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.xitsonga.org/dictionary/numbers&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, ku titolobela leswi siku swika na swita ku pfuna ku swi tiva kahle.
[[Category:Ku hlayela]]</text>
      <sha1>iq5zbancxq02s9vedrajjovluo8hrvj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Peter Mutharica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7456</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39793</id>
      <parentid>39729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-11-15T23:23:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Alttaripoika</username>
        <id>12185</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>File</comment>
      <origin>39793</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2680" sha1="3o82p7apuhdi30t3sftn9c58k1928jw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Malawian President Peter Mutharika in 2020.jpg|thumb|Peter Mutharika (2020)]]

'''Arthur Peter Mutharika''' (u velekiwe hi 18 July 1940) i n'watipolitiki wa le [[Malawi]], gqweta na loyi a hlawuriweke tanihi Presidente wa Malawi. U tshame a va Presidente ku sukela hi May 2014 ku fikela hi June 2020. I makwavo lontsongo wa Bingu wa Mutharika, mupresidente wa vunharhu wa Malawi, loyi a tirheke ehansi ka yena tanihi mutsundzuxi wa yena eka timhaka ta milawu ya matiko mambe na ya le tikweni ku sukela eku sunguleni ka tsima ra yena ra nhlawulo ku fikela loko Bingu a lova hi ti 5 ta April 2012.

Mutharika u tirhe eka xiyenge xa vululami bya matiko ya misava, a tiveka ngopfu eka nawu wa ikhonomi ya matiko ya misava, nawu wa matiko ya misava na nawu wa vumbiwa wo pimanisa.  U tlhele a va Holobye wa Vululami ivi endzhaku a va Holobye wa Dyondzo, Sayense na Thekinoloji.  Mutharika u tlhele a tirha tani hi Holobye wa Timhaka ta le Handle ku sukela hi 2011 ku ya eka 2012. U komberiwile ku pfuneta ku hlanganisa vuxaka exikarhi ka Malawi na United Kingdom hikwalaho ka ku hohloka ka vudiplomasi exikarhi ka matiko lawa mambirhi endzhaku ka mpfilumpfilu wa Cochrane-Dyet .  Loko a yime tani hi nkhetheni wa Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Peter Mutharika u hlawuriwile tani hi President wa Malawi eka nhlawulo wa 2014 .  U hluriwile eka ku hlawuriwa nakambe hi Lazarus Chakwera endzhaku ka vhoti ya 2019 leyi nga herisiwa no tlhela yi endliwa nakambe hi lembe leri landzelaka, kambe u tlhele a va president-elect endzhaku ko hlula Chakwera eka nhlawulo wa 2025 .

== Vutomi bya le ku sunguleni ni dyondzo ==
Mutharika u velekiwile hi ti 18 Nhlangula 1940 eThyolo. Vatswari va yena a va ri vadyondzisi. U nghene xikolo xa le henhla xa Dedza.   

== Khariya ya swa nawu ==

=== Ku sungula ku tirha ===
Mutharika u kumile LL.B ya yena ya  digri ya nawu eYunivhesiti ya London hi 1965.  Endzhaku ka sweswo u kume digri ya yena ya LL.M. na JSD tidigiri ku suka eYunivhesiti ya Yale  hi 1966 na 1969 hi ku landzelelana. &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated4&quot; /&gt; Mutharika u amukeriwile eka bar eTanzania tanihi gqweta ra xiphurofexinali ku sukela hi 1971. &lt;ref name=&quot;CV&quot; /&gt; Tanihi profesa, u dyondzisile eYunivhesiti ya Dar es Salaam ( [[Tanzania]] ), Yunivhesiti ya Haile Selassie (Ethiopia), Yunivhesiti ya Rutgers (USA), Nhlangano wa Matiko ku nga United Nations Institute for Training and Research Program ya Vaofisara va matiko mambe wa ku suka eAfrika na Asia eYunivhesiti ya Makerere (Uganda), 37 wa malembe  eYunivhesiti ya Washington eSt Louis .  U tlhele a tirha tanihi mutsundzuxi eka American Bar Association 's Rule of Law initiative for Africa. 
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
      <sha1>3o82p7apuhdi30t3sftn9c58k1928jw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maselekwane Modjadji</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7457</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39740</id>
      <parentid>39739</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-09-30T12:47:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Slippery slope302</username>
        <id>10543</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>39740</origin>
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      <text bytes="2122" sha1="9005huzalljxcrin75cf98r669rz89m" xml:space="preserve">'''Maselekwane Modjadji I''' u velekiwe hi 1782 [[naswona]] a a ri Hosikati yo sungula ya Mpfula ya rixaka ra Afrika Dzonga ra Balobedu. Maselekwane u fume ku sukela hi 1800 ku fikela hi 1854. U tlhandlamiwe hi Hosikati Masalanabo Modjadji II.

Wansati loyi a veke Modjadji wo sungula a a tiviwa tanihi Maselekwane Modjadji I. A a tshama a ri yexe, endzeni-ndzeni ka khwati laha a a endla mihivahivana ya le xihundleni ku endla mpfula. Maselekwane u tisungile hi ku nwa chefu hi 1854. A a langutiwa tanihi muyimeri kumbe muhlanganisi exikarhi ka vanhu va yena, vakokwana va le vuhosini na xikwembu-kati xa mpfula.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2003-04-11-7-south/393407.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Masungulo ==
Maselekwane a a ri ntukulu wa yindlu ya vuhosi ya Monomotapa leyi fumeke vanhu va Kalanga va namuntlha va le Zimbabwe hi malembe ya 1400-1500. Mfumo wa Monomotapa a wu fuwile naswona vanhu va vona a va langutela ku akiwa ka marhumbi ya Zimbabwe. Eka xiphemu xo hetelela xa malembe ya va-1500, ndyangu wa le vuhosini wu hlangane na xiphiqo loko n'wana wa hosi ni wa nhwanyana va rhandzana tanihi hi loko va ri maxaka kutani va tika n'wana la nga riki enawini. Hosi yi sindzisiwe ku hlongola n'wana wa yena wa nhwanyana emfun'weni, kutani a balekela edzongeni laha sweswi ku nga Limpopo, Afrika Dzonga

Eka malembe-xidzana mambirhi lama landzeleke, mfumo wu hetelele wu simekiwile endhawini leyi sweswi yi tiviwaka tanihi Bolobedu. Eka xiphemu xo hetelela xa malembe yava 1700s, hosi leyikulu Mambo Mokoto wa nkarhi walowo u tsundzuxiwile hi mimoya ya vakokwana hi norho kumbe ku vonakala leswaku vana va yena hinkwavo va majaha va kunguhata ku n’wi dlaya na/kumbe ku n’wi hlula naswona ntlhantlho wa vumundzuku bya yena lebyi a byi ri kusuhi akuri ku va vana va yena hinkwavo va majaha va dlayiwa kutani a teka no tikisa n’wana wa yena wa nhwanyana, Nkosikazi Dzungundini. Hi ku endla tano va n’wi tiyisisile leswaku mudyandzhaka lontshwa wa xiluvelo xa yena u ta va hosikati leyi nga na matimba eka mpfula naswona xisweswo ku va ndyangu wa vuhosi wa vavasati, vuhosi bya xisati byi simekiwile.

== Swikombo ==</text>
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    <title>Tschabalala Ku tikhoma</title>
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Tschabalala Self (loyi a velekiweke hi 1990) i mutshila wa le Amerika loyi a tivekaka ngopfu hi swifaniso swa yena swa swifaniso swa xisati swa Vantima hi ku tirhisa pende, malapi, na swiphemu leswi lahliweke swa mintirho ya yena ya khale.&lt;ref name=&quot;W magazine&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/tschabalala-self-artist-interview-profile-parasol-unit|title=Meet Tschabalala Self, the 26-Year-Old Artist Empowering the Lives of Black Women|first=Stephanie|last=Eckardt|website=[[W (magazine)|wmagazine.com]]|date=January 16, 2017|access-date=February 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambi leswi a tirhisaka swihangalasamahungu leswi pfanganisiweke, mintirho ya yena hinkwayo yi le ka canvas naswona yi tirhisa &quot;ririmi ro penda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://thecreativeindependent.com/people/tschabalala-self-on-not-being-afraid-of-hard-work/|title=Tschabalala Self on Not Being Afraid of Hard Work|website=thecreativeindependent.com|access-date=February 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;Hi ku hlohloteriwa hi mintirho leyi endliweke hi mutshila wa Muafrika-Amerika Romare Bearden, Self u tumbuluxa tikholaji ta swilo swo hambana leswi a swi hlengeleteke hi ku famba ka nkarhi ivi a swi rhunga swin'we ku kombisa mimiri ya xisati ya Vantima leyi &quot;kaneta tindhawu to koma leti va bohekaka ku va kona eka tona&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bomb Magazine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bombmagazine.org/articles/tschabalala-self/|title=An Individual Is Made of Many Parts: Tschabalala Self Interviewed by Sasha Bonét – BOMB Magazine|website=bombmagazine.org|access-date=June 6, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; U kuma mhaka leyi eka matimu lama nga endzhaku ka ku lwela na ku tshikileriwa ka Maamerika ya Afrika-Amerika eka vaaki. Self u vuyisa miri wa xisati wa Vantima no va kombisa va nga ri na swifaniso swo biha handle ko chava ku xupuriwa.[3] Xikongomelo xa yena i ku &quot;tumbuluxa switlhokovetselo swin'wana ku rhendzela miri wa Vantima.&quot;[4] Ntirho wo tala wa Self wu tirhisa swiaki leswi humaka eka ndhavuko wa Vantima ku aka swifaniso swo fana na quilt. U titshamela eHudson, New York.[5][6]

== Minstaho ==
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Calais, Limpopo</title>
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      <comment>Tiko Ra Africa born the big five traditional leadership</comment>
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      <text bytes="57" sha1="2gwcabn7vapw1m2vqcwxjwat6ens0jg" xml:space="preserve">Hosi Nkulu Mjakhulu

murhangeri wa mfumi WA Afrika Dzonga</text>
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      <comment>Lets see if this works</comment>
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      <text bytes="7" sha1="qhecdibb6h0vuk18p87dt4olwlywjja" xml:space="preserve">{{Bio}}</text>
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  <page>
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      <comment>removed an accidental addition</comment>
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      <text bytes="1662" sha1="7y0qgg0pkfhfc0xw4ksciob6kd2feri" xml:space="preserve">{|table id=&quot;toc&quot; style=&quot;margin:0;background:&quot;#ccccff&quot;;width:100%&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot;
| style=&quot;background:white&quot;  align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
New Zealand

Aotearoa
| 
|-style=&quot;margin:0;background:&quot;#ccccff&quot;;width:100%&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
! Fuleghe
! Xifaniso xa matimba ya le kaya 
|- style=&quot;background: #FFFFFF; text-align: center; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em 0.1em;&quot; 
| style=&quot;width: 145px;&quot; | [[image:Flag of New Zealand.svg|100px|center|flag]]
| style=&quot;width: 145px;&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;border:1px solid #bbbbbb; display:table-cell;&quot;&gt;[[image:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|100px|center|coa]]&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center|[[image:NZL orthographic NaturalEarth.svg|200px]] 
|- style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot;
| Nhloko-ya-makurato : || [[Wellington]]
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Muxaka wa mfumo : || Vuhosi bya vumbiwa bya palamende
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Holobyenkulu : || Christopher Luxon
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Tindzimi : || [[Xinghezi]], [[Māori]] (ririmi ra ximfumo), New Zealand Sign Language (ririmi ra ximfumo)
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Nhlayo ya misava :|| 268,021km² 
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Mali ya tiko : || New Zealand dollar
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Xikombiso xa mali : || NZD
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Ntalo wa vanhu : || 5,338,900
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Madimona: || New Zealander, Kiwi
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Ndhawu ya nkarhi : || NZST
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| UTC offset : || +12:00
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| ccTLD : || .nz
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;
| Ku chayela eka: || Ximatsi

|}

'''New Zealand,''' leyi vuriwaka swinene '''Aotearoa''' I nyika [[Oceania|eOceania]].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vhengele ra Gertrude</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293566419|Gertrude Shope]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Gertrude Ntiti Shope''' OMSS (15 Nhlangula 1925 – 22 Mawuwani 2025) a ri muyimeri wa nhlangano wa vatirhi na n'watipolitiki wa Afrika Dzonga.

== Vutomi na ntirho ==
Shope u velekiwile [[Joni|eJoni]] hi ti 15 ta August 1925, u kuriseriwe no dyondza eBulawayo, eDzongeni wa Rhodesia (sweswi ku nga [[Zimbabwe]] ). U tirhile tanihi mudyondzisi a nga si va xirho xa African National Congress hi 1954.  Loko a joyina pfhumba ro lwisana na dyondzo ya Bantu, u hundzukele eka ku dyondzisa mintirho ya mavoko ematshan'wini ya sweswo.  Hiloko a sungula ku tirha hi matimba eka Nhlangano wa Federation of South African Women, naswona ku ringana nkarhi wo karhi u rhangele Rhavi ra Central Western Jabavu ra xiyenge xa vavasati xa ANC. U tshame evuhlongeni ku sukela hi 1966 ku ya eka 1990, a rhangela vurhumiwa bya vandla leri eka [[Nairobi Women's Meeting|Nhlangano wa Vavasati wa le Nairobi]] naswona a tirhela Nhlangano wa Misava Hinkwayo wa Minhlangano ya vatirhi ku nga World Federation of Trade Unions. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sheldon2005&quot; /&gt; Ku sukela hi 1970 ku fikela hi 1971 a ri matsalani wa Florence Moposho, a pfuneta ku simeka ku kandziyisiwa ka phephahungu ra ''Voice of Women'' . Yena na nuna wa yena Mark, u tshame etindhawini to hambana-hambana hi nkarhi wa vuhlonga bya yena, ku katsa na Prague, [[Botswana]], [[Tanzania]], Czechoslovakia, [[Zambiya|Zambia]] na [[Nayjeriya|Nigeria]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;SAHistory&quot; /&gt; Le Lusaka u tirhile tanihi muyimeri lonkulu wa African National Congress.  Ku sukela hi 1991 kuya eka 1993 Shope u rhangele nhlangano wa African National Congress Women's League . Eka nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa 1994 u hlawuleriwe ku ya epalamende . &lt;ref name=&quot;Sheldon2005&quot; /&gt;

U tekiwile hi nuna wa yena Mark Shope hi 1957 ku fikela loko nuna wa yena a lova hi 1998, loyi a nga va na vana vanharhu na yena: n’watipolitiki Lyndall na vadiplomati Lenin na Thaninga.  

Shope u lovile hi ti 22 Mawuwani 2025, ari na malembe ya 99.   President wa Afrika Dzonga, [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] u lerisile leswaku mijeko ya tiko yi haha hi hafu ya mast. 

== Tirheferense ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Category:Indiya</title>
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    <title>Nosipho Ntwanambi</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1261755257|Nosipho Ntwanambi]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1588" sha1="jkdtm6qpl24xndmljo2nkox3fuwgl9n" xml:space="preserve">'''Nosipho Dorothy Ntwanambi''' (25 Ndzati 1959 – 8 Nhlangula 2014) a ri n'watipolitiki wa Afrika Dzonga, xikan'we na mulwela timfanelo ta vavasati na vumunhu.

== Ntirhovutomi ==
A ri xirho xa African National Congress (ANC),A a ri mudyondzisi exikolweni xa le Gugulethu (xikolo xa le hansi xa Siyazingisa) ku sukela hi 1982 ku fikela loko a va xirho xa Palamende ya Afrika-Dzonga hi 1997 a tirha eka tikomiti to hambana hambana leti hlawuriweke eka National Council of Provinces. Ntwanambi ari Chief Whip wa ANC eka National Council of Provinces, wansati wo sungula ku va chief whip, xiyimo lexi a nga xi khoma ku fikela loko a tshika ntirho hi 2014.   U tirhile tani hi xirho xa National Council of Provinces, yindlu ya le henhla ya Palamende ya Afrika Dzonga, ku sukela hi 2008 ku fikela hi 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;enews&quot; /&gt; Ntwanambi a tlhela a tirha tanihi xandla xa presidente wa Nhlangano wa Vavasati wa African National Congress (ANCWL) hi nkarhi wa rifu ra yena. &lt;ref name=&quot;enews&quot; /&gt;

Ntwanambi a ri xirho xo sungula eka nhlangano wa Vadyondzisi va South African Democratic Teachers Union (SADTU) na Nhlangano wa Vavasati lowu Hlanganeke wa United Women's Organisation (UWO).  U tlhele a va xirho xa Komiti ya Vulawuri ya Rixaka ya ANC.

== Rifu ==
Nosipho Ntwanambi u lovile endzhaku ka ku vabya nkarhi wo leha hi ti 8 Nhlangula 2014, a ri na malembe ya 54, A siya mana wa yena, 2 wa vasesi, makwavo wa xinuna, 2 wa vana va vanhwanyana na 2 wa vatukulu.

== Nakambe vona ==

* Nxaxamelo wa swirho swa Nhlengeletano ya Rixaka ya Afrika-Dzonga leswi feke ehofisini

== Tirheferense ==</text>
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    <title>Gertrude Shope</title>
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'''Gertrude Ntiti Shope''' OMSS (15 Nhlangula 1925 – 22 Mawuwani 2025) a ri muyimeri wa nhlangano wa vatirhi na n'watipolitiki wa Afrika Dzonga.

== Vutomi na ntirho ==
Shope u velekiwile [[Joni|eJoni]] hi ti 15 ta August 1925, u kuriseriwe no dyondza eBulawayo, eDzongeni wa Rhodesia (sweswi ku nga [[Zimbabwe]] ). U tirhile tanihi mudyondzisi a nga si va xirho xa African National Congress hi 1954.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sheldon2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Kathleen E. Sheldon|title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC|year=2005|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Loko a joyina pfhumba ro lwisana na dyondzo ya Bantu, u hundzukele eka ku dyondzisa mintirho ya mavoko ematshan'wini ya sweswo.  Hiloko a sungula ku tirha hi matimba eka Nhlangano wa Federation of South African Women, naswona ku ringana nkarhi wo karhi u rhangele Rhavi ra Central Western Jabavu ra xiyenge xa vavasati xa ANC. U tshame evuchavela-hwahwa ku sukela hi 1966 ku ya eka 1990, a rhangela vurhumiwa bya vandla leri eka [[Nairobi Women's Meeting|Nhlangano wa Vavasati wa le Nairobi]] naswona a tirhela Nhlangano wa Misava Hinkwayo wa Minhlangano ya vatirhi ku nga World Federation of Trade Unions. {(&lt;ref name=&quot;Sheldon2005&quot; /&gt; Ku sukela hi 1970 ku fikela hi 1971 a ri matsalani wa Florence Moposho, a pfuneta ku simeka ku kandziyisiwa ka phephahungu ra ''Voice of Women'' . Yena na nuna wa yena Mark, u tshame etindhawini to hambana-hambana hi nkarhi wa vuchavela-hwahwa bya yena, ku katsa na Prague, [[Botswana]], [[Tanzania]], Czechoslovakia, [[Zambiya|Zambia]] na [[Nayjeriya|Nigeria]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;SAHistory&quot; /&gt;{{Citation
| last        =Sheldon
| first       =Kathleen E
| year        =2005
| title       = Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa
| publisher   =
| publication-place =
| page        =
| url         =
| access-date =
}} &lt;/ref&gt; Le Lusaka u tirhile tanihi muyimeri lonkulu wa African National Congress.  Ku sukela hi 1991 kuya eka 1993 Shope u rhangele nhlangano wa African National Congress Women's League . Eka nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa 1994 u hlawuleriwe ku ya epalamende . &lt;ref name=&quot;Sheldon2005&quot; /&gt;

U tekiwile hi nuna wa yena Mark Shope hi 1957 ku fikela loko nuna wa yena a lova hi 1998, loyi a nga va na vana vanharhu na yena: n’watipolitiki Lyndall na vadiplomati Lenin na Thaninga.  

Shope u lovile hi ti 22 Mawuwani 2025, ari na malembe ya 99.   President wa Afrika Dzonga, [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] u lerisile leswaku mijeko ya tiko yi haha hi hafu ya mast. 

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke (Tirheferense) ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ta vutomi na mitirho ==


Shope u velekiwile [[Joni|eJoni]] hi ti 15 ta August 1925, u kuriseriwe no dyondza eBulawayo, eDzongeni wa Rhodesia (sweswi ku nga [[Zimbabwe]] ). U tirhile tani hi mudyondzisi a nga si va xirho xa African National Congress hi 1954.  Loko a joyina pfhumba ro lwisana na dyondzo ya Bantu, u hundzukele eka ku dyondzisa mintirho ya mavoko ematshan'wini ya sweswo.  Hiloko a sungula ku tirha hi matimba eka Nhlangano wa Vavasati va Afrika-Dzonga ku nga Federation of South African Women, naswona ku ringana nkarhi wo karhi u rhangele Rhavi ra Central Western Jabavu ra xiyenge xa vavasati xa ANC. U tshame eka vuchavela-hwahwa ku sukela hi 1966 ku ya eka 1990, a rhangela vurhumiwa bya vandla leri eka [[Nairobi Women's Meeting|Nhlangano wa Vavasati wa le Nairobi's ku nga Nairobi Women Meeting]] naswona a tirhela Nhlangano wa Misava Hinkwayo wa Minhlangano ya Vatirhi ku nga World Federation of Trade Unions . &lt;ref name=&quot;Sheldon2005&quot; /&gt; Ku sukela hi 1970 ku fikela hi 1971 a ri matsalani wa Florence Moposho, a pfuneta ku simeka ku kandziyisiwa ka phephahungu ra ''Rito ra Vavasati ku nga Voice of Women'' . Xikan'we na nuna wakwe Mark, u tshame etindhawini to hambana-hambana hi nkarhi wa vuchavela-hwahwa bya yena, ku katsa na Prague, [[Botswana]], [[Tanzania]], Czechoslovakia, [[Zambiya|Zambia]] na [[Nayjeriya|Nigeria]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;SAHistory&quot; /&gt; Le Lusaka u tirhile tani hi muyimeri lonkulu wa African National Congress.  Ku sukela hi 1991 ku ya eka 1993 Shope u rhangele nhlangano wa African National Congress Women's League. Eka nhlawulo wa mani na mani wa 1994 u hlawuriwile ku ya epalamende . &lt;ref name=&quot;Sheldon2005&quot; /&gt;

U tekiwile hi nuna wa yena Mark Shope hi 1957 ku fikela loko nuna wa yena a lova hi 1998, loyi a nga va na vana vanharhu: n’watipolitiki Lyndall na vadiplomati Lenin na Thaninga.  

Shope u lovile hi ti 22 Mawuwani 2025, a ri na malembe ya 99.   President wa Afrika Dzonga, [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] u lerisile leswaku mijeko ya tiko yi haha hi hafu ya mast.</text>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>will this work</comment>
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}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xifundzha xa Bronx</title>
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      <timestamp>2025-12-20T13:01:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>APTOIIA</username>
        <id>12315</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326615502|The Bronx]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--&gt;
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;|name=The Bronx|other_name=Bronx County, New York|settlement_type=[[Boroughs of New York City|Borough]] and [[List of counties in New York|county]]|total_type=&lt;!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --&gt;|motto={{force singular}} {{Lang|la|Ne cede malis}} – &quot;Yield Not to Evil&quot;&lt;br /&gt;({{lit|Yield Not to Evil Things}})|nickname=&lt;!-- images and maps -----------&gt;|image_skyline={{multiple image 
  | border        = infobox
  | total_width   = 300
  | perrow        = 1/2/2/1
  | caption_align = center
  | image1        = New York Botanical Garden April 2015 010.jpg
  | alt1          = LuEsther T. Mertz Library at the New York Botanical Garden Library
  | caption1      = [[LuEsther T. Mertz Library]] at the [[New York Botanical Garden]]
  | image2        = Yankee Stadium overhead 2010.jpg
  | alt2          = Yankee Stadium
  | caption2      = [[Yankee Stadium]]
  | image3        = Bronx Zoo 001.jpg
  | alt3          = Bronx Zoo
  | caption3      = [[Bronx Zoo]]
  | image4        = Bronx Museum Art jeh.JPG
  | alt4          = Bronx Museum of the Arts
  | caption4      = [[Bronx Museum of the Arts]]
  | image5        = The Hub - East 149th Street, The Bronx.jpg
  | alt5          = The Hub - East 149th Street, The Bronx
  | caption5      = [[The Hub, Bronx|The Hub]] 
 }}|imagesize=300px|image_flag=Flag of Bronx County, New York.svg|flag_size=125px|image_seal=Seal of the Bronx.svg|seal_size=90px|image_map={{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|fill=#ffffff|fill-opacity=0|stroke-width=3}}|map_caption=Interactive map outlining the Bronx|pushpin_map=New York City#New York#USA#Earth|pushpin_label_position=left|pushpin_label=|pushpin_map_caption=Location within [[New York City]]##Location in the [[State of New York]]##Location in the [[United States]]##Location on [[Earth]]|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|subdivision_name={{flagu|United States}}|subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|New York}}|subdivision_type2=[[County (United States)|County]]|subdivision_name2=Bronx (coterminous)|subdivision_type3=City|subdivision_name3=[[New York City]]

&lt;!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government --&gt;|parts_style=&lt;!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--&gt;|parts=&lt;!-- parts text, or header for parts list --&gt;|p2=&lt;!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--&gt;

&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;|government_type=[[Boroughs of New York City|Borough of New York City]]|leader_title=[[Borough President]]|leader_name=[[Vanessa Gibson]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])&lt;br /&gt;– ''(Borough of the Bronx)''|leader_title1=[[District attorney|District Attorney]] &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;|leader_name1=[[Darcel Clark]] (D)&lt;br /&gt;– ''(Bronx County)''|established_title=Settled|established_date={{Start date and age|1639}}|named_for=[[Bronx River]] (derived from [[Jonas Bronck]])

&lt;!-- Area ---------------------&gt;|unit_pref=imperial|area_total_sq_mi=57|area_land_sq_mi=42.2|area_water_sq_mi=15|area_water_percent=27

&lt;!-- Elevation --------------------------&gt;|elevation_footnotes=http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=7110 &quot;Bronx High Point&quot; at Peakbagger.com|elevation_max_ft=280|elevation_min_ft=&lt;!-- Population -----------------------&gt;|population_as_of=2020|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=2020CensusMap&gt;{{cite web |url=https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7 |title=2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=August 12, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_total=1472654|population_density_sq_mi=34918|population_est=1384724 {{loss}}|pop_est_as_of=2024|pop_est_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;k066&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Bronx County, New York | website=Census Bureau QuickFacts | date=2024-07-01 | url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/bronxcountynewyork/PST045224 | access-date=2025-05-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_blank1_title=[[Demonym]]|population_blank1=Bronxite&lt;ref&gt;Moynihan, Colin. [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/nyregion/fyi-530409.html &quot;F.Y.I.&quot;], ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 19, 1999. Accessed December 17, 2019. &quot;There are well-known names for inhabitants of four boroughs: Manhattanites, Brooklynites, Bronxites and Staten Islanders. But what are residents of Queens called?&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!-- GDP -----------&gt;|demographics_type2=GDP|demographics2_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;bea.gov&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/lagdp1223.pdf |title = Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022|publisher = [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;|demographics2_title1=Total|demographics2_info1=US$43.675 billion (2022)

&lt;!-- General information ---------------&gt;|timezone=[[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]]|utc_offset=−05:00|timezone_DST=EDT|utc_offset_DST=−04:00|coordinates={{Coord|40|50|14|N|73|53|10|W|region:US-NY|display=title,inline}}|postal_code_type=[[ZIP Code]] prefix|postal_code=104|area_codes=[[Area codes 718, 347, and 929|718/347/929]], [[Area code 917|917]]|website={{Official URL}}}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Louis, Xihlamusela-marito</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>12315</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327287286|St. Louis]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox settlement|name=St. Louis|settlement_type=[[Independent city (United States)|Independent city]]|image_skyline={{multiple image
| total_width             = 280
| border                  = infobox
| perrow                  = 1,2,2,1
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| image1                  = Runner Fountain and Old Courthouse and Arch (5618845531).jpg
| caption1                = The [[Old Courthouse (St. Louis)|Old Courthouse]] and [[Gateway Arch]] in [[Downtown St. Louis]]
| image2                  = St. Louis Art Museum.JPG
| caption2                = [[Saint Louis Art Museum]]
| image3                 = Busch Pano 2022.jpg
| caption3               = [[Busch Stadium]]
| image4                 = Climatron - panoramio.jpg
| caption4               = [[Missouri Botanical Garden]]
| image5                 = St. Louis Union Station (17577826564).jpg 
| caption5               = [[St. Louis Union Station|Union Station]]
}}|image_flag=Flag of St. Louis, Missouri.svg|image_seal=Seal of St. Louis, Missouri.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert|nicknames=&quot;Gateway to the West&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Globosapiens.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.globosapiens.net/travel-information/St.+Louis-698.html|title=St. Louis United States – Visiting the Gateway to the West|publisher=Globosapiens.net|access-date=March 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515090544/http://www.globosapiens.net/travel-information/St.+Louis-698.html |archive-date=May 15, 2011 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Gateway City,&lt;ref name=&quot;Globosapiens.net&quot;/&gt; Mound City,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.slpl.org/slpl/interests/article240099632.asp St. Louis Public Library on &quot;Mound City&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001231020/http://www.slpl.org/slpl/interests/article240099632.asp|date=October 1, 2008}}.&lt;/ref&gt; The Lou,&lt;ref&gt;
[https://archive.today/20080522094145/http://www.stltoday.com/blogzone/the-editors-desk/the-editors-desk/2008/05/offended-by-the-lou/ STLtoday.com on &quot;The Lou&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; Rome of the West,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.romeofthewest.com/ |title=Rome of the West |publisher=Stltoday.com |access-date=August 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810033358/http://www.romeofthewest.com/|archive-date=August 10, 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; River City, The STL, St. Lou|mapframe=yes|mapframe-zoom=9|mapframe-point=none|pushpin_map=Missouri#USA|pushpin_relief=yes|coordinates={{coord|38|37|38|N|90|11|52|W|region:US-MO_type:city(302,000)|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|United States}}|subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Missouri}}|subdivision_type2=[[Combined statistical area|CSA]]|subdivision_name2=[[Greater St. Louis|St. Louis–St. Charles–Farmington, MO–IL]]|subdivision_type3=[[Metropolitan statistical area|Metro]]|subdivision_name3=[[St. Louis, MO-IL MSA|St. Louis, MO-IL]]|established_title=Founded|established_date=February 14, 1764|established_title2=[[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]|established_date2=1809|named_for=[[Louis IX of France]]|government_type=[[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]|governing_body=[[St. Louis Board of Aldermen|Board of Aldermen]]|leader_title=[[Mayor of St. Louis|Mayor]]|leader_name=[[Cara Spencer]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])|leader_title1=[[St. Louis Board of Aldermen|President, Board of Aldermen]]|leader_name1=[[Megan Green]] (D)|leader_title2=[[Treasurer]]|leader_name2=Adam Layne|leader_title3=[[Comptroller]]|leader_name3=[[Donna Baringer]] (D)|leader_title4=[[United States House of Representatives|Congressional representative]]|leader_name4=[[Wesley Bell]] (D)|unit_pref=Imperial|area_total_km2=171.39|area_total_sq_mi=66.17|area_land_km2=159.85|area_land_sq_mi=61.72|area_water_km2=11.53|area_water_sq_mi=4.45|area_urban_sq_mi=910.4|area_urban_km2=2,357.8|area_metro_sq_mi=8,458|area_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;TigerWebMapServer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 28, 2022|archive-date=January 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119173812/https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|elevation_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;St. Louis Elevation&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=St. Louis City, Missouri – Population Finder – American FactFinder|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=106:3:3712217792123411::NO::P3_FID:765765|date=October 24, 1980|access-date=December 23, 2008|archive-date=January 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122161856/https://geonames.usgs.gov/login/index.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|elevation_ft=466|elevation_max_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;St. Louis elevation 2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|website=U.S. Geological Survey|publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior — U.S. Geological Survey|access-date=October 17, 2016|date=April 29, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109183109/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=November 9, 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_total=301578|population_as_of=[[2020 United States census|2020]]|population_est=279695|pop_est_as_of=2024|pop_est_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimate2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Census QuickFacts St. Louis |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/stlouiscitycountymissouri/PST045224 |website=census.gov |access-date=March 15, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;2020 Census (City)&quot;/&gt;|population_density_sq_mi=4886.23|population_density_km2=1886.59|population_urban=2156323 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|22nd]])|population_density_urban_km2=914.5|population_density_urban_sq_mi=2,368.6|population_metro=2809299 (US: [[Metropolitan statistical area|21st]])|population_rank=US: [[List of United States cities by population|82nd]]&lt;br&gt;Midwest: 13th&lt;br&gt;Missouri: 2nd|population_blank2_title=[[Combined Statistical Area|CSA]]|population_blank2=2914230 (US: [[Combined statistical area|20th]])|population_demonym=St. Louisan; Saint Louisan|demographics_type2=GDP|demographics2_footnotes=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Total Gross Domestic Product for St. Louis, MO-IL (MSA) |url= https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP41180 |website= fred.stlouisfed.org |access-date= December 7, 2023 |archive-date= October 9, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231009234549/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP41180 |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|demographics2_title1=Greater St. Louis|demographics2_info1=$209.9 billion (2022)|postal_code_type=[[ZIP Code]]s|postal_code={{collapsible list
 | title                    = List
 | frame_style              = border:none; padding: 0;
 | list_style               = display:none
|63101–63141&lt;br /&gt;63143–63147&lt;br /&gt;63150–63151&lt;br /&gt;63155–63158&lt;br /&gt;63160&lt;br /&gt;63163–63164&lt;br /&gt;63166–63167&lt;br /&gt;63169&lt;br /&gt;63171&lt;br /&gt;63177–63180&lt;br /&gt;63182&lt;br /&gt;63188&lt;br /&gt;63190&lt;br /&gt;63195&lt;br /&gt;63197–63199}}|area_code=[[Area code 314|314/557]]|area_code_type=[[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]|timezone=[[Central Time Zone|CST]]|utc_offset=−6|timezone_DST=[[Central Time Zone|CDT]]|utc_offset_DST=−5|elevation_max_ft=614|blank_name=[[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]|blank_info=29-65000|website={{URL|https://stlouis-mo.gov}}|footnotes=}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Timpfula ta Matimba eLimpopo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7518</id>
    <revision>
      <id>39895</id>
      <parentid>39894</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-01-26T06:20:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DIABOLOSI</username>
        <id>12387</id>
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      <text bytes="3091" sha1="ov8f7m9rzm99znfr6n5i7w9yzztd0fi" xml:space="preserve">'''Timpfula ta matimba eLimpopo''' i swiendlakalo swa mpfula lowukulu leswi humeleleke eka Xifundzha xa Limpopo eAfrika Dzonga exikarhi ka lembe ra 2025 ku ya eka 2026. Mpfula lowu wu vangile ku khukhula eka tindhawu to tala, wu onhile magondzo, mabuloho ni tiyindlu, naswona wu khumbe vutomi bya vaaki vo tala. Mfumo wu tivisile xiyimo xa khombo leswaku ku fambisiwa mitirho ya ku ponisa ni ku pfuna lava khumbekeke.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/heavy-rains-claim-38-lives-limpopo-and-mpumalanga&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntsengo ==
'''Timpfula ta matimba eLimpopo''' i swiendlakalo swa mpfula lowukulu leswi humeleleke eka Xifundzha xa Limpopo eAfrika Dzonga exikarhi ka lembe ra 2025 ku ya eka 2026. Mpfula lowu wu vangile ku khukhula eka tindhawu to tala, wu onhile magondzo, mabuloho ni tiyindlu, naswona wu khumbe vutomi bya vaaki vo tala. Mfumo wu tivisile xiyimo xa khombo leswaku ku fambisiwa mitirho ya ku ponisa ni ku pfuna lava khumbekeke.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-01-20-floods-derail-start-of-2026-classes-in-ls-in-limpopo-and-mpumalanga-hundreds-of/&lt;/ref&gt;
----
[[File:Flooded building and tree trunk in the muddy water of the Mekong in Si Phan Don, Laos, September 2019.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Xifaniso xa ku khukhula]]

== Xivangelo ==
Mpfula lowukulu wa 2025–2026 wu humelele hi ku pfumaleka ka nxaxamelo wa mpfula lowu tlulaka nxaxamelo wa nkarhi. Swirho swa mfumo swi hlamusele leswaku '''mphako wa mpfula''' wu tshame wu tlula mikhombo leyi tsariweke hi SACS (South African Climate Service). '''Tindhawu ta Mopani, Vhembe na Sekhukhune''' ti khumbe swinene.&lt;ref&gt;https://iol.co.za/news/weather/2026-01-19-how-limpopo-and-mpumalanga-storms-reached-a-red-level-10-warning/&lt;/ref&gt;


----

== Nkarhi wa swiendlakalo ==

* '''Nhlayo ya mpfula''': Hi N'hwendzhamhala 2025 ku ya eka Sungulii 2026
* '''Tindhawu to khumba''': Vhembe, Mopani, Sekhukhune, Capricorn na Waterberg
* '''Vuyelo''': Magondzo ma onhile, mabuloho ma khwiriwile, swikolo ni swibedlele swi khumbe.
* Vanhu vo tala va fanele ku sindzisiwa emakhayeni.

[[File:2024 Floods 04.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Mpfula]]
----

== Vuyelo eka vaaki ==

* Vanhu va kuma ku khumbeka swinene, ku katsa '''tinxaka ta tinsimu, nsati na vana'''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-01-20-floods-derail-start-of-2026-classes-in-ls-in-limpopo-and-mpumalanga-hundreds-of/&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tiyindlu ta vona ti onhiwile
* Ku khumbe misava yo fambisa swin’wana, xikan’we na '''swihlenge swo karhi swa tipholisi ni mpfuno'''

----

== Nhlamulo wa mfumo ==

* Mfumo wa Afrika Dzonga wu '''tivise xiyimo xa khombo xa rixaka'''
* Mitirho ya ku ponisa yi endliwe hi '''SANDF''', '''Emergency Services''', na '''municipal rescue teams'''
* Ku koxiwa ku fambisa '''mpfuno wa swakudya, mati ni switirhisiwa swa nkarhi'''

----

== Ku ringanisiwa ni ku dyondzisa ==

* Swiendlakalo leswi swi kombisa '''ku kwetsima ka tintsongo ku lawula mpfula na ku khoma swilo'''
* Vanhu va fanele ku dyondza ku '''lungisa swindlu swa vona''' ni ku tiva '''mindlela yo ponisa le ka mpfula lowukulu'''

----

== Mimbhangu ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Draft 1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7550</id>
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      <parentid>40105</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T12:41:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ZandileSihle</username>
        <id>12472</id>
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      <text bytes="1425" sha1="pveoambjxxz6jz02tjjbzmt48yyxp1s" xml:space="preserve">{{Delete|Test page}}
Leyi i dirafiti ya mina yo sungula NO.1. 

Ximakwa
[[File:Barbarella the Chinese crested puppy (12929).jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa  ximakwa]] 


'''Ximakwa''' i muxakwa wa xiharhi lexi vitaniwaka mbyana, kambe yona i mbyana leyi nga cinciki hi ndlela ya xivumbeko hikuva i mbyana leyi kulaka kambe yinga kuli mirhi hikuva yona i mbyana leyi komeke hi ntumbuluko. Yona i mbyana yo saseka swinene hikuva hi xitalo u kuma kuri mbyana yo tala mavoya swinene lero ya mahlo ya yona ya funungetiwile hi voya bya yona. Ximakwa xi hambanile na ti mbyana tin'wana hikuva yona ayi na pongo swinene kufana na [[Timbyana leti nga enyimpini|timbyana]] leti kulu, xona xi soleke xi soleka na rito ku fana na mirhi wunga soleka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dog Breeds Archive |url=https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=American Kennel Club |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Ximakwa xi hambanile na timbyana tin'wana hikuva xona xi komile milenge naswona i mbyana leyi nga ni nomu lowu tsongo ku hambana ni tin'wana ti mbyana. Xona ahi mbyana yo chavisa hikuva ayi lumi. Xifuwo lexi xi hanya na [[vanhu]] ku tlula swinwana swifuwo.&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Having a Bad Day? Here's 30 Pictures of Puppies to Cheer You Up |url=https://www.dailypaws.com/living-with-pets/pet-compatibility/cutest-puppies |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=Daily Paws |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==
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[[Category:Swiharhi]]</text>
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    <title>Nghala</title>
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      <text bytes="513" sha1="hnlyt547y4r28dgs7rtrno46k2vcnyv" xml:space="preserve">'''Nghala''' ( '''''Panthera leo''''' ) i Ximanga lexinkulu xa muxaka wa ''Panthera'', Lexi kumekaka ntsena eAfrika Dzonga wa Sahara na [[Indiya|India]]. Yi na miri wa misiha, wa xifuva xo anama; nhloko yo koma, ya xirhendzevutani; tindleve ta xirhendzevutani; ni xirhundzu xa ntima, lexi nga ni voya emakumu ka ncila wa xona. Yi na xivumbeko xa rimbewu xa dimorphic; tinghala ta xinuna letikulu tikulu kutlula ta xisati naswona tina voya lebyi vonakaka lebyi sukaka enhlokweni kuya fika emakatleni nale xifuveni.</text>
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    <title>Dirafiti 2</title>
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Leyi i ndhawu ro tsala No. 2</text>
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    <title>Draft 2</title>
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      <text bytes="2162" sha1="q5rjzryc9k4bpg2up4u0oyffzhjrtc5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Legs-and-heels.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Milenge]]
Leyi i dirafiti ya mina ya vumbirhi No.2.

Milenge

Milenge i xirho xa nkoka swinene emirini wa munhu hikuva yi pfuna ku seketela miri hinkwawo ni ku endla leswaku munhu a kota ku famba, ku yima ni ku tirha mitirho ya siku na siku. Milenge yi sungula eswikun’wini ku ya fika emakondzweni, naswona yi vumbiwa hi marhambu, misiha, maligamente, mitendoni ni mitsinga ya ngati leswi tirhisanaka ku endla ntirho wun’we. Marhambu ya kona ma tiya swinene leswaku ma kota ku rhwala ntiko wa miri hinkwawo, kasi misiha yona yi pfuna ku endla ku famba-famba hi ku konyela ni ku olovisa marhambu.leswi hlanganisaka marhambu, swo tanihi matsolo ni swikunwana swa minkondzo, swi endla leswaku munhu a kota ku goba, ku tshamisela ni ku cinca ndlela loko a famba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Leg Muscles: Anatomy and Function |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22220-leg-muscles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118145412/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22220-leg-muscles |archive-date=2026-01-18 |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Handle ka ku seketela ni ku pfuna eka ku famba, milenge yi tlhela yi endla mintirho yin’wana ya nkoka swinene emirini. Loko munhu a tsutsuma kumbe a tlula, milenge yi amukela ku tika loku taka hi ku ba ehansi, kutani yi pfuna ku sirhelela nkolo ni swirho swa le ndzeni leswaku swi nga vaviseki. Misiha ya milenge yi tlhela yi pfuna ku fambisa ngati leswaku yi tlhelela e mbilwini, hikuva loko yi konyela yi tshikelela mitsinga ya ngati kutani yi pfuna ku khandziyisa ngati ku lwa ni matimba ya ntumbuluko. Leswi swi pfuna ku sivela ku ruruha ka milenge ni ku antswisa rihanyo ra miri hinkwawo. Hikwalaho, ku hlayisa milenge swi na nkoka swinene, naswona munhu u fanele ku endla vutiolori, ku dya swakudya leswi hanyeke kahle ni ku papalata ku tshama nkarhi wo leha a nga fambafambi. Milenge leyi hanyeke kahle yi endla leswaku munhu a kota ku hanya vutomi lebyi tirhaka, lebyi tiyeke ni lebyi tsakisaka.
https://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/
== TIBUKU LETI TIRHISIWEKE ==
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    <title>Mhelembe</title>
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'''Mhelembe''', ixiharhi xanhova lexi mamisaka naswona xitiveka hi rimhondzo rin’we kumbe timbirhi emahlweni ka nhompfu. Kuna tinxaka timbirhi ta timhelembe, naswona ti tumbuluka e[[Afrika]], kasi tinharhu ti tumbuluka eDzongeni na le Dzonga-vuxa bya Asia.

Timhelembe ti tala kutika kutlula hafu ya thani loko ti kurile. Ti dya swakudya swa miroho, kasi byongo tona tika kwalomu ka 400–600 watigiremu. eka swihadyani leswi mamisaka swa vukulu bya swona, nhlonge yo sirhelela leyi vumbiweke swiphemu-phemu . Hi ntolovelo tidya miroho na matluka ya minsinya, hambi leswi vuswikoti bya tona byo virisa swakudya eka marhumbu ya tona yale ndzhaku byi pfumelelaka ku hanya hi mihandzu kumbe timintsu. Timhelembe ta Afrika ti tiveka hiku pfumala meno emahlweni ka milomu ya tona; ematshan’weni ya sweswo ti tirhisai milomu ya tona leswaku ti tshovela swakudya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The encyclopaedia of mammals |date=1987 |publisher=Facts on File Publ |isbn=978-0-87196-871-5 |editor-last=Macdonald |editor-first=David W. |edition=Repr |series=An equinox book |location=New York |pages=490-495}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Timhelembe ti dlayiwa hi vahloti lava nga riki enawini hikwalaho ka timhondzo ta tona, leti xaviwaka ti tlhela ti xavisiwa hi nxavo wa le henhla, leswi endlaka leswaku tiva ekhombyeni ro herisiwa. Makete wa manguva lawa wa timhondzo ta mhelembe wu fambisiwa ngopfu hi China na [[Vietnam]], laha ti xaviwaka hi vaxavi lava fuweke leswaku exikarhi ka swin'wana, ti tirhisiwa eka mirhi ya xintu ya Ma[[Chayina]]. Timhondzo ta mhelembe ti endliwe hi keratin, ku nga nchumu lowu fanaka ni misisi ni minwala, naswona kuhava vumbhoni lebyinene bya leswaku tinga pfuna hi ta rihanyo. Ku tlhela ku va ni makete wa timhondzo ta timhelembe le Yemen, lowu a wu ri xihlovo lexikulu xa ku laviwa ka timhondzo hi malembe ya 1970 na 1980.
[[File:White_rhinos_(female_and_young).webm|thumb| Mhelembe yo basa ya xisati na rhole ra yona.]]

== Migingiriko ya nhlayiso ==
Hi ku ya hi [[World Wide Fund for Nature]], ku hlayisiwa ka timhelembe ta le Afrika tanihi leswi ti dyaka swimilana swo tala i swa nkoka eku hlayiseni ka xivumbeko xa ndhawu ya le Afrika na swicelwa swa ntumbuluko swa vanhu va ndzhawu.

=== Tindlela to sivela ku hlotiwa ka swiharhi hi ndlela yo biha ===

==== Ku susiwa ka timhondzo ====
Leswaku ku siveriwa ku hlotiwa ka timhelembe, etindhawini tin'wana, timhelembe ta titivatiwa naswona timhondzo ta tona ti susiwa. Vahlayisi va ntanga wa swiharhi lava hlomeke, ngopfu-ngopfu eAfrika Dzonga, va rhangela ku lwa ni ku hlota loku nga riki enawini, minkarhi yin'wana va dlaya vahloti lava nga riki enlawini lava khomiweke varikarhi vahlota hi nkarhi wolowo. Ku engeteleka ka ku dlayiwa ka timhelembe hi 2012 ku engetele ku vilela hi vumundzuku bya swiharhi leswii.  Nkambisiso wa ''Sayense'' wa 2025 wu kume leswaku ku tsemiwa ka timhondzo swi hungute vuhloti hikwalomu ka 78%. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kuiper |first=Timothy |last2=Haussmann |first2=Sharon |last3=Whitfield |first3=Steven |last4=Polakow |first4=Daniel |last5=Dreyer |first5=Cathy |last6=Ferreira |first6=Sam |last7=Hofmeyr |first7=Markus |last8=Shaw |first8=Jo |last9=Bird |first9=Jed |last10=Bourn |first10=Mark |last11=Boyd |first11=Wayne |last12=Greeff |first12=Zianca |last13=Hartman |first13=Zala |last14=Lester |first14=Kim |last15=Nowak |first15=Ian |date=2025-06-05 |title=Dehorning reduces rhino poaching |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado7490 |journal=Science |volume=388 |issue=6751 |pages=1075–1081 |doi=10.1126/science.ado7490}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ku cheriwa chefu eka timhondzo ====
Hi lembe ra 2011, Phurojeki yo ponisa timhelembe yi sungurile endlelo ro chela chefu leyi hlayisekeke eka timhelembe kambe yi ri ni chefu eka vanhu. Endlelo leri ri tlhela ri katsa ku nghenisa ti-chip tinharhu ta RFID na ku teka tisampuli ta DNA.&lt;ref name=&quot;RRR&quot; /&gt; Hikwalaho ka xivumbeko xa timhondzo ta mhelembe, dayi leyi nga ni chefu yi nghena endzeni ka timhondzo kambe a yi cinci muhlovo wa le henhla kumbe ku khumba mahanyelo ya mhelembe. Ku ya hi mpimo wa rimhondzo leti cheriweke chefu leti munhu a ti dyaka, vativi va kholwa leswaku swi nga vanga ku hlamba timbilu, ku pandza ka khwiri, ni nchuluko, naswona swi nga ha endleka ku va ni ku tshukatshuka. Hambileswu chefu yakona yii nge dlayiki - mhakankulu i kusivela vuhloti. Vaseketeri va vula leswaku dayi a yi nge susiwi eka timhondzo, naswona yi tshama yi ri karhi yi voniwa eka X-ray hambi loko timhondzo ti siriwile ti va mapa yo vevuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;RRR&quot; /&gt;

Nhlangano wa le [[Nghilandhi]] lowu vuriwaka “Save the Rhino” wu sole ku tirhisiwa ka chefu eka timhondzo ta timhelembe hikwalaho ka swivangelo swa mahanyelo. Nhlangano lowu wu kaneta mavonelo ya leswaku endlelo ra ku chela chefu ri tirha hi laha a ri kunguhatiwile ha kona, ni leswaku hambi ku ri vaxavisi lava bindzulaka, lava nga riki enawini a va ta va ni nkhathalelo lowukulu eka vaxavi. Ku engetela kwalaho, tin’wana timhondzo ta timhelembe ti xaviwa leswaku ri tirhisiwa ku khavisa, ematshan'weni yo tirhisiwa eka vutshunguri bya xintu. Save the Rhino yi kanakana ku koteka ka ku tirhisa endlelo leri eka timhelembe hinkwato ta le Afrika, tanihi leswi vatirhi va faneleke ku tlhela va tirhisa chefu endzhaku ka malembe ya mune.&lt;ref name=&quot;Poisoning rhino horns&quot; /&gt; Ku tlhele ku vikiwa leswaku yin'we eka 150 ya timhelembe leti cheriweke chefu a ti pfuki endzhaku ko titivarisiwa.

==== Switirhisiwa emathsan’wini ya timhondzo ta timhelembe ====
Ndlela yin'wana yo tsongahata makete wa timhondzo ta mhelembe yi ringanyetiwile hi Matthew Markus wa Pembient, grounds feme ya biotechnology. U ringanyeta ku endliwa ka nchumu lowu nga riki wa ntumbuluko lowu nga sivaka timhondzo ta timhelembe. Ku endla leswaku valawuri va kota ku hambanisa rimhondzo leri endliweke. Tinhlamulo to sungula leti humaka eka vahlayisi vo tala a ti nga ri tinene, kambe xiviko xa 2016 lexi humaka eka TRAFFIC - lexi langutisaka bindzu ra swiharhi swa nhova na swiphemu swa swiharhi - xi pfumerile leswaku &quot;... swi nga hatlisela ku herisa bindzu ra timhondzo ta timhelembe naswona swi hoxa xandla eka tindlela ta ku hlayisa ta nkarhi lowu taka&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Distillations&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=24–35}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Ntangu</title>
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[[File:Skor_från_1700-_till_1960-talet_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0056302.jpg|alt=Three blue shelves on a black background. The top shelf displays a pair of pink high heels, a wedge sandal and a dance heel shoe. The middle shelf displays a variety of low-heeled, slipper-type shoes. The bottom shelf displays two antique heeled shoes and a pair of kid's shoes.|thumb|275x275px|Tintangu to hambana hambana leti kombisiweke e Nordic Museum, kukatsa na ti models kusukela hi 1700 kuya eka 1960s.]]
'''Ntangu'''  i nchumu wa xiambalo xa milenge lexi  hi ntolovelo xi kumekaka xingari xinwe kambe swi fambaka hi vumbirhi-mbirhi leswi endleriweke ku sirhelela ni ku chavelela milenge  ya munhu, hakanyingi ntangu yi endliwa hi ndlela leyi xin’wana xi endleriwaka ku ringanela nenge wa ximatsi kasi lowun’wana wu endleriwa nenge wa xinene.

Hambi leswi nenge wa munhu wu nga tolovelaka tindhawu to hambana-hambana na swiyimo swa mavumbelo , wa sirheleleka, naswona tintangu ti nyika nsirhelelo lowu kamberiweke . Xivumbeko a xi boheleriwe eka ntirho, kambe hi ku famba ka nkarhi, tintangu na tona ti ve swilo swa fexeni. Tintangu tin'wana ti ambariwa tanihi switirhisiwa swa vuhlayiseki, ku fana na Tibutsu ta nsimbi leti endleriweke vanhu ngopfu ngopfu vo tirha timayeni naleka esikomu ku komba vuhlayiseki , lebyi ngale ka xiyimo xale henhla .

Hiku engeta , hakanyingi swiambalo swi hundzuke swivumbeko swo tala swo hambana-hambana; hi xikombiso, swirhendze leswi tlakukeke, swi tala ku ambariwa hi vavasati hi nkarhi wa swiendlo  swo lava ku saseka. Tintangu ta manguva lawa ti hambana swinene hi xitayili, ku rharhangana na ntsengo. masandhazi ya na  xisekelo tingava na sole yo olova ntsena na mabhandhi yo olova naswona ti xavisiwa hi ntsengo wale hansi. Tintangu ta fexeni ti le henhla leti endliweke hi vaendli va swiambalo , lava dumeke ti nga ha endliwa hi swilo swo durha, ti tirhisa ku aka loku hlawuriweke naswona ti xavisiwa hi ntsengo wale henhla. Tintangu tin’wana ti endleriwe swikongomelo swokarhi, kufana na maphaxani lawa ya endleriweke ngopfu ku khandziya tintshava kumbe ku skier, kasi tin’wana tina matirhiselo yo angarhela swinene kufana na swin’wetsin’wetsi leswi hundzukeke kusuka eka rivala ra mintlangu hi xikongomelo xo hlawuleka kuya eka mhaka ya  matirhiselo yo angarhela.

Hi ndhavuko, swiambalo a swi endliwa hi xikhumba , mapulanga kumbe canvas, kambe swi ya swi endliwa hi rhaba, tipulasitiki, ni swilo swin’wana leswi humaka eka tikhemikhali ta petiroliyamu .  Emisaveni hinkwayo, bindzu ra swiambalo i bindzu ra R200 wa tibiliyoni hi lembe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 90% wa tintangu ti hetelela ti ri eka tindhawu to lahlela kona thyaka, hikuva switirhisiwa swa tika ku swi hambanisa, ku swi vuyisa kumbe ku swi tirhisa nakambe hi ndlela yin’wana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Tintangu tosungula leti tivekaka i ti sagebrush bark sandals letinga sungula kwalomu ka 10,500 BP kuya eka 9200 BP, leti kumiweke e Fort Rock Cave exifundzheni xa [[Amerikha|US]] xa Oregon hi 1938.  Xihlangi xa khale swinene xa dzovo emisaveni hinkwayo, lexi endliweke kusuka eka xiphemu xin’we xa dzovo ra homu leri bohiweke hi ntambhu ya dzovo etlhelo ka swirhabyani emahlweni nale ndzhaku, xikumeke eka Areni-1 cave complex e [[Armenia]] hi 2008 naswona kutshembiwa leswaku yisungule hi 3500 BC.  ]  &lt;ref name=&quot;Ravilious_Kate&quot; /&gt; Xihlangi xa Jotunheimen xi tshuburiwile hi August 2006: vayimburi va ringanyeta leswaku xihlangi lexi xa dzovo xi endliwile exikarhi ka 1800 na 1100 BC, &lt;ref name=&quot;Nesje Pilø Finstad Solli&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=485–496}}&lt;/ref&gt;  leswi endlaka leswaku kuva xitirhisiwa xa khale swinene xa swiambalo lexi tshuburiweke e Scandinavia. Sandals na switirhisiwa swin’wana leswi endliweke hi fibre ya swimilani swikumeke e Cueva de los Murciélagos e Albuñol e dzongeni wa Spain hi 2023, leswinga sungula kwalomu ka 7500 kuya eka 4200 BC, leswinga endla leswaku kuva leswi kutshembiwaka kuva swihlangi swa khale swinene leswi kumekaka e Europe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Science Advances&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <title>Vunghana</title>
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'''Vunghana''' i vuxaka bya rirhandzu exikarhi ka vanhu vambirhi kumbe ku tlula. I xivumbeko xo tiya  xa vuxaka bya vanhu ku tlula &quot;ku tolovelana&quot; kumbe &quot;ku hlangana&quot;, ku fana na mudyondzi-kulobye, muakelani,mutirhi-kulobye kumbe mutirhi-kulorhi.

Hambileswi ku nga ni swivumbeko swo tala swa vunghana, swihlawulekisi  swo karhi swi tolovelekile eka swiboho swo  tala swo tano, swo tanihi ku hlawula ku va swin’we, ku tiphina hi nkarhi lowu mi wu hetaka swin’we, ni ku kota ku nghenelela eka xiave lexinene na ku seketelana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=1041–1053}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Minkarhi yin'wana vanghana va hambanisiwa na [[ndyangu]], tani hi le ka xivuriso lexi nge &quot;vanghana na ndyangu&quot;, naswona minkarhi yin'wana eka varhandziwa(xikombiso, &quot;varhandzani na vanghana&quot;), hambi leswi layini yi nga vonakiki kahle hi vanghana lava nga na mimpfuno . Hi ku fana na ku va eka ''ndhawu ya vanghana'' swi hlamusela munhu loyi a siveleriweke ku tlakuka ku suka eka xiyimo xa munghana ku ya eka xa murhandziwa (nakambe vona rirhandzu leri nga tlheriseriwiki).</text>
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[[File:US_Navy_submarine_types_of_1940s_and_1950s_drawing_1967.png|thumb]]
Xikepe xa le hansi ka mati i xikepe lexi fambaka elwandle lexi endliweke leswaku xi tirha hi xoxe ehansi ka mati. Kuhambana na xikepe xa le henhla ka mati, lexi nga na vuswikoti byo koma bya le hansi ka mati, xikepe xa le hansi ka mati xi endleriwe hi ku kongoma ku famba ehansi ka mati loku nga heriki na ku tiyimela. Rito leri nge (xikepe xale hansi ka mati) ri tlhela ri tirhisiwa hi matimu ni hi ndlela leyi nga riki ya xiviri ku hlamusela mimovha leyi lawuriwaku hi rhimoti na switirhisiwa swa tirhoboto ni swilo leswitsongo swo tanihi swikepe swa le hansi ka mati leswitsongo kumbe leswi tsakamaka. Ku nga khathariseki vukulu bya swona, swikepe swa le hansi ka mati hi ntolovelo swi vuriwa swikepe hinkwaswo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Movha</title>
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'''Movha''', kumbe '''xipandzamananga''', i nchumu lowu nga na mavhilwa.Tinhlamuselo to tala ta timovha ti vula leswaku ngopfu-ngopfu ti famba emagondzweni, ti khandziyisa vanhu va 1-8, ti ni mavhilwa ya mune, naswona ngopfu-ngopfu ti rhwala vakhandziyiematshan’weni yo layicha nhundzu.  Kuna timovha to tlula 1.6 wa tibiliyoni leti tirhisiwaka emisaveni hinkwayo ku sukela hi 2025.

Musunguri wa Mufurwa Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot u endle movha wo sungula wa le magondzweni lowu tirhisaka mpfula hi 1769, kasi musunguri wa le Switzerland François Isaac de Rivaz u tumbuluxile ni ku endla xipandzamananga xo sungula lexi tirhisaka ku hisa ka le ndzeni hi 1808. Movha wa manguva lawa movha lowu tirhaka, lowu xavisiwaka lowu tirhisiwaka siku na siku wu sunguriwe hi 1886, loko musunguri wa Mujarimani Carl Benz u endle patent ya Benz Patent-Motorwagen ya yena. Mimovha leyi xavisiwaka yi sungule ku kumeka ngopfu hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-20. Oldsmobile Curved Dash ya 1901 na Ford Model T ya 1908, havumbirhi bya yona i timovha ta le Amerika, ti tekiwa ngopfu tanihi timovha to sungula leti endliweke hi vunyingi   na leti nga durhiki ngopfu   , hi ku landzelelana. Mimovha yi amukeriwile hi ku hatlisa eU.S., laha yi nga siva makalichi lama kokiwaka hi tihanci. E Europe na le ka swiphemu swin’wana swa misava, xilaveko xa timovha a xi tlakukanga ku kondza ku va endzhaku ka Nyimpi ya Vumbirhi ya Misava. Eka lembe xidzana ra vu-21, ku tirhisiwa ka timovha ka ha andza hi xihatla, ngopfu-ngopfu eChayina, India ni le matikweni man’wana lamantshwa lama hluvukeke.  

Mimovha yi ni swilo leswi lawulaka ku chayela, ku paka, vuhlayiseki bya vakhandziyi ni mavoni yo hambana-hambana. Eka makume ya malembe lama hundzeke, ku engeteriwe swilo leswi engetelekeke ni swilo leswi lawulaka eka timovha, leswi endleke leswaku ti rharhangana hakatsongo-tsongo. Leswi swi katsa swivoni leswi tirhisiwaka ku vona endzhaku nile matlhelo, moya wo titimela, tisisiteme to kongomisa movha ni vuhungasi bya le movheni . Mimovha yo tala leyi tirhisiwaka eku sunguleni ka malembe ya va 2020 yi fambisiwa hi njhini leyi pfurhaka endzeni, leyi hlohloteriwaka hi ku hisiwa ka mafurha ya petirolo. Mimovha ya gezi, leyi nga tumbuluxiwa eku sunguleni ka matimu ya movha, yi sungule ku xavisiwa hi malembe ya va 2000 naswona yi hangalakile hi malembe ya va 2020. Ku cinca ku suka eka timovha leti tirhisaka mafurha ya petirolo, ku ya eka timovha ta gezi swi vonaka ngopfu eka swiyimo swo tala swo hunguta ku cinca ka maxelo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yunivhesiti</title>
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      <text bytes="2177" sha1="k4zc57rhsbk4ygud2kxdm9ml175ye1g" xml:space="preserve">Ti yunivhesiti to sungula eYuropa ti sunguriwe hi swikolo leswi a swi hlayisiwa hi Kereke ka xikongomelo xo dyondzisa vaprista.Yunivhesiti ya Bologna ({{Lang|it|Università di Bologna}}), [[Ithali|Italy]], leyi i simekiweke hi lembe ra 1088, i yunivhesiti yo sungula hi ku ya hi:

* ku va ka nhlangano lowu hi  nyikaka tidigiri ta le henhla swinene.
* hi ku tirhisa rito leri nge {{Lang|la|universitas}} (leyi yi vumbiweke eku sunguleni ka yona).
* ku va ni ntshunxeko eka swikolo swa kereke ni ku humesa tidigiri ta misava swin’we ni leti nga riki ta misava (leyi nga ni dyondzo leyi fambisiwaka hi vafundhisi ni lava nga riki vafundhisi): ririmi, rhetoriki, logic, ntivo-vukwembu, nawu wa canon na nawu wa notari .     

== Matimu ==
Rito ra ko sungula eka  Xilatini leri  hi ku angarhela yi kombetela eka &quot;nhlayo ya vanhu lava hlanganisiweke eka huvo yin'we, rixaka, khamphani, vaaki, guild, corporation, etc&quot;.  Loko hi tiva vutomi bya le madorobeni ni minhlangano ya le malembeni ya le xikarhi swika  kula, minhlangano yo hlawuleka ya swichudeni ni [[Thicara|vadyondzisi]] leyi nga ni timfanelo ta le nawini leti hlengeletiweke (timfanelo leti hi ntolovelo a ti tiyisisiwa hi mapapila lama humesiweke hi tihosana, vafundhisi kumbe madoroba ya vona ) yi sungule ku vitaniwa hi rito leri leri tolovelekeke. Ku fana na ti guild tin’wana, a ti tilawula naswona a ti boha timfanelo ta swirho swa tona. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Marcia L. Colish}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi matirhiselo ya manguva lawamanga kona, a rito leri ri fikelelaka  ku vula kur &quot;xikolo xa dyondzo hi xona xi nyikaka tidyondzo  ta kahle eka tidyondzo ngopfungopfu leti hi nga riki ta vutshila, naswona hi ntolovelo xi ri na matimba yo nyika tidigiri&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=OED Online|contribution-url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/214804?rskey=Owl6ZY&amp;result=1&amp;isAdvanced=false}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku kandziyisiwa ka khale ka nhlengeletano ya yona ya mabindzu a ka ha ri xivumbeko lexikulu lexi yunivhesiti ya manguva lawa yi xiximiwaka ha xona. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=OED Online|contribution-url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/214804?rskey=Owl6ZY&amp;result=1&amp;isAdvanced=false}} Compare {{Citation|title=Oxford English Dictionary}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Swihahampfhuka swa nyimpi</title>
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      <text bytes="861" sha1="3waciz2bklmdy71y7m4mwpiqanzq2rl" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Formation_of_a_Legacy,_Heritage_flight_merges_aviation_past_and_present_86-16-51-22.jpg|thumb|F-16 Fighting Falcon (exineneni), P-51D Mustang (ehansi), F-86 Sabre (ehenhla) na F-22 Raptor (exineneni) yi yimela tinxaka ta mune ta swihahampfhuka swa nyimpi swa le Amerika.]]
'''Swihaha-mpfhuka swa nyimpi''' (swinga vitaniwa swihaha-mpfhuka swo hlongorisa emoyeni ) [ a ] i swihaha-mpfhuka swa nyimpi leswi endleriweke ngopfu-ngopfu ku lwa hi moya ni moya . Eka nyimpi ya masocha, ntirho wa swihaha-mpfhuka swa nyimpi i ku sungula ku tlakuka ka moya eka ndhawu ya nyimpi.Ku lawula ndhawu yale moyeni ehenhla ka ndhawu ya nyimpi swipfumelela swihahampfhuka leswi hoxaka tibomo na swihahampfhuka leswi hlaselaka ku nghenelela eka ku buluka ka tibomo hi tindlela na maqhinga eka swikongomelo swa nala, naswona swi pfuneta ku sivela nala ku endla leswi fanaka.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xihinga xa ririmi</title>
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'''Xihinga xa ririmi''' i xiga xo fanekisela lexi tirhisiwaka ngopfu ku kombetela eka swihinga swa ririmi eka mbulavurisano, ku nga swiphiqo swa mbulavurisano leswi vanhu kumbe mintlawa leyi vulavulaka kumbe ku tsala [[ririmi]] ro hambana-hambana (kumbe ririmi-nkulu ro hambana eka swiyimo swin'wana).

Xiphiqo xa ririmi xi sivela ku vumbiwa ka vuxaka exikarhi ka vanhu naswona xi nga vanga ku ka ku nga twisisani loku vangaka tinxaka to hambana-hambana ti vuyelo to chavisa. Leswi swi nga katsa nkwetlembetano, ku pfilunganyeka, swiphiqo swa vutshunguri, vugevenga, madzolonga, ni ku tirhisiwa ka nkarhi lowu nga pfuniki nchumu, matshalatshala ya [[mali]], ni vutomi bya munhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buarqoub 2013 pp. 64–77&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=64–77}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xikanyakanya</title>
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      <comment>XIKANYAKANYA</comment>
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[[File:Campana_clásica_de_bicicleta_(sonido)_02.wav|thumb| Bell ya  ya xikanyakanya]]
XIkanyakanya, lexi nakambe xi vuriwaka xikanyakanya xa ku susumeta kumbe xikanyakanya lexi fambisiwaka hi munhu , lexi nga ni mavhilwa mambirhi lama boheleriweke eka rimba, rin'wana endzhaku ka rin'wana. Mufambisi wa xikanyakanya uvuriwa muchayeri.

Xikanyakanya xi sunguriwe hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-19 eYuropa. Eku sunguleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-21, a ku ri ni swikanyakanya swo tlula 1 wa tibiliyo leswi fambaka eka swifundzha swo tala. Ti tlhela ti endla vuhungasi lebyi dumeke, naswona ti tirhisiwe tanihi Switlangiso swa vana. Xikanyakanya xi tirhisiwa eka vutiolori, vusocha na maphorisa, mintirho ya poso, Mphikizano wa swikanyakanya.

Xivumbeko xa xikanyakanya lexi tolovelekeke lexi ololokeke kumbe lexi &quot;nsirhelelo&quot;, a xi cincanga ngopfu ku sukela loko ku endliwe xikanyakanya xo sungula lexi fambisiwaka hi ntambhu kwalomu ka 1885.[3][4][5] Hambiswiritano, vuxokoxoko byo tala byi antswisiwile, ngopfu-ngopfu ku sukela loko ku sunguriwe ku tirhisiwa swilo swa manguva lawa na ku tirhisiwa hi khompyutara. Leswi swi endle leswaku ku va ni maendlelo yo hlawuleka ya swikanyakanya. Eka lembe-xidzana ra vu-21, swikanyakanya swa gezi swi sungule ku rhandziwa.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nambu wa Nyoka</title>
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'''Nambu wa Nyoka''' i nambu lowukulu lowu nga eti ndhawini  ta  Pacific Northwest eUnited States. voma {{Convert|1080|mi|km}} hi ku leha,hiwona woleha  kutlula hikwayu  Columbia, lowu nga nambu lowukulu swinene wa le Amerika N’walungu lowu chelaka eLwandle ra Pacific . wu sungula eYellowstone National Park, evupela-dyambu bya Wyoming, wu khuluka wuhinda hile nyoka mati mobasa leyi omeke ya le dzongeni wa Idaho, Hells Canyon leyi nga ni swiganga emindzilakaneni ya Idaho, Oregon na Washington, naswona eku heteleleni yi tsemakanya Palouse Hills leyi rhendzelekaka ya le dzonga-vuxa bya Washington. Yi hlangana na Nambu wa Columbia ehansi nyana ka Tri-Cities, Washington, edzongeni wa Columbia Basin .

Xiphemu xa mati xa nambu lowu, lexi khulukaka mati eka swiphemu swa swifundzha swa tsevu swa le United States, xi le xikarhi ka Tintshava ta Rocky en’walungwini ni le vuxeni, Great Basin edzongeni ni Tintshava ta Blue ni mananga lama tlakukeke ya Oregon evupela-dyambu. Ndzhawu leyi yina matimu yo leha ya vumaki bya vholkheno ; timiliyoni ta malembe lama hundzeke, ti- basalt ta Nambu wa Columbia ti funengete tindhawu letikulu ta ndhawu ya mati ya le vupela-dyambu bya Nambu wa Nyoka, kasi Rivala ra Nambu wa Nyoka a ku ri vuyelo bya ndhawu leyi hisaka ya vholkheno ya Yellowstone . Nambu lowu wu tlhele wu cinciwa hi ndhambi ya khombo eka Nguva ya Ayisi ya sweswinyana, leyi endleke swivumbeko swo tanihi Snake River Canyon na Shoshone Falls .</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rendzo</title>
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      <text bytes="906" sha1="893699ve3sv32dah9hodnmha769krai" xml:space="preserve">'''Ku kunguhateriwa ,'''minkarhi yin'wana ku vuriwa ku kunguhateriwa (ku suka eka fatum 'xiboho, ku vhumbha, ku kunguhatelwa'),i ndlela leyi kunguhatiweke ka ha ri emahlweni ya swiendlakalo. Swi nga ha tekiwa tanihi vumundzuku lebyi kunguhatiweke ku nga ha va hi ku angarhela kumbe bya munhu un'we.

Hambi leswi hakanyingi swi tirhisiwaka hi ku cincana, marito [[wiktionary:fate|''ku thembha'']] na ''ku kunguhateriwa'' swi na tinhlamuselo to hambana. Ku boxiwa ko sungula loku tiviwaka ka rito leri kumbe nhlamuselo ya rona ku kumeka eka tsalwa leri tsariweke hi matsalelo ya tinhlanga leri vikaka eka Xiphepherhele xa ntsheketo xa Destinies. Swi nga endleka yi kombetela eka ntwanano wa tipolitiki exikarhi ka mintlawa yinharhu ya swikwembu swa le Sumer (cf. Epic Athra Hasis), laha ku nga murhangeri ntsena loyi a nga ni matimba yo vuyisela swilo leswi a swi vekeke eka swiyimo swa swona swo sungula.

*</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tihlo</title>
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      <text bytes="1305" sha1="kflfit6p4h5lidy0gjtft0ufbkancix" xml:space="preserve">Tihlo i xa kutwa lexi xivumbiwa ku vona xirho lexi voniwaka. Ri vona ku langutila ivi ri ku hundzula ku va ti electro- tikhemikhali ta ku susumetiwa eka tinyiyoni (tinyuroni). I xa fambiselo ra ku vona ra xivumbiwa.

Eka swivumbiwa swa le henhla, tihlo i fambiselo leri rharhanganeke ra ku vona leri hlengeletelaka ku vonakala loku humaka eka mbango lowu rhendzeleke, ri lawula matimba ya rona hi ku tirhisa diaphragm, ri ri kongomisa hi ku tirhisa ti-lens leti nga lulamisekiki ku vumba xifaniso, ri hundzula xifaniso lexi xi va nxaxamelo wa mimfungho ya gezi, kutani ri hundzisela mimfungho leyi eka byongo hi tindlela ta misiha leti hlanganisaka tihlo hi ku tirhisa misiha ya mahlo eka tivisiso ni tindhawu tin'wana ta byongo.

Mahlo lama nga ni matimba yo lulamisa ma tile hi swivumbeko swa khume leswi hambaneke hi xisekelo, leswi hlayiweke hi mahlo lama hlanganisiweke ni mahlo lama nga hlanganisiwangiki. Mahlo lawa ya hlanganisiweke ya vumbiwa hi swiphemu swotala leswintsongo swa mahlo, naswona ya tolovelekile eka [[Insect|switsotswana]] na [[Crustacean|ti crustaceans]] . Mahlo lama nga riki ya xihlanganisi ma ni lens yin’we naswona ma kongomisa ku vonakala eka retina leswaku ma endla xifaniso xin’we. Muxaka lowu wa tihlo wu tolovelekile eka swihadyani leswi mamisaka, ku katsa na vanhu.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xivungu Lexi Nga Ni Ndlala Swinene</title>
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Xikhovha lexi nga ni ndlala swinene i ya buku ya vana ya 1969 leyi ku hela, yi ni ku tsariwa hi mutsari wa le Amerika Eric Carle. Xihundla lexi xi landzela xivungu lexi xi ni ndlala lexi xi dyaka swi hambana xi nga si va tlharhamuka ni ku va phaphatani. Yi katsa swilo leswi hoxaka xandla xandla eka ya vana, ku katsa ni ku rhuketela, ku rhanga ya ku ni hlayela. 

== Nkatsakanyo wa xitlhokovetselo ==
Vusiku byin’wana, tandza leritsongo ri etlele ehenhla ka tluka. Hi Sonto nimixo swinene, &quot;xitsotswana lexitsongo lexi nga ni ndlala swinene&quot; xi tshoveka eka tandza ra xona naswona xi hatla xi sungula ku lava swakudya. Eka masiku ya ntlhanu lawa ya landzelaka, xivungu xi dya hi nhlayo leyi andzaka ya mihandzu: apula rin’we hi Musumbhunuku, mapiyere mambirhi hi Ravumbirhi, ti plum tinharhu hi Ravunharhu, mune wa switluka hi Ravumune na ntlhanu wa ti orange hi Ravuntlhanu. Hambiswiritano, xivungu lexi xi tshama xi ri ni ndlala. Hi Mugqivela, u dya swakudya swo hambana-hambana: xiphemu xa khekhe ra chokoleti, khoni ya ayisi khirimi, pickle, xiphemu xa chizi ya Switzerland, xiphemu xa salami, lollipop, xiphemu xa phayi ya cherry, soseji, khekhe ra khapu ni xiphemu xa makwembe. Endzhakunyana hi vusiku byebyo, xivungu lexi xi khomiwa hi ku vava ka khwiri hikwalaho ko dya ngopfu.


== Vuamukeri ==

=== Masagwadi ===
Buku leyi yi winile masagwadi yo tala ku katsa na Sagwadi ra American Institute of Graphic Arts hi 1970, Tibuku ta Vana to Antswa ta le Nghilandhi hi 1970, Selection du Grand Prix des Treize eFurwa hi 1972, na Sagwadi ra Nakamori Reader’s Prize eJapani hi 1975.[1] Ku engetela kwalaho, The New York Times yi tlhele yi yi tshaha tanihi yin'wana ya &quot;Ten Best Picture Books of the Year&quot; hi 1969. 


=== Xikhovha vs. chrysalis ===
Rito leri fambelanaka na moth cocoon ritirhisiwa ematshan’wini ya rito leri faneleke ra phaphatani ra chrysalis. Endzhaku ko vutisa ko tala, Eric Carle u hlamuserile leswaku a ku ri hi vomu:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Naswona hi leyi nhlamuselo ya mina leyi nga riki ya sayense: Xitsotswana xa mina a xi tolovelekanga swinene. Tani hileswi mi swi tivaka switsotswana a swi dyi ti swiwitsi na ayisi khirimu, kutani a wu nge kumi xivungu xa mina eka swiletelo swihi na swihi swa nsimu. Kambe nakambe, loko ndza ha ri mufana lontsongo, tatana a a ku, 'Eric, huma eka nsumbha ya wena.' A a vula leswaku ndzi fanele ndzi pfuleka naswona ndzi amukela misava leyi ndzi rhendzeleke, a swi nga ta twala swi ri swinene ku vula leswaku, ‘Huma eka chrysalis ya wena.’ Nakona vutlhokovetseri byi hlule sayense!&quot; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Ku dya swakudya leswi nga ni rihanyo ===
.[[American Academy of Pediatrics]], [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]], mintlawa ya vanhu lava pfunaka vanhu ni matshalatshala yo lwisana ni ku nyuhela ngopfu ma tirhise buku leyi eku fikeleleni ka swakudya leswi nga ni rihanyo. Hi 2011, AAP yi rhumele tikhopi to hlawuleka ta buku leyi eka vaphakeri va rihanyo tanihi xiphemu xa pfhumba ra swakudya leswi nga ni rihanyo.

== Nkucetelo wa ndhavuko ==
Buku leyi yi tirhisiwile hi khale ka wansati wo sungula Barbara Bush tanihi xiphemu xa pfhumba ra yena ro tlakusa vutivi bya ku hlaya na ku tsala. Hi 1999, Pizza Hut yi kombele valawuri hinkwavo va 50 va le United States ku boxa mavito ya tibuku leti va ti tsakelaka ku sukela evuhlangini. Mufumi wa Texas hi nkarhi wolowo ni n’wana wa Barbara, George W. Bush, u thye ''The Very Hungry Caterpillar'', hambileswi a a ri ni malembe ya 23 hi vukhale hi nkarhi lowu yi kandziyisiweke ha wona. 

== Vuhangalasi bya mahungu na swixavisiwa ==

=== VHS ===
''The Very Hungry Caterpillar'' yi cinceriwe thelevhixini ya le UK hi [[Illuminated Film Company]] hi September 1, 1993. Kutani, hi October 17, 1994, yi humesiwile tanihi [[VHS|vhidiyo ya VHS]] leyi hangalasiweke hi [[PolyGram Filmed Entertainment|PolyGram]] Video. Yi humesiwile nakambe hi June 16, 1997, yi hangalasiwile hi [[Channel 5 Video]], sub-label ya PolyGram. Hi March 18, 2002, yi tlhele yi humesiwa nakambe hi [[Universal Pictures]] tani hi xiphemu xa nxaxamelo wa nxaxamelo lowu vuriwaka ''The World of Eric Carle'' lowu katsaka ''The Very Hungry Caterpillar'' xikan’we na switori swin’wana swa mune swa Eric Carle.

=== DVD ===
''The Very Hungry Caterpillar'' yi humesiwile eka DVD hi April 24, 2006, tanihi xiphemu xa nxaxamelo wa nxaxamelo lowu vuriwaka The World of Eric Carle; yi nyikeriwile hi Khamphani ya Tifilimi leyi voningeriweke naswona yi haxiwile hi Ventura Distribution.</text>
      <sha1>fyqmmy3ino4hvvd2qfyo1e6lh1rmvi5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xibodze</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7579</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40113</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T12:55:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndzhaka23</username>
        <id>12466</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe papila leri vulavulaku hi Xibodze.</comment>
      <origin>40113</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1547" sha1="fudyi3zdzdlz0moyro7xpwlxdpg9994" xml:space="preserve">[[File:A. gigantea Aldabra Giant Tortoise.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa xibodze]]
'''Xibodze''' I xiharhi lexi tshamaku emisaveni.Yi tiveka hi xikhumba xo tiya lexi sirhelelaka mirhi wa xona, xikan’we na milenge yo tiya, yo tiya leyi lulameleke ku famba emisaveni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frey |first=Erzsebet |date=2024-08-21 |title=Otter Facts, Types, Diet, Reproduction, Classification |url=https://doi.org/10.59350/xkx96-64a21 |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuhambana na xibodze xale ndzeni ka mati, lexi talaka ku hanya ematini, swibodze swi tshama emisaveni hinkwayo naswona switala ku kumeka eka tindhawu letinga oma tofana na mananga na byanyi.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frey |first=Erzsebet |date=2024-08-21 |title=Otter Facts, Types, Diet, Reproduction, Classification |url=&lt;/nowiki&gt;https://simplyecologist.com/otter-facts-types-diet-reproduction-classification&lt;nowiki&gt; |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=Simply Ecologist |language=en |doi=10.59350/xkx96-64a21 |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=doi.org}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swibodze i [[swiharhi]] leswi dyaka byanyi, swidya ngopfu byanyi, matluka, mihandzu na swimilani swin’wana. Swi tiveka hi ku famba hi ku nonoka ni ku hanya nkarhi wo leha, laha tinxaka tin’wana ti hanyaka [[Mhelembe|malembe]] yo tlula 100.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frey |first=Erzsebet |date=2024-08-21 |title=Otter Facts, Types, Diet, Reproduction, Classification |url=https://doi.org/10.59350/xkx96-64a21 |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Swikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swiharhi]]</text>
      <sha1>fudyi3zdzdlz0moyro7xpwlxdpg9994</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xintlen’wana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7580</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40114</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T12:55:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xikombiso1</username>
        <id>11662</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzitumbuluxe papila ra xintlen’wana</comment>
      <origin>40114</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2787" sha1="8uwll7jg5tjmlaxhmq559qhkr7arg3c" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Striped skunk, close (21303507080).jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa xintlen’wana]]

'''Xintlen’wana''' i xiharhi xa nhova lexi tivekaka hi ku fafazela risema ro nun’hwa leswaku xitisirhelela. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Best Ways To Protect Yourself From Skunk Sprays |url=https://www.wildlife-removal.com/skunkspraying.html |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.wildlife-removal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swintlen’wana i muxaka wa ximanga naswona xi kula kufikela eka mitara hi kuleha. Kuna tinxaka to hambana-hambana ta swintlen’wana leti hambanaka hi xivumbeko ku suka eka muvala wa ntima na wo basa ku ya eka wa ribungu, hambiswiritano kinkwaswo swina muvala wo lemukisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Swintlen’wana i swiharhi leswi humaka na madyambu naswona swi tshama swi ri swoxe loko swi nga tswali, hambi leswi etindhawini leti titimelaka, swa hlengeletana eka mincele leswaku swi kufumetana. Ninhlikanhi swi tumbeta emigojini, leyi swi yi celaka hi minwala ya swona ya matimba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Striped Skunk |url=https://www.esf.edu/aec/adks/mammals/striped_skunk.php |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.esf.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hambileswi swintlen’wana swi kotaka ku nunwhela notwa swinene, a swi koti kuvonela ekule, naswona switala kudlawa hi kukandziyiwa hi timovha. Swintlen’wana  swi tala ku hanya malembe ya ntsevu enhoveni. Kasi loko swifuwiwa swi hanya kufikela eka khume wa malembe.

Kuna xintlen’wani mintila minharhu, lexi talaka ku hlayisiwa tanihi xiharhi xale kaya. E tikweni ra [[Amerikha|Amerika]], swintlen’wani swi nga hlayisiwa hi nawu tanihi swifuwo swa le kaya eka swifundzhankulu swa 17. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=vea |first=tanner |date=2008-11-20 |title=Is That Skunk? ~ Do Skunks Make Good Pets? {{!}} Nature {{!}} PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/is-that-skunk-do-skunks-make-good-pets/4569/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=Nature |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Loko xintlen’wana xi hlayisiwa ekaya, swiphemu swa xona swo nun'hwa swi tala ku susiwa hi vuhandzuri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-04-22 |title=A stink in the tale: Why Britain is swooning over the pet with a pong |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/property/house-and-home/pets/features/a-stink-in-the-tale-why-britain-is-swooning-over-the-pet-with-a-pong-2273749.html |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=The Independent |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Etikweni ra [[England|Nghilandhi]], swintlen’wana swi nga hlayisiwa tanihi swifuwo swalekaya,[6] kambe vary-chili wa nhlayiso wa swiharhi wa 2006 wu endle leswaku swi nga vi enawini ku susa swiphemu swa swona swo nun'ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Animal Welfare Act 2006 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/45/contents |access-date=24 February 2026 |website=UK Legislation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swiharhi]]</text>
      <sha1>8uwll7jg5tjmlaxhmq559qhkr7arg3c</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nkoka wa swivuriso swa xitsonga eka ku titoloveta ririmi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7581</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40115</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T12:57:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CeeyahD</username>
        <id>12470</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>NDZI TUMBULUXE PAPILA RA NKOKA WA SWIVURISO SWA XITSONGA EKA KU TITOLOVETA RIRIMI</comment>
      <origin>40115</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1874" sha1="56vhu22fixjqufqj35itqk1np5po9dw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Belajar Menggunakan Media LCD Poyektor.jpg|thumb|Mudyondzisi u dyondzisa vana va xikolo hi swivuriso swa Xitsonga]]
'''Swivuriso swa Xitsonga''' i marito ya vutlhari bya ndhavuko lama humaka eka Vatsonga, lama hlanganisaka dyondzo, milawu ya mahanyelo ni mikhuva ya rixaka. Swivuriso swi na nkoka lowukulu eka vutshila bya ku vulavula naswona swi tirhisiwa ku hundzisa vutivi, ku letela mahanyelo lamanene ni ku tiyisa ku twisisana exikarhi ka vanhu. Hi ntolovelo, swivuriso swi tirhisiwa eka timhaka ta siku na siku, eka switori ni le ka tindzima ta vurhangeri leswaku ku humesiwa mianakanyo hi ndlela yo koma kambe leyi enteke.

Eka ku titoloveta ririmi, swivuriso swa Xitsonga swi pfuna swinene eka ku aka vuswikoti byo vulavula ni ku twisisa ririmi hi ku enta. Swi kombisa ku nona ka marito ni ndlela leyi ririmi ri tirhisiwaka ha yona eka swiyimo swo hambana. Dyondzo yi kombisa leswaku swivuriso swi tlhela swi pfuna ku kurisa vutivi bya ndhavuko eka vantshwa, swi tiyisa vuxaka exikarhi ka ririmi ni ndhavuko, naswona swi endla leswaku vutivi bya rixaka byi hundziseriwa eka switukulwana leswi landzelaka.

Hambileswi ku nga na mintlhontlho leyi humaka eka ku tlakuka ka tindzimi ta misava ni ku cinca ka nkarhi, swivuriso swa Xitsonga swa ha ri swa nkoka eka ku hlayisa ririmi ni ndhavuko. Ku swi tirhisa eka dyondzo ni le ka mahanyelo ya siku na siku swi pfuna ku tiyisa ririmi ra Xitsonga ni ku sirhelela ndzhaka ya [[Vatsonga]].Xikombiso: ku tlula ka mhala ku letela n`wana wa le ndzeni, leswi vulaka leswaku n`wana u tekela swiendlo swa vatswari. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Khosa |first=Maxangu Amos |date=2014-11-03 |title=The role played by idioms, proverbs, proverbial phrases and idiomatic expressions in some selected Xitsonga poetry books |url=http://hdl.handle.net/11602/170 |language=other}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== swikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Dyondzo]]</text>
      <sha1>56vhu22fixjqufqj35itqk1np5po9dw</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rihanyo ra mihleketo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7582</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40116</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T12:57:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ms Leiigh</username>
        <id>12471</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra rihanyo ra mihleketo.</comment>
      <origin>40116</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1516" sha1="p7ym7n2nffy01ke5buxllc7v9as38xv" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mental Health Message.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa rihanyo ra miehleketo]]


'''Rihanyo''' ra mihleketo i xiyimo xa vuhlayiseki lexi eka xona munhu a kotaka ku langutana na ntshikilelo lowu tolovelekeke wa vutomi, a lemuka vuswikoti bya yena, a dyondza no tirha hi ndlela leyi humesaka mihandzu, na ku hoxa xandla eka vaaki va yena. Yi katsa swiyenge swa mintlhaveko, swa [[Mihleketo|miehleket]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;o na swa ntshamisano swa rihanyo, naswona yi kuceteriwa hi swilo swa xitekela, mbango na vutomi. Ku hlayisa rihanyo ra mianakanyo swi katsa ku tikhathalela, ku endla vutiolori, ku tihlanganisa ni vanhu ni ku lava mpfuno wa xiphurofexinali loko swi laveka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mental health |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/mental-health |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rihanyo ra mianakanyo a hi ku pfumaleka ka vuvabyi bya [[Mi anakanyo|mianakanyo]] ntsena. I xitirhisiwa lexinene lexi endlaka leswaku vanhu va kota ku lawula ntshikilelo, ku tirha hi ndlela leyinene evuton’wini bya siku na siku, na ku fikelela vuhlayiseki bya munhu hi xiyexe na bya ntshamisano.

Swilo leswi kucetelaka:

Rihanyo ra miehleketo ri vumbiwa hi ku hlanganisiwa ka:

Swilo swa ntivo-vutomi, ku katsa ni swiaki swa xitekela ni tikhemikhali ta misiha.

Mintokoto ya vutomi, yo tanihi ku vaviseka kumbe ku xanisiwa.

Swilo swa ntshamisano na mbango, ku katsa na swiyimo swa tindlu, vuhlayiseki bya vaaki, na xiyimo xa ikhonomi ya vaaki.
== Swikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mihleketo]]</text>
      <sha1>p7ym7n2nffy01ke5buxllc7v9as38xv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Caster Semenya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7583</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40953</id>
      <parentid>40117</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-27T21:32:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lihle012</username>
        <id>12468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339822738|Caster Semenya]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>40953</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2281" sha1="f3ux7teq4ryxu9lkvfpklrszr75ge3f" xml:space="preserve">
Caster Semenya u hlawuriwile ku rhwala mujeko wa tiko hi nkarhi wa nkhuvo wo pfula wa Tipolimtiki ta Ximumu ta Nkaye wa gidi-nkulu ni makume-mbiri.  Endzhaku u hlurile mendlele ya silivhere eka 800 wa timitara ta vavasati eka mintlangu leyi, hi nkarhi wa 1:57.23 wa tisekoni, ku nga nkarhi lowunene wa nguva ya yena. U hundze vaphikizani va tsevu eka Nkaye wa gidi ni makume-mbiri wa timitara to hetelela, kambe a nga hundzanga nghwazi ya World Athletics Mariya Savinova wa le Russia, loyi a tekeke nsuku hi nkarhi wa 1:56.19, a heta hi 1.04 wa tisekoni emahlweni ka Semenya.  Hi nkarhi wa vuhangalasi bya BBC endzhaku ka mphikizano, khale ka mutlangi wa swihinga wa le Britain Colin Jackson u tlakusile xivutiso xa leswaku xana Semenya u hoxe mphikizano, tani hi leswi nkarhi lowu a wu tsutsumisiwa a wu ri kahle endzeni ka vuswikoti bya yena,   hambi leswi entiyisweni Semenya eka nkarhi wolowo a a tsutsuma kan’we ntsena evuton’wini bya yena hi rivilo ro tlula nkarhi wo hlula wa Savinova, loko a hlula eka Vumpfampfarhuti bya Misava bya 2009. 

Hi November Nkaye wa gidi-nkulu ni makume-, Ejensi ya Misava Hinkwayo yo Lwisana ni Swidzidzirisi yi ringanyete leswaku Savinova ni vatlangi van’wana va mune va le Rhaxiya va yirisiwa vutomi hinkwabyo hikwalaho ko tlula milawu ya swidzidzirisi eka Tiolimpiki.  Hi ti 10 Hukuri 20 Nkaye wa gidi-nkulu ni makume-mbiri ntlhanu, Khoto ya Vulamuleri bya Mintlangu (CAS) yi hlongole ximfumo mbuyelo wa Savinova lowu tlheriseriweke endzhaku ku ya eka Nhlangula 2010. Komiti ya Tiolimpiki ya Matiko ya Misava yi tlhele yi avela timendhe ta London Nkaye wa gidi-nkulu ni makume-mbiri, naswona silivhere ya Semenya yi ndlandlamuxiwile ku va nsuku.   

Pholisi ya IAAF eka swiyimo swa le henhla swa ntumbuluko swa testosterone eka vavasati, leyi a yi ri kona ku sukela hi 2011  yi yimisiwile endzhaku ka nandzu wa ''Dutee Chand v. Athletics Federation of India (AFI) &amp; The International Association of Athletics Federations'', eka Khoto ya Vulamuleri bya Mintlangu, yi teke xiboho hi Nhlangula 2015.  Xiboho xi kumile leswaku ku na ku pfumaleka ka vumbhoni lebyi nyikeke leswaku testosterone yi engetele matirhelo ya vatlangi va xisati naswona yi tivise IAAF leswaku yi na malembe mambirhi ku nyika vumbhoni. 
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nghal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7584</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40191</id>
      <parentid>40118</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-25T07:09:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-12423-81</username>
        <id>12487</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>40191</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="873" sha1="edosxrdgyoqtrhdhamslqdionyphtbr" xml:space="preserve"> Nghala:
[[File:African Lion Panthera leo Male Pittsburgh 2800px adjusted.jpg|thumb|272x272px|Lexi i xifaniso xa Nghala ]]

'''Nghala''' i xiharhi xale nhoveni lexi tivekaka hiku hanya hiswinwana swiharhi swale nhoveni, hindlela yo swi hlota kumbe kuswi hlongorisa. Nghala i muxaka wa swimanga swale nhoveni lowu hanyaka hi nyama ya swinwana swiharhi kungari mabyasi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=NG |first=Admin |date=2019-01-01 |title=10 roarsome lion facts! |url=https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/general-animals/10-lion-facts/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=National Geographic Kids |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Tinghala ti kumeka e[[Afrika-Dzonga|Africa Dzonga]] ni yanwana matiko yale Africa, tinwana tinxaka ta tinghala tinga kumeka e[[Amerikha|America]] etindhawini   to titimela swinene eVupela bya Amerika.


== Swikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Tinghala]]</text>
      <sha1>edosxrdgyoqtrhdhamslqdionyphtbr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ximakwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7585</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40119</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T13:00:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ZandileSihle</username>
        <id>12472</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxile papila ra ximakwa.</comment>
      <origin>40119</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1353" sha1="4d5qwywzbyt5rp0q95jsccvia7h1qty" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Barbarella the Chinese crested puppy (12929).jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa  ximakwa]] 


'''Ximakwa''' i muxakwa wa xiharhi lexi vitaniwaka mbyana, kambe yona i mbyana leyi nga cinciki hi ndlela ya xivumbeko hikuva i mbyana leyi kulaka kambe yinga kuli mirhi hikuva yona i mbyana leyi komeke hi ntumbuluko. Yona i mbyana yo saseka swinene hikuva hi xitalo u kuma kuri mbyana yo tala mavoya swinene lero ya mahlo ya yona ya funungetiwile hi voya bya yona. Ximakwa xi hambanile na ti mbyana tin'wana hikuva yona ayi na pongo swinene kufana na [[Timbyana leti nga enyimpini|timbyana]] leti kulu, xona xi soleke xi soleka na rito ku fana na mirhi wunga soleka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dog Breeds Archive |url=https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=American Kennel Club |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Ximakwa xi hambanile na timbyana tin'wana hikuva xona xi komile milenge naswona i mbyana leyi nga ni nomu lowu tsongo ku hambana ni tin'wana ti mbyana. Xona ahi mbyana yo chavisa hikuva ayi lumi. Xifuwo lexi xi hanya na [[vanhu]] ku tlula swinwana swifuwo.&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Having a Bad Day? Here's 30 Pictures of Puppies to Cheer You Up |url=https://www.dailypaws.com/living-with-pets/pet-compatibility/cutest-puppies |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=Daily Paws |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swiharhi]]</text>
      <sha1>4d5qwywzbyt5rp0q95jsccvia7h1qty</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xitsonga Machangana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7586</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40120</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T13:01:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MissJesus</username>
        <id>12475</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra vatsonga machangana.</comment>
      <origin>40120</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1662" sha1="gm3f5psi9ro9bjszq9lclrjgnhoaaql" xml:space="preserve">[[File:History of Tsonga2.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa vatsonga machangana]]


'''Vatsonga''' i ntlawa wo hambana wa tinxaka leti katsa Vashangaan, Vathonga, Vatonga, Vandzawu, VaTshwa, Vakalanga na Valoyi, ku vula tin’wana. Ku hambana ka tinxaka ka tala ku vangela leswaku van’wana va ala vito ra Shangaan kumbe Tsonga, swi ya hi munhu loyi u vulavulaka na yena. I swa nkoka ku twisisa leswaku Vatsonga hinkwavo va huma eka ntumbuluko wun’we, kambe xin’wana na xin’wana xa tinxaka xi teke vutivi ni vutihlawuleli byo hambana. Vatsonga va kumeka e[[Afrika-Dzonga]], e[[Muzambhiki|Mozambique]] na le [[Zimbabwe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Heever |first=Alex van den |date=2024-11-27 |title=A Brief History of the Shangaan and Tsonga People |url=https://worldtrackers.co.za/news/history-of-shangaan-and-tsonga-people/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=World Trackers |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Masungulo ya Vatsonga ma tlhela ma tlhelela emikarhini ya Hosi Shaka Zulu, loko a va tiveka hi ku cincana masela ni swibya swa tinhlalu va kuma koporo, mananga ni munyu. Hosi Shaka u rhumele Soshangane (Manukosi) leswaku a ya hlula ndhawu leyi sweswi yi vuriwaka Dzonga ra Mozambique hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-19 hi nkarhi wa mphikelelo wa Mfecane. [[Soshanghana|Soshangane]] u kokiwile hi ku saseka ni ku nona ka tiko rero swin’we ni ku titsongahata ka vaaki va rona, lava a va katsa tinxaka ta Vanguni na Vatsonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shangaan Tsonga - Nguni People, Tribe - South Africa... |url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_shangaan_tsonga.html |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Swikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Xitsonga]]</text>
      <sha1>gm3f5psi9ro9bjszq9lclrjgnhoaaql</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ha dyondza marha mintirho kuhava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7587</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40121</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T13:02:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hlukani25</username>
        <id>12469</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I have removed the article from the first draft to the final draft</comment>
      <origin>40121</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="860" sha1="90mzvnysircs1tq9t2ch5e22sbz9hne" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Earnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment, 2024 (United States).jpg|thumb|DYONDZO]]
Ha dyondza marha mintirho ku hava

'''DYONDZO''' I XITLHANGU. [[Nelson Mandela]] u tshame a vula leswaku “Dyondzo i xilotlelo xa ku humelela&quot; naswona utshembha leswaku hikwalaho ka [[Dyondzo-Tinhlayo|dyondzo]] n'wana wa mutirhi wale mugodini angava murhangeri wa mugodi, kumbe murhangeri wa tiko. Vatswari va hina ava tshembha leswaku dyondzo hi yona ntlhari ro lwisana na ku Kala Ka mintirho na vusiwana kambe aswi leku veni hi ndlela yona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tackling Unemployment in South Africa: Strategies for Sustainable Change |url=https://www.duja.co.za/tackling-unemployment-in-south-africa-strategies-for-sustainable-change/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Minkombo ya vatsari ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Tidyondzo]]</text>
      <sha1>90mzvnysircs1tq9t2ch5e22sbz9hne</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Panthera leo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7588</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40122</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T13:02:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yonghayo1</username>
        <id>12477</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe vutivi hi Panthera leo</comment>
      <origin>40122</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1077" sha1="kjs5axf2x4rovblfw85k4s7a38xybou" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Lion (Panthera leo) old male Chobe.jpg|thumb|xifaniso xa Nghala]]
leyi i drafti ya mina yavu mbirhi

'''Nghala''' i xiharhi xa matimba swinene lexi xi kumekaka enhoveni , lexi xi tivekaka hi vutlharhi byo hlota swinene ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lions: Habitat, Diet, &amp; Conservation |url=https://www.ifaw.org/international/animals/lions |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=IFAW |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; xidya nyama ntsena xi wela ka ntlawa wa ximanga xale nhoveni lexi tivekaka hi vutlharhi noka xingalavi , ku hupiwa hi [[swiharhi]] swinwana swikalaka swingari wa xona mihlovo , xitiveka tani hi xa matimba noka xinga chavi kubiha nakunwe , xa karhata swinene no bhonga hi mpfumawulo wale henhla .Nghala i nala lonkulu wale nhoveni nghala yi tiva ku hlotela ndyangu wa yona hi vutlharhi, yi sirhelela ndyangu wa yona hi mbilu hinkwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lion |url=https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/lion |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Swikombiso ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swiharhi]]</text>
      <sha1>kjs5axf2x4rovblfw85k4s7a38xybou</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mati monwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7589</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40123</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T13:03:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salivary</username>
        <id>12474</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Thosi ra mati.</comment>
      <origin>40123</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="601" sha1="6f7y7w69tbqz0q9a9tywts9m97fpqyn" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Water drop 001.jpg|thumb|thosi ra mati]]
This is my draft space No. 1


MATI

'''Mati''' i vutomi hikuva hikuva hikwaswo leswi hanyaka swa ma lava.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/science/water Water | Definition, Chemical Formula, Structure, Molecule, &amp; Facts | Britannica]&lt;/ref&gt; Vanhu wa tirhisa mati ku nwa, ku [[Swakudya|sweka,]] ku hlamba ni ku cheleta swimilana. Mati ma tlhela ma pfuna miri wa munhu leswaku wu tshama wu ri ni [[rihanyo]] lerinene. Hi fanele ku hlayisa mati hikuva i ya nkoka swinene emisaveni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Swikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mati]]</text>
      <sha1>6f7y7w69tbqz0q9a9tywts9m97fpqyn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rirhandzu ra vanhu va mbirhi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7590</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40124</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T13:04:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lihle012</username>
        <id>12468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rirhandzu ra vanhu vambirhi</comment>
      <origin>40124</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="790" sha1="8t7tcqmvrnc1zqi8d0gr13zwj0h6dpk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:PIERRE-AUGUSTE COT - Primavera (Museo Metropolitano de Nueva York, 1873. Óleo sobre lienzo, 213.4 x 127 cm).jpg|thumb|Vanhu va kombana rirhandzu]]
This is my draft space No.1

Rirhandzu

'''Rirhandzu''' i nchumu wa [[Nyoka hansi|nkoka]] swinene evuton’wini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Language development in children: 0-8 years |url=https://raisingchildren.net.au/babies/development/language-development/language-development-0-8 |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=Raising Children Network |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Loko hi rhandza van’wana, hi kombisa musa, ku twelana ni ku hlonipha. Rirhandzu ri aka ku rhula emindyangwini ni le ka vaaki hinkwavo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A hi hlayiseni rirhandzu etimbilwini ta hina siku ni siku.

== Swikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Rivoningo]]</text>
      <sha1>8t7tcqmvrnc1zqi8d0gr13zwj0h6dpk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vupfumeri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7592</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40131</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T13:37:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MIHLOLO</username>
        <id>12467</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:جزء_خوانی_قرآن_در_سحر_ماه_رمضان-_شهرستان_آراد_و_بیدگل-امامزاده_هلال_ابن_علی-۲۰۱۴_میلادی-_عکاس_مصطفی_معراجی_07.jpg|thumb|Swa vukhngeri]] Vupfumeri:  '''Vupfumeri''' i vukhongeri byo hambana hambana laha vanhu va tshembelaka eka wona eximoyeni, Vanhu va ni ku tshemba hiku hambana ka vona niku hambana ka tindhawu leti va tshamaka eka tona. Vanwana va tinxaka tinwana va tshemba eka vu...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>40131</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1475" sha1="9el7tdb5nc8ovyfszg4thfs6bp0f8fa" xml:space="preserve">[[File:جزء_خوانی_قرآن_در_سحر_ماه_رمضان-_شهرستان_آراد_و_بیدگل-امامزاده_هلال_ابن_علی-۲۰۱۴_میلادی-_عکاس_مصطفی_معراجی_07.jpg|thumb|Swa vukhngeri]]
Vupfumeri:

'''Vupfumeri''' i vukhongeri byo hambana hambana laha vanhu va tshembelaka eka wona eximoyeni, Vanhu va ni ku tshemba hiku hambana ka vona niku hambana ka tindhawu leti va tshamaka eka tona. Vanwana va tinxaka tinwana va tshemba eka vukhongeri bya vanhu lava hindzeke emisaveni kufana ni tinxaka ta vantima lava tirhisaka xintima ku lwa mavabyi, swilo swa ximoya. Vanwana va tirhisa swa xikwembu xale bibeleni laha va khongelaka va tirhisa rito ra yeso loyi va tshembaka leswaku u file a tlhela a pfuka ku ta lwela swidyoho swa vona laha emisaveni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Are Beliefs? {{!}} Psychology Today South Africa|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/za/blog/intense-emotions-and-strong-feelings/202109/what-are-beliefs|access-date=2026-02-24|website=www.psychologytoday.com|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vapfumeri vanwana va tinxaka ta machina ni masomalia va khongela swilo swaku vatliwa kungava kuri swi vanhwana kumbe swiharhi leswi va tshembaka leswaku aswiri na matimba khale laha aku hanya khale ka va kokwana wa vona gidi wa malembe ndzhaku. Vanwana va zondha vapfumeri vati hambanyisa eka vona hikuya hiku hambana ka vona laha swinga rivaleni leswaku ava khongeli xikwembu swo fana.

Tibuku leti tirhisiweke:
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9el7tdb5nc8ovyfszg4thfs6bp0f8fa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ku cinca tindzimi(code-switching) eka tikilasi to tala ta tindzimi eAfrika-Dzonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7593</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40135</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T18:43:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CeeyahD</username>
        <id>12470</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi endlile papila ra codeswitchig</comment>
      <origin>40135</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1900" sha1="aktqdkfidqffcx1fqcpgppoa6rvqqo9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mark Drakeford at Ysgol Henry Richard 01.jpg|thumb|Mudyondzisi u tirhisa Xinghezi na ririmi rale kaya ra mudyondzi leswaku ata kota ku twisisa ntirhikaya wa yena.]]
'''Ku cinca tindzimi (code-switching)''' i ku tirhisa tindzimi timbirhi kumbe ku tlula eka mbulavurisano wun’we kumbe eka nkarhi wun’we wa dyondzo. E [[Afrika-Dzonga]], laha ku nga na tindzimi to tala leti vulavuriwaka, ku cinca tindzimi i ntolovelo lowu tolovelekeke ngopfu eka tiklasi. Vadyondzisi ni vadyondzi va tala va tirhisa ririmi ra le kaya swin’we ni Xinghezi kumbe rin’wana ririmi ra dyondzo leswaku ku antswisiwa ku twisisa.

Vulavisisi bya swa dyondzo byi kombisa leswaku ku cinca tindzimi swi nga tirha tanihi ndlela yo seketela ku dyondza. Vadyondzisi va tirhisa ririmi ra le kaya ku hlamusela timhaka leti nonon’hwaka, ku pfuna vadyondzi ku twisisa marito lamantshwa ni ku va nyika ku titshemba eka ku nghenelela eka dyondzo. Leswi swi pfuna ngopfu eka swiyimo laha vadyondzi va nga si tiviki kahle ririmi leri tirhisiwaka tanihi ririmi ra dyondzo.

Vadyondzisi ni valavisisi va tlhela va kombisa leswaku ku amukela tindzimi hinkwato ta vadyondzi swi tlakusa dyondzo ni ku kurisa vuswikoti bya vona byo ehleketa. Loko ririmi ro fana na Xitsonga ri tirhisiwa swin’we ni tindzimi tin’wana, swi endla leswaku vadyondzi va titwa va amukeriwile naswona swi pfuna ku fikelela dyondzo hi ndlela leyinene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Seabela |first=Marcia M. |last2=Ncanywa |first2=Thobeka |date=2024-05-10 |title=Code-switching as a pedagogical practice for senior phase teachers teaching content subjects in OR-Tambo district |url=https://ajoted.org/index.php/ajoted/article/view/39 |journal=African Journal of Teacher Education and Development |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=10 |doi=10.4102/ajoted.v3i1.39 |issn=2958-0986}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==

&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Tindzimi]]</text>
      <sha1>aktqdkfidqffcx1fqcpgppoa6rvqqo9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ndzawulo ya dyondzo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7594</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40146</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T19:28:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ms Leiigh</username>
        <id>12471</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra Ndzawulo ya dyondzo.</comment>
      <origin>40146</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1882" sha1="lmzwb0va1e9dwoevzzuarn0tkpfrt3p" xml:space="preserve">[[File:02092024 Saudi Minister of Education Visit-48.jpg|thumb|244x244px|Xifaniso xa ndzawulo ya dyondzo.]]


'''Ndzawulo''' ya dyondzo i ndzawulo ya mfumo leyi nga na vutihlamuleri byo tlakusa na ku lawula dyondzo etikweni.  Vutihlamuleri byo karhi na xivumbeko xa ndzawulo swa hambana ku ya hi tiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |last=Thabethe |first=Michael Msawenkosi |title=Corporate entrepreneurship and organisational performance in the Department of Basic Education, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa |publisher=Durban University of Technology |url=https://doi.org/10.51415/10321/3302}}&lt;/ref&gt;
  Hi ntolovelo, yi tumbuluxa no tirhisa tipholisi ta dyondzo, yi langutela swivandla swa dyondzo, na ku tiyisisa mfikelelo wa dyondzo ya xiyimo xa le henhla.  Xikalo xi tala ku katsa dyondzo ya le hansi, ya le henhla na ya le henhla, xikan’we na ndzetelo wa vutshila na dyondzo yo hlawuleka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Haces-Garcia |first=Arturo |last2=Zhu |first2=Weihang |date=2024-10-29 |title=Building an Accessible and Flexible Multi-User Robotic Simulation Framework with Unity-MATLAB Bridge |url=https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13110282 |journal=Computers |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=282 |doi=10.3390/computers13110282 |issn=2073-431X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tindzawulo ta dyondzo ti kona ematikweni yo hambana, na swikombiso leswi katsaka Ndzawulo ya dyondzo ya masungulo eAfrika-Dzonga, Ndzawulo ya dyondzo eUK (leyi katsaka [[England|Nghilandhi)]], Ndzawulo ya Dyondzo ya [[United States]], na Ndzawulo ya Dyondzo eAustralia.  Mintirho ya nkoka hi ntolovelo yi katsa nhluvukiso wa pholisi, vulawuri, avelo ra mali, na ku nyika nseketelo eka swikolo na vadyondzisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Department of Basic Education &gt; Home |url=https://www.education.gov.za/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.education.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke. ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Tidyondzo]]</text>
      <sha1>lmzwb0va1e9dwoevzzuarn0tkpfrt3p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xikunwana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7595</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40164</id>
      <parentid>40162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T20:15:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CeeyahD</username>
        <id>12470</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ADDED A LINK</comment>
      <origin>40164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3416" sha1="mdxkz4a1189itlhbkpt71bw56o5vzu8" xml:space="preserve">{{Reflist|2}}

Swinkunwana i tidijithi ta nenge wa Tetrapod. Tinxaka ta [[Swiharhi|Xiharhi]] to fana na swimanga leswi fambaka hi swinkunwana swa swona swi hlamuseriwa tanihi digitigrade. [[Vanhu]], na swiharhi swin'wana leswi fambaka hi milenge ya swona, swi hlamuseriwa tanihi hikuva plantigrade;  swiharhi swa  unguligrade hi leswi fambaka swi ri ni '''Swikunwana''' emakumu ka swikunwana swa swona.

== Xivumbeko ==
Hi ntolovelo ku ni swikunwana swa ntlhanu leswi nga kona eka nenge wun’wana ni wun’wana wa munhu. Xikunwana xin’wana ni xin’wana xi ni marhambu manharhu ya phalanx, ya le kusuhi, ya le xikarhi ni ya le kule, handle ka xikunwana lexikulu ( Latin). Eka vanhu vatsongo, xikunwana lexitsongo na xona xi pfumala marhambu ya le xikarhi. Hallux yina ntsena marhambu mambirhi ya phalanx, ya proximal na distal. Mahlangano exikarhi ka phalanx yin'wana na yin'wana i mahlangano ya interphalangeal . Marhambu ya phalanx ya le kusuhi ya xikunwana xin'wana na xin'wana ya hlangana na rhambu ra metatarsal ra nenge eka nhlangano wa metatarsophalangeal . Xikunwana xin’wana ni xin’wana xi rhendzeriwe hi nhlonge, naswona lexi nga kona eka swikunwana hinkwaswo swa ntlhanu i xipikiri xa milenge .

=== Misiha ===
Ku famba ka swikunwana hi xitalo i ku olovisiwa naku ndlandlamuxiwa (ku famba kuya eka vuwexe kumbe endzhaku ka nenge) hiku tirhisa ti-tendons leti nga ni tihlampfana leti namarhelaka eka swikunwana eka swiphemu swale mahlweni nale henhla swa marhambu ya phalanx. &lt;ref name=&quot;GRAYS2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Gray's anatomy for students|last=Drake|first=Richard L.|author2=Vogl, Wayne|author3=Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell|author4=illustrations by Richard|author5=Richardson, Paul|publisher=Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0|location=Philadelphia|pages=557}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 1 . 573 

=== Mphakelo wa ngati ===
Swikunwana swi amukela ngati kusuka eka marhavi ya xidijithali ya ti plantar metatarsal arteries naswona swi humesa ngati eka dorsal venous arch ya nenge. &lt;ref name=&quot;GRAYS2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=557}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 1 . 580–81 

=== Mphakelo wa misiha ===
Ku twa eka nhlonge ya swikunwana swi nyikiwa hi misiha ya ntlhanu. Nsiha wa le henhla wa fibular wu nyika ku twa ehenhla ka swikunwana, handle ka le xikarhi ka hallux na xikunwana xa vumbirhi, lexi nyikiwaka hi misiha ya fibular leyi dzikeke, na vuandlalo bya le handle bya xikunwana xa vuntlhanu, lexi nyikiwaka hi sural nerve . Ku twa ehansi ka swikunwana ku nyikiwa hi misiha ya le xikarhi ka xikunwana, leyi nyikaka ku twa eka xikunwana lexikulu ni swikunwana swa le ndzeni swinharhu ni hafu, ni misiha ya le tlhelo ya le ndzhaku, leyi nyikaka ku twa eka xikunwana lexitsongo ni hafu ya ku twa ka xikunwana xa vumune.

Eka [[vanhu]], hallux hi ntolovelo yi lehe ku tlula xikunwana xa vumbirhi, kambe eka vanhu van’wana, swi nga ha endleka ku nga ri xikunwana xo leha swinene. Kuna mfanelo ku tekelela ka ndzhaka eka vanhu, laha xitekela lexi lawulaka xivangaka xikunwana xa vumbirhi xo leha (&quot;Morton's toe&quot; kumbe &quot;Greek foot&quot;) kasi genotype ya homozygous recessive yi humesa na mfanelo leyi tolovelekeke swinene: hallux yo leha.  Vanhu lava nga na vuvabyi bya xitekela lebyi nga tolovelekangiki bya fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva hi xihlawulekisi va na hallux yo koma leyi vonakaka yi jika endzeni, kumbe exikarhi loko yi pimanisiwa na nenge.
{{Reflist|2}}

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Perekisi</title>
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      <text bytes="349" sha1="ldkcq6iff0lbegjbx0ah04tr2fq3t5k" xml:space="preserve">Peac i nsinya lowu ngana  matluka ya ku nga ni mihandzu yo tsokombela,leyi nga na swihlawulekisi swo hambana-hambana. Swo tala swa swona swi vuriwa timampiri, kasi leswi nga ni nhlonge yo vangama, leswi nga riki na xivumbeko xa vulovolovo swi vuriwa '''ti-nectarines'''. Hambi leswi ti humaka eka muxaka wun'we, ti tekiwa tanihi mihandzu yo hambana.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ntirho</title>
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      <text bytes="932" sha1="1jo2gobqbsy6uljq56uv7i1znrowvxy" xml:space="preserve">'''Ntirho''' i vuxaka exikarhi ka mintlawa yimbirhi leyi lawulaka mphakelo wa mi ntirho na ku holela vatirhi. Hi ntolovelo swi ya hi ntwanano exikarhi ka munhu un'we na muthori  loyi a nga eka khamphani, nhlangano lowu nga bindzuriki, khamphani kumbe nhlangano wun'wana na wun'wana, u hakela  mutirhi hi ku endla ntirho lowu a averiweke wona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=187–94}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vatirhi va tirha hi ku tlherisela miholo, lowu nga hakeriwaka hi ku ya hi ntsengo wa awara, hi ntirho wa le xikarhi kumbe muholo wa lembe, swi ya hi muxaka wa ntirho lowu mutirhi a wu endlaka, swiyimo leswi nga kona swa xiyenge na Matimba yo xaviselana exikarhi ka mintlawa. Vatirhi eka swiyenge swin'wana va nga ha kuma tihakelo ta mahala, tihakelo to engetela. Eka mixaka yin'wana ya mintirho, vatirhi va nga ha kuma mimpfuno ku engetela eka hakelo. Mimpfuno yi nga ha katsa ndzindza-khombo wa rihanyo,tindlu na ndzindzawulo wa vulema.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ximanga</title>
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Ximanga, lexi nakambe xi vitaniwaka ximanga xa le kaya kumbe xa le ndlwini, i xiharhi lexintsongo lexi dyaka nyama. Xi titshega hi swakudya swa nyama naswona xi rhandza ku hlota swiharhi leswitsongo swo fana na makotimbe ni timhunti letitsongo. Xi ni miri lowu tiyeke kambe lowu olovaka ku famba, naswona xi hatlisa ku angula loko xi vona kumbe ku twa khombo. Meno ya xona yo tontswa ni minwala ya xona leyi nga ni matimba swi xi pfuna ku khoma ni ku dlaya leswi xi swi hlovaka. Ku vona ka xona nivusiku ni ku nun’hwetela ka xona swi hluvukisiwile swinene.

Hambileswi ximanga xi nga va ni xinghana ni vanhu, hi ntolovelo i muhloti loyi a tshamaka a ri yexe naswona u tirha ngopfu madyambu ni nivusiku. Swimanga swi vulavurisana hi tindlela to hambanahambana to fana na ku rila, ku bonga, ku huwelela ni ku endla mimpfumawulo yo hambana. Swi tlhela swi kota ku twa mimpfumawulo leyi nga twakaliki kahle eka tindleve ta vanhu, ngopfu-ngopfu leyi endliwaka hi swiharhi leswitsongo leswi swi swi hlovaka.

Vutlhari bya ximanga byi vonaka eka vuswikoti bya xona byo titwananisa ni tindhawu to hambana, ku dyondza hi ku xiyisisa, ni ku tlhantlha swiphiqo. Swimanga swa xisati swi nga veleka vana ku sukela hi ximun’wana ku ya eka ntlhanu, hi ku ya hi ndhawu ni nkarhi wa lembe. Eka tindhawu leti titimelaka swi tala ku veleka hi nkarhi wo karhi wa lembe, kambe eka tindhawu ta equatorial swi nga veleka lembe hinkwaro.

Swimanga swo tala ti na minwala ya ntlhanu emilengeni ya tona ya le mahlweni na mune emilengeni yakwe ya le ndzhaku. Mfungho wa dewclaw wu le kusuhi na minwala yin'wana. Ku tlula kwalaho ku na ku huma loku vonakaka ku ri &quot;nenge&quot; wa vutsevu. Xiyimo lexi xo hlawuleka xa milenge ya le mahlweni endzeni ka swihlakala a xi tirhi eka ku famba loku tolovelekeke kambe ku ehleketiwa leswaku i xitirhisiwa xo sivela ku tlula lexi tirhisiwaka loko ku ri karhi ku tlula. Tinxaka tin'wana ta swimanga ti tala ku va ni tintiho leti engetelekeke (&quot;Polydactyly&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;Danforth1947&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=107–112}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swimanga swa na kwalomu ka 470 wa swiluva swa nantswo, loko swi pimanisiwa na ku tlula 9,000 eka ririmi ra munhu. Makati ya le kaya ni ya le nhoveni ya ni xitekela lexi amukelaka nantswo lexi endlaka leswaku swiluva swa wona swi nga swi koti ku hlangana ni timolekhuli ta chukela, swi swi siya swi nga ri na vuswikoti byo nantswa ku nandziha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Major taste loss in carnivorous mammals|page=4956–4961}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kambe ti ni swibyariwa swa nantswo leswi nga ni asidi, Ti-amino acid to fana ni swiaki swa tiphrotheyini, ni nantswo wo bava.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bradshaw2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=1927S–1931}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swimanga swi hlayisa matimba hi ku etlela ku tlula swiharhi swo tala, ngopfu-ngopfu loko ti ri karhi ti kula. Nkarhi wa siku na siku wa vurhongo wu hambana, hi ntolovelo exikarhi ka 12 na 16 wa tiawara, laha 13 ku ya eka 14 ku nga avhareji. Timbyana tin'wana ti kota ku etlela tiawara ta 20. Xiga lexi nge &quot;ku etlela ka ximanga&quot; ku nga ku wisa ka xinkarhana xi kombetela eka mboyamelo wa ximanga wo etlela (swi nga ri swingani) swa xinkarhana. Nkarhi wo koma wa ku tshukatshuka ka mahlo hakanyingi wu fambisana na ku tshukatlhuka ka misiha, leswi kombaka leswaku va lorha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=280–282}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swikombo ==</text>
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    <title>Jacob Zuma</title>
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      <text bytes="1884" sha1="8lxr7f2dw9eykwpd4ka4mm7i62xp44g" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Russian President Vladimir Putin alongside South African President Jacob Zuma (cropped).jpg|thumb]]

== Jacob Zuma: ==
'''Zuma''' a a ri muhlaseli wa khale wa ku lwisana na apartheid, xirho xa uMkhonto weSizwe, naswona a ri presidente wa African National Congress (ANC) ku sukela hi 2007 ku fika hi 2017. Nongonoko wa mipfuno ya vaaki (social grants) e[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] wu andzile ehansi ka vurhangeri bya Zuma, naswona Zuma u dzunisiwile hikwalaho ka pholisi ya yena ya [[HIV/AIDS]] leyi vuriwaka leswaku yi pfunile ku engetela vutomi byo leha bya vanhu eAfrika Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Jacob Zuma - South African President, Corruption, ANC {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jacob-Zuma/Zuma-as-president |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424113612/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jacob-Zuma/Zuma-as-president |archive-date=2025-04-24 |access-date=2026-02-24 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;


Ku tumbuluxiwile minyangwa leyintshwa ya mfumo, ku fana na Minyangwa ya Vavasati, Vana na Vanhu lava hanyaka na Vutsoniwa; Nhluvukiso wa Miganga na Ku antswisa Tiko (ku hambanisa Vurimi na Timhaka ta Misava); Dyondzo ya Masungulo (ku yi hambanisa na Dyondzo ya le Henhla); Mfumo wa Ntirhisano na Timhaka ta Vuhosi bya Ndabuko (ku tlhela ku kongomisiwa Mfumo wa Swifundzankulu na wa Miganga); MaVeterani ya Masocha (ku suka eka masocha ya le nawini na lawa nga riki ya le nawini); Vuxaka bya Matiko na Ntirhisano (ku tlhela ku kongomisiwa leswi a swi vitaniwa Ndzawulo ya Timhaka ta le Handle); na Nhluvukiso wa ikhonomi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://sahistory.org.za/people/jacob-gedleyihlekisa-zuma |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=sahistory.org.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Xikombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Politiki]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1260" sha1="1eg5766q6667fbchd81xnjkzbiflecm" xml:space="preserve">Eka vutivi bya swimilana, '''nsinya''' i ximilani lexi tshamaka xi ri kona lexi nga na nsinya wo leha kumbe nsinya, hi ntolovelo wu seketela marhavi na matluka . Eka matirhiselo man’wana, nhlamuselo ya nsinya yingava yitsongo, xikombiso, kukatsa ntsena swimilani swa tihunyi leswingana kukula ka vumbirhi, ntsena swimilani leswi tirhisiwaka tani hi timhandzi, kumbe swimilani ntsena leswinga ehenhla ka ku leha loku vekiweke. Tinhlamuselo to anama ti katsa micindzu yo leha, ti tree ferns, mabanana na swihlahla swa bamboo .

Misinya ahi monophyletic ya muxaka unwe kambe yivumbiwa hi tinxaka tohambana hambana ta swimilani leswinga tiyimela hi swoxe leswinga endla xirhabyani na marhavi tani hi ndlela yo tlakuka ehenhla ka swimilani swin’wana kuva swi phikizana hi ku vonakala ka dyambu. Vunyingi bya tinxaka ta misinya i ti angiosperms kumbe ti hardwoods; eka leswin’wana hinkwaswo, yo tala i ti- gymnosperm kumbe tihunyi to olova. Mirhi yi tala ku hanya nkarhi wo leha, mirhi yin’wana yi fika eka magidi yo hlayanyana ya malembe hi vukhale. Misinya yosungula yitumbuluke kwalomu ka 400 miliyoni wa malembe lawa yanga hundza, naswona ku ringanyetiwa leswaku kuna kwalomu ka tibiliyoni ta tibiliyoni tinharhu ta misinya leyi vupfeke emisaveni sweswi.</text>
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    <title>Christopher Nkunku</title>
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      <text bytes="1303" sha1="fizuvsqe1ds6up05mtthenm2zoyirgn" xml:space="preserve">'''Christopher Alan Nkunku''' (loyi a velekiweke hi ti 14 Nyenyankulu 1997) i mutlangi wa bolo ya milenge wa xiphurofexinali wa le Furwa loyi a tlangaka tanihi mutlangi wa le mahlweni kumbe wo hlasela wa le xikarhi  eka xipano Serie A xa AC Milan na xipano xa rixaka xa Furwa .

Nkunku u thwasile eka Paris Saint-Germain Academy naswona u endle ntlangu wa yena wo sungula wa xiphurofexinali eka xipano lexi hi Nwe'ndza-mhala 2015. U tlangile Makume-nhungu wa mitlangu eka vona naswona u hlule xidlodlo xa Ligue 1 kanharhu, Coupe de France kambirhi, na Coupe de la Ligue kambirhi. U rhurhele eka xipano xa le Jarimani xa RB Leipzig hi Nhlangula 2019, laha a nga nghenisa nhungu wa magoza eka Dzana-makumenhungu mambirhi wa mitlangu eka mune wa tinguva naswona a hlule eka DFB-Pokal kambirhi. U hlawuriwile tani hi Mutlangi wa Bundesliga wa Nguva eka pfhumba ra 2021 kufikela 2022 naswona ari mudzaberi lonkulu wa ligi eka nguva leyi landzelaka. Nkunku u sayiniwe hi Chelsea hi lembe ra 2023 hi makume-tlhanu mbirhi&amp;nbsp;miliyoni. Endzhaku ko heta malembe mambirhi eChelsea, u joyine AC Milan hi lembe ra 2025.

Nkunku u yimele tiko ra Furasi eka swiyenge swo tala swa vantshwa va matiko ya misava, a nga se sungula ku tlanga eka xipano xa le henhla xa tiko hi Nyenyankulu 2022.
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
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    <title>Ambala</title>
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'''Rhoko''' (lexi tlhelaka xi tiviwa tani hi nguvu yo funengeta kumbe nguvu) i xiambalo xa le handle xa xiphemu xin'we leyi ambariwaka ku sukela ama katleni kuya fika ehenhla ka milenge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=70}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''swiambalo''' swi tala ku va ni nkhancu lowu khomanisiweke ni xiketi.

Swivumbeko swa maambalelo, swivumbeko swa swiambalo, swiambalo ni mihlovo swa hambana. Ngopfu-ngopfu, swiambalo swi nga hambana hi ku leha ka mavoko, nhamu, ku leha ka xiketi, kumbe hemline. Ku hambana loku ku nga ha va ku langutiew eka swilo swo fana na fexeni, ku titsongahata, maxelo na ku rhandza ka munhu. Swiambalo hi ntolovelo swi lulamele ku ambariwa hi ndlela ya ximfumo na hi ndlela ya xitshuketa.[4]

Hi matimu, Swiambalo swa masungulo na swiambalo swin'wana swa xivumbeko - ku katsa na swilo swo fana na ti corsets, ti partlets, ti petticoats, ti panniers, na ti bustles - a swi tirhisiwa ku fikelela xivumbeko lexi laviwaka.[5][6]</text>
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    <title>Fasitere</title>
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      <text bytes="8830" sha1="2bovi73b148dgvi87qpqdgn1137ywe2" xml:space="preserve"> {{casement_window_parts.svg}}'''Fasitere''' i nchumu lowu pfulekeke ekhumbini, nyangwa, lwangu kumbe movha lexi pfumelelaka ku cincana ka [[Rivoningo|ku vonakala]] naswona xi nga ha tlhela xi pfumelela ku hundza ka mpfumawulo naswona minkarhi yin'wana moya. Hi ntolovelo mafasitere ya manguva lawa ma ni makhethenisi, kumbe ma funengetiwe hi swilo swin’wana leswi vonakaka kumbe leswi vonakaka kahle, ku nga xisirhelelo lexi vekiweke eka furemu  leyi pfulekeke. Sash na furemu switlhela swivuriwa fasitere.  Mafasitere yo tala lama nga ni makhetheni ma nga ha pfuriwa, leswaku ku nghena moya, kumbe ma pfariwa leswaku ku nga vi na [[Maxelo|moya wo biha.]]Mafasitere ma nga ha va ni xipfalo kumbe muchini lowu fanaka wo haka fasitere ri pfala kumbe ku ri khoma ri nga pfuleki hi mpimo wo hambana hambana.

Tinxaka ti katsa fasitere ra tinsiva, mafasitere lama linghisekeke, mafasitere ya hexagonal, mafasitere ya sash lama hakiweke kan’we, na lama hakiweke kambirhi, mafasitere ya sash lama lengalengaka, mafasitere ya casement, mafasitere ya awning, mafasitere ya hopper, mafasitere ya tilt, na slide (hakanyingi ya sayizi ya nyangwa), mafasitere yo tilt na ku jika, mafasitere ya transom, mafasitere ya mavoni ya le tlhelo, mafasitere ya jalousie kumbe louvered, mafasitere ya clerestory,mafasitere ya lancet, swivoni swa le henhla, mafasitere ya le ndzeni ka yindlu, mavoni ya le handle ka yindlu, mafasitere ya le bay, mafasitere ya oriel, mafasitere ya ku hisa, kumbe ya Diocletian, mafasitere, mafasitere ya swifaniso, mafasitere ya rose, mafasitere yo huma hi xihatla, mafasitere ya tinghilazi leti nga ni swifaniso, mafasitere ya Xifurwa, mafasitere ya tiphaneleni, mafasitere lama nga ni swiphepherhele swimbirhi/kanharhu, ni mafasitere ya vuloyi.

''Fasitere ra ririmi'' ra Xinghezi rito ri huma eka {{Lang|non|vindauga}} ya Xinorse xa Khale, ku suka {{Lang|non|vindr}} 'moya' na {{Lang|non|auga}} 'tihlo'.[  {{Lang|is|gluggi}}, rito ra Xiiceland leri vulaka ‘fasitere’  ). Hi Xiswedeni, rito {{Lang|sv|vindöga}} yi sala tanihi rito ra khumbi leri hundzaka ehenhla ka lwangu ra xiyindlwana, naswona hi ririmi ra Xidenixi {{Lang|da|vindue}} na {{Lang|no|[[Bokmål]]}} ya Xinorway {{Lang|no|vindu}}, xihlanganisi lexi kongomeke ni ''tihlo'' xa lahleka, ku fana ni le ka ''fasitere.'' Va-Denmark (kambe ku nga ri va {{Lang|no|Bokmål}} ) rito ri vitaniwa hi ndlela leyi fanaka swinene na ''fasitere''.

''Fasitere'' ri tsariwile rosungula ekusunguleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 13, naswona ekusunguleni ari kombetela eka khumbi leringa glazed eka lwangu. ''Window'' yi sivele {{Lang|ang|eagþyrl}} ya Xinghezi xa Khale, leswi hi ku kongoma swi vulaka ‘eye-hole’, na {{Lang|ang|eagduru}} 'nyangwa wa mahlo'. Hambiswiritano, tindzimi to tala ta Xijarimani ti amukele rito ra Xilatini leri {{Lang|la|fenestra}} ku hlamusela fasitere leri nga ni nghilazi, ro tanihi {{Lang|sv|fönster}} leyi tolovelekeke ya le Sweden, kumbe {{Lang|de|Fenster}} ya le Jarimani. Ku tirhisiwa ka ''fasitere'' eka Xinghezi kumbexana swi vangiwa hi nkucetelo wa Scandinavia eka ririmi ra Xinghezi hi ku tirhisa marito lama lombiweke hi nkarhi wa Nguva ya Viking. Hi Xinghezi, rito ''fenester'' a ri tirhisiwa tanihi xifaniso lexi fanaka ku fikela exikarhi ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-18. ''Fenestration'' yaha tirhisiwa ku hlamusela maendlelo ya mafasitere endzeni ka façade, xikan’we na ''defenestration'', leswivulaka ‘ku lahlela ehandle hi fasitere’.
[[File:MorellaSantaMariaWindow.jpg|left|thumb|Mafasitere yo khavisa lama avaneke hi &quot;mullion&quot; ya alabaster ekerekeni ya Santa Maria La Major ( Morella, Spain)]]
[[File:ValenciaCathedral2.JPG|thumb|Fasitere ra alabaster eKhethedraleni ya Valencia. Xiya tlhelo ra ximatsi leri nga ringaniki, leri rhetaka ra wall-frame, leri pfumelelaka miseve ya dyambu leswaku yi fika eka chancel.]]
Varhoma hi vona vo sungula ku tiviwa ku tirhisa nghilazi eka mafasitere, ku nga thekinoloji leyi kumbexana yi endliweke ro sungula eEgipta wa Rhoma, eAleksandriya c. 100 AD. Swikombiso swa mafasitere swi nga voniwa eka vutshila bya khale bya le rirhangwini bya le Egipta ni swifaniso leswi vatliweke leswi humaka eAsiriya. Mafasitere ya maphepha a ma nga durhi naswona a ma tirhisiwa ngopfu eChayina, Korea na Japani ra khale. Le Nghilandhi, nghilazi yi sungule ku toloveleka emafasitereni ya makaya lama tolovelekeke ntsena eku sunguleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu 17 kasi mafasitere lama endliweke hi swiphepherhele swa rimhondzo ra swiharhi leri phaphatiweke a ma tirhisiwa ku sukela hi lembe-xidzana ra vu 14. Evupela dyambu bya Amerika hi lembe-xidzana ra vu 19, mafasitere ya maphepha lama cheriweke mafurha ma sungule ku tirhisiwa hi vahlapfa lava nga maphayona. Mafasitere ya xitayili xa manguva lawa lama humaka ehansi ku ya fika ehenhla ma sungule ku koteka ntsena endzhaku ka loko maendlelo yo endla tinghilazi ta tipuleti ta le tifemeni ma hetisekile hi ku helela.

=== Tithekinoloji ta thekinoloji ===
Hi lembe xidzana ravu 13 BC, mafasitere yosungula akuri swipfalo leswinga na makhethenisi edlwini leswaku kuta nghena ku vonakala hi nkarhi wa nhlikanhi. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Kulaveka vumbhoni|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)&quot;&gt;ku tshahiwa ka laveka&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Endzhaku, mafasitere a ma funengetiwe hi dzovo ra swiharhi, lapi kumbe tihunyi. Swipfalo leswi a swi ta pfuriwa ni ku pfala swi landzerile. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2016)&quot;&gt;rini?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, ku akiwe mafasitere lawa havumbirhi bya wona a ma sirhelela vaaki eka swilo leswi nga riki swa ntumbuluko ni ku hundzisela ku vonakala, hi ku tirhisa swiphemu swo tala leswitsongo swa swilo leswi voningaka, swo tanihi swiphemu leswi phaphamaleke swa rimhondzo ra swiharhi leri vonakaka kahle, maphepha ya maphepha, swilayi swo olova swa marble (swo tanihi fengite ), kumbe swiphemu swa nghilazi, leswi vekiweke eka swivumbeko swa mapulanga, nsimbi kumbe ntsopfu. Le Vuxeni bya le Kule, a ku tirhisiwa maphepha ku tata mafasitere.  Varhoma hi vona vo sungula ku tiviwa hi ku tirhisa nghilazi eka mafasitere, va tirhisa thekinoloji leyi kumbexana yi sunguleke ku endliwa eEgipta wa Rhoma. Hi ku kongoma, eAleksandriya c. 100 C.E., mafasitere ya nghilazi leyi hoxiweke, hambileswi a ya nga ri na swivumbeko swo biha swa mahlo, ma sungule ku humelela, kambe lawa a ku ri swilo leswitsongo leswi endliweke hi ku tiya, leswi a swi nga ri switsongo ku tlula swibya swa nghilazi leyi pfurhaka (swivumbeko swa silindara) leswi phatluriweke swi va maphepha lama nga ni swivumbeko swa xirhendzevutana swa swirhendzevutana hinkwako. (Ringanisa mafasitere ya ndhavuko ya kereke lama endliweke hi tinghilazi leti nga ni swifaniso). A swi ta teka ku tlula gidi ra malembe nghilazi ya mafasitere yi nga si va erivaleni lerova yi kota ku vona kahle, hilaha hi languteleke hakona sweswi. (Hambiswiritano, mafasitere ya khale ya Rhoma a ma ha pfuna swinene, tanihi leswi a ma nyikela “nhluvuko lowu talaka ku honisiwa eka thekinoloji yo kufumeta (ku pfumelela ku hisa ka dyambu ku nghena ekaya kumbe muako loko ku ri karhi ku sivela moya lowu kufumelaka ku baleka).&quot;  ) Hi 1154, Al-Idrisi u hlamusele mafasitere ya nghilazi tanihi xivumbeko xa xigodlho lexi nga xa hosi ya Mfumo wa Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kevin Shillington}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=3–24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eka malembe xidzana yo tala ku endliwe ti ndlela to tsemeta etlhelo rin’we ra silindara ya nghilazi leyi pfurhaka ni ku humesa swiphepherhele swo olova swa mafasitere ya fokono hi nhlayo leyi fanaka ya swilo swa nghilazi. Leswi swi endle leswaku ku va ni ma fasitere yo leha na yo koma, lawa hi ntolovelo a ma hambanisiwa hi xiseketelo lexi yimisiweke lexi vuriwaka mullion. Mafasitere ya nghilazi lama nga ni mullioned a ku ri mafasitere lama hlawuriweke  exikarhi ka vanhu va le Yuropa lava fuweke, kasi mafasitere ya maphepha a ma nga durhi naswona a ma tirhisiwa ngopfu eChayina, Korea na Japani ra khale. Le Nghilandhi, nghilazi yi sungule ku tolovelekile emafasitereni ya makaya lama tolovelekeke eku sunguleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu 17 ntsena, kasi mafasitere lama endliweke hi tiphayini ta rimhondzo ra swiharhi leri phatluriweke a ma tirhisiwa ku sukela hi lembe xidzana ra vu 14. 

Mafasitere ya xitayili xa manguva lawa ku suka ehansi ku ya fika ehenhla ma sungule ku koteka ntsena endzhaku ka loko maendlelo yo endla tinghilazi ta tipuleti ta le tifemeni ma hetisekile eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ra vu 19.  Mafasitere ya manguva lawa hi ntolovelo ya tatiwa hi ku tirhisa nghilazi, hambi leswi ku tirhisiwaka pulasitiki leyi nga erivaleni na yona.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dyondzo ya matimu</title>
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'''''Matimu''''' i dyondzo leyi hleriweke ya nkarhi lowu nga hundza, leyi kongomisiwaka ngopfu eka nkarhi lowu nga hundzukiki wa vanhu. Tanihi dyondzo  yi kambisisa ni ku hlamusela vumbhoni ku vumba marungula ya leswi humeleleke ni ku hlamusela leswaku hikokwalaho ka yini swi humelerile.Vativi van'wana va vula leswaku matimu i [[Sayensi ya mahanyele|sayense ya ntshamisano]], kasi van'wana va ma teka ma ri xiphemu xa tidyondzo ta vumunhu kumbe va ma teka tanihi dyondzo leyi hlanganisiweke. Minjhekanjhekisano leyi fanaka yi rhendzele xikongomelo xa matimu - hi xikombiso, loko xikongomelo xa yona lexikulu ku ri xa dyondzo, ku paluxa ntiyiso, kumbe ku dyondza tidyondzo eka nkarhi lowu nga hundza.Hi ku angarhela, rito matimu a ri vulavuli eka dyondzo kambe eka nkarhi lowu nga hundza hi woxe, minkarhi ya nkarhi lowu nga hundzaka, kumbe eka matsalwa ya nkarhi lowu hundzeke.

Ndzavisiso wa matimu wu titshege hi swihlovo swa masungulo na swa vumbirhi ku pfuxeta swiendlakalo swa nkarhi lowu hundzeke na ku tiyisisa tinhlamuselo. Nxopaxopo wa swihlovo wu tirhisiwa ku kambela swihlovo leswi,ku kambela ntiyiso wa swona,leswi nga endzeni na ku tshembheka ka swona.Van’wamatimu va lwela ku hlanganisa mavonelo ya swihlovo swo hlayanyana ku hluvukisa xitlhokovetselo lexi hlanganeke.Swikolo swo hambana swa mihleketo, swo tanihi positivism, xikolo xa &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwLA&quot;&gt;Annales&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, Marxism,na postmodernism,swi na maendlelo yo hambana ya maendlelo.
[[Category:History]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fexeni leyi nga ta heta nkarhi wo leha.</title>
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      <text bytes="3431" sha1="4lqe38t21f85kzlymdiiulo1ie79jgz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tokyo Fashion Week 2010.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa fexeni.]]

'''Fexeni''' leyi nga ta tshama nkarhi wo leha i nhlangano lowu wu kumaka matimba emisaveni hinkwayo, wu kongomisa eka ku dizayina, ku humelerisa, na ku dya swiambalo hi ndlela leyi nga onhi mbango na vutihlamuleri eka vaaki.  Indasitiri ya fexeni i yin’wana ya matiko lama thyakisaka swinene emisaveni, laha ku nga na ku onhiwa lokukulu ka mbango ku suka eka ku thyakisa mati ku ya eka ku humesiwa ka khaboni, xikan’we na timhaka ta ntshamiseko to fana na maendlelo ya vatirhi lama nga lulamangiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=SBToolkit |date=2025-01-22 |title=What is Sustainable Fashion: A Complete Guide to Eco-Friendly Clothing |url=https://www.sustainablebusinesstoolkit.com/what-is-sustainable-fashion/ |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=Sustainable Business Toolkit |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xin’wana xa swilo swa nkoka swa [[Basa|fexen]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;i leyi nga ta tshama nkarhi wo leha i ku tirhisiwa ka switirhisiwa leswi nga onhiki ntumbuluko.  Leswi swikatsa organic cotton, malapi lawa ya vuyeleriweke, na swiambalo swa vutumbuluxi swofana na mushroom leather kumbe swin’wana leswi endliweke hi swimilani eka malapi ya ndzhavuko.  Tibrand ti tlhela ti lavisisa tindlela to hunguta thyaka, to tanihi ku pfuxeta swiambalo swa khale kumbe ku tirhisa tindlela to dizayina leti nga riki na thyaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Plummer |first=Dianne |title=What Is Sustainable Fashion And Why It Matters For Our Planet |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianneplummer/2025/10/26/what-is-sustainable-fashion-and-why-it-matters-for-our-planet/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114233939/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianneplummer/2025/10/26/what-is-sustainable-fashion-and-why-it-matters-for-our-planet/ |archive-date=2025-11-14 |access-date=2026-02-25 |work=Forbes |language=en |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuhumelerisi bya mahanyelo i nchumu wun’wana wa nkoka.  Leswi swi vula ku tiyisisa [[Mali|miholo]] leyi ringaneleke, swiyimo swa ntirho leswi hlayisekeke, na ku va erivaleni eka tikheteni ta mphakelo.  Vaxavi va ya va lava vutihlamuleri byo tala eka tibrand, leswi susumetaka indasitiri eka maendlelo ya vutihlamuleri swinene.  Mhaka ya &quot;slow fashion&quot; yitlhela yikuma traction, yi hlohletela vanhu kuva va xava swintsongo, va hlawula khwalithi kutlula nhlayo, naku vekisa eka swiphemu leswinga hundzeriwiki hi nkarhi leswinga heleli eka tindzhawu to lahlela thyaka endzhaku ka ku ambala nyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Kerry |date=2025-05-12 |title=Affordable and Sustainable Fashion Shopping in South Africa |url=https://mynewlook.co.za/affordable-sustainable-fashion-shopping-south-africa/ |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=My New Look |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuyelo bya fexeni yo hatlisa bya [[Almazán|hlamarisa]] – ku ringanyetiwa leswaku indasitiri ya fexeni yi humesa kutlula 12% wa ku humesiwa ka gasi ya greenhouse ya misava hinkwayo naswona yi na vutihlamuleri eka 20% wa mati ya thyaka ya misava hinkwayo.  Hi ku endla swihlawulekisi leswi nga heriki, vatirhisi va nga pfuneta ku hunguta khombo leri na ku seketela maendlelo ya vatirhi lama lulameke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sustainable Women’s Fashion Guide 2026 |url=https://glance.com/us/blogs/glanceai/fashion/sustainable-womens-fashion-guide |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=glance.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Matimu ya Cosatu</title>
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    <title>Vanghana</title>
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      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe papila hi vanghana.</comment>
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      <text bytes="2125" sha1="6g3ajj4cdvrbggoec4ec0d23lq9k44f" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Friends indian.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa vanghana.]]
'''Vanghana''' i vanhu lava u va tivaka kahle naswona u khathalaka ha vona, hakanyingi va avelana leswi u swi tsakelaka, mintokoto kumbe vuxaka lebyi fanaka.  Hi vona lava u hungasa na vona, u va byela xihundla, na ku seketela hi ku tirhisa thick and thin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-21 |title=Definition of FRIEND |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/friend |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
  Vanghana va nga va vutomi hinkwabyo kumbe va ta va tlhela va famba, kambe hi ntolovelo vuxaka byi akiwile eka ku tshembana, ku hleka na ku tsundzuka loku avelanakaka.

Ku va ni vanghana swi nga tisa [[ntsako]], nchavelelo ni ku titwa u ri wa nkoka.  Ku nga khathariseki leswaku i vanghana va vukati va le vuhlangini, vanghana va le ntirhweni kumbe vanghana va le ka Internet, [[vunghana]] byi engetela vuenti ni ku fuwa evuton’wini.  Vanghana va nga va bodo yo twakala ya miehleketo, makatla yo rila eka wona kumbe munhu wo avelana ku hleka na yena ntsena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Spacey |first=John |date=2024-01-12 |title=34 Roles Of Friendship |url=https://simplicable.com/society/role-of-friendship |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=Simplicable}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Vunghana byi nga va super diverse na byona - u nga ha va na vanghana lava humaka eka [[Ndzhavuko|mindhavuko]] yo hambana, malembe, kumbe ku tsakela, naswona sweswo i xiphemu xa leswi endlaka leswaku va fuwisa swinene.  Vunghana byin’wana byi akiwile eka swiendlakalo leswi avelanakaka, kasi byin’wana byi dzime timitsu eka ku lwisana loku avelaniwa kumbe ku navela loku fanaka. I yini lexi endlaka munghana lonene?  Swilo swo fana na ku twela vusiwana, ku tshembeka, na ku kota ku va wena n'wini swi tala ku va xilotlelo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Clendenin |first=Ron |date=2023-06-25 |title=11 Types of Friendships That Enrich Our Lives |url=https://liveboldandbloom.com/06/relationships/types-of-friendships |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=Live Bold and Bloom |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
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Rimpfani i ntlawa wo hlawuleka swinene wa minkolombyana ya Misava ya Khale leyi nga na tinxaka ta 200 leti hlamuseriweke hi khotavuxika  2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Glaw 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=167–246}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swirho swa ndyangu lowu swi tiveka ngopfu hi mavala ya swona yo hambana-hambana, swi kota ku cinca mavala. Nhlayo leyikulu ya tinxaka eka ndyangu yi kombisa ku hambana lokukulu eka vuswikoti bya yona byo cinca muhlovo. Eka van'wana, i ku cinca ka ku vangama (mavala ya buraweni); van'wana ku nga voniwa mavala yo tala.

Timpfani ti tlhela ti tiviwa hi milenge ya tona ya mintlawa, mincila ya tona leyi khomaka, mimiri ya tona leyi pfalekeke, swihuku swa tona swa nhloko, tindzimi ta tona leti tirhisiwaka ku khoma swiharhi, ku famba Ka tona, naswona eka tinxaka tin'wana ti ni timhondzo emombyeni ni le nhompfini ya tona. Mahlo ya timpfani ya famba hi yoxe, naswona hikwalaho ka leswi byongo bya rimpfani byi tshama byi ri karhi byi kambisisa swifaniso swimbirhi leswi hambaneke swa mbango wa tona. Loko yi hlota swiharhi, mahlo ya yona ma languta emahlweni hi ku tirhisana, ku endla leswaku yi kota ku vona swilo hi ndlela leyi baseke.

Timpfani ti hanya ninhlikanhi naswona ti kota ku hlota swiharhi leswi nga riki na marhambu, ngopfu-ngopfu switsotswana, hambi leswi tinxaka letikulu ti nga phasaka swiharhi leswitsongo leswi nga ni marhambu. Timpfani ti tala ku kumeka emurhini, kambe ku na tinxaka to tala leti tshamaka ehansi. Tinxaka ta mirhi ti tirhisa mincila ya tona leyi khomaka tanihi nsoma loko ti ri karhi ti famba kumbe ti wisa emirhini kumbe eka swihlahla; hikwalaho ka leswi, mincila ya vona yi tala ku vuriwa &quot;mandla ya vuntlhanu&quot;. Swi ya hi tinxaka, swi sukela eka makhwati ya mpfula ku ya eka swiyimo swa kwandzasi na ku suka eka tindhawu ta le hansi ku ya eka tintshava, laha vunyingi bya swona swi kumekaka eAfrika (kwalomu ka hafu ya tinxaka ti kumeka e[[Madagascar]]), kambe ku na muxaka wun'we edzongeni wa Yuropa, na swin'wana edzongeni ka Asia ku ya fika evuxeni bya [[Indiya|India]] na Sri Lanka.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hlaneki</title>
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    <id>7654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40296</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-25T15:15:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CeeyahD</username>
        <id>12470</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxile papila ra Hlaneki</comment>
      <origin>40296</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1929" sha1="buo4kpi59bimrk5ooanrif3ocwyrm3o" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Local School in Giyani!.jpg|thumb|Lexi i xifaniso lexi kombaka evuhosini bya ka Hlaneki]]


'''Hlaneki''' i xitikwana xa le makaya lexi kumekaka eka Greater Giyani Local Municipality endzeni ka Mopani District Municipality eLimpopo, Afrika Dzonga. Xi kumeka en’walungu-vupela-dyambu bya doroba ra [[Giyani]] naswona xi vumba xiphemu xa miganga ya le makaya leyi lawuriwaka hi masipala lowu. Ku ya hi vuxokoxoko bya mfumo wa miganga ya Afrika Dzonga, Greater Giyani i masipala wa ndhawu lowu welaka ehansi ka Mopani District naswona wu lawula miganga yo tala ya le makaya endhawini leyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Greater Giyani Local Municipality |date=2024-11-08 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_Giyani_Local_Municipality&amp;oldid=1256098266 |access-date=2026-02-25 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndhawu leyi yi kumeka eka xifundzankulu xa Limpopo lexi tivekaka hi moya wo hisa ni mpfula ya ximumu. Vaaki va ndhawu leyi ngopfu i Vatsonga lava vulavulaka Xitsonga tanihi ririmi ra le kaya, leswi kombisiwaka hi tinhlayo ta rixaka leti humesiweke hi Statistics South Africa. Hlaneki, tanihi xitikwana xa le ndzeni ka Greater Giyani, xi wela eka tinhlayo leti hlengeletiweke hi masipala hinkwawo.

Vukorhokeri bya vaaki byi katsa dyondzo ya masungulo ni vukorhokeri bya rihanyo lebyi kumekaka eka miganga ya le kusuhi ni le [[Giyani]]. Tifomo ta vurhangeri bya ndhavuko ti tlhela ti tirha eka ndhawu leyi, hi ku landza ku amukeriwa ka tona hi Vumbiwa ra Afrika Dzonga ni milawu leyi fambelanaka ni vurhangeri bya ndhavuko. Leswi swi kombisa maendlelo ya ku tirhisana exikarhi ka mfumo wa masipala ni vurhangeri bya ndhavuko eka mafambiselo ya miganga ya le makaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hlaneki Primary School – Strong and True |url=https://www.hlanekiprimary.co.za/index.html |access-date=2026-02-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==

&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Ntivo-mbangu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndleve</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-25T15:43:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CeeyahD</username>
        <id>12470</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>NZI TUMBULUXILE TLUKA RA NDLEVE</comment>
      <origin>40306</origin>
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      <text bytes="2262" sha1="pf6d4dvf2xycdwib4sgio2w0m6w9te7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Closeup of a human ear.jpg|thumb|Lexi i xifaniso lexi kombaka ndleve ya munhu]]
'''Ndleve''' i xirho xa miri xa nkoka lexi tirhisiwaka ku twa mpfumawulo (swirilo) naswona xi tlhela xi pfuna eka ku hlayisa ku ringanisela ka miri. Eka vanhu ni swiharhi swo tala, ndleve yi amukela mpfumawulo ku suka ehandle kutani yi wu hundzisela endzeni laha wu hundzuriwaka wu va swikombiso leswi twiwaka hi byongo. Ndleve yi tlhela yi pfuna munhu ku tiva laha mpfumawulo wu humaka kona ni ku lemuka ku cinca ka mpfumawulo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-25 |title=Importance of Ear Care {{!}} Strauss Audiology |url=https://straussaudiology.co.za/importance-of-ear-care/ |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=straussaudiology.co.za |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndleve yi avanyisiwile hi swiyenge swinharhu: ndleve ya le handle, ndleve ya le xikarhi, ni ndleve ya le ndzeni. Ndleve ya le handle yi katsa xiphemu lexi vonakaka (pinna) ni xirho xa ndleve lexi yisaka mpfumawulo eka ndleve ya le xikarhi. Endzeni ka ndleve ya le xikarhi ku na swirho leswitsongo swa marhambu leswi vuriwaka ossicles leswi pfunaka ku kurisa mpfumawulo. Ndleve ya le ndzeni yona yi katsa cochlea, leyi hundzuluxaka mpfumawulo wu va swikombiso swa mitsembyani leswi yaka ebyongweni, ni semicircular canals leswi pfunaka eka ku ringanisela ka miri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear |url=https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-ear-90-P02025 |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=www.stanfordchildrens.org |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku hlayisa ndleve swi ni nkoka leswaku munhu a kota ku twa kahle. Ku basisa ndleve hi ndlela leyinene, ku papalata ku nghenisa swilo leswi nga lulamangiki endzeni ka yona, ni ku papalata mpfumawulo lowukulu ngopfu swi pfuna ku sivela ku onhaka ka ndleve. Loko ku va na ku twa ku biha, ku vava kumbe ku huma ka mati endleveni, swa antswa ku vona mutirhi wa swa rihanyo leswaku a ta pfuna hi ku hatlisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title=How to Ensure Healthy Ears and Hearing |url=https://aspenvalleyhealth.org/healthy-journey/how-to-ensure-healthy-ears-and-hearing/ |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=Aspen Valley Health |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==

&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swirho]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xikatsi</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339689765|Cat]]&quot;</comment>
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'''xikatsi''', lexi nakambe xi vitaniwaka xikatsi xa le kaya na xikatsi xa le ndlwini, i xiharhi lexintsongo lexi dyaka nyama.  xi lava swakudya swa nyama. minwala ya xona leyi nga tshukatshukaka yi tolovele ku dlaya swiharhi leswitsongo swo fana na Makondlo . Yi ni miri lowu tiyeke, lowu olovaka, lowu hatlisaka ku angula, ni meno yo tontswa, naswona ku vona ka yona nivusiku ni ku nun'hwetela swi hluvukisiwile kahle. I muxaka lowu nga ni xinghana, kambe i muhloti loyi a tshamaka a ri yexe naswona i muhloti wa madyambu. Ku vulavurisana ka swikatsi ku katsa ku rila, mpfumawulo, ku huwelela, ku bhonga, ku honya ni ku vulavula hi miri. Yi kota ku twa mimpfumawulo leyi nga nyawuriki kumbe leyi nga ni mpfumawulo wa le henhla swinene eka tindleve ta vanhu, ku fana ni leti endliwaka hi swiharhi leswitsongo. Yi humesa ni ku twa ti-pheromone. Vutlhari bya xikatsi byi vonaka eka vuswikoti bya xona byo titwananisa, ku dyondza hi ku xiyisisa, na ku tlhantlha swiphiqo. swikatsi swa xisati swa le kaya swi nga va na swikatsana ku sukela hi ximun'wana ku fikela eku heleni ka xixikana eka [[Ku kufumela|Tindhawu leti titimelaka]] ni le tindhawini ta equatorial lembe hinkwaro, laha vukulu bya swikatsi byi talaka ku sukela eka swimbirhi ku ya eka ntlhanu.

xikatsi xa le kaya hi xona ntsena lexi fuyiwaka eka ndyangu wa Felidae. Nhluvuko eka vuyimburi na xitekela wu kombise leswaku Ku fuyiwa ka xikatsi ku sungule e Near East kwalomu ka 7500 BCE. Namuntlha, xikatsi xa le kaya xi kumeka emisaveni hinkwayo naswona xi tekiwa xi ri xa nkoka hi vanhu hikwalaho ka vunghana bya xona ni vuswikoti bya xona byo dlaya switsongwatsongwana. Hi xitalo xi hlayisiwa tanihi xikatsi, xikatsi lexi tirhaka, na xikatsi lexi nga ni rixaka leri kombisiwaka eka swiendlakalo swo saseka swa xikatsi. Eka swikatsi swa le kaya swa kwalomu ka 600 wa timiliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo, 400 wa timiliyoni swi tshama e[[Axiya|Asia]], ku katsa na 58 wa timiliyoni e[[Chayina]]. Tiko ra [[Amerikha|United States]] ri le mahlweni hi nhlayo wa swikatsi hi  kwalomu ka73.8 wa timiliyoni, ri landzeriwa hi tiko ra [[United Kingdom]] hi kwalomu ka 10.9 wa timiliyoni ta swikatsi.  xi tlhela xi famba hi ku ntshunxeka ku fana ni xikatsi xa nhova, xi papalata ku ti hlanganisa ni vanhu. Ku cukumetiwa ka xifuwo swi hoxa xandla eka ku engeteleka ka nhlayo ya swikatsi swa misava hinkwayo, leswi vangeke ku hunguteka ka tinxaka ta xinyenyana, swiharhi na swikokovi. Ku lawuriwa ka nhlayo ya vaaka-tiko ku katsa ku tsema ni ku tsema nhundzu.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; </text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nkwama</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>40323</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-25T16:49:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CeeyahD</username>
        <id>12470</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxile papila ra minkwama</comment>
      <origin>40323</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2097" sha1="rrk9u6xii1pdfl0lpx5pksofvsg1r3c" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bolsas-de-asa-plana-interior-bolsapubli.jpg|thumb|Swikhwama swa maphepha leswi nga ni swikhomo]]
'''Nkwama''', lowu tlhelaka wu tiviwa hi xifundzha tanihi '''saka''', i xitirhisiwa lexi tolovelekeke hi xivumbeko xa khontheni xa floppy, hi ntolovelo xi endliwa hi lapi, dzovo, nsengele, phepha kumbe pulasitiki. Ku tirhisiwa ka minkwama ku ve kona emahlweni ka matimu lama rhekhodiweke, laha minkwama yo sungula a ku ri ku leha ka dzovo ra swiharhi, khotoni, kumbe tifibre ta swimilana leti lukiweke, leti hlanganisiweke emakumu ivi ti tiyisiwa hi xivumbeko xexo hi tintambhu ta nchumu lowu fanaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Carried away: all about bags |date=2005 |publisher=Vendome Press |isbn=978-0-86565-158-6 |location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Minkwama yi nga tirhisiwa ku rhwala swilo swo fana ni swilo swa munhu hi xiyexe, swilo swo xava, switirho ni swin’wana. Tiva na swivumbeko swohambanahambana na vukulu, hakanyingi ti hlomisiwile hi swikhomo kumbe furu leswaku swi olova ku khoma.

Minkwama yi ve ya nkoka eku antswiseni ka nhluvuko wa vanhu, tanihi leswi yi pfumelelaka vanhu ku hlengeleta ni ku rhwala swilo leswi khomekaka hi ku olova, swo tanihi mihandzu kumbe tindzoho ta swakudya, kasi yi tlhela yi va pfumelela ku rhwala swilo swo tala emavokweni ya vona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Carried away: all about bags |date=2005 |publisher=Vendome Press |isbn=978-0-86565-158-6 |location=New York, NY}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Rito ra Xinghezi kumbexana ri huma eka rito ra Xinorse ''baggi'',  ku suka eka bʰak ya Xiproto-Indo-European leri hlanganisiweke nakambe, kambe ri tlhela ri ringanisiwa na Welsh baich (ndzhwalo, xirhundzu), na Xigriki Τσιαντουλίτσα ( ''Chandulícha'', ndzhwalo).

Swikhwama swa maphepha leswi lahliwaka swo xaveka na swikhwama swa plastiki swo xava swi tolovelekile swinene, swihambana hi vukulu na ku tiya eka bindzu ra vuxavisi tani hi ku olova eka vaxavi, naswona switala ku phakeriwa hi vhengele mahala kumbe hi mali yitsongo. Vaxavi va nga ha tlhela va teka nkwama wa vona wo xava leswaku va wu tirhisa eswitolo.

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mhisi</title>
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        <username>Yonghayo1</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339966228|Hyena]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Aardwolf_Skeleton.jpg|thumb|Mhisi, xirho lexitsongo swinene xa ndyangu wa timhisi, marhambu ( Museum of Osteology ) .]]
timhisi i ndyangu wa vuntlhanu lowutsongo eka ntlawa wa Carnivora naswona hi wun'wana wa mindyangu leyitsongo swinene eka ntlawa wa ti Mammalia.&lt;ref name=&quot;MoW1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=50–658}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku nga khathariseki ku hambana ka swona loku nga nyawuriki, timhisi i swiaki swo hlawuleka naswona swa nkoka eka mafambiselo yo tala ya ikholoji ya le Afrika.

Hambi leswi phylogenetically yi nga ekusuhi na felines na viverrids, ti mhisi ti fana na canids hi matikhomelo Hi xivumbeko eka swiaki swo hlaya hikwalaho ka ku hlangana ka hundzuluko: ti hyena na ti mbyana a ti tshami, i vahloti lava nga riki va mirhi, lava khomaka swiharhi hi meno ya tona ematshan'wini ya minwala. havumbirhi bya swona swi dya swakudya hi ku hatlisa naswona va nga swi hlayisa, naswona milenge ya swona leyi nga ni minwala leyikulu, leyi nga tiyangiki, yi lulamele ku tsutsuma ni ku jika-jika hi rivilo lerikulu. Hambi swi ri tano, ku basisa ka timfenhe, ku fungha, maendlelo ya ku hlanta, ku hlangana, na mahanyelo ya vatswari swi fambisana na mahanyelo ya timfenhe tin'wana.

Timhisi ti humelela swinene eka mintsheketo ni mintsheketo ya mindhavuko ya vanhu leyi hanyaka etlhelo ka tona. Hi ntolovelo timhisi ti langutiwa tanihi leti chavisaka naswona ti faneleka  hiku delela. Eka mindhavuko yin’wana, ku ehleketiwa leswaku timhisi ti kucetela mimoya ya vanhu, ti phanga masirha ni ku yiva swifuwo ni vana.  Mindhavuko yin’wana yi va hlanganisa ni vuloyi, va tirhisa swirho swa miri wa tona eka vutshunguri bya ndhavuko .</text>
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      <comment>Requesting deletion</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhuntla</title>
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      <id>40633</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-27T00:38:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>40</id>
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      <comment>remove redundant title</comment>
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      <text bytes="971" sha1="4igrpf1wjawgonsmhsru95e6xpfgt0l" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Swiharhi]]
[[File:Girrafe yiu.jpg|thumb|nhuntla]]
'''Nhuntla''' I xiharhi lexi kumekaka enhoveni. I xiharhi lexi nga hambana na swin'wana swihari. Nhuntla I xiharhi xo leha swinene eka swiharhi hinkwaswo emisaveni, nhamu ya yona yi lehe hi ndlela yo hlamarisa swinene, hi yona yi endlaku leswaku xiharhi lexi xi leha swinene. ku leha Ka nhamu ya nhuntla swi endla leswaku ma fambiselo ya ngati ya va niku rharhanganeka emirhini.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_giraffe.html&lt;/ref&gt;

Hikwalaho Ka nhumu ya yona yo leha swinene, nhuntla yi kota ku dya matluka ya misinya lawa ya nga fikeleriwiki hi swiharhi leswi n'wana leswi dyaka byanyi. Ririmi ra yona ro leha ri tirha ku koka marhavi na matluka kuya enon'weni. Tinhuntla I swiharhi leswi hanyisanaka, leswi kumekaka hi mintlhambhi nkarhi na nkarhi. Hambiswiritano a ku na ku hlangana Ka mintlawa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_giraffe.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <title>Xikhigelo</title>
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      <comment>translated pillow page</comment>
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[[File:Pillows_on_a_hotel_bed.jpg|thumb|Xikhigelo ehenhla ka mubedo.]]
'''Xikhigelo''' i nseketelo wa miri loko wu wisa leswaku wu chaveleleka, wu tshunguleka, kumbe xi khavisa. Mibedo yi tirhisiwa hi ku hambanahambana hi tinxaka to tala, ku katsa ni [[vanhu]]. Tinxaka tin’wana ta swikhigelo ti katsa swikhigelo swo lahlela, swikhigelo swa miri,swikhigelo swo khavisa ni swin’wana swo tala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hediger |first=H |date=3 December 2016 |title=Sleep: Comparative Observations on Sleep [ Abridged ] |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/003591576906200213 |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine |language=en |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=153–156 |doi=10.1177/003591576906200213 |issn=0035-9157}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Swikhigelo leswi pfunetaka ku etlela i xivumbeko xa swifunengelo leswi seketelaka nhloko na nhamu. Tinxaka tin’wana ta swikhigelo ti endleriwe ku seketela miri loko u etlela ehansi kumbe u tshamile. Nakambe ku ni swikhigelo leswi tekelaka enhlokweni xivumbeko xa miri wa munhu leswaku wu ta va ni nchavelelo lowu engetelekeke hi nkarhi wa vurhongo. Swikhigelo swo khavisa leswi tirhisiwaka eka mibedo, masofa kumbe switulu minkarhi yin’wana yi vuriwa ti cushion .  

Eka nkarhi wunwe ndhavuko wa le vupela dyambu,swikhigelo swivumbiwa hi mvhilopho ya lapi ro vonaka  kumbe leri nga na xivumbeko (leyi tivekaka tani hi pillowcase) leyingana kutatiwa ka swilo swo olova, hi ntolovelo xa synthetic naswona hi ntolovelo yi ringaniseriwile hi vukulu na xivumbeko.  Swikhigelo hi matimu yi endliwe hi switirhisiwa swo hambanahambana swa ntumbuluko naswona mindhavuko yo tala yi ya emahlweni yi tirhisa swikhigelo leswi endliweke hi swilo swa ntumbuluko emisaveni.

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Blaq Diamond</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7663</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40334</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-25T18:27:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Blaq centia</username>
        <id>12476</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340151816|Blaq Diamond]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>40334</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1129" sha1="6cajhdjwo6cw2kgromx6be2khwp981f" xml:space="preserve">Blaq Diamond i vayimbeleri lava tivekaka tani hi BlaQ Diamondi i ntlawa wa vuyimbeleri bya pop wa Afrika Dzonga lowu humaka eLadysmith KwaZulu-Natal. Va hlangane hi lembe ra magidi mbirhi na khume eka riendzo ra xikolo laha ha vumbirhi bya vona va hlanganyeleke eka khodi ya vuyimbeleri eka bazi ya xikolo. Va sayine na rhavi ro rhekhoda ra &quot;Ambitiouz Entertainment&quot; va humesa alubamu ya vona yo sungula ''Inqola'' hi lembe ra magidi mbirhi na khume kombo leyi veke nomboro ya vona yo hetelela eka ti  iTunes.

Hi lembe ra magidi mbirhi na khume, va hlangane loko va ri eriendzweni ra xikolo laha va hlanganyeleke eka vuyimbeleri byo karhi bya manguva lawa ebazini ra xikolo kutani va sungula ku heta nkarhi wo tala va ri swin'we, va hlanganyela eka mintirho ya xikolo leyi va endleke va tiviwa hi vaaki na hi tindhawu leti va rhendzeleke. Havumbirhi bya vona va kunguhate ku rhurhela eGoli exilungwini leswaku va ya lava vuyimbeleri byo antswa, leswi eku sunguleni a swi tika hikuva a va nga tivi munhu va sindzise ku kuma mintirho leswaku va kuma mali leyi a yi tirhiseriwa ku hlayisa ku navela ka vona ka vuyimbeleri bya vona.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7664</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40549</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-26T12:56:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nadia Jay</username>
        <id>12491</id>
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      <comment>new page</comment>
      <origin>40549</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1927" sha1="0d1kc0fv1jtspolf1wyfeuibiolrjsc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jealous_Jolts_(1916)_-_1.jpg|thumb|Mona]]
MONA

'''Mona''' i [[mbilu yo biha]] leyi endlaka munhu a nga tsaki loko a vona van’wana va humelela. Munhu loyi a khomiweke hi mona a nga ha tsaka hi leswi a nga na swona, hikuva a tshama a navela leswi van’wana va nga na swona. Leswi swi nga endla leswaku a tshama a ri ni ku navela ku vona van’wana va tsandzeka, naswona swi nga onha vuxaka bya kahle exikarhi ka vanhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mnyaka J|first=J|title=Ku twisisa Mona ni Vutlhari bya Vuxaka|date=2015|publisher=Van Schaik Publishers.|year=2015|location=Johannesburg|language=English|trans-title=Ku twisisa Mona ni Vutlhari bya Vuxaka}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Loko mona wu nghena exikarhi ka [[vanghana]], wu nga endla leswaku ku va ni ku avana ni ku pfumala ku tshembhana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baloyi|first=T|title=Mona ni Vutomi bya Vanhu: Ndlela yo lwisana na wona.|date=2018|publisher=UNISA Press.|year=2018|location=Pretoria|language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt; Munhu loyi a khomiweke hi mona a nga ha sungula ku vulavula swilo swo biha hi munghana wakwe, kumbe a nga ha tsaki loko munghana a humelela. Leswi swi nga endla leswaku vuxaka bya kahle byi onhaka hi ku hatlisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hlongwane|first=R|title=Vutlhari bya Mbilu: Ku hlula Mona hi rirhandzu|date=2020|publisher=: Juta Academic.|year=2020|location=Cape Town|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku [[lwisana]] na mona swi lava ku dyondza ku khensa vutomi bya wena ni ku tsakela leswi u nga na swona. Loko u [[rhandza]] ku vona van’wana va humelela, u tlhela u tsaka hi leswi u nga na swona, u ta kota ku hlula mona. Munhu loyi a nga khomaka vutomi hi ku rhandza ni ku tsaka, a nga tshama a ri ni ku rhula ni ku tshembhana ni van’wana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Nkuna|first=S|title=Mona ni Vukati: Ku aka ku tshembhana exikarhi ka vanhu|date=2022|publisher=University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.|location=Durban:}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Mbyana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7665</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40550</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-26T12:56:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xikombiso1</username>
        <id>11662</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I created page called Dog</comment>
      <origin>40550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2629" sha1="kexz3hvxlau2rsojs2ln16sbz72qkvx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:20110425_German_Shepherd_Dog_8505.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Mbyana]]
'''Mbyana''' (mbyana ya le kaya)i xiharhi Lexi fuyiwaka naswona xi sukula eka mhisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Perri|first=Angela R.|last2=Feuerborn|first2=Tatiana R.|last3=Frantz|first3=Laurent A. F.|last4=Larson|first4=Greger|last5=Malhi|first5=Ripan S.|last6=Meltzer|first6=David J.|last7=Witt|first7=Kelsey E.|date=2021-02-09|title=Dog domestication and the dual dispersal of people and dogs into the Americas|url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2010083118|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=118|issue=6|pages=e2010083118|doi=10.1073/pnas.2010083118|pmc=8017920|pmid=33495362}}&lt;/ref&gt; Timbyana na timhisi ta vocals wa nkuma va avelana kokwa wa vona un’we. Timbyana ixiharhi no sungula ku duties eka 14,000 wa malembe lawa yanga hundza. Hikwalaho ka ku tihlanganisa ka tona nkarhi wo leha ni vanhu, timbyana ti kume vuswikoti byo dya swakudya leswi swekiweke leswi swiharhi swin’wana switsandzekaka ku swidya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kayser|first=Emanuela|last2=Finet|first2=Shannon E|last3=de Godoy|first3=Maria R C|date=2024-06-20|title=The role of carbohydrates in canine and feline nutrition|url=https://academic.oup.com/af/article/14/3/28/7696637|journal=Animal Frontiers|language=en|volume=14|issue=3|pages=28–37|doi=10.1093/af/vfae017|issn=2160-6056|pmc=11188962|pmid=38910951}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Timbyana ti fuwisiwile hi ku landza mahanyelo lama laviwaka, vuswikoti byo twa ni timfanelo ta miri. Tinxaka ta timbyana ti hambana swinene hi xivumbeko, vukulu na muhlovo. Loko yi pimanisiwa na vanhu, timbyana ti ni vuswikoti byo nun'hwetela ni ku twa, kambe ti ni vuswikoti bya ku vona bya le hansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Thiele|first=Kevin|date=2019-04-19|title=The trouble with dingoes|url=https://www.taxonomyaustralia.org.au/post/the-trouble-with-dingoes|access-date=2026-02-26|website=Taxonomy Australia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Timbyana ti endla mintirho yo tala eka vanhu, yo tanihi ku hlota, ku risa, ku koka mindzhwalo, nsirhelelo, ku va ni vunghana, ku tshungula, ku pfuna vanhu lava lamaleke, na ku pfuna [[maphorisa]] na vusocha.[4]

Nhlayo ya timbyana ta misava hinkwayo yi ringanyetiwa ku va 700 miliyoni ku ya eka 1 tibiliyoni, leti hangalasiweke emisaveni hinkwayo . Mbyana  i xifuwo xale kaya lexi dumeke swinene e [[Amerikha]], lexi kumekaka eka 34–40% wa mindyangu.[5] Matiko lawa ya hluvukeke ya endla kwalomu ka 20% wa nhlayo ya timbyana ta misava hinkwayo, kasi kwalomu ka 75% wa timbyana ti ringanyetiwa kuva ti huma ematikweni lawa ya hluvukaka. [6]

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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  <page>
    <title>Mbangu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7666</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40551</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-26T12:58:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Huli1</username>
        <id>12501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I created a page</comment>
      <origin>40551</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2187" sha1="to3wa3ktpdlyf67rmyzwlpk7aqoe5lc" xml:space="preserve">Mbangu

== Mbangu eka vutomi bya vatsonga ==
'''Mbangu''' I mavabyi lama khumbaka ngopfu vana lavatsongo,ngopfu ngopfu lava nga ha velekiwaka kumbe lava ha kuleleka ehansi ka malembe ya ntlhanu. eka ndhavuko wa vatsonga, mbangu wu tiviwa tanihi vuvabyi lebyi endlaka leswaku miri wa nw'ana wu tsana, a nga kuli kahle naswona minkarhi yin'wana a vaviseka ngopfu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tsonga {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://sahistory.org.za/article/tsonga|access-date=2026-02-26|website=sahistory.org.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Morning_sickness_svg_hariadhi.svg|thumb]]
Leswi hlamuselaka mbangu

Hi ku ya hi swa vutshunguri bya manguva lawa, mbangu wu nga fananisiwa ni mavabyi ya ku pfumaleka swakudya leswi nga na nkoka emirini, ngopfu ngopfu swakudya leswi nga ni vitamin D, calcium, na phosphorus. ku pfumaleka ka swakudya leswi swi endla leswaku marhambu ya n'wana ma nga tiyi kahle. swivangelo swa mbangu swi katsa ni ku pfumaleka swakudya leswi ringaneke, vusweti lebyi endlaka leswaku vatswari va nga koti ku kuma swakudya leswi faneleke na ku nga nyikiwi n'wana dyambu nkarhi lowu ringaneke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tsonga {{!}} Indigenous Peoples Repository|url=https://www.globalfirstnations.com/peoples/tsonga-southern-africa.html|access-date=2026-02-26|website=www.globalfirstnations.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

eka ndhavuko wa vatsonga, ku ni lava va tshembaka leswaku mbangu wu nga bangiwa hi swilo swa moya kumbe ku tlula milawu ya ndhavuko.hambiswiritano,swa nkoka ku twisisa leswaku vutshunguri bya manguva lawa byi kombisa leswaku ngopfu ngopfu mbangu wu bangiwa hi ku pfumaleka swakudya leswi faneleke emirini.mbangu i vuvabyi lebyi nga siveriwaka na swona byinga tshunguriwa loko byi lemukiwa hi nkarhi. vatswari na vaaki hinkwavo va fanele ku tirhisana ku tiyisisa leswaku vana va kuma swakudya leswi ringaneke na rihanyo lerinene.3.()

https://sahistory.org.za/article/tsonga

https://www.globalfirstnations.com/peoples/tsonga-southern-africa.html

== swihlovo ==
Draft page 1&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tsonga {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://sahistory.org.za/article/tsonga|access-date=2026-02-26|website=sahistory.org.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Siku ra 1 Mudyaxihi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7667</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40552</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-26T12:58:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maraduzi02</username>
        <id>11486</id>
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      <comment>Draft 2 of Siku ra 1 Mudyaxihi</comment>
      <origin>40552</origin>
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      <text bytes="1349" sha1="653ly5geb3o5j04cte381kg8qwwypqh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Wien_-_SPÖ-Maiaufmarsch_(a).JPG|thumb|Wien - SPÖ-Maiaufmarsch (a)]]
'''Siku ra 1 Mudyaxihi (Meyi) eAfrika Dzonga''' 

Siku ra 1 Mudyaxihi eAfrika Dzonga i [[siku ra vatirhi]] laha va wisaku kona eka mitirho.[1&lt;ref&gt;South African History Online. (2012, April 25). The History of May Day in South Africa. South African History Online. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/history-may-day-south-africa&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;] I siku leri ri amukeriwaka hi matiko ya misava manyingi laha vatirhi va wisaku no hoyozela siku leri.[2]&lt;ref&gt;South African History Online. (2011, March 16). International celebration of ‘May Day’. South African History Online. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/international-celebration-may-day&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Laha Afrika Dzonga vatirhi va ri lwele ngopfu ku va ri amukeriwa tanihi siku ra ku wisa ra vatirhi hikuva mfumo wa nkarhi wa xihlawuhlawu a wu nga ri amukeli siku leri ra vatirhi.[3]&lt;ref&gt;https://news.uj.ac.za/news/freedom-day-and-may-day-living-celebrations-for-the-past-present-and-future-generations-2/&lt;/ref&gt;
Kutani sweswi, siku leri ra [[1 Mudyaxihi]] ri hoyozeriwa lembe rin'wana na rin'wana laha eAfrika Dzonga ku fana na matiko man'wana manyingi.

==Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke (tirheferense)==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Xihlawuhlawu]]
[[Category:Matiko ya misava]]
[[Category:Afrika Dzonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xihaha-mpfhuka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40553</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-26T12:58:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Onyinye Bila</username>
        <id>12498</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I just created a page</comment>
      <origin>40553</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2454" sha1="33c2oc09baymccmhu66rwca61u896gg" xml:space="preserve">'''Xihaha-mpfhuka''' i xifambo lexi xi nga vumbeka tani hi xinyenyena lexi xi fambaka ehenhla, xi na tipapa leti ti pfunaka leswaku xi kota ku va na matimba yo tlakuka ku suka ehansi kuya fika ehenhla. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Netshilata|first=Tlakula|title=Ha kula stage 2 big book.|year=2009|location=Oxford University Press|language=Xitsonga}}&lt;/ref&gt;Xihaha-mpfuka i chumu wo hlawuleka swinene eka ndyangu wa swifambo hikuva xi famba e moyeni, xina swivhilwana switsongo xona xiri lexi nkulu-kumba,xi tlhela xi va ni mi [[mpimanyiso]] yo hambana-hambana hikuya hi vukulu ni vutsongo bya xona. Hina swihaha-mphuka swo hlaya kunga leswitsongo, swale xikarhi na leswinkulu ka hikwaswo, swihaha-mphuka leswitsongo swina mpimo wo ringana timitara ta nhungu ku fika ka khume mbirhi(8-12), leswa le xikrhi swi na [[mpimo]] wo suka ka makume nharhu ku fika ka makume mune tlhanu(30-45) kutani leswinkulu swina mpimo wo suka ka makume tsevu ku fika ka makume nhungu(60-80).
[[File:Air-to-air_photo_of_a_Sukhoi_Superjet_100_(97004)_over_Italy.jpg|center|thumb|Xihaha-mpfhuka]]
Xihaha-mpfhuka xitlhela xi va muxaka wa xofamba lowo khandziyisaka [[vanhu]] va ku hlaya swinene laha swi ya ka hiku i xihaha-mfhuka xa muhlovo muni, loko kuri xihaha-mfhuka lexitsongo xi kota ku rhwala vanhu va mbirhi ku fika ka tsevu(2-6), xale xikarhi xi rhwala vanhu vo suka ka dzana na makume mbirhi le xi xo hetelela lexi nkulu ka hikwaswo xi rhwala vanhu vo ringana madzana mbirhi na makume tlhanu ku fika eka madzana nharhu makume tlhano wa vanhu (250-350).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mabonga,|title=ntroduction to Aviation.Author House.|year=2015|language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xihaha-mfhuka i xifambo lexi xi xitlhelaka xi va ni va chayeri va mbirhi lava va tshamaka emahlweni va chayela vanga voni leswi swihumelelaka eka ndhwawu ya vakhandziyi. Eka xifambo lexi hi tlhela hi kuma leswaku ehandle ka vakhandziyi kuna vanhu lava tirhaka ku hlayisa [[vakhandziyi]] lava endlaka leswaku milawu hikwayu yale ndzeni ka xihaha-mpfhuka yi landzeleliwa. Vanhu lava va vitaniwa vatirhi vale ndzeni ka xihaha-mpfhuka naswona vava va hlayile swinene, va pfuna hiku hlayela vakhandziyi milawu yo karhi no pfuna ku ngava hiku vaka swilo swa vakhandziyi kahle.Hikwaswo leswiwani swihi komba no tshembisa leswaku xihaha-mpfhuka i xifambo lexinga hlawuleka swinene exikarhi ka swifambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Via Africa|date=2012|language=Xitsonga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiwaka. ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tihosi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7669</id>
    <revision>
      <id>40554</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-26T13:00:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BennyPres</username>
        <id>12499</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>citatiion</comment>
      <origin>40554</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2108" sha1="6r11tplh74fdwkk83mgmsmbsmlh21hp" xml:space="preserve">Tihosi ta xisati eka rixaka ra matsonga
[[File:Official_guide_of_the_Special_Province_of_Aceh,_M_1998_A_3443.pdf|thumb|Tihosi ta xisati]]
'''Tihos'''i ta xisati eka [[rixaka ra matsonga]] akuri na hosi yinwe leyi vitaniwaka leswaku i LwandlaDr Tinyiko muni Phyilia Nwamintwa, leyi yinga tlhela yi hundza emisaveni hi lembe ra magidi mbirhi na makume ntsevu eka nhweti ya nyenyenyani&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Phylia Nwamitwa II|date=2026-02-14|work=Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phylia_Nwamitwa_II&amp;oldid=1338256716|access-date=2026-02-26|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[User:BennyPres/|Draft 1]] Hosi leyi ayi vitaniwa leswaku hiyona hosi Nwamintwa u beburiwe etikweni raka Nwaminta hilembe ra 1940 hisiku ra makume nkombo eka nhweti ya Khotavuxik a.ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Falk|first=Michael|date=2023-10-06|title=wikkitidy: Tidy Analysis of Wikipedia|url=https://doi.org/10.32614/cran.package.wikkitidy|access-date=2026-02-26|website=CRAN: Contributed Packages}}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;[2] Leyi akuri yona hosi yanwa nsati eka rixaka ra vatsonga. Hosi Nwamintwa akuri nwasati loyi ati yimelaka, leswi hiswi vona hikuba nwasati wosungula ekaa rixaka ra matsonga. [3]

kuva hosi ya nwasati eka tinxaka leti nga kona [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]] switwala swiri xiyila lexi kulukumba swinene.  hikua eka minkarhi ya khale aku pfumeriwa kumbe ku tshembha leswaku: &quot; nwanuna hiyena nhloko ya munti&quot; leswi swi vula leswa nwasati anga pfumelelekanga ku rhangela kumbe kuva navu lawuri, sweswo swi hlamusela leswaku vavanuna hi vona vafenelaka kurhangela leswi akuri ku tshembha loko akuri kona eka vanhu vakhale. Andhaka mfumu lowu ngavuya wunghena wa xidemotiraki lowu wunga nika munhu wunwani na wunwani ntshuxeko wakuva kuri naku ringana exikarhi ka rimbewu ra xisati na ra xinuna. leswi switise ku ncicnca ekaku tshembha loku van
&lt;references group=&quot;i have added reference&quot; /&gt;
hu avari na kona hi swilo swotala.

ndhaku ka [[mfumo wa xihlahlawu]] swi pfurile vanhu vantima mahlo ya leswaku ku nwasat na wanuna vafanela ku khomiwa ku ringani tani hileswi na vavasati. Leswi swiye swiya pfula matihlo we</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vukorhokeri</title>
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      <comment>I created a page</comment>
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      <text bytes="3068" sha1="hi5crh65s5zlcc3m1z24l750i3ubtp2" xml:space="preserve">Vukorhokeri

'''Vukorhokeri''' i ntirho wo komba ku tirhisa, pfuna kumbe ku  humelela hi ntirho wa ntirho lowu endlaka leswaku swilo swi famba kahle. Hi ririmi ra Xitsonga, vukorhokeri i rito leri nga hlamuseriwa tanihi ntirho wa ku tirha hi ku pfuna van’wana kumbe ku nyika ntirho lowu lavekaka eka ntirho wo karhi. Leswi swi nga katsa ntirho wa ririmi (ku hundzuluxela, ku toloka), ntirho wa dyondzo, kumbe ntirho wa ntirho wa le kaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Moyo|first=Tendai|title=HSRC press|date=2019|publisher=Language Services in South Africa|location=Pretoria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Government_offices,_Goa,_India.jpg|thumb|i xifaniso xo kombisa vukorhokeri byale xibedlhele]]
Swikombiso swa ntirho wa vukorhokeri

• 	Vukorhokeri bya ririmi: ku hundzuluxela tidokhumente eka tindzimi to hambana leswaku vanhu hinkwavo va kota ku twisisa.

• 	Vukorhokeri bya dyondzo: ku pfuna vadyondzi hi switirhisiwa swa dyondzo, ku va nyika swiletelo ni ku va kongomisa.

• 	Vukorhokeri bya vaaki: ntirho wa mfumo wo pfuna vaaki hi ntirho wa nkoka tanihi vutshunguri, vukamberi, na vuhundzuluxeri bya tidokhumente.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Moyo|first=Tendai|title=HSRC press|date=2019|publisher=Language Services in South Africa|location=Pretoria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eka tidokhumente ta dyondzo ta [[Yunivhesiti|Yunivesiti]] ya Afrika Dzonga, vukorhokeri bya ririmi byi hlamuseriwa tanihi ntirho lowu fambelanaka ni xifonetiki, mipfumawulo na mofoloji ya ririmi, ku kombisa leswaku ntirho lowu wu pfuna ku twisisa ririmi hi ndlela ya sayense .

Eka ntirho wa vuhundzuluxeri, vukorhokeri byi hlamuseriwa tanihi ntirho wo pfuna hi ku hundzuluxela tidokhumente ta dyondzo, nawu, vucelamigodi na vutshunguri hi tindzimi ta ximfumo ta Afrika Dzonga, ku tiyisisa leswaku vanhu hinkwavo va kota ku kuma vutivi hi ririmi ra vona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=University of South Africa|first=(UNISA)|title=Linguistic and Language Practice Study Guide|date=2021|publisher=UNISA press|location=Pretoria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tihlamuselo tinwani ta vukorhokeri:

Swa rihanyu: Eka NHI ([[National Health Insurance]]) ku hlamuseriwa leswaku vaaki hinkwavo va ta kota ku fikelela vukorhokeri bya xiyimo xa le henhla bya swa rihanyu. Leswi swi kombisa leswaku vukorhokeri i ntirho wo pfuna hi vutshunguri ni swa rihanyu leswaku vanhu hinkwavo va kuma ntirho lowu fanaka .

• 	Swa dyondzo: Eka tidyondzo ta Yunisa (University of South Africa), ku vulavuriwa hi Xifonetiki, Mipfumawulo na Vukorhokeri bya Ririmi. Laha vukorhokeri bya ririmi byi komba ntirho wo pfuna hi ku twisisa ririmi hi ndlela ya sayense, ku katsa mofoloji ni ku avanyisa marito .

• 	Swa xibalo: Eka [[SARS]] ([[South African Revenue Service]]), ku vulavuriwa hi Chatara ya Vukorhokeri bya Xibalo. Laha vukorhokeri ri komba ntirho wo pfuna hi ku nyika ntirho wa xibalo, ku tiyisisa leswaku vaaki va twisisa timfanelo ta vona ni swiyimo swa ntirho wa mfumo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=National Department of Health|date=2019|title=National Health Insurance White Paper|work=Pretoria Government Printer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Ku pfuna ka thekinoloji etiyunivhesiti.</title>
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[[File:UTS_Library_Level_7_at_night_(28_October_2024)_9.jpg|thumb|387x387px|Layiburari ya Yunivhesiti]]
'''Ku pfuna ka thekinoloji etiyunivhesiti.'''  i ku tirhisa vutivi bya [[Sayense ya tikhompyuta|sayense]], switirhisiwa, michini, na tindlela ku lulamisa swiphiqo na ku olovisa vutomi bya vanhu. Yi katsa ku tumbuluxa na ku tirhisa switirhisiwa swa [[xidijitali]], michini, na tindlela leti antswisaka ndlela leyi vanhu va hanyaka, va tirhaka, va vulavulaka, na ku dyondza ha yona.Hi marito yo olova, thekinoloji i hinkwaswo leswi vanhu va swi tumbuluxaka kumbe ku swi tirhisa ku olovisa mitirho ya vona.

Thekinoloji yi hi pfuna ku kuma mahungu hi ku olova.Vadyondzi va kota ku kuma switirhisiwa swa dyondzo hi ku hatlisa hi ku tirhisa tidatabesi ta inthanete to fana na ''Google Scholar, JSTOR'', na ''ResearchGate''. Leswi swi endla leswaku ndzavisiso wu olova naswona wu hatlisa. Yi tlhela yi hi pfuna lu dyondza hi ndlela yo tsinya (''Online &amp; Blended Learning''). Tiplatifomo to fana na ''Moodle'' na Blackboard ti pfumelela vadyondzi ku nghena etidyondzweni ta inthanete, ku yisa mitirho, na ku kuma switirhisiwa swa tidyondzo nkarhi wun’wana na wun’wana. Leswi swi pfuna ngopfu vadyondzi lava tirhaka kumbe lava dyondzaka va ri kule.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Keshavarz|first=Mohsen|last2=Mirmoghtadaie|first2=Zohrehsadat|date=2023-03-17|title=Book Review: Teaching in a Digital Age: Guidelines for Designing Teaching and Learning–Third Edition, authored by Anthony William (Tony) Bates  (Tony Bates Associates Ltd., 2022)|url=https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v24i2.7063|journal=The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning|volume=24|issue=2|pages=192–195|doi=10.19173/irrodl.v24i2.7063|issn=1492-3831}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Thekinoloji yi antswisa vuhlanganisi exikarhi ka vadyondzi na vadyondzisi hi ku tirhisa ti-imeyili, tiforamu, na ti-app to fana na ''Microsoft Teams'' na ''Zoom''. Tisoftware na switirhisiwa swa xidijitali swi pfuna vadyondzi ku endla ndzavisiso, ku kambela datha, na ku endla swikombiso hi ndlela leyi kongomeke.Tiyunivhesiti ti tlhela ti tirhisana na van’wana emisaveni hinkwayo hi ku tirhisa inthanete.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Selwyn|first=Neil|url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474235952|title=Education and Technology|date=2017|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4742-3591-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thekinoloji yi olovisa ku tsarisa, ku hakela mali ya xikolo, na ku kuma mimbuyelo hi ku tirhisa ti-portal ta vadyondzi. Leswi swi hunguta maphepha naswona swi hlayisa nkarhi. Thekinoloji ya hi pfuna eka Tiplatifomo to fana na ''Google Docs'' ti pfumelela vadyondzi ku tirha swin’we hi nkarhi wun’we, hambiloko va nga ri endhawini yin’we.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cardona|first=Diego Fernando|date=2018-02-14|title=Reseña/Review (Informe/Report: Adams Becker, Samantha, Cummins, Michele, &quot;Horizon Report 2017 Higher Education&quot;, Austin: New Media Consortium (NMC), http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017-nmc-horizon-report-he-EN.pdf, 60 págs., 2017)|url=https://doi.org/10.5209/tekn.58102|journal=Teknokultura. Revista de Cultura Digital y Movimientos Sociales|volume=15|issue=1|pages=169–174|doi=10.5209/tekn.58102|issn=1549-2230}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Sayense]]
[[Category:Tiplatifomo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndhambhi</title>
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      <text bytes="5930" sha1="4p4f93qywyh29980x5gb0c0dww8g8yv" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Download|thumb|ndhambhi]]
&lt;references /&gt;
'''Ndhambhi'''
[[File:2024_Floods_04.jpg|center|thumb|354x354px|Ndhambhi]]
'''[[Mpfula]]''' ya [[ndhambhi]] i mpfula leyi yi nwaku hi matimba yi nga yima, laha yi tisaku ku onha etikweni. Mpfula leyi yi wisa miako yitlhela yi onhetela na magondzo, yi tlhela yi veka rihanyu ra vanhu eka xungeto. Van`wa mapurisa va onhekeliwe swinene hikuva ya swikota ku tsuvula swimilani notlhela yi khukhula na swifuwo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Barit|first=Shimon|last2=du Toit-Prinsloo|first2=Lorraine|last3=Saayman|first3=Gert|date=2020|title=Deaths due to police action and deaths in custody - A persistent problem in Pretoria, South Africa|url=https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2020/vn69a5289|journal=SA Crime Quarterly|issue=69|doi=10.17159/2413-3108/2020/vn69a5289|issn=1991-3877}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Vanhu lava va makeke tiyindlu ta vano eku suhi na milambu votomi bya vona byi tshama byiri eka xungeto swinene, hikuva loko mpfula yi fika yi khukhula tindlu ta vano, laha mati ya tlhelaku ya endla majarata ya vona milambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Barit|first=Shimon|last2=du Toit-Prinsloo|first2=Lorraine|last3=Saayman|first3=Gert|date=2020|title=Deaths due to police action and deaths in custody - A persistent problem in Pretoria, South Africa|url=https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2020/vn69a5289|journal=SA Crime Quarterly|issue=69|doi=10.17159/2413-3108/2020/vn69a5289|issn=1991-3877}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mpfula leyi yi tala kuva kona endzhaku ka malembe yo hlaya. Mpfula leyi yi tlhela yi sivela migigngiriko yo tala etikwini, xikombiso: vanhu va tshama emitirhweni vangayi hikuva mapatu na tiboloho swi va switsemekile. Leswi swiendla kuri fumo wu lahlekeriwa hi mali yo tala hiku lava  ku lunghisa laha ku onhekeke na ku nyikela lava va weriweke hi khombo ra ku hahlukela hi tiyindlu. Nkarhi wu n`wana fumu wu tshembhisa kuri wu ta lunghisa kambe swidlina swihelela emoyeni wu nga lunghisangi. xifundzha lexi xi tshamhaku xi ri eka xungeto hi mpfula ya ndhambhi i xifundzha xa KwaZulu-Natal, xifundzha lexi xiva ka xungeto hikuva xi na tintshava to tala xitlhela xiva ekusuhi na lwendle. Hi xitalo ti mpfula ti nwa ngopfu etintshaveni.
Hi lembe ra magidi mbirhi(2000) tiko ra fana na Mozambique rivile ri hlaseriwa hi mpfula leyi, laha yi nga tlhela yi onhela na matiku ya ku fana na Afrika Dzongo,Zimbabwe na Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Niekerk|first=Janet van|last2=Bekker|first2=Andriette|last3=Arashi|first3=Mohammad|date=2021-06-01|title=Matrix-Variate Beta Generator - Developments and Application|url=https://doi.org/10.52547/jirss.20.1.289|journal=Journal of the Iranian Statistical Society|volume=20|issue=1|pages=289–306|doi=10.52547/jirss.20.1.289|issn=1726-4057}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madascar na yona a yi wela eka man`wani ya matiko lawa ya nga hlaseriw, kambe yona a yi nga hlaseriwangi ngopfu.Tiko leri ri nga hlaseriwa ngopfu ritlhela riva na mafu ya ku tala i Mozambique. Leswiendlaku kuri tiko ra Mizambique ri hlaseriwa swinene i ku ri le ku suhhi na nambu wa Limpopo, nambu lowu wu tatiwa ngopfu hi mati lawa ya taka ya khuluka ya huma eka xifundza xa Limpopo na Mpumalanga, laha loko nambu lowu loko wu tala wu yisaku mati eMozambique.[5] Mati lawa loko ya khuluka makhuluka hi matimba ya fika ya khukhula na tindlu ta vanhu. Swifundza leswi nga hlaseriwa ngopfu eMozambique swikatsa xifundzha xa ka Chòkwè na Mabalane, swifundzha leswi swiva eka hlaselo hikuva nambu wa Limpopo a wu khulukela eka swona.Mabuloho mambirhi lawa ya nga le exikarhi ka doraba ra Boane na Moamba etikweni ra Mozambique a mawile. Swibolohani leswi tsongo eka xifundzha xa Zembezia a swikhuriwile naswona. Tindhawu leti nga hlaseliwa eLimpopo hi le Vhembe eka swifunzdha swofana na Maniini na Tshilungwi. Tin`wani ti ndhawu ti katsa Letaba, nambu wa Shingwedzi, nambu wa Luvhuvhu na ntangha wa swiharhi wa Kruger.[4]

Mpfula leyi yi hlasele swinene, laha n`wansati a nga ze la a velekela n`wana ehenhla ka sinyi. N`wansati loyi vito ra yena i Carolina Cecilia Chirindza.[7] Leswi swiendliwile hikuva mapatu a ya tele swinene hi mati, laha na va swilamulela mhanghu a va nga ta swikota ku fika laha a ri kona, laha na yena a nga tsendza ku foyinela va swilamulela mhangu. N`wansati loyi u pfuniwile hi xihahampfhuka, na xona loko xiya fika xikumile n`wasati a velekile n`wana. Vito ra n`wana loyi a ku ri Rosita, laha a nga hundza emisaveni hi ti 12 Sunguti 2026. Swiyimbeleri swotala leswi katsaka Dokodela Hasani Thomas Chauke swiyimbeleri hi yona mpfula leyi. Ti ndhawu leti nga va na khukhulo eMpumalanga i Nkomazi, Nsikiza na Kruger National Park. Tindhawu leti nga hlaseriwa eZimbabwe i xifundzha xa Manicaland, Masvingo na Midlands. Laha yi nga tlhela yi dlaya vanhu vo ringana 70 eka tiko akelani Zimbabwe.[8]

== Endzhaku ka Malembe ya 25 Ndhambhi leyi yi tlhele yi vuya na kambe. Ndhambhi leyi yi sungurile hi ti 18 Sunguti 2026. Mpfula leyi yi hlaserile swinene eka matiku ya ku fana na Mozambique na Afrika Dzonga.[9]Swifundzha leswi swi nga hlaseriwa eMozambique swikatsa leswi landzelaka: Gaza, Maputo na Sofala. Tindhawu leti nga hlaseriwa eAfrika Dzonga ti katsa Limpopo na Mpumalanga. Tandhawu leti nga va na khukhulo wa matimba eka xifundzha xa Limpopo tikatsa: Giyani,Nghezimani,Silwani,Phalaborwa, Greater Tzaneen, Mhingha, Maphophe na man`wana matiko. Leswi swi endlile leswaku van`wana va vahlampfa lava a vaya exitokweni eVhena va nga khukhuriwa vafamba na mati laha va nga kuma movha tsena, kambe vona vinyi va movha na namuntlha nasweswi mitsumbu ya vona a yise kumeka. Miganga wa Mbaula wu wele eka yi n`wani ya miganga yi nga onhiwa swinene laha yi n`wana ya mimiti a yi pfalelekile hi ndhambi. Eka nghezimani yi tsamile patu hile xikarhi, laha vanhu a va nga hayi eswitolo na mitirhweni. Vanhu vo hlaya nyana eLimpopo vahundzile emisaveni hi mhaka ya ndhambhi leyi. Fumu na van`wani va va hlampfa va nyikerile hi swakudya na Mikumba ==

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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'''Mbhongolo''' i xiharhi lexi  xinga tshembheka swinene na ku tirha hi matimba leswi tlangaka xiave xa nkoka eka tindzhawu ta le makaya emisaveni hinkwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Du|first=Lianming|last2=Geng|first2=Chaoyue|last3=Zeng|first3=Qianglin|last4=Huang|first4=Ting|last5=Tang|first5=Jie|last6=Chu|first6=Yiwen|last7=Zhao|first7=Kelei|date=2023-02-10|title=Dockey: a modern integrated tool for large-scale molecular docking and virtual screening|url=https://academic.oup.com/bib/article/24/2/bbad047/7034216|journal=Briefings in Bioinformatics|language=en|volume=24|issue=2|doi=10.1093/bib/bbad047|issn=1467-5463|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421125730/https://academic.oup.com/bib/article/24/2/bbad047/7034216|archive-date=2024-04-21|access-date=2026-02-26|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti tirhisiwa eka mintirho yohambana hambana yofana naku rima masimu, ku koka [[swigolonyana]], ku fambisa nhundzu, ku lata mati, naku nyika nseketelo wa vutomi. Timbhongolo titlhela ti nghenelela eka migingiriko ya vupfhumba, tinyika ku khandziya kumbe ku nghenelela eka maendzo, leswi tisaka [[mali]] eka vini va tona. Ti khome nkoka wa ndzhavuko eka miganga yotala yale makaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=StackPath|url=https://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/research/journal-articles|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305230049/https://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/research/journal-articles|archive-date=2023-03-05|access-date=2026-02-26|website=www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Donkey-drawn_cart_in_Marrakech,_Morocco,_20250125_1310_7248.jpg|thumb|Mimbuyelo ya ku tirhisa timbhongolo]]
Timbhongolo ti tirhisiwa ngopfu emisaveni hinkwayo leyi hluvukaka, ti tirhela miganga hinkwayo hi ku koka swigolonyana ku rhwala vanhu, swakudya swa nkoka, mati na mphakelo wa tihunyi, ku koka switirhisiwa swa vurimi ku byala, na ku rhwala maphakiti ku tsemakanya tindhawu leti nga ni swiganga. Ti tiyile, ta durha naswona a ti kombisi ku vava hi ku olova, ti ya emahlweni ti tirha hambi ku ri ehansi ka swiyimo swo tika swinene. Mikhuva ya tona ya musa ni yo olova yi ti endla ti va letinene leswaku ti tirhisiwa hi vavasati ni vana. Hambiswiritano, hikokwalaho ka swilo leswi, timbhongolo na tona ti hlaseriwa ngopfu eka ku xanisiwa naku khomiwa hi ndlela yo biha naswona ti lava [[Nsirhelelo ni nhluvukiso wa tindzimi ta Xiafrika eAfrika-Dzonga|nsirhelelo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Magazine|first=SA Farmers|date=2023-05-06|title=The Role of Donkeys in South African Agriculture and Rural Communities|url=https://farmersmag.co.za/2023/05/the-role-of-donkeys-in-south-african-agriculture-and-rural-communities/|access-date=2026-02-26|website=Farmers Magazine South Africa|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va vulavurisana hi ku tirhisa marito yo hambana na ririmi ra miri. Timbhongolo tinga hanya kuringana 25 kuya eka 30 wa malembe, laha tin’wana tifikaka eka malembe lawa ya [[dyuhaleke]]. Nkhathalelo lowu faneleke, ku katsa na ku kamberiwa nkarhi na nkarhi eka [[dokodela wa swifuwo]], swakudya leswi ringaniseriweke, na ku endla vutiolori lebyi ringaneleke, swi hoxa xandla eka vutomi byo leha na [[Rihanyo|rihanyo.]]

Loko ku langutane ni ku cinca ka maxelo, ti- equids to tanihi tihanci, timbhongolo ni tihanci ti nga ha va ntsena nchumu lowukulu lowu landzelaka eka vurimi. I tindlela to chipa, ta xihatla na leti tirhaka to risa swifuwo naku endla mintirho yohambana hambana [[emapurasini.]] Timbhongolo ta ha katseka eku rima, ku rima, ku tsemeta nhova ni ku fambisa swilo leswi tirhisiwaka, ku tshovela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why do farmers raise donkeys? – The Institute for Environmental Research and Education|url=https://iere.org/why-do-farmers-raise-donkeys/|access-date=2026-02-26|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;

#
[[Category:Swiharhi]]
[[Category:Swifuwo]]
[[Category:Swiharhi swa le kaya]]
[[Category:Swihari swa Afrika-Dzonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vukungundzwana</title>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Corrected link to South Africa page</comment>
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      <text bytes="2108" sha1="glss1j8xrhb4030wom9hepcfues7bdi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:10_-_hands_shaking_with_euro_bank_notes_inside_handshake_-_royalty_free,_without_copyright,_public_domain_photo_image_01_(cropped).JPG|thumb|203x203px|Vukungundwana eAfrika Dzonga.]]'''Vukungundzwana''' eAfrikadzonga i mhaka ya nkonka , laha tiko ri nga eka xiyimo xa vu 81 eka ku voniwa ngopfu kuva riri na vukungundzwana eka 180 wa matiko eka 2025 corruption perceptions Index hi Trasparency International. Yi kuma swikoweto ku suka eka 0(lava nga na vukungundzwana kuya eka 100(l leswi baseke swinene, naswona Afrika Dzonga yi kumile swikoweto swa 41 eka 100 ehansi ka xiringaniso xa misava hikwayo xa 42.1.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Thakur|first=Cherese|title=How Professionals Enabled State Capture|date=2023-06-01|work=State Capture in South Africa|pages=109–129|url=https://doi.org/10.18772/22023068318.11|access-date=2026-02-26|publisher=Wits University Press|isbn=978-1-77614-833-2|last2=Pillay|first2=Devi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinxaka ta vukungundzwana leti hangalakeke swinene  e[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrka Dzonga]] ti katsa vukanganyisi, ku tirhisa ka vulawuri hi ndlela yo biha , ku fambelisa naku tekeriwa mali, ku nga tshamiseki kaku xava.[2]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lephakga|first=Tshepo|date=2024-07-29|title=The Silence of Lukewarm Churches in South Africa Today: A Theo-ethical Analysis of the Implications of the Zondo Commission for the Church|url=https://doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/13218|journal=Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae|doi=10.25159/2412-4265/13218|issn=2412-4265}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mfumo wa AfrikaDzonga wu amukerile mhaka leyi naswona wu leku tekeni magoza yo lulamisa.puresidente Cyril Ramaphosa u tivise magoza  yo lwisana na vukungundwana ku katsa no tirhisana na thekinoloji ku hetisisa milawu leyintshwa ya nawu wa ku xava ka mfumo, na ku nghenisa nawumbisi wa Nsirhelelo .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=human-rights-watch-corruption-on-trial-the-record-of-nigerias-economic-andfinancial-crimes-commission|url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-2156-0661|access-date=2026-02-26|website=Human Rights Documents online}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
. 
[[Category:Vanwatipolotiki]]</text>
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    <title>Rirhandzu ra manana</title>
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      <text bytes="2419" sha1="asov9q6xomtpa6ndp6x4hup2vla8xll" xml:space="preserve">[[File:A_mothers_love_(14865176845).jpg|thumb|283x283px]]
'''Rirhandzu ra manana''' ri nyika &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Southan|first=Christopher|date=2014-11-29|title=PMID 25415348 back-story on bioactivity dbs|url=https://doi.org/10.59350/n6013-31e08|access-date=2026-02-26|website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; kurisa loku nga ni vuxiyaxiya ni [[ntwela-vusiwana]], ku nga masungulo ya ntwela vusiwana eka van'wana.  [[Rirhandzu]] ra manana ri komba n'wana ndlela leyinene naswona a [[hlonipha]] mana wa yena. Rirhandzu ra manana ra horisa maphokolo. Hi xitalo manana u [[hluphekela]] vana va yena leswaku va [[humelela]], va tlhela va hlonipheka emugangeni hiku komba vana ndlela leyinene naswona arina swipimelo, a ri fani na rirhandzu rin'wana na rin'wana leri u nga ta ri kuma evuton'wini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Korosi|first=Aniko|last2=Baram|first2=Tallie Z.|date=2009|title=The pathways from mother's love to baby's future|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2759360/|journal=Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience|volume=3|pages=27|doi=10.3389/neuro.08.027.2009|issn=1662-5153|pmc=2759360|pmid=19826614}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manana i wa nkoka swinene hikuva a nge tshiki vana va yena va hlupheka, a nga gonya [[swiganga]] eka vana va yena. Wa swi kota ku endlela vana va yena leswi va swi lavaka, u nghenisa vana va yena xikolo, a va xavela [[swakudya]], xikanw'e no va h;ayisa no pfuna laha va tsandzekaka kona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Search|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+mothers+love&amp;sca_esv=e46d580fc3c87728&amp;sxsrf=ANbL-n4P6rfNTod00msBg21FpLIU4g6jxg:1772100435889&amp;ei=Uxugaa_XNfSbhbIP7JS6qAk&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjvzPLH9PaSAxX0TUEAHWyKDpUQ4dUDCBE&amp;oq=what+is+mothers+love&amp;gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiFHdoYXQgaXMgbW90aGVycyBsb3ZlSABQAFgAcAB4AJABAJgBAKABAKoBALgBDMgBAJgCAKACAJgDAJIHAKAHALIHALgHAMIHAMgHAIAIAQ&amp;sclient=gws-wiz-serp|access-date=2026-02-26|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manana wa swi kota ku khongelela vana va yena leswaku va humelela, swobiha swinga ngheneleli evuton'wini bya vona. [[Rirhandzu]] ra [[Manuhana|manana]] ra kala swinene ungeri kumi handle. Manana u [[hlayisa]] vana va yena hi ndlela leyi faneleke hambi kungari na munhu wonwi [[pfuna.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Richard|first=Nikki|date=2025-11-26|title=A Mother’s Love|url=https://medium.com/modern-women/a-mothers-love-eadded7c83f4|access-date=2026-02-26|website=Modern Women|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;

#</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xikolo</title>
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      <text bytes="1995" sha1="6vo4m58c2cytal95w9ooq9a4i9r1raq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:School_Environment.jpg|thumb|Xikolo]]
'''Xikolo''' i ndhawu ya nkoka swinene laha vana na vantshwa va kumaka vutivi na vuswikoti kona xikanwe na mahanyelo lamanene. Xikolo xi pfuna munhu leswaku a kota ku tsala ni ku hlaya. ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Vygotsky|first=Lev|title=Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes.|year=1978}}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Draft page 1Xi tlhela xi pfuna vanhu leswaku va dyondza ku hlayisa mindyangu ya vona hi ndlela leyinene.[1] Xikolo i ndhawu ya nkokna siwnene eka munhu unwnana na unwnana.

Exikolweni i ndhawu leyi ku kumekaku vadyondzi xikanwe na [[vadyondzi]] lava dyondzisaka tidyondzo ta sayense na tidyondza ta swa timali na matimu. Vadyondzisi va na mfanelo ya ku dyondzisa vana ku xixima kumbe ku hlonipha munhu unwana na unwana ku nga ri lonkulu kumbe lontsongo.Xiref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Freire|first=Paul|title=Pedagogy of the Opressed|publisher=Continuum|year=1970|location=New York}}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Xikolo xinwana na xinwana xi na milawu leyi vana va faneleke ku yi landzelela , tanihi ku ambala junifomo ya xikolo, ku ta exikolweni masiku hinkwawo, kufika exikolweni hikarhi, ku tsala [[mintirho]] ya xikolo na yinwana milawu.

Xikolo xi fanele ku tlhela xi va na rivala ra mintlangu laha va faneleke ku endla vutiolori kona.Vuhlayiseki bya vana exikolweni byi le mavokweni ya vadyondzisi.[3] Xikolo i masungulo ya vumundzuku lebyinene. Xitlhela xipfuna vana ku twisisa leswaku loko munhu a lava nchumu wo karhi u fanele ku tinyietela kumbe ku tirha hi [[matimba]] leswaku a fikelela ku navela ka yena.[4]

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;

# Lev Vygotsky (1978) ''Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes.'' Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
# Paulo Freire (1970) ''Pedagogy of the Oppressed.'' New York: Continuum.
# John Dewey (1916) ''Democracy and Education''. New York: Macmillan.
# Amartya Sen (1999) ''Development as Freedom''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Baby Monkey (Risimu)</title>
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        <username>Thuvack</username>
        <id>315</id>
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      <comment>Thuvack moved page [[N’wana wa Nghwazi]] to [[Baby Monkey (Risimu)]]</comment>
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'''''Baby monkey''''' I alibamu ya vumbirhi ya studio hi Voodoo Child, vito rin’wana ra vuxisi ra muyimbeleri wa electronica wa le Amerika Moby . Yi humesiwile hi Ndzhati 2004 hi ti record labels ta V2 na Mute.

''Baby monkey'' yi humesiwile hi ti 27 ta Ndzhati 2004, hi ti record labels ta V2 na Mute.Kuya hi ti ntila notes ta album leyi,Moby u humesile album leyi ehansi ka vito ra yena ra vuxisi leswaku ata kota ku dzikisa mianakanyo eka vuyimbeleri handle ko vilela hi ku nyikiwa xitulu kumbe ku xavisiwa ka tirhikhodo.

Ku humesiwile ti single timbirhi &quot;Light Is in Your Eyes&quot; hi Nyenyankulu 2003 na &quot;Take It Home&quot; hi Nwendz. 

== Vuamukeri ==
{{Music ratings|MC=58/100&lt;ref name=&quot;Metacritic&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/baby-monkey |title=Reviews for ''Baby Monkey'' by Voodoo Child – Metacritic |website=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=June 5, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev1=[[AllMusic]]|rev1score={{Rating|2.5|5}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Bush&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/baby-monkey-mw0000331164|title=Voodoo Child - Baby Monkey|website=[[AllMusic]]|last=Bush|first=John|access-date=3 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev2=''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]''|rev2score={{Rating|3|5}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Blender&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=April 2004 |title=[''Baby Monkey'' review] |magazine=[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]] |page=139}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev3=''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''|rev3score=C&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,578464,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426031637/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,578464,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 26, 2009 |title=''Baby Monkey'' &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; EW.com |date=January 26, 2004 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |accessdate=June 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev4=''[[The Guardian]]''|rev4score={{Rating|3|5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2004/jan/30/popandrock.shopping5 |title=CD: Voodoo Child, ''Baby Monkey'' &lt;nowiki&gt;| Music |&lt;/nowiki&gt; The Guardian |last=Simpson |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Simpson (music critic) |date=January 30, 2004 |website=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=June 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev5=''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]''|rev5score={{Rating|3|5}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Mojo&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=March 2004 |title=[''Baby Monkey'' review] |magazine=[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]] |page=104}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev6=''[[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]]''|rev6score=4.2/10&lt;ref name=&quot;Zwickel&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/8496-baby-monkey/ |title=Voodoo Child: ''Baby Monkey'' |last=Zwickel |first=Jonathan |date=7 June 2004 |website=[[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]] |accessdate=22 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev7=''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]''|rev7score={{Rating|2|5}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Q&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=March 2004 |title=[''Baby Monkey'' review] |magazine=[[Q (magazine)|Q]] |page=113}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev8=''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]''|rev8score=5/10&lt;ref name=&quot;Spin&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=March 2004 |title=[''Baby Monkey'' review] |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |page=96}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev9=''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]''|rev9score={{Rating|3|5}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Uncut&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=February 2004 |title=[''Baby Monkey'' review] |magazine=[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]] |page=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;|rev10=''[[Urb (magazine)|Urb]]''|rev10score={{Rating|3|5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=May 2004 |title=[''Baby Monkey'' review] |magazine=[[Urb (magazine)|Urb]] |page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}''Baby Monkey'' u amukerile swibumabumelo swo hambana hambana kusuka eka vaxopaxopi. ''Mojo'' u tsarile &quot; ''Baby Monkey'' una nostalgic feel yo hlamarisa – onge u pfuxetile moya wa raver ya yena ya khale, na ti nsimu ta yona leti yi titsakelaka na ti bass lines tinga onhakanga.&quot;  ''Uncut'' u yi vitanile &quot;Ku engeteriwa loku tsakisaka eka mintirho yo hambana ya mutshila.&quot;  ''Blender'' u tsarile: &quot;Loko tiphurojeke ta le tlhelo to titsakisa ti famba, leswi swi nga va swi bihe ngopfu.&quot; 

Hi tlhelo rin'wana, tinsimu hinkwato yi tsarile leswaku &quot;Hakanyingi yi twala yifana swinene na rhekhodo ya ncino wa generic circa 1992.&quot;  ''Q'' u tsarile: &quot; ''Baby Monkey'' a nga na nchumu wa khombo, adventure kumbe hakunene chemical frisson leyi hlamuseleke ndhavuko wa rave—i smug sonic wallpaper ntsena.&quot;  ''Spin'' u xiyile: &quot;Ti track leti ti pfumala matimba yo nyika matimba eka glow stick.&quot;  Jonathan Zwickel wa Pitchfork u tsarile: &quot;Akuna vutomi lebyi hefemulaka hi tindlela leti ta 12 to olova, yin'wana na yin'wana ya tona yinga vonaka yi tlhelela endzhaku hambi kuri eka nkarhi wa ku hluvuka ka Moby ekusunguleni ka malembe yava Makhume nkaye—namuntlha, yin'wana na yin'wana I anachronism hiku hetiseka.&quot; 

== Swihlovo leswi  tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist|2}}</text>
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    <title>Matsavu</title>
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        <username>Khantsho</username>
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      <comment>added category refences/</comment>
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      <text bytes="2533" sha1="czy16n8u6663ix3oz6cwtid2bl4ii08" xml:space="preserve">'''Ma9tsavu''' i swiphemu leswi dyiwaka swa swimilana leswi dyiwaka hi vanhu kumbe swiharhi swin'wana tanihi [[swakudya]] . Nhlamuselo leyi yo sungula ya ha tirhisiwa ko tala, naswona yi tirhisiwa eka swimilana hi ku angarhela ka swona ku kombetela eka swilo hinkwaswo swa swimilana leswi dyiwaka hi vanhu na swiharhi, ku katsa na swona swiluva, mihandzu, swirhabyani, matluka, timintsu, na mbewu . Nhlamuselo yin’wana yi tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo karhi hi ku tihlawulela, hakanyingi hi ndhavuko wa swakudya na ndhavuko; swi nga ha katsa mihandzu hinkwayo leyi nandzihaka yo fana na matamatisi ni xikwavava, swiluva swo fana na broccoli, ni mbewu yo fana na ti- pulse, kambe yi nga katsi swakudya leswi humaka eka swimilana swin’wana leswi nga mihandzu, swiluva, tinyawa, ni mavele ya cereal 5

Ekusunguleni, matsavu aya kumeka e nhoveni hi vahloti-vahlengeleti naswona yisungule ku byariwa eka tindzhawu to hlaya ta misava,  hi nkarhi ya55 10,000&amp;nbsp;BC ku ya eka 7,000&amp;nbsp;BC, loko ku tumbulixiwa ndlela leyintshwa ya vutomi bya vurimi . Eku sunguleni, swimilana leswi milaka laha tikweni a swi byariwa, kambe loko nkarhi wu ri karhi wu famba, mabindzu a ma tisa swibyariwa leswi tolovelekeke ni leswi nga tolovelekangiki leswi humaka etindhawini tin’wana leswaku swi engetela eka tinxaka ta le kaya. masiku lawa, miroho yotala yibyariwa emisaveni hinkwayo tani hileswi maxelo ya pfumelaka, naswona swibyariwa swinga byariwa eka tindzhawu leti sirhelelekeke eka tindzhawu letinga ringanelangiki ngopfu. China hi rona mubyari na mutshoveri lonkulu wa  matsavu, naswona ku vuxavi  bya misava hinkwayo ka switirhisiwa swa vurimi swi pfumelela vaxavi ku xava miroho leyi byariweke ematikweni ya le kule. Xikalo vutumbuluxi xahambana kusuka eka van’wamapurasi lava tihanyisaka lava phakelaka swilaveko swa mindyangu ya vona eka swakudya, kuya eka mabindzu ya swavurimi lawa yanga na ti acreages letikulu ngopfu ta swibyariwa swa vutumbuluxi byin’we. Kuya hi muxaka wa matsavu leyi khumbekaka, ku tshovela swibyariwa swilandzeriwa hiku ringanisa, ku hlayisa na ku lulamisiwa naku xavisiwa.

66Matsavu yanga dyiwa yanga swekiwanga kumbe yi swekiwile naswona yana xiave xa nkoka eka swakudya swa vanhu, ngopfu ngopfu yina mafurha yale hansi na ti carbohydrates, kambe yale henhla hi ti vitamins, ti minerali na fibre ya swakudya* . Vativi vo tala va swakudya  va  khutaza vanhuleswaku  va dya mihandzu ni matsavu yo tala, hakanyingi ku bumabumeriwa leswaku va dya swiphemu swa ntlhanu kumbe ku tlula hi siku6*
[[Category:Matsavu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kwembe</title>
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      <text bytes="1298" sha1="4pw1q4iockgve5sqgivkxhp1vi5e42k" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Cucurbita pepo 2016 G1.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa kwembe]]
'''Kwembe''' i muhandzu lowu tswariwaka hi ximilani lexi byariwaka xa matsavu. Kuna makwembe yo hambana-hambana ya xivumbeko xo hambana-hambana. Kwembe ''ra C. pepo'' i rin’wana ra mihandzu ya khale swinene leyi tivekaka, naswona, kunal vumbhoni bya ku byariwa ka wona kusukela exikarhi ka 7000 BCE na 5500 BCE e Mesoamerica. Tinxaka ta makwembe ya nhova ni tinxaka to sungula leti fuyiweke ti huma [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|eAmerika N’walungu]] (swiphemu swa namuntlha en’walungu-vuxa bya [[Meksiko|Mexico]] ni le dzongeni [[Amerikha|wa United States]] ), kambe sweswi vatshoveri va byala makwembe emisaveni hinkwayo. Makwembe ya tirhisiwa ku sweka swakudya, to khavisa ni swikongomelo swin’wana leswi yelanaka na ndhavuko.

Kwembe i xiphemu xa swakudya swa vughana hi kuya hi ndzhavukoi wa le [[Khanada|Canada]] nale [[Amerikha]] naswona ya tala ku tirhisiwa tani hi swikhaviso swa tinguva ta ximun’wana naswona ya vatliwa leswaku ya khavisa muti hi nkarhi wa Hallowini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pumpkins {{!}} Illinois Extension {{!}} UIUC|url=https://extension.illinois.edu/pumpkins|access-date=2026-02-26|website=extension.illinois.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Swimilana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bodlhela</title>
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[[File:Bouteille.jpg|thumb|Bodlhela ra vhinyo ra xikhale]]
[[File:Bottle_Iran_16.JPG|thumb|Miri lowu hlanganisiweke, bodlhela leri pendiweke ni leri nga ni makhethenisi. Ku tsariwe hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-16 eIran.]]
'''Bodlhela''' i xibye xa nkolo wo lala lexi endliweke hi swilo leswi nga ngheniki hi mati (swo fana na nghilazi, swibye swa vumba, swibye leswi endliweke hi vumba, pulasitiki kumbe aluminiyamu) hi swivumbeko swo hambana-hambana na mimpimo leyi hlayisaka ni ku rhwala swihalaki. Nomu wa yona laha wu nghenaka kona emabodlheleni wu nga pfariwa hi xipfalo xa le ndzeni kumbe xipfalo xa bodlhela xa le handle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntivo-vutomi bya rito ==
Rito ra Xinghezi leri nge bottle(bodhlele) ri huma eka rito ra Xifurwa xa Khale leri nge boteille, leri hfumaka eka rito ra xintu ra Xilatini leri nge ''butticula'', leri humaka ku rito ra Xilatani leri nge ''buttis'' (&quot;khomo&quot;), ku nga rito ra Xitsonga leri nge βοῦττις (khomo) (&quot;xibye&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bottle Bottle], Online Etymology Dictionary&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dbou%3Dtis βοῦττις], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tinxaka ==

=== Nghilazi ===
 

==== Vhinyo ====
 
Bodlhele ra nghilazi ari yimela nhluvuko wa nkoka eka matimu ya wayeni, hikuva loko rihlanganisiwa na xipfalo xa xiyimo xale henhla ari pfumelela ku dyuhala ka nkarhi woleha ka wayeni . Nghilazi yina timfanelo hinkwato leti lavekaka eka ku hlayisiwa ka nkarhi wo leha. Emahlweni ka leswi, vhinyo a yi xavisiwa hi barrel (naswona emahlweni ka sweswo, amphora ) naswona yi cheriwa emabodlheleni ntsena exitolo xa muxavisi, loko yi xavisiwa nikatsongo. Leswi swi siye minkarhi leyikulu naswona hakanyingi leyi tirhisiwaka hi ndlela yo biha ya vukanganyisi ni vuxisi, tanihi leswi vaxavi a va fanele va tshemba muxavisi malunghana ni leswi nga endzeni. Ku ehleketiwa leswaku vhinyo yo tala leyi dyiwaka ehandle ka tindhawu leti humesaka vhinyo yi onhiwile hi ndlela yo karhi. Nakambe, a hi vaxavisi hinkwavo lava a va ri ni vukheta leswaku va papalata ku va ni oxidation kumbe ku thyakisa loko va ri karhi va chela emabodlheleni, leswi endleke leswaku ku va ni ku hambana lokukulu ka mabodlhela . Ngopfu-ngopfu emhakeni ya ribuwa, ku chela ka vaxavisi vo karhi lava nga ni vuxiyaxiya emabodlheleni ya swikepe swa khale swi tisa minxavo leyi tlakukeke hambi ku ri namuntlha. Ku papalata swiphiqo leswi, wayeni yotala ya kahle yi cheriwa emabodlheleni eka ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi (kukatsa na port hinkwayo, kusukela hi 1974).

Ku na mimpimo yo tala na swivumbeko swa mabodlhela lama tirhisiwaka ku endla wayeni. swivumbeko swinwani swi tiveka tanihi:

* &quot;Bordeaux&quot;: Bodlhele leri ri ololokile naswona ri ni &quot;makatla&quot; lama gombonyokeke lama pfunaka ku khoma ndzhope naswona swa olova ku ma hlengeleta. Hi ndhavuko a yi tirhisiwa eBordeaux kambe emisaveni hinkwayo hi yona leyi tolovelekeke.
* &quot;Burgundy&quot;: Hi ntolovelo yi tirhisiwa eBurgundy, yi ni matlhelo lama hungutekaka ku suka eka ku tlakuka ku ya eka xiphemu xo koma xa xirhendzevutana, naswona a yi na makatla. 
* &quot;Champagne&quot;: Hi ntolovelo yi tirhisiwa eka Champagne, yi fana na bodlhele ra Burgundy, kambe yi na masungulo yo anama na xivumbeko xo tika ku tiyiselela ntshikilelo wa carbonation ya vhinyo leyi vangamaka.

==== Codd-neck ya xirhendzevutani ====
 
[[File:Image-Codd_bottle.jpg|left|thumb|Bodlhela ra codd-neck]]
Hi lembe ra 1872 vaendli va swakunwa swo kufumela va le Britain Hiram Codd wa le Camberwell, eLondon, u endle bodlhela leri endleriweke ngopfu swakunwa leswi nga ni khaboni ni ku va ni mpfumelelo. '''Bodlhela''' ri endlleriwile kuva ri pfalela 'marble' na 'rubber' 'washer/gasket' enhan’wini. Mabodlhela lawa a ma tatiwile ma langute ehansi, naswona ntshikelelo wa gasi leyi a yi ri ebodlheleni wu sindzise 'marble' leswaku  wu pfalela khaboni. Bodlhela leri a ri pfanganisiwe ri va xivumbeko xo hlawuleka, hilaha swi nga voniwaka hakona eka xifaniso lexi nga etlhelo ra ximatsi, leswaku ku va ni kamara leri 'marble' a ri susumetiwa eka rona leswaku ri pfula bodlhela. Leswi swi endle leswaku marble yi nga pfali nhamu loko swakunwa swi ri karhi swi cheriwa.

Endzhakunyana ka loko yi sungule ku sunguriwa, bodlhela leri risungule ku tsakeriwa swinene eka ti indasitiri ta swakunwa swo kufumela naku endla byala, ngopfu ngopfu e [[Yuropa|Europe]], [[Axiya|Asia]] na Australasia, hambi leswi vanwi van’wana va byala ava nyenya ku tirhisiwa ka bodlhela leri. Etymology yin’wana ya rito ''[[wiktionary:codswallop|codswallop]]'' yi huma eka biya leyi xavisiwaka eka mabodlhela ya Codd, hambi leswi leswi hi ntolovelo swi banisiwaka tani hi etymology ya vanhu . 

Mabodlhela lawa aya tshamela ku endliwa kuringana  malembe yo tala, kambe hakatsongotsongo ya hungutekile eka kutirhisiwa. Tanihi leswi vana va pfotloseke mabodlhela leswaku va teka mabilomu ma kayivela swinene naswona ma hundzuke swilo swa vahlengeleti ; ngopfu-ngopfu eUK. Bodlhela ra Codd ra muvala wa cobalt namuntlha ri tisa madzana ya ti pound ta Britain eka fandiselo. Dizayini ya Codd-neck ya ha tirhisiwa eka swakunwa swo kufumela [[Japani|swa le Japani]] leswi vuriwaka Ramune ni le ka swakunwa [[Indiya|swa le Indiya]] leswi vuriwaka Banta . 

=== Tipulasitiki ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Botella_de_plástico_-_PET.jpg|alt=A PET bottle| Bodlhela ra PET
File:Rákóczi-Bolzano-Kissingen-1.JPG|alt=Stone ware jar for carrying water.| Xibya xa swilo swa maribye xo rhwala mati.
File:Shampoo_Bottle_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|alt=A bioplastic shampoo bottle made of PLA-blend bio-flex| Bodlhela ra shampoo ra bioplastic leri endliweke hi PLA-blend bio-flex
File:Sigg_Bottle.jpg|alt=A contemporary metal bottle (Sigg)| Bodlhela ra nsimbi ra manguva lawa ( Sigg ) .
File:Bottle,_Ding_ware,_Hebei_province,_China,_Northern_Song_dynasty,_11th-early_12th_century_AD,_porcelain_with_iron_pigment_under_transparent_ivory-toned_glaze_-_Freer_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC05557.JPG|alt=Chinese ding-ware porcelain bottle with iron-tinted pigment under a transparent colorless glaze, 11th century, Song dynasty| Bodlhela ra porcelain ra ding-ware ra le China leri nga ni muhlovo lowu nga ni muhlovo wa nsimbi ehansi ka glaze leyi nga riki na muvala leyi vonakaka, ya lembe-xidzana ra vu-11, ra ndyangu wa vuhosi wa Song
File:Normflasche-1.jpg|alt=Normflasche bottle| Bodlhela ra Normflasche
File:Crate,_milk_(AM_1999.107.120-3).jpg|alt=Reusable glass milk bottle| Bodlhela ra masi ra nghilazi leri tirhisiwaka nakambe
File:Yale_bottle.gif|alt=Excavated pontiled soda or beer &quot;blobtop&quot; bottle, circa 1855| Bodlhela ra &quot;blobtop&quot; ra soda kumbe biya leri cercariweke, kwalomu ka 1855
File:Bocksbeutel_bottle.jpg|alt=Bocksbeutel bottle| Bodlhela ra Bocksbeutel
File:Bouteilles_de_vin_Voleuses-détourées.jpg|alt=Two bottles for Maas wine, called &quot;thieves&quot;, 18th century| Mabodlhela mambirhi ya wayeni ya Maas, lawa ya vuriwaka &quot;vayivi&quot;, ya lembe xidzana ravu 18
File:22872c3aebc44ba42e27b5f1bb568448_(17921561302).jpg|alt=A bottle wall| Rirhangu ra bodlhela
File:Bottle_from_Shiraz,_Iran,_Qajar_period,_late_18th-19th_century,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG|alt=Blue glass bottle, 18th–19th-century Iran| Bodlhela ra nghilazi ra wasi, ra lembe-xidzana ra vu-18–19 ra le [[Iran]]
File:HD.5A.036_(10555475386).jpg|alt=1940s Chianti fiasco| Hi malembe ya va 1940 [[Chianti]] fiasco
File:My_dna_fragrance_exclusive_perfume-2.jpg|alt=Aluminium spray bottle| Bodlhela ro fafazela ra aluminiyamu
File:Beer_bottles_2018_G1.jpg|alt=Empty beer bottles of different colors| Mabodlhela ya [[Byala|biya]] lama nga riki na nchumu ya mihlovo yo hambana-hambana
File:Wärmflasche1.jpg|alt=Two modern hot water bottles shown with their stoppers| Mabodlhela mambirhi ya manguva lawa ya mati yo hisa lama kombisiweke ni swipfalo swa wona
File:Bottle_of_milk.jpg|alt=Plastic bottle of milk. One US gallon| Bodlhela ra plastiki ra masi. Galoni yin’we ya le United States
&lt;/gallery&gt;Pulasitiki yi kongomisiwe eka ntambhu eka endlelo ro endla xivumbeko. Mabodlhela ya pulasitiki ma tala ku tirhisiwa ku hlayisa swihalaki swo fana na mati , namuneti , mafurha ya movha, mafurha yo sweka, [[Vutshunguri|mirhi]], xisibi xo hlamba misisi, masi na inki. Mpimo wa yona wu sukela eka mabodlhela lamantsongo ku ya eka mabodokisi lamakulu. Mimpfuno leyikulu ya mabodlhela ya tipulasitiki ku tlula nghilazi i ku tiya ka wona ka le henhla ka ku tshoveka, eka vuhumelerisi na vutleketli, xikan'we na ntiko wa wona wo vevuka na nxavo wa le hansi wa vuhumelerisiwi. Swiphiqo swi katsa nthyakiso lowu hangalakeke wa tipulasitiki.

=== Aluminiyamu ===
 
'''Bodlhela ra aluminiyamu''' i bodlhela leri endliweke hi aluminiyamu . Ematikweni yan'wana, yitlhela yivuriwa &quot;bottlecan&quot;. Hi ntolovelo yi khoma byala, swakunwa swo kufumela kumbe wayeni.

=== Mati yo hisa ===
{{Reflist}}
'''Bodlhela ra mati yo hisa''' i bodlhela leri taleke hi mati yo hisa lawa ya tirhisiwaka ku kufumela. Yinga endliwa kusuka eka switirhisiwa swohambana hambana, ngopfu ngopfu rhaba kambe hi matimu yi endliwe kusuka eka swilo swo tiya swofana na nsimbi, nghilazi, swibyi swa vumba kumbe mapulanga.

== Swifaniso ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Botella_de_plástico_-_PET.jpg|alt=A PET bottle| Bodlhela ra PET
File:Rákóczi-Bolzano-Kissingen-1.JPG|alt=Stone ware jar for carrying water.| Xibye xa swilo swa maribye xo rhwala mati.
File:Shampoo_Bottle_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|alt=A bioplastic shampoo bottle made of PLA-blend bio-flex| Bodlhela ra shampoo ra 'bioplastic' leri endliweke hi 'PLA-blend bio-flex'
File:Sigg_Bottle.jpg|alt=A contemporary metal bottle (Sigg)| Bodlhela ra nsimbi ra manguva lawa ( Sigg ) .
File:Bottle,_Ding_ware,_Hebei_province,_China,_Northern_Song_dynasty,_11th-early_12th_century_AD,_porcelain_with_iron_pigment_under_transparent_ivory-toned_glaze_-_Freer_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC05557.JPG|alt=Chinese ding-ware porcelain bottle with iron-tinted pigment under a transparent colorless glaze, 11th century, Song dynasty| Bodlhela ra porcelain ra ding-ware ra le China leri nga ni muhlovo lowu nga ni muhlovo wa nsimbi ehansi ka glaze leyi nga riki na muvala leyi vonakaka, ya lembe-xidzana ra vu-11, ra ndyangu wa vuhosi wa Song
File:Normflasche-1.jpg|alt=Normflasche bottle| Bodlhela ra 'Normflasche'
File:Crate,_milk_(AM_1999.107.120-3).jpg|alt=Reusable glass milk bottle| Bodlhela ra masi ra nghilazi leri tirhisiwaka nakambe
File:Yale_bottle.gif|alt=Excavated pontiled soda or beer &quot;blobtop&quot; bottle, circa 1855| Bodlhela ra &quot;blobtop&quot; ra soda kumbe biya leri cercariweke, kwalomu ka 1855
File:Bocksbeutel_bottle.jpg|alt=Bocksbeutel bottle| Bodlhela ra 'Bocksbeutel'
File:Bouteilles_de_vin_Voleuses-détourées.jpg|alt=Two bottles for Maas wine, called &quot;thieves&quot;, 18th century| Mabodlhela mambirhi ya wayeni ya Maas, lawa ya vuriwaka &quot;vayivi&quot;, ya lembe xidzana ravu 18
File:22872c3aebc44ba42e27b5f1bb568448_(17921561302).jpg|alt=A bottle wall| Rirhangu ra bodlhela
File:Bottle_from_Shiraz,_Iran,_Qajar_period,_late_18th-19th_century,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art.JPG|alt=Blue glass bottle, 18th–19th-century Iran| Bodlhela ra nghilazi ra wasi, ra lembe-xidzana ra vu-18–19 ra le [[Iran]]
File:HD.5A.036_(10555475386).jpg|alt=1940s Chianti fiasco| Hi malembe ya va 1940 [[Chianti]] fiasco
File:My_dna_fragrance_exclusive_perfume-2.jpg|alt=Aluminium spray bottle| Bodlhela ro fafazela ra aluminiyamu
File:Beer_bottles_2018_G1.jpg|alt=Empty beer bottles of different colors| Mabodlhela ya [[byala]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;lama nga riki na nchumu ya mihlovo yo hambana-hambana
File:Wärmflasche1.jpg|alt=Two modern hot water bottles shown with their stoppers| Mabodlhela mambirhi ya manguva lawa ya mati yo hisa lama kombisiweke ni swipfalo swa wona
File:Bottle_of_milk.jpg|alt=Plastic bottle of milk. One US gallon| Bodlhela ra plastiki ra masi. Galoni yin’we ya le United States
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Swilo swo hambana-hambana ==
Mabodlhela yatala ku vuyiseriwa kuya hi SPI 'recycling code' ya switirhisiwa.
 {{Reflist}}

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==

* Soroka, W, &quot;Masungulo ya Thekinoloji yo paka&quot;, IoPP, 2002, 2002. 
* Yam, KL, &quot;Encyclopedia ya Thekinoloji yo paka&quot;, John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2009, 2009.</text>
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    <title>Ximilana</title>
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      <text bytes="759" sha1="jvtwcvnoc1sd5b7js17roki4xv0n25g" xml:space="preserve">Ximilanana i   nchumu lowu byariwaka wutshoveriweke ku tirhisiwa hi vanhu . Swimilana  swi byariwa hi xikalo kuva swihumelerisa swakudya, (fibre), mafurha na swin’wana. Swimilana swive swa nkoka eka nhluvuko wa vanhu kusukela eka nhluvuko wosungula wa vurimi.Xiteji xa nkoka eka matimu yo anama ya vurimi, loko vanhu vosungula ava byala swimilani leswaku vata  dya va tlhela va  xaviselana. [ 1 ] Namuntlha kuna nhlayo yitsongo ya swimilana swa nkoka swofana na rhayisi, koroni, mavele, na chukele, swi endla vunyingi bya vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo. Hikwalaho ka nkoka wa swona wa ikhonomi, swimilana )swi dyondziwa endzeni ka tidyondzo to hlayanyana ta sayense, ku katsa na agronomy, sayense ya vurimi, horticulture, na forestry .
[[Category:Vurimi]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2680" sha1="sl7mvz4kzzmxy4w7px25rbkuxfoc449" xml:space="preserve">'''Vumba''' i rixaka ra swilo swa misava swa ntumbuluko leswi nga na mavele makahle leswi nga na timinerali ta vumba [ 1 ] (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, xikombiso kaolinite, .  ). Ntalo wa timinerali ta vumba lowu baseke wuna muhlovo wo tenge na waku tima, Naswona vumba bya ntumbuluko byihi kombisa mihlovo yo hlaya ku sungula eka thyaka, kufana na muhlovo wotshuka kumbe wa buraweni kusuka eka yinyingi ya iron oxide . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] .

Vumba byina  vupulasitiki loko byi tsakamile naswona byi nga nonoka hi ku hisa . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Vumba i xitirhisiwa xo ka xi nga tirhisiwanga xa ceramic lexi tivekaka nkarhi wo leha swinene. Vanhu va le kusunguleni ka misava va kume swilo leswi pfunaka swa vumba kutani va byi tirhisa ku endla swibye swa vumba . Swin’wana swa swiphemu swa vumba swo rhanga swivekiwa kwalomu ka 14,000&amp;nbsp;B.C.E., [ 7 ] ni swiphepherhele swa vumba a ku ri switirhisiwa swo sungula leswi tiviwaka swo tsala. [ 8 ] Vumba byi tirha hiti ndlela to tala ta  masiku lawa ya tiindasitiri, ku fana na ku vumba maphepha, ku vumba semendhe, na ku basisa hi tikhemikhali . Exikarhi ka hafu na mbirhi-xa-nharhu xa vaaki va misava va tshama kumbe va tirha tindlwini leti vumbiweke hi vumba, hi ntolovelo yi vumbiwaka yi va switina, tanihi xiphemu xa nkoka xa xivumbeko xa yona xo rhwala ndzhwalo. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Kulaveka vumbhoni|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Eka vurimi, ntsengo ya vumba i nchumu lowukulu eka ku kumisisa ku byariwa ka misava . Misava ya vumba hi ntalo ayi fanelanga swinene eka swibyariwa hikuva kaku kayivela ka mati ya ntumbuluko; hambiswiritano, misava ya vumba yi nonile swinene, hikwalaho ka vuswikoti bya le henhla bya cation-exchange . &lt;ref name=&quot;v874&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=49–79}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Vumba i xilo lexi tolovelekeke ngopfu. Shale, leyi vumbiweke ngopfu hi vumba, i ribye leri tolovelekeke ngopfu ra sedimentary. [ 11 ] Hambi leswi ti deposits tala leti kumekaka hi ntumbuluko ti hlanganisaka silts na vumba, vumba byi hambanisiwa na misava yin’wana ya mavele ya kahle hiku hambana ka vukulu na mineralogy. Silts, leyi kunga misava ya mavele ya kahle leyinga katsi timinerali ta vumba, yitala kuva na vukulu bya swiphemuphemu kuhinda vumba. Nkatsakanyo wa sandi, silt na vumba byale hansi ka 40% swihlamusela loam . Misava leyi nga ni ''vumba lebyo nono'' ngopfu ( vumba lebyi andlalekeke ), ku nga timinerali ta vumba leti avekeke hi ku anama loko ti nw'a mati, i ndhundhuzelo lowukulu eka vunjhiniyara bya vaaki . [ 1 ] .

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==

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'''Munhu''' i xivumbiwa lexi nga na vuswikoti byo karhi kumbe swihlawulekisi swo fana na xivangelo, mahanyelo, [[Vuhanyanyi|ku twisisa]] kumbe ku titiva, na ku va xiphemu xa xivumbeko lexi simekiweke hi ndhavuko xa vuxaka bya ntshamisano ku fana na vuxaka bya rixaka, vun'wini bya nhundzu, kumbe vutihlamuleri bya nawu.     Swihlawulekisi leswi hlamuselaka ''vumunhu'' naswona, hi ku landzelelana, leswi endlaka leswaku munhu a hlayiwa tanihi munhu, swi hambana swinene exikarhi ka mindhavuko na swiyimo.  

Ku engetelela eka xivutiso xa vu munhu, xa leswaku i yini lexi endlaka leswaku xivumbiwa xi hlayiwa tanihi munhu ku sungula, ku na swivutiso swin’wana mayelana na ''vutivi bya munhu hi yexe'' na ''vu munhu'' : ha vumbirhi mayelana na leswi endlaka leswaku munhu wo karhi a va munhu wo karhi ematshan’wini ya un’wana, na mayelana na leswi endlaka leswaku munhu hi nkarhi wun’wana a va munhu un’we na loyi a a ri yena kumbe a nga ta va yena hi nkarhi wun’wana hambileswi ku nga na ku cinca kwihi na kwihi loku nghenelelaka.

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      <text bytes="3884" sha1="23916jdcoyf904cj9nv8tki40ix5b7o" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Brassica oleracea 2011 G1.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa khavichi]]
 '''Khavichi''', leyi katsaka tinxaka to hlaya ta ''Brassica oleracea'', i ximilani xa matluka ya rihlaza kumbe rihlaza ro dzwihala, ya xivunguvungu, kumbe yo basa lexi byariwaka tani hi xibyariwa xa miroho xa lembe rin'wana na rin'wana eka tinhloko ta xona ta matluka yo tsindziyela. Yi huma eka khavichi ya nhova, naswona yi wela eka swibyariwa swa cole kumbe brassicas, leswi vulaka leswaku yi fambelana swinene na birikholi na khalifilalwa (var. ''botrytis)''; Swihluke swa Brussels (var. ''gemmifera'' ); na khavichi ya Savoy (var. ''sabauda'' ).

Khavichi hi ntolovelo yi tika exikarhi ka 500 na 1000 wa tigereme. Tikhavichi ta rihlaza letingana matluka yo olova, ya tinhloko leti tiyeke hi tona leti tolovelekeke swinene, laha tikhavichi ta xivunguvungu ta matluka yo olova na tikhavichi ta savoy letingana matluka yo tsindziyela ta mihlovo leyimbirhi tinga tala. Ehansi ka swiyimo swa masiku yo leha ya dyambu, kufana na lawa ya kumekaka eka ti latitudes tale henhla ta n’walungu hi ximumu, ti khavichi tinga kula swinene. Hi lembe ra 2012, khavichi yo tika swinene a yi ri 62.71 wa tikhilogireme. Tinhloko ta khavichi hi ntolovelo ti tshoveriwa eka lembe rosungula ra ku byariwa hi rona bya ximilani, kambe swimilani leswi kunguhatiweke kuva mbewu swipfumeleriwa kukula lembe ravumbirhi naswona swifanele ku hlayisiwa swihambanile na swibyariwa swin’wana swa cole ku sivela cross-pollination. Khavichi yi tala kuva na ku pfumaleka ka swkudya swo tala xikan'we na switsotswana swo tala, na mavabyi ya ti bacteria na fungul. 

Khavichi a yi tala ku byariwa kun’wana e[[Yuropa|Europe]] eka matimu ya khale emahlweni ka 1000 BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;briefhistoricalsketch&quot;&gt;A brief historical sketch is in [[#Toussaint-Samat|Toussaint-Samat]], pp. 622ff.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku tirhisiwa ka khavichi eka swakudya swi tsariwile ku sukela khale.  A yi hlamuseriwa tanihi tafula ra manyunyu eMfun'weni ya  vaRhoma. &lt;ref&gt;The Natural History of Pompeii. Cambridge University Press. 2002. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-521-80054-9&lt;/ref&gt;  Hi Malembe ya le Xikarhi, khavichi a yi hundzuke xiphemu lexikulu xa swakudya swa le Yuropa, &lt;ref&gt;Ingram, Christine (2000). The Cook's Guide to Vegetables. Hermes House. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-1-84038-842-8.&lt;/ref&gt; hilaha swi kombisiweke hakona hi ku voninga ka matsalwa ya voko.  Ku sunguriwe ku hambana lokuntshwa ku sukela eka ku pfuxeta ka vukhongeri ku ya emahlweni, ngopfu-ngopfu hi vanhu lava vulavulaka Xijarimani. Khavichi ya Savoy yi endliwe hi lembe xidzana ra vu-16. Hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-17 ni ra vu-18, khavichi a yi tsakeriwa tanihi swakudya leswikulu exikarhi, en’walungwini ni le Vuxeni bya Yuropa.  Yi tlhele yi tirhisiwa hi vatluti va le Yuropa ku sivela vuvabyi bya scurvy hi nkarhi wa maendzo yo leha elwandle. Ku sukela eku sunguleni ka nguva ya manguva lawa, khavichi a yi rhumeriwa ematikweni ya le [[Amerikha]], [[Axiya|eAsia]], ni le misaveni hinkwayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;universityofarizona-cabbage&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://cals.arizona.edu/fps/sites/cals.arizona.edu.fps/files/cotw/cabbage.pdf|title=Green Cabbage|author=Nolte, Kurt|publisher=University of Arizona|access-date=2012-08-14|archive-date=2013-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626020823/http://cals.arizona.edu/fps/sites/cals.arizona.edu.fps/files/cotw/cabbage.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ti nga lunghisiwa hi tindlela to tala to hambanahambana to dya; ti nga ha swekiwa, ti virisiwa (eka swakudya swo tanihi sauerkraut na kimchi), ti swekiwa, ti oxiwa, ti swekiwa, kumbe ti dyiwa ti nga swekiwangi. Khavichi leyi nga si swekiwaka i xihlovo lexi fuweke xa vhithamini K, vhithamini C ni fibre ya swakudya. [[Chayina|China]] hi rona leri humelerisaka ngopfu ti khavichi, rinyika tiphensete ta makumemune nhungu wa nhlayo hinkwayo ya misava.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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'''[[Swidzidzirisi]]''' i swilo leswi cincaka ndlela leyi miri kumbe mianakanyo yi tirhaka ha yona. Swidzidzirisi swin’wana swi tirhisiwa eka swa vutshunguri, kasi swin’wana swi tirhisiwa ku tihungasa. Ku twisisa ku hambana exikarhi ka tinxaka leti na vuyelo bya tona i swa nkoka eka ku endla swiboho leswi hlayisekeke na rihanyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing|date=2019-04-03|title=What are drugs?|url=https://www.health.gov.au/topics/drugs/about-drugs/what-are-drugs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224152950/https://www.health.gov.au/topics/drugs/about-drugs/what-are-drugs|archive-date=2025-12-24|access-date=2026-02-26|work=Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mirhi ya vutshunguri, yo tanihi mirhi leyi dlayaka switsongwatsongwana kumbe mirhi yo hunguta switlhavi, yi nyikiwa hi madokodela leswaku yi tshungula mavabyi ni ku hunguta swikombiso. Hi xikombiso, mirhi yo tanihi insulin yi pfuna vanhu lava nga ni vuvabyi bya chukele leswaku va lawula mpimo wa chukele engatini ya vona. Loko mirhi leyi yi tirhisiwa kahle ehansi ka nkongomiso wa xiphurofexinali, yi nga antswisa khwalithi ya vutomi hambi ku ri ku ponisa vutomi. Mitlhavelo i xikombiso xin’wana xa mirhi leyi sirhelelaka vanhu eka mavabyi lama nga ni [[khombo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Drug Use and Addiction|url=https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html|access-date=2026-02-26|website=medlineplus.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Aspirine_macro_shot.jpg|thumb|318x318px|'''Swidzidziharisi''']]
Hi hala tlhelo, swidzidzirisi swa vuhungasi swi tekiwa hikwalaho ka vuyelo bya swona ebyongweni. Leswi swi nga ha katsa swilo swo fana ni byala, nicotine, cannabis, khokheyini ni heroyini. Swidzidzirisi swin’wana swa vuhungasi swi le nawini etindhawini to karhi, kasi swin’wana a swi le nawini. Hambileswi swi nga ha vangaka mintlhaveko ya ntsako kumbe ku ntshunxeka swa xinkarhana, swi nga ha tlhela swi va ni switandzhaku leswi nga ni khombo. Ku tirhisa swidzidzirisi hi ndlela yo biha swi nga vanga ku godzomberiwa, swiphiqo swa rihanyo, ku nga endli swiboho hi ndlela yo biha ni ku nonon’hweriwa exikolweni, entirhweni ni vuxaka. Ku godzomberiwa i xiyimo lexikulu lexi eka xona munhu a titwaka a nga swi koti ku tshika ku tirhisa xidzidzirisi hambileswi ku nga ni vuyelo byo biha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-18|title=Physical and mental effects of drug abuse — Medical News Today|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/effects-of-drug-abuse|access-date=2026-02-26|website=www.medicalnewstoday.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swi khumba fambiselo ra hakelo ya byongo, leswi endlaka leswaku swi tika eka vanhu ku lawula mahanyelo ya vona. Hi ku famba ka nkarhi, ku tirhisa swidzidzirisi hi ndlela yo biha swi nga onha swirho swa nkoka swo tanihi mbilu, xivindzi ni byongo.

[[Dyondzo-Afrika|Dyondzo]] na ku lemukisa swi hoxa xandla swinene eku siveleleni ka ku tirhisiwa ka swidzidziharisi hi ndlela yo biha. Mindyangu, swikolo ni miganga swi nga pfuna hi ku nyika rungula leri kongomeke ni nseketelo. Vanhu lava lwisanaka ni swiphiqo swa swidzidzirisi va nga lava mpfuno eka [[madokodela,]] vatsundzuxi ni mintlawa ya nseketelo. Hi ku gimeta, swidzidzirisi swi nga pfuna ni ku va ni khombo hi ku ya hi ndlela leyi swi tirhisiwaka ha yona. Hambileswi swidzidzirisi swa vutshunguri swi antswisaka ni ku ponisa vutomi, ku tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo biha ka swidzidzirisi swa vuhungasi swi nga vanga khombo lerikulu emirini ni le mianakanyweni. Ku endla swiboho leswi nga ni vutivi ni ku lava mpfuno loko swi laveka i magoza ya nkoka yo hlayisa vutomi lebyi hanyeke kahle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/137533759/Disadvantages-of-Drugs|access-date=2026-02-26|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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      <text bytes="999" sha1="tauildxufrw85x42x6p7aklcoz8dkoe" xml:space="preserve">Tibangi ti tirha tanihi vayimeri va ku hakela hi ku endla tiakhawunti ta ku cheka kumbe ta sweswi eka vaxavi, ku hakela ticheke leti hoxiweke hi vaxavi ebangi, na ku hlengeleta ticheke leti hoxiweke hi vaxavi ebangi, na ku hlengeleta ticheke leti nghenisiweke eka tiakhawunti ta sweswi ta vaxavi. Tibangi ti tlhela ti endla leswaku tikhasimende ti hakela hi ku tirhisa tindlela tinwana to hakelato fana na Automated Clearing House (ACH), Ku hundziseriwa hi tintambhu kumbe ku hundziseriwa hi thelegiramu, EFTPOS, na michini yo hakela ya xiothomethi (ATMs).

Tibangi ti lomba mali hi ku amukela mali leyi vekiweke eka tiakhawunti ta sweswi, hi ku amukela tidipoziti ta nkarhi wo leha, na hi ku humesa tisekhurithi ta swikweleti to fana na tibangi na tibondo. Tibangi ti lomba mali hi ku endla mali ya le mahlweni eka vaxavi eka tiakhawunti ta sweswi, hi ku endla swikweleti swa swiphemuphemu, na hi ku vekisa eka tisekhurithi ta swikweleti leti xavisiwaka na swivumbeko swin’wana swa ku lomba mali.</text>
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      <text bytes="478" sha1="igtmf83j3qmmbidy8krkiqupl4velzx" xml:space="preserve">'''Xitofu''' kumbe '''range''' i xitirhisiwa lexi humesaka kuhisa endzeni kumbe ehenhla ka xitirhisiwa xo kufumeta ndzhawu kumbe ku sweka. Switofu swi nga ha fambisiwa hi mafurha yo tala, yo tanihi gasi ya ntumbuluko, gezi, petirolo, tihunyi ni malahla.

Swilo leswi tolovelekeke ngopfu leswi switofu swi endliwaka ha swona i nsimbi leyi hoxiweke, na maribye.

Vulavisisi na nhluvukiso eka switofu leswi hlayisekeke na leswi humesaka thyaka a hansi swi ya emahlweni swi hluvuka.</text>
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      <text bytes="2529" sha1="59jnea9xrcv5xyn7hr9chaak9i23kq8" xml:space="preserve">'''Apula''' i mihandzu wa xirendzivutani, lowu dyiwaka, lowu humaka eka ya nsinya wa apula ( ''Malus'' spp.). Mirhi ya mihandzu ya rixaka ra '''mihandzu''' kumbe '''apula ra le kaya''' ( '''''Malus domestica''''' ), leyi byariweke ngopfu eka muxaka lowu, yi [[Vurimi|byariwa]] emisaveni hinkwayo. Murhi lowu wu sungule eAsia Xikarhi,laha wu nga kula wu hangalaka na nhova, ''Malus sieversii'', wa ha kumekaka kona.Maapula ya byariwile ku ringana magidi ya malembe eEurasia loko ya nge se fika [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|eAmerika N'walungu]] hi vakoloni va le Yuropa .Maapula ma ni nkoka wa ndhavuko eka mintsheketo yo tala (ku katsa ni Xinorse ni Xigriki ) na [[vukhongeri]] (bya  tanihi Vukreste eYuropa ).

Maapula lawa ya byariweke kusuka eka [[mbewu]] yotala  kuze ya hambanile swinene na laha ya tumbulukeke kona, naswona mihandzu leyi humelelaka hakanyingi ayi pfumala swihlawulekisi leswi lavekaka. Hi swikongomelo swa mabindzu, kukatsa na ku kamberiwa ka swimilani, ti cultivars ta maapula ti hangalasiwa hiku hlanganisiwa ka kulu eka timintsu . Misinya ya maapula leyi byariweke handle ka timintsu yitala kuva yikulu naswona ya hlwela  swinene kuva yiva na mihandzu endzhaku ko byala. Timintsu titirhisiwa ku lawula rivilo raku kula xikan’we na vukulu bya nsinya lowu lehaku, leswi pfumelelaka ntshovelo wo olova.

Kuna kutlula 7,500 wa tinxaka ta maapula . Ti tixaka tohambana hambana ti fuyiwa kuva titsakela naku tirhisiwa kohambanahamban,laha swikatsaka na kusweka, kudya swinga swekiwanga, naku humelerisiwa ka juzi ya cider kumbe apula . Mirhi na mihandzu switala kuva na swiphiqo swa fangali, ta switsongatsongwani, na switsotswana, leswinga lawuriwaka hi tindlela to hlaya to hanyisa na taku ka ti nga hanyisi. Hi 2010, rixaka ra mihandzu leyi yi landzelerisiwile tani hi xiphemu xa vulavisisi eka vulawuri bya mavabyi xikan’we naku fuwa hiku hlawula eka vuhumelerisi bya maapula.

Rito ''apula'' ri huma eka Xibunu, leswi vulaka &quot;apula&quot;, hayi hi ku kongoma apula. &lt;ref name=&quot;OnlineEtymDict&quot; /&gt; Sweswo hi ku famba ka nkarhi swi huma eka riviti ra Proto-Germanic {{Lang|gem-x-proto|*aplaz}}, yi huma hi ku landzelelana eka Proto-Indo-European {{Lang|ine-x-proto|*h₂ébōl}} .  Ku sukela hi lembe xidzana ra vu 17, rito leri ri tlhele ri tirha tanihi rito leri tolovelekeke eka mihandzu hinkwayo, ku katsa ni tinyawa . Leswi swi nga ringanisiwa ni xivulavulelo xa Xinghezi xa le Xikarhi xa lembe-xidzana ra vu 14 apula ra le tangeni, leswi vulaka [[banana]] . 
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Huku</title>
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'''Nkuku''' ( '''''Gallus gallus domesticus''''' ) i xivumbeko lexi fuyiwaka xa xinyenyana xo tshwuka xa le makhwatini ( ''Gallus gallus'' ), lexi eku sunguleni a xi tumbuluka eDzonga-vuxa bya Asia.Yisungule ku fuyiwa kwalomu ka 8,000 wa malembe lawa yanga hundza naswona i xin’wana xa swifuwo leswi fuyiweke leswi tolovelekeke naswona swi hangalakeke emisaveni hinkwayo.Tihuku ngopfu ngopfu ti hlayisiwa eka nyama na tandza ra tona, hambi leswi titlhelaka ti hlayisiwa tani hi swifuwo swale kaya.

Ku sukela hi 2023, nhlayo ya tihuku ta misava hinkwayo yi tlula 26.5 wa tibiliyoni, laha ku humelerisiwaka ku tlula khume ntlhanu wa tibiliyoni ta swinyenyana lembe na lembe leswaku swi dyiwa. Tinxaka to hlawuleka tofana na ti &quot;broilers&quot; na tihuku leti vekaka ti endliwile kuva ti humelerisiwa nyama na tandza, hiku landzelelana.Nkuku lowu fuyiweke leswaku wuta veleka wunga humesa kutlula 300 wa matandza hi lembe, Tihuku i swiharhi swa ntshamisano leswingana marito yo rharhangana na mahanyelo, naswona swihumelela eka mintsheketo, vukhongeri, na matsalwa eka miganga yotala, Nkoka wa tona wa ikhonomi wu ti endla xiphemu xa nkoka xa vufuwi bya swiharhi emisaveni hinkwayo.

== Mavito ya mavito ==
Mimpimanyeto ya tihuku yi katsa:

* ''Biddy'' : huku, kumbe huku leyi ha ku tswariwaka  
* ''Capon'' : huku ya xinuna leyi tsemiweke kumbe leyi nga tsemiwiki [ a ].
* ''Chick'' : huku leyintsongo 
* ''Chook'' /tʃ ʊ k / : huku (Australia/New Zealand, leyi nga riki ya xivumbeko) 
* ''Mbolo'' : huku ya xinuna leyikulu leyi noneke  
* ''Cockerel'' : huku ya xinuna leyintsongo 
* ''Nkuku'' : huku ya xisati leyikulu 
* ''Pullet'' : huku ya xisati leyintsongo leyinga ehansi ka lembe.  Eka bindzu ra tihuku, pullet i huku leyi nga vupfangiki hi tlhelo ra rimbewu leyi nga ehansi ka 22 wa mavhiki hi vukhale. 
* ''Rooster'' : huku ya xinuna leyikulu leyi noneke, ngopfu ngopfu e North America. Yi sungule hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-18, kumbexana tanihi xivulavulelo xo olova ku papalata nhlamuselo ya rimbewu ya rito ''mbolo'' .   
* ''Yardbird'' : Huku (dzongeni wa United States, ririmi ra le makaya)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ku phanga</title>
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[[File:Pluenderung_der_Judengasse_1614.png|thumb|Ku phangiwa ka Frankfurter Judengasse, hi ti 22 ta Ndzati 1614]]
 
Kuphanga i xiendlo xo yiva, kumbe ku teka nhundzu hi nkani, hi ntolovelo exikarhi ka xiphiqo xa masocha, xa tipolotiki kumbe xin’wana xa ntshamisano, xo tanihi [[nyimpi]],  timhangu ta ntumbuluko laha nawu ni ku sindzisiwa ka vaaki swi nga tirhiki swa xinkarhana, kumbe ku pfilunganyeka. Mali leyi kumiwaka eka migingiriko leyi hinkwayo yi nga hlamuseriwa tanihi ku phanga'''.'''

Ematin'wini hinkwawo, mukhuva wa ku phanga nyimpi hakanyingi a wu tekiwa tanihi mfanelo ya ndhavuko ya mavuthu lama hlulaka ku fikela loko ku endliwa nawu wa manguva lawa wa matiko hinkwawo.

Ku phanga hi vuthu leri hluleke hi nkarhi wa nyimpi ku ve mukhuva lowu tolovelekeke ematin’wini hinkwawo lama rhekhodiweke. Endzhaku ka tinyimpi ta Napoleon naswona ngopfu-ngopfu endzhaku ka nyimpi ya vumbirhi ya misava, mimpimanyeto yo lwisana ni ku phangiwa ka swilo hi nkarhi wa nyimpi yi amukeriwile ngopfu. Eka [[Nyimpi|tinyimpi ta manguva lawa leti humeleleke]], ku phanga swi yirisiwile hi nawu wa matiko ya misava, naswona swi vumba vugevenga bya nyimpi. Mintwanano ya Hague ya 1899 na 1907 yi yirise hi ku kongoma ku phanga, yi tsala matshalatshala ya khale yo sivela mukhuva lowu eka tinyimpi ta le Yuropa.


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  <page>
    <title>Mangwa</title>
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      <text bytes="1440" sha1="je44g2hbv2ltor96tl44iv0dot200a4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Equus_zebra_hartmannae_-_Etosha_2015.jpg|thumb|MANGWA]]

'''Mangwa''' I xiharhi xa nhova Lexi kumekaka I ntangeni. Mangwa yi yilana swinene na xifuwo xale Kaya Lexi ku nga mbongholo. Mangwa yi hambanile na mbongholo hikuva yina masala yo basa na yo ntima. Leswi endlaka leswaku mangwa yi hlawuleka hi leswaku ya swikota ku khudzehela yi yimile. Vulavisisi byi Kombat leswaku timangwa hinkwato ti kumeka ntsena eka tiku ra Afrika. Lexi hlamarisaka swinene hi xiharhi lexi iku mavala ya xona ya tikomba ya fana kambe hikuya Ka ntiyiso wa mhaka, mavala ya mangwa ya hambanile ku xana na migandlo ya tintiho ta munhu. Mangwa yi kota ku tsutsuma hi rivilo rale henhla swinene, naswona a hi xiharhi lexi dlayiwaka ku olova hi swiharhi swinwanyana.&lt;ref&gt;https://a-z-animals.com/blog/10-incredible-zebra-facts/&lt;/ref&gt;

Swakudya leswi dyiwaka hi xiharhi lexi I matsavu, misinya, mabyanyi na swiluva a xi fihluti swakudya swa ngati. Xiharhi lexi I xiharhi lexi kotaka ku Kula swinene emirhini wa xona. Lexi hlamarisaka hi mangwa iku kolomo ka 80% ku fika eka 60% eka siku yiva, yiri eku fihluteni naswona tirhandza ku tshama hi ntlawa a hi xitalo u kuma xirharhi lexi xiri xoxe kumbe swimbirhi. Mangwa a ti tshami I ndhawu yin'we ti rhandza ku fihluta tiri eku fambeni. Mangwa I xiharhi xo hlawuleka swinene Lexi rhandzekaka no xonga swongazi.&lt;ref&gt;https://za.pinterest.com/pin/140806218970934/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vusweti eUnited States</title>
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[[File:Poverty_in_the_U.S._by_county.png|thumb|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;&gt; Xiphemu xa maamerika lama hanyaka ehansi ka mpimo wa vusweti eka xifundzha xin’wana na xin’wana xa swifundzha swa makume ntlhanu, Xifundzha xa Columbia, na Puerto Rico hi ku ya hi ndzavisiso wa vaaki wa le Amerika wa 2016–2020&lt;/div&gt;]]
[[File:Number_in_Poverty_and_Poverty_Rate,_1959_to_2017.png|thumb|Nhlayo eka vusiwana na vusweti: 1959 ku ya eka 2017. The US.]]
Eka tiko ra [[Amerikha|United States]] vusweti byi ni vuyelo bya ntshamisano ni bya tipolotiki. Hi ku ya hi swipimelo swa vusweti leswi tirhisiweke hi Census Bureau leswi nga katsiku swilo leswi nga riki swa mali swofana na switempe swa swakudya kumbe vukorhokeri bya swa vutshunguri kumbe tiyindlu ta mfumo, Amerika a yi ri na makhume nharhu nkombe wa timiliyoni ta vanhu lava hlamuseriweke tanihi lava hanyaka evuswetini hi 2023 leswi i khume n'we wa tiphesente ta vaaki.  


Swin’wana swa swivangelo swotala swi katsa muholo, vunyingi bya vanhu lavakulu lava hanyaka evuswetini va thoriwile naswona va na dyondzo ya xikolo xa le henhla. Hambi leswi United State ku nga tiko leri fuweke swinene hi swipimelo swa matiko ya misava, ri na mpimo wa le henhla wa vusweti lowu phikelelaka loko wu pimanisiwa na matiko man’wana lama hluvukeke hikwalaho ka xiphemu xa sisiteme ya vuhlayiseki.

Matshalatshala yo hunguta vusweti ya katsa milawu ya nguva ya ntwanano lowuntshwa hi nkarhi wa ntshikelelo lowukulu wa ikhonomi, ku ya eka nyimpi ya rixaka ya vusweti hi malembe ya va 1960 na matshalatshala yo hunguta vusweti hi nkarhi wa ku wa lokukulu ka ikhonomi ya 2008. Mfumo wa federal wuna tindzawulo timbirhi leti pimaka vusweti, ehansi ka ndzawulo ya mabindzu, ndzawulo ya nhlayo ya vanhu yi vile yi vika mpimo wa ximfumo wa vusweti ku sukela hi malembe ya va 1960, kasi ndzawulo ya rihanyo na vukorhokeri bya vanhu yi hlamusela swiyimo swa miholo leswi vanhu va faneleke ku kuma mpfuneto wa mfumo wo lwisana na vusweti. Ndzawulo ya rihanyo na vukorhokeri yi katsa mpfuneto wa mali ku suka eka minongonoko yo fana na muholo wa vuhlayiseki byo engetela na mpfuneto wa nkarhinyana eka mindyangu leyi pfumalaka. Vuhlayiseki tanihi xiphemu xa muholo wa munhu loko a vika hi leswaku i vanhu vangani lava nga evuswetini. Ku sukela hi 2011 ndzawulo ya nhlayo ya vanhu yi tlhele yi vika mpimo lowuntshwa wa vusweti byo engetela nongonoko wa mpfuneto wa swakudya, lowu katsaka mpfuneto wa mfumo lowu nga riki wa mali yo lwisana na vusweti kufana na nongonoko wa mpfuneto wa swakudya swo engetela switempe swa swakudya na vutshunguri, nkhathalelo wa rihanyo eka swisiwana, naswona wu tlhela wu hlamusela ku hambana ka miganga eka ntsengo wa vutomi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xinkwa</title>
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      <text bytes="1486" sha1="qqtbu2ubhgl95zphv5yxs7udk1qprfy" xml:space="preserve">'''Xinkwa''' i swakudya leswi bakiweke leswi endliweke hi mati, fulawuri, naswona hakanyingi xivirisi. I swakudya leswikulu emisaveni hinkwayo, ngopfu-ngopfu [[Yuropa|eYuropa]] ni le [[Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi|Middle East]].  Eka matimu hinkwawo lama rhekhodiweke ni le misaveni hinkwayo, yi ve xiphemu xa nkoka eka swakudya swa mindhavuko yo tala. I xin’wana xa swakudya swa khale swinene leswi endliweke hi vanhu, leswi nga ni nkoka ku sukela eku sunguleni ka [[vurimi]], naswona swi hoxa xandla swinene eka mihivahivana ya vukhongeri ni le ka ndhavuko wa misava.

Xinkwa xinga cheriwa xivirisi hi timicrobes leti kumekaka hi ntumbuluko (xikombiso sourdough), ti khemikhali (xikombiso baking soda), xivirisi lexi humelerisiwaka hi ti indasitiri, kumbe high-pressure aeration, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na ti gas bubbles leti kukumuxaka xinkwa. Nakambe xinkwa xi nga ha va lexi nga riki na xivirisi. Ematikweni yo tala, xinkwa lexi endliwaka hi vunyingi hakanyingi xi ni swilo leswi engeteriwaka leswaku xi antswisa nantswo, xivumbeko, muvala, vutomi bya le xelufini, swakudya leswi nga ni rihanyo ni ku olova ku xi endla.

Rito ''xinkwa'' i rito leri fambelanaka na Xinorse xa khale na tindzimi tin’wana to hlayanyana ta Xijarimani leti tirhisiweke ro sungula eka Xinghezi kwalomu ka lembe ra 1200.   Nhlamuselo ya rona a ku ri ''bit, crumb, kumbe morsel''. &lt;ref name=&quot;oed&quot; /&gt; Vito ra Xinghezi ra Khale a ku ri ''brēotan'' kumbe ''brēad'' . 

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mudende</title>
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Mudende

'''Mudende''' I mali leyi tekiwaka eka Mali ya xibalu leyi hakeriweke, hi vatirhela mfumo ni tikhamphani tin'wana na tin'wana leti kumekeke laha etikweni. Hi kwalaho Ka vusweti laha etikweni, vulavisisi byi kombile leswaku vusweti lebyi I switandzhaku swa mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu. Ku lwesana na vusweti mfumo wu endlele mpfuno wa mudende laha va phalalaka vanhu lava va nga na vusweti laha etikweni. Mali leyi yi nyikiwa vana va malembe Yale hansi Ka khume nhungu, vana vo loveriwa hi vatswari, swilema xikan'we na vakhegulu. Ku kota ku kuma mpfuno hi mali leyi ya mudende u fanekele kuva u ri xirho xa tiko ra Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;https://uwcscholar.uwc.ac.za/items/266aa385-1219-4ba8-af67-d600b138438e&lt;/ref&gt;

Vulavisisi byi Komba leswaku  munhu wun'we eka vanharhu va na xiave naswona va vuyeriwa eka mali ya mudende. Mali leyi ya mudende yi tlakuka lembe na lembe loko ku hlayiwa mpimanyeto wa timali. Mali leyi yi fanekele ku tirhisiwa hi vutihlamuleri, vatswari a vapfumeleriwanga ku xava mabyalwa, swidzidziharisi kumbe ku gembula hi yona. Mali leyi a yifanelenga ku tirhisiwa eka vamachonisi kumbe eka vulombisi byihi kumbe byihi. Vanhu lava kumeka Mali leyi a vafanelangi ku tirhisa makhadi ya vona ya mudende eka vamachonisi. Munhu u fanerile ku amukela Mali leyi loko a tshama na n'wana Kasi loko n'wana a suka eka vuhlayisi bya yena u fanele a famba na Mali yakwe.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=7756#:~:text=Here%20are%20some%20insights%20into%20government%20spending,issue%20of%20the%20growing%20social%20welfare%20net&lt;/ref&gt;

Mali ya mudende yi languteriwile ku xava swakudya na swilo swotirhisiwa swa nkoka swa vana. Mudende wu fanekele ku xava swaambalo swa vana no hakelela vana swilo swa xikolo. Vakhegulu ni vatsoniwa va fanekele ku xava swakudya ni swiambalo hi Mali leyi. Mali ya mpfuno ya mudende I Mali leyi faneleke ku pfuna vanhu niku lwisana na vusweti etikweni ra Afrika Dzonga.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/sassa-stops-illegal-deductions-social-grants-03-sep-2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;Ntlawa: money</text>
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'''Bolo''' i nchumu wa xirhendzevutani (hi ntolovelo wa xirhendzevutana, kambe minkarhi yin’wana wu va wa xivumbeko xa 'ovoid' )&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpZx5wQbxvMC&amp;q=spherical+or+ovoid+ball&amp;pg=PA404|title=Code of Federal Regulations: 1985–1999|date=5 November 1999|publisher=U.S. General Services Administration, National Archives and Records Service, Office of the Federal Register|access-date=5 November 2017|via=Google Books|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021013/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gpZx5wQbxvMC&amp;pg=PA404&amp;dq=spherical+or+ovoid+ball&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi-r96o96fXAhXEDsAKHTKcAr4QuwUIKDAA|archive-date=7 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ball_1 noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes {{!}} Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com:80/us/definition/english/ball_1?q=ball|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315041630/http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com:80/us/definition/english/ball_1?q=ball|archive-date=2017-03-15|access-date=2025-11-19|website=www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-11-19|title=Definition of BALL|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ball|access-date=2025-11-19|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  lowu tirhisiwaka ko hlayanyana. Ri tirhisiwa eka mintlangu ya bolo, laha ntlangu wa ntlangu wu landzelelaka xiyimo xa bolo loko yi biwa, yi raha kumbe ku hoxiwa hi vatlangi. Tibolo ti nga ha tlhela ti tirhisiwa eka mintirho yo olova, yo tanihi ku khoma kumbe ku juggling . Tboilo leti endliweke hi swilo leswi tiyeke ti tirhisiwa eka switirhisiwa [[Vunjhiniyera|swa vunjhiniyara]] ku nyika tibeyari leti nga ni ku hlangana ka le hansi swinene, leti tiviwaka tanihi tibeyari ta bolo . Matlhari ya black-powder ma tirhisa mabilomu ya maribye ni ya nsimbi tanihi swibalesa . 

Hambileswi tinxaka to tala ta tibolo namuntlha ti endliwaka hi rhaba, xivumbeko lexi a xi nga tiviwi ehandle ka matiko ya Amerika ku fikela endzhaku ka maendzo ya Columbus . Mapaniya hi vona vo sungula va le Yuropa ku vona tibolo ta rhaba leti tlulaka (hambi leswi ti tiyeke naswona ti nga pfurhaka) leti a ti tirhisiwa ngopfu eka ntlangu wa bolo ya le Mesoamerican . Tibolo leti ati tirhisiwa eka mintlangu yohambana hambana eka tindzhawu tin’wana ta misava emahlweni ka Columbus ati endliwa kusuka eka switirhisiwa swin’wana swofana na swivindzi swa swiharhi kumbe madzovo, ya tatiwa hi switirhisiwa swohambana hambana.

Tanihi leswi tibolo ku nga swin'wana swa swilo swa xirhendzevutani leswi tolovelekeke eka vanhu, rito &quot;bolo&quot; ri nga ha kongomisa kumbe ku hlamusela swilo swa xirhendzevutani kumbe leswi nga ekusuhi na xirhendzevutani. &quot;Bolo&quot; yi tirhisiwa hi ndlela yo fanekisela minkarhi yin'wana ku kombisa nchumu wa xirhendzevutani xikombiso, ti- armadillos' na vanhu va goveka va va bolo, kumbe ku endla xibakele xi va bolo.

== Ntivo-vutomi bya rito ==
Ku tirhisiwa ko sungula loku tiviwaka ka rito ''bolo'' hi Xinghezi hi ndlela ya miri wa xirhendzevutana lowu tlangiwaka hi wona a ku ri hi 1205 eka ''Layamon’s Brut, kumbe Chronicle of Britain''  Rito leri ri huma eka Xinghezi xa le Xikarhi ''bal'' (lexi hundzuriweke tanihi ''ball-e, -es'' ), hi ku landzelelana ri huma eka Xinorse xa Khale ''böllr'' (leyi vitaniwaka [ ballːr ] ; pimanisa Old Swedish ''baller'', na Swedish ''boll'' ) kusuka eka Proto-Germanic ''ballu-z'' (laha kumbexana Middle High German ''bal, ball-es'', Middle Dutch ''bal'' ), leyi fambelanaka na Old High German ''ballo, pallo'', Middle High German balle kusuka eka Proto-Germanic ''*ballon'' (yo tsana ya xinuna), na Old High German ''ballâ, pallâ'', Middle High German ''balle'', Proto-Germanic ''*balln'' (xisati lexi tsaneke). Ku hava xiringaniso xa Xinghezi xa Khale xa xin’wana xa leswi lexi tiviwaka. (Swivumbeko leswi fambisanaka swa xiringanyeto eka Xinghezi xa Khale a swi ta va swi ri ''beallu, -a, -e'' —ringanisa ''bealluc, ballock'' .) Loko ''ball-'' a yi ri ya ntumbuluko eka Xijarimani, swi nga ha va yi ri leyi fambisanaka ni ''foll-is'' ya Xilatini hi nhlamuselo ya &quot;nchumu lowu pfurhaka kumbe lowu pfurhaka.&quot; Eka mapeletelo ya le ndzhaku ya Xinghezi xa le Xikarhi ''balle'' rito leri ri fambisane hi ndlela ya xifaniso na ''balle'' ya Xifurwa &quot;ball&quot; na &quot;bale&quot; leyi hikokwalaho hi xihoxo yi tekiweke tani hi xihlovo xa yona. ''Balle'' ya Xifurwa (kambe ku nga ri ''boule'' ) yi tekiwa yi huma eka Xijarimani, hi yoxe, hambiswiritano. Hi Xigriki xa Khale rito πάλλα ( ''palla'' ) ra &quot;bolo&quot; ri tiyisisiwile  handle ka rito σφαίρα ( ''sfaíra'' ), ''xirhendzevutana''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dsfai%3Dra^&amp;highlight=ball σφαίρα] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052243/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry%3Dsfai%3Dra%5E&amp;highlight=ball|date=2017-03-20}}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matimu ==
[[File:Russian_balls_12-13.jpg|thumb|Tibolo ta dzovo ra le Rhaxiya ( Russian   ), lembe-xidzana ra vu-12-13.]]
Muxaka wun’wana wa ntlangu lowu nga ni bolo wu kumeka wu kombisiwile eka switsundzuxo swa le Egipta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Egypt State Information Service|title=Ancient Egyptian Sport|url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/section/10/733?lang=en-us|access-date=2024-05-27|archive-date=2024-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418203621/https://www.sis.gov.eg/section/10/733?lang=en-us|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Eka 'Homer', 'Nausicaa' a a ri karhi a tlanga bolo na vanhwanyana va yena loko Odysseus a n’wi vona ro sungula etikweni ra 'Vaphaeacian' (Od. vi. 100). Naswona Halios na Laodamas va tlangile emahlweni ka Alcinous na Odysseus hi ku tlanga bolo va fambisana na ku cina (Od. viii. 370).&lt;ref name=&quot;eb1911&quot;&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ball}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Tibolo ta khale swinene e Eurasia ti tshuburiwile e Karasahr, [[Chayina|China]] naswona yana 3000 wa malembe hi vukhale. A ti endliwe hi dzovo leri taleke hi misisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/leather-balls-point-ancient-chinese-sport-180976102/|title=These Hair-Filled Leather Pouches Are the Oldest Balls Found in Eurasia|last=Gershon|first=Livia|date=October 21, 2020|website=www.smithsonianmag.com|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|access-date=November 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Magriki ya khale ===
Exikarhi ka Magriki ya khale, mintlangu leyi nga ni tibolo  a yi tekiwa tanihi leyi pfunaka eka switoloveto swa mintlango leswi nga ni madzolonga swinene tanihi ndlela yo hlayisa miri wu olova ni ku wu endla wu saseka, kambe hi ntolovelo a wu tshikiwa eka vafana ni vanhwanyana. Eka milawu ya nkarhi na nkarhi ya ku tlanga mintlango ya bolo, a ku na nchumu wo tala. Mavito ya swivumbeko swo hambana-hambana hi Xigriki, lama fikeke eka hina eka tibuku to tanihi Ὀνομαστικόν ya Julius Pollux,  swi vula ntsena ku veka bolo ehansi hi voko leri pfulekeke, οὐρανία ( ''ourania'' ), ku hoxiwa ka bolo emoyeni leswaku yi khomiwa hi vatlangi vambirhi kumbe ku tlula; φαινίνδα ( ''phaininda'' ) yi nga vonaka yi ri ntlangu wo khoma lowu tlangiwaka hi vanhu vambirhi kumbe ku tlula, laha ku endla onge ku tirhisiwa tanihi xikambelo xa ku hatlisa ni vutshila. Pollux (ix 104) u boxa ntlangu lowu vuriwaka episkyros (ἐπίσκυρος), lowu hakanyingi a wu langutiwa tanihi masungulo ya bolo ya milenge. Swi vonaka onge a yi tlangiwa hi matlhelo mambirhi, lama hleriweke hi milayeni; leswaku a ku ri na xivumbeko xihi na xihi xa &quot;kora&quot; ku fikela kwihi swi vonaka swi nga tiyiseki..&lt;ref name=&quot;eb19112&quot;&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ball}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A swi nga koteki ku humesa bolo leyi a yi ri xirhendzevutana. hi ku hetiseka;  vana hi ntolovelo va tiendlela tibolo ta vona hiku pfurheta swirhumbana swa nguluve naku swi hisa eka nkuma wa ndzilo kuva swiva xirhendzevutani, hambi leswi Plato (fl. 420s BC – 340s BC) a hlamuseleke &quot;tibolo leti nga na  swifunengeto swa dzovo hi swiphemu swa khume mbirhi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Plato|author-link=Plato|editor=Charles W. Eliot|translator=Benjamin Jowett|title=The Apology, Phædo and Crito of Plato – The Golden Sayings of Epictetus – The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/harvardclassics002elio/page/107|access-date=May 16, 2020|edition=1st|series=The Harvard Classics|volume=2|year=1909|publisher=P. F. Collier and Son|location=New York|page=107|chapter=Phædo (Dialogues of Plato)}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Varhoma va khale ===
Exikarhi ka Varhoma, mintlangu ya bolo ayi langutiwa tani hi xiengetelo eka ku hlambela, naswona ayi thwasiwe kuya hi malembe na rihanyo ra lava hlambaka, naswona hi ntolovelo ndhawu ('sphaeristerium') ayi vekeriwa yona eka swihlambelo (thermae). Swi tikomba onge a ku ri ni mixaka yinharhu kumbe vukulu bya bolo, pila kumbe bolo leyitsongo leyi a yi tirhisiwa eku khomeni ka mintlango, paganica, bolo yo tika leyi nga ni tinsiva ni 'follis', bolo ya dzovo leyi teleke moya, ku nga yona leyikulu eka tinharhu. Leswi a swi biwa ku suka eka mutlangi ku ya eka mutlangi loyi a a ambala muxaka wa 'gauntlet' evokweni. A ku ri na ntlangu lowu a wu tiviwa tanihi 'trigon', lowu tlangiwaka hi vatlangi vanharhu lava yimeke hi xivumbeko xa yinhla nharhu naswona a wu tlangiwa hi 'follis'  naswona  wun’wana lowu tiviwaka tanihi 'harpastum' lowu vonakaka wu vula &quot;scrimmage&quot; exikarhi ka vatlangi vo hlayanyana hikwalaho ka bolo. Mintlangu leyi hi yi tiviwa hi ku tirhisa Varhoma, hambileswi mavito ya kona ku nga ya Xigriki. 

=== Mintlangu ya bolo ya manguva lawa ===
Mintlangu yo hambana-hambana ya manguva lawa leyi tlangiwaka hi bolo kumbe tibolo naswona yi ri ehansi ka milawu yi khomiwa hi mavito ya yona yo hambana-hambana yo tanihi 'polo', khirikhete, bolo ya milenge ni swin’wana 

== Fizikisi ==
Eka [[Tamintlangu|mintlango]], tibolo to tala ta manguva lawa ta tshikileriwa. Van’wana va tshikileriwa efemeni (xikombiso thenisi, squash ) kasi van’wana va tshikileriwa hi vatirhisi (xikombiso volleyball, basketball, bolo ya milenge ). Kwalomu ka tibolo hinkwato leti tshikileleriweke ta khuluka moya hakatsongo-tsongo. Loko bolo yi tshikileriwa efemeni, hi ntolovelo ku ni nawu wa loko bolo yi hlayisa ntshikelelo lowu eneleke leswaku yi tshama yi ri leyi tlangiwaka. Tibolo leti nga hungutiwa ntshikelelo ti pfumala bounce naswona titala ku vuriwa &quot;dead&quot;. Eka swiyimo leswikulu, bolo leyi feke yi hundzuka leyi nga ni xivumbeko xo olova. Loko bolo yi tshikileriwa loko yi tirhisiwa, hi ntolovelo ku na milawu ya ndlela leyi bolo yi tshikileriwaka ha yona emahlweni ka ntlangu, na leswaku bolo yi nga tshikileriwa rini (kumbe loko) yi nga tlhela yi tshikileriwa kumbe ku siviwa.

Ku ya hi 'ideal gas law' ntshikelelo wa bolo i ntirho wa mahiselo, hi ntolovelo wu landzelela swiyimo swa le kusuhi. Tibolo to olova leti biwaka hi matimba (ngopfu ngopfu tibolo ta squash) ti tlakuka hi mahiselo hikokwalaho ka ku tlumbana ka 'inelastic' .

Kuhambana na sweswo eka mintlangu yokarhi bolo yi tiyile, yin’wana yina swilo leswi fanaka (xikombiso, ku hambana ko tala ka 'hockey', 'lacrosse' ), yin’wana yina switirhisiwa swohambana hambana leswinga na maleyara (xikombiso 'baseball', khirikhete ). Eku heteleleni, mintlangu yin’wana yi tirhisa leyi nga ni swirhendzevutana (xikombiso 'sepakktakraw', 'pickleball' na 'floorball' ).&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Xiphemu xo tsemakanya xa mabilomu ya mintlangu&quot;&gt;
File:Cmglee_tennis_ball_interior.jpg|alt=Tennis| Thenisi
File:Golfballinsiderp.jpg| 'Golf'
File:Baseball_center_comparison.jpg|alt=Baseball| 'Baseball' ya xiyimo xa le henhla
&lt;/gallery&gt;Eka mintlangu ya le handle tibolo leti tsakamaka ti tlanga hi ndlela leyi hambaneke na tibolo leti omeke. Eka mintlangu ya le ndzeni tibolo ti nga ha tsakama hikwalaho ka nyuku wa mavoko. Muxaka wun'wana na wun'wana wa ndzhongo  wu ta khumba ku khuhliwa ka bolo leswi nga ta cinca vuswikoti bya mutlangi byo hundzuluxa bolo. Xiendlo lexi lavekaka ku endla leswaku bolo yi rhendzeleka xi lawuriwa hi 'physics' ya 'angular momentum'. Tibolo leti rhendzelekaka emoyeni (hi ndlela ya thekinoloji i xihalaki) ti ta tokota mbuyelo wa 'Magnus', lowu nga humesaka ku voyamela ka le matlhelo ku engetela eka ku voyamisa loku tolovelekeke loku vangiwaka hi ku hlanganisiwa ka Ku siveriwa hi moya na nkoka-misava.


== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==</text>
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    <title>Xipamu</title>
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Xipamu

'''Xipamu''' I xihadyani lexi lumaka kumbe lexi dyaka, Lexi hanyaka kufana na mapume, lexi nga na milenge ya nungu na ncila lowu petsekeke lowu ngana vuxungu kumbe chefu. Xipamu xi kumeka emisaveni hinkwayo (handle ka Antarctica), swivumbiwa leswi swo tiya swi hanye malembe yo tlula 400 wa timiliyoni, swi tshama emananga, makhwatini, ni le tindhawini ta byanyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/scorpion&lt;/ref&gt;

Swipamu I swiharhi leswi hanyaka ngopfu hiku hlota swakudya swa swona, swi tirhisa ncila wa swona ku khoma xiharhi lexi swi dyaka xona ku chela chefu kumbe vuxungu lebyi titivataka. Swi dya switswotswana, swivungu, mikarhi yin'wana swi dya mikolobyani leyi ntsongo kumbe timbeva. Swipamu swi tswala vana lava hanyaka, leswi rhwaliwaka enhlaneni wa manana eka mavhiki ya swona yo sungula.&lt;ref&gt;https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/scorpion&lt;/ref&gt;

Swipamu swi tiyisela hi ndlela yo hlamarisa, swi  kota ku hanya etindhawini to tika swinene, swa swikota ku hanya eka ndhawu leyi hisaka swinene. Eka swiyimo swinwani swa swikota ku hanya ku fikela eka ti'n'wheti ta khume mbirhi swi nga ri na swakudya.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/animal/scorpion&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <title>Xigwitsirisi xa misisi</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-27T17:19:14Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338534866|Hair dryer]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="569" sha1="9r8r1o7xgxhyabkhbj7y4dlfqrxcljt" xml:space="preserve">'''muchini wo omisa misisi''' (muxaka lowu khomiwaka hi voko lowu nakambe wu vuriwaka muchini wo olola misisi) i xitirhisiwa xa gezi lexi hefemulaka moya wa le handle eka tindhawu to hisa kumbe to kufumela eka tona leswaku ku endliwa misisi kumbe ku omisiwa. Switirhisiwa swo omisa misisi swi endla leswaku ku va ni ku lawuriwa ka xivumbeko ni maendlelo ya misisi, hi ku hatlisisa ni ku lawula ku vumbeka ka mi moya ya nkarhinyana endzeni ka ntambhu yin'wana ni yin'wana. Swihlanganisi leswi swa matimba, kambe swa xinkarhana naswona swa olova ku hlaseriwa hi ndzhongo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xingwavila xa ndleve</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338532951|Earring]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1300" sha1="7sz509wdm25r6ih1h12p7041pxcxxad" xml:space="preserve">'''Swingwavila''' i swin'wetsin'wetsi leswi nga ambariwaka etindleve ta munhu. Swingwavila swi tala ku ambariwa loko ku tlhaviwa ndleve, kumbe xiphemu xin'wana xa le handle xa ndleve, kumbe hi tindlela tin'wana. Swingwavila swi ambariwile eka mindhavuko yo tala na hi minkarhi ya matimu, hakanyingi swi ni nkoka wa ndhavuko. Swi  ambariwa hi vavanuna na vavasati.

Tindhawu to tlhava handle ka tindleve ti katsa xihondzo, na ku tsemakanya ndleve. rito ro olova &quot;ku tlhava tindleve&quot; hi ntolovelo ri kombetela eka ku tlhava tindleve, kasi ku tlhava eka xiphemu xa le henhla xa ndleve ya le handle hakanyingi ku vuriwa &quot;ku tlhaviwa ka nxorhonxorho&quot;. Ku boxa nxorhonxorho swi tika ku tlula ku boxa tindleve naswona swi teka nkarhi wo leha ku hola.

Swingwavila swa tindleve swi nga endliwa hi swilo swo hambana-hambana, ku katsa nsimbi, pulasitiki, nghilazi, Ribye ra risima, vuhlalu, timhandzi, marhambu na swilo swin'wana. Swivumbeko swa kona swi sukela eka swiphemu leswitsongo ku ya eka swiphemu leswikulu na swilo leswi hayekiweke. Vukulu bya swona byi pimiwile hi vuswikoti bya ndleve byo khoma xingwavila handle ko handzuka. Hambiswiritano, swingwavila swo tika leswi ambariwaka nkarhi wo leha swi nga endla leswaku ku tlhaviwa ku andza; ku andza ka tindleve na kona ku nga endliwa hi xikongomelo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ngwenya</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340803756|Crocodile]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1849" sha1="c5ieae93e61ugecwtsbbun18uz04ifp" xml:space="preserve">'''Ngwenya''' ( ndyangu wa '''Crocodylidae''' ) kumbe '''ngwenya ya ntiyiso''' i xihadyani lexikulu, lexi hanyaka hi xiphemu xa mati lexi hanyaka eka tindzhawu hinkwato to hisa  e[[Afrika]], [[Axiya|Asia]], Amerika na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] . Rito &quot;crocodile&quot; minkarhi yin’wana ritirhisiwa hiku olova swinene ku katsa swirho hinkwaswo leswinga kona swa xileriso Tingwenya, leswi katsaka ti swinyenyana na tingwenya ta le America (hinkwaswo swirho swa ndyangu wa  Tingwenya leti kumekaku e Amerika ), gharial na gharial ya mavunwal (hinkwaswo swirho swa ndyangu wa Gavialidae ) xikan’we na ti taxa tin’wana letinga nyamalala . Xitsalwana lexi xi ta tirhisa ngwenya kumbe ngwenya ya ntiyiso ku kombetela ntsena eka tinxaka leti katsekaka hi ku hlawuleka kuya hi mintlawa ya swiharhi eka ndyangu wa Crocodylidae, leti nga kona kumbe leti nga nyamalala .

[[Mpimo|Vukulu]] bya tingwenya, xivumbeko xa tona, mahanyelo ni ndlela leyi ti hanyaka swa hambana eka tinxaka . Hambiswiritano, ti na swilo swo fana eka tindhawini leti. Tingwenya hinkwato i swiharhi leswi hanyaka matini ni le misaveni naswona ti tala ku hlengeletana eka tindzhawu ta mati yo tenga tofana na milambu, mativa, tindzhawu ta mati naswona minkarhi yin'wana eka mati ya munyu na mati ya munyu . I swiharhi leswi dyaka nyama, swidya ngopfu swihadyani swa marhambu ya nhloko swofana na tihlampfi, swihadyani leswi hahaka, swinyenyani na swihadyani leswi mamisaka, naswona minkarhi yin’wana swidya swihadyani leswinga riki na marhambu ya nhloko swofana na ti molluscs nati crustaceans, kuya hi muxaka na malembe na malembe ya tona. Tingwenya hinkwato i tinxaka ta le tindhawini leti hisaku , ku hambana ni ti- alligator, ti nga ni vuxiyaxiya swinene eka xirhami . Tinxaka to tala ti le khombyeni ro hela, tin'wana ti hlawuriwile tanihi leti nga ekhombyeni lerikulu ro herisiwa .</text>
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    <title>Tanga wa swiharhi</title>
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      <comment>Added a new page</comment>
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      <text bytes="1280" sha1="9j77mnbe85n21verc3y38qpfp56kjxd" xml:space="preserve">Tanga wa swiharhi

'''AfrikaDzonga''' i kaya ra 19 wa mintanga ya swiharhi leyi lawuriwaka hi south African National parks(SANParks).Hi leti landzelaka:Kruger National Park yinwana yati ndzhawu letikulu ta swiharhi eAfrika leyi tivekaka hi bi big 5(Nghala,yingwe,tinyarhi,ndlopfu,rhino) na ti ecosystems to hambana hambana.Table mountain National Park ndhawu ya ndzhaka ya misava ya UNESCO,leyi nga na xifaniso xa table mountain.cape point, na swimilana na swiharhi swo hambana hambana . Addo Elephant Nstional Park, yi sirhelela tindlopfu to tlula 600 naswona yi nyika ku voniwa ka big 7.Kgalagadi Transfrntier park. I phaka leyikulu endzilakaneni wa Afrikadzonga na Botswana, leyi tivekaku hiti ndhaku ta mananga ya kalahari.Ntanga wa Rixaka ra mapungubwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=HOOGEWERF |first=ANTONIA |date=2020-06-07 |title=SAFARI THROUGH SOUTH AFRICA - II KRUGER NATIONAL PARK |url=https://doi.org/10.36094/sc.v86.2020.safari_south_africa.hoogewerf.175 |journal=Science and Culture |volume=86 |issue=5-6 |pages=175 |doi=10.36094/sc.v86.2020.safari_south_africa.hoogewerf.175 |issn=0036-8156}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) young female Kruger 2.jpg|center|thumb|250x250px]]


== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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  <page>
    <title>Sekwa</title>
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      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxile papila ra sekwa</comment>
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      <text bytes="2155" sha1="5b2vg72zdmcqsubefed7aqaa05qvif6" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Wood_duck_drake_vocalizing_in_Central_Park_(86815).jpg|thumb|lexi i xifaniso xa sekwa]]
'''sekwa''' i xiharhi  lexi welaka eka xaka ra [[swinyenyani]] xi  fana nyana ni huku lexi ngana tipapa na swona xikumeka ngopfu emapurasini na le nhoveni  na swona xirhandza kuhlambela .Sekwa i xiharhi lexi kotaka ku bebula vana hi ndlela yo tshikela matandza kutani matandza ya ta tlhotlhorha endzaku ka masiku ya makume mbirhi nhungu. loko swisekwani switlhotlhorini swifamba na mana wa swona na swona swi famba hi ntlawa wa swona aswi siyani naswona mana wa swona u kota kuswi vhikela eka swikokovi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What To Feed Ducks (Instead of Bread)|url=https://www.petmd.com/wildlife/what-to-feed-ducks|website=www.petmd.com|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sekwa ra swikota ku hanya kwalomu ka makume mbirhi wa malembe. masekwa yadya swakudya swofana na mabyasi,misinya yoka yinga tinyangi, tihlampfi, mbewu, switsotso,na swinwana swotala. masekwa ma teka karhi wa mona wo tala makha mahlambela no swona mana mahlo ya kahle naswona maswi kota ku vona endzeni ka mati .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=10 Facts About Ducks|url=https://www.four-paws.org.za/campaigns-topics/topics/farm-animals/10-facts-about-ducks|website=FOUR PAWS in South Africa - Animal Welfare Organisation|date=2022-02-15|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masekwa mana milomu yoleha ya xitshopani naswona milenge ya wona ya na ti webe leti ti pfunaka masekwa leswaku ya kota ku hlambela kahle naswona masekwa mana milenge onge i marhengwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why Ducks Have Webbed Feet: Understanding Unique Adaptations|url=https://www.divebombindustries.com/blogs/news/why-ducks-have-webbed-feet-understanding-unique-adaptations|website=Dive Bomb Industries|date=2025-02-07|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sekwa i nyama ya kahle yo nandzika swinene na swona ya xavisiwa eka tindhawu to hlaya nyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ducks: A Potted History|url=https://britishfoodhistory.com/2011/10/12/ducks-a-potted-history/|website=British Food: A History|date=2011-10-13|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nhutlwa</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3225" sha1="baxp220hlfdvq5nuykt25vq0o5pb3ji" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Giraffe_2019-07-28.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Nhutlwa]]
'''Nhutlwa''' i [[xiharhi]] xa nhova lexi mamisaka xo leha kutlula swiharhi swinwana,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Giraffe Facts {{!}} Mammals {{!}} BBC Earth|url=https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/mammals/giraffe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260210002229/https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/mammals/giraffe|archive-date=2026-02-10|access-date=2026-02-27|website=www.bbcearth.com|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona xikumeka e tikweni-nkulu ra Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Nowak|first=Ronald M.|title=Walker's mammals of the world|date=1999|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5789-8|edition=6th ed|location=Baltimore|pages=1086–1089|language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hi ntolovelo, tinhutlwa a ti tekiwa ti ri muxaka wun'we, Kamba vulavisisi bya manguva lawa byi komba leswaku  kuna tinxaka ta mune ta tinhutlwa leti ta ha hanyaka, nakambe kuna tsevu ya tinxaka ta tinhutlwa leti nga ha riki kona, let tsumburiweke hi ku ya hi rhekhodo ya masalela ya marhambu ya swilo leswi feke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Are there different types of giraffe? - Giraffe Conservation Foundation|url=https://giraffeconservation.org/facts-about-giraffe/are-there-different-types-of-giraffe/|date=2024-11-08|access-date=2026-02-27|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swihlawulekisi swa tinhutlwa i minkolo ya tona yo leha swinene na milenge, tindleve to fana na timhondzo, na mavalavala ya nhlonge yo hlawuleka naswona yo hambana kuya hi nhutlwa yin’wana na yin’wana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tinhutlwa kumeka ku suka e[[Chad]] en'walungwini ku ya eAfrika Dzonga edzongeni na ku suka eNiger evupeladyambu ku ya e[[Somalia]] evuxeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Not all giraffe are the same - Giraffe Conservation Foundation|url=https://giraffeconservation.org/giraffe-species/|date=2024-11-08|access-date=2026-02-27|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swakudya swa tona i matluka, mihandzu na swiluva swa swimilana swa timhandzi, ngopfu-ngopfu nsinya wa nsasane, lowu ti wu dyaka eka tindhawu leti tlakukeke leti swiharhi swin'wana leswi dyaka swimilana swi nga swi kotiki ku ti fikelela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Resources and Habitat Requirements for Giraffes’ (Giraffa camelopardalis) Diet Selection in the Northwestern Kalahari, South Africa|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2188|journal=Animals|date=2023-07-03|issn=2076-2615|pmc=10339880|pmid=37443986|pages=2188|volume=13|issue=13|doi=10.3390/ani13132188|language=en|first=Francois|last=Deacon|first2=Gert Nicolaas|last2=Smit|first3=Andri|last3=Grobbelaar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinhutlwa ti dyiwa hi swiharhi swofana na tinghala, tiyingwe, timfenhe na timbyana ta nhova ta le Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tinhutlwa ti tshama eka mintlhambi ya ta xisati leti yelanaka, leyi nga riki na ta xinuna leti kuleke. Tinhutlwa ta xinuna ti simeka xiyimo xa vunhenha hi ku tlula-tlula, ti thlela ti tirhisa tinhamu tanihi tlhari ro lwa hi rona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Giraffes Prefer a Fair Fight|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/17/science/giraffes-fighting.html|work=The New York Times|date=2021-09-17|access-date=2026-02-27|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Joshua Rapp|last=Learn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Xigaza</title>
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      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra Xigaza</comment>
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'''Xigaza'''

Xigaza xi kombetela eka muxaka lowu dumeke wa vuyimbeleri bya Xitsonga byo tirhisa swachayachayani swo tirhisa gezi eAfrika-Dzonga , lowu humaka eka rito leri vulaka xifundzhankulu xa Gaza  emozambique . Hi xitsonga , yi hlamusela ndlela ya vanhu va Gaza hakanyingi yi kombisa xitayili xo karhi na  ndhavuko&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cooper|first=B. Lee|date=2014-07-17|title=Rock; Greatest Hits; Songs Our Daddy Taught Us: A Journey into the Roots of the Everly Brothers … and American Music|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19401159.2014.939454|journal=Rock Music Studies|volume=3|issue=1|pages=122–124|doi=10.1080/19401159.2014.939454|issn=1940-1159}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]], vunanga bya Xitsonga byi vuriwa “Xigaza/Xichangani”, kambe eMozambique a byi vitani Xigaza na Xichangani. Se Vatsonga eAfrika-Dzonga va wu teka kwihi moya wo lebula vunanga bya Xitsonga tani hi Xichangani/Xigaza? Kuna tinxakantsongo to hambana ta vuyimbeleri bya Xitsonga na ncino wa Xitsonga, kambe “wa Xigaza/Xichangani” yi tirhisiwa tani hi ambulense tag eka vuyimbeleri na ncino wa hina. Xana hi vula leswaku emahlweni ka rixaka ra Gaza ra Nxumalo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cooper|first=B. Lee|date=2014-07-17|title=Rock; Greatest Hits; Songs Our Daddy Taught Us: A Journey into the Roots of the Everly Brothers … and American Music|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19401159.2014.939454|journal=Rock Music Studies|volume=3|issue=1|pages=122–124|doi=10.1080/19401159.2014.939454|issn=1940-1159}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vatsonga a ri nga ri na vuyimbeleri na ku cina? Xikombiso, ti label to fana na Shangaan Disco ti tirhisiwa ku lebula vuyimbeleri lebyi nga riki na vuxaka na ndyangu wo karhi. Va Ndwandwe a hi vona va ri tumbuluxaka. I mani endyangwini wa ka Soshangani loyi a tumbuluxeke vuyimbeleri bya Disco? Kumbe Nghunghunyani hi yena a nga kuma makhwaya loko a dakwile? Loko hakunene vuyimbeleri bya Vatsonga byi fanele ku vitaniwa hi mavito ya vakokwa wa vanhu van’wana, kutani vunanga bya Benny Mayengani byi fanele ku va bya Xigulukhulu, vunanga bya Dr. Chauke byi fanele byi va vuyimbeleri bya Xihlengwe/Xinyori, bya George Maluleke byi fanele byi va vuyimbeleri bya Xin’wanati na swin’wana. Ku Shangaanisation ka vuyimbeleri na ncino wa Xitsonga a hi xihoxo, i project leyi endleriweke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cooper|first=B. Lee|date=2014-07-17|title=Rock; Greatest Hits; Songs Our Daddy Taught Us: A Journey into the Roots of the Everly Brothers … and American Music|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19401159.2014.939454|journal=Rock Music Studies|volume=3|issue=1|pages=122–124|doi=10.1080/19401159.2014.939454|issn=1940-1159}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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        <id>7881</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3041" sha1="5j0lp1rk0h4lzqia38c48pik4tnu2b5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Hail_thunderstorm_in_Romans-sur-Isère.webm|thumb|Lexi i xifaniso xa xihangu xa gamboko.]]
'''Xihangu''' i muxaka wa mpfula leyi naka hi matimba, mpfula leyi yita na moya kumbe bubutsa. Xihangu xiheleketiwa hi rihati, ridzinda na gamboko. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Thunderstorm {{!}} Definition, Types, Structure, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/thunderstorm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260225025521/https://www.britannica.com/science/thunderstorm|archive-date=2026-02-25|access-date=2026-02-27|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of STORM|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/storm|website=www.merriam-webster.com|date=2026-02-25|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xihangu hi xin'wana xa timhangu ta ntumbuluko, hixitalo khombo leri ri siya vanhu vari hava ko etlela no herisa vutomi bya vanhu. Kuna tinxaka to tala ta xihangu, nxaka yin'wani i mpfula ya xihuhuri xa matimba, lexi xi hahlulaka na malwangu. Hi lembe ra 2017 xihangu lexi vitaniweke hi vito ra Irma xi hlaserile a tikweni ra [[Puerto Rico]] laha kunga lova vanhu vo ringana magidi ma nharhu, naswona xi endla leswaku miako yi onhaka leswi nga endla leswaku ku hakeriwa ti miliyoni ta ti dolara ku lunghisa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Dangers of Storm Surge and Flooding {{!}} NOAA's Office of Response &amp; Restoration Blog|url=https://blog.response.restoration.noaa.gov/dangers-storm-surge-and-flooding|website=blog.response.restoration.noaa.gov|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xihangu hi xin'wana xa timhangu ta ntumbuluko, hixitalo khombo leri ri siya vanhu vari hava ko etlela no herisa vutomi bya vanhu. Kuna tinxaka to tala ta xihangu, nxaka yin'wani i mpfula ya xihuhuri xa matimba, lexi xi hahlulaka na malwangu. Hi lembe ra 2017 xihangu lexi vitaniweke hi vito ra Irma xi hlaserile a tikweni ra Puerto Rico laha kunga lova vanhu vo ringana magidi ma nharhu, naswona xi endla leswaku miako yi onhaka leswi nga endla leswaku ku hakeriwa ti miliyoni ta ti dolara ku lunghisa.  leri ari humeleri ntsena a matikweni mambe, kambe na kwala Afrika Dzonga khombo leri ri endleka swinene ku hundza ndlela leyi hi anakanyaka hi kona, e xifundzheninkulu xa [[Limpopo]] e dorobeni ra [[Phalaborwa]] hi lembe ra 2026 Sunguti, ku vile na xihangu lexi nga vanga nkhuluko wa mati hiku hindza mpimo, laha cutomi bya vanhu na kona byinga lahleka, vanhu va lova tindlu ta vona tinga hahluka, mapatu a R71 na patu ra Mica ma onhakile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hurricane Maria's devastation of Puerto Rico {{!}} NOAA Climate.gov|url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/hurricane-marias-devastation-puerto-rico|website=www.climate.gov|date=2018-08-01|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en|archive-date=2025-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009204618/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/hurricane-marias-devastation-puerto-rico|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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  <page>
    <title>Nkoka wa Dyangu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7783</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41125</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T09:17:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pam Gavaza08</username>
        <id>12528</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxile papila ra nkoka wa dyangu</comment>
      <origin>41125</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2828" sha1="66l4lmqd060f1qcsk589guqngz153vm" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Inupiat_Family_from_Noatak,_Alaska,_1929,_Edward_S._Curtis_(restored).jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa dyangu]]
'''Nkoka wa Dyangu''' i xisekelo xa vutomi bya munhu. Loko munhu a tswariwa, u sungula ku hanya exikarhi ka dyangu leri n’wi kurisaka, ri n’wi letela naswona ri n’wi pfuna ku tiva leswaku i mani. Nkoka wa [[dyangu]] i wukulu swinene hikuva hi wona lowu vumbaka vumunhu, mahanyelo ni mahanyiselo ya hina siku ni siku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Time = Life = Family|url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216399780.ch-014|journal=Before I Go|date=2007|pages=25–25|doi=10.5040/9798216399780.ch-014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Loko vatswari va rhandza vana va vona, va va dyondzisa ku hlonipha, ku tshembheka ni ku tirha hi matimba, vana va kula va ri ni mahanyelo lamanene. Swin’wana leswi hi swi dyondzaka ekaya swi tshama na hina vutomi hinkwabyo. Hikokwalaho, dyangu wu na nkoka eku vumbekeni ka vumunhu bya munhu. Swina nkoka swinene kuva eku suhi na dyangu swi pfulela na ti ndlela eka swotala swa vutomi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Why it is important to create powerful brands|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080476919-8|publisher=Routledge|work=Creating Powerful Brands|date=2012-11-27|access-date=2026-02-28|isbn=978-0-08-047691-9|pages=17–33}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ekaya hi kona laha hi kumaka rirhandzu ni nsirhelelo. Loko hi ri ni swiphiqo, hi kota ku tshemba vatswari, vamakwerhu kumbe maxaka leswaku va hi pfuna. Dyangu wu hi nyika matimba ya ku langutana ni mintlhontlho ya vutomi hikuva ha swi tiva leswaku a hi hexe.Dyangu wu tlhela wuva na xiave lexikulu eka swatidyondzo. Vatswari va khutaza vana ku ya exikolweni ni ku tirha hi matimba leswaku va ta va ni vumundzuku lebyinene. Loko dyangu ri seketela, vana va kota ku fikelela milorho ya vona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|date=1975-09-01|issn=1873-2968|pmid=10|pages=1639–1641|volume=24|issue=17|first=A.|last=Schmoldt|first2=H. F.|last2=Benthe|first3=G.|last3=Haberland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nkoka wun’wana wa dyangu i ku hlayisa ndhavuko ni mikhuva ya rixaka. Vatswari va dyondzisa vana ririmi, mikhuva, ni tidyondzo ta nkoka leti hundzaka ku suka eka vatukulu ku ya eka vatukulu. Loko dyangu ri tiya, ndhavuko a wu lahleki hi ku olova. Dyangu wu tlhela wu va na xiave lexi kulu eka swa tidyondzo.  Hi ku gimeta, nkoka wa dyangu a wu nge pimiwi hi nchumu. Dyangu i masungulo ya vutomi, i ndhawu ya rirhandzu, ya ndhavuko ni ya nseketelo. Loko hi hlayisa ni ku xixima dyangu ra hina, hi aka rixaka leri tiyeke ni vumundzuku lebyi vonakaka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Life Lessons|url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216019138.ch-004|journal=Storied Dishes|date=2010|pages=81–106|doi=10.5040/9798216019138.ch-004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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  <page>
    <title>Riqingho rale nyongeni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7784</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41127</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T09:20:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malender911</username>
        <id>12516</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxile papila ra riqingho rale nyongeni</comment>
      <origin>41127</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2989" sha1="lxp4kp7ixso60twbyo6hxkn365gjeus" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg|thumb|Lexi i xifaniso xa riqingho rale nyongeni]]
'''Riqingho rale nyongeni''' i xitirhisiwa lexi vanhu va xi tirhisaka ku tihlanganisa na vanhu van'wana lava nga ekule na vona, va mga ha xi tirhisa ku rhumela mahungu, mali kumbe ku vulavula karhi wihi na wihi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mobile phone {{!}} Communication and Mass Media {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|access-date=2026-02-27|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ku na tinxaka to hambana ta tiqingho leti ya ka ti ndlandlamuka hi ku famba ka mikarhi. Tiqingho ta masiku lawa ta swikota leswaku munhu a rhumela swithombhe, ntisimu hambi ku ri imeyili hi ku tirhisa ithante.

Riqingho ri na nkoka swinene hikuva ri tisile ku olova evuton'wini bya vanhu hikuva vanhu va swikota ku vulavula na va ndyangu kumbe varhandziwa va vona va ri eka ndhawu yihi kumbe yihi naswona hi karhi wihi kumbe wihi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Positive Effects of Cell Phones|url=https://prezi.com/byeaztujanvj/the-positive-effects-of-cell-phones/%20%20-|access-date=2026-02-27|website=prezi.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Vana va xikolo va swikota ku tirhisa riqingho ku endla vulavusisi bya vuxokoxoko mayelana na swa tidyondzo. Riqingho ra swikota ku endla leswaku munhu ava na [[mphyuphyo wa miehleketo]] hi ku va a yingisela tisimu, ku vona ti vhidiyo kumbe ku tlanga swa mitlangu . Loko ku ri masiku lawa aswa ha talanga leswaku munhu a lahleka hikuva riqingho  ra swi kota ku komba swiletelo swa le magondzweni.

Hambiswiritano, loko munhu a tirhisa riqingho ngopfu swi nga va na mbuyelo wo ka wu nga ri kahle. Riqingho ri nga kavanyeta vana va xikolo eka swa tidyondzo ta vona ti tlhela ti va tlangisela karhi. Riqingho ri nga va na switandzhaku swo biha eka rihanyu ra munhu tanihi leswi a tshamelaka yona &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Do Cellphones Affect Students in School?|url=https://www.panoramaed.com/blog/how-do-cellphones-affect-students-in-school|access-date=2026-02-27|website=www.panoramaed.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Riqingho ri kanganyisa ku etlela &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The adverse impact of excessive smartphone screen-time on sleep quality among young adults: A prospective cohort|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8776263/|journal=Sleep Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil)|date=2021|issn=1984-0659|pmc=8776263|pmid=35087630|pages=337–341|volume=14|issue=4|doi=10.5935/1984-0063.20200114|first=Daneyal|last=Arshad|first2=Usaid Munir|last2=Joyia|first3=Sadaf|last3=Fatima|first4=Noor|last4=Khalid|first5=Anser Ikram|last5=Rishi|first6=Naimat Ullah Abdul|last6=Rahim|first7=Syed Faheem|last7=Bukhari|first8=Gulfam Khan|last8=Shairwani|first9=Ahmed|last9=Salmaan}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona ri nga endla leswaku munhu a va na swiphiqo swa mahlo hambi ku ri ku nyuhwela hi mukhuva wo chavisa. Vanhu vanwana va ha ri hava karhi wa ku vulavula na van'wana hi nyama. Swi na nkoka ku va vanhu va tirhisa riqingho hi vutlharhi na vukheta.

Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke
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    <title>Vafana va salela endzhaku eka ti mhaka ta xikolo</title>
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      <id>41128</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T09:21:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Matlhavani</username>
        <id>12515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra vafana va salela endzhaku eka ti mhaka ta xikolot</comment>
      <origin>41128</origin>
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'''Vafana va salela endzhaku eka ti mhaka ta xikolo'''.Vafana kumbe mufana i n’wana wa xinuna kumbe muntshwa hi tlhelo ku salela endzhaku i ku tsandzeka ku ya emahlweni hi rivilo leyi nga faniku na van'wana. Xikolo i miako kumbe xivandla xo dyondzisa vana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ross|first=Peter|date=2021-01-12|title=They’re everywhere: New study finds polyester fibres throughout the Arctic Ocean|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aam.ucnmxf7yx|access-date=2026-02-28|website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku vilerisiwa hi leswaku vafana, eka swiyimo swin’wana, va sale endzhaku eka vanhwanyana eka ku humelela ka dyondzo, ku nghenelela, kumbe mimpimo yo hetisa.Ku salela edzhaku loku ku vangiwa hi swivangelo swo tala swin'wana ku nga matirhelo ya le hansi ya tidyondzo (ku hlaya na ku tsala ngopfungopfu), mimpimo ya le henhla ya ku tshika xikolo, ku xupuriwa ngopfu loko va dyohile na ku yimisiwa kumbe ku hlongoriwa exikolweni, mimpimo ya le hansi ya ku tsarisa eyunivhesiti na ku nghenelela lokutsongo kumbe nsusumeto eka timhaka ta swa xikolo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Conchas|first=Gilberto Q.|title=15. Understanding the Exceptions|date=2020-12-31|work=Adolescent Boys|pages=317–337|url=https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479872572.003.0021|access-date=2026-02-28|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=978-1-4798-7257-2|last2=Noguera|first2=Pedro A.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku na ku vilela lokukulu hikuva ematikweni yo hlayanyana  ku katsa na [[Amerikha|United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Khanada|Canada]], na [[Austria|Australia]]  datha yi kombisile leswaku vafana va tala ku phindha tigiredi, vafana va kuma milandzu yo tala ya ndzayo ya xikolo, Vanhwanyana va tala ku tlula vafana eka tidyondzo to fana na ririmi, vutshila na vutivi bya vanhu.Nhlayo ya vafana lava salelaku ndhaku yo nyanya lembe na lembe naswona a ku na swotala swi yendliwaka ku enhlisa tinhlayo leti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2004|title=Paige Announces 2004 No Child Left Behind Blue Ribbon Schools: Schools Across the Nation Show Improvement Under No Child Left Behind: No Child Left Behind Helps Ensure all Children are Learning|url=https://doi.org/10.1037/e471792006-001|access-date=2026-02-28|website=PsycEXTRA Dataset}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Durlak|first=Joseph A.|date=2007|title=No Child Left Behind? More Accurately, Many Children Still Left Behind|url=https://doi.org/10.1037/a0006425|journal=PsycCRITIQUES|volume=52|issue=11|doi=10.1037/a0006425|issn=1554-0138}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Mintirho ya mavoko</title>
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    <id>7786</id>
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      <id>41379</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-03T00:12:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>41379</origin>
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      <text bytes="1341" sha1="aon50bz5d7pts1l29s8xiw6ibgl6gqj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Matchfit_Plumbing_Competition.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa n'wanuna]]
'''Mitirho ya Mavoko''' i mintirho  yin'wana na yin'wana leyi tirhiwaka hi vanhu, hi xikongomelo xo lava ku ti hanyisa.

Mintirho leyi yi tiveka tani hi mintirho leyo tika, hikuva yi tirhiwa hi vavanuna hi xitalo. Xikombiso xa mintirho leyi ku ngava ku ba switina, ku rima, ku tsema tihunyi, niku aka tiyindlu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CareerAddict {{!}} Kickstart and Advance Your Career|url=https://www.careeraddict.com/|website=CareerAddict|date=2025-10-17|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Money|url=https://money.howstuffworks.com/|website=HowStuffWorks|date=2006-01-29|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mintirho leyi yi vuriwa yo tika, hikonkwalaho ka kuva yi tirhiwa ku vava kambe yi nga hakeli. hikonkwalaho  ka ku vava ka yona mintirho leyi  vavansati a switalanga leswaku va yi tirha. [[Mintirho]] leyi vavanuna vayi tirha hikonkwalaho ka ku chava ku vuriwa va mahlalela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ResearchGate {{!}} Find and share research|url=https://www.researchgate.net/|website=ResearchGate|access-date=2026-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224023324/https://www.researchgate.net/|archive-date=2026-02-24|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke
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    <title>SWISIWANA(ORPHANS)</title>
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    <id>7787</id>
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      <id>41130</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T09:22:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndlumu</username>
        <id>12523</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe papila  ra swasiwana</comment>
      <origin>41130</origin>
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      <text bytes="3105" sha1="q8s2es0cxm9wjbi3boxn50lm4bvs1oq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World_Orphans_Day.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa swisiwana]]
'''SWISIWANA(ORPHANS)''' i munhu kumbe vanhu lava loveriweke hi vatswari hi vambirhi ka vona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=orphan|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/orphan|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|date=2026-02-25|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku na tinxaka tinharhu ta swisiwana,  hina xisawana xo lovela hi  mutswari wunwe , xisiwana xo loveriwa hi vatswari hiva mbirhi ka vona na xisiwana lexi nga riki na vatswari va ntshamisano Nhlayo ya vana lava nga riki na vatswari emisaveni hinkwayo yi hlamarisa swinene. Afrika-Dzonga ra le Dzongeni wa Sahara ri ni nhlayo leyikulu ya vana lava nga riki na vatswari, ngopfu-ngopfu hikwalaho ka ntungu wa HIV/AIDS, timholovo ni vusweti. Asia, leri nga ni vaaki vo tala, ri tlhela ri va ni nhlayo leyikulu ya vana lava feriweke hi mutswari un’we kumbe havambirhi. Le [[Europa Island|Yuropa]] Vuxa, ndzhaka ya ku vekiwa ka nhlangano ni ku nonon’hweriwa ka ikhonomi endzhaku ka ku wa ka [[Soviet Union]] yi endle leswaku ku va ni nhlayo leyikulu ya vana lava kulelaka etindlwini ta vana lava nga riki na vatswari leti lawuriwaka hi mfumo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Understanding the African Orphan Crisis and Embrace Relief’s Life-Changing Support|url=https://www.embracerelief.org/understanding-the-african-orphan-crisis-and-embrace-reliefs-life-changing-support/|website=Embrace Relief Foundation|date=2025-09-25|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US|last=Ali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakanyingi xivangelo xa ku va xisiwana xi lawula muxaka wa ntlhontlho. Eka ndhawu leyi onhiweke hi nyimpi, n’wana la nga riki na vatswari a nga ha va a ri karhi a lwisana ni ku vaviseka ni ku rhurhisiwa. Eka muganga lowu onhiweke hi vuvabyi, va nga ha va va langutane ni gome ra ku lahlekeriwa hi swirho swo tala swa ndyangu ni ku soriwa loku fambisanaka ni vuvabyi lebyi.Vuyelo bya ku lahlekeriwa hi nkhathalelo wa vatswari byi tlula swinene ku vava ka mintlhaveko ka ku lahlekeriwa. Swi tumbuluxa nxaxamelo wa mintlhontlho leyi nga khumbaka xiphemu xin’wana na xin’wana xa ku kula ka n’wana.Ku Vaviseka ka Miehleketo na Mintlhaveko: Ku lahlekeriwa hi xivumbeko xo sungula xa ku namarhela i xilondza lexikulu xa miehleketo. Vana va nga ha va ni gome, ku vilela, ntshikilelo ni ku titwa lokukulu ka ku nga sirhelelekanga. Ku vaviseka loku ku nga nyanyisiwa hi swiyimo swa ku lahlekeriwa ka vona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Orphanages in Africa: Challenges &amp; How to Help Orphans {{!}} BWA|url=https://africanrelief.org/how-to-help-orphans-in-africa/|website=Bread and Water for Africa|date=2025-04-08|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en|first=Bread and Water For|last=Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuhlayisi bya Ndyangu lowu Ndyangu lowu N Rirhandzu (Foster Care): Ku veka n'wana endyangwini leyi yiri eku wike na leyike e ku ya vona. Leswi swi swi nyika'wana leswi nga heriki na loko wa vakinshipu koteki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CHILD WELFARE TSHWANE {{!}} Help them reach their full potential.|url=https://childwelfare.co.za/|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke
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    <title>Inter Miami</title>
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        <id>7881</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>41376</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2882" sha1="f5fk4mbpxfo3fkn107hw2ddnj86bm9u" xml:space="preserve">[[File:NE_Revolution_Inter_Miami_7.9.25-056.jpg|thumb|Lexi i xifaniso xa xipano xa Inter Miami]]
'''Inter Miami CF''' i xipano xa ntlangu wa [[bolo]] ya milenge  lexi kumekaka e tikweni ra Florida eAmerica lexinga sungula hi nhenha ya ntlangu wa bolo ya milenge David Beckham.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIFA World Cup News: Football Scores, Fixtures, Match Results, Stats &amp; Latest Updates|url=https://www.fifaworldcupnews.com/|date=2026-02-28|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inter Miami I xipano xa bolo ya milenge ya le Amerika lexi ngana ntokoto swinene, Xipano lexi xi kumeka e ndhawini ya metropolitan ya Miami. Xipano lexi xi tlanga eka Major League Soccer (MLS) tanihi xirho xa khonferense ya Nwalungu. Inter Miami yi tlanga mintlangu ya yona ya le kaya eChase Stadium, naswona xina makungu yo ya eMiami Freedom Park hi 2026.

Hi January 29, 2018, MLS yi amukele hi ndlela ya ximfumo ntlawa lowuntshwa eMiami. Xipano xi koke misava hinkwayo rinoko eku  sunguleni ka xona hikwalaho ka ku va na Beckham tanihi murhangeri, nakambe vaseketeri vatlhela va koka rinoko hi loko xipano xi sayisa Lionel Messi mahala hi lembe ra 2023. Ku sukela loko ntlawa wu sungula ku tlanga hi nkarhi wa 2020, xipano xii sayinile vatlangi vo tala lava vangana ntokoto vo tanihi Blaise Matuidi, Gonzalo Higuaín, Sergio Busquets, Jordi Alba, na Luis Suárez.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ESPN India - Serving Sports Fans. Anytime. Anywhere.|url=https://www.espn.in/|website=ESPN|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inter Miami CF yi wine mphikizano wa Supporters' Shield lembe leri nga hundza, yi veka rekhodo ya MLS ya tipoyiinti yo tala hi xinkarhana xin’we, kambe yi humesiwile hi ku titsongahata eka ti playoffs eka Round 1.Mukaputeni wa xipanu yena Lionell Messi unsa rhekhodi leyi landzelaka eka xipano xa Inter Miami.&lt;ref&gt;Ndzi tumbuluxe Atikili ya xipano xa Inter Miami&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Nxaxameto wa matirhrlo ya Messi ya 2025:'''

* Mintlangu leyi ayi tlangeke: 49
* Tigoli (Goals): 43
* Tinhlayiso (Assists): 28 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AWorldofSoccer.com: All The International Soccer Information You Need|url=https://www.aworldofsoccer.com/|website=www.aworldofsoccer.com|access-date=2026-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260201133418/https://www.aworldofsoccer.com/|archive-date=2026-02-01|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Va landzeli va Inter Miami sweswi va nga xava jesi ya le kaya ya pinki ya Inter Miami CF First Team Euforia kumbe jesi ya le ndhawini ya le handle ya ntima ya Fortitude, leyi nga na nyeleti ya silivhere leyi vekiweke ehenhla ka logo ya Inter Miami CF ku kombisa Ntlangu wo sungula wa MLS Cup lowu wu winiweke hi Inter Miami CF eka matimu ya Xipano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=intermiamicf|url=https://www.intermiamicf.com/|website=intermiamicf|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en|last=intermiamicf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>f5fk4mbpxfo3fkn107hw2ddnj86bm9u</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyarhi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7789</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41132</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T09:24:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thulani Admire</username>
        <id>12531</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra nyarhi .</comment>
      <origin>41132</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2953" sha1="9baetc8k6y641kax2oyd33uabd9733v" xml:space="preserve">[[File:029_African_buffalo_in_the_Serengeti_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg|thumb|Lexi i xifaniso xa nyarhi]]
'''Nyarhi''' I Xiharhi xa ndzhovo ro ndzhiva ro ntima , xina timondzo timbirhi to bendela henhla , xina milenge ya mune  xitlhela xiva na ncila . Nyarhi yi kumeka e[[Afrika|Africa]] , [[Asia]] na [[Amerikha|America]] .Nyarhi i xiharhi lexi yelanaku na homu hi xivumbeko  xa kona kambe xona  xi lehile nyana ka homu.I xiharhi xo hanya e nhoveni naswona xihanya hiku dya mabyansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Animals|url=https://www.ifaw.org/international/animals|access-date=2026-02-27|website=IFAW|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nyarhi i xinwani xa swiharhi leswi swi welaka eka ntlhawa wa ntlhanu wa swiharhi leswi nkulu e Africa,hikuva nyarhi yi tekiwa tanihi xinwana   xa swiharhi leswi nga nikhombo swinene ni leswaku aswi olovangi kuxi hlota ukha ufamba hi milenge .Tinyarhi titala kukumela hi ntlawa ku kota kuti sirhelela eka khombho ra maphisa, tinghala na yingwe.Nyarhi ayi voni kahle swinene leswi endlaka yiva na mahanyelo moka malanguteriwiki ku yita ti vhikela eka swivandzani.Nyarhi ayi chavi hiku olova eka swiharhi  swa swivandzani hikuva loko Nghala yilava ku hlasela yona yilwa hi matimba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wright|first=Jeremiah|date=2022-06-25|title=Why African Buffalos Are Among Africa's Big Five and Their Unique Traits|url=https://a-z-animals.com/animals/buffalo/why-african-buffalos-are-among-africas-big-five-and-their-unique-traits/|access-date=2026-02-27|website=A-Z Animals|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinyarhi ta hanya hikuva i swiharhi leswi cinca-cincaka swinene leswi kotaka ku hanya eka tindzhawu totala to hambana hambana tofana na tindzhawu ta byanyi, makhwati na swinambyana . Ti kota ku dya swimilani swohambana hambana, ngopfu ngopfu byanyi, leswi ti pfunaka ku kuma swakudya hambiloko swiyimo swi cinca. Hi tinguva to oma, tinga famba mpfhuka woleha ti lava mati na tindzhawu to risa leti tengeke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Chiariotti A&quot;[Author] - Search Results - PubMed|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chiariotti%20A%22%5BAuthor%5D|access-date=2026-02-27|website=PubMed|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.Titlhela ti lulamisa mintirho ya tona ya siku na siku leswaku tita langutana na kuhisa na maxelo, ti wisa endzhutini himinkarhi yo hisa naswona ti famba famba ngopfu loko ku kufumela. Vuswikoti lebyi byo tolovela tindhawu leti cinca-cincaka byi pfuna tinyarhi leswaku ti papalata ndlala, ku heleriwa hi mati emirini ni makhombo man’wana, leswi endlaka leswaku ti kota ku hanya ekhwatini&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Marai|first=I. F. M.|last2=Haeeb|first2=A. A. M.|date=2010-02-01|title=Buffalo's biological functions as affected by heat stress — A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141309002777|journal=Livestock Science|volume=127|issue=2|pages=89–109|doi=10.1016/j.livsci.2009.08.001|issn=1871-1413}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swiharhi]]</text>
      <sha1>9baetc8k6y641kax2oyd33uabd9733v</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Xikipa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7790</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41133</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T09:26:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mbimbi wa mhani</username>
        <id>12527</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I have created a new article</comment>
      <origin>41133</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2060" sha1="torzpfgh2hbm2vsr0n4wq6pc2fnq8oe" xml:space="preserve">Xikipa i lapi leri rungiwaka leswaku munhu a kota ku ambala ni buruku kumbe xikete swiya hiku munhu  loyi i wa rimbewu muni naswona munhu ange fambi anga mbalangi xikipa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top Looks - Clipkulture|url=https://clipkulture.com/category/top-looks/|date=2026-01-26|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xikipa i rito ra Xitsonga leri vulaka shirt kumbe T-shirt. Rito leri ri tirhisiwa ngopfu eka vutomi bya siku ni siku, hikuva swiambalo i xiphemu xa nkoka xa vutomi bya munhu. Loko munhu a vulavula hi xikipa, u vulavula hi swiambalo leswi nga ehenhla ka miri.Nkoka wa xikipa eka vutomi bya vutsonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-02-21|title=Opinion: The Psychological Benefits of Fashion|url=https://tartan.gordon.edu/the-psychological-benefits-of-fashion/|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eka ndhavuko wa [[Vatsonga]], swiambalo a swi ri xiphemu xa ku kombisa ku hlonipha, ku basa, ni ku xixima vanhu. Ku ambala xikipa swi kombisa leswaku munhu u lunghelekile ku hlangana ni van'wana. Ku thela ku va ni nhlamuselo ya mfuwo, hikuva ku hlawula xikipa xo saseka swi kombisa ku tirha kahle ni kurandza ku basa.xikipa eka tinhuvuta mincino.eka risimu ra gab wa marimba leri nge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Search results for: 'Tsonga t-shirts'|url=https://www.africafashionhouse.com/catalogsearch/result/index/?cat=4&amp;q=Tsonga+t-shirts|access-date=2026-02-28|website=www.africafashionhouse.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hluvula Xikipa, rito leri ri tirhisa nhlamuselo ya metaphoric. Ku &quot;hlawula xikipa&quot; swi kombisa ku ntshunxeka, ku tsaka, ni ku tsutsuma hi ku rhandza vutomi. Leswi swi kombisa ndlela leyi Vatsonga va endlaka mincino ni ku tsaka hi ku tirhisa marito ya

vutomi bya siku ni siku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Magazine|first=Keyaka|date=2025-05-21|title=The beauty of Xitsonga culture through the lens of Ntshovelo Chauke|url=https://keyakamagazine.ul.ac.za/the-beauty-of-xitsonga-culture-through-the-lens-of-ntshovelo-chauke/|access-date=2026-02-28|website=Keyaka Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>torzpfgh2hbm2vsr0n4wq6pc2fnq8oe</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Rhole</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7791</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41384</id>
      <parentid>41134</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-03T00:26:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>41384</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2588" sha1="2xksrvctpu1kbc56d1lbykszb5f3x1q" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Calf and Cow, Onneley - geograph.org.uk - 6845292.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Rhole]]
'''Rhole''' i n’wana wa homu ya le kaya kumbe nkunzi, naswona hi ntolovelo xi va xi nga si tlula lembe rin’we hi vukhale. Xi tiveka hi ku tswariwa xi ri ni vutumbuluxi byo yima ni ku famba nkarhi wo koma endzhaku ka ku velekiwa. Eka tiawara to sungula ta vutomi bya xona, rhole ri tala ku sungula ku nwa masi eka mana wa rona, ri amukela masi yo sungula (colostrum), lawa ma nga ni swakudya swo tala ni masocha yo lwisana ni mavabyi leswi tiyisaka masocha ya miri wa xona.  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=From Cows to Calves: A Breakdown of the Various Bovine Breeds|url=https://www.lazyt.com/blogs/journal/from-cows-to-calves-a-breakdown-of-the-various-bovine-breeds|access-date=2026-02-27|website=Lazy T Ranch|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rhole ri kula hi ku hatlisa swinene eka lembe ro sungula, naswona ri lava swakudya leswi faneleke, ku katsa masi, byanyi ni swakudya leswi lunghisiweke hi ndlela yo hlawuleka, leswaku swi kurisa marhambu ni minsiha leyi tiyeke. Eka miganga ya vurimi, swi kurisiwa leswaku swi ta pfuna eka vuhumelerisi bya masi kumbe nyama, swi ya hi muxaka wa homu. Loko swi hlayisiwa kahle, swi nyikiwa vutshamo lebyi baseke ni ku kamberiwa hi dokodela wa swiharhi nkarhi na nkarhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=95,700+ Cow And Calf Stock Photos, Pictures &amp; Royalty-Free Images - iStock|url=https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/cow-and-calf|website=www.istockphoto.com|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Marhole ya nyama ya homu yatala kutswariwa hi ximun’wana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cow-calf Production - Canadian Cattle Association|url=https://www.cattle.ca/resources/producer-resources/animal-care/cow-calf-production,%20https://www.cattle.ca/resources/producer-resources/animal-care/cow-calf-production|date=2022-01-28|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku tswariwa ka marhambu swi vekiwa nkarhi ku fambisana na maxelo yo olova xikan’we na byanyi bya ximun’wana lebyi humelelaka leswaku homu ya manana yitava na byanyi lebyi nga na swakudya swotala kuva yi dya, leswi pfunetaka ku humesa masi yotala eka vana va yona. Loko ya velekiwa marhole yotala yata tika exikarhi ka 65 na 90 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Calf {{!}} cattle {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/calf-cattle|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2026-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219120942/https://www.britannica.com/animal/calf-cattle|archive-date=2026-02-19|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swiharhi swa le kaya]]</text>
      <sha1>2xksrvctpu1kbc56d1lbykszb5f3x1q</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Xikhova</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7792</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41148</id>
      <parentid>41135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T09:55:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hlaisani</username>
        <id>12522</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi  tumbuluxe swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke</comment>
      <origin>41148</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1161" sha1="m6b6ax5t0d0cexu1zqnd9ffjyhwhbdk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Eurasian_eagle-owl_(44088).jpg|thumb|owl]]
Xikhova

xikhova ixinyenyani lexi tivekakaka hi vutlhari naswona xitala ku haha navusiku  xikumeka etindzawini ta Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Owls I Owl Research Institute|url=https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/owls-1|access-date=2026-02-27|website=owlresearchinstitute|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

xikhova axi tshami mutini kambe xitshama a nhoveni kufana na swihari swinwani ,i xixenyani lexi dyaka nyama ntsena. nyama yo fana na swinyokana,tinhlapfi,nkolonbyana kumbe maphaphatana&lt;ref&gt;https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/owls-1&lt;/ref&gt;

xikhova xihaha navusiku ximiyerini ku kota ku hlota swakudya swa xona kahle naswona xina nomo wototwa leswaku xita khoma kahle tihlapfi kumbe swiharani leswi tsongo&lt;ref&gt;https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/owls-1&lt;/ref&gt;

-wikhova swina vutivi swinene ekuhloteni ka swakudya swa swona.swihlota swihadyana leswintsongo leswi mamisaka https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/owls-1&lt;ref&gt;https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/owls-1&lt;/ref&gt;

== swihlovo leswi tirhisaku ==
&lt;references /&gt;
-https://www.birds.cornell.edu/k12/do-birds-sleep/

-https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/owls-1</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Moya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7793</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41137</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T09:27:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mgingiriko</username>
        <id>12521</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra moya</comment>
      <origin>41137</origin>
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'''Moya''' i ku famba ka moya hi ntumbuluko eka xibakabaka xa misava.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind|url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/wind|access-date=2026-02-27|website=education.nationalgeographic.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Moya wu vangiwa hi ku hambana ka ntshikelelo wa moya leswi vangelwangaka mgopfu hi ku hisiwa ka misava hi dyambu hi tindlela to hambana. Moya wu na nkoka swinene eka maxelo , tisisiteme , ku famba ka mati ya lwandle  , ni ku hangalasa ku hisa ni mongolovelo emisaveni hinkwayo.Mayelana na moya i rivilo ra [[horizontal]] na tlhelo leri hi karhatekaka ha rona.Xikombiso , loko utwa xiviko xa moya wa le vupela dyambu hi rivilo ra 15 mph(24 km/h) sweswo swi vula leswaku mimoya leyi nga etlhelo yi tava yi huma evupeladyambu hi rivilo rero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Origin of Wind {{!}} National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|url=https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/synoptic/origin-of-wind|access-date=2026-02-27|website=www.noaa.gov|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Moya wu humelela loko dyambu ri hisa tindhawu ta misava hi ku hambana . Hi xikombiso , misava yi hisa hi ku hatlisa ku tlula lwandle , naswona ndhawu ya ekwetha yi kuma ku vonakala ka dyambu swinene ku tlula tipholo.Ku hisiwa loku ku hambanaka ku endla tindhawu ta ntshikelelo wa le henhla ni ntshikelelo wa le hansi. Moya wu famba hi ntumbuluko ku suka eka ndhawu leyi nga ni ntshikelelo wa le henhla wu ya eka leyi nga ni ntshikelelo wa le hansi. Loko ku hambana ka ntshikelelo ku ri kukulu , moya wu va na matimba swinene. Ku rhendzeleka ka misava ku endla leswaku moya lowu fambaka wu gombonyoka , leswi vuriwaka coriolis effect.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why Does Wind Blow?|url=https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/about/k-12-education/atmosphere/why-does-wind-blow|access-date=2026-02-27|website=National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eka matimu , vanhu va tirhise moya tanihi xihlovo xa matimba ni xa ku famba. Matimba ya moya ma tirhisiwa ku fambisa swikepe ni ku tirha mimili ya moya leyi sivelaka mavele kumbe ku pompa mati. Namutlha , timhombiso ta manguva lawa ta ti-turbine ta moya ti hundzula matimba ya moya ma va gezi , leswi nyikaka matimba lama tlhela ma pfuxiwa naswona lama nga onhiki ntumbuluko. Moya wu tlhela wu cinca xivumbeko xa misava hi ku handzula maribye ni ku susa sava , leswi endlaka  swidulu swa sava ni mananga.Matimba ma moya i matimba lama nga onhiki ntumbuluko naswona ma pfuna ku sivela ku onhaka ka misava.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-09-28|title=Wind Energy Basics|url=https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/wind-energy-basics|access-date=2026-02-27|website=Energy.gov|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;                                                                                               

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mimoya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyimpfu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7794</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41138</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T09:27:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NKaTEKOCLAWs</username>
        <id>12529</id>
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      <comment>i have added a new article</comment>
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      <text bytes="2748" sha1="c7upi92e75eiuwyf690b4nxn802wdil" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Yorkshire_dales_sheep.jpg|thumb|xifaniso xa nyimpfu]]
'''Nyimpfu''' i xihari lexi fuyiwanga ngopfu ngopfu emapurasini xina voya byo fuwa na swona xi fuyeriwa voya,xikhumba na masi ya xona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=sheep, v.|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oed/3999050642|publisher=Oxford University Press|work=Oxford English Dictionary|date=2023-03-02|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nyimpfu yina khwiri rinwe leri avanyisiweke ri huma swiphemu swa  mune,xiphemu xo sungula xivitaniwa rumen  hi laha ku virisiwaka kona swakudya swi thlela swi fayeleriwa,xa vumbirhi kuva reticulum leyi va yi vitanaka xikamarana xa vulombe hi kwalaho ka xivumbeko xa kona rona ri khomelela swakudya leswi nga gayelekangiki,xa vunharhu i omasum yona yi tswonga mati lama humaka eka swakudya leswi gayeriweke,xa vumune i abomasum yona yi tirha ku fana na kwhiri rinene laha yi tirhisaka esidi ku gayela [[swakudya]] swi nga se ya eka marhumbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ruminant animals: Understanding sheep’s digestive system {{!}} Stowag|url=https://www.stowag.com/news/ruminant-animals-understanding-sheeps-digestive-system/|website=www.stowag.com|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nyimpfu i xihandyana lexi dyaka swimilana leswi vulaka leswaku madyelo ma xona ama katsi nyama. Yi kota ku lemuka makume-ntlhanu wa swikandza swa tinyimpfu kuloni  ku ringana malembe mambirhi yi thlela yi tsunduka na swa vanhu.Ku fana na mixaka yinwani ku katsa na vanhu nyipfu ya swikota ku tirhisa marito yo hambana hambana ku kombisa matitwelo ma yona.Nyimpfu yina ku vona kahle ka le matlhelo,matihlo ma yona ma xirhendzevutani ma yi pfumelela ku vona kwalomu ka 360 digirisi kahle kahle ya swi kota ku vona ndhaka yona yinga jikisangi nhloko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|date=1975-09-01|issn=1873-2968|pmid=10|pages=1639–1641|volume=24|issue=17|first=A.|last=Schmoldt|first2=H. F.|last2=Benthe|first3=G.|last3=Haberland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ndlela yinwani leyi tinyimpfu ti vulavurisanaka hiyona  na ndzhawu leyi ti rhendzeleke iku twa ku nuhela lokunene. nyipfu yi na tindhawu to nuhwetela emahlweni ka matihlo nale xikarhi ka swikunhwana. Tinyipfu letikulu ta xisati leti vuriwa ti ewe,ti endla vuxaka lebyi tiyeke na swinyimpfana swa tona endzhakunyana ka aku velekiwa. Ti tshama kusuhi na swinyimpfana swa tona ku swi hlohlotela ku  landzelela mahanyelo,lama swinyimpfana  swi hatlaku ku makhoma. Tinyimpfu ta kota ku tiva ku xinyimpfani xa tona hi xihi hi mpfumawulo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=10 fun facts about sheep|url=https://spca.bc.ca/news/fun-facts-about-sheep/|website=BC SPCA|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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  <page>
    <title>KU KALA KA MITIRHO</title>
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      <text bytes="4156" sha1="epevlvv7vzmq39gqu4fwa4s1bz8mfg2" xml:space="preserve">'''Nkayivelo wa mitirho'''

[[File:2022-Climate-Strike-4-1000331 (52022961126).jpg|center|thumb|436x436px]]


[[Nkayivel]]o wa [[mitirho]] etikweni ra Afrika Dzona wu le ka xiyimo xa le henhla swinene. Leswi swivangiwile hi tungu wu nga va kona etikweni ra Afrika Dzongo lowu wu vitaniwa COVID19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rokhim |first=R |last2=Mayasari |first2=I |last3=Wulandari |first3=P |date=2022-08-01 |title=Work From Home: A Policy for Achieving Decent Work and Economic Growth as an SDG |url=https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i12.11550 |journal=KnE Social Sciences |doi=10.18502/kss.v7i12.11550 |issn=2518-668X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntungu lowu wu endlile leswaku Migingiriko yo tala etikweni ra Afrika Dzonga yi yimisiwa, laha swinga endla leswaku na mitirhu yo tala yi pfaleta. Leswi swiendlile leswaku vanhu va ti kuma va heleriwile hi mintirhu. Nkayivelo wa mitirhu ya endla leswaku na vugevenga byi tlakuka hi nhlayo ya le henhla laha tikweni ra Afrika Dzongo. Leswi swiendla leswaku na vanhu va va ngahari na tshembho eka timhaka ta xikolo hikuva vaehleketa leswaku loko vaheta tidyondza ta vona vata vuya va ta tshama emakaya vahundzuka vamahlelele. Hambiswiritano leswi swiendla leswaku vaaka tiko va Afrika Dzonga va dyondza hi ku tiyimisela swinene leswaku vata kuma mintirho. Masiku lawa loko u ri na mbuyelo wa ka giredi ya 12 a wa ha tekeliwi enhlokweni, leswi swiendla leswaku swichudyeni swidyondza ngopfu laha loko va graduate vatlhela vatlhelela exikolweni kuya engetelela ti dyondzo ta vona.

Nkayivelo wa mitirho wu tlhela wu vangiwa hi leswaku machudeni ma graduate lembe na lembe, laha loko vahetile va tshamaka emakya, kambe van`wana vati endlela mabindzu kuendlela leswaku va nga tikumi vari ehluphekweni. Vanw`wana va vula lesaku vona vadyondzeke ngopfu leriya ro a va swilavi ku tirha lomu switolo hikuva vanhu vatava langutela ehansi. Swin`wana swiendliwa hikuva vanhu va loloha ku famba va lava mintirho va vula leswaku vata thoriwa vatshame emakaya. Vantshwa votala eka siku ra namuntlha vakumeka vatitile makhotso hiku loloha ku famba vaphanda, hikuva vatshembhe ku baja hiku laha Afrika Dzonga a kuna mitirhu naswona vanhu vatholana hi xixaka. Ku tholana hi xixaka swona swa endlaka laha Afrika Dzongo, leswi swiendliwa ngopfu hi lava va nga le ka switulu swale henehla emitirhweni, kambe hambiswiritano aswibasangi hikuva vanhu lava va dyondzeleke ntirho wa lowu vati kuma vari ekuxanisekeni hi ku lava mitireho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=David |first=Dharish |title=ASEAN's green recovery and the role of green stimulus in job creation in a post-COVID world |date=2023-02-24 |work=Post-Pandemic Green Recovery in ASEAN |pages=117–148 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003324386-9 |access-date=2026-02-27 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-32438-6 |last2=Williams |first2=Sanjana Bernadette}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wun`wani wa ti membara ta EFF loyi a tivekaku hi vito ra Sihle Lonzi u yile na ti CV ePalamende kuya nyika President Cyril Ramapho na ku tlhela a komnbisa leswaku vantshwa vo tala va kayivela mintirhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dost |first=Burhan |last2=Turunc |first2=Esra |date=2026-02 |title=Still confusing? What should perioperative teams do when patients are taking GLP-1 medications? |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcadva.2026.100219 |journal=JCA Advances |pages=100219 |doi=10.1016/j.jcadva.2026.100219 |issn=2950-5534}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nkayivelo]] wa mitirhu wu endla leswaku na Rhandi ya Afrika dzonga yiwa. Leswi swiendla leswaku na hlayu yo bebula yi engetelelaka, hikuva vanhu vatshama va ri emakaya a ku na ku n`wana laha [[vahubutelaku]] kona kuya tirha. Hlayo waku rhobiwa ka movha wa rhwala mali wu tlakuka lembe na lembe. Murhangi wa tiko u ringetile kuendlela vantshwa lava voka va nga tirhiku mali ya R350 leswaku va ti sungulela mabindzu hi yona, kambe hambiswiritano vantswha vayi tirhisa kuxa switswotswi. Ku endla leswalu hlayo ya ku kayivela ka mitirho yi hungiuteka, vantshwa vafenele ku tisungulela mabindzu lawa ya ngata va nghenisela mali ku nga vi mabhindzu lawa ya nga ta tlhela ya yisiwa emakhotsweni.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;&quot; /&gt;
[[Category:KU KALA KA MITIRHO]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Swimanga</title>
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      <comment>Ndzi endlile papila ra swimanga</comment>
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      <text bytes="2949" sha1="ohpd97rhq3zq7dinwffloy187y1tmcg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg|thumb|Lexi ixi faniso xa ximanga]]
'''Swimanga''' I xihari lexi ntsongo lexi xingana mavoya na minwala yo tlhava,swimanga swina mihlovo yo hambanahambana kuna swa mihlovo yo basa,yo ntima,ya buruweni na yo basa yi hlangane naya ntima.Swimanga I swihari leswi swi dyaka nyama ntsena aswi dyi mihandzu na matsavu [[(canivore).|(''canivore)''.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Family Felidae Cats|work=Mammals of Africa : Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses|url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472926951.part-0032|access-date=2026-02-27|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ximanga I xihari lexi unga kotaka kuxi fuwa u tshama na xoh ,swi rhadza kuti hlotela swakudya ku fana na makondlo kumbe swihari swinwana leswi ntsongo vanhu vanwana vaswi fuwela leswaku switadya makondlo .

Ximanga xi tiveka xiri xihari lexi xi rhandzaka ku tlanga swinene naswona xi rhadza ku tshama xiri xoxe. Loko xi tsakile utaxi vona hiku cinisa ncila xi tlhela  tlulatlula.Ximanga xi tlela ti awara ta khume ntsevu hi siku Vanhu vo tala va tsakela ku tshama na swimanga hikuva aswi karhati naswona aswi vangi tyaka ku fana na ti mbyana.Ximanga xinga vavisa munhu hiti ndlela to hambanahamba ku fana na kuku hala hi minwala ya swona yo notswa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Basavannaiah|first=Sphoorthi|date=2022-05-21|editor-last=Auctores Publishing LLC|title=Sinister growth behind the ear: how can a person be sloppy and shoddy???|url=https://www.auctoresonline.org/article/sinister-growth-behind-the-ear-how-can-a-person-be-sloppy-and-shoddy|journal=Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology|volume=4|issue=2|pages=01–03|doi=10.31579/2692-9562/050}}&lt;/ref&gt;.Loko ximanga xahaku tswariwa xi fanele ku dyondzisiwa kumbe ku tolovetiwa ku hanya na vanhu hikuva loko xinga tolovetiwi xinga hetelela xi vavisa vanhu lava xi tshamaku na vona, na loko xoku luma xinga hetelela xi siya mavabyi eka nyama .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-08-01|title=The Bond Between Cats and Humans: A Deep Dive|url=https://biologyinsights.com/the-bond-between-cats-and-humans-a-deep-dive/|access-date=2026-02-27|website=Biology Insights|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahanyelo ya swimanga ya fambisana na ndhawu leyi swimanga swingaka yona loko swiri ndhawini yoka yingari ya kurhula utaxi vona hiku tshama xiri ku holoveni kumbe xi tshamela ku vavisa vanhu .Swimanga swina ndlela ya swona yaku kombisa matitwelo ya swona . L&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Decode Your Cat’s Behavior: 17 Cat Behaviors Explained|url=https://www.rd.com/list/how-to-decode-your-cats-behavior/|access-date=2026-02-27|website=Reader's Digest|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;oko ximanga xi rhurhumela xi komba ku ntshuxeka kambe minkarhi yi nwana swi komba kuva swiri hansi ka ntshikelelo kumbe kutwa ku vava. Vanhu lava va fuwaka swimanga va fanele va dyondza mahanyelo kumbe matikhomelo ya swimanga vata kota ku twisisa leswaku loko swi endla minchumu yo karhi swi vula.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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  <page>
    <title>Xinyenyani</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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Xinyenyani
[[File:Western tanager in Chelsea (75305)2-2.jpg|thumb|Lexi i faniso xa nyenyani]]
'''Xinyenyani''' i xihari lexi hanyaka lexi nga na misi naswona xi wela eka ntlawa lowu vitaniwaka &quot;[[Aves]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Helmenstine|first=Anne|date=2024-04-02|title=Birds or Class Aves - Description and Characteristics|url=https://sciencenotes.org/birds-or-class-aves-description-and-characteristics/|access-date=2026-02-27|website=Science Notes and Projects|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinyenyana ti sungule eka swiharhi swa khale leswi a swi fana ni dinosaur hi nkarhi wa khale swinene , hi nkarhi lowu a ti vitaniwa Late Jurassic. Tinyenyana hi tona ntsena leti hanyaka namuntlha exikarhi ka ntlawa wa swiharhi leswi a swi famba hi milenge mimbirhi leswi vitaniwaka theropods. Tinyenyani ti kumeka eka tindhawu hinkwato emisaveni ku katsa na Atarctica, naswona ti tshama emahlathini laha ku nga tala byanyi ti tlhela ti maka tiyindlu hi byona byanyi, ti tlhela ti tshama laha ku nga na milambu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The origin of birds|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/what-are-evograms/the-origin-of-birds/|access-date=2026-02-27|website=evolution.berkeley.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinyenyani ti avanyisiwile hi ku ya hi swihlawulekisi swa tona, maendlelo ya tona ni tindhawu leti ti tshamaka eka tona. Kuna tinyenyana leti dlayaka, ti tshama laha ti nga kotaka ku kuma swakudya hi ku olova ni laha ti nga akaka swi swaka swa tona hi ku sirheleka. Tinyenyani tikumeka etintshaveni ta maribye lama tlakuke, nile mahlathini tindhawini ta mirhi ti aka swisaka emisinyeni leyikulu naswona ti hlota swiharhi leswintsongo. Ti tshama etindhawini leti tlakukeke hikuva ti lava ndhawu leyi pfuleke ku kota ku hlota.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Birds {{!}} Characteristics, Features &amp; Importance - Lesson {{!}} Study.com|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/birds-traits-types-importance.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251230070648/https://study.com/academy/lesson/birds-traits-types-importance.html|archive-date=2025-12-30|access-date=2026-02-28|website=study.com|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tinyenyana leti leti hinkwato hiku hambana ta tona tina swi hlawulekisi leswi fanaka leswi endlaka leswaku hi swi vitana, tinyenyana hambi loko ti ri karhi ti nga fani hikuya ya hi leswi tinga hi xiswona. Tinyenyani hinkwato ti na mahungu, tina meno na nomu wo tontswa swinene, hinkwato ti veleka hiku veka tivele ta khumba ro tiya, hinkwato ti na timpapa hambi ku ri tinyenyani leti nga hahaki, totala yi na marhambu lama nga ni meho endzeni, ti tlhela ti va ni misi lowu fanaka nkarhi hinkwawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Old vs. New World Birds » Comparison - Bird Buddy Blog|url=https://blog.mybirdbuddy.com/post/old-vs-new-world-birds|access-date=2026-02-28|website=blog.mybirdbuddy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swihari swa Afrika-Dzonga]]
[[Category:Swiharhi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mirhi</title>
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      <comment>Ndzi tsale papila ra mirhi</comment>
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      <text bytes="1716" sha1="nmn8o8o3pp327zuzqi5xlak9fo89y2h" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bottles_full_of_traditional_herbs.jpg|thumb|250x250px|xifaniso xa mirhi]]
'''Mirhi''' i xivumbeko lexi  vumbiweke hi xikwembu  i  xiphemu  lexi xingana munhu wunwana na wunwana loyi a hanya emisaveni hinkwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=rtdev|date=2025-05-22|title=Why God Gave Us Bodies|url=https://byfaithonline.com/why-god-gave-us-bodies/|access-date=2026-02-27|website=byFaith|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Mirhi i swilo swa nkoka swinene eka rihanyo ni vutomi bya Vatsonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tsonga {{!}} Indigenous Peoples Repository|url=https://www.globalfirstnations.com/peoples/tsonga-southern-africa.html|website=www.globalfirstnations.com|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;Eka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga, mirhi a yi tirhisiwi ntsena ku tshungula mavabyi ya miri, kambe yi tlhela yi pfuna eka swa moya, ku sirhelela, ni ku lulamisa vuxaka exikarhi ka vanhu ni swikwembu swa ndhavuko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tsonga/Shangaan medicine gourd, South Africa. - Tsonga|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/tsonga-shangaan-medicine-gourd-south-africa-tsonga/XAH2V0fL_Vo71Q|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga va le South Africa na [[Mozambique]], mirhi ya ndhavuko yi tshama yi ri xiphemu xa nkoka xa vutomi bya siku na siku. Vadyondzisi va mirhi, lava tiviwaka tanihi tinyanga kumbe vafemberi, va tirhisa swimilana, timitsu, makamba ya mirhi, ni swin’wana leswi humaka eka ntumbuluko ku endla mirhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xitsonga - Tsonga definition, grammar, pronunciation, synonyms and examples {{!}} Glosbe|url=https://glosbe.com/ts/ts/Xitsonga|website=glosbe.com|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'Nkayivelo wa mitirho'''  [[File:2022-Climate-Strike-4-1000331 (52022961126).jpg|center|thumb|436x436px]]     Nkayivelo wa [[mitirho]] etikweni ra Afrika Dzona wu le ka xiyimo xa le henhla swinene. Leswi swivangiwile hi tungu wu nga va kona etikweni ra Afrika Dzongo lowu wu vitaniwa COVID19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rokhim |first=R |last2=Mayasari |first2=I |last3=Wulandari |first3=P |date=2022-08-01 |title=Work From Home: A Policy for Achieving Decent Work and Economic...&quot;</comment>
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[[File:2022-Climate-Strike-4-1000331 (52022961126).jpg|center|thumb|436x436px]]


Nkayivelo wa [[mitirho]] etikweni ra Afrika Dzona wu le ka xiyimo xa le henhla swinene. Leswi swivangiwile hi tungu wu nga va kona etikweni ra Afrika Dzongo lowu wu vitaniwa COVID19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rokhim |first=R |last2=Mayasari |first2=I |last3=Wulandari |first3=P |date=2022-08-01 |title=Work From Home: A Policy for Achieving Decent Work and Economic Growth as an SDG |url=https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i12.11550 |journal=KnE Social Sciences |doi=10.18502/kss.v7i12.11550 |issn=2518-668X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntungu lowu wu endlile leswaku Migingiriko yo tala etikweni ra Afrika Dzonga yi yimisiwa, laha swinga endla leswaku na mitirhu yo tala yi pfaleta. Leswi swiendlile leswaku vanhu va ti kuma va heleriwile hi mintirhu. Nkayivelo wa mitirhu ya endla leswaku na vugevenga byi tlakuka hi nhlayo ya le henhla laha tikweni ra Afrika Dzongo. Leswi swiendla leswaku na vanhu va va ngahari na tshembho eka timhaka ta xikolo hikuva vaehleketa leswaku loko vaheta tidyondza ta vona vata vuya va ta tshama emakaya vahundzuka vamahlelele. Hambiswiritano leswi swiendla leswaku vaaka tiko va Afrika Dzonga va dyondza hi ku tiyimisela swinene leswaku vata kuma mintirho. Masiku lawa loko u ri na mbuyelo wa ka giredi ya 12 a wa ha tekeliwi enhlokweni, leswi swiendla leswaku swichudyeni swidyondza ngopfu laha loko va graduate vatlhela vatlhelela exikolweni kuya engetelela ti dyondzo ta vona.

Nkayivelo wa mitirho wu tlhela wu vangiwa hi leswaku machudeni ma graduate lembe na lembe, laha loko vahetile va tshamaka emakya, kambe van`wana vati endlela mabindzu kuendlela leswaku va nga tikumi vari ehluphekweni. Vanw`wana va vula lesaku vona vadyondzeke ngopfu leriya ro a va swilavi ku tirha lomu switolo hikuva vanhu vatava langutela ehansi. Swin`wana swiendliwa hikuva vanhu va loloha ku famba va lava mintirho va vula leswaku vata thoriwa vatshame emakaya. Vantshwa votala eka siku ra namuntlha vakumeka vatitile makhotso hiku loloha ku famba vaphanda, hikuva vatshembhe ku baja hiku laha Afrika Dzonga a kuna mitirhu naswona vanhu vatholana hi xixaka. Ku tholana hi xixaka swona swa endlaka laha Afrika Dzongo, leswi swiendliwa ngopfu hi lava va nga le ka switulu swale henehla emitirhweni, kambe hambiswiritano aswibasangi hikuva vanhu lava va dyondzeleke ntirho wa lowu vati kuma vari ekuxanisekeni hi ku lava mitireho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=David |first=Dharish |title=ASEAN's green recovery and the role of green stimulus in job creation in a post-COVID world |date=2023-02-24 |work=Post-Pandemic Green Recovery in ASEAN |pages=117–148 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003324386-9 |access-date=2026-02-27 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-32438-6 |last2=Williams |first2=Sanjana Bernadette}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wun`wani wa ti membara ta EFF loyi a tivekaku hi vito ra Sihle Lonzi u yile na ti CV ePalamende kuya nyika President Cyril Ramapho na ku tlhela a komnbisa leswaku vantshwa vo tala va kayivela mintirhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dost |first=Burhan |last2=Turunc |first2=Esra |date=2026-02 |title=Still confusing? What should perioperative teams do when patients are taking GLP-1 medications? |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcadva.2026.100219 |journal=JCA Advances |pages=100219 |doi=10.1016/j.jcadva.2026.100219 |issn=2950-5534}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nkayivelo]] wa mitirhu wu endla leswaku na Rhandi ya Afrika dzonga yiwa. Leswi swiendla leswaku na hlayu yo bebula yi engetelelaka, hikuva vanhu vatshama va ri emakaya a ku na ku n`wana laha [[vahubutelaku]] kona kuya tirha. Hlayo waku rhobiwa ka movha wa rhwala mali wu tlakuka lembe na lembe. Murhangi wa tiko u ringetile kuendlela vantshwa lava voka va nga tirhiku mali ya R350 leswaku va ti sungulela mabindzu hi yona, kambe hambiswiritano vantswha vayi tirhisa kuxa switswotswi. Ku endla leswalu hlayo ya ku kayivela ka mitirho yi hungiuteka, vantshwa vafenele ku tisungulela mabindzu lawa ya ngata va nghenisela mali ku nga vi mabhindzu lawa ya nga ta tlhela ya yisiwa emakhotsweni.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;&quot; /&gt;
[[Category:KU KALA KA MITIRHO]]</text>
      <sha1>mtj4vqokgxdcl37lfl4u5wtczxrgcjq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Khalavatla</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7800</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41150</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:01:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Onyinye Bila</username>
        <id>12498</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338286316|Watermelon]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>41150</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1332" sha1="lf6jxq75m2srx5u2b8nb6pjqpuhe04k" xml:space="preserve">Khalavatla i muxaka wa ximilani xa swiluva eka ndyangu wa swimilana swa mphepo na mbewu yo tala, lexi nga na mihandzu leyikulu, leyi dyiwaka. I ximilani lexi rhendzelekaka lexi fanaka ni murhi wa madiriva, naswona xi byariwa ngopfu etindhawini hinkwato, xi ni mixaka yo tlula madzana-dzana.

Makhalavatla ma byariwa eka [[Tinguva|maxelo]] lawa yanene kusuka eka tindzhawu leti hisaka kuya eka tindzhawu [[Ku kufumela|leti kufumelaka]] emisaveni hinkwayo hikokwalaho ka mihandzu ya yona leyikulu leyi dyiwaka, leyi kunga dyondzo ya swimilani leyingana madzovo yo tiya naswona yinga na ku avana endzeni, leswi hi swimilani swivuriwa &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwKw&quot;&gt;phepo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; . Nyama yo tsokombela, leyingana juzi hi ntolovelo yiva na muhlovo wotshuka wo enta kuya eka pink, na mbewu yotala ya ntima loko yi vupfile, yo basa loko yinga vupfangiki. Tinxaka letinga riki na mbewu na tona ti kona. Mihandzu leyi yinga dyiwa yinga swekiwanga kumbe yi tshoveriwa, naswona madzovo ya kona ya dyiwa endzhaku ko swekiwa. Yinga tlhela yi dyiwa tani hi juzi kumbe xiaki eka swakunwa leswi pfanganisiweke.


[[File:Pasteques,_extrait_d'un_tableau_de_Giovanni_Stanchi.jpeg|right|thumb|khalavatla (muxaka wa khale) tani hi leswi swi kombisiweke eka xifaniso xa lembe xidzana ra vu-17, mafurha eka canvas, hi Giovanni Stanchi]]</text>
      <sha1>lf6jxq75m2srx5u2b8nb6pjqpuhe04k</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vahlampfa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41152</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:01:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lenova2</username>
        <id>12519</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzitumbuluxe papila ramina</comment>
      <origin>41152</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1725" sha1="0jetrlajbozvte4qifeixncuf4fndmn" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Foreigners_in_Nagasaki._Early_19th_century.jpg|thumb]]
'''Vahlampfa'''  i vanhu lava humaka eka matiku yale hadle lava kumekaka vari e tikweni rinw'ana leri kungariki ravona. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOREIGNER Definition &amp; Meaning {{!}} Dictionary.com|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/foreigner|access-date=2026-02-27|website=www.dictionary.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Yinwana hlamuselo hi vuentimyiri:

# Muhlampfa i munhu loyi a nga riki na maphepha ya vuaka-tiko ya tiko rero. Xikombiso, loko munhu a ri muaka-tiko wa Mozambique kambe a tshama eSouth Africa, eSouth Africa u tekiwa tanihi foreigner hikuva a hi muaka-tiko wa kona.  Munhu a nga tshama nkarhi wo leha etikweni rin’wana hikwalaho ka ntirho, [[dyondzo]] kumbe mabindzu, kambe loko a nga si kuma vuaka-tiko bya kona, wa ha ri muhlampfa.  Matiko yo tala ma na milawu leyi lawulaka vaendzi va le matikweni mambe. Va fanele ku va na:
#* Visa kumbe mpfumelelo wo nghena
#* Pasipoti leyi tirhaka
#* Mpfumelelo wo tirha loko va lava ntirhoVahlampfa va nga va na timfanelo tin’wana (ku fana na ku sirheleriwa hi nawu), kambe va nga ha va na swipimelo swo karhi, swo fana na:Ku nga pfumeleriwi ku hlawula eka nhlawulo
#* Ku nga pfumeleriwi mintirho yin’wana ya mfumo'''Ku hambana exikarhi ka “muendzi” na “foreigner”:'''Muendzi i munhu loyi a endzelaka tiko rin’wana nkarhinyana (tourist). Kambe foreigner a nga va a tshama nkarhi wo leha kumbe hilaha ku nga heriki, kambe ntsena a nga ri muaka-tiko wa kona.

Mu hlampfa i munhu loyi a humaka etikweni rin’wana naswona a nga ri na vuaka-tiko bya tiko leri a tshamaka kumbe a ri endzelaka, naswona u lawuriwa hi milawu ya tiko rero.&lt;ref&gt;vahlampfa&lt;/ref&gt;


== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0jetrlajbozvte4qifeixncuf4fndmn</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Swakudya leswi akaka mirhi.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7802</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41153</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:01:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zeeluna</username>
        <id>12489</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Swakudya leswi akaka mirhi. [[File:Municipal Market of São Paulo city.jpg|thumb|370x370px|xifaniso xa mihandzu]] '''Swakudya''' leswi akaka mirhi i nchumu wa nkoka swinene eka vutomi bya munhu. Swakudya leswi akaka mirhi swi katsa mihandzu, matsavu, mavele, tinyawa, nyama leyi nga riki na [[mafurha]] yo tala, na mati yo enela. Swakudya leswi swi nyika miri swilo swa nkoka swo fana na ti-vitamin, ti-mineral, maprotheni, na mati leswi endlaka leswaku miri wu tirha kahle s...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>41153</origin>
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      <text bytes="2397" sha1="2aczl5v7tvewwe1ze0itzzn77sn8h2x" xml:space="preserve">Swakudya leswi akaka mirhi.
[[File:Municipal Market of São Paulo city.jpg|thumb|370x370px|xifaniso xa mihandzu]]
'''Swakudya''' leswi akaka mirhi i nchumu wa nkoka swinene eka vutomi bya munhu. Swakudya leswi akaka mirhi swi katsa mihandzu, matsavu, mavele, tinyawa, nyama leyi nga riki na [[mafurha]] yo tala, na mati yo enela. Swakudya leswi swi nyika miri swilo swa nkoka swo fana na ti-vitamin, ti-mineral, maprotheni, na mati leswi endlaka leswaku miri wu tirha kahle siku ni siku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Healthy diet |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet%EF%BF%B}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku dya kahle swi tiyisa masocha ya miri lama lwisanaka na mavabyi. Loko munhu a dya swakudya leswi hanyeke kahle, miri wa yena wu kota ku lwa na mavabyi hi ndlela yo olova naswona wu hunguta khombo ra ku khomiwa hi mavabyi yo fana na vuvabyi bya mbilu, chukele ([[diabetes)]], ntshikelelo wa ngati (high blood pressure), na ku nona ngopfu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=South African Department of Health.Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for South Africa. |url=https://www.health.gov.za/%EF%BF%BD}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nakambe, ku dya swakudya leswi hanyeke kahle swi engetela matimba emirimini. Swakudya  leswi faneleke swi pfuna munhu ku va na matimba yo endla mitirho ya siku ni siku handle ko karhala hi ku hatlisa. Swi tlhela swi pfuna mianakanyo ku tirha kahle, ku antswisa ku tsundzuka, ku kongoma, na ku hunguta ntshikilelo wa miehleketo. Swakudya leswi akaka mirhi swi endla nhlonge ya munhu yi saseka, na misisi yi tiyela na mirhi hinkwawo ku tshama wu ri na rihanyu lerinene. Swakudya leswi akaka mirhi swi tlhela swi pfuna eka ku aka marhambu na meno lama tiyeke hikwalaho ka ''[[calcium]]'' na vhitamini D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Nutrition Source – Healthy Eating Plate. |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-eating-plate/%EF%BF%BD}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi ku angarhela, ku dya swakudya leswi akaka mirhi i xilotelo xa vutomi byo leha na rihanyo lerinene. Loko munhu a hlawula swakudya leswi nga na nkoka naswona a papalata swakudya leswi nga na mafurha na chukele ro tala, u ta kota ku hlayisa mirhi ni mianakanyo ya yena swiri eka xiyimo lexinene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Eating a balanced diet. |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-eating-plate/%EF%BF%BD}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mihandzu na matsavu]]
[[Category:Phurotheni]]</text>
      <sha1>2aczl5v7tvewwe1ze0itzzn77sn8h2x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mhala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7803</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41162</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:06:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xikombiso1</username>
        <id>11662</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra Mhala</comment>
      <origin>41162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2648" sha1="calgtfx3midspbfdyohqczuprbixr2i" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Springbok_2019-07-24.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa mhala]]
'''Mhala'''  i xiharhi xa nhova lexi tivekaka hi rivilo na kutlula, naswona xi kumekaka ngopfu edzongeni na le dzonga vupela dyambu bya Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Antidorcas marsupialis|url=https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-lookup/doi/10.1644/753|journal=Mammalian Species|date=2004-12|issn=0076-3519|pages=1–7|volume=753|doi=10.1644/753|language=en|first=James W.|last=Cain|first2=Paul R.|last2=Krausman|first3=Heather L.|last3=Germaine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mhala yi tiveka hi xikandza xo basa, mintila ya ntima leyi sukaka ematihlweni yi ya enon'wini, xifunengeto xa ribungu ro kwalala lexi funghiweke hi mintila yo tshwuka leyi sukaka eka nenge wa le mahlweni ku ya fika eminkondzweni. Ku ni tinxaka tinharhu leti tiviwaka.[1]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Second edition|title=The Kingdon field guide to African mammals|publisher=Bloomsbury|date=2015|location=London|isbn=978-1-4729-1236-7|first=Jonathan|last=Kingdon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mhala yidya swihlahla na swimilani leswinga na mati, hikwalaho, mhala yinga hanya handle ko nwa mati kuringana malembe, hi leswi yi fikelelaka swilaveko swa yona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Energy, Water, and Food Use by Springbok Antelope (Antidorcas marsupialis) in the Kalahari Desert|url=https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/1382468|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=1994-11-18|issn=1545-1542|pages=860–872|volume=75|issue=4|doi=10.2307/1382468|language=en|first=K. A.|last=Nagy|first2=M. H.|last2=Knight}}&lt;/ref&gt; Timhala titswalana eka tinhweti hinkwato ta lembe, naswona swifika eka nhlohlorhi hi nguva ya timpfula, laha madyelo yanga tala ngopfu. Rhole rin’we ri velekiwa endzhaku ka ku tika loku tekeke tin’hweti ta ntlhanu ku ya eka tsevu; ku lumuriwa ku humelela loko ri ri ni tin’hweti ta kwalomu ka tsevu, naswona rhole ri siya mana wa rona endzhaku ka tin’hweti ti nga ri tingani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Observations on the Behaviour and Feeding Habits of the Springbok, Antidorcas Marsupialis|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00445096.1972.11447448|journal=Zoologica Africana|date=1972-01|issn=0044-5096|pages=333–359|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.1080/00445096.1972.11447448|language=en|first=R.C.|last=Bigalke}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xipano xa tiko ra [[Afrika-Dzonga|Africa Dzonga]] xa ntlangu wa rhagbhi xi tiveka tani ni timhala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|edition=First edition|title=Broadcasting the end of apartheid: live television and the birth of the new South Africa|publisher=I.B. Tauris|date=2014|location=London|isbn=978-0-85773-583-6|first=Martha|last=Evans}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>calgtfx3midspbfdyohqczuprbixr2i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tshanga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7804</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41164</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:09:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bayedeee</username>
        <id>12513</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxile papila hi Tshanga.</comment>
      <origin>41164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2248" sha1="g7ls4skvozaihb1yl4qq527ehklyxbh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Goats_inside_a_kraal_at_Kanngwe_Cattle_Post.jpg|thumb|lexi i xifaniso xa tshanga ra timbuti.]]
'''Tshanga''' i nchumu lowu yimisiweke hiti mhandzi kumbe ti hunyi ku rhendela ndhawu yo karhi, laha ku tshameke swihari swo fuyiwa ngopfu-ngopfu tihomu na ti mbuti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of KRAAL|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kraal|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Timhandzi ta kona ti fanerile ku dzimiwa kumbe ku thlomiwa e hansi leswaku ti yiya kumbe ku simeka kahle. Leswi iku endlela leswaku hambi tihomu kumbe timbuti ti lava ku huma kumbe ku phohla, ti tsandzeka. Naswona iku endlela leswakuu swihari leswi ngata tshuka swi tile kuta dya swifuwo leswi swi tsandzeka ku nghena.

Tshanga ri kumeka e tikweni nkulu ra Afrika, laha vanhu va ntima va vona tshanga tani hi nchumu lowu faneriweke hiku xiximiwa. Van'wana va vona tshanga tani hi ndhawu leyi mikwembu yi fambelaka kona. Ka mindhavuko yo tala ya ma [[Afrika]], vavasati ava pfumeleriwi ku nghena, kambe vavasati lava se vanga kula va pfumeleriwa. E tshangeni kuva kuri na nkoka swinene loko ku endliwa mintirho yo yelana naku phahla kumbe ku vulavula na mikwembu leswi kunga mindhavuko ya vanhu va ntima, van'wana vona va tshembha leswaku vanga kota ku tiva leswaku n'wana loyi a velekiweke iwa le muntini kumbe ahiwale muntini hikuva va nwi chela ndzeni ka tshanga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gathering Around The Kraal|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/big-shots/2019/03/09/gathering-around-the-kraal|website=www.forbesafrica.com|date=2019-03-09|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Himhaka tshanga hi xintu xa ma [[Afrika]], ari voniwi ntsena tanihi ndhawu yo sirhelela swihari ntsena.

Vana va vafana hivona va kumekeke vari karhi va nghena e tshangeni swinene hikuva swifuwo leswi ku risa vona. Hambi leswi e tshangeni ka mindhavuko yo hlaya, vavasati ava ngheni, kuna minkarhi yinwana laha va pfumeleriweke, kufana na vana va xisati va mativula na wasati loyi anga tekiwa ka munti wa  lowo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michael Stevenson|url=https://archive.stevenson.info/exhibitions/hlobo/umthubi.htm|website=archive.stevenson.info|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>g7ls4skvozaihb1yl4qq527ehklyxbh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mbhongholo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7805</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41165</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:09:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pam Gavaza08</username>
        <id>12528</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxile papila ra timbhongholo</comment>
      <origin>41165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2904" sha1="4mrhd2nsisikgrx9pamko9o8tkbp4gb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Donkey_in_Clovelly,_North_Devon,_England.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa mbhogholo]]
'''Mbhongholo''' i xifuwo lexi tivekaka swinene emigangeni ni le tindhawini ta le makaya. Xiharhi lexi xi pfuna vanhu ngopfu-ngopfu eka mintirho ya ku rhwala mindzhwalo ni ku tirha emasin’wini. Hambileswi van’wana va nga xi tekaka tanihi xiharhi lexi nga riki xa nkoka, mbongolo yi na nkoka lowukulu swinene evuton’wini bya vanhu vo tala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Comparison of Nutritional Characteristics of Fresh and Freeze-Dried Donkey Milk|url=https://doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000172|journal=Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition Technology|date=2019-01-07|issn=2574-2701|pages=1–9|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.23880/fsnt-16000172|first=Polidori|last=P}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Mbhongolo|Mbhongholo]] yi ni miri wa matimba, milenge leyinene yo tiya ni tindleve letikulu leti yisaka ehenhla. Tindleve teto ti pfuna mbongolo ku twa mpfumawulo wa le kule. Yi tlhela yi va ni nhloko leyikulu ni mahlo lama vonaka kahle. Nhlovo ya yona yi tala ku va ya muhlovo wa buraweni, ntima kumbe nkuku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|date=1975-09-01|issn=1873-2968|pmid=10|pages=1639–1641|volume=24|issue=17|first=A.|last=Schmoldt|first2=H. F.|last2=Benthe|first3=G.|last3=Haberland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mbhongholo i xiharhi lexi rhulaka kambe lexi tiyeke nhloko. Loko yi bohiwa kumbe ku rhwariwa swilo swo tika, yi kota ku tiyisela nkarhi wo leha. Hambiswiritano, loko yi twa onge yi xanisiwa ngopfu, yi nga yima yi ala ku famba. Leswi swi kombisa leswaku mbhongholo yi rhandza ku khathaleriwa kahle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Camelot Macaw: Identification, Facts, Care Guide, &amp;amp;amp; Pictures|url=https://doi.org/10.59350/btd42-bp408|website=doi.org|date=2024-01-08|access-date=2026-02-28|first=Erzsebet|last=Frey}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emigangeni yo tala, mbhongholo yi tirhisiwa ku rhwala mati, tihunyi ni swakudya. Yi tlhela yi pfuna eku limeni hikuva yi nga koka xikolopana kumbe gariki. Leswi swi pfuna swinene mindyangu leyi nga riki na timovha kumbe michini. Hi ku gimeta, mbongolo i xiharhi xa nkoka swinene lexi pfunaka vanhu eka mintirho yo hambana-hambana. Hambileswi xi nga riki xiharhi xa ku saseka ngopfu, ntirho wa xona ni ku tiyisela ka xona swi endla leswaku xi fanela ku xiximiwa ni ku hlayisiwa kahle. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=The Horse, Equus caballus, and the Donkey, Equus asinus|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4470-4_16|publisher=Springer US|work=Handbook of Genetics|date=1975|access-date=2026-02-28|place=Boston, MA|isbn=978-1-4613-4472-8|pages=337–350|first=Ralph|last=Bogart}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Camelot Macaw: Identification, Facts, Care Guide, &amp;amp;amp; Pictures|url=https://doi.org/10.59350/btd42-bp408|website=doi.org|date=2024-01-08|access-date=2026-02-28|first=Erzsebet|last=Frey}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reference ==
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mpfundla</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7806</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41380</id>
      <parentid>41166</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-03T00:12:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>7881</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>41380</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2411" sha1="tt0fkxjvnqn6y12m5ffhqb0rgtofxva" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Oryctolagus_cuniculus_Rcdo.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa xiharhi]]
'''Mpfundla''', leyi tiviwaka ngopfu hi ku saseka ka yona ni mahanyelo ya yona yo tlangela, i xiharhi leswitsongo lexi kumekaka eka tindhawu to hambanahambana emisaveni. Ti hundzuke vatlangi lava dumeke eka mintsheketo ya ndhavuko, tibuku ni vuhangalasi bya manguva lawa, naswona hakanyingi ti yimela vuhomboloki, ku navela ku tiva ni vutlhari byo hatlisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rabbit facts {{!}} Mammals {{!}} BBC Earth|url=https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/mammals/rabbit|website=www.bbcearth.com|access-date=2026-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204220703/https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/mammals/rabbit|archive-date=2026-02-04|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le nhoveni, mimpfundla i xirho xa ndyangu wa Leporidae naswona ti tiveka hi milenge ya tona ya le ndzhaku leyi tiyeke, tindleve to leha ni misisi leyitsongo. Swivumbeko leswi swa miri swi ti pfuna ku twa khombo ivi ti baleka hi ku hatlisa hi ku tlula ni ku cinca ndlela hi xihatla. I [[swiharhi]] leswi dyaka swimilani ntsena, naswona swakudya swa tona swi katsa ngopfu byanyi, makamba ni matsavu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=what is a rabbit?|url=https://www.runinrabbit.com/pages/what-is-a-rabbit|website=rabbit|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en|last=rabbit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mimpfundla yi tlhela yi rhandziwa tanihi swifuwo hikwalaho ka mahanyelo ya tona yo olova ni ku rhandza ku hanya ni van’wana. Loko yi hlayisiwa kahle&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=15 rabbit facts you probably didn't know!|url=https://www.bluecross.org.uk/advice/rabbit/wellbeing-and-care/facts-about-rabbits|website=Blue Cross|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ku katsa swakudya leswi ringaneke, vutshamo lebyi sirhelelekeke ni ku kamberiwa hi dokodela wa swiharhi nkarhi na nkarhi, mimpfundla ya le kaya yi nga hanya malembe yo tala naswona yi nga aka vuxaka lebyi tiyeke ni vini va yona. Hambi yi tshama ehlathini, eswivandleni swa byanyi kumbe emakaya, mimpfundla yi ya emahlweni yi tsakisa vanhu emisaveni hinkwayo hi ku hanya ka yona loku hanyaka ni loku rhandzekaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=10 hopping fun rabbit facts!|url=https://www.natgeokids.com/au/discover/animals/general-animals/10-hopping-fun-rabbit-facts/|website=National Geographic Kids|date=2025-04-15|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en|first=Gemma|last=Chandler}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tt0fkxjvnqn6y12m5ffhqb0rgtofxva</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tinhlampfi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7807</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41169</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:11:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>VanBestern</username>
        <id>12517</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi humelerise atikili ya Tihlampfi</comment>
      <origin>41169</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2694" sha1="4elttm99jo89rp3wwl03hbw5mdmvtaw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pristis_pristis_-_Georgia_Aquarium_Jan_2006.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Tihlampfi]]
'''Tinhlampfi''' i swiharhi leswi tshamaka ematini. Swiharhi leswi swina xirho xo hefemula (gills), timhondzo to pfuneta ku hlambela [fins], naswona miri wa swona wu ololoxeke leswaku swi kota ku famba hi ku hatlisa ematini. Tihlampfi ti tshama [[emilambyeni]] ya mati yo basa, emaqhivini, nil ematlhelo ya lwandle yo enta swinene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What's New at Science Notes - Periodic Tables and More|url=https://sciencenotes.org/|website=Science Notes and Projects|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tanihi  swiharhi hinkwaswo leswi nga ni marhambu, tinhlampfi ti ni rihlangi ra marhambu ya le ndzeni. Ti tlhela tiva  ni byongo lebyi sirheleriweke hi khapu, mfumo wa miri lowu nga ni ntlawa wa mihlovo ya ntlhanu, naswona miri wa tona wu ololoxeke hi tlhelo hinkwaro.

Ku na tinhlampfi ta muxaka wunharhu:

* Tinhlampfi ta marhambu (Osteichthyes)
* Tinhlampfi letinga na milomo (Agnatha)
* Tinhlampfi ta marhambu ya swikandza (Chondrichthyes)

Tinhlampfi ta mapapa lama nga ni marhambu ya le ndzeni i ta kilasi ya Actinopterygii, kasi tinhlampfi ta mapapa lama nga ni marhambu ya le handle i ta kilasi ya Sarcopterygii. Hinkwavo i tinhlampfi ta marhambu.

Hambiswiritano, tinhlampfi hinkwato ti na swilo leswi ti hambanaka ha swona eka swiharhi swin’wana:

* Ti ni miri lowu nga ni malweti ya le handle (ti nga ni miri wo titimela)
* Ti tshama ematini
* Ti hefemula hi swinhompfu (gills)
* Ti ni xibumbelo xo hefemula lexi vitaniwaka ''swim bladder''
* Ti tirhisa mapapa ku famba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Animal Encyclopedia With Facts, Pictures, Stories, and More!|url=https://a-z-animals.com/|website=A-Z Animals|date=2026-02-27|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinhlampfi to tala ti velekiwa hi ku tshikela matandza ehandle ka miri. Leswi swi vula leswaku nhlampfi ya xisati yi tshikela matandza, kutani matandza lawa ya kulela ehandle. Vavanuna va tirhisa swirhumbu ku khoma matandza lawa ehandle. Hakanyingi, nhlampfi ya xisati yi tshikela matandza yo tala swinene — timiliyoni — kambe ntsena matsongo ngopfu ma fika ma kula ma va tinhlampfi letikulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Active Wild|url=https://www.activewild.com/|website=Active Wild|date=2026-02-19|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinhlampfi tin’wana ti dya nyama, ti tshemba ku dya swiharhi leswitsongo. Tin’wana ti dya byanyi bya le mati. Kasi tinhlampfi to tala ti dya hinkwaswo — nyama ni byanyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bird Sology|url=https://birdsology.com/|website=Bird Sology|date=2026-02-12|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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      <sha1>4elttm99jo89rp3wwl03hbw5mdmvtaw</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mahahlwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41172</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:12:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mabundaxiluva</username>
        <id>12530</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I published a new page</comment>
      <origin>41172</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2267" sha1="9z06kvtgctbyuo4kqncbc23penqdqkx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:TWINS_HK_2019.jpg|thumb|Lexi I xifaniso xa mahahlwa]]
Mahahlwa '''I vanhu kumbe swihari leswi swinga tswariwa hi manan wunwe hi siku rinwe nahi nkarhi wunwe .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00015694|title=Bellenger, Jacques and Pierre (Twin Brothers)|date=2011-10-31|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=Benezit Dictionary of Artists}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kuna mahahlwa ma nwanyani lawa yangana manana wunwe kambe vana va papa vo hombana naswon va tlhela vatswariwa hi siku rinwe .Kuna mahahlwa manwani loko ma [[tswariwa]] yava yari rimbewu rinwe, ku tlhela kuva na ma rimbewu ro hambana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Scien fact, not fiction: How twins can have different biological fathers|url=https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/your-baby/strange-but-true-twins-can-have-different-fathers_10364945|access-date=2026-02-27|website=BabyCenter|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.'''

Mahahlwa ma hundani hi masiku ,malembe, mavhiki , ti nhweti kumbe ti awara ma hunda hi timinetse kambe ati hundi khume ra timinetse. Kuna tinxaka timbirhi ta mahahlwa, kuna lavo fana unga ehleketa leswaku I munhu wunwe kuva hambanisa swingaku tikela futhi kuna vanwani ava hambaniseki unga ehleketa leswaku I munhu wunwe ,ku tllhela kuva na lava vanga faniki ava yelani no yelana I vanhu va mbirhi vo hambana xikombiso kungava munhu wo tshuka swinene ivi hahlwa lerinwana ri ntima kumbe lerinwana ri onda ivi lerinwana ri nyuhela  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Acute Leukemia in Identical Twins: Search for Viral and Leukemia-Associated Antigens&amp;lt;xref ref-type=&quot;fn&quot; rid=&quot;FN2&quot;&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/xref&amp;gt;|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/49.4.943|journal=JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute|date=1972-10|issn=1460-2105|doi=10.1093/jnci/49.4.943}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Loko swi fika eka ta vutlhari mahahlwa amenge fani kutava na rinwe leri ringa tlhariha ngopfu ive ku tlhela kuva na leri roka ringa tlharihanga eka swa tidyondzo. Mahahlwa ya tswariwa swinwe hi siku rinwe na manana wunwe kambe loko ma lova ava lovi hi siku rinwe , unwana na unwana uva na siku ra yena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Table 2: General parameters in different genders.|url=https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4027/table-2|website=doi.org|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9z06kvtgctbyuo4kqncbc23penqdqkx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Makwanga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7809</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41173</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:12:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Howardmn'wanati</username>
        <id>12514</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe ntirho waku vulavula hi makwanga</comment>
      <origin>41173</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1200" sha1="8hoydfb8acz8ttq218yimka0kqh3ad1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Money of Venezuela - VOA.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa munhu loyi a khomeke mali]]
'''Makwanga''' hi  vulavula hi mahanyelo ya kuva munhu a nga  lavi ku avelana swilu ni va nwana, kumbe ku pfuna .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Keine erhöhte Feuergefahr?|url=https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-5103-2026-01-02-28|journal=HLH|date=2026|issn=1436-5103|pages=28–30|volume=77|issue=01-02|doi=10.37544/1436-5103-2026-01-02-28|first=Bernd|last=Genath}}&lt;/ref&gt;

vanhu lava ku kongomisiw ngopfu eka lava nga laveki ku pfuna van'wana kambe vona va lava ku pfuniwa, kunga hava swati mali kumbe ku tirha swin'wana swale kaya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cambridge Dictionary {{!}} English Dictionary, Translations &amp; Thesaurus|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|date=2026-02-25|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Makwanga]] i  mahanyelo lawa ya nga tisaka rivengo exikarhi ka vanhu, hikuva munhu un'we anga lavi ku tluriwa hi wun'wana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness + Find a Therapist|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us|website=www.psychologytoday.com|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi Tirhisiweke ==
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      <sha1>8hoydfb8acz8ttq218yimka0kqh3ad1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xidzedze</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41176</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:14:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PhumlaniMabasa</username>
        <id>12525</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>i have added new article</comment>
      <origin>41176</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2923" sha1="7ws3g031s7a29sb2em08asvjaz4o5m3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Igor_Julia_sept_15_2010_1145Z.jpg|thumb|xXifaniso xa xidzedze]]
'''Xidzedze''' i mheho ya matimba leyi vumbiwaka ehenhla ka mati yo kufumela elwandle naswona yi tisa mpfula yo tala ni xidzedze xa tilo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hurricane|url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/hurricane|website=education.nationalgeographic.org|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xidzedze xi vumbiwa loko swilo swa maxelo swi hlangana ehenhla ka mati yo kufumela elwandle etindhawini ta tropiki. Mati ma fanele ma va kwalomu ka 26–27°C kumbe ku tlula. Mati lawa ma nyika xidzedze matimba. Moya wu tlakuka wu suka elwandle. Loko wu hola, wu vumba mapapa ni mpfula. Loko moya wu tlakuka, ku sala ndhawu leyi nga ni ntshikelelo wa le hansi. Leswi swi endla leswaku mheho yi hunguta hi matimba. Ku rhendzeleka ka misava ku endla leswaku xidzedze xi rhendzeleka. Loko mheho ya le henhla yi ri na matimba ngopfu, yi nga hahlula xidzedze. Loko yi nga ri na matimba ngopfu, xidzedze xi kota ku kula.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hurricane Facts|url=https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/tropical_stuff/hurricane_anatomy/hurricane_anatomy.html|website=www.weather.gov|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpfula yo tala yi nga endla leswaku milambu yi tala. Mati ya lwandle ma nga tlakuka ma nghena etindhawini ta le kusuhi ni lwandle. Tiyindlu, swikolo ni magondzo swi nga funengetiwa hi mati. Mheho leyikulu yi nga onha tiyindlu, yi susa marhangu ya le henhla ni ku wisa mirhi ni tipholo ta gezi. Vanhu va nga vaviseka hi mirhi leyi wisiwaka kumbe swilo leswi hahaka hi mheho. Van’wana va nga lahlekeriwa hi vutomi. Miako, mimovha, tiburichi ni masimu swi nga onhaka swinene kumbe ku herisiwa. Gezi ni mati yo nwa swi nga yima ku tirha ku ringana masiku kumbe mavhiki. Mabindzu ma nga pfala, vutleketli byi nga yima, naswona ku lulamisa ku onhaka swi lava mali yo tala.  Misava yi nga hlakuriwa hi mati, mati ma nga thyakisa, naswona swiharhi swi nga lahlekeriwa hi tindhawu ta swona ta ku tshama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ocean Learning Hub - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution|url=https://www.whoi.edu/ocean-learning-hub/|website=https://www.whoi.edu/|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xidzedze a xi nge siveriwi, kambe switandzhaku swa yona swi nga hungutiwa hi ku lulamisela ni ku teka magoza ya vuhlayiseki.Yingisa radio, TV kumbe switiviso swa ximfumo.Landzela swileriso swa ku rhurha loko swi nyikeriwa. Hlayisa mati yo nwa lama tengaka.Veka swakudya leswi nga onhakiki hi ku hatlisa.Va ni xitirhisiwa xa first aid.Hlayisa tibetiri, tochi ni maphepha ya nkoka endhawini. Lunghisa ni ku tiyisa marhangu ya le henhla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How climate change makes hurricanes more destructive {{!}} EDF|url=https://www.edf.org/climate/how-climate-change-makes-hurricanes-more-destructive|website=www.edf.org|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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      <sha1>7ws3g031s7a29sb2em08asvjaz4o5m3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xiphiqo xa ku &quot;gembula&quot;eAfrika-Dzonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41177</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:14:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Matlhavani</username>
        <id>12515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>papila ra xiphiqo xo gembula</comment>
      <origin>41177</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2815" sha1="o170ugupcpgarmfu39xiglvf912o3pb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gambling_image.jpg|thumb|xithombhe xa muchini wo gembula]]
'''Xiphiqo xa ku &quot;gembula&quot;eAfrika-Dzonga'''.Xiphiqo i mhaka kumbe xiyimo lexi tekiwaka tanihi lexi nga amukelekiki kumbe lexi nga na khombo.Ku gembula i kunghenisa mali kumbe nchumu wa nkoka ekhombyeni eka xiendlakalo lexi nga tiyisekiki hi ntshembho wa leswaku u ta  wina swo tala hi ku tlherisela. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=info@digitalafrikan.com|date=2024-08-14|title=Problem gambling tears at the fabric of South African society|url=https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2024-08-14-problem-gambling-tears-at-the-fabric-of-south-african-society/|access-date=2026-02-28|website=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ma[[Afrika-Dzonga]] va becha mali yo tala swinene  swiringanyeto swi vika vuvekisi bya indasitiri bya kwalomu ka R1.14 wa tibiliyoni ku ya eka R1.5 wa tibiliyoni eka nkarhi wa 2024–2025. Ku becha eka mintlangu na tipulatifomo ta inthanete swi lawula xiyenge lexi.Ku becha ka mintlangu ku fana na Betway na Hollywood ku kurile hi xihatla naswona ku hoxa xandla eka xiphemu lexikulu xa migingiriko hinkwayo ya ku gembula.Xiphiqo lexi andzaka xa ku gembula ni ku godzomberiwa.Ku hangalaka ka ku gembula hi swiphiqo ku tlakuke swinene ku ya eka kwalomu ka 31% wa vagembuli, ku tlakuka lokukulu ku suka ehansi ka 6% hi lembe ra 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Simon|first=Stephen D|title=What Do All These Numbers Mean?|date=2006-02-23|work=Statistical Evidence in Medical Trials|pages=137–166|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198567608.003.0006|access-date=2026-02-28|publisher=Oxford University PressOxford|isbn=978-0-19-856760-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vanhu vo tala va lahlekeriwa hi mali yo tala siku na siku, laha mintlawa leyi nga sirhelelekangiki (e.g., lava nga tirhiki, va amukeri va mali ya mpfuneto wa vaaki) yi karhatekeke hi tlhelo ra timali hikwalaho ka ku lahlekeriwa hi ku becha.Swiviko swi kombisa leswaku ku fika eka 83 % wa vagembuli van’wana va le swikweleti hikwalaho ka mikhuva ya vona,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Cohen|first=Shana|date=2015-12-08|title=Morocco’s war on free speech is costing its universities dearly|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aaj.tvguahhwm|access-date=2026-02-28|website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; naswona vanhu van’wana va gembula hambi ku ri swipfuno swa mfumo kumbe swipfuno swa NSFAS.Vaxopaxopi van’wana va hlamusela mhaka leyi tanihi leyi fanaka ni “ntungu wa ku gembula” kumbe xiphiqo lexi khumbaka mindyangu ni miganga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Collins|first=Peter|last2=Kelly|first2=Joseph|date=2002-12|title=Problem Gambling and Self-Exclusion: A Report to the South African Responsible Gambling Trust|url=https://doi.org/10.1089/10921880260441770|journal=Gaming Law Review|volume=6|issue=6|pages=517–531|doi=10.1089/10921880260441770|issn=1092-1885}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''SWIHLOVO LESWI TIRHISIWEKE'''
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Homu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7812</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41178</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:15:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GracaK</username>
        <id>12512</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxile papila ra homu</comment>
      <origin>41178</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2262" sha1="d3cw4e2k88us9hrm7jxnxwfc48cqb5o" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Cow_female_black_white.jpg|thumb|xifaniso xa homu]]
'''Homu''' i [[xifuwo]] xa milenge ya mune xitlhela xiva na timhondzo timbirhi. Xihanya vutomi byo olova, xi dya byanyi ni matsavu, xinwa mati eminambyeni . mikarhi hikwayo homu yi hlayisiwa hi murisi loi axi fambisaku enhoveni nile masinwini leswaku xiyadya kona no kuma swakudya leswi ringaneke . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cow Cow is a farm animal. A cow has four legs, two ears and two horns on the head. The cow gives us milk. - Brainly.in|url=https://web-client-hi.internal.brainly-master.z-dn.net/question/54311267|website=web-client-hi.internal.brainly-master.z-dn.net|date=2022-11-17|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;murisi u pfula xivala xa tihomu ni mixo leswaku tiya aku dyeni, kutani ni madyambu murisi ati landa ti vuya exivaleni.

Vutomi bya homu byi lava ku hlayisiwa kahle leswaku xitava na rihanyu lerinene. homu yi pfuna vanhu hi tindlela to tala. Tihomu ti hi nyika masi lama tirhisiwaka ku endla masi yo khwaxa ni swakudya swo fana na nyama leyi yi katsaka nati vhoroso naswi nwana swo tala swa kudya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=10 Facts about Dairy Cattle|url=https://www.four-paws.org.za/campaigns-topics/topics/farm-animals/10-facts-about-dairy-cattle|website=FOUR PAWS in South Africa - Animal Welfare Organisation|date=2021-09-22|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-za}}&lt;/ref&gt; .Ti homu vanwana vati tirhisa ku rima masimu .

ti homu ti tala ku dlayiwa loko kuri na mitlangu, mikhuvo na mikosi leswaku vanhu vata kota ku ringana eka xixevo hikuva xikurhile ngopfu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zulu culture and cattle symbolism (ZA)|url=https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/zulu-culture-and-cattle-symbolism|website=www.southafrica.net|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;. vanhu vakhale loko homu yidlayiwa a va teka dzovo ra yona vari neka kutani va endla swiambalo swa ndhavuko va tlhela va tirhisa dzovo ku endla tingoma to chaya loko va cina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The History and Significance of Nguni Cowhides in African Culture|url=https://www.ngunicowskins.com/the-history-and-significance-of-nguni-cowhides-in-african-culture/|website=Nguni Cow Skins|date=2024-10-07|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US|last=craig_admin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nyangwa wa mindzilekano</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7813</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41179</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:15:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malender911</username>
        <id>12516</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxile papila ra Nyangwa wa mindzilikano.</comment>
      <origin>41179</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2949" sha1="o1hfa1cjiyko481wy2095vabhjsmgrv" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fred_Henneberry_at_the_border_gates_of_New_South_Wales_and_Queensland_-_1930s.jpg|thumb|Lexi i xifaniso xa nyangwa wa mindzelekano]]
'''Nyangwa wa mindzilekano'''  i ndhawu leyi vanhu ni nhundzu swi hundzaka eka yona ku suka etikweni rin’wana ku ya eka rin’wana, yi kumeka laha tiku rin'wana ri hlanganaka na rin'wana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=One-Stop-Boarder-Posts (OSBP) - The Virtual PIDA Information Center|url=https://www.au-pida.org/one-stop-boarder-posts-osbp/|date=2017-05-02|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Eka nyangwa lowu, vatirhi va mfumo va kambela maphepha yo famba kufana ni passport na visa ku tiyisisa leswaku munhu u pfumeleriwe ku nghena kumbe ku huma etikweni hi ndlela leyi amukelekaka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Travel Documentation - South African Airways - SAA|url=https://www.flysaa.com/manage-fly/before-flying/travel-documentation|website=South African Airways|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Va nga tlhela va vutisa swivutiso mayelana ni xikongomelo xa riendzo, ku fana ni ku endzela, ku tirha kumbe ku dyondza. Eka iku ra Afrika Dzonga, tinyangwa ta mindzilekano ti hlanganisa tiko na matiko ya le kusuhi ku fana na [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] Mozambique na Botswana.

Tinyangwa ta mindzilekano ti na nkoka swinene eka ku hlayisa vusirheleli ni nawu etikweni. Ti pfuna ku sivela mintirho yo biha ku fana ni ku nghenisa nhundzu hi ndlela leyi nga riki enawini, ku xavisiwa ka vanhu, ni ku fambisiwa ka swilo leswi yiviweke. Vatirhi va kambela mindzhwalo, mimovha ni nhundzu ku tiyisisa leswaku hinkwaswo swi landzela nawu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Major Immigration Overhaul Proposed as South Africa Seeks to Modernize Border Control - ImmigrationSpecialists|url=https://immigrationspecialists.co.za/major-immigration-overhaul-proposed-as-south-africa-seeks-to-modernize-border-control/|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Va tlhela va kambela swilo leswi nga ni khombo kumbe leswi nga pfumeleriwiki ku nghena etikweni. Ku tlula kwalaho, tinyangwa leti ti pfuna mfumo ku hlengeleta mali eka nhundzu leyi nghenaka etikweni, leswi pfunaka ikhonomi ya tiko.

Hambiswiritano, minkarhi yin’wana tinyangwa ta mindzilekano ti nga tala swinene, ngopfu-ngopfu hi nkarhi wa tiholideyi kumbe mikarhi leyi vanhu vo tala va fambaka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Travel Documentation - South African Airways - SAA|url=https://www.flysaa.com/manage-fly/before-flying/travel-documentation|website=South African Airways|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Leswi swi vangiwa hi ku vanhu votala va vhakacha hi tiholideyi kasi vanwani va vuya emakaya, leswi endlaku leswaku vakamberi va tirha karhi wo leha. Hambiswiritano, ku kambela loku i ka nkoka swinene hikuva ku pfuna ku hlayisa tiko ri tshama ri sirhelelekile naswona ri lawuriwa kahle. Hikwalaho, tinyangwa ta mindzilekano ti na xiave lexikulu eka mafambelo ya vanhu, bindzu, ni vuhlayiseki bya tiko.

Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tingwenya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7814</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41180</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:15:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mgingiriko</username>
        <id>12521</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I added new article</comment>
      <origin>41180</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2529" sha1="azkcr8evg4wugkf3y74efm7rd2ndk4c" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Nile crocodile head.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa ngwenya]]
'''Ngwenya''' i xiharhi lexikulu  xa le matini lexi nghenaka eka ndyangu wa crocodylida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Crocodiles &amp; Alligators Facts and Information {{!}} United Parks &amp; Resorts|url=https://seaworld.org/animals/facts/reptiles/crocodiles-and-alligators|access-date=2026-02-28|website=seaworld.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Yi fana swinene ni xiharhi xa alligator ni [[caiman]] kambe yi hambana hi xivumbeko ni tindhawu leti yi tshamaka eka tona. Ngwenya i xiharhi lexi hanyaka hi ku titimela ka miri, yi na ncila wo leha lowu nga ni matimba , nhlonghe yo tiya leyi nga ni makwati , ni milomu leyi nga na meno yo kariha swinene. Yi nghenela eka ntlawa wa crocodilia , lowu nga kona ku sukela emalembeniya timiliyoni , ku sukela nkarhi wa tidayinaso.Draft page 1&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=teamAG|date=2020-11-03|title=HERE BE DRAGONS - The Nile crocodile|url=https://africageographic.com/stories/here-be-dragons-the-nile-crocodile/|access-date=2026-02-28|website=Africa Geographic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tingwenya ti kumeka ngopfu eka tindhawu ta ku hisa ta Afrika , Asia , America ni Australia. Yinwana leyi tivekaka ngopfu i ngwenya ya nayili(nile crocodile) , leyi kumekaka emilambyeni leyi nga ehansi ka Sahara. Yinwana i ngwenya ya mati ya munyu (saltwater crocodile) , leyi nga yona xiharhi  xa le matini lexikulu swinene emisaveni  naswona yi tshama emilambyeni ni ke lwandle ra le Asia Dzongeni , ni Australia. Ngwenya i xiharhi lexi dyaka nyama , yi dya tinhlampfi , tinyenyana ni swiharhi swinwana , yi tirhisa milomu ya yona ya matimba ku khoma na ku dlaya leswi yi dyaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Crocodiles &amp; Alligators Facts and Information {{!}} United Parks &amp; Resorts|url=https://seaworld.org/animals/facts/reptiles/crocodiles-and-alligators|access-date=2026-02-28|website=seaworld.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tingwenya ti na nkoka eka mbango hikuva i vadyi va le henhla. Ti pfuna ku hlayisa ku ringanela ka swiharhi leswi hanyaka ematini ni etlhelo ka milambu . Hambileswi tingwenya ti langutekaka ti tiya , tinwana ta tixaka ta tona ti le khombyeni hikwalaho ka ku lovisiwa ka tindhawu ta tona ni ku lovisiwa hi vanhu , leswi endlaka leswaka ku va ni matshalatshala ya ku ti sirhelela ematikweni yo hambana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Crocodiles - Reptile - Nile Crocodile in Africa|url=https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_crocodiles.html|access-date=2026-02-28|website=www.krugerpark.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Swiharhi]]</text>
      <sha1>azkcr8evg4wugkf3y74efm7rd2ndk4c</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mchongolo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7815</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41182</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:15:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Scotch Neverdie</username>
        <id>12518</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe liki na tlawa wa draft2</comment>
      <origin>41182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1946" sha1="jxcur0y6l9kndaey8n86ml7kv03f0n0" xml:space="preserve">'''mchongolo'''

Muchongolo i ncino wa ndzhavuko lowu hanyaka wa vanhu va Vatsonga na Shangaan, lowu tlangeriwaka ngopfu tani hi ribye ra xisekelo ra vutivi bya ndzhavuko e Bushbuckridge, [[Mpumalanga]]. Hi matimu yi tirhisiwa ku hundzisela switori mayelana na misava, swiharhi na mimoya ya vakokwa wa vona, yi tshama yi ri nchumu wa nkoka eka minhlangano ya ntshamisano na minkhuvo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Traditional Jazz Dance Company, 1969–74|url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350428065.0013|journal=Mura Dehn|date=2025|pages=157–170|doi=10.5040/9781350428065.0013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku tlanga hi ncincancincano wa tindzimi: Ncino wu hlamuseriwa hi ku famba-famba loku nga ni matimba, loku nga ni ncincancincano wa tindzimi ni ku famba hi milenge loku nga ni magoza lama tlakukeke, hi ntolovelo wu fambisana ni ku chayiwa ka swigubu ni ku yimbelela hi matimba. Nkoka wa Ndhavuko: Yi tirha tani hi xivumbeko xa vuhungasi lebyi tiyisisaka moya wa vaaki na ndzhaka, leswi talaka ku endliwa hi nkarhi wa minkhuvo ya ndzhaka kumbe minkhuvo ya ndzhawu liya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Traditional Jazz Dance Company, 1969–74|url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350428065.0013|journal=Mura Dehn|date=2025|pages=157–170|doi=10.5040/9781350428065.0013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Swiambalo swa Ndhavuko: Vacinci va tala ku ambala swiambalo swo karhi swa ndhavuko, leswi nga katsa madzovo ya swiharhi ni swifunengeto swa mivalavala leswi antswisaka ku vonakala ka ntlangu lowu. Vukona bya Ximanguva lawa: Muchongolo yi kumile ndhuma leyi pfuxetiweke hi ku tirhisa tipulatifomo ta social media to fana na TikTok, laha &quot;Muchongolo challenges&quot; yi tlangelaka ku hundzuka ka xitayili loko yi ri karhi yi xixima timitsu ta xona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Traditional Jazz Dance Company, 1969–74|url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350428065.0013|journal=Mura Dehn|date=2025|pages=157–170|doi=10.5040/9781350428065.0013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jxcur0y6l9kndaey8n86ml7kv03f0n0</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Nyoka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41183</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:16:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CoolarCole</username>
        <id>12488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339678061|Snake]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>41183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1504" sha1="jh5hnbipcjyw0m7nd35r6faxhzty7du" xml:space="preserve">
'''Tinyoka''' i swihadyani leswi fambaku hi khwiri leswi ngari swa ntlawa lowu tsonga wa swikokovi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Reeder TW, Townsend TM, Mulcahy DG, Noonan BP, Wood PL, Sites JW, Wiens JJ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xivatla kombe, tinyoka i swiharhi leswi hanyaku swiri hava marhu ehlaneni.tixaka to talala ta fana ti hamba tsena hi mihlovo mara hikwatu ka tona ti famba hi makhwiri. Leswaku ti amukela mimiri ya tona leyitsongo, swirho swa tinyoka leswi nga ni swiphemu swimbirhi (swo tani hi xiringa) swi humelela xin’we emahlweni ka xin’wana ematshan’weni yo va swi ri etlhelo, naswona swo tala swi ni mahahu man’we ntsena lama tirhaka . Tinxaka tin'wana ti hlayisa xirhendzevutani xa nhloko lexi nga na swirho swimbirhi] eka matlhelo hamambirhi ya halandhaku laha xihumesaku thyaka hi kona. Swikokovi swina mimiri yo leha leyi yi tiyimelaka leyi hundzukeke leyinga riki na swirho kumbe leyingana swirho leswi hungutiweke swinene kwalomu ka makume mbirhi ntlhanu wa mikarhi hiku tirhisa ncila leswi yisaka eka mindyangu yotala ya swikokovi leswi nga ri ki na milenge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Wiens JJ, Brandley MC, Reeder TW|first=123–41}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leti ti fana na tinyoka, kambe mintlawa yo hlayanyana leyi tolovelekeke ya swinyenyana leswi nga riki na milenge yi na swirhabyani swa mahlo na tindleve ta le handle, leswi tinyoka ti pfumalaka swona, hambi leswi nawu lowu wu nga riki wa misava hinkwayo (vona Amphisbaenia, Dibamidae, na Pygopodidae ).
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>jh5hnbipcjyw0m7nd35r6faxhzty7du</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Mburhi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41184</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:16:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lwandlewamama</username>
        <id>12524</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi endle papila hi vu mburhi</comment>
      <origin>41184</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1885" sha1="7j62pehk816vaj4fsyaxh4mjqv05fot" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tulip_Tulipa_clusiana_'Lady_Jane'_Rock_Ledge_Flower_Edit_2000px.jpg|thumb|xiluva]]
'''Mburh'''i i rito ra Xitsonga leri endlaka nkombiso wa xihlahla kumbe xivono lexi rhangaka hi munhu  ngopfu-ngopfu hi ku fambelana ni xibyecho, xivono, kumbe timbhoni ta munhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xitsonga {{!}} Folio Online %|url=https://www.folio-online.co.za/reviews-industries/xitsonga/|date=2025-02-27|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leswi swi kombisa leswaku vanhu va kanakana ku voniwa tanihi lava ri hava mpimanyeto wa nkoka ni vutomi bya vona embilwini ya vanhu van’wana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Xitsonga {{!}} Folio Online %|url=https://www.folio-online.co.za/reviews-industries/xitsonga/|date=2025-02-27|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Loko hi vulavula hi mburhi, hi vulavulela hi xivono lexi tirhisiwaka eka ntirho wa tifomo ta munhu “ku voniwa” swinene loko munhu a ri ni xihlahla lexinene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Consonants in Changana/Tsonga|url=https://www.academia.edu/10893901/Consonants_in_Changana_Tsonga|journal=South African Journal of African Languages|date=2001|issn=0257-2117|pages=16|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1080/02572117.2001.10587461}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leswi swi kombisaka leswaku mitlhontlho ya vuxaka, [[xivono]], ni vuxaka bya vanhu swi pfuneta endzhaku ka vuxaka lebyi a va tiyimisela swona. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=University of South Africa|url=https://www.unisa.ac.za/|website=www.unisa.ac.za|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndzi ololoxa hi Xikwembu ni vanhu hinkwako leswaku hi tolove ririmi ra hina ra Xitsonga, naswona hi fanele hi dyondza hi rito ra mburhi tanihi xifaniso xa vun’wari, xivono, naswona ku va munhu loyi a vonakelaka ngopfu eka tiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=University of South Africa|url=https://www.unisa.ac.za/|website=www.unisa.ac.za|access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Madzolonga</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2932" sha1="nexgssoq04qd4qgt1ftibq5qmgknwp1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Grandville_Cent_Proverbes_page69.png|thumb|lexi i xifaniso xa madzolonga]]
'''Madzolonga''' i ku tirhisa matimba, matimba kumbe  lama nga ni khombo hi vomu leswaku ku vaviseka emirini, ku vavisa mintlhaveko kumbe ku onha munhu, ntlawa kumbe nhundzu.Swivangelo swa mona swa hambana, vuyelo bya mona bya onha swinene naswona ku sivela ka mona swi lava ku hlanganisiwa ka dyondzo, ku sindzisiwa ka nawu ni ku lemuka ntshamisano&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=violence {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/violence/additional-info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219212400/https://www.britannica.com/topic/violence/additional-info|archive-date=2025-12-19|access-date=2026-02-28|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Madzolonga a hi kanyingi ma vangiwa hi xivangelo xin’we; ematshan’weni ya sweswo, yi huma eka ku hlanganisiwa ka minkucetelo ya ntshamisano, ikhonomi, mianakanyo ni ya tipolitiki. Hi xikombiso, ku hambana ka ikhonomi ya vaaki hakanyingi ku kurisa ku hlundzuka ni ku vilela, leswi yisaka eka migingiriko ya vugevenga ni mpfilumpfilu wa ntshamisano. Vusweti, ku pfumaleka ka mintirho ni ku pfumaleka ka mfikelelo wa dyondzo swi nga endla leswaku ku va ni tindhawu leti vukarhi ni vugevenga swi humelelaka eka tona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Modise|first=John Motsami|date=2025/02/13|title=The Impact of Socioeconomic Inequality on 
Violent Crime in South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vuyelo bya madzolonga byi le kule swinene. Eka xiyimo xa munhu hi xiyexe, vahlaseriwa va nga ha vaviseka emirini, swiphiqo swa rihanyo leswi nga heriki, kumbe ku vaviseka ka miehleketo ku fana na vuvabyi bya ntshikilelo wa le ndzhaku ka mhangu (PTSD), ku vilela na ntshikilelo wa mianakanyo. Mindyangu na miganga na swona swi rhwala ndzhwalo: vana lava hlanganaka na madzolonga ya le mindyangwini kumbe ya vaaki va tala ku va na timhaka ta mahanyelo na ku yisa emahlweni swirhendzevutani swa vukarhi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=team|first=NeuroLaunch editorial|date=2025-08-21|title=Effects of Violence: Physical, Psychological, and Social Consequences|url=https://neurolaunch.com/effects-of-violence/|access-date=2026-02-28|website=NeuroLaunch.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.Ku hunguta madzolonga swi lava endlelo ra swiyenge swo tala leri kongomisaka eka swivangelo swa rona swa rimitsu. Dyondzo i xitirhisiwa xa matimba, lexi kurisaka ntwela-vusiwana, vuswikoti byo lulamisa timholovo, na ku lemuka timfanelo ta ximunhu ku sukela evutsongwanini. Minongonoko leyi nyikaka swivandlanene swa ikhonomi, ngopfu-ngopfu emigangeni leyi pfumalaka, yi nga hunguta mintshikilelo ya ikhonomi ya vaaki leyi hakanyingi yi vangaka vugevenga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2025-07-21|title=About Violence Prevention|url=https://www.cdc.gov/violence-prevention/about/index.html|access-date=2026-02-28|website=Violence Prevention|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== SWIHLOVO LESWI TIRHISIWEKE ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Madzolonga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ntshava</title>
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      <comment>ni tumbuluxe papila</comment>
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      <text bytes="2349" sha1="bjyupggylr5sawazavwsda5nubnz2i1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mountain lake, Mylgval mountain cirque, Western Caucasus.jpg|thumb]]
'''ntshava''' i xiphemu xa misava lexi tlakuke swinene ,lexi endlikiweke hi maribye ni misava ,lexi tlakuka ehenhla ku  tlula misava leyi nga ekusuhi na yona. Ntshava i rito ra Xitsonga leri vulaka mountain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Traditional Dresses in South Africa – Latest Trends from Top SA Designers – Traditional Dresses in South Africa – Latest Trends from Top SA Designers|url=https://sunika.co.za/|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; I xiphemu xa misava lexi tlakukeke swinene, lexi nga ni matluka, maribye ni byanyi. Tindzhava ti kumeka etindhawini to hambana-hambana emisaveni hinkwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Online Travel Surveys and Response Patterns|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509336467|journal=Journal of Travel Research|date=2009-05-19|issn=0047-2875|pages=121–135|volume=49|issue=1|doi=10.1177/0047287509336467|first=Bing|last=Pan}}&lt;/ref&gt;            

Nkoka wa Ntshava eka [[Vutomi]] bya vatsonga eka ndavuko wa vantsonga ,titshava ati langutiwa tanihi tindhawu ta nkoka,tintshava ti tirhisiwa tanihi ,tindhawu taku khongela ,ku hlayisa swihari ni swibyariwa swa ntumbuluko,ku hlayisa swihari ni swibyariwa swa ntumbuluku ,ku kombisa matimba hikuva ku thlandlamukaka ntshava swi kombisa matimba ya misava ni ntumbuluko .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Online Travel Surveys and Response Patterns|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509336467|journal=Journal of Travel Research|date=2009-05-19|issn=0047-2875|pages=121–135|volume=49|issue=1|doi=10.1177/0047287509336467|first=Bing|last=Pan}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ntshava eka Mincino ni Mavulavuri,loko ku vulavula hi ntshava eka risimu kumbe mavulavuri ,swinga tirhisiwa tanihi xifaniso xa matimba ,ku tiyisela ,ni ku hlula swiphiqo .ku thandlamuka ka ntshava swi fana ni ku hlula swiphiqo swa vutomi.xikongomelo xa ntshava hi leswaku ahi xiphemu xa misav tsena ,kambe xithlela xi fanisa matimba ,ndhavuko ,ni vutomi bya matsonga .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Block‐wise equaliser in fast fading channels|url=https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2014.0070|journal=IET Communications|date=2015-01|issn=1751-8628|pages=108–116|volume=9|issue=1|doi=10.1049/iet-com.2014.0070|first=Min|last=Huang|first2=Bing‐bing|last2=Li}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== SWIHLOVO LESWI  TIRHISIWEKE ==

&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Ntshava]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tihlampfi</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-28T10:24:16Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Ndzi humelerise Atikili ya Tihlampfi</comment>
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      <text bytes="2692" sha1="kvm1wc2o46udgc3r21tu1ocpcp67pte" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pristis_pristis_-_Georgia_Aquarium_Jan_2006.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa Tihlampfi]]
'''Tihlampfi''' i swiharhi leswi tshamaka ematini. Swiharhi leswi swina xirho xo hefemula (gills), timhondzo to pfuneta ku hlambela [fins], naswona miri wa swona wu ololoxeke leswaku swi kota ku famba hi ku hatlisa ematini. Tihlampfi ti tshama emadanwini ya mati yo basa, emaqhivini, nil ematlhelo ya lwandle yo enta swinene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What's New at Science Notes - Periodic Tables and More|url=https://sciencenotes.org/|website=Science Notes and Projects|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tanihi  swiharhi hinkwaswo leswi nga ni marhambu, tinhlampfi ti ni rihlangi ra marhambu ya le ndzeni. Ti tlhela tiva  ni byongo lebyi sirheleriweke hi khapu, mfumo wa miri lowu nga ni ntlawa wa mihlovo ya ntlhanu, naswona miri wa tona wu ololoxeke hi tlhelo hinkwaro.

Ku na tinhlampfi ta muxaka wunharhu:

* Tinhlampfi ta marhambu (Osteichthyes)
* Tinhlampfi letinga na milomo (Agnatha)
* Tinhlampfi ta marhambu ya swikandza (Chondrichthyes)

Tinhlampfi ta mapapa lama nga ni marhambu ya le ndzeni i ta kilasi ya Actinopterygii, kasi tinhlampfi ta mapapa lama nga ni marhambu ya le handle i ta kilasi ya Sarcopterygii. Hinkwavo i tinhlampfi ta marhambu.

Hambiswiritano, tinhlampfi hinkwato ti na swilo leswi ti hambanaka ha swona eka swiharhi swin’wana:

* Ti ni miri lowu nga ni malweti ya le handle (ti nga ni miri wo titimela)
* Ti tshama ematini
* Ti hefemula hi swinhompfu (gills)
* Ti ni xibumbelo xo hefemula lexi vitaniwaka ''swim bladder''
* Ti tirhisa mapapa ku famba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Animal Encyclopedia With Facts, Pictures, Stories, and More!|url=https://a-z-animals.com/|website=A-Z Animals|date=2026-02-27|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinhlampfi to tala ti velekiwa hi ku tshikela matandza ehandle ka miri. Leswi swi vula leswaku nhlampfi ya xisati yi tshikela matandza, kutani matandza lawa ya kulela ehandle. Vavanuna va tirhisa swirhumbu ku khoma matandza lawa ehandle. Hakanyingi, nhlampfi ya xisati yi tshikela matandza yo tala swinene — timiliyoni — kambe ntsena matsongo ngopfu ma fika ma kula ma va tinhlampfi letikulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Active Wild|url=https://www.activewild.com/|website=Active Wild|date=2026-02-19|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tinhlampfi tin’wana ti dya nyama, ti tshemba ku dya [[swiharhi]] leswitsongo. Tin’wana ti dya byanyi bya le mati. Kasi tinhlampfi to tala ti dya hinkwaswo — nyama ni byanyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bird Sology|url=https://birdsology.com/|website=Bird Sology|date=2026-02-12|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ku pfumala mati</title>
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      <text bytes="1699" sha1="0sijglxwbe8dxql7sj7r2iciy1befgr" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Water drop 001.jpg|thumb|i mati]]
'''ku pfumala mati''' emugangeni swina khombo hi kuva ma hi pfuna ku sweka ku hlamba ku endla leswi hi swi lavaka na swihari swi nwa mati lawa hi wa pfumalaka na swimilana swa hina swi lava mati (1)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Haffajee|first=Ferial|date=2026-02-27|title=Maria McCloy gig guide and the art of surviving the Joburg water crisis|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-02-27-maria-mccloy-gig-guide-and-the-art-of-surviving-the-joburg-water-crisis/|access-date=2026-02-28|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hina emugangeni wa hina hi byala swimilana leswi lavaka mati hi tlhela hi hlantswa magume kumbe mpahla hi wona swimilana swa tsaka loko swi twa mati leswi vulaka leswaku mati ma na konka swinene eka hina vavhu kumbe swimilana tihomu ti nwa mati na swihari swa nhova &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Haffajee|first=Ferial|date=2026-02-27|title=Maria McCloy gig guide and the art of surviving the Joburg water crisis|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-02-27-maria-mccloy-gig-guide-and-the-art-of-surviving-the-joburg-water-crisis/|access-date=2026-02-28|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

na swona a swi lulumanga ku nwa kumbe ku tirhisa mati yo [[thyaka]] hikuva ya ta hi vangela mavabyi lama ma nga le ndzeni ka mati mpfuneto wa mati i ku vanhu loko va kuma nkarhi va tata madirhomu na swinghubu va kangatela matiyo basa leswaku va nga khomi vu vabyi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Daily Water Notices {{!}} Johannesburg Water|url=https://www.johannesburgwater.co.za/daily-water-notices/|access-date=2026-02-28|website=https://www.johannesburgwater.co.za/|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Mahanyelo ya ngwenya</title>
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      <text bytes="4574" sha1="dtzkoqmxihu0u1lqnsd9ijgalebizkj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Crocodile_portrait,_Dubai_Crocodile_Park,_UAE.jpg|thumb|xifaniso xa ngwenya]]
Tingwenya i swihadyana leswi hanyaka ematini nale handle. Rixaka ra tona ri suka le ndzhaku eka malembe ya ti dinosaurs. Ti khoma moya ti nga hefemuli kuringana ti awara ta makumembirhi-mune hi ku hunguta kuba  ka mbilu kuuya 2 ku fika ka 3 hi minete. Ngwenya ya kota ku tswala yinga hlangananga na yinwani,mhaka yo sungula yi rhikhodiwe hi 2018, loko ngwenya ya xisati endhzawini ya swiharhi eCosta Rica yi tshikela mandza endzhaku ko tshama yiriyoxe makembe ma khume ntsevu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Status of Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) and human-crocodile interaction in Surat, India.|url=https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v29i1.17121|journal=Reptiles &amp;amp; Amphibians|date=2022-07-27|issn=2332-4961|pages=329–334|volume=29|issue=1|doi=10.17161/randa.v29i1.17121|first=Krunal|last=Trivedi|first2=Chitra|last2=Patel|first3=Marmeek|last3=Goyani}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tingwenya a ti hlawuli lexi ti dyaka xona ti dya xinwana na xinwana lexi ti nhhlanganaka na xona.Swihlawulekisi swa miri wa ngwenya swi endla ku va xiharhi lexi humelelaka eka kudya swihari swinwana.  Ti ni miri lowu  lowu endlaka leswaku ti kota ku hlambela hi ku hatlisa.  Tingwenya titlhela ti tuck milenge ya tona ematlhelo loko tiri karhi ti hlambela, leswi pfunaka ngwenya kuva yi hlambela hiku hatlisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Crocodile - Facts, Diet &amp; Habitat Information|url=https://animalcorner.org/animals/crocodile/|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tingwenya tina milenge yo mphambarhala leyi, hambi leswi yinga tirhisiwiki ku susumeta xiharhi lexi ematini, xi pfumelela ku jika hiku hatlisa naku famba hi xitshuketa ematini kutani xisungula ku hlambela.  Milenge yo phambarhala i vuyelo eka mati lawa yanga e hansi laha minkarhi yin’wana tingwenya ti fambafambaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The diet of Metriorhynchus, a Mesozoic marine crocodile|url=https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1986/1986/621|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte|date=1986-10-20|issn=0028-3630|pages=621–625|volume=1986|issue=10|doi=10.1127/njgpm/1986/1986/621|first=D. M.|last=Martill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tingwenya i swivumbiwa leswi tsakisaka no chavisa, naswona xikan’we na ti xaki namuntlha ti le henhla ka swakudya eka Mfumo wa Swiharhi.  Ti ngwenya  letikulu ti tala kuva tinga ri na valala va ntumbuluko, handle ka vanhu.  Tingwenya i tin’wana ta vaaki va khale swinene eMisaveni, ti rhelela kwalomu ka 94 wa timiliyoni wa malembe lama hundzeke eka swihadyana leswi hahaka leswi nga riki swinyenyana—ti-pseudosuchian—leswi humeleleke eka malembe ya 248 wa timiliyoni lama hundzeke.  Ku engetela eka tingwenya, ti- pseudosuchian ti katsa ti- archosaur toleto leti a ti yelana swinene ni tingwenya ku tlula swinyenyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Crocodiles: facts, myths, and symbolism in Africa|url=https://nationalmuseumpublications.co.za/crocodiles-facts-myths-and-symbolism-in-africa/|date=2023-11-06|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US|first=Loudine|last=Philip}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti alligators i muxaka wa xiharhi lexi hi ririmi ra xighezi xi vuriwaka “crocodile” hikuva i xiphemu xa order ya crocodilians.  Tinxaka ta sweswi ta 26 ta tingwenya ti avanyisiwile hi mintlawa yinharhu, laha ntlawa wun’we ku nga ti-alligator na ti-caiman, wun’wana i tingwenya ta ntiyiso, kasi wun’wana i ti- gharial.5

Ku hambana ko hlaya exikarhi ka mindyangu swinga pfuna ku hambanyisa ti gators na ti crocs.  Tingwenya i tihloti letikulu, leti hlaselaka hi tihanyi leti kumekaka ngopfu eka ti ecosystems ta mati ya munyu.Ti alligators i muxaka wa xiharhi lexi hi ririmi ra ririmi xi vuriwaka “crocodile” hikuva i xiphemu xa order ya crocodilians.  Tinxaka ta sweswi ta 26 ta tingwenya ti avanyisiwile hi mintlawa yinharhu, laha ntlawa wun’we ku nga ti-alligator na ti-caiman, wun’wana i tingwenya ta ntiyiso, kasi wun’wana i ti- gharial.5

Ku hambana ko hlaya exikarhi ka mindyangu swinga pfuna ku hambanyisa ti gators na ti crocs.  Tingwenya i tihloti letikulu, leti hlaselaka hi tihanyi leti kumekaka ngopfu eka ti ecosystems ta mati ya munyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Crocodile facts {{!}} Amphibians &amp; Reptiles {{!}} BBC Earth|url=https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/amphibians-reptiles/crocodile|website=www.bbcearth.com|access-date=2026-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251230133017/https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/amphibians-reptiles/crocodile|archive-date=2025-12-30|language=en|dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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      <text bytes="4218" sha1="cppjzoo00yuqhkptodb43zwnamtq10g" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Action_of_soap_on_oil.ogv|thumb| Xiendlo xa emulsifying xa xisibi eka mafurha]]
'''Xisibi''' i munyu wa acid ya mafurha (minkarhi yin’wana ti carboxylic acids tin’wana) leti tirhisiwaka ku basisa naku tola switirhisiwa xikan’we na switirhisiwa swin’wana.  Eka xiyimo xa le kaya, swisibi, ngopfu-ngopfu &quot;swisibi swa le xihambukelweni&quot;, i swiaki swa le henhla leswi hi ntolovelo swi tirhisiwaka ku hlamba, ku hlantswa, na tinxaka tin'wana to hlayisa yindlu. Eka tindhawu ta tiindasitiri, swisibi swi tirhisiwa tanihi swilo swo tsindziyela, swiphemu swa switolwa swin’wana, swigwitsirisi swa emulsifier ni swihlohloteri.

Hakanyingi swisibi swi endliwa hi ku hlanganisa mafurha ni mafurha lawa nga na xisekelo.  Vanhu va tirhise xisibi ku ringana magidi ya malembe; vumbhoni byi kona bya ku endliwa ka swilo swofana na xisibi eBabilona wa khale kwalomu ka 2800 BC. 
[[File:Micelle.svg|thumb|Xivumbeko xa micelle, xivumbeko xofana na sele lexi vumbiwaka hiku hlengeletiwa ka ti subunits ta xisibi (kufana na sodium stearate ): Ehandle ka micelle yi na hydrophilic (yi kokiwa mati) naswona endzeni ka yona yina lipophilic (yi kokiwa hi mafurha).]]
Emakaya, &quot;xisibi&quot; hi ntolovelo swivula leswi hi tlhelo ra xithekiniki swivuriwaka xisibi xa xihambukelo, lexi tirhisiwaka ku basisa kaya na munhu hi xiyexe. Swisibi swa le xihambukelweni i munyu wa tiacid ta mafurha letingana fomula yo angarhela ( RCO &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;sub id=&quot;mwTQ&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;sup id=&quot;mwTg&quot;&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; )M &lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, laha M kunga Na (sodium) kumbe K (potassium). 

Loko xi tirhisiwa ku basisa, xisibi xi n’okisa swiphemuphemu ni thyaka, leswi endzhaku swi nga hambanisiwaka ni nchumu lowu basisiweke. Mafurha lama nga n'okiki &quot;thyaka&quot; ma va na vuxaka endzeni ka micelles, swirhendzevutani leswintsongo leswi vumbiweke kusuka eka ti molecules ta xisibi na mintlawa ya polar hydrophilic (yo koka rinoko ra mati) ehandle naswona yi funengeta xikhwama xa lipophilic (fat-attracting), lexi sirhelelaka ti molecules ta mafurha/mafurha eka mati, leswi endlaka leswaku ti olova. Xin’wana ni xin’wana lexi n’okaka xi ta hlantswiwa ni mati. Eka ku hlamba mavoko, tani hi surfactant, loko yi cheriwe hi mati nyana, xisibi xi dlaya switsongwatsongwana hi ku onha membrane lipid bilayer ya swona ni ku dlaya tiphitotheni ta swona .    Yitlhela yi endla leswaku mafurha ya kota ku famba ni mati lawa ya khulukaka. 

Loko yi tirhisiwa ematini yo tiya, xisibi a xi rhurhumeli kahle kambe xi vumba thyaka ra xisibi (leswi fambelanaka na swisibi swo hlamba, vona laha hansi). 

=== Swisibi leswi nga riki swa le xihambukelweni ===
Leswi vuriwaka swisibi swa nsimbi i swiphemu swa nkoka swa mafurha yo tala yo tola ni swilo swo tsindziyela.  Xikombiso xa nkoka eka swa mabindzu i lithium stearate. Hi ntolovelo mafurha i ti emulsion ta xisibi xa calcium kumbe xisibi xa lithium na mafurha ya timinerali . Swisibi swin’wana swo tala swa nsimbi na swona swa pfuna, ku katsa ni swa aluminiyamu, sodium, ni ku hlanganisiwa ka swona. Swisibi swo tano switlhela switirhisiwa tani hi swilo swo tsindziyela ku engetela ku tsindziyela ka mafurha. Eminkarhini ya khale, mafurha yo tola a ma endliwa hi ku cheriwa ka lime eka mafurha ya mutlhwari, lawa a ma ta humesa swisibi swa calcium.  Swisibi swa nsimbi switlhela swikatsiwile eka swivumbeko swa tipende ta oyili ta vatshila va manguva lawa tani hi rheology modifier.  Swisibi swa nsimbi swinga lulamisiwa hiku herisa tiacid ta mafurha hi ti metal oxides:

: 2 RCO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; H + CaO → (RCO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ) &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Ca + H &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; O.

Cation kusuka eka organic base yo fana na ammonium yinga tirhisiwa ematshan’wini ya nsimbi; ammonium nonanoate i xisibi lexi endliweke hi ammonium lexi tirhisiwaka tani hi murhi wo dlaya switsotswana. 

Tlilasi yin’wana ya swisibi leswi nga riki swa le xihambukelweni i swisibi swa resin, leswi endliwaka eka bindzu ra maphepha hi ku tirha ka rosin ya mirhi leyi nga ni swilo leswi nga ni alkaline leswi tirhisiwaka ku hambanisa cellulose ni mapulanga lama nga si tirhisiwaka. Xiphemu lexikulu xa swisibi swo tano i munyu wa sodium wa abietic acid. Swisibi swa resin switirhisiwa tani hi ti emulsifiers. 

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xihloka</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Hlaisani</username>
        <id>12522</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi  tumbuluxe swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke</comment>
      <origin>41194</origin>
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      <text bytes="1275" sha1="kxv4ighufz1b2xnhd2tzttqeweuusdu" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Central-African-Sword.jpg|thumb|xihloka]]
[[User:Hlaisani/Draft 2//Xihloka|xihloka]]

i tlhari leri nga ni nsimbhi yo tiyela ri tlhela riva ni nhloko yo kariha leri tirhisiwaku ku tsema xihloka xitala ku tirhisiwa hi tinxaka ta vantima ngopfu hikuva va tirhisa ku tsema hixona ,kufana na mitsinya ,tihunyi kambe  kambe vanwani vanga xitirhisa ku pandzela na tinhloko ya homu kumbe mbhuti lomu ntlangwini

xihloka xina vunghozi swinene loko xo huhwisa hi vana ,xitlhela xindlaya loko vanhu va lwa hi xona  hikuva xina nomo wo kariha naku tsema .xihloka xitumbuluxiwe khale hi vanhu lava ava hanya khale ava endlela ku tsema tihunyu loko vala ku sweka.ava pandzela misinya hi xona

xihloka xi endliwe hi tinsimbi to tiya naswona aswi koteki leswaku munhu angaxi tshova hambi kuri xihari xotiyela xingeswikoti ku tshova xihloka .xihloka xilava vanhu vaku tiyela kuxi tirhisiwa

7 DGN9R3vTAk67Xc-p01q5F2xkstek8NwFOdWR7Maria Mocerino, ''Interesting Engineering'', 22 Feb.]

== swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
DGN9R3vTAk67Xc-p01q5F2xkstek8NwFOdWR7Maria Mocerino, Interesting Engineering, 22 Feb.

/&gt;https://www.battlemerchant.com/en/blog/safety-when-handling-swords-important-tips-for-responsible-sword-owners&lt; https://www.iziko.org.za/news/revealing-story-behind-small-sword/</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xihahampfhuka</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:07:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PhumlaniMabasa</username>
        <id>12525</id>
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      <comment>Added references and category</comment>
      <origin>41232</origin>
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'''Xihahampfhuka''' ( Xinghezi xa le Amerika ), kumbe '''xihahampfhuka''' ( Xinghezi xa Commonwealth ), '''xihahampfhuka''' lexi nga riki xa xiviri, i xihahampfhuka lexi nga ni timpapa leti nga cinciki lexi susumetiwaka emahlweni hi ku susumetiwa hi njhini ya jet, xihaha-mpfhuka phatsa kumbe njhini ya rocket .  Swihaha-mpfhuka swi ni vukulu byo hambana-hambana, swivumbeko ni swivumbeko swo hambana hambana swa timpapa . Nxaxamelo wo anama wa matirhiselo ya swihahampfhuka wu katsa vuhungasi, ku fambisiwa ka nhundzu na vanhu, masocha na ndzavisiso .

Misaveni hinkwayo, swihahampfhuka swa mabindzu swi rhwala vakhandziyi vo tlula mune wa tibiliyoni lembe na lembe hi swihahampfhuka  naswona swi fambisa ku tlula 200 wa tibiliyoni ta tithani tikhilomitara  ta ndzhwalo lembe na lembe, leswi nga ehansi ka 1% wa ku famba famba ka ndzhwalo emisaveni hinkwayo.  Swihahampfhuka swo tala swi fambisiwa hi muchayeri wa xihahampfhuka, kambe swin’wana swi endleriwe ku lawuriwa hi le kule kumbe hi khompyuta, ku fana ni ti- drone.

Vamakwavo va Wright va sungule ku hahisa xihahampfhuka xo sungula hi 1903, lexi tivekaka tani hi &quot;ku haha ko sungula loku tiyeke naku lawuriwa loku tirhisaka matimba yo tika kutlula moya&quot;.  Va ake eka mintirho ya George Cayley, ku sukela hi 1799, loko a veka mianakanyo ya xihahampfhuka xa manguva lawa (naswona endzhaku a aka no haha timodeli na swihahampfhuka leswi humelelaka swo rhwala vakhandziyi )  na ntirho wa musunguri wa le Jarimani wa swihahampfhuka swa vanhu Otto Lilienthal, loyi, exikarhi ka 1867 na 1896, na yena a dyondzeke ku haha loku tikaka ku tlula moya. Ku ringeta ku baleka ka Lilienthal hi 1891 ku voniwa tanihi masungulo ya ku baleka ka vanhu.  Endzhaku ka ku tirhisiwa ka yona loku nga nyawuriki eka nyimpi yo sungula ya misava, thekinoloji ya swihaha-mpfhuka yi ye emahlweni yi hluvuka. Swihaha-mpfhuka a swi ri kona eka tinyimpi hinkwato letikulu ta nyimpi ya vumbirhi ya misava .

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==

* Blatner, Davhida. ''Buku Ya Ku Haha: Hinkwaswo Leswi U Tshame U Swi Tivutisa Hi Ku Famba Hi Swihaha-mpfhuka'' . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8027-7691-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-8027-7691-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
[[Category:Xihahampfhuka]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Penda</title>
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    <id>7826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41234</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:07:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>VanBestern</username>
        <id>12517</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi humelerise Atikili ya Pende kusuka eka Xinghezinkuya eka Xitsonga</comment>
      <origin>41234</origin>
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      <text bytes="875" sha1="24tswwl8rus1qmrwg364kvkp7lg2s6y" xml:space="preserve">Pende i nchumu kumbe nkatsano lowu, loko wu cheliwa eka nchumu lowu nga tiya wu pfumeleriwaka ku oma, wu engetela swihlawulekisoo swo fana na muhlovo. Tanihi ntolovelo, leswi swi tirhisiwa ku endla xifaniso kumbe swifaniso leswi tiviwaka tanihi xifaniso. Pende yi nga endliwa hi mihlo yo tala. Tipende to tala ti endliwa hi mafurha kumbe hi mati, naswona yin'wana na yin'wana yi na swihlawulekisi swo hambana hambana.

Swivumbeko swa khale swa pende a swi tirhisiwa eka  makume wa magidi ya malembe  lawa hundzeke eka swifaniso swa le minkeleni .  

Switirhisiwa swo  basisa  swa hambana eka pende ya mati ku tlula pende ya mafurha. Tipende leti nga ni mati na tipende leti nga na mafurha ti ta basisiwa hi ndlela yo hambana hi ku ya hi mahiselo ya le handle ya nchumu lowu nga ni pende (ku fana na yindlu).

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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  <page>
    <title>Mhuti yo toloveleka</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:08:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thulani Admire</username>
        <id>12531</id>
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      <comment>nitumbuluxi nongonoko wa swihlovo na ntlawa wa papila</comment>
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{{Speciesbox|name=Common duiker|image=Céphalophe de grimm, crop.jpg|image_caption=Adult male in [[Pendjari National Park]], [[Benin]]|image2=Bush Duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) female (17326060406), crop.jpg|image2_caption=Adult female in the [[Kruger National Park]], [[South Africa]]|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |date=2016 |title=''Sylvicapra grimmia'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T21203A50194717 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21203A50194717.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;|genus=Sylvicapra|parent_authority=[[William Ogilby|Ogilby]], 1837|species=grimmia|authority=([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])|display_parents=2|synonyms=''Capra grimmia'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}&lt;br /&gt;
''Moschus grimmia'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1766}}}}

'''Mhuti'''( '''''Sylvicapra grimmia''''' ), leyi tlhelaka yi tiviwa tani hi &quot;'''''grey duiker&quot;''''' kumbe &quot;'''''bush duiker&quot;''''', i antelope leyintsongo naswona hi yona ntsena xirho xa muxaka wa &quot;'''''Sylvicapra&quot;''' .'' Muxaka lowu wu kumeka hinkwako eAfrika edzongeni wa Sahara, ku nga katsiwi Rimhondzo ra Afrika na makhwati ya mpfula ya swiphemu swa le xikarhi na le vupeladyambu bya [[Afrika|tikonkulu]]. Hi ntolovelo, ti kumeka etindhawini leti ku nga ni swimilana leswi eneleke leswaku ti kota ku tumbela— savannah na tindhawu leti nga ni switsunga, ku katsa ni le matlhelo ya tindhawu leti vanhu va tshamaka eka tona . 

== Nhlamuselo ==
Muhlovo wa muxaka lowu wa hambana swinene eka ndzhawu ya wona leyikulu . Kuna tinxaka 14 ta  letintsongo leti hlamuseriweke, ku sukela eka ti -&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;chestnut&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; etindhawini leti nga ni makhwati ya le [[Angola]] ku ya eka grizzled ya mpunga eka-savanna ta le n’walungwini ni mindzhuti ya buraweni wo dzwihala etindhawini leti omeke. Yikula kuya kwalomu ka 50 cm (20.) hi ku leha naswona hi ntolovelo yi tika 12 Kuya eka 25 kg (26 ku ya eka 55 lb) ; hi xitalo ta xisati  tikulu naswona ti tika kutlula ta xinuna.I ya xinuna ntsena leyingana timhondzo naswona leti tinga kula kuya eka 11 cm (4.3.) hi ku leha. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Kulaveka vumbhoni|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2025)&quot;&gt;ku tshahiwa ka laveka&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Mahanyelo ==
Kutswalana swiendliwa lembe hinkwaro naswona ya xisati yitswalela ximunhutana xin’we endzhaku ka nkarhi wo tika wa tsevu kuya eka nkombo  wa tinhweti. Mhuti leyi tolovelekeke yina swakudya swo anama; handle ko lava matluka, swiluva, mihandzu ni swirhabyani, ti tlhela ti dya switsotswana, tinjiya, swinyenyana leswitsongo ni swihadyana leswi mamisaka, hambi ku ri nyama.Loko ntsena tiri na swimilani swodya (leswi ti kumaka mati nyana eka swona),tinga famba tinga nwi kuringana nkarhi woleha swinene. Hakanyingi hi nguva ya timpfula, a ti nwi mati nikatsongo, ematshan’wini ya sweswo ti kuma mati eka mihandzu. Hakanyingi tita hlota mihandzu leyi ehansi ka mirhi leyi tindlopfu ti dyaka eka yona.Ti tirha vusiku na nhlikanhi, kambe ti tirha ngopfu na vusiku ekusuhi na tindzhawu leti vanhu va tshamaka eka tona, ku ehleketiwa leswaku hikokwalaho ka vukona bya timbyana ta nhova na vanhu.

{{Reflist}}

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Xifuva</title>
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        <id>12527</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340108047|Breast]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Mavele''' i swilo swimbirhi leswi vonakaka leswi kumekaka eka ndzhawini ya le henhla ya ventral ya torso exikarhi ka vanhu na ti primate tin'wana . eka rimbewura xinuna ni ra xisati  ri kula mavele ku suka eka tinyama leti fanaka ta embryological . Vukulu lebyi ringanaka na ku kula ka mavele i ku hambana lokunkulu ka rimbewu ra xinuna  exikarhi ka ra xisati na ra  xinuna. Nakambe ku ni ku hambana lokukulu ka vukulu exikarhi ka vanhu. Ku kula ka mavele loku nga heriki hi nkarhi wa vuhlangi ku vangiwa hi ti- estrogen leti fambisanaka ni homoni leyi kulaka . Vanhu va xisati hi vona ntsena vanhu  lava mamisaka lava  kulaka mavele ,hi laha ku nga heriki loko vari  emalembeni ya kondlo-a-ndzi-dyi; swihari swin'wana hinkwaswo leswi mamisaka swi kula tinyama ta swona ta mavele hi nkarhi wo hetelela wa ku tika .

Eka  va  xisati, mavele ma tirha tanihi ndzhuti wa mavele, lowu tumbuluxaka ni ku tumbeta masi leswaku ma phamela tincece .  Mafurha ya le hansi ka nhlonge ya funengeta no funengeta netiweke ya ti duct leti hlanganaka eka xirho xa mavele, naswona tinyama leti ti nyika xifuva vukulu bya xona byo hlawuleka na xivumbeko xa xirhendzevutani. Emakumu ka ti- duct ku ni ti- lobule, kumbe marhambu  ma[ti- alveoli,] laha masi ma endliwaka ni ku hlayisiwa kona  ku hlamula swikombiso swa tihomoni .  Hi nkarhi wa ku tika, mavele ma hlamula eka ku tirhisana loku hlanganeke  ka tihomoni, ku katsa na [ti-estrogen], progesterone, na [prolactin,] leti hlanganisaka ku hetisisiwa ka ku kula ka rona, ku nga ku vupfa ka lobuloalveolar, eku lunghiseleleni ka ku mamisa.

Ku katsa ni ntirho wa wona lowukulu wo nyika tincece swakudya, mavele ma nga ha va ni xiave lexikulu eka ndlela leyi miri wa wansati wu vonakaka  ha yona ni ku koka rinoko ka rimbewu . Mavele, ngopfu-ngopfu nhlungu , ma nga va ndhawu leyi nga ni ku naveta ka rimbewu, naswona ma nga va xiphemu xa masangu . Mindhavuko yin’wana yi vula leswaku mavele ya xisati ma va ni swihlawulekisi swa ntshamisano ni swa rimbewu, naswona yi nga ha teka mavele lama nga ambalangiki nchumu emahlweni ka vanhu tanihi lama nga xiximekiki kumbe lama nga mangati khoma ku biha . Mavele ya nga yimela ku veleka, vusati kumbe ku tala . Mavele ma kombisiwile eka swifaniso swa khale ni swa manguva lawa, vutshila ni ku teka swifaniso.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist}}

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    <title>Buloho ra Nelson Mandela</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:06:23Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Xikombiso1</username>
        <id>11662</id>
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      <comment>Added ref list and category</comment>
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      <text bytes="2174" sha1="8vjuzgy3iwijtwo3aq6c671o2butvkl" xml:space="preserve">'''Buloho ra Nelson Mandela''' i buloho ra le [[Joni|Johannesburg]], eAfrika Dzonga. I buloho ra vumune eka mabuloho ya ntlhanu lama tsemakanyaka mintila ya xitimela na swiyenge leswi nga evupeladyambu bya Xitichi xa xa xitimela xala Joni, ro sungula i Buloho ra Johan Rissik leri nga ekusuhi na xitichi. Ri hetiwile hi lembe ra 2003, naswona ri durhe kwalomu ka 38 wa mimiliyoni ya tirhandi ku ri aka. Xikongomelo xa buloho a ku ri ku hlanganisa tindhawu timbirhi letikulu ta mabindzu ta Braamfontein na Newtown xikan'we na ku pfuxeta na ku antswisa doroba. Buloho leri ri vumba xiphemu xa Gondzo ra M27 ra Johannesburg. Buloho ra Nelson Mandela a ku ri buloho ro leha swinene eAfrika Dzonga, ku ringana malembe ya 21, ku fikela loko ri tluriwa hi Buloho le ri vuriwaka Msikaba.

Buloho leri hlanganisaka Braamfontein na doroba ra Johannesburg ri hlamuseriwe ro sungula hi Steve Thorne na Gordon Gibson, loyi a nga muendli va tipulani ta madoroba, hi 1993 eka dyondzo ya vona ya tipulani ta doroba ra Johannesburgo. Eka ndzavisiso wa vona va thye buloho leri vito ra Nelson Mandela hi ku tlangela ntirho lowu Nelson Mandela a wu endleke wo  hlanganiseni vanhu va Afrika Dzonga, tanihi xikombiso xa ku hlangana ni vun'we.

Buloho leri ri akiwe ehenhla ka 42 wa tilayini ta xitimela handle ko kavanyeta ku famba ka switimela naswona ri lehe kwalomu ka 284 wa timitara. Ku akiwe tiphuphu timbirhi hi tinsimbhi leti nga cheriwa khonkriti, en'walungu na le dzongeni, leti nga na kwalomu ka 42 na 27 wa timitara hi ku landzelelana. Vanjhiniyara va ringetile ku endla leswaku buloho ri vevuka hi laha swi nga kotekaka ha kona naswona va tirhise nsimbi leyi nga ni khonkhiriti leswaku ri nga tiki. Buloho leri ri na mintila yimbirhi naswona ri na tindlela to famba hi milenge eka matlhelo hamambirhi. Buloho leri ra vonakala ku suka eka rin'wana ra magondzo lama tivekaka swinene ya doroba ra Joni, kunga gondzo lerikulu ra M1. Ku tirhisiwe kwalomu ka 4,000 cubic wa timitara ta khonkhiriti na kwalomu ka 1,000 wa tithani ta nsimbi ku aka buloho leri. Bulohoi ri voningiwa hi mivala ya nkwangulatilo nivusiku.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mabhuloho]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gwava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7831</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41228</id>
      <parentid>41200</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:06:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pam Gavaza08</username>
        <id>12528</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxile swihlovo na khategori</comment>
      <origin>41228</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3102" sha1="argnbcskaq0dgbsh4zzpdlsxvz1nsqe" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:Guava_pink_fruit.jpg|thumb|Gwava na xilayi]]
'''Gwava''' nakambe ri tiviwa tanihi 'guava-pear' eka swifundzha swo hambana-hambana, i muhandzu lowu tolovelekeke wa le tindhawini to hisa lowu byariwaka eka tindhawu to tala ta le tindhawini leti hisaka ni leti nga ehansi ka tona. Gwava leri tolovelekeke i nsinya lowutsongo wa ndyangu wa myrtle (Myrtaceae), lowu tumbulukaka e[[Meksiko|Mexico]], Amerika Xikarhi, Caribbean na le n'walungwini wa Amerika Dzonga.
[[File:Guava_fruit_tree.jpg|thumb]]
Vito ra gwava ri tlhela ri nyikiwa tinxaka tin'wana ta muxaka wa ku fana na murhoboyila gwava na xiyenge guava. Hi 2019, 55 wa timiliyoni ta tithani ta ma-guava ti endliwile emisaveni hinkwayo, ti rhangeriwa hi [[Indiya|India]] hi 75% ya ntsengo. Hi ku ya hi swimilana, ti-guava i mihandzu.

== Ntivo-vutomi bya rito ==
Rito leri nge ''gwava'' ri vonaka ri tirhisiwe ku sukela exikarhi ka lembe-xidzana ra vu-16.Vito leri ri huma eka Xitaíno, ririmi ra Vaarawak, tanihi {{Lang|arw|guayabo}} eka ''murhi wa gwava'' hi ku tirhisa [[Xipaniya]] eka {{Lang|es|guayaba}} . Ri cinciwile hi tindzimi to tala ta le Yuropa na le Asia, yi ri na xivumbeko lexi fanaka.

== Masungulo na ku hangalaka ==
Ma gwava ya sungule kusuka eka ndzhawu leyi ku ehleketiwaka leswaku yisuka e Mexico, Central America kumbe n’walungu wa South America kuya eka ndzhawu hinkwayo ya Caribbean. Tindzhawu ta vuyimburi e Peru ti humese vumbhoni bya ku byariwa ka magwava kusukela hi 2500&amp;nbsp;BC.

Gwava ri amukeriwile tani hi xibyariwa eka subtropical na tropical Asia, swiphemu swa United States (Florida na Hawaii), tropical Afrika na Oceania. Ma guava ya nghenisiwile e Florida hi lembe xidzana ravu 19 naswona ti byariwa kona kuya fika en'walungwini wa Sarasota, Chipley, Waldo na Fort Pierce . Hambiswiritano, i muhaxi wosungula wa Caribbean fruit fly naswona tifanele ku sirheleriwa eka ku hlaseriwa eka tindzhawu ta Florida laha xitsotswana lexi xinga kona. 

Ma gwava ya byariwa ematikweni yo hlayanyana ya tropical na subtropical. Tinxaka to hlayanyana ti byariwa hi ndlela yo xavisa; apula guava na ti cultivars ta yona hi tona leti xavisiwaka ngopfu emisaveni hinkwayo. Ma gwava ya tlhela ya  mila e dzonga vupela dyambu bya Europe, ngopfu ngopfu e Costa del Sol e Málaga (Spain) nale Greece laha magwava yanga byariwa hiku xavisiwa kusukela exikarhi ka lembe xidzana ravu 20 naswona ti andza tani hi ti cultivars. Misinya leyi vupfeke ya tinxaka totala yikota ku tiyisela swinene eka xirhami naswona yinga hanya eka mahiselo lawa ya titimelaka nyana kutlula {{Convert|25|F|C}} kuringana nkarhi wo koma, kambe swimilani leswintsongo swinga endleka swititimela kuya ehansi.

Ma gwava ya tsaka eka vabyari vale makaya eka tindzhawu ta subtropical tani hi yin’wana ya mihandzu nyana ya tropical leyinga kulaka kuya eka vukulu bya mihandzu eka swibyariwa swale endzeni ka yindlu. Loko yi byariwa kusuka eka mbewu, misinya ya gwava yinga tswala mihandzu eka malembe mambirhi, naswona yinga ya emahlweni yi endla tano kuringana makume mune wa malembe.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Mihandzu]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xihenge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7832</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41223</id>
      <parentid>41201</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:01:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PookieM</username>
        <id>12510</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>i have remove the references</comment>
      <origin>41223</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1041" sha1="boc397hrkd61fc82jdw8zmbclhtvrxv" xml:space="preserve"> 

Xihenge (Ananas comosus) i swimilana swa le tindhawini to hisa leswi nga ni mihandzu leyi dyiwaka; i ximilana lexi nga duma swinene eka ikhonomi ya ndyangu wa Bromeliaceae.

Xihenge xi huma [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|eAmerika Dzonga]], laha xi byariweke kona ku ringana malembe yo tala.  Ku tumbuluxiwa ka ximilani xa xihenge e [[Yuropa|Europe]] hi lembe ra xidzana ravu 17 swiendle leswaku xiva xifaniso xa nkoka wa ndhavuko wo hlawuleka.  Kusukela hiva 1820s, swihenge a swi byariwa hiku xavisiwa eka swi yindlwana swo hlayisa swimilana . Mihandzu leyi yi pfuna ngopfu eka ku endla ti juzi, yi ni matirhiselo yo hambana-hambana eka swakudya ni le ka ti dizete .

Swihenge swikula tani hi xihlahla lexintsongo; swiluva ha xin'we-xin'we swa ximilani lexi nga riki na vulombe swi hlangana swi vumba mihandzu yo tala . Hi ntolovelo ximilani lexi xi hangalaka kusuka ehansi ku fikelela ehenhla ka mihandzu kumbe kusuka eka xirhabyani xale tlhelo, naswona hi ntolovelo xivupfa endzhaku ka lembe. 

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thelevhixini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7833</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41226</id>
      <parentid>41220</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:06:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mabundaxiluva</username>
        <id>12530</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added refrence list and category</comment>
      <origin>41226</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2916" sha1="qxm76oc9lrhtpx8yd5ytdp7lodrtlvk" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:Cptvdisplay.jpg|thumb|Swiamukeri swa thelevhixini swa xikirini xo lala leswi kombisiweke leswaku swi xavisiwa exitolo xa switirhisiwa swa elektroniki swa vatirhisi hi 2008]]
'''Thelevhixini''' ( '''TV''' ) i xitirhisiwa xa vuhlanganisi bya riqingho xo hundzisela swifaniso leswi fambelanaka na mpfumawulo. Ku engetela kwalaho, rito leri ri nga hi kombeka thelevhixini ya xiviri ematshan’weni yo vula xitirhisiwa xo hundzisela . Thelevhixini i [[Ta mahungu|xitirhisiwa xohi komba]]  swinavetiso, vuhungasi, mahungu ni mintlangu. Xitirhisiwa lexi xi ti ku tlula xiyanimoya, leswi vulaka swigingi swa mimpfumawulo leswi  swi humelelaka eka swiamukeri swa xiya-ni-moya .

Thelevhixini y isungule ku kumeka hi swivumbeko swa crude experimental kwalomu kava 1920s, kambe endzhaku ka malembe yo hlaya , nhluvukiso lowu yaka emahlweni ntsena thekinoloji leyintshwa yi xavisiwa eka vatirhisi. Endzhaku ka Nyimpi ya vumbirhi ya misava, ndlela leyi ayi antswisiweke ya vuhaxi bya thelevhixini ya vantima ni valungu yi sungule ku duma eUnited Kingdom ni le United States, naswona tisete ta thelevhixini ti sungule ku toloveleka emindyangwini, emabindzwini ni le minhlanganweni. Hi kwalomu ka 1950, thelevhixini a ku ri yona ndlela leyikulu yo kucetela mavonelo ya vanhu .  Exikarhi ka malembe yava 1960, vuhaxi bya mihlovo byi sungurile e US na matiko man’wana yotala lawa ya hluvukeke.

Ku kumeka ka mixaka yo hambanahambana ya swihangalasamahungu swa vuhlayiseko bya tiko tanihi tithepi ta Betamax na VHS, LaserDiscs, ti- hard disk drive ta vuswikoti lebyikulu, ti-CD, ti-DVD, ti-flash drive, ti HD DVD ta nhlamuselo ya le henhla na ti-Blu-ray Disc, na ti- cloud digital video recorders swi endlile  leswaku vahlaleri va kota ku hlalela swilo leswi rhekhodiwaka kuya emahlweni swilo swo tanihi tifilimi ekaya hi xiyimiso xa vona xa nkarhi. Hikwalaho ka swivangelo swo tala, swinene  ku olova ka ku vuyisa ekule, ku hlayisiwa ka minongonoko ya thelevhixini ni yati vhidiyo sweswi na kona ku humelela eka papa ku fana ni vukorhokeri byati vhidiyo hi ku landza xilaveko hi Netflix . Eku sunguleni ka lembe ra 2010, ku hundziseriwa ka thelevhixini ya xidijitali ku engeteleke swinene hi ku duma. Nhluvukiso wun’wana a ku ri ku suka eka thelevhixini ya nhlamuselo leyi tolovelekeke (DTV) ( 576i, leyi nga ni milayeni ya 576 leyi hlanganisiweke ya xiboho na 480i ) ku ya eka thelevhixini ya nhlamuselo ya le henhla (HDTV), leyi nyikaka xiboho lexi tlakukeke swinene. HDTV yi nga ha hundziseriwa hi tifomati to hambanahambana: 1080p, 1080i na 720p . Ku sukela hi lembe ra 2010,  ku tumbuluxiwa ka thelevhixini yo tlhariha, thelevhixini ya Inthanete yi engetele ku kumeka ka minongonoko ya thelevhixini na tifilimi hi ku tirhisa inthanete hi ku tirhisa vukorhokeri bya vhidiyo byo khuluka byo fana ni Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, iPlayer na Hulu .

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mavonakule]]</text>
      <sha1>qxm76oc9lrhtpx8yd5ytdp7lodrtlvk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gama</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7834</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41237</id>
      <parentid>41203</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:08:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Matlhavani</username>
        <id>12515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ni tumbuluxile nongonoko wa swihlovo na ntlawa</comment>
      <origin>41237</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3601" sha1="gfo0kf89ovf5dnkbg8ma40dj0dgwysy" xml:space="preserve">
'''Gama''' i vito leri tolovelekeke ra swinyenyana swo karhi leswikulu leswi dyaka eka ndyangu wa &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accipitridae&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Loko kuri eka xiyimo xa ti &quot;gene&quot;, i ndyangu lowuntsongo ntsena wa &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aquilinae&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; lowu vumbiwaka hi magama ma mampela, tinxaka tin’wana totala titala kuvuriwa magama, kufana na bald eagle, naswona rito leri hi xitalo ari rhwali ntiko wa &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;taxonomic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Vunyingi bya tinxaka ta 68 ta tinjiya ti huma eEurasia ni [[Afrika|le Afrika]]. Ehandle ka ndhawu leyi, ku nga kumeka tinxaka ta 14 ntsena—timbirhi eAmerika [[Amerikha ya le N'walungu|N’walungu]], nkaye [[Amerikha ya le Dzongeni|eAmerika Xikarhi ni le Dzongeni]] ni tinharhu [[Ostraliya|eAustralia]].

Magama ahi ntlawa wa ntumbuluko kambe kahle kahle swi vula muxaka wun’wana na wun’wana wa xinyenyani lexi dyaka swiharhi leswikulu nyana kuva swi hlota leswikulu (kwalomu ka vo 50&amp;nbsp;cm hiku leha kumbe ku tlula hi ku angarhela) swihadyani swa marhambu ya nhloko.

== Ntivo-vutomi bya rito ==
Rito gama ri lomba eka Xinghezi ku suka eka Xifurwa xa Khale [[wiktionary:aigle#Old_French|''aigle'']], eku heteleleni ku suka eka Xilatini ''[[wiktionary:aquila#Latin|aquila]]'' . Yi fambelana na marito yo fana na ''[[wiktionary:aigle#French|aigle]]'' ya Xifurwa, ''[[wiktionary:águia#Portuguese|águia]]'' [[Xiputukezi|ya Xiputukezi]] na ''[[wiktionary:águila#Spanish|águila]]'' [[Xipaniya|ya Xipaniya]] .  Hi matimu, rito ra [[Xinghezi]] ra ndzhavuko ro vula gama a ku ri &quot;ern&quot; (hi Xilungu xa khale: ''earn''[[wiktionary:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arnuz|)]], leswi humaka eka ''Proto-Germanic''​''[[wiktionary:Aar#German|​]]''​ *''arnuz, [[wiktionary:arend#Dutch|​]]​ [[wiktionary:örn#Swedish|​]]''​[[wiktionary:𐌰𐍂𐌰#Gothic|​]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;naswona  xisweswo yi fambelana na marito man'wana lama fanaka hi tindzimi ta xi ''Germanic kufana na Geramn Aar, Dutch arend, Swedish orn na Gothic(ara).'' Rito &quot;ern&quot; kumbe &quot;erne&quot; ra ha tirhisiwa eka Xinghezi xa manguva lawa loko ku kongomisiwa eka tinxaka tin'wana letikulu ta magama, ngopfu-ngopfu ti- &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;fish&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; eagles. Hambi leswi vativi van’wana va swinyenyana vanga tsakelaka rito leri tani hi ndlela yo hambanyisa ti ''fish eagles'' kusuka eka magama ma ntiyiso, tinxaka hinkwato ta ti ''fish eagle'' (kufana na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;bald eagle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;white-tailed eagle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;) ta hatala kuvuriwa magama.

== Nhlamuselo ==
Tinjiya i swinyenyana leswikulu leswi akiweke hi matimba, leswi nga ni tinhloko ni milomu yo tika. Hambi ku ri tinjiya letitsongo swinene, to tanihi ntsumi leyi nga ni maphaxani ( ''Hieraaetus pennatus'' ), leyi ringanisiwaka hi vukulu ni ximanga lexi tolovelekeke ( ''Buteo buteo'' ) kumbe ximanga xa ncila wo tshwuka ( ''B. jamaicensis'' ), ti ni timpapa to leha swinene ni leti anameke hi ku ringana, naswona ti haha hi ku kongoma, hi ku hatlisa, ku nga khathariseki vukulu bya tinsiva ta tona leti nga ni moya lowu hungutekeke. Tinjiya to tala tikulu ku tlula ti raptor tin'wana, handle ka ti vulture tin'wana . Muxaka lowuntsongo swinene wa ntsumi i Great Nicobar serpent eagle ( ''Spilornis klossi'' ), leyi nga ni {{Convert|450|g|lb|0}} na {{Convert|40|cm|in}} . Tinxaka letikulu swinene ti xopaxopiwile laha hansi. Ku fana ni swinyenyana hinkwaswo leswi dyaka swiharhi, tinjiya ti ni milomu leyikulu swinene leyi nga ni swikhomo leswaku ti handzula nyama eka xiharhi xa tona, milenge leyi tiyeke, leyi nga ni misiha ni swikunwana leswi nga ni matimba .

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Gama]]</text>
      <sha1>gfo0kf89ovf5dnkbg8ma40dj0dgwysy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Orange (mihandzu) .</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7835</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41238</id>
      <parentid>41204</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:08:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndlumu</username>
        <id>12523</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbulexe papila</comment>
      <origin>41238</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8069" sha1="n98nt16etpa3o3gfawbaj1xfx0w3qh6" xml:space="preserve">
Lamula , leri nakambe ri  vitaniwaka lamumula ro tsokombela ku ri hambanisa na lamula ro dzunga (''Citrus × aurantium''), i mihandzu wa nsinya wa ndyangu wa Rutaceae. Hi ku ya hi swimilana, leyi i mpfangano wa &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwJA&quot;&gt;Citrus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; × &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwJQ&quot;&gt;Sinensis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, exikarhi ka pomelo (''Citrus maxima'') na Mandarin orange (''Citrus reticulata''). chloroplast genome, na nxaxamelo wa manana, i wa pomelo. Ku hlanganisiwa ka muvala '''wa xilamula''' wo tsokombela ku vumba mixaka ya le ndzhakunyana ya mandarin na na mihandzu ya ma girepisi. Xiluva xa orange xi ni ndzandzelelano wa xitekela xa xona lexi heleleke.

Muhlovo wa orenji wu sungule eka ndhawu leyi katsaka Dzonga wa  tiko ra China, N'walungu-vuxa bya India na Myanmar ; ku boxiwa ko sungula ka orenji yo tsokombela a ku ri eka matsalwa ya Xichayina hi 314 BC. Misinya ya ma lamula ya byariwa ngopfu eka tindhawu ta tropical na subtropical hikokwalaho ka mihandzu ya yona yo tsokombela. Mihandzu ya nsinya wa lamula yinga dyiwa yintshwa kutani yi lulamisiwa kuva yi endliwa  juzi kumbe madzovo ya yona yo nun'hwela . Hi  lembe ra 2022  makume nkombo wa mamiliyoni ya tithani ta ma lamula ti byariwile emisaveni hinkwayo, laha Brazil yi humeleriseke 22% wa nhlayo hinkwayo, yi landzeriwa hi tiko ra  [[Indiya|India]] na [[Chayina|China]] .

Malamula, ma twisisiwa hi ti tindlela to hambana hambana, ti humelerile eka ndhavuko wa vanhu kusukela khale. Ma sungula ku humelela eka vutshila bya le Vupela-dyambu eka ''Xifaniso xa Arnolfini'' hi Jan van Eyck, kambe a ti kombisiwile eka vutshila bya Machayina eka malembe-xidzana lama hundzeke, tanihi le ka xifaniso xa Zhao Lingrang’s Song dynasty dynasty fan painting ''Yellow Oranges and Green Tangerines'' . Hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-khume nwe , ndhawu yo xavisa malamula  yi hundzuke nchumu wa ndhuma e tikweni ra Yuropa, hilaha swi voniweke hakona eVersailles Orangerie . , Vatshila vo fana na[[Vincent van Gogh]], John Sloan na Henri Matisse va katse ti- orange eka swifaniso swa vona.

Murhi wa malamula i murhi lowutsongo lowu tshamaka wu ri wa rihlaza, lowu nga ni swiluva, lowu leheke hi xiringaniso ku suka eka 9 to 10 m (30 ku ya eka 33 ft), hambi leswi swikombiso swin’wana swa khale swinene swi nga fika eka 15 m (49.) ft) .  Matluka ya yona ya oval, lawa ya hlengeletiweke hi ku cincana, i {{Convert|4|to|10|cm|in}} yo leha naswona yina matlhelo ya crenulate .  Ti orange to tsokombela ti mila hi vukulu byo hambana hambana, naswona swivumbeko swa hambana kusuka eka xirhendzevutani kuya eka oblong. Endzeni naku namarhela eka rind kuna ti porous white tissue, mesocarp yo basa, yo bava kumbe albedo ( ''pith'' ).  Orange yina nhlayo ya ''ti carpels'' tohambana hambana (segments kumbe tinguluve, botanically mihandzu) endzeni, hi ntolovelo kwalomu ka khume, yin’wana na yin’wana yi hambanisiwile hi membrane naswona yina ti vesicles totala leti taleke hi juzi naswona hi ntolovelo [[Mbewu|ti pips]] ti nga ri tingani . Loko yinga vupfangiki, mihandzu ya kona yiva ya rihlaza. Makwandzasi ya grainy irregular ya mihandzu leyi vupfeke yanga suka eka orenji yo vangama kuya eka yellow-orange, kambe yatala ku hlayisa swiphemu swa rihlaza kutani, ehansi ka maxelo yo kufumela, ya tshama ya rihlaza hinkwaro. Kufana na mihandzu yin’wana hinkwayo ya citrus, orenji yo tsokombela ayi na climacteric, ayi vupfa eka nsinya. Ntlawa wa ''Citrus sinensis'' wu avanyisiwile hi mintlawa ya mune leyingana swihlawulekisi swohambana: ti oranges leti tolovelekeke, ti oranges ta ngati kumbe ta muhlovo, ti navel oranges, na ti oranges letinga na acid.    Mihandzu ya kona i hesperidium, berry leyi cinciweke; yi funengetiwe hi madzovo lama vumbiweke hi ku tiya loku nga ni swirhumbana ka rirhangu ra ovary .  

=== Masungulo ya mixaka ya mixaka ===
Mirhi ''ya citrus'' i ti angiosperms, naswona tinxaka to tala ti tala ku va  tinga bebuli mihandzu hi ku helela . Leswi swi katsa  mihandzu yo fana na magirepisi , swikwavava, malamula ni ti- citrus to tala leti hlanganisiweke . Tani hileswi ku nghenelela ka ti oranges nati citrus tin’wana swihumeleleke ti hybrids totala na ti cultivars, naswona ku cinca ka bud na kona ku hlawuriwile, citrus taxonomy yitikombise yitika. &lt;ref name=&quot;Nicolosi&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=1155–1166}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ma lamula  yo tsokombela, ''Citrus x sinensis'',  ahi muhandzu wa nhova, kambe wu humelerile eka ku fuyeriwa e tikweni ra  East Asia. Yi sungule eka xifundzha lexi katsaka Dzonga wa China, N'walungu-vuxa bya India, &lt;ref name=&quot;Morton 1987&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first1=134–142}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Myanmar .  Mihandzu leyi yi endliwile tani hi xihambano exikarhi ka mandarin orange leyinga basa na pomelo ya hybrid leyi ayi ri na xiphemu lexikulu xa mandarin. &lt;ref name=&quot;fullgenome&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=59–66|last1=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Tanihi leswi  vulavisisi bya yona ya chloroplast ku nga ya pomelo, swi nga endleka leswaku a ku ri pomelo ya xihlanganisi, kumbexana pomelo BC1 backcross, leyi a yi ri mutswari wa manana wa la mula ro sungula. &lt;ref name=&quot;genealogy_review&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=640–642}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Wu&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=656–662}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hiku ya hi nxopaxopo wa genomic, swiphemu leswi yelanaka swa tinxaka ta vakokwa wa swiharhi eka lamula ro tsokombela i kwalomu ka makumembirhi wa tu phesente wa pomelo na 58% wa mandarin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wu Terol Ibanez 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=6|first=311–316}} and Supplement&lt;/ref&gt; Tinxaka hinkwato malamula yo tsokombela ti huma eka xihambano lexi xa prototype, ti hambana ntsena hi ku cinca loku hlawuriweke hi nkarhi wa ku hangalaka ka vurimi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wu&quot; /&gt; Ti orange to tsokombela tina masungulo yohambana kusuka eka orange yo bava, leyi humeleleke hiku tiyimela, kumbexana e nhoveni, kusuka eka xihambano exikarhi ka vatswari va mandarin yo basa na pomelo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wu&quot; /&gt;

Ma lamula yo tsokombela hiku famba ka nkarhi ma nyikile ti hybrids totala tin’wana kukatsa na mihandzu yo fana na ti girepisi, leyi humeleleke kusuka eka lamula ro tsokombela x pomelo backcross. Ku hlangana ka le ndzhaku loku tiendlekelaka ni loku endliweke hi vunjhiniyara exikarhi ka ti- orange to nandziha ni ta mandarin kumbe ti- tangerine swi endle leswaku ku va ni clementine na murcott . Ambersweet i muxaka wo rharhangana wa sweet orange x (Orlando tangelo x clementine) hybrid. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wu Terol Ibanez 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=6|first=311–316}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWuTerolIbanezLópez-García2018&quot;&gt;Wu, Guohong Albert; Terol, Javier; Ibanez, Victoria; López-García, Antonio; Pérez-Román, Estela; Borredá, Carles; et&amp;nbsp;al. (2018). [[doi:10.1038/nature25447|&quot;Genomics of the origin and evolution of ''Citrus''&quot;]]. ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]''. '''554''' (7692): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;311–&lt;/span&gt;316. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Natur.554..311W 2018Natur.554..311W]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:&lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-free&quot; title=&quot;Freely accessible&quot;&gt;[[doi:10.1038/nature25447|10.1038/nature25447]]&lt;/span&gt;. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:&lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-free&quot; title=&quot;Freely accessible&quot;&gt;[[hdl:20.500.11939/5741|20.500.11939/5741]]&lt;/span&gt;. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29414943 29414943].&lt;/cite&gt; and Supplement&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=1262–1267}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ti citranges i ntlawa wa swihlangi swa orenji yo tsokombela x trifoliate orange ( ''Citrus trifoliata'' ). 

Mutshila wa Dutch Post-Impressionist [[Vincent van Gogh]] u kombisile ma lamula eka swifaniso swofana na 1889 ''Still Life of Oranges and na swikwavava  with Blue Gloves'' ya yena na 1890 ''A Child with Orange'', hinkwaswo switirha endzhaku ka vutomi bya yena. Mutshila wa le Amerika wa Xikolo xa Ashcan, John Sloan, u endle xifaniso hi lembe ra 1935 ''xa Blond Nude with Orange, Blue Couch'', kasi xifaniso xo hetelela xa Henri Matisse a ku ri xifaniso xa yena xa lembe ra 1951 ''xa Nude with Oranges'' ; endzhaku ka sweswo u endle ntsena ku tsemiwa. 

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
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[[Category:Mihandzu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Damu</title>
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    <id>7836</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41241</id>
      <parentid>41219</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:18:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hlaisani</username>
        <id>12522</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi ngeterile swihlovo</comment>
      <origin>41241</origin>
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[[File:Überlauf_Edertalsperre_vom_Uhrenkopf.jpg|thumb|Damu ra edesee eHesse, eJarimani]]
'''Damu''' i xisirhelelo lexi yimisaka kumbe ku sivela ku khuluka ka mati yale henhla kumbe swinambyana swale hansi ka misava. Swihlovo leswi tumbuluxiweke hi madamu a swi tshikileli ndhambi ntsena kambe swi tlhela swi nyika mati eka migingiriko yo fana na ku cheleta, ku dyiwa hi vanhu, ku tirhisiwa ka tiindasitiri, vufuwi bya le matini na ku famba hi swikepe . Hakanyingi gezi ra mati ri tirhisiwa swin’we ni madamu leswaku ku endliwa gezi. Damu ringa tlhela ritirhisiwa ku hlengeleta kumbe ku hlayisa mati lawa yanga hangalasiwa hiku ringana exikarhi ka tindzhawu. Hi ntolovelo madamu ya tirhela xikongomelo xosungula xo hlayisa mati, kasi swivumbeko swin’wana swofana na xipfalo khukhuriwa kumbe swirhabyana(leswi tlhelaka switiveka tani hi swipfalu ) switirhisiwa ku lawula kumbe ku sivela ku khuluka ka mati kuya eka tindzhawu tokarhi ta misava.

Rito leri nge ''Damu'' ri nga landzelerisiwa ku suka eka Xinghezi xa le Xikarhi, naswona emahlweni ka sweswo, ku suka eka Xidachi xa le Xikhatsini, hilaha swi voniwaka hakona eka mavito ya madoroba yo tala ya khale, yo tanihi tiko ra Amsterdam na Rotterdam.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.bartleby.com/&lt;/ref&gt;

Madamu ya khale ya akiwile eMesopotamiya, exikarhi ka vupela dyambu, na China ku lawula mati. Swi nga ha endleka leswaku damu ro sungula leri tiviwaka i jordana)&quot;Jawa Dam (Jodana)&quot;&gt;Damu ra Jawa eJodani, leri sukelaka eka 3000 BC. Madamu ya malembe lama fanaka na wona ya vangiwa hi Ndhavuko wa Languzhu, wa Yangtze Delita.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=13637–13642}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va egipta va tlhele va aka madamu, yo tanihi Damu ra Sad -el-Kafara ku lawula tindhambhi. Le India ya manguva lawa, Dholavira a yi ri na mafambiselo yo rharhangana ya mati lama nga na 16 wa swihlovo na madamu. Damu Lerikulu ra Marib le Yemeni, leri akiweke exikarhi ka 1750 na 1700 BC, a ku ri xihlamariso xa vunjhiniyara, naswona Eflatin Pinari, damu ra Vahiti na tempele ya ximun'wana eTurkey, i ra lembe xidzana ra vu-15 na ra vu-13 BC. Damu ra Kalanayi e Dzongeni wa Indiya, leri akiweke hi lembe-xidzana ra vumbirhi AD, i rin'wana ra miako ya khale swinene yo lawula mati leyi ya ha tirhisiwaka. &lt;ref /&gt;

Vanjhiniyara va le Rhoma va ake madamu hi tindlela ni swilo swa xiyimo xa le henhla, swo tanihi xikontiri xa hayidiroliki ni khonkhriti ya le Rhoma, leswi pfumeleleke ku aka miako leyikulu. Va sungule madamu ya swihlovo, madamu ya anti gravhithi, madamu ya achi, madamu ya buterese na madamu yo tala ya achi buteresi. Le Irani, madamu ya mabuloho a ma tirhisiwa ku endla gezi ra mati ni ku tlakusa mati.

Hi nkarhi wa Malembe ya le Xikarhi, madamu ya akiwile eNedelande ku lawula mpimo wa mati na ku sivela ku nghena ka lwandle. Hi lembe-xidzana ra vu khume nkaye, madamu lamakulu ya areka ya akiwile eka Mfumo wa Britayi, ku fungha nhluvuko eka thekinoloji ya vunjhiniyara bya madamu. Nguva ya madamu lamakulu yi sungule hi ku akiwa ka Damu ra le Hansi ra Aswani le Egipta hi 1902. Damu ra Hovere, ku nga damu lerikulu ra khonkhiriti, ri akiwile exikarhi ka 1931 na 1936 eNambyeni wa Colorado. Hi lembe ra 1997, a ku ri na madamu ya kwalomu ka 800,000 emisaveni hinkwayo, laha kwalomu ka 40,000 wa wona a ma tlakuke ku tlula 15 wa timitara.

== Matimu ==

=== Madamu ya khale ===
[[File:Dujiang_Weir_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Endlelo ro cheleta ra Dujianganaekusunguleni ri akiwile hi nkarhi wa Qini dinasty, kwalomu ka 256 BC.]]
Ku akiwa ka madamu yo sungula ku humelele eMesopotamiya na le [[Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi|xikarhi ka lwadlwe]]. Madamu a ma tirhisiwa ku lawula mpimo wa mati, hikuva maxelo ya le Mesopotamiya ma khumbe Milambu ya Tigrisi na Yufrata.

Damu ro sungula leri tiviwaka i Damu ra Jawa eJordana, 100 wati khilomitara en’walungu-vuxa bya ntsindza wa Aman . Damu leri ra gravity ari na 9 wati mitara na 1 mitara rirhangu ra maribye, leri seketeriweke hi {{Convert|50|m|ft|-wide}} rirhangu ra vumba. Xivumbeko lexi xi tsariwe hi lembe ra 3000 BC.  

Damu ra Khale ra le Egipta ra Sadde kafara eWadi Al-Garawi, kwalomu ka 25 wa makhilomitara edzongeni wa kayiro, a ku ri 102 wa ti mitara yo leha eka xisekelo xa yona na 87 wa ti mitara hi ku anama. Xivumbeko lexi xi akiwile kwalomu ka 2800  kumbe 2600 BC  tani hi damu ro hambukisa ku lawula ndhambi, kambe xi onhiwile hi mpfula ya matimba hi nkarhi wa ku akiwa kumbe endzhakunyana ka sweswo. Hi nkarhi wa Vuhosi bya Vukhume-mbirhi hi lembe xidzana ra vu-19 BC, Vafaro Senosere, Amenema, na Amenemha V va cele mugerho {{Convert|16|km}} nkarhi wo leha wu hlanganisa tshikelelo wa fayimu na Nayili eEgipta Xikarhi. Madamu mambirhi lawa ya vuriwaka Ha uri lawa ya tsutsumaka evuxeni–vupela dyambu ya akiwile kuva ya hlayisa mati hi nkarhi wa ndhambi ya lembe na lembe kutani ya ntshunxiwa eka misava leyi rhendzeleke. Tiva leri vuriwaka ''Merwere'' kumbe Tiva ra Morisi a ri hlanganisa 1700 wa ti khilomitara[660sq]   naswona namuntlha yi tiviwa tanihi Birkete qhurani. 

== Swihlovo swa marito ==
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  <page>
    <title>Banana</title>
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    <id>7837</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41389</id>
      <parentid>41306</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-03T20:18:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NKaTEKOCLAWs</username>
        <id>12529</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added reference</comment>
      <origin>41389</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2656" sha1="ieaafzprvaz8rn0iut7b5xdhdrgelca" xml:space="preserve">'''Banana''' i muhandzu wo leha, lowu dyiwaka&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Banana|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banana&amp;oldid=1337659593|work=Wikipedia|date=2026-02-10|access-date=2026-03-03|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; —hi tlhelo ra mihandzu i banana  —lowu endliwaka hi tinxaka to hlayanyana ta mihandzu leyi kulu, leyi fanaka ni mirhi, leyi nga ni swiluva swa byanyi leswi nga eka muxaka wa ''musa'' . Ematikweni man’wana, mabanana lama swekiweke ma vuriwa tiphilatheyini, leswi ma hambanisaka ni '''mabanana ya ndhawu leyi omeke''' . Mihandzu ya kona yi cinca hi vukulu, muhlovo na ku tiya, kambe hi ntolovelo ya lehe naswona yi tlhela yi govekile, na nyama yo olova leyi fuweke hi xitachi, leyi funengetiweke hi mikamba, leyi nga vaka na mihlovo yo hambana hambana loko yi vupfile. Yikula kuya e henhla hi swirhavani ekusuhi nale henhla ka ximilani. Kwalomu ka mabanana hinkwawo ya manguva lawa, lawa ya dyiwaka, lawa yanga hava mbewu ( parthenocarp ), lawa ya byariwaka ya huma eka tinxaka timbirhi ta nhova – ''Musa acuminata'' na ''Musa balbisiana'', kumbe ti hybrids ta tona .

Tinxaka ta ''mabanana'' titumbuluka etindhawini to hisa ta Indomalaya nale [[Austria|Australia]] ; kumbexana a ti fuyiwe eNew Guinea . Ti byariwa ematikweni ya 135, ngopfu-ngopfu hikwalaho ka mihandzu ya tona, naswona hi mpimo wutsongo ku endla marhavi ya mabanana ni matluka, kasi tin’wana ti byariwa tanihi mihandzo yo khavisa . Vahumelerisi lavakulu va mabanana emisaveni hinkwayo hi 2022 akuri [[Indiya|India]] na [[Chayina|China]], leswi hinkwaswo swinga endla kwalomu ka 26% wa vuhumelerisi hinkwabyo. Mabanana ya dyiwa ya nga si swekiwa kumbe ya swekiwile hi tindlela to hambana-hambana ku sukela eka tikheri ku ya eka tibanana ta chipisi, ku olava, mihandzu leyi hlayisiweke, kumbe ti bakiwile kumbe ti swekiwa ntsena.

Emisaveni hinkwayo, akuri hava ku hambana lokukulu exikarhi ka dezeteni &quot;tibanana&quot; xikan’we naku sweka &quot;swekiweke&quot;: ku hambana loku ku tirha kahle swinene eAmericas nale Europe, kambe ku tshoveka eSoutheast Asia, laha tinxaka tin’wana totala ta tibanana ti byariwaka naku dyiwa. Rito &quot;banana&quot; ri tirhisiwa na le ka swirho swin'wana swa muxaka wa ''Musa'', kufana na banana yo tshwuka ( ''Musa coccinea'' ), banana ya pinki ( ''Musa velutina'' ), na mabanana ya Fe'i . Swirho swa muxaka wa ''Ensete'', swofana na mabanana ya gamboko ( ''Ensete glaucum'' ) na banana ya mavunwa ya nkoka eka ikhonomi ( ''Ensete ventricosum'' ) ya Afrika minkarhi yin’wana ya katsiwa. Tinxaka leti hatimbirhi ti le ka ndyangu wa tibanana, Musaceae .

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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  <page>
    <title>Sagole Baobab ya xitsonga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7838</id>
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      <id>41222</id>
      <parentid>41221</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:00:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SHAMAIN22</username>
        <id>12526</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi paluxepapila ra mina ra murhi wu kulu</comment>
      <origin>41222</origin>
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      <text bytes="1305" sha1="nmgwsjexhngui3ttm7ojppw9kt3lg0g" xml:space="preserve"> 

'''Sagole Baobab''' (naswona Sagole Big Tree, : I murhi lowukulu kumbe  'murhi lowu rhukanaka', kumbe '''Muvhuyu wa Makhadzi''') i Murhi lowu nga na ntikelo kumbe vungwazi naswona i murhi lowukulu wa baobab (''[[Ximuwu|Adansonia digitata]]'') e[[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga]]. Yi kumeka evuxeni bya Tshipise, eVendaland, [[Limpopo|Xifundzha xa Limpopo]] naswona yi na ku anama ka 10.8 wa timitara (35 wa timitara), xirhendzevutana xa 32.89 wa timitara (107.9 wa timitara). Swi ta teka vanhu va 18-20 ku rhendzela nsinya hi mavoko lama pfulekeke.

Ku vona murhi lowu,u nghena hi mali i R 50 hi munhu wunwe lonkulu na swona vana lava ntsongo i R 25 .

Leyi yi hundzuke nsinya wo tiya swinene e Afrika Dzonga endzhaku ka loko ti baobabs tin’wana timbirhi letikulu, Glencoe na Sunland Baobabs, ti wile hi 2009 na 2016 hiku landzelelana. Sagole Baobab yina vukulu lebyikulu swinene naswona yi hlayisa xivumbeko xa nsinya wun’we. Yi lehe {{Convert|20.5|m}} yale henhla na crown diameter ya {{Convert|38.2|m}} . 

Koloni yo tswala ya ti mottled spinetails ( ''Telacanthura ussheri'' ) yitshama eka nsinya lowu. 

== vona swinwanu ==

* Nxaxamelo wa mirhi ha yin’we-yin’we
* Nxaxamelo wa Mirhi ya Champion (Afrika Dzonga) .

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiwe ==
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  <page>
    <title>Donki</title>
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      <id>41240</id>
      <parentid>41217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:12:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bayedeee</username>
        <id>12513</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke */</comment>
      <origin>41240</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26994" sha1="1dfgmnqpsl2sh68v2uwntc6yax26c6c" xml:space="preserve">Donki kumbe mbhongholo i muxaka wa xihari lexi fanaka na hanci. i xihari lexi fuyiwaka. Donki yi huma eka muxaka wa Mbhongolo ya le nhoveni ya le Afrika, ''Equus africanus'', naswona yi nga ha vekiwa tanihi muxaka wun'wana wa '''''Equus africanus asinus''''', kumbe tanihi muxaka wunharhu, '''''Equus asinus'''''.[1] : 1 Yi fuyiwile eAfrika kwalomu ka 5000-7000 wa malembe lama hundzeke,[1]: 2 :  naswona yi tirhisiwe ngopfu tanihi xiharhi lexi tirhisiweke ku sukela ka khale. 

Ku na ti donki to hindza 40 wa timiliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo, ngopfu-ngopfu ematikweni lawa yangase hluvukaka, laha ti tirhisiwaka ngopfu-ngopfu tanihi swihari leswi pfunaka eti ndhawini letinga na dzanda kumbe ku tirhisiwa ku rhwala nhundzu. Hambileswi ti donki leti tirhaka ti talaka ku fambisana ni leti-ti hanyaka hi ku tihanyisa, nhlayo yitsongo ya ti donki kumbe timbhongolo ta hlayisiwa hiku fuyiwela kuta endza, tanihi swifuwo swa le ndlwini ni ku hundzuliwa swakudya swo nyika swifuwo swinwana e matikweni lawa ya hluvukeke.

Donki ya xinuna leyikulu i ''jack'' kumbe ''jackass'', ya xisati leyikulu i ''jenny'' kumbe ''jennet'',    naswona donki leyi nga vupfangiki ya rimbewu rin'wana na rin'wana yi vitaniwa ''xidonkana'' .  Ti donki ta xinuna titala ku hlanganisiwa na tihanci ta xisati (ti mares) kuva ti humesa vana lava vitaniwaka ''ti mules'' ; xihlanganisi lexi nga tolovelekangiki ngopfu xa hanci ya xinuna (stallion) na donki ya xisati i ''hinny'' .

== Mavito ya mavito ==
Hi ntolovelo, vito ra xi sayense ra donki i ''Equus asinus asinus'', hi ku ya hi nsinya wa nawu wa ku rhangisa emahlweni lowu tirhisiwaka eka mavito ya sayense ya swiharhi. Hambiswiritano, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature yi endle xiboho hi lembe ra 2003 leswaku loko muxaka wa le kaya ni wa le nhoveni wu tekiwa tanihi tinxaka letitsongo ta muxaka lowu tolovelekeke, vito ra sayense ra muxaka wa nhova ri na nkoka swinene, hambiloko muxaka wolowo lowutsongo wu hlamuseriwile endzhaku ka muxaka lowutsongo wa le kaya.  Leswi swi vula leswaku vito leri faneleke ra sayense ra donki i ''Equus africanus asinus'' loko yi tekiwa tani hi muxaka lowuntsongo na ''Equus asinus'' loko yi tekiwa tani hi muxaka wo angarhela muhlovo wa xihadyani kumbe swihadyani swo yelana.

Kuve na nkarhi laha, rito leri fanaka kumbe mavizweni ra ''tidonki'' a ku ri rito leri tolovelekeke ra mbhongololo. Ku tirhisiwa ko sungula loku rhikhodiweke ra mbhongolo a ku ri hi 1784 kumbe 1785.[10][11][12] :&lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 239&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;239&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Hambileswi rito ass ri nga ni mavito eka tindzimi tin'wana to tala ta Indo-European, mbhongolo i rito leri nga twisisekiki leri ku nga tiviwiki leswaku ri huma eka rona. Tinhlamuselo ta masungulo ya yona ti katsa leswi landzelaka:

* kumbexana ku suka eka vanhu va Xipaniya hikwalaho ka matimba ya yona ya nkoka-misava lama fanaka ni ya don ; mbhongolo leyi ayi tlhela yi tiviwa tani hi &quot;muchayeri wa timhalamhala wa Hosi ya Spain&quot;. 
* kumbexana xihungutiwa xa ''dun'' (dull greyish-brown), muvala lowu tolovelekeke wa mbhongolo.  
* kumbexana ku suka eka vito leri nge ''Duncan'' .  
* kumbexana ya masungulo yo tekelela kumbe ku encisa. 


Vana va xihambano xa [[zebra]] –donkey va vuriwa zonkey, zebroid, zebrass, kumbe zedonk;  ''zebra mule'' i rito ra khale, kambe ra ha tirhisiwa eka swifundzha swin’wana namuntlha. Marito lama nga laha henhla hi ntolovelo ma kombetela eka ti hybrids leti humelerisiwaka hi ku fuwa zebra ya xinuna eka mbhongolo ya xisati. ''Zebra hinny, zebret'' na ''zebrinny'' hinkwaswo swivula xihambano xa zebra ya xisati na mbhongolo ya xinuna. Ti zebrinnies ati tali kutlula ti zedonkies hikuva ti zebra ta xisati letinga evuhlongeni tina nkoka swinene loko titirhisiwa ku humelerisa ti zebras letingana ngati hinkwayo.  A ku na ti- zebra ta xisati leti eneleke leti tswalaka evuhlongeni leswaku ti ti ponisa leswaku ti ta hlanganisiwa; a ku na xipimelo xo tano eka nhlayo ya timbhongolo ta xisati leti tswalaka.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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&lt;ref name=alberta&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex598 |title= The Donkey |publisher= Government of Alberta: Agriculture and Rural Development |year= 1990 |access-date= September 1, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121116094249/http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex598 |archive-date= November 16, 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=aluja&gt;Aluja, Aline S. de; Francisco López; Graciela Tapia Pérez (2004) [http://albeitar.portalveterinaria.com/noticia/3456/ARTÍCULOS-OTRAS-ESPECIES-ARCHIVO/.html Estimación del peso corporal en burros del Centro de México a partir de la circunferencia torácica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107053944/https://albeitar.portalveterinaria.com/noticia/3456/ART%C3%8DCULOS-OTRAS-ESPECIES-ARCHIVO/.html |date=2018-11-07 }} (Spanish-language version of A. S. de Aluja, G. Tapia Pérez, F. López and R. A. Pearson &quot;Live Weight Estimation of Donkeys in Central México from Measurement of Thoracic Circumference&quot;, ''Tropical Animal Health and Production'', '''37''', Supplement 1: 159–171, DOI 10.1007/s11250-005-9007-0)&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=anzac&gt;[http://www.anzacs.net/Simpson.htm Simpson and his donkey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724021014/http://www.anzacs.net/Simpson.htm |date=2014-07-24 }} Retrieved January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=aus&gt;{{cite web|title=Feral horse (''Equus caballus'') and feral donkey (''Equus asinus'') |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/pubs/feral-horse.pdf |publisher=Australian Government: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities |access-date=June 1, 2011 |year=2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603013209/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/pubs/feral-horse.pdf |archive-date=June 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=blench2000&gt;Blench, R. 2000. ''The History and Spread of Donkeys in Africa''. Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA)&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=blm&gt;[http://www.blm.gov/az/st/en/prog/whb/adoption/burro_care.html Burro care] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204134637/http://www.blm.gov/az/st/en/prog/whb/adoption/burro_care.html |date=2012-02-04 }} U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management. Accessed February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=boaz&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jcpa.org/jl/saa26.htm|title=Syria and Terrorism|publisher=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|website=Survey of Arab Affairs|author=Ganor, Boaz|date=November 15, 1991|access-date=July 1, 2011|archive-date=June 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608014511/http://www.jcpa.org/jl/saa26.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Burden2009&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Burden | first1 = F. A. | last2 = Gallagher | first2 = J. | last3 = Thiemann | first3 = A. K. | last4 = Trawford | first4 = A. F. | s2cid = 13800072 | title = Necropsy survey of gastric ulcers in a population of aged donkeys: prevalence, lesion description and risk factors | journal = Animal | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 287–293 | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1017/S1751731108003480 | pmid = 22444232 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=burro&gt;Brookshier, Frank (1974) [https://books.google.com/books?id=CJle0QsBItYC ''The Burro''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708225733/http://books.google.com/books?id=CJle0QsBItYC |date=2014-07-08 }} Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=cabi&gt;Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ&amp;hl=en ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806060221/https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ |date=2020-08-06 }} (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{isbn|1-78064-794-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=canacoo&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Daytime activities of donkeys at range in the coastal savanna of Ghana |author1=EA Canacoo |author2=FK Avornyo |journal=Applied Animal Behaviour Science |year=1998 |doi=10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00167-1 |volume=60 |issue=2–3 |pages=229–234}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Clut&gt;J. Clutton-Brook ''A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals'' 1999.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=dad&gt;{{cite web|title=DAD-IS&amp;nbsp;— Domestic Animal Diversity Information System|url=http://dad.fao.org/|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|access-date=June 1, 2011|archive-date=March 2, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000302112706/http://dad.fao.org/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=diaz&gt;Isabel de la Cruz Cabanillas, Cristina Tejedor Martínez (2002). &quot;The horse family: on the evolution of the field and its metaphorization process&quot;, in Javier E. Díaz-Vera, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jxCQ4XMjBPIC ''A changing world of words: Studies in English historical lexicography, lexicology and semantics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224010723/https://books.google.com/books?id=jxCQ4XMjBPIC |date=2016-12-24 }}. Amsterdam: Rodopi. {{isbn|978-90-420-1330-8}} p.239&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=dohner&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rsPVUCdS04C&amp;q=donkeys+in+agriculture&amp;pg=PA188|title=Livestock Guardians: Using Dogs, Donkeys and Llamas to Protect Your Herd|author=Dohner, Janet Vorwald|publisher=Storey Publishing|year=2007|isbn=978-1-58017-695-8|access-date=2020-10-09|archive-date=2022-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304005353/https://books.google.com/books?id=_rsPVUCdS04C&amp;q=donkeys+in+agriculture&amp;pg=PA188|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ds2006&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/ |title=Home |publisher=The Donkey Sanctuary |access-date=June 1, 2011 |archive-date=May 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526100448/https://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=evans&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6194874.ece|title=Donkey 'suicide' bombing is latest tactic against patrols|date=April 30, 2009|author=Evans, Michael|journal=The Times|access-date=July 1, 2011|archive-date=May 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519061858/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6194874.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=fairman&gt;{{cite journal|last=Fairman|first=Tony|year=1994|title=How the ass became a donkey|journal=English Today|volume=10|issue=4|page=32|issn=0266-0784|doi=10.1017/S0266078400007860|s2cid=144914684 }}, cited in: Isabel de la Cruz Cabanillas, Cristina Tejedor Martínez (2002). &quot;The horse family: on the evolution of the field and its metaphorization process&quot;, in Javier E. Díaz-Vera, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jxCQ4XMjBPIC ''A changing world of words: Studies in English historical lexicography, lexicology and semantics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224010723/https://books.google.com/books?id=jxCQ4XMjBPIC |date=2016-12-24 }}. Amsterdam: Rodopi. {{isbn|978-90-420-1330-8}} p.239&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=feral&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.westhawaiitoday.com/sections/news/local-news/when-donkeys-fly.html|title=When Donkeys Fly|journal=West Hawaii Today|date=August 21, 2011|access-date=August 21, 2011|author=Lucas-Zenk, Carolyn|archive-date=May 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516044022/http://www.westhawaiitoday.com/sections/news/local-news/when-donkeys-fly.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=fox&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,336755,00.html|title=Egyptian Tomb Holds First Known Domesticated Donkeys|date=March 11, 2008|publisher=Fox News Network|access-date=November 1, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207074414/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,336755,00.html|archive-date=2011-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=grose&gt;Grose, Francis (1785) [https://books.google.com/books?id=NqHteIy-lXYC ''A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604202005/http://books.google.com/books?id=NqHteIy-lXYC |date=2013-06-04 }} London: For S. Hooper. s.v. &quot;Donkey&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!--unused&lt;ref name=hadith&gt;Al-Nawawi, Sahih Muslim, 3–4:450–1; Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, 5:194, 197, 202, 208; Abu Bakr Ibn al-'Arabi, 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi bi Sharh Sahih al-Tirmidhi (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya, n.d.), 1:133. All reported in El-Fadl.&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;

&lt;ref name=ifad&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxBrq6hTs_UC&amp;q=donkeys+in+agriculture&amp;pg=PA290|title=Gender in agriculture sourcebook|page=290|author=[[World Bank]], [[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]], [[International Fund for Agricultural Development]]|publisher=World Bank Publications|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8213-7587-7|access-date=2020-10-09|archive-date=2022-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304005353/https://books.google.com/books?id=XxBrq6hTs_UC&amp;q=donkeys+in+agriculture&amp;pg=PA290|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IMH&gt;Olsen, Sandra L. (1995) ''Horses through time'' Boulder, Colorado: Roberts Rinehart Publishers for Carnegie Museum of Natural History. {{isbn|978-1-57098-060-2}}. Cited at [http://www.imh.org/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&amp;view=items&amp;cid=192:breeds-of-the-world-by-continent&amp;id=2148:donkey&amp;Itemid=193 Donkey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011233043/http://imh.org/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&amp;view=items&amp;cid=192:breeds-of-the-world-by-continent&amp;id=2148:donkey&amp;Itemid=193 |date=2017-10-11 }} International Museum of the Horse. Retrieved February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=inra&gt;Bérard, Laurence; Marie Cegarra; Marcel Djama; Sélim Louafi; Philippe Marchenay; Bernard Roussel; François Verdeaux (2005)  [http://www.foodquality-origin.org/documents/BiodiversityTK_Iddri_2006EN.pdf Biodiversity and Local Ecological Knowledge in France]{{dead link|date=December 2016|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement; Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales; Institut Français de la Biodiversité. {{isbn|2-915819-06-8}} p.109. Retrieved February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=istat&gt;[http://agri.istat.it/sag_is_pdwout/jsp/dawinci.jsp?q=plAMR0000010000010000&amp;an=2010&amp;ig=1&amp;ct=603&amp;id=8A%7C10A%7C51A%7C71A Tavola AMR13 – Bestiame macellato a carni rosse – (Gennaio – Dicembre) – Anno 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426080558/http://agri.istat.it/sag_is_pdwout/jsp/dawinci.jsp?q=plAMR0000010000010000&amp;an=2010&amp;ig=1&amp;ct=603&amp;id=8A%7C10A%7C51A%7C71A |date=2012-04-26 }} (in Italian) Istat&amp;nbsp;— Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved December 2011. &quot;Table AMR13: Livestock slaughtered for red meat, January–December 2010&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!---ref name=iucn&gt;Moehlman, P.D.; H. Yohannes; R. Teclai; F. Kebede (2008) ''Equus africanus'', in: [[IUCN]] 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=iucn2&gt;[https://archive.today/20130112235935/http://data.iucn.org/themes/ssc/sgs/equid/AFWAss.html African Wild Ass, ''Equus africanus''] IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group, 2003. Retrieved February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ---&gt;

&lt;ref name=latte&gt;{{cite web|title=Il Prezzo Del Latte Di Asina|url=http://www.lattediasina.it/il-costo-del-latte-di-asina.html|access-date=June 1, 2011|language=it|year=2009|quote=The price of asses' milk|archive-date=September 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914045006/http://www.lattediasina.it/il-costo-del-latte-di-asina.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=mon&gt;{{cite book|author1=Waltraud Kugler |author2=Hans-Peter Grunenfelder |author3=Elli Broxham |title=Donkey Breeds in Europe: Inventory, Description, Need for Action, Conservation; Report 2007/2008|year=2008|archive-date=2 September 2009|publisher=Monitoring Institute for Rare Breeds and Seeds in Europe|location=St. Gallen, Switzerland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902110918/http://www.save-foundation.net/pdf/donkey.pdf|url=http://www.save-foundation.net/pdf/donkey.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ncd&gt;Woolf, Henry (ed.)|title= (1980) ''Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield MA: Merriam {{isbn|0-87779-398-0}}. s.v. &quot;Jennet (2)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!---ref name=nowak&gt;{{cite book|last=Nowak|first=Ronald M.|title=Walker's Mammals of the World|year=1999|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|isbn=978-0-8018-5789-8|url=https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof0001nowa|url-access=registration|edition=6th}}&lt;/ref---&gt;

&lt;ref name=nsw&gt;[http://donkeysocietynsw.org.au/donkey.htm The Donkey - Description and Diagram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025175506/http://donkeysocietynsw.org.au/donkey.htm |date=2012-10-25 }} The Donkey Society of New South Wales. Retrieved February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=nzh&gt;[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=10640081 Anzac Heirs: A selfless lifetime of service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117070836/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=10640081 |date=2012-11-17 }}. ''The New Zealand Herald'', 22 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=oad&gt;[n.a.] (2005)  ''Oxford American Dictionaries'' (computer application) Apple Computer. s.v. &quot;Jennet (1)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=OED&gt;[http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50068618?query_type=word&amp;queryword=donkey&amp;first=1&amp;max_to_show=10&amp;sort_type=alpha&amp;search_id=1DK6-klIEoh-3183&amp;result_place=2 &quot;Donkey&quot;] OED Online (subscription required). Retrieved May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Opinion2007&gt;{{Cite journal|last=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|year=2003|title=Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010)|journal=Bull. Zool. Nomencl.|volume=60|issue=1|pages=81–84|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34357823|access-date=2018-01-13|archive-date=2012-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609144912/http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34357823|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=pearson&gt;Pearson, R.A.; E. Nengomasha; R. Krecek (1999) [http://www.fao.org/docs/eims/upload/agrotech/1912/R5926-challenges-pearson-donkeys.pdf &quot;The challenges in using donkeys for work in Africa&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123092315/http://www.fao.org/docs/eims/upload/agrotech/1912/R5926-challenges-pearson-donkeys.pdf |date=2012-11-23 }}, in P. Starkey; P. Kaumbutho ''Meeting the challenges of animal traction''. Resource book of the Animal Traction Network of Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=roots&gt;Roots, Clive (2007) [https://books.google.com/books?id=WGDYHvOHwmwC ''Domestication''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116180454/https://books.google.com/books?id=WGDYHvOHwmwC |date=2016-11-16 }} Westport: Greenwood Press {{isbn|978-0-313-33987-5}} p.179&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=rossel&gt;Stine Rossel, Fiona Marshall, Joris Peters, Tom Pilgram, Matthew D. Adams, David O'Connor (2008). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25461306 Domestication of the Donkey: Timing, Processes, and Indicators] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131201211/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25461306 |date=2022-01-31 }}. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''105''' (10): 3715–3720. {{subscription required}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=rs&gt;Birgitta Kimura, Fiona B. Marshall, Shanyuan Chen, Sónia Rosenbom, Patricia D. Moehlman, Noreen Tuross, Richard C. Sabin, Joris Peters, Barbara Barich, Hagos Yohannes, Fanuel Kebede, Redae Teclai, Albano Beja-Pereira, Connie J. Mulligan (2011). [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspb.2010.0708 Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication]. ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences''. '''278''' (1702). {{doi|10.1098/rspb.2010.0708}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=sanct&gt;[http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/files/donkeys/FeedingDonkey_0.pdf What should you feed your donkeys? ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118063740/http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/files/donkeys/FeedingDonkey_0.pdf |date=2011-11-18 }} The Donkey Sanctuary, 2010. Retrieved February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=smith&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = DG | last2 = Pearson | first2 = RA | s2cid = 20777559 | title = A review of the factors affecting the survival of donkeys in semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa | journal = Trop Anim Health Prod | volume = 37 | pages = 1–19 | date = November 2005 | issue = Suppl 1 | pmid = 16335068 | doi = 10.1007/s11250-005-9002-5 | url = https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/256375/1/Survival_strategies_of_donkeys_in_semi_1.pdf | access-date = 2019-08-29 | archive-date = 2020-07-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200729234750/https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/256375/1/Survival_strategies_of_donkeys_in_semi_1.pdf | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=smith2008&gt;Smith, David; Stephanie Wood (2008) &quot;Donkey Nutrition&quot;, in Elisabeth Svendsen; James Duncan; David Hadrill  ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition. Yatesbury: Whittet Books. p.10.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=starkey&gt;Paul Starkey, Malcolm Starkey (1997). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20030915140301/http://www.atnesa.org/donkeys/donkeys-starkey-populations.pdf Regional and world trends in donkey populations]&quot;. Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa. Archived 15 September 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=svendsen&gt;Elisabeth Svendsen (editor) (1997) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. {{isbn|978-1-873580-37-0}}. p.208.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=svend2&gt;Fiona Taylor (1997) &quot;Nutrition&quot;, in Elisabeth Svendsen (ed.),  ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. {{isbn|978-1-873580-37-0}}. pp.93–105.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=svend3&gt;Jane French (1997) &quot;Social Behaviour&quot;, in Elisabeth Svendsen (ed.),  ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. {{isbn|978-1-873580-37-0}}. pp.127–165.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=svend4&gt;Elisabeth Svendsen (1997) &quot;Donkeys Abroad&quot;, in Elisabeth Svendsen (ed.),  ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. {{isbn|978-1-873580-37-0}}. pp.166–182.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=svend5&gt;Paul Starkey (1997) &quot;Donkey Work&quot;, in Elisabeth Svendsen (ed.),  ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. {{isbn|978-1-873580-37-0}}. pp.183–206.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=todd&gt;Evelyn T. Todd, Laure Tonasso-Calvière, Loreleï Chauvey, Stéphanie Schiavinato, Antoine Fages, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Pierre Clavel ''et al''. (2022). [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo3503?adobe_mc=MCMID%3D63636472906755120633147245121430600394%7CMCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1663624933&amp;#tab-citations The genomic history and global expansion of domestic donkeys]. ''Science''. '''377''' (6611): 1172–1180. {{doi|10.1126/science.abo3503}}. {{subscription required}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Vespa&gt;{{Cite book| last = Fort| first = Matthew| title = Eating Up Italy: Voyages on a Vespa| publisher = HarperPerennial| date = June 2005| isbn = 978-0-00-721481-5| url = https://archive.org/details/eatingupitalyvoy0000fort}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=webster&gt;[http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/ Merriam-Webster Unabridged] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210103302/http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/ |date=2013-02-10 }} (MWU). (Online subscription-based reference service of [[Merriam-Webster]], based on Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002.) Headword ''donkey''. Retrieved September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=webster2&gt;Henry Woolf (editor) (1980). ''Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary''. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam. {{isbn|0-87779-398-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=whitehead&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Welfare and veterinary care of donkeys |author1=G Whitehead |author2=J French |author3=P Ikin |journal=In Practice |year=1991 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=wilson&gt;{{MSW3 Perissodactyla | id = 14100004 | pages = 629–630}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Wood2005&quot;&gt;S Wood, D Smith and C Morris. &quot;Seasonal variation of digestible energy requirements of mature donkeys in the UK&quot;. ''Proceedings Equine Nutrition Conference''. Hanover, Germany. 1–2 October 2005: page 39–40.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ypte&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ypte.org.uk/factsheet.php?id=72 |title=Donkeys |publisher=Young People's Trust for the Environment |access-date=June 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726113728/http://www.ypte.org.uk/factsheet.php?id=72 |archive-date=2011-07-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=zedonk&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/zedonknzorse/allabout.html |title=All About Zebra Hybrids |access-date=September 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027124229/http://www.geocities.com/zedonknzorse/allabout.html |archive-date=27 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=zorse&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.lovelongears.com/zorse.html |title=American Donkey and Mule Society: Zebra Hybrids |publisher=Lovelongears.com |access-date=September 1, 2010 |archive-date=April 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420013132/http://www.lovelongears.com/zorse.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== External links ==

* {{Wiktionary inline|donkey}}
* {{Wiktionary inline|bray}}
* {{Commonscatinline}}

{{Perissodactyla}} {{Equus|state=collapsed}} {{Working animals}} {{Animal domestication}} {{Taxonbar|from1=Q19707|from2=Q19829417}} {{Portal bar|Horses|Mammals|Animals|Biology|Agriculture}} {{Authority control}}
[[Category:Swiharhi swa le kaya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndlopfu</title>
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      <id>41235</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:07:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malender911</username>
        <id>12516</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi engeterile swihlovo na ntlawa</comment>
      <origin>41235</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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'''Tindlopfu''' i swiharhi leswikulu leswi hanyaka emisaveni. Ku na tinxaka tinharhu leti lemukiweke: ndlopfu ya le nhoveni ya Afrika (Loxodonta africana), ndlopfu yale ekhwatini ra Afrika (''L. cyclotis''), na ndlopfu ya le Asia (Elephas maximus). Hitona swirho leswi nga pona swa ndyangu wa Elephantidae na ntlawa wa Proboscidea; maxaka lama nga ha riki kona ma katsa ti-mammoth na Ti-mastodon. Swivumbeko swo hlawuleka swa tindlopfu swi katsa marhambu yo leha lama vuriwaka xinkwa, timhondzo, tindleve letikulu, milenge yo fana ni tiphuphu, na nhlonge yo tiya kambe leyi nga ni mpunga. Xankwa ya yona ya khomelela, yi tisa swakudya na mati enon'wini na ku khoma swilo. Timhondzo, leti humaka eka meno lama tlhavaka, ti tirha tanihi matlhari na switirhisiwa swo fambisa swilo na ku cela. Swifunengeto leswikulu swa tindleve swi pfuna ku hlayisa mahiselo ya miri lama nga hundzukiki xikan'we na ku vulavurisana. Tindlopfu ta le Afrika ti ni tindleve letikulu ni mincila leyi voyameke, kasi tindlopfu ta le Asia ti ni tindlopfu letintsongo ni mincila yo voyamela.


Tindlopfu ti hangalakile na tiko ra Afrika sahara, Asia Dzonga, na Asia Dzonga-vuxa naswona ti kumeka eka tindhawu to hambana-hambana, ku katsa na savana, mananga na swihlovo. Ti dya byanyi, naswona ti tshama ekusuhi na mati loko ma ri ekusuhi. Ti tekiwa tanihi tinxaka ta nkoka, hikwalaho ka nkucetelo wa tona eka mbango wa tona. Tindlopfu ti ni vandla ra ku avana, laha mintlawa yo tala ya mindyangu yi hlanganaka leswaku yi tihlanganisa na yin'wana . Tihomu ta xisati ti tala ku tshama hi mintlawa ya mindyangu, leyi nga vaka na ya xisati yin'we na vana va yona kumbe ya xisati yo hlayanyana leyi yelanaka na vana. Murhangeri wa ntlawa wa xisati, hi ntolovelo homu ya khale swinene, yi tiviwa tanihi matriarch.


Tihomu ta xinuna (tinkuzi) ti siya mintlawa ya mindyangu ya tona loko ti fika eka malembe ya tona ya vuntswa naswona ti nga ha tshama ti ri toxe kumbe ni ta xinuna tin'wana. Tinkuzi letikulu ti tala ku tirhisana ni mintlawa ya mindyangu loko ti lava munghana. Ti nghena eka xiyimo xa Testosterone leyi andzisiweke na vukarhi lebyi tiviwaka tanihi musth, leswi swi ti pfunaka ku lawula vavanuna van'wana xikan'we na ku humelela eka ku veleka. Marhole i ntsindza wa nyingiso eka mintlawa ya mindyangu ya mona naswona ma titshege hi vamana wa mona ku ringana malembe manharhu. Tindlopfu ti nga hanya malembe ya 70 enhoveni. Ti vulavurisana hi ku khumba, ku vona, ku nun'hwetela ni mpfumawulo; tindlopfu ti tirhisa ku vulavurisana ka mpfumawulo wa le hansi ni Ku vulavurisana hi ku tsekatseka ka misava eka mpfhuka wo leha. Vutlhari bya ndlopfu byi fanisiwile na bya timfenhe na swihadyana swa le matini. Ti vonaka ti ri ni ku tivonela, naswona ti nga ha va ti kombisa ku karhateka hi swivumbiwa leswi faka ni leswi  feke swa muxaka wa tona.


Tindlopfu ta le nhoveni ta le Afrika na tindlopfu ta le Asia ti xaxametiwile tanihi leti nga ekhombyeni ro herisiwa  eka IUCN Red Lists. Xin'wana xa minxungeto leyikulu eka nhlayo ya tindlopfu i bindzu ra timhondzo ta tindlopfu, tanihi leswi swiharhi swi phasiwaka hi nkani hikwalaho ka timhondzo ta swona ta timhondzo. Minxungeto yin'wana eka tindlopfu ta nhova yi katsa ku onhiwa ka ndhawu na ku kwetlembetana na vanhu va kwalaho. Tindlopfu ti tirhisiwa tanihi Swiharhi leswi tirhaka eAsia. Enkarhini lowu hundzeke, a ti tirhisiwa enyimpini; namuntlha, ti tala ku kombisiwa eti-zoo, kumbe ti tirhiseriwa ku titsakisa esorokisini. Tindlopfu ti na xiyimo xa nkoka eka ndhavuko wa vanhu naswona ti kombisiwile ngopfu eka ntivo-vuxongi, ndhavuko, vukhongeri, tibuku na ndhavuko lowu dumeke.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Xiharhi]]</text>
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    <title>Xihuku xa xirhendzevutani</title>
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      <id>41231</id>
      <parentid>41211</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:07:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Scotch Neverdie</username>
        <id>12518</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi tumbuluxe ntlawa ni swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke</comment>
      <origin>41231</origin>
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'''Xikakaka''' ( '''''Acinonyx jubatus''''' ) i muxaka wa xiharhi  lexi xi tsutsumaka swinene, lexi kotaka ku tsutsuma hi 93 to 104 km/h (58 ku ya eka 65 mph) ; yi hundzukile hi rivilo, yina misiha ya matimba ya swirho swale ndzhaku, swirho swo leha na nkolo lowu olovaka. xikakaka xina voya byo basa bya tawny kuya eka creamy kumbe pale buff lebyi tivekaka hi swivati swa ntima leswi ringanaka, leswi tiyeke. Nhloko ya yona i yitsongo naswona i xirhendzevutani, yina nomu wo koma na swirhendzevutani swa ntima leswi fanaka na mihloti emahlweni. Yi fika eka 67–94 cm (2,20–3,08) hi xitalo ft) ekatleni, naswona ku leha ka nhloko na miri swile xikarhi ka 1.1 and 1.5 m (3.) 7 eka na 4  11 endzeni) . Vanhu lavakulu va tika exikarhi ka 21 kuya eka 65 kg (46 na 143 lb) .

xikakaka xi hlamuseriwa ro sungula eku heleni ka lembe-xidzana ra vu khume nhungu. Tinxaka letitsongo ta mune ta tiviwa namuntlha leti tumbulukaka [[Afrika|eAfrika]] ni le xikarhi ka [[Iran]] . Muxaka lowuntsongo wa Afrika nghenisiwile  hi 2022. Sweswi wu hangalakile ngopfu eka vaaki lavantsongo, lava hambanisiweke e n’walungu vupela dyambu, vuxa na dzonga wa Afrika nale xikarhi ka Iran. Yi tshama etindhawini to hambana-hambana to tanihi ti- savannah eSerengeti, tintshava leti omeke eSahara, ni tindhawu ta mananga leti nga ni switsunga.

xikakaka xi hanya eka  mitlawa yi nharhu leyinkulu ya ntshamisano , xikaka xa  xisati na swinyenyani swa xona, xa xinuna, na xa xinuna lexi nga yoxe. Loko ta xisati ti hanya vutomi byo rhurha ti lava swiharhi leswi dyaka eka tindhawu letikulu ta le makaya, ta xinuna ti tshama ngopfu naswona ematshan’weni ya sweswo ti simeka tindhawu letitsongo swinene etindhawini leti nga ni swiharhi swo tala ni ku fikelela ta xisati. xikakaka xi tirha hi nkarhi wa nhlikanhi, xiva na tinhlohlorhi hi nkarhi wa dyambu na dyambu. xidya swiharhi leswintsongo kuya eka swale xikarhi, ngopfu ngopfu switika ehansi ka 40 kg (88.) kg lb), naswona xitsakela swihadyani swa mavoko swa vukulu byale xikarhi swofana na mhala 'springbok&quot; na Thomson’s gazelles . xikakaka hi ntolovelo yi hlongorisa naswona yi tshinelela xiharhi lexi yi xi dyaka eka 30–200 m (98-656.) Xitatimende xa Xitsonga ft) yi nga si hlasela hi rivilo lerikulu, yi ba xiharhi lexi xi xi dlayeke hi dewclaw ya yona yi ri karhi yi yi hlongorisa hi ku helela ivi yi xi dlaya hi ku luma nhamu . Yi tswala lembe hinkwaro. Endzhaku ka ku tika kwalomu ka tinhweti tinharhu, xa xisati ti tswala xihlangi xa swinyenyani swinharhu kumbe mune, leswi lumuriwaka kwalomu ka mune wa tinhweti naswona swi tiyimela hi swoxe loko swiri na kwalomu ka 20 wa tinhweti hi vukhale. Swinyenyana swa ti- cheetah swi hlaseriwa swinene hi swiharhi swin’wana leswikulu leswi dyaka nyama swo tanihi tinghala ni [[Mhisi|tingwenya]], leti na tona hi ntolovelo ti yivaka swidlaya-swilo eka swikakaka leswikulu.

[[File:Felisjubatus.jpg|alt=Illustration of the woolly cheetah (Felis lanea) published in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London in 1877|thumb|Xifaniso xa &quot;woolly cheetah&quot; (leyi hlamuseriwaka tani hi ''Felis lanea'' ) kusuka eka ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'') .]]
 

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Swiharhi]]
[[Category:Swiharhi swa le kaya]]</text>
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    <title>Makete wa van’wamapurasi</title>
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      <id>41292</id>
      <parentid>41229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-01T07:42:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-13276-03</username>
        <id>12542</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxe swihlovo</comment>
      <origin>41292</origin>
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[[File:Farmers_and_Artisans_Market_at_Farmington_-_Michigan.jpg|thumb|Makete wa van’wamapurasi wa ximun’wana eFarmington, Michigan]]
[[File:Layyah_fruit_vegetable_market.jpg|thumb|Makete wa van’wamapurasi hi nkarhi wa nhlikanhi eLayyah, le Pakistan]]
[[File:Garlic_for_sale_in_a_market_in_France.jpg|alt=Crates filled with fresh garlic bulbs under a canopy at an outdoor market in France|thumb|Xinyalani yo basa leyi kombisiweke leswaku yi xavisiwa emakete wa le handle eFurwa]]
'''[[Makete]] wa van’wamapurasi''' (kumbe '''makete wa van’wamapurasi''' kuya hi AP stylebook,   nakambe '''makete wa van’wamapurasi''' eka Cambridge Dictionary   ) i makete wa xiviri wa vuxavisi lowu kunguhatiweke ku xavisa swakudya hiku kongoma hi van’wamapurasi eka vaxavi. 

Timakete ta van’wamapurasi tingava endeni kumbe ehandle naswona hi ntolovelo yi vumbiwa hi swiyidlwana , matafula kumbe switandi laha van’wamapurasi va xavisaka swibyariwa swa vona, swifuwo leswi hanyaka na swimilana, naswona minkarhi yin’wana swakudya na swakun'wa leswi lulamisiweke.

Timakete ta van’wamapurasi tikona emisaveni  naswona ti kombisa ndhavuko na ikhonomi ya ndhaw yaleyo

Ti hambanisiwa na timakete tamani namani, leti hi xitalo ti tshamaka eka swivumbeko xin'we, ti pfuleka lembe hinkwaro, naswona ti nyika vaxavisi vo hambana hambana lava nga riki van’wamapurasi/lava nga riki vahumelerisi, swakudya leswi pakiweke na switirhisiwa leswi nga riki swa swakudya.  
[[File:Wildmarkt.jpg|thumb|''Auf dem ya Vogelmarkt''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (vavasati lava nyikelaka tihare ni swinyenyana swa nhova), lembe-xidzana ra vu-18-19]]
[[File:Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Soulard_Market,_St._Louis,_in_1912.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso lexi dirowiweke hi Marguerite Martyn wa Soulard Farmers Market, eSt]]
Mhaka ya sweswi ya makete wa van’wamapurasi yifana na mhaka ya khale, kambe yihambanile loko ku pimanyisiwa na swivumbeko swin’wana tani hileswi swiphemu swa vuxavisi bya vatirhisi, hiku angarhela swi yaka emahlweni swi cinca hiku famba ka nkarhi. Swivumbeko leswi fanaka a swi ri kona emahlweni ka nguva ya tiindasitiri, kambe hixitalo a swi vumba xiphemu xa timakete leti anameke, laha vaphakeri va swakudya ni nhundzu yin’wana a va hlengeletana leswaku va xavisa swilo swa vona. Tindzhawu ta mabindzu tisungule kuva kona kusukele hi hiva 1930s, ku cinca kuya eka vaxavisi lava ava xavisa switirhisiwa swa van’wana kutlula swa vona. Switolo swa mani na mani na mavhengele ya swa swakudya swi yise emahlweni ntolovelo wolowo wo hlawuleka eka vuxavisi, ku lulamisa ntokoto wa vaxavi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=167–197}}&lt;/ref&gt; loko swi ri karhi swi wu tekela emahlweni eka vuhumelerisi na le ka ku rharhangana loku kulaka ka vuhumelerisi. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Kulaveka vumbhoni|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)&quot;&gt;ku tshahiwa ka laveka&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Swakudya swa manguva lawa swa ti indasitiri eka tindlela ta khale swiya ngopfu heka xaxavi va manguva  byo chipa, byo hatlisa xikan’we naku cinca cinca ka swikumiwa leswinga ringanelangiki.  Kambe ku durha ka vutleketli ni ku hlwela a swi nge herisiwi. Kutani laha mpfhuka wu karhateke ku fikelela ka vaphakeri va ti indasitiri, laha vaxavi ava tsakela swinene tinxaka ta laha kaya, timakete ta van’wamapurasi vatshame ti phikizana na swivumbeko swin’wana swa vuxavisi bya swakudya. Kusukela exikarhi ka malembe yamagidi mbhirhi. xilaveko xa vatirhisi xa swakudya leswinga swekiwa (leswi tekaka nkarhi wu tsongo fambafamba) na swakudya leswingana tinxaka totala—swiendle leswaku kuva na kukula ka timakete ta van’wamapurasi tani hi endlelo ro xavisa swakudya.

Timakete ta van’wamapurasi tinga nyika van’wamapurasi mbuyelo lowu engetelekeke kutlula ku xavisa eka vaxavisi va ti wholesale, vaendli va swakudya, kumbe tifemeni letikulu ta girozara. Hiku xavisa hiku kongoma eka vaxavi, swihumelerisiwa switala kuva swilava vutleketli byintsongo, ku khomiwa kutsongo, ku vekiwa ka xigwitsirisi kutsongo xikan’we na nkarhi wutsongo wo hlayisa. Hiku xavisa eka makete wale handle, ntsengo wa misava, miako, ku voninga na xigwitsirisi xa moya na swona swahungutiwa kumbe ku herisiwa. Van’wamapurasi vanga tlhela va hlayisa mbuyelo eka swihumelerisiwa leswinga xavisiwiki eka vatirhisi, hiku xavisa leswinga hundza eka ti canary ta le makaya na tifemeni tin’wana to lulamisa swakudya. Eka makete, van’wamapurasi vanga hlayisa phirimiyamu leyi heleleke eka xiphemu xa swibyariwa swa vona, ematshan’wini ya ntsengo wa wholesele wa xi tirhisiwa xo phurosesa swotala. Hambiswiritano, vativi van'wana va ikhonomi va vula leswaku &quot;ku na mimpfuno yitsongo swinene hi mayelana na ku tirhisa matimba hi ndlela leyinene, khwalithi kumbe ntsengo ... hambi leswi swi tsakisaka, a hi swikombiso swa kahle swa ikhonomi.&quot; 

Van’wamapurasi van’wana vatsakela ku olova, ku hatlisa, kuva erivaleni xikan’we naku tiyimela ka ku xavisa hiku kongoma eka vaxavi. Ndlela yin’we leyi xiyiweke hi ntlawa wa ntsakelo wo hlawuleka Phurojeke ya Matimba ya Swakudya yi tlakusa minongonoko ya vurimi leyi seketeriwaka hi vaaki (CSAs).  Eka xikimi lexi, vatirhisi va hakela mapurasi hi tinguva kumbe n’hweti na n’hweti ku kuma mabokisi ya swibyariwa ya vhiki na vhiki kumbe mavhiki mambirhi. Handle ka sweswo, tinga boheka ku hakela ntsengo wa nguva hinkwayo ya swibyariwa emahlweni ka nguva yokula. Eka swiyimo leswimbirhi, vatirhisi va veka ekhombyeni ro lahlekeriwa hi mali ya vona loko ku ri na ku tsandzeka ka swibyariwa. 

* Timakete ta van’wamapurasi ti pfuneta ku hlayisa vuxaka bya nkoka bya ntshamisano, ku hlanganisa vaaki va le makaya na le madorobeni hambi ku ri vaakelani lava nga ekusuhi eka ku cincana loku vuyerisaka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first1=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* vutleketli bya makete byi tumbuluxa vutleketli eka mabindzu ya le kusuhi
* ku xava eka timakete swi hlohletela nyingiso eka ndzhawu leyi rhendzeleke na migingiriko leyi yaka emahlweni
* hiku nyika tindzhawu to xavisa swihumelerisiwa swa ‘local’, timakete ta van’wamapurasi ti pfuneta ku tumbuluxa ku hambana na ku hlawuleka, leswinga engetela ku tinyungubyisa naku hlohletela vayeni kuva va tlhelela.

* ku hunguta ku durha ka eneji ya vutleketli &amp; xigwitsirisi
* ku thyakisa ka le hansi ka vutleketli
* ku hunguta ntsengo wa switirhisiwa swa vutleketli (magondzo, mabuloho, na swin’wana) .
* misava yitsongo leyi nyiketeriweke ku hlayisa swakudya

* ku hunguteka ka ntsengo: ku chayela, ku paka, na swin'wana.
* Swakudya leswintshwa
* swakudya swa tinguva
* Swakudya leswi hanyeke kahle
* swakudya swo hambana-hambana, xikombiso: swakudya swa ntumbuluko, nyama leyi kurisiweke emadyelweni, mandza ni tihuku, chizi leyi endliweke hi mavoko, swibyariwa leswi humesaka nyama ya ndzhaka ni swimilana swo tala leswi nga riki na nsawutiso leswi nga rhandziwiki hi vaxavisi lavakulu va swakudya
* ndhawu yo hlangana na vaakelani, ku burisana, na swin'wana.
* ndhawu yo tiphina hi ku famba ehandle ''loko'' u ri karhi u kuma swakudya leswi lavekaka

Timakete ta ndzhavuko ta mani na mani emadorobeni ya China titiveka tani hi &quot; wet markets &quot;  laha vaxavisi votala vanga vaxavisi. Mfumo wa China wu ringetile ku hundzula timakete leti ta ndhavuko ti va switolo leswikulu eka tiphurojeke to pfuxeta madoroba. Swi endle leswaku timakete leti ti hunguteka emadorobeni man’wana yo tanihi Shanghai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=497–518}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hambi swi ri tano, emadorobeni man’wana, timakete leti tsakamaka ta ha ri kona naswona ti lawula vuxavisi bya swibyariwa leswintshwa ni nyama. Hikwalaho ka xiave xa yona xa nkoka eka ku tiyisisa nsirhelelo wa swakudya swa le madorobeni, timakete leti tsakamaka ti kuma nseketelo wo hambana kusuka eka mfumo wa miganga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=78–96}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nhlangano wa Yuropa ===
[[File:Farmers_market_sign.jpg|thumb|Xikombiso lexi navetisaka makete wa van’wamapurasi eLismore, eXifundzheni xa Waterford, eIreland.]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Van'wamapurasi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xikhovha xa chukele</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7843</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41239</id>
      <parentid>41215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T12:09:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lwandlewamama</username>
        <id>12524</id>
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      <origin>41239</origin>
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      <text bytes="3110" sha1="1f4tqbl5oylhbsmjy55ry5dnbhpyuqf" xml:space="preserve">'''Mova''' i muxaka wa byanyi byo leha, lebyi kumekaka byi ri kona (eka muxaka wa ''Saccharum'', rixaka ra Ti-Andropogoneae) lebyi tirhisiwaka ku endla chukela. Swimilani leswi swi lehe 2-6 m (6-20 ft) naswona swi ni swichocho swo tiya, leswi fuweke hi sucrose,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=120}}&lt;/ref&gt; leswi hlengeletiwaka eka swichocho swa swichocho. Swiluva swa chukela swi huma eka byanyi, Ti-Poaceae, ndyangu wa swimilana swa nkoka eka ikhonomi leswi katsaka mavele, koroni, rhayisi na sorghum, na swo byariwa swo tala swa swakudya. Ya tumbuluxiwe eNew Guinea.

Mova a ku ri ximilani xa khale xa vanhu va le Austronesia ni va le Papua. Vumbhoni bya kahle lebyi nga kona namuntlha byi komba leswaku ndhawu ya New Guinea i ndhawu leyi ''Saccharum officinarum'' yi tumbulukeke kona . Yi twarisiwe ePolynesia, eXihlaleni xa Melanesia, na [[Madagascar]] eminkarhini ya khale hi vatluti va le Austronesian. Naswona wu tlhele wu twarisiwa hi vatluti va matiko ma le Austronesian eIndiya kutani wu twarisiwa eSouthern China hi 500 BC, hi ku xaviselana. Vaperesiya na Magriki va hlangane na &quot;switsotswana leswi humesaka vulombe lebyi nga riki na tinyoxi&quot; eIndiya exikarhi ka lembe xidzana ra vutsevu na ra vumune BC. Va sungule ku byala mova kutani va hangalasa vurimi bya mova. Hi lembe-xidzana ra vunhungu, chukela a ri tekiwa tanihi swinyunyeteri swa manyunyu ni swa nxavo leswi humaka eIndiya, naswona va ma nwa mabindzu va hangalase ku tirhisiwa ka rona eMediteraniya na le N'walungwini wa Afrika. Hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-18, ku byariwa ka mova ku sungurile eCaribbean, eAmerika Dzonga, eLwandle ra Indiya na le swihlaleni swa Pacific. Xilaveko xa vatirhi va vo byala swimilana  swa chukela xi ve xivangelo lexikulu xa ku rhurha lokukulu, vanhu van'wana va amukele vuhlonga hi ku tirhandzela kasi van'wana a va xaviwa hi nkani tanihi mahlonga.

Mova lowu byariwaka eka tindzhawu leti hisaka swinene ni leti nga ehansi ka tona, i swimilana leswikulu emisaveni hinkwayo hi ntsengo wa kwalomu ka, leswi 1.9 wa tibiliyoni ta tithani hi 2020, laha eBrazil ri endlaka 40% wa ntsengo wa misava hinkwayo. Mova wu endla 79% wa chukela leri humesiwaka emisaveni hinkwayo (swo tala swa swona swi endliwa hi ti-beet ta chukela). Kwalomu ka 70% wa chukela leri humesiwaka ri huma eka ''Saccharum officinarum'' na tinxaka ta yona leti hlanganisiweke. Tinxaka hinkwato ta mova ti ngaha tswala swin'we, naswona swimilani leswikulu leswi lavaku ku tirhisiwa eka  bindzu i swimilani leswi rharhanganeke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=266–278|last1=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chukela ro basa ri endliwa no huma eka  mova eka tifektri to hlawuleka to hambana-hambana ta swigago Tinhlanga ta mova ti tirhisiwa ku endla tipensele, mimete, swifunengeto na byanyi. nhloko ya xiluva lexintsongo, lexi nga ndlandlamuxiwangiki xa ''Saccharum edule'' (''duruka'') yi dyiwa yi nga swekiwanga, yi hisiwa, kumbe yi oxiwa, naswona yi swekiwa hi tindlela to hambana-hambana e Dzonga-vuxa bya Asia, ku fana ni le swihlaleni swin'wana swa Indonesia xikan'we ni le matikweni ya Oceanic yo fana na Fiji.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Mova]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mbuti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7844</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41308</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-01T15:59:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hlaisani</username>
        <id>12522</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ndzi ngeterile swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke</comment>
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'''mbuti''' kumbe '''Mbuti ya le kaya''' ('''''khapra hikhusi''''') i muxaka wa timbuti leti talaka ku hlayisiwa tanihi swifuwo. Yi fuyiwile eka Mbuti ya nhova ''agagrusasi''ya le Dzonga-vupela-dyambu bya Asiya na le Vuxeni bya Yuropa. Mbuti leyi i xirho xa ndyangu Ti- bhovadiyi, leswi vulaka leswaku yi yelana swinene na tinyimpfu. A ku ri xin'wana xa swiharhi swo sungula ku fuyiwa, erani kwalomu ka malembe ya 10 000 lama hundzeke.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Amalthea_(mythology)|Amalthea]] and [[:en:Jupiter_(god)|Jupiter]]'s goat, 1787, at the French royal dairy, [[:en:Rambouillet|Rambouillet]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Timbuti ti tirhisiwe ku endla ntswamba, nyama, voya na madzovo emisaveni hinkwayo. Ntswamba lowu humaka eka timbuti wu tala ku endliwa chizi. Hi lembe ra 2022, a ku ri na timbuti to tlula 1.1 wa tibiliyoni leti a ti tshama emisaveni hinkwayo, laha 150 wa timiliyoni a ti ri e indiya.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Goat_curry|Goat curry]] and rice at the [[:en:Notting_Hill_Carnival|Notting Hill Carnival]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Timbuti ti humelela eka mintsheketo, mintsheketo ni vukhongeri eswiphen’wini swo tala swa misava, ku katsa ni le ka ntsheketo wa xikhale wa Amalitheya, eka timbuti leti a ti koka kalichi ya xikwembu xa xikwembu xa nurisi, eka mbuti ya Yule ya le Sikaniyanaviya, eka Dakixa leyi nga ni nhloko ya mbuti ya Vuhindu, eka nkhuvo wa Vaisrayele wa mbuti ya xitlhavelo, ni le ka Vukreste tanihi xifaniso lexi tolovelekeke xa Sathana, . exikarhi ka swin’wana.&lt;ref&gt;Glazed brick depicting a wild goat, from Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–7th century BC&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntivo-vutomi bya rito ==
Rito ra Xinghezi ra manguva lawa ''mbuti'' ri huma eka Xinghezi xa Khale ''gati'' &quot;mbuti, mbuti ya xisati&quot;, leri hi ku famba ka nkarhi ri humaka eka Xiproto-Geremiyaniki * ''gayitazi'' (ya dachi / Frisina / ayicilandi &lt;ref&gt;A [[:en:Yule_goat|yule goat]] on a [[:en:Christmas_tree|Christmas tree]] in Scandinavia&lt;/ref&gt;

/ Nowayi, jeremaya na Gothiki ), eku heteleleni ku suka eka Proto indo yurupeni ''*ǵayitsi'' leswi vulaka &quot;mbuti leyitsongo&quot; (xilatini&quot;n'wana&quot;).  Ku kombetela eka mbuti ya xinuna, Xinghezi xa khale xi tirhise ''bukha'' (dachi / Frisiyani, eka xingezi ''buki'' ) kufikela loko xi hlongoriwa hi ''higota'',  (‘mbhuti ya xinuna) eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ravu 12. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=94–102}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Nani goat'' (ya xisati leyikulu) yisungule eka lembe xidzana ravu 18, na ''bili goat'' (ya xinuna leyikulu) eka lembe xidzana ravu 19.   Timbuti ta xisati, ku fana na swiharhi swin’wana swo hambana, na tona ti vuriwa ''ti dazi'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=6–10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ti ta xinuna leti tsemiweke ti vuriwa ''ti wethasi'' . Loko marito ''hirisani'' na ''khamprini'' havumbirhi bya wona ya kombetela eka xin’wana na xin’wana lexi nga na mfanelo yo fana na mbuti, ''harikhani'' yi tirhisiwa ngopfu ku kandziyisa ku nun’hwela loku hambaneke ka timbuti ta le kaya.  

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==</text>
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    <title>Vahaxi va mahangu</title>
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        <username>Nadia Jay</username>
        <id>12491</id>
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      <comment>Ndzi tumbuluxe papila ra vahaxi va mahungu</comment>
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      <text bytes="2068" sha1="71h4i2g15n7wp7ysbkxs4s9skn0afpp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Zach Wamp and Rich Galen spread the good news about Fred (2118622546).jpg|thumb|Vahaxi va mahungu]]


Vahaxi va mahungu


'''Vahaxi''' va [[mahungu]] i vanhu lava endlaka ntirho wo haxa mahungu eka vaaki hi tindlela to hambana-hambana. Va tirhisa radio, thelevhixini, mapapila, timagazini ni interneti ku endla leswaku vanhu va tiva leswi humelelaka emisaveni ni le tikweni. Leswi swi pfuna leswaku vanhu va tshama va ri ni vutivi lebyi tshembekaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kasoma|first=FP|title=tirho wa Vahaxi va Mahungu eka Ndzhavuko wa Vanhu|date=1996|publisher=African Council for Communication Education.|year=1996|language=Xitsonga}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ntirho wa vahaxi va mahungu wu na nkoka swinene hikuva wu pfuna ku aka ku tshembhana exikarhi ka [[mfumo]] ni vaaki. Loko mahungu ma haxiwa hi ndlela leyi tshembekaka, vaaki va kota ku twisisa leswi humelelaka ni swiboho leswi endlaka leswaku vutomi bya vona byi khumba. Leswi swi endla leswaku ku va ni ku rhula ni ku tshembhana exikarhi ka vanhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=McQuail|first=D|title=Theory ya Vuxokoxoko bya Vahaxi va Mahungu (Xidyondzi xa Vukhale).|date=2010|publisher=McQuail D|year=2010|language=Xitsonga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hambiswiritano, vahaxi va mahungu va fanele va tshama va tshembeka ni ku tirhisa vumbhoni lebyi tshembekaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fourie|first=PJ|title=Dyondzo ya Mahungu: Mbangu wa Mahungu ni Ndzhavuko.|date=2007|publisher=Juta Academic|year=2007|language=Xitsonga}}&lt;/ref&gt; Loko va haxa mahungu lama nga riki ya ntiyiso, swi nga onha ku tshembhana ni ku endla leswaku vanhu va pfumala ku tshemba. Leswi swi kombisa leswaku ntirho wa vona wu lava vutihlamuleri byo karhi ni ku tshembeka leswaku mahungu ma pfuna eka [[nhluvukiso wa tiko.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Berger|first=G|title=Ku twisisa Vuxokoxoko bya Vahaxi va Mahungu ni Demokrasi eAfrika Dzonga|date=2002|publisher=International Journal of Communication Studies.|year=2002|language=Xitsonga}}&lt;/ref&gt;      

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Xiyanimoya]]
[[Category:Thelevhixini]]
[[Category:Makomba kule]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masi</title>
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      <id>41243</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-28T16:18:39Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Zeeluna</username>
        <id>12489</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340923740|Milk]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Masi''' hi ntolovelo i [[swakudya]] swa mati yo basa (kambe swinga va tinxaka ta muhlovo wotshuka, wa khirimi, wa xivunguvungu, kumbe hambi kuri buraweni) leswi endliwaka hi ti mammary glands ta swihadyani leswi mamisaka. I xihlovo xo sungula xa swakudya eka swihadyani leswintsongo (kukatsa na tincece ta vanhu ) loko tinga se kota ku gayela swakudya leswi tiyeke. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=1489–1494}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masi yana swakudya swotala, kukatsa na calcium na phurotheni, xikan’we na lactose na saturated fat;  enzyme ya lactase ya laveka ku hahlula lactose. Swiaki swa masocha ya miri ni swiaki leswi cincaka masocha ya miri eka masi swi hoxa xandla eka masocha ya miri ya masi. Masi yosungula, lawa ya vuriwaka colostrum, yana ti antibodies na swiaki leswi cincaka masocha ya miri leswi tiyisaka masocha ya miri eka mavabyi yotala.

Tanihi xitirhisiwa xa vurimi, masi ya hlengeletiwa kusuka eka swifuwo swale purasini, ngopfu ngopfu tihomu, eka swa masi. Yi tirhisiwa hi vanhu tani hi swonwa  tani hi xiaki xa xisekelo xa switirhisiwa swa masi. CDC ya le United States yi ringanyeta leswaku vana lava nga ni malembe yo tlula khumembirhi (12) wa tin’hweti (malembe ya le hansi yo tshika ku nyika masi ya mavele kumbe fomula) va fanele va va ni swiphemu swimbirhi swa swilo leswi endliweke hi masi hi siku,  naswona vanhu vo tlula tsevu wa tibiliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo va dya masi ni swilo leswi endliweke hi masi.  Vuswikoti bya vanhu lavakulu byo gayela masi byi titshege hi ku phikelela ka lactase, hikwalaho vanhu lava nga tiyiseleliki lactose va na xiphiqo xo gayela lactose.

Hi 2011, mapurasi ya masi ya humelerise kwalomu ka {{Convert|730|e6tonne|e6ST}} ta masi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first1=8, 51–54}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku suka eka 260 wa timiliyoni ta tihomu ta masi.  [[Indiya|India]] i muhumelerisi lonkulu wa masi emisaveni hinkwayo naswona i muhumelerisi lonkulu wa masi ya mapa lama nga riki na mafurha.   New Zealand, Germany na Netherlands hi vona va xavisaka ngopfu switirhisiwa swa masi.  Exikarhi ka 750 na 900 wa mamiliyoni ya vanhu va tshama emindyangwini ya vufuwi masi. 

Kuna swiyenge swimbirhi swo hambana swa ku dyiwa ka masi: tincece hinkwato ti nwa masi hiku kongoma ku suka emirhini wa vamanana va tona, naswona i xihlovo xa tona xo sungula xa swakudya; naswona vanhu va kuma masi eka swiharhi swin’wana leswi mamisaka leswaku swi dyiwa hi vanhu va malembe hinkwawo, tanihi xiphemu xin’we xa swakudya swo hambana-hambana.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xipandza mananga</title>
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      <text bytes="2207" sha1="494p5ye0eralsbvesotvpfw7u7r7opx" xml:space="preserve">'''XIPANDZA MANANGA'''
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J0711-0001-003, Warnemünde, Stau.jpg|left|thumb|385x385px|Xipandzamananga]]
[[Xipandza]] mananga hi ririmi ra xitsonga swi vula [[movha]], kambe hi xitsonga lexi dzikeke wu vitaniwa xipandza mananga. Xivitaniwa xipandzamananga hikuva xipandzamananga xi misaya ya pfulekile. Movha wu tirhisiwa eka swiyenge swotala, loko vanhu vaya eswitolo va tirhasa xona ku famba. Khalekakhaleni vanhu a va tirhisa timbhonghola kuya eka tindhawu ta le kule na ku rhwelela [[mindhwalu]], kambe sweswi tiko ri nga hlavuka vanhu va ti tirhisela xipandzamanaga ku rhwala mindhwalu na ku famba vaya eka ti ndhawu ta le kule, leswi switlhela swi vapfuna leswaku va hatla vafika eka ndhawu leyi vayaku eka yona. 

Khale loko vanhu vaya eJoni a switika leswaku vafika hi siku ro rero, hikuva van`wana a va tirhisa milenge kuya Joni. [[Khalekakhaleni]] swipandzamananga a swiri na vanhu va hlonghe yo basa, va ka timeni lava a vari na swipandzamanaga a va nga tati na xandla. Kambe endzhaku ka kuva tatana Mandela a ve murhangeri wa ku sungula wa muntima swilu swivile swicanca, laha va ka timeni va nga sungula ku hluvuka va tixavela swipandza mananga, laha se vakotaku kuya ku n`wanana na ku n`wana la valaka kuya kona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Nelson Mandela Human Rights Leader and President of South Africa |date=2012-08-21 |work=Snapshots of Great Leadership |pages=94–102 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203103210-20 |access-date=2026-03-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-10321-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Xipandzamanaga xitisile ku olova eka swilu swa ku tala, kambe mafurha ya xona ya durha. Leswim swiendla leswaku vanhu va nga tshami va ri eku fambeni. Lava vatirhaku va oloveliwa hikuva vahatla vafika emitirhweni ku nga vi na ku kanganyiseka hi nkarhi. Loko wova u kha u ya tirhweni na mpundu kutwala ti bele. Eka nkarhi wa sweswi a wu nge fambi xinkarhani u nga hlanganangi na xipandzamananga. Eka ximanguvalawa ku chayela na swihlangi, kambe khale loko munhu i muchayeri a ku va ku ri munhu loyi n`wukulu. Sweswi i kuma na vanhu va tihlonghe to basa vari karhi va cheyerisa mbyana xipandzamananga.

== Swilaveko leswi tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Matsalwa</title>
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      <text bytes="2580" sha1="8bdd43n1t1kgkrfh6kfwy1lyzgi2gjp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Burmese_literature.jpg|thumb|422x422px|xifaniso xa matsalwa]]
Matsalwa

'''Matsalw'''a i swilo leswi tsariweke leswi kombisaka miehleketo, mintlhaveko ni mintokoto ya vanhu hi ndlela ya vutshila. Matsalwa ya katsa tinxaka to hambana hambanato fana na tinovhele, [[VUTLHOKOVETSERI|vutlhokovetseri]], mintsheketo, n'wangulano, ntlangu, switori swo koma ni matsalwa ya ntiyiso. Matsalwa ya na nkoka swinene eka ku hlayisa ndhavuko mi ku aka rixaka. Matsalwa ya nga va ya miehleketo(fiction) kumbe ya ntiyiso(non-fiction). &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Steen|first=Gerard|title=Genres of Discourse and the Definition of Literature|date=2013-12-16|work=Empirical Studies of Literature|pages=109–120|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315046310-1|access-date=2026-02-28|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-04631-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eka matsalwa hina tinxaka ta matsalwa kunga leti landzelaka; vutlhokovetseri, vutlhokovetseri byi tirhisa vutshila, swifaniso ni mimpfumawulo ku kombisa mintlhavekelo ni miehleketo. Matsalwa ya miehleketo (fiction), lawa i matsalwa lama tumbuluxiwekehi miehleketo ya mutsari, ku fana na [[tinovhele]], mintsheketo ni switori swo koma. [[Dirama|Ntlangu]], lawa i matsalwa lama tsariweke leswaku ma tlangiwa esitejini kumbe eka xiyanimoya. Ku tlhela ku va na matsalwa ya ntiyiso([[non- fiction]]), lawa i matsalwa lama sekeriweke eka swilo swa ntiyiso swo fana na vutomi bya munhu ([[biography]]), matimu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hassan|first=Muhammad|date=2024-03-26|title=What is Literature - Definition, Types, Examples|url=https://researchmethod.net/what-is-literature/|access-date=2026-02-28|website=Research Method|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matsalwa ma kombisa vutomi bya vanhu, milawu ni mikhuva ya rixaka. Vatsari vo tala va tirhisa matsalwa ku vulavula hi timhaka ta tipolitiki, ikhonomi ni ndhavuko. Matsalwa ma na nkoka swinene hikuva ma antswisa ririrmi ni vuswikoti byo vulavurisana, ma hlayisa matimu na ndhavuko, ma hluvukisa miehleketo ni vuswikoti byo ehelketa hi vuenti, ma tlhela ma pfuna vanhu ku twisisa mavonelo man'wana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=English Literature: Be as Informed as a Literature Graduate|url=https://www.udemy.com/course/english-literature-be-as-informed-as-a-literature-graduate/|access-date=2026-02-28|website=Udemy|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hi ku gimeta, matsalwa i xiphemu xa nkoka swinene eka vutomi bya vanhu. Ma dyondzisa, ma tsakisa, ma hungasa naswona ma hlayisa [[Ndhavuko waka hina|ndhavuko]]. Hi matsalwa, vanhu va kuma vutivi ni ku twisisa swinene misava leyi va hanyaka eka yona.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
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    <title>Nyoxi</title>
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      <text bytes="4053" sha1="6003l2ociq2yl6rjx8avz9apw2hb6le" xml:space="preserve">Nyoxi

'''Nyoxi''' - Kufana na switsotswana hinkwaswo miri wa nyoxi wu avanyisiwile hi swiphemu swinharhu: nhloko leyingana ti antenna timbirhi, '[[thorax]]' leyingana milenge ya tsevu na khwiri. Tinyoxi hinkwato tina voya bya marhavi kun’wana emirini wa tona na mimpatswa yimbirhi ya timpapa. I tinyoxi ta xisati ntsena letingana ti 'stingers' (leti '[[modified ovipositors]]', swirho leswi ekusunguleni aswi tirhisiwa ku veka tandza). Tinxaka to tala ta tinyoxi ti ni muvala wa ntima ni wo tshwuka kambe to tala a ti na wona—entiyisweni ti ta hi mihlovo yo hambana-hambana ku katsa ni rihlaza, ra wasi, ro tshwuka kumbe ra ntima. Tin’wana ti ni mitila naswona tin’wana ti ni hambi ku ri ku vonakala ka nsimbi. Tihambana hi vukulu kusuka eka tinyoxi letikulu ta '[[carpenter]]' na tinyoxi ta '[[Bumble|bumble']]  kuya eka tinyoxi letintsongo ta [[Perdita minima|'Perdita minima']], letinga ehansi ka timilimitara timbirhi hiku leha. leswi tirhisiweke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Biology |first=Insights |title=PollenPaths |date=2024 |publisher=The Holy Habibee |year=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Bee mid air.jpg|thumb|Xifaniso xa nyoxi]]

Kuna tinxaka to tlula 20,000 ta tinyoxi emisaveni hinkwayo, kukatsa na tinyoxi ta vulombe, letinga sungula e Eurasia naswona ti nghenisiwile emisaveni hinkwayo tani hi muxaka lowu fuyiwaka. Tinxaka ta tinyoxi ta nhova ti hanya eka tiko-nkulu rin’wana ni rin’wana handle ka Antarctica. Le Amerika N’walungu kuna kwalomu ka 4,000 wa tinxaka ta tinyoxi ta ndzhavuko leti tshamaka eka ti ecosystems kusuka emakhwatini kuya e mananga kuya eka tindzhawu ta byanyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bees {{!}} National Wildlife Federation |url=https://nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Bees |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123055435/https://nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Bees |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=National Wildlife Federation |language=en |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Loko ti ri karhi ti lava swakudya, tinyoxi ti endla xiendlo xa nkoka xa ku humesa vulombe. Loko nyoxi yi nghena eka xiluva leswaku yita dya vulombe naku hlengeleta 'pollen' yin’wana ya 'pollen' yi namarhela emirini wa nyoxi. Loko nyoxi yi haha ​​emahlweni, yi veka yin’wana ya '[[pollen]]' yoleyo eka xiluva lexi landzelaka lexi yi xi endzelaka, leswi endlaka leswaku ku nonisa, leswi endlaka leswaku ximilani lexi xi tswalana ni ku humesa mihandzu ni mbewu leyi tinxaka tin’wana to tala ta swiharhi ti titshegeke ha tona tanihi xihlovo xa swakudya. Entiyisweni, tinyoxi ti humesa vulombe lebyi hlamarisaka bya 80 wa tiphesente ta swimilana hinkwaswo leswi humesaka swiluva, ku katsa ni kwalomu ka 75 wa tiphesente ta mihandzu, tinyawa ni matsavu lama byariwaka eUnited States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bees {{!}} National Wildlife Federation |url=https://nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Bees |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123055435/https://nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Bees |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=National Wildlife Federation |language=en |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Sunflower and a bee.jpg|thumb|i xifaniso xa nyoxi loko yiri karhi yi lava 'pollen' eka xiluva]]

Hambileswi tinyoxi hinkwato ta xisati ti kotaka ku luma, ti endla tano ntsena loko ti xungetiwa. Tinyoxi ta vulombe letingana tinyoxi leti taleke hi vulombe na switsotswana leswi lavaka ku sirheleleka, hi xitalo ti na tihanyi swinene naswona titala ku lumiwa loko ti kavanyetiwa kutlula tinyoxi ta ndzhavuko letinga toxe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bees {{!}} National Wildlife Federation |url=https://nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Bees |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123055435/https://nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Bees |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=National Wildlife Federation |language=en |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Swivono leswi tirhisiweke ==
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      <text bytes="3935" sha1="fuk7gxhnehn732cqajc16o9ofzqg1hx" xml:space="preserve">'''Swifuwo'''
[[File:Zebu Bos taurus indicus in Tanzania 2375 Nevit.jpg|left|thumb|Swifuwo]]
[[Swifuwo]] i swiharhi leswi fuweweke ekaya, leswi nga ha tirhisiwaku ku endla nyama, ku rima na ku lobo. Xifuwo lexi tivekaka tani hi homu hi xona lexi tirhisiwaka ku lobola na ku dyiwa tani hi nyama. Xifuwo lexi hi xona xi xidurhaka ngopfu loko xifananisiwa na ntsengo lowu tirhisiwaka ku xava swifuwo leswi n`wani. Khale ka khaleni vokokwani a va tirhisa xona ku rima, kasi ematikweni yo fana na India va xi tirhisa ku rhwala swilu na vukhongeri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Erhard |first=Franz |title=Victor Turner: The Ritual Process. Structure and Anti-Structure (1969) |date=2019 |work=Schlüsselwerke der Religionssoziologie |pages=275–283 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15250-5_32 |access-date=2026-03-01 |place=Wiesbaden |publisher=Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden |isbn=978-3-658-15249-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;Xifuwo lexi xitlhela xitirhisiwa ngopfu loko kuri na mitlangu kumbe nkosi, xitirhisiwa for nyama. Loko eka muti wo karhi ko lova munhu kumbe kuva na ntlangu xifanela xidlayiwa leswaku xiswekiwa vanhu va ta kota ku dya. Van`wani va tirhisa mukwana kumbe xibamu ku xi dlaya. Nkarhi wu n`wani loko u onhele hosi ya le tikweni xifuwo lexi xa tirhisiwa ku riha nandzu.

Xifuwo lexi tivekaku tani hi mbuti i xifuwo lexi tirhisiwaka mitirho yo hambanahamaba. Xi nga tirhisiwa tani hi nyama, ku riha nandzu na le ka vukhongeli bya ku phahla. Xifuwo lexi kumeka ngopfu eka muti lowu nga na n`anga kumbe laha ku ngana ndhumbha. Tin`anga ti switirhisa ngopfu ku tshungula na ku phahla. [[Nyama ya xifuwo lexi yi dyiwa ngopfu hi rixaka ra Masomalia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=FELLMAN |first=JACK |date=1997-09 |title=&lt;i&gt;Black Lions: the creative lives of modern Ethiopia's literary  giants  and pioneers&lt;/i&gt; by Reidulf K. Molvaer.  Asmara, Eritrea, and Lawrenceville, NJ, The Red Sea Press, 1997. Pp.  xix+426. $21.95 paperback. &lt;i&gt;A Modern Translation of Kebra Nagast (The Glory of Kings)&lt;/i&gt;  compiled,  edited, and translated by Miguel F. Brooks.  Lawrenceville, NJ, The Red Sea Press, 1996. Pp. xxxi+193.  $18.95/£12.99 paperback. |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97302547 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=519–546 |doi=10.1017/s0022278x97302547 |issn=0022-278X}}&lt;/ref&gt;Xifuwo lexi  ntsengo wa xona wa dura kambe a wu nge fiki eka wa homu, hikuva homu yi tirhisiwa ku fuwa, nyama, masi na ku xavisiwa. Mbuti yi tlhela yi va na miri wu tsongo loko yi panisiwa na homu. Timbuti ti yiviwa ngopfu hikuva tin`anga ti tilava ngopfu. Mbuti yi huma eka rixaka ra [[tinyimpfu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sheep {{!}} mammal genus {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/sheep |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117145419/https://www.britannica.com/animal/sheep |archive-date=2025-11-17 |access-date=2026-03-01 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;


[[Huku]] i xifuwo lexi tsongo loko xifananisiwa na swifuwo hikwaswu leswi fuweweke ekaya. Vutomi bya xifuwo lexi a byi lehanga hikuva va xi lavela nyama na ku endla matandza.Xifuwo xo fana na nguluve  kumbe honci xirhandziwa ngopfu hi vanhu lava n`waka mabyala. Vanhu lava nghenaku kereke ya Siyoni a va lavi na ku xivona xifuwo lexi, laha na nyama ya xona va nga yi dyiku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2025 |title=Zion Christian Church: An overview |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350552906.ch-002 |journal=Ritual Healing in the Zion Christian Church in South Africa |pages=15–36 |doi=10.5040/9781350552906.ch-002}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xifuwo xo fana na nyimpfu i xiharhi lexi tivekaku tani hi xiharha xo lungha, lexi loko xidlayiwa a xi rili. Xiharhi lexi xi tirhisiwa tani hi nyama na ku endla swiambalo. [[Xifuwo xofana na mbhongolo i xifuwo lexi tirhisiwaku ku endla mitirhu ya ku tika ya ku fana na ku rima, ku rhwala mindhwalo. Nyama ya xifuwo lexi a yi dyiwi.]]

== Swilaveko leswi tirhisiweke ==
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      <text bytes="1239" sha1="bx9bg72vsyv3tfj68irreccwnwea0f0" xml:space="preserve">'''Mihandzu''' 


'''Mihandzu''' i swakudya leswi humaka eka mirhi (miri ya swimila) naswona swi tala ku dyiwa swi ri swa ntumbuluko (swi nga swekiwanga ngopfu).&lt;ref&gt;mihandzu&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xana mihandzu iyini ===

* I '''xiphemu xa murhi''' lexi talaka ku va ni mbewu endzeni.
* Yi tala ku va '''yi tsokombela''' kumbe yi tsongo ku suka eka murhi.
* Yi pfuna swinene eka rihanyo hikuva yi na '''[[vitamini]]''', mati ni fiber.

=== Swikombiso swa mihandzu: ===

* Mawuwa
* Mapapaya
* Mabanana
* Mawolintshi
* Matiya

=== Leswi mihandzu yi swi endlaka: ===

* Yi pfuna ku tiyisa miri
* Yi nyika miri mati
* Yi pfuna ku sivela mavabyi man’wana

Hi marito yo olova: '''mihandzu i swakudya leswi kulaka emirhini naswona swi pfuna swinene eka rihanyo ra hina.'''&lt;ref&gt;Mihandzu&lt;/ref&gt;


== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
[./Souhttps://www.twinkl.co.za›_teaching-wiki›_fruitSourcehttps://kids.frontiersin.org›_articles›_frym.2020.0002 Souhttps://www.twinkl.co.za › teaching-wiki › fruit]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Featured-Article-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[./Souhttps://www.twinkl.co.za›_teaching-wiki›_fruitSourcehttps://kids.frontiersin.org›_articles›_frym.2020.0002 Sourcehttps://kids.frontiersin.org › articles › frym.2020.00027]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="5133" sha1="6uyweb45kpkc3u3wzwi2qcg3fgexex2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Shangaan.jpg|thumb|448x448px|Xifaniso xa Vatsonga va karhi va cina]]
Ririmi ra Xitsonga na vutitivisi bya ndhavuko.

'''Xitsonga''' i rin'wana ra tindzimi ta ximfumu ta le [[Afrika-Dzonga|Afrika Dzonga.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=South Africa (Republic) - Constitution &amp;amp; Politics |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_172034 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Foreign Law Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Ri vulavuriwa ngopfu hi Vatsonga lava va tshamaka etindhawini ta le n'wlungini ni le vuxeni bya tiko, ngopfu-ngopfu e[[Limpopo]] na le [[Mpumalanga]], naswona ri tlhela ri vulavulariwa eka tindhawu tin'wana ta Mozambique na Zimbabwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mojela |first=Dr.VM |date=2012-07-09 |title=Critical analysis of the role played by PanSALB in the Lexicography development of the South African official languages |url=https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l31258 |journal=1st Annual International Conference on Language, Literature &amp;amp; Linguistics (L3 2012) |publisher=Global Science &amp; Technology Forum (GSTF) |doi=10.5176/2251-3566_l31258}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Ririmi ri na xiave xa nkoka swinene eku tumbuluxeni ka vutititvisi bya ndhavuko, hikuva Xitsonga i xikombiso xa nkoka xa ndhavuko, mikhuva na maendlelo ya vutomi bya Vatsonga.

Xitsonga i xiphemu xa tindzimi ta [[Bantu.]] Vatsonga va rhurhele eAfrika Dzonga khale swinene, va tisa ririmi ra vona ni mikhuva ya vona. Hi nkarhi wa vulawuri bya makoloniyali na xihlawuhlawu, tindzimi ta vantima at nyenyeteriwa naswona a ti nga tekiwi tiri ta nkoka, kambe ririmi ra Xitsonga ri hlayisekile hi ku tirhisa [[mintsheketo,]] vunanga, na vutomi bya miganga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Govender |first=Radhamoney |last2=Hugo |first2=Anna |date=2018-08 |title=Educators' perceptions of the Foundation Phase English Home Language Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement |url=https://doi.org/10.5785/34-1-767 |journal=Per Linguam |doi=10.5785/34-1-767 |issn=2224-0012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 Namuntlha, Xitsonga xi dyondzisiwa eswikolweni, xi tirhisiwa eka vuhangalasi bya mahungu naswona ri amukeriwile hi Vumbiwa (Constitution) ya 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=South Africa (Republic) - Constitution &amp;amp; Politics |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_172034 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Foreign Law Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ririmi ri kombisa mikhuva ni ripfumelo, maendlelo ya mindyangu, vurhangeri bya ndhavuko, ni ndlela ya xichavo ni vuxaka exikarhi ka vanhu. Ririmi ra Xitsonga ri na swivuriso, swivulavulelo na swiphato leswi kombisaka vutlhari ni miehleketo ya Vatsonga. Xikombiso, ndlela leyi ku xeweta ni ririmi leri hlantswekeke swi endliwaka no tirhisiwa ha yona yi kombisa nkoka wa la vakulu eka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Ku vulavula Xitsonga swi tiyisa ku titwa uri wa ndhawu yin'we, ku tinyungubyisa hi ndhavuko wa wena , ni ku tiyisa vuxaka exikarhi ka vantshwa ni vakokwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mojela |first=Dr.VM |date=2012-07-09 |title=Critical analysis of the role played by PanSALB in the Lexicography development of the South African official languages |url=https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l31258 |journal=1st Annual International Conference on Language, Literature &amp;amp; Linguistics (L3 2012) |publisher=Global Science &amp; Technology Forum (GSTF) |doi=10.5176/2251-3566_l31258}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ririmi ra Xitsonga ri fambisana swinene na vunanga bya ndhavuko byo fana ni mincino yo fana na [[xibelani]], [[makhwaya]], nasw.nasw. Ri tlhela ri fambisana na mintsheketo leyi vakokwana va hina ava yi hlaya loko vari eku xuxeni loko va karhi va orha ndzilu. Ririmi leri ri fambisana na ku ya engomeni swingakhataleki leswaku i ngoma ya rimbewu rihi kumbe rihi, nakambe yi fambisana ni ku phata xivongo xa ka n'wina.

Eminkarhini ley hi hanyaka eka yona sweswi ririmi leri ri langutane na swphiqo swo hlayanyana, swo fana na nkucetelo wa Xinghezi tanihi hi ririmi leri lawulaka, ku rhurha ka vanhu vaya emadorobeni ku ya lava madyelo ya rihlaza. Ri tlhela ri langutana na swiphiqo swa vantshwa loko va tirhisa ririmi leri hlanganisiweke ni tindzimi tin'wana. Hambiswiritano, vuhangalasi bya mahungu, switirhisiwa swa dijithali ni tibuku swi ya emahlweni swi tlakusa ririmi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=South Africa (Republic) - Census, Standards &amp;amp; Statistics |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_172160 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Foreign Law Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xitsonga a hi ririmi ntsena ro vulavirisana, kambe i xikombiso xa vutititvisi bya ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Ku hlayisa niku tlakusa ririmi swi pfuna ku hlayisa mikhuva, milawu, matimu ni mpimanyeto wa vutomi bya rixaka ra Vatsonga. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mojela |first=Dr.VM |date=2012-07-09 |title=Critical analysis of the role played by PanSALB in the Lexicography development of the South African official languages |url=https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l31258 |journal=1st Annual International Conference on Language, Literature &amp;amp; Linguistics (L3 2012) |publisher=Global Science &amp; Technology Forum (GSTF) |doi=10.5176/2251-3566_l31258}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==

&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Xibelani]]
[[Category:Makhw]]
[[Category:Ngoma]]
[[Category:Xicayicayi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yingwe</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338853308|Leopard]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1065" sha1="tknya7mf5wvr1qjap5uhnhzsncxir3u" xml:space="preserve">'''Yingwe''' ('''''''Panthera'' pardus''''') i yin'wana ya tinxaka ta ntlhanu ta swimanga leti nga kona eka ntlawa wa Panthera. Yi na voya bya xitshopana ku ya eka bya ntima bya nsuku na swivati swa ntima leswi hlanganisiweke hi Ti rosette. Miri wa yona wu lala naswona wu ni misiha, wu fika ku leha ka 92-183 cm (36-72 in) na ncila wo leha wa 66-102 cm (26-40 in)   na ku leha ka makatla ka 60-70  in). Ya xinuna hi ntolovelo yi tika 30.9-72kg  , kasi ta ti tika xisati 20.5-43kg (45-95 Ib)  .

Yingwe leyi yi hlamuseriwe ro sungula hi 1758, naswona ku ringanyetiwe tinxaka letitsongo to hlayanyana hi lembe-xidzana ra vu 19 ni ra vu-20. Namuntlha, tinxaka letitsongo ta nhungu ta tiviwa hi ku anama ka tona [[Afrika|eAfrika]] ni le [[Axiya|Asia]] . Ekusunguleni yitumbuluke eAfrika hinkarhi wa Early Pleistocene, loko yinga se rhurhela  eEurasia ku rhendzela i nkarhi wa nkoka wa swinene eka matimu ya maxelo ya misava. Khale ka tiyingwe atiri kona eyuropo hinkwayo, kambe ti nyamalarile eka ndzhawu liya kwalomu ka makumu ya karhi wa nkoka eka matimu ya misava .</text>
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Ntanghu i nchumu wa '''swiambalo swa milenge''' lowu hi ntolovelo wu kumekaka hi mimpatswa leswi endleriweke ku sirhelela ni ku chavelela nenge wa munhu, leyi hi ntolovelo ku endliwaka hi ndlela leyi yin'wana yi endleriweke leswaku yi ambariwa eka nenge wa ximatsi kasi leyin'wana yi ambariwa eka nenge wa xinene.

Hambi leswi nenge wa munhu wu nga tolovelaka tindhawu to hambana-hambana na swiyimo swa maxelo, wa sirheleleka, naswona tintanghu ti nyika nsirhelelo. Xivumbeko a xi boheleriwe eka ntirho, kambe hi ku famba ka nkarhi, tintanghu na tona ti ve swilo swa fexeni. Tintangu tin'wana ti ambariwa ta ni hi switirhisiwa swa vuhlayiseki, ku fana na Tibutsu ta nsimbi eswikunwaini, leti lavekaka eka tindhawu to tirhela eka tona ta le tifemeni.

Ku engetela kwalaho, tintanghu ti tala ku va ni mivala yo hambana-hambana; hi xikombiso, tintanghu ta swirhende swo leha ti tala ku ambariwa hi vavasati hi minkarhi yo saseka. Tintanghu ta manguva lawa ti hambana swinene hi xitayele, ku rharhangana na nxavo. Tintanghu ta masungulo ti nga ha va na ntambhu yo vevuka ntsena naswona ti nga xavisiwi hi nxavo wa le hansi. tintangu ta fexeni ya le henhla leti endliweke hi vaendli va tifexeni lava dumeke ti nga endliwa hi swilo swo durha, ti tirhisa miako leyi rharhanganeke kutani ti xavisiwa hi mali ya le henhla. Tintangu tin'wana ti endleriwe swikongomelo swo karhi, ku fana na Tibutsu leti endleriweke ku khandziya tintshava kumbe ku tshwiririka, kasi tin'wana ta tirhisiwa ngopfu ku fana na tintanghu leti hundzuriweke ku suka eka tintanghu ta mintlangu ta xikongomelo xo hlawuleka ku ya eka tintanghu leti tirhisiwaka hi vanhu hinkwavo.

Hi ntolovelo, tintanghu ti endliwa hi dzovo, timhandzi kumbe nguvu, kambe ti endliwa hi rhaba, tiplastiki na swilo swin'wana leswi humaka eka petrochemical. Emisaveni hinkwayo, tifeme ta tintanghu i $200 wa tibiliyoni hi lembe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 90% wa tintanghu ti hetelela ti ri laha ku lahliwaka thyaka, hikuva swilo swa kona swa tika ku swi hambanisa, ku tlhela swi tirhisiwa kumbe ku tlhela swi tirhisiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <title>Mabindzu ya pfuna</title>
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      <comment>Ku humelerisa page</comment>
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      <text bytes="977" sha1="bos0fk81jgiu7zkaek1q9td3ky6r19y" xml:space="preserve">MABINDZU

xifaniso xa mabindzu

Mabindzu i tirho wo xava niku xavisa switirhisiwa kumbe vukorhokeri hi xikongomelo xo kuma mbuyelo.[1] Ma pfuna vanhu ku kuma swilo leswi va swi evuton'wini bya siku na siku.[1] Mabindzu ma pfuna vanhu ku endla mali yo kota kuti hlayisa. Mabindzu ma tlhela ma pfuna ku tlakusa vutivi ni vutshila bya vanhu. Loko munhu a sungula ku bindzu ra yena, u dyondza ku lawula mali, ku tirhisana ni vaxavi, ni ku endla swiboho leswi faneleke.

Mabindzu ma nga hlangana ni mintlhotlho yo fana ni ku pfukaleka ka mali yo sungula bindzu, mphikizano exikarhi ka mabindzu, ni ku pfumaleka ka vutivi lebyi eneleke. Swi lava leswaku vafambisi va mabindzu va va ni ku tiyimisela, ku tshembeka ni ku tirha hi matimba leswaku va kota ku humelela. Mabindzu ma pfuna ku tumbuluxa mitrho ni ku tlakusa ikhonomi. Mabindzu ma tshama ma ri ni nkoka eka nhluvukiso wa muganga ni tiko.

Tibuku leti tirhisiweke

&quot;Accounting Software&quot;. Xero (in en-ZA). Retrieved 2026-02-24.</text>
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    <title>Dyondzo ya vutivi</title>
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      <comment>added a link</comment>
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      <text bytes="856" sha1="mhgo35o5e5ohxnrgdgwl1ihdqigugac" xml:space="preserve">Dyondzo

Dyondzo i nchumu wa nkoka swinene evutonwini bya munhu ni eka tiko. Hi ku tirhisa vutivi, vanhu vo kota ku dyondza ku hlaya, ku tsla ,ku hlayela mali naku twisisa misava leyi va hanyaka eka yona . Swikolo swi pfuna vana ku kurisa mienhleketo, ku va dyondzisa ndhavuko ni milawu ya tiko , ni ku va lunghisela vumundzuku bya vona.[1]

Eka Afrika Dzonga ,mfumo wu ringeta ku nyika vana hinkwavo mfikelelo wa swikolo leswaku ku nga vi na loyi a siyiwaka endzhaku. Vutivi byi tlhela byi pfuna ku hunguta vusweti hikuva loko munhu a dyondzile , u na nkarhi wo kuma ntirho wo antswa ni ku tisungulela mabindzu. Vana va fanele ku tiyimisela ku dyondza , ku yingisa vadyondzisi ni ku tirha hi matimba leswaku va ta fikelela milorho ya vona.[1]

Tibuku leti tirhisiweke
 https://www.21kschool.com/za/blog/what-is-education/
[Lulamisa]
Ntlawa: Dyondzo-Afrika</text>
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    <title>Winnie ku lwela ntshuxeko</title>
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        <username>Kataliya23</username>
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      <comment>published</comment>
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      <text bytes="860" sha1="cqfdjhxvp1ymif1p47r3r2a1kyivrv0" xml:space="preserve">Dyondzo

Dyondzo i nchumu wa nkoka swinene evutonwini bya munhu ni eka tiko. Hi ku tirhisa vutivi, vanhu vo kota ku dyondza ku hlaya, ku tsla ,ku hlayela mali naku twisisa misava leyi va hanyaka eka yona . Swikolo swi pfuna vana ku kurisa mienhleketo, ku va dyondzisa ndhavuko ni milawu ya tiko , ni ku va lunghisela vumundzuku bya vona.[1]

Eka [[Afrika Dzonga]] ,mfumo wu ringeta ku nyika vana hinkwavo mfikelelo wa swikolo leswaku ku nga vi na loyi a siyiwaka endzhaku. Vutivi byi tlhela byi pfuna ku hunguta vusweti hikuva loko munhu a dyondzile , u na nkarhi wo kuma ntirho wo antswa ni ku tisungulela mabindzu. Vana va fanele ku tiyimisela ku dyondza , ku yingisa vadyondzisi ni ku tirha hi matimba leswaku va ta fikelela milorho ya vona.[1]

Tibuku leti tirhisiweke
 https://www.21kschool.com/za/blog/what-is-education/
[Lulamisa]
Ntlawa: Dyondzo-Afrika</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nguluve</title>
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      <comment>Ku phabilixa</comment>
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      <text bytes="943" sha1="7jn35mt6hlvn7bbtlkpflw53wo71x2i" xml:space="preserve">NGULUVE


Nguluve na swivanani
Nguluve i xifuwo lexi kumekeka emapurasini. Nguluve yi tiveka hi ku va na miri lowunkulu, milenge yo koma, nhloko leyikulu na tindleve letikulu.Yi tlhela yiva na miri wa koma naswona miri wa yona wu tala ku va na xivumbeko xo nonon'hwa.Nguluve yi dya swakudya swo hambanahambana swo fana na mavele, matluka na swakudya leswi saleke ekaya.[1]Leswi swi endla endla leswaku yi kula hio ku hatlisa naswona yi va na nyama yo tala.

Vanhu vo hlaya nyana va fuwa tinguluve hikuva ti pfuna hi ku humesa nyama leyi dyiwaka swinene.[1] Nyama ya nguluva yi tirhisiwa ku endla swakudya swo fana na vhoroso na nyama yo omisiwa(mitonga). Nguluve i xiharhi xa nkoka hikuva yi pfuna vafuwi va yona ku kuma mali. Ku fuwa tinguluve swi lava ku va na ndlhawu leyi baseke, matu yo ringanela na swakudya leswi faneleke leswaku ti tshama ti ri na rihanyo lerinene.

Tibuku leti tirhisiweke
 Pig - Wikipedia
[Lulamisa]
Ntlawa: Swakudya</text>
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    <title>Vutomi bya vanhu</title>
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      <comment>Ku phabilixa</comment>
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      <text bytes="1297" sha1="lmin3lt2jem5jf0u08baan3xozihy6e" xml:space="preserve">VUTOMI
[[File:Coiled Life Cycle.png|thumb|Xifaniso xa kurhendela ka vutomi]]


Xifaniso xo rhendeleka ka vutom
Vutomi i nyiko ya nkoka swinene leyi munhu a yi kumaka loko a velekiwile. Vutomi byi sungula hi ku velekiwa naswona byi ya emahlweni ku kondza munhu a hundza emisaveni.[1] Eka vutomi, munhu u dyondza swilo swo tala naswona u langutana na mintlhontlho ni mikateko.Eka vutomi bya siku ni siku, munhu u fanele ku tirha hi matimba leswaku a kota ku fihlela swikongomelo swa yena. Ku dyondza i xiphemu xa nkoka xa vutomi hikuva ku pfuna munhu ku kuma vutivi ni vuswikoti lebyi nga n’wi pfunaka ku kuma ntirho ni ku aka vumundzuku lebyinene.[1] Loko munhu a tiyisela naswona a nga heli mbilu, a nga kota ku hlula swiphiqo leswi a hlanganaka na swona.

Vutomi byi tlhela byi lava leswaku hi rhandza van’wana, hi kombisa xichavo ni ku pfuna lava pfumalaka. Loko vanhu va tshama hi ku rhula ni ku twanana, va aka tiko leri nga ni ku rhula ni nhluvuko. Ku va ni mahanyelo lamanene swi endla leswaku vutomi byi tsakisa naswona byi va ni nkoka.Vutomi i riendzo leri lavaka ku tiyisela, ku tshembha ni ku tirha hi matimba. Loko hi tirhisa nkarhi wa hina kahle, hita kota ku aka vumundzuku lebyi vonakaka kahle ni lebyi tameleke hi ntsako.

Tibuku leti tirhisiweke
 Home
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Ntlawa: Vutomi</text>
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Ku Hluvuka ka Ririmi ra Xitsonga

'''Xitsonga''' i ririmi ra nkoka swinene [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika Dzonga]], ngopfu-ngopfu eSouth Africa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/CD/National%20Curriculum%20Statements%20and%20Vocational/CAPS%20SAL%20XITSONGA%20FP.pdf?ve&lt;/ref&gt;Ririmi leri ri kombisa ndhavuko, rirhandzu, ni vumunhu bya Vatsonga. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Hi ku tirhisa Xitsonga, vanhu va kota ku hlayisa mikhuva ya vona, tinsimu, ni switori swa ndhavuko leswi hundziseriwaka ku suka eka vatswari ku ya eka vana.
[[File:Language region maps of India.svg|thumb|ti ndzimi leyi vilavuliweke]]
Namuntlha, Xitsonga ri tlhela ri tirhisa eka swikolo, ethelevhixini ni eka thekinoloji, leswi endlaka leswaku ri ya emahlweni ri kula. Ku hlayisa ni ku tirhisa ririmi ra Xitsonga i ku sirhelela ndhavuko wa Vatsonga ni vumundzuku bya vona.

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[Lulamisa]

[[Special:Categories|Ntlawa]]: 

* [[:Category:Xikolo xa le hansi xa Giyani|Xikolo xa le hansi xa Giyani]]</text>
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    <title>Ntshembo</title>
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&lt; &lt;bdi&gt;[[User:Lihle012]]&lt;/bdi&gt;
[[//ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Africa_2011_Tsonga_speakers_proportion_map.svg|link=File:South_Africa_2011_Tsonga_speakers_proportion_map.svg|thumb|Nhlayo ya vanhu lava va tirhisaka ririmi ra xitsonga]]
Ku Hluvuka ka Ririmi ra Xitsonga
[[File:Trust Issues.png|thumb|xinepe xo kombisa ku tshemba]]
'''Xitsonga''' i ririmi ra nkoka swinene [[Afrika-Dzonga|eAfrika Dzonga]], ngopfu-ngopfu eSouth Africa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/CD/National%20Curriculum%20Statements%20and%20Vocational/CAPS%20SAL%20XITSONGA%20FP.pdf?ve&lt;/ref&gt;Ririmi leri ri kombisa ndhavuko, rirhandzu, ni vumunhu bya Vatsonga. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Hi ku tirhisa Xitsonga, vanhu va kota ku hlayisa mikhuva ya vona, tinsimu, ni switori swa ndhavuko leswi hundziseriwaka ku suka eka vatswari ku ya eka vana.

Namuntlha, Xitsonga ri tlhela ri tirhisa eka swikolo, ethelevhixini ni eka thekinoloji, leswi endlaka leswaku ri ya emahlweni ri kula. Ku hlayisa ni ku tirhisa ririmi ra Xitsonga i ku sirhelela ndhavuko wa Vatsonga ni vumundzuku bya vona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[Lulamisa]

[[Special:Categories|Ntlawa]]: 

* [[:Category:Xikolo xa le hansi xa Giyani|Xikolo xa le hansi xa Giyani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bolo ya milenge</title>
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      <text bytes="1221" sha1="q55psrg7lj2ufoopy6tkh15zquvr2ed" xml:space="preserve">[[//ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Algérie_-_Arménie_-_20140531_-_Yacine_Brahimi_(Alg)_face_à_Taron_Voskanyan_(Arm).jpg|link=File:Algérie_-_Arménie_-_20140531_-_Yacine_Brahimi_(Alg)_face_à_Taron_Voskanyan_(Arm).jpg|thumb|Xinepe xikombetile vatlangi va bolo ya milenge]]
Bolo

'''Bolo''' i ntlangu lowu rhandziwaka swinene emisaveni hinkwayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.livescore.com/en/ Live Football Scores, Fixtures &amp; Results | LiveScore]&lt;/ref&gt; E-Afrika Dzonga, vanhu vo tala va rhandza ku seketela mintlawa ya vona leyi va yi tsakelaka ku fana na Kaizer Chiefs na Orlando Pirates. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Ntlangu lowu wu tlhela wu hlanganisa vanhu hinkwavo, ku nga khathariseki malembe kumbe rimbewu.

Loko ku ri na mphikizano lowukulu wo fana na FIFA World Cup, vanhu emisaveni hinkwayo va hlangana va tlangela bolo. Bolo yi dyondzisa ku tirhisana, ku va na ndzhuti ni ku hlonipha van’wana. Vana vo tala va navela ku va vatlangi va ndhuma siku rin’wana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Hi swona leswi endlaka leswaku bolo yi va [[ntlangu]] wa nkoka swinene evuton’wini bya vanhu vo tala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ti buku leti tirhisiweke ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[Lulamisa]

[[Special:Categories|Ntlawa]]: 

* [[:Category:Football|Football]]</text>
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    <title>Mpfundla wa dyiwa</title>
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      <text bytes="1139" sha1="271c60m9rf7mk5aqszje2rmdglnbozk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2.jpg|thumb|xifaniso xa Mpfundla]]
Mpfundla

'''Mpfundla''' i xihari lexi xa nhova lexi tivekaka hi ku tsutsuma hi ku hatlisa swinene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://rabbit.org/essays/what-are-rabbits-really-like/&lt;/ref&gt; Yi na tindleve to leha leti yi tirhisaka ku twa swiyimo swa khombo. Loko yi twa ntshikelelo kumbe khombo, yi hatla yi tsutsuma yi ya tumbela leswaku yi tisirhelela.Mpfundla yi tshama ngopfu etindhawini ta nhova nile masinwini . yi dya byanyi , matluka ni swimilana swinwana, hikuva i xihari lexi dyaka swimilana tsena .eka switorhi swa ndhavuko , mpfundla u tala ku kombisiwa tanihi xiharhi lexi tlhariheke swinene. minkarhi yinwana u tirhisa vutlhari bya yena ku hlula swiharhi leswikulu. leswi swi dyondzisa vanhu leswaku vutlhari byi nga hlula matimba.

Hi ku gimeta, [[mpfundla]] i xiharhi xa nkoka swinene eka ntumbuluko ni le ka ndhavuko. yi hi dyondzisa ku tshama hi xivindzi ni ku tirhis a vutlharhi bya hina loko hi langutane ni swiphiqo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Timbuku leti tirhisiwaku ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[Lulamisa]

[[Special:Categories|Ntlawa]]: 

* [[:Category:Swakudya|Swakudya]]</text>
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    <title>Ku hlayisa Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga: Ku xixima ku hambana ka mindhavuko ya hina tani hi Vanhu va Vatsonga</title>
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      <text bytes="7538" sha1="8357u8400zubgulkrd6hp5nfxtrx9j1" xml:space="preserve">Vutivi bya Afrika-Dzonga byi dzime timitsu swinene eka ku hambana ka mindhavuko na tindzimi. Hi tindzimi ta khume-n’we (10) ta ximfumo na tindzimi tin’wana to tala ta ndzhavuko, tiko leri i ''tapestry'' leyi hanyaka ya mindhavuko, switori na mavonelo ya misava. Exikarhi ka mindhavuko leyi yo fuwa ku yime Vatsonga, vaaki lava tinyungubyisaka lava nga na ndzhaka yo hlawuleka ya ririmi na ndhavuko. Hambiswiritano, kufana na mintlawa yotala ya ndzhavuko, Vatsonga vaya va langutana na nxungeto wa ku onhiwa ka mindhavuko. I swa xihatla ku tlula rini na rini ku seketela ku hlayisiwa ka tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga na ku xixima ku hambana ka mindhavuko leyi hi hlamuselaka, ngopfungopfu hi ku ya hi langutelo ra Vatsonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;SADiLaR (South African Centre for Digital Language Resources): Actively involved in promoting and documenting Xitsonga through digital tools and recognizing those who preserve the language.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ntirho wa Ririmi eka Vutivi bya Ndhavuko'''

Ririmi a hi xitirho xo vulavurisana ntsena, i masungulo ya vutivi, langutelo ra misava ni ku va xiphemu xa ntshamisano. Eka vanhu va Vatsonga, Xitsonga i ku tlula ririmi; i archive leyi hanyaka ya mikhuva, matimu ya nomu, maendlelo ya vutivi bya ndzhavuko, na swikombiso swa vumoya. Yi rhwala vutlhari bya vakokwa naswona yi kongomisa mahanyelo ya mahanyelo ni ya mahanyelo lamanene eka nkarhi wa sweswi. Loko ririmi ri tsana kumbe ri nyamalala, ndhavuko wu lahlekeriwa hi xiphemu xa moya ni xiviri wa wona.&lt;ref&gt;Z. Khoza: Researcher focused on translanguaging patterns in Xitsonga classrooms to enhance pedagogic trends and improve literacy, often exploring how Xitsonga is taught in schools.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lexi twisaka ku vava, vavulavuri vo tala va Xitsonga namuntlha, ngopfu-ngopfu vantshwa etindhawini ta le madorobeni, va hundzukela eka tindzimi letikulu to fana na Xinghezi kumbe Xizulu. Ku cinca loku ku tala ku hlohloteriwa hi mavonelo ya ku fambafamba ka vaaki, ku ya emadorobeni, na ku pfumaleka ka vuyimeri eka vuhangalasi bya mahungu bya ntolovelo na dyondzo. Mikhuva yo tano yi nga endla leswaku munhu a hambanisiwa hakatsongo-tsongo ni timitsu ta yena.&lt;ref&gt;Mathebula (2014): His work focuses on revitalizing the psyche of the Tsonga nation, focusing on shared values, culture, and correcting historical misconceptions about Vatsonga.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Xiphiqo xa ku Hlawuriwa ka Ririmi'''

Hambi leswi ku nga yin’wana ya tindzimi ta ximfumo ta Afrika-Dzonga, Xitsonga xa ha langutane na ku hlongoriwa eka swiyenge swo hambana swa mani na mani—dyondzo, vuhlanganisi bya mfumo, vuhangalasi bya mahungu, na swinavetiso swa mabindzu. Vanhu va Vatsonga va tala ku va va nga yimeriwi kahle kumbe va nga yimeriwi hi ndlela yo biha, leswi hoxaka xandla eka ku titwa va ri ehansi kumbe va nga vonaki. Loko vana va Vatsonga va nga dyondzisiwi kumbe ku khutaziwa ku vulavula ririmi ra vona exikolweni kumbe etindhawini ta mani na mani, va nga ha sungula ku vona ririmi ra manana tanihi vutihlamuleri ku nga ri rifuwo ra ndhavuko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Dr. Hlengiwe Mashele: Executive Director for the South African National Lexicography Units, specializing in language development and advocating for the use of native languages in higher education.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku tlula kwalaho, ku nga ringani ka tindzimi ta Xiafrika eka dyondzo swi vula leswaku Xitsonga a hi minkarhi hinkwayo xi nyikiwaka nseketelo wa dyondzo kumbe switirhisiwa swo fana na tindzimi tin’wana. Leswi a swi onhi ntsena nhluvuko wa tidyondzo ta vadyondzi va Xitsonga kambe swi tlhela swi xungeta ku hundziseriwa ka ririmi exikarhi ka tinxaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Dr. K.J. Baloyi: Conducts research on the role of Xitsonga as an indigenous language, focusing on its marginalization and the need for its promotion in education (&quot;Ku tshikeleriwa ka ririmi ra Xitsonga e Afrika-Dzonga,&quot; 2021/2024).&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ku xixima Ku Hambanahambana hi ku Pfuxeta'''

Ku hlayisa ku hambana ka tindzimi na mindhavuko ya Afrika-Dzonga, hi fanele ku xixima, ku tlangela, na ku pfuxeta ririmi ra Xitsonga hi matimba. Leswi swi lava endlelo ra swiyenge swo tala:&lt;ref&gt;Prof. Charlotte Golele: Awarded by SADiLaR for her significant contribution to the development of Xitsonga as an official language of South Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1.Mpfuxeto wa Dyondzo:''' Swikolo swi fanele ku amukela dyondzo ya tindzimi to tala leyi katsaka Xitsonga tanihi ririmi ro dyondzisa na tanihi dyondzo. Nhundzu ya kharikhulamu yi fanele ku kombisa matimu ya Xitsonga, mindhavuko, na maendlelo ya ndhavuko ku tiyisisa vumunhu bya vadyondzi.&lt;ref&gt;Technology in Preservation: Using digital strategies like localization of software and online dictionaries for minority languages such as Xitsonga.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2.Ku Nghenelela ka Vaaki:''' Mindyangu ya Vatsonga na varhangeri va vaaki va fanele ku tlanga xiave lexikulu eku kuriseni ka ririmi. Leswi swi katsa ku vulavula hi switori, vuyimbeleri, mikhuva, na mabulo ya siku na siku hi Xitsonga, ngopfungopfu na tinxaka letintshwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Cultural Identity: The inextricable link between the Xitsonga language, heritage, and identity.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''3.Vuhangalasi bya mahungu na Thekinoloji:''' Ririmi ra Xitsonga ri fanele ku vonaka no twiwa eka vuhangalasi bya mahungu bya xidijitali, xiya-ni-moya, thelevhixini, na matsalwa. Tipodcast, tichannel ta YouTube, swilo swa TikTok, na ti-app ta tiselfoni hi Xitsonga swi nga pfuna ku endla leswaku ririmi ri fikeleleka no tsakisa vayingiseri lavatsongo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Educational Challenges: The need for better implementation of Xitsonga as a medium of instruction in schools.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''4.Ku tirhisiwa ka Pholisi:''' Tindzawulo ta mfumo na timasipala ta miganga ti fanele ku va na vutihlamuleri byo tlakusa ndzingano wa tindzimi. Vaaki lava vulavulaka Xitsonga va faneriwa hi vukorhokeri bya mfumo, swikoweto, na vuhlanganisi bya ximfumo hi ririmi ra vona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

'''5.Vuyimeri bya Dyondzo na Vutshila:''' Tiyunivhesiti na swivandla swa ndhavuko swi fanele ku seketela ndzavisiso wa matimu ya Vatsonga, ntivo-ririmi, na maendlelo ya vutivi bya ndhavuko. Tipulatifomo ta vutshila—filimi, vuyimbeleri, mintlango ya mintlango ni ku cina—ti fanele ti tirhisiwa ku tlakusa marito ya Vatsonga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

'''Ku Tikukumuxa ka Ndhavuko tanihi Ku Lwisana'''

Ku hlayisa Xitsonga a hi matshalatshala ya ririmi ntsena—i xiendlo xo lwisana na ndhavuko na ku tinyungubyisa. Hi ku teka ririmi ra hina ri ri ra nkoka, hi ala mhaka ya leswaku ndhavuko wa Vatsonga wu le ndzhaku, wu le tlhelo, kumbe a wu na nkoka. Hi tiyisisa ndhawu ya hina eka ndhawu yo hambana ya Afrika-Dzonga na ku tiyisisa leswaku switori swa hina, vutlhari, na tindlela ta vutomi i swa nkoka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

A hi dyondziseni vana va hina ku vulavula Xitsonga hi ku titshemba. A hi tlangeleni mincino ya hina, hi ambala swiambalo swa hina swa ndhavuko hi ku tinyungubyisa, hi avelana swivuriso na tinsimu ta hina na misava. Hi ku endla tano, a hi hlayisi ririmi ntsena, hi hlayisa ndzhaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

'''Mahetelelo'''

Matimba ya Afrika-Dzonga ya le ka ku hambana ka yona. Ku xixima ku hambana loku hi ntiyiso, hi fanele ku hlayisa ndzhaka ya tindzimi ya vanhu va yona hinkwavo, ku katsa na Vatsonga. Ku hlayisa Xitsonga a hi ku hlayisa ririmi ntsena, i ku hlayisa moya wa vanhu. Tanihi vanhu va Vatsonga, vadyondzisi, vatshila, vaendli va tipholisi, na swirho swa vaaki, hi na vutihlamuleri byo hlanganela ku tiyisisa leswaku ririmi ra hina ri humelela. Eku hlayiseni ka ririmi ra hina, hi hlayisa vumunhu bya hina, naswona yoleyo i ndzhaka leyi faneleke ku lwela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nghwazi ya Ririmi ra Xidijitali eAfrika</title>
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      <comment>New Article for Digital</comment>
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      <text bytes="6530" sha1="1ev9uqkv01c7uf3kurjnuq5pp6wni30" xml:space="preserve">'''Manghenelo:'''

Emisaveni leyi yaka hi xihatla eka xidijitali, ku hlayisiwa na ku tlakusa tindzimi ta xintu i swa nkoka swinene eka ku kondletela ndhavuko. Afrika-Dzonga, hi ku hambana ka yona loku fuweke ka tindzimi, ri ya ri vona ku pfuka ka xidijitali exikarhi ka vavulavuri va tindzimi leti nga le ku hlongoriweni. Exikarhi ka swiendlakalo leswi xiyekaka ngopfu i ku tlakuka ka vandla ra nghwazi ya ririmi ra xidijitali leri simekiweke eka vaaki lava vulavulaka Xitsonga.&lt;ref&gt;Prof. Justus Roux: Spearheaded the establishment of the South African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR).&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntlawa lowu wu fambisiwa hi vadyondzisi, vativi va thekinoloji, vasunguri, na vaakatiko lava tolovelekeke lava tinyiketeleke ku pfuxeta na ku endla ririmi ra Xitsonga ra manguva lawa eka swivandla swa xidijitali.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Prof. Sibusiso Ndlangamandla: Coordinated UNISA-DHET language development plans.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Nkoka wa Xitsonga eAfrika-Dzonga'''

Xitsonga, rin’wana ra tindzimi ta ximfumo ta 12 ta Afrika-Dzonga, ri vulavuriwa hi kwalomu ka 4.5 wa vaaki, ngopfungopfu eLimpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, na swiphemu swa Mozambique. Hambi leswi Xitsonga xi nga ximfumo, hi matimu xi langutane na ku hlongoriwa eka dyondzo, vuhangalasi bya mahungu, na thekinoloji.&lt;ref&gt;Dr. Mmasibidi Setaka: SADiLaR digital humanities researcher and participant in digital preservation projects.&lt;/ref&gt;

Switirhisiwa swa xidijitali leswi nga nyawuriki, vuyimeri bya ririmi lebyi nga ringanelangiki eka ti''-app'' ta ntolovelo, na nseketelo wutsongo wa nhlangano swi tlhele swi hoxa xandla eka ku hambana ka rixaka na ririmi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

'''Ku Tlakuka ka Nghwazi ya Ririmi ra Xidijitali'''

Nghwazi ya Ririmi ra Xidijitali i munhu kumbe ntlawa lowu tirhisaka tipulatifomo ta xidijitali ku tlakusa, ku hlayisa, na ku dyondzisa ririmi. Eka xiyimo xa Xitsonga, leswi swi teke swivumbeko swo tala:&lt;ref&gt;Prof. Rakgogo: Leading the SWiP project (SADiLaR, Wikimedia SA, PanSALB) to boost indigenous languages on Wikipedia.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1.Vukorhokeri bya swa Vuhangalasi bya Mahungu.'''

Tipulatifomo to fana na ''TikTok,'' ''YouTube'', na ''Faceboo''k ti hundzuke switirhisiwa swa matimba swo tlakusa Xitsonga. Vaseketeri va ririmi va humesa tivhidiyo to koma leti dyondzisaka ntivomarito wa xisekelo, ku avelana switori swa ndhavuko, kumbe ku tlanga tinsimu na vutlhokovetseri. Vatumbuluxi lava va nghenisa vayingiseri lavatsongo na ku tlhela va thya Xitsonga vito ra Xitsonga tani hi leswi phyuphyisaka na leswi faneleke.&lt;ref&gt;Dr. Thulisile Bhuda: Scholar of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) advocating for digital inclusion of African languages.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2.Tiapp ta Tiselfoni na Swihlamusela-marito swa le ka Inthanete'''

Tiapp to fana na &quot;Xitsonga Translate&quot; na tipulatifomo ta inthanete to fana na Xitsonga.org ti endlile leswaku dyondzo ya ririmi yi fikeleleka eka vayingiseri vo tala. Switirhisiwa leswi swi pfuneta ku hlanganisa xivandla xa ku hlaya na ku tsala hi ku nyika vuhundzuluxeri, tidyondzo ta ririmi, na swiletelo swa mavitanelo, leswi hoxaka xandla eka ku tirhiseka ka siku na siku na ku khutaza ku tinyungubyisa hi ndzhaka ya ririmi.&lt;ref&gt;Dr. Thulisile Bhuda: Scholar of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) advocating for digital inclusion of African languages.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''3.Vavumbi va Swilo swa Dyondzo'''

Vadyondzisi na swidyondzeki lava vulavulaka Xitsonga va le ku tumbuluxeni ka swilo swa xidijitali ku ndlandlamuxa dyondzo. Va aka ti ''YouTube channel'' na ti ''virtual classroom'' leti nyikaka tidyondzo ta Xitsonga eka vana va xikolo xa le hansi na vanhu lavakulu hi ku fanana. Hi ku endla leswaku kharikhulamu yi va ya xidijitali, va lulamisa swivandla eka sisiteme ya dyondzo ya ximfumo. 

'''4.Ku Bloga Ririmi na Ndhavuko'''

Vablog na vatsari va tsala hi ku rharhangana ka swivulavulelo swa Xitsonga, mintsheketo, na maendlelo ya ndhavuko eka inthanete. Tiblog leti ti tala ku hlangana na timhaka to anama to fana na vutivi, misava, na filosofi ya Xiafrika, leswi kombisaka hilaha ririmi ri kombisaka langutelo ra misava hakona.

'''5. Tiphurojeke ta Vuhundzuluxi na Vuhlayiselo bya laha kaya'''

Vanhenha va tindzimi ta xidijitali na vona va hoxa xandla eku hundzuluxeleni ka tipulatifomo ta misava hinkwayo hi Xitsonga. Leswi swi katsa ku pfuneta ku veka tisoftware ta xihlovo lexi pfulekeke xa laha kaya, ku engetela switlhokovetselo swa le hansi hi Xitsonga eka tifilimi na minxaxamelo, na ku seketela ku katsa Xitsonga eka tipulatifomo to fana na Vundzuluxi bya ''Google'' kumbe ''Facebook’s'' swihlawulekisi swa ririmi.


'''Mintlhontlho leyi langutaneke na Vahluri va Ririmi ra Xidijitali'''

Loko nsusumeto wu ri karhi wu kula, tinhenha ta xidijitali ti langutane na swihinga swo hlayanyana:

• Ku nyikiwa ka timali na switirhisiwa: Vo tala va tirha hi ku tiyimela handle ka nseketelo wa timali kumbe switirhisiwa swa xithekiniki.

• Ku ringanisiwa ka ririmi: Ku hambana ka ririmi na ku pfumaleka ka theminoloji leyi ringaniseriweke eka miehleketo ya manguva lawa swi nga sivela ku ringanana.

• Ku hlongoriwa ka xidijitali: Etindhawini ta le makaya, mfikelelo wa inthanete lowu nga nyawuriki na ku kumeka ka switirhisiwa swi ya emahlweni swi khumba ku fikelela

'''Nseketelo wa Nhlangano na Swivandla swa Pholisi'''

Hambi leswi tipholisi ta ririmi leti yaka emahlweni ephepheni, nseketelo wa mfumo na wa nhlangano eka vutumbuluxi bya ririmi ra xidijitali wu ringaniseriwile. Nseketelo wa vukandziyisi bya xidijitali, switirhisiwa swa dyondzo leswi pfulekeke, na switirhisiwa leswi simekiweke eka ''AI'' (ku fana na vapfuni va rito va Xitsonga) swi nga nyika matimba swinene eka tinhenha leti.&lt;ref&gt;Dr. Combrink: Focuses on inclusive digital solutions for Deaf communities.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Mahetelelo'''

Ku humelela ka tinhenha ta tindzimi ta xidijitali ta Xitsonga swi kombisa nkarhi wo hundzula eka ku ringana ka tindzimi eAfrika-Dzonga. Vanhu lava a va hlayisi ririmi ntsena kambe va tlhela va ehleketa hi vumundzuku bya rona eka nguva ya xidijitali. Matshalatshala ya vona ya hoxa xandla eka ku susa vukoloni eka inthanete, ku nyika matimba eka vavulavuri lavatsongo, na ku tiyisisa leswaku Xitsonga xi tshama xi ri ririmi leri hanyaka, leri hluvukaka.Tanihi leswi nhluvuko wa vumune wa tiindasitiri wu vumbeke hi vuntshwa vuhlanganisi na ndhavuko, i swa nkoka eka vaendli va tipholisi, vadyondzisi, na vaaki ku lemuka na ku seketela tinhenha ta xidijitali leti ti rhwale tochi ya ndzhaka ya ririmi ya Afrika-Dzonga, ''one TikTok, app, blog'' poso, kumbe xitsundzuxo xa rito hi nkarhi wun’we.</text>
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